hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.

Illizi Province
Illizi (Arabic: ولاية اليزي)  is a large province (wilaya) in the south-eastern corner of Algeria named after its eponymous seat.
It borders Ouargla Province to the north, Tunisia to the extreme northeast, Libya to the east, Djanet Province to the south and, to the west, In Salah Province and Tamanrasset Province. As of the 2008 census, the province had a population of 52,333 and an annual growth rate of 4.5%.
SFERA Award
The SFera Award is awarded annually by the science fiction society SFera in Zagreb since 1981. Until 1991, it was given to participants from whole of Yugoslavia, but since 1994 only for works originally published in Croatian.

The SFera award is given to the best accomplishments in science fiction (as well as in fantasy and horror genre) first published or shown in Croatia over the preceding year.

At the beginning, the award was only for literary works, but with time, expanded to many categories. Currently it is awarded in the following categories:
miniature (very short story), short story, story, novella, novel, novel for children, drama, poetry, color illustrations, black-white illustrations, and comic book.

Other mediums (costimography, sculpture, film, video, music) are designated as "special achievements". It is also awarded for life's work and from time to time, a special award for newcomers, called Protosfera.

Željko Pahek
Željko Pahek (born 1954 in Županja, then in Yugoslavia, now in Croatia) is an internationally published comic-book and graphic novel creator, scriptwriter, painter, illustrator and caricaturist.

Since 1980s he is known for black humored comic series, as well as cover illustrations for masterpieces of science fiction and fantasy literature. He lives in Belgrade, Serbia.
Spokes (Lothian)
Spokes, the Lothian Cycle Campaign, was started in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1977 to campaign for better facilities for cyclists.

One of its first campaigns was for cycling to be allowed on Middle Meadow Walk (through The Meadows). After initial opposition, Edinburgh Corporation agreed. Since then Edinburgh's councils have gradually increased on and off-road facilities to encourage cycling. Pressure has been kept up by Spokes and its members.

Spokes has been actively involved in Safe Routes to School projects since 1996.

Spokes also publishes a cycle map for Edinburgh, and others for surrounding council areas.

The Meadows, Edinburgh
The Meadows is a large public park in Edinburgh, Scotland, to the south of the city centre.

It consists largely of open grassland crossed by tree-lined paths, but also has a children's playground, a croquet club, tennis courts and recreational sport pitches. It is bordered by the University of Edinburgh's George Square campus, the Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre, the main university library, St Thomas of Aquin's High School and the Quartermile development on the site of the old Edinburgh Royal Infirmary to the north, Marchmont, Summerhall and  Sciennes to the south and Newington to the east. To the south-west it becomes Bruntsfield Links where there is a free, public Short Hole Golf Course (pitch and putt).
Space (2001 TV series)
Space (Hyperspace in the United States) is a 2001 BBC documentary which ran for six episodes covering a number of topics in relation to outer space. The series is hosted and narrated by actor Sam Neill.

BBC Studios Home Entertainment
2 Entertain Video Limited, trading as BBC Studios Home Entertainment, is a British video and music publisher founded in 2004 following the merger of BBC Video and Video Collection International by BBC Worldwide and the Woolworths Group respectively.
Human engineered cardiac tissues
Human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs) are derived by experimental manipulation of pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and, more recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to differentiate into human cardiomyocytes. Interest in these bioengineered cardiac tissues has risen due to their potential use in cardiovascular research and clinical therapies. These tissues provide a unique in vitro model to study cardiac physiology with a species-specific advantage over cultured animal cells in experimental studies. hECTs also have therapeutic potential for in vivo regeneration of heart muscle. hECTs provide a valuable resource to reproduce the normal development of human heart tissue, understand the development of human cardiovascular disease (CVD), and may lead to engineered tissue-based therapies for CVD patients.

Cell potency
Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types.
The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency.
Firda Tidend
Firda Tidend is a Norwegian newspaper, published in Sandane in Gloppen Municipality, Norway. The newspaper was founded in 1924, and its first editor was Johan Lid. Anders Øvreseth was editor-in-chief for more than thirty years, until his death in 1966. Bjørn Grov was editor from 1979.

Sandane
Sandane is the administrative centre of Gloppen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located at the end of the Gloppefjorden, along the European route E39 highway.  Sandane is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the village of Nordfjordeid and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the village of Byrkjelo. Sandane Airport, Anda is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Sandane along highway E39. Sandane has several suburban areas that surround the nearby fjord such as Sørstranda to the west and Vereide to the northwest.

The 2.44-square-kilometre (600-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,584 and a population density of 1,059 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,740/sq mi). The Firda Upper Secondary School and Sandane Church are both located in Sandane.  Sandane is located close to the lake Breimsvatn, the Myklebustbreen glacier, and Jostedalsbreen National Park.
Deaths in February 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Herlinda Sánchez Laurel
Herlinda Sánchez Laurel (May 24, 1941 – February 21, 2019) was a Mexican artist and art professor at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Her career has been recognized by membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, and awards from the state of Baja California, the Palacio de Bellas Artes and the International Coordination of Women in Art among others.
Subrata Adak
Subrata Adak is an Indian biochemist and a senior scientist at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology. An alumnus of Jadavpur University from where he secured a PhD, Adak is known for his studies on Leishmania, the causative pathogen of Leishmaniasis. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 55 of them. Besides, he has published one monograph on Leishmania where he has also contributed chapters. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2012.

Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB) is a biomedical research centre in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Established in 1935 as Indian Institute of Experimental Medicine (IIEM), it was inducted under the aegis of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1956 and renamed to its present form in 1982. It has 6 R&D divisions:- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Cell Biology & Physiology, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Molecular & Human Genetics, and Structural Biology & Bioinformatics.
Hilina Slump
The Hilina Slump, on the south flank of the Kīlauea Volcano on the southeast coast of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, is the most notable of several landslides that ring each of the Hawaiian Islands. These landslides are the means by which material deposited at a volcano's vents are transferred downward and seaward, eventually spilling onto the seabed to broaden the island.

Kīlauea's entire south flank, extending out to Cape Kumukahi, is currently sliding seaward, with some parts of the central portion (overlooking the Hilina slump) moving as much as 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) per year, pushed by the forceful injection of magma and pulled by gravity.

Current movement of the Hilina slump and recent volcanic activity, coupled with evidence of massive submarine slides in the geological past, has led to claims that megatsunamis might result if the south flank of Kīlauea should suddenly fail.

Décollement
Décollement (from French  décoller 'to detach from') is a gliding plane between two rock masses, also known as a basal detachment fault.  Décollements are a deformational structure, resulting in independent styles of deformation in the rocks above and below the fault. They are associated with both compressional settings (involving folding and overthrusting) and extensional settings.
National Security Agency (Bahrain)
The National Security Agency (NSA) or Bahrain Intelligence Agency (BIA1) (Arabic: جهاز الأمن الوطني) is an investigative authority, and secret police agency, in Bahrain that is associated with but not formally part of the Ministry of the Interior. The NSA was formed after King Hamad issued Decree No. 14 of 2002 declaring it as the replacement of the General Directorate for State Security Investigations. The NSA was granted the power to make arrests by a 2008 royal decree, and lost this power in 2011, again by royal decree.

House of Khalifa
The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. They profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe. Some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which migrated from Najd in central Arabia to Kuwait, then ruled all of Qatar, more specifically Al Zubarah, which they built and ruled over before settling in Bahrain in the early 17th century. The current head of the family is King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and proclaimed himself King of Bahrain in 2002, in fact becoming a constitutional monarch.

As of 2025, roughly half of the serving cabinet ministers of Bahrain were members of the Al Khalifa royal family, while the country's Prime Minister, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the son of the current King.
Rykiv, Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast
Rykiv (Ukrainian: Ри́ків, Polish: Ryków) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is located in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Rykiv  belongs to Koziova rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Local government — Rykivska village council.
The village is situated along the river Holovchanka (Khitarka, Vandrivka ) and is located at a distance 141 kilometres (88 mi) from the regional center of Lviv, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from the district center Skole, and 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the urban village Slavske.
The first record of the village dates back to 1608.

Until 18 July 2020, Rykiv belonged to Skole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.

Slavsko
Slavsko (Ukrainian: Славсько; Polish: Sławsko) is a rural settlement in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level close to the city of Skole, 130 kilometres (81 mi) southwest of Lviv. Slavsko is a rural settlement and a popular ski resort in the Skole Beskids range of the Carpathian Mountains in western Ukraine. It is one of the biggest Ukrainian winter sports centers. It hosts the administration of Slavsko settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,537 (2022 estimate).
Elizavetpol uezd
The Elizavetpol uezd, also known as the Ganja uezd after 1918, was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolition in 1929. The area of the Elizavetpol uezd corresponds to the modern-day Gadabay, Shamkir, Dashkasan, Goygol, and Samukh districts of Azerbaijan.

Goygol District
Goygol District (Azerbaijani: Göygöl rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan, situated in the western part of the country within the  Ganja-Dashkasan Economic Region. The district is bordered by districts of Goranboy, Kalbajar, Dashkasan, Shamkir, Samukh, and the city of Ganja. Its administrative center and largest city is Goygol, close to the Goygol Lake. Originally established in the early 19th century as "Helenendorf" by German settlers, the area has evolved into a key region for agriculture and tourism in Azerbaijan. As of 2020, Goygol District has a population of approximately 64,600 residents.
The Succubus (sculpture)
The Succubus is a bronze sculpture with a green and dark brown patina. It was originally conceived in 1889 by the French artist Auguste Rodin as part of a set of works showing sirens and Nereids. It later formed part of his state-commissioned monument to Victor Hugo. It is now in the Museo Soumaya in Mexico City.

Museo Soumaya
The Museo Soumaya is a private museum in Mexico City and a non-profit cultural institution with two museum buildings in Mexico City — Plaza Carso and Plaza Loreto. It has over 66,000 works from 30 centuries of art including sculptures from Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, 19th- and 20th-century Mexican art and an extensive repertoire of works by European old masters and masters of modern western art such as Auguste Rodin, Salvador Dalí, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo and Tintoretto. It is called one of the most complete collections of its kind.

The museum is named after Soumaya Domit, who died in 1999, and was the wife of the founder of the museum Carlos Slim. The museum received an attendance of 1,095,000 in 2013, making it the most visited art museum in Mexico and the 56th in the world that year. In October 2015, the museum welcomed its five millionth visitor. The museum was designed by Slim's son-in-law, Fernando Romero's practice, fr·ee.
Beit HaLevi
Beit HaLevi (Hebrew: בֵּית הַלֵּוִי, lit. 'House of the Levite') is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 811.

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
Supertask
A supertask is a countably infinite sequence of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time. Supertasks are called hypertasks when the number of operations is uncountable. A hypertask that includes one task for each ordinal number is called an ultratask. The term "supertask" was coined by the philosopher James F. Thomson, who devised Thomson's lamp. The term "hypertask" derives from Clark and Read in their paper of that name.

Uncountable set
In mathematics, an uncountable set, informally, is an infinite set that contains too many elements to be countable. The uncountability of a set is closely related to its cardinal number: a set is uncountable if its cardinal number is larger than aleph-null, the cardinality of the natural numbers.

Examples of uncountable sets include the set ⁠⁠ of all real numbers and set of all subsets of the natural numbers.
Gaokao
The Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges (普通高等学校招生全国统一考试), commonly abbreviated as the Gaokao (高考; 'Higher Exam'; also interpreted as the National College Entrance Examination), is the annual nationally-coordinated provincially-administered undergraduate admission exam in mainland China, held in early June. Despite the name, the exam is conducted at the provincial level, with variations determined by provincial governments, under the central coordination of the Ministry of Education of China.

Gaokao is required for undergraduate admissions to all higher education institutions in the country. It is taken by high school students at the end of their final year.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Nesprin
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are a family of proteins that are found primarily in the outer nuclear membrane, as well as other subcellular compartments. They contain a C-terminal KASH transmembrane domain and are part of the LINC complex (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) which is a protein network that associates the nuclear envelope (the membrane surrounding the nucleus) to the cytoskeleton, outside the nucleus, and the nuclear lamina, inside the nucleus. Nesprin-1 and -2 bind to the actin filaments. Nesprin-3 binds to plectin, which is bound to the intermediate filaments, while nesprin-4 interacts with kinesin-1.

Nesprin mediated connections to the cytoskeleton provides mechanosensory functions in cells, as the absence or disruption of Nesprin family members at the nuclear envelope interferes with the cell's ability to sense and respond to mechanical challenges.

Plectin
Plectin is a giant protein found in nearly all mammalian cells which acts as a link between the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.  In addition, plectin links the cytoskeleton to junctions found in the plasma membrane that structurally connect different cells. By holding these different networks together, plectin plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical integrity and viscoelastic properties of tissues.
Joachim Ehrig
Joachim Werner Ehrig (born 21 February 1947) is a German retired rower who specialized in the coxless fours. He won a silver medal in the event at the 1970 World Rowing Championships and bronze medals at the 1971 European Championships and 1972 Summer Olympics.

In recognition of his Olympic achievement, Ehrig was awarded the Silver Bay Leaf, Germany's highest sports honor. Domestically, he won three West German national titles, underscoring his prominence in the national rowing scene

1970 World Rowing Championships
The 1970 World Rowing Championships was the 3rd World Rowing Championships. It was held in 1970 at the Royal Canadian Henley Rowing Course in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The competition involved seven events. Prior to the 4th World Rowing Championships in 1974, only men competed.
Drukčiji Radio
Drukčiji Radio is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music, talk shows and local news.

Program is mainly produced in Croatian at one FM frequency (Novi Travnik 94.7 MHz) and it is available in the city of Novi Travnik as well as in nearby municipalities in Central Bosnia Canton area.

Estimated number of listeners of Drukčiji Radio is around 105.858.

Central Bosnia Canton
The Central Bosnia Canton (Bosnian: Srednjobosanski kanton/Средњобосански кантон, Croatian: Kanton Središnja Bosna; Serbian: Средњобосански кантон, romanized: Srednjobosanski kanton) is a federated state and one of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The most populous settlement in the region is Bugojno, followed by Travnik and Novi Travnik.
Birkner
Birkner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bautista Saubidet Birkner (born 1995), Argentine sailor

Carolina Birkner (born 1971), Argentine skier

Cristian Javier Simari Birkner (born 1980), Argentine skier

Francisco Saubidet Birkner (born 1998), Argentine sailor

Hans-Joachim Birkner (1921–1944), German Luftwaffe fighter ace

Ignacio Birkner (born 1971), Argentine skier

Jorge Birkner (born 1964), Argentine skier

Jorge Birkner Ketelhohn (born 1990), Argentine skier

Macarena Simari Birkner (born 1984), Argentine skier

Magdalena Birkner (born 1966), Argentine skier

María Belén Simari Birkner (born 1982), Argentine skier

Nicola Birkner (born 1969), German sailor

Stefan Birkner (born 1973), German politician

Tomás Birkner de Miguel (born 1997), Argentine alpine ski racer

Wolfgang Birkner (1913–1945), Nazi war criminal

Francisco Saubidet
Francisco Cruz Saubidet Birkner (born 5 October 1998) is an Argentine sport sailor. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. His brother Bautista Saubidet Birkner is also an Olympic Athlete. He is the son of Magdalena Birkner.