hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pietati proximum
Pietati proximum (3 August 1234), more commonly known as the Golden Bull of Rieti was a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX which confirmed the Teutonic Order's domination of the Chelmno land east of the lower Vistula, and of any other lands conquered by Teutonic Order in Prussia ("to eternal and absolute ownership"). The German Orders should answer exclusively to the sovereignty of the Pope. The Bull of Rieti presented the written authorization of a previous verbal consent given in August and September 1230. The Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Hermann von Salza, had stubbornly insisted on a written document.

The Bull of Rieti corresponds to the Golden Bull of Rimini of 1226, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Treaty of Kruszwica of 1230 with the Polish Duke Conrad of Mazovia.

On 26 July 1257 this Bull was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV.

Hermann von Salza
Hermann von Salza (or Herman of Salza; c. 1165 – 20 March 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239. A skilled diplomat with ties to the Frederick II and the Pope, Hermann oversaw the expansion of the military order into Prussia.
Olurus
Olurus or Olouros (Ancient Greek: Ὄλουρος) was a town of ancient Achaea, dependent upon Pellene. It is cited by numerous ancient authors, including Xenophon, Pliny the Elder, Pomponius Mela, and Stephanus of Byzantium.

Its site is unlocated.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Active heave compensation
Active heave compensation (AHC) is a technique used on lifting equipment to reduce the influence of waves upon offshore operations. AHC differs from Passive Heave Compensation by having a control system that actively tries to compensate for any movement at a specific point, using power to gain accuracy.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
Dejene Berhanu
Dejene Berhanu (December 12, 1980 – August 29, 2010) was a male Ethiopian runner, who specialized in the 5000 metres.

Berhanu finished 11th in the short race at the 2004 World Cross Country Championships and fifth in the 5000 at the Athens Olympics. He followed that up with a pair of strong finishes at the World Cross Country Championships the next year. Berhanu was seventh in the short race and sixth in the long race. He ran in the 5000 again at the World Championships at Helsinki, finishing eighth.

In 2006, Berhanu turned to focus on the marathon. He eschewed cross country for the Rotterdam Marathon, where he finished fourth in a time of 2:08:46. He ran the Chicago Marathon in the fall as a last-minute replacement for favourite Felix Limo. Running with the leaders through the halfway mark in a blistering 63:15, Berhanu faded after 30 km and finished ninth in a time of 2:12:27.

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
Suwoncheon
Suwoncheon (Korean: 수원천) is a stream in South Korea. It is a tributary of the Hwanggujicheon, which in turn empties into the Yellow Sea at Asan Bay.  Its source is on the slopes of Gwanggyosan on the border between Yongin and Suwon, from where it forms the Gwanggyo Reservoir.  It then runs south and through Hwaseong's Hwahongmun to enter the old city of Suwon.  It then runs through the centre of the old town and crosses the city walls once again near Paldalmun, crossing through Namsumun, a gate which was destroyed by a flood in 1922 and rebuilt in 2012.  The stream has been covered for the rest of its journey through the city centre.  On reemerging it then continues in a southerly direction before joining the Hwanggujicheon.

Asan Bay
Asan Bay is a South Korean bay in the Yellow Sea.  Named after the city of Asan immediately to its south, it lies at the mouth of several rivers and separates the provinces of Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongnam-do.  The boundary between the bay and the rest of the Yellow Sea is vague, as there are several scattered islands.
Paopi 15
Paopi 14 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 16

The fifteenth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 12, of the Julian calendar, and October 25, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Paopi
Paopi (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲱⲡⲉ, Paōpe), also known as Phaophi (Ancient Greek: Φαωφί, Phaōphí) and Babah (Arabic: بابه, Baba), is the second month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between 11 October and 9 November of the Gregorian calendar, unless the previous Coptic year was a leap year.

The month of Paopi is the second month of the Season of Akhet (Inundation) in Ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods inundated the land. (They have not done so since the construction of the High Dam at Aswan.)
Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain (2006 TV series)
Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain is a 2006 Hong Kong-Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novels Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain and The Young Flying Fox. Directed by Andrew Lau and Tam Yau-yip, the series is a co-production by the Hong Kong companies ATV and TVB and Ciwen Pictures, with Wong Jing as producer, starring Nie Yuan, Athena Chu, Gillian Chung, Ady An, Alex Fong, Anthony Wong and Patrick Tam. It was first broadcast in Hong Kong on ATV in 2006.

Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain
Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain, also known as Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain, is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). It was first serialised between 9 February and 18 June 1959 in the Hong Kong newspaper New Evening Post.

Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain is one of Jin Yong's shortest novels, with only 10 chapters. These are numbered instead of having short phrases or duilian as chapter headings, as was Jin Yong's usual style. This is the chronologically latest of Jin Yong's works, being set in the late 18th-century Qing Dynasty.

A prequel, The Young Flying Fox, was released in 1960.
Softwood
Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers. The term is opposed to hardwood, which is the wood from angiosperm trees. The main differences between hardwoods and softwoods is that the softwoods completely lack vessels (pores). The main softwood species (pines, spruces, larches, false tsugas) also have resin canals (or ducts) in their structure.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".
United Nations Institute for Namibia
The United Nations Institute for Namibia (UNIN) was an educational body set up by the United Nations Council for Namibia from 1976 to 1990. Based in Zambia's capital of Lusaka, UNIN was the brainchild of United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Seán MacBride, the proposal creating UNIN was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1974. The forerunner to the current University of Namibia, UNIN sought to educate Namibians for roles in an independent Republic of Namibia.

Congress of Democrats
The Congress of Democrats (CoD) is a Namibian opposition party without representation in the National Assembly and was led by Ben Ulenga from 2004 to 2015. It was established in 1999, prior to that year's general elections, and started off with a number of notable politicians that left the ruling SWAPO party. This includes Ulenga who left SWAPO to protest plans to amend the constitution so that President Sam Nujoma could run for a third term. The party is currently being led by Vaino Amuthenu as its President.
Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf
Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf is a 1988 animated comedy horror made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 series. It marked Scrappy-Doo's last appearance as a protagonist in the Scooby-Doo franchise to date; he would not appear in a Scooby-Doo production again until the live-action Scooby-Doo film in 2002. It is also the last appearance of Shaggy's red shirt from The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo until Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase.

Scooby-Doo (character)
Scooby Dooby Doo is a fictional cartoon character and the main protagonist of the eponymous animated television franchise created in 1969 by the American animation company Hanna-Barbera. He is a male Great Dane and lifelong companion of amateur detective Shaggy Rogers, with whom he shares many personality traits. He features a mix of both canine and human behaviors (reminiscent of other talking animals in Hanna-Barbera's series), and is treated by his friends more or less as an equal. Scooby often speaks in a rhotacized way, substituting the first letters of many words with the letter 'r' a speech pattern that, while never fully explained, is understood and accepted without question by those around him. His catchphrase is "Scooby-Dooby-Doo!"
Burgess Shale-type preservation
The Burgess Shale of British Columbia is famous for its exceptional preservation of mid-Cambrian organisms. Around 69 other sites have been discovered of a similar age, with soft tissues preserved in a similar, though not identical, fashion. Additional sites with a similar form of preservation are known from the Ediacaran and Ordovician periods.

These various shales are of great importance in the reconstruction of the ecosystems immediately after the Cambrian explosion. The taphonomic regime results in soft tissue being preserved, meaning that organisms without conventionally fossilized hard parts can be seen. This provides further insight into the organs of more familiar organisms such as the trilobites.

The most famous localities preserving organisms in this fashion are the Canadian Burgess Shale, the Chinese Chengjiang fauna, and the more remote Sirius Passet in north Greenland. However, a number of other localities also exist.

Cambrian explosion
The Cambrian explosion (also known as Cambrian radiation or Cambrian diversification) is an interval of time beginning approximately 538.8 million years ago in the Cambrian period of the early Paleozoic, when a sudden radiation of complex life occurred and practically all major animal phyla started appearing in the fossil record. It lasted for about 13 to 25 million years and resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla. The event was accompanied by major diversification in other groups of organisms as well.

Before early Cambrian diversification, most organisms were relatively simple, composed of individual cells or small multicellular organisms, occasionally organized into colonies. As the rate of diversification subsequently accelerated, the variety of life became much more complex and began to resemble that of today. Almost all present-day animal phyla appeared during this period, including the earliest chordates.
Ludersheim station
Ludersheim station is a railway station in the Ludersheim district of the municipality of Altdorf bei Nürnberg, located in the Nürnberger Land district in Middle Franconia, Germany. The station is on the Feucht–Altdorf line of Deutsche Bahn.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
John M. Philbrook
John M. Philbrook (1840–1923) was an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Philbrook served a term in the Maine House of Representatives (1893–1894) and in the Maine Senate (1903–1904) from Bethel, Maine. He also served as an Oxford County Commissioner. The John Philbrook House in Bethel was built by Philbrook and is named in his honor. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Philbrook was born in 1840 in Shelburne, New Hampshire and studied at Gould Academy in Bethel before settling there in 1862.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Mathias Sjöberg
Mathias Sjöberg (born September 15, 1988, in Finja) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Tyringe SOS in the Swedish Division 2.

He has played in the Swedish Elitserien with Rögle BK, but decided to move back home and play in a lower division because he missed doing things like fishing and hunting that he did not have time to do while playing in a high division.

He has also played hockey in Frölunda J20.

Finja
Finja is a locality situated in Hässleholm Municipality, Scania County, Sweden. Finja is located north of Lake Finjasjön, between Hässleholm and Tyringe. The village had a population of  535 inhabitants in 2010.
Chae Bo-hun
Chae Bo-hun (born 23 August, 1992) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, also known as The VANE. He is the vocalist of rock band Purple Rain, which finished third at JTBC's televised talent show Superband. He regularly contributes to Korean drama soundtracks, as well.

Itaewon Class
Itaewon Class (Korean: 이태원 클라쓰) is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Park Seo-joon, Kim Da-mi, Yoo Jae-myung, and Kwon Nara. Based on the webtoon of the same name, it is the first series to be produced by the film distribution company Showbox. It aired on JTBC in Korea from January 31 to March 21, 2020, and is streaming worldwide on Netflix. The series won Best Drama Series at the 25th Asian Television Awards.
Ovunque sei
Ovunque sei is a 2004 Italian romance-drama film directed by Michele Placido.

It entered the competition at the 61st Venice International Film Festival, where it was booed by the audience and received bad reviews.  It won the Nastro d'Argento for best cinematography.

Nastro d'Argento
The Nastro d'Argento (plural: Nastri d'Argento; English: Silver Ribbon) is an Italian film award, held since 1946 by the Sindacato Nazionale Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani (Italian National Union of Film Journalists). Awards are given annually in a wide range of categories, covering not only feature films but also short films (Corti d'argento) and television series (Nastri d'Argento Grandi Serie). The main awards are given at Taormina Film Fest, Sicily, while the short film awards ceremony is held in Naples.
Negba
Negba (Hebrew: נֶגְבָּה) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the northern Negev desert near the cities of Kiryat Malakhi and Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 872.

The name of the kibbutz is based on a verse in the Book of Genesis (13:14), where God commands Abraham to cast his eyes and travel throughout the land of Israel, toward the north, south, east and west. The word "negba" means "southward" in Biblical Hebrew.

Kiryat Malakhi
Kiryat Malakhi (Hebrew: קריית מלאכי, lit. 'City of Angels') also spelled Kiryat Malahi, Kiryat Malachi, or Qiryat Mal'akhi, is a city in the Southern District of Israel, 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of Ashkelon. In 2023 it had a population of 27,396. Its jurisdiction is 4,632 dunams (~4.6 km2).
Lisy Christl
Lisy Christl (born 1964 in Munich) is a German costume designer.

Christl started working as a costume designer in movies in 1995. She has worked with directors Michael Haneke, Edward Berger, Roland Emmerich, Terrence Mallick, Christian Petzold, Hans-Christian Schmid and Florian Gallenberger among others.

Florian Gallenberger
Florian Gallenberger (born 23 February 1972 in Munich) is a German film director and writer. His film Quiero ser (I want to be...) was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 2001.
Julieta Lazcano
Julieta Lazcano (born 25 July 1989) is an Argentine volleyball player who participated with the Argentina national team at the Pan-American Volleyball Cup (in 2006, 2015, 2016), the FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix (in 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016), the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy, the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup in Japan, the 2015 Pan American Games in Canada, the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil, and the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

Lazcano has also played at junior level for the Argentine national team.

At club level, Lazcano played for Poeta Lugones, General Paz Juniors, Municipalidad de Córdoba, Olímpico de Freyre, Pesaro, Gimnasia y Esgrima (La Plata), Nancy, and Istres before moving to Paris Saint Cloud in 2016.

2015 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2015 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the fourteenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by twelve countries over June, 2014 in Lima and Callao, Peru. The competition served as a qualifier for the 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix. The United States won their fourth championship defeating 3–0 to the Dominican Republic and the American Krista Vansant won the Most Valuable Player of the tournament.
2013–14 Central Connecticut Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Central Connecticut Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Central Connecticut State University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Blue Devils, led by 18th year head coach Howie Dickenman, played their home games at the William H. Detrick Gymnasium and were members of the Northeast Conference. They finished the season 11–19, 7–9 in NEC play to finish in a tie for sixth place and lost in the quarterfinals of the Northeast Conference tournament to Wagner.

2014 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament was held on March 5, 8, and 11. The tournament featured the league's top eight seeds. The tourney opened on Wednesday, March 5 with the quarterfinals, followed by the semifinals on Saturday, March 8 and the finals on Tuesday, March 11. Mount St. Mary's won the championship, its fourth, and received the conferences automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA tournament.
Salomy Jane (play)
Salomy Jane, is a 1907 play by Paul Armstrong. It was loosely based on the short story Salomy Jane's Kiss by Bret Harte, but also pulled in characters from other Harte works. It has four acts and five scenes, taking place over sixteen hours in Calaveras County, California around 1855.

The play was produced by Liebler & Company, with staging by Hugh Ford, sets by Gates and Morange, incidental music by Robert Hood Bowers, and electrical effects by the Kliegl Brothers. It starred Eleanor Robson, with H. B. Warner, Holbrook Blinn, and Ada Dwyer. It ran on Broadway from January through May 1907, returned in September 1907 for a month then went on tour.

Paul Armstrong later expanded his drama into a screenplay for a 1914 silent film.

Robert Hood Bowers
Robert Hood Bowers (24 May 1877 – 29 December 1941) was an American composer, conductor and musical director of operettas and stage musicals, and a conductor and musical director for radio. He composed the musical scores for some of the most popular silent movies, including Aloma of the South Seas and A Daughter of the Gods.
Srood Maqdasy
Srood Salem Matti Maqdasy is an Assyrian physician, politician, and former member of the Kurdistan Region Parliament in Iraq. Maqdasy stood out as one of just eleven representatives elected to represent minority groups in Iraqi Kurdistan's 111-member assembly, after their elections in 2013. He was one of five total Assyrians in parliament after the elections, and served in the parliament until 2018.

Maqdasy represented the Sons of Mesopotamia, an Assyrian political party that was formed after dissatisfaction with the Assyrian Democratic Movement.

2013 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq on 21 September 2013. They were the fourth parliamentary elections in Kurdistan Region since 1992. The candidates were competing for a total of 111 seats out of which 11 seats were reserved for minorities. According to the Iraqi High Electoral Commission, there were 366 female and 736 male candidates for the elections.

A total of 2,653,743 people were eligible to vote throughout the three provinces of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Duhok of which 74% cast their ballots.
Comparative legal history
Comparative legal history is the study of law in two or more different places or at different times. As a discipline, it emerged between 1930 and 1960 in response to legal formalism, and builds on scattered uses of legal-historical comparison since antiquity. It uses the techniques of legal history and comparative law.

Andrew Lewis (professor)
Andrew D. E. Lewis is an English legal scholar and Anglican clergyman with academic specialisms in Roman law, canon law, English legal history, and European legal history. He is Professor Emeritus of Comparative Legal History at University College London.

Lewis received his BA in 1970 and LLB in 1971 from the University of Cambridge.
Sweet Home, Sweet Honey
Sweet Home, Sweet Honey (Korean: 우리집 꿀단지; lit. Our Home's Honey Pot) is a 2015 South Korean daily drama starring Song Ji-eun, Lee Jae-joon, Seo Yi-an and Kim Min-soo. It aired on KBS1 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:25 for 129 episodes from 2 November 2015 to 29 April 2016.

KBS1
KBS 1TV (Korean: KBS 제1텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel that launched on 31 December 1961 and is owned by Korean Broadcasting System. The channel offers more serious programming than its sister channel KBS2, and airs with no commercials.