hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedman v. Rogers
Friedman et al. v. Rogers et al., 440 U.S. 1 (1979) was a Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a Texas law, the Texas Optometry Act, which prohibited optometrists from using trade names for commercial purposes and which requires that 4/6 of the members of the Texas Optometry Board be members of the Texas Optometric Association is constitutional. In its decision the Supreme Court overruled the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas's ruling in that prohibition against trade name was an unnecessary and unjustified stifling of First Amendment Commercial speech. The decision further upheld a State's Tenth Amendment right to control and regulate their professional licensing boards and organizations.

Commercial speech
In law, commercial speech is speech or writing  on behalf of a business with the intent of earning revenue or a profit. It is economic in nature and usually attempts to persuade consumers to purchase the business's product or service. The Supreme Court of the United States defines commercial speech as speech that "proposes a commercial transaction".
Karonga North (Malawi Parliament constituency)
Karonga North is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Karonga District of Malawi's Northern Region. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system. The constituency is currently represented by DPP MP Vincent Winstone Ghambi.

Karonga District
Karonga is a district in the Northern Region of Malawi. The district covers an area of 3,355 km.² and has a population of 365,028. It is a border district between Malawi and Tanzania's Mbeya Region's Kyela District. Chitumbuka is the major language spoken in the district and is also the second language of several other ethnic groups in the district such as the Ngonde people, among others. The majority of the population are mainly the Tumbuka people and a few Ngonde people (migrants from Tanzania).

Karonga District is the main border from Tanzania into Malawi, and the capital is Karonga. The district shares internal boundary with Rumphi District in the South and Chitipa District to the North.
Meleán
Meleán is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro Meleán (born 1987), American-Bolivian football player

Jill-Michele Meleán, American actress and stand-up comedian

Yoraxi Meleán (born 1975), Venezuelan-Spanish volleyball player

Alejandro Meleán
Alejandro Meleán Villarroel (born June 16, 1987) is an American-born Bolivian professional football player who currently plays for Oriente Petrolero in the Bolivian Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano.
Red Tail Reborn
Red Tail Reborn is a 2007 historical documentary film by Adam White about the Commemorative Air Force's Red Tail Project.  The project involves the restoration, exhibition and maintenance of a World War II P-51 Mustang flown by the United States Air Force 332d Fighter Group.  The exhibition of this plane is considered to be a traveling and flying tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen. In addition to increasing awareness of the travails of the Tuskegee Airmen, this film served to highlight the Red Tail Project fundraising effort to rebuild the plane after a 2004 crash.

The film was initially broadcast and released on DVD in 2007 in the director's home state of Ohio, winning local Emmy Award recognition.  The following year, it was broadcast nationally for the first time on Public Broadcasting Services (PBS) stations.  The film had a sequel called Flight of the Red Tail.

332d Expeditionary Operations Group
The 332d Expeditionary Operations Group is a provisional air expeditionary group of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command, currently active. It was inactivated on 8 May 2012 and reactivated 16 November 2014.

The group forms part of the lineage of the World War II 332d Fighter Group, known as the Tuskegee Airmen. This title refers to all who trained in the Army Air Forces African-American pilot training program at Moton Field and Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama, between 1941 and 1945. It includes pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, and personnel who kept aircraft flying.
2008 Legg Mason Tennis Classic
The 2008 Legg Mason Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 40th edition of the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C., United States, from August 9 through August 17, 2008.

The singles were led by ATP No. 9, San Jose and Dubai titlist, Los Angeles finalist, and defending champion Andy Roddick, winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart, Kitzbühel and Los Angeles Juan Martín del Potro, and Dubai finalist and Wimbledon quarterfinalist Feliciano López. Other seeds were Indian Wells quarterfinalist Tommy Haas, Indian Wells runner-up and Los Angeles semifinalist Mardy Fish, Marat Safin, Marc Gicquel and Marcel Granollers.

2008 SAP Open
The 2008 SAP Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 120th edition of the SAP Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California, United States, from February 18 through February 24, 2008.

The singles draw featured ATP No. 6 and 2007 Davis Cup champion Andy Roddick, Australian Open quarterfinalist and other 2007 Davis Cup champion James Blake, and 2007 US Open quarterfinalist Tommy Haas. Other seeds were Sydney semifinalist Radek Štěpánek, 2007 SAP Open quarterfinalist Hyung-taik Lee, Jürgen Melzer, Sam Querrey and Kristof Vliegen.

The event started off with an exhibition match between fourteen time Grand Slam champion Pete Sampras and Tommy Haas, replacing injured Marat Safin, scheduled to play the exhibition in the first place. The retired American legend defeated his opponent 6–4, 6–2.
Luciana Arrighi
Luciana Maria Arrighi AM (born 1940) is an Australian and Italian production designer. In 1993, she won an Oscar for Best Art Direction for the film Howards End (1992). She also earned two more Oscar nominations in the same category for The Remains of the Day (1993) in 1994, and Anna and the King (1999) in 2000. In 2003, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Art Direction for the television film The Gathering Storm (2002).

Gillian Armstrong
Gillian May Armstrong  (born 18 December 1950) is an Australian feature film and documentary director, best known for My Brilliant Career (1979), Mrs. Soffel (1984), High Tide (1987), The Last Days of Chez Nous (1992), and Little Women (1994). She is a Member of the Order of Australia. She has won many film awards, including an AFI Best Director Award, has been nominated for numerous others, and is the holder of several honorary doctorates.
Harpagolestes
Harpagolestes ("hooked thief") is an extinct genus of hyena like, bear sized mesonychid mesonychian that lived in Central and Eastern Asia and western and central North America during the middle to late Eocene. It has been suggested that Harpagolestes is a wastebasket genus for fragmentary Eocene mesonychids.

Wastebasket taxon
Wastebasket taxon (also called a waste-bin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by either their designated members' often superficial similarity to each other, or their lack of one or more distinct character states or by their not belonging to one or more other taxa. Wastebasket taxa are by definition either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and are therefore not considered valid taxa under strict cladistic rules of taxonomy. The name of a wastebasket taxon may in some cases be retained as the designation of an evolutionary grade, however.
Castel Rigone
Castel Rigone is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Passignano sul Trasimeno, Umbria, central Italy.

As of 2001, it had 406 inhabitants, and is located 12 km from Passignano. According to tradition, the name derives from that of an Ostrogoth commander, Rigo, who in 543 had set here a base for the siege of Perugia during the Gothic Wars.

The village has a late 15th-century church (Madonna del Miracoli), built by a pupil of Bramante.

It's the hometown of the Italian Fashion Designer Brunello Cucinelli.

Churches of Castel Rigone

Santissimo Sacramento

Madonna dei Miracoli

San Bartolomeo

Donato Bramante
Donato Bramante (1444 – 11 April 1514), born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect and painter. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of the design executed by Michelangelo. His Tempietto (San Pietro in Montorio) marked the beginning of the High Renaissance in Rome (1502) when Pope Julius II appointed him to build a sanctuary over the spot where Peter was martyred.
1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
The annual election to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its "Parliamentary Committee") was conducted in 1987. In addition to the 16 members elected, the Leader (Neil Kinnock), Deputy Leader (Roy Hattersley), Labour Chief Whip (Derek Foster), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (Cledwyn Hughes), and Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (Stan Orme) were automatically members.

Following the 1987 general election, there were significant changes to the cabinet. Barry Jones, Peter Shore, Peter Archer and Giles Radice lost their seats, and other familiar faces such as Denis Healey did not stand. Michael Meacher, Robert Hughes, Robin Cook, Frank Dobson, Gordon Brown, Jo Richardson and Jack Straw gained seats.

Robert Hughes, Baron Hughes of Woodside
Robert Hughes, Baron Hughes of Woodside (3 January 1932 – 7 January 2022) was a British Labour Party politician and life peer who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for 27 years, and was also Chair of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) from 1976 until it was dissolved in 1995 after the ending of apartheid in South Africa.
Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.

Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12  (IL-12) is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, helper T cells and human B-lymphoblastoid cells (NC-37) in response to antigenic stimulation. IL-12 belongs to the family of interleukin-12. IL-12 family is unique in comprising the only heterodimeric cytokines, which includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35. Despite sharing many structural features and molecular partners, they mediate surprisingly diverse functional effects.
Primo Victoria
Primo Victoria (Latin for "Victory First") is the debut studio album by the Swedish power metal band Sabaton.

The band had previously recorded the full-length album Metalizer with Italian label Underground Symphony, but due to conflicts its release was delayed until 2007. Primo Victoria instead became Sabaton's debut album, recorded in 2004 in Abyss Studios, and released the following year with their new label, Black Lodge Records.

In 2010 the album was re-released on German label Nuclear Blast, with six additional bonus tracks, under the name Primo Victoria Re-Armed. The re-release reached 43rd place in the Swedish album charts.

Pär Sundström
Pär Sundström (born 8 June 1981) is a Swedish bass guitarist. He and Joakim Brodén are the last remaining founding members of the power metal band Sabaton. He is also the band's manager and one of the band's lyricists, along with Brodén.
Privokzalny (inhabited locality)
Privokzalny (Russian: Привокза́льный; masculine), Privokzalnaya (Привокза́льная; feminine), or Privokzalnoye (Привокза́льное; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Modern rural localities

Privokzalny, Oryol Oblast, a settlement in Nizhne-Zalegoshchensky Selsoviet of Zalegoshchensky District of Oryol Oblast

Privokzalny, Ryazan Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoozerkovsky Rural Okrug of Sarayevsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Privokzalny, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Historical inhabited localities

Privokzalny, Moscow Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Moscow Oblast; since 2003—a part of the town of Volokolamsk

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Hopewell Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
40°38′00″N 80°14′56″W﻿ / ﻿40.63333°N 80.24889°W﻿ / 40.63333; -80.24889
Hopewell Township is a township in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,506 at the 2020 census. It surrounds the city of Aliquippa and shares the city's ZIP Code. Hopewell Township is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
Oliver Paipoonge
Oliver Paipoonge is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located directly west of the city of Thunder Bay. The municipality was formed on January 1, 1998, with the amalgamation of the former Township of Oliver and Township of Paipoonge.

The municipality is part of Thunder Bay's Census Metropolitan Area.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Disa begleyi
Disa begleyi is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs at Jonkershoek and Elgin. The plant has a distribution area of less than 500 km2 and grows on open slopes at approximately 1 200 m above sea level. The plant is considered rare.

Jonkershoek Nature Reserve
Jonkershoek Nature Reserve is a CapeNature nature reserve located approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-east of the town of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It covers an area of approximately 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres).
2004 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2004 V8 Supercar Championship Series was an Australian racing series for V8 Supercars. It began on 21 March 2004 at the Adelaide Street Circuit and ended on 5 December at Eastern Creek Raceway after 13 rounds. It was the sixth running of the V8 Supercar Championship Series. The series winner was also awarded the 45th Australian Touring Car Championship title by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport.

The championship was won by Marcos Ambrose of the Stone Brothers Racing.

Sydney Motorsport Park
Sydney Motorsport Park (known until May 2012 as Eastern Creek International Raceway) is a motorsport circuit located on Brabham Drive, Eastern Creek (40-kilometres west of the Sydney CBD), New South Wales, Australia, adjacent to the Western Sydney International Dragway. It was built and is owned by the New South Wales Government and is operated by the Australian Racing Drivers Club.
Karakontie
Karakontie (foaled 30 January 2011) is a Japanese-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He was one of the best French-trained two-year-olds of 2013 when he won three of his four races including the Prix La Rochette and Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère. He returned to win the Poule d'Essai des Poulains on his second start as a three-year-old but was given a long break after running poorly in the Prix du Jockey Club. On his return to the track in autumn he recorded his biggest win when taking the Breeders' Cup Mile.

Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère
The Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère, formerly the Grand Critérium, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,400 metres (about 7 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.

It is France's oldest and most prestigious event for juvenile horses. It is the country's equal richest race for this age group, along with the Prix Morny. Each has a current purse of €400,000.
Ricardo Rio
Ricardo Bruno Antunes Machado Rio (born 21 November 1972) is a Portuguese economist and politician, currently serving as mayor of Braga.

A member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), he became mayor in the 2013 local elections in coalition with the CDS – People's Party and People's Monarchist Party. Since the first democratic elections in 1976, the city had been presided over by Mesquita Machado of the Socialist Party, who did not run in 2013 due to term limits.

In April 2017, the PSD voted unanimously for him to be their mayoral candidate for the elections in October. One of his policies was to convert Braga into a smart city. He won a second term, with his right-wing coalition getting 53% of the votes.

Rio's coalition, now including the Alliance, won a third absolute majority in 2021. He called this victory one in a "very different scenario" due to the arrival of rival right-wing parties in Chega and the Liberal Initiative.

Liberal Initiative
The Liberal Initiative (Portuguese: Iniciativa Liberal [inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal], IL) is a liberal political party in Portugal. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by Mariana Leitão, who was elected in July 2025. The party has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists. It has 9 elected seats out of a total of 230 in the Portuguese Parliament.

The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament. It had run in its first elections in May 2019 for the European Parliament and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election.

The party espouses a liberal economic platform, supporting a simplification and reduction of the tax burden, liberalisation of the labour market, an equitable and universal welfare state, as well as cultural and secular liberalism.
Lumbini Province cricket team
Lumbini Province Cricket team is a Nepali professional cricket team, based in the Lumbini Province,Nepal. The team competes in Prime Minister Cup and Jay Trophy.  The team is currently being run under the Lumbini Province Cricket Association.

Prime Minister Cup Men's National Cricket Tournament
The Prime Minister Cup Men's National Cricket Tournament (Nepali: प्रधानमन्त्री कप पुरुष राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता) is a premier domestic One-day cricket tournament in Nepal. It was  organised annually  by the Cricket Association of Nepal.  This tournament featured 10 teams which are 7 Provincial teams and 3 Departmental teams.

The teams represent the seven provinces of Nepal, and three departmental teams. The current champions are Nepal Police Club.
Stacey Reece
Stacey Reece is a politician in the state of Georgia. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives representing District 27. He has lived in Gainesville, Georgia.

He attended Gainesville College and North Georgia College and State University.

He was born in Dawson County, Georgia. He represented Hall County, Georgia. He campaigned for a Department of Transportation board seat.

He was succeeded by Doug Collins.

Dawson County, Georgia
Dawson County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,798 up from 22,330 in 2010. The county seat is Dawsonville.

Dawson County is included in the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area. Its natural resources include Amicalola Falls, the highest falls in Georgia and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the state.
Cam Smith (artist)
Cam Smith is a British comic book artist and inker known to British comic book readers for his work on 2000 AD and in the American comic book market for his collaborations with Ed McGuinness and Gary Frank, inking that would earn him an Eisner Award nomination.

Ed McGuinness
Edward McGuinness is an American comic book artist and penciller, who has worked on books such as Superman, Superman/Batman, Deadpool, and Hulk. His pencil work is frequently inked by Dexter Vines, and as such, their cover work carries the stylized signature "EdEx". McGuinness frequent collaborator, writer Jeph Loeb, had characterized McGuinness' art style as incorporating elements of artists Jack Kirby and Arthur Adams.
Cullen Bailey
Cullen Benjamin Bailey (born 26 February 1985) is a former Australian first-class cricketer. A leg-spin bowler, he represented South Australia in the Ryobi Cup and Sheffield Shield, the Australian domestic cricket competitions.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
My Wife (1964 film)
La mia signora (internationally released as My Wife) is a 1964 Italian comedy film directed by  Tinto Brass, Mauro Bolognini and Luigi Comencini.

It consists of five episodes, all starring Alberto Sordi and Silvana Mangano.

The episode Eritrea, directed by Comencini, was later remade by Sergio Corbucci as the film Rimini Rimini (1987).

Sergio Corbucci
Sergio Corbucci (Italian: [ˈsɛrdʒo korˈbuttʃi]; 6 December 1926 – 1 December 1990) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the main exponents of the Spaghetti Western genre during the 1960s and 1970s, with his most notable works including the original Django, Navajo Joe, The Great Silence, The Mercenary, and Compañeros. He also had a successful career directing comedies.

Corbucci is sometimes referred to as "the other Sergio", referring to fellow Spaghetti Western director Sergio Leone.