hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob Korevaar
Jacob "Jaap" Korevaar (25 January 1923 – 18 March 2025) was a Dutch mathematician. He was part of the faculty of the University of California San Diego and University of Wisconsin–Madison, as well as the University of Amsterdam (Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics).

Korevaar became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1975. He won the 1987 Lester R. Ford Award, and the 1989 Chauvenet Prize, for an essay on Louis de Branges de Bourcia's proof of the Bieberbach conjecture. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Korevaar was the older brother of the Olympic water polo player Nijs Korevaar. He died in Bussum on 18 March 2025, at the age of 102.

Chauvenet Prize
The Chauvenet Prize is an annual award given by the Mathematical Association of America in recognition of an outstanding expository article on a mathematical topic. It consists of a prize of $1,000 and a certificate.

The Chauvenet Prize was the first award established by the Mathematical Association of America. The prize is named in honor of William Chauvenet and was established through a gift from J. L. Coolidge in 1925. A gift from MAA president Walter B. Ford in 1928 allowed the award to be given every three years instead of the originally planned 5 years.
Legio XIV Gemina
Legio XIV Gemina ("The Twinned Fourteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC. The cognomen Gemina (Twinned) was added when the legion was combined with another understrengthed legion after the Battle of Actium. The cognomen Martia Victrix (martial and victorious) was added following their service in the Pannonian War c. AD 9 and the defeat of Boudicca in AD 61. The emblem of the legion was the Capricorn, as with many of the legions levied by Caesar.

Germania Superior
Germania Superior  ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire. It comprised an area of today's western Switzerland, the French Jura and Alsace regions, and southwestern Germany. Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum). It comprised the Middle Rhine, bordering on the Limes Germanicus, and on the Alpine province of Raetia to the south-east. Although it had been occupied militarily since the reign of Augustus, Germania Superior (along with Germania Inferior) was not made into an official province until c. 85 AD.
Sphinx constricta
Sphinx constricta, the Japanese privet hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Japan.

The larvae feed on Enkianthus perulatus, Helwingia japonica, Ilex crenata, Ilex macropoda, Rhododendron, Spiraea salicifolia, Spiraea thunbergii, Viburnum dilatatum and Weigela hortensis.

Viburnum dilatatum
Viburnum dilatatum, commonly known as linden arrowwood or linden viburnum, is a deciduous shrub in the moschatel family (Adoxaceae). It is native to eastern Asia, and can be found as an introduced plant in the mid-Atlantic regions in the U.S from New York to Virginia. Linden arrowwood is known for the clusters of red drupes it produces when it is mature.
Order of Kantakuzina Katarina Branković
The Order of Kantakuzina Katarina Branković (Serbian: Орден Кантакузине Катарине Бранковић, Orden Kantakuzine Katarine Branković) is an ecclesiastical honor bestowed by the Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, an eparchy (diocese) within the Serbian Orthodox Church. This order is conferred upon individuals in recognition of their contributions to the Serbian Orthodox Church in the regions encompassing Croatia and Slovenia.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Hacıhamzalı
Hacıhamzalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,204 (2022). It is to the north of Tarsus and Berdan Dam reservoir. Its distance to Tarsus is 28 kilometres (17 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 55 kilometres (34 mi).

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Ma Yuanzhang
Ma Yuanzhang (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﻳُﻮًا ﺟْﺎ, simplified Chinese: 马元章; traditional Chinese: 馬元章; pinyin: Mǎ Yuánzhāng; Wade–Giles: Ma Yüan-chang) was a Chinese Sufi master, of the Jahriyya menhuan (Naqshbandi Sufi order).

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Etamsylate
Etamsylate (sometimes spelled ethamsylate) is an antihemorrhagic agent which is believed to work by increasing resistance in the endothelium of capillaries and promoting platelet adhesion. It also inhibits biosynthesis and action of those prostaglandins which cause platelet disaggregation, vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Etamsylate is the salt of dobesilic acid and diethylamine.

Diethylamine
Diethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2)2NH. It is classified as a secondary amine. It is a flammable, volatile weakly alkaline liquid that is miscible with most solvents. It is a colorless liquid, but commercial samples often appear brown due to impurities. It has a strong ammonia-like odor.
Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, is a private deemed university at Mullana  near Ambala in the state of Haryana, India. It was founded in 1993 in the name of Maharishi Markandeshwar. It offers undergraduate and post-graduate programs in fields of engineering, hospitality, management, nursing and healthcare.

Deemed university
In India, a deemed university or deemed-to-be-university is an accreditation granted to higher educational institutions by the Ministry of Education under The Section 3 of University Grants Commission Act 1956. According to the ministry's definition, the accreditation indicates, "an Institution of higher education, other than universities, working at a very high standard in specific area of study" and the accreditation grants "the academic status and privileges of a university". According to the UGC  section 3  "The expression 'University' means a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act, and includes any such institution as may, in consultation with the University concerned, be recognized by the Commission in accordance with the regulations made in this behalf under this Act."
Rancho Punta de los Reyes Sobrante
Rancho Punta de los Reyes Sobrante was a 48,189-acre (195.01 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day western Marin County, California, given by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1843 to Antonio Maria Osio. The name means "Leftover of Point Reyes Ranch". It comprised much of what is now western Marin County and the Point Reyes National Seashore.

Manuel Micheltorena
Joseph Manuel María Joaquin Micheltorena y Llano (8 June 1804 – 7 September 1853) was a brigadier general and adjutant-general of the Mexican Army, governor of California, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Las Californias, then within Mexico. Micheltorena was the last non-Californian born Mexican governor, preceding the San Gabriel–born Pío Pico, the last provincial governor.
Dimče Mirčev
Dimče Gjošev Mirčev (Macedonian: Димче Ѓошев Мирчев; 13 November 1913 — 7 April 1944) was a Macedonian communist and partisan. He was awarded posthumously the Order of the People's Hero on 2 August 1949.

Order of the People's Hero
The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero (Serbo-Croatian: Orden narodnog heroja / Oрден народног хероја; Slovene: Red narodnega heroja, Macedonian: Oрден на народен херој, romanized: Orden na naroden heroj) was a Yugoslav gallantry medal, the second highest military award, and third overall Yugoslav decoration. It was awarded to individuals, military units, political and other organisations who distinguished themselves by extraordinary heroic deeds during war and in peacetime. The recipients were thereafter known as People's Heroes of Yugoslavia or National Heroes of Yugoslavia. The vast majority was awarded to partisans for actions during the Second World War. A total of 1,322 awards were awarded in Yugoslavia, and 19 were awarded to foreigners.

In 1998, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia decided to award the Order of the People's Hero again and decorated several military units, but no individuals.
Vela 3B
Vela 3B (also known Vela 6, Vela Hotel 6 and OPS 6564) was a U.S. reconnaissance satellite to detect explosions and nuclear tests on land and in space; the first of the third pair of Vela series satellites; taken together with Vela 3A and ERS 17 satellites.

The secondary task of the ship was space research (X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, magnetic field and charged particles).

The satellite was rotationally stabilized (2 rps). The ship could work in real time mode (one data frame per second) or in data recording mode (one frame every 256 seconds). The first mode was used for the first 40% of the mission's duration. About 1 transmission was received every 4 hours. The second mode was used until the next pair of Vela satellites were launched.

The ship remains in orbit around Earth.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase
In enzymology, a glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine  CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine, whereas its two products are CoA and alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase. Other names in common use include glutamine phenylacetyltransferase, and phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acetyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.

Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.
Randy Richardville
Randall "Randy" Richardville (born August 15, 1959) is a Michigan Republican, who served as Majority Leader of the Michigan State Senate until his tenure ended January 1, 2015 due to term limits. He was state senator for the 17th district, which consists of all of Monroe, southern Washtenaw, and eastern Jackson counties, having taken office on January 1, 2007. He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives for the 56th District from 1998 to 2004. This district covered the area of northeast Monroe County, Michigan.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Jesse L. Martin
Jesse Lamont Martin (né Watkins; January 18, 1969) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his role of Tom Collins on Broadway in the musical Rent and performed on television as NYPD Detective Ed Green on Law & Order, Captain Joe West on The Flash, and professor Alec Mercer on The Irrational.

The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences.

Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for the character Shylock and his famous demand for a "pound of flesh".

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "Hath not a Jew eyes?" on the subject of humanity, and that of Portia on "the quality of mercy". Debate exists on whether the play is antisemitic, with Shylock's insistence on his legal right to the pound of flesh being in opposition to his seemingly universal plea for the rights of all people suffering discrimination.
Alhar Bikaneri
Alhar/Alhad Bikaneri (17 May 1937 – 17 June 2009) was a renowned Hindi Hasya Ras (Humour) and Urdu poet of India. His original name was Shyamlal Sharma. He was born on 17 May 1937 in a small village named Bikaner, Rewari district, Haryana, India.

Rewari district
Rewari district is one of the 22 districts in the state of Haryana, India. It was carved out of Gurgaon district by the Government of Haryana on 1 November 1989. It is also part of the National Capital Region. The administrative headquarter of the district is the city of Rewari, which is also the biggest city in the district. In medieval times, it was an important market town. It is located in southern Haryana. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Haryana after Panchkula.
Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual – Class 2
The Men's individual table tennis – Class 2 tournament at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London took place from 30 August to 3 September 2012 at ExCeL Exhibition Centre. Classes 1-5 were for athletes with a physical impairment that affects their legs, and who competed in a sitting position. The lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment was on an athlete's ability to compete.

In the preliminary stage, athletes competed in six groups of three. Winners of each group qualified for the finals stages.

Excel London
Excel London (formerly styled as ExCeL, an abbreviation for Exhibition Centre London) is an international exhibition and convention centre in the Custom House area of Newham, East London. The facility is situated on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) site on the northern quay of the Royal Victoria Dock in London Docklands, located between Canary Wharf and London City Airport.
Monasterace
Monasterace (Calabrian Greek: Monaseraci; Greek: Μοναστηράκιον, romanized: Monastērákion, lit. 'little monastery') is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Catanzaro and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. The ruins of the ancient Greek city Caulonia are located a short distance north of the frazione Monasterace Marina, on the coast. Also north of Monasterace Marina is the Monasterace Archeological Museum, where finds from Caulonia are exhibited.

Calabrian Greek
Calabrian Greek (endonym: Γκρίκο, Griko; Italian: Grecanico) is the variety of Italiot Greek used by the ethnic Griko people in Calabria, as opposed to the Italiot Greek dialect spoken in the Grecìa Salentina. Both are remnants of the Ancient and Byzantine Greek colonization of the region.

Calabrian Greek is mentioned in the Red Book of UNESCO on endangered languages, together with Griko. In addition, Euromosaic analyses and recognizes it as being an endangered and minority language in the European Union. It is mentioned by Ethnologue as a dialect of Modern Greek in the sense of a modern vernacular language of the Hellenic family (as is the case with Pontic and Tsakonian Greek).
Priscila Bosio
Priscila Bosio (born (1994-11-03)3 November 1994) is an Argentine female volleyball player. She is part of the Argentina women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League
 At club level she played for GELP in 2015, Nautico Sportivo Avellaneda in 2021 and    nowadays Feel Volley Alconbendas

Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkluβ ðe ximˈnasjaj esˈɣɾima la ˈplata]; La Plata Gymnastics and Fencing Club), also known simply as Gimnasia, is an Argentine professional sports club based in the city of La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. Founded in 1887 as "Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima", the club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera División, the first division of the Argentine football league system. The club was most famously managed by footballing legend Diego Maradona, from September 2019 until his death in November 2020.

Apart from football, CGE also hosts a large number of sports such as athletics, basketball, boxing, chess, fencing, futsal, artistic gymnastics, field hockey, martial arts (aikido, karate, kendo, taekwondo), swimming, roller skating, tennis, volleyball, and weightlifting.
Georgina Trujillo Zentella
Georgina Trujillo Zentella (born 17 December 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. She currently serves as a federal deputy in the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress, representing Tabasco from the third electoral region.

LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 63rd session of the Congress of Mexico, was made up of senators and deputies that are members of their respective chambers. It convened on September 1, 2015, and concluded on August 31, 2018. It was succeeded by the LXIV Legislature in 2018.

Senators were elected to office in the 2012 election for a period of six years and therefore exercised their position also in the previous legislature; the deputies, elected in the 2015 election, only held office in the current legislature.
Ankarette Twynho
Ankarette Twynho (Twinnewe, Twyniho; c. 1412–1477) was an English courtier and member of the Somerset gentry and had been a lady's maid to Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence, until the duchess's death, probably from complications following childbirth, in December 1476. Twynho was accused of poisoning her with bad ale. George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, had her seized from her house in April the following year, and after a summary trial, she was found guilty and hanged outside Warwick. The case became a cause célèbre, and historians consider her trial and death to have contributed, with other events, to the Duke of Clarence's eventual downfall and execution in 1478.

Michael Hicks (historian)
Michael A. Hicks (born 1948) is an English historian, specialising in the history of late medieval England, in particular the Wars of the Roses, the nature of late medieval society, and the kings and nobility of the period.
Courtney Storer
Courtney "Coco" Storer (b. c. 1984) is an American chef and co-executive producer and culinary producer for the American TV show The Bear. According to Food & Wine magazine, "chocolate cake, sandwiches, and cannolis are an essential part of the show's storytelling."

Food & Wine
Food & Wine is an American monthly magazine published by People Inc.. It was founded in 1978 by Ariane and Michael Batterberry.  It features recipes, cooking tips, travel information, restaurant reviews, chefs, wine pairings and seasonal/holiday content and has been credited by The New York Times with introducing the dining public to "Perrier, the purple Peruvian potato and Patagonian toothfish".

The premier event for the magazine is the Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colorado. The Classic features wine tasting, cooking demonstrations, and featured speakers as well as a cooking competition. Held annually in June, the event is considered the kickoff to the Aspen summer season and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023.

The winner of Top Chef, the reality television cooking competition, is featured in a spread in this magazine.