hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Otto Herz
Alfred Otto Herz (14 October 1856 in Hoyerswerda, Silesia – 12 July 1905) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.
He was employed  as a collector and preparator by the Otto Staudinger - Andreas Bang-Haas insect dealership in Dresden.

Otto Herz went on entomological expeditions to  Transcaucasia, Buchara, Persia, Kamchatka, Yakutia (on a mammoth-collecting expedition), China, Korea, Japan, Hainan, and Siam partly funded by Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanoff who also purchased material directly from Herz or through Staundinger.

Many of the Lepidoptera collected by Herz were described by Sergei Alphéraky. His collected insects are in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science (including the Romanoff insects) other than that sold elsewhere by the dealership.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
2019 Nigeria Professional Football League
The 2019 Nigeria Professional Football League was the 29th season of the Nigeria Professional Football League, the top-tier football league in Nigeria, since the rebranding of the league as the "Professional League", and the 48th season of top-division football in Nigeria since its establishment in 1972. The season started on 13 January 2019.

Nigeria Premier Football League
The Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) (formerly the Nigeria Professional Football League) is the highest level of club football in Nigerian football league system. The Nigerian Premier League has suffered like many others, from the financial impact and dwindling fortunes since the late 2000s. It is fed into by the Nigeria National League (NNL). It is organized by the Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) Board headed by Gbenga Elegbeleye.
Cape Filchner
Cape Filchner is an ice-covered cape fronting on Davis Sea, 17 miles west-northwest (WNW) of Adams Island. Cape Filchner is located at 66°27′S 91°54′E﻿ / ﻿66.450°S 91.900°E﻿ / -66.450; 91.900. Cape Filchner is the division between Wilhelm II Coast and Queen Mary Coast. Cape Filchner was discovered by the Australian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914) under Sir Douglas Mawson, who named it for Wilhelm Filchner, leader of the German Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1912.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Salt Lake City bids for the Winter Olympics
Salt Lake City, Utah, has been chosen on four occasions by the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) as the United States candidate city to bid for the Winter Olympic Games. It has been chosen by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the host city twice, holding the 2002 Winter Olympics and preparing to host the 2034 Winter Olympics.

The Salt Lake Tribune
The Salt Lake Tribune is a newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tribune is owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The newspaper's motto is "Utah's Independent Voice Since 1871."
Allegro Grandi
Allegro Grandi (17 January 1907 – 23 April 1973) was an Italian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Grandi committed suicide in his bicycle shop in Caracas in 1973.

Cycling at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team time trial, a part of the cycling events at the 1928 Summer Olympics, took place in Amsterdam. The team event was simply an aggregation of results from the individual time trial event, with the best three times for each nation being added to give a team score.
Caenlochan
Caenlochan (Scottish Gaelic: Cadha an Lochain) is a glen in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. Under EU Natura 2000 legislation it is a Special Area of Conservation for botanical reasons, containing plant communities found nowhere else in the UK. It is also a Special Protection Area for birds including the dotterel.

Glas Maol
Glas Maol (Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghlas-Mheall) is a mountain in the Mounth, in the southeastern part of the Highlands of Scotland. The broad, flat summit is divided between the council area of Aberdeenshire, Angus and Perth and Kinross, though the highest point lies wholly within Angus; indeed Glas Maol is the highest point in that council area. Glas Maol is both a Munro and a Marilyn. The western slopes of Glas Maol form part of the Glenshee Ski Centre ski area. The most common route of ascent goes through the slopes, starting from the highest point of the A93 road, the Cairnwell pass. This is the highest public road in Scotland; hence only around 400 m of ascent is involved. Glas Maol is often climbed in conjunction with Creag Leacach to the south or Cairn of Claise to the north. The broad ridge linking these peaks is topped by a dry-stone dyke, which approximately corresponds to the border of the Angus council area.
Pólya conjecture
In number theory, the Pólya conjecture (or Pólya's conjecture) stated that "most" (i.e., 50% or more) of the natural numbers less than any given number have an odd number of prime factors. The conjecture was set forth by the Hungarian mathematician George Pólya in 1919, and proven false in 1958 by C. Brian Haselgrove. Though mathematicians typically refer to this statement as the Pólya conjecture, Pólya never actually conjectured that the statement was true; rather, he showed that the truth of the statement would imply the Riemann hypothesis. For this reason, it is more accurately called "Pólya's problem".

The size of the smallest counterexample is often used to demonstrate the fact that a conjecture can be true for many cases and still fail to hold in general, providing an illustration of the strong law of small numbers.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
Benson Mines
The Benson Mine is an iron-ore mine located near Star Lake, a village in the southern St. Lawrence County, New York.

The ore body at Benson Mine was discovered in 1810 by engineers conducting a survey for a new military road from Albany to Ogdensburg.  In the 1950s, the mine was considered the largest open-pit iron-ore mine in the world.  The mine was finally closed in 1978.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Barbara Špiler
Barbara Špiler (born 2 January 1992 in Brežice, Slovenia) is a Slovenian athlete who competes in the hammer throw. Špiler represented Slovenia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she finished 29th in the qualification round.

She participated in the 2013 and 2019 World Championships, and the 2012, 2014 and 2016 European Championships.

2016 European Athletics Championships
The 2016 European Athletics Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between 6 and 10 July 2016. It was the first time the Netherlands hosted the event.

Due to 2016 being an Olympic year, there was no racewalking and the marathon competition was replaced by half marathon. The Russian team did not participate due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, Yuliya Stepanova was individually cleared by the IAAF to compete as an independent athlete; she participated in the European championships under the flag of the European Athletic Association.

Germany and Great Britain topped the medal table with 16, with Poland winning 12 medals.
Poland won and topped the victory column with 6 gold medals (Germany & Great Britain tied with 5).
Classification of Clifford algebras
In abstract algebra, in particular in the theory of nondegenerate quadratic forms on vector spaces, the finite-dimensional real and complex Clifford algebras for a nondegenerate quadratic form have been completely classified as rings. In each case, the Clifford algebra is algebra isomorphic to a full matrix ring over R, C, or H (the quaternions), or to a direct sum of two copies of such an algebra, though not in a canonical way. Below it is shown that distinct Clifford algebras may be algebra-isomorphic, as is the case of Cl1,1(R) and Cl2,0(R), which are both isomorphic as rings to the ring of two-by-two matrices over the real numbers.

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
CUT&Tag sequencing
CUT&Tag-sequencing, also known as cleavage under targets and tagmentation, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA. CUT&Tag-sequencing combines antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by a protein A-Tn5 fusion with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. It can be used to map global DNA binding sites precisely for any protein of interest. Currently, ChIP-Seq is the most common technique utilized to study protein–DNA relations, however, it suffers from a number of practical and economical limitations that CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag sequencing do not. CUT&Tag sequencing is an improvement over CUT&RUN because it does not require cells to be lysed or chromatin to be fractionated. CUT&RUN is not suitable for single-cell platforms so CUT&Tag is advantageous for these.

Binding site
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity.  The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction), enzyme substrates, second messengers, hormones, or allosteric modulators.  The binding event is often, but not always, accompanied by a conformational change that alters the protein's function.  Binding to protein binding sites is most often reversible (transient and non-covalent), but can also be covalent reversible or irreversible.
Fagne-Famenne
Fagne-Famenne is a natural region in southern Belgium and northern France. It consists of The Fagne or la Fagne west of the river Meuse, and Famenne to the east. The two regions are often grouped together because they are quite similar both geographically and naturally.

50°10′N 4°51′E﻿ / ﻿50.17°N 4.85°E﻿ / 50.17; 4.85

Natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.

From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and fauna of the region are likely to be influenced by its geographical and geological factors, such as soil and water availability, in a significant manner. Thus most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystems. Human impact can be an important factor in the shaping and destiny of a particular natural region.
Koji Yamase
Koji Yamase (山瀬 功治, Yamase Kōji; born 22 September 1981) is a Japanese football player who plays for Renofa Yamaguchi FC. His father Isao Yamase participated in the 1984 Winter Olympics as a biathlete. His brother Yukihiro Yamase is also a footballer.

Renofa Yamaguchi FC
Renofa Yamaguchi FC (レノファ山口, Renofa Yamaguchi Efu Shī) is a Japanese professional football club based in Yamaguchi, the capital of Yamaguchi Prefecture. They set to play in J3 League from 2026–27, the third tier of professional football in Japan's football league system after relegation from J2 League in 2025.
Punta Ostiones Site
Punta Ostiones Site, also known as Ostiones CR-06, is an archaeological site located in or near Punta Ostiones, in the southwestern Puerto Rican municipality of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Ostiones CR-06 was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 2004, due to being one of the type sites of the Ostionoid culture (600–1500 AD), a Pre-Columbian archaeological culture represented by the Taino people during its latter stages.

The archaeological site consists of a large coastal village, occupied by the Ostionoid culture during the transition period between IIB to III and throughout all of Period III (450–1200 AD). Punta Ostiones deposits have been impacted by natural and cultural processes, nevertheless the site still possess the integrity aspects of location, design, materials and association.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Riemann–Liouville integral
In mathematics, the Riemann–Liouville integral associates with a real function  another function Iα f of the same kind for each value of the parameter α > 0. The integral is a manner of generalization of the repeated antiderivative of f in the sense that for positive integer values of α, Iα f is an iterated antiderivative of f of order α. The Riemann–Liouville integral is named for Bernhard Riemann and Joseph Liouville, the latter of whom was the first to consider the possibility of fractional calculus in 1832. The operator agrees with the Euler transform, after Leonhard Euler, when applied to analytic functions. It was generalized to arbitrary dimensions by Marcel Riesz, who introduced the Riesz potential.

Analytic function
In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions.

A function is analytic if and only if for every  in its domain, its Taylor series about  converges to the function in some neighborhood of ⁠⁠. This is stronger than merely being infinitely differentiable at ⁠⁠, and therefore having a well-defined Taylor series; the Fabius function is an example of a function that is infinitely differentiable but not analytic.
Andreas Thiel (bishop)
Andreas Thiel (28 September 1826 – 17 July 1908) was a Bishop of Ermland (Polish: Warmia) in East Prussia from 1885–1908.

Thiel was born in Lokau (Tłokowo, Gmina Jeziorany,  Olsztyn County) in the district of Rößel (Reszel). After attending the local school of Lokau, Thiel visited the gymnasium in Rößel and Braunsberg (Braniewo), where he started to study Catholic divinity at the Collegium Hosianum. Thiel was ordained in 1849 and gained his doctorate in 1853. In 1855 he habilitated as a Professor of canon law and ecclesiastical history. Thiel was one of the founders of the Historischer Verein für Ermland (historical association for Ermland) and published several treatises about the regional history.

In 1870 he became capitular of the Frauenburg (Frombork) Cathedral and in 1871 vicar general of the Ermland. In 1885 Thiel received the episcopal consecration. He died in Frauenburg.

Gmina Jeziorany
Gmina Jeziorany is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jeziorany, which lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 213.51 square kilometres (82.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,140 (out of which the population of Jeziorany amounts to 3,376, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,764).
Murphy Sheaff
Murphy Lyn Hunt-Sheaff (born September 12, 2003) is a New Zealand college soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Oklahoma State Cowgirls. She previously played for the Jacksonville Dolphins and the Kansas State Wildcats. She was an alternate for New Zealand's squad at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Oklahoma State Cowgirls soccer
The Oklahoma State Cowgirls soccer team represents Oklahoma State University in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. The team was founded in 1996 and is led by 20th year head coach, Colin Carmichael.

The Cowgirls have made 14 appearances in the NCAA Tournament, reaching the quarterfinals twice, in 2010 and 2011. Oklahoma State has also won a total of seven Big 12 conference titles, with the most recent coming in 2019.
Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate
Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate (Arabic: مُحَافَظَة شَمَال ٱلشَّرْقِيَّة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Šamāl aš-Šarqīyah, English: Northeastern Governorate) is a governorate of Oman. It was created on 28 October 2011, when Ash Sharqiyah Region was split into Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate and Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate. The centre of the governorate is the wilāyah (province) of Ibra.

Wilayah
A wilayah (Arabic: وَلاية, romanized: walāya or wilāya, plural wilāyat, wilayat; Urdu, Pashto and Persian: ولایت, romanized: velâyat, welāyat; Turkish: vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli—"governor"—governs a wālāya (or wilāya), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state.
Lan Samantha Chang
Lan Samantha Chang (Chinese: 張嵐; pinyin: Zhāng Lán; born 1965) is an American novelist and short story writer. She is the author of the novel The Family Chao and short story collection Hunger. For her fiction, which explores Chinese American and Taiwanese American experiences, she is a recipient of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Berlin Prize, the PEN Open Book Award and the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.

She is the Elizabeth M. Stanley Professor in the Arts at the University of Iowa and the Director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop since 2005. She is the first woman, and the first Asian American, to hold the position.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."
Noelani Day
Noelani Malia Day (born 24 April 2003) is a Tongan swimmer. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships and she finished in 67th place. In 2021, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

At the age of five, Day moved from the United States to her mother's home village of Holonga, Tonga.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
Terry Durham
Terry Durham (24 September 1936 – 6 December 2013) was an internationally known abstract and figurative artist and poet. Durham was born on 24 September 1936 in East Ardsley, West Yorkshire, where he spent his formative years, and died on 6 December 2013 in the town of Álora, Andalusia, Spain. Mostly self-taught, he studied and was greatly inspired by the works of Paul Klee and other European artists such as Picasso, Gauguin and Matisse. He attended the Leeds College of Art before pursuing painting as his profession.

Paul Klee
Paul Klee (German: [paʊ̯l ˈkleː]; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism.

Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively. His lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory (Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre), published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting was for the Renaissance.

He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.