hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forest glass
Forest glass  (German: Waldglas) is a type of medieval glass produced in northwestern and central Europe from approximately 1000–1700 AD using wood ash and sand as the main raw materials and made in factories known as glasshouses in forest areas. It is characterized by a variety of greenish-yellow colors, the earlier products often being of crude design and poor quality, and was used mainly for everyday vessels and increasingly for ecclesiastical stained glass windows. Its composition and manufacture contrast sharply with Roman and pre-Roman glassmaking, centered on Mediterranean and contemporaneous Byzantine and Islamic glassmaking to the east.

Wood ash
Wood ash is the powdery residue remaining after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a fireplace, bonfire, or an industrial power plant. It is largely composed of calcium compounds, along with other non-combustible trace elements present in the wood, and has been used for many purposes throughout history.
Arsenius Autoreianos
Arsenius of Constantinople (Latinised as Arsenius Autoreianus; Greek: Ἀρσένιος Αὐτωρειανός; c. 1200 – 30 September 1273), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, lived about the middle of the 13th century.

Born in Constantinople c. 1200 and related to previous Patriarch Michael IV of Constantinople, Arsenius received his education in Nicaea at a monastery of which he later became the abbot, though not in orders. Subsequently, he gave himself up to a life of solitary asceticism in a Bithynian monastery and is said to have remained some time in a monastery on Mount Athos.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Załuski Library
The Załuski Library (Polish: Biblioteka Załuskich, Latin: Bibliotheca Zalusciana) established in Warsaw in 1747 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops, was a public library nationalized and renamed upon its founders' death into the Załuski Library of the Commonwealth (Polish: Biblioteka Rzeczypospolitej Załuskich) which existed until the final demise of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
2 Champions of Shaolin
2 Champions of Shaolin (Chinese: 少林與武當; alternatively titled Two Champions Of Death and Shaolin Vs Wu-Tang) is a 1980 Shaw Brothers film directed by Chang Cheh. Starring the Venom Mob, it continues the then-popular theme of feuds between Shaolin and the Wu-Tang Clan.

Lu Feng (actor)
Lu Feng (born April 3, 1956) is a Taiwanese-born Hong Kong-based martial artist actor, action choreographer, and director. Lu gained international prominence in 1978 for starring in the Shaw Brothers film Five Deadly Venoms, earning him and the rest of the cast the collective moniker of Venom Mob. He was part of Chang Cheh's ensemble of fourth generation actors along with Chiang Sheng, Philip Kwok, Lo Mang, and Sun Chien.
9th Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment
The 9th Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 9 Pulk Ulanow Malopolskich) was a cavalry regiment of the Polish Army, formed on November 21, 1918. Its first commandant was Rittmeister (Rotmistrz) Józef Dunin-Borkowski. The regiment fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. In the Second Polish Republic, it was garrisoned in the towns of Czortków and Trembowla, and in 1939, it was part of Podolska Cavalry Brigade. The 9th Regiment was named after historic Polish province of Lesser Poland.

Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.
Indonesian Ulama Council
Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesian: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Arabic: مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on 26 July 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah (LDII), and smaller groups such as Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI, and Al Ittihadiyyah.

The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members. In 2005, MUI released the fatwa to prohibit Ahmadiyya as deviant sect of Islam and lobbied the President to ban the expelled religious sect.

President of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.

The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
Kotulin, Łódź Voivodeship
Kotulin [kɔˈtulin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Rogów, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Brzeziny, and 30 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny, Brzeziny County
Brzeziny ([bʐɛˈʑinɨ]; Yiddish: ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km (12 mi) east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It is situated on the Mrożyca River within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Örencik
Örencik can refer to the following villages in Turkey:

Örencik, Bolu

Örencik, Bozdoğan

Örencik, Çorum

Örencik, Daday

Örencik, Gerede

Örencik, Gölbaşı

Örencik, Göynük

Örencik, Hocalar

Örencik, Karacabey

Örencik, Kargı

Örencik, Kastamonu

Örencik, Kazan

Örencik, Kızılcahamam

Örencik, Mudurnu

Örencik, Palu

Örencik, Şanlıurfa

Örencik, Vezirköprü

Örencik, Yenice

Örencik, Yeşilova

Örencik, Zonguldak

Örencik, Kahramankazan
Örencik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kahramankazan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 183 (2022). To differentiate it from the other nearby Örencik village in the District of Kızılcahamam, people in the area call Örencik "Leblebi Örencik" for its production of leblebis, or roasted chickpeas, while calling the other village "Çakmak Örencik."
Kedar Bhave
Kedar Bhave (born 18 March 1959) was an Indian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler who played for Maharashtra. He was born in Poona.

Bhave made his cricketing debut in the CK Nayudu Trophy competition of 1979–80, playing two matches for Maharashtra Under-22s, scoring 9 runs. He played a single further match in the competition.

Bhave made a single first-class appearance for Maharashtra, during the 1987–88 season, against Gujarat. In the only innings in which he batted, he scored a duck.

He bowled 18 overs in the match, conceding 45 runs.

Bhave's brother, Surendra, played for Maharashtra for 15 years.

Gujarat cricket team
The Gujarat cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Saurashtra cricket team).

Led by Parthiv Patel, Gujarat won their maiden Ranji Trophy title in the 2016–17 season, beating Mumbai in the final at Indore. In that match they made the highest successful run-chase in the final of the Ranji Trophy.

It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy although it has had very little success. There have, however, been many cricketers that have passed through its ranks and gone on to play for the Indian cricket team. It falls under the West Zone in the Duleep Trophy.
UIT rail
The UIT rail, also known as Anschutz rail, is a standard used for mounting slings and other gun accessories in competition shooting, and is essentially a T-slot track shaped aluminium extrusion profile accepting attachments in the form of T-slot nuts, or similar.

A similar design is called Freeland rail, but the dimensions of Anschütz (UIT) and Freeland rails differ. The Anschütz rail is wide and shallow, and the Freeland is  narrower and deeper. Accessories made for one of the two types are not necessarily compatible with the other.

T-slot structural framing
T-slot structural framing is a framing system consisting of lengths of square or rectangular extruded aluminium, typically 6105-T5 aluminium alloy, with a T-slot down the centerline of one or more sides.

It is also known under several generic names, such as aluminium extrusion, aluminium profile and 2020 extrusion if the cross-section is 20x20 mm, alongside brand names, such as 80/20 framing.

While the precise history of the T-slot framing system is not known, advancement in extrusion press technology in the early 1950s allowed for economic production of aluminium profiles, and examples of use can be found from the early 1960s.

Although no published standard defines the system, it is produced in a series of conventional sizes which allows for compatibility between manufacturers.

There is a variation on T-slot profiles known as V-slot rails where V-slot wheels are slotted into the V-shaped channels of the framing for linear motion in a 3D printer or other CNC machine.
Second Honeymoon (1930 film)
Second Honeymoon is a 1930 American silent (with sound sequences) comedy-drama film, directed by Phil Rosen. It stars Josephine Dunn, Edward Earle, and Ernest Hilliard, and was released in September 1930.

Phil Rosen
Philip E. Rosen (May 8, 1888 – October 22, 1951) was an American film director and cinematographer. He directed more than 140 films between 1915 and 1949.

He was born in Marienburg, German Empire (now, Malbork, Poland), grew up in Machias, Maine, and died in Hollywood, California, of a heart attack. He was one of the founders of the American Society of Cinematographers. Rosen was married to model and actress Joyzelle Joyner.

Rosen was meant to direct The Mad Dog of Europe, a film written by Herman J. Mankiewicz with Rudolph Hitler as its central character, but the film was never made.
Kosman (surname)
Kosman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Admiel Kosman (born 1957), Israeli poet and Talmudist

Aryeh Kosman (1935–2021), American philosopher

Joshua Kosman (born 1959), American music critic

Marceli Kosman (1940–2023), Polish historian

Mike Kosman (1917–2002), American baseball player

Marceli Kosman
Marceli Kosman (8 May 1940 – 29 December 2023) was a Polish historian who was a professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM).

Kosman finished secondary school in 1957. Then he went on to study at the UAM in Poznań. He gained MA in history in 1962 and PhD in 1966. The title of Kosman's doctoral thesis was Dokumenty i kancelaria wielkiego księcia Witolda. His supervisor was Henryk Łowmiański.

From 1961 to 1968 he was teacher in the liceum in Izbica Kujawska. In 1971 he passed his habilitation.

Kosman died on 29 December 2023, at the age of 83.
Colville Park A.F.C.
Colville Park E Amateur Football Club is a Scottish amateur football club based in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire. In 2016 they competed in the Scottish Cup for the first time after winning the previous season's Scottish Amateur Cup, and repeated this feat in 2017 and 2019. The team colours are white and blue.

Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.
Hung Shui Kiu station
Hung Shui Kiu (Chinese: 洪水橋) is an under construction MTR station on the Tuen Ma line. It will be located at Hung Shui Kiu, Yuen Long.

It is expected to cost HK$4.1 billion in December 2018 prices.

The station may also be served by the proposed Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link between Hong Kong International Airport, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Foshan Shadi Airport.

In March 2024, the Executive Council of Hong Kong approved the construction of the station. The station is expected to be finished by 2030.

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Męskie Granie
Męskie Granie (English: Masculine Playing) is a concert tour, initiated by Żywiec Brewery. It is organized each year in the summer in major Polish cities, with the addition of the town Żywiec. The first edition was held in 2010.

The aim of the tour is to present the creative side of Polish music scene and to encourage the audience to listen to musical experiments, such as jazz musicians playing with rappers. Major Polish artists participate in the tour.

Fisz
Fisz (born Bartosz Waglewski 19 March 1978) is a Polish rap artist.

The musical style of Fisz is unconventional. At the very beginning of his career he started out as a hip hop artist, but went experimental soon after releasing Tworzywo Sztuczne – Wielki Ciężki Słoń in 2004. Fisz and his brother and producer Emade seek inspiration in black music giving soul, funk and jazz touch to their projects. His lyrics are often based on wordplay.
Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima
The Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima (Spanish: Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima) is a sanctuary dedicated to Saint Rose of Lima (born Isabel Flores de Oliva). It is located in the remains of Oliva's house, including the well used by the family, which serves as a highlight of the convent among visitors.

Because it was the residence of Rose of Lima and her family, it is also the location of the miracles attributed to her.

The sanctuary was inaugurated on August 24, 1992, after being remodeled. It also features a painting of the Saint carried by Miguel Grau among the Huáscar.

Miguel Grau
Miguel María Grau Seminario (27 July 1834 – 8 October 1879) was a Peruvian Navy officer and politician renowned for his role in the War of the Pacific. He earned the nickname "Gentleman of the Seas" for his kind and chivalrous treatment of defeated enemies and remains highly respected by both Peruvians and Chileans. Grau is an iconic figure for the Peruvian navy, and one of the most famous naval officers from the Americas. He commanded the Peruvian ironclad Huascar during the War of the Pacific. Known for his skillful naval tactics, Grau repeatedly evaded Chilean pursuers and harassed the Chilean coast.
Percival Vega Gull
The Percival Vega Gull was a 1930s British, four-seater touring aircraft built by Percival Aircraft Limited.  It was a single-engine low-wing , wood-and-fabric monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Hermitage and chapel of Saint-Thibaut
The Hermitage and Chapel of Saint-Thibaut is a former hermitage and chapel dedicated to Saint Theobald of Provins, in the Belgian municipality of Rendeux. The chapel was built on the site of a ruined medieval castle. It houses a reliquary containing the supposed head of Saint Theobald. A hermit lived on the site until 1968. The chapel and hermitage are today run by a non-profit association, and are occasionally open to the public.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Racing Post Novice Chase
The Racing Post Novice Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt chase in Ireland. The race is run at Leopardstown Racecourse in December, over a distance of 2 miles and 1 furlong (3,419 metres) and during its running there are 11 fences to be jumped.

In July 2025, Horse Racing Ireland announced that the race, which had been removed from the novice chase programme the previous season, would be reinstated at Leopardstown's Christmas meeting, with the Fort Leney Novice Chase deleted and the Faugheen Novice Chase at Limerick extended in distance.

The race is run on 26 December, which is known in Ireland as Saint Stephen's Day, and is one of the feature races of the course's four-day Christmas Festival.

Prior to 2011 it was titled the Bord Na Mona With Nature Novice Chase. Prior to 2009 it was titled the Durkan New Homes Novice Chase. During the 1990s the race was known as the Dennys Gold Medal Novice Chase.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Greenbah, New South Wales
Greenbah, New South Wales is a bounded rural locality in the Warrumbungle Shire and a civil parish of Gowen County, New South Wales.

Greenbah is located at 31°33′54″S 149°19′04″E  on the opposite bank of the Castlereagh River from Binnaway, New South Wales.

Warrumbungle Shire
The Warrumbungle Shire is a local government area in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is traversed by the Newell Highway. The Warrumbungle mountain range and Warrumbungles National Park are major tourist attractions for the Shire. Its seat is located in Coonabarabran, a town in the southwest.

The mayor of Warrumbungle Shire Council is Cr. Kathryn Rindfleish, who is unaligned with any political party.

The Warrumbungle Shire local government area sits on Gamilaraay land to the north-east, Wiradjuri land to the south, and Weilwan land to the west.
Dzintars Zirnis
Dzintars Zirnis (born 25 April 1977 in Riga) is a Latvian former football defender. He last played for Latvian First League club FK 1625 Liepāja. For almost his entire career, Zirnis played for FK Liepājas Metalurgs in the Latvian Higher League, making his debut in 1997 and playing there until 2013. He was also a member of the Latvia national football team.

Future League
The Future League (Latvian: Nākotnes Līga), prior to 2021 called the Latvian First League (Latvian: Latvijas Pirmā līga, 1. līga), is the second tier division of football in Latvia organised by the Latvian Football Federation since 1992.
Crimson Trail
Crimson Trail is a hike located near the southwestern mouth of Logan Canyon in northeastern Utah. The trail has a path along the top of a cliff formation that runs parallel to the sides of the canyon. It has views of Cache Valley, Beirdneau Peak, Third Dam, and the Wind Caves through spring, summer, and fall.  It has many maples that turn red in the fall.  The looped trail begins and ends at Spring Hollow Campground, and is about five miles total hiking.

Beirdneau Peak
Beirdneau Peak is a mountain located in the Bear River Range of northern Utah in the United States. The mountain is roughly 8,900 feet (2,700 m) in height and a popular site for outdoor activities. It borders on Mount Logan and forms the walls of both Logan Canyon and Green Canyon.