hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bismuth sulfite agar
Bismuth sulfite agar is a type of agar media used to isolate Salmonella species. It uses glucose as a primary source of carbon. Bismuth and brilliant green (dye) both inhibit gram-positive growth. Bismuth sulfite agar tests the ability to use ferrous sulfate and convert it to hydrogen sulfide.

Bismuth sulfite agar typically contains (w/v):

1.6% bismuth sulfite Bi2(SO3)3
1.0% pancreatic digest of casein
1.0% pancreatic digest of animal tissue
1.0% beef extract
1.0% glucose
0.8% dibasic sodium phosphate
0.06% ferrous sulfate • 7 water
pH adjusted to 7.7 at 25 °C

This medium is boiled for sterility, not autoclaved.

Meat extract
Meat extract is highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from beef or chicken. It is used to add meat flavor in cooking, and to make broth for soups and other liquid-based foods.

Meat extract was invented by Baron Justus von Liebig, a German 19th-century organic chemist. Liebig specialised in chemistry and the classification of food and wrote a paper on how the nutritional value of a meat is lost by boiling. Liebig's view was that meat juices, as well as the fibres, contained much important nutritional value and that these were lost by boiling or cooking in unenclosed vessels. Fuelled by a desire to help feed the undernourished, in 1840 he developed a concentrated beef extract, Extractum carnis Liebig, to provide a nutritious meat substitute for those unable to afford the real thing. However, it took 30 kg of meat to produce 1 kg of extract, making the extract too expensive.
Robert Simpson-Anderson
Vice-Admiral Robert Claude Simpson-Anderson SSAS SD SM MMM SAN (Rtd) (born July 1942 in Pretoria, South Africa) is a former Chief of the South African Navy (1 September 1992 – 31 October 2000)

He joined the Navy in 1964 and completed a BMil. In 1977 he commanded the Navy's first Strike Craft, SAS Jan Smuts. In 1978 he completed an MBL via Unisa. In 1984 he became the OC of SAS Scorpion, the Strike Craft Flotilla and in 1986 as a Commodore, the Officer Commanding of the South African Military Academy in Saldhana. At the end of 1990 he was promoted to rear admiral and posted as Chief of Naval Support.

Warrior-class strike craft
The Warrior-class strike craft (ex Minister class) are in service with the South African Navy, with the design being a modified Sa'ar 4 (Reshef)-class fast attack craft. The class was initially known as the Minister class as all the boats were named after South African Ministers of Defence, before being renamed Warrior-class after 1994. The strike craft flotilla was known as SAS Scorpion.
Nurgush Nature Reserve
Nurgush Nature Reserve (Russian: Нургуш заповедник) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) One of the few intact forest landscapes of Northern European Russia, virtually untouched by human activities.   It is designed to protect the floodplain complexes of the Vyatka River, numerous lakes and coniferous-deciduous forests.   The reserved is situated in the Kotelnichsky District of Kirov Oblast.  The reserve was created in 1994, but has been a protected area since at least 1952 when it was organized as a beaver reserve; it covers an area of 5,918 ha (22.85 sq mi).

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
The Deal (2008 film)
The Deal is a 2008 American satirical comedy film directed by Steven Schachter. The screenplay by Schachter and William H. Macy is based on the 1991 novel of the same title by Peter Lefcourt. Macy and Meg Ryan co-star.

The film was shot in Cape Town and other South African locations. It premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was the opening night attraction at the Sarasota Film Festival. It also was shown at the Philadelphia Film Festival, the Maui Film Festival, and the Traverse City Film Festival, among others, but never was given a theatrical release in the United States. It was released on Region 1 DVD on January 20, 2009.

Philadelphia Film Festival
The Philadelphia Film Festival is a film festival founded by the Philadelphia Film Society and held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The annual festival is held at various theater venues throughout the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Jón Steinsson
Jón Steinsson (born 1976) is an Icelandic-American economist specializing in macroeconomics and monetary economics. He is the Chancellor's Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, a research associate and co-director of the Monetary Economics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), and serves as an associate editor of both American Economic Review: Insights and the Quarterly Journal of Economics.

Steinsson received his PhD in economics from Harvard University and his AB from Princeton University. His research focuses on monetary and fiscal policy, business cycles, and the impact of government spending on economic activity. Together with his spouse and frequent co-author, Emi Nakamura, he has published widely cited work on price stickiness, fiscal multipliers, and the empirical foundations of New Keynesian models.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Anne Fontaine Foundation
The Anne Fontaine Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization created in 2011 by the Franco-Brazilian fashion designer Anne Fontaine. Based in New York City, it "aims to encourage reforestation and to concentrate its financial resources specifically on the protection of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil".

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Francisco Sanches
Francisco Sanches (/ˈsɑːntʃɛs/; Spanish: [ˈsantʃes]; c. 1550 – November 16, 1623) was a Hispano-Portuguese skeptic, philosopher and physician of Sephardi Jewish origin, born possibly in Tui, Spain or probably in Braga, Portugal (where he was baptized and grew up).

Tui, Pontevedra
Tuy (Galician pronunciation: [ˈtuj]; Spanish: Tuy) is a municipality in the province of Pontevedra, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is located in the comarca of Bajo Miño on the right bank of the Miño River, facing the Portuguese town of Valença. The municipality of Tui is composed of 11 parishes: Randufe, Malvas, Pexegueiro, Areas, Pazos de Reyes, Rebordáns, Ribadelouro, Guillarey, Paramos, Baldráns and Caldelas.

Two bridges connect Tuy and Valença: Tui International Bridge (known in Portugal as Valença International Bridge or "Friendship Bridge"), completed in 1878 under the direction of Pelayo Mancebo, and a modern one from the 1990s. Both Portugal and Spain being signatories of the Schengen Treaty, there are normally no formalities in crossing what is the busiest border-point in northern Portugal.
Nizhneye Inkhelo
Nizhneye Inkhelo (Russian: Нижнее Инхело; Avar: Гъоркьинхело) is a rural locality (a selo) in Botlikhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,113 as of 2010. There are 17 streets.

Botlikhsky District
Botlikhsky District (Russian: Ботлихский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the  west of the republic. The area of the district is 500 square kilometers (190 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Botlikh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 54,322, with the population of Botlikh accounting for 22.4% of that number.
Kaal (2007 film)
Kaal  ( Bengali: কাল, transl. Our Time) is a Bengali film released on 6 January 2007. The film directed by Bappaditya Bandopadhyay stars Chandrayee Ghosh, and Rudranil Ghosh in lead roles.

It was selected for screening at the Cairo International Film Festival, 2007, the São Paulo International Film Festival 2007 and the Stockholm International Film Festival 2007. Incidentally, this is the third successive year that Bandopadhyay's film is being screened at São Paulo International Film Festival. The film was already successfully screened at the Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema, 2007, where it was one of the Indian films competing in the festival.

Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema
Osian's-Cinefan was one of Asia's leading film festivals devoted to Asian and Arab cinema, and was part of Osian's Film House Division. The festival celebrated its 10th anniversary in July 2008. After a two-year break, the 12th staging of the festival took place in July 2012. It has been discontinued since.
Siódemka, Łódź Voivodeship
Siódemka [ɕuˈdɛmka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieńsk, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Kamieńsk, 24 km (15 mi) north of Radomsko, and 57 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
David Boman
David Boman (February 2, 1888 – December 10, 1956) was a Swedish politician from Mörlunda, Kalmar. He was a member of the Centre Party. Boman was a member of the Swedish parliament (lower chamber) where he represented the Stockholm constituency between 1945 and 1952.

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.
Peking University Third Hospital
Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH, PUH3, Chinese: 北京大学第三医院) is public district general hospital was founded in 1958 under the supervision of the Ministry of Health. It is affiliated with Peking University including 36 clinical departments and 1,752 clinic beds. The hospital is a combination of medical services, medical education/teaching, research and prevention as well as health care, comprehensive hospital in the first-rate of three levels that set by China government.

First-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, first-rate was the designation for the largest ships of the line. Originating in the Jacobean era with the designation of Ships Royal capable of carrying at least 400 men, the size and establishment of first-rates evolved over the following 250 years to eventually denote ships of the line carrying at least 80 guns across three gundecks. By the end of the eighteenth century, a first-rate carried no fewer than 100 guns and more than 850 crew, and had a measurement (burthen) tonnage of some 2,000 tons.
Leszek of Inowrocław
Leszek of Inowrocław (pl: Leszek inowrocławski; 1275/76 – after 27 April 1339), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Inowrocław from 1287 to 1314 (under the regency of his mother until 1294), Duke of Pomerelia (Gdańsk Pomerania) in 1296, and ruler over Wyszogród from 1296. In 1300 he paid homage to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, in 1303 sold to the Teutonic Order the Michałów Land, during 1303–1312 in captivity in Bohemia, since 1312 vassal of the Kingdom of Poland, during 1314-1320/24 sole ruler over Inowrocław, abdicated.

He was the eldest son of Ziemomysł of Inowrocław and Salome, daughter of Sambor II, Duke of Pomerelia.

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (Czech: Václav II.; Polish: Wacław II Czeski; 27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305).

He was the only surviving son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Prince of Kiev, and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. His great-grandfather was the German king Philip of Swabia. Wenceslaus II was the grandfather of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.
Edward W. Price (engineer)
Edward W. Price (1920 – June 11, 2012) was an engineer who worked in the field of solid rocket propellants, primarily at the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), where he made contributions to ignition, combustion instabilities, fuel components, and the "T-burner" method of testing. After 30 years at NOTS, he moved to Georgia Tech in 1974 to continue his propellant work, being promoted to Regents' Professor in 1986, and retiring in 1991. He was recognized with the NASA Public Service Award in 1988 and elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2000 for "critical contributions to the understanding of solid propellant combustion and solid rockets developments".

NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal
NASA's Exceptional Public Service Medal is a United States government award awarded to any non-Government individual or to an individual who was not a Government employee during the period in which the service was performed for sustained performance that embodies multiple contributions on NASA projects, programs, or initiatives.

The criteria must include all of the following:

Sustained performance has made a significant improvement to NASA deliverables, operations, or image;

Employee's record of achievements sets a benchmark for other non-Government contributors to follow; substantial improvement to a NASA program that yielded high quality results or improvements;

Impact and importance of the employee's services have made a lasting impact on the success of the Agency
Tours of the Black Clock
Tours of the Black Clock is the third novel by Steve Erickson, published in 1989. It has been translated into French, Spanish, Dutch and Japanese among other languages. The narrative concerns itself with two of the most influential figures of the 20th century, as Adolf Hitler appears as an important character, and allusions are made to Albert Einstein and the theory of relativity. The novel was cited as one of the year's best by the Village Voice and the New York Times Book Review and is included on Larry McCaffery's list of the 20th Century’s Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction.

Larry McCaffery
Lawrence F. McCaffery Jr. (born May 13, 1946) is an American literary critic, editor, and retired professor of English and comparative literature at San Diego State University. His work and teaching focuses on postmodern literature, contemporary fiction, and Bruce Springsteen. He also played a role in helping to establish science fiction as a major literary genre.
1814 Ohio's 6th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Ohio's 6th congressional district on June 7, 1814, to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Reasin Beall (DR) to accept an appointment to the Federal Land Office in Wooster, Ohio.

Wooster, Ohio
Wooster (/ˈwʊstər/ ⓘ WUUST-ər) is a city in Wayne County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located in northeastern Ohio, the city lies approximately 50 miles (80 km) south-southwest of Cleveland, 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Akron and 30 miles (48 km) west of Canton. The population was 27,232 at the 2020 census. It is the largest in Wayne County, and the center of the Wooster micropolitan area. Wooster is home to the private College of Wooster and the main branch of the Wayne County Public Library.
Sorol
Sorol is a coral atoll of nine islands in the central Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a municiality in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. Sorol is located approximately 150 kilometers (93 mi) south of Ulithi and 250 kilometers (160 mi) southeast of the island of Yap. Sorol has been uninhabited since the early 1980s. Sorol is a municipality of the state of Yap.

Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

The Carolines are scattered across a distance of approximately 3,540 kilometres (2,200 mi; 1,910 nmi), from the westernmost island, Tobi, in Palau, to the easternmost island, Kosrae, a state of the FSM.
Imprivata
Imprivata is a digital identity security company based in Waltham, Massachusetts.  Their first product came to market in 2004, and they expanded into Europe in 2006.

In 2017, Imprivata had over 1,700 clients and several offices across America, Europe and Australia. Imprivata customers are primarily from the healthcare industry.  Imprivata became a public company on June 25, 2014, and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, until it was acquired by private equity investment firm Thoma Bravo in 2016.

In 2019, they acquired GroundControl to expand their mobile offerings, in 2020, FairWarning to expand their Digital Identity platform and more recently Xton Technologies and SecureLink to deliver privileged access management (PAM) both for internal and external users.

Privileged access management
Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a type of identity management and branch of cybersecurity that focuses on the control, monitoring, and protection of privileged accounts within an organization. Accounts with privileged status grant users enhanced permissions, making them prime targets for attackers due to their extensive access to vital systems and sensitive data.
Bibas
Bibas or Peppas (Arabic: بيباص; Greek: πέππας; Hebrew: ביבאס) is a Greek surname derived from the word παππάς or παπάς, which is a common term of endearment for a priest. The surname is used in Greece and various places in the Mediterranean, such as in Libya and in Israel.

In Israel, the surname exists with Jewish families of Greek origin.

In Libya, due to the influence of Greek in the local dialect, persons are sometimes nicknamed Bibas,  owing largely to their similarity in appearance to the "peppas," the so-called Christian priests. The name has, therefore, become a surname used by extended families, including by some residents in Janzur, as also used in other places in Libya, as well as in Tunisia and Algeria.

A community of expatriates with the surname currently reside in the United States.

Affection
Affection or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body" commonly linked to a feeling or type of love. It has led to multiple branches in philosophy and psychology that discuss emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Often, "affection" denotes more than mere goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and temporary. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.

Affection can elicit diverse emotional reactions such as embarrassment, disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. The emotional and physical effect of affection also varies between the giver and the receiver.
The Siegel–Schwall Band (1971 album)
The Siegel–Schwall Band is an album by the blues-rock group the Siegel–Schwall Band.  Released in 1971, it was their fifth album, and their first to be released by Wooden Nickel Records.  It is not to be confused with the band's 1966 debut album, which is also titled The Siegel-Schwall Band.

The Siegel–Schwall Band won the 1973 Grammy Award for Best Album Cover. The cover was illustrated by Harvey Dinnerstein, with art direction by Acy R. Lehman.

Corky Siegel
Mark Paul "Corky" Siegel (born October 24, 1943) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and composer.  He plays harmonica and piano.  He plays and writes blues and blues-rock music, and has also worked extensively on combining blues and classical music.  He is best known as the co-leader of the Siegel-Schwall Band, and as the leader of the Chamber Blues group.
Crocker Field
Crocker Field is an outdoor sports and recreation facility for the children of the Fitchburg Public School System in Fitchburg, Massachusetts.  The complex consists of a number of athletic facilities on a 5.5-acre (2.2 ha) plot of land near the Nashua River.  There are indoor and outdoor playing areas, an outdoor stadium, a field house, and a ticket booth and concession stand.  The site is enclosed on three sides by a wrought iron fence resting on a concrete base, with periodic square concrete pillars.  Most of the complex was built in 1918, with landscaping designed by the Olmsted Brothers.  The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 as the Crocker Field Historic District.

Olmsted Brothers
The Olmsted Brothers company was a landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
Five-striped sparrow
The five-striped sparrow (Amphispizopsis quinquestriata) is a medium-sized sparrow. It is the only member of the genus Amphispizopsis. It was formerly classified in the genus Amphispiza with the black-throated sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata).

This passerine bird is primarily found along the eastern Gulf of California region and Pacific region of mainland western Mexico, with a breeding range that extends into the southern tip of the U.S. state of Arizona, the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range containing the Madrean sky islands, of southeastern Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico, and northern Sonora. The species was first recorded breeding in the US in 1950s and remains a rare breeding bird.

This species is a regular host of cowbird nest parasites.

Sierra Madre Occidental
The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system which runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre is part of the American Cordillera, an almost continuous chain of mountain ranges that forms the western "backbone" of the Americas.