hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaisal railway station
Gaisal railway station is a railway station on Katihar–Siliguri branch of Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line in the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 31 at Dhantola, Gaisal of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is also remembered for the infamous Gaisal train disaster.

Katihar–Siliguri line
The Katihar–Siliguri line is a railway line connecting Katihar in the Indian state of Bihar with Siliguri Junction in West Bengal, via Barsoi, Dalkhola,  Kishanganj, Aluabari Road Junction, Thakurganj, Adhikari, Naxalbari,  Bagdogra and Matigara. It was a metre-gauge track that was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge in 2011.

Another railway line with a slightly different route with shorter distance exists between Siliguri Junction and Aluabari Road Junction (Islampur) and its details are available in Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line article.
Daniel Kalonga
Daniel Kalonga is a Malawian Anglican bishop. Since 2025, he has been bishop of Lake Malawi in the Church of the Province of Central Africa. He hails from Ntchisi District and holds qualifications in management. He was a parish priest and vicar general of the diocese prior to his election as diocesan bishop in April 2025. Archbishop Albert Chama consecrated Kalonga a bishop in July 2025 during a service at Silver Stadium in Lilongwe attended by President Lazarus Chakwera.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.
Shaun Sawyer
Shaun Sawyer (born 5 January 1963) is a former chief constable and senior detective. As chief constable of Devon and Cornwall Police from 2013 to 2022, his National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC) responsibilities included national police performance improvement, combatting organised immigration crime and modern slavery, and involved engagement with parliamentarians, home secretaries, ministers and senior Home Office officials.

Police and crime commissioner
A police and crime commissioner (PCC; Welsh: comisiynydd yr heddlu a throseddu) is an elected official in England and Wales responsible for generally overseeing police services. A police, fire and crime commissioner (PFCC) is an elected official in England responsible for generally overseeing both police and fire services. Commissioners replaced the abolished police authorities. The first commissioners were elected on 15 November 2012.

The UK government intends to abolish commissioners at the end of the incumbents' terms in 2028, with oversight of police services to be transferred to devolved mayors, or to policing committees run by council leaders.
Bernard Vukas
Bernard Vukas (1 May 1927 – 4 April 1983) was a Croatian footballer who played for Yugoslavia.

Vukas played as a left winger/forward and is mostly remembered for his extraordinary dribbling ability. In 2000, he was voted by the Croatian Football Federation as the best Croatian player of all time, and in another poll by Večernji List he was voted Best Croatian Athlete of the 20th Century.

Dribbling
In sports, dribbling is maneuvering a ball by one player while moving in a given direction, avoiding defenders' attempts to intercept the ball. A successful dribble will bring the ball past defenders legally and create opportunities to score.
Integrable module
In algebra, an integrable module (or integrable representation) of a Kac–Moody algebra  (a certain infinite-dimensional Lie algebra) is a representation of  such that (1) it is a sum of weight spaces and (2) the Chevalley generators  of  are locally nilpotent. For example, the adjoint representation of a Kac–Moody algebra is integrable.

En (Lie algebra)
In mathematics, especially in Lie theory, En is the Kac–Moody algebra whose Dynkin diagram is a bifurcating graph with three branches of length 1, 2 and k, with k = n − 4.

In some older books and papers, E2 and E4 are used as names for G2 and F4.
BitLicense
A BitLicense is the common term used for a business license for virtual currency activities, issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS) under regulations designed for companies. The regulations are limited to activities involving the state of New York or a New York resident. People residing in, located in, having a place of business in, or conducting business in the State of New York count as New York Residents under these regulations. The license was introduced and designed by Benjamin Lawsky, New York's first Superintendent of Financial Services, in July 2014. Chartered entities do not require an explicit BitLicense, but may instead proceed with virtual currency activities via limited purpose trust charters approved by the NYDFS.

Paxos Trust Company
Paxos Trust Company is a New York–based financial institution and technology company specializing in blockchain. The company's product offerings include a cryptocurrency brokerage service, asset tokenization services, and settlement services. ItBit, a bitcoin exchange run by Paxos, was the first bitcoin exchange to be licensed by the New York State Department of Financial Services, granting the company the ability to be the custodian and exchange for customers in the United States.

Paxos was founded in 2012 and is based in New York City with offices in London and Singapore. As of April 2021, the company has received $540 million in funding.
Moraea bituminosa
Moraea bituminosa is a species of the genus Moraea in family Iridaceae.

It is a cormous geophyte 25 – 30 cm high with two leaves. The plant is sticky to the touch. Flowers are yellow with deep yellow nectar guides. The outer tepals are 22–32 mm long and inner tepals are 20 to 29 mm long.

It flowers from October to December with flowers opening in the afternoon. It is endemic to the Western Cape, from Bredasdorp in the south-east to Wellington and Tulbagh in the north, on stony sandstone slopes. It was first described by Carolus Linnaeus the Younger in 1782 as Iris bituminosa. In 1805, John Bellenden Ker Gawler moved this species to its current name, Moraea bituminosa.

Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Carolus Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné den yngre (Swedish; abbreviated Carl von Linné d. y.), or Linnaeus filius (Latin for Linnaeus the son; abbreviated L.fil. (outdated) or L.f. (modern) as a botanical authority; 20 January 1741 – 1 November 1783) was a Swedish naturalist. His names distinguish him from his father, the pioneering taxonomist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
FMA instruction set
The FMA instruction set is an extension to the 128- and 256-bit Streaming SIMD Extensions instructions in the x86 microprocessor instruction set to perform fused multiply–add (FMA) operations. There are two variants:

FMA4 is supported in AMD processors starting with the Bulldozer architecture. FMA4 was performed in hardware before FMA3 was. Support for FMA4 has been removed since Zen 1.

FMA3 is supported in AMD processors starting with the Piledriver architecture and Intel starting with Haswell processors and Broadwell processors since 2014.

Microsoft Visual C++
Microsoft Visual C++ (MSVC) is a compiler for the C, C++, C++/CLI and C++/CX programming languages by Microsoft. MSVC is proprietary software; it was originally a standalone product but later became a part of Visual Studio and made available in both trialware and freeware forms. It features tools for developing and debugging C++ code, especially code written for the Windows API, DirectX and .NET.

Many applications require redistributable Visual C++ runtime library packages to function correctly. These packages are frequently installed separately from the applications they support, enabling multiple applications to use the package with only a single installation. These Visual C++ redistributable and runtime packages are mostly installed for standard libraries that many applications use.
USS Columbus (SSN-762)
USS Columbus (hull number SSN-762) is a Los Angeles-class nuclear powered fast attack submarine and the second vessel of the United States Navy to be named for Columbus, Ohio. The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 21 March 1986 and her keel was laid down on 9 January 1991. She was launched on 1 August 1992 sponsored by Mrs. Margaret DeMars, wife of Admiral Bruce DeMars and commissioned on 24 July 1993.

Nuclear propulsion
Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that use some form of nuclear reaction as their primary power source. Many aircraft carriers and submarines currently use uranium fueled nuclear reactors that can provide propulsion for long periods  without refueling. There are also applications in the space sector with nuclear thermal and nuclear electric engines which could be more efficient than conventional rocket engines.

The idea of using nuclear material for propulsion dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1903 it was hypothesized that radioactive material, radium, might be a suitable fuel for engines to propel cars, planes, and boats. H. G. Wells picked up this idea in his 1914 fiction work The World Set Free.
Biasca–Acquarossa railway
The Biasca–Acquarossa railway (Italian: Ferrovia Biasca–Acquarossa; BA) was a Swiss metre gauge railway that linked the towns of Biasca and Acquarossa, in the canton of Ticino.

The Gotthard railway opened in 1882, providing a transport link to the communities of the valley of the Ticino River. In order to provide a link to the communities of the Valle di Blenio, the Biasca–Acquarossa railway was opened in 1911. The line closed in 1973 and was replaced by a bus service.

The line was 13.8 kilometres (8.6 mi) long, and was electrified at 1200 V DC using overhead lines. It commenced from the square in front of Biasca station, had 14 stops, a maximum gradient of 3.5% and a minimum radius of 133 metres (436 ft).

The main depot of the line in Biasca, which was built in the late 1960s, is in use as a bus depot by Autolinee Bleniesi, who operate bus services including those replacing the railway. The line's Acquarossa terminus is also used by the same company.

Ticino (river)
The river Ticino (/tɪˈtʃiːnoʊ/ tih-CHEE-noh, Italian: [tiˈtʃiːno]; Lombard: Tesin; French and German: Tessin; Latin: Ticīnus) is the most important perennial left-bank tributary of the Po. It has given its name to the Swiss canton through which its upper portion flows.

It is one of the four major rivers taking their source in the Gotthard region, along with the Rhône, Reuss and Rhine.
The river rises in the Val Bedretto in Switzerland at the frontier between the cantons of Valais and Ticino right below the Nufenen Pass, is fed by the glaciers of the Alps and later flows through Lake Maggiore, which traverses the border to Italy. The Ticino joins the Po a few kilometres downstream (along the Ticino) from Pavia. It is about 248 kilometres (154 mi) long. The stretch of river between Lake Maggiore and the confluence in the Po is included in the Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino, a Nature reserve included by UNESCO in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Eren Şen
Eren Şen (born 28 September 1984 in Hamburg) is a German-Turkish football player.

He started his playing career in the youth teams of FSV Harburg, later joining FC St. Pauli and Hamburger SV, and made his debut in professional football in 2003 for Hamburger SV. Later he played for FC Thun in Switzerland where he played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup. In 2006, he joined the Turkish club Konyaspor, staying on until 2009 when he left for Diyarbakırspor. Due to a long-time injury and financial troubles, he played in only seven matches for his last club and eventually returned to Germany for both treatment and rehabilitation. 
After training with Hamburger SV II to stay fit, Eren Şen signed a contract with Regionalliga Nord side 1. FC Magdeburg that was meant to keep him at the club until 2011, with an option to extend the contract for another year. However, this contract was dissolved in December due to dissatisfaction with the situation on both sides.

1. FC Magdeburg
1. FC Magdeburg is a German association football club based in Magdeburg. The club was founded in 1965 from the football department of the sports club SC Magdeburg and has been one of the top teams in the East German Oberliga, winning three championships and seven cup titles. By winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1974, the club became the only East German club to win a European trophy and also achieved the greatest success in its history. After German reunification, the club fell on hard times but returned to professional football in 2015 with the promotion to the 3. Liga. Afterwards the team managed in 2018 to climb up to the second division, in which the team plays today.
2008 UEC European Track Championships – Women's under-23 500 m time trial
The Women's 500 m Time Trial was one of the 8 women's events at the 2008 European Track Championships, held in Pruszków, Poland.

9 cyclists participated in the contest.

The race was held on September 6.

Pruszków
Pruszków [ˈpruʂkuf] ⓘ is a city in east-central Poland, capital of Pruszków County in the Masovian Voivodeship. Pruszków is located along the western edge of the Warsaw metropolitan area.

Pruszków is the largest city in the Warsaw metropolitan area outside Warsaw. Since the 19th century it has developed as an industrial centre located on an important railway line. In the 1990s and 2000s the city was synonymous with the "Pruszków gang", one of two major organised crime groups in the country. It is known for the country's chief indoor velodrome and the Dulag 121 Museum at the former Nazi German camp for Poles expelled from Warsaw.
P.U.N.K. Girl
P.U.N.K. Girl, also known as Atta Girl in the UK, is an EP by British twee pop band Heavenly, released by K Records on 11 July 1995. In 2005, Pitchfork Media's Nitsuh Abebe wrote that it was "so bouncy and full of hooks that it can take a while to notice it's kind of a concept record about date rape." This release combines the band's 1993 singles P.U.N.K. Girl and Atta Girl, which were released on Sarah Records.

Date rape
Date rape is a form of acquaintance rape and dating violence. The two phrases are often used interchangeably, but date rape specifically refers to a rape in which there has been some sort of romantic or potentially sexual relationship between the two parties. Acquaintance rape also includes rapes in which the victim and perpetrator have been in a non-romantic, non-sexual relationship, for example as co-workers or neighbors.

Since the 1980s, date rape has constituted the majority of rapes in some countries. It is particularly prevalent on college campuses, and frequently involves consumption of alcohol or other date rape drugs. The peak age for date rape victims is from the late teens to early twenties.
Burgio
Burgio (Sicilian: Burgiu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Agrigento.

Burgio borders the following municipalities: Caltabellotta, Chiusa Sclafani, Lucca Sicula, Palazzo Adriano, Villafranca Sicula.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Lake Fest
Lake Fest is a Montenegrin music festival that takes place in the municipality of Nikšić, on the shores of Lake Krupac. The festival is held during the summer and, in recent years, has traditionally taken place at the beginning of August as a three-day event. It features a wide range of music, including rock and roll, alternative, and, in recent years, electronic music.

The lineup mainly includes artists from the former Yugoslavia but also from around the world. Some of the most notable performers have been Manu Chao, Laibach, Guano Apes, Paul van Dyk, Mahmut Orhan, James Zabiela, Dubioza Kolektiv, Rambo Amadeus, Partibrejkers, Urban & 4, Hladno Pivo, Riblja Čorba, Van Gogh, and many others.

Since its founding in 2011, more than 220,000 visitors have passed through the festival gates.

Partibrejkers
Partibrejkers (Serbian Cyrillic: Партибрејкерс, transliteration for: Partybreakers) is a Serbian rock band from Belgrade, as well as one of the most acclaimed acts of the Yugoslav rock scene.

The band was formed in 1982 and released its first album, Partibrejkers I in 1985 in a two guitars, drums and  vocal set (no bass guitar). The band has experienced numerous line-up changes. The mainstays of the band are Zoran Kostić "Cane" (vocals) and Nebojša Antonijević "Anton" (guitar). The band has received steady critical acclaim over the years and is well received by audiences across former Yugoslavia, not only for their music, but also for their anti-war activism through the Rimtutituki project. Their influences are diverse, such as the Stooges, MC5, early Rolling Stones and New York Dolls, combined with blues, British rhythm-and-blues, rockabilly and classic rock and roll.
Castel del Giudice
Castel del Giudice is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region of Molise, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Isernia.

Castel del Giudice borders the following municipalities: Ateleta, Capracotta, Gamberale, San Pietro Avellana, Sant'Angelo del Pesco.

Ateleta
Ateleta is a comune and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central-southern Italy. Alongside Ala, Onano, Orero and Siris, it is one of five Italian municipalities with a palindromic name.
Statue of Sakakawea (Crunelle)
Sakakawea (or Bird Woman or Sacajawea) is a monumental sized bronze sculpture created by Leonard Crunelle.  It was dedicated on October 13, 1914 and stands on the grounds of the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota.  A recasting was done in 2003 to place in the United States Capitol.

Leonard Crunelle
Leonard Crunelle (8 July 1872 in Lens, Pas-de-Calais – 10 September 1944 in Chicago) was a French-born American sculptor especially known for his sculptures of children. Crunelle immigrated with his family to the United States and worked as a coal miner in Decatur, Illinois.
Lorado Taft discovered him as a youth and brought him to Chicago where he was an apprentice to the sculptors decorating the 1893 World's Fair Horticultural Exhibit. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago with Taft.
2016 Deauville American Film Festival
The 42nd Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville, France from September 2 to 11, 2016. American crime drama film The Infiltrator by Brad Furman was selected as the opening night film, while Black dramedy War Dogs by Todd Phillips served as the closing night film of the festival. The Grand Prix was awarded to Little Men by Ira Sachs.

The festival paid tribute to  James Franco, Michael Moore and Stanley Tucci. Chloë Grace Moretz and Daniel Radcliffe received Le Nouvel Hollywood (Hollywood Rising Star) awards.

Wiener-Dog (film)
Wiener-Dog is a 2016 American anthology comedy film directed and written by Todd Solondz. Starring an ensemble cast led by Ellen Burstyn, Kieran Culkin, Julie Delpy, Danny DeVito, Greta Gerwig, Tracy Letts, and Zosia Mamet, the film is a spin-off from Solondz's 1995 film Welcome to the Dollhouse, which also features the character of Dawn Wiener. The film is also inspired by the 1966 French drama Au hasard Balthazar, directed by Robert Bresson.

The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. before receiving a limited release on June 24, 2016, by Amazon Studios and IFC Films.
PVLV
The primary value learned value (PVLV) model is a possible explanation for the reward-predictive firing properties of dopamine (DA) neurons. It simulates behavioral and neural data on Pavlovian conditioning and the midbrain dopaminergic neurons that fire in proportion to unexpected rewards. It is an alternative to the temporal-differences (TD) algorithm.

It is used as part of Leabra.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
2022 Astana Open – Doubles
Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić defeated Adrian Mannarino and Fabrice Martin in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Astana Open.

Santiago González and Andrés Molteni were the defending champions, but did not compete together. González partnered Łukasz Kubot, but lost in the first round to Tim Pütz and Michael Venus. Molteni partnered Francisco Cerúndolo, but lost in the first round to Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies.

Santiago González (tennis)
Santiago González Torre (Latin American Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ɣonˈsales ˈtore]; born 24 February 1983) is a Mexican professional tennis player. His career-high ATP ranking is World No. 7 in doubles, achieved on 13 November 2023. He has won 25 ATP doubles titles. In 2017, he reached the French Open final in doubles along with his partner Donald Young. Additionally, he has reached the finals of four other Grand Slam tournaments in the Mixed category: the 2013 French Open, the 2014 and 2015 US Open, and the 2024 Wimbledon. González represents Mexico at the Davis Cup competition; currently his record is 31–19 as of end of 2023 season. His career-high ranking in singles is No. 155, achieved on 22 May 2006.
Vieux Luxembourg
Vieux Luxembourg is a porcelain design used by Villeroy & Boch.  One of the oldest European porcelain manufacturers, Villeroy & Boch’s first pattern, Vieux Luxembourg is still in production.

Villeroy and Boch’s Vieux Luxembourg is reminiscent of the designs that were imported from the Orient during the 16th and 17th centuries.  The porcelain body of Vieux Luxembourg is accented with a scalloped rim and cobalt blue trim.  Floral sprays are spread across the body of each piece.

For Villeroy & Boch, that step was the establishment of a pottery in Audun-le-Tiche, Lorraine on April 1, 1748 their first pattern, Vieux Luxembourg.  Just a few decades later, the enterprise counted among the finest of European craftsmen, acclaimed as “Francois Boch et Freres, Manufacture Imperiale et Royale” of Septfontaines, near the city of Luxembourg.

Orient
The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term Occident, which refers to the Western world.

In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the continent of Asia – loosely classified into Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and sometimes including the Caucasus. Originally, the term Orient was used to designate only the Near East, but later its meaning evolved and expanded, designating also Central Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, or the Far East.

The term oriental is a dated term which was often used to describe objects and people coming from the Orient/eastern Asia.