hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Susannah Clapp
Susannah Clapp (born 1949) is a British writer, who has been the theatre critic of The Observer since 1997 and is a contributor to the BBC Radio 3 Nightwaves programme.

Clapp read English at the University of Bristol, where one of her teachers was Christopher Ricks.

An editor and reader at the publisher Jonathan Cape early in her career, Clapp was a founder of the London Review of Books, where she was assistant editor. She is the author of books about Bruce Chatwin and Angela Carter, and is the literary executor of the estates of both authors.

She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2013.

In December  2013, after 14 years' involvement, Clapp resigned from the judging panel of the Evening Standard Theatre Awards following her objection to changes in the voting method. Allegedly, vote rigging occurred caused by the use of a secret ballot, rather than the judges making their case to each other as had been the previous practice.

Standard Theatre Awards
The Standard Theatre Awards, formerly the Evening Standard Theatre Awards, were established in 1955 and are the oldest theatrical awards in the United Kingdom. Awarded by The Standard newspaper, the awards recognise outstanding achievement in London theatre and are equivalent to New York's Drama Desk Awards.
Großschönau, Saxony
Großschönau (Upper Sorbian: Wulki Šunow, pronounced [ˈwulkʲi ˈʃunɔf]; Czech: Velký Šenov) is a municipality in the district Görlitz, in Saxony, Germany located in the cross-border region with the Czech Republic. It used to be a famous Upper Lusatian center of Damask fabric production until the end of the 1980s. Since then it has turned into an area of tourism.

In Großschönau is the historical sylvan lido Trixi Park, a spa which was expanded with indoor swimming pools, a sauna, camping ground and holiday flats. The town is a child-friendly starting point for hikers and cyclists alike who want to explore both sides of the Czech-German border area with its relatively attractive price level. Mount Lausche (793 m) is situated in the community of Waltersdorf and marks the highest peak of the Lusatian Mountains.

Görlitz (district)
Görlitz district (German: Landkreis Görlitz; Upper Sorbian: Wokrjes Zhorjelc [ˈwɔkʁʲɛs ˈzhɔʁʲɛlts]; Czech: Zemský okres Zhořelec; Polish: Powiat Zgorzelec) is a district (Kreis) in Saxony, and the easternmost in Germany. It is named after its capital Görlitz. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the district of Bautzen, the state of Brandenburg, Poland and the Czech Republic.
Semantic phonology
Semantic phonology is a model for sign language "phonology" proposed by William Stokoe (1991) It represents a notable departure from the models of the preceding 30 years, which were all based in large part on an earlier model originally called "cherology" but soon re-christened "sign language phonology". This model had also been proposed first by Stokoe.

Under this new model the parameter which under other models is analyzed as handshape is in fact the subject (or, as (Morgan 2009) argues the absolutive—i.e. subject of intransitive verbs and object of transitive verbs) and what is the parameter which is analyzed usually as movement represents the verb. Thus, even lexical signs represent full predications.

The "Semantic Phonology" model has largely been ignored by the mainstream of sign language phonology, which continue to follow a model more in "tune" with generative phonological models which grew out of the same Structuralist tradition as Stokoe's original cherology.

Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs.
1837 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1837.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
KBIQ
KBIQ (102.7 FM) is a non-commercial, listener-supported radio station licensed to Manitou Springs, Colorado, and serving the Colorado Springs and Pueblo metropolitan areas. It is owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), and it carries EMF's "K-Love" Christian adult contemporary network.

KBIQ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 72,000 watts. The antenna is on Transmitter Lane in Colorado Springs amid many local FM and TV towers. The signal reaches as far north as Denver and as far south as Walsenburg.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Morten Clark
Morten Avery "Specs" Clark (December 19, 1889 – November 17, 1943) was an American baseball shortstop in the pre-Negro leagues.

He was born December 19, 1889, in Bristol, Tennessee, and played professional baseball for the Birmingham Giants in 1908. He would play a large part of his career for the Indianapolis ABCs.

Clark died in Los Angeles on November 17, 1943, and is buried at the National Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. His World War I draft registration card showed him single, as of 1917.

Almost a decade after his death, Clark received votes listing him on the 1952 Pittsburgh Courier player-voted poll of the Negro Leagues' best players ever. (Some papers have him listed as "Martin" Clark.)

Birmingham Giants
The Birmingham Giants were a Negro league baseball team, based in Birmingham, Alabama, from 1904 through 1909.  They were the first black professional baseball team in the city.

C. I. Taylor managed and played for the Giants. His brothers Candy Jim Taylor and Steel Arm Johnny Taylor also played for the team.
2014 The Masters Grand Slam of Curling
The 2014 Masters Grand Slam of Curling was held from October 28 to November 2 at the Selkirk Recreational Complex in Selkirk, Manitoba. It was the first men's Grand Slam event of the season and the second women's Grand Slam event of the season.

In the women's final, Valerie Sweeting of Edmonton won her first Grand Slam title with a 5–4 victory over Olympic silver medallists Margaretha Sigfridsson of Sweden. In the men's final, Brad Gushue of St. John's won his first Grand Slam title with an 8–6 victory over Mike McEwen of Winnipeg.

Mike McEwen (curler)
Michael McEwen (born July 30, 1980) is a Canadian curler from Winnipeg, Manitoba, who grew up in Brandon, Manitoba. McEwen won six Grand Slams in his career before his team qualified for their first  Brier, Canada's national championship in 2016. He is noted as one of the top curlers using the Manitoba tuck delivery today. He is nicknamed "Magic" Mike McEwen.
Alykhan Velshi
Alykhan Velshi (born 6 February 1984) is a lawyer, policy analyst, and ministerial assistant. He has worked at the predominantly neoconservative American Enterprise Institute and was manager of research at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, where he co-founded the Center for Law and Counterterrorism with Andrew C. McCarthy. He has written pieces in support of George W. Bush's foreign and military policies. Velshi previously worked as director of issues management for Stephen Harper. He used to work as chief of staff for two leaders of the official opposition of Ontario, Patrick Brown and Vic Fedeli, who were then leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. Currently he is working in the private sector as Huawei Technologies Canada's vice-president of corporate affairs.

American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.
Marie-Christine Giuliani-Sterrer
Marie-Christine Giuliani-Sterrer (born 26 February 1965) is an Austrian politician of the Freedom Party serving as a member of the National Council since 2024. She has worked as a presenter and systemic therapy coach for ORF since 1988.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.
Joseph Cooke
Rev. Joseph Cooke (1775–1811), a Free Christian, was expelled by the Wesleyan Methodists on doctrinal grounds and became the inspiration behind the Methodist Unitarian movement formed under the leadership of another former Wesleyan, Joseph Ashworth.

Free Christians (Britain)
In Britain, the term Free Christian refers specifically to individual members and whole congregations within the General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches.

These Free Christians do not subscribe to any official doctrines or creeds, as found in other churches. Because of their historical connections with Unitarianism, they are known particularly for allowing dissent from Trinitarian doctrine (the belief that God exists as a Trinity). However, these Free Christian groups also welcome people who adhere to more orthodox beliefs, as the emphasis is on theological inclusivity rather than non-conformity per se.
Latarcin
Latarcins are short antimicrobial peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi. Latarcins adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure in the plasma membrane. Possible pharmacological applications for latarcins include antimicrobial and anticancer treatments.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
1989 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1989 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested May 31 − June 3 at the Clarence F. Robison Track and Field Complex at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah in order to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

These were the 67th annual men's championships and the eighth annual women's championships. This was the Cougars' fourth time hosting the event and the first since 1982.

LSU topped both the men's and women's standings, the first time this occurred in the eight years since the NCAA expanded the championship to include women's events in 1982; it was the LSU men's team's second team title (and first since 1934−a span of fifty-five years) and the third consecutive, as well as third overall, for the Lady Tigers. This would go on to be the third of LSU's eleven consecutive women's national championships in track and field between 1987 and 1997.

Provo, Utah
Provo (/ˈproʊ.voʊ/ PROH-voh) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front, and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City.

Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups. The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002.
Ivan Shuvalov
Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (Russian: Иван Иванович Шувалов; 1 November 1727 – 26 November 1797) was called the Maecenas (patron) of the Russian Enlightenment, the first Russian Minister of Education and Active Privy Councillor (1773). Russia's first theatre, university, and academy of arts were instituted with his active participation. A favorite of Elizaveta Petrovna of Russia and a friend of the scientist M.V. Lomonosov.

Active Privy Councillor
Active Privy Councillor (Russian: действительный тайный советник, deystvitelnyi taynyi sovetnik) was the civil rank (ru: чин / chin) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 2nd class and equal to those of General-in-Chief in the Army and Admiral in the Navy. The rank holder should be addressed as Your High Excellency (Russian: Ваше Высокопревосходительство, Vashe Vysokoprevoskhoditelstvo). If the Foreign Minister had the rank of the 2nd class, he could be called Vice-Chancellor.
Keith Barefield
Keith Barefield is an American former football coach. He served as the head coach at Evangel University in Springfield, Missouri from 1989 to 1998, Northwestern Oklahoma State University in Alva, Oklahoma from 2007 to 2011, and Southeastern University in Lakeland, Florida from 2014 to 2019, compiling a record of career college football coaching record of 144–66–2.

Southeastern University
Southeastern University is a private Christian university in Lakeland, Florida, United States. It was established in 1935 in New Brockton, Alabama, as Southeastern Bible Institute, relocated to Lakeland in 1946, and became a liberal arts college in 1970. It is the largest Assemblies of God educational institution in the United States.
Autographa buraetica
Autographa buraetica is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in north and north-eastern Germany, Scandinavia, Poland, Russia (from the Ural to the Pacific coast), Mongolia, Siberia, the Ussuri region, Korea and Japan. It has recently been recorded from Austria. In North America, it is found in Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and British Columbia.

The wingspan is 35–42 mm. it is very similar to Autographa pulchrina, which is usually lighter and redder in colour overall. Autographa jota is somewhat larger and usually predominantly pinkish-brown in colour, Autographa mandarina, on the other hand, is usually darker and shows a large gamma sign. In North America, Autographa californica and Autographa pseudogamma resemble buraetica. Because of the similarity to the above-mentioned species, a genital morphological examination must  be used for a reliable determination.

Ussuri
The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/ oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури [ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese: 乌苏里; pinyin: wūsūlǐ [ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km2 (75,000 mi2). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s), and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).
Simon Belmont
Simon Belmont (シモン・ベルモンド, Shimon Berumondo; Simon Belmondo) is a character who serves as the first protagonist to appear in Konami's Castlevania video game series. He appears in its namesake first installment, Vampire Killer, Haunted Castle, Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, Super Castlevania IV and Castlevania Chronicles, as well acting as a supporting character in Castlevania Judgment and Castlevania: Harmony of Despair. He also appeared as a playable character in DreamMix TV World Fighters and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. Simon has received positive reviews from critics.

Takeshi Obata
Takeshi Obata (小畑 健, Obata Takeshi; born February 11, 1969) is a Japanese manga artist that usually works as the illustrator in collaboration with a writer. He first gained international attention for Hikaru no Go (1999–2003) with Yumi Hotta, but is better known for Death Note (2003–2006) and Bakuman (2008–2012) with Tsugumi Ohba. Obata has mentored several well-known manga artists, including Nobuhiro Watsuki of Rurouni Kenshin fame, Black Cat creator Kentaro Yabuki, and Eyeshield 21 artist Yusuke Murata.
Dave's Picks Volume 57
Dave's Picks Volume 57 is a three-CD live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.  It contains the complete show recorded at the Uptown Theatre in Chicago on February 1, 1978.  It also includes the final song from the first set and the entire second set from the previous night's concert.  (Dave has stated that the remainder of the first set will be included in a future installment of the series.)  It was released on January 30, 2026, in a limited edition of 25,000 copies.

Dave's Picks is a series of archival live albums compiled by David Lemieux. Volume 57 is the first of four Dave's Picks planned for 2026, all with cover art by Chelsea Housand.

The Uptown Theatre, originally a movie palace, opened in 1925. From 1978 to 1981, the Grateful Dead played 17 shows at the Uptown.  The January 30, January 31, and February 1, 1978 shows comprised the band's first concert run at the venue.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
2008 Oregon Ballot Measure 63
Oregon Ballot Measure 63 (IRR 21) was an initiated state statute that appeared on the November 4, 2008 general election ballot in Oregon. It would have allowed homeowners to make improvements costing less than $35,000 to their home/real estate without first obtaining a building permit.

2008 Oregon elections
On November 4, 2008, the U.S. state of Oregon held statewide general elections for three statewide offices (secretary of state, treasurer, and attorney general), both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, and twelve state ballot measures. The primary elections were held on May 20, 2008. Both elections also included national races for President of the US, US Senator, and US House Representatives. Numerous local jurisdictions — cities, counties, and regional government entities — held elections for various local offices and ballot measures on these days as well.
Council of Ministers of Russia
The Russian Council of Ministers is an executive governmental council that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government. This includes the chairman of the government and ministers of federal government departments.

Nikolay Rumyantsev
Count Nikolai or Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev (Russian: Никола́й Петро́вич Румя́нцев; 3 April 1754 – 3 January 1826), born in Saint Petersburg, was Russia's Foreign Minister and Chancellor of the Russian Empire in the run-up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1808–12). He was the son of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky from the Rumyantsev comital family.
Ibn Zaydan
Abd al-Rahman ibn Zaydan (Arabic: عبد الرحمن ابن زيدان) (June 1873 – 1946) was a Moroccan historian and literary author. He was a member of the ruling 'Alawi dynasty and is considered one of the best sources on the history of his native city Meknes, but also on the 'Alawi dynasty. After the installation of the French protectorate he accepted the function of vice-director of the military school of Dâr al-Bayda in Meknes, today's military academy of the city. The Ithaf, his main work of eight volumes, comprehends hundreds of biographies, like those of the sultans Abderrahman and Hassan I.

Hassan I of Morocco
Mawlay Hassan bin Mohammed (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد, romanized: al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad), known as Hassan I (Arabic: الحسن الأول, romanized: al-Ḥasan al-Awwal; 1836 or 1857 – 9 June 1894) was the sultan of Morocco from 16 September 1873 to 9 June 1894, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father Muhammad IV. Mawlay Hassan was among the most successful sultans. He increased the power of the makhzen in Morocco and at a time when the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control, he brought in military and administrative reforms to strengthen his government within its complete territory, and he carried out an active military and diplomatic program on the periphery. He died on 9 June 1894 and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Aziz.