hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spinc structure
In spin geometry, a spinc structure (or complex spin structure) is a generalization of a spin structure. In mathematics, these are used to describe spinor bundles and spinors, which in physics are used to describe spin, an intrinsic angular momentum of particles after which they have been named. Since spinc structures also exist under weakened conditions, which might not allow spin structures, they provide a suitable alternative for such situations. Orientable manifolds with a spinc structure are called spinc manifolds. C stands for the complex numbers, which are denoted  and appear in the definition of the underlying spinc group.

In four dimensions, a spinc structure defines two complex plane bundles, which can be used to describe negative and positive chirality of spinors, for example in the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum field theory. Another central application is Seiberg–Witten theory, which uses them to study 4-manifolds.

Seiberg–Witten theory
In theoretical physics, Seiberg–Witten theory is an  supersymmetric gauge theory with an exact low-energy effective action (for massless degrees of freedom), of which the kinetic part coincides with the Kähler potential of the moduli space of vacua. Before taking the low-energy effective action, the theory is known as  supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, as the field content is a single  vector supermultiplet, analogous to the field content of Yang–Mills theory being a single vector gauge field (in particle theory language) or connection (in geometric language).

The theory was studied in detail by Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten (Seiberg & Witten 1994).
Dina Jacobsen
Dina Haeri (previously Jacobsen)  is a producer, screenwriter, director. |  | 
She was born in Iraq and grew up in 
Beirut, Lebanon.
She started her career as a researcher on BBC and appeared as an actor on BBC's Casualty.

She wrote, directed, and starred in the feature Coma Girl: The State of Grace (2005) which won Best Film at Cinequest Film Festival in San Jose, California.
She is currently producing a ground-breaking project about wildlife crime

Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival
The Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival is a prestigious annual independent film festival held each March in San Jose, California and Redwood City, California. The international festival combines the cinematic arts with Silicon Valley’s innovation. It is produced by Cinequest, a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is also responsible for Picture The Possibilities and the distribution label Cinequest Mavericks Studio LLC. Cinequest awards the annual Maverick Spirit Awards. In addition to over 130 world or U.S. premieres from over 30 countries, the festival hosts writer's events including screenwriting competitions, a shorts program,  technology and artistic forums and workshops, student programs, and a silent film accompanied on the theatre organ. Founded in 1990 as the Cinequest Film Festival, the festival was rebranded in 2017 as the Cinequest Film & VR Festival and expanded beyond downtown San Jose to Redwood City. It took its present name in 2019.
Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad
The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark Railroad began in 1846 (1846). It ran in Ohio from Sandusky to Newark. It was taken under control by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O Railroad) in 1869. The B&O Railroad built a new mainline in the 1890s west from Willard. It lowered the line from mainline status.

The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark Railroad was operated into the 1970s and 80s. Some parts are still in use. For example: Newark to Mt. Vernon and Mansfield to Willard. Other parts are abandoned.

Newark, Ohio
Newark (/ˈnjuːərk/ NEW-ərk) is a city in Licking County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located 40 miles (64 km) east of Columbus at the junction of the forks of the Licking River. The population was 49,934 at the 2020 census, making it the 18th-largest city in Ohio. It is most known for having the world's largest basket, former headquarters of the now defunct Longaberger Company. The city is part of the Columbus metropolitan area.

It is the site of much of the Newark Earthworks, a major ancient complex built by the Hopewell culture. The Great Circle portion and additional burial mounds are located in the neighboring city of Heath, Ohio. This complex has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is operated as a state park by the Ohio History Connection.
Hammerhead (novel)
Hammerhead is a 1964 spy thriller novel written by James Mayo. It was the first in a series of five novels featuring the spy Charles Hood, working for British intelligence. Hood's cover is that of an art dealer, and in this case he is sent by MI6 to infiltrate the luxury yacht of a villain, moored off the French Riviera. Hood discovers a plot to kidnap a British official at a major NATO summit and steal top secret documents.

Spy fiction
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of communism and fascism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies.  As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure (The Prisoner of Zenda, 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico-military thriller (The Schirmer Inheritance, 1953, The Quiet American, 1955).
Santa Rosa Creek
Santa Rosa Creek is a 22-mile-long (35 km) stream in Sonoma County, California, which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa by way of the Santa Rosa Flood Control Channel.  This article covers both the creek and the channel.

Coho salmon
The coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch; Karuk: achvuun) is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family and one of the six Pacific salmon species. Coho salmon are also known as silver salmon (or "silvers") and is often sold as medium red salmon. The scientific species name is based on the Russian common name kizhuch (кижуч).
Alexander Galchenyuk
Alexander Nikolaevich Galchenyuk (born July 28, 1967) is a Belarusian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently the head coach of Amur Khabarovsk in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). As a player, he participated in the 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 IIHF World Championships as a member of the Belarus men's national ice hockey team.

Galchenyuk was employed as an assistant coach with the Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League where he coached his son, Alex Galchenyuk, who was selected by the Montreal Canadiens third overall at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

2001 IIHF World Championship
The 2001 IIHF World Championship was held between 28 April and 13 May 2001 in Nuremberg, Cologne and Hanover, Germany.

It was the 65th annual event, and was run by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).
Pr/set domain 15
PR/SET domain 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRDM15 gene.

PRDM15 safeguards naive pluripotency by transcriptionally regulating WNT and MAPK-ERK signaling.

PRDM15 modulates WNT and MAPK/ERK signaling by directly promoting the expression of Rspo1 (R-spondin1) and Spry1 (Sprouty1). Mzoughi et al., have shown that PRDM15 binds to the promoter region of both genes, inducing changes in the local chromatin to promote their transcription. In a second report, the same team has identified a loss-of-function mutation in patients with holoprosencephaly and microcephaly. They used mouse models and embryonic stem cells to uncover an unexpected link between Notch and WNT/PCP signaling and early embryo patterning. Both pathways are deregulated in PRDM15 mutants, leading to patterning defects and a spectrum of anterior brain malformations.

R-spondin 1
R-spondin-1 is a secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the RSPO1 gene, found on chromosome 1.  In humans, it interacts with WNT4 in the process of female sex development.  Loss of function can cause female to male sex reversal.  Furthermore, it promotes canonical WNT/β catenin signaling.
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards
The Australian Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards was an annual awards show that awarded entertainers with a blimp trophy, as voted by children. The show was usually held during October or November and a televised show was produced, touted as the "biggest party for kids on the planet". The Australian Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards were discontinued after 2011 and replaced by Nickelodeon Slimefest from 2012, although domestic categories continue to be voted for and awarded during continuity carried during the annual tape-delayed airing of the main US ceremony.

Nickelodeon SlimeFest
Nickelodeon SlimeFest is an annual music and entertainment festival organized by the American children's network Nickelodeon. Originally held in Australia, other SlimeFest festivals were then held in various parts of the world, including the United States, which held its most recent edition in June 2019.

The event was set to return to the United States on 21–22 March 2020 at The Forum as a tie-in with the 2020 Kids' Choice Awards, however, the event was cancelled as a result of local health concerns about the international coronavirus pandemic.
Video game preservation
Video game preservation is a form of preservation applied to the video game industry that includes, but is not limited to, digital preservation. Such preservation efforts include archiving development source code and art assets, digital copies of video games, emulation of video game hardware, maintenance and preservation of specialized video game hardware such as arcade games and video game consoles, and digitization of print video game magazines and books prior to the Digital Revolution.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Kaldbukta
Kaldbukta is a bay in Van Mijenfjorden in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The bay has a width of about 11.5 kilometers. The large valley Reindalen ends into Kaldbukta. The largest river flowing into the bay is Reindalselva, and also Semmeldalselva and Kalvdalselva ends in Kaldbukta.

Nordenskiöld Land
Nordenskiöld Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is named after Finnish-Swedish explorer and geologist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. The coastal region of Nordenskiöld Land (Nordenskiøldkysten) has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese and common eiders.
CD-class naval drifter
The CD-class naval drifters were armed naval drifters constructed in 1917 for the Royal Navy in Canada. A hundred were ordered for use in British waters during World War I numbered from CD 1 to CD 100, of which 42 were transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy and 18 were transferred to the United States Navy. In British waters, they were used to patrol areas around Gibraltar and Bermuda. In Canadian waters, the Maritimes and in American waters, along the New England coast. Following the war, the drifters were either sold into mercantile service or scrapped. Some survived in British service to be used during World War II.

Naval drifter
A naval drifter is a boat built along the lines of a commercial fishing drifter but fitted out for naval purposes. The use of naval drifters is paralleled by the use of naval trawlers.

Fishing trawlers were designed to tow heavy trawls, so they were easily adapted to tow minesweepers, with the crew and layout already suited to the task. Drifters were robust boats built, like trawlers, to work in most weather conditions, but designed to deploy and retrieve drift nets. They were generally smaller and slower than trawlers. If requisitioned by navies, they were typically armed with an anti-submarine gun and depth charges and used to maintain and patrol anti-submarine nets.
Ontario, Oregon
Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It lies along the Snake River at the Idaho border. The population was 11,645 at the 2020 census. The city is the largest community in the region of far eastern Oregon, also known as the Western Treasure Valley.

Ontario is the principal city of the Ontario, OR-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Malheur County in Oregon and Payette County in Idaho.

Ontario is approximately halfway between Portland and Salt Lake City. It is the closest city to the Idaho border along Interstate 84. The city's slogan is "Where Oregon Begins".

Treasure Valley
The Treasure Valley is a valley in the western United States, primarily in southwestern Idaho, where the Payette, Boise, Weiser, Malheur, and Owyhee rivers drain into the Snake River. It includes all the lowland areas from Vale in rural eastern Oregon to Boise, and is the most populated area in Idaho.

Historically, the valley had been known as the Lower Snake River Valley or the Boise River Valley. Pete Olesen, president of the valley's association of local Chambers of Commerce, coined the name "Treasure Valley" in 1959 to reflect the treasure chest of resources and opportunities that the region offered. The valley has a very diverse terrain, from sage flatlands, to mesas, agricultural areas, and urbanized areas. As the Boise Metropolitan Area grows, more and more undeveloped and agricultural land is being urbanized.
Boayan Island
Boayan Island is the largest island in San Vicente, Palawan, Philippines. The island is not alienable nor disposable, categorized as timberland, and therefore remains government property belonging to the public.

San Vicente, Palawan
San Vicente, officially the Municipality of San Vicente (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Vicente), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 33,768 people.

It is home to Long Beach, the longest white sand beach in the Philippines, stretching approximately 14.7 kilometers, nearly three times the length of Boracay’s White Beach.
Hanam-eup
Hanam-eup (Korean: 하남읍) is an eup, or large village, in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.  It stands at the southern tip of Miryang, and looks across the Nakdong River at the northern tips of Gimhae and Changwon.

In the Silla period, Hanam-eup was a bugok, or stipend-village, known as "Susan-bugok" (穿山部曲).  In the Goryeo period, it was raised to the status of a hyeon, and later incorporated into Milseong-bu (now Miryang).

Noted local landmarks include Bronze Age dolmens in Namjeon-ri, and a monument to late Goryeo scholar-official Yi Sin, also in Namjeon-ri.  The Susan-je, a dike believed to date to the Samhan period, is also located in Hanam.

Although some manufacturing is carried out in Hanam, the local economy is dominated by agriculture.  Local specialties include potatoes, strawberries, cabbage, and sweet persimmons.

Nakdong River
The Nakdong River or Nakdonggang (Korean: 낙동강, pronounced [nak̚t͈oŋgaŋ]) is the longest river in South Korea, which passes through the major cities of Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Era.
Chavez Glacier
Chavez Glacier (73°55′S 101°15′W﻿ / ﻿73.917°S 101.250°W﻿ / -73.917; -101.250) is a glacier about 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) long flowing south from Canisteo Peninsula into Cranton Bay. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Pat Chavez of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Flagstaff, Arizona, co-leader of the USGS team that compiled the 1:5,000,000-scale Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer maps of Antarctica in the 1990s.

Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer
The Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument is a space-borne sensor that measures the reflectance of the Earth in five spectral bands that are relatively wide by today's standards. AVHRR instruments are or have been carried by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of polar orbiting platforms (POES) and European MetOp satellites. The instrument scans several channels; two are centered on the red (0.6 micrometres) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometres) regions, a third one is located around 3.5 micrometres, and another two the thermal radiation emitted by the planet, around 11 and 12 micrometres.

The first AVHRR instrument was a four-channel radiometer. The final version, AVHRR/3, first carried on NOAA-15 launched in May 1998, acquires data in six channels. The AVHRR has been succeeded by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, carried on the Joint Polar Satellite System spacecraft.
San Marcello Pistoiese
San Marcello Pistoiese was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pistoia in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Florence and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Pistoia. It has been a frazione of San Marcello Piteglio since 2017.

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
Conchiglie
Conchiglie (Italian: [koŋˈkiʎʎe]) are a type of pasta. They are usually sold in the plain durum wheat variety, and also in colored varieties which use natural pigments, such as tomato extract, squid ink or spinach extract. The shell shape of the pasta allows the sauce to adhere to it. 
There is a larger variation known as conchiglioni, and a miniature version called conchigliette.

Conchiglie are claimed to have been traced back to southern Italy, where they were traditionally made using durum wheat semolina.

Cephalopod ink
Cephalopod ink is a dark-coloured or luminous ink released into water by most species of cephalopod, usually as an escape mechanism. All cephalopods, with the exception of the Nautilidae and the Cirrina (deep-sea octopuses), are able to release ink to confuse predators.

The ink is released from the ink sacs (located between the gills) and is dispersed more widely when its release is accompanied by a jet of water from the siphon. Its dark colour is caused by its main constituent, melanin. Each species of cephalopod produces slightly differently coloured inks; generally, octopuses produce black ink, squid ink is blue-black, and cuttlefish ink is a shade of brown.

A number of other aquatic molluscs have similar responses to attack, including the gastropod clade known as sea hares.
Parallelogon
In geometry, a parallelogon is a polygon with parallel opposite sides (hence the name) that can tile a plane by translation (rotation is not permitted).

Parallelogons have four or six sides, opposite sides that are equal in length, and 180-degree rotational symmetry around the center. A four-sided parallelogon is a parallelogram.

The three-dimensional analogue of a parallelogon is a parallelohedron. All faces of a parallelohedron are parallelogons.

Translation (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean space, any translation is an isometry.
Cross-country skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Women's 10 kilometre
The Women's 10 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1964 Winter Olympics, in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 1 February 1964, at the Cross Country Skiing Stadium.

Cross-country skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics
At the 1964 Winter Olympics seven cross-country skiing events – four for men and three for women – were contested. The events began on January 30, 1964, in Seefeld, Austria. The women's 5 km race debuted at this Olympics.
Shrine Consolidation Policy
The Shrine Consolidation Policy (Jinja seirei, also Jinja gōshi, Jinja gappei) was an effort by the Government of Meiji Japan to abolish numerous smaller Shinto shrines and consolidate their functions with larger regional shrines. In 1900, the Shrine Bureau (Jinja kyoku) was created as a branch of the Home Ministry, and it was this organ that was responsible for the implementation of the policy.

The aim of the policy was to reduce the political influence of Shinto, bringing the remaining shrines under government jurisdiction and making them easier to control. Within the first twenty years of the policy, 77,899 Shinto shrines were closed, despite considerable local opposition. The policy remained in effect until the end of World War II, although its greatest impact occurred in the first six years after its implementation in 1906; by 1912, the rate at which shrines were closed had fallen considerably.

Setsumatsusha
Sessha (摂社, auxiliary shrine) and massha (末社, undershrine), also called eda-miya (枝宮, branch shrines) (collectively known as setsumatsusha (摂末社)) are small or miniature shrines entrusted to the care of a larger shrine, generally due to some deep connection with the enshrined kami.

The two terms used to have legally different meanings, but are today synonyms. Setsumatsusha can lie either inside (境内摂末社, keidai setsumatsusha) or outside (境外摂末社, keigai setsumassha) the main shrine's premises. Setsumatsusha are usually 1x1 ken in size. They can however be as small as beehives or relatively large and have 1x2, 1x3 or even, in one case, 1x7 bays.
Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr.
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr. (April 1, 1888 – September 12, 1969) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II. Allen was a decorated World War I veteran, where he commanded an infantry battalion at the relatively young age of 30 in 1918 and was wounded twice, and, after America's entry into World War II in late 1941, he commanded the 1st Infantry Division in North Africa and Sicily from May 1942 until August 1943. He was later selected to lead the 104th Infantry Division as divisional commander, a post he held until the war's end in 1945.

Fort Riley
Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, on the Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 101,733 acres (41,170 ha) in Geary and Riley counties. The Fort consists of six functional areas, including the Main Post, Camp Funston, Marshall Army Airfield (MAAF), Camp Whitside, Camp Forsyth, and Custer Hill. The portion of the fort that contains housing development is part of the Fort Riley census-designated place, with a residential population of 9,230 as of the 2020 census. The ZIP Code is 66442.