hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
The Maximalist Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano Massimalista) or PSIm, was the residual part of the Italian Socialist Party in exile following the split that occurred during the first phases of the Socialist Convention of Grenoble, held on 16 March 1930, by Pietro Nenni and the fusionist fraction.

Ugo Coccia
Ugo Coccia (11 August 1895 – 23 December 1932) was an Italian socialist journalist and politician who served as the secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) for two terms from 1926 to 1928 and from 1930 to 1932. He died in exile in Hyères, France.
Museum of Flying
The Museum of Flying is a private non-profit aerospace museum in Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1974, closed in 2002, and reopened in 2012 in a new facility. The Museum exhibits the history of aviation, focusing on aviation history, with an emphasis on Donald Douglas and the Douglas Aircraft Company, in Southern California.

Aviation museum
An aviation museum, air museum, or air and space museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of aviation. In addition to actual, replica or accurate reproduction aircraft, exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by aviators.
St Martin's Church, Seamer, Hambleton
St Martin's Church is the parish church of Seamer, a village near Stokesley in North Yorkshire, in England.

There was a Mediaeval church in Seamer, but it was entirely rebuilt in 1822, in a neo-Gothic style, with only some masonry in the north wall and one window surviving from the original building.  The building was grade II listed in 1966.

The church is built of limestone and has a roof of Lakeland slate. It consists of a nave, a chancel and  a slim west tower. The tower has two stages, single bell openings with hood moulds, and an embattled parapet. Along the body of the church are buttresses, paired lancet windows with hood moulds, and the east window has three lights and a pointed head. Inside, there is a font supported by a pillar claimed to have been looted from a church in Alexandria after the Battle of the Nile in 1798.  There is also a marble tablet in memory of Stephen Attlay, who died in 1786.

Stokesley
Stokesley is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It lies within the historic county boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire, on the River Leven. An electoral ward of the same name stretches south to Great Broughton and had a population at the 2021 Census of 6,180.

Stokesley is about two miles south of the Middlesbrough borough boundary and eight miles south of Middlesbrough town centre. Stokesley is between Middlesbrough, Guisborough, and Northallerton, in a farming area. Local attractions nearby include Great Ayton, Captain Cook's monument, and Roseberry Topping in the North York Moors National Park. From 1894 to 1974, the town was one of the North Riding of Yorkshire's rural district head towns.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Cullen (surname)
Cullen is an Irish surname. It is an Anglicised form of Gaelic Ó Cuileáin "descendant of Cuileán", a name meaning "wolfhound whelp", "young hound". It is also considered by some to mean the "handsome one". The Uí Cuileáin of County Tyrone were erenaghs of Clogher. According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Cullanes were one of the chiefly families of the Uí Fidgenti who were a tribe of the Erainn who were the second wave of Celts to settle in Ireland between about 500 and 100 BC.

Cullen is also found as a surname in Scotland and England; an example being the Cullen baronets.

Cullen baronets
The Cullen Baronetcy, of East Sheen, was created in the Baronetage of England on 17 June 1661 for Abraham Cullen, Member of Parliament for Evesham 1661–1668.

His second son, the third baronet, Sir Rushout Cullen, Member of Parliament for Cambridge bought the manor in the hamlet of Upton, Warwickshire along with woodland, cultivated fields and pasture.  He replaced its manor house with a surviving National Trust property, Upton House (1688–1695) and the baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1730.
William Fennor
William Fennor (fl. 1617), also known as Wilhelmus Vener, was an English bilingual English/Dutch poet and rogue of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods.

He was the author of The Compter’s Commonwealth (1617). This work was written from his experience of imprisonment at London's Wood Street compter.

He had been an actor at the Swan theatre, where he performed in England's Joy. In 1615 at Theobalds he recited a poem for the king about the differences between Oxford and Cambridge Universities. In 1616 he recited a poem on the Order of the Garter to the court of King James. He appeared in Ben Jonson's Masque of Augurs in 1621. He engaged in a literary dispute with John Taylor the Water Poet.

The Swan (theatre)
The Swan was a theatre in Southwark, London, England, built in 1595 on top of a previously standing structure, during the first half of William Shakespeare's career. It was the fifth in the series of large public playhouses of London, after James Burbage's The Theatre (1576) and Curtain (1577), the Newington Butts Theatre (between 1575 and 1577) and Philip Henslowe's Rose (1587–88).

The Swan Theatre was located in the manor of Paris Gardens, on the west end of the Bankside district of Southwark, across the Thames River from the City of London. It was at the northeast corner of the Paris Garden estate nearest to London Bridge that Francis Langley had purchased in May 1589 at a distance of four hundred and twenty-six feet from the river's edge.  Playgoers could arrive also by water landing at the Paris Garden Stairs or the Falcon Stairs, both short walking distances from the theatre.
Steven Croft (bishop)
Steven John Lindsey Croft (born 29 May 1957) is a British bishop in the Church of England and a theologian specialising in mission. He has been Bishop of Oxford since the confirmation of his election on 6 July 2016. He was the Bishop of Sheffield from 2008 to 2016; previously he was Archbishops' Missioner and Team Leader of Fresh Expressions, a joint Church of England and Methodist initiative. He falls within the open evangelical tradition of Anglicanism.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
S. N. Lakshmi
Sennalkudi Narayana Lakshmi (1927 – 20 February 2012) was an Indian actress, who appeared in supporting roles, often playing roles of a mother or grandmother in films. A recipient of the state government's Kalaimamani and Kalaiselvam awards, Lakshmi acted in more than 1,500 films and 6,000 dramas.

N. S. Krishnan
Nagercoil Sudalaimuthu Krishnan, popularly known as Kalaivanar (lit. 'Lover of arts') and also as NSK, was an Indian actor, comedian, playback singer and screenwriter in the early stages of the Tamil film industry – in the 1940s and 1950s. He is considered as the "Charlie Chaplin of India."

Born into a Vellalar family in Ozhuginasery, Nagercoil, in the princely state of Travancore, India on 29 November 1908, his stage and cine-screen comedy performances were unique and always carried a message for the people. "Kalaivanar" N. S. Krishnan died at the age of 48, on 30 August 1957.
Matthew Denn
Matthew P. Denn (born February 9, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician from New Castle County, Delaware. He served as the 45th attorney general of Delaware from 2015 until 2019. Denn previously served as the 25th lieutenant governor of Delaware from 2009 to 2015, and was the Insurance Commissioner of Delaware from 2005 to 2009. After leaving public office, Denn joined the global law firm DLA Piper as Managing Partner of the firm's Wilmington office.

DLA Piper
DLA Piper is a law firm with offices in over 40 countries across the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.

It was founded in 2005 through the merger between three law firms: San Diego–based Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, Baltimore-based Piper Rudnick LLP and United Kingdom–based DLA LLP. DLA Piper is now composed of multiple partnerships operating under a shared global network in an organizational structure known as a Swiss Verein.
New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group
The New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group (NERVTAG) is an advisory body that advises the United Kingdom Government's Chief Medical Advisor / Chief Medical Officer for England, who in turn advises the UK Department of Health and Social Care and relevant ministers regarding threats from viral respiratory tract infections. The body replaced the UK Scientific Pandemic Influenza Advisory Committee (SPI) as part of a move to expand the scope to cover the threat of other respiratory viruses, besides pandemic influenza. The inaugural meeting was held on 19 December 2014 where the terms of reference were agreed. The group has been advising the Department of Health for some years and minutes of meetings are now regularly published, backdated to 2014. As of 2020, the group has been advising specifically on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Viral disease
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.

Examples include the common cold, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, the flu, and rabies.
Baron FitzHugh
Baron FitzHugh, of Ravensworth in North Yorkshire, is an abeyant title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1321 for Sir Henry FitzHugh. The title passed through the male line until the death in 1513 of George FitzHugh, 7th Baron FitzHugh, when it became abeyant between his great-aunts Alice, Lady Fiennes and Elizabeth, Lady Parr, and to their descendants living today, listed below. The family seat was Ravensworth Castle in North Yorkshire, situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-west of Richmond Castle, caput of the Honour of Richmond, one of the most important fiefdoms in Norman England.

Caput baroniae
In the customs of the kingdom of England, the caput baroniae (from Latin 'head of the barony') was the ancient, or chief, seat or castle of a nobleman, which was not to be divided among the daughters upon his death, in case there be no son to inherit. Instead, it was to descend entirely to the eldest daughter caeteris filiabus aliunde satisfactis, 'other daughters having been satisfied elsewhere'.

The Leges Henrici Primi stated that a lord's tenants would have to go to the caput of the lord, even if it was in another county.‍

The central settlement in an Anglo-Saxon multiple estate was called a caput‍(also short for caput baroniae). The word is also used for the centre of administration of a hundred as well as the early feudal honour.
Hugh Ross (Australian politician)
Hugh Murdoch Ross (8 July 1846 – 7 July 1912) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Murrurundi to wheelwright John Ross and Mary Mackay. He was a farmer who also worked as a stock inspector, a postmaster and poundkeeper at Quirindi, and as clerk and secretary of the Carriers/Teamster Union at Narrabri. On 20 April 1874 he married Caroline O'Neile, with whom he would have nine children. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1898 as the Labor member for Narrabri. Defeated in 1901, Ross died in Sydney in 1912.

Postmaster
A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office.  When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. 
Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. The postmaster is the representative of the Postmaster General in that post office.

In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster.
Carl Wilkens
Carl Wilkens (born 1958) is an American Christian missionary and the former head of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency International in Rwanda.  In 1994, he was the only American who chose to remain in the country after the Rwandan genocide began.

Since 1978, when he first went to Africa as part of a college volunteer program, Wilkens had already spent 13 years working on the continent. After training as a high-school teacher, he later went back to night school and earned an MBA at the University of Baltimore.

Jean Kambanda
Jean Kambanda (born October 19, 1955) is a Hutu, Rwandan former politician who served as the Prime Minister of Rwanda in the caretaker government from the start of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. He is the only head of government to plead guilty to genocide, in the first group of such convictions since the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide came into effect in 1951.

Kambanda holds a degree in commercial engineering and began his career as a low-level United Popular BPR banker, rising as a technocrat to become the chair of the bank. At the time of the April 1994 crisis he was vice president of the Butare section of the opposition Republican Democratic Movement (MDR).

He was sworn in as prime minister on April 9, 1994 after the president Juvénal Habyarimana and prime minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, were both assassinated. He remained in the post for the hundred days of the genocide until July 19, 1994. After leaving office he fled the country.
Anni Pede-Erdkamp
Anni Pede-Erdkamp (14 January 1940 – 9 October 2025) was a West German long-distance runner who was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations as having set a world best in the marathon on 16 September 1967, with a time of 3:07:27 in Waldniel, West Germany.

Schwalmtal, North Rhine-Westphalia
Schwalmtal (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvalmˌtaːl], lit. 'Schwalm Valley') is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is named after the river Schwalm, which flows through the area. Schwalmtal is situated approximately 12 km west of Mönchengladbach.
Sternberger
Sternberger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dolf Sternberger (1907–1989), German philosopher

Estelle Sternberger (1886–1971), American activist, writer and broadcaster

Jace Sternberger (born 1997), American football player

Jakob Marzel Sternberger (1750–1822), Bohemian German mayor

Jacob Sternberger, grandson of Jakob Marzel Sternberger

Lionel Sternberger, credited by some with producing the first cheeseburger

Marcel Sternberger (1899–1956), Hungarian-American portrait photographer

Cheeseburger
A cheeseburger is a hamburger with melted cheese on top of the meat patty, added near the end of the cooking time. Cheeseburgers can include variations in structure, ingredients and composition. As with other hamburgers, a cheeseburger may include various condiments and other toppings such as lettuce, tomato and ketchup.

In fast food restaurants across the United States, processed cheese is usually used, although other meltable cheeses are used, such as cheddar, Swiss, mozzarella, blue cheese, or pepper jack. Virtually all restaurants that sell hamburgers also offer cheeseburgers.
Josiah Quincy (New Hampshire politician)
Josiah Quincy (March 7, 1793  – January 19, 1875) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the President of the New Hampshire Senate.

Quincy was born March 7, 1793, in Lenox, Massachusetts, and moved to Rumney, New Hampshire, after being admitted to the bar.

Quincy died on January 19, 1875, in Rumney.

Lenox, Massachusetts
Lenox is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is in Western Massachusetts and part of the Pittsfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,095 at the 2020 census. Lenox is the site of Shakespeare & Company and Tanglewood, summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Lenox includes the villages of New Lenox and Lenox Dale and the census-designated place of Lenox, and is a tourist destination during the summer.
Artur Nepokoychitsky
Artur Adamovich Nepokoychitsky (Russian: Артур Адамович Непокойчицкий; Russian (before 1918): Артуръ Адамовичъ Непокойчицкій; Polish: Artur Niepokojczycki; 20 December [O.S. 8] 1813 – 23 November [O.S. 11] 1881) was an Imperial Russian military leader of Polish extraction. A participant of the Crimean War and Russo-Turkish War, he was the chief of staff to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, until his dismissal at the end of the war.

He joined the Page Corps before being promoted to the Preobrazhensky Regiment. From 1841 he served on the General Staff and participated in military operations in Chechnya and Dagestan. In 1849, he ran of the headquarters of General Alexander von Lüders which went to Transylvania. Nepokoychitsky distinguished himself during the occupation of Sibiu.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (born 1831)
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Николай Николаевич; 8 August 1831  –  25 April 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. He may also be referred to as Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder to tell him apart from his son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929). Trained for the military, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.
Rhio
Rhianna McDonnell better known mononymously by her ring name Rhio is an English professional wrestler, currently working as a freelancer. She currently performs for Progress Wrestling, where she is a former two-time Progress Wrestling World Women's Champion; and with other promotions from the British independent scene, such as Pro-Wrestling: EVE and Pro Championship Wrestling.

Insane Championship Wrestling
Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW) is a professional wrestling promotion based in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Mark Dallas in 2006. It mixes elements of traditional sports entertainment with hardcore wrestling; thus admittance is restricted to those under 18 years old.

The company began expanding across the UK, and was featured in a Vice Magazine documentary in 2012 and BBC documentary in 2014. It was named UK Promotion of the Year by Fighting Spirit Magazine in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2018.

ICW formerly aired on cable television station MyChannel across Europe. ICW records and releases the majority of their shows on limited edition DVD as well as producing series of their own YouTube show, ICW Worldwide. In 2015, ICW launched their On Demand service (ICW On Demand), which has become the company's primary source of distribution of content.

On August 13, 2020, it was announced that ICW content would be available on WWE's video on-demand service, WWE Network.
Nagoya Municipal Subway 5000 series
The Nagoya Municipal Subway 5000 series (名古屋市交通局5000形) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type formerly operated by the Nagoya City Transportation Bureau on the Nagoya Subway Higashiyama Line in Japan from July 1980 until August 2015. Following their withdrawal in Japan, five sets were shipped to Argentina in 2015 for use on Line C of the Buenos Aires Underground.

Nagoya City Transportation Bureau
The Nagoya City Transportation Bureau (名古屋市交通局, Nagoya-shi Kōtsūkyoku) is a municipal government agency responsible for public transport in Nagoya, Japan.  The organization operates subways and buses. It was founded in 1922, as an operator of Nagoya City Tram bought from Nagoya Electric Railroad, the current Nagoya Railroad. The bureau sells Manaca, replacing the older Tranpass system.
Another Day in Paradise (mixtape)
Another Day in Paradise is the ninth mixtape by Palestinian-Canadian rapper Belly. It was released on 27 May 2016 through XO and Roc Nation. The mixtape features guest appearances from Starrah, Travis Scott, Waka Flocka Flame, Kehlani, Lil Wayne, Juicy J, and B-Real. Production was handled by the ANMLS, DannyBoyStyles, DaHeala, Infamous, Velous, Krack Keys, and Honorable C.N.O.T.E.

B-Real
Louis Mario Freese (born June 2, 1970), known by his stage name B-Real, is an American rapper. Since 1991, he has been one of two lead rappers in the hip hop group Cypress Hill, along with Sen Dog, and the only constant member of the band. He has also been a part of the rap metal band Kush (2000–2002), the hip hop supergroup Serial Killers (2013–present) and the rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage (2016–2019). He has released a variety of solo mixtapes, as well as two solo albums: Smoke n Mirrors (2009) and Tell You Something (2020).
George Johnson (cricketer, born 1894)
George Henry Johnson was an English cricketer active from 1922 to 1932 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He appeared in 18 first-class matches as a wicketkeeper and righthanded batsman. Johnson was born in Middlesbrough on 16 December 1894 and died in Uppingham, Rutland on 20 January 1965. He scored 142 runs with a highest score of 43 not out and claimed twenty victims including six stumpings.

Uppingham
Uppingham is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Rutland, England, off the A47 between Leicester and Peterborough, 6 miles (10 km) south of Oakham. It had a population of 4,745 according to the 2011 census, estimated at 4,853 in 2019.

The town is known for its eponymous public school. With its art galleries Uppingham has become a popular destination for art lovers. Uppingham was named "best place to live in the Midlands in 2022" by The Times newspaper, who commented on the town by calling it "a discerning market town with art, heart and smarts — plus the magnificent Rutland Water".
Battle of Haman
The Battle of Haman was one engagement in the larger Battle of Pusan Perimeter between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces early in the Korean War from August 31 to September 19, 1950, in the vicinity of Haman County in South Korea.  The engagement ended in a victory for the UN after large numbers of United States Army (US) and Republic of Korea Army (ROK) troops repelled a strong Korean People's Army (KPA) attack on the town of Haman.

Operating in defense of Masan during the Battle of Masan, the US 24th Infantry Regiment was stretched along a long line on a ridge to the west of the town, at Haman. When the KPA 6th Division attacked the town, the US troops fought to repel their advance in a weeklong battle in which the 24th Infantry performed poorly, and other US reinforcements were brought in to assist in fighting off the attack.

Korean People's Army
The Korean People's Army (KPA; Korean: 조선인민군; MR: Chosŏn inmin'gun) encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.

The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and United States Forces Korea, across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, as it has since the Armistice Agreement of July 1953. As of 2021 it is the second largest military organisation in the world, with 29.9% of the North Korean population actively serving, in reserve or in a paramilitary capacity.