hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Vince
Michael Vince (born 1947) is a British poet and author. He was educated at Emanuel School and King's College, Cambridge, where he read English under Tony Tanner and began friendships with the poets Dick Davis, Robert Wells and Clive Wilmer. He taught in Italy and the UK before emigrating to Greece in 1977, where he worked in language teaching with the British Council, and as a free-lance materials writer and in teacher education. He now lives in London.

Vince won a Gregory Award in 1977. He has since published a number of books and pamphlets, most recently Plain Text in 2015, Long Distance in 2020 and Back to Life in 2023. He has appeared in numerous magazines in the UK and USA, including Outposts, Southern Review, PN Review, Encounter, Times Literary Supplement, London Review of Books, Numbers, La Fontana and Verse.

Vince has also published a number of best-selling ELT course books and grammars, including Highlight, and the Language Practice series.

The Southern Review
The Southern Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established by Robert Penn Warren in 1935 at the behest of Charles W. Pipkin and funded by Huey Long as a part of his investment in Louisiana State University. It publishes fiction, poetry, critical essays, and excerpts from novels in progress by established and emerging writers and includes reproductions of visual art. The Southern Review continues to follow Warren's articulation of the mission when he said that it gives "writers decent company between the covers, and [concentrates] editorial authority sufficiently for the journal to have its own distinctive character and quality".
Eberhard Grün
Eberhard Grün (born 30 March 1942, in Germany) is a German planetary scientist who specialized in cosmic dust research. He is an active emeritus at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Heidelberg (Germany), research associate at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) in Boulder (Colorado), and was a professor at the University of Heidelberg until his retirement in 2007. Eberhard Grün has had a leading role in international cosmic dust science for over 40 years.

Giotto (spacecraft)
Giotto was a European robotic spacecraft mission from the European Space Agency. The spacecraft flew by and studied Halley's Comet and in doing so became the first spacecraft to make close up observations of a comet. On 13 March 1986, the spacecraft succeeded in approaching Halley's nucleus at a distance of 596 kilometers. It was named after the Early Italian Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone. He had observed Halley's Comet in 1301 and was inspired to depict it as the star of Bethlehem in his painting Adoration of the Magi in the Scrovegni Chapel.
Shaoshi Wenjian Lu
The Wenjian Lu (聞見錄; "Records of Hearsay") is an 1132 Chinese biji book by Shao Bowen (邵伯溫) during the Song dynasty. The book is usually called Shaoshi Wenjian Lu (邵氏聞見錄; "Shao's Records of Hearsay") to distinguish from a contemporary book of the same title and genre (generally called Sichao Wenjian Lu). In the Qing dynasty, the book was included in the collection Siku Quanshu.

The book contains 20 chapters (scrolls) with a supplement by Shao Bowen's son Shao Bo (邵博). Included in the book are historical, political, and intellectual stories from the Song dynasty, especially from Wang Anshi's reforms during Emperor Shenzong of Song's reign. The last part of the book is dedicated to Shao Bowen's father Shao Yong.

Biji (Chinese literature)
Biji (traditional Chinese: 筆記; simplified Chinese: 笔记; pinyin: bǐjì) is a special literary genre in classical Chinese literature. Literally, it means 'notebook' or 'written notes'. There is no strict writing mode for biji, it is a literary form mainly based on recording personal insights, experiences, miscellaneous sensations, and trifles, and it is known for its characteristics of scattered notes and trivial records. A book of biji can contain stories, anecdotes, quotations, random musings, philological speculations, literary criticism and indeed everything that the author deems worth recording.
Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
The Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory was a monographic series that ran from 1962 to 1973 and covered publications and reports by the staff of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory.

The series is indexed and abstracted in GeoRef and Inspec.

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona.  It is also a graduate school, constituting the Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona.  LPL is one of the world's largest programs dedicated exclusively to planetary science in a university setting. The Lunar and Planetary Lab collection is held at the University of Arizona Special Collections Library.
Claude Desgots
Claude Desgots (or Desgotz; c. 1658 – 1732) was a French architect and landscape architect, who designed French formal gardens in France and England. He worked with and was strongly influenced by André Le Nôtre, the designer of the gardens at Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles that set the pattern for grand gardening in France up to the Revolution. In spite of increasing competition from the informal English landscape style, the French tradition was kept vital through apprenticeship connections in the generation following Le Nôtre's death in 1700, and a principal representative in this tradition was Claude Desgots, "a worthy heir and a great talent in gardening", remarked the master teacher of architecture Jacques-François Blondel.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Bught
The Bught (/ˈbʌxt/ BUKHT; Scottish Gaelic: Am Bucht) is an area of the Scottish city of Inverness. A "bught" is defined in the Dictionary of the Scots Language as follows "Bowcht, Bucht, n. Also: boucht; bowght, bought. [Flem. bocht, bucht, inclosure for swine, sheep, etc.] A sheep-fold; a milking fold for ewes."

It is situated between the River Ness and the Caledonian Canal in the west of the city. It is a recreational area and contains the sports ground Bught Park, Inverness Sports Centre & Aquadome, Inverness Ice Rink, Whin Park and the Ness Islands. There is also a caravan park and extensive playing fields in the area.

The sports fields are used as the home grounds for Inverness Blitz American football home games.

Due to the recreational nature of the area, there is very little housing and most people live in the nearby areas of Dalneigh and Ballifeary.

River Ness
The River Ness (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Nis) is a short river in the Great Glen of Scotland. It begins at Loch Dochfour, at the northern end of Loch Ness, and flows northeast towards the city of Inverness, where it empties into the Moray Firth. It runs parallel to the Caledonian Canal for the first half of its course, which is six miles (10 km) long in total.

At Inverness, the river contains a group of wooded islets known as the Ness Islands, some of which are linked to the shore by footbridges.
Poblet Abbey
Poblet Abbey, otherwise the Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet (Catalan: Reial Monestir de Santa Maria de Poblet), is a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1151, located at the foot of the Prades Mountains, in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain). It was founded by Cistercian monks from France. The main architect was Arnau Bargués.

This monastery was the first of three sister monasteries, known as the Cistercian triangle, that helped consolidate power in Catalonia in the 12th century. (The other two are Vallbona de les Monges and Santes Creus.)

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Ezio Sella
Ezio Sella (born 11 April 1956) is an Italian football coach and former professional player.

During his playing career he played for Viterbese, Fiorentina, Brescia, Sampdoria, Verona, Bologna, Arezzo, Ancona, Civitavecchia and Lodigiani. After retiring from playing in 1989 he has managed Roma and Palermo, guiding the rosanero to win the Serie C1 title during his two-week time in Sicily.

In November 2009 he joined Siena as assistant of newly appointed boss Alberto Malesani. He successively followed Malesani also at Bologna.

Hellas Verona FC
Hellas Verona Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Hellas Verona (Italian: [ˈɛllaz veˈroːna]), is an Italian professional football club based in Verona, Veneto, that currently plays in Serie A. The team won the Serie A championship in the 1984–85 season.

The club has been associated with politically far-right ultras since at least the 1970s, and has repeatedly had racist incidents occur in the stands over the decades, including an incident in 1996 in which an effigy representing Dutch player Maickel Ferrier was hung from the stadium railing with a banner reading "Negro, get out of here" by fans wearing Ku Klux Klan attire. The club was repeated fined in the 2010s and 2020s for fans in the stands racially abusing players on the pitch.

In January 2025, it was announced that the club had been acquired by American private equity Presidio Investors.
William Chittick
William Clark Chittick (born June 29, 1943) is an American philosopher, writer, translator, and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts. He is best known for his work on Rumi and Ibn 'Arabi, and has written extensively on the school of Ibn 'Arabi, Islamic philosophy, and Islamic cosmology. He is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Asian and Asian American Studies at Stony Brook University.

SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system. The press, which was founded in 1966, is located in Albany, New York and publishes scholarly works in various fields.

The SUNY Press has agreements with several print-on-demand and electronic vendors, such as Ingram, Integrated Books International, EBSCO, ProQuest, Project MUSE, the Philosophy Documentation Center, Google, and Amazon. Books published by SUNY Press are 80% scholarly works from professors within the SUNY system or other schools and universities. The remaining 20% are aimed at a general audience.

The press is a member of the Association of University Presses.
History of MSNBC: 1996–2007
The following is a history of MSNBC from 1996 to 2007. MSNBC is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that was created in 1996 by Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, which is now the Comcast-owned NBCUniversal.

Microsoft invested $220 million for a 50% share of the cable network, while MSNBC and Microsoft would share the cost of a $200 million newsroom in Redmond, Washington for MSNBC. NBC supplied the channel space that was occupied by the 18-month-old America's Talking network. Its name is a combination of "MSN" and "NBC". MSNBC (similarly to  Fox News) was created as an alternative to CNN.

The following are highlights from the network's first 11 years; its history from 2008 to 2015 is separately covered.  Mark Harrington was the first president of MSNBC until his death in 1998; the network's first permanent studios in Secaucus, New Jersey, were later named for Harrington.

Ashleigh Banfield
Ashleigh Dennistoun Banfield (born December 29, 1967) is a Canadian-American journalist and former host of Banfield on the NewsNation network. She is also a former host of Legal View with Ashleigh Banfield and Early Start on CNN.
Digital DNA
Digital DNA is a public art project commissioned by the Palo Alto Public Arts Commission for Lytton Plaza in downtown Palo Alto, California. It was created by Adriana Varella and Nilton Maltz and installed in 2005. Digital DNA addresses complicated themes of technology and public space in Silicon Valley. In 2018, the sculpture was removed from the plaza and was later installed outside of the i-Lab at Harvard Business School.

Digital DNA recognizes Palo Alto (the HP garage) as the birthplace of the Silicon Valley and the computer revolution. At the same time, the sculpture poses challenging questions about what it means to live and work in the Silicon Valley where every day companies determine and produce new technologies and make decisions that profoundly change the DNA of both it and every other society on the globe.

HP Garage
The HP Garage is a private museum where the company Hewlett-Packard (HP) was founded. It is located at 367 Addison Avenue in Palo Alto, California. It is considered to be the "Birthplace of Silicon Valley". In the 1930s, Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in the area instead of leaving California, and develop a high-tech region. HP founders Bill Hewlett and David Packard are considered the first Stanford students who took Terman's advice.

The garage has since been designated a California Historical Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Though not open for public tours, the property can be viewed from the sidewalk and driveway.
Sony FE 200-600mm F5.6-6.3 G OSS
The Sony FE 200-600mm F5.6-6.3 G OSS is a premium, variable maximum aperture full-frame telephoto zoom lens for the Sony E-mount, announced by Sony on June 11, 2019.

The Sony 200-600mm lens is currently the second longest focal length native zoom lens offered for the Sony E-mount, with the longest being the newly released 400-800mm. Though designed for Sony's full frame E-mount cameras, the lens can be used on Sony's APS-C E-mount camera bodies, with an equivalent full-frame field-of-view of 300-900mm.

Full-frame DSLR
A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format (36 mm × 24 mm). Historically, 35 mm was one of the standard film formats, alongside larger ones, such as medium format and large format. Many digital cameras, both compact and SLR models, use a smaller-than-35 mm frame as it is easier and cheaper to manufacture imaging sensors at a smaller size. Historically, the earliest digital SLR models, such as the Nikon NASA F4 or Kodak DCS 100, also used a smaller sensor.

Kodak states that 35 mm film (note: in "Academy format", 21.0 mm × 15.2 mm) has the equivalent of 6K horizontal resolution, according to a senior vice president of IMAX. This equates to 10K horizontal resolution in full-frame size.
ISO/IEC 31010
ISO/IEC 31010 is a standard concerning risk management codified by The International Organization for Standardization and The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The full name of the standard is ISO.IEC 31010:2019 – Risk management – Risk assessment techniques.

ISO 31000
ISO 31000 is a set of international standards for risk management. It was developed in November 2009 by International Organization for Standardization. The goal of these standards is to provide a consistent vocabulary and methodology for assessing and managing risk, resolving the historic ambiguities and differences in the ways risk are described. The standards were designed to fit into an integrated management system.
Michihiko Hachiya
Michihiko Hachiya (蜂谷道彦, Hachiya Michihiko; 1903 in Okayama Prefecture - 1980) was a Japanese physician who survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in August 1945. He kept a personal diary of his experience in the aftermath of the bombing which was later published as Hiroshima Diary in 1955.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
Perceval School
Perceval School (French: École Perceval ) is a private school in Chatou, Yvelines, France. Established in 1957, it uses the Steiner-Waldorf teaching style. It serves levels preschool (maternelle) through upper school (lycée). As of 2016 it has about 400 students.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
2009 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 2009 East Carolina Pirates football team represented East Carolina University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season and played their home games in Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. The team was coached by Skip Holtz, who was in his fifth and final year with the program. The 2009 Pirates were defending their first ever Conference USA Football Championship.

The Pirates finished the season 9–5, 7–1 in CUSA play, winning the East Division in their final regular season game against the Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles 25-20, and won their second consecutive CUSA Championship Game 38–32 against the Houston Cougars in Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. The Pirates were invited to their second consecutive Liberty Bowl where they were defeated by Arkansas 20–17 in overtime.

2009 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team
The 2009 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team represented The University of Southern Mississippi in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team's head coach was Larry Fedora, who was in his second year at Southern Miss. They played their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and competed in the East Division of Conference USA.

The Golden Eagles finished the season with a record of 7–6, 5–3 in C-USA play and lost to Middle Tennessee, 42–32, in the New Orleans Bowl.
Misa (river in Latvia)
The Misa is a river, 108 kilometres long, in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Its upper course till its tributary Zvirgzde river is rectificated. There are active peat extraction sites and polders on the banks of the river from the village of Stelpe to Beibeži. From the Zvirgzde river to the village of Plakanciems there are several summer cottage colonies on the wooded banks of the Misa. Below Plakanciems to the Misa's confluence with the Iecava near Ozolnieki, the land either side of the river has a relatively high population density.

The biggest settlements near the river are: Stelpe, Beibeži, Dzērumi, Plakanciems, Pēternieki, Dalbe and Ozolnieki.

Ozolnieki
Ozolnieki is a village in Ozolnieki Parish, Jelgava Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. The village is located at Iecava river approximately 36 km (22 mi) from the capital Riga and 6 km (4 mi) from the city of Jelgava.
Venues of the 1948 Winter Olympics
For the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, a total of eight sports venues were used. The five venues used for the 1928 Winter Olympics were reused for these games. Three new venues were added for alpine skiing which had been added to the Winter Olympics program twelve years earlier in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (Allied-occupied Germany during the 1948 Games). As of 2015, the bob run continues to be used for bobsleigh and the Cresta Run for skeleton while alpine skiing remains popular in St. Moritz.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
Rusty Willoughby
Rusty Willoughby (born June 30, 1966) is an American musician born in Staten Island and currently living in Vashon, Washington, a suburb of Seattle. As of 2011, he has been vocalist, songwriter and guitarist or bass guitarist for several Seattle based bands: Pure Joy (1984–1989, 1997–2004), Flop (1990–1995), Llama (2005–2008), and Cobirds Unite (2010–). He also briefly played drums for the Fastbacks. He also played with Kurt Bloch of the Fastbacks, Jonathan Poneman (co-founder of the record label Sub Pop), and Scott Sutherland (of Seattle bands Model Rockets and Chemistry Set) in a Cheap Trick cover band called Sick Man of Europe, and appeared in the film Hype!, a documentary directed about the popularity of grunge rock.

Vashon, Washington
Vashon (/ˈvæʃɒn/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in King County, Washington, United States. It covers an island alternately called Vashon Island or Vashon–Maury Island, the largest island in Puget Sound south of Admiralty Inlet. Before the construction of a tombolo built in 1913, Vashon Island and Maury Island were connected only during low tide; now they are considered a tied island.

The CDP's population was 11,055 at the 2020 census, up from 10,624 in 2010. The CDP covers an area of 36.9 square miles (95.6 km2).

The island is connected to West Seattle and the Kitsap Peninsula to the north and Tacoma to the south via the Washington State Ferries system, as well as to Downtown Seattle via the King County Water Taxi. The island has resisted the construction of a fixed bridge to preserve its relative isolation and rural character. Vashon Island is also known for its annual strawberry festival, sheepdog trials, and agriculture.