hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights reports on the 2011 Bahraini uprising
Many human rights reports were published about the Bahraini uprising of 2011, a campaign of protests, and civil disobedience in the Persian Gulf state of Bahrain that is considered part of the revolutionary wave of protests dubbed the Arab Spring. At least 14 human rights reports were issued by 18 different parties: Amnesty International, International Crisis Group, Doctors Without Borders, Physicians for Human Rights, Human Rights First, Independent Irish figures, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Without Frontiers, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights, Bahrain Human Rights Society, Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, Front Line Defenders, Gulf Centre for Human Rights, Index on Censorship, International Media Support and the Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC) of PEN International.

Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights
The Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights (BYSHR; Arabic: جمعية شباب البحرين لحقوق الإنسان, romanized: Jamʻīyat Shabāb al-Baḥrayn li-Ḥuqūq al-Insān) is a human rights organization of Bahrain founded in March 2005 which was active in the Bahraini uprising. The group "organises training workshops, monitors and documents human rights violations and participates in forming a regional network for young human rights activists in eight Arab countries". Mohammed al-Maskati serves as its president. The organization was founded by Mohammed al-Maskati and Hussain Jawad (who also served as its vice-president) among others.
Hafslund Line
The Hafslund Line (Norwegian: Hafslundbanen) is an abandoned railway line between Hafslund and Sundløkka in Sarpsborg, Norway. The line was a branch line of the Østfold Line and opened in 1898. It was closed in 1973 and was used by Hafslund Smelteverk for industrial transport to its plant and to the port at Sundløkka. The line was electrified at 600 V DC. The 2 km line from the plant to the port was closed in 1967 while the rest of the line closed six years later. One locomotive is preserved at the Krøder Line.

Krøderen Line
The Krøderen Line (Norwegian: Krøderbanen) is a heritage railway line connecting the Krøderen lake in Buskerud county, Norway, to the town of Vikersund. The 26-kilometre (16 mi) line was built as a narrow gauge branch line of the Randsfjord Line by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) and opened in 1872. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1958, and freight traffic in 1985.

As of 2011, the Krøderen Line Foundation and the Norwegian Railway Club jointly operate steam train services on the line from May to October. In addition to the termini at Vikersund and Krøderen there are intermediate stations at Snarum, Sysle, and Kløftefoss.
This Perfect Day
This Perfect Day  is a science fiction novel by American writer Ira Levin, about a technocratic dystopia. Levin won a Prometheus Award in 1992 for this novel.  This Perfect Day is one of two Levin novels yet to be adapted to film (the other being Son of Rosemary, the sequel to Rosemary's Baby).

Fawcett Publications
Fawcett Publications was an American publishing company founded in 1919 in Robbinsdale, Minnesota, by Wilford Hamilton "Captain Billy" Fawcett (1885–1940).

It kicked off with the publication of the bawdy humor magazine Captain Billy's Whiz Bang and expanded into a magazine empire with the first issue of Mechanix Illustrated in the 1920s, followed by numerous titles including True Confessions, Family Circle, Woman's Day, and True. Fawcett Comics, which began operating in 1939, led to the introduction of Captain Marvel. The company became a publisher of paperbacks in 1950 with the opening of Gold Medal Books.

In 1953, the company abandoned its roster of superhero comic characters in the wake of declining sales and a lawsuit for infringement by the Captain Marvel character on the copyright of the Action Comics character Superman, and ended its publication of comic books. It was purchased by CBS Publications in 1977 and subsequently was dismantled and absorbed by other companies.
Fred and Rosa Fulton Barn
The Fred and Rosa Fulton Barn is a historic building located north of Selma, Iowa, United States in rural Jefferson County.  The barn was built by Rosa from plans prepared by the Louden Machinery Company of Fairfield, Iowa.  It is a good example of the company's Gothic laminated roof design.  The barn also includes other Louden-manufactured devices, including "Master-Made" ventilator windows, metal roof aerators, hay carrier and fork, and door tracks and trolleys. This equipment is original to the barn's construction in 1947.  Built for a dairy operation, the structure has subsequently been used for general farm purposes.  The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

It sports a hay hood.

Selma, Iowa
Selma is an unincorporated community in northwestern Van Buren County, Iowa, United States.  It lies along Iowa Highway 16 northwest of the city of Keosauqua, the county seat of Van Buren County.  Its elevation is 617 feet (188 m).
Baháʼí Faith in Colombia
The Baháʼí Faith in Colombia begins with references to the country in Baháʼí literature as early as 1916, with Baháʼís visiting as early as 1927. The first Colombian joined the religion in 1929 and the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in Bogotá in 1944 with the beginning of the arrival of coordinated pioneers from the United States and achieved an independent National Spiritual Assembly in 1961. By 1963 there were eleven local assemblies. In the 1980s institutions were developed in Colombia that have influenced activities inside and independent of the religion in other countries: FUNDAEC and the Ruhi Institute.  The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying mostly on the World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 70,000 Baháʼís (0.2% of the population) in 2005, and about the same in 2010.

Leonora Armstrong
Leonora Stirling Holsapple Armstrong (June 23, 1895 – October 17, 1980) was the first person of the Baháʼí faith to live in Brazil. She went as a Baháʼí pioneer to Brazil in 1921 when she was 25 years old. Later, in recognition of her efforts and services for the Baháʼí Faith in Brazil and across Latin America she was named the 'Spiritual Mother of the Baháʼís of South America'.
History of rugby union matches between Australia and New Zealand
The first clash in Rugby Union between Australia and New Zealand took place in a test match on 15 August 1903 in Sydney, New South Wales. On that occasion, New Zealand won 22–3.

Since 1931, the overall winner of the annual test matches (between one and three games in any given year) between the All Blacks and the Wallabies takes possession of the Bledisloe Cup, named after Lord Bledisloe, who donated the trophy.

Currently the rivalry is one the most played of any two international rugby union teams, and having played against each other 181 times, the All Blacks lead the series 128 to 45 with 8 draws between them and includes a large number of fixtures recorded for New Zealand as "XV" results.

Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe
Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, GCMG, KBE, KStJ, PC (21 September 1867 – 3 July 1958) was a British Conservative politician and colonial governor. He was Governor-General of New Zealand from 1930 to 1935.
Raja Veettu Kannukkutty
Raja Veettu Kannukkutty (transl. Youngest lad in king's home) is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by C. V. Rajendran and produced by P. Ramdass and B. Ramanan. The film stars Prabhu, Viji, S. V. Shekar and V. K. Ramasamy. It was released on 16 March 1984.

S. Ve. Shekher
Sattanathapuram Venkataraman Shekher (born 26 December 1950) is an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, politician and also a playwright in Tamil-language plays. In 2006, he was elected as an MLA for the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) from Mylapore. He is the founder of Federation of Brahmin associations of South India (FEBAS).
Flag of the United Arab Emirates
The national flag of the United Arab Emirates contains the pan-Arab colors red, green, white, and black. It was designed in 1971 by Abdullah Mohammed Al Maainah, who was 19 years old at that time, and was adopted on 2 December 1971 after winning a nationwide flag design contest. The main theme of the flag's four colors is the sovereignty and unity of the Arab states.

Merchant ships may fly the alternative civil ensign, a red flag with the national flag in the canton. The airline Emirates uses the UAE flag as part of their livery.

All seven emirates use the federal flag interchangeably as the flag of the emirate, however, with the exception of Fujairah, all also emirates have separate flags (though some emirates share the same flag).

Percy Cox
Major-General Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, GCMG, GCIE, KCSI, KBE, DL (20 November 1864 – 20 February 1937) was a British Indian Army officer and Colonial Office administrator in the Middle East. He is considered one of the main architects behind the current Middle Eastern borders.
May 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
May 4 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 6

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 18 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 5th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 22.

Ephraim the Neomartyr
St. Ephraim the Neomartyr, Ephraim the Martyr, or Ephraim of Mount Amomon (Greek: Άγιος Εφραίμ ο μάρτυρας / του Όρους των Αμώμων), believed to have lived from 1384 to 1426, is venerated as a martyr and miracle-working saint by Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and Greek Orthodox Church. His status as a saint is controversial, as there are no sources testifying to his existence as an historical person. Believers regard him as a "newly revealed" ("νεοφανής") saint, whose existence is a matter of divine revelation rather than historical proof.
Marcin Kazanowski
Marcin Kazanowski, (1563/66 – 19 October 1636) was a Polish noble and magnate.

Castellan of Halice from 1622, voivode of Podole Voivodeship from 1632 and Field Crown Hetman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1633.

Married to Katarzyna Starzycka in 1600, he was the father of Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski (1605–1648), voivode of Bracław. His family, the Kazanowski family, descendants of Mediolan Comeses, founded the town of Kazanów in 1566.

Under Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, he was one of the commanding officers in the Battle of Górzno in 1629 against the Swedes.

The discovery legend of the Madonna Bołszowiecka relates that during one of the battles against Tatars, Hetman Kazanowski discovered the icon of the Blessed Virgin. This was viewed by his troops as a miracle and boosted their morale, leading to a victory.

Under King Władysław IV Vasa, he also participated in the wars against the Russian Tsardom.

Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Lithuanian: etmonas) were the highest-ranking military officers, second only to the King, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. The title of hetman was given to the leader of the Polish Army and until 1581 it was awarded only for a specific campaign or war. Later it became a permanent title, as did all the titles in the Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It could not be revoked unless treachery had been proven (from 1585). Hetmans were not paid for their services by the Royal Treasury.
Club Social y Deportivo Yupanqui
Club Social y Deportivo Yupanqui is an Argentine football club that currently plays in the Primera C Metropolitana, the fourth division of the Argentine league system. The club was named by searching for unusual words in the dictionary. Yupanqui was picked up because the meaning of the Quechua word, "the posterity will talk about you".

Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs, mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires).

The other league at level four is the Torneo Federal B, where teams from regional leagues take part.
Anabella Hale
Anabella Isabel Hale Ruíz (born January 20, 1983) is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was elected Miss Panamá international 2004; this gave her the opportunity to compete in the 44th Miss International 2004 pageant which was held at Workers Indoor Arena, Beijing, China on October 16, 2004.

Hale who was born in the United States also has Philippine ancestry, is 5 ft 8.5 in (1.74 m), competed in the national beauty pageant Miss International Panamá 2004 (1st edition), and obtained the title of Miss International Panamá. She represented Panamá Oeste Province.

Miss International 2004
Miss International 2004, the 44th Miss International pageant, was held on October 16, 2004 at the Workers Indoor Arena in Beijing, China. This is the first time event to be held in China for contest was being held outside of Japan and the United States are headquarter's homecountry. 58 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown. Miss International 2003, Goizeder Azua of Venezuela, crowned her successor Jeymmy Vargas of Colombia as the new Miss International.
Altica lythri
Altica lythri is a species of flea beetle from the leaf beetle family, that is common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa, including Israel. The beetles size is 5 mm (0.20 in), and their colour is blue with black and green. They present an ovipositor during oviposition. The species is distributed in European countries such as Finland and Ukraine, to the Asian countries of Azerbaijan, Dagestan, and Turkey. The species hibernate in winter, and come aground during summer months, when they are hungry. They feed on leaves of willowherb, water primroses and sallows. The species could become victims of such predators as Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and adults of Pentatomidae, especially Zicrona caerulea.

Braconidae
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species.
'50s progression
The '50s progression (also known as the "Heart and Soul" chords, the "Stand by Me" changes, the doo-wop progression: 204  and the "ice cream changes") is a chord progression and turnaround used in Western popular music. The progression, represented in Roman numeral analysis, is I–vi–IV–V. For example, in C major: C–Am–F–G. As the name implies, it was common in the 1950s and early 1960s and is particularly associated with doo-wop.

Roman numeral analysis
In music theory, Roman numeral analysis is a type of harmonic analysis in which chords are represented by Roman numerals, which encode the chord's degree and harmonic function within a given musical key.

Specific notation conventions vary: some theorists use uppercase numerals (e.g. I, IV, V) to represent major chords, and lowercase numerals (e.g. ii, iii, vi) to represent minor chords. Others use uppercase numerals for all chords regardless of their quality. (As the II, III, and VI chords always are minor chords and the VII always diminished, a further distinguishment is thought unneeded, see table for Major Diatonic scale below)

Roman numerals can be used to notate and analyze the harmonic progression of a composition independent of its specific key. For example, the ubiquitous twelve-bar blues progression uses the tonic (I), subdominant (IV), and dominant (V) chords built upon the first, fourth and fifth scale degrees respectively.
Government of New Hampshire
The State of New Hampshire has a republican form of government modeled after the Government of the United States, with three branches: the executive, consisting of the Governor of New Hampshire, the elected Executive Council, and subordinate agencies; the legislative, called the New Hampshire General Court, which includes the Senate and the House of Representatives; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire and lower courts.

The New Hampshire state capital is Concord. The capital was Portsmouth during colonial times, and Exeter from 1775 to 1808. The Governor's office, some other executive offices, and both legislative chambers are in the State House. The Legislative Office Building is behind the State House in this photograph; the state Supreme Court and other agencies are in an office park on the other (east) side of the Merrimack River.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Ari Vatanen
Ari Pieti Uolevi Vatanen (pronounced [ˈɑri ˈʋɑtɑnen] ⓘ; born 27 April 1952) is a Finnish rally driver turned politician and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2009. He won the World Rally Championship drivers' title in 1981 and the Paris Dakar Rally four times. In addition, he won the 1997 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies.

Safari Rally
The Safari Rally is an automobile rally held in Kenya. It was first held in 1953 as a celebration of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The event was part of the World Rally Championship from 1973 until 2002, before returning in 2021. It is historically regarded as one of the toughest events in the World Rally Championship, and one of the most popular rallies in Africa. From 2003, a historical event (East African Safari Rally) has been held biennially.
Jabali Upanishad
The Jabali Upanishad (Sanskrit: जबालि उपनिषत्), also called Jabalyupanishad (IAST: Jābālyupaniṣad), is a Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is attached to the Samaveda, and classified as is one of the Shaiva Upanishads.

It is a short Upanishad, and structured as a discourse between sage Jabali to sage Pippalada, and is notable for presenting the Pashupata theology. It explains what Pashu and Pata means, and the Vibhuti (ash) on one's forehead as a reminder of transitory nature of life, the unchanging universality of Shiva, and as a means of one's salvation.

Jabali
Jabali (Sanskrit: जाबालि, romanized: Jābāli) is a character in the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. A learned Brahmin priest and an advisor of King Dasharatha, he unsuccessfully tries to persuade Rama to give up his exile, using rational arguments.
Hussain Hotak
Shah Hussain Hotak (Pashto/Dari: شاه حسين هوتک; died after 25 March 1738) was the fifth and last ruler of the Ghilji Hotak dynasty. An ethnic Pashtun (Afghan) from the Ghilji tribe, he succeeded to the throne in 1725 following the death of his brother Mahmud Hotak at the hands of their cousin Ashraf Hotak. He was also a Pashto poet. While his cousin Ashraf ruled most of Persia from Isfahan, Hussain governed Kandahar. He was defeated by Nader Shah in 1738 and subsequently deported to Mazandaran, where he is presumed to have died in exile.

Ashraf's death in 1729 marked the end of the brief Hotak rule in Persia (Iran), but Kandahar remained under Hussain's control until 1738, when Nader Shah captured the city. This marked only a temporary interruption before the founding of the last Afghan Empire in 1747.

Afghan (ethnonym)
The ethnonym Afghan (Pashto: افغان) has been used historically to refer to the Pashtuns. Since the second half of the twentieth century, the term "Afghan" has evolved into a demonym for all residents of Afghanistan, including those outside of the Pashtun ethnicity.
Discocalyx megacarpa
Discocalyx megacarpa (Chamorro: ottot) is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to Guam and the islands of Rota and Saipan within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. It is an understorey shrub, growing to 2 m tall, with lanceolate green leaves, paniculate, cream-coloured, unisexual flowers, and globose, red fruits each containing a single large ribbed seed.

Chamorro language
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by about 58,000 people, numbering about 25,800 on Guam and about 32,200 in the Northern Mariana Islands and elsewhere.

It is the historic native language of the Chamorro people, who are indigenous to the Mariana Islands, although it is less commonly spoken today than in the past. Chamorro has three distinct dialects: Guamanian, Rotanese, and that in the other Northern Mariana Islands (NMI).
Grigol Bediashvili
Grigol Bediashvili (Georgian: გრიგოლ ბედიაშვილი; born on 7 February 1980) is a Georgian footballer (goalkeeper) who played most of his professional career for FC Metalurgi Rustavi and FC WIT Georgia.

Bediashvili played for FC WIT Georgia in the first round of the 2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup, the qualifying rounds of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup,

He made his Georgia debut on 10 June 2009 against Albania.

Bediashvili retired from Metalurgi on January 8, 2015.

FC WIT Georgia
FC WIT Georgia is a Georgian football team from Tbilisi. The team is sponsored by WIT Georgia Ltd (a subsidiary of the United States WIT, Inc.), a pet food, accessories, and human and veterinary pharmaceuticals import company. WIT stands for World Innovation Technologies. They play their home games at Mikheil Meskhi Stadium in Tbilisi.

In 2004, FC WIT Georgia won the Georgian Championship, qualifying them for the early stages of the UEFA Champions League. In 2009, they won the championship for the second time. In 2010, the team won the Georgian Cup for the first time. However, performance of WIT Georgia was faded after 2010–11 season and relegated to Pirveli Liga in 2014–15 season. In 2017–18, they finished second in the Erovnuli Liga 2 and secured promotion to the Erovnuli Liga.
Marmaduke Blakiston
Marmaduke Blakiston was a 17th-century English priest.

Blakiston was born in York and educated at The Queen's College, Oxford. He held livings at Redmarshall and Sedgefield. He was Archdeacon of the East Riding from 1615 until his resignation in 1625. He was also a prebendary of York and Durham.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.