hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Registered identification number
A registered identification number (or RN) is a number issued by the Federal Trade Commission, upon request, to a business residing in the United States that is engaged in the manufacture, importation, distribution, or sale of textile, wool, or fur products.

Such businesses are not required to have RNs. They may, however, use the RN in place of a name on the label or tag that is required to be affixed to their products.

Formerly the Federal Trade Commission issued Wool Products Labeling (WPL) numbers as identification numbers to companies manufacturing wool products. Although new WPL numbers are no longer issued, many are still in use in a similar way as RN numbers.

Import
Import is the activity within international trade which involves buying and receiving goods and services produced in another country. An importer is a person, organization or country receiving imported goods which have been exported from another country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade. The seller of such goods and services is called an exporter.

In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions.
Kallima inachus
Kallima inachus, the orange oakleaf, Indian oakleaf or dead leaf, is a nymphalid butterfly found in Tropical Asia from India to Japan. With wings closed, it closely resembles a dry leaf with dark veins and is a commonly cited example of camouflage.

Tropical Asia
Tropical Asia refers to the entirety of the areas in Asia with a tropical climate. These areas are of geographic and economic importance due to their natural resources and biodiversity, which include many species of agricultural value. There are 16 countries in tropical Asia, ranging in size from around 610 square kilometres (240 square miles) (Singapore) to 3,000,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi) (India). The total population as of 2006 was 1.6 billion, predominantly rural, and projected to reach 2.4 billion by 2025. Climate in tropical Asia is subject to seasonal weather patterns with the two monsoons and the amount of tropical cyclones in the three core areas of cyclogenesis (the Bay of Bengal, north Pacific Ocean and South China Sea). Stressors on the environment include growing urbanization, land industrialization, economic development, land degradation, environmental issues, and increased pollution, all of which are contributing to changes in climate.
Lebanese shipping
The shipping industry is a major contributor to the Lebanese economy, having Lebanon's capital city, Beirut, as its major operations center from where distribution takes place to the Middle East region. The industry, which provides international transportation, logistic and household services, cover the ocean division, air freight division, land freight division, custom brokerage division, packing, insurance and warehousing.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Louis Nègre
Louis Nègre (born 8 February 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, one of five senators representing the Alpes-Maritimes department.

He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement and has been the mayor of Cagnes-sur-Mer since 1995.

Cagnes-sur-Mer
Cagnes-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kaɲ syʁ mɛʁ], literally Cagnes on Sea; Occitan: Canha de Mar) is a French Riviera town near Nice that is in the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.
Hauāuru Māori
Hauāuru Māori are a group of Māori iwi at or around the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand.  
It includes the iwi (tribe) of Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi and its affiliated iwi of Ngāti Hau. It also includes the iwi of Ngāti Tama, Ngāti Mutunga, Te Āti Awa, Taranaki, Ngāti Maru, Ngāruahine, Ngāti Ruanui, Ngā Rauru, Te Korowai o Wainuiārua, Ngāti Rangi, Ngāti Apa and Ngāti Hauiti.

Two of the iwi, Ngāti Tama and Te Āti Awa, also have tribal lands in the South Island.

Ngāti Hau
Ngāti Hau are the Māori iwi (tribes) of the Whanganui River area in New Zealand.

There are two stories of where the name Ngāti Hau comes from. One is that it comes from Haupipi, who arrived in New Zealand on the Aotea canoe, after his first canoe, Kurahaupō, was wrecked. The other is that it is derived from Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, another name for the Whanganui Māori.
Leonardo Lorandi
Leonardo Lorandi (born 20 July 2000) is an Italian racing driver who was the 2018 Italian F4 vice-champion and last competed for JD Motorsport in the 2019 edition of the Formula Renault Eurocup. In 2019, he was part of the Renault Sport Academy.

Lorandi is the younger brother of Alessio Lorandi, a racing driver who has reached the FIA Formula 2 Championship.

2018 Italian F4 Championship
The 2018 Italian F4 Championship Powered by Abarth was the fifth season of the Italian F4 Championship. It began on 29 April in Adria and finished on 28 October in Mugello after seven triple header rounds.

The title was clinched by Enzo Fittipaldi, who won the season finale.
2016 Great Alaska Shootout
The 2016 GCI Great Alaska Shootout was the 38th Great Alaska Shootout, the annual college basketball tournament that features colleges from all over the United States. All games were played at the Alaska Airlines Center in Anchorage, Alaska. The event took place November 23 through November 26, 2016 with eight schools participating in the men's tournament and four in the women's tournament. The men's first round, semifinals, and championship game were televised on CBS Sports Network. Iona won the men's tournament, defeating Nevada 75–73. In the women's tournament, USC defeated Portland.

Alaska Airlines Center
The Alaska Airlines Center is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Anchorage, Alaska. It is located on the campus of the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) and adjacent to Providence Alaska Medical Center (PAMC).
Battle of Stromboli
The Battle of Stromboli, also known as the Second Battle of Stromboli or the Battle of Alicudi, took place on 8 January, 1676, during the Franco-Dutch War. The battle occurred between a French fleet of 20 ships under Abraham Duquesne and a combined fleet of 19 allied ships (18 Dutch and one Spanish ship) under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter. It lasted eight hours and ended inconclusively. The fleets fought again several months later at the Battle of Augusta in April.

Chef d'escadre
Chef d'escadre (pronounced [ʃɛf dɛskadʁ]; literally "squadron commander") was a rank in the French Navy during the Ancien Régime and until the French Revolution. The rank was changed to contre-amiral by a law passed on 15 May 1791.
Circus Flaminius
The Circus Flaminius was a large, circular area in ancient Rome, located in the southern end of the Campus Martius near the Tiber River. It contained a small race-track used for obscure games, and various other buildings and monuments. It was "built", or sectioned off, by Gaius Flaminius in 221 BC. After Augustus divided the city into 14 administrative regions, the Circus Flaminius gave its name to Regio IX, which encompassed the Circus and all of the Campus Martius west of the Via Lata.

Via del Corso
The Via del Corso is a main street in the historical centre of Rome. It is straight in an area otherwise characterized by narrow meandering alleys and small piazzas. Considered a wide street in ancient times, the Corso is approximately 10 metres wide, and it only has room for two lanes of traffic and two narrow sidewalks. The northern portion of the street is a pedestrian area. The length of the street is roughly 1.5 kilometres.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa subsp. crassifolia
Arctostaphylos glandulosa subsp. crassifolia is a rare perennial shrub, a subspecies of manzanita within the heather family commonly known as the Del Mar manzanita. It is narrowly endemic to the sandstone coastal terraces of San Diego County and northwestern Baja California. It is a burl-forming evergreen shrub typically found growing in a rambling habit on poor soils and hardpan. From December to February, white to pink urn-shaped flowers decorate its foliage, giving way to small fruits. It is listed as endangered and is threatened by land development, invasive species and modifications to the natural fire regime.

Fruit (plant structure)
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits.

Fruitlike structures may develop directly from the seed itself rather than the ovary, such as a fleshy aril or sarcotesta.

The grains of grasses are single-seed simple fruits wherein the pericarp and seed coat are fused into one layer. This type of fruit is called a caryopsis. Examples include cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, oats and rice.
Maniace
Maniace (Italian: Maniace; Sicilian: Maniaci) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Catania.

The municipality bears the name of George Maniakes (Greek: Γεώργιος Μανιάκης; Italian: Giorgio Maniace), a Byzantine general of the 11th century and catepan of Italy, known for his victories against the Arabs in Sicily.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Strength and conditioning coach
A strength and conditioning coach (also known as an S&C coach) is a physical performance professional who uses exercise prescription to improve the performance of competitive athletes or athletic teams. This is achieved through the combination of strength training, aerobic conditioning, and other methods.

Unlike an athletic trainer, a strength and conditioning coach is focused primarily on sport performance. The coach helps athletes with injury prevention, through strengthening and coaching of movement mechanics within a sport. While a personal trainer may work with individuals of all fitness levels and focus on health or fitness, strength and conditioning coaches focus on competitive athletes and improving performance in a specific sport.  The qualifications for the three professions are not interchangeable, and both strength and conditioning coaches and athletic trainers have more stringent educational requirements than personal trainers.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
La Fistinière
La Fistinière was a guesthouse and sex club for gay men "completely dedicated to the practice of Fist-Fucking and hard sexuality," located in Assigny, Cher, France. It was owned and operated by husbands François Mallet and Juan Carlos Garcia Berrio. La Fistinière operated from 2007 through 2018, during which time it attracted guests from all over the world.

Gay men
Gay men are male homosexuals. Historic terminology for gay men has included inverts and uranians.

Gay men continue to face significant discrimination in large parts of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa. In the Western world, many gay men still experience discrimination in their daily lives, though some openly gay men have reached national success and prominence, including Apple CEO Tim Cook and heads of state or government such as Edgars Rinkēvičs (president of Latvia since 2023).

The word gay is recommended by LGBTQ groups and style guides to describe all people exclusively attracted to members of the same sex, while lesbian refers specifically to female homosexuals, and gay men to male homosexuals.
Drägerman
A Drägerman or Drägerwoman, also spelled Draegerman or Draegerwoman, is a common name for a rescue worker in mines.

The name originates from Alexander Bernhard Dräger, a German scientist who invented the combination of a gas mask and an oxygen inhalator as a breathing apparatus for underground rescue workers.

In 1937, Warner Bros. released the film Draegerman Courage about Drägerman rescuing people trapped in a mine.

Draegerman Courage
Draegerman Courage is a 1937 American drama film directed by Louis King and written by Anthony Coldeway. The film stars Jean Muir, Barton MacLane, Henry O'Neill, Robert Barrat, Addison Richards and Helen MacKellar. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on May 15, 1937.
Andricus curvator
Andricus curvator is a gall wasp which forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees and has both agamic and sexual generations. Agamic and sexual generations usually form two distinct galls on oak trees, but in the case of A. curvator there are six galls; the sexual generation usually on the leaf, occasionally in a twig or catkin, and the agamic generation in a bud. The wasp was first described by Theodor Hartig, a German biologist, in 1840 and is found in most of Europe.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Samuel Theodor Gericke
Samuel Theodor Gericke or Gerike (1665–1730) was a German painter. Born in Spandau in 1665, he became at first a student of Rutger van Langevelt, and later of Gedeon Romandon.

In 1694 he went to Rome to get prints, books, drawings and plaster casts for the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, which would be established in 1696. In Rome, he was a student of Carlo Maratta. Gericke returned to Berlin in 1696 and was appointed court painter. In 1699 he became Professor of Perspective at the Academy, and one of its first 8 rectors. He served as the annual Director of the Academy a few times.

He translated De Arte Graphica, the famous 1668 poem by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy, into German in 1699. Other art theoretical works he translated include the Grondlegginge der teekenkonst by Gerard de Lairesse (original 1701, translation 1705).

Gerard de Lairesse
Gerard or Gérard (de) Lairesse (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ də lɛʁɛs]; 11 September 1641 – June 1711) was a Dutch Golden Age painter and art theorist. His broad range of skills included music, poetry, and theatre. De Lairesse was influenced by the Perugian Cesare Ripa and French classicist painters such as Charles le Brun, Simon Vouet and authors such as Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine. His importance grew in the period following the death of Rembrandt. His treatises on painting and drawing, Grondlegginge Ter Teekenkonst (1701), based on geometry and Groot Schilderboek (1707), were highly influential on 18th-century painters.
Watterson (surname)
Watterson is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Bill Watterson, American cartoonist, creator of the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes

Henry Watterson (1840–1921), American journalist

John Ambrose Watterson (1844–1899), American Roman Catholic bishop

Juan Watterson, Isle of Man politician

Mike Watterson (1942–2019), English snooker player

Peter Watterson (1927–1996), American Catholic priest

Bill Watterson
William Boyd Watterson II (born July 5, 1958) is an American cartoonist who authored the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes. The strip was syndicated from 1985 to 1995. Watterson concluded Calvin and Hobbes with a short statement to newspaper readers that he felt he had achieved all he could in the medium. Watterson is known for his negative views on comic syndication and licensing, his efforts to expand and elevate the newspaper comic as an art form, and his move back into private life after Calvin and Hobbes ended.

Watterson was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. The suburban Midwestern United States setting of Ohio was part of the inspiration for the setting of Calvin and Hobbes. Watterson currently lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. He cited works from Richard Thompson, Winsor McCay, George Herriman, Walt Kelly, Jim Borgman, Paul Coker, Chuck Jones and Tex Avery as his main influences.
Yelena Yudina
Yelena Vyacheslavovna Yudina (Russian: Елена Вячеславовна Юдина) (born April 22, 1988 in Voronezh) is a Russian skeleton racer who has been competing since 2005. Her best World Cup finish was 11th in Altenberg, Germany in December 2009.

Yudina qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics where she finished 18th.

Voronezh
Voronezh (/vəˈroʊnɪʃ, -ˈrɒn-/ və-ROH-nish, -⁠RO-; Russian: Воронеж, IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia, straddling the Voronezh River 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising to 1,057,681 in the 2021 Census, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
Lulu in Hollywood
Lulu in Hollywood is a collection of essays by the silent film actress Louise Brooks. First published in 1982, the book brings together seven previously published autobiographical essays, namely “Kansas to New York”, “On Location with Billy Wellman”, “Marion Davies’ Niece”, “Humphrey and Bogey”, “The Other Face of W. C. Fields”, “Gish and Garbo” and “Pabst and Lulu”.

Each of the pieces collected in Lulu in Hollywood were published in magazines and film journals beginning in the late 1950s. The copyright page states, "Portions of this book appeared in different form in Film Culture, London Magazine, Image, and Sight and Sound". The first edition includes an introduction by New Yorker editor William Shawn, an afterword, "A Witness Speaks," by film historian Lotte H. Eisner, as well as a condensed filmography and illustrations.

Lotte H. Eisner
Lotte Henriette Regina Eisner (5 March 1896, Berlin – 25 November 1983, Paris) was a German-French writer, film critic, archivist and curator. Eisner worked initially as a film critic in Berlin, then in Paris where in 1936 she met Henri Langlois with whom she founded the Cinémathèque Française.
University of Maryland Arboretum & Botanical Garden
The University of Maryland Arboretum and Botanical Garden is located on the grounds of the University of Maryland - College Park. The arboretum and botanical garden is free to visit and is used as an outdoor classroom for a variety of courses at the university. There is an established Central Campus Tree Walking Tour around McKeldin Mall.

Memorial Chapel with Cercis canadensis

Tydings Building with Chionanthus virginicus

Shoemaker building with Cotinus coggygria and Cedrus deodara

Memorial Chapel (University of Maryland) with Quercus alba

McKeldin Mall with Aesculus pavia

Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America. It is a long-lived oak, native to eastern and central North America and found from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and southern Maine south as far as northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been documented to be over 450 years old.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark; the usual colour is a light gray. The name comes from the colour of the undersides of the leaves. In the forest it can reach a magnificent height and in the open it develops into a massive broad-topped tree with large branches striking out at wide angles.
Baker Publishing Group
Baker Publishing Group is a Christian publisher that produces books on theology, Christian living, historical topics, and fiction, primarily for an evangelical readership. It is based in Ada, Michigan and has six subdivisions: Bethany House, Revell, Baker Books, Baker Academic, Chosen, and Brazos Press.

Ada Township, Michigan
Ada Township (/ˈeɪdə/ AY-də) is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  Its population was 14,388 at the 2020 census.

The majority of the township is included in the Forest Hills census-designated place, which is used only for statistical purposes.  Ada Township is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is about 3.0 miles (4.8 km) east of the city of Grand Rapids.  The township is the corporate home of Alticor and its subsidiary companies Amway North America and Amway.
Mennessis station
Mennessis is a railway station located in the commune of Mennessis in the Aisne department, northern France. The station is situated on the railway lines from Amiens to Laon, and from Paris to Saint-Quentin. The station is served by regional TER Hauts-de-France trains to Saint-Quentin, Compiègne, Laon and Amiens.

Creil–Jeumont railway
The railway from Creil to Jeumont is an important French 187-kilometre long railway line, that connects Creil, a northern suburb of Paris, to Jeumont on the Belgian border. It was opened in several stages between 1847 and 1855. The opening of the LGV Nord high speed line from Paris to Lille in 1993 has decreased its importance for passenger traffic.