hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gela
Gela (Sicilian and Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒɛːla]; Ancient Greek: Γέλα) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Autonomous Region of Sicily, Italy; in terms of area and population, it is the largest  municipality on the southern coast of Sicily. Gela is part of the Province of Caltanissetta and is one of the few comuni in Italy with a population and area that exceed those of the provincial capital.

Gela was founded in 698 BC by Greek colonists from Rhodes and Crete; it was an influential polis of Magna Graecia in the 7th and 6th centuries BC and became one of the most powerful cities until the 5th c. BC. Aeschylus, the famous playwright, lived here and died in 456 BC. In 1943, during the Invasion of Sicily, the Allied forces made their first landing on the island at Gela.

Regional autonomy
Regional autonomy is the authority of a region to govern and administer the interests of the local people according to its own initiatives.

21st-century examples of disputes over autonomy include the Basque Country and Catalonia in Spain, Sicily in Italy, and the disputes over autonomy of provinces in Indonesia. Other examples of autonomous regions include the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China and the Cherokee Nation in the United States.

There is also an example of Sri Lanka where the Sri Lankan Tamils asked for regional autonomy and the government declined it, leading to struggle by the Tamil community.
Grecian Formula
Grecian Formula was a men's hair coloring product from Combe Incorporated. Until 2018 (see below) the formulation used in the United States contained lead(II) acetate. Because lead acetate was banned in cosmetics in Canada and the European Union, the formulations sold there did not contain it. In 2017, the Environmental Defense Fund and other consumer groups filed a complaint with the Food and Drug Administration to force the removal of lead acetate from Grecian Formula and other hair dyes. As of July 2018, ingredients of Grecian Formula are water, isopropyl alcohol, triethanolamine, bismuth citrate, sodium thiosulfate, fragrance, and panthenol. Lead acetate has been replaced by bismuth citrate as the progressive colorant.

Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine, or TEOA, is an organic compound with the chemical formula N(CH2CH2OH)3. It is a colourless, viscous liquid. It is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Approximately 150,000 tonnes were produced in 1999.  It is a colourless compound although samples may appear yellow because of impurities.
County of Banks, Queensland
The county of Banks is one of the counties of Queensland, Australia, that existed before 1901.  The county is divided into civil  parishes. It is located in Far North Queensland, and is named for Sir Joseph Banks, who with Captain James Cook landed in 1770 at a location within the county. Banks includes the towns of Cooktown, Lakeland and Laura.

Cooktown, Queensland
Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repairs in 1770. Both the town and Mount Cook (431 metres or 1,415 feet) which rises up behind the town were named after James Cook.

Cooktown is one of the few large towns in the Cape York Peninsula and was founded on 25 October 1873 as a supply port for the goldfields along the Palmer River. It was called "Cook's Town" until 1 June 1874.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Cooktown had a population of 2,746 people.
Korff Ice Rise
Korff Ice Rise  is an ice rise, 80 nautical miles (150 km) long and 20 nautical miles (40 km) wide, lying 50 nautical miles (90 km) east-northeast of Skytrain Ice Rise in the southwestern part of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. It was discovered by the US–IGY Ellsworth Traverse Party, 1957–58, and named by the party for Professor Serge A. Korff, vice chairman of the cosmic ray technical panel, U.S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year, 1957–59. Radar surveying in 2013-2015 by a team from the British Antarctic Survey found the ice to be up to around 600 metres (2,000 ft) thick and found evidence that the Raymond Effect was operating beneath the ice divide.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Oil industry in Poland
The oil industry in Poland began at Bóbrka Field in 1853 , followed by the first refinery in 1854.  Poland was the third most productive region in the world in 1900. It now has only a small, mostly state-owned component, with production from its Permian Basin in the west, small and very old fields in the Carpathians in the south, and offshore in the Baltic Sea.

Bóbrka, Krosno County
Bóbrka [ˈbubrka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorkówka, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

Bóbrka with the surrounding area from Krosno to Gorlice is among the oldest places where the roots of world oil industry started. In the forest near Bóbrka the world's first oil field was established, with a regular oil output since 1854. One of the rock oil mine owners was Polish pharmacist, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, who was the first to produce distilled kerosene from oil in 1852/1853. He also invented the kerosene lamp in 1853. The world's oldest oil mine is a registered Historic Monument of Poland.
Kenny Easwaran
Kenny Easwaran is an Indian American philosopher and Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine.

His expertise lies in epistemology, decision theory, mathematical logic and philosophy of mathematics. Easwaran is an associate editor of Journal of Philosophical Logic. Two of his articles have been selected as among the "ten best" of their year by the Philosopher's Annual.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Patrick Neate (cricketer)
Patrick Whistler Neate (born 2 May 1946) is an English former cricketer.  Neate was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Newbury, Berkshire.

Neate made his only first-class appearance for Oxford University in 1966, against Nottinghamshire. Neate scored just 3 runs in the match.

Two years prior to playing for Oxford University, Neate made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Berkshire in 1964 against Dorset.  From 1964 to 1979, he represented the county in 77 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came in the 1979 Championship when Berkshire played Devon.

Berkshire County Cricket Club
Berkshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor counties clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Berkshire.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Berkshire played List A matches occasionally until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.
2010 Channel One Cup
The 2010 Channel One Cup took place between 16 and 19 December 2010. Five matches were played in Megasport Arena in Moscow, Russia, and one match was played in Barona Areena in Espoo, Finland. The tournament was a part of the 2010–11 Euro Hockey Tour.

Russia won the tournament before the Czech Republic and Sweden, while Finland ended up fourth.

Espoo Metro Areena
Espoo Metro Areena (known from 1999 to January 2009 as LänsiAuto Areena, and from 2009 to October 2015 as Barona Areena) is an arena in the Tapiola District of Espoo, Finland. The arena is part of the Tapiolan Urheilupuisto (Tapiola Sports Park). It was inaugurated in 1999 and holds 6,982 people for ice-hockey games or up to 8,000 for concerts.
Hultholia
Hultholia mimosoides is a liana species and the sole species in the genus Hultholia. It was formerly placed in the genus Caesalpinia but phylogenetic studies identified the group to be polyphyletic, leading the placement of Caesalpinia mimosoides in a new genus, Hultholia in the tribe Caesalpinieae. Its distribution includes: Bangladesh, Yunnan in China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

This species is distinct and can be separated from Caesalpinia by the glandular spots covering the stem, calyx, and fruits. The pods are falcate and inflated. The needle-like trichomes on the stem are different from the prickles on stems of species in Mezoneuron and other genera previously placed in Caesalpinia. The genus name commemorates the Cambodian taxonomist Salvamony Hul Thol.

Gallic acid can be extracted from the plant. It is a food plant for the caterpillars of Eurema blanda.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Stamp Buttress
Stamp Buttress is an upstanding rocky headland forming the seaward termination of Dunikowski Ridge. Named for Sir Laurence Dudley Stamp (1898–1966), an English stratigrapher and geographer. He was Professor of Geology and Geography, University of Rangoon (1923–26), and Professor of Economic Geography at the London School of Economics (1926–1945). He is also the author of Britain's Structure and Scenery (1949).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stamp Buttress". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

62°9′S 58°9′W﻿ / ﻿62.150°S 58.150°W﻿ / -62.150; -58.150

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Elsworth Wood
Elsworth Wood is a 6.9-hectare (17-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Cambourne and Elsworth in Cambridgeshire.

This site has three different uncommon types of woodland. It is mainly coppiced field maple, with a varied shrub layer and the ground flora is mainly dog's mercury and bluebells, together with a considerable population of oxlips. There are several nationally uncommon beetles, such as the rove beetle Stichoglossa semirufa.

The site is private land with no public access.

Mercurialis perennis
Mercurialis perennis, commonly known as dog's mercury, is a poisonous woodland plant found in much of Europe as well as in Algeria, Iran, Turkey, and the Caucasus, but almost absent from Ireland, Orkney and Shetland. A member of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), it is a herbaceous, downy perennial with erect stems bearing simple, serrate leaves. The dioecious inflorescences are green, bearing inconspicuous flowers from February to April.  It characteristically forms dense, extensive carpets on the floor of woodlands and beneath hedgerows.
Almighty (rapper)
Alejandro Mosqueda Paz (born 20 January 1995), known professionally as Almighty, is a Cuban rapper. He released his debut "Amárrate las Timber" in 2015. He is known for the Spanish version of Desiigner's song "Panda" in collaboration with Farruko. He has also collaborated with artists such as Bad Bunny, Jon Z, Wisin, among others.

Since 2019, Mosqueda has collaborated with Christian artists like Funky, Alex Zurdo, and Redimi2. His song "Filipenses 1:6" in collaboration with Redimi2 was awarded the "Best Urban/Christian Song" at the 2020 Tu Música Urbano Awards.

Farruko
Carlos Efrén Reyes Rosado (born May 2, 1991), known professionally as Farruko, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter. He rose to fame collaborating with Daddy Yankee, J Balvin, Don Omar, and J Álvarez. He came to prominence in 2010 with his first solo album, El Talento del Bloque.
Béla Lőwig
Béla Lőwig (7 July 1902 – 1982) was a Hungarian boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He also took part in the 1924 and 1925 Europa Championships. In 1927, he was banned from boxing for six months due to violations against officers of the Hungarian Boxing Association, and he did not return to the sport when his ban was lifted.

Lőwig also worked as a bodyguard for the Hungarian fascist leader Ferenc Szálasi. In 1946, he was sentenced to three years in prison.

Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Lightweight
The men's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 135.5 pounds (61.2 kilograms). The competition was held from July 16, 1924 to July 20, 1924. 30 boxers from 22 nations competed.
1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Indian state of West Bengal in 1967 to elect 280 members to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. United Front led by Ajoy Mukherjee won majority of seats in the election, and formed the first non-Congress government of the state.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Bullet (nickname)
Bullet is the nickname of:

Bullet Rogan (1893–1967), baseball pitcher and outfielder in the American Negro leagues

Bullet Joe Bush (1892–1974), baseball pitcher credited with inventing the forkball pitch

Bullet Baker (1900–1961), professional football player

Darren Ford (baseball) (born 1985), nicknamed The Bullet, baseball player

Bob Hayes (1942–2002), known as Bullet Bob, American sprinter and National Football League wide receiver

Bullet Prakash (born 1976), Indian actor

Bullet Jalosjos (born 1979), Filipino businessman and politician

Dan "Bullet" Riley, an alias of Dan Policowski, an early professional football player who caught the first recorded forward pass in 1906

Bullet Joe Simpson (1893–1973), Canadian profession ice hockey defenceman

Percy Langdon Wendell (1889-1932), American college football player and coach and college basketball coach

Bullet Prakash
Bullet Prakash  (2 April 1976 – 6 April 2020) was an Indian actor who worked in Kannada cinema. Known for portraying comic roles, Prakash appeared in over 325 films. He earned the nickname "Bullet" because he used to ride the motorbike, Royal Enfield Bullet. In 2015, Prakash joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Prakash appeared in films such as Mast Maja Maadi (2008), Aithalakkadi (2010), Mallikarjuna (2011) and Aryan (2014). He also appeared in a Tulu film, Soombe.
Watts Restaurant and Grill
Watts Restaurant and Grill was a restaurant operating in Chapel Hill, Orange County, North Carolina throughout the 1950s and 60s. The restaurant shared the property with a motel, which operated under the same name.

Watts Restaurant was founded in the early 1950s by Austin and Jeppie Watts. In the 1950s and 1960s, Watts Grill became a popular venue for the KKK, as well as students and fraternity organizations from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Fraternities such as Lambda Chi Alpha, Chi Phi, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, among others, would visit Watts Grill during pledge week and frequently host parties there. Despite the restaurant's growing popularity, the Wattses remained adamant in their ways and refused to serve any Black clientele.

Orange County, North Carolina
Orange County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 148,696. Its county seat is Hillsborough. Orange County is included in the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
RNF7
RING-box protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF7 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved ring finger protein. It is an essential subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases, which are a part of the protein degradation machinery important for cell cycle progression and signal transduction. This protein interacts with, and is a substrate of, casein kinase II (CSNK2A1/CKII). The phosphorylation of this protein by CSNK2A1 has been shown to promote the degradation of IkappaBalpha (CHUK/IKK-alpha/IKBKA) and p27Kip1(CDKN1B). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

CDKN1B
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) is an enzyme inhibitor that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1B gene. It encodes a protein which belongs to the Cip/Kip family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor proteins. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. It is often referred to as a cell cycle inhibitor protein because its major function is to stop or slow down the cell division cycle.
Chinese Taipei at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Taiwan competed as Chinese Taipei at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where it sent 80 competitors in a record 15 sports. Since 1984, athletes from Taiwan have competed at the Olympics as "Chinese Taipei", not as the "Republic of China (ROC)", due to opposition from the People's Republic of China.

According to the Taipei Times,

For the Beijing Olympics, Taiwan has asked the International Olympic Committee to guarantee that there will be no political interference and no discrimination against Taiwanese athletes. China has promised that it will treat Taiwanese players fairly and in line with the Olympic Charter.

As in previous editions of the Summer Olympics, the flag of the Republic of China was not displayed. Instead, the Chinese Taipei Olympic flag was waved by fans, and displayed when the team won a medal. The National Banner Song, not the National Anthem of the Republic of China, was played at the gold medal ceremony.

Rakuten Monkeys
The Rakuten Monkeys (Chinese: 樂天桃猿; pinyin: Lètiān Táoyuán; lit. 'Rakuten Taoyuan Monkeys'), formerly known as La New Bears (2004–2010) and Lamigo Monkeys (2011–2019), are a professional baseball team in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in Taiwan. Owned and administered by the Japanese technology conglomerate Rakuten, the Monkeys qualified for the playoffs in 2006 for the first time in team history, and by finishing with the best record in the entire season, gained an automatic berth for the Taiwan Series.
German submarine U-545
German submarine U-545 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft (yard) in Hamburg as yard number 366 on 1 August 1942, launched on 3 March 1943 and commissioned on 19 May with Kapitänleutnant Gert Mannesmann in command.

U-545 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 19 May 1943. She was reassigned to the 2nd flotilla for operations on 1 December.

She carried out one patrol and damaged one ship. She was a member of five wolfpacks.

She was scuttled on 10 February 1944 west of the Hebrides after an attack by Allied aircraft.

4th U-boat Flotilla
The 4th U-boat Flotilla (German 4. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in May 1941 in Stettin under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen. Nearly 300 boats received their basic training here. It was disbanded in May 1945.
Tropical spastic paraparesis
Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), is a medical condition that causes weakness, muscle spasms, and sensory disturbance by human T-lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis, weakness of the legs. As the name suggests, it is most common in tropical regions, including the Caribbean. Blood transfusion products are screened for human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies, as a preventive measure.

Spasm
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder.

A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. It is typically caused by ion imbalance or muscle fatigue.

There are other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, and some of these may cause a health problem.

A series of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism".
Siege of Kagoshima
31°35′48″N 130°33′26″E﻿ / ﻿31.59667°N 130.55722°E﻿ / 31.59667; 130.55722

The 1587 siege of Kagoshima took place during Japan's Sengoku period, and was the last stand of the Shimazu family against the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This was the final battle in Hideyoshi's campaign to take Kyūshū.

Following the Shimazu defeat at Sendaigawa, the Shimazu then retreated to their home castle of Kagoshima. Hideyoshi's forces numbering roughly 60,000, then made a landing, having set off from Akune. Under the leadership of Hashiba Hidenaga, Fukushima Masanori, Katō Kiyomasa, and Kuroda Yoshitaka, they then surrounded the city. The land-based divisions, which were not on the boats from Akune, had traversed the volcanic valleys defending the city with the help of local monks.  In the end, however, negotiation precluded any fighting.

Fukushima Masanori
Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則; 1561 – August 26, 1624) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period to early Edo period and served as the lord of the Hiroshima Domain. A retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he fought in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and soon became known as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake, alongside Katō Kiyomasa and others.