hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preeti Sudan
Preeti Sudan (born 30 April 1960) is a retired IAS officer and former Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Sudan joined the UPSC as a member in November 2022. Previously, she held the office of the Health Secretary of India from October 2017 to July 2020. Sudan has also served as a member of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR), an independent group overseeing the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2020 till 2022.

Sudan earned a degree in Economics and Social Policy and Planning from the London School of Economics and Political Science. She has been trained in public finance management in Washington.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is a ministry of the Government of India charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.

The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is  Jagat Prakash Nadda, while the current Minister of State for Health are Anupriya Patel and Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav.

Since 1955, the Ministry regularly publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia through the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), an autonomous body for setting standards for drugs, pharmaceuticals and healthcare devices and technologies in India.
Shakespeare's Dog
Shakespeare's Dog is a 1983 novel by Canadian writer Leon Rooke. The novel tells the story of William Shakespeare's early career, including his aspirations to break through to popular success as a writer and his courtship and eventual marriage to Anne Hathaway, from the perspective of Hooker, Shakespeare's pet dog.

The novel won the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 1983 Governor General's Awards, and was a shortlisted finalist for the Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour.

A 20th-anniversary edition of the novel was reissued in 2003 by Dundurn Press.

It was later adapted for the stage by playwright Rick Chafe, premiering at the National Arts Centre in conjunction with the Manitoba Theatre Centre in 2008.

Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)
Anne Shakespeare (née Hathaway; 1556 – 6 August 1623), commonly known as Anne Hathaway and sometimes referred to as Agnes Hathaway (from her father's will), was the wife of William Shakespeare, the English poet, playwright and actor. They were married in 1582, when Hathaway was pregnant at 26 years old and Shakespeare was 18. Some writers, such as Samuel Schoenbaum, have assumed that she was rather old for an Elizabethan bride, but in fact it was normal for her contemporaries to marry in their 20s, although legally they could marry earlier. Shakespeare, on the other hand, was young for an Elizabethan bridegroom.

She outlived her husband by seven years. Very little is known about her life beyond a few references in documents. Her personality and relationship to Shakespeare have been the subject of much speculation by many historians and writers.
Marriage Equality Express
The Marriage Equality Caravan, or  Marriage Equality Express, was an educational bus tour organized by the California chapter of Marriage Equality USA, in response to the invalidation by the California Supreme Court, on August 11, 2004, of 4,000 same-sex marriages that had taken place between February 12 and March 11 of that year. The tour was led by Davina Kotulski, Molly McKay, Belinda Ryan, Wendy Daw, Jacqueline Frank, and Bev Senkowski.

Marriage Equality USA
Marriage Equality USA was an organization working for the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in the United States. The group worked by doing public education and outreach, media campaigns and holding visibility events. Marriage Equality, Inc. was founded in 1998.
Hu Jianwen
Jianwen Hu (born 12 August 1987) is a Paralympic Chinese athlete competing in T38 classification track and field events. He won the gold medal at the Men's 100 metres T38 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, with 10.74 seconds.

T38 (classification)
T38 and CP8 are disability sport classification for disability athletics intended for people with cerebral palsy.  It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis.  Runners in this class may appear to have a slight limp when they are running but otherwise have a stride similar to able-bodied runners. Events for this class include  100 meters, 400 meters, 1,500 meters, and the long jump.
Paul Franke (tenor)
Paul Walter Franke (December 23, 1917, Boston – July 21, 2011, Queens) was an American operatic tenor who specialized in the comprimario repertoire. He had a very long association with the Metropolitan Opera, where he performed nearly 2000 times from 1948 to 1987. He also sang in the Santa Fe Opera house.

His discography includes two recordings conducted by Renato Cellini, on RCA:  Il trovatore (with Jussi Björling, Zinka Milanov, Fedora Barbieri, and Leonard Warren, 1952) and Pagliacci (with Björling, Victoria de los Ángeles, Warren, and Robert Merrill, 1953).  On DVD, he is seen in the Met's 1980 Un ballo in maschera, opposite Katia Ricciarelli, Judith Blegen, Bianca Berini, Luciano Pavarotti, and Louis Quilico.

Victoria de los Ángeles
Victoria de los Ángeles López García (1 November 1923 – 15 January 2005) was a Spanish operatic lyric soprano and recitalist whose career began after the Second World War and reached its height in the years from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s.
Roger Levesque
Roger Levesque (born January 22, 1981) is an American former soccer player who played most of his career with the Seattle Sounders and its successor in Major League Soccer, Seattle Sounders FC.

On January 28, 2010, he was ranked 19th in the USL First Division Top 25 of the Decade, which announced a list of the best and most influential players of the previous decade. Levesque has become a Sounders fan favorite for his work rate, length of service with the club, his wit, and clever goal celebrations. His last game was Wednesday, July 18, 2012, in an exhibition match against Chelsea F.C.

After retiring from professional soccer, Levesque headed to the University of Washington's Foster School of Business to pursue a master's degree in business administration.

Portland Timbers (2001–2010)
The Portland Timbers were an American professional soccer team based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 2001, the team played in various leagues at the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, including the USL First Division and the USSF Division 2 Professional League, until the end of the 2010 season.

On March 20, 2009, Major League Soccer commissioner Don Garber announced an expansion team had been granted to the Portland area and would retain the Timbers name. The new team began play in MLS in 2011.

The team played its home games at what was then known as PGE Park (now known as Providence Park, the home of the current MLS team). The team's colors are green and white. The team also had a development team, Portland Timbers U23s, which won the Premier Development League championship in 2010 and is currently affiliated with the MLS team.
R345 road (Ireland)
The R345 road is a regional road in north County Galway and southwest County Mayo in Ireland. It connects the R336 road at Maum to the R334 road at Neale, 26.4 kilometres (16.4 mi) to the east (map). It crosses the winding border between the two counties a number of times.

The government legislation that defines the R345, the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 (Statutory Instrument 54 of 2012), provides the following official description:

R345: An Mám, County Galway — Neale, County Mayo

Between its junction with R336 at An Mám in the county of Galway and its junction with R334 at Lecarrowkilleen in the county of Mayo via Corr na Móna, Dúráithe and An Fhairche in the county of Galway: Ballykine Lower in the county of Mayo: Bréandroim in the county of Galway: Main Street (and via Abbey Street and Circular Road) at Cong; Gortaroe and Nymphsfield in the county of Mayo.

Neale, County Mayo
Neale, also known as the Neale (Irish: An Éill), is a small village in the south of County Mayo in Ireland. It is located near the villages of Cong 4 km to the south-west, Cross 4 km to the south and the town of Ballinrobe about 5 km to the north.
Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.

Achaemenid dynasty
The Achaemenid dynasty (Old Persian: 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 Haxāmanišyaʰ; Persian: هخامنشی Haxâmaneši; Ancient Greek: Ἀχαιμενίδαι Achaimenidai; Latin: Achaemenides) was a royal house that ruled the Achaemenid Empire, which eventually stretched from Egypt and the Balkans in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east.
Eurostat
Eurostat, or the European Statistical Office (also DG ESTAT), is a Directorate-General of the European Commission, based in Luxembourg City. Eurostat's main responsibilities are to provide statistical information to the institutions of the European Union (EU) and to promote the harmonisation of statistical methods across its member states and candidates for accession as well as European Free Trade Area countries.

The partnership of Eurostat and the national organisations that cooperate with it is referred to as the European Statistical System, a term enshrined in EU legislation since 2009.

Free trade areas in Europe
At present, there are six multi-lateral free trade areas in Europe, and one former free trade area in recent history. Note that there are also a number of bilateral free trade agreements between states and between trade blocks; and that some states participate in more than one free trade area.
Alain Lacoste
Alain Lacoste (born 16 October 1946) is a French rower and general practitioner. He competed in the men's coxed pair event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He completed medical school in Lyon and worked as a general practitioner in Saint-Etienne-de-Cuines, France.

Rowing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed pair
The men's coxed pair competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich took place from 27 August to 2 September at the Olympic Regatta Course in Oberschleißheim. There were 21 boats (63 competitors) from 21 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by East German crew Wolfgang Gunkel, Jörg Lucke, and coxswain Klaus-Dieter Neubert; it was the first medal in the event for East Germany as a separate nation. Czechoslovakia (silver) and Romania (bronze) also won their first medals in the men's coxed pair.
Jason S. Luck
Jason Scott Luck is an American politician, attorney, and potter. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 54th District, serving since 2024. The 54th District includes the majority of Marlboro County and portions of Chesterfield, Darlington, and Dillon Counties. He is a member of the Democratic party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Natalis Chan
Natalis "Nat" Chan Pak Cheung (born 3 December 1950 in Hong Kong), also known by his nickname "Smart" (阿叻), is a Hong Kong television host, film actor, singer and producer.

Besides his duties as a variety show host, he has also been a horse racing commentator and horse trainer. In total, his horses have won 54 races, including the hard to achieve triple-trifecta six times.

Around the turn of the millennium, he invested in Star East with Eric Tsang.

Trifecta
A trifecta is a parimutuel bet placed on a horse race in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third, in the exact order. Known as a trifecta in the US and Australia, this is  known as a tricast in the UK, a  tierce in Hong Kong, a triactor in Canada and a tiercé in France. A  trio, offered in Hong Kong and France, is a variation in which the order of the horses is not relevant.
Teilzone
In biostratigraphy, a local-range zone, topozone or teilzone (German teil = part + Greek zone) is the stratigraphic range of the rock unit between the first and last appearance datum of a particular taxon in a local area. It is a subset of the global biozone for that taxon. For the teilzone data to be meaningful, the local area must be identified. The term was coined in 1914 by German paleontologist and geologist Josef Felix Pompeckj.

Josef Felix Pompeckj
Josef Felix Pompeckj (May 10, 1867, Groß-Köllen – July 8, 1930, Berlin) was a German paleontologist and geologist.

He was born in Groß-Köllen, Kingdom of Prussia (now Kolno in Poland). He studied geology and paleontology at the University of Königsberg, receiving his doctorate in 1890 with the thesis Die Trilobitenfauna der ost- und westpreußischen Diluvialgeschiebe. In 1903 he became an associate professor in Munich, and from 1904 taught classes in geology and mineralogy at the agricultural college in Hohenheim.

In 1907 he relocated to the University of Göttingen, where he eventually became a full professor of geology and paleontology. From 1913 he worked as a professor at Tübingen, then in 1917 moved to the University of Berlin as successor to Wilhelm von Branca. At Berlin, he was appointed director of Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut und Museum where one of his doctoral students was Hertha Doreck.
Do to the Beast
Do to the Beast is the seventh studio album by American alternative rock band the Afghan Whigs, their first in 16 years. It was released on April 15, 2014, on Sub Pop Records, the same label that released their albums Up in It and Congregation.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Sawcheek darter
The Sawcheek darter (Etheostoma serrifer) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the Atlantic coastal plain from Great Dismal Swamp of southern Virginia to Altamaha River drainage of Georgia.  It occurs near vegetation in swamps, lakes, sluggish headwaters, creeks and small rivers.  This species can reach a length of 6.8 cm (2.7 in).

Sander (fish)
Sander (formerly known as Stizostedion) is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae.

The earliest known fossils of this genus are partial jaw and vertebrae elements from the middle Miocene (Barstovian)-aged Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Nojima
Nojima (written: 野島 or 野嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akio Nojima (野島 昭生; born 1945), Japanese voice actor

Hirofumi Nojima (野島 裕史; born 1973), Japanese voice actor

Kazushige Nojima (野島 一成; born 1964), Japanese video game writer

Kenji Nojima (野島 健児; born 1976), Japanese voice actor

Masahiro Nojima (野島 正弘; born 1971), Japanese baseball player

Minoru Nojima (野島 稔; born 1945), Japanese classical pianist

Ryo Nojima (野嶋 良; born 1979), Japanese footballer

Shinji Nojima (野島 伸司; born 1963), Japanese screenwriter

Sakura Nojima (野島さくら; born 25 April 1999), Japanese footballer

Taiji Nojima (野島 泰治; 1896–1970), Japanese dermatologist

Yasuzō Nojima (野島 康三; 1889–1964), Japanese photographer

Kataller Toyama
Kataller Toyama (カターレ富山, Katāre Toyama) is a football club based in Toyama, Capital of Toyama Prefecture. The club currently play in J2 League  after promotion from J3 in 2024, Japanese second tier of professional football.
2018–19 Northeastern Huskies men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Northeastern Huskies men's basketball team represented Northeastern University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Huskies, led by 13th-year head coach Bill Coen, played their home games at Matthews Arena in Boston, Massachusetts as members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). They finished the season 23–11, 14–4 in CAA play, to finish in second place. In the CAA tournament, they defeated UNC Wilmington, College of Charleston and Hofstra to win the CAA tournament. As a result, they received an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to Kansas.

2018–19 Charleston Cougars men's basketball team
The 2018–19 College of Charleston Cougars men's basketball team represented the College of Charleston during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cougars, led by fifth-year head coach Earl Grant, played their home games at the TD Arena in Charleston, South Carolina as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
F1 25
F1 25 is a racing video game developed by Codemasters and published by EA Sports. It is the eighteenth entry in the F1 series and holds the license for the 2025 Formula One and Formula 2 championships, with the 2026 season set to be released as post-launch downloadable content. The game was released on 30 May 2025 for PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who regarded it as an improvement over its predecessor.

Bahrain International Circuit
The Bahrain International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة البحرين الدولية, romanized: Ḥalba al-Baḥrayn ad-Dawliyya) is a 5.412 km (3.363 mi) motorsport venue opened in 2004 and used for drag racing, GP2 Series (now FIA Formula 2), and the annual  Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first  Formula One race held in the Middle East. Beginning in 2006, Australian V8 Supercars raced at the BIC, with the event known as the Desert 400. However, the V8 Supercars did not return for the 2011 V8 Supercar season. 24 Hour endurance races are also hosted at BIC. The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license. The circuit also has multiple layouts.
Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute
Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute (SRFTI) is a film and television institute located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Named after renowned Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray, the institute provides higher and professional education and technical expertise in the art and technique of film-making and television production. Established in 1995, the institute is an autonomous society funded by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.

Titli (2014 film)
Titli (transl. Butterfly) is a 2014 Indian neo-noir crime drama film written and directed by Kanu Behl, and co-produced by Dibakar Banerjee Productions and Aditya Chopra under the banner of Yash Raj Films. It features actors Shashank Arora as the title character, Shivani Raghuvanshi, Ranvir Shorey, Amit Sial and Lalit Behl in the lead roles.

In Titli, Behl captures the volatility of a society where violence lies uneasily just below the surface. The directorial debut film premiered in the Un Certain Regard section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, The trailer was released on 29 September 2015. The film was released in India on 30 October 2015.

The international sales partner of the film is Westend Films.
Kiss Madiam
Kiss Madiam is a four-piece male group that won the second season of the Greek version of the Got Talent series, Ellada Eheis Talento.

Kiss Madiam take popular songs and change the lyrics to something funny, essentially satirising. Some of their songs are "Dolce Gabbana" (based on "Baila Morena") and "Diakopes" (based on the Scorpions song "Holiday", from their 1979 album Lovedrive).

Lovedrive
Lovedrive is the sixth studio album by the German rock band Scorpions, released in 1979. Considered by some critics to be the pinnacle of their career, Lovedrive was a major evolution of the band's sound, exhibiting their "classic style" that would be later developed over their next few albums. Lovedrive cemented the "Scorpions formula" of hard rock songs combined with melodic ballads.

Lovedrive was the band’s first album to be released by Harvest Records in Europe and Mercury Records in the United States and Canada following the band's departure from RCA. It proved to be a major commercial breakthrough, reaching No. 55 on the Billboard Top 200, which none of their previous five albums had dented at all. The RIAA certified the record as Gold on 28 May 1986, and the album also proved a breakthrough in the United Kingdom where it was the first Scorpions album to chart and peaked at No. 36.

Lovedrive ranked No. 25 on IGN's 2007 list of the Top 25 metal albums.
Arndt–Schulz rule
Arndt–Schulz rule or Schulz' law is a claimed law concerning the effects of pharmaca or poisons in various concentrations. It states that:

For every substance, small doses stimulate, moderate doses inhibit, large doses kill.

That is to say, highly diluted pharmaca or poisons enhance life processes, while strong concentrations may inhibit these processes and even terminate them.

The rule was named after Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz and Rudolf Arndt. The latter originally formulated it in 1888.  However, the exceptions to the rule are so numerous that it can not be considered a general law.  For instance, many paralysing substances have no exciting effect in weak doses, and what constitutes a weak, medium, or strong stimulus is highly individual, as pointed out by Arndt himself.

The rule is no longer cited in modern pharmacology texts, having been supplanted by the theory of hormesis.

Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from the same roots as effectiveness, and it has often been used synonymously, although in pharmacology a distinction is now often made between efficacy and effectiveness.

The word efficacy is used in pharmacology and medicine to refer both to the maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings, and to the capacity for sufficient therapeutic effect or beneficial change in clinical settings.