hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nachtigal Glacier
Nachtigal Glacier is a glacier 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) long flowing north from Mount Fagan toward Doris Bay, South Georgia. Charted by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations, 1882–83, who named the glacier after Dr. Gustav Nachtigal (1834–85), German physician and explorer of Africa.

International Polar Year
The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.
Double Mouth Nature Reserve
The Double Mouth Nature Reserve, part of the greater East London Coast Nature Reserve, is a coastal reserve in the Wild Coast region of the Eastern Cape. Alongside it are the Quko River mouth and the 50-metre high Morgan Bay Cliffs.

Wild Coast Region, Eastern Cape
The Wild Coast is a section of the coast of the Eastern Cape, a province of South Africa. The region stretches from East London in the south to the border of KwaZulu-Natal in the north. It is the traditional home of the Xhosa (Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondo, and Bomvana), and the birthplace of many prominent South Africans, including Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Zwelonke Sigcawu, Xolilizwe Sigcawu, Oliver Tambo and Thabo Mbeki.

The Wild Coast is crossed by the N2 National Road.
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (French: [lə deʒœne syʁ lɛʁb, -ʒøn-]; The Luncheon on the Grass) – originally titled Le Bain (The Bath) – is a large  oil on canvas  painting by  Édouard Manet  created in 1862 and 1863.

It depicts a nude woman and a scantily dressed bathing woman on a picnic with two fully dressed men in a rural setting. Rejected by the Salon jury of 1863, Manet seized the opportunity to exhibit this and two other paintings in the 1863 Salon des Refusés, where the painting sparked public notoriety and controversy. The work increased Manet's fame; in spite of this it failed to sell at its debut.

The work is in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. A smaller, earlier version can be seen at the Courtauld Gallery, London.

Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.
KKMY
KKMY (104.5 FM, "104.5 Kiss FM"), is a Rhythmic Top 40 formatted radio station in Orange, Texas. It serves the entire Golden Triangle (Beaumont, Port Arthur and Orange) and is owned by iHeartMedia.  Its studios are located southeast of the I-10/US 69 interchange in Beaumont, and its transmitter is located in Vidor, Texas.

Rhythmic contemporary
Rhythmic contemporary, also known as Rhythmic Top 20, Rhythmic Top 30, Rhythmic Top 40, Rhythmic CHR or rhythmic crossover, is a primarily American music-radio format that includes a mix of EDM, upbeat rhythmic pop, hip-hop and upbeat R&B hits. Rhythmic contemporary never uses hard rock or country in its airplay, but it may occasionally use a reggae, Latin, reggaeton, or an urban contemporary gospel hit. Essentially, the format is a cross between the mainstream radio and urban contemporary radio formats.
Badia (surname)
Badia or Badía is the surname of:

Antoni Maria Badia i Margarit (1920–2014), Spanish/Catalan linguist and philologist

Carlo Agostino Badia (1672–1738), Italian court composer

Conchita Badía, stage name of Spanish soprano and pianist Concepció Badia Millàs (1897–1975)

Domingo Badía y Leblich (1767–1818), Spanish traveller better known as Ali Bey el Abbassi

Edgar Badia (born 1998), Spanish footballer

Francesc Badia Batalla (1923–2020), Andorran public servant, judge and historian

Gerard Badía (born 1989), Spanish footballer

José Badia (born 1945), Monegasque politician

Lola Badia (born 1951), Spanish philologist, medievalist

Maria Badia i Cutchet (born 1947), Spanish politician

Miquel Badia (1906–1936), radical Catalan separatist

Pedro Franco Badía (1935–2016), Secretary of Interior and Police of the Dominican Republic

Pedro Llosas Badía (1870–1955), Spanish politician

Rosa Badia (born 1966), Spanish computer scientist

Tommaso Badia (1483–1547), Italian cardinal

Pedro Llosas Badía
Pedro Llosas y Badía (Catalan: Pere Llosas i Badia) (1870–1955) was a Spanish right-wing politician. Active in Catalonia, he was first associated with the Carlists and then with the Primo de Rivera regime. He was the longest-serving Carlist deputy from Catalonia during the Restauración but is known mostly as the civil governor of provinces of the Baleares (1921–1922, 1926–1930) and La Coruña (1925–1926).
Blanuša snarks
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Blanuša snarks are two 3-regular graphs with 18 vertices and 27 edges. They were discovered by Yugoslavian mathematician Danilo Blanuša in 1946 and are named after him. When discovered, only one snark was known—the Petersen graph.

As snarks, the Blanuša snarks are connected, bridgeless cubic graphs with chromatic index equal to 4. Both of them have chromatic number 3, diameter 4 and girth 5. They are non-hamiltonian but are hypohamiltonian. Both have book thickness 3 and queue number 2.
Both graphs are 1-planar.

Hypohamiltonian graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a graph G is said to be hypohamiltonian if G itself does not have a Hamiltonian cycle but every graph formed by removing a single vertex from G is Hamiltonian.
Alberto Giorgetti
Alberto Giorgetti (born 8 September 1967 in Verona) is an Italian politician.

A former member of the Italian Social Movement, he joined National Alliance in 1995. Four times elected to the Chamber of Deputies (1996, 2001, 2006 and 2008), he has been regional leader of the National Alliance since 2001. He has been Under-Secretary of Economy and Finances in Berlusconi IV Cabinet since May 2008.

He is the younger brother of Massimo Giorgetti who is regional minister since 1995.

His run at the Chamber of Deputies ended in 2018.

Government of Veneto
The Regional Government of Veneto (Giunta Regionale del Veneto) is the executive of Veneto, one of the twenty regions of Italy. The Regional Government, which has its seat at Palazzo Balbi on the Grand Canal, is led by the President of Veneto, who is elected for a five-year term, and composed of the President and ten Ministers (Assessori), including a Vice President.
Dan Naturman
Dan Naturman (born October 20, 1969) is an American stand-up comedian, who has made numerous appearances on television. His performing style of grouchiness and self-deprecation accompanies his comic content about modern topics such as Internet dating and terrorism. He has appeared on the television series Last Comic Standing and America's Got Talent.

Comedy Central Presents
Comedy Central Presents is an American stand-up comedy television series created for Comedy Central. It is the network's main half-hour program which highlights either one or a series of stand-up comedians each episode. In 2011, the series ended and Comedy Central replaced it with the revamped The Half Hour, now called Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents, a series of 30-minute stand-up specials.
Stigmella varii
Stigmella varii is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Scoble in 1978. It is found in South Africa (it was described from the Brits District Hartebeespoortdam in Transvaal).

The larvae feed on Croton gratissimus. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Croton gratissimus
Croton gratissimus (commonly known as lavender croton or lavender fever berry), is a tropical African shrub or small tree with corky bark, growing to 8 m and belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae or spurges. Young twigs are slender and angular and covered in silver and rust-coloured scales.

The species occurs in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and the northern parts of South Africa. It is often found in rocky terrain.
Cristian Neamțu
Cristian Neamțu (22 August 1980 – 20 February 2002) was a Romanian football player.

Neamțu was the reserve goalkeeper of the Romanian First Division club FCU Craiova and was considered one of the country's most promising young keepers.

The goalkeeper was pronounced dead after suffering a massive brain bleeding during a training session in Cyprus. Universitatea had been training in Larnaca, Cyprus, ahead of the restart of the Romanian league schedule.

Neamțu had been on a life-support machine at a Nicosia hospital after clashing violently with team-mate Marius Șuleap as he rushed out of his goal to clear from the midfielder. Șuleap's knee accidentally struck the keeper's head, knocking him out.    He played first for Universitatea Craiova from 1998 until 2000, later for Electroputere Craiova from 2000 until 2001, next at Rocar București from 2001 until 2002 and in the final he returned to Universitatea Craiova in 2002.

Larnaca
Larnaca, also spelled Larnaka, is a city on the southeast coast of Cyprus and the capital of the Larnaca District. With a district population of 155,000 in 2021, it is the third largest city in the country after Nicosia and Limassol.

Built on the ruins of Kition, an Ancient Greek city-state and the birthplace of Stoic philosopher Zeno of Citium, Larnaca is home to the Church of Saint Lazarus, Hala Sultan Tekke, the Kamares Aqueduct, Larnaca Castle, Larnaca District Archaeological Museum, and Pierides Museum. It attracts many visitors to its beaches, as well as to Finikoudes (Φοινικούδες; Greek for "palm trees"), the city's signature seafront promenade lined with palm trees. It gives its name to the country's primary airport, Larnaca International Airport, which is situated in the neighbouring village of Dromolaxia rather than Larnaca proper. It also has a seaport and a marina.
It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook
It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart, and his 20th album overall. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series.

The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye".

A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material.

J Records
J Records was an American record label owned and operated by Bertelsmann Music Group until it was transferred to Sony Music Entertainment when they acquired all of BMG's record labels in late 2008 at the end of their merger. It was distributed through the RCA Music Group. The label was founded in 2000 by Clive Davis and was dissolved into RCA Records in 2011.
Billy Tidwell
Billy Reyne Tidwell (August 3, 1930 – December 19, 1990) was an American professional football player and coach.  Tidwell was drafted in the third round of the 1952 NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers. He served as the head football coach at Sam Houston State University from 1974 to 1977, compiling a record of 11–30–1.

1952 NFL draft
The 1952 NFL draft was held on January 17, 1952, at Hotel Statler in New York. Selections made by New York Yanks were assigned to the new Dallas Texans.

This was the sixth year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery, with the previous five winners (Chicago Bears in 1947, Washington Redskins in 1948, Philadelphia Eagles in 1949, Detroit Lions in 1950, and New York Giants in 1951) ineligible from the draw; it was won by the Los Angeles Rams, who selected quarterback Bill Wade.

The Washington Post sportswriter Mo Siegel later claimed that Washington Redskins owner George Preston Marshall let him choose a late-round pick. Siegel, he said, chose Tennessee Tech's Flavious Smith to force the first black player onto the all-white Redskins. If true, Marshall likely persuaded NFL Commissioner Bert Bell to remove the choice from the official records. (Smith, who did not hear the story until years later, was white.)
Miller Children's Hospital
Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach is a non-profit children's hospital located on the campus of Long Beach Memorial Medical Center in Long Beach, California. Miller Children's and Women's provides specialized pediatric care for infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21. The hospital also houses MemorialCare's women's services, providing maternity care to women across Southern California. The hospital has 357 beds.

Children's hospital
A children's hospital (CH) is a hospital that offers its services exclusively to infants, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth up to until age 18, and through age 21 and older in the United States. In certain special cases, they may also treat adults. The number of children's hospitals proliferated in the 20th century, as pediatric medical and surgical specialties separated from internal medicine and adult surgical specialties.
Thiomersal
Thiomersal (INN), or thimerosal (USAN, JAN), also sold under the name merthiolate, is an organomercury compound. It is a well-established antiseptic and antifungal agent.

It has been used as a preservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks. Despite the scientific consensus that fears about its safety are unsubstantiated, its use as a vaccine preservative has been exploited by anti-vaccination groups.

Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
Santa Barbara Museum of Art
The Santa Barbara Museum of Art (SBMA) is an art museum located in downtown Santa Barbara, California, United States.

Founded in 1941, it is home to both permanent and special collections, the former of which includes Asian, American, and European art that spans 4,000 years from ancient to modern.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Mayor of Hollywood
The mayor of Hollywood was an honorary position in Hollywood appointed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. The office primarily served as the master of ceremonies of the award ceremonies for new plaques on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which is administered by the Chamber, along with other community events.

Hollywood Chamber of Commerce
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce is a chamber of commerce located in Hollywood, Los Angeles. As a local chamber, the organization promotes business interests in its area, but it is best known for holding the trademarks and licensing rights for two of Los Angeles's most famous landmarks: the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Hollywood Sign.
Eddie Boyle (Gaelic footballer)
Eddie Boyle (1915 - December 2000) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a full-back for the Louth senior team.

Born in Greenore, County Louth, Boyle first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Louth minor team before later joining the junior side. He later made his senior championship debut. Boyle enjoyed a lengthy career and won two Leinster medals.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Boyle won five Railway Cup medals. At club level he was a two-time championship medallist with Cooley Kickhams.

In retirement from playing, Boyle was chosen at full-back on a special Team of the Century made up of players who never won an All-Ireland medal.

In 1990 the then Taoiseach, Charles J. Haughey, presented Boyle with the All-Time All Star Award at a ceremony in Dublin in recognition of his achievements.

Boyle was posthumously selected on the Louth Football Team of the Millennium in 2000.

Louth Senior Football Championship
The Louth Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised by Louth GAA among the top Gaelic football clubs in County Louth, Ireland. The winning club qualifies to represent the county in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.
Cyana perornata
Cyana perornata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in India (Sikkim, Assam) and Sundaland. The habitat consists of lowland forests, extending more weakly into lower montane forests.

Sundaland
Sundaland (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. It includes Bali, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra in Indonesia, and their surrounding small islands, as well as the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia.
Epioblasma walkeri
Epioblasma walkeri, common name the tan riffleshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

Many scientists now recognize this mussel as synonymous or a subspecies of the presumed extinct Epioblasma florentina due to integrating shell characteristics between them.

At the time of its listing in 1977 under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, its range was limited to the lower Red River (Cumberland system), the middle fork of the Holston River, a possible population in the Stones River, the Duck River, where its population was threatened by a proposed Tennessee Valley Authority dam, and the Clinch River.  The population in Indian Creek in the upper Clinch River basin was proposed as a separate subspecies by Jones, Neves, Ahlstedt and Hallerman in 2006.

It is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Stones River
The Stones River (properly spelled Stone's River) is a major stream of the eastern portion of Tennessee's Nashville Basin region and a tributary of the Cumberland River.  It is named after explorer and longhunter Uriah Stone, who navigated the river in 1767.
Putian cuisine
Putian cuisine, also known as Henghwa cuisine or Henghua cuisine, is a style of Chinese cuisine originating from the Putian people of Putian, Fujian Province.  It is a style of Fujian cuisine.

Since Putian is a coastal area, ingredients such as seaweed, oysters, clams and other seafood are commonly used in Putian cuisine.

Putian cuisine is also eaten by the Chinese diaspora in South-East Asia.  The eponymous "Putien" restaurant in Singapore, originally a simple kopitiam, won a Michelin star in 2016 and has since franchised itself into an international chain.

Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people or the Chinese diaspora are a diaspora people of Chinese origin who reside outside Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese. As of 2023, there were 10.5 million people living outside mainland China who were born in mainland China, corresponding to 0.7 percent of China's population. Overall, China has a low percent of its population living overseas.
Punniya Boomi
Punniya Boomi (transl. Sacred land) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by K. Vijayan and written by Sakthi T. K. Krishnasamy. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and Vanisri, with Sangeeta, Bhavani, M. N. Nambiar and V. K. Ramasamy in supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1957 Hindi film Mother India, which was previously remade in Telugu in 1971 as Bangaru Thalli. The film was released on 12 May 1978.

V. K. Ramasamy (actor)
Virudhunagar Kanthan Ramasamy (1 January 1926 – 24 December 2002)  better known as VKR was an Indian actor, comedian and film producer who was known for his versatility in various character roles, he played in Tamil films from 1947 to 2001.
Jefferson Davis State Historic Site
The Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site is a Kentucky state park commemorating the birthplace of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America, in Fairview, Kentucky. The site's focal point is a 351-foot (107.0 m) concrete obelisk. In 1973, it was believed to be the fourth-tallest monument in the United States and the tallest concrete-cast one.

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.