hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Watling Lodge
Watling Lodge was a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It was located near what is now Lock Sixteen on the Forth and Clyde Canal in Falkirk with neighbouring forts at Rough Castle to the west and Falkirk to the east. There was also a fort at Camelon to the north. There was also a Roman temporary camp found a short distance south of the site.

Castellum
A castellum in Latin is usually:

a small Roman fortlet or tower, a diminutive of castrum ('military camp'), often used as a watchtower or signal station like on Hadrian's Wall. It is distinct from a burgus, which is a later Latin term that was used particularly in the Germanic provinces.

a distribution, header, and settling tank for municipal water in a Roman aqueduct (known as a castellum aquae/castellum divisorium).

It is the source of the English word "castle".
Asquith Xavier
Asquith Camile Xavier (18 July 1920 – 18 June 1980) was a West Indian-born Briton who ended a colour bar at British Railways in London by fighting to become the first non-white train guard at Euston railway station in 1966. Trevor Phillips, when chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality, said in 2006: "Asquith's stand against discrimination brought to light the inadequacy of early race discrimination laws and persistent widespread discrimination faced by ethnic minorities." A plaque at the station commemorates his achievement.

West Indian
A West Indian is a native or inhabitant of the West Indies (the Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago). According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the term West Indian in 1597 described the indigenous inhabitants of the West Indies, by 1661 the term defined "an inhabitant or native of the West Indies, of European origin or descent." In the 1950s, coinciding with decolonization and the arrival of Afro-Caribbean migrants in the United Kingdom, West Indian referred to those who were Black. Inclusively, in 1961 all inhabitants of the West Indies Federation were termed West Indian regardless of their descent, besides West Indian Indo-Caribbean people, who were sometimes referred to as East Indian West Indian. The OED now defines it simply as a citizen of any West Indies nation. Some West Indian people reserve this term for citizens or natives of the British West Indies only, to the exclusion of not just the Hispanophones, but also French and Dutch West Indians.
A Lesson of Belarusian
A Lesson of Belarusian (Polish: Lekcja białoruskiego) is a 2006 documentary by Polish director Mirosław Dembiński. It follows the activities of several Belarusian pro-democracy youth activists in the four weeks running up to the highly controversial presidential re-election of Alexander Lukashenko on March 19, 2006. The film has won multiple festival prizes.

In 2008, a CD-disk with a film and some other disks became the first informational products that a court in Belarus recognized as extremist.

2006 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2006, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. Pixar celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 with the release of its 7th film, Cars.
Pharmaceutical technician
A pharmaceutical technician, also referred to as pharmaceutical research technician is a job title for a laboratory assistant or research assistant employed in the pharmaceutical industry involved in the research and development of new or existing medications. In most cases, job responsibilities include supervising ongoing experiments, recording laboratory results, keeping records, testing for various compounds, and maintaining laboratory cleanliness. More responsibilities are typically given as the pharmaceutical technician gains experience in laboratory techniques and proper research methodology.

Research assistant
A research assistant (RA)  is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university, research institute, or privately held organization to provide assistance in academic or private research endeavors. Research assistants work under the supervision of a principal investigator or supervisor and typically do not bear direct responsibility for the final outcomes of the research. However, in certain countries, research assistants can be the primary contributors to the research outcomes. Research assistants are commonly educated to at least degree level, and they may also be enrolled in postgraduate degree programs. In some cases, such as when pursuing a PhD, they are referred to as Doctoral Research Assistants and may also have teaching responsibilities alongside their research commitments.
Shvartsman
Shvartsman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Shvartsman (born 1975), American Magic: The Gathering player

Leib Shvartsman, birth name of Lev Shestov (1866–1938), Russian existentialist philosopher

Leonid Shvartsman (1920–2022), Soviet and Russian animator and artist

Roman Shvartsman (born 1936), Ukrainian public figure

Leonid Shvartsman
Leonid Aronovich Shvartsman (born Izrail Aronovich Shvartsman, Russian: Израиль Аронович Шварцман; 30 August 1920 – 2 July 2022) was a Soviet and Russian animator and visual artist. He spent most of his creative career at the Soyuzmultfilm, in Moscow, where he worked as an art director on Cheburashka, 38 Parrots, The Golden Antelope, The Scarlet Flower, The Snow Queen, among others.
Solomin
Solomin (Russian: Соломин) or Solomina (Russian: Соломина; feminine) is a common Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Solomin (born 1980), Russian ethnologist and genealogist

Anatoliy Solomin (born 1952), Soviet and Ukrainian race walker

Illya Solomin (born 1998), Swedish figure skater

Nikolay Solomin (1834–1882), Russian icon painter

Pavel Solomin (born 1982), Uzbekistani footballer

Pyotr Solomin (1839–1871), Russian poet and educationist

Valeriy Solomin (1938–2017), Soviet and Russian film director

Vassily Solomin (1953–1997), Soviet and Russian boxer

Vitaly Solomin (1941–2002), Soviet and Russian actor, brother of Yury Solomin

Yury Solomin (1935–2024), Soviet and Russian actor, brother of Vitaly Solomin

Pavel Solomin
Pavel Pavlovich Solomin (Russian: Павел Павлович Соломин, born 15 June 1982) is a former Uzbekistani footballer. The last time he played for Obod as a striker. Currently he coaches a football team of Webster University in Tashkent.
Anticipation (animation)
Anticipation is one of the fundamental 12 basic principles of animation, as set out by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their authoritative 1981 book on the Disney Studio titled The Illusion of Life. An anticipation pose or drawing is a preparation for the main action of an animated scene, as distinct from the action and the reaction.

Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death from natural causes. He was recognized by The Walt Disney Company with its Disney Legend Award in 1989. His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005.
Frédéric Xhonneux
Frédéric Xhonneux (born 11 May 1983 in Brussels) is a Belgian track and field athlete who competes in the decathlon. He is a former Belgian record holder in the event with a score of 8142 points, achieved in May 2008 in Desenzano del Garda at the Multistars meeting.

Multistars
Multistars is an annual international Combined track and field events competition held in Desenzano del Garda, Italy in late April or early May as part of the IAAF World Combined Events Challenge. International athletes compete in the decathlon for men and heptathlon for women. Established in 1988 the meeting took place in Desenzano del Garda until 2012. From 2013 to 2018 the event moved to Luigi Ridolfi Stadium in Florence before it moved once again to Lana. In 2022 the meeting took place at the Stadio Olimpico Carlo Zecchini in Grosseto bevor it moved back in 2023 to its inaugural location, the Stadio Tre Stelle Francesco Ghizzi. The 2024 edition took place in Centro Gabre Gabric, Brescia.

The 2013 edition was capped by other invitational competitions. With a time of 39.09 Yadisleidy Pedroso set a new Italian best in 300m hurdles.

The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Imports
The Imports were a Chicago punk rock band that formed in 1980. In a response to a solicitation for information on influential people, bands, clubs, zines, etc., for a Chicago Punk History Radio Documentary in 2006, Steve Albini of Big Black listed The C*nts, The Imports, Coolest Retard, Wax Trax, and WZRD.  Members of The Imports later went on to play with the Vagueleys, Silly Carmichaels (a pre-Ministry Al Jourgensen project), Sharkey's Machine, ¡Ack-Ack!, The Arms of Someone New, Split Heavens, Sylvia Darling and The Moon Seven Times.

WZRD (FM)
WZRD (88.3 MHz) is the student-run FM radio station at Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, US, founded in 1974. The station serves the Chicago area.  The station is licensed by the FCC to Northeastern Illinois University. WZRD broadcasts on a freeform radio format and is a Pacifica Radio affiliate.
Kobylany, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Kobylany [kɔbɨˈlanɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Opatów and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Sexodus
"Sexodus" is a song by English rapper M.I.A. from her fourth studio album, Matangi (2013). It is written by M.I.A. alongside British record producer Switch; Doc McKinney, Illangelo, and the Weeknd are also credited due to a sample of the Weeknd's song "Lonely Star" from his mixtape Thursday. The album version of the song was noted for its "striking" similarities to a different song from the album, "Exodus". However, the single version features War Syntaire and was labelled as being "Re-Loaded With War". Before the track was recorded by M.I.A., she offered the song to Madonna.

The song was originally titled "This Exodus", before the "Thi" was deleted and M.I.A. kept the typo. M.I.A. performed the song live during her 2013–14 Matangi Tour.

Doc McKinney
Martin "Doc" McKinney (born August 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American record producer and songwriter. He was formerly one half of the duo (now solo act) Esthero. McKinney is widely credited with developing The Weeknd's sound as well as producing his mixtapes House of Balloons and Thursday; and executive producing and producing the majority of his third album Starboy (2016), which earned McKinney the 2016 Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album.
Antoni Kucharczyk
Antoni Kucharczyk (born 2 August 1874 in Bęczyn, Austria-Hungary (now Poland) – 11 May 1944 in Paszkówka) was a Polish poet.

He became well known during 1900 and 1915.

In 1933 he became the president of the Polish Writer's Union of People.

Composer Barbara Maria Zakrzewska-Nikiporczyk used Kucharczyk's text for her composition "Two Religious Songs" in 1981.

Paszkówka
Paszkówka [paʂˈkufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeźnica, within Wadowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. The village is the location of Paszkówka Palace. The population in 2011 was 906, and in 2021 had grown to 1,049.
St George's Masonic Centre, Warwick
St George's Masonic Centre is a heritage-listed masonic lodge at 50A Guy Street, Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by William Wallace and built from 1886 to 1887. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Southern Downs Region
The Southern Downs Region is a local government area (LGA) in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia. The region runs along the state's southern boundary with New South Wales and was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Warwick and the Shire of Stanthorpe. As at 2024, it has an area of 7,088 square kilometres (2,737 sq mi).

In the 2021 census, the Southern Downs Region had a population of 36,290 people.
Masked tanager
The masked tanager (Stilpnia nigrocincta) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Shoop (surname)
Shoop is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Shoop (born 1966), American football coach and player

Brian Shoop, American college baseball coach and player

Clarence A. Shoop (1907–1968), American pilot

John Shoop (born 1969), American football coach

Lindsay Shoop (born 1981), American rower

Pamela Susan Shoop (born 1948), American actress

Ron Shoop (1931–2003), American baseball player

Rusty Shoop, American television journalist

Bob Shoop
Bob Shoop (born August 18, 1966) is an American football coach who is currently a senior defensive analyst at Vanderbilt. He served as the defensive coordinator there from 2011 to 2013, also having served as defensive coordinator at Mississippi State, Tennessee, and Penn State. Shoop served as the head football coach at Columbia University from 2003 to 2005.

Shoop played for Yale and professionally in the British League BAFA National Leagues in 1988 and 1989.
Paula Kassell
Paula S. Kassell (December 5, 1917 – August 20, 2012) was an American feminist leader who founded New Directions for Women, which was the first national feminist news publication in the United States, was an early board member and officer of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press and successfully pushed The New York Times to use the term "Ms." in reference to women.

Ms.
Ms. (American English) or Ms (British English; normally /ˈmɪz/, but also /məz/, or /məs/ when unstressed) is an English-language honorific used with the last name or full name of a woman, intended as a default form of address for women regardless of marital status. Like Miss and Mrs., the term Ms. has its origins in the female English title once used for all women, Mistress, the feminine form of Mister and Master. It originated in the 17th century and was revived into mainstream usage in the 20th century. Its usage remains controversial in Britain, with many style guides recommending not to use it unless specifically requested to.

It is followed by a full stop, or period, in Canada and the United States, but not in many other English-speaking countries.
5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45 gun
The 5-inch (127 mm)/54-caliber (Mk 45) lightweight gun is a U.S. naval artillery gun mount consisting of a 5 in (127 mm) L54 Mark 19 gun on the Mark 45 mount. It was designed and built by United Defense, a company later acquired by BAE Systems Land & Armaments, which continued manufacture.

The later 62-calibre-long version consists of a longer-barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the same Mark 45 mount. The gun is designed for use against surface warships, anti-aircraft and shore bombardment to support amphibious operations. The gun mount features an automatic loader with a capacity of 20 rounds which can be fired under full automatic control, taking a little over a minute at maximum fire rate. For sustained use, the gun mount would be occupied by a six-person crew (gun captain, panel operator, and four ammunition loaders) below deck to keep the gun continuously supplied with ammunition.

Turkish Naval Forces
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması), is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.

The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.

In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments. As of early 2021, the navy operates a wide variety of ships and 60 maritime aircraft.
No. 1409 Flight RAF
1409 (Meteorological) Flight was formed on 1 April 1943 to provide meteorological information for RAF Bomber Command and the USAAF.  Equipped with unarmed de Havilland Mosquito aircraft, the crews of the Flight undertook long range meteorological reconnaissance flights until the end of the Second World War in Europe and continued in this role until 1946.

Formed at RAF Oakington as part of the disbandment of 521 Squadron, the Flight was part of No. 8 Group RAF, the Pathfinders.  Flying singly the missions were codenamed PAMPA (Photo-recce And Meteorological Photography Aircraft).

In January 1944 the Flight moved to RAF Wyton where it remained until July 1945 when it moved to RAF Upwood.  In October 1945 the Flight was transferred to No. 47 Group RAF and partially re-equipped with Consolidated Liberator aircraft in addition to its Mosquitos at RAF Lyneham.  The Flight was disbanded at Lyneham in May 1946.

During the war the Flight flew 1,364 operations for a loss of only 3 aircraft.

RAF Wyton
Royal Air Force Wyton or more simply RAF Wyton (IATA: QUY, ICAO: EGUY) is a Royal Air Force station near St Ives, Cambridgeshire, England. The airfield is decommissioned and the station is now under the command of UK Strategic Command.

RAF Wyton is home to the National Centre for Geospatial Intelligence (NCGI), which provides Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) support to HM Armed Forces. It also contains the Ministry of Defence Police Headquarters, the Defence Infrastructure Organisation Regional Headquarters, 42 Engineer Regiment (Geographic), and several other UK and Allied capabilities, authorities, and departments.

Located within the station, the Pathfinder Building is described as the "operations centre of Defence Intelligence" and the “largest Top Secret, Five-Eyes by design, military intelligence fusion and assessment facility in the world."
Demobbed (2000 film)
Demobbed (Russian: ДМБ, romanized: DMB) is a cult Russian comedy film by Roman Kachanov, showing an absurdist view on the Russian army through the eyes of a conscript. The brutal rituals of Dedovshchina, a major problem within Russian society, is shown not as a tragedy, but as an idyllically insane process of resocialization.

Several stars of Soviet cinema cast in the roles of senior officers; prominent theater director Sergei Artsibashev portrayed the iconic protagonist Dikiy Prapor ("Wild Warrant Officer")

The film's popularity prompted the producers to create four sequels (DMB-2, DMB-3, DMB-4 and DMB-5), but with limited reception.

Three young Russians from very different walks of life involuntarily enter the military to escape their past.

Cinema of the Soviet Union
The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.
Robert A. Seiple
Robert A. Seiple (born December 6, 1942) is an American non-profit executive, former military officer, university administrator, and diplomat. He served as the athletic director at Brown University from 1975 to 1979.   Seiple was president of Eastern College, now known as Eastern University, in St. Davids, Pennsylvania and Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary, now known as Palmer Theological Seminary, in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania from 1983 to 1987.   In December 1986, he was named president of World Vision International, serving from 1987 to 1998.  Seiple served as the first United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom from 1999 to 2001, and was succeeded by John Hanford.

Eastern University (United States)
Eastern University (EU) is a private Christian university located in St. Davids, Pennsylvania, United States. Eastern has additional campus locations in Philadelphia and Ripley, West Virginia. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, and seminary programs. Eastern University is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA), and is the parent institution of the Palmer Theological Seminary. While the university itself is affiliated with the ABCUSA, the student body, faculty, and administration are interdenominational.
Cuisine of Abruzzo
Cuisine of Abruzzo is eclectic, drawing on pastoral, mountain, and coastal cuisine. Staples of Abruzzo cuisine include bread, pasta, meat, fish, cheese, and wine. The isolation which has characterized the region for centuries has ensured the independence of its culinary tradition from those of nearby regions. Local cuisine was widely appreciated in a 2013 survey among foreign tourists.

Teramo
Teramo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɛːramo] ⓘ; Abruzzese: Tèreme [ˈtɛːrəmə]) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

The city, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of  the Apennines (Gran Sasso d'Italia) and the Adriatic coast. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and Tordino rivers,  on a hillside area where the terrain features along with the Mediterranean climate make the territory rich in vineyards and olive groves.

The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics.  Teramo can be reached from the A14 and the A24 motorways.