hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akhilesh Pratap Singh
Akhilesh Pratap Singh (born 21 May 1960) is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. He represented the Rudrapur constituency of Uttar Pradesh until 2017 and is a member and spokesperson for the Indian National Congress party.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel
Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel (28 June 1557 – 19 October 1595) was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Howard lived mainly during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I; he was charged with being a Roman Catholic, quitting England without leave, and sharing in Jesuit plots. For this, he was sent to the Tower of London in 1585. Howard spent ten years in the Tower, until his death from dysentery.

Attainder
In English common law, attainder was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs. Anyone condemned of capital crimes could be attainted, sometimes as a substitute for the dreaded common law treason.

Attainder by confession resulted from a guilty plea at the bar before judges or before the coroner in sanctuary. Attainder by verdict resulted from conviction by jury. Attainder by process resulted from a legislative act outlawing a fugitive (a bill of attainder). The last form is obsolete in England (and prohibited in the United States), and the other forms have been abolished.
George J. Trautman III
George Joseph Trautman III is a retired U.S. Marine Lieutenant General served as the Deputy Commandant for Aviation of the United States Marine Corps from 2007 to 2011. He retired from active duty military service on March 31, 2011.

Deputy Commandant for Aviation
The Deputy Commandant for Aviation (DCA) is the United States Marine Corps' principal advisor on all aviation matters and is the spokesperson for Marine Corps Aviation programs, requirements, and strategy throughout the Department of the Navy and the Department of Defense. DCA is normally the highest-ranking naval aviator in the Marine Corps and reports directly to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.  The role of DCA is an administrative position and has no operational command authority over United States Marine Corps Aviation forces.

DCA tour lengths have varied over the years based on war time requirements and personnel turnover.  For the last two decades, typical tour lengths have been approximately three years.  The billet is normally held by a lieutenant general.  DCA and Headquarters Marine Corps Aviation work out of The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia.
Momaymora
Momaymora or Momaimora village is located in Rapar Tehsil of Kutch district in Gujarat, India. It is situated 31 km away from taluka headquarter Rapar and 175 km away from district headquarter Bhuj. Pin code of village is 370445. The village gets its name from temple of Goddess Momai, whose chief temple is located in village and one of pilgrimage site of Kutch, where fair is held in Navratri

Bhuj
Bhuj (Gujarati: [bʰudʒ] ⓘ) is a city and the headquarters of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was the capital of Cutch State, which was a princely state before it was merged into the Indian Union in 1947.
Helsfyr-Sinsen
Helsfyr-Sinsen was a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway, from 1988 to January 1, 2004, when it was split up and merged into Alna and Gamle Oslo boroughs. It consisted of the neighborhoods Helsfyr, Teisen, Etterstad, Keyserløkka, Lille Tøyen, Valle, Løren, Carl Berners plass, Rosenhoff and Sinsen.

Carl Berners plass
Carl Berners plass is a square in Oslo, Norway. It is located in the borough Helsfyr, south of Sinsen. The Sinsen Line of the Oslo Tramway runs over the square. The colloquial expression for the square is just "Carl Berner". Around the square is a large number of shops as well as inexpensive restaurants. At the southern end of the area is the large Tøyen Park.
Lusignan, Vienne
Lusignan (French pronunciation: [lyziɲɑ̃]) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
It lies 25 km southwest of Poitiers. The inhabitants are called Mélusins and Mélusines.

Vienne (department)
Vienne (French pronunciation: [vjɛn] ⓘ vyen; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Viéne) is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.
Nerl (urban-type settlement)
Nerl is an urban-type settlement (township) (since 1927) in Russia, Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, the administrative center of Nerlian urban settlement. Population: 2,016 (2021 Census); 2,052 (2010 Census); 2,373 (2002 Census); 3,194 (1989 Soviet census).

Teykovsky District
Teykovsky District (Russian: Те́йковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,275 square kilometers (492 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Teykovo (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 10,614 (2021 Census); 12,232 (2010 Census); 14,418 (2002 Census); 19,287 (1989 Soviet census).
Dog writer
A dog writer is someone who writes about dogs, such as reporting on dog shows or creating written dog training guides. Additional roles of dog writers include breed features in dog-focused publications, pet care columns, and human interest stories involving dogs.

The term was first used in 1935, when the Dog Writers Association was established. They state 'Some 70 years ago, there was no such thing as a dog writer. There were newsmen and newswomen and magazine writers. Most of the papers assigned sportswriters, reporters, and even copyboys, to cover dog shows. Still, these were the ones who made the dog world an indelible part of our popular culture by writing about dogs on the sports pages of most papers.'

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
5F-EMB-PINACA
5F-EMB-PINACA (also known as EMB-5F-PINACA according to the EMCCDA framework for naming synthetic cannabinoids and 5F-AEB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family that has been sold online as a designer drug.

It was first reported by the EMCDDA as part of a seizure of 149 grams of white powder in Sweden in April 2015.

European Union Drugs Agency
The European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA), known until 2024 as the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), is an agency of the European Union headquartered in Lisbon, Portugal, and established in 1993.

In June 2022, the Council of the European Union approved a reform of the organization which lead to an extension of its mandate.

The EUDA strives to be the "reference point" on drug usage for the European Union's member states, and to deliver "factual, objective, reliable and comparable information" about drug usage, drug addiction and related health complications, including hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Though the EUDA primarily serves Europe, it also works with other partners, scientists and policy-makers around the world.
Veronika Swidrak
Veronika "Vroni" Swidrak (born 12 December 1971) is an Austrian ski mountaineer.

Swidrak started ski mountaineering in the police ski rally team in 1996 and competed first in the Rally del Pizzo Scalino in the same year. She has been member of the ASKIMO national team since 2008 and lives in Radfeld.

Ski mountaineering
Ski mountaineering (abbreviated to skimo) is a skiing discipline that involves climbing mountains either on skis or carrying them, depending on the steepness of the ascent, and then descending on skis. There are two major categories of equipment used: free-heel telemark skis and skis based on alpine skis, where the heel is free for ascents, but is fixed during descent. The discipline may be practiced recreationally or as a competitive sport.

Competitive ski mountaineering is typically a timed racing event that follows an established trail through challenging winter alpine terrain while passing through a series of checkpoints. Racers climb and descend under their own power using backcountry skiing equipment and techniques. More generally, ski mountaineering is an activity that variously combines ski touring, telemark, backcountry skiing, and mountaineering.

Ski mountaineering made its debut as an Olympic Games event in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Wolff-Michael Roth
Wolff-Michael Roth (born June 28, 1953, Heidelberg) is a learning scientist at the University of Victoria (emeritus) conducting research on how people across the life span know and learn mathematics and science. He has contributed to numerous fields of research: learning science in learning communities, coteaching, authentic school science education, cultural-historical activity theory, social studies of science, gesture studies, qualitative research methods, embodied cognition, situated cognition, and the role of language in learning science and mathematics.

Learning sciences
Learning sciences (LS) is an interdisciplinary field of study dedicated to the empirical investigation of learning, exploration of what might be important for people to learn and why, engagement in the design and implementation of learning innovations, and the improvement of instructional methodologies. LS research traditionally focuses on cognitive-psychological, sociocultural, and critical theoretical foundations of human learning, as well as practical design of learning environments. Major contributing fields include cognitive science, computer science, educational psychology, anthropology, and applied linguistics. Over the past decade, LS researchers have expanded their focus to include informal learning environments, instructional methods, policy innovations, and the design of curricula.
Charti Lal Goel
Charti Lal Goel  (1927 – 16 August 2016) was an Indian politician and leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Delhi.

He was Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from 1993 to 1998. He was associated with Bharatiya Jan Sangh and was jailed in 1975 in the Emergency.

He died at the age of 89 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi. He is survived by his wife, three sons, including former Union Sports Minister Vijay Goel, and two daughters.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh; lit. 'All-India People's Union') was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre, and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of the erstwhile Jan Sangh quit Janata Party after its defeat in the 1980 general election and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. In Bihar, Ramdeo Mahto considered as founding leader of Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar, because he brought BJP Into the power in Bihar, he elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency.
Thomas St Leger
Thomas St Leger, Archdeacon of Kells, was the son of Ralph St. Leger, of a long established Anglo-Norman family; his mother belonged to the de Malemains family. He was elected Bishop of Meath before 5 November 1282, but was not successful in holding possession of the See, reportedly because of his Norman blood.He took his claim to Rome, where he was eventually appointed by Pope Honorius IV on 12 July 1286. He was consecrated on 3 November 1287; and died in office in December 1320, after a long and painful illness. He was active in the early 1290s in raising money for the Crusades. He acted as a justice in eyre (circuit)in County Tipperary. He was renowned for fiercely upholding his Episcopal rights, and for extending the powers and privileges of his Diocese, but he was also famed for his courtesy.

Pope Honorius IV
Pope Honorius IV (born Giacomo Savelli; c. 1210 — 3 April 1287) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 April 1285 to his death on 3 April 1287. His election followed the death of Pope Martin IV and was notable for its speed; he was chosen unanimously on the first ballot. Honorius IV's papacy occurred during a tumultuous period marked by political strife and conflict in Sicily, where he sought to navigate complex relationships with various rulers while maintaining papal authority. During his pontificate he continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor. He is the most recent pope to take the pontifical name "Honorius" upon election, after his granduncle Pope Honorius III.
Azimuth (album)
Azimuth is the debut album by British jazz trio Azimuth recorded in March 1977 and released on ECM later that year. The trio consists of pianist John Taylor, vocalist Norma Winstone, and trumpeter Kenny Wheeler.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
1883 Scottish Cup final
The 1883 Scottish Cup final was the 10th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1882–83 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2–2 draw - was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 31 March 1883 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators. For the first time in the competition's history, the final was contested by two teams from outside Glasgow - Dumbarton, who had never won the cup before, and three-time winners Vale of Leven.

The replay took place at the same venue on 7 April 1883 in front of 8,000 spectators. Dumbarton won the competition for the first - and so far only - time after they beat Vale of Leven 2–1.

This was the last Scottish Cup final to be held at the first Hampden Park before it was demolished by the Caledonian Railway to make way for the Cathcart District Railway.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Barry Stevens (therapist)
Barry Stevens (1902–1985) was an American writer and Gestalt therapist.  She developed her own form of Gestalt therapy body work, based on the awareness of body processes. For the Human Potential Movement of the 1970s, she became a kind of "star", but she always refused to accept that role.

She worked with, among others, the psychotherapists Fritz Perls and Carl Rogers. Bertrand Russell and Aldous Huxley were among her friends.  Fritz Perls described Barry Stevens as "a natural born therapist."

Awareness
In psychology and philosophy, awareness is the perception or knowledge of something. The concept is often synonymous with consciousness; however, one can be aware of something without being explicitly conscious of it (e.g., blindsight).

The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience, so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience.
1990 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1990 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 55th staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 17 December 1989. The championship ran from 21 April to 14 October 1990.

The final was played on 14 October 1990 at Sam Maguire Park in Dunmanway, between Macroom and Castletownbere, in what was their first ever final meeting. Macroom won the match by 2–10 to 1–07 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in eight years.

Dunmanway
Dunmanway (Irish: Dúnmaonmhuí, official Irish name: Dún Mánmhaí) is a market town in County Cork, in the southwest of Ireland. It is the geographical centre of the region known as West Cork. It is the birthplace of Sam Maguire, an Irish Protestant republican, for whom the trophy of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is named. The town centre is built on and around two rivers, which are tributaries of the larger River Bandon, which passes by at the east end of the town.

The town is twinned with Quéven, France. Dunmanway won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1982. The town came to national and international attention in 2009 when Liverpool Football Club played a pre-season soccer friendly in the area.

The population of Dunmanway at the 2011 census was 1,585, rising to 1,964 by the 2022 census.
1883 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1883 include South Island takahe, Goldie's bird-of-paradise, black-crowned waxbill, marsh seedeater, peruvian plantcutter,  saffron siskin, Tanimbar boobook, black-bibbed monarch, cinnamon-tailed fantail, flutist wren, Kolombangara monarch, slaty-headed longbill, Green-and-white hummingbird, large-billed parrotlet, grey-bellied comet

Kolombangara monarch
The Kolombangara monarch (Symposiachrus browni), or Brown's monarch, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is endemic to Solomon Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the Vella Lavella monarch.
Deaths in December 1996
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 1996.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
Arne Hyttnes
Arne Hyttnes (born 29 June 1950) is a Norwegian banker.

He hails from Lesjaskog, and graduated from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration with the siv.øk. degree in 1975. He started his career in Arthur Andersen & Co in 1975, and was then hired in Den norske Creditbank in 1976. He was the bank's regional director in Oslo in the 1980s. The bank was bought by Bergen Bank which was bought by Den norske Bank. In the latter company he became regional director in Innlandet, based in Gjøvik. In 1997 he was appointed as the managing director of the Norwegian Industrial and Regional Development Fund. He remained here until 2002, when he was hired as managing director in the Norwegian Savings Banks Association. In late 2009 he was selected to double as managing director of the new organization Finance Norway. He is also the manager for the Norwegian Banks' Guarantee Fund.

He still resides in Gjøvik.

Den norske Creditbank
Den norske Creditbank or DnC is a defunct Norwegian commercial bank created in 1857. In 1990 it merged with Bergen Bank to create Den norske Bank (DnB). The bank was based in Oslo and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.
Mondo Gascaro
Ramondo Gascaro (better known as Mondo Gascaro, born 22 August 1975) is an Indonesian musician, singer-songwriter, music director, and record producer.

Gascaro first gained widespread recognition as one of the founding members of the music group Sore. After leaving the group, he continued his career as a solo artist. He is also known as a music director and soundtrack producer for various Indonesian films.

Sore (band)
Sore (pronounced [sore], often stylized as SORE) is an Indonesian indie band formed in Jakarta in 2002. The band was originally formed by Ade Paloh, Mondo Gascaro and Awan Garnida. They have been close friends since childhood. Other two members, Bemby Gusti and Reza Dwiputranto, were brought in by Awan Garnida.
11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
The 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka, known officially as the 4th Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, was a meeting of the Parliament of Sri Lanka, with the membership determined by the results of the 2000 parliamentary election held on 10 October 2000. The parliament met for the first time on 18 October 2000 and was dissolved on 10 October 2001.

Chief minister (Sri Lanka)
Chief ministers in Sri Lanka are elected heads of the provincial boards of ministers, bodies which aid and advice the governors, the heads of the provincial government, in the exercise of their executive power. The governor appoints as chief minister a member of the provincial council who, in his opinion, commands the support of a majority of that council. There are nine chief ministerial positions in the country, all nine are currently vacant and under the governor's direct rule.
Malus–Dupin theorem
The Malus–Dupin theorem is a theorem in geometrical optics discovered by Étienne-Louis Malus in 1808 and clarified by Charles Dupin in 1822. Hamilton proved it as a simple application of his Hamiltonian optics method.

Consider a pencil of light rays in a homogenous medium that is perpendicular to some surface. Pass the pencil of rays through an arbitrary amount of reflections and refractions, then let it emerge in some other homogenous medium. The theorem states that the resulting pencil of light rays is still perpendicular to some other surface.

Charles Dupin
Baron Pierre Charles François Dupin (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ʃaʁl fʁɑ̃swa dypɛ̃]; 6 October 1784, Varzy, Nièvre – 18 January 1873, Paris, France) was a French Catholic mathematician, engineer, economist and politician, particularly known for work in the field of mathematics, where the Dupin cyclide and Dupin indicatrix are named after him; and for his work in the field of statistical and thematic mapping. In 1826 he created the earliest known choropleth map.