hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Light dressed state
In the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical science, the term light dressed state refers to a quantum state of an atomic or molecular system interacting with a laser light
in terms of the Floquet picture, i.e. roughly like an atom or a molecule plus a photon. The Floquet picture is based on the Floquet theorem in differential equations with periodic coefficients.

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions, at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts.: 1356   The three areas are closely interrelated.  AMO theory includes classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments.  Typically, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation (light) from excited atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter in general, fall into these categories.
Horse Grenadier Guards
The Horse Grenadier Guards, usually referred to as Horse Grenadiers, were a series of cavalry troops in the British Household Cavalry between 1687 and 1788, who used grenades and other explosives in battle. Originally attached to the Horse Guards, they became independent for a century before being disbanded. However, the men of the troops formed the basis of the new troops of Life Guards.

Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry.

The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a dragon, which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments.
The Fest for Beatles Fans
The Fest for Beatles Fans (previously known as Beatlefest) is a twice-annual, three-day festival that honors the lasting legacy of the Beatles. The festival takes place in the New York metropolitan area, ordinarily in March or April, and in Chicago, Illinois, each August. Running Friday through Sunday, the Fest features special guests, live concerts, exhibits, art contests, a Beatles marketplace, a sound-alike contest, a Battle of the Beatles Bands, and more.

May Pang
May Fung Yee Pang (born October 24, 1950) is an American former music executive. She worked for John Lennon and Yoko Ono as a personal assistant and production coordinator. When Lennon and Ono separated in 1973, Pang and Lennon began a relationship that lasted more than 18 months. Lennon later referred to this time as his "Lost Weekend". Pang published two books about her relationship with Lennon: a memoir, Loving John (Warner, 1983); and a book of photographs, Instamatic Karma (St. Martin's Press, 2008).  A documentary about their relationship, The Lost Weekend: A Love Story, was produced in 2022.

Pang was married to producer Tony Visconti from 1989 to 2000 and has two children.
Cégep du Vieux Montréal
Cégep du Vieux Montréal (French pronunciation: [seʒɛp dy vjø mɔ̃ʁeal]) is a CEGEP (Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel, or College of General and Vocational Education) located at 255 Ontario Street East, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The College of General and Vocational Education is affiliated with the ACCC and CCAA.

Colleges and Institutes Canada
Colleges and Institutes Canada (French: Collèges et instituts Canada), commonly known as CICan, is a national voluntary membership organization representing Canada’s public colleges, institutes, polytechnics, CEGEPs, and Indigenous Institutes of Education. Established in 1972, CICan serves as a coordinating and advocacy body for the public college sector, engaging with the federal government, industry partners, and international organizations.

CICan facilitates collaboration among its members, supports leadership development and applied research, and administers domestic and international programs funded primarily by the Government of Canada. Its headquarters are located in Ottawa, Ontario.
Jessy Moss
Jessy Moss is an Australian-American singer. She was formerly signed to DreamWorks Records. and her songs have appeared in a number of movies and television shows. She is also known for the Armand Van Helden remix of her song "Sugar".

Dance Singles Sales
The Dance Singles Sales was a record chart released weekly by Billboard magazine listing each week's best-selling dance singles in the United States. Its previous names include Hot Dance/Disco 12-inch Singles Sales (1985–1987), Hot Dance Music 12-inch Singles Sales (1987–1992), and Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales (1992–2003). The chart was compiled from a national sample of retail stores, mass merchants, and internet sales reports collected and provided by Nielsen SoundScan. It was launched on the issue dated March 16, 1985, with the first number-one single being "New Attitude"/"Axel F", a split single by Patti LaBelle and Harold Faltermeyer from Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack. The chart became defunct after the issue dated November 30, 2013, with Borgore's "Wild Out" (featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Paige) as its final number-one single.
Rey de Reyes (2002)
The Rey de Reyes 2002 (Spanish for "King of Kings") was the sixth annual Rey de Reyes professional wrestling tournament and show, produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion AAA. The event took place on March 17, 2002, at the Auditorio Benito Juarez de Zapopan in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. The tournament consisted of a semi-final round of four four-man elimination matches and a final match with the winners of each of the semi-finals facing off in an elimination match until only one man remained. The final of the 2002 tournament pitted Canek, Pirata Morgan, Cibernético and Octagón against each other. The show featured two additional matches beyond the five tournament matches.

Cibernético
Octavio López Arreola (born April 12, 1975), better known by the ring name Cibernético, is a Mexican professional wrestler, working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA).

During AAA's short partnership with the World Wrestling Federation, he participated in the 1997 Royal Rumble and wrestled on Raw is War and WWF Shotgun Saturday Night, often teaming with Pierroth Jr. He is a former AAA Mega Champion as well as a former three time Campeón de Campeones, the predecessor to the AAA world championship.
Coach USA
Coach USA, LLC is a holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service, local and commuter bus transit, city sightseeing, tour, yellow school bus, and charter bus service across the United States and Canada. It is owned by the Renco Group.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Achilleas Kaimakli FC
Achilleas Kaimakli FC was a Cypriot football club based in Kaimakli, Nicosia. Founded in 1957, it played in the second, third and fourth divisions. The team dissolved after 1988. The team was part of the sports club Achilleas Kaimakli.

Cypriot Fourth Division
The Cypriot Fourth Division (Greek: Τέταρτη Κατηγορία) was the fourth tier football league competition in Cyprus, ran by the Cyprus Football Association. Each year, the top finishing teams of the league were promoted to the Cypriot Third Division, and the lowest finishing teams were relegated to the amateur leagues.
Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.

David Ellerman
David Patterson Ellerman (born 14 March 1943) is a philosopher and author who works in the fields of economics and political economy, social theory and philosophy, quantum mechanics, and in mathematics.  He has written extensively on workplace democracy based on a modern treatment of the labor theory of property and the theory of inalienable rights as rights based on de facto inalienable capacities.
First Demo
First Demo is a demo album from the post-hardcore band Fugazi released on November 18, 2014, through Dischord Records. It was recorded at Don Zientara's Inner Ear Studios in Arlington, VA and the Dischord House in 1988. It was the band's first studio release in over thirteen years, since the release of The Argument in October 2001. First Demo was released on LP, CD and as a digital download.

Inner Ear Studios
38°50′38″N 77°05′22″W﻿ / ﻿38.8439°N 77.0895°W﻿ / 38.8439; -77.0895

Inner Ear Studios is a recording studio founded in Arlington, Virginia that has been in operation since the late 1970s. Originally started in founder Don Zientara's basement, the studio spent many years on South Oakland St. in Arlington. The studio is now back in Don's basement, and has been in continuous operation for over 40 years. During that time, virtually all of Washington, DC's most widely recognized and acclaimed bands have recorded there. The studio is known for its association with the Washington, D.C. hardcore scene.
Richard Leigh (cricket patron)
Richard Leigh (dates unknown) was an 18th-century English businessman and cricket patron who ran his own R. Leigh's cricket team, which played in nine matches between 1793–95. His son, also Richard Leigh, played in the 1800s, but there is no record of Leigh senior having done so. Leigh, who resided at Wilmington, near Dartford, was an elected (1793) member of the Hambledon Club and also an early member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He was such a prominent match organiser in the 1790s that the Duchess of Gordon reportedly said to him: "Though I am the first, you are the second match-maker in England, Mr Leigh".

Jane Gordon, Duchess of Gordon
Jane Gordon, Duchess of Gordon (née Maxwell; 1748 or 1749 – 14 April 1812) was a Scottish Tory political hostess. Together with her husband Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon, and son George, Marquess of Huntly (the future 5th Duke of Gordon), she founded the Gordon Highlanders, a British Army infantry regiment which existed until 1994.
Quaker Party
The Quaker Party was a political party in the Pennsylvania Colony and later Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. They were affiliated with the Quakers, formally known as the Society of Friends. They dominated the Pennsylvania Assembly until the second half of the eighteenth century.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's super-G
The men's super-G competition of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympics was held on 16 February 2018 at the Jeongseon Alpine Centre in PyeongChang. Originally set to be held on 15 February 2018, the race was rescheduled to 16 February 2018 after high winds forcing the men's downhill race on 11 February 2018 to be moved to 15 February 2018.

In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Paul Tergat, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Peter Schroecksnadel, FIS Council member.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Metropolitan Stores
Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. (often referred to as Met or Metropolitan) was a Canadian variety department store chain based in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

The company was incorporated in 1908 as F.H. Brewster & Company, renamed Metropolitan Stores Ltd. in 1920 and became a newly-formed Canadian corporation as Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. in 1961. At its peak, Metropolitan was one of the four largest variety chain store organizations in Canada with 180 stores in all provinces and territories and also operated junior department and clothing stores under the SAAN, Greenberg and Red Apple banners. The chain's headquarters was located at 1370 Sony Place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and its warehouse distribution centre was situated at 3075 Trans-Canada Highway in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. The chain was subsequently acquired by SAAN in 1997.

Drill bit
A drill bit is a cutting tool used with a drill to remove material and create holes, typically with a circular cross-section. Drill bits are available in various sizes and shapes, designed to produce different types of holes in a wide range of materials. To function, drill bits are usually mounted in a drill, which provides the rotational force needed to cut into the workpiece. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the shank in the chuck.

Drills come in standardized drill bit sizes. A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drills alongside the required screw tap sizes.  There are also certain specialized drill bits that can create holes with a non-circular cross-section.
Danny Noble
Danny Lee Noble Jr. (born March 30, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football for the Toledo Rockets.

Toledo Rockets football
The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS, representing the University of Toledo. The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference. Toledo began playing football in 1917, although it did not field teams in 1931, 1943, 1944, and 1945. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times with its highest finish coming in 1970 when it ranked No. 12 after finishing 12–0. Toledo has a 12–11 record in bowl games.
Sasun Mikayelyan
Sasun Nikoli Mikayelyan (Armenian: Սասուն Միքայելյան; born 7 November 1957) is an Armenian politician and current member of the Armenian National Assembly. He is a founding member of the Civil Contract Party.
During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict he was injured in the frontline by shrapnel in the legs.

Politics of Armenia
The politics of Armenia take place in the framework of the parliamentary representative democratic republic of Armenia, whereby the president of Armenia is the head of state and the prime minister of Armenia the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and Parliament.
Patrick Lyden
Patrick D. Lyden is an American neurologist, academic and an author. He is the Professor of Physiology and Neuroscience and Professor of Neurology at the USC-Keck School of Medicine.

Most known for his contributions to stroke research, Lyden holds two patents for his inventions and has led large-scale, multinational trials. He co-led with 7 other investigators the NINDS t-PA for Acute Stroke Trial, which established the first validated therapy for stroke. His authored works include articles published in academic journals, including New England Journal of Medicine, Science Translational Medicine and Annals of Neurology. He was awarded the 2024 Neurologist Pioneer Award of the Society for Vascular Neurology and Intervention, and the 2019 William M. Feinberg Award for Excellence in Clinical Stroke by the American Heart Association.

Science Translational Medicine
Science Translational Medicine is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal established in October 2009 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
It publishes basic, biomedical, translational, and clinical research about human diseases. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 14.6.

The journal has published articles covering novel tools and technologies that aid in investigating the fundamental mechanisms underlying health and disease, as well as the variability of drug responses in humans, precision medicine, and regulatory science.
Karen Jobling
Karen Jobling (born 13 April 1962) is an English former cricketer who played primarily as a bowler. She appeared in 1 Test match and 2 One Day Internationals for England, and 8 ODIs for International XI at the 1982 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Yorkshire.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Judaism and sexuality
Jewish traditions across different eras and regions devote considerable attention to sexuality. Sexuality is the subject of many narratives and laws in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and rabbinic literature.

In Judaism, sexuality is viewed as having both positive and negative potential, depending on the context in which it is expressed. Sexual activity has traditionally often been viewed as a grave sin if it is outside of the bounds of permissible behavior. On the other hand, many sources express a positive attitude towards sex between a married couple, also within same-sex marriages according to Reconstructionist, Humanistic, and Reform Judaism, and to a certain degree Conservative Judaism.

Rabbinic literature
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire corpus of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history. The term typically refers to literature from the Talmudic era (70–640 CE), as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writings. It aligns with the Hebrew term Sifrut Chazal (Hebrew: ספרות חז״ל), which translates to “literature [of our] sages” and generally pertains only to the sages (Chazal) from the Talmudic period. This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmud, Midrashim (Hebrew: מדרשים), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms mefareshim and parshanim (commentaries and commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.
Kim MacConnel
Kim MacConnel (born 1946 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American artist who works with painting, sculpture, and mixed media-collage/fabric. MacConnel is a seminal figure in the Pattern and Decoration movement of the seventies, but overall MacConnel's oeuvre has surpassed being categorized. MacConnel received his BA, with honors, from the University of California, San Diego in 1969 and his MFA, also with honors, in 1972.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Victor Zagainov
Victor Zagainov (May 31, 1953 – October 5, 2002) was a hot air balloon pilot and astronomer from Kazakhstan. He was the first and only hot air balloon champion of the USSR (1991), Hot Air Balloon champion of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1993), the winner of the International Balloon Grand Prix Todi (Italy) (1993), the champion of the CIS (1996). He organized Grand Prix of Zagainov and was awarded Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) Diploma for Outstanding Airmanship (Award ID# 5349) and the FAI Air Sport Medal (Award ID# 5244) in 2003.

Luhansk
Luhansk (UK: /luːˈhænsk/, US: /-ˈhɑːn-/; Ukrainian: Луганськ, IPA: [lʊˈɦɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ), also known as Lugansk (UK: /-ˈɡæn-/, US: /-ˈɡɑːn-/; Russian: Луганск, IPA: [lʊˈɡansk] ⓘ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677 (2022 estimate), making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine.

Luhansk served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast, before pro-Russian separatists seized control of the city in 2014 and made it the capital of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. The Ukrainian administration was located in Sievierodonetsk from 2014 to 2022 during the war in Donbas, due to Ukraine not being in control of Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk was captured by Russia in 2022 and Luhansk Oblast was later annexed by Russia in late 2022.
Jean-Claude Flory
Jean-Claude Flory (born 7 March 1966 in Valence, Drôme) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the third legislative district of the Ardèche department from 2002 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁdɛʃ] ⓘ; Occitan: Ardecha, pronounced [aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]; Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.