hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernard Maurey
Bernard Maurey (born 1948) is a French mathematician who deals with functional analysis and especially the theory of Banach spaces.

He received in 1973 his Ph.D. from the University Paris VII (Denis Diderot) under Laurent Schwartz with thesis Théorèmes de factorisation pour les opérateurs linéaires à valeurs dans les espaces Lp. Maurey is a professor at the University of Paris VII and a member of the CNRS's Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Mathématiques Appliquées of the University of Marne-la-Vallée. He was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1974 in Vancouver.

He introduced stable Banach spaces in 1981 with Jean-Louis Krivine. In 1992, with Timothy Gowers, Maurey resolved the "unconditional basic sequence problem" in the theory of Banach spaces, by showing that not every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional subspace that admits an unconditional Schauder basis.

Paris Diderot University
Paris Diderot University, also known as Paris 7 (French: Université Paris Diderot), was a French university located in Paris, France. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 universities in 1970. Paris Diderot merged with Paris Descartes University in 2019 to form the University of Paris, which was later renamed Paris Cité University.

With two Nobel Prize laureates, two Fields Medal winners and two former French Ministers of Education among its faculty or former faculty, the university was famous for its teaching in science, especially in mathematics. Many fundamental results of the theory of probability were discovered at one of its research centres, the Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (Laboratory of Probability and Random Models).
2010 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
In 2010, the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second level of the Brazilian League, was contested by 20 clubs from May 7 to November 27, 2010. The top four teams in the table, former Brazilian Série A champions Coritiba and Bahia alongside Figueirense and América (MG), were promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A to be contested in 2011, meanwhile the bottom four were relegated to Série C next season. Three former Brazilian champion played in this edition: Bahia and 2009 relegated Coritiba and Sport Recife. Playing for the first time were Guaratinguetá, which was promoted along with ASA de Arapiraca, Icasa and América Mineiro from the Série C. After spending a single season in Série A, Santo André returned to Série B along with Náutico.

Guaratinguetá Futebol
Guaratinguetá Futebol Ltda., commonly referred to as simply Guaratinguetá, was a  Brazilian professional football club based in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. Due to financial challenges, the activities of the club are terminated and the last time they participated in a professional match was in September 2016.
HD 222155
HD 222155 is a star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is a yellow star that can be viewed with binoculars or a small telescope, but is too faint to be seen with the naked eye at an apparent visual magnitude of 7.1. The imaging survey in 2017 did not detect any stellar companions to HD 222155.

This is a G-type star with a stellar classification of G0. It has exhausted the hydrogen fuel in its core and begun to evolve towards a red giant; it is currently on the subgiant branch.  It has begun to expand its gaseous envelope, having a radius of 1.8 R☉ with a mass almost the same as the Sun's The star is relatively depleted of heavy elements, having about 80% of solar abundance, and has weak yet noticeable ultraviolet flare activity.

Subgiant
A subgiant is a star that is brighter than a normal main-sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as  giant stars. The term subgiant is applied both to a particular spectral luminosity class and to a stage in the evolution of a star.
Noah Abich
Noah Abich (born 2 February 1987) is a Kenyan footballer who plays for Kenyan National Super League side Nairobi City Stars.

The former Kenya national team player previously played for Nzoia Sugar, Chemelil Sugar, Sony Sugar, Tusker, A.F.C. Leopards, Kakamega Homeboyz F.C. Sofapaka, Mathare United, Bandari, Mt. Kenya United all in the Kenyan Premier League.

He also featured for promotion-chasing Nakuru AllStars back in 2012 on a short-term stint from June.

Nzoia Sugar F.C.
Nzoia Sugar Football Club (formerly Nzoia United Football Club) is a Kenyan professional football club based in Bungoma. Founded in 1982, the club competes in the Kenyan Premier League, and play their home games at the Sudi Stadium in Bungoma.
Frederick Byerley
Frederick Byerley (9 July 1910 – 19 August 1994) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one first-class match for Auckland in 1931/32.

Byerley's only first-class match was against the touring South Africans in February 1932. In Auckland's first innings he went to the wicket with the score at 123 for 6 and hit 77 at a run a minute.

Byerley served in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force in Europe in World War II. He was captured by the Germans and held at Stalag VIII-B prisoner of war camp. After the war ended in Europe he was a member of the New Zealand Services cricket team that played in England in 1945.

Stalag VIII-B
Stalag VIII-B was most recently a German Army administered POW camp during World War II, later renumbered Stalag-344, located near the village of Lamsdorf (now Łambinowice) in Silesia. The camp contained barracks built to house British and French World War I POWs. The site had housed POWs of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
The Gold Bat
The Gold Bat is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published on 13 September 1904 by A & C Black, London. It was originally serialised in The Captain.

Set at the fictional public school of Wrykyn, the novel tells of how two boys, O'Hara and Moriarty, tar and feather a statue of a local politician as a prank. They get away with it, but O'Hara had borrowed a tiny gold cricket bat belonging to Trevor, the captain of the cricket team. After the prank, the boys discover that the trinket is missing. Schoolboy honour is at stake as Trevor and his friends conceal the loss of the gold bat until, through a stroke of luck, they find it. The novel deals with events during that term, including inter-house rugby matches and the dastardly actions of a mysterious society called "the League".

Wrykyn School appears again in The White Feather (1907) and as the setting of the first half of Mike (1909). It is also mentioned occasionally in later Wodehouse works.

Tarring and feathering
Tarring and feathering is a form of public torture where a victim is stripped naked, or stripped to the waist, while wood tar is either poured or painted onto the person. The victim then either has feathers thrown on them or is rolled around on a pile of feathers so that they stick to the tar.

Used to enforce unofficial justice or revenge, it was used in medieval Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a form of vigilante justice. The image of a tarred-and-feathered outlaw remains a metaphor for severe public criticism.

Tarring and feathering was a very common punishment in British colonies in North America during 1766 through 1776. The most famous American tarring and feathering is that of John Malcolm, a British Loyalist, during the American Revolution.
Primera División de Fútbol Profesional – Clausura 2015
The Clausura 2015 season was the 34th edition of El Salvador's Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador since its establishment of an Apertura and Clausura format. Isidro Metapán were the defending champions. The league consisted of 10 teams, each playing a home and away game against the other clubs for a total of 18 games, respectively. The top four teams at the end of the regular season will take part of the playoffs.

Apertura and Clausura
The Apertura ([apeɾˈtuɾa]) and Clausura ([klawˈsuɾa]) tournaments is a split season format for Spanish-speaking sports leagues. It is a relatively recent innovation for many Latin American football leagues in which the traditional association football season from August to May is divided in two sections per season, each with its own champion.  Apertura and Clausura are the Spanish words for "opening" and "closing".  In French-speaking Haiti, these are known as the Ouverture and the Fermeture, while in English-speaking Belize, they are respectively the Opening and Closing seasons. When used in the United States and Canada, they are known as the Spring Championship and Fall Championship (French: Championnat de printemps; Championnat d'automne).
Louis Davout d'Auerstedt
Louis Nicolas Marie Bernard Davout (24 March 1877 in Clermont-Ferrand – 1 March 1958 in Saint-Gaudens) was the 4th Duc d'Auerstaedt from 1904 to his death.

He is the son of Léopold Davout (1829–1904), 3rd Duc d'Auerstaedt from 1864 to his death, and Alice de Voize (1845–1935).

On 20 February 1902, in Paris, he married Hélène Eugénie Françoise Marie Étignard de la Faulotte (10 September 1880 in Paris – 24 January 1946 in Bellozanne (Bellozane is a part of Brémontier-Merval)), and had issue, fourteen children (five sons and nine daughters).

He was mayor of Brémontier-Merval (Seine-Inférieure, Upper Normandy) from 1928 to 1945, after his father-in-law Henri Étignard de La Faulotte, mayor from 1881 to 1928.

Upper Normandy
Upper Normandy (French: Haute-Normandie, IPA: [ot nɔʁmɑ̃di] ⓘ; Norman: Ĥâote-Normaundie) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, Upper and Lower Normandy merged becoming one region called Normandy.
Dean Hargrove
Dean Hargrove (born July 27, 1938) is an American television producer, writer, and director. His background includes graduating from the St. John's Military School, Wichita State University, and attending the UCLA Film School as a graduate student. He specializes in creating mystery series. He frequently worked with television producer Fred Silverman and television writer Joel Steiger.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Davis Square (Chicago)
Davis Square is a public park located between 44th and 45th Streets and Marshfield and Hermitage Avenues in the New City community area of Chicago, Illinois. The park opened in 1905 as one of the initial parks in the South Park Commission's plan to build parks in the dense, poor neighborhoods of Chicago's South Side. It was named for Nathan Smith Davis, a Chicago physician and one of the founders of the American Medical Association. As they did for most of the South Park Commission's parks, the Olmsted Brothers designed Davis Square's landscape, while D. H. Burnham and Company designed its facilities. The park initially included a Beaux-Arts styled fieldhouse, a swimming pool and pool house, baseball fields, and walking paths.

The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 18, 2003.

Nathan Smith Davis
Nathan Smith Davis Sr., M.D., LLD (January 9, 1817 – June 16, 1904) was a physician who was instrumental in the establishment of the American Medical Association and was twice elected its president. He became the first editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Helene Deutsch
Helene Deutsch (German: [dɔʏtʃ]; née Helena Rosenbach; 9 October 1884 – 29 March 1982) was a Polish-American psychoanalyst and colleague of Sigmund Freud. She founded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1935, she immigrated to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she maintained a practice. Deutsch was one of the first psychoanalysts to specialize in women. She was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.

Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.
Rafika Marzouk
Rafika Marzouk (رفيقة مرزوق), born 27 October 1979 in Sousse, is a Tunisian handball player. She plays as captain at right wing for Nantes Loire Atlantique Handball in the top division of the French league Championnat de France de handball féminin  and in the Tunisian national team.

Marzouk played for Tunisia in the African Women's Handball Championships in 2010 and 2012 in which the team was runner-up, and in 2014 in which it won the tournament.

She also played for Tunisia at the World Women's Handball Championship in 2011 in Brazil.

2014 African Women's Handball Championship
The 2014 African Women's Handball Championship was the 21st edition of the African Women's Handball Championship, held in Algiers and Chéraga, Algeria, from 16 to 25 January 2014. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.
Utricularia geoffrayi
Utricularia geoffrayi is a small, probably perennial, terrestrial carnivorous plant in the family Lentibulariaceae. It is native to Australia, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. It was originally published and described by François Pellegrin in 1920. It grows as a terrestrial plant among short grasses in or around rice fields at altitudes from sea level to 1,300 m (4,265 ft). It has been collected in flower between September and December.

Utricularia ramosissima from Ubon Ratchathani Province in northeastern Thailand was described as a separate species. It is regarded as a synonym of U. geoffrayi.

Lentibulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: Genlisea, the corkscrew plants; Pinguicula, the butterworts; and Utricularia, the bladderworts.

The genera Polypompholyx (two species of pink petticoats or fairy aprons) and Biovularia used to be regarded as fourth and fifth members of this family. Biovularia has been subsumed into Utricularia, and Polypompholyx has been relegated to a subgenus of Utricularia. Placement of the family used to be in the Scrophulariales, which has been merged with Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system.
Elgin Falls
Elgin Falls is a waterfall in Sri Lanka, located in the Elgin tea estate, which is 18 km (11 mi) from Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. The waterfall is 25 m (82 ft) in height. Elgin Falls is named after Elgin,  a major town of Moray in Scotland. The falls are at about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level. There are several ways to access the waterfall. When traveling by railway between Nanu Oya and Ambewela, the falls can be seen picturesquely.

Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya (Sinhala: නුවර එළිය [nuwərə ɛlijə]; Tamil: நுவரெலியா [nʉʋəɾɛlɪjɑː]) is a city in the hill country of the Central Province, Sri Lanka. Its name means "city on the plain (table land)" or "city of light". The city is the administrative capital of Nuwara Eliya District, with a picturesque landscape and temperate climate. It is at an altitude of 1,868 m (6,128 ft) and is considered to be the most important location for tea production in Sri Lanka. The city is overlooked by Pidurutalagala, the tallest mountain in Sri Lanka. Nuwara Eliya is known for its temperate, cool climate – the coolest area in Sri Lanka.
Super app
A super app or super-app (also called everything app) is a mobile or web application that can provide multiple services including payment and instant messaging services, effectively becoming an all-encompassing, self-contained, commerce and communication online platform that embraces many aspects of personal and commercial life. Notable examples of super apps include Tencent's WeChat in China, Tata Neu in India, Grab in Southeast Asia and Max in Russia.

For end users, a super app is an application that provides a set of core features while also giving access to independently developed miniapps. For app developers, a super app is an application integrated with the capabilities of platforms and ecosystems that allows third-parties to develop and publish miniapps.

Tata Group
The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian  multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate.

Tata Group comprises numerous affiliate companies, with Tata Sons as the holding company and promoter. As of August 2025, there are 29 publicly listed affiliate companies, with a combined market capitalisation of ₹37.84 trillion (US$446 billion).
Rotkreuz railway station
Rotkreuz railway station (German: Bahnhof Rotkreuz) is a railway station in the municipality of Risch-Rotkreuz, in the Swiss canton of Zug. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Rupperswil–Immensee and Zug–Lucerne lines of Swiss Federal Railways.

Zug–Lucerne railway
The Zug–Luzern railway is a mainline railway line in Switzerland, connecting the cities of Zug and Lucerne. It was opened on 1 June 1864 by the Zürich–Zug–Lucerne Railway (Zürich-Zug-Luzern-Bahn). The Zürich–Zug railway was opened by the same company at the same time.
Iru hillfort
The Iru hillfort (Estonian: Iru linnamägi or Iru Linnapära) is an ancient hillfort located in Tallinn, Estonia. First established in the Bronze Age, it was a  major hillfort in Ancient Estonia, and is on the banks of the Pirita river near to Estonia's northern coast.

The Iru hillfort was at the height of its prosperity during the Viking Age, before starting to decline in the 10th century as settlement grew in Tallinn Old Town. Iru is commonly described as the predecessor of the modern Estonian capital Tallinn, and today lies within Tallinn's city limits.

Ancient Estonia
Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering the History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades.
Nathan Sales
Nathan Alexander Sales is an American lawyer, academic, and government official who served as the coordinator for counterterrorism and special envoy to the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS within the U.S. Department of State from 2017 to 2021. Prior to public service he was an associate professor at Syracuse University College of Law, where his fields of research included national security law, counterterrorism law, administrative law, and constitutional law. Sales was also of counsel at the law firm Kirkland & Ellis.

Sales was also delegated the duties of under secretary of state for civilian security, democracy, and human rights between September 2017 and December 2020.

Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights
The under secretary for civilian security, democracy, and human rights is a position within the U.S. Department of State that leads the State Department's efforts to prevent and counter threats to civilian security. The under secretary oversees the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, the Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy, the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, the Office of Global Criminal Justice, and the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.

Previously known as the under secretary for democracy and global affairs, the position was renamed in 2012, during the Obama administration.

On April 22, 2025, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that the position will be abolished.
Keith James Topping
Keith James Topping (born 1 October 1947) is a researcher in education. He designs intervention programs for teachers, parents and others to help children, then researches whether and how they work.

The public impact of his research work has been reported over the last 35 years in national and international newspapers and on radio, television  and in news media online.

He is a professor of educational and social research at the University of Dundee, and an author of 26 books and over 400 academic peer reviewed journal papers, distance learning resources and other publications.

He is also a speaker and presenter (e.g. at the University of Exeter).

His main research interests are language and literacy, peer tutoring and other forms of peer learning, parents as educators, problematic behavior and social competence, computer assisted learning and assessment, and inclusion.

Peer learning
One of the most visible approaches to peer learning comes out of cognitive psychology, and is applied within a "mainstream" educational framework: "Peer learning is an educational practice in which students interact with other students to attain educational goals." Other authors including David Boud describe peer learning as a way of moving beyond independent to interdependent or mutual learning among peers. In this context, it can be compared to the practices that go by the name cooperative learning. However, other contemporary views on peer learning relax the constraints, and position "peer-to-peer learning" as a mode of "learning for everyone, by everyone, about almost anything."  Whether it takes place in a formal or informal learning context, in small groups or online, peer learning manifests aspects of self-organization that are mostly absent from pedagogical models of teaching and learning.
Robert Jay Charlson
Robert Jay Charlson (September 30, 1936 – September 28, 2021) was an American atmospheric scientist, climate scientist, pioneer in the fields of climate forcing and climate change, and coauthor of the CLAW hypothesis. Charlson is known for his research in atmospheric chemistry, aerosol physics, aerosol/cloud/climate interaction, aerosol and cloud instrumentation.

Nephelometer
A nephelometer or aerosol photometer is an instrument for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. A nephelometer measures suspended particulates by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam. Particle density is then a function of the light reflected into the detector from the particles. To some extent, how much light reflects for a given density of particles is dependent upon properties of the particles such as their shape, color, and reflectivity. Nephelometers are calibrated to a known particulate, then use environmental factors (k-factors)  to compensate lighter or darker colored dusts accordingly. K-factor is determined by the user by running the nephelometer next to an air sampling pump and comparing results. There are a wide variety of research-grade nephelometers on the market as well as open source varieties.