hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tagus, North Dakota
Tagus (/ˈteɪɡəs/ TAY-gəs) is a ghost town in Mountrail County, North Dakota, United States. The town was founded in 1900, approximately forty miles west of Minot and along the Great Northern Railway's transcontinental route. It was incorporated in 1908 and reached a peak population of 140 in 1940. It was originally named Wallace, but was later renamed Tagus to avoid confusion with the town of Wallace, Idaho. It was named after the Tagus river, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.

Tagus reported a population of just 14 during the 1970 Census, and the town disincorporated after its last business closed in 1976. The area is now part of Egan Township. In 2001, the sole remaining church was destroyed by fire, and local residents attribute the fire to vandalism. The spot is now marked by a memorial plaque. Tagus is now primarily abandoned, with a handful of residents and numerous vacant structures.

1970 United States census
The 1970 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 203,392,031, an increase of 13.4 percent over the 179,323,175 persons enumerated during the 1960 census.

This was the first census since 1820 in which New York was not the most populous state—California overtook it in population in January 1963. This was also the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 300,000, and the first in which a city in the geographic South—Houston—recorded a population of over 1 million.

Accurate racial census data was required by both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the 1970 Census changed to identify race on the basis of self-identification rather than by government census enumerators. Virtually all of the key items from the 1960 census were retained.
Point Blank Radio
Point Blank Radio also known as Point Blank DAB is a London-based DAB and online radio station specialising in house music and other forms of classic and contemporary electronic music, with shows also focusing on a wider range of genres such as soul, jazz and world music.

Point Blank first broadcast in 1994 as a pirate radio station from Slough.

In April 2021, it was announced that the station would soon join the Surrey DAB Mux. It commenced licensed broadcasting on 26 June 2021.

MuxCo
MuxCo is an operator of digital radio in the United Kingdom.  It is, in joint ventures, the operator of twelve local DAB ensembles in various parts of England and Wales. MuxCo is owned by Arqiva and Folder Media.

MuxCo initially partnered with local radio groups to bid for each local multiplex. It remains a shareholder in nine of them, whilst North West Wales and Mid and West Wales are now owned by Nation Broadcasting and the Channel Islands by Tindle CI Broadcasting. It continues to manage them on their behalf.
Alain Morisod
Alain Morisod (born 23 June 1949) is a Swiss musician and television producer, known for forming Sweet People who had a UK number 4 hit in 1980 with "Et Les Oiseaux Chantaient (And the Birds Were Singing)".

Arlette Zola
Arlette Zola (born Arlette Jaquet, 29 April 1949, in Fribourg), is a singer who represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982. Her song, "Amour on t'aime", was an upbeat number. Zola was placed third behind Germany and Israel. She made two further attempts at reaching the Eurovision finals. In 1984, she took third place in the Swiss final with Emporte-moi. 1985 also saw her in third spot, this time with Aime-moi, performed with Helder and the Heldernauts.

An early Arlette Zola song, "Je suis folle de tant t'aimer", dating back to the 1960s, can be heard on the CD Swinging Mademoiselles.
Ethnic flag
An ethnic flag is a flag that symbolizes a certain ethnic group. Ethnic flags are often introduced to the ethnic community through the respective cultural or political ethnic movements.
They are popular among diasporas, ethnic minorities, and some ethnic majorities, especially in multiethnic countries.

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
John Landry (actor)
John Francois Landry is a British character actor born in Nairobi, Kenya.

Landry is best known for roles in Coronation Street, Public Eye, The Avengers, The Sandbaggers, and Minder.

His sole television starring role is as Turtle in the comedy series, Turtle's Progress, which was a spin-off from the drama series  "The Hanged Man", both created by writer Edmund Ward.

Turtle's Progress
Turtle's Progress is a British television series, created by Edmund Ward and broadcast between 23 April 1979 and 4 July 1980.  The offbeat humour of the show attracted a small but cult audience, and the show ran for two series. The theme music was written and sung by Alan Price.
Elizabeth Newell Hernandez
Elizabeth Newell Hernandez (born 26 March 1982) is an American female road and track cyclist. She competed in the points race event at the 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. She is part of the UCI women's team named Colavita/Bianchi.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Income tax audit
In the United States, an income tax audit is the examination of a business or individual tax return by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or state tax authority. The IRS and various state revenue departments use the terms audit, examination, review, and notice to describe various aspects of enforcement and administration of the tax laws.

The IRS enforces the U.S. Federal tax law primarily through the examination of tax returns that have the highest potential for noncompliance. According to the IRS, "[t]his identification is determined using risk-based scoring mechanisms, data driven algorithms, third party information, whistleblowers and information provided by the taxpayer. The objective of an examination is to determine if income, expenses and credits are being reported accurately."

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
George Henderson (footballer, born 1880)
George Hunter Henderson (2 May 1880 – 27 January 1930) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right half for Rangers, Middlesbrough, Chelsea among others. He won the Scottish Cup with Rangers in 1903.

Henderson played once for Scotland, against Ireland on 26 March 1904.

1902–03 Scottish Cup
The 1902–03 Scottish Cup was the 30th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The cup was won by Rangers when they beat Heart of Midlothian 2–0 in the final at Celtic Park after two replays to claim the trophy for a fourth time.
Kuyunba Conservation Reserve
Kuyunba Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of  Australia.

It is located approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south west of Alice Springs and 1,520 kilometres (944 mi) south of Darwin.

The threatened black-footed rock wallaby is known to inhabit the area.

The conservation reserve is categorised as an IUCN Category V protected area.

IUCN protected area categories
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The IUCN has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives. Further supplementary guidelines have been developed specific to marine protected areas (MPAs).

This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the United Nations and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Elim, Western Cape
Elim is a village on the Agulhas Plain in the Western Cape of South Africa. It was established in August 1824 by German missionaries as a Moravian mission station. When selecting the location, the missionaries placed a high priority on the proximity of water and on terrain that was suitable for planting vines so that wine for communion could be produced.  As well as preaching the Gospel, the missionaries taught the villagers a variety of trades and skills. Elim's thatchers continue to be renowned for their craftsmanship.

The village is picturesque and has changed little over the years. It is filled with whitewashed cottages, fruit trees and fynbos. All the roads in the village lead to the thatch-roofed church. The community, still mainly Moravian, consists of farmers, farm workers and artisans.

Elim is becoming known for the export of fynbos, and as an emerging area in the production of wine.

Artisan
An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.
Jamalpur, Bhiwani
Jamalpur is a village in the Bawani Khera tehsil and Bawani Khera (Vidhan Sabha constituency) of Bhiwani district in Haryana state of India. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north west of Bawani Khera and 25 kilometres (16 mi) south east of the district headquarters town of Bhiwani.

Bhiwani district
Bhiwani district is one of the 22 districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Created on 22 December 1972, it was the largest district of the state by area, before the creation of Charkhi Dadri as a separate district, as it occupied an area of 4,778 square kilometres (1,845 mi2) and administered 442 villages with a population of 1,634,445. Sirsa is now the largest district of the state.

The district headquarters is the city of Bhiwani, which is around 124 kilometres (77 mi) from the national capital Delhi. Other major towns in the district are Siwani, Loharu, Tosham, Bawani Khera, Kohlawas, Lamba.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Haryana (out of 21), after Faridabad and Hisar.
Herbert Swears
Herbert William Swears (26 December 1868 in Surrey – 6 March 1946 in Sussex) was an author and playwright active in the United Kingdom between 1890 and 1920. He worked as a bank clerk and his father was blind. He wrote 22 published works including novellette and plays. Herbert Swears's one-act play The Young Idea was seen in 1936, long after publication across the Atlantic. A tight corner was revived as recently as 2012 by the Comedy Playhouse in Arizona. Swears acted as honorary secretary to the Irving Dramatic Society. Herbert toured the world at least once with a renowned actress Dame Madge Kendal.

Comedy Playhouse
Comedy Playhouse is a long-running British anthology series of one-off unrelated sitcoms that aired for 128 episodes from 1961 to 1975. Many episodes later graduated to their own series, including Steptoe and Son, Meet the Wife, Till Death Us Do Part, All Gas and Gaiters, Up Pompeii!, Not in Front of the Children, Me Mammy, That's Your Funeral, The Liver Birds, Are You Being Served? and particularly Last of the Summer Wine, which is the world's longest running sitcom, having run from January 1973 to August 2010. In all, 27 sitcoms started from a pilot in the Comedy Playhouse strand.

In March 2014, it was announced that Comedy Playhouse would make a return that year with three new episodes. Two further series each comprising three episodes were broadcast in 2016 and 2017 respectively.
Charles Ryle Fay
Charles Ryle Fay (13 January 1884 – 19 November 1961) was a noted British economic historian. He was a strong advocate of co-operation, workers' rights and women's rights. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby and King's College, Cambridge, where he was a student alongside John Maynard Keynes. The two remained friends until Keynes' death.

Fay's papers are held at the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.

Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby
Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby is a 7–18 boys private day school, located in Great Crosby on Merseyside. The school's motto is that of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors: Concordia Parvae Res Crescunt (Small Things Grow in Harmony).

From September 2025, Merchant Taylors' Girls' School will join Merchant Taylors’ Boys’ School to create a co-educational senior school. The newly created school will be known as Merchant Taylors’ School and will be co-educational for all pupils aged 4–18.
Cactus graph
In graph theory, a cactus (sometimes called a cactus tree) is a connected graph in which any two simple cycles have at most one vertex in common. Equivalently, it is a connected graph in which every edge belongs to at most one simple cycle, or (for nontrivial cacti) in which every block (maximal subgraph without a cut-vertex) is an edge or a cycle.

Complete graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge.  A complete digraph is a directed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a pair of unique edges (one in each direction).

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete graphs, with their vertices placed on the points of a regular polygon, had already appeared in the 13th century, in the work of Ramon Llull. Such a drawing is sometimes referred to as a mystic rose.
Adnams
Adnams is a regional brewery founded in 1872 in Southwold, Suffolk, England, by George and Ernest Adnams. It produces cask ale and bottled beers. Annual production is around 85,000 barrels.

In 2010, the company established the Copper House distillery for the production of gin, vodka and English whisky.

Real ale
Real ale is the name coined by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) for ale that is "brewed from traditional ingredients, matured by secondary fermentation in the container from which it is dispensed, and served without the use of extraneous carbon dioxide".
Hull–Chelsea–Wakefield Railway
The Hull–Chelsea–Wakefield Railway was a 33 km (20.5 mi) heritage railway in Quebec, Canada, running tourist trains through the scenic Gatineau Hills and beside the Gatineau River between Hull (part of the city of Gatineau) and the tourist town of Wakefield (part of La Pêche municipality) from May to October, using a 1907 Swedish steam locomotive, E2 class number 909, and 1940s-built Swedish passenger cars. On average, the railway attracted about 50 000 tourists and generated revenues of about $8 million for the region.

The line was closed by a 2011 track bed washout and as of 2022 has not re-opened. Cost to repair is estimated above $5 million.

Gatineau Hills
The Gatineau Hills (French: Collines de la Gatineau) are a geological formation in Canada that makes up part of the southern tip of the Canadian Shield, and acts as the northern shoulder of the Ottawa Valley. They are also the foothills of the Laurentian Mountains which stretch east through Quebec, beginning north of Montreal and joining up with others into Vermont and New Hampshire.
Elliptio mcmichaeli
Elliptio mcmichaeli, the fluted elephantear, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is endemic to the Escambia and Choctawhatchee River systems in the southeastern United States.  As of 2014, its NatureServe conservation status is "imperiled."

Conecuh River
The Conecuh River (upper portion) and Escambia River (lower portion) are a single 258-mile-long (415 km) river in the southern United States, which flows from Alabama through Florida into the Gulf of Mexico.

The Conecuh River rises near Union Springs, Alabama and flows 198 miles (319 km) in a general southwesterly direction into Florida near the town of Century. The Conecuh is dammed at two points in Covington County: at the Gantt Dam (6.57 miles north of Andalusia) and at the Point A Dam (4.23 miles northwest of Andalusia, inside the town limits of River Falls). The river's name changes from the Conecuh to the Escambia at the junction of Escambia Creek, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) downstream from the Florida-Alabama line. After this point, the Escambia River flows 60 miles (97 km) south to Escambia Bay, an arm of Pensacola Bay.

The river is dredged in the lower course.
Lubomír Havlák
Lubomír Havlák (27 December 1921 – 28 September 2014) was a Czech dramatic tenor born at Fryčovice near Ostrava, former Czechoslovakia.

His professional career started at the theatre in Ostrava (Hunter in Rusalka), followed by performances in the Ústí nad Labem opera theater (Turridu in Cavalleria Rusticana), Bratislava and Košice (Pedro in Tiefland).

He was member of The National Theatre in Prague since 1954 till 1990.

His most remarkable engagement outside Czechoslovakia was in 1960s in Berlin Opera House (Florestan).

He died in September 2014 at the age of 92.

Cavalleria rusticana
Cavalleria rusticana (pronounced [kavalleˈriːa rustiˈkaːna]; Italian for 'Rustic Chivalry') is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from an 1880 short story of the same name and subsequent play by Giovanni Verga. Considered one of the classic verismo operas, it premiered on 17 May 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called "Cav/Pag" double-bill with Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo.
Glenfield Rovers
Glenfield Rovers was a semi-professional football club based in Glenfield, New Zealand. The men's team competed in the NRFL Division 1 in 2020, having suffered relegation from the NRFL Premier in 2019. The women's team competed in the NRFL Women's Premier League, finishing 2nd with 40 points in the 2019 season.

NRFL Championship
The Northern Regional Football League Championship, currently known as Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a semi-professional New Zealand association football league competition. Up until 2022, the competition was known as NRFL Division 1.

The league includes football clubs located in the northern part of the North Island, with clubs from the Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty provinces. The league sits at step 3 of the New Zealand football pyramid.
Yamato Fujita
Yamato Fujita (藤田 倭, Fujita Yamato; born 18 December 1990) is a Japanese softball pitcher for the Japan women's national softball team. She represented Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal.

She participated at the 2018 Asian Games, and the 2018 Women's Softball World Championship.

Japan women's national softball team
The Japan women's national softball team is the national team of Japan in international softball competitions. It is governed by the Japan Softball Association. They are currently ranked #2 in the world by the International Softball Federation. In four Olympic Games, since 1996 until 2008, Japan has won one gold medal, a silver medal and a bronze medal. In the top four nations at the Olympics, Japan is the second most successful national team (winning three medals), following the United States (four medals, three gold and a silver), and beating out Australia (also four medals out of which three were bronze and one silver) and China with one silver medal. After winning the gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics, the Japanese national team was defeated by the United States team at the XII Women's Softball World Championship in Caracas, Venezuela.
Stephen Tomusange
Stephen Salonga Tomusange was an Anglican bishop who served in Uganda during the second half of the 20th century.

He was educated at King's College Budo and Buwalasi Theological College. He was ordained deacon in 1936 and priest in 1938. He served in the Diocese of the Upper Nile and was its Assistant Bishop from 1952 to 1961 (he was also Archdeacon of Teso from 1959).  He was translated to Soroti in 1961;  and again to West Buganda in 1965 (where he was also Dean). Tomusange retired in 1974.

Translation (ecclesiastical)
Translation is the transfer of a bishop from one episcopal see to another. The word is from the Latin translatio, meaning "carry across" (another religious meaning of the term is the translation of relics).

This can be:

From one diocesan bishopric to another bishopric which is perceived as more important (or the bishop prefers as their see)

From suffragan bishop status to diocesan bishop

From coadjutor bishop to diocesan bishop

From one country's episcopate to another

From diocesan bishop to archbishop
Tsukiji Hongan-ji
Tsukiji Hongan-ji (築地本願寺), officially romanized Hongwan-ji, is a Jodo Shinshu Buddhist temple located in the Tsukiji district of Tokyo, Japan.

The temple is adjacent to Tsukiji Station on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line.

Hibiya Line
The Hibiya Line (日比谷線, Hibiya-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. The line was named after the Hibiya area in Chiyoda's Yurakucho district, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color silver, and its stations are given numbers using the letter "H".