hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Squadron (JASDF)
The 1st Squadron (第1飛行隊 (dai-ichi-hikoutai)) was a squadron of the 1st Air Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Hamamatsu Air Base, in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was equipped with North American F-86F Sabre aircraft.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Mike Smith (rugby union)
Michael Adam Smith (born 23 November 1945) is a Scottish former international rugby union player.

Born in Liverpool, Smith attended Fettes College and the University of Cambridge, where he gained two rugby blues as a varsity three-quarter. He subsequently played for London Scottish.

Smith was capped four times for Scotland in 1970. He came into the Scotland side for Alastair Biggar after they lost their opening Five Nations fixture and played the remaining three matches, including a Calcutta Cup win over England at Murrayfield, then went on the mid-year tour of Australia and featured on a wing for the one-off Test in Sydney.

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).
Portrait of William Woollett
Portrait of William Woollett is a 1783 portrait painting by the American artist Gilbert Stuart. It depicts the English artist William Woollett, known for his work as an engraver. Woollett is shown engraving his most popular work, a print of Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe.

The painting was commissioned by the publisher John Boydell.  It was displayed at the exhibition of the Society of Artists in 1783. From 1790 until 1792 it hung in Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery in Pall Mall. Tqhe painting was acquired by the National Gallery in 1849. Today it is in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico. in 1785 this painting was itself engraved by Caroline Watson.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Glenwood, Nova Scotia
Glenwood is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Yarmouth County. The area was previously known as "Argyle Head", being renamed "Glenwood" in March 1873. The name of "Argyle Head" was later given to a different community not far from here.

Glenwood is home to the Sand Pond National Wildlife Area.

Yarmouth County
Yarmouth County is a rural county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It has both traditional Anglo-Scottish and Acadian French culture as well as significant inland wilderness areas, including over 365 lakes and several major rivers. It comprises three municipalities: the Town of Yarmouth, the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth, and the Municipality of the District of Argyle.
Jadwiżyn, Wałcz County
Jadwiżyn [jadˈviʐɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Mirosławiec, 22 km (14 mi) west of Wałcz, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Mirosławiec
Mirosławiec [mʲirɔˈswavʲɛt͡s] (German: Märkisch Friedland) is a town in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland, with 2,671 inhabitants (2010).

The 12th Air Base of the Polish Air Force is located 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of the town.
Pittsburg–Chartierville Border Crossing
The Pittsburg–Chartierville Border Crossing connects the towns of Chartierville, Quebec, and Pittsburg, New Hampshire. The crossing can be reached by U.S. Route 3 on the American side and by Quebec Route 257 on the Canadian side.

Neither the American or Canadian port of entry at this location is open 24 hours a day; the nearest such facility is the Beecher Falls–East Hereford Border Crossing, approximately a 31-mile (50 km) drive on the American side and a 42-mile (68 km) drive the Canadian side.

Concord Monitor
The Concord Monitor is the daily newspaper for Concord, the state capital of New Hampshire. It also covers surrounding towns in Merrimack County, most of Belknap County, as well as portions of Grafton, Rockingham and Hillsborough counties. The Monitor has several times been named as one of the best small papers in America and in April 2008, became a Pulitzer Prize winning paper, when photographer Preston Gannaway was honored for feature photography.

After publishing seven days a week for decades, starting in March 2024, it ceased print publication on Sundays.
2020 Star Nursery 150
The 2020 Star Nursery 150 was the first stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series West season and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Thursday, February 20, 2020, in North Las Vegas, Nevada, at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway Bullring, a 0.375 miles (0.604 km) low-banked permanent racetrack. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. At race's end, Sam Mayer of GMS Racing would dominate the race to win his first and to date, final career ARCA Menards Series West win and his first and only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Jesse Love of Bill McAnally Racing and Blaine Perkins of Sunrise Ford Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Blaine Perkins
Blaine Michael Perkins (born February 28, 2000) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 31 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Jordan Anderson Racing. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, ARCA Menards Series, and the ARCA Menards Series West.
Office of the Independent Adjudicator
The Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIA) is a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity which has been designated under the Higher Education Act 2004 to run the higher education student complaints scheme within England and Wales. The OIA's rules outline the complaints that it can and cannot review, these contain new rules from the Consumer Rights Act 2015. The OIA has no regulatory powers over higher education providers, such as universities or colleges, and is unable to punish or fine them. The OIA is a recognised ADR.

Higher Education Act 2004
The Higher Education Act 2004 (c. 8) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced several changes to the higher education system in the United Kingdom, the most important and controversial being a major change to the funding of universities, and the operation of tuition fees, which affects England and Wales.  University funding is a devolved matter for Northern Ireland and Scotland. After complex and controversial debates, the Higher Education Bill received royal assent on 1 July 2004.
2010 MAC Championship Game
The 2010 MAC Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Friday, December 3, 2010, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan to determine the 2010 football champion of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).  The game featured the Miami University Redhawks and the Northern Illinois Huskies.

Miami defeated Northern Illinois 26-21 on a 33-yard pass from Austin Boucher to Armand Robinson for a touchdown with 33 seconds remaining in regulation. The game lasted 3 hours and 12 minutes.

Ford Field
Ford Field is a domed American football stadium located in Detroit, Michigan, U.S. It primarily serves as the home of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), the Mid-American Conference championship game, the annual state championship football games for the MHSAA, the MHSAA State Wrestling Championships, and the MCBA Marching Band State Finals, among other events. It was also the home of the Michigan Panthers of the United Football League (UFL) from 2023 to 2025. The regular seating capacity is approximately 65,000, though it is expandable up to 70,000 for football and 80,000 for basketball.

The naming rights were purchased by the Ford Motor Company for $40 million over 20 years; the Ford family holds a controlling interest in the company, and they have controlled ownership of the Lions franchise since 1964.
The Legend of Polydoros
The Legend of Polydoros or The Forest of Polydorus is an oil on panel painting, attributed to Titian, from c. 1506-1508. It is held in the Musei civici, in Padua. It forms a pair with The Birth of Adonis - they both formed part of a cassone and were left to their present home by Emo Capodilista in 1864. Then attributed to Giorgione, they are now generally attributed to Titian, though a few art historians attribute them instead to Romanino.

The subject is from Ovid's Metamorphoses. Priam ordered his son Polydorus to carry Troy's gold to his step-brother to keep it from the Greeks. At the right of the painting Polydorus is killed en route for the gold, whilst to the left are two women, perhaps Hecuba and a servant. Troy burns in the centre background.

Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.
Alexandru Matei (water polo)
Alexandru Barabas Matei Guiman (born 1980) is a Romanian water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Romania men's national water polo team in the men's event. He is 6 ft 3 inches tall.

Water polo at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The water polo tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the London 2012 Water Polo Arena in the Olympic Park from 29 July to 12 August. The venue's capacity held 5,000 spectators. Twelve teams competed in the men's tournament and eight teams in the women's tournament.
Tattenham Corner Stakes
The Tattenham Corner Stakes (formerly the John Of Gaunt Stakes) is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It was run at Haydock Park over a distance of 7 furlongs and 37 yards (1,442 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. From 2026 It will be run at Epsom over a distance of 7 furlongs and 37 yards (1,442 metres) and will take place on the Saturday of the Epsom Derby. The race's new title comes from Tattenham Corner, the bend into Epsom's finishing straight.

The event was named after John of Gaunt, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, who lived in the 14th century. It was formerly open to horses aged three or older, and it used to be classed at Listed level. The minimum age was raised to four in 1998, and the race was promoted to Group 3 status in 2008.

The race was sponsored by the Timeform organisation from 2009 to 2016 and was run as the Timeform Jury Stakes.

Haydock Park Racecourse
Haydock Park Racecourse is a racecourse in Merseyside, North West England. The racecourse is set in an area of parkland bounded by the towns of Haydock to the west, Ashton-in-Makerfield to the north, Golborne to the east and Newton-le-Willows to the south. Horse racing had been run in Newton for many years (the great racemare Queen of Trumps won at Newton in 1836), and the venue was also used for hare coursing in the 1880s. The current racecourse was opened in 1899. Much of the course's early development was overseen by Sydney Sandon, who served as course secretary, chairman and managing director in the early 20th century.
WKVQ
WKVQ (1540 AM) is a Christian radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching format. Licensed to Eatonton, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Resurrection House Ministries, through licensee Rev Leonard Small. WKVQ is a sister station to WYTH 1250 AM in Madison, Georgia, but does not simulcast.

Eatonton, Georgia
Eatonton is a city in and the county seat of Putnam County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 6,307. It was named after William Eaton, an officer and diplomat involved in the First Barbary War. The name consists of his surname with the English suffix "ton", meaning "town".
Michael Blum (artist)
Michael Blum (Hebrew: מיכאל בלום; born 1966 in Jerusalem) is an artist using a variety of media, ranging from photography and video to books, installations, objects, text, printed matter.

He studied history at Paris University, photography at Ecole Nationale de la Photographie, Arles, France, and later spent 2 years at Rijksakademie in Amsterdam. He's been developing works that aim at critically re-reading the production of culture and history. His work has been shown at numerous venues including the Centre Georges-Pompidou (Paris), the New Museum (New York), Transmediale (Berlin), Kunsthalle Vienna, the San Francisco Art Institute, the Baltic, Istanbul, Torino and Tirana Biennials.

The Jew of Linz
The Jew of Linz is a 1998 book by Australian writer Kimberley Cornish, in which the author alleges that the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was the catalyst for the antisemitism of Adolf Hitler when they were both pupils at the Realschule (secondary school) in Linz, Austria, in the early 1900s. Cornish also alleges that Wittgenstein was involved in the Cambridge Five Soviet spy ring.
Daymark
A daymark is a navigational aid for sailors and pilots, distinctively marked to maximize its visibility in daylight.

The word is also used in a more specific, technical sense to refer to a signboard or daytime identifier that is attached to a day beacon or other aid to navigation. In that sense, a daymark conveys to the mariner during daylight hours the same significance as the aid's light or reflector does at night. Standard signboard shapes are square, triangular, and rectangular, while the standard colours are red, green, orange, yellow, and black.

Daytime
Daytime is the period of the day during which a location receives natural illumination from direct sunlight. It is sometimes just called "day". Daytime occurs when the Sun is above the local horizon, that is, anywhere on the hemisphere of the globe facing the Sun. The length of daytime varies with latitude and changes over the course of the year, as the Earth moves around the Sun. Other planets and natural satellites that rotate relative to a luminous primary body such as a local star also experience daytime, but this article primarily discusses daytime on Earth.
Palgrave's Golden Treasury
The Golden Treasury of English Songs and Lyrics is a popular anthology of English poetry, originally selected for publication by Francis Turner Palgrave in 1861. It was considerably revised, with input from Alfred, Lord Tennyson, about three decades later. Palgrave excluded all poems by poets then still alive.

The book continues to be published in regular new editions; still under Palgrave's name. These reproduce Palgrave's selections and notes, but usually include a supplement of more recent poems. Christopher Ricks in 1991 produced a scholarly edition of the original Treasury, along with an account of its evolution from 1861 to 1891, with inclusions and exclusions.

Louis MacNeice
Frederick Louis MacNeice (12 September 1907 – 3 September 1963) was an Irish poet, playwright and producer for the BBC. Known for its exploration of introspection, empiricism, and belonging, his poetic work is now considered among the twentieth century's greatest. Despite being renowned as a member of the Auden Group, he was also an independently successful (albeit occasionally overlooked) poet with an influential body of work, which is replete with themes ranging from faith to mortality. His body of work was appreciated by the public during his lifetime, due in part to his relaxed but socially and emotionally aware style. Never as overtly or simplistically political as some of his contemporaries, he expressed a humane opposition to totalitarianism as well as an acute awareness of his roots.

MacNeice was awarded the CBE in the 1958 New Year Honours list.
Fernando Chui
Fernando Chui Sai On GCM GML (Chinese: 崔世安; Jyutping: Ceoi1 Sai3 On1; born 13 January 1957) is a Macau politician who served as the 2nd chief executive of Macau from 2009 to 2019. He served as secretary for social and cultural affairs from 1999 to 2009.

Chui was born in 1957 to local construction tycoon Chui Tak Seng and Chan Keng Fan, the second son after Chui Sai Cheong. His wife is a niece of the late Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok Ying-tung.

Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture
The Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture (Chinese: 社會文化司; Portuguese: Secretariado para os Assuntos Sociais e Cultura) is a department of the Macao Government. The Secretariat is responsible for the education, health, tourism, social affairs and culture issues in the region.

The current department took over the role formerly held by the:

Secretary for Social Affairs and Budget (Portuguese: Secretariado para os Assuntos Sociais e Orçamento)

Secretary for Communications, Tourism and Culture (Portuguese: Secretariado para as Comunicações, Turismo e Cultura)
Aviatika-MAI-890
The Aviatika-MAI-890 is a pod-and-boom, pusher configuration biplane ultralight designed and built by the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) in Russia in the 1980s. As well as being a sport and training aircraft, significant numbers have been used for agricultural spraying.  It remained in production in 2015.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Senecio hydrophilus
Senecio hydrophilus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names water ragwort and alkali-marsh ragwort. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Colorado, where it grows in swampy places such as marshes. It can grow in standing water, including alkaline and salty water. It is a biennial or perennial herb producing a single upright stem or a cluster of a few stems which may exceed one meter in maximum height, at times approaching two meters. The stem is hollow, waxy in texture, and often pale green in color, and it emerges from a small caudex. The thick leaves are lance-shaped to oval with smooth or toothed edges, the blades up to 20 centimeters long and borne on petioles. Smaller leaves occur higher up the stem. The inflorescence is one or more large, spreading clusters of many flower heads. They contain many yellowish disc florets at the center and sometimes have small yellow ray florets as well.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Hugo Zapałowicz
Hugo Zapałowicz (15 November 1852, in Ljubljana – 20 November 1917, in Perovsk [now Kyzylorda], Kazakhstan) was a botanist, natural scientist, traveller, and military lawyer.

Zapałowicz was a pioneer researcher of flora and geological structure of the Carpathian Mountains. He was also a geological, geographical, and flora researcher of South America and author of works about flora of Babia Góra-Babia Hora, Maramureş Mountains, Pokuttya.

In 1894 he became a member of the Academy of Learning.

Babia Góra
Babia Góra [ˈbabʲa ˈɡura] (in Polish), or Babia hora (in Slovak) is a massif situated on the border between Poland and Slovakia in the Western Beskid Mountains. The name is also applied to the culmination of the massif, Diablak ("Devil's Peak"), which is also the highest peak of this part of the Carpathian Mountains, at 1,725 metres (5,659 ft) above sea level.
Valle, Møre og Romsdal
Valle is a village in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern end of the island of Uksenøya, along the northern shore of the Storfjorden. Valle sits along the European route E39/European route E136 highway, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Skodje, 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of the city of Ålesund, and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of the village of Sjøholt. The historic Skodje Bridge lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest of Valle.

The 0.77-square-kilometre (190-acre) village has a population (2024) of 717 and a population density of 931 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,410/sq mi).

European route E39
European route E39 is the designation of a 1,330-kilometre (830 mi) north–south road in Norway and Denmark from Klett, just south of Trondheim, to Aalborg via Bergen, Stavanger and Kristiansand. In total, there are nine ferries, more than any other single road in Europe.

In Trondheim, there are connections to E6 and E14; in Ålesund, to E136, in Bergen to E16, in Haugesund, to E134, in Kristiansand to E18, and in Aalborg to E45.