hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karen Saxe
Karen Saxe (born July 29, 1960) is an American mathematician who specializes in functional analysis, and in the mathematical study of issues related to social justice. She is DeWitt Wallace Professor of Mathematics, Emerita at Macalester College,. She is Senior Vice President of the American Mathematical Society and Director of its Office of Government Relations, based in Washington DC.

She is the author of Beginning Functional Analysis, published in the Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series in 2001.

Macalester College
Macalester College (/məˈkælɪstər/ mə-KAL-iss-tər) is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 2,068 students in the fall of 2025. The college has Scottish and Presbyterian roots and emphasizes internationalism and multiculturalism.

In 2023, the college offered 39 majors, 40 minors, and 11 concentrations. Students also have the option to design their own major. Macalester's sports teams compete in the NCAA Division III-level Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The college's 60-acre main campus is bordered by Summit Avenue to the north and St. Clair Avenue to the south. The 300-acre Ordway Field Station, a nature reserve and research station, is on the outskirts of the Twin Cities, along the Mississippi River.
Idar Norstrand
Idar Olav Norstrand (14 February 1915, Bergen – 8 September 1986) was a Norwegian civil servant, trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party.

He worked as a mail carrier from 1934 to 1941, and later as personnel director in Norway Post from 1957 to 1982. From 1941 to 1945, during the German occupation of Norway, he fled to Stockholm, Sweden and worked at the Norwegian legation there. From 1946 to 1951 he chaired the trade union Norwegian Union of Postmen.

From 1964 to 1965, during the fourth cabinet Gerhardsen, he was appointed Minister of Wages and Prices.

Norwegian legation in Stockholm
The Norwegian Legation in Stockholm played a significant role during the Second World War. Until 9 April 1940 the legation consisted of four persons, and at the end of the war about 1,100 persons were connected to the legation. Refugee cases were among the legation's most central tasks. In 1941 a military office was established, and this was later split into separate offices for intelligence (XU related cases), and for Milorg related cases.
Brain fingerprinting
Brain fingerprinting (BF) is a forensic science technique that uses electroencephalography (EEG)–measured event-related brain potentials to assess whether specific information is stored in a person's memory. The approach was first published in 1991 by Farwell and Donchin and later described by Farwell in a forensic science encyclopedia entry. In a typical test, words or images that contain crime-relevant details are interleaved with neutral items; recognition-related brain responses are compared across item types to infer whether the examinee possesses knowledge of those details.

Courts in the United States have addressed the admissibility of BF evidence. In Harrington v. State (Iowa), the district court ruled the results admissible, and the Iowa Supreme Court later discussed the evidence in the appeal. Legal commentators have analyzed BF's evidentiary status and implications.

Iowa Supreme Court
The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.

The Court holds its regular sessions in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds, south of the Iowa State Capitol.
Ataíde
Ataíde is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

António de Ataíde (c.1500–1563), Portuguese nobleman and diplomat

Elton Junior Melo Ataíde (born 1990), Brazilian footballer

João Manuel de Ataíde (1570–1633), Portuguese bishop

Luís de Ataíde, 3rd Count of Atouguia (1516 - 1581), viceroy of Portuguese India

Manoel da Costa Ataíde (1762–1830), Brazilian painter and sculptor

Martinho de Ataíde, 2nd Count of Atouguia (c. 1415 - 1499), Portuguese nobleman

Pedro Manuel de Ataíde (1665–1722), Portuguese nobleman

Pero de Ataíde (c.1450–1504), Portuguese naval captain and explorer

Vasco de Ataíde (died c.1500), Portuguese naval captain and explorer

Leonardo Ataíde (born 2004), Brazilian footballer

Pero de Ataíde
Pero de Ataíde or Pedro d'Ataíde (d'Atayde, da Thayde), nicknamed O Inferno (Hell), "for the damage he did to the Moors in Africa", (c. 1450 – February/March, 1504, Mozambique Island) was a Portuguese sea captain in the Indian Ocean active in the early 1500s.  He was briefly captain of the first permanent Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean, taking over from Vicente Sodré, and the author of a famous letter giving an account of its fate.
Two to Go
"Two to Go" is the 21st episode of season 6 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on May 21, 2002 on UPN. The name of the episode is a reference to the previous one, which ends with Willow saying "One down" after killing Warren. Despite having died, Tara Maclay remains in brief scenes that are part of the opening credits.

This episode, and its second part, "Grave", were shown, back-to-back, as a two-hour feature on its original airing in both the United States and United Kingdom – consequently, the presentation of this episode on DVD includes credits such as "Grave" Written by...

Joss Whedon wanted to keep Anthony Stewart Head's appearance in this episode a surprise, and thus left him off of the main cast list; Head is listed as a 'special guest' in the closing credits. Whedon also does this in Angel for Julie Benz in "To Shanshu in L.A.", Eliza Dushku in "Judgment", Juliet Landau in "The Trial" and Alyson Hannigan in "There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb".

Juliet Landau
Juliet Rose Landau (born March 30, 1965)  is an American actress, director, producer, and ballerina best known for her role as Drusilla on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spinoff show Angel, the latter appearance earning her a Saturn Award nomination. She is also known for co-starring as Loretta King in Tim Burton's Ed Wood.
Otis Bigelow
Otis Munro Bigelow III (June 2, 1920 - October 6, 2007) was a Broadway actor, playwright, and stage manager. He was one of the best-looking men in Manhattan in the 1940s, and one of the first partners of Christian William Miller.

Saugus, Santa Clarita, California
Saugus is a neighborhood in Santa Clarita, California. It was one of four communities (with Valencia, Newhall and Canyon Country) that merged in 1987 to create the city of Santa Clarita. Saugus includes the central and north-central portions of the city. It is named after Saugus, Massachusetts, the hometown of Henry Newhall, upon whose land the town was originally built.
1895–96 Scottish Cup
The 1895–96 Scottish Cup was the 23rd season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. This season saw the introduction of the Scottish Qualifying Cup as a preliminary competition.

The cup was won by Heart of Midlothian when they beat Hibernian 3–1 in the final.

Scottish Qualifying Cup
The Scottish Qualifying Cup was a football competition played in Scotland between 1895 and 2007. During that time, apart from a brief spell in the 1950s, it was the only way for non-league teams to qualify for the Scottish Cup. The Qualifying Cup was open to all full member clubs of the Scottish Football Association, who were not members of the Scottish Premier League or Scottish Football League. In June 2007 the Scottish Football Association announced a new format for the Scottish Cup from season 2007–08 that would allow all full member clubs direct entry into the competition and consequently the Qualifying Cup competition was scrapped.
Lysye Gory
Lysye Gory (Russian: Лысые Горы) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Lysye Gory, Saratov Oblast, a work settlement in the Lysogorsky District of Saratov Oblast

Rural localities

Lysye Gory, Tambov Oblast, a selo in the Lysogorsky Selsoviet of Tambovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Lysogorsky District
Lysogorsky District (Russian: Лысогорский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,300 square kilometers (890 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Lysye Gory. Population: 19,948 (2010 Census);  21,260 (2002 Census); 20,797 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lysye Gory accounts for 36.0% of the district's total population.
2000 Dubai World Cup
The 2000 Dubai World Cup was a horse race held at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse on Saturday 25 March 2000. It was the 5th running of the Dubai World Cup.

The winner was Godolphin's Dubai Millennium, a four-year-old bay colt trained in Dubai by Saeed bin Suroor and ridden by Frankie Dettori. Dubai Millennium's victory was the first in the race for Dettori, a second for bin Suroor and a first for Godolphin.

Dubai Millennium was one of the leading colts of his generation in Europe, winning the Prix Jacques le Marois and the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes in 1999. He made his debut on dirt at Nad Al Sheba on 2 March when he won a round of the Al Maktoum Challenge. In the 2000 Dubai World Cup he took the lead soon after the start and drew clear in the straight to win by six lengths from the American challenger Behrens with a gap of five and a half lengths to Public Purse in third place. The winning time of 1:59.50 was a new track record.

Prix Jacques Le Marois
The Prix Jacques Le Marois is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred colts and fillies aged three years or older. It is run in August each year at Deauville over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile).
Fischenthal
Fischenthal is a village and a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Besides the village of Fischenthal, it includes the villages of Gibswil and Steg, as well as nearly 100 smaller settlements.

Hinwil District
47°18′N 8°51′E﻿ / ﻿47.300°N 8.850°E﻿ / 47.300; 8.850
Hinwil District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It lies southeast of the canton, bordering the adjacent St. Gallen. Hinwil has a population of 97,098 (as of 31 December 2020); its capital is the town of Hinwil, located at the centre of the district.

It was formed in 1831, when the administrative seat was moved to Hinwil from Grüningen. The district was known as Oberamt Grüningen from 1815–1831, which continued the historical bailiwick of Grüningen (1408–1798).
Floating Staircase
Floating Staircase is a ghost story/mystery novel  by American writer  Ronald Malfi.  It was published in 2011 by Medallion Press, with a limited edition hardcover collectors edition from Thunderstorm Books, which contained an original author's "Afterward" not in the paperback novel.  The novel was nominated by the Horror Writers Association for a Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel, and it won a Gold IPPY Award for best horror novel of 2011.

Independent Publisher Book Awards
The Independent Publisher Book Awards, also styled as the IPPY Awards, are a set of annual literary awards for independently published books. They are the longest-running unaffiliated contest open exclusively to independent presses. The IPPY Awards are open to authors and publishers worldwide who produce books written in English and intended for the North American market. According to the IPPY website, the awards 'reward those who exhibit the courage, innovation, and creativity to bring about change in the world of publishing.'
Coeur d'Alene High School
Coeur d’Alene High School is a four-year public secondary school in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, the oldest secondary school (founded 1903), with its current building at 5530 North Fourth Street built in 1968-1969. It is one of the two traditional high schools in the Coeur d'Alene School District #271. It serves the northeastern half of the district, with students from the cities of Coeur d'Alene, Dalton Gardens, Hayden, and a portion of unincorporated Kootenai County. The school colors are Blue and White and the C.D.A.H.S. mascot is a "Viking" and the athletic teams are named the "Vikings".

School colors
School colors, also known as university colors or college colors, are the colors chosen by a school, academy, college, university or institute as part of its brand identity, used on building signage, web pages, branded apparel, and the uniforms of sports teams. They can promote connection to the school, known as "school spirit", and help differentiate it from other institutions.
Francesco Neffat
Francesco Neffat (Franjo Nefat), was an antifascist, politician and blacksmith from Pula,  Croatia who contributed to the liberation of Pula during World War 2, and to the annexation of Istria to Croatia. He was the first president of the People's Committee of Pula (Chief Executive of Pula) from 1947 to 1954.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Garth Owen-Smith
Garth Owen-Smith (22 February 1944 – 11 April 2020) was a South African-Namibian environmentalist. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1993, jointly with Margaret Jacobsohn, for their efforts on conservation of wildlife in Namibia, where illegal hunting was threatening species such as elephants, lions and black rhinos.

Garth Owen-Smith realised local communities are the solution to conservation, not the problem they were at that time believed to be. From this basic philosophical shift, flowed the community-based natural resource management concept, which is at the root of Namibia’s spectacular successes in large-scale conservation.

He was awarded the Global 500 Roll of Honour in 1994.

Global 500 Roll of Honour
The Global 500 Roll of Honour was an award given from 1987 to 2003 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The award recognized the environmental achievements of individuals and organizations around the world. A successor system of UNEP awards called Champions of the Earth started in 2005.
Stroop - Journey into the Rhino Horn War
STROOP - Journey into the Rhino Horn War is a 2018 South African documentary film about rhino poaching made by first-time filmmakers Bonné de Bod, an SABC wildlife presenter and Susan Scott, a trained cinematographer. The title "Stroop" refers to the Afrikaans word for poach. Presented by de Bod, the film also includes the participation of Trang Nguyen, Jane Goodall and Karen Trendler. The film premiered at the San Francisco Green Film Festival in September 2018 before receiving a theatrical release in South Africa. It was released digitally worldwide on 12 February 2019.

SABC
The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) is the public broadcaster in South Africa, and provides 19 radio stations (AM/FM) as well as 6 television broadcasts and 3 OTT Services to the general public. It is one of the largest of South Africa's state-owned enterprises and the biggest state broadcaster in Africa.

Opposition politicians and civil society often criticise the SABC, accusing it of being a mouthpiece for whichever political party is in majority power, thus currently the ruling African National Congress; during the apartheid era it was accused of playing the same role for the National Party government.
Outline VPN
Outline VPN is a free and open-source tool that deploys Shadowsocks servers on multiple cloud service providers. The software suite also includes client software for multiple platforms. Outline was developed by Jigsaw, a technology incubator created by Google.[3]

The Outline Server supports self-hosting, as well as cloud service providers including DigitalOcean, Rackspace, Google Cloud Platform, and Amazon EC2. Installation involves running a command on its command-line interface, or in the case of installing on DigitalOcean or Google Cloud, its graphical user interface.

DigitalOcean
DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational technology company and cloud service provider. The company is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado, US, with 15 globally distributed data centers. DigitalOcean provides developers, startups, and SMBs with cloud infrastructure-as-a-service platforms.

DigitalOcean also runs Hacktoberfest, a one-month-long celebration of open-source software held in October. Each year, it partners with different software companies, including GitHub, Twilio, Dev.to, Intel, Appwrite and Deep Source.
Anthony Drazan
Anthony Drazan is an American film director and screenwriter. He grew up in Rockville Centre, New York.

He is best known for writing and directing the 1992 film Zebrahead, his film writing and directing debut.  The film was produced by Chuck Mitchell.

His other film directing credits include Imaginary Crimes starring Harvey Keitel and Hurlyburly starring Sean Penn. He also directed episodes of the television series Trinity and The West Wing. His last directing credit was the 2003 television pilot E.D.N.Y.

From 2011 to 2014, Drazan performed on stage in scripted one-man shows including an Off-Broadway production of The Leak, The Nod.

Trinity (American TV series)
Trinity is an American family drama television series created by Matthew Carnahan that aired on the broadcast network NBC from October 16, 1998, to November 6, 1998. Only four of the first season's nine episodes were aired before the series was cancelled by NBC in March 1999. Among the main cast was Louis Ferreira, Jill Clayburgh, Tate Donovan, and Sam Trammell.

Two of the show's stars, Kim Raver and Bobby Cannavale, would also be cast in another NBC drama, Third Watch.
Marie-Aimée Lebreton
Marie-Aimée Lebreton (born 1962 in Bouïra, Kabylie) is a French writer. She obtained a PhD in the philosophy of art and studied at the Conservatoire de Paris. She teaches at the University of Lorraine and lives in Paris.

Her first book was published in 2005 by Editions Pleins Feux. It was titled How Clémentine, Who is Deaf, Became a Musician, and had a preface by Sylviane Agacinski. Cent sept ans, her first novel, won the Prix Alain Fournier. Her 2020 novel Jacques et la corvée de bois deals with the absurdity of the Algerian war.

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
Gale Harold
Gale Morgan Harold III (born July 10, 1969) is an American actor, known for his leading and recurring roles on Queer as Folk, Deadwood, Desperate Housewives, Grey's Anatomy, The Secret Circle and Defiance. He also starred in the romantic comedy Falling for Grace.

San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) was a private college of contemporary art in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1871, SFAI was one of the oldest art schools in the United States and the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Approximately 220 undergraduates and 112 graduate students were enrolled in 2021. The institution was accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), and was a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). The school closed permanently in July 2022.
Street art in Sarajevo
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina has gained international fame for its diverse range of street art and associated subcultures. The city has a long history of street art that was first tied to various subcultures in the 1970s and 1980s. During the Bosnian war political and anti-war street art was one of the main artistic focal points of the besieged city. Today, Sarajevo is a European center for street art and hosts two international festivals dedicated to the art form.

Anti-war movement
An anti-war movement is a social movement in opposition to one or more nations' decision to start or carry on an armed conflict. The term anti-war can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts, or to anti-war books, paintings, and other works of art. Some activists distinguish between anti-war movements and peace movements. Anti-war activists work through protest and other grassroots means to attempt to pressure a government (or governments) to put an end to a particular war or conflict or to prevent one from arising.
Revolution (Marvel Comics)
"Revolution", known colloquially as "X-Revolution", was the title given to the May 2000 revamp of Marvel Comics' X-Men-related comic books, released at a time coinciding with the publication of X-Men vol. 2 #100.

X-Force
X-Force is a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. Conceived by writer/illustrator Rob Liefeld, the team first appeared in New Mutants #100 (April 1991) and soon afterwards was featured in its own series called X-Force. The group was originally a revamped version of the 1980s team the New Mutants.

X-Force's first leader was the mutant Cable. An offshoot of the X-Men, X-Force takes a more militant and aggressive approach towards its enemies compared to the X-Men.

An alternate incarnation of X-Force appears in the 2018 film Deadpool 2 as part of the X-Men film series. A planned X-Force film adaptation was in production at 20th Century Fox, but canceled after Disney acquired the studio.
SARON
The Swiss Average Rate Overnight (SARON) is a measurement of the overnight interest rate of the secured funding market denominated in Swiss Franc (CHF). It is based on transactions and quotes posted in the Swiss repo market, and is administered by SIX.

Internationally, there is a consensus that financial benchmarks need to be resilient and reliable. Repo markets, in their role as the backbone of the financial industry and central bank activity, are the obvious choice. They are liquid, highly regulated, and stable. The National Working Group on the Swiss Franc reference rate, which leads efforts to reform benchmark interest rates, has recommended SARON as the alternative to CHF Libor.

In 2020, the SARON, along with the SAION (SARON Index), was endorsed under the EU Benchmarks Regulation and is registered with the European Securities and Markets Authority, which means that it can be used as an underlying for financial products sold in the EU.

European Securities and Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris.

ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision in Paris, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) also in Paris and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in Frankfurt.
Dominik Kaufner
Dominik Alexander Kaufner (born 1983 in Mainburg) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg since 2024. He has served as chairman of the Alternative for Germany in Havelland since 2020.

Havelland (district)
Havelland (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːfəlˌlant]) is a district or county in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Ostprignitz-Ruppin and Oberhavel, the city-state of Berlin, the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark, the city of Brandenburg and the state of Saxony-Anhalt (districts of Jerichower Land and Stendal).