hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1770 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1770 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 22 January 1770.

The election followed the resignation of incumbent Speaker Sir John Cust due to ill health. Cust died two days after this election.

Sir Fletcher Norton was proposed by Lord North and seconded by Richard Rigby.

Thomas Townshend was proposed by Lord John Cavendish and seconded by Lord George Sackville.

Both candidates addressed the House. Townshend stated, as Cavendish had, that he had been proposed without his knowledge. A debate followed, with Edmund Burke supporting Townshend.

On the motion "That the Right Hon. Sir Fletcher Norton do take the Chair of this House as Speaker," Norton was elected by 237 votes to 121 (the votes against given as 124 in some sources).

Richard Rigby
Richard Rigby PC (February 1722 – 8 April 1788) was a British politician who sat in the British House of Commons for 43 years from 1745 to 1788. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland and Paymaster of the Forces. Rigby accumulated a fortune serving the Crown and politician wheeler-dealers in the dynamic 18th-century parliament.
Silvia Frisia
Silvia Frisia (born 1954) is a professor of Earth Science at the University of Newcastle, Australia. Frisia's work on carbonate crystals as archives of Earth's past environments and climates is recognised internationally. Her recent work has focussed on the role of Antarctic volcanism on the Southern Ocean.

University of Newcastle (Australia)
The University of Newcastle is a public university in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1965, it has a primary campus in the Newcastle suburb of Callaghan. The university also operates campuses in Central Coast, Singapore, the Newcastle CBD and Sydney.

The University of Newcastle is a member of the Australian Technology Network, Universities Australia and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council
The Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council is the local council for Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, the administrative capital city of Sri Lanka. The council was first formed as Kotte Urban Development Council which was established in the 1930s and the council became Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council in 1997, Chandra Silva was elected as the first mayor.

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council area is bounded by the Kolonnawa Urban Council to the North, the Kotikawatta – Mulleriyawa Pradeshiya Sabha to the North East, Kaduwela Municipal Council to the East, Maharagama Urban Council to the South East, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Municipal Council to the South West, and Colombo Municipal Council to the West.

Mulleriyawa
Mulleriyawa (මුල්ලේරියාව) is a suburb  located within the greater metropolitan area of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Situated approximately 8 kilometers east of Colombo’s city center, Mulleriyawa occupies a strategic position along the Avissawella-Colombo road, providing convenient access to the heart of the capital and other surrounding areas .
Arthur Gwyther
The Ven. Arthur Gwyther (Fewston 23 February 1850 – Bournemouth 21 February 1921) was an Anglican priest in the Caribbean in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Gwyther was educated at St John's College, Cambridge.
He was ordained in 1875. After a curacy in Weybridge he went out to Guyana. He held incumbencies in Wakenaam, Essequibo and Georgetown. He was Archdeacon of Demerara from 1896 to 1919.

Fewston
Fewston is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated north of Otley and close to Swinsty and Fewston reservoirs.

St Michael and St Lawrence's Church, Fewston mostly dates from 1697, although the tower was built in the 14th century. The Washburn Heritage Centre, adjacent to the church, opened in February 2011.
Toony Tube
Toony Tube is a Spanish television series created for Cartoon Network by Santiago Castillo Linares and Aitor Villadóniga. Toony Tube is presented by a puppet that resembles a young boy with blond hair with thick black rimmed glasses which wears a gaming headset and it is just like a typical Let's Player on YouTube.

The show premiered originally in Spain on Boing on July 21, 2018. An English version of the show premiered in August 2018 on Cartoon Network UK, starring Andy Davies, a former Cartoon Network UK announcer from 15 December 2013 to 24 July 2016, as the voice of Toony.

Boing (Spanish TV channel)
Boing is a Spanish free-to-air television channel launched in 2010 and owned as a joint venture of Mediaset España and Warner Bros. Discovery through its International unit. When Cartoonito and Cartoon Network were shut down on 30 June 2013, Boing became their primary channel, alongside new Boomerang programmes. Series on the channel are also available in English via a secondary audio feed.

Additional Boing feeds are available in Italy and Sub-Saharan Africa, with Cartoon Network, Cartoonito and Boomerang also available in those territories.
I Love Wolffy
I Love Wolffy (Chinese: 我爱灰太狼) is a 2012 Chinese animated adventure comedy film directed by Feng Zhu based on the animated television series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf. The film was released on 10 August 2012. It was followed by the 2013 film I Love Wolffy 2.

Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf is a Chinese animated anime-influenced television series created by animation director Leo Huang and produced by Creative Power Entertaining. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Green Grassland and a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them.

The cartoon became enormously popular with Chinese schoolchildren after its debut in 2005. Cashing in on the cartoon's success, the producer made an animated feature film in 2009, which generated a box office revenue of 79 million yuan (approx. US $11.5 million) during Chinese New Year that year.

Toon Express Group, a subsidiary of Alpha Animation and a Creative Power Entertaining's sister company, owns the copyrights to the characters.
Lavrovo
Lavrovo (Russian: Лаврово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Lavrovo, Tambov Oblast, a selo in Mordovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Lavrovo, Tomsk Oblast, a village in Tomsky District of Tomsk Oblast

Lavrovo, Kesovogorsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Kesovogorsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Oleninsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Oleninsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Penovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Penovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Rameshkovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Rameshkovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Sonkovsky District, Tver Oblast, a selo in Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Torzhoksky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Torzhoksky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Vyshnevolotsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Vyshnevolotsky District of Tver Oblast

Lavrovo, Zapadnodvinsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Zapadnodvinsky District of Tver Oblast

Zapadnodvinsky District
Zapadnodvinsky District  (Russian: Западнодви́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Toropetsky District in the north, Andreapolsky District in the northeast, Nelidovsky District in the east, Zharkovsky District in the southeast, Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, and with Kunyinsky District of Pskov Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 2,816 square kilometers (1,087 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zapadnaya Dvina. Population: 16,018 (2010 Census);  19,707 (2002 Census); 24,585 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zapadnaya Dvina accounts for 58.6% of the district's total population.
Faruk Türünz
Faruk Türünz (born 28 June 1944 in Adana, Turkey) is a Turkish luthier who specializes in ouds and is considered one of the best oud makers. His shop is in Istanbul, Turkey.

Having worked as a primary school teacher for 10 years, Türünz started constructing ouds in 1984, after studying with Cafer Açın, head of the Musical Instruments Construction Branch of Istanbul Technical University. Since then, he has devised a method of tuning the oud's soundboard and braces.

British oud player and musicologist Khyam Allami, who writes a blog for BBC Radio 3, described how he fell in love with one of Türünz's instruments: "How a musical instrument can break your heart I don't know but it did, and I was very sad."

Türünz is considered a master oud-maker, and has people travel from countries such as Palestine to study with him.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Compare the Meerkat
Compare the Meerkat is an advertising campaign on British and Australian commercial television for Compare the Market, a price comparison website, part of the BGL Group. The adverts feature Aleksandr Orlov, an animated anthropomorphic Russian meerkat (voiced by Simon Greenall), and his family and friends. Orlov is portrayed as being of aristocratic stock and the founder of "comparethemeerkat.com": the campaign originally centred on his frustration over the confusion between his website and comparethemarket.com, playing on the similarity between the words market and meerkat. Orlov's catchphrase is "simples".

The campaign, launched on 5 January 2009, was created by advertising agency VCCP. The adverts proved popular and became a commercial success for comparethemarket.com, which became the fourth most visited insurance website in the UK as a result. A book featuring Orlov titled A Simples Life was published in 2010 and other merchandise was created in tandem with the campaign.

Catchphrase
A catchphrase (alternatively spelled catch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass media (such as films, internet, literature and publishing, television, and radio). Some become the de facto or literal "trademark" or "signature" of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. Catchphrases are often humorous, can be (or become) the punch line of a joke, or a callback reminder of a previous joke.
Weakness
Weakness is a symptom of many different medical conditions. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis.

Inflammatory myopathy
Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles (myositis), and in some types, muscle pain (myalgia). The cause of much inflammatory myopathy is unknown (idiopathic), and such cases are classified according to their symptoms and signs, electromyography, MRI, and laboratory findings. It can also be associated with underlying cancer. The main classes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy are polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) (including juvenile, amyopathic, and sine-dermatitis form), inclusion-body myositis (IBM), immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM), and focal autoimmune myositis.
Razor (scooter)
The Razor Scooter is a compact folding scooter developed by Micro Mobility Systems and manufactured by JD Corporation. Over 5 million units were sold in the six months following the launch of the first Razor scooter in 2000, and it was named as Spring/Summer Toy of the Year that same year. The first electric Razor scooter was released in 2003. Today, the Razor is manufactured by RazorUSA, based in Cerritos, California, in the United States.

Cerritos, California
Cerritos (/səˈriːtoʊz/; Spanish for "Little hills") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of 2020, the population was 49,578. It is part of the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
Chrysanth Chepil
Metropolitan Chrysanth (Russian: Хрисанф secular name Yakov Antonovich Chepil, Russian: Яков Антонович Чепиль; 24 June 1937, Volhynia – 4 January 2011, Moscow) was the Russian Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Vyatka, Russia.

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.
Grassmann graph
In graph theory, Grassmann graphs are a special class of simple graphs defined from systems of subspaces. The vertices of the Grassmann graph Jq(n, k) are the k-dimensional subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over a finite field of order q; two vertices are adjacent when their intersection is (k − 1)-dimensional.

Many of the parameters of Grassmann graphs are q-analogs of the parameters of Johnson graphs, and Grassmann graphs have several of the same graph properties as Johnson graphs.

Intersection (set theory)
In set theory, the intersection of two sets  and  denoted by  is the set containing all elements of  that also belong to  or equivalently, all elements of  that also belong to  The notion of intersection as an algebraic operation with sets as operands has been generalized from geometry, where it is encountered in the case of geometric sets of points, such as individual points, lines (infinite uncountable sets of points), planes, etc.
Bobsleigh at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Two-man
The two-man bobsleigh competition at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia was held at the Sliding Center Sanki near Krasnaya Polyana, Russia on 16–17 February.

On 24 November 2017, the IOC imposed a life ban on bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov. He was stripped of 2 gold medals (two-man and four-man bobsleigh). On 18 December 2017, Zubkov's two-man bobsleigh teammate Alexey Voyevoda also received a lifetime ban by the IOC due to doping violations at the 2014 Winter Olympics. On 29 November 2017, IOC also sanctioned Alexander Kasjanov for doping offences and stripped his team of their results. The IOC requested that the FIBT modify the results, and the medals were redistributed accordingly.

Sliding Center Sanki
The Sliding Center Sanki (Санки) (a.k.a. the Sanki Sliding Center) is a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Rzhanaya Polyana, Russia, 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Sochi. Located in the Western Caucasus. The venue hosted the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton events for the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Guy Berthiaume
Guy Berthiaume CM CQ (born 1950) is Librarian and Archivist of Canada Emeritus.  A Canadian historian specialized in the study of Classical Antiquity, he served as chair and chief executive officer of Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec from June 22, 2009, to June 21, 2014, and, from June 23, 2014, to August 29, 2019, he served as Librarian and Archivist of Canada.

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
The Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (French pronunciation: [biblijɔtɛk e aʁʃiv nɑsjɔnal dy kebɛk]; transl. National Library and Archives of Quebec; abbr. BAnQ) is a Quebec government agency which manages the province's legal deposit system, national archives, and national library. Located at the Grande Bibliothèque in Montreal, the BAnQ was created by the merging of the Bibliothèque nationale du Québec and the Archives nationales du Québec in 2006. The Bibliothèque nationale du Québec had previously merged with the Grande Bibliothèque du Québec in 2002.
1095 Tulipa
1095 Tulipa (prov. designation: 1926 GS) is an Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany on 14 April 1926. The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 2.8 hours and measures approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was named after the flower Tulip (lat. Tulipa). Originally, the name was redundantly assigned to Florian asteroid 1449 Virtanen.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement
The All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (Amharic: መላ ኢትዮጵያ ሶሻሊስት ንቅናቄ, romanized: Mela Ītyōṗṗyā Soshalīsit Nik'inak'ē, native acronym: MEISON, Amharic: መኢሶን) is a political party in Ethiopia. A Marxist–Leninist organization, MEISON played an active role in Ethiopian politics during the 1970s. Both it and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) were enthusiastic supporters of the revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie. However, as Mengistu Haile Mariam rose to power as leader of the ruling Derg government, conflict began to develop between the two groups. MEISON initially aligned itself with the Derg, but fell out with Mengistu as the Red Terror progressed and was repressed from mid-1977 onwards.

Politics of Ethiopia
The politics of Ethiopia are the activities associated with the governance of Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a President and Prime Minister. The legislature is multicameral, with a house of representatives and a council. The term politics of Ethiopia mainly relates to the political activities in Ethiopia after the late 20th century when democratization took place in the nation. The current political structure of Ethiopia was formed after the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew dictator President Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1991. A general election was held in June 1994 and Ethiopia has maintained a multiparty political environment until today.
National Water and Climate Center
The United States National Water and Climate Center collects and disseminates water resources and climate data.

It is part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  The offices are located in Portland, Oregon, near Lloyd Center.

Services include:

Operates the SNOTEL network which controls and collects data from more than 730 automated snowpack and climate sensor sites.

Lloyd Center
Lloyd Center is a shopping mall in the Lloyd District of Portland, Oregon, United States, just northeast of downtown, that opened in 1960.  It is owned by the Urban Renaissance Group and KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.  The mall features three floors of shopping, with the third level serving mostly as professional office spaces, a food court, and U.S. Education Corporation's Carrington College. Lloyd Center also includes the Lloyd Center Ice Skating Rink, which has become the main draw for the mall. There are currently no anchors in the mall. There are vacant anchor spaces left by Macy's, Marshalls, Nordstrom, and Sears. Junior anchors include Barnes & Noble. The paved lots built as part of the mall comprise 8,000 parking spaces.

The mall is slated to permanently close by end of 2026.
Arkenberge
The Arkenberge is a hill in the Berlin municipality of Blankenfelde in the borough of Pankow. The name was originally given to a natural hill ridge on the site, and the nearby settlement of Arkenberge was named after that chain of little hills. In 1984 a rubble heap for building waste was established east of this settlement. In January 2015, it was determined that the top of this tip had reached a height of 120.7 m above sea level (NHN). Since then it has been ranked as the highest point in the state of Berlin, superseding the Teufelsberg. However, the highest natural point in Berlin is the Großer Müggelberg (114.7 m above sea level (NHN)).

Ridge
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest, with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline. Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional, erosional, tectonic, or a combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock, loose sediment, lava, or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements.
Pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase
In enzymology, pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and a proton. Its products are L-proline and oxidised (NAD+). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate can be used as an alternative cofactor. The equivalent 6-membered nitrogen containing ring is also reduced, giving L-pipecolic acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-proline:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called Delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase.  This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and arginine and proline metabolism.

Arginine and proline metabolism
Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways linking arginine, glutamate, and proline are bidirectional. Thus, the net utilization or production of these amino acids is highly dependent on cell type and developmental stage.
Altered proline metabolism has been linked to metastasis formation in breast cancer.