hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Berbere
Berbere (Amharic: በርበሬ bärbäre, Tigrinya: በርበረ bärbärä) is a spice mixture whose constituent elements usually include chili peppers, coriander, garlic, ginger, Ethiopian holy basil (besobela) seeds, korarima, rue, ajwain or radhuni, nigella, and fenugreek. It is a key ingredient in the cuisines of Ethiopia and Eritrea.    Berbere also refers to chili pepper itself.

Berbere sometimes encompasses herbs and spices that are less well known internationally. These include both cultivated plants and those that grow wild in Ethiopia, such as korarima (Aframomum corrorima).

Psammogeton involucratus
Psammogeton involucratus, or radhuni' in Bengali (Bengali: রাধুনি), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is grown extensively in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. Its aromatic dried fruits are often used in Bengali cuisine including that of Bangladesh, but are rarely used in the rest of India. The fresh leaves are used as an herb in Thailand and it is used medicinally in Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Steinman
Steinman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan M. Steinman (born 1945), American physician, United States Coast Guard admiral and activist

David Steinman, American environmentalist and writer

David B. Steinman (1886–1960), American structural engineer

Eliezer Steinman (1892–1970), Israeli writer, journalist and editor

Jim Steinman (1947–2021), American rock composer and pianist

Ralph M. Steinman (1943–2011), Canadian immunologist and cell biologist, Nobel prize winner 2011

Sonia Steinman Gold (1917–2009), American alleged spy for the Soviet Union

David Steinman
David Steinman is an environmentalist, journalist, consumer health advocate, publisher and author. He has published five books focusing largely on environmental, dietary, and consumer safety issues, including Diet for a Poisoned Planet in 1990. He is the founder of the publishing company, Freedom Press, which publishes Healthy Living Magazine, and he also operated an online radio show entitled, Green Patriot Radio.
South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-210-282
South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-210-282 was a historic bridge in rural Turner County, South Dakota, carrying 461st Avenue across the East Fork Vermillion River southwest of Centerville. Built in 1909, it was a well-preserved example of bridges built for the county by the Iowa Bridge Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.  The bridge's original Pratt through main span was replaced by a steel girder span in 2009–10.

Turner County, South Dakota
Turner County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,673. Its county seat is Parker. The county was established in 1871, and was named for Dakota Territory official John W. Turner.

Turner County is a part of the Sioux Falls metropolitan area.
Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.

Pyroclastic rock
Pyroclastic rocks are clastic rocks composed of rock fragments produced and ejected by explosive volcanic eruptions. The individual rock fragments are known as pyroclasts. Pyroclastic rocks are a type of volcaniclastic deposit, which are deposits made predominantly of volcanic particles. Phreatic pyroclastic deposits are a variety of pyroclastic rock formed from volcanic steam explosions and are entirely composed of accidental clasts. Phreatomagmatic pyroclastic deposits are formed from explosive interaction of magma with groundwater. Pyroclastic material has been produced during some of history's most powerful volcanic eruptions, including the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, the large eruptions from the Yellowstone Caldera, and the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The word pyroclastic comes from the Ancient Greek words pyr, meaning "fire", and klastos, meaning "broken in pieces".
This One's for Tedi
This One's for Tedi is a studio album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman, released in 1985 by Audiophile Records. It was his final studio recording, made in August 1980, three years before his death. The album is dedicated to Hartman's wife Theodora (Tedi). According to producer George H. Buck Jr., This One's for Tedi "was the first digital recording to be made in Canada."

Nick Catalano
Dr. Nick Catalano is an American university educator and author. He is a professor of Literature and Music at Pace University in Pleasantville, New York.

He is director of the university's Performing Arts Music and Literature Program. In addition, he is a music columnist (Allaboutjazz.com), book reviewer (The Internet Review of Books), contributing editor to Arts&Opinion magazine,  and a writer/producer of documentaries for film and television (Greece [1990], The Hamptons [1991]).
Padma Bank
Padma Bank PLC. is a private commercial bank headquartered in Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The bank was established in 2013. The fourth-generation bank commenced its banking operation on June 3, 2013. By an order on January 29, 2019, Bangladesh Bank changed the name of The Farmers Bank Limited to Padma Bank Limited after the bank failed to pay its liabilities due to numerous bad loans and embezzlements.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Tregele
Tregele is a small village located in Llanbadrig community, in north Anglesey, Wales. Located about a mile south-west of the larger coastal village of Cemaes, it is also close to the Wylfa Nuclear Power Station now decommissioning on Wylfa Head. Despite its small size Tregele has a well stocked store and off licence incorporating a post office and petrol station.  One kilometre south of the village is a cromlech (ancient burial chamber) named Llanfechell Cromlech.

Dolmen
A dolmen (/ˈdɒlmɛn/), or portal tomb, is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the Late Neolithic period (4000–3000 BCE) and were sometimes covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus (burial mound). Small pad-stones may be wedged between the cap and supporting stones to achieve a level appearance. In many instances, the covering has eroded away, leaving only the stone "skeleton".

In Sumba (Indonesia), dolmens are still commonly built (about 100 dolmens each year) for collective graves according to lineage. The traditional village of Wainyapu has some 1,400 dolmens.
Yaroslavsky, Primorsky Krai
44°10′32″N 132°12′54″E﻿ / ﻿44.17556°N 132.21500°E﻿ / 44.17556; 132.21500

Yaroslavsky (Russian: Яросла́вский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Khorolsky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) southeast of the district's administrative center of Khorol. Population:  9,104 (2010 Census); 10,254 (2002 Census); 11,715 (1989 Soviet census).

Khorolsky District
Khorolsky District (Russian: Хоро́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 1,968.6 square kilometers (760.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khorol. Population:  30,281 (2010 census); 34,555 (2002 census); 43,557 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Khorol accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.
Greek submarine Papanikolis
Three ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Papanikolis (Παπανικολής), after the naval hero of the Greek War of Independence, Dimitrios Papanikolis:

Greek submarine Papanikolis (Y-2), a French-built boat, in service 1927–1945

Greek submarine Papanikolis (S-114), an ex-US GUPPY-IIA boat, in service 1972–1993

Greek submarine Papanikolis (S-120), the first boat of the Type 214 submarine class, in service since 2010

Dimitrios Papanikolis
Dimitrios Papanikolis (Greek: Δημήτριος Παπανικολής) (c. 1790–1855) was a naval hero of the Greek Revolution, famous for being the first to successfully employ a fireship to destroy an Ottoman ship of the line.
Aroma of wine
The aromas of wine are more diverse than its flavours. The human tongue is limited to the primary tastes perceived by taste receptors on the tongue – sourness, bitterness, saltiness, sweetness and savouriness. The wide array of fruit, earthy, leathery, floral, herbal, mineral, and woodsy flavour present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the olfactory bulb. In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before taking a sip in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different terms are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odour which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible wine fault. The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of fermentation and aging of the wine.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Georges Valensi
M. Georges Valensi (1889–1980) was a French telecommunications engineer who, in 1938, invented and patented a method of transmitting color images via luma and chrominance so that they could be received on both color and black & white television sets. Rival color television methods, which had been in development since the 1920s, were incompatible with monochrome televisions.

Valensi was an official of CCIF serving first as Secretary-General (1923–1948) and then as Director (1949–1956).

All current widely deployed color television broadcast standards – NTSC, SECAM, PAL and today's digital standards, and importantly digital image data compression – implement some form of his idea of reducing a signal to a separate luminance with chrominance encoded separately. The original patents expired in 1962.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Kingdom of the Morea
The Kingdom of the Morea or Realm of the Morea (Italian: Regno di Morea; Venetian: Regno de Morea; Greek: Βασίλειον του Μορέως, romanized: Vasíleion tou Moréos) was the official name the Republic of Venice gave to the Peloponnese peninsula in Southern Greece (which was more widely known as the Morea until the 19th century) when it was conquered from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War in 1684–99. The Venetians tried, with considerable success, to repopulate the country and reinvigorate its agriculture and economy, but were unable to gain the allegiance of the bulk of the population, nor to secure their new possession militarily. As a result, it was lost again to the Ottomans in a brief campaign from June to September in 1715.

Southern Greece
Southern Greece (Greek: Νότια Ελλάδα) is a loosely defined geographical term, usually encompassing the Peloponnese peninsula and varying parts of Continental Greece (Attica is usually included), as well as the islands of the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, and Crete. It has never corresponded to a specific administrative or other entity, but is usually defined in juxtaposition with Northern Greece.
Curtis Adams (magician)
Alan Curtis Adams is an American magician who, when 16 years old, appeared on The Young Magicians Showcase produced by magician Lance Burton and Fox Television.

Adams was born in Long Beach, California. In his teens he began his own production company and became one of the youngest magicians to perform in Reno, Nevada casinos. He graduated from high school a year early, at the age of 17, to pursue his career with Creative Director Don Wayne, best known for creating and producing material for David Copperfield's TV specials.

In 2006 Curtis Adams was the headliner in the main showroom of The Plaza Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. In 2007 he launched a national tour of his Las Vegas production "Curtis Adams - Magic That Rocks".

Adams' shows incorporate hip hop dance, pop music, comedy and motorcycle stunts.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
David Landau (screenwriter)
David Landau is a screenwriter and filmmaker. His screenplay Seance won Niad Management's Be A Hollywood Screenwriter competition, and his pitch for a television program based on his company, "Murder to Go," won the 2003 People's Pilot contest.  He won the Blackburn Award for Excellence in Playwriting for his comedy Deep Six Holiday.

With the publication of his The Mystery Express (1982), Landau is most often credited as the "inventor" of the interactive murder mystery. The play Murder at Café Noir is his most popular, having been performed over one hundred times across the United States.

In 1991, Murder at Café Noir was awarded the Orange Coast Magazine award for Best Dinner Theater.  Both Murder at Café Noir and its sequel Noir Suspicions are published by Samuel French.

Landau received his bachelor's degree at Ithaca College and his MFA in Screenwriting from Goddard College. He currently teaches screenwriting at Fairleigh Dickinson University.

Orange Coast (magazine)
Orange Coast is an American lifestyle magazine published for the Orange County, California region. Established in February 1974, Orange Coast is the oldest continuously published lifestyle magazine in the region. Orange Coast includes coverage of the region'a people, places, cuisine, fashion, home design and décor, and events. The magazine has been owned by Hour Media Group since 2017.

The magazine was re-imagined in June 2008 and again in August 2017. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

Previous owners of the publication include Emmis Publishing, which acquired it in July 2007.
Jimmy Scott
James Victor Scott (July 17, 1925 – June 12, 2014), also known as Little Jimmy Scott, was an American jazz vocalist known for his high natural contralto voice and his sensitivity on ballads and love songs.

After success in the 1940s and 1950s, Scott's career faltered in the early 1960s. He slid into obscurity before a comeback in the 1990s. His unusual singing voice was due to Kallmann syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that limited his height to 4 feet 11 inches (150 cm) until the age of 37, when he grew by 8 inches (20 cm). The syndrome prevented him from reaching classic puberty and left him with a high voice and unusual timbre.

Milestone Records
Milestone Records is an American jazz record company and label founded in 1966 by Orrin Keepnews and Dick Katz in New York City. The company was bought by Fantasy Records in 1972. Since then, it has produced LP reissues (including items from Keepnew's earlier Riverside label) as well as new recordings. Sonny Rollins and McCoy Tyner are among the musicians who recorded for the label.

Milestone has reissued many historic jazz recording sessions, including the Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings sides made for Gennett Records in the 1920s. The label also issued blues albums, most of them produced by Pete Welding. They include Driftin' Slim & His Blues Band's Somebody Hoo-Doo'd The Hoo-Doo Man, in addition to LPs by Mississippi Fred McDowell and Big Joe Williams.

Another company called Milestone Records was active in the late 1950s, releasing music by acts such as The Jodimars and The Blue Jays. This label was owned by rockabilly musician Werly Fairburn.
TT282
The Theban Tomb TT282 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Nakhtmin, also called Nakht, who lived during the reign of Ramesses II of the 19th Dynasty.

The tomb's owner is named Nakht and initially Fischer conjectured that the tomb belonged to Heqanakht, but the titles do not seem to match. The tomb was then conjectured to belong to  Anhernakht, who was likely the son of Minnakht and Tanedjemet.

Later work by Lanny Bell shows that the tomb belongs to Nakhtmin. The tomb contained two sarcophagi which did not record the names, but items including a faience knob and ushabtis are inscribed for Nakhtmin (sometimes transliterated as Minnakht).

Theban Necropolis
The Theban Necropolis (Arabic: مدينة طيبة الجنائزية, romanized: Madīnat Ṭaybah al-Janāʼizīyah) is a necropolis on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (Luxor) in Upper Egypt. It was used for ritual burials for much of the Pharaonic period, especially during the New Kingdom.
Privilege bracketing
In computer security, privilege bracketing is a temporary increase in software privilege within a process to perform a specific function, assuming those necessary privileges at the last possible moment and dismissing them as soon as no longer strictly necessary, therefore ostensibly avoiding fallout from erroneous code that unintentionally exploits more privilege than is merited. It is an example of the use of principle of least privilege in defensive programming.

Defensive programming
Defensive programming is a form of defensive design intended to develop programs that are capable of detecting potential security abnormalities and make predetermined responses. It ensures the continuing function of a piece of software under unforeseen circumstances. Defensive programming practices are often used where high availability, safety, or security is needed.

Defensive programming is an approach to improve software and source code, in terms of:

General quality – reducing the number of software bugs and problems.

Making the source code comprehensible – the source code should be readable and understandable so it is approved in a code audit.

Making the software behave in a predictable manner despite unexpected inputs or user actions.

Overly defensive programming, however, may safeguard against errors that will never be encountered, thus incurring run-time and maintenance costs.
University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory
The University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory (UNH-IOL) is an independent test organization that provides interoperability and standards conformance testing for networking, telecommunications, data storage, and consumer technology products.

Founded in 1988, it employs approximately 25 full-time staff members and over 100 part-time undergraduate and graduate students, and counts over 150 companies as members.

Open Compute Project
The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of data center product designs and industry best practices among companies. Founded in 2011, OCP has significantly influenced the design and operation of large-scale computing facilities worldwide.

As of February 2025, over 400 companies across the world are members of OCP, including Arm, Meta, IBM, Wiwynn, Intel, Nokia, Google, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, Dell, Rackspace, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA, Cisco, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, Lenovo, Accton Technology Corporation and Alibaba Group.
Political violence in Afghanistan
As a geographically fragmented state, Afghanistan is separated into as many as 14 ethnic groups that have historically faced divisions that devolved into political violence. This conflict reached its culminating point in the 1990s with the rise of the Taliban.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Chittenden-North (Vermont Senate district)
The Chittenden-North Vermont Senate District is a Vermont Senate election district. It was fielded after the 2022 U.S. Census, when legislators decided to create several new districts out of the Chittenden district, which had elected six members at-large.

Chittenden-North consists of part of the town of Essex, all of Milton, and all of Westford in Chittenden County, and the town of Fairfax in Franklin County.

The Chittenden-North district elects one state senator. In 2022, the general election winner was Irene Wrenner. In 2024, Chris Mattos defeated Wrenner's reelection bid.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.