hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Donoghue
Richard Donoghue is an American attorney and prosecutor who served as the acting United States deputy attorney general from December 2020 to January 2021. Previously, he served as the principal associate deputy attorney general in 2020 and as United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 2018 to 2020. Donoghue was appointed interim U.S. Attorney by Jeff Sessions in January 2018.

United States Deputy Attorney General
The United States deputy attorney general is the second-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice and oversees the day-to-day operation of the department. The deputy attorney general acts as attorney general during the absence of the attorney general.

The deputy attorney general is a political appointee of the president of the United States and takes office after confirmation by the United States Senate. The position was created in 1950.
Aleksandr Shibaev (ice hockey)
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shibaev (Russian: Александр Александрович Шибаев; born 18 April 1987) is a Russian former ice hockey centre. He mainly played in the Russian Supreme Hockey League, but also played in the Kontinental Hockey League for HC MVD, OHK Dynamo Moscow and Vityaz Podolsk.

HC Dynamo Moscow
HC Dynamo Moscow (Russian: ХК Динамо Москва) is a professional ice hockey club based in Moscow, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Dynamo has won the Gagarin Cup twice, in 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons, and won the regular season championship once, in 2013–14, winning the Continental Cup.

The club is one of the most successful teams in Russia.
Anna T. Jeanes
Anna T. Jeanes (7 April 1822 – 24 September 1907) was an American Quaker philanthropist. She was born in Philadelphia, the city where she gave Spring Garden Institute, a technical school, $5,000,000; $100,000 to the Hicksite Friends; $200,000 to the Quaker schools of Philadelphia; and $200,000 to the Home for Aged Friends, now known as Stapeley in Germantown, a retirement home where she spent the closing years of her life. In 1907 she transferred to the trusteeship of Booker T. Washington and Hollis B. Frissell the sum of $1,000,000 to be known as "the Fund for Rudimentary Schools for Southern Negroes" and to be used exclusively for the benefit of elementary negro schools in the South. The Jeanes Foundation  in close cooperation with the General Education Board.

Cooperation
Cooperation (now much less often written as co-operation in British English and, with a varied usage along time, coöperation) takes place when a group of organisms works or acts together for a collective benefit to the group as opposed to working in competition for selfish individual benefit. In biology, many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species and with members of other species with whom they have (symbiotic or mutualistic) relationships.
The Leader Herald
The Leader Herald is a daily newspaper, serving the upstate New York Fulton, Hamilton, and Montgomery counties with a strong emphasis on Fulton County. The newspaper headquarters is located in Gloversville, New York.

Montgomery County, New York
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,532. The county seat is Fonda. The county was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 at the Battle of Quebec. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

The county is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy combined statistical area.

Historically occupied by the Mohawk people, one of the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, the county was created in 1772 during the period of British colonial rule as Tryon County. In 1784, after the Americans gained independence in the War, it was renamed Montgomery County for one of the heroes.

Montgomery County comprises the Amsterdam, NY micropolitan statistical area. The county borders the north and south banks of the Mohawk River.
Camille Mathéi de Valfons
Camille Mathéi de Valfons (11 January 1837, Nîmes - 1 July 1907) was a French Orléanist politician. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1871 to 1876 and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1876 to 1881.

National Assembly (1871)
The National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) was a French unicameral legislative body elected on 8 February 1871 in the wake of the Armistice of Versailles signed on 26 January 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War. It sat in Bordeaux until 20 March 1871, when it moved to the Palace of Versailles near Paris. The cabinets which issued from it governed France from 19 February 1871 to 31 December 1875.
Drake of England
Drake of England is a 1935 British drama film directed by Arthur B. Woods and starring Matheson Lang, Athene Seyler and Jane Baxter. It depicts the life of Francis Drake and the events leading up to the defeat of the Armada in 1588.

Arthur B. Woods
Arthur Bickerstaffe Woods (17 August 1904 – 8 February 1944) was an English film director with 27 credits between 1933 and 1940.  Woods' films were mainly quota quickies but were diverse in style, from light comedy and musicals to dark crime thrillers.  His most acclaimed film is 1938's They Drive by Night.  By the end of the 1930s Woods was gaining a reputation as one of Britain's most promising and versatile young directors, but put his career on hold to volunteer for war service in the Royal Air Force, the only British film director to do so.  He was killed while on active service in February 1944, leaving his potential largely unfulfilled.
PS Rising Star
PS Rising Star was a paddle steamer warship, nicknamed the Rising Sun. The ship was seen as a revolutionary design that included twin funnels and an internal retractable paddle wheel. She was the first ever steam warship to cross the Atlantic and the Magellan Strait from east to west in 1822. She is also listed as the first steam-powered naval vessel and as the first steam-powered vessel in the Pacific.

Rising Star was built in Rotherhithe asked for Thomas Cochrane (later tenth Earl of Dundonald) in 1817, 
who envisioned the military advantages that a warship of this type could offer in naval operations.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Tatyana Skotnikova
Tatiana Skotnikova (Russian: Татьяна Скотникова) is a former Russian football midfielder, who played for CSKA Moscow in the Russian Championship.

She was the captain of the Russian national team, and served as such in the 2009 European Championship.

Russian Women's Football Championship
The Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин, romanized: Chempionat Rossii po futbolu sredi zhenshchin), also known as the Top Division and the Women's Football League, is the highest professional  women's football league in Russia.

The Top Division was founded in 1992. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the women's league played two seasons in 1990 and 1991.
La Haye, Manche
La Haye (French pronunciation: [la ɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the department of Manche, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of La Haye-du-Puits (the seat), Baudreville, Bolleville, Glatigny, Mobecq, Montgardon, Saint-Rémy-des-Landes, Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois and Surville.

Manche
Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/; French: [mɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Norman: Maunche) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 495,045 in 2019.
Philidor position
The Philidor position (or Philidor's position) is a chess endgame involving a drawing technique for the defending side in the rook and pawn versus rook endgame. This technique is known as the third-rank defense due to the positioning of the defending rook. It was analyzed by François-André Danican Philidor in 1777. Many rook and pawn versus rook endgames reach either the drawn Philidor position or the winning Lucena position. The defending side should try to reach the Philidor position; the attacking side should try to reach the Lucena position. Grandmaster Jesús de la Villa said, "[The Lucena and Philidor positions] are the most important positions in this type of endgame [...] and in endgame theory."

Gambit Publications
Gambit Publications is a major publisher of chess books.  The company's headquarters is in London. It has published more than 200 chess books.

The company was founded by three chess players.  Grandmaster (GM) John Nunn is the chess director, GM Murray Chandler is the managing director, and FIDE Master Graham Burgess is the editorial director.

Some of the major books published by Gambit are Mastering the Chess Openings (four volumes) by John Watson, Secrets of Modern Chess Strategy also by Watson, Fundamental Chess Endings by Karsten Müller and Frank Lamprecht,  Understanding the Chess Openings by Sam Collins, and the new Chess Explained series by various authors.
Dömötör Tower
The Dömötör tower is the oldest building in Szeged, Hungary. The foundation was most probably laid during the 11th century, while the lower part was built (in Romanesque style) from the 12th century, and the upper part (Gothic style) from the 13th century. The tower was once part of the former Szent Dömötör templom (St. Demetrius church), but today it stands in Dóm Square, in front of the much larger Votive Church of Szeged. The upper part was rebuilt from the original stones in 1926. The architecture of the tower is similar to another found in Southern France, or in the territory of the former Byzantine Empire.

Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Saint Demetrius (or Demetrios) of Thessalonica (Greek: Ἅγιος Δημήτριος τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Hágios Dēmḗtrios tēs Thessaloníkēs), also known as the Holy Great-Martyr Demetrius the Myroblyte (meaning 'the Myrrh-Gusher' or 'Myrrh-Streamer'; 3rd century – 306), was a Greek Christian martyr of the early 4th century AD.

During the Middle Ages, he came to be revered as one of the most important Orthodox military saints, often paired with Saint George of Lydda.

In the Roman Catholic Church he is most commonly called Demetrius of Sirmium and his memorial is 9 April in the 2004 Roman Martyrology and 8 October in the martyrology of the Extraordinary Form. It is debated whether Demetrius of Thessalonica and Demetrius of Sirmium are the same person.
Me-Åkernes
Me-Åkernes (historically: Midtre Åkernes) is a deserted fjord farm in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The farm is located on the slopes of Åkerneset mountain along the northern shore of the Sunnylvsfjorden (an inner branch fjord of the Storfjorden). It is located 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of the village of Hellesylt.

The farm is located in the West Norwegian Fjords, a Norwegian World Heritage Site. It has been preserved both being located on a unique geologic site and as a representative of typical Norwegian farm culture in the fjord regions.

This geologically unique farm has also been identified as the model for the farm place appearing in Henrik Ibsen’s play Brand based on the similarity in the description and his visit there on 16 July 1862:

And here it stands without a fear
Because the glacier passes here
Just when the time of leave sprouts comes
Above the heads like boulder storms
The parsonage protected stands, like in a cascade cave.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
1950 Bulgarian Cup
The 1950 Bulgarian Cup was the 10th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition after three games in the final against CSKA Sofia.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Silyl ether
Silyl ethers are a group of chemical compounds which contain a silicon atom covalently bonded to an alkoxy group. The general structure is R1R2R3Si−O−R4 where R4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group. Silyl ethers are usually used as protecting groups for alcohols in organic synthesis. Since R1R2R3 can be combinations of differing groups which can be varied in order to provide a number of silyl ethers, this group of chemical compounds provides a wide spectrum of selectivity for protecting group chemistry. Common silyl ethers are: trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS/TBDMS) and triisopropylsilyl (TIPS). They are particularly useful because they can be installed and removed very selectively under mild conditions.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Leah Hoffmitz Milken
Leah Toby Hoffmitz Milken (December 18, 1952 – October 25, 2014) was a Canadian-American typographer, letterform designer, and educator known for her corporate identity work and typography education. Her work shaped the visual language of major corporations including FedEx, Nokia, United Airlines, Disney, and Xerox.

Hoffmitz Milken taught typography and graphic design at ArtCenter College of Design in Pasadena, California for over 20 years, where she influenced a generation of designers who became internationally recognized experts. Following her death, the Hoffmitz Milken Center for Typography was established in her memory with a $4 million endowment.

FedEx
FedEx Corporation, originally known as Federal Express Corporation, is an American multinational conglomerate holding company specializing in transportation, e-commerce, and business services. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of its original air division, Federal Express, which operated under this name from 1973 until 1994.

FedEx is best known for its delivery service,  as well as FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Supply Chain, FedEx Freight, and several other services through a network of subsidiaries. These expansions have often been strategic moves to compete with its primary rival, UPS.

The company's air shipping operations are centralized at its primary hub at Memphis International Airport, making it a critical hub for global logistics.
Selimiye, Üsküdar
Selimiye is neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Üsküdar, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,499 (2022). It is on the Asian side of the Bosphorus. It takes its name from Sultan Selim III who commissioned a barracks here that led to the creation of a new neighbourhood in its vicinity.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Ron Squires
Ronald M. Squires (November 9, 1951 – January 8, 1993), commonly known as Ron Squires, was an American politician from Vermont. A Democrat, he served two years in the Vermont House of Representatives, representing Guilford, Vernon and part of Brattleboro from 1991 until his death.

Vernon, Vermont
Vernon is a town in Windham County, Vermont, in the United States. The population was 2,192 at the 2020 census. Vernon is the site of the now-defunct Vermont Yankee, the state of Vermont's only nuclear power plant, which closed in December 2014.
William Smith (abolitionist)
William Smith (22 September 1756 – 31 May 1835) was a leading independent British politician, sitting as Member of Parliament (MP) for more than one constituency. He was an English Dissenter and was instrumental in bringing political rights to that religious minority. He was a friend and close associate of William Wilberforce and a member of the Clapham Sect of social reformers, and was in the forefront of many of their campaigns for social justice, prison reform and philanthropic endeavour, most notably the abolition of slavery. He was the grandfather of pioneer nurse and statistician Florence Nightingale and educationalist Barbara Bodichon, a founder of Girton College, Cambridge.

Prison reform
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes.

In modern times, the idea of making living spaces safe and clean has extended from the civilian population to include prisons, based on ethical grounds. It is recognized that unsafe and unsanitary prisons violate constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. In recent times prison reform ideas include greater access to legal counsel and family, conjugal visits, proactive security against violence, and implementing house arrest with assistive technology.
Inonotus chrysomarginatus
Inonotus chrysomarginatus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is distinguished by having an annual to perennial growth habit, pileate basidiocarps (with a yellowish margin), setal hyphae and hooked hymenial setae, and subglobose, yellowish, thick-walled cyanophilous basidiospores.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Epiperipatus diadenoproctus
Epiperipatus diadenoproctus is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family. This species is brown with a series of light brown arcs on each side forming circles down its back. Males of this species have 26 to 28 pairs of legs, usually 27; females have 29 or 30, usually 29. The type locality is in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Peripatidae
Peripatidae is a family of velvet worms. This family includes more than 90 described species distributed among 13 genera, but some authorities deem only 80 of these species to be valid. The oldest putative representatives of the family herald from Burmese amber dated to the mid-Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, with representatives from Dominican and Baltic amber attesting to a broader distribution in the Palaeogene / Neogene; molecular variability suggests that the family's crown group may have arisen in the early Mesozoic.
Norfolk Community Health and Care NHS Trust
Norfolk Community Health and Care NHS Trust is a provider of community services to a population of about 882,000 in Norfolk.  It was  established under the Transforming Community Services initiative. It comprises the community services previously run by Norfolk Primary Care Trust.

It employs 2,250 full-time equivalent members of staff.  Roisin Fallon-Williams was appointed chief executive in March 2015. in succession to Michael Scott. Lisa Christensen, former head of Norfolk County Council's children's services department resigned after two weeks as a non-executive member of the board in November 2014.

It is part of a joint venture with West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust which took over the provision of community care in Suffolk from Serco in October 2015.

West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust which runs West Suffolk Hospital, a large district general hospital in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. The Trust provides a wide range of services to the population of west Suffolk and serves a catchment area of approximately 600 square miles with a population of around 280,000 people.

It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015.  At that time it had 2604 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.86%. 78% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 76% recommended it as a place to work.

The trust went live with the Cerner Millennium electronic patient record system in May 2016. In September 2016, the trust was selected by NHS England as one of twelve Global Digital Exemplars.