hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1993 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1993 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1992–1993 regular season at the St. Louis Arena in St. Louis, Missouri.

The Southern Illinois Salukis defeated the Illinois State Redbirds in the championship game, 70-59, and as result won their 2nd MVC Tournament title and earned an automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA tournament. Ashraf Amaya of Southern Illinois was named the tournament MVP.

St. Louis Arena
St. Louis Arena (known as the Checkerdome from 1977 to 1983) was an indoor arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The country's second-largest indoor entertainment venue when it opened in 1929, it was home to the St. Louis Blues and other sports franchises. The Arena sat across U.S. 40 (now I-64) from Forest Park's Aviation Field.

The Arena hosted conventions, concerts, political rallies, horse shows, circuses, boxing matches, professional wrestling, Roller Derby competitions, indoor soccer matches, the 1973 and 1978 NCAA men's basketball Final Four, the NCAA Men's Midwest Regional finals in 1982, 1984, and 1993, the 1992–94 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, the 1968, 1969, and 1970 Stanley Cup Finals, and the 1975 NCAA men's Frozen Four ice hockey finals.

It was demolished in 1999.
Listed buildings in Horsforth
Horsforth is a civil parish and a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  The parish and ward contain 44 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish and ward contain the town of Horsforth and the surrounding area.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include churches and Sunday schools, bridges and a toll house, a weir and retaining walls, a milepost, a former corn mill, a former mechanics' institute, two war memorials, and a telephone kiosk.

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
Descent into Hell (film)
Descent into Hell (French: Descente aux enfers) is a 1986 French psychological thriller film directed by Francis Girod from a screenplay he co-wrote with Jean-Loup Dabadie, based on the 1955 novel The Wounded and the Slain by David Goodis. The film stars Claude Brasseur and Sophie Marceau as a married couple—she with a dark secret in her past and he, an author suffering from both writer's block and alcoholism—who undergo experiences which strain their relationship to breaking point while vacationing in Haiti.

Jean-Loup Dabadie
Jean-Loup Dabadie (27 September 1938 – 24 May 2020) was a French journalist, writer, lyricist, screenwriter, novelist, author of sketches and songs, playwright, translator, and dialogue writer and member of the Académie Française.
Water beetle
A water beetle is a generalized name for any beetle that is adapted to living in water at any point in its life cycle. Most water beetles can only live in fresh water, with a few marine species that live in the intertidal zone or littoral zone. There are approximately 2000 species of true water beetles native to lands throughout the world.

Many water beetles carry an air bubble, called the elytra cavity, underneath their abdomens, which provides an air supply, and prevents water from getting into the spiracles. Others have the surface of their exoskeleton modified to form a plastron, or "physical gill", which permits direct gas exchange with the water. Some families of water beetles have fringed hind legs adapted for swimming, but most do not. Most families of water beetles have larvae that are also aquatic; many have aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults.

Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outer' and  σκελετός (skeletós) 'skeleton') is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g. that of a human) which is enclosed underneath other soft tissues. Some large, hard and non-flexible protective exoskeletons are known as shell or armour.

Examples of exoskeletons in animals include the cuticle skeletons shared by arthropods (insects, chelicerates, myriapods and crustaceans) and tardigrades, as well as the skeletal cups formed by hardened secretion of stony corals, the test/tunic of sea squirts and sea urchins, and the prominent mollusc shell shared by snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some vertebrate animals, such as the turtle, have both an endoskeleton and a protective exoskeleton.
Malakand Pass
The Malakand Pass (Pashto: درہ ملاکنډ; Urdu: درۂ ملاکنڈ) is a mountain pass in the Malakand District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that connects Peshawar with the Chitral District.

The pass road begins at Dargai, which is 150 km the north-west from Islamabad. It then slopes upward towards the tunnel, reaching the areas of Swat and Dir. From the top of the pass, Swat Canal descends through the valley. The Canal was built by the British in the colonial era to channel water from the Swat River through Malakand Pass to the plain areas around Mardan.

The Pass is a wide open road and is well-structured but sometimes it may get extensively trafficked.

At the top end, it is guarded by the Malakand Fort from which it descends through the bazaar of Batkhela, with a Hindu Shahi fort perched above it. After this, it continues to reach the headworks of the Swat Canal to the Swat River. At the bottom end, it meets the plain areas of Mardan and the Charsadda District.

Chitral District
Chitral District (Khowar: ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: ضلع چترال) was a district in the Malakand Division of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 14 August 1947 to 2018. It was the northernmost and the largest district of the province, covering an area of 14,850 km2, before the district was split in two forming the new districts of Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral.

It shared district borders with Swat and Dir to the south, a provincial border with Gilgit-Baltistan to the east and the Durand Line as international border with Afghanistan to the north and west. Afghanistan's narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separated Chitral from Tajikistan in the north.
Muratlı, Tarsus
Muratlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 109 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the northeast of Tarsus and the junction of the motorways O.21 and O.52, and is slightly elevated with respect to the plains. It lies 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) away from Tarsus and 41 kilometres (25 mi) away from Mersin. Its main economic activity is agriculture with grapes being its principal crop.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Oste (surname)
Oste is an Italian-language occupational surname literally meaning "innkeeper". Oste may also be the Swedish surname Öste without diacritics. Notable people with the surnames include:

Joseph Julian Oste, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rehe, China, 1948–1971

Nemesi Marqués Oste (born 1935), Catholic priest, the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell from 1993 to 2012

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
Charles J. Burstone
Charles J. Burstone (April 4, 1928 – February 11, 2015) was an American orthodontist who was notable for his contributions to biomechanics and force-systems in the field of orthodontics. He was well known for co-development of new orthodontic material such as beta titanium, nickel titanium, and long fiber-reinforced composite. He wrote more than 200 articles in scientific fields.

Fiber-reinforced composite
A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) is a composite building material that consists of three components:

the fibers as the discontinuous or dispersed phase,

the matrix as the continuous phase, and

the fine interphase region, also known as the interface.

This is a type of advanced composite group, which makes use of rice husk, rice hull, rice shell, and plastic as ingredients. This technology involves a method of refining, blending, and compounding natural fibers from cellulosic waste streams to form a high-strength fiber composite material in a polymer matrix. The designated waste or base raw materials used in this instance are those of waste thermoplastics and various categories of cellulosic waste including rice husk and saw dust.
Lakewood East
Lakewood East, officially Beth Medrash Govoha of America in Eretz Yisroel (בית מדרש גבוה דאמריקא בארץ ישראל), is a yeshiva in Jerusalem, headed by Rabbi Yaakov Eliezer Schwartzman,  son of Rabbi Dov Schwartzman and the eldest grandson of Rabbi Aharon Kotler, founder of the Lakewood Yeshiva. It is officially a branch of the American yeshiva. The Mashgiach is currently Rabbi Rachamim Raymond.

Aharon Kotler
Aharon Kotler (February 2, 1892 – November 29, 1962) was a Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) rabbi and a prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in Lithuania and in the United States, where he founded Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood Township, New Jersey.
Human Fragility
Human Fragility is an oil-on-canvas painting of 1656 by the Italian artist Salvator Rosa. It was painted during a plague in Naples; many of Rosa's relatives, including his son, brother, and sister, died. The painting is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

The work depicts figures enacting an allegory: the seated woman is said to be Lucrezia, Rosa's mistress, and the young boy his son, wrist clenched by Death. The angel of death is manipulating the boy's hand to write "Conceptio Culpa, Nasci Pena, Labor Vita, Necesse Mori – 'Conception is a sin, Birth is a punishment, Life is toil, Death a necessity." The canvas is adorned with many foreboding indicia and memento mori(s)that remind the viewer that to be human is to be mortal. The ring of pale roses around the mother's head is probably an allusion to the family name. Salvator's own initials appear at the very bottom of the canvas, on the blade of the knife, a death symbol, the ruthless steel that has severed his family from him.

Naples Plague (1656)
The Naples Plague was an epidemic of  plague in the Kingdom of Naples, lasting from 1656 to 1658. The epidemic affected mostly Central Italy and Southern Italy, killing up to 1,250,000 people throughout the Kingdom of Naples according to some estimates.

In the city of Naples alone, approximately 150,000–200,000 people died in 1656 due to the plague, accounting for more than half of the population. The epidemic had a severe impact on the economic and social structure of Naples and some other affected areas.
La Roca del Vallès
La Roca del Vallès (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈrɔkə ðəl βəˈʎɛs]) is a village in the comarca of Vallès Oriental in the province of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 36.9 square kilometres (14.2 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 10,518.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
2024 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol
The 2024 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol, or 2024 FIBA South American Basketball League, was the 27th season of the Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol (LSB), the second tier of basketball in South America organised by FIBA Americas. The season began on 15 October and ended on 1 December 2024.

Instituto were the defending champions, but they did not participate in the tournament.

Nacional won their first title after a 77–76 overtime win against San Lorenzo in the final.

FIBA Americas
FIBA Americas (Spanish: Confederación Panamericana de Baloncesto, French: FIBA Amériques) is a continental federation of FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental zones.  FIBA Americas is responsible for the organization and governance of the major international basketball competitions in the continent american América. The headquarters is located in Miami, Florida and the current President is Fabian Borro of the United States. The current Executive Director is Carlos Alves.
Monique Stojanovic
Monique Stojanovic (born (1992-04-27)27 April 1992) is an Australian female volleyball player. She is part of the Australia women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
On club level she played for Victoria Volleyball Academy in 2014.

2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 22nd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 25 July to 24 August 2014. The Group 1 final round was held in Tokyo, Japan. The Brazilian star team won the tournament for the tenth time, the second consecutive victory.
Kőnig's lemma
Kőnig's lemma or Kőnig's infinity lemma is a theorem in graph theory due to the Hungarian mathematician Dénes Kőnig who published it in 1927. It gives a sufficient condition for an infinite graph to have an infinitely long path. The computability aspects of this theorem have been thoroughly investigated by researchers in mathematical logic, especially in computability theory. This theorem also has important roles in constructive mathematics and proof theory.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Owen Hannaway
Owen Hannaway (8 October 1939 – 21 January 2006) was a Scottish historian of science. He was particularly known for work in the history of chemistry, especially the 1975 book The Chemists and the Word: The Didactic Origins of Chemistry. He was a professor and department chair at Johns Hopkins University.

History of chemistry
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass,
and making alloys like bronze.

The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.
Gabrijel Veočić
Gabrijel Veočić (born 1 June 2001) is a Croatian boxer. He competed at the 2024 European Amateur Boxing Championships, winning the gold medal in the light heavyweight event. He also competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's 80 kg event, but was defeated in the quarter-final by Christian Javier Pinales.

Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 80 kg
The men's 80 kg (middleweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 27 July and 7 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.
Tiantai Temple (Mount Jiuhua)
Tiantai Temple (simplified Chinese: 天台寺; traditional Chinese: 天臺寺; pinyin: Tiāntaí Sì), also known as the Temple of Ksitigarbha (地藏寺), is the highest Buddhist temple dedicated to Ksitigarbha located on Mount Jiuhua, in Qingyang County, Anhui, China. It was first built in the Tang dynasty (618–907), and went through many changes and renovations through the following dynasties. Most of the present structures in the temple were repaired or built in the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911).

Qingyang, Anhui
Qingyang County (simplified Chinese: 青阳县; traditional Chinese: 青陽縣; pinyin: Qīngyáng Xiàn) is a county in the south of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. It is the northeasternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Chizhou. It has a population of 280,000 and an area of 1,181 square kilometres (456 sq mi). The government of Qingyang County is located in Rongcheng Town. Qingyang county benefited in 1540 from Ming literate Mao Kun (Chinese: 茅坤)(1512–1601)'s brief (2-month) tenure as magistrate.  He helped the coppersmiths of the area by shutting down illegal shops that were being run by people from outside the county, and mitigated the abuses of local bullies.  The county honored him with a shrine when he had to return home to mourn his father's death according to traditional rite.
Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO
The Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO (TTD) is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL–CIO. It was founded in February 1990 to provide AFL–CIO-affiliated unions whose members work in the transportation industry or who build transportation infrastructure a unified policy-making voice on transportation issues. TTD has 37 member unions as of October 2022.

Transportation Communications International Union
The Transportation Communications Union (TCU) is the successor to the union formerly known as the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks and includes within it many other organizations, including the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, that have merged with it since 1969.
Black Angels (Crumb)
Black Angels, subtitled "Thirteen Images from the Dark Land", is a work for "electric string quartet" by the American avant-garde composer George Crumb. It was composed over the course of a year and is dated "Friday the Thirteenth, March 1970 (in tempore belli)" as written on the score. The Latin phrase in tempore belli, in time of war, written into the score by Crumb is a reference to the Vietnam War taking place at the time when Black Angels was composed.

Crumb numerically structured the piece around 13 and 7, as numbers traditionally related to fate and destiny. The piece is notable for its unconventional instrumentation, which calls for electric string instruments, crystal glasses, and two tam-tams. The work quotes a portion of the second movement, Andante con moto, from Schubert's String Quartet No. 14.

Threnody
A threnody is a wailing ode, song, hymn or poem of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person. The term originates from the Greek word θρηνῳδία (threnoidia), from θρῆνος (threnos, "wailing") and ᾠδή (oide, "ode"), the latter ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂weyd- ("to sing") that is also the precursor of such words as "ode", "tragedy", "comedy", "parody", "melody" and "rhapsody".

Similar terms include "dirge", "coronach", "lament" and "elegy". The Epitaphios Threnos is the lamentation chanted in the Eastern Orthodox Church on Holy Saturday. John Dryden commemorated the death of Charles II of England in the long poem Threnodia Augustalis, and Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a "Threnody" in memory of his son.
Sergei Zinovjev
Sergei Olegovich Zinovjev (Russian: Серге́й Олегович Зиновьев; born March 4, 1980) is a Russian former professional ice hockey centre and General Manager of his original club, Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He is two-time World Champion (2008, 2009) for the Russian national team.

Zinovjev was selected 73rd overall by the Boston Bruins in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. Zinovjev has played ten career NHL games, scoring one assist. In 2004, Zinovjev was released from the Russian national team after testing positive for marijuana. In July 2009, he signed a five-year contract in a return with Salavat Yulaev Ufa. He concluded his 16-year professional career following the 2013–14 season.

Metallurg Novokuznetsk
Metallurg Novokuznetsk (Russian: Металлург Новокузнецк Shor: Металлург Аба-тура) is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. They are currently members of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
Johann Baer
Johann Baer was a German revolutionary socialist. He became a member of the Communist League. Following the Revolution of 1848 and 1849, he fled to London. Baer lived in London throughout the early 1850s. He was an associate of both Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.

Communist League
The Communist League (German: Bund der Kommunisten) was an international political party established on 1 June 1847 in London, England. The organisation was formed through the merger of the League of the Just, headed by Karl Schapper, and the Communist Correspondence Committee of Brussels, Belgium, in which Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the dominant personalities. The Communist League is regarded as the first Marxist political party and it was on behalf of this group that Marx and Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto late in 1847. The Communist League was formally disbanded in November 1852, following the Cologne Communist Trial.
Samos, Missouri
Samos is an unincorporated community in Mississippi County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was at the intersection of County roads 326 and 321 approximately 4.5 miles southeast of Charleston and 3.5 miles southwest of Wyatt. It was on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway line.

Charleston, Missouri
Charleston is a city in and the county seat of Mississippi County, Missouri, United States. The population was 5,056 at the 2020 census, a decrease from 5,947 in 2010. and since 1968 has been home to the annual Dogwood-Azalea Festival which highlights the old homes and gardens throughout the town.