hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Business Communication
The International Journal of Business Communication is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of business communication. The editors-in-chief are Jacqueline and Milton Mayfield (Texas A&M International University). It was established in 1963 and is published by SAGE Publishing in association with the Association for Business Communication.

Business communication
Business communication is communication that is intended to help a business achieve a fundamental goal, through information sharing between employees as well as people outside the company. It includes the process of creating, sharing, listening, and understanding messages between different groups of people through written and verbal formats. The way that people communicate and operate within a business is very vital to how successful the company will be in the business world. Business communication occurs internally, employee-to-employee, or externally, business-to-business or business-to-consumer. This internal and external communication can happen through verbal or non-verbal communication methods. Often these internal and external forms of communication come with barriers, which can prevent the receiver from understanding the information sent by the sender.
Radio AAHS
Radio AAHS was an American radio network owned and operated by the Children's Broadcasting Corporation.

The flagship station of the format was WWTC (1280 AM) in Minneapolis, from where network programming originated at the former First Federal Bank building in St. Louis Park at Minnesota State Highway 100 and Excelsior Boulevard. At its height in 1996, Radio AAHS had 29 affiliates across the U.S. CBC founder Christopher Dahl had acquired WWTC in 1990 to create a format consisting largely of music for children, specifically targeted at 5 to 10 year olds. The format included songs from child-oriented films, but also created a niche for songs recorded specifically to entertain children. The programming was driven, in large part, by listener requests, and many of the choices were little known outside that audience.

Minnesota State Highway 100
Minnesota State Highway 100 (MN 100) is a state highway in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with Interstate 494 (I-494) in Bloomington and continues north to its northern terminus at its interchange with I-694 in Brooklyn Center. The southern end of MN 100 continues in Bloomington as Normandale Boulevard (County Road 34, CR 34). At the north end, the main line of MN 100 merges with I-694 in Brooklyn Center. The route is 16 miles (26 km) in length.
Railways in Buckinghamshire
The railway system of Buckinghamshire has a long and complex history dating back to the 1830s with the opening of sections of today's West Coast Main Line and Great Western Main Line. The development of Buckinghamshire's railway network was largely due to its position nationally  as many long-distance routes chose to go through Buckinghamshire, especially between Britains two largest cities, London and Birmingham. The county had its own pulling power in addition, as produce such as the Aylesbury duck could then be easily transported to the capital.

The railway system expanded enormously throughout the rest of the 19th century, but over-enthusiasm led to the construction of lines that made little, if any, profit. As a result, many of these lines were closed systematically during the 1930s and 1960s. In recent years, the benefits of railway travel have become more widespread, and once again the railway network of Buckinghamshire is expanding.

Milton Keynes Central railway station
Milton Keynes Central railway station serves the city of Milton Keynes, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is a stop on the West Coast Main Line, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The station is served by Avanti West Coast inter-city services and by West Midlands Trains regional services. This is the principal station for the city, one of seven serving its urban area.. It was opened on 17 May 1982.
Babupeth railway station
Babupeth railway station (station code: BUPH) is a railway station on New Delhi–Chennai main line in Nagpur CR railway division of Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It also lies on Gondia–Nagbhid–Balharshah line in Nagpur SEC railway division of South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It serves Babupeth, a suburb of Chandrapur, in Chandrapur district in Maharashtra State in India. It is located at 198 m above sea level and has a single platform. Only passenger trains stop at this station.

New Delhi – Chennai main line
The New Delhi–Chennai line, earlier known as Delhi–Madras line, is an Indian railway line connecting New Delhi and Chennai Central. It is one of the seven major trunk routes of the Indian Railways. It traverses about 2,182 km (1,356 mi) across the states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. The line forms part of the planned Diamond Quadrilateral rail network. The route is used by the Grand Trunk Express and as such is referred to as the Grand Trunk Route.
Clay Allison
Robert A. Clay Allison, also known as Clay Allison (September 2, 1841 – July 1, 1887) was a cattle rancher, cattle broker, and sometimes gunfighter of the American Old West. He fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War. Allison had a reputation for violence, having survived several one-on-one knife and gunfights (some with lawmen), as well as being implicated in a number of vigilante jail break-ins and lynchings. A drunken Allison once rode his horse through town nearly naked—wearing only his gunbelt. Later most reports stated that he was dangerous not only to others but to himself, accidentally shooting himself in the foot.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Joe Joyce (rugby union)
Joe Joyce (born 7 February 1994) is a professional rugby union player. He plays lock for Irish United Rugby Championship side  Connacht having previously played for English Premiership Rugby side Bristol Bears. 
He is lovingly known as "The King of the Mead" by Bristol fans after a commentator coined the phrase.
He played over 150 games for Bristol and scored 8 tries.
He was named Player of the Match in his United Rugby Championship debut for Connacht against the Ospreys in October 2023.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Max Rabes
Max Friedrich Ferdinand Rabes (17 April 1868, Szamotuły – 25 July 1944, Vienna) was a German Impressionist painter. Although he is best remembered as an Orientalist painter, he rejected that label during his lifetime and wanted all of his works to be equally recognized.

Szamotuły
Szamotuły [ʂamɔˈtuwɨ] (German: Samter, Yiddish: Zamter) is a town in western Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) northwest of the centre of Poznań. It is the seat of Szamotuły County and of the smaller administrative district Gmina Szamotuły. The population was 19,090 in 2011.
Atelierhusene
Atelierhusene (lit. "The Studio Houses"), also known as Kunstnerbyen (lit. "The Artists' Town), is a terraced housing development built in the 1940s to provide affordable living and working space for artists in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located on the east side of Utterslev Mose and consists of three terraces, each with 7 houses, surrounding a small green space with a lake.

Utterslev Mose
Utterslev Mose (English: Utterslev Boglands) is a large semi-natural area of lakes, reed beds and parkland located on the border between Copenhagen  and Gladsaxe municipalities, approximately six kilometers northwest of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is surrounded by the neighbourhoods Brønshøj, Tingbjerg, Utterslev, Søborg and Emdrup. It is known for its rich bird life and has a dense network of walking and cycling trails.
Nosferattus
Nosferattus is a genus of Brazilian jumping spiders that was first described by G. R. S. Ruiz & Antônio Domingos Brescovit in 2005. The name is a combination of "Nosferatu" and the ending -attus, a common salticid genera suffix.

They range from 3 to 5.5 millimetres (0.12 to 0.22 in) long. Males have a smooth, oval-shaped plate (scutum) on the upper surface of the opisthosoma (abdomen). Nosferattus can be distinguished from other genera in the tribe Sitticini by the presence of highly flattened pedipalps in males, and very long and coiled copulation ducts in females. They are likely related to Aillutticus, which also has a high, broad carapace, rounded laterally behind the posterior lateral eyes, and a slightly convex cephalic region.

Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). It is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such).
Anselmo Bellosio
Anselmo Bellosio (1743 – 1793) was an Italian luthier. He took over the workshop in Venice of Giorgio Serafin in 1779, having studied under the tuition of Giorgio's uncle Sanctus Seraphin. Marco Antonio Cerin was among his students. His violins are typically Venetian in shape and varnish.

His violins have been played by several violinists including Alina Ibragimova and Nigel Kennedy.

Nigel Kennedy
Nigel Kennedy (born 28 December 1956) is an English  musician and composer. He plays the violin, viola and piano.  His early career was primarily spent performing classical music, and has since expanded into jazz, klezmer, and other genres.
Capel, Kent
Capel is a hamlet and civil parish in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. The parish is located on the north of the Weald, 3 miles (4.8 km) to the east of Tonbridge. The southern part of the parish lies within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, whilst most of the land also falls within the Metropolitan Green Belt. As well as Capel itself, the parish includes the communities of Castle Hill, Colts Hill, Five Oak Green, Postern, Tudeley and Whetsted.

Weald
The Weald (/ˈwiːld/) is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre, the clay "Low Weald" periphery and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest and its name, Old English in origin, signifies "woodland". The term is still used, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald in their names.
Hiking in Chile
Hiking in Chile is characterized by a wide range of environments and climates for hikers, which largely results from Chile's unusual, ribbon-like shape, which is 4,300 kilometres (2,700 miles) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 miles) wide. These range from the world's driest desert, the Atacama, in the north, through a Mediterranean climate in the center, to the glaciers, fjords and lakes of Patagonia in the south.

The longest hiking trail in Chile is the informal 3,000 km (1,850 mi) Greater Patagonian Trail that was created by a non-governmental initiative.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
2011 Bangladeshi census
In 2011, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics conducted a national census in Bangladesh, which provided a provisional estimate of the total population of the country as 142,319,000. The previous decennial census was the 2001 census. Data were recorded from all of the districts and upazilas and main cities in Bangladesh, including statistical data on population size, households, sex and age distribution, marital status, economically active population, literacy and educational attainment, religion, number of children etc.  Bangladesh and India also conducted their first joint census of areas along their border in 2011. According to the census, Hindus constituted 8.5 per cent of the population as of 2011, down from 9.6 per cent in the 2001 census.

Bangladesh has a population of 144,043,697 as per the 2011 census report. The majority of 130,201,097 reported that they were Muslim, 12,301,331 reported as Hindu, 864,262 as Buddhist, 532,961 as Christian and 201,661 as others.

Districts of Bangladesh
The divisions of Bangladesh are further divided into districts or zilas (Bengali: জেলা). The headquarters of a district is called the district seat (Bengali: জেলা সদর, romanized: zila sadar). There are 64 districts in Bangladesh. The districts are further subdivided into 495 subdistricts or upazilas.
Mariam Muhammad
Mariam Be Be Muhammad is a South African politician and a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the uMkhonto weSizwe party.

Muhammad is from Dannhauser in KwaZulu-Natal and resides in Zone 11 in Johannesburg, Gauteng.

She stood for MK in the 2024 general elections as the first candidate on the party's Gauteng regional list and won a seat in the National Assembly. Since MK boycotted the first sitting of the National Assembly following the election on 14 June 2024, she was sworn in on 25 June along with the other MK MPs.

Muhammad is a member of the Portfolio Committee on Home Affairs.

Portfolio Committee on Home Affairs
The Portfolio Committee on Home Affairs is a portfolio committee of the National Assembly in the Parliament of South Africa. The remit of the committee includes oversight of the Department of Home Affairs, the Government Printing Works, and the Electoral Commission of South Africa.
Gus Douglass
Gus R. Douglass (February 22, 1927 – March 19, 2015) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party, who served as Agriculture Commissioner of West Virginia for 44 years. First elected to that post in 1964, he served from 1965 to 1989, when he left office having run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor, and again from 1993 to 2013. He was the longest-serving Agriculture Commissioner in US history, having served for 44 years and under 8 different Governors.

West Virginia Legislature
The West Virginia Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of West Virginia. A bicameral legislative body, the legislature is split between the upper Senate and the lower House of Delegates. It was established under Article VI of the West Virginia Constitution following the state's split from Virginia during the American Civil War in 1863. As with its neighbor and former constituent Virginia General Assembly, the legislature's lower house is also referred to as a "House of Delegates."

The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Charleston.
2025 San Diego County Board of Supervisors special election
The 2025 San Diego County Board of Supervisors special election was held on Tuesday, July 1, 2025 to fill the 1st Supervisorial District seat on the San Diego County Board of Supervisors vacated by Nora Vargas, who resigned on January 6, 2025, for "personal safety and security reasons." The primary election was held on Tuesday, April 8, 2025, in which Chula Vista mayor John McCann and Imperial Beach mayor Paloma Aguirre advanced to the runoff election. Aguirre defeated McCann and is expected to be sworn in on July 22, 2025.

Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, and although most candidates do identify a party preference, their party affiliations do not appear on the ballot. As no candidate won a majority of votes in the primary, a runoff election was held between the top two vote-getting candidates.

San Diego County Board of Supervisors
The San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the legislative and executive branch of the county government of San Diego County, California. Though officially nonpartisan, three Democrats and two Republicans currently comprise the Board of Supervisors.
Colleen Fahey
Colleen Fahey is a former female American rugby union player. She played for the United States at the inaugural 1991 Women's Rugby World Cup in Wales. She won the 50–54 Masters age division at the 2013 CrossFit Games and third in the 2018 CrossFit Games 55–59 division.

2018 CrossFit Games
The 2018 CrossFit Games was the 12th CrossFit Games and held on August 1–5, 2018, at the Alliant Energy Center in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. The men's competition was won by Mathew Fraser, the women's by Tia-Clair Toomey, and CrossFit Mayhem Freedom won the Affiliate Cup.

A record number of entries was reported for this year's Open, with over 415,000 athletes registering to compete. The Regionals were adjusted this year to reflect the growth of the sport worldwide.  Both Fraser and Toomey dominated the Games, with Fraser extending his record margin of victory to 220 over the runner-up Patrick Vellner.
Kvutzat Yavne
Kvutzat Yavne (Hebrew: קְבוּצַת יַבְנֶה) is a religious kibbutz in the Central District of Israel. Located in the coastal plain just east of Ashdod, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Yavne Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 940.
The kibbutz is adjacent to Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh.

Central District (Israel)
The Central District (Hebrew: מחוז המרכז, Meḥoz haMerkaz; Arabic: المنطقة الوسطى, Minṭaqat al-Wasaṭ) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region. It is further divided into four sub-districts: Petah Tikva, Ramla, Sharon, and Rehovot. The district's largest city is Rishon LeZion. The district's population as of 2017 was 2,115,800. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 88% of the population is Jewish, 8.2% is Arab, and 4% are "non-classified", being mostly former Soviet Union immigrants of partial or nominal Jewish ethnic heritage or household members of Jews.
Mayrimunia
Mayrimunia is a genus of small seed-eating birds in the family Estrildidae that are endemic to New Guinea.

The genus was introduced in 1949 by the German ornithologist Hans Edmund Wolters with the streak-headed mannikin as the type species. The name was chosen to honour the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr and combines his name with the genus Munia.

The two species now placed in genus were formerly placed in the genus Lonchura. They were moved to this resurrected genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020.

Hans Edmund Wolters
Hans Edmund Wolters (11 February 1915 – 22 December 1991) was a German ornithologist from Duisburg. In 1960, he became an associate member of the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Museum in Bonn. He became head of the museum's Department of Ornithology in 1973. He was one of the first European ornithologists to use a cladistic classification. This is reflected in his main work Die Vogelarten der Erde (The Bird Taxa of the World).
Tsuu T'ina 145
Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 (Tsuut'ina: Tsúùtʾínà, lit. 'a great number of people', 'many people'; or 'beaver people') is an Indian reserve of the Tsuut'ina Nation in southern Alberta, Canada, created by Treaty 7.

The reserve is located in the Calgary Region, bordering the City of Calgary to the northeast, east and southeast, the Municipal District of Foothills No. 31 to the south and Rocky View County to the west and north. It is bound by Tsuut'ina Trail to the east, 146 Avenue SW to the south and Highway 22 and Wintergreen Road (Range Road 52) to the west, while Highway 8 is generally within 0.8 km (0.5 mi) of the reserve's northern boundary. The Hamlet of Bragg Creek is adjacent to the southwest corner of the reserve within Rocky View County across Highway 8.

Tsuutʼina language
Tsuutʼina, (endonym: Tsúùtʼínà Gūnáhà) formerly known as Sarcee or Sarsi,: 2  is an Athabaskan language spoken by the people of the Tsuutʼina Nation, whose reserve and community is near Calgary, Alberta. It is related to other Athabaskan languages, such as Navajo and Chiricahua to the south, and the Dene Suline and Tłı̨chǫ to the north.
V.I.P. Casino: Blackjack
V.I.P. Casino: Blackjack is a WiiWare blackjack video game developed by High Voltage Software. It was a launch title for the North American debut of the service on May 12, 2008.

The game features the player's alter ego of "Mr Paradise" playing against the computer or up to three other human opponents to score the most cash at the table. The game features three dimensional graphics, controls that utilise the pointer and motion control functions of the Wii Remote, and an Xbox Live-inspired goal achievement mechanic that involves satisfying criteria such as winning a set amount of money or getting 10 winning hands in a row during the course of the game.

High Voltage Software
High Voltage Software, Inc. (HVS) is an American video game developer based in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Founded in April 1993 by Kerry J. Ganofsky, the company is best known for developing Lego Racers (1999), Hunter: The Reckoning (2002) and The Conduit (2009).