hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexandre Etienne de Clouet
Alexandre Etienne de Clouet (June 9, 1812 – June 26, 1890), also known as Alexandre Etienne de Clouet Sr., was an American politician and sugar planter who was active in Louisiana politics both before and after the Civil War. During Reconstruction, he violently opposed Black suffrage, becoming a leader of the violent White League that attacked freedmen who attempted to vote.

Black suffrage
Black suffrage refers to Black people's right to vote and has long been an issue in countries established under conditions of Black minorities as well as, in some cases (notoriously South Africa under apartheid and Rhodesia), Black majorities.
2015–16 North Caledonian Football League
The 2015–16 North Caledonian Football League was competed for by six clubs playing ten matches each.  Golspie Sutherland were the defending champions.  Invergordon returned to the league following a two-year absence. Sutherland United withdrew from the league prior to the start of the season.

North Caledonian Football Association
The North Caledonian Football Association is a senior football association operating throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and is a recognised body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and as such has its senior football competitions officially registered with the SFA.
Sabina Kraupp
Sabina Kraupp (born 6 December 1986) is a Swedish curler. Kraupp plays third for team Cecilia Östlund in Karlstad and has won the Swedish Championship in 2015 and 2011. As a junior, she was alternate for the Swedish team at the 2005 World Junior Curling Championships in Pinerolo, winning a silver medal. She was also an alternate for the Swedish team at the 2010 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada.

2010 World Women's Curling Championship
The 2010 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 2010 Ford World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 20 to 28 at the Credit Union iPlex in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Sweet and Sour (1963 film)
Sweet and Sour (French: Dragées au poivre) is a 1963 French-Italian comedy film directed by Jacques Baratier and starring Guy Bedos. The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.

Jacques Baratier
Jacques Baratier (8 March 1918 – 27 November 2009) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed 21 films. His film Goha won the Jury Prize at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. His 1962 film La poupée was entered for the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.

Goha was also shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Bisacurone
Bisacurone is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C15H24O3 which has been isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa). In vitro, it has several effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-metastatic properties.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
William T. Donnell House
The William T. Donnell House is a historic house museum, part of the Maine Maritime Museum on Washington Street in Bath, Maine.  It was built in 1868 for one of the city's leading shipbuilders of the late 19th century, and has remained relatively unaltered since his occupancy.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Ndaka language
The Ndaka language (or Indaaka, Ndaaka) is spoken by the Ndaka people in the Ituri Province, Mambasa Territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is lexically similar to the Mbo, Budu, Vanuma and Nyali languages.

Ndaka people
The Ndaka people (of Ndaaka) are a Bantu ethnic group of the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, many of whom live in the Mambasa Territory of the Ituri Province.

All young Ndaka men had to be initiated to become full adult members of the tribe.
The ceremonies are held every six years or so, and involve traditional songs and dances.
In some of these special instruments are used, and masked ritualists act out prescribed roles dressed in full costume.
Mazreku (Epirus)
The Mazreku, or alternatively, the Mazaraki, Mazarech and Masarachi, were a historical Albanian tribe in medieval Epirus and Thessaly. They appear in historical records as one of the Albanian tribes which raided and invaded Thessaly after 1318 and throughout the 14th century were active in the struggles of the Albanian Despotate of Arta against the Despotate of Epirus.

Epirus (region)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/ ih-PY-rəs; Greek: Ήπειρος, romanized: Ípiros, [ˈi.pi.ros]) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region in northwestern Greece. It borders the regions of Western Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. The region has an area of about 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi). It is part of the wider historical region of Epirus, which overlaps modern Albania and Greece but lies mostly within Greek territory.
Monique Merrill
Monique Merrill (born May 26, 1969) is an American world champion adventure racer, ski mountaineer and marathon mountain biker. She studied at the University of Virginia.

Merrill attended the Pine Crest School until 1987, and studied at the University of Virginia until 1991. She lives in Crested Butte, Colorado.

Crested Butte, Colorado
Crested Butte is a home rule town located in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,639 at the 2020 United States census. A former coal mining town nestled in the Slate River Valley, Crested Butte is now known as a destination for skiing, mountain biking, and outdoor activities.
Sheikh Idris
Sheikh Idris (Arabic: شيخ ادريس)  is a Syrian village located in Saraqib Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sheikh Idris had a population of 3,881 in the 2004 census.

Idlib District
Idlib District (Arabic: منطقة ادلب, romanized: manṭiqat Idlib) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Idlib. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 382,929.
Terminus Le Carrefour
Terminus Le Carrefour is an ARTM bus terminus across boulevard Le Carrefour from the Carrefour Laval at the corner of Terry Fox Avenue. It is one block west of Autoroute 15. A Radisson Hotel is located between Terry Fox Avenue and the Autoroute, and a Hilton Hotel and a Sheraton Hotel are nearby.

South of the terminus are 226 park and ride spaces.

Quebec Autoroute 15
Autoroute 15 is a highway in western Quebec, Canada. It is also called the Décarie Expressway (English) or Autoroute Décarie (French) between the Turcot and Décarie Interchanges in Montreal and the Laurentian Autoroute (English) or Autoroute des Laurentides (French) north of Autoroute 40. It was, until the extension of Autoroute 25 was opened in 2011, the only constructed north-south autoroute to go out of Montreal on both sides. A-15 begins at the end of Interstate 87 at the United States border at Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle and extends via Montreal to Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts with an eventual continuation beyond Mont-Tremblant. The total length of A-15 is 164 km (101.9 mi), including a short concurrency (4 km or 2.5 mi) with Autoroute 40 (Boulevard/Autoroute Métropolitan) that connects the two main sections.
Clifford B. Drake
Clifford Barnes Drake (November 7, 1918 – October 25, 1994) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. He served as an artillery officer during World War II and later took part in the Vietnam War as deputy commander of XXIV Corps.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
William Hardie (archbishop of the West Indies)
Christianity portal

William George Hardie CBE (20 August 1878 – 21 February 1950) was a long serving Anglican Bishop of Jamaica from 1931 until 1949. For the last four of those years he also served as Archbishop of the West Indies.

He was born in 1878 and educated at Highgate School from 1889 to 1890, then at Giggleswick School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. From Ridley Hall, Cambridge he was ordained in 1902. His first posts were curacies at Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge and then Christ Church, Greenwich. Later he held incumbencies at Holy Trinity, Swansea, St John's, Lowestoft and St Luke's, Finchley. In 1928 he was appointed Assistant Bishop of Jamaica before promotion to be its Diocesan three years later. He was invested Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1950 New Year Honours.

He died on 21 February 1950.

Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge
Holy Trinity Church is a church in Market Street, in the city of Cambridge, in Cambridgeshire, England, on the corner with Sidney Street. Its current vicar is Stuart Browning. Theologically, it stands within the charismatic evangelical tradition of the Church of England.
Sylvester James Gates
Sylvester James Gates Jr. (born December 15, 1950), known as S. James Gates Jr. or Jim Gates, is an American theoretical physicist who works on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory. He is currently the Toll Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland. He also holds the Clark Leadership Chair in Science with the physics department at the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. He is also affiliated with the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy. He previously was the Brown University Theoretical Physics Center Director and the Ford Foundation Professor of Physics. He served on former president Barack Obama's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

Supermultiplet
In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra, possibly with extended supersymmetry.

Then a superfield is a field on superspace which is valued in such a representation. Naïvely, or when considering flat superspace, a superfield can simply be viewed as a function on superspace. Formally, it is a section of an associated supermultiplet bundle.

Phenomenologically, superfields are used to describe particles. It is a feature of supersymmetric field theories that particles form pairs, called superpartners where bosons are paired with fermions.

These supersymmetric fields are used to build supersymmetric quantum field theories, where the fields are promoted to operators.
Norrish
Norrish is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jason Norrish (born 1972), Australian rules footballer

Merwyn Norrish (born 1926), New Zealand diplomat

Rod Norrish (born 1951), Canadian ice hockey player

Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (1897 – 1978), British chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Norrish reactions are named after him

Rod Norrish
Roderick Norrish (born November 27, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 21 games in the National Hockey League with the Minnesota North Stars during the 1973–74 and 1974–5 seasons. Norrish was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Lycaena dorcas
Lycaena dorcas is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, the gossamer-winged butterflies. Its common names include dorcas copper and cinquefoil copper. The species was first described by William Kirby in 1837. It is native to North America. The species L. dospassosi was once included in L. dorcas.

William Kirby (entomologist)
William Kirby (19 September 1759 – 4 July 1850) was an English entomologist, an original member of the Linnean Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society, as well as a country rector, so that he was an eminent example of the "parson-naturalist". The four-volume Introduction to Entomology, co-written with William Spence, was widely influential.
The Music Lovers
The Music Lovers is a 1971 British drama film directed by Ken Russell and starring Richard Chamberlain and Glenda Jackson. The screenplay by Melvyn Bragg, based on Beloved Friend, a collection of personal correspondence edited by Catherine Drinker Bowen and Barbara von Meck, focuses on the life and career of 19th-century Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was one of the director's biographical films about classical composers, which include Elgar (1962), Delius: Song of Summer (1968), Mahler (1974) and Lisztomania (1975), made from an often idiosyncratic standpoint.

Catherine Drinker Bowen
Catherine Drinker Bowen (January 1, 1897 – November 1, 1973; née Catherine Shober Drinker) was an American biographer. She won the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1958 for The Lion and the Throne: The Life and Times of Sir Edward Coke. She received the Women's National Book Association Award in 1962. Her biographies of John Adams, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikowsky were Book of the Month Club recommendations. She was the first woman to receive an honorary degree from Lehigh University.
German ship Augsburg
A number of German ships have been named Augsburg for the city of Augsburg:

German corvette Augsburg of the Braunschweig class.

German frigate Augsburg (F213) of the Bremen class.

German frigate Augsburg (F222) of the Köln class.

SMS Augsburg, a Kolberg-class cruiser of the Imperial German Navy.

SS Augsburg, a cargo steamship that disappeared at sea in 1912.

Braunschweig-class corvette
The K130 Braunschweig class (sometimes Korvette 130) is Germany's newest class of ocean-going corvettes. Five ships have replaced the Gepard-class fast attack craft of the German Navy.

In October 2016 it was announced that a second batch of five more corvettes, originally to be procured from 2022–2025 but now reportedly delayed. The decision was in response to NATO requirements expecting Germany to provide a total of four corvettes at the highest readiness level for littoral operations by 2018, and with only five corvettes just two can be provided.
Tjeldbergodden Reserve Power Station
Tjeldbergodden Reserve Power Station is a natural gas-fired thermal power plant located at the industrial site Tjeldbergodden in the northeastern part of Aure Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is operated by Statnett. The station has installed one gas turbine with 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) effect. The power station was installed in 2006, but by 2015 it had not been in use. Together with the similar power plant at Nyhamna, they cost 2.1 billion kr. A new power line has made them unnecessary.

The power station is only to be operated when there is acute need for extra effect, to hinder having to ration electricity. Statnett must receive permission from the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate every time the station is to be used. Due to the mobility of the power station, its emissions of carbon dioxide exceed that of a coal powered station.

Statnett
Statnett is a Norwegian state-owned enterprise responsible for owning, operating and constructing the stem power grid in Norway. The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway.

Statnett also owns 30% of the Nord Pool Spot along with other Nordic transmission system operators.
Deep cervical vein
The deep cervical vein (posterior vertebral vein or posterior deep cervical vein) is the vena comitans of the deep cervical artery. The vein is formed in the suboccipital region by the convergence of communicating branches of the occipital vein, veins draining the suboccipital muscles, and veins from the venous plexuses that surround cervical nerves. The vein and corresponding artery then pass in between the semispinalis capitis muscle and the semispinalis colli muscle. The vein passes anterior-ward in between the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib to terminate in the vertebral vein.

Venous plexus
In vertebrates, a venous plexus is a normal congregation anywhere in the body of multiple veins.

A list of venous plexuses:

Basilar venous plexus

Batson venous plexus

Epidural venous plexus

External vertebral venous plexuses

Internal vertebral venous plexuses

Pampiniform venous plexus

Prostatic venous plexus

Pterygoid plexus

Rectal venous plexus

Soleal venous plexus

Submucosal venous plexus of the nose

Suboccipital venous plexus

Uterine venous plexus

Vaginal venous plexus

Venous plexus of hypoglossal canal

Vesical venous plexus
Friso Emons
Friso Emons (born 5 October 1998) is a Dutch short-track speed skater. He won the silver medal at the relay competition of the 2022 World Championships with the Dutch men's team. He placed second at the 1500 metre competition of the  2024 European Championships. He represented the Netherlands at the 2026 Winter Olympics, winning a gold medal in the 5000 m relay.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Cottus hispaniolensis
Cottus hispaniolensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in France and Spain. It inhabits the Garonne river drainage. It reaches a maximum length of 10.5 cm (4.1 in). It prefers streams with clear, cool, moderate to swift water and stone substrate. This taxon was originally described as a subspecies of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio), C. g. hispaniolensis, and was formally described as a separate species from the European bullhead in 2005 by Jörg Freyhof, Maurice Kottelat and Arne W. Nolte.

Jörg Freyhof
Jörg Arthur Freyhof (born 4 November 1964 in Ludwigshafen) is a German ichthyologist specializing on Old World cypriniform fishes.
Freyhof has worked at the Alexander Koenig Research Museum, Bonn, and since 2000 he has been employed at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin.
Joseph Lewinstein
Josef "Josek" Lewinsten (Lewinsztejn) was a Jewish rabbi and religious author born on July 11, 1842, at Lublin under the Russian Partition of Poland. He was a member of the family of rabbis and Talmudists which includes the author of Penei Yehoshua and the Lebushim. Josek was the son of Rabbi Abram Abuś Lewinszteyn and Chana Lewensztein (Himmelfarb).

In 1860, at the age of twenty, he became the rabbi of Karol in the governorate of Plotzk (Płock). In 1868, he became the rabbi of Zaklikov in the governorate of Lublin and then in 1875 he was rabbi of Serock in the governorate of Łomża. He died in 1924 in Serock, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

Łomża
Łomża (Polish pronunciation: [ˈwɔmʐa] ⓘ) is a city in north-eastern Poland, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the north-east of Warsaw and 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Białystok. It is situated alongside the Narew River as part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łomża County and has been the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Łomża since 1925.

Łomża is one of the principal economic, educational, and cultural centres of north-eastern Masovia as well as one of the three main cities of Podlaskie Voivodeship (beside Białystok and Suwałki). It lends its name to the protected area of Łomża Landscape Park. The town is also the location of the Łomża Brewery.
Osmoconformer
Osmoconformers are marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment.  This means that the osmotic pressure of the organism's cells is equal to the osmotic pressure of their surrounding environment.  By minimizing the osmotic gradient, this subsequently minimizes the net influx and efflux of water into and out of cells.  Even though osmoconformers have an internal environment that is isosmotic to their external environment, the types of ions in the two environments differ greatly in order to allow critical biological functions to occur.

An advantage of osmoconformation is that such organisms don’t need to expend as much energy as osmoregulators in order to regulate ion gradients.  However, to ensure that the correct types of ions are in the desired location, a small amount of energy is expended on ion transport. A disadvantage to osmoconformation is that the organisms are subject to changes in the osmolarity of their environment.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.