hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Birten
The Battle of Birten was a 10th century battle important to East Frankish (German) king Otto I's effort to secure his power in the early years of his reign.  The battle took place in March 939 on the left bank of the Rhine at Birten, near the town of Xanten, which now lays in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.   In this battle, Otto defeated the troops of his brother-in-law, Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine, who had aligned with Otto's younger brother Henry in Henry's fight for control of the kingdom.  Along with the Battle of Andernach, which Otto fought against Duke Eberhard of Franconia and Gilbert later that same year, the Battle of Birten paved the way for Otto to assert his royal power over his rivals in the kingdom.

East Francia
East Francia (Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (Regnum Francorum orientalium) was a successor state of the Carolingian Empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was established through the 843 Treaty of Verdun which divided the former kingdom of Francia into three kingdoms: Francia Orientalis (the East Frankish kingdom); Francia Media (the Middle Frankish kingdom); and Francia Occidentalis (the West Frankish kingdom).

The east–west division with the Treaty of Verdun, enforced by the Germanic-Latin language split, "gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms", with East Francia becoming (or being) the Kingdom of Germany, and West Francia becoming the Kingdom of France.
Radical 101
Radical 101 or radical use (用部) meaning "use" is one of the 23 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 5 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 10 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Patrickswell
Patrickswell, historically known as Toberpatrick (Irish: Tobar Phádraig), is a small town in County Limerick, Ireland. It is primarily a commuter village for people working in Limerick, including the nearby industrial suburb of Raheen. The population was 848 at the 2022 census.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Procopius of Scythopolis
Procopius of Scythopolis (Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Σκυθοπολίτης; died 7 July AD 303) was a 4th century martyr who is venerated as a saint. He was a reader and exorcist in the church at Scythopolis; he also was famous as an ascetic and erudite theologian. Eusebius of Caesarea wrote of his martyrdom, which occurred during the persecution of Roman Emperor Diocletian, and stated that "he was born at Jerusalem, but had gone to live in Scythopolis, where he held three ecclesiastical offices. He was reader and interpreter in the Syriac language, and cured those possessed of evil spirits." Eusebius wrote that Procopius was sent with his companions from Scythopolis to Caesarea Maritima, where he was decapitated.

Reader (liturgy)
In some Christian denominations, a reader or lector is the person responsible for reading aloud excerpts of scripture at a liturgy. In early Christian times the reader was of particular value due to the rarity of literacy.
Pat Casey (politician)
Pat Casey (born 11 March 1962) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a senator for the Labour Panel since April 2020. He previously served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 2016 to 2020.

He is a native of Laragh, County Wicklow, but he is based in Glendalough, and owns the local hotel. He is a nephew of Bishop Eamonn Casey. He was elected to Wicklow County Council as an independent candidate in 2004, and joined Fianna Fáil in 2007. He was Chairman of Wicklow County Council from 2012 to 2013. He has also been active in the GAA.

He lost his Dáil seat at the 2020 general election. In April 2020, he was elected to Seanad Éireann as a senator for the Labour Panel.

Glendalough
Glendalough (/ˌɡlɛndəˈlɒx/; Irish: Gleann Dá Loch, meaning 'valley of two lakes') is a glacial valley in County Wicklow, Ireland, renowned for an Early Medieval monastic settlement founded in the 6th century by St Kevin. From 1825 to 1957, the head of the Glendalough Valley was the site of a galena lead mine. Glendalough is also a recreational area for picnics, for walking along networks of maintained trails of varying difficulty, and also for rock climbing.
Dulal Bhuiyan
Dulal Bhuiyan Khan Ansari is an Indian politician and member of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha. Bhuiyan is a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from the Chutpur constituency in East Singhbhum district in 1995, 2000 and 2005, and also a minister in Jharkhand Government in 2005-2009.

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
The Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, commonly known as the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha, is the unicameral state legislature of Jharkhand state in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Ranchi, the capital of the state.
Hickleton Main Colliery
Hickleton Main Colliery was a coal mine in Thurnscoe, South Yorkshire, England from 1892 to 1988.  In 1933 it employed 2,560 people underground and 500 on the surface. The coal mine's union lodge was the 400th recipient of the Order of Industrial Heroism.

On 9 February 1944, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited the colliery and thanked the miners for their war effort during World War II.

In 2006 a black granite memorial was erected in Thurnscoe cemetery bearing the names of the 161 miners who died at the pit over the years.

The site of the colliery now forms Phoenix Park in Thurnscoe.

Order of Industrial Heroism
The Order of Industrial Heroism was a private civil award given in the United Kingdom by the Daily Herald newspaper to honour examples of heroism carried out by ordinary workers. Many of the 440 awards were posthumous. Only two were made to a woman; six were awarded to large groups of miners, under the auspices of their trade union lodges.

The medal of the Order was designed by sculptor Eric Gill and issued in bronze with a burgundy ribbon. The medal bears the image of Saint Christopher bearing the Christ Child.
Anton Csorich
Anton Csorich (Croatian: Antun Čorić; 1795–1864) was a Croatian nobleman and general in the Habsburg monarchy imperial army service. He was titled baron of Monte Creto and promoted to the position of lieutenant field marshal when he became the second chief of the 15th Infantry Regiment.  In that position he took part in the suppression of the October 1848 uprising in Vienna.  He then went on to participate in the Austrian war against the Hungarian State in 1849.

He was also a holder of the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa.

Knight's Cross
Knight's Cross (German language Ritterkreuz) refers to a distinguishing grade or level of various orders that often denotes bravery and leadership on the battlefield.

Most frequently the term Knight's Cross is used to refer to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, a military decoration of Nazi Germany. However, numerous orders have a Knight's Cross grade. Examples include the Cross of Merit on the ribbon of the Bundesverdienstkreuz, the French Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur, a grade of the War Merit Cross, the Knight's Cross of the Brandenburg Bailiwick of the Knights' Order of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, the Knight's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1st class (Knight) of the Order of the Sun, and the Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern.
NGC 5970
NGC 5970 is a large barred-spiral galaxy located about 90 million light years away in the constellation Serpens Caput. It appears to have two satellite or companion galaxies. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It was discovered on March 15, 1784, by the astronomer William Herschel.

LINER-type emission has been detected from the disk of NGC 5970.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Internationaler Bund
The Internationaler Bund (commonly referred to as: IB) (English: International Federation) is a German politically non-aligned and non-denominational educational organisation. The IB was founded in 1949  and it is one of the largest service providers in the areas of social and educational programs for youth development in Europe with its registered voluntary association (German: Eingetragener Verein), its non-profit organizations, commercial companies, further education programs as well as schools and technical colleges.
Today, the IB has around 700 facilities in more than 300 locations across Germany and promotes numerous educational activities abroad with educational institutions in China, Georgia and Turkey and with the Stiftung Internationaler Bund Polska in Poland,
 among others. The IB is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany.

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Moro, Illinois
Moro is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 387. Moro, like all of Madison County, is part of the Illinois Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

The city of Moro, Oregon, is named for the Illinois community.

Metro East
The Metro East is an urban area in Southern Illinois, United States that contains the eastern and northern urban, suburban, and exurban areas on the Mississippi River in Greater St. Louis. It encompasses eight Illinois counties and constitutes the second-most populous metropolitan area in Illinois.

A historically significant region, the area included the mound building native culture of Cahokia, and the later French settlements of the Illinois Country.  It also includes the fertile lands of the riparian American Bottom. The region has almost 700,000 residents and its most populated city is Belleville, with 42,404 residents.  The area hosts several colleges and universities, with Southern Illinois University Edwardsville as the largest.  Also located in Metro East is the Scott Air Force Base.
Hurriyat Radio
Hurriyat Radio (Pashto: حريت راډيو) is a news agency and a FM radio station in Afghanistan, with its headquarters in Kabul. It was established in 2022 supposedly by the General Directorate of Intelligence to cover latest important news stories relating to Afghanistan. Its journalists visit all provinces of Afghanistan to cover such stories.

General Directorate of Intelligence
The General Directorate of Intelligence (GDI; Pashto: د استخباراتو لوی ریاست; Dari: ریاست عمومی استخبارات) is the Afghan national intelligence and security agency under the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Twmpa
Twmpa or Lord Hereford's Knob is a mountain in south-east Wales, forming a part of the great northwest scarp of the Black Mountains. It lies 1.86 miles (3 km) west of the border with England, and around 4.34 miles (7 km) south of Hay-on-Wye. To the northeast lies the Gospel Pass through which runs a minor road between Hay and the Llanthony Valley. A ridge known as Darren Lwyd tapers away for about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the southeast of the summit.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Alexander Classen
Alexander Classen (13 April 1843, in Aachen – 28 January 1934, in Aachen) was a German chemist, who is considered one of the founders of electrochemical analysis.

From 1861 he studied chemistry at the universities of Giessen and Berlin. In 1870 he became a lecturer of analytical chemistry at the polytechnic school in Aachen, where in 1882 he succeeded Hans Heinrich Landolt as professor of inorganic chemistry. At Aachen, he was appointed director of the Electrochemical Institute,

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Natsu Koi Natsu Game
"Natsu Koi★Natsu GAME" (夏恋★夏GAME, Natsu Koi★ Natsu GEMU) is a single by Japanese band An Cafe. The single comes in three editions; the 2 limited versions including a bonus DVD with videoclip and a special Europe Footage. The title track will be featured in their album BB Parallel World. The song peaked at No. 13 on the Japanese singles chart.

An Cafe
Antic Café (アンティック-珈琲店-, Antikku Kafe; nicknamed An Cafe) is a Japanese pop rock band formed in 2003 and signed to Sony Music Japan. Their visual image is oshare kei, and they describe their music as "Harajuku Dance Rock". The group has released six full-length albums, two compilation albums, and four EPs. On September 1, 2009, the band announced that after their live show on January 4, 2010 at the Nippon Budokan, they would suspend activities and put the group on hiatus, however they stated they will not disband. In 2012, after a two-year break, the team announced the resumption of activities. In June 2018, the band announced the departure of all members but Miku and a hiatus beginning in January 2019. On September 16th, 2024, they announced their return, with a re-recorded version of a song, plus the announcement of a 2025 tour, with all members returning except for Bou.
French submarine Pierre Chailley
Pierre Chailley was a French Navy minelayer submarine commissioned in 1923. She was the ancestor of the Saphir-class submarines, which were the last French minelayer submarines. She was decommissioned in 1936.

Pierre Chailley — originally named Paul Chailley — was named for the commanding officer of the submarine Curie, Lieutenant de vaisseau Paul Étienne Pierre Chailley, killed during World War I when two Austro-Hungarian Navy ships sank Curie on 20 December 1914.

Ship-of-the-line lieutenant
Ship-of-the-line lieutenant (French: Lieutenant de vaisseau; Spanish: Teniente de navío) is a naval officer rank, used in a number of countries. The name derives from the name of the largest class of warship, the ship of the line, as opposed to smaller types of warship (corvettes and frigates).

It is rated OF-2 within the NATO ranking system and is equivalent to Lieutenant in the Royal Navy and the United States Navy.
Elena Pavel
Elena Iuliana Pavel (born 26 March 1984) is a Romanian retired footballer who played as a defender. She has been a member of the Romania women's national team. She previously played for CFF Clujana, with whom she played the UEFA Women's Cup, and Motorul Oradea.

She first played with the Romanian national team in the last match of the 2001 European Championship qualifying against Estonia. In the 2011 World Cup qualifying she scored against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In January 2016, Pavel was asked on a date during a Primera División match versus Santa Teresa CD by the referee. Unimpressed by his advances ("Hey brown hair, let's get coffee this afternoon") Pavel answered: "Better stick to blowing your whistle". The incident left her feeling humiliated.

Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national football team
The Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national football team represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

They have never qualified for the World Cup or the European Championship. The team is currently coached by Selver Hodžić and captained by veteran Milena Nikolić. Currently ranked 62nd by FIFA, the team plays their home games at the Bosnia and Herzegovina FA Training Centre in the city of Zenica, the country's fourth biggest city.
Simpani, Khotang
Simpani is a village town and Former village development committee  in Khotehang gaupalika in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern state 1.Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,597 persons living in 676 individual households. According to Simpani VDC record in 2008, its total population is 5713.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
J.D. Lobue
John David Lobue is an American television director best known for his work on Soul Train, Soap, Newhart, It's a Living, Dharma & Greg, Two and a Half Men, and other television series. Lobue purchased a Studio City residence in Los Angeles from local modernist architect Michael Pearce and lived there for 2 years before selling it to Dennis Miller in 1988.

Newhart
Newhart is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS from October 25, 1982, to May 21, 1990, with a total of 184 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons. The series stars Bob Newhart and Mary Frann as an author and his wife, respectively, who own and operate the Stratford Inn in rural Vermont. The small town is home to many eccentric characters. TV Guide, TV Land, and A&E named the Newhart series finale as one of the most memorable in television history. The theme music for Newhart was composed by Henry Mancini.
1961 Southern 500
The 1961 Southern 500 was a race that took place at Darlington Raceway on September 4, 1961, in the NASCAR Grand National Series. It was the forty-second race of the 1961 NASCAR Grand National Series.

Nelson Stacy won after 364 laps, after taking the lead from Fireball Roberts late in the race. It was the first of Stacy's four Grand National victories in his career.

Nelson Stacy
Nelson Stacy (December 28, 1921 – May 14, 1986) was an American race car driver from Maysville, Kentucky. He won the 1958, 1959, and 1960 MARC Series (now ARCA Menards Series) championships. He also won four NASCAR Grand National Series races in 1961 and 1962, including the 1961 Southern 500 at Darlington Speedway and the 1962 World 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Jordanita budensis
Jordanita budensis is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in disjunct populations in central Spain, southern France, Italy, eastern Austria, Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, Ukraine, the Crimea, the European part of southern Russia, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Turkey, southern Siberia, Mongolia and the Amur region.

The length of the forewings is 12.5–15.5 mm for males and 8–11 mm for females. Adults are on wing during the day.

The larvae feed on Centaurea paniculata in western Europe, Centaurea triumfetti in central Europe and Achillea setacea on the Crimea. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
4th (Queen Augusta) Guards Grenadiers
The 4th (Queen Augusta) Guards Grenadier Regiment (Königin Augusta Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 4) was an infantry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. It was established in 1860 in Koblenz and until 1893 it was the only one of the Prussian Guards outside the region around the German capital Berlin.

The regiment was named after Queen Augusta in 1890 - to commemorate her death. The Guards moved to Spandau in 1893 and in 1897 to Moabit. The regiment's last commander was Walter Freiherr von Schleinitz (1872–1950) in the summer of 1918.

Spandau (locality)
Spandau (German: [ˈʃpandaʊ] ⓘ) is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin, Germany's capital and largest city, in the homonymous borough (Bezirk) of Spandau. The historic city is situated, for the most part, on the western banks of the river Havel. As of 2020, the estimated population of Spandau was 39,653.
Semyonov, Russia
Semyonov (Russian: Семёнов) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Rural localities

Semyonov, Krasnodar Krai, a khutor in Bratsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Labinsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Semyonov, Koverninsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a pochinok in Bolshemostovsky Selsoviet of Koverninsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Semyonov, Volgograd Oblast, a khutor in Tormosinovsky Selsoviet of Chernyshkovsky District of Volgograd Oblast

Semyonov, Voronezh Oblast, a khutor in Skupopotudanskoye Rural Settlement of Nizhnedevitsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Nizhnedevitsky District
Nizhnedevitsky District  (Russian: Нижнеде́вицкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,196 square kilometers (462 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nizhnedevitsk. Population: 17,938 (2021 Census); 20,611 (2010 Census); 24,077 (2002 Census); 29,577 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 30.4% of the district's total population.