hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Voiced alveolar lateral flap
A voiced alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, found in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɺ⟩, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter ⟨r⟩ with a letter ⟨l⟩. Approved in 1928, the symbol represented a sound intermediate between [d] and [l] or between [r] and [l] until 1979, when its value was redefined as an alveolar lateral flap.

Some languages that are described as having a lateral flap actually have a flap that is indeterminate with respect to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either in free variation or allophonically depending on surrounding vowels and consonants.

Additionally, some languages have a voiced postalveolar lateral flap, which can be transcribed in the IPA with the retracted diacritic, such as ⟨ɺ̠⟩.

Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point. Typically, the comparison is made with a default, unmarked articulation of the same phoneme in a neutral sound environment. For example, the English velar consonant /k/ is fronted before the vowel /iː/ (as in keep) compared to articulation of /k/ before other vowels (as in cool). This fronting is called palatalization.

The relative position of a sound may be described as advanced (fronted), retracted (backed), raised, lowered, centralized, or mid-centralized. The latter two terms are only used with vowels, and are marked in the International Phonetic Alphabet with diacritics over the vowel letter. The others are used with both consonants and vowels, and are marked with iconic diacritics under the letter. Another dimension of relative articulation that has IPA diacritics is the degree of roundedness, more rounded and less rounded.
Daffodil International School
Daffodil International School is a school in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, owned by the Daffodil Group. It was founded in 2009. It has branches in Chandpur, Dhanmondi, Gazipur, Shohanbag, and Uttara, Bangladesh. It is associated with Daffodil International University.

Chandpur District
Chandpur District (Bengali: চাঁদপুর জেলা) is a district in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Established on 15 February 1984, it is famously known as the "Home of Hilsa" (Bengali: ইলিশের বাড়ি) due to its vast production and trade of Hilsa fish.
Portuguese Cricket Federation
Portuguese Cricket Federation, also known as Federação Portuguesa de Cricket is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Portugal. Federação Portuguesa de Cricket has its headquarters in Estoril on the Portuguese Riviera. Portuguese Cricket Federation is the Portugal representative at the ICC and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 1996. It is also a member of the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council).

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Arno W. King
Arno Warren King (August 2, 1855 – July 21, 1918), of Ellsworth, Maine, was a justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from June 28, 1907, to July 21, 1918.

Born in Lamoine, Maine, King graduated from Colby College in 1883, and from Boston University School of Law the same year. He was appointed an Associate Justice on June 28, 1907, and served until his death.

Boston University School of Law
The Boston University School of Law (BU Law) is the law school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston. Established in 1872, it is the third-oldest law school in New England, after Harvard Law School and Yale Law School. Approximately 630 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program (approximately 210 per class) and about 350 in the school's five LLM degree programs. BU Law was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students to study law regardless of race or gender.
McLeodUSA
McLeodUSA, based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was one of the nation's largest independent competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) during the years preceding its acquisition in 2008. The company also had offices in Springfield, Missouri, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and The Woodlands, Texas.

McLeodUSA provided integrated communications services, including local services, in 25 Midwest, Southwest, Northwest and Rocky Mountain states. The company is a facilities-based
telecommunications provider with, as of September 30, 2005, 38 ATM switches, 38 voice switches, 697 collocations, 432 DSLAMs and approximately 1,700 employees.

Competitive local exchange carrier
A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) is a North American telecommunications provider classification that emerged based on the competition model of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 in the United States. The act required the previously established incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) in each local market to provide infrastructure hosting and services to CLECs to enable competition with the ILEC.
Barker lever
The Barker lever is a pneumatic system which multiplies the force of a finger on the key of a tracker pipe organ. It employs the wind pressure of the organ to inflate small bellows called "pneumatics" to overcome the resistance of the pallets (valves) in the organ's wind-chest. This lever allowed for the development of larger, more powerful organs still responsive to the human hand.  These larger organs first flourished in France, e.g., the organ produced by Cavaillé-Coll at St. Sulpice. The first Barker lever was built in the Cavaillé-Coll organ of the Basilica of Saint-Denis.

This mechanism was named after Charles Spackman Barker (1804-79), engineer and organ-builder. A similar lever was developed by David Hamilton in 1835, and there has been debate whether Barker stole the design.

Pneumatics
Pneumatics (from Greek πνεῦμα pneuma 'wind, breath') is the use of gas or pressurized air to create mechanical motion in mechanical systems.

Pneumatic systems used in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases. A centrally located and electrically powered compressor powers cylinders, air motors, pneumatic actuators, and other pneumatic devices. A pneumatic system controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors, and hydraulic actuators.

Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining, and other areas.
A6121 road
The A6121 is a short cross-country road in the counties of Lincolnshire and Rutland, England.  It forms the principal route between Bourne and Stamford and the A1 in Lincolnshire, continuing on through Ketton in Rutland to its junction with the A47 at Morcott.  Its south-western end is at 52°35.5860′N 0°38.0820′W﻿ / ﻿52.5931000°N 0.6347000°W﻿ / 52.5931000; -0.6347000 and its north-eastern end is at 52°45.9120′N 0°24.0660′W﻿ / ﻿52.7652000°N 0.4011000°W﻿ / 52.7652000; -0.4011000.  The road has increased in importance with the rapid expansion of housing in this part of South Kesteven.

The road is deemed to start from its junction with the A47 to the west of the A1, therefore it is allocated to Zone 6 and numbered accordingly. It was the only A road in the Stamford area that was not a trunk road before the A16 was de-trunked in 2010 to become the A1175.

Trunk road
A trunk road is a major highway with a specific legal classification in some jurisdictions, notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and formerly Ireland. Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are important routes usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports and other places, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are of motorway standard.

The term trunk road, or trunk highway, is sometimes used more generically to refer to other categories of major highway.
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin.

It was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in 1980.

Propionic acid
Propionic acid (/proʊpiˈɒnɪk/, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H. It is an oily liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell. The anion CH3CH2CO−2 as well as the salts and esters of propionic acid are known as propionates or propanoates.

About half of the world production of propionic acid is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers.
Kingsmill, Virginia
Kingsmill is a geographic area in James City County, Virginia, that includes a large planned residential community, a resort complex, a theme park, a brewery, and a commercial park.

The Kingsmill area is between the north bank of the James River just east (downstream) of the site where the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown was established in 1607 and Interstate Highway 64. Highway access to most of the area's businesses and attractions is from U.S. Route 60 between the eastern city limits of Williamsburg and the adjacent community of Grove, or from Virginia State Route 199, which forms a semi-circular beltway of sorts around Williamsburg's southern side.

Bruton Parish Church
Bruton Parish Church is located in the restored area of Colonial Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It was established in 1674 by the consolidation of two previous parishes in the Virginia Colony, and remains an active Episcopal parish. The building, constructed 1711–15, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 as a well-preserved early example of colonial religious architecture.
Packard-Bentley
The Packard-Bentley Mavis is a one-off racing car. It is powered by a 41.6 L (2,540 cu in) Packard 4M-2500 V-12, developing 1,500 bhp (1,100 kW) and 2,000 lb⋅ft (2,700 N⋅m) of torque, sourced from an American World War II-era marine military PT boat.

The car was built by Vintage Sports-Car Club member and Napier-Bentley owner Chris Williams, and debuted at the Cholmondeley Pageant of Power in July 2010.

The Packard-Bentley is based on a 1930 Bentley 8-litre chassis, highly modified. The car also has 24 exhaust pipes, reflecting its engine's twin-port design. The steering column is offset and angled to allow it to clear the huge engine block.

The car is a very popular spectator attraction, both static and while being driven. As of 2019, it is now housed in Technik Museum Speyer, Germany, where it has previously featured in their "Brazzeltag" convention.

Pound-foot (torque)
A pound-foot (lb⋅ft), abbreviated from pound-force foot (lbf · ft), is a unit of torque representing one pound of force acting at a perpendicular distance of one foot from a pivot point. Conversely one foot pound-force (ft · lbf) is the moment about an axis that applies one pound-force at a radius of one foot.
First Impressions (play)
First Impressions is an 1813 comedy play by the British writer Horatio Smith. It was first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 30 October 1813. The original cast included Joseph Munden as Sir Thomas Trapwell, Alexander Rae as Fortescue, Robert Elliston as Harcourt, William Lovegrove as Sir Toby Harbottle, William Oxberry as Sapling, Benjamin Wrench as Professor Trifleton, Julia Glover as Laetitia Freemantle, Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin as Lady Trapwell, Sarah Sparks as Lady Anemone, Frances Maria Kelly as Louisa and Susan Boyce as Phoebe. It lasted for fifteen performances on its original run. Its Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 27 January 1814.

Benjamin Wrench
Benjamin Wrench (1778–1843), was an actor, born in 1778 in London, where his father occupied ‘a lucrative appointment in the Exchequer.’ He seems to have been grandson of Sir Benjamin Wrench, M.D., of Norwich (d. 1747, aged 82) (see Notes and Queries, 5th ser. v. 48). His father died before he reached his seventh year, and having declined a proffered living and a commission in the army offered by General Tryon, a relative, Wrench adopted the stage as a profession, making his first appearance at Stamford.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the three U.S. representatives from the State of Nebraska, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.  The Primary elections were held on May 14, 2024.

Nebraska Republican Party
The Nebraska Republican Party (NEGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nebraska. The party is led by chair Mary Jane Truemper. Its headquarters is located in Lincoln. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all of Nebraska's three U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the state legislature, and the governorship.
Preloved (album)
Preloved is the fifth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in September 2010 and peaked at number 32 on the ARIA Charts.

In an interview with the Newcastle Herald in December 2010, Cole said; "Preloved is a bunch of songs that helped shape me from birth till now. The original list was more than 200 songs long but I managed to whittle it down to 12, albeit a hard task! There's quite a bit of country influence on the album, of course, but some of these songs weren't originally intended for a country audience. They sound pretty rootsy now."

Newcastle Herald
The Newcastle Herald (formerly branded as The Herald) is a local tabloid newspaper published daily, Monday to Saturday, in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is the only local newspaper that serves the greater Hunter Region and Central Coast region six days a week. It is owned by Australian Community Media.
Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserve
Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserve is a 1,404-acre (568 ha) Natural Area Preserve located on Poor Mountain in Roanoke County, Virginia.  The preserve protects the world's largest population of piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla), a globally rare parasitic shrub.  The mountain derives its name from the fact that the soils on its slopes are poor, due to their base of metamorphosed sandstone bedrock. The preserve's pine-oak/heath woodlands include Table Mountain pine, eastern hemlock, several species of oak, and shrubs including huckleberry, mountain laurel, and fetterbush.

Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. The preserve is open to the public, with improvements including a small parking area and four miles (6.4 km) of trails.

Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia, the mountain laurel, calico-bush, or spoonwood, is a flowering plant and one of the 10 species in the genus of Kalmia belonging to the heath(er) family Ericaceae. It is native to the eastern United States. Its range stretches from southern Maine to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana. Mountain laurel is the state flower of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It is the namesake of Laurel County in Kentucky, the city of Laurel, Mississippi, and the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Bob Shemonski
Bob "Shoo Shoo" Shemonski (c. 1933 – c. 2001) was an American football player. He played college football as an end and back for the Maryland Terrapins and was selected in the 1952 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears.

Back (American football)
In American football, a back is a player who plays away from the line of scrimmage (as opposed to a lineman). Historically, the term "back" was used to describe multiple positions on offense and defense, although more descriptive and specific position naming is now common. Thus, "back" can refer to positions including:
Imre Tóth
Imre "Imi" Tóth (born 6 September 1985 in Budapest, Hungary) is a motorcycle racer who competed for 8 years in Grand Prix motorcycle racing in the 125cc the 250cc World Championships as a privateer. He last raced in the Superbike World Championship aboard a Yamaha YZF-R1. He previously raced in the Supersport World Championship. He now owns a Supersport team called Team Tóth, which started operating when he was in 125cc (he competed as a private his entire career). He is not related to László Tóth.

Yamaha YZF-R1
The Yamaha YZF-R1, or simply R1, is a 998 cc (60.9 cu in) sports motorcycle made by Yamaha. It was first released in 1998, undergoing significant updates in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2020.
Mojtaba Tehrani
Grand Ayatollah Agha Mojtaba Tehrani (Persian: مجتبي تهراني) (4 April 1933 – 1 January 2013) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' taqlid, which is described as "a high-ranking Shia cleric who is regarded as a source of emulation".

Tehrani studied at the Islamic seminary in Qum under the future Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and he wrote a personal Resalah, a legal manual of edicts on Islamic law. He was "imam of one of Tehran's largest and most important mosques". Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran attended his funeral procession.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
Yahoo (Gulliver's Travels)
Yahoos are legendary human beings in the 1726 satirical novel Gulliver's Travels written by Jonathan Swift.  Their behaviour and character representation is meant to comment on the state of Europe from Swift's point of view.  The word "yahoo" was coined by Jonathan Swift in the fourth section of Gulliver's Travels and has since entered the English language more broadly.

Swift describes Yahoos as filthy with unpleasant habits, "a brute in human form," resembling human beings far too closely for the liking of protagonist Lemuel Gulliver. He finds the calm and rational society of intelligent horses, the Houyhnhnms, greatly preferable.

The Yahoos are primitive creatures obsessed with "pretty stones" that they find by digging in mud, thus representing the distasteful materialism and ignorant elitism Swift encountered in Britain. Hence the term "yahoo" has come to mean "a crude, brutish or obscenely coarse person".

Economic materialism
Economic materialism, known colloquially simply as materialism, is a personal attitude that attaches importance to acquiring (and often consuming) material goods. The use of the term "materialistic" to describe an individual's personality or a society tends to have a negative or critical connotation. Rarely also called acquisitiveness, it is often associated with a value system that regards social status as being determined by affluence (see conspicuous consumption), as well as the belief that possessions can provide happiness, which has been critiqued as a lie brought about by capitalism. Environmentalism can be considered a competing orientation to materialism.

The definition of materialism coincides with how and why resources to extract and create the material object are logistically formed. "Success materialism" can be considered a pragmatic form of enlightened self-interest based on a prudent understanding of the character of market-oriented economy and society.
South Central Illinois
South Central Illinois is a region in the southern part of Illinois; its approximate boundaries are US 50 in the south, and Illinois Highway 16 in the north. With fertile soil throughout the region, agriculture is a chief industry here. Some of the largest communities in south-central Illinois are Alton, Collinsville, Edwardsville, and Effingham. There is also a South Central Conference (Illinois) of the Illinois High School Association, which includes the schools of Carlinville, East Alton-Wood River, Gillespie, Marquette (Alton), Roxana, Southwestern (Piasa), Greenville, Hillsboro, Litchfield, Pana, Staunton, and Vandalia.

Collinsville, Illinois
Collinsville is a city located mainly in Madison County and partially in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 24,366. Collinsville is approximately 14 miles (23 km) east of St. Louis, Missouri, and is part of that city's Metro East area.

Collinsville is the location of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site. This prehistoric urban complex is estimated to have had a population of thousands at its peak, long before European exploration in the area. The city is also known for the Brooks Catsup Bottle Water Tower, the world's largest ketchup bottle, and is billed as the world's horseradish capital.
Åsskard Church
Åsskard Church (Norwegian: Åsskard kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Surnadal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Åsskard. It is the church for the Åsskard parish which is part of the Indre Nordmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1876 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 250 people. It was the main church for the old Åsskard Municipality which existed from 1895 until 1965.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.