hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gustave Huberdeau
Gustave Huberdeau (10 May 1874 – 31 May 1945) was a French operatic bass-baritone who had a prolific career in Europe and the United States during the first quarter of the twentieth century. He sang a wide repertoire encompassing material from French composers like Gounod and Massenet to the Italian grand operas of Verdi, the verismo operas of Mascagni, and the German operas of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. He sang in numerous premieres during his 30-year career, including the original production of Puccini's La rondine in 1917. Although possessing a rich and warm voice, Huberdeau had a talent for comedic portrayals which made him a favorite casting choice in secondary comedic roles as well as leading roles. After retiring from opera in 1927, Huberdeau remained active as a performer in stage plays and in French cinema throughout the 1930s.

Verismo
In opera, verismo (Italian for 'realism'), from vero, meaning 'true', was a post-Romantic operatic tradition associated with Italian composers such as Pietro Mascagni, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano, Francesco Cilea and Giacomo Puccini.

Verismo as an operatic genre had its origins in an Italian literary movement of the same name. This was in turn related to the international literary movement of naturalism as practised by Émile Zola and others. Like naturalism, the verismo literary movement sought to portray the world with greater realism. In so doing, Italian verismo authors such as Giovanni Verga wrote about subject matter, such as the lives of the poor, that had not generally been seen as a fit subject for literature.
Starmer (surname)
Starmer is a surname. It is an English habitational surname, derived from Starmore in Leicestershire. Alternatively, it can also be derived from "Stermore near Stowe", which used to exist in Staffordshire. Variants of the surname include Starmore, Starsmore, Starsmoor, and Starsmeare.

Notable people by that name include:

Aaron Starmer (born 1976), American author

Charles Starmer (1870–1933), British newspaper proprietor and Liberal politician

Clement Starmer (1895–1978), English cricketer

Keir Starmer (born 1962), British politician and Prime Minister since 2024

Nigel Starmer-Smith (born 1944), English rugby union player, journalist and commentator

Victoria Starmer (née Alexander), British former solicitor, wife of Keir Starmer

Walter P. Starmer (1877–1961), English artist

William Austin Starmer, American sheet music cover artist

William T. Starmer (born 1944), American geneticist and professor

William T. Starmer
William Thomas Starmer (born 1944) is an emeritus professor of biology in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. Starmer is known for his work on population genetics, specifically the ecological genetics of the interactions between cactus, yeast, and fruit flies (Drosophila). Species of Drosophila and yeast have been named in his honor.
Pulse 360
Pulse 360, Inc was an online advertising and marketing network which was based in Getzville, New York. The company was founded in October 1999 under the name Kanoodle.  The company reached over 65% of online users monthly and also at one time reached 141 million unique visitors across over 1000 websites.  The ad distribution centered on highly visited national and local news sites across the United States including NBCNews.com, Comcast, Weather.com, and ABCNews.com.

The Weather Company
The Weather Company LLC is a weather forecasting and information technology company that owns and operates weather.com (the website for the Weather Channel), and Weather Underground. From 2016 to 2023, the Weather Company was a subsidiary of the Watson & Cloud Platform business unit of IBM. In February 2024, the private equity firm Francisco Partners completed the acquisition of the Weather Company, which operates as a standalone company.
Francis Curzon, 5th Earl Howe
Francis Richard Henry Penn Curzon, 5th Earl Howe (1 May 1884 – 26 July 1964), styled Viscount Curzon from 1900 to 1929, was a British naval officer, Member of Parliament, and racing driver and promoter. In the 1918 UK general election he won the Battersea South seat as the candidate of the Conservative Party, which he held until 1929. While in Parliament he took up motor racing, and later won the 1931 24 Hours of Le Mans race. He ascended to the House of Lords in 1929, succeeding his father as the 5th Earl Howe. In 1928, he co-founded the British Racing Drivers' Club with Dudley Benjafield and served as its president until his death in 1964.

Battersea South (UK Parliament constituency)
Battersea South was a parliamentary constituency, originally in the County of London and later in Greater London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the UK Parliament (using first-past-the-post voting).

It was created for the 1918 general election, when the former Battersea constituency was divided in two and the Clapham constituency was reduced in size, losing both of its Battersea wards of the four in total.  Battersea South was abolished for the 1983 general election, when the bulk of its territory was reunited with Battersea North to form a new Battersea seat.  The south of its area formed a new Tooting seat.
Burtnett
Burtnett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Earl Burtnett (1896–1936), American bandleader, songwriter, and pianist

Leon Burtnett (1943–2021), American football coach

Wellington Burtnett (1930–2013), American ice hockey player

Wellington Burtnett
Wellington Parker Burtnett, Jr. (August 26, 1930 – August 21, 2013) was an ice hockey player who played for the American national team. He won a silver medal at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

He died at his home in Wilmington, Massachusetts in 2013.
Marion Manola
Marion Manola (1865 – October 6, 1914) was a comic opera singer and actress. Widely popular on stage in the late 19th century, she transitioned to vaudeville in her later career. Newspapers of the time gave a great deal of attention to Manola's personal affairs, avidly documenting her relationships, activities, and illnesses. Manola divorced her first husband to marry popular actor John B. Mason, with whom she frequently performed. Their marriage was marked by illnesses, financial difficulties, substance abuse, and allegations of adultery. After their divorce, she continued to perform sporadically.

Manola famously objected to a surreptitious photograph taken of her on stage in tights. Her successful lawsuit against the photographer is cited in the influential law review article, "The Right to Privacy".

The Right to Privacy (article)
"The Right to Privacy" (4 Harvard L.R. 193 (Dec. 15, 1890)) is a law review article written by Samuel D. Warren II and Louis Brandeis, and published in the 1890 Harvard Law Review.  It is "one of the most influential essays in the history of American law" and is widely regarded as the first publication in the United States to advocate for a right to privacy, articulating that right primarily as a "right to be let alone". It influenced the development of the privacy laws of the United States.
Emma Kunz
Emma Kunz, also nicknamed Penta (Swiss Standard German: [ˈɛmə kʊnts]; 23 May 1892 - 16 January 1963), was a Swiss healer, researcher and artist. She published three books covering poetry, telepathy and prophetry and several geometrical drawings. The Emma Kunz Center in Waldstatt, Switzerland houses her collections.

Telepathy
Telepathy (from Ancient Greek  τῆλε (têle) 'distant' and  πάθος/-πάθεια (páthos/-pátheia) 'feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience') is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for a lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no good evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction.
Cork Racecourse
Cork Racecourse, also known as Cork Racecourse Mallow, is a horse racing venue at Mallow, County Cork, Ireland which stages both National Hunt racing and Flat racing. It is located 35 km north of Cork and 64 km from  Limerick

The course is right handed, one and a half miles round and has a straight sprint course of five furlongs. In 2017 work commenced on an extension to the straight course which will make it one of only two seven furlongs straights in Ireland.

The course was opened in 1924 and was originally known as Mallow Racecourse. It is close to Buttevant and Doneraile, where the first steeplechase was supposedly run in 1752.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Drag crisis
In fluid dynamics, the drag crisis (also known as the Eiffel paradox) is a phenomenon in which drag coefficient drops off suddenly as Reynolds number increases. This has been well studied for round bodies like spheres and cylinders. The drag coefficient of a sphere will change rapidly from about 0.5 to 0.2 at a Reynolds number in the range of 300000. This corresponds to the point where the flow pattern changes, leaving a narrower turbulent wake. The behavior is highly dependent on small differences in the condition of the surface of the sphere.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Džemal Perović
Džemal Perović (Albanian: Xhemal Peroviq, Montenegrin Cyrillic: Џемал Перовић, born 1956 in Ulcinj, SR Montenegro, SFRY) is a Montenegrin civic and political activist, former member of Parliament of Montenegro.

After the introduction of the multi-party system in Montenegro in 1990, he was one of the founding members of the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro (LSCG), he was a LSCG MP in the Montenegrin national assembly until the dissolution of the party in 2005. after the dissolution of LSCG, he returned to his hometown of Ulcinj, where he engaged in agrarian family business, as well local civic and political activism.

Parliament of Montenegro
The Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Skupština Crne Gore / Скупштина Црне Горе) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, with each member elected to a four-year term. Following the 2006 independence referendum, the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. Members of the Parliament are elected using proportional representation.
Frank Youngfleish
Frank Whiting "Yank" Youngfleish (May 7, 1897 – January 21, 1953) was an American professional football and local politician. He played as a guard and center during the early years of the National Football League (NFL). After graduation from Villanova University, where he played college football as a center, Youngfleish joined his hometown Pottsville Maroons for two seasons, in 1926 and 1927.

A native of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Youngfleish served overseas in the United States Army during World War I with the 103rd Engineer Battalion. He later served two terms as a city councilman in Pottsville, as director of public parks and director of finances, and was acting mayor of the city for two years during the illness of Claude A. Lord. Youngfleish died on January 21, 1953, at Pottsville Hospital.

Pottsville, Pennsylvania
Pottsville is a city and the county seat of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,346 at the 2020 census, and is the principal city of the Pottsville, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies along the west bank of the Schuylkill River, 52 miles (84 km) south of Wilkes-Barre. It is located in Pennsylvania's Coal Region.

Pottsville is located 47.4 miles (76.3 km) west of Allentown, 96.6 miles (155.5 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 135 miles (217 km) west of New York City.
Charca de Suárez
The Charca de Suárez is a wetland in Motril, Spain.  It is maintained as a nature reserve. Despite being small in area (13.78 ha), it is the most important wetland on the coast of the province of Granada.

The wetland is part of the delta of the River Guadalfeo. Most of the delta has been drained, initially for agricultural use, including the cultivation of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). Although sugar cane is no longer grown commercially in Spain, there is some on the reserve. It is not an indigenous species, but it provides cover for wildlife.

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum is a large, strong-growing species of grass in the sugarcane genus. Its stout stalks are rich in sucrose, a disaccharide sugar which accumulates in the stalk internodes. It originated in New Guinea, and is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide for the production of sugar, ethanol and other products. It is one of the most productive and most intensively cultivated kinds of sugarcane.
Baltimore Crew
The Baltimore Crew was an Italian-American  organized-crime group that ultimately became a faction of the Gambino crime family operating in the port city of Baltimore, Maryland, from about 1900 until the 1990s. It was originally an independent organization, led by the D'Urso family until the Corbi takeover in the 1920s. In 1955, Vincent Mangano of the New York–based Gambino family moved in and installed Louis Morici as the reigning caporegime over the area. The Corbi family acquiesced to the Gambino relationship, but maintained local leaders, simply answering to and accessing support from Morici and his New York Gambino connections. Throughout most of its existence, after 1920, "The Baltimore Cosca" was functionally headed by members of the Corbi family: Vito, and then his sons, Pasquale "Patsy" and Frank.

Vincent Mangano
Vincent Mangano (born Vincenzo Giovanni Mangano; Italian: [vinˈtʃɛntso dʒoˈvanni ˈmaŋɡano]; March 28, 1888 – disappeared April 19, 1951, declared dead October 30, 1961) was an Italian-born mobster also known as "Vincent the Executioner" as named in a Brooklyn newspaper, and the head of the Mangano crime family from 1931 to 1951. He was the brother of Philip Mangano.
Grand Morin
The Grand Morin (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ mɔʁɛ̃]; lit. 'Great Morin') is a 118-kilometre (73 mi) long river in France, left tributary of the Marne. Its source is near the village of Lachy. Its course crosses the departments of Marne and Seine-et-Marne. It flows westwards through the towns of Esternay, La Ferté-Gaucher, Coulommiers and Crécy-la-Chapelle, finally flowing into the Marne in Esbly.

Its main tributary is the Aubetin.

Coulommiers, Seine-et-Marne
Coulommiers (French pronunciation: [kulɔmje] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.

It is also the name of a cheese of the Brie family produced around that city. Coulommiers station has rail connections to Tournan-en-Brie and Paris.

The town has a statue to Commandant Nicolas-Joseph Beaurepaire who, in 1792, killed himself rather than surrender Verdun to the Prussians.
1947 Polish presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Poland on February 5th 1947, the last presidential elections until 1989. The president had to be elected by the newly formed Legislative Sejm among presented candidates. However, the only standing figure was Bolesław Bierut. Bierut received 408 votes, with the opposition Polish People's Party voting against by casting blank (24) or invalid (1) votes.

Polish People's Party (1945–1949)
The Polish People's Party (Polish Peasant Party, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe – PSL) existed in post-World War II Poland from 1945 to 1949. In a period of increasing solidification of communist power in Poland but with the political system retaining some formal adherence to multiparty democracy principles, the PSL was a broadly left-wing non-communist party that was not allied with the communists. The PSL was defeated by the communist-based bloc in the rigged legislative elections of 1947.
Prayurawongse
Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse (Thai: สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาบรมมหาประยูรวงศ์; RTGS: Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawong; 1788 – 26 April 1855), also known as Dit Bunnag (Thai: ดิศ บุนนาค; RTGS: Dit Bunnak), was a prominent Siamese statesman of the mid-19th century and served as regent for King Mongkut throughout the kingdom. He rose to the exalted rank of Somdet Chao Phraya — the highest noble title attainable during the Rattanakosin Era, carrying a prestige comparable to royalty.

He was widely referred to as Somdet Chao Phraya Ong Yai (Thai: สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาองค์ใหญ่). Earlier in his career, he was known as Chao Phraya Phraklang (Thai: เจ้าพระยาพระคลัง), Minister of Trade, and became the dominant figure in Siam's Western and foreign affairs during the reign of King Rama III. He later held the office of Samuha Kalahom (Thai: สมุหกลาโหม), the chief minister responsible for the southern half of the kingdom, from 1830 until his death in 1855.

Thai nobility
The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (khunnang, Thai: ขุนนาง) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), through the Thonburi (1767–1782) and early Rattanakosin (1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King Chulalongkorn ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932.

Thai noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.
Marc Hazelton
Marc Alexander Hazelton (born 17 October 1980) is a former English cricketer.  Hazelton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.  He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex.

Hazelton represented the Sussex Cricket Board in a single List A match against Shropshire in the 2nd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.

In 2002, he played a single first-class match for Durham UCCE against Nottinghamshire.  In his only first-class match, he scored 16 runs at a batting average of 8.00, with a high score of 11.  In the field he took 2 catches.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Media portrayals of transgender people
Portrayals of transgender people in mass media reflect societal attitudes about transgender identity, and have varied and evolved with public perception and understanding. Media representation, culture industry, and social marginalization all hint at popular culture standards and the applicability and significance to mass culture, even though media depictions represent only a minuscule spectrum of the transgender group, which essentially conveys that those that are shown are the only interpretations and ideas society has of them. However, in 2014, the United States reached a "transgender tipping point", according to Time. At this time, the media visibility of transgender people reached a level higher than seen before. Since then, the number of transgender portrayals across TV platforms has stayed elevated. Research has found that viewing multiple transgender TV characters and stories improves viewers' attitudes toward transgender people and related policies.

Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).
Cephalodina
Cephalodina is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Cephalodina acangassu Martins & Galileo, 1993

Cephalodina capito (Bates, 1866)

Cephalodina crassiceps Bates, 1881

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Latvia was set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Still Breathing" written by Samanta Tīna and Aminata Savadogo. The song was performed by Samanta Tīna. Songwriter Aminata Savadogo represented Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Love Injected" where she placed sixth in the grand final of the competition. The Latvian broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija (LTV) organized the national final Supernova 2020 in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2020 contest in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Nine songs were selected to compete in the national final on 8 February 2020 where a public televote exclusively selected "Still Breathing" performed by Samanta Tīna as the winner.

Latvia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest, which would have taken place on 14 May 2020. However, the contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Radio SWH Rock
Radio SWH Rock is a Latvian rock music radio station and part of the Radio SWH network. It primarily broadcasts rock music programming to listeners across Latvia. In 2023, the station received national broadcaster status in the country.