hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ring cent
The ring cent or holey cent was a one-cent pattern coin first struck in various compositions and designs between 1850 and 1851 as part of an experiment on producing a cent with a reduced weight and diameter, as the rising price of copper had caused cents to cost more than their face value to produce. Many varieties exist, with differing designs as well as differing compositions, including billon (standard), aluminum, copper, cupronickel, nickel silver, nickel, silver, and white metal.

Nickel silver
Nickel silver, maillechort, German silver, argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, or alpacca is a cupronickel (copper with nickel) alloy with the addition of zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver does not contain silver, but resembles it, which can make it attractive as a cheaper and more durable substitute. It is also well suited for plating with silver.

A naturally occurring ore composition in China was smelted into the alloy known as paktong or báitóng (白銅) ('white copper' or cupronickel). The name German Silver refers to the artificial recreation of the natural ore composition by German metallurgists. All modern, commercially important, nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain zinc and are sometimes considered a variety of brass.
Zhang Zhaoda
Zhang Zhaoda (517–19 January 571), courtesy name Botong, was a military general of the Liang and Chen during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. During the Hou Jing Disturbance, he raised troops in support of the Liang and became a prominent general through his association with the future Emperor Wen of Chen. Following the establishment of the Chen dynasty, he led several successful campaigns to pacify and consolidate the empire's territory in the southeast and far south, defeating the warlords Zhou Di, Chen Baoying and Ouyang He. He also led the first northern expedition of the Taijian era under Emperor Xuan of Chen, though the campaign yielded minimal success and he soon died of illness.

Liang dynasty
The Liang dynasty (Chinese: 梁朝; pinyin: Liáng Cháo), alternatively known as the Southern Liang (Chinese: 南梁; pinyin: Nán Liáng) or Xiao Liang (Chinese: 蕭梁; pinyin: Xiāo Liáng) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was preceded by the Southern Qi dynasty and succeeded by the Chen dynasty. The rump state of Western Liang existed until it was conquered in 587 AD by the Sui dynasty.
HD 34626
HD 34626, also known as MZ Aurigae, is an unusual variable star in the northern constellation of Auriga.  It has an apparent magnitude of 8.2 and is about 3,300 light years away.

The spectrum of HD 34626 had long been known to be unusual, with very broad lines indicating rapid rotation and emission lines marking it as a Be star.  In 1970, John R. Percy found that it varies in brightness by 0.1 magnitude over time scales of 8 to 12 hours, but these variations are not periodic. This indicates the variability is not caused by ellipsoidal effects, and the nature of the variability remains unknown.  It may be a type of SX Arietis variable. It was given its variable star designation in 1972.

HD 34626 has exhausted its core hydrogen and evolved away from the main sequence.  Its spectral type indicates that it is a subgiant, but evolutionary models suggest it may be in the giant stage.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Maurice Flynn (hurler)
Maurice Flynn (24 March 1869 – 25 July 1936) was an Irish hurler who played as a left wing-forward for the Limerick senior team.

Born in Kilfinane, County Limerick, Flynn first played competitive hurling in his youth. He was a regular for the Limerick senior hurling team during a successful period at the end of the 19th century. During his inter-county career he won one All-Ireland medal and one Munster medal.

At club level Flood was a two-time championship medallist with Kilfinane.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Luo Xia
Luo Xia (born July 14, 1992) is a Chinese baseball pitcher who plays with the Sichuan Dragons in the China Baseball League.

Li represented China at the 2012 Asia Series, 2012 Asian Baseball Championship, 2013 East Asian Games, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2014 Asian Games, 2015 Asian Baseball Championship,  and 2017 World Baseball Classic.

2015 Asian Baseball Championship
The 2015 Asian Baseball Championship was an international baseball competition that was held in Taichung, Taiwan from September 16–20, 2015. It was the 27th edition of the tournament.

South Korea won the title. Japan previously won five straight gold medals in the tournament since 2003.
Toshiya Miyata
Toshiya Miyata (Japanese: 宮田俊哉, Hepburn: Toshiya Miyata; born September 14, 1988) is a Japanese singer, actor, TV personality, voice actor, and novelist. He is a member of boyband Kis-My-Ft2 and its derivative group Busaiku (舞祭組) under Starto Entertainment. His nickname is Miyacchi.

Cardfight!! Vanguard
Cardfight!! Vanguard (Japanese: カードファイト!! ヴァンガード, Hepburn: Kādofaito!! Vangādo) is a Japanese multimedia franchise jointly created by Akira Itō, Satoshi Nakamura, Mitsuhisa Tamura, and Bushiroad president Takaaki Kidani. It currently consists of multiple anime television series, an official trading card game, a manga series, and an anime/live action film.
Nazareth College, Melbourne
Nazareth College is an independent Roman Catholic comprehensive co-educational secondary day school, located in Noble Park North, a south eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Established in 1986, the college currently caters for approximately 800 students in Year 7 through to Year 12.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Susaki, Kōchi
Susaki (須崎市, Susaki-shi) is a city located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 July 2022, the city had an estimated population of 20‚429 in 10672 households and a population density of 150 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 135.44 square kilometres (52.29 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Kualakaʻi station
Kualakaʻi station (also known as East Kapolei station) is an elevated Skyline metro station in East Kapolei, Hawaiʻi. The station is located alongside Kualakaʻi Parkway above its intersection with Keahumoa Parkway. The station opened on June 30, 2023, and serves as the western terminus of the line. A 900-space park and ride lot will be added at the station site eventually.

In Hawaiian, "kualakaʻi" means "to show the way, stand and lead". The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the ʻEwa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.

ʻEwa District, Hawaii
ʻEwa was one of the original districts, known as moku, of the island of Oʻahu in Ancient Hawaii history.

The word ʻewa means "crooked" or "ill-fitting" in Hawaiian. The name comes from the myth that the gods Kāne and Kanaloa threw a stone to determine the boundaries, but it was lost and later found at Pili o Kahe.

ʻEwa is used in Honolulu to indicate the western direction, in opposition to Diamond Head for the eastern direction.
Vitale Sala
Vitale Sala (April 17, 1803 – July 22, 1835) was an Italian painter.

He was born in Cernusco Lombardone, and died young in Milan. He was a pupil, along with Carlo Bellosio, of Pelagio Palagi. He died while assisting his master in the decoration of the royal palaces of the House of Savoy, including the Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi and the Castle of Racconigi.

Racconigi
Racconigi  (Italian: [rakkoˈniːdʒi]; Piedmontese: Racunis [rakyˈniz]) is a town and comune (municipality) in Piedmont, Italy. It is located in the province of Cuneo, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Turin, and 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Cuneo by rail.
Age of Consent (band)
Age of Consent is an English band from London, England. The indie pop duo consists of Joe Reeves and Darren Cullen who both started the band a year after the disbandment of their first group, Shitdisco, a Glasgow-based dance-punk band. The band is named after the song of the same name by New Order. Reeves and Cullen play a version of electronic dance music considered to fall under the gothic pop label and their self-described sound is considered "guitar-crazy and danceable" The band became well-known when their music was featured in the 2013 hit video game, Grand Theft Auto V. The game features two songs by the band including "Colours", an original song written for the game and is featured on the game's soundtrack, and their 2012 second single "Heartbreak" both featured in the in-game's indie radio station Radio Mirror Park.

Dance-punk
Dance-punk is a subgenre of post-punk that emerged in the late 1970s, and is closely associated with the disco, post-disco and new wave movements. The genre, which began originally as disco-punk or punk funk, is characterized by the incorporation of the angularity and syncopation of funk and the upbeat, danceable rhythms of disco into post-punk, art punk and more general punk rock. Its development is closely related to avant-funk, originally known as mutant disco. It was most prominent in punk in New York City, overlapping into the no wave movement.
Karl Kahl
Karl Nikolaevich Kahl (Russian: Карл Николаевич Каль; 1873, Riga - 20 January 1938, Tomsk) was a Baltic-German landscape painter, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule. He fell victim to the Great Purge of the late 1930s.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
Ryo Akiyoshi
Ryo Akiyoshi (秋吉 亮, Akiyoshi Ryō; born 21 March 1989 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows, Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, and Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
2001 zMax 500
The 2001 zMax 500 was the 3rd round of the 2001 Indy Racing League season. The race was held on April 28, 2001, at Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. Greg Ray won the race. Scott Sharp finished 2nd, and Buzz Calkins finished 3rd. Sam Hornish Jr. and Eliseo Salazar rounded out the top five, and Buddy Lazier, Jeff Ward, Shigeaki Hattori, Airton Daré, and Felipe Giaffone rounded out the top ten.

This race is notable for a crash that occurred on lap 53 which involved eleven drivers. Jack Miller, who was among the eleven drivers involved, suffered injuries that led him to retire from Indy Racing League Competition. This race also marked Greg Ray's final win in the Indy Racing League, and the final time that the Indy Racing League ever raced at Atlanta.

Cory Witherill, who made his IRL debut in this race and finished 22nd, became the first Native American driver to race in the Indy Racing League.

Cory Witherill
Cory Witherill (born December 17, 1971) is an American race car driver from Los Angeles who competed in the Indy Racing League, Infiniti Pro Series, Indy Lights, and ARCA series. He made an incredible bump day run on a brand new engine to qualify for the 2001 Indianapolis 500, becoming the only full-blooded Native American to race in the Indy 500. He finished nineteenth. In 2002 and 2003, with the collapse of the IRL team he drove for, he went to the Infiniti Pro Series driving for Ron Hemelgarn Racing. In 2002, he had eight podium finishes and one win at Nashville Superspeedway. He attempted to become the first full-blooded Native American in NASCAR.
History of Moncton
The history of Moncton extends back thousands of years, with its first inhabitants being the First Nations of the region, such as the Mi'kmaq. Located in New Brunswick, Moncton's motto is Resurgo, which is Latin for I rise again. This motto was originally chosen in celebration of the city's rebirth in 1875 after the recovery of the economy from the collapse of the shipbuilding industry. The city again lived up to its motto in more recent times, when the economy of the city was devastated once more during the 1980s as a result of the city's largest employers (the CN repair shops, the Eaton's catalogue division, and CFB Moncton) all departing the city in short order. The city has since rebounded due to growth in the light manufacturing, technology, distribution, tourism, and retail sectors of the economy and is now the fastest growing city in Canada east of Toronto.

Northumberland Strait
46°05′N 63°35′W﻿ / ﻿46.083°N 63.583°W﻿ / 46.083; -63.583

The Northumberland Strait (French: détroit de Northumberland) is a strait in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in eastern Canada.  The strait is formed by Prince Edward Island and the gulf's eastern, southern, and western shores.
Extendible bond
Extendible bond (or extendable bond) is a complex bond with the embedded option for a holder to extend its maturity date by a number of years. Such a bond may be considered as a portfolio of a straight, shorter-term bond and a call option to buy a longer-term bond. This relatively rare type of bond works to the advantage of investors during periods of declining interest rates. Pricing of the extendible bond will be similar to that of a puttable bond.

Sometimes, the bond may be structured so as to give an option to extend to the issuer. In this case, pricing will be similar to that of a callable bond.

Call option
In finance, a call option (often simply a "call"), is a contract between the buyer and the seller of the call option to exchange a security at a set price. The buyer of the call option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity or financial instrument (the underlying) from the seller of the option at or before a certain time (the expiration date) for a certain price (the strike price). This effectively gives the buyer a long position in the given asset. The seller (or "writer") is obliged to sell the commodity or financial instrument to the buyer if the buyer so decides. This effectively gives the seller a short position in the given asset. The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. The term "call" comes from the fact that the owner has the right to "call the stock away" from the seller.
Castlereagh East (District Electoral Area)
Castlereagh East is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Lisburn and Castlereagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council and contains the wards of Ballyhanwood, Carrowreagh, Dundonald, Enler, Graham's Bridge and Moneyreagh. Castlereagh East forms part of the Belfast East constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Castlereagh Area B which had existed since 1973, where it contained seven wards (Ballyhanwood, Carrowreagh, Dundonald, Enler, Gilnahirk, Graham's Bridge and Tullycarnet). For the 2014 local elections, it was decreased to six wards. The Gilnahirk and Tullycarnet areas were transferred to Belfast City Council, while Moneyreagh was gained from Castlereagh South.

2014 Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council election
The first election to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 22 May 2014, returned 40 members to the newly formed council via Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party won half of the seats.
Clinical health promotion
Clinical health promotion is prevention, which includes elements of health promotion and rehabilitation, which takes place in the health care system together with patients.

The intention is to focus on and integrate prevention into a patient's pathways to reduce disease progression, prevent complications and relapse as well as maximize coping and quality of life. Clinical health promotion emanates from the health care system where the patient is the active/activated part and hence the efforts also include elements of health promotion and rehabilitation.Emphasis is placed on keeping choice and accountability with the patient, as well as empathy, feedback and positive expectations for the patient. The target audience is patients and the arena may be primary or secondary care where professionals in interaction with patients are engaged in clinical health promotion.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.
William Lucas Root
William Lucas Root (1919 – April 22, 2007) was a noted American information theorist. 
As an early pioneer in the field, Root was instrumental in providing a mathematical basis for statistical communication theory.

Root was born in Iowa, receiving his bachelor's degree from Iowa State University in 1940 and master's degree from MIT in 1943, both in electrical engineering. He served as a Marine officer in World War II, in 1952 received his doctorate in mathematics from MIT, and subsequently joined Lincoln Laboratory, serving as head of its analysis group 1959–1961. From 1962 to 1987 he was Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan.

Root was an IEEE Fellow and received the 1986 Claude E. Shannon Award.

Claude E. Shannon Award
The Claude E. Shannon Award of the IEEE Information Theory Society was created to honor consistent and profound contributions to the field of information theory. Each Shannon Award winner is expected to present a Shannon Lecture at the following IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. It is a prestigious prize in information theory, covering technical contributions at the intersection of mathematics, communication engineering, and theoretical computer science. It is the highest honor given by the IEEE Information Theory Society and is also regarded as the highest award in the entire field of information theory.

It is named for Claude E. Shannon, who was also the first recipient in 1973.
Teofipol Raion
Teofipol Raion (Ukrainian: Теофіпольський район, Teofipol's'kyi raion) was one of the 20 administrative raions (a district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Teofipol. Its population was 32,247 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Teofipol Raion was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 25,353 (2020 est.)

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.