hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crop tolerance to seawater
Crop tolerance to seawater is the ability of an agricultural crop to withstand the high salinity induced by irrigation with seawater, or a mixture of fresh water and seawater. There are crops that can grow on seawater and demonstration farms have shown the feasibility. The government of the Netherlands reports a breakthrough in food security as specific varieties of potatoes, carrots, red onions, white cabbage and broccoli appear to thrive if they are irrigated with salt water.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
William C. Ruger
William Crawford Ruger (January 30, 1824 Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York – January 14, 1892 Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1883 until his death.

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ oh-NYE-də) is a county in the state of New York, United States. As of February 26, 2024, the population was 226,654. The county seat is Utica.

The county is named in honor of the Oneida, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee, which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization. The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century, after the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state. Oneida County is part of the Utica–Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Karaeng Galesong
I Maninrori Kare Tojeng, also known as Karaeng Galesong, was a Makassarese nobleman and warrior, and a major leader of the Trunajaya rebellion in Java against the Mataram Sultanate. He participated in the successful invasion of East Java and the subsequent rebel victory at Battle of Gegodog (1676). He later fell out with Trunajaya, and built a stronghold in Kakaper, East Java. Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Bugis forces took Kakaper in October 1679, but Galesong escaped and rejoined Trunajaya. He died on 21 November 1679, either by illness or murdered by Trunajaya, before the rebellion ended.

Sultanate of Gowa
The Sultanate of Gowa was one of the great kingdoms in the history of Indonesia and the most successful kingdom in the South Sulawesi region. People of this kingdom come from the Makassarese people who lived in the south end and the west coast of southern Sulawesi.
Joseph Anthony
Joseph Anthony (born Joseph Deuster; May 24, 1912 – January 20, 1993) was an American playwright, actor, and director. He made his film acting debut in the 1934 film Hat, Coat, and Glove and his theatrical acting debut in a 1935 production of Mary of Scotland. On five occasions he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Direction.

Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play
The Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play has been given since 1960.  Before 1960 there was only one award for both play direction and musical direction, then in 1960 the award was split into two categories: Dramatic and Musical. In 1976 the Dramatic category was renamed to Play. For pre-1960 direction awards please reference Tony Award for Best Director.
Étienne Chevalier
Étienne Chevalier (c.1410 in Melun – 1474) was a major civil servant of the French kings Charles VII and Louis XI. He is also notable for commissioning two major works by Jean Fouquet - the Melun Diptych (which he gave to the Collégiale Notre-Dame de Melun) and the Hours of Étienne Chevalier (in which he is shown twice praying before the Virgin, to whom he is presented by his patron saint Stephen).

Melun
Melun (French pronunciation: [məlœ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about 41 kilometres (25+1⁄2 miles) from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its arrondissements. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.
Results breakdown of the 2008 Canadian federal election
The 40th Canadian federal election was held on October 14, 2008.

The Conservative Party of Canada, led by Stephen Harper, won a minority government. The Conservatives won 143 seats. The Liberal Party of Canada, won 77 seats. The separatist Bloc Québécois won 49 seats and the social-democratic New Democratic Party won 37. Two independent candidates won a seat, one each in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

Thunder Bay—Rainy River
Thunder Bay—Rainy River is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. It first elected a member in the 2004 federal election.
Mackay Episcopal Church
The Mackay Episcopal Church, located at Park Ave. and College in Mackay, Idaho, was built in 1902.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It was an Episcopal church.

It was designed by architects John E. Tourtellotte & Company.

It is a one-story frame building, which is rectangular except for an outset gabled vestry at the left rear.  It has a square belfry and it has shiplap siding.

A contemporary church, the Mackay Methodist Episcopal Church, was built in 1901 and is also NRHP-listed.

Hummel Architects
Hummel Architects PLLC is an American architectural firm based in Boise, Idaho. Its history extends back to 1890, when architect and contractor John E. Tourtellotte (1869-1939), of Massachusetts established himself in Boise. The firm is best remembered for the work it completed from 1910 to 1942 under the partnership / firm  name of Tourtellotte & Hummel, joining with Charles Hummel, including the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, (designed 1904-1913, constructed 1905-1920). From 1922 until 2002 it was led by three successive generations of the Hummel family.
Somayaji
Somayaji is a title within the Smarta Brahmin community for those that perform the Somayaga srauta ritual, or descendants of such people. The surname is most commonly seen among the Tulu Smarta Brahmins,  Nambudiri Brahmins from Kerala, and Telugu Vedic Brahmins.

Nilakantha Somayaji was a major Indian mathematician and astronomer of Kerala.

Puthumana Somayaji was a 15th-century mathematician from Kerala, India .

Tikkana or Tikkana Somayaji is the second poet of “Trinity of Poets (Kavi Trayam)” that translated Mahabharatam into Telugu.

Asuri Kesava Somayaji, the father of Ramanuja, a pre-eminent figure in the Srivaishnava sect of Hinduism.

Ganti Jogi Somayaji, famous Telugu linguist and poet.

Kavitrayam
Kavitrayam (Telugu: కవిత్రయం) is a Telugu expression for trinity of poets. Kavitrayam popularly refers to the poets who translated the great epic Mahabharata into Telugu. The kavitrayam comprises Nannayya, Tikkana and Yerrapragada.
Grey Fox Bluegrass Festival
Grey Fox Bluegrass Festival is an annual music festival held in mid-July in Oak Hill, Greene County, New York. The  festival features a variety of acoustic music including traditional and contemporary bluegrass, jam bands, old-time, swing and Cajun. The festival presents nationally and internationally touring bluegrass bands and showcases emerging artists from around the country.  Music runs Thursday through Sunday the third weekend of July.camping opens on Wednesday.  and attendance averages about 3,000.

In addition to performances on several stages, activities include dancing, camping, children's entertainment, yoga, jamming, hands-on music workshops, traditional dance instruction, professional development seminars for musicians, and a “Bluegrass Academy for Kids” ages 8 to 17.

Sam Bush
Charles Samuel Bush (born April 13, 1952) is an American mandolinist who is considered an originator of progressive bluegrass music. In 2020, he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame as a member of New Grass Revival. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame a second time in 2023 as a solo artist.
Fedir Vovk
Fedir Kindratovych Vovk (Ukrainian: Федір Кіндратович Вовк, 1847–1918) also known as Khvedir Vovk (Ukrainian: Хведір Вовк) was a Ukrainian anthropologist-archaeologist, the curator of the Alexander III Museum in St. Petersburg.

Vovk graduated from Kyiv University in 1871. He was an active member of the Kyiv Hromada. From 1887 to 1905 he lived in Paris to escape tsarist persecution; he earned a Ph.D. in 1900, and won the Godard Prize for his dissertation. In 1905 he returned to Russia, where, along with his position at the Alexander III Museum, he held a lecturership at Saint Petersburg University. He was granted a professorship at Kiev University in 1917 but died before he could take it up.

Vovk's research concerned the anthropological study of the Ukrainian people; in it he argued that the Ukrainians constituted a separate group of Slavs most closely related to the Southern Slavs (Dinaric race).

Dinaric race
The Dinaric race, also known as the Adriatic race, were pseudoscientific terms used by certain physical anthropologists in the early to mid-20th century to describe the perceived predominant phenotype of the contemporary ethnic groups of southeast Europe. According to the discredited theories of physical anthropologist Carleton Coon, the Dinaric race was most commonly found among the populations in the Balkans and Carpathians, such as Montenegrins, Serbs, Bosniaks, Croats, Ghegs, Slovaks, Romanians, Hungarians, Western Ukrainians, and Southern Poles. Additionally, in Northern Europe, the South Germans were also identified as having Dinaric characteristics.
Qari Ismail
Qari Ismail, a Taliban commander, was credited with downing an American Special Forces helicopter responding to Operation Red Wings in June 2005, killing all 16 soldiers aboard.

On 2 October 2003, Ismail, Ahmed Khadr and his son Abdulkareem, al-Jowfi, al-Iraqi and Khalid Habib  were all staying at a South Waziristan safe house. The following day, after Fajr prayers, Khadr told his son that Pakistani troops had warned a raid was scheduled in the village, and told him to start moving. A few minutes later, a Pakistani helicopter team and hundreds of security forces attacked the village.

In August 2004, Pakistan reported that it had arrested Ismail as a "key element" of al-Qaeda.

Fajr (prayer)
The fajr prayer, alternatively transliterated as fadjr prayer, and also known as the subh prayer, is one of the five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (salah). Consisting of two rak'a ("bows"), it is performed between the break of dawn and sunrise. It is one of two prayers mentioned by name in the Qur'an.
AG Real Estate
AG Real Estate (former Fortis Real Estate) is a wholly owned subsidiary of AG Insurance (Ageas) and the largest real estate group in Belgium, headquartered in Brussels. AG Real Estate has a portfolio under management of over €6 billion that incorporates office buildings, shopping malls, logistics properties, residential properties and shares in real estate investment funds, both listed and unlisted.

Its core activities include real estate development, asset management, property management, real estate financing and public car park management. AG Real Estate is a parent company of Interparking, one of Europe's best known premier car parking facility operators. AG Real Estate is one of the principal shareholders of the Sicafis (fixed capital real estate investment trusts) Befimmo, a former BEL20-company, and Ascencio. The multinational has approximately 2,600 employees in over ten countries.

BEL 20
The BEL 20 is the benchmark stock market index of Euronext Brussels. It tracks the performance of 20 most capitalized and liquid stocks traded in Belgium. In general, the index consists of a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 20 companies traded at the Brussels Stock Exchange. Since 20 June 2011, the BEL 20 has contained 20 listings, with the exception a one-month period in May–June 2018 when Ablynx stock was removed following the takeover by Sanofi, only to be replaced mid June by arGEN-X.
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L17
39S ribosomal protein L17, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL17 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Tokosha Mountains
Tokosha Mountains is a 6,148 ft (1,870 m) multi-peak massif located in the Alaska Range, in Denali National Park and Preserve, in Alaska, United States. It is situated between the toes of Ruth Glacier and Tokositna Glacier, 27 mi (43 km) south-southeast of Denali and 26 mi (42 km) northwest of Talkeetna. Despite its relatively low elevation, it is notable for its Teton-esque granite spires which can be seen from the George Parks Highway. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Tokositna River → Chulitna River → Susitna River. Topographic relief is significant as the highest summit, Grand Tokosha, rises 3,850 feet (1,173 meters) above the Ruth Glacier in one mile (1.6 km).

Chulitna River (Susitna River tributary)
The Chulitna River (Dena'ina: Ts'ilutnu) is a 110 km long right tributary of the Susitna River in southern part of interior Alaska. Three forks converge to form the river, which itself flows into the Susitna River near Talkeetna.
Mangobe Tembe
Mangobe Tembe was an 18th-century king of the Tembe people. He was the father of King Nkupo II and King Mabudu Tembe.

His reign marked the political and military peak of the Tembe Kingdom, which extended from the Indian Ocean to the Lebombo Mountains and southward into present-day KwaZulu Natal, the historic Maputaland-Lubombo region, and Mangobe is regarded by historians as the last king to rule over a united Tembe kingdom in the region before its fragmentation into wrangling royal factions after his death.

Lebombo Mountains
The Lebombo Mountains, also called Lubombo Mountains, Rivombo Mountains (Portuguese: Montes Libombos), are an 800 km-long (500 mi), narrow range of mountains in Southern Africa. They stretch from Hluhluwe in KwaZulu-Natal in the south to Punda Maria in the Limpopo Province in South Africa in the north. Parts of the mountain range are also found in Mozambique and Eswatini.
The Fir-Tree
"The Fir-Tree" (Danish: Grantræet) is a literary fairy tale by the Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875). The tale is about a fir tree so anxious to grow up, so anxious for greater things, that he cannot appreciate living in the moment. The tale was first published 21 December 1844 with "The Snow Queen", in New Fairy Tales. First Volume. Second Collection, in Copenhagen, Denmark, by C.A. Reitzel. One scholar (Andersen biographer Jackie Wullschlager) indicates that "The Fir-Tree" was the first of Andersen's fairy tales to express a deep pessimism.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Kent Warnock
Kent Warnock (born June 3, 1964) is a Canadian former professional football defensive lineman who played for eight seasons for the Calgary Stampeders and BC Lions. He was drafted first overall in the 1986 CFL draft by the Stampeders and won a Grey Cup championship with the team in 1992. He went to Lord Beaverbrook High School in Calgary, Alberta and played CIAU football for the Dinos where he won Vanier Cup championships in 1983 and 1985.

19th Vanier Cup
The 19th Vanier Cup was played on November 19, 1983, at Varsity Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, and decided the CIAU football champion for the 1983 season. The Calgary Dinos won their first ever championship by defeating the Queen's Golden Gaels by a score of 31-21.
Yoshitaka Iwamizu
Yoshitaka Iwamizu (岩水 嘉孝, Iwamizu Yoshitaka; born 20 June 1979 in Toyohashi, Aichi) is a Japanese long-distance runner. He competes in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

He finished fifth at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing, won a silver medal at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, Korea and finished eleventh at the 2003 World Championships in Paris. He also competed at the World Championships in 2001 and 2005 as well as the 2004 Summer Olympics without reaching the finals there.

He graduated from the Juntendo University.

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev house museum
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev house museum or Fayzulla Xoʻjayev memorial museum (Former name: Rich merchant's house museum) is a memorial building named after the politician Fayzulla Xoʻjayev located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The house museum is established inside the apartment. This museum is 3 hectare of land. It consists of two dividual inner courtyards for men and women. After Khojayev's death, this monument fell into neglect. In 2023, the house museum was reconstructed and opened for local and foreign tourists.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Begash
Begash in an archaeological site in the Koksu River valley in historic Zhetysu, Kazazkstan. The site is situated in piedmont steppes above the Zhalgyzagash River, a tributary of the Koksu River. The people of Begash were transhumant pastoralists who mainly herded sheep and goats. They likely used the site primarily as a place of winter residence. The people of Begash buried their dead first in cist and later in kurgan burials. So far, the earliest direct evidence for domesticated grains in Central Asia can be found at Begash, with the earliest evidence for the presence of both domesticated free-threshing wheat (from West Asia) and broomcorn millet (from East Asia).

Kurgan
A kurgan is a type of tumulus (burial mound) constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons, and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central Asia and Eastern, Southeast, Western, and Northern Europe during the third millennium BC.

The earliest kurgans date to the fourth millennium BC in the Caucasus, and some researchers associate these with the Indo-Europeans. Kurgans were built in the Eneolithic, Bronze, Iron, Antiquity, and Middle Ages, with ancient traditions still active in Southern Siberia and Central Asia.
North West of Ireland Printing and Publishing Company
The North West of Ireland Printing and Publishing Company (NWIPP) is a family-owned newspaper group based in the Irish province of Ulster, both in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The company was established in 1901 by the Lynch family with the launch of the Ulster Herald. The company expanded rapidly in the following years adding the Derry People (now Donegal News) and Fermanagh Herald in 1902; and purchased the Strabane Chronicle, which had been established in 1896. The Tyrone Herald was launched in November 2004, and a Monday edition of the Donegal News was also launched in November 2006. The company also publishes the weekly Gaelic games paper, Gaelic Life, starting in January 2007. The company is based in Omagh, County Tyrone. The group's circulation for the first half of 2010 (excluding Gaelic Life) was 53,038, making it one of the largest family-owned newspaper companies in Ireland.

Tyrone Daily Herald
The Tyrone Daily Herald is an American daily newspaper serving Tyrone, Pennsylvania, and region – northern Blair County and nearby portions of Centre and Huntingdon Counties.  The newspaper has been running for one hundred and fifty-eight years, the latter one hundred and thirty-eight as a daily.
Large-scale whiting
The large-scale whiting (Sillaginops macrolepis) the only member of the genus Sillaginops, is a poorly understood species of coastal marine fish of the smelt- whiting family Sillaginidae. First described in 1859, the large-scale whiting is known to inhabit shallow waters along the coasts of a number of Indo-Pacific countries including Japan, Indonesia, Philippines and the Solomon Islands. Little is known of the species biology, even though it is of minor importance to fisheries throughout its range.

The species was first scientifically described by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker in 1859 from a specimen collected from the waters of Batavia in Bali, Indonesia. This specimen was designated to be the holotype.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.