hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eliora Zholkovsky
Eliora Zholkovsky (Hebrew: אליאורה ז'ולקובסקי; born 5 March 1993) is an Israeli group rhythmic gymnast. She represents her nation at international competitions.

She participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She also competed at world championships, including at the 2010 and 2011 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

2011 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
The 2011 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships was held in Montpellier, France, from September 19–25, 2011 at the Arena Montpellier. Only the top 24 groups from the 2010 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were allowed to take part in the group competition this time. These championships were the first qualifying event for the 2012 Olympics which was held in London. In the group all-around competition, the top 6 teams qualified directly for the Group Competition at the 2012 Olympics, while teams placed 7th to 12th will get a second chance to qualify at the London test event in January 2012 for additional four spots. In Individual all-around, the top 15 gymnasts in the World Championships earned a place in the Olympic competition for their respective countries (subject to a maximum of two per country) with further 5 places to be decided at the test event (maximum one per country).
Proteuxoa tetronycha
Proteuxoa tetronycha is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic, and can be found throughout, New Zealand. This species was previously muddled up with the rarer Proteuxoa comma and is very similar in appearance to that other species. P. tetronycha can be distinguished from P. comma by the paler colour of its prothorax as well as the browner base colour of its forewings. P. tetronycha is also a smaller moth with the wingspan of the adults of this species being between 29 and 33 mm.  There are also differences between the females of these two species. For the females of P. tetronycha, their ovipositor (the tubular organ through which the female moth lays her eggs) is lacking the spiny hair like structures that are present on the ovipositor of P. comma. Larvae likely feed on a variety of host species and have been raised on Acaena species as well as Poa cita. The adults of this species are on the wing from September to March and are attracted to light.

Poa cita
Poa cita, commonly known as the silver tussock, or wī, which is also a Māori name, or by the Māori name pātītī, is a grass of the family Poaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Poa cita was described and named by Elizabeth Edgar in 1986, having previously being named Poa caespitosa.

It is found throughout most of New Zealand, from the Kermadec Islands to Stewart Island / Rakiura and out to the Chatham Islands, but not known from Raglan to Manawatū in the west of the North Island, except on Mount Taranaki.

It grows to 0.3–1.0 metres tall, and sometimes hangs as much as 2 metres long down steep banks. It has very fine, narrow leaves, usually 1–1.5 millimetres and up to 2.5 millimetres wide. Leaf width varies through the country, with narrow, needle-like leaves in the central North Island and relatively wide leaves in the northern North Island.
Stuart Turner (cricketer)
Stuart Turner (born 18 July 1943) is a former English cricketer. Turner was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chester, Cheshire.

Turner was a key player for Essex County Cricket Club during their emergence as a force in domestic cricket, towards the twilight of his career they won the County Championship four times in eight seasons. His accuracy, combined with his ability to swing the ball both ways saw him pick up 821 First-class wickets in a career that spanned over twenty years. He was also an adept batsman, capable of scoring centuries from the lower middle order.

After retirement from professional cricket, Turner took up coaching and taught at Forest School, Walthamstow until his retirement in 2011.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Poison ivy
Poison ivy is a type of allergenic plant in the genus Toxicodendron which is native to eastern part of Asia and North America. Formerly considered a single species, Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivies are now generally treated as a complex of three separate species: T. radicans, T. rydbergii, and T. orientale. They are variable in appearance and habit, and despite its common name, poison ivy is not an ivy (i.e., Hedera type), but rather a member of the cashew and pistachio family (Anacardiaceae).

Though T. radicans is commonly eaten by many animals and the seeds are consumed by birds, poison ivy is most often thought of as an unwelcome weed. It is well known for causing urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash, in most people who touch them. The rash is caused by urushiol, a clear liquid compound in the plant's sap. Despite the name of “poison” ivy, urushiol is not a true poison and is an allergen, to which 15% of people are resistant.

Hedera
Hedera, commonly called ivy (plural ivies), is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species are cultivated as climbing ornamentals, and the name ivy especially denotes common ivy (Hedera helix), known in North America as "English ivy", which is frequently planted to clothe brick walls.
2022 World Seniors Darts Championship
The 2022 World Seniors Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2022 JENNINGSbet World Seniors Darts Championship) was the first World Seniors Darts Championship organised by the World Seniors Darts Tour and was held at the Circus Tavern in Purfleet between 3 and 6 February 2022.

The event was open to players over the age of 50, and was a joint venture between MODUS Sports and Jason Francis, which organised Snooker Legends and World Seniors Championship of Snooker in 2017–18.

Target Darts were announced as one of the leading sponsors for the 2022 World Seniors Darts Championship. The World Seniors Darts Championship was broadcast in United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Austria and Switzerland.

Robert Thornton became the inaugural champion, defeating Martin Adams 5–1 in the final.

Robert Thornton (darts player)
Robert Thornton (born 17 July 1967) is a Scottish professional darts player who formerly competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. In the BDO he won the 2007 Winmau World Masters and 2008 Dutch Open. He switched to the PDC in 2008 and won 2 PDC major titles; the UK Open in 2012, and World Grand Prix in 2015. Additionally, Thornton won 11 titles on the PDC Pro Tour.

After losing his PDC Tour Card, Thornton won the World Seniors Darts (WSD) World Championship twice. He also won the 2022 World Seniors Matchplay.
Corporations Auxiliary Company
Corporations Auxiliary Company was an American corporation created to conduct "the administration of industrial espionage" in the United States.

Corporations Auxiliary Company masqueraded under a dozen different names. It specialized at electing its agents to union office in order to control or destroy unions; providing labor spies who could propagandize, sabotage, or act as goons in exchange for payment.

In 1921, the New York World reported that Corporations Auxiliary Company issued "a bi-weekly bulletin of labor Information gathered by undercover methods in every State in the country."

An investigation revealed that the Steel Corporation of Pennsylvania possessed worker blacklists, as well as reports from two labor detective agencies, including Corporations Auxiliary Company. In the period 1933 to 1936, Corporations Auxiliary Company had 499 corporate clients.

Blacklisting
Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority compiling a blacklist of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as being deemed unacceptable to those making the list; if people are on a blacklist, then they are considered to have done something wrong, or they are considered to be untrustworthy. As a verb, blacklist can mean to put an individual or entity on such a list. A blacklist is synonymous with a list of banned persons or organizations, and is the opposite of a whitelist.
Oreshnik (missile)
Oreshnik (Russian: Орешник, lit. 'Hazel shrub'), is a Russian intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) characterized by its reported speed exceeding Mach 10 (12,300 km/h; 7,610 mph; 3.40 km/s), according to the Ukrainian military. Oreshnik saw its first combat use on 21 November 2024, striking the Ukrainian city of Dnipro. The missile carries multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles, previously exclusively used by nuclear weapons, equipped with six warheads, each reportedly containing submunitions. These have been described as highly difficult to intercept, though modern ballistic missile interceptors are designed to counter this type of system. Deputy Pentagon Press Secretary Sabrina Singh has identified the Oreshnik as a variant of the RS-26 Rubezh IRBM.

Intermediate-range ballistic missile
An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range between 3,000 to 5,500 km (1,864 to 3,418 miles), categorized between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Classifying ballistic missiles by range is done mostly for convenience. In principle there is little difference between a high-performance IRBM and a low-performance ICBM, because decreasing payload mass can increase the range over the ICBM threshold. The range definition used here is used within the U.S. Missile Defense Agency.
Matheus de Castro
Dom Matheus de Castro (c. 1594–1679) was a native of Divar, Goa, Portuguese India. He was the first Indian Bishop of the Catholic Church. Consecrated Bishop of Chrysopolis in Rome by the Vatican and appointed Vicar Apostolic to the Kingdoms of Bijapur, Golconda, Abyssinia and Pegu.

Bago, Myanmar
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; Burmese: ပဲခူးမြို့, MLCTS: pai: khu: mrui., IPA: [bəɡó mjo̰]), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north-east of Yangon. The city had a population of 179,505 people in 2019 and was a historical capital of the Taungoo Dynasty and is known for its large pagodas.
T5 road (Tanzania)
The T5 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from Iringa in the Southern Highlands through Dodoma to Arusha. In the south the T5 connects with the T1 road to go towards Zambia and in the north, In Arusha the T5 connects intersects with the T2 road to connect the Kenyan border. This section of the highway forms the majority of the Cairo–Cape Town Highway. The roads as it is approximately 680 km (420 mi). The road is entirely paved.

Trunk road
A trunk road is a major highway with a specific legal classification in some jurisdictions, notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and formerly Ireland. Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are important routes usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports and other places, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are of motorway standard.

The term trunk road, or trunk highway, is sometimes used more generically to refer to other categories of major highway.
Mass marketing fraud
Mass-marketing fraud (or mass market fraud) is a scheme that uses mass-communication media – including telephones, the Internet, mass mailings, television, radio, and personal contact – to contact, solicit, and obtain money, funds, or other items of value from multiple victims in one or more jurisdictions. The frauds where victims part with their money by promising cash, prizes, and services and high returns on investment are part of mass market fraud.

Pyramid scheme
A pyramid scheme is a business model which, rather than earning money (or providing returns on investments) by sale of legitimate products to an end consumer, mainly earns money by recruiting new members with the promise of payments (or services). As the number of members multiplies, recruiting quickly becomes increasingly difficult until it is impossible, and therefore most of the newer recruits do not make a profit. As such, pyramid schemes are unsustainable. The unsustainable nature of pyramid schemes has led to most countries outlawing them as a form of fraud.

Pyramid schemes have existed since at least the mid-to-late 19th century in different guises. Some multi-level marketing plans have been classified as pyramid schemes.
The Simpsons season 11
The eleventh season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 26, 1999, and May 21, 2000. It started with "Beyond Blunderdome" and ended with "Behind the Laughter". With Mike Scully as the showrunner for the eleventh season, it has twenty-two episodes, including four hold-over episodes from the season 10 production line. Season 11 was released on DVD in Region 1 (North America), on October 7, 2008, with both a standard box and Krusty-molded plastic cover.

The season coincided with The Simpsons family being awarded their star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame, the season receiving itself an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program, an Annie Award, and a British Comedy Award. It also saw the departure of voice actress Maggie Roswell. The Simpsons ranked 41st in the season ratings with an average U.S. viewership of 8.8 million viewers, making it the second highest rated show on Fox after Malcolm in the Middle. It got an 18-49 Nielsen Rating of 8.2//13.

Showrunner
A showrunner is the top-level executive producer of a television series. The position outranks other creative and management personnel, including episode directors, in contrast to feature films, in which the director has creative control over the production, and the executive producer's role is limited to investing. In scripted comedy and drama TV shows, the showrunner also usually serves as the head writer (or its most prolific writer). The role of a showrunner is not present on all television series, especially outside the United States; this article describes the nature of the role where it is present.
Russell Hogg
Russell Hogg (7 January 1968 – 17 September 2012) was a Scottish badminton player. He reached a career high as world number 8 and has a number of titles to his name. Hogg competed at the 1994, 1998 and 2002 Commonwealth Games, and won a mixed team bronze in 2002.

Badminton at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
The badminton competition at the 1998 Commonwealth Games took place at the Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September until 21 September 1998. There were no bronze medal play off matches because both losing semi-finalists were awarded a bronze medal.
C-TRAN
C-TRAN or C-Tran refers to any of four different public transit systems in the United States:

C-TRAN (Georgia) in Clayton County, Georgia (Atlanta area)

C TRAN (New York) in Chemung County (Elmira)

C-TRAN (North Carolina) in Wake County, North Carolina (Research Triangle)

C-Tran (Washington) in Clark County, Washington (Vancouver)

Wake County, North Carolina
Wake County, officially the County of Wake, is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,129,410, making it North Carolina's most populous county. From July 2005 to July 2006, Wake County was the 9th-fastest growing county in the United States, with Cary and Raleigh being the 8th- and 15th-fastest growing communities, respectively.

Its county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. Eleven other municipalities are in Wake County, the largest of which is the town of Cary, the third-most populous city of the Research Triangle region and the seventh-most populous municipality in North Carolina.

It is governed by the Wake County Board of Commissioners, coterminous with the Wake County Public School System, with law enforcement provided by the Wake County Sheriff's Department. It is also part of the wider Triangle J Council of Governments, which governs regional planning.
Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug
59°56′25″N 30°22′45″E﻿ / ﻿59.94028°N 30.37917°E﻿ / 59.94028; 30.37917

Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг Смо́льнинское) is a municipal okrug of Tsentralny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population: 76,259 (2010 census); 90,337 (2002 census).

The okrug borders the Neva River in the north and in the east, Nevsky Avenue in the south, Chernyshevskogo Avenue and Vosstaniya Street in the west.

Places of interest include the Oktyabrsky Concert Hall, Smolny Institute, Smolny Convent, Suvorov Museum, and Tauride Palace.

In September 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Municipal Council sent a proposal to the State Duma calling for President Putin to be removed from office and tried for high treason. Two deputies were summoned to the local police, accused of "actions aimed at discrediting the Russian government".

Federal cities of Russia
In the Russian Federation, a city of federal importance (Russian: город федерального значения, romanized: gorod federalnogo znacheniya), also known as a federal city, is a city that has a status of both an inhabited locality and a constituent federal subject. Russia has three federal cities: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol, which was annexed in 2014 but remains internationally recognised as part of Ukraine.

Moscow and Saint Petersburg are the largest cities in the country: Moscow is the national capital and Saint Petersburg is a former Russian capital and an important port city by the Baltic Sea. Currently, Sevastopol houses the Sevastopol Naval Base, the main port of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
Underscore.js
Underscore.js is a JavaScript library which provides utility functions for common programming tasks. It is comparable to features provided by Prototype.js and the Ruby language, but opts for a functional programming design instead of extending object prototypes. The documentation refers to Underscore.js as "the tie to go along with jQuery's tux, and Backbone.js' suspenders." Underscore.js was created by Jeremy Ashkenas, who is also known for Backbone.js and CoffeeScript.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Aleksandrov–Rassias problem
The theory of isometries in the framework of Banach spaces has its beginning in a paper by Stanisław Mazur and Stanisław M. Ulam in 1932. They proved the Mazur–Ulam theorem stating that every isometry of a normed real linear space onto a normed real linear space is a linear mapping up to translation. In 1970, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov asked whether the existence of a single distance that is preserved by a mapping implies that it is an isometry, as it does for Euclidean spaces by the Beckman–Quarles theorem. Themistocles M. Rassias posed the following problem:

Aleksandrov–Rassias Problem. If X and Y are normed linear spaces and if T : X → Y is a continuous and/or surjective mapping such that whenever vectors x and y in X satisfy , then  (the distance one preserving property or DOPP), is T then necessarily an isometry?

There have been several attempts in the mathematical literature by a number of researchers for the solution to this problem.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Manumatavai Tupou-Roosen
Manumatavai Tupou-Roosen is the first woman to be appointed the Director General of the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, having taken up the role in 2018.  She replaced James Movick and was promoted to this position after serving as the head of the Agency's legal services department. She is currently the Acting Deputy Vice -Chancellor and Vice-president for Regional Campuses and Global Engagement at the University of the South Pacific

Tupou is a citizen of Tonga.  She earned her undergraduate degree and a Master of Law degree, in New Zealand, at the University of Auckland and the University of Canterbury.  Tupou was awarded a Commonwealth Scholarship, and used it to study Law at the University of Nottingham.  Tupou first visited the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency while working on her PhD, and decided that is where she should work.

James Movick
James Movick is a civil servant from the Federated States of Micronesia who served as the Director General of the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency from 2012 to 2018.

In 2016 the United States informed the Forum Fisheries Agency that it would not pay the $17 million share of the Agency's expenses.  In return the Agency declined to issue any fishing licenses to American fishing vessels.
Lapentti
Lapentti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nicolás Lapentti (born 1976), former Ecuadorian tennis player, older brother of Giovanni

Giovanni Lapentti (born 1983), former Ecuadorian tennis player, younger brother of Nicolás

Giovanni Lapentti
Giovanni Lapentti Gómez (Spanish pronunciation: [ɟʝoˈβani laˈpenti]; born 25 January 1983) is a retired Ecuadorian tennis player. His brother is Nicolás Lapentti, another professional tennis player, while a third brother, Leonardo, has also been active at the lower levels of professional tennis.