hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Hotel Bellevue (Berlin)
The Grand Hotel Bellevue was a hotel on the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany. It was designed by architect Ludwig Heim and opened in 1888. Initially it was called the Hôtel du Parc, later it was also known as the Thiergarten-Hotel. The hotel was demolished in 1928 and Erich Mendelsohn's modern Columbushaus skyscraper was constructed on the site, opening in 1932. It was demolished in 1957 and the site remained vacant until after German reunification, when the Beisheim Center was built there.

The Hôtel du Parc is one of the locations in Theodor Fontane's novel, Cécile.

Erich Mendelsohn
Erich Mendelsohn (German pronunciation: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈmɛndl̩ˌzoːn] ⓘ); 21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German-British architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas. Mendelsohn was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture, notably with his 1921 Mossehaus design.
Kazuo Tsukuda
Kazuo Tsukuda (佃 和夫, Tsukuda Kazuo) is the chairman of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group.

Born in 1943. Tsukuda graduated from the School of Engineering of the University of Tokyo in 1968 with an advanced degree in marine mechanical engineering and joined Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) immediately after graduation. After years with the company he eventually became deputy general manager of Takasago Machinery Works and, later, general manager of Nagoya Machinery Works.

Tsukuda became a member of the board of directors of MHI in June 1999. In April 2002 he was appointed a managing director and the general manager for the Global Strategic Planning & Operations Headquarters. In June 2003, Tsukuda became president of MHI. Tsukuda became a director and a advisor of MHI in April 2013 and an advisor of MHI in June 2013.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (三菱重工業株式会社, Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha; MHI) is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Motors.

MHI's products include aerospace and automotive components, air conditioners, elevators, forklift trucks, hydraulic equipment, printing machines, missiles, tanks, power systems, ships, aircraft, railway systems, and space launch vehicles. Through its defense-related activities, it is the world's 23rd-largest defense contractor measured by 2011 defense revenues and the largest based in Japan.
Karl Kroepfli
Karl Kroepfli was a footballer who played for FC Basel. He played as defender.

Kroepfli joined FC Basel's first team in 1918 and between the years 1918 and 1921 Kroepfli played a total of 13 games for Basel, scoring one goal. 11 of these games were in the Swiss Serie A and two were friendly games. He played his first league game for the club in the 1918–19 Serie A season on 13 October 1918 in the away game against Luzern. He scored only one goal for the club and this was on 29 May 1921. It was the last goal of the game against Karlsruher FV. This was a test game in the Landhof and Basel won by six goals to nil. It was also the last game that Kroepfli played for the club.

FC Luzern
Fussball-Club Luzern (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː luˈtsɛrn]), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss sports club based in Lucerne (German: Luzern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Super League, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, and has won the national title once and the national cup three times.

The club colours are blue and white, derived from the City of Lucerne and Canton of Lucerne coats of arms. The club plays its home games at Swissporarena which was newly built in 2011 at the place of the old Stadion Allmend.

FC Luzern was founded in 1901. It has non-professional departments for women's football, volleyball, boccia and gymnastics.
Southwark College
Southwark College is a further education college located in the London Borough of Southwark. The college at one time had seven sites; it is now based at a building on The Cut, opposite Southwark tube station. The college has been part of Newcastle College Group since 2017.

Southwark tube station
Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/) is a London Underground station. It is located in the London Borough of Southwark at the corner of Blackfriars Road and The Cut. The station is on the Jubilee line, between Waterloo and London Bridge stations. It is in London fare zone 1.

The station was opened on 20 November 1999 as part of the Jubilee Line Extension. It is Grade II listed.
Cerys Hafana
Cerys Havana Hickman, known professionally as Cerys Hafana, is a multi-instrumentalist and composer from Machynlleth, Wales.

They are a member of AVANC (Ensemble Gwerin Ieuenctid Cymru (English: The Youth Folk Ensemble of Wales)).

In 2022, they released the album Edyf, based on songs found in the National Library of Wales. The album was shortlisted for the 2022‍–‍2023 Welsh Music Prize and the Welsh-language album of the year. The Guardian named it one of the top ten folk albums of 2022.

They contributed an essay to the 2022 anthology Welsh (Plural). The essay was met with a controversial reception.

Welsh Music Prize
The Welsh Music Prize (Welsh: Gwobr Gerddoriaeth Gymreig) is an annual music prize awarded for the best album from Wales, as voted for by members of the music industry based on artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label. It was founded by music promoter John Rostron and radio presenter Huw Stephens in 2011. It was originally scheduled to take place alongside Sŵn music festival in Cardiff but sometimes takes place later in the year.

Prior to the awards, Welsh TV Show The Pop Factory held its own award ceremony between 2003 and 2007. From 2004 onwards the Best Album category was won by a Welsh artist, therefore allowing this to be seen as a spiritual pre-successor of the awards, although this was by a public vote and not a judging panel. Prior to this, the short-lived Welsh Music Awards between 2001 and 2004 also had a Best Album category, with the 2005 Pop Factory Awards only nominating Welsh artists, possibly in response to the awards ceasing.
2015 Trans-Am Series
The 2015 Trans-Am Series was the 47th running of the Sports Car Club of America's Trans Am Series. Amy Ruman won an impressive 8 races, and made history for the second time by becoming the first woman ever to win a Trans Am Series Championship, in addition to her unprecedented first win in 2011.

Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.
Ilandaikulam
Ilandaikulam is a village in Madurai district, India. It is about 2 km (1.2 mi) from Maatuthavani bus stand. It is also very close to the ring road. The Tamil Nadu government has plans to open the IT park very soon here. Elcot has proposed that the IT park will be built in 50 acres (200,000 m2).

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Nighantu
Nighaṇṭu (Sanskrit: निघण्टु, IPA: [nɪɡʱɐɳʈʊ]) is a Sanskrit term for a traditional collection of words, grouped into thematic categories, often with brief annotations.  Such collections share characteristics with glossaries and thesauri, but are not true lexicons, such as the kośa of Sanskrit literature.  Particular collections are also called nighaṇṭava.

While a number of nighantavas devoted to specialized subjects exist, the eponymous Nighantu of the genre is an ancient collection, handed down from Vedic times.  It was the subject of the Nirukta, a commentary, together with a treatise on etymology, by Yaska.  Technically, Yaska's Nirukta should designate his commentary only, but traditionally the Nighantu has been understood to be included in it.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.
Jovito Salonga
Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation: [hoˈvito sɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was then elected as the 14th president of the Senate of the Philippines and the first one after the new Constitution was just ratified, serving from 1987 up to his retirement from politics in 1992.

Salonga was known as the "Nation's Premier Fiscalizer." He is the only person to top the bar exam and the senatorial race multiple times (with the sole record of three elections garnering the highest number of popular votes in 1965, 1971, and 1987 immediately after People Power).

Proclamation No. 1081
Proclamation No. 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.

The proclamation marked the onset of a 14-year period of authoritarian rule, which would include eight years of Martial Law (de jure ending on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045), but not de facto: followed by five more years where Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator.

Marcos was eventually ousted on February 25, 1986, as a result of the EDSA People Power Revolution.
Safet Zhulali
Safet Zhulali (11 March 1944 – 12 April 2002) was an Albanian politician who served as Defence Minister in the Meksi I & II Governments. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1992 until 1997.

Ministry of Defence (Albania)
The Ministry of Defence (Albanian: Ministria e Mbrojtjes) is a department of the Albanian Government, in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and ordering, coordinating and carrying out the general guidelines of the Cabinet about the defence policy, and is the headquarters of the Military of Albania. It is Albania's ministry of defence.

The Defence Minister of Albania is the nominal head of all the military, serving under the President of Albania, who is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Albania. The defence minister exercises the administrative and operational authority over the military. The armed forces under the Ministry of Defence are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of the nation.
Alperton (ward)
Alperton is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Brent. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns three councillors to Brent London Borough Council.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
1st Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly first started in 1751, but was not active until 1777, when Georgia became one of the Thirteen Colonies and broke away from Great Britain. The 2nd Georgia General Assembly followed two years later. It took place sometime in January, in Savannah, which was the capital of Georgia at the time. The capital was moved to its present location, Atlanta, in 1868. The Assembly has been held once every two years starting in 1777. The Assembly elected the Georgia House of Representatives and Georgia Senate.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)
St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, also known as Old St. Mary's, is a historic church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located in the Society Hill neighborhood at 248 S. Fourth Street between Spruce and Walnut Streets.

Commonly referred to as "Old Saint Mary's", it opened in 1763 and was the second Catholic church in Philadelphia, after Old Saint Joseph's. It is still an active parish of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, with Masses held on Saturdays at 4:30 p.m. and Sunday at 10 a.m. The current pastor is Paul A. DiGirolamo, J.C.D.  The church is twinned with Holy Trinity Church at 6th and Spruce Streets, which serves as a worship site of St. Mary and which has Masses on holy days at 12 noon.

Archdiocese of Philadelphia
The Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Latin: Archidiœcesis Philadelphiensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The seat of the archbishop is the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia. Nelson J. Pérez is the archbishop.
Joseph H. M. Steenbrink
Joseph Henri Maria Steenbrink (born 1947) is a Dutch mathematician, specializing in algebraic geometry.

Steenbrink received in 1974 his doctorate from the University of Amsterdam with thesis advisor Frans Oort and thesis Limits of Hodge Structures and Intermediate Jacobians. He is now a professor at Radboud University Nijmegen.

His research deals with singularity theory (including three-dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties), mixed Hodge structures (after Pierre Deligne), and variation of Hodge structures (after Phillip Griffiths).

Steenbrink was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1990 in Kyoto.

His doctoral students include Aise Johan de Jong.

In addition to his mathematical work, Steenbrink is a harpsichordist, organist, and choir singer.

Phillip Griffiths
Phillip Augustus Griffiths IV (born October 18, 1938) is an American mathematician, known for his work in the field of geometry, and in particular for the complex manifold approach to algebraic geometry. He is a major developer in particular of the theory of variation of Hodge structure in Hodge theory and moduli theory, which forms part of transcendental algebraic geometry and which also touches upon major and distant areas of differential geometry. He also worked on partial differential equations, coauthored with Shiing-Shen Chern, Robert Bryant and Robert Gardner on Exterior Differential Systems.
Salon of 1801
The Salon of 1801 was an art exhibition held at the Louvre in Paris held between 18 September and 31 October 1801. It took place during the French Consulate with General Napoleon Bonaparte the dominant force in French society. This was reflected in several of the paintings displayed. Notably Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole by Antoine-Jean Gros depicts a scene from the Italian Campaign. Louis-François Lejeune's The Battle of Marengo depicts a major victory from the same campaign.

Napoleon's wife featured in the Portrait of Josephine Bonaparte by François Gérard. Other paintings on display were the history painting Brutus Condemning His Sons to Death by Guillaume Guillon-Lethière and Portrait of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin by Robert Lefèvre. The sculptor Claude Ramey submitted the marble statuette Sappho.

Stylistically Neoclassicism remained in the ascendency. Jacques-Louis David, one of the leading figures in the French art world, did not exhibit any paintings this year.

French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Consulat) was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.

During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, with his appointment as First Consul, established himself as the head of a more autocratic and centralised republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." By the end of this period, Bonaparte had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as a military dictatorship.
Mała Wierzyca
The Mała Wierzyca or Little Wierzyca is a river of Poland. It is a left-side tributary of the Wierzyca and joins it near Zamek Kiszewski. It flows through the Kashubian Lake District. It flows through Lake Polaszkowskie ("Polaszkowski Protected Landscape Area"), longitudinally through Stare Polaszki and Pałubin, then under the route of voivodeship road no. 214 and flows into the Wierzyca to the east of Kiszewski Castle.

Pałubin
Pałubin [paˈwubin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kiszewa, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
Baqerabad-e Sofla
Baqerabad-e Sofla (Persian: باقرابادسفلي, also Romanized as Bāqerābād-e Soflá) is a village in Hasanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 668, in 139 families.

Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Eslamabad-e Gharb County (Persian: شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب) or Shahabad- Ghrb County (Persian: شهرستان شاه‌آباد غرب) is in Kermanshah Province, Iran, part of what is unofficially referred to as Iranian Kurdistan. Its capital is the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb.
David Curwen
David C. Curwen (30 November 1913 – 26 May 2011) was an English miniature railway steam locomotive mechanical engineer.

Born in Sydenham, South London, and educated at King's School, Canterbury, Curwen worked from 1935 to 1945 for Short Brothers in Rochester as an aircraft engineer.

In 1946, he established his own engineering firm, Baydon. In 1950 he married Barbara Willans, an actress. In 1951 he became Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the Talyllyn Railway in Wales for its first year of preservation.

At the end of the 1951 season, he returned to Devizes, Wiltshire where he went into partnership with A.E. Newbery to create Curwen and Newbery.  He left the partnership in 1966 and established his own workshop at All Cannings, Wiltshire.

He published his autobiography titled Rule of Thumb in 2006, and a review of his work was published as The Miniature Locomotives of David Curwen in 2008, by Dave Holdroyd.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.
Fernkloof Nature Reserve
Fernkloof Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Kleinrivier Mountains above Hermanus, Western Cape Province, South Africa. It is 1,800 hectares (6.9 mi2) in area and its altitude ranges from sea level to 842 metres (2,762 ft).
The reserve harbours over 1300 species of plant.

Here is a complete list, many with photos, of all plant species found in Fernkloof Nature Reserve.

The Fernkloof Nature Reserve comprises 0.002% of the area of the Cape Floral Kingdom but contains 14% of its plant species in just 18 square kilometres. More info here

Cape Floristic Region
The Cape Floral Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.

The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, and is home to over 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.

Much of this diversity is associated with the fynbos biome, a Mediterranean-type, fire-prone shrubland. The economical worth of fynbos biodiversity, based on harvests of fynbos products (e.g. wildflowers) and eco-tourism, is estimated to be in the region of R77 million (~US$5 million) a year.
John Storey Barwick
John Storey Barwick, 1st Baronet of Ashbrooke Grange, J.P., (1840–1915), was an English industrialist involved within quarries, coal-mining, shipping and shipbuilding concerns. He was founder of Easington Colliery in 1899 then known as The Easington Coal Company Limited a privately owned company of which he was chairman. Barwick was made first baronet of Ashbrooke Grange in 1912.

Seaham
Seaham (/ˈsiːəm/ SEE-əm) is a seaside town in County Durham, England. Located on the Durham Coast, Seaham is situated 6 miles (10 kilometres) south of Sunderland and 13 miles (21 km) east of Durham. The town grew from the late 19th century onwards as a result of investments in its harbour and coal mines. The town is twinned with the German town of Gerlingen.
Akbarsho Iskandarov
Akbarsho Iskandarov (born 1 August 1951) is a Tajikistani politician who was twice acting president of Tajikistan. He first served as acting president from October 6, 1991, to December 2, 1991, when Rahmon Nabiyev stepped down to fight Tajikistan's first presidential election. Nabiyev won the election and took over as the first popularly elected president in the country's history, but resigned in September 1992, following a coup d'état. Iskandrov again took the interim presidency and later resigned on 20 November 1992, after which the office of president was abolished and Emomali Rahmon was installed as head of state.

Iskandrov also served as ambassador to Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia.

On 13 June 2024, Iskandrov was among 50 people who were arrested on an alleged coup plot against the government and brought in for questioning. Prosecutors subsequently asked for a 23-year jail sentence for Iskandrov.

1991 Tajik presidential election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Tajikistan on 24 November 1991. The result was a victory for Rahmon Nabiyev of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, who received 60% of the vote. Voter turnout was 86.5%.