hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coulstone, Missouri
Coulstone is an unincorporated community in western Dent County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on Missouri Route 32 adjacent to the Dent-Texas county line. Licking is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) to the west and Salem is approximately 14 miles (23 km) to the northeast along Route 32. Pigeon Creek flows past the community.

Texas County, Missouri
Texas County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,487. Its county seat is Houston. The county was organized in 1843 as Ashley County. Its name was changed in 1845 to Texas County, after the Republic of Texas. The 2010 U.S. Census indicates that the county was the center of population for the United States.
Barbecue in South Carolina
South Carolina is home to several distinct styles of barbecue characterized by different cuts of meat, types of barbecue sauce and preparation. It is particularly well known for the heavy emphasis on pork and the popularity of a mustard-based barbecue sauce in the central part of the state.

Barbecue sauce
Barbecue sauce (also abbreviated as BBQ sauce) is a sauce used as a marinade, basting, condiment, or topping for meat cooked in the barbecue cooking style, including pork, beef, and chicken. It is a ubiquitous condiment in the Southern United States and is used on many other foods as well.

Ingredients vary depending on area, but most include vinegar or tomato paste (or a combination) as a base, as well as a combination of onion powder, spices such as mustard and black pepper, and sweeteners such as sugar or molasses.
Pacific Alliance
The Pacific Alliance (Spanish: Alianza del Pacífico) is a Latin American trade bloc, formed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which all border the Pacific Ocean. The alliance was formed with the express purpose of improving regional integration and moving toward complete freedom in the movement of goods, services, capital and people between the four member states. Together, these four countries have a combined population of more than 230 million people and make up roughly 35 percent of Latin American GDP.

Lima Stock Exchange
The Lima Stock Exchange (Spanish: Bolsa de Valores de Lima, BVL) is the stock exchange of Peru, located in the capital Lima. It has several indices. The S&P/BVL Peru General Index (formerly IGBVL) is a value-weighted index that tracks the performance of the largest and most frequently traded stocks on the Lima Exchange.

Other indices are S&P/BVL Peru Select and S&P/BVL Lima 25.

The Lima Stock Exchange is a member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative.

Sectors in the Lima Stock Exchange:

Sector Agriculture

Sector Banks and Finance

Sector Diversified

Sector Industries

Sector Mining

Sector Services
Abbot-Battles House
The Abbot-Battles House is a historic house in Andover, Massachusetts.  Built about 1809 as a farmhouse for a member of the locally prominent Abbot family, it is a good example of Federal period architecture, with later Victorian additions.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.
Zorlențu Mare
Zorlențu Mare (Hungarian: Alsózorlenc) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania, with a population of 873 people as of 2021. It is composed of two villages, Zorlencior (Felsőzorlenc) and Zorlențu Mare.

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Gauss's lemma (number theory)
Gauss's lemma in number theory gives a condition for an integer to be a quadratic residue. Although it is not useful computationally, it has theoretical significance, being involved in some proofs of quadratic reciprocity.

It made its first appearance in Carl Friedrich Gauss's third proof (1808): 458–462  of quadratic reciprocity and he proved it again in his fifth proof (1818).: 496–501

Algebraic number field
In mathematics, an algebraic number field (or simply number field) is an extension field  of the field of rational numbers  such that the field extension  has finite degree (and hence is an algebraic field extension).
Thus  is a field that contains  and has finite dimension when considered as a vector space over .

The study of algebraic number fields, that is, of algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers, is the central topic of algebraic number theory. This study reveals hidden structures behind the rational numbers, by using algebraic methods.
Phú Riềng district
Phú Riềng is a rural district of Bình Phước province in the Southeast region of Vietnam.

Phú Riềng district was formed from the southern portion of Bù Gia Mập district on May 11, 2015.

The district is subdivided to 8 rural communes: Bình Sơn, Bình Tân, Bù Nho, Long Bình, Long Hà, Long Hưng, Long Tân, Phú Riềng, Phú Trung, Phước Tân. The district capital lies at Bù Nho commune.

Southeast (Vietnam)
Đông Nam Bộ (literally "Southeast region") is a region in Southern Vietnam. This region includes one municipality, Ho Chi Minh City; and five provinces: Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Bình Phước and Tây Ninh. The two south central provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. This region is the most economically developed region in Vietnam. In 2006, this region contributed 148,000 billion VND (equal to $9.25 billion) out of 251,000 billion VND to the state budget.  This region is also the most highly urbanized in the country with more than 50% people living in urban areas (while the equivalent figure for Vietnam is just 25%).
Connectedness theorem
In mathematics, the connectedness theorem may be one of

Deligne's connectedness theorem

Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem

Grothendieck's connectedness theorem

Hartshorne's connectedness theorem

Zariski's connectedness theorem, a generalization of Zariski's main theorem

Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem
In mathematics, the Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem is a result from intersection theory in algebraic geometry, for the case of subvarieties of projective space with codimension large enough to make the intersection have components of dimension at least 1.  It is named after William Fulton and Johan Hansen, who proved it in 1979.

The formal statement is that if V and W are irreducible algebraic subvarieties of a projective space P, all over an algebraically closed field, and if

in terms of the dimension of an algebraic variety, then the intersection U of V and W is connected.

More generally, the theorem states that if  is a projective variety and  is any morphism such that , then  is connected, where  is the diagonal in .  The special case of intersections is recovered by taking , with  the natural inclusion.
Nokia 3210
The Nokia 3210 is a GSM cell phone, announced by Nokia at the CeBIT fair on March 18, 1999, alongside the Nokia 7110. Succeeding the Nokia 5110, the 3210 handset was competitively priced and targeted specifically at teenagers and young professionals, adding a number of capabilities such as T9 predictive text. It was notably the first consumer-grade mobile phone without a protruding external antenna.

CeBIT
CeBIT was a computer expo which, at its peak, was the largest and most internationally representative. The trade fair was held each year on the Hanover fairground, the world's largest fairground, in Hanover, Germany. In its day, it was considered a barometer of current trends and a measure of the state of the art in information technology. It was organized by Deutsche Messe AG.

With an exhibition area of roughly 450,000 m2 (4.8 million ft2) and a peak attendance of 850,000 visitors during the dot-com boom, it was larger both in area and attendance than its Asian counterpart COMPUTEX and its no-longer held American equivalent COMDEX. CeBIT is a German language acronym for Centrum für Büroautomation, Informationstechnologie und Telekommunikation, which translates as "Center for Office Automation, Information Technology and Telecommunication".

The final CeBIT took place in 2018.
Luftflotte 3
Luftflotte 3 (Air Fleet 3) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.  It was formed on 1 February 1939 from Luftwaffengruppenkommando 3 in Munich and redesignated Luftwaffenkommando West (Air Command West) on 26 September 1944. This Luftwaffe detachment was based in German-occupied areas of Northern France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Vichy France, to support the Axis power's forces in area. Its command offices were in Paris, France (on 26 June 1944).

Melun Villaroche Aerodrome
Paris Villaroche (Melun) Aerodrome (French: Aérodrome de Paris Villaroche (Melun)) (ICAO: LFPM) is an aerodrome located 8.5 km (4.6 NM) north of Melun, a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

The airport is located 5 km (3.1 mi) east-southeast of Moissy-Cramayel and 34 km (21 mi) southeast of Paris.
Kaarlimõisa
Kaarlimõisa is a village in Kastre Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities, it was part of Mäksa Parish.

Kaarlimõisa's history as a populated place dates from the 18th-century, on the remains of the former Pungar farm in the former village of Kokuta of the Kastre manor cattle estate. The cattle estate had been developed already at the end of the 18th century, when it was acquired in 1790 by Baltic German landowner Carl Otto von Löwenstern, from which it is believed it takes its name (Kaarl from Carl, and mõisa meaning manor). Earlier recorded names for the estate included Karlsberg in 1826 and Carlseberg in 1847.

The village of Kaarlimõisa was officially established in the early 20th-century, following the Estonian War of Independence, during the interwar period. In 1939, the village name was recorded as Kaarli, and from 1977, Kaarlimõisa. In 1977, the village of Telliskivi was merged with Kaarlimõisa.

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
Raman Uppal
Raman Uppal is a Canadian and British economist and academic. He is a professor of finance at the EDHEC Business School in London.

Uppal's research has focused on finance, asset pricing, portfolio selection, and incomplete markets. His works have been published in academic journals such as the American Economic Review, The Journal of Finance, and The Review of Financial Studies.

EDHEC Business School
The École des Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord, commonly known as EDHEC Business School or simply EDHEC, is a French business school and grande école founded in 1906. It has campuses in Lille, Nice, and Paris, as well as in London and Singapore.

EDHEC is accredited by EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA (triple accreditation). In 2019, EDHEC had 8,600 students enrolled in traditional graduate and undergraduate programmes, 245 exchange and double-degree agreements, and an alumni network of more than 40,000 members across 125 countries.

EDHEC Business School is generally ranked among the top 5 business schools in France and the top 10 in Europe.
Charest (surname)
Charest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benoît Charest (born 1964), Canadian composer and guitarist

Isabelle Charest (born 1971), Canadian short track speed skater

Jean Charest (born 1958), Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec

Johanne Charest (born 1975), Canadian chess master

Micheline Charest (1953–2004), Canadian television producer

Nancy Charest (1959–2014), Canadian politician

Réal Charest, Canadian politician

Solange Charest (born 1950), Canadian politician

Travis Charest (born 1969), Canadian comic book artist, penciller and painter

Benoît Charest
Benoît Charest (French pronunciation: [bənwa ʃaʁɛ]; born in 1964) is a Canadian guitarist and film score composer from Quebec. He is best known for the soundtrack of the animated film The Triplets of Belleville (Les Triplettes de Belleville) (2003), for which he won a César Award for Best Music Written for a Film as well as a Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Music. The song "Belleville Rendez-vous", in particular, earned him an Academy Award nomination as well as a Grammy Award nomination.
Black Pyramid
The Black Pyramid (Egyptian Arabic: الهرم الأسود‎, romanized: al-Haram al-ʾAswad) was built by King Amenemhat III during the late Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2055–1650 BC).

It is one of the five remaining pyramids of the original 11 pyramids at Dahshur in Egypt. Originally named Amenemhet is Mighty, the pyramid earned the name Black Pyramid for its dark, decaying appearance as a rubble mound. The Black Pyramid was the first to house both the deceased king and his queens. Jacques de Morgan, on a French mission, began the excavation on the pyramids at Dahshur in 1892. The German Archaeological Institute of Cairo completed excavation in 1983.

Jacques de Morgan
Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857 – 14 June 1924)  was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist. He was the Director of Antiquities for the government of Egypt from 1892 to 1897, and excavated in Memphis and Dahshur, providing many drawings of many Egyptian pyramids. De Morgan also worked at Stonehenge, and Persepolis, and many other sites.

In Russian Armenia, De Morgan was the manager of a copper mine at Akhtala. "The Caucasus is of special interest in the study of the origins of metals; it is the easternmost point from which prehistoric remains are known; older than Europe and Greece, it still retains the traces of those civilizations that were the cradle of our own."

In 1887-89 he unearthed 576 graves around Alaverdi and Akhatala, near the Tiflis-Alexandropol railway line.
Char Dham
The Char Dham (Hindi: चारधाम, romanized: Cārdhām transl. the four abodes), or the Chatur Dhama (Sanskrit: चतुर्धाम, romanized: Caturdhāma), is a set of four Hindu pilgrimage sites in India, consisting of Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri and Rameswaram. Badrinath, Dwarka, and Puri are shrines of Vishnu, whereas Rameswaram is a shrine of Shiva.

Defined by Adi Shankara, each dhāma represents a particular yuga, with Badrinath representing Satya Yuga, Rameswaram representing Treta Yuga, Dwarka representing Dvapara Yuga, and Puri representing Kali Yuga. Many Hindus believe that visiting these sites can help them achieve moksha.

The Char Dham is not to be confused with the Chota Char Dham which comprises Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, Badrinath. It is a Hindu pilgrimage circuit in Uttarakhand which was named by the religious tourism industry.

Yuga
A yuga, in Hinduism, is generally used to indicate an age of time.

In the Rigveda, a yuga refers to generations, a period of time (whether long or short), or a yoke (joining of two things). In the Mahabharata, the words yuga and kalpa (a day of Brahma) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction.

In post-Vedic texts, the words  "yuga" and "age" commonly denote a catur-yuga (pronounced chatur yuga), a cycle of four world ages—for example, in the Surya Siddhanta and Bhagavad Gita (part of the Mahabharata)—unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: Krita (Satya) Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, or Kali Yuga.

The term "yuga" can represent the number four. In early Indian astronomy, it referred to a five-year cycle starting with the conjunction of the sun and moon in the autumnal equinox.
Sugar Creek Gang
Sugar Creek Gang is a series of 36 Christian-themed children's literature books written by Paul Hutchens. The original series is set near Thorntown, Indiana, and named for the nearby Sugar Creek, based upon the formative years of Paul and his six brothers, and chronicles adventure situations told from a faith-based didactic perspective. The first book, The Sugar Creek Gang, was published in 1940; the final installment, The Brown Box Mystery, appeared in 1970. During the 1950s, Hutchens received oral and written feedback from his readers "that they practically grew up on Sugar Creek books as their main reading diet during juvenile days." In 2001, Pauline Hutchens Wilson took over her father's books with the release of The Case of the Red Hot Possum as the first book in "The New Sugar Creek Gang" series.

Didacticism
Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasises instructional and informative qualities in literature, art, and design. In art, design, architecture, and landscape, didacticism is a conceptual approach that is driven by the urgent need to explain.
Roger Matthews (criminologist)
Roger Matthews (1948 – 7 April 2020 ), was a British criminologist. He was a professor of criminology at the University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom. Prior to joining the University of Kent, he was a professor of criminology at London South Bank University and Middlesex University.

Matthews is known as one of the key figures in left realism, a criminological critique of both the dominant administrative criminology and the critical criminology ("left idealism").

He died on 7 April 2020 at the age of 71 from the effects of the COVID-19 virus.

University of Kent
The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as UKC) is a public research university in Kent, United Kingdom. Founded by royal charter in 1965, Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent served as its first Chancellor.

The university's principal campus occupies 300 acres of land overlooking the World Heritage Site of Canterbury Cathedral, and also maintains a campus in Medway and a postgraduate centre in Paris. The university is international, with students from 158 different nationalities and 41% of its academic and research staff being from outside the United Kingdom. It is a member of the Santander Network of European universities encouraging social and economic development.

Alumni include two Nobel laureates in literature — Sir Kazuo Ishiguro, and Abdulrazak Gurnah — as well as prominent individuals in politics, media, and law.
CBS News 24/7
CBS News 24/7 (formerly known as CBSN and the CBS News Streaming Network) is an American streaming video news channel operated by the CBS News and Paramount Streaming divisions of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Launched on November 6, 2014, it features blocks of live, rolling news coverage, original programs, as well as encore airings of CBS News television programs.

It is available on all streaming devices, via the CBS News website and mobile app, apps on digital media players, co-owned Paramount+ and Pluto TV, and other free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) services.

The success of CBSN prompted CBS to launch similar services for sports and entertainment news—CBS Sports HQ and ET Live—in 2018, in conjunction with CBS Sports and Entertainment Tonight respectively. In December of that year, CBS also began extending the concept to its local television stations, launching streaming local news services in the markets of the network's owned-and-operated stations.

Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States
In the United States, owned-and-operated television stations (frequently abbreviated as O&Os) constitute only a portion of their parent television networks' station bodies, due to ownership limits imposed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Currently, the total number of television stations owned by any company (including a television network) can only reach a maximum of 39% of all U.S. households; in the past, the ownership limit was much lower, and was determined by a specific number of television stations rather than basing the limits on total market coverage.
Viola renifolia
Viola renifolia is a species of violet known by the common names white violet and kidneyleaf violet. It is native to northern North America, where it has a widespread distribution across Canada and the northern United States as far south as Washington, Colorado, and New York.

Kidneyleaf violet is a perennial herb growing up to 10 centimeters tall. It does not have stems, rhizomes, or stolons. The kidney-shaped leaf blades are 3 to 6 centimeters long and are borne on petioles up to 15 centimeters long. The flower is 1 to 1.5 centimeters long and white in color with purple lines on the lower three petals. The fruit is a purplish capsule.

This violet grows in white spruce and black spruce forests, and temperate coniferous forests. Near the Great Lakes it grows in swamps and wooded areas.

Stolon
In biology, a stolon (/ˈstoʊlɒn/ ⓘ from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as a runner, is a horizontal connection between parts of an organism. It may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton. Typically, animal stolons are exoskeletons (external skeletons).
Korwin-Szymanowski family
The Korwin-Szymanowski family (Polish plural: Korwin-Szymanowscy, feminine singular: Korwin-Szymanowska) are Polish nobles who probably took their surname from the village of Szymany near Szczuczyn, in the Masovia region of Poland in the Late Middle Ages. From the 16th-century onwards they were landowners and office holders in Masovia. In the 18th century during the Partitions of Poland, the family adopted the prefix "Korwin" to distinguish their lineage from other families bearing the same name. At the tail end of  the 1790s a branch of the family settled on the Dnieper river in what is now Ukraine and produced a number of noted writers and musicians among whom was the composer, Karol Szymanowski.

Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Masovian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Mazowieckie) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1526 to the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1795. Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province of Masovia. Its area was divided into ten lands. The seat of the voivode was Warsaw, local sejmiks also convened in Warsaw, at St. Martin's church.
Santiago Tilantongo
Santiago Tilantongo is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. It is part of the Nochixtlán District in the southeast of the Mixteca Region.

As of 2005, Santiago Tilantongo had a total population of 3,348 living in 827 residences. Almost half speak an indigenous language, and all but about 200 are Roman Catholic. The municipality has a pre-school, an elementary school and a telesecundaria, as well as a rural medical clinic, a tianguis market, and a Dominican church. The church dates from the early colonial era and has a number of excellent santos, statues of saints, many done in fine polychrome and some dating to the 16th and 17th centuries.

Santos used in Holy Week observances

A very old Señor de la Misericordia given a modern loincloth.

El Dios de la Peña

Mixteca Region
The Mixteca Region is a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the broader La Mixteca area which covers parts of the states of Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
The region includes the districts of Juxtlahuaca, Silacayoapam, Huajuapan, Coixtlahuaca, Teposcolula, Tlaxiaco and Nochixtlán. The largest cities are Huajuapan and Tlaxiaco.
According to the 2020 census the region had 452,429 people over the age of five, of which 227,680 spoke Mixteco.