hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agrarian society
An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. Another way to define an agrarian society is by seeing how much of a nation's total production is in agriculture. In  agrarian society, cultivating the land is the primary source of wealth. Such a society may acknowledge other means of livelihood and work habits but stresses the importance of agriculture and farming. Agrarian societies have existed in various parts of the world as far back as 10,000 years ago and continue to exist today. They have been the most common form of socio-economic organization for most of recorded human history.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Chartres-de-Bretagne
Chartres-de-Bretagne (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ də bʁətaɲ]; Breton: Karnod, Gallo: Chartr) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Inhabitants of Chartres-de-Bretagne are called Chartrains in French.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Ruth H. Funk
Ruth Hardy Funk (February 11, 1917 – February 5, 2011) was the seventh general president of the Young Women organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1972 to 1978.

Church News
The Church News (formerly LDS Church News) is a multi-platform supplement and subdivision of the Deseret News, a Salt Lake City, Utah newspaper owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is published daily online, and weekly as tabloid-sized. Deseret News also provides the news site Of Good Report (now only in social media and formerly Mormon Times). It is the only LDS Church publication entirely devoted to news coverage of church.
Albert Culton
Albert Culton is an American former basketball player. He played college basketball for the Texas A&M Aggies and UT Arlington Mavericks.

Culton attended Ennis High School in Ennis, Texas. He averaged 22.6 points and 19.6 rebounds per game as a senior while he led his team to its first district title and earned first-team all-state honors. He was heavily recruited by colleges, including most teams in the Southwest Conference, and signed a letter of intent with the Texas A&M Aggies on April 14, 1977. He transferred to play for the UT Arlington Mavericks and was named the Southland Conference Freshman of the Year in 1981. He averaged 18.0 points and 9.6 rebounds per game during the 1981–82 season and was selected as the Southland Player of the Year.

Culton was selected by the Dallas Mavericks as the 209th overall pick in the 1982 NBA draft. He played for the Harlem Globetrotters.

Ennis, Texas
Ennis (/ˈɛnɪs/) is a city in eastern Ellis County, Texas, United States. Its population was 20,159 according to the 2020 census, with an estimated population of 23,686 in 2023. Ennis is home to the annual National Polka Festival. It is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex.
The Block season 4
The fourth season of Australian reality television series The Block, titled The Block 2011, aired on the Nine Network. Scott Cam returned as host as did John McGrath & Neale Whitaker as judges and Shelley Craft joined the season as "Challenge Master". The season premiered on Monday, 20 June 2011 at 7:00 pm.

Unlike previous series, the fourth season was filmed in Melbourne rather than Sydney, with the four houses to be renovated located in the inner-city suburb of Richmond.

The season was ultimately won by Polly Porter and Warwick "Waz" Jones, who were the only couple to sell their property at auction.

Shelley Craft
Shelley Craft (born 21 June 1976) is an Australian television personality.

She is most well known for her long-running presenting roles on the Seven Network programs Saturday Disney from 1996 until 2002, and The Great Outdoors from 2002 until 2007.

From 2008 to present she has been working for the Nine Network on a number of programs, most notably as host of Australia's Funniest Home Video Show, Domestic Blitz, The Block, Reno Rumble and Your Domain.

In 2013, she presented the 'Saturday Showdown' edition of Big Brother Australia. Craft is an ambassador for online travel agency TripADeal.
Vladyslav Hryko
Vladyslav Volodymyrovich Hryko (Ukrainian: Владислав Володимирович Грико; born January 25, 1997) is a Ukrainian male artistic gymnast and a member of the national team. He participated at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Glasgow, and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Two years before his senior Olympic debut, Hryko secured two medals, a silver in the pommel horse, and a bronze in the rings, at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing, China.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Nicholas Fairall
Nicholas Fairall (born July 6, 1989) is an American former ski jumper who competed for the United States in the men's normal hill individual competition at the 2014 Winter Olympics. He is a graduate of Proctor Academy in Andover, New Hampshire.

On January 5, 2015, Fairall suffered serious spinal injuries in Bischofshofen, during qualification for the final event of the 2014–15 Four Hills Tournament. After landing a seemingly routine jump of 123 meters, he lost balance and suddenly fell violently forward head-first and flipped over. A year later, Fairall returned to Bischofshofen and gave an interview in which he discussed the progress of his recovery and continued love for ski jumping. Despite using a wheelchair, Fairall was present at the event as a keen spectator.

Andover, New Hampshire
Andover is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,406 at the 2020 census. Andover includes the villages of Cilleyville, Potter Place, East Andover, and West Andover, in addition to the town center. The town is home to Ragged Mountain State Forest and Proctor Academy, a private coeducational preparatory school.
2018 Open Sud de France – Doubles
Alexander and Mischa Zverev were the defending champions, but Alexander chose not to participate this year. Mischa played alongside Karen Khachanov, but lost in the first round to Ben McLachlan and Hugo Nys.

Ken and Neal Skupski won the title, defeating McLachlan and Nys in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–4.

Mischa Zverev
Mikhail "Mischa" Alexandrovich Zverev (born 22 August 1987) is a German retired professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 25 on 24 July 2017.

At the 2017 Australian Open, Zverev defeated world No. 1 Andy Murray in four sets before losing in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Roger Federer. As a qualifier, he has also reached the quarterfinals of both the 2009 Italian Open and the 2016 Shanghai Masters. He is the brother of former world No. 2, 2021 Olympic gold medallist, and two-time ATP Finals champion Alexander Zverev.
Durga Prasad Subedi
Durga Prasad Subedi (Nepali: दुर्गा प्रसाद सुवेदी) is a Nepalese activist, author, and politician who was one of the three youth wing leaders of the Nepali Congress involved in the 1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking. Subedi is also the husband of interim Prime Minister of Nepal, Sushila Karki.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Pat E. Johnson
Patrick E. Johnson (December 31, 1939 – November 5, 2023) was an American martial artist and actor. He was a 9th degree black belt in American Tang Soo Do and was the president of the National Tang Soo Do Congress, which was originally created by Chuck Norris in 1973.

Johnson was famous for the martial arts choreography in The Karate Kid series, in which he also starred as the All Valley Karate Tournament head referee, and was involved in many films, as choreographer and actor, including Enter the Dragon (as a Mafia collection-agent who gets coldcocked by John Saxon), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Mortal Kombat, Green Street Hooligans, and Punisher: War Zone. He was the 1995 Black Belt magazine Instructor of the Year.

Mortal Kombat (film series)
Mortal Kombat is an American series of martial arts fantasy films based on the video game series of the same name.

The first live-action film, Mortal Kombat, was released in 1995 and its sequel, Mortal Kombat Annihilation, was released in 1997. After the two films, game publisher Midway filed for bankruptcy. Warner Bros., having become the parent of New Line Cinema in 2008 (after over a decade of both operating as separate divisions of Time Warner), made a bid to purchase most of Midway's assets, including Mortal Kombat. In June 2009, Kasanoff and Threshold sued in bankruptcy court, arguing that they owned the copyright to many of the characters from the series.

On July 1, 2009, the bankruptcy court approved the sale of most of Midway's assets to Warner Bros. subject to the intellectual property claims of Threshold Entertainment. After years of development hell, a reboot of the series was released in April 2021.
Charaxes nyikensis
Charaxes nyikensis, the montane charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Malawi and eastern Zambia.

The habitat consists of montane forests, riverine forests, scrub forests and Brachystegia woodland (Miombo).

The larvae feed on Albizia gummifera and Dalbergia lactea.

Brachystegia
Brachystegia is a genus of tree of the subfamily Detarioideae that is native to tropical Africa.

Trees of the genus are commonly known as miombo, and are dominant in the miombo woodlands of central and southern tropical Africa. The Zambezian region is the centre of diversity for the genus.
Ion Coman
Ion Cornel Coman (born 13 July 1981) is a Romanian football player who plays for Precizia Săcele as a striker.

He started his senior career in his home town, Braşov. After his loan to Forex Braşov from FC Brașov, the Forex administration signed him as their own player, as he became a first eleven choice for them. His Liga II performances helped his team almost reach Liga I, but, after the loss in the 2005–2006 play-off for first league promotion, the team was soon dissolved (in 2008) and Coman had to find work elsewhere.

He did eventually get to perform in Liga 1, after his promotion with Victoria Brăneşti, and his following signing with Voinţa Sibiu.

After their relegation Cornel Coman returned to his hometown with the newly founded team called Corona Braşov. Following the 2012–13 winter outgoing transfers, Coman became the captain of Corona Braşov.

CSM Săcele
Club Sportiv Municipal Săcele is a Romanian football club from Săcele, Brașov County, founded in 1950. They currently compete in the Liga IV, rejoining senior competitions from the 2013–14 season, after they retired from the Liga III during the 2008–09 season due to financial reasons.
Breidjing Camp
The Breidjing refugee camp is a camp located in eastern Chad created by the UNHCR and run by the Red Cross, which eventually hosted around 42,000 Sudanese refugees who fled Darfur, Sudan in 2004 after the start of a long armed conflict. This camp is still operating as of 2018.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Girdimanchay
Girdimanchay is a river in Azerbaijan.

It is the left tributary of the Kura. The river is 88 km (55 mi) in length, with a basin area of 727 km2 (281 sq mi). The water discharge is 8.9 m3/s (310 cu ft/s).

The Girdimanchay originates on the southern slopes of Mount Babadagh (3,629.6 m (11,908 ft) above sea level) in Guba district, then flows through the Ismayilli, Aghsu and Kurdamir regions. Mudflows and severe floods often occur on the river. In the Shirvan steppe, the waters of the river are used for agricultural needs and water supply of the Kurdamir city and of settlements along its banks.

The settlements of Gyandov, Lahij, Arakit, Burovdal are located on the river.

Agsu District
Agsu District (Azerbaijani: Ağsu rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country, in the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Ismayilli, Shamakhi, Kurdamir, and Hajigabul. Its capital and largest city is Agsu. As of 2020, the district had a population of 81,000.
Howard Cannon (author)
Howard Cannon (born July 29, 1964) is an American author, consultant, motivational speaker, and court-testifying expert witness in restaurant and bar matters nationwide. Cannon is the author of Restaurant Ridiculous: Slip and Fall Personal Injury Lawsuits (2025), Restaurant OSHA Safety and Security: The Book of Restaurant Industry Standards and Best Practices (2016)  and The Complete Idiot's Guide to Starting Your Own Restaurant (2011), among others.  Cannon writes and speaks about restaurant safety, as well as the management and starting of restaurants and bars.

Expert witness
An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert. The judge may consider the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about evidence or about facts before the court within the expert's area of expertise, to be referred to as an "expert opinion". Expert witnesses may also deliver "expert evidence" within the area of their expertise. Their testimony may be rebutted by testimony from other experts or by other evidence or facts.
Kunimiyama Etsukichi
Kunimiyama Etsukichi (Japanese: 國見山 悦吉; born Etsukichi Matsushita (松下 悦吉, Matsushita Etsukichi), March 28, 1876 – September 25, 1924) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Tosa District, Kōchi (now Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture). He reached the rank of ōzeki in May 1905 and was the first wrestler to be promoted at that rank since Yahatayama, 14 years earlier. He was also the last  ōzeki from his prefecture until the promotion of Tamanishiki in May 1930, 25 years later.

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.
Portage Lake (St. Joseph County, Michigan)
Portage Lake is a 510-acre lake located near Mendon in the Michigan county of St. Joseph. A glacial-origin lake, it is fed and drained by the Portage River. The lake is variously reported as 37 feet and as 60 feet in maximum depth.

The lake was surveyed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources in 1998.  The survey uncovered significant sport fishery resources in the form of bluegill, yellow perch, black crappie, largemouth bass, and northern pike.  Traps set by naturalists caught many turtles, including map turtles and painted turtles.

Mendon, Michigan
Mendon is a village in St. Joseph County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village is located within Mendon Township.

As of 2023, the estimated population is 868. The population was 870 at the 2010 census.
Scott Burgess (sound designer)
Scott Burgess is an American audio engineer, composer, musician, sound designer, voice over artist, and performer. In the category of Outstanding Sound Design, Resident Production, he is a ten-time nominee and a two-time winner of the Helen Hayes Award.

Helen Hayes Award
The Helen Hayes Awards are theater awards recognizing excellence in professional theater in the Washington, D.C., area since 1983. The awards are named in tribute of Helen Hayes, who is also known as the "First Lady of American Theatre." They are presented by Theatre Washington (formerly known as the Helen Hayes Awards organization), sponsored by TodayTix, a ticketing company, and supported in part by the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities, The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation, The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation, The Share Fund, Prince Charitable Trust, and Craig Pascal and Victor Shargai.
Midland Continental Overpass
The Midland Continental Overpass near Jamestown, North Dakota was a steel cantilever beam bridge that was built in 1936.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, and was delisted in 2024. The bridge crossed the Midland Continental Railroad track.

According to its nomination, the bridge is significant "for its association with efforts to modernize and improve North Dakota's roadway system during the New Deal era, including the state's first large-scale program of railroad-highway grade separation construction. The overpass is also eligible ... because it exhibits an unusual engineering design. The use of cantilevered spans during the historic
period, such as exhibited at this structure, is rare in North Dakota."  However, there are no records of the bridge's construction in county records.

Jamestown, North Dakota
Jamestown is a city in and the county seat of Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth most populous city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.
John Hawkins (archdeacon of Hampstead)
Christianity portal

John Edward Inskipp Hawkins (born 6 June 1963) has been Archdeacon of Hampstead since 2015.

Hawkins was educated at King's College London and The Queen's Foundation. He was ordained deacon in 1988 and priest in 1989. After a curacy at Holy Trinity, Birchfield he was Team Vicar of  All Saints, Poplar then St John, West Hendon. He was Priest in charge of St Matthias, Colindale from 2007 to 2015. He was appointed a Prebendary of  St Paul's Cathedral in 2013.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Benaiah Titcomb House
The Benaiah Titcomb House is a historic First Period house in Essex, Massachusetts.  The oldest part of the house, built c. 1700 in Newburyport, was a two-story section two rooms wide, with a central chimney.  Sometime before the end of the First Period (c. 1720s) a shed-style leanto addition was added to its rear (the side now facing the street), giving it a saltbox appearance.  The house was moved to its present location in 1917, oriented to provide views of the coast.  At this time a new chimney was provided, and a large dormer was added to the rear to expand the upstairs living space.

The builder, Benaiah Titcomb, was the son of William Titcomb, an early settler of the area.  The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Saltbox house
A saltbox house is a gable-roofed residential structure that is typically two stories in the front and one in the rear, so that the front roof is considerably shorter than the back one. It is a traditional New England-style of home, originally timber-framed, which takes its name from its resemblance to a type of slant-topped lidded wooden box in which salt was once kept.

The structure's unequal sides and long, low rear roofline are its most distinctive features. A flat front and central chimney are also recognizable traits.
Henry (Saxon king)
Henry or Henricus was a Saxon king mentioned in Gesta Danorum. Having just married Finnish princess, Signe in Finland he was slain by king of the Danes, Gram who crashed the wedding. His murder compelled his retainers to join forces with Gram's enemy, Swipdag, who eventually killed him in battle. Later, Swipdag's grandson was named Henry probably after Henry, poetically this Henry was killed by a son of Gram and Signe, Hading.

Hadingus
Hadingus or Hading was one of the earliest legendary Danish kings. He is mentioned is Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, where he has a detailed biography, and briefly in the Codex Runicus. Georges Dumézil and others have argued that Hadingus was partially modelled on the god Njörðr.