hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Self-enquiry (Ramana Maharshi)
Self-enquiry, also spelled self-inquiry (Sanskrit vichara, also called jnana-vichara or ātma-vichār), is the constant attention to the inner awareness of "I" or "I am" recommended by Ramana Maharshi as the most efficient and direct way of discovering the unreality of the "I"-thought.

Ramana Maharshi taught that the "I"-thought will disappear and only "I-I" or self-awareness remains. This results in an "effortless awareness of being", and by staying with it this "I-I" gradually destroys the vasanas "which cause the 'I'-thought to rise," and finally the 'I'-thought never rises again, which is Self-realization or liberation.

Vāsanā
Vāsanā (Sanskrit: वासना) is a behavioural tendency or karmic imprint which influences the present behaviour of a person. It is a technical term in Indian philosophy, particularly Yoga, Buddhist philosophy, and Advaita Vedanta.
Cesvaine Palace
Cesvaine Palace (Latvian: Cesvaines pils; German: Schloss Seßwegen) is located in the town of Cesvaine in Madona Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. Next to the palace lies the remains of the old bishop's castle.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Char Bhadrasan massacre
Char Bhadrasan massacre (Bengali: চরভদ্রাসন গণহত্যা) refers to the massacre of around 60 unarmed Bengali Hindu residents in Char Bhadrasan in Faridpur district of East Pakistan by the Pakistani occupation army and the Razakars in the middle of May 1971. Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami led a team of Razakars and Pakistani army to the Hindu-dominated villages of Baidyadangi, Majhidangi and Baladangi where they massacred 50–60 unarmed Bengali Hindus. The attackers set fire to 300–350 Hindu households forcing them to flee the country.

Al-Badr (East Pakistan)
The Al-Badr (Bengali: আল-বদর, romanised: āl-badara; Urdu: البدر, romanised: al-badar, lit. 'The Full moon') was an East Pakistani militia composed mainly of pro-Pakistan militants (mostly Muslim Biharis and Muhajirs), which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement during the Bangladesh War of Independence, under the patronage of the Government of Pakistan.
Sketchpad
Sketchpad (a.k.a. Robot Draftsman) is a computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis, for which he received the Turing Award in 1988, and the Kyoto Prize in 2012. It pioneered human–computer interaction (HCI), and is considered the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs and as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general. For example, Sketchpad inspired the graphical user interface (GUI) and object-oriented programming. Using the program, Sutherland showed that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes and for demonstrating a novel method of human–computer interaction.

Kyoto Prize
The Kyoto Prize (京都賞, Kyōto-shō) is Japan's highest private award for lifetime achievement in the arts and sciences. It is given not only to those who are top representatives of their own respective fields, but to "those who have contributed significantly to the scientific, cultural, and spiritual betterment of mankind". The Kyoto Prize was established in 1984, and the laureates have been annually awarded since 1985. It is regarded by many as Japan's version of the Nobel Prize, representing one of the most prestigious awards available in fields that are not traditionally honored with a Nobel.

The prizes are endowed with 100 million yen per category and have been awarded annually since 1985 by the Inamori Foundation, founded by Kazuo Inamori. The laureates are announced each June; the prize presentation ceremony and related events are held in Kyoto, Japan, each November.
Yehia El-Deraa
Yehia Mohamed Yehia El-Deraa (Arabic: يحيى محمد يحيى الدرع; also spelled Elderaa, born 17 July 1995) is an Egyptian handball player for ONE Veszprém and the Egyptian national team.

He represented Egypt at the World Men's Handball Championship in 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and in the 2016 Summer Olympics, 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.

Egypt men's national handball team
The Egyptian national handball team is the national handball team of Egypt, which represents Egypt in international matches. It is supervised by the Egyptian Handball Federation. Egypt was the first non-European team to reach the semifinals of the World Championships, and the first African team to reach the semifinals in the Olympic tournament. Egypt national team has now the record of the most African Championships tied with Tunisia.

Egypt men handball team is widely regarded as the finest handball team in Africa.
Don Cockell
Donald John Cockell (22 September 1928 – 18 July 1983) was an English boxer who competed from 1946 to 1956. One of the most well known boxers from the UK during the era, Cockell held the British and European light heavyweight titles, and later moved up in weight to become the British and Commonwealth heavyweight champion. He is best remembered for fighting against Rocky Marciano for the world heavyweight championship.

Over the course of Cockell's career he defeated a number of the top heavyweights of the time, including Roland La Starza, Harry Matthews (three times), Tommy Farr, Freddie Beshore, Johnny Arthur, Johnny Williams and Uber Bacilieri. In his earlier incarnation as a Light Heavyweight he defeated top contenders such as Nick Barone, Albert Yvel, Lloyd Marshall and Albert Finch, holding regional titles in both weight incarnations.

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
Primetals Technologies
Primetals Technologies Limited is an engineering and plant construction company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, with numerous locations worldwide. It serves clients in the metals industry, both the ferrous and the nonferrous metals sector.  It was established as a joint venture between Siemens VAI Metals Technologies and Mitsubishi-Hitachi Metals Machinery in 2015. As of 2020, Primetals Technologies is a joint venture of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and partners.

Blytheville, Arkansas
Blytheville is one of two county seats of and the largest city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. It is approximately 60 miles (100 km) north of West Memphis. The population was 13,406 at the 2020 census, down from 15,620 in 2010.
Jo Maso
Jo Maso (born 27 December 1944) is a French former rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played centre and fly-half for the France national rugby union team, gaining 25 caps. He was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 2003. He is now the manager for the France national team.

Maso was born in Toulouse, France. Maso started his rugby career as a professional rugby league footballer for XIII Catalan, being the son of the French rugby league internationalist Jep Maso. However, he switched to union. He played club rugby for Narbonne, Toulonnais and Perpignan. He debuted for France against Italy in Naples in 1966. He also toured Australia, New Zealand and South Africa with the national side, and played three times for the Barbarians.

RC Narbonne
Racing Club de Narbonne Méditerannée (also known as RCNM) is a French rugby union club that play in the third-level Nationale.

They are based in Narbonne in the Aude département of Occitania. They were founded in 1907. They play at Parc des Sports Et de l'Amitié (capacity 12,000). They wear orange and black.
Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite. While the term outside of the scientific literature is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a loss of appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk.

Anorexia in this usage is a symptom, not a diagnosis.

The symptom also occurs in non-human animals, such as cats, dogs, cattle, goats, and sheep. In these species, anorexia may be referred to as inappetence. As in humans, loss of appetite can be due to a range of diseases and conditions, as well as environmental and psychological factors.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Focused ion beam
Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials. A FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, while the SEM uses a focused beam of electrons to image the sample in the chamber, a FIB setup uses a focused beam of ions instead. FIB can also be incorporated in a system with both electron and ion beam columns, allowing the same feature to be investigated using either of the beams. FIB should not be confused with using a beam of focused ions for direct write lithography (such as in proton beam writing). These are generally quite different systems where the material is modified by other mechanisms.

Ablation
Ablation (Latin: ablatio – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping,  erosive processes, or by other means. Examples of ablation as it is relevant to various industries are described below, including spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials.
Hearts of England
"Hearts of England" is the title of England team anthem for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. The song was performed by Jonathan Ansell and produced by Universal Music in partnership with the Rugby Football League.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Dostoevsky Museum
59°55′38″N 30°21′03″E﻿ / ﻿59.92722°N 30.35083°E﻿ / 59.92722; 30.35083

The F. M. Dostoyevsky Literary Memorial Museum (Государственный Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф. М. Достоевского), located on Kuznechny Lane 5/2 in Saint Petersburg, was opened on November 12, 1971 in the former apartment of the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky.

Dostoyevsky lived in the apartment twice during his life: first for a short period in 1846 in the beginnings of his career, and later from October 1878 until his death in January 1881. The apartment was his home during the composition of some of his most notable works, including The Double: A Petersburg Poem (1846) and The Brothers Karamazov (1879–1880). The apartment has been reconstructed based on the memoirs of the writer's second wife, Anna Dostoyevskaya, and his friends.

The Double (Dostoevsky novel)
The Double: A Petersburg Poem (Russian: Двойник. Петербургская поэма, romanized: Dvoynik. Peterburgskaya poema) is the second novel written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was first published on 30 January 1846 in the Otechestvennye zapiski. It was subsequently revised and republished by Dostoevsky in 1866.
Mucigel
Mucigel is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants. It is a highly hydrated polysaccharide, most likely a pectin, which is secreted from the outermost (epidermal) cells of the rootcap. Mucigel is formed in the Golgi bodies of such cells, and is secreted through the process of exocytosis. The layer of microorganism-rich soil surrounding the mucigel is called the rhizosphere.

Mucigel serves several functions, including:

Protection of rootcap; prevents desiccation

Lubrication of rootcap; allows root to more efficiently penetrate the soil

Creation of symbiotic environment for nitrogen fixing bacteria (i.e. diazotrophs) and fungi (which help with water absorption)

Provision of a 'diffusion bridge' between the fine root system and soil particles, which allows for a more efficient uptake of water and mineral nutrients by roots in dry soils.

Mucigel is composed of mucilage, microbial exopolysaccharides and glomalin proteins.

Glomalin
Glomalin is a hypothetical glycoprotein produced abundantly on hyphae and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil and in roots.  Glomalin was proposed in 1996 by Sara F. Wright, a scientist at the USDA Agricultural Research Service, but it was not isolated and described yet.  The name comes from Glomerales, an order of fungi. Most AM fungi are of the division Glomeromycota. An elusive substance, it is mostly assumed to have a glue-like effect on soil, but it has not been isolated yet.
Reeta Chakrabarti
Reeta Chakrabarti (born 12 December 1964) is a British journalist, newsreader and correspondent for BBC News. She is known for presenting BBC News at One, BBC News at Six, BBC News at Ten and BBC Weekend News, and presenting regularly on the BBC News Channel and occasionally BBC World News.

Chakrabarti has also reported extensively in the UK and abroad for BBC News.

BBC Weekend News
BBC Weekend News is the BBC's national news programme on BBC One at the weekend and bank holidays, although it is often referred to on guides simply as BBC News. It is called BBC Weekend News on all bulletins and carries generic BBC News bulletin titles, apart from the late bulletin on Sunday where it is named BBC News at Ten, only if starting at 10pm exactly, and carries the BBC News at Ten titles. The lunchtime bulletin can also be referred to as BBC News at One, only if starting at 1pm exactly or BBC News at Six if starting at 6pm exactly, abite without branding.
Manefer
Manefer (fl. c. 2400 BC) was a member of the Ancient Egyptian court at the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th Dynasty. From his tomb several titles are known, including director of the royal hairdressers and director of the outdiffers of the king ,. He was therefore closely connected to private matters of the king. He was also funerary priest at the pyramid of king Djedkare Isesi and lived therefore under this king or later.

The mastaba of Manefer was known early on but was only fully recorded by the expedition of Karl Lepsius. Its relief decorated cult chapel was brought to the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The cult chapel is decorated with a false door showing Manefer. It's inscriptions list his titles. The other walls of the chamber show rows of servants bringing offerings to Manefer.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.
Prayssas
Prayssas (French pronunciation: [pʁɛsas]; Occitan: Preishàs) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.

Prayssas and the surrounding area is home to a significant British and international expat community, which counts among its members the composer Patrick Doyle and the television presenter Nick Hewer. The French Athlete Gabriel Tual also originates from Prayssas.

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
139th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 139th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army with two unrelated incarnations. The first 139th Infantry Regiment was formed during World War I from Missouri and Kansas National Guard troops and fought as part of the 35th Infantry Division.

The second 139th Infantry Regiment briefly existed from 1954 to 1959 with the 30th Infantry Division in the North Carolina Army National Guard.

30th Infantry Division (United States)
The 30th Infantry Division was a United States Army unit of the National Guard that served in World War I and World War II. It was nicknamed the "Old Hickory" division, in honor of President Andrew Jackson. The Germans nicknamed this division "Roosevelt's SS". The 30th Infantry Division, involved in 282 days of intense combat over a period from June 1944 through April 1945, was regarded by a team of historians led by S.L.A. Marshall as the American infantry division that had "performed the most efficient and consistent battle services" in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). In the present day, the division's lineage continues as 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team, part of the North Carolina National Guard. The unit's most recent combat deployment was in 2019.
2012 Milton Keynes Council election
The 2012 Milton Keynes Council election took place on Thursday 3 May 2012 to elect members of Milton Keynes Unitary Council in Buckinghamshire, England. One third of the council – the 17 seats contested in the 2008 election – was up for election and the council, which totals 51 seats, was under no overall control in advance of and after the vote. 7 of the Conservative Party's 21 seats were up for election, 4 of the Liberal Democrats's 17, 2 of the Labour's 9 and all 4 Independents.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 20 (–1)

Labour 16 (+7)

Liberal Democrat 15 (–2)

Others 0 (–4)

One Liberal Democrat had become independent between the 2011 and 2012 elections.

City of Milton Keynes
The City of Milton Keynes is a borough in Buckinghamshire, England. The borough was created in 1974 and is named after its main settlement, Milton Keynes, which had been designated as a new town seven years earlier in 1967. It is the northernmost district of the South East England Region. The borough abuts Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire and the remainder of Buckinghamshire. The borough was awarded city status in 2022. It is administered by Milton Keynes City Council, which has been a unitary authority since 1997.

The principal built-up area in the borough is the Milton Keynes urban area, which accounts for about 20% of its area and 90% of its population. The borough also includes many rural areas surrounding the Milton Keynes urban area, especially to the north, containing several villages and the town of Olney. At the 2021 census, the population of the borough was just over 287,000.
Nicolaus Tideman
Thorwald Nicolaus Tideman (/ˈtiːdɪmən/, not /ˈtaɪdmən/; born August 11, 1943, in Chicago, Illinois) is a Georgist economist and professor at Virginia Tech. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics and mathematics from Reed College in 1965 and his PhD in economics from the University of Chicago in 1969. Tideman was an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University from 1969 to 1973, during which time from 1970 to 1971 he was a Senior Staff Economist for the President's Council of Economic Advisors. Since 1973, he has been at Virginia Tech, with various visiting positions at Harvard Kennedy School (1979–1980), University of Buckingham (1985–1986), and the American Institute for Economic Research (1999–2000).

Reed College
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center. Reed alumni include 123 Fulbright Scholars, 73 Watson Fellows, and three Churchill Scholars.
Mina Radhakrishnan
Mina Radhakrishnan is an entrepreneur and product manager. She is currently a co-founder of :Different. She was previously an entrepreneur in residence at Redpoint Ventures, a special adviser to Cowboy Ventures and worked at Uber as their first product manager, sharing the patent for Uber's surge pricing verification system.

Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 202 million monthly active users and 10 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 42 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 72 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 29.9% for mobility services and 19.2% for food delivery.

The company is also in the process of developing robotaxi services in partnership with Lucid Motors, Nuro, and Baidu.