hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graded-symmetric algebra
In algebra, given a commutative ring R, the graded-symmetric algebra of a graded R-module M is the quotient of the tensor algebra of M by the ideal I generated by elements of the form:

when |x| is odd

for homogeneous elements x, y in M of degree |x|, |y|. By construction, a graded-symmetric algebra is graded-commutative; i.e.,  and is universal for this.

In spite of the name, the notion is a common generalization of a symmetric algebra and an exterior algebra: indeed, if V is a (non-graded) R-module, then the graded-symmetric algebra of V with trivial grading is the usual symmetric algebra of V. Similarly, the graded-symmetric algebra of the graded module with V in degree one and zero elsewhere is the exterior algebra of V.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
Fire (Scotland) Act 2005
The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 (asp 5) is an act of the Scottish Parliament which made certain reforms to fire and rescue services in Scotland.

During the passage of the bill, the Scottish Executive published a draft fire and rescue framework.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
A 4.0-kilometre (2.5 mi) deep earthquake measuring a  magnitude (Mw ) of 6.2 struck southeastern Afghanistan on 22 June 2022 at 01:24:36 AFT (on 21 June 2022 at 20:54:36 UTC). The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). There were between 1,052 to 1,163 deaths and 1,627 to 2,976 injured in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The worst affected provinces in Afghanistan were Paktika, Paktia, Khost, and Nangarhar. Casualties and damage also occurred in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. At least 10,000 homes collapsed or were severely damaged. The earthquake's shallow hypocenter, proximity to populated areas, and low building quality all contributed to its destructive effects. Shaking was felt over 500 km (310 mi) away by at least 119 million people, including Pakistan's Punjab and parts of India and Iran.

Transpression
In geology, transpression is a type of strike-slip deformation that deviates from simple shear because of a simultaneous component of shortening perpendicular to the fault plane. This movement ends up resulting in oblique shear. It is generally very unlikely that a deforming body will experience "pure" shortening or "pure" strike-slip. The relative amounts of shortening and strike-slip can be expressed in the convergence angle alpha which ranges from zero (ideal strike-slip) to 90 degrees (ideal convergence). During shortening, unless material is lost, transpression produces vertical thickening in the crust. Transpression that occurs on a regional scale along plate boundaries is characterized by oblique convergence. More locally, transpression occurs within restraining bends in strike-slip fault zones.
Oboh
Oboh is an African surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Francisca Oboh Ikuenobe, Nigerian geologist

Hadiza Lantana Oboh (1959–1998), Nigerian pilot

Joseph Oboh Kalu (born 1940), Nigerian boxer

Josephine Oboh Macleod (born 1965), artist and politician

Mabel Oboh (born 1964), Nigerian television broadcaster and politician

Peter Oboh (born 1968), Nigerian boxer

Samuel Oboh (born 1971), Canadian architect

Solomon Oboh (1989–2013), Nigerian football player

Sunday Oboh (born 1987), Nigerian football player

Peter Oboh
Peter Oboh (born 6 September 1968 in Lagos) is a Nigerian born British former professional boxer who competed from 1993 to 2004. He held the British, Commonwealth and WBA Inter-Continental light heavyweight titles between 2002 and 2004.
CNN Checkout Channel
CNN Checkout Channel was a satellite television network operated by ActMedia and Turner Broadcasting System through its CNN and Turner Private Networks subsidiaries. The network was a place-based out-of-home advertising service, fed via televisions installed in the checkout lines of participating supermarkets. The service carried a mixture of news programming provided by CNN, accompanied by national advertising sold by the network. Costs of installing the service's equipment were covered by Turner, and stores received a share of national advertising revenue.

By 1993, CNN Checkout Channel was carried in 840 stores. Reception to the service was mixed; some were neutral to the concept, while cashiers at its participating stores found the in-store televisions broadcasting its programming to be distracting. After believing that it would be too difficult to make the service profitable, Turner discontinued CNN Checkout Channel in March 1993, and took a write-down of $16 million.

Outdoor advertising
Outdoor advertising or out-of-home (OOH) advertising includes public billboards, wallscapes, and posters seen while "on the go". OOH advertising formats fall into four main categories: billboards, street furniture, transit, and alternative.

Advertisements are commonly placed by large companies like Clear Channel Outdoor, Lamar Advertising Company and Outfront Media.
Arbo Valdma
Arbo Valdma (born 20 February 1942 in Pärnu) is an Estonian pianist and music pedagogue. He is a professor of piano at the University of Music in Cologne (Germany). He received his musical education at the Tallinn Conservatory (Estonia) under Bruno Lukk (himself a student of Arthur Schnabel and Paul Hindemith) and later with Nina Emelyanova (a former student of Samuel Feinberg) at the Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow (Masters and Doctorate degrees).

Sammy Fain
Sammy Fain (born Samuel E. Feinberg; June 17, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American composer of popular music. In the 1920s and early 1930s, he contributed numerous songs that form part of The Great American Songbook, and to Broadway theatre.
Voskresenskoye, Meleuzovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Voskresenskoye (Russian: Воскресенское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Voskresensky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,817 as of 2010. There are 34 streets.

Meleuzovsky District
Meleuzovsky District (Russian: Мелеу́зовский райо́н; Bashkir: Мәләүез районы, Mäläwez rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Sterlitamaksky and Ishimbaysky Districts in the north, Burzyansky District in the east, Kugarchinsky and Kuyurgazinsky Districts in the south, Fyodorovsky District in the west, and with Sterlibashevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,234 square kilometers (1,249 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Meleuz (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,159.
Iontocaine
Iontocaine was an anesthetic medication, marketed under the two brand names Numby and Phoresor PM900 by IOMED inc.  It is a local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor, administered via iontophoresis through the skin.  It can numb up to 10 mm of skin in as little as 10 minutes.  It is a 2% lidocaine, 0.01 mg/ml epinephrine solution.  It was manufactured by IOMED, Inc.

Iontocaine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on 21 December 1995.  It was discontinued by the manufacturer in 2005.

Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport of matter due to an applied electric current. The transport is measured in units of chemical flux, commonly μmol/(cm2×hour). 
Iontophoresis has experimental, therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup final
The 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup final was a soccer match to determine the winner of the 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup. The match was the first final of the CONCACAF W Gold Cup, a biennial tournament contested by the women's national teams representing the member associations of CONCACAF and invited guests to decide the champion of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The match was played at Snapdragon Stadium in San Diego, California, United States, on March 10, 2024.

The United States won the inaugural title by defeating Brazil 1–0. The lone goal of the match was scored in first half stoppage time by captain Lindsey Horan.

Snapdragon Stadium
Snapdragon Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in San Diego, California, located on the campus of San Diego State University (SDSU). It is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs football team of the Mountain West Conference (MW), San Diego FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), and San Diego Wave FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).

Known during its planning and early construction phases as Aztec Stadium, ground was broken on August 17, 2020, and the stadium opened on August 19, 2022. It is located at SDSU Mission Valley, a 166-acre (67 ha) noncontiguous expansion parcel west of the main campus. The stadium is accessible from the main campus via the San Diego Trolley at SDSU Transit Center.

The venue was built adjacent to the demolished San Diego Stadium, which had been the home of the school's football program since the stadium opened in 1967 until it was demolished during 2020 and 2021.
Brevundimonas abyssalis
Brevundimonas abyssalis is a Gram-negative, alkali tolerant, psychrotolerant, aerobic, dimorphic prosthecate and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus Brevundimonas which has been isolated from deep-sea floor sediments from Japan.

Prosthecate bacteria
Prosthecate bacteria are a non-phylogenetically related group of Gram-negative bacteria that possess appendages, termed prosthecae.  These cellular appendages, also known as stalks, are neither pili nor flagella, as they are extensions of the cellular membrane and contain cytosol.    One notable group of prosthecates is the genus Caulobacter.
1963 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
The 1963 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held on 26 February to choose the sixth leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Island Bay MP Arnold Nordmeyer.

This is the first time that a new leader had been elected which wasn't triggered by the death of the previous leader.

Fred Hackett
Frederick Hackett (11 November 1901 – 19 March 1963) was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. He was a minister in both the First and Second Labour Governments of New Zealand and later the deputy leader of the opposition.
Heather Jones
Heather D. E. Jones (born October 8, 1970) is a former field hockey player from Canada, who represented her native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There she ended up in seventh place with the Canadian National Women's Team.

Born in Edmonton, Alberta, Jones attended the University of Alberta, competing for the Pandas Field Hockey team from 1988-94.

Canada women's national field hockey team
The Canada women's national field hockey team participates in international field hockey competitions. In 1991, the Canadian men's and women's programs united under the national umbrella of Field Hockey Canada to share funding and infrastructure. The women's team made its first international appearance at the 1978 Women's Hockey World Cup in Madrid, Spain, finishing in fifth place. They were the runner-up at the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup and the bronze medallists at the 1986 Women's Hockey World Cup.

The Canadian women's team participated in the women's international tournament for the first time in 1956. In 1979 Canada hosted 18 countries in Vancouver for that world event; Canada placed 8th. The 1978 Canadian team was the first to enter the Women's World Cup, and placed 5th.
AnyJunk
AnyJunk is a man and van bulky waste collection company. It was established in October 2004 by ex-investment banker Jason Mohr.

Its head office is located in Putney, London. It diverts more than 94% of waste collected from landfill.

In 2011, AnyJunk advised the team for the BBC show The Apprentice, which involved contestants making money from junk removal. Mohr was an expert panellist on The Apprentice: You're Fired.

In March 2018, AnyJunk opened the London Stock Exchange for winning "Business of the Year" at the 2017 Annual Chamber Business Awards. Other awards won by AnyJunk include the CorporateLiveWire award for Innovation in Waste Disposal Service 2018 and 2019, the Most Useful Website 2018 for the GoodWebGuide, and British Chambers of Commerce award for Best Use of Technology 2017.

Putney
Putney (/ˈpʌtni/) is an affluent district in southwest London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, five miles (eight kilometres) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Mikhalina Lysova
Mikhalina Anatolyevna Lysova (Russian: Михалина Анатольевна Лысова; born 29 March 1992) is a Russian visually impaired cross-country skier and biathlete. She has represented Russia at the Paralympics in 2010 and in 2014 competing in the cross-country skiing and biathlon events. She progressed to become one of the most consistent Paralympics Nordic skiers of Russia as she claimed 16 medals in her Paralympic career including 6 gold medals. She was also the recipient of the Order ''For Merit to the Fatherland'' and Order of Friendship awards.

Order of Friendship
The Order of Friendship (Russian: Орден Дружбы, Orden Druzhby) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation established by Boris Yeltsin by presidential decree 442 of 2 March 1994 to reward Russian and foreign nationals whose work, deeds and efforts have been aimed at the betterment of relations with the Russian Federation and its people. The design of order was created by Alexander Zhuk. Its statute was later amended by presidential decree 19 of 6 January 1999, presidential decree 1999 of 7 September 2010, presidential decree 1631 of 16 December 2011, and presidential decree 308 of 16 March 2012. The Order of Friendship is the direct successor of the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples and like the latter, its insignia was similarly designed by Alexander Zhuk.
Beato
Beato is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Affonso Beato (born 1941), Brazilian cinematographer

Antonio Beato (1835–1906), British-Italian photographer, brother of Felice

Carmen Beato (born 1966), Mexican actress

Felice Beato (1832–1909), British-Italian photographer

Felice A. Beato, collective signature used by brothers Felice and Antonio Beato, pioneering photographers

Gerónimo Beato (born 1995), Uruguayan footballer

Pedro Beato (born 1986), Dominican baseball player

Rick Beato (born 1962), American musician

Felice Beato
Felice Beato (c. 1832 – 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the first war photographers as well as a pioneer of travel photography. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, and views and panoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him opportunities to create images of countries, people, and events unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His works provide images of such events as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Opium War, and represent the first substantial body of photojournalism. He influenced other photographers; and his impact in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting.
Al-Qaq
Al-Qaq is a Palestinian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmad Al-Qaq (born 2002), Palestinian footballer

Anis al-Qaq (born 1947), Palestinian Deputy minister, ambassador and dentist

Stephanie Al-Qaq (born 1976), British diplomat

Stephanie Al-Qaq
Stephanie Jane Al-Qaq CMG (born 3 March 1976) is a British diplomat who has served as British Ambassador to Brazil since 2022. She previously served as the Iran Envoy and Director of Iran and Regional Security in 2022.
Belmont Literary and Historical Society Free Library
Belmont Literary and Historical Society Free Library, also known as Belmont Free Library, is a historic library building located at Belmont in Allegany County, New York.  It was built between 1893 and 1904, and is an example of late 19th century vernacular public architecture.  It is a two-story, triangular brick structure that features a three-story clock tower.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Clock tower
Clock towers are a specific type of structure that house a turret clock and have one or more clock faces on the upper exterior walls. Many clock towers are freestanding structures but they can also adjoin or be located on top of another building. Some other buildings also have clock faces on their exterior but these structures serve other main functions.

Clock towers are a common sight in many parts of the world with some being iconic buildings. One example is the Elizabeth Tower in London (usually called "Big Ben", although strictly this name belongs only to the bell inside the tower).
Malleco Province
Malleco Province (Spanish: Provincia de Malleco) is one of two provinces in the southern Chilean region of La Araucanía (IX). Its population as of the 2017 census is 205,124, and it covers an area of 13,433.3 km2 (5,187 sq mi). The provincial capital is the city of Angol.

Malleco Province is known for having the emblematic Malleco Viaduct and the Las Raíces Tunnel, Chile's longest tunnel, which links the eastern part to the rest of the province.

Malleco Viaduct
The Malleco Viaduct (Spanish: Viaducto del Malleco) is a railway bridge located in central Chile, passing over the Malleco River valley, south of Collipulli in the Araucania Region. It was opened by President José Manuel Balmaceda on October 26, 1890. At that time, it was the highest such bridge in the world. The Panamerican Highway passes right next to the viaduct.

A popular myth claims that the bridge was designed by Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel made a bridge proposal, but it was rejected by the Chilean authorities. It was designed by Victorino Aurelio Lastarria and the construction of the bridge was awarded to Schneider et Cie. O Le Creusot, another French company. The bridge was declared a national monument in 1990.

The viaduct has often been referred to as a symbol of progress, among others by former President Ricardo Lagos.
Sayid Hussein Feisal Ali Warabe
Sayid Hussein Feisal Ali Warabe (1991 – December 2017) was a Finnish Muslim of Somali descent who left Finland for Syria to join then the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. He was reported to have been killed in December 2017, at the age of 24.

Islam in Finland
Finland is a Christian majority country, with Islam being a minority faith. The constitution of Finland ensures freedom of religion and Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.

The first Muslims were Tatars who immigrated mainly between 1870 and 1920. Since the late 20th century the number of Muslims in Finland has increased due to immigration. Nowadays, there are dozens of Islamic communities in Finland, but only a minority of Muslims have joined them. According to the Finland official census (2021), there are 20,876 people in Finland belonging to registered Muslim communities, representing 0.37% of the total population. However, majority of Muslims in Finland do not belong to any registered communities. It is estimated that there are between 120,000 and 130,000 Muslims in Finland (2.3%).
Mount Pleasant (Staunton, Virginia)
Mount Pleasant is a historic home and farm and national historic district located near Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia. The house was built about 1780–1810, and is a two-story, hall-parlor plan limestone structure with a rear ell dating to the mid-19th century. It is reflective of architecture of the Federal era. It has an original one-story brick ell. Also on the property are a contributing barn, corncrib, garage, storage shed, chicken house, the spring house, and an equipment shed. The property also include the ruins of a mill.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.