hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Public University System
American Public University System (APUS) is a private, for-profit, online university system headquartered at Charles Town, West Virginia. It consists of American Military University (AMU) and American Public University (APU).

APUS is wholly owned by American Public Education, Inc., a publicly traded private-sector corporation. APUS maintains corporate and academic offices in Charles Town, West Virginia. APUS offers associates, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees, in addition to dual degrees, certificate programs and learning tracks.

About 56% of APUS students reported that they served in the military on active duty at initial enrollment. About 55,000 military service members get tuition assistance for APUS schools. Another 16,702 use their GI Bill benefits for the schools.

Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs
The Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) is a United States–based organization offering educational accreditation services to business programs focused on teaching and learning.

Based in Overland Park, Kansas (a suburb of Kansas City), ACBSP was created to fulfill a need for specialized accreditation by colleges and universities with business schools and programs.
Neighbors United
Neighbors United (NU) is a non-profit organization founded in 2007, by the residents of Capitol Hill East. Neighbors United is an organization focused on providing academic, recreational, and technological programming to youth and adults in low-income communities within Washington, D.C.

In 2007, the Council of the District of Columbia granted Neighbors United $350,000 to implement youth programming. Funding was presented in the form of an earmark (politics), which was backed by politicians Tommy Wells and Kwame R. Brown.

Tommy Wells
Thomas Clayton Wells (born February 27, 1957) is an American politician, social worker and lawyer from Washington, DC. He was a member of the Council of the District of Columbia where he served as a Democrat representing Ward 6.  Wells is now the director of the DC Mayor's Office of Policy and Legislative Affairs after serving as the director for the District Department of Energy & Environment (DOEE) for 8 years where he was chiefly responsible for protecting the environment and conserving the natural resources of the District of Columbia.
WPRO (AM)
WPRO (630 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Providence, Rhode Island. It is owned by Cumulus Media, broadcasting a news/talk radio format, which is simulcast in the Newport area on co-owned 99.7 WEAN-FM. The studios for WPRO and other Cumulus Providence stations are on Wampanoag Road in East Providence, at the Salty Brine Broadcast Center, named after WPRO's longtime morning host.

WPRO is powered at 5,000 watts, from a transmitter site co-located with the studios in East Providence. It has a non-directional signal by day. To protect other stations on 630 kHz from interference, at night it uses a two-tower array directional antenna.

Tower array
A tower array is an arrangement of multiple radio towers which are mast radiators in a phased array. They were originally developed as ground-based tracking radars. Tower arrays can consist of free-standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station.

The number of towers in a tower array can vary.
In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern, linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns (usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave), square arrangements are chosen.
Douglas Massey
Douglas Steven Massey (born October 5, 1952) is an American sociologist. Massey is currently a professor of sociology at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University and is an adjunct professor of sociology at the University of Pennsylvania.

Massey specializes in the sociology of immigration, and has written on the effect of residential segregation on the black underclass in the United States.
He has been president of the Population Association of America, the American Sociological Association and the American Academy of Political and Social Science. He is a co-editor of the Annual Review of Sociology.

Population Association of America
The Population Association of America (PAA) is a non-profit scientific professional association dedicated to the study of issues related to population and demography. The PAA was established by Henry Pratt Fairchild and Frederick Osborn, with funds secured by Margaret Sanger from the Milbank Memorial Fund. In its early years, the PAA was a coalition of population scientists, birth control activists, immigration restrictionists, and eugenicists.
Alternanthera helleri
Alternanthera helleri is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador.  It is believed to be green in color anywhere from 90 to 100% of the year depending on elevation. The leaves are considered to be highly toxic to humans and should not be consumed under any circumstances.

Alternanthera helleri is a fall-blooming species, it can be planted at any time of year, but the best time is early/middle fall, as this provides it with an optimum blooming window when it will be in season. It is very rare to find growing in the wild, and recent national park's and forest's efforts to remove hazardous plants such as this one have drastically reduced the numbers in the wild. It is still grown, however, in laboratory settings, where scientists try to analyze just exactly what makes it so toxic to humans. It is theorized that the plant produces a powerful hemotoxin, perhaps similar to oleander in nature.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
2011 Subway Jalapeño 250
The 2011 Subway Jalapeño 250 was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida on July 1, 2011. The race was 10th iteration of the event as well as the 17th race of the 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series. Kevin Harvick won the pole while Elliott Sadler led the most laps. But it was Joey Logano who made a last lap pass on Sadler to win the race after Logano started in 18th but had to go back and start 40th and got caught up in a spin on lap 26.

2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series
The 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 30th season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second national professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season included thirty-four races, beginning with the DRIVE4COPD 300 at Daytona International Speedway and ending with the Ford 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. During the 2010 season, NASCAR announced a few notable calendar changes, including race additions at Iowa Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway, and the removal of Gateway International Raceway from the schedule. Jack Roush won the Owners' Championship, while Ricky Stenhouse Jr. of Roush Fenway Racing won the Drivers' Championship with a second-place finish at the final race of the season. Ford won the Manufacturers' Championship with 212 points.
Nils Krister von Baumgarten
Nils Krister von Baumgarten (1674 in Kalmar – 1727 in Stockholm) was a Swedish military officer.

He served as a "Drabant – King's loyal guard" in the Great Northern War. He participated in the Landing on Humlebæk, the battle of Narva, Duna, Klissow, Pultusk, Thorn, Lemberg, Fraustadt and Stresow where he gave his horse to Charles XII, king of Sweden, after the previous one got shot. Right after he was appointed Colonel of Adelsfanan. He followed Charles to Norway and later, after the Swedish king's death, he stayed away from the military. In total he had fought in eighteen battles and was wounded five times.

Battle of Narva (1700)
The Battle of Narva on 30 November 1700 was an early battle in the Great Northern War. A Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Russian siege force three to four times its size. Previously, Charles XII had forced Denmark–Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal. Narva was not followed by further advances of the Swedish army into Russia; instead, Charles XII turned southward to expel August the Strong from Livonia and Poland–Lithuania. Tsar Peter the Great of Russia took Narva in a second battle in 1704.
Camaricus maugei
Camaricus maugei is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It has a wide distribution across tropical Asia, ranging from India to Vietnam, and including Indonesia (specifically Sumatra, Java, and Krakatau).

Krakatoa
Krakatoa (/ˌkrɑːkəˈtoʊə, ˌkræk-/), also transcribed Krakatau (/-ˈtaʊ/), is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group (Krakatoa archipelago) comprising four islands. Two of them are known as Lang and Verlaten; another, Rakata, is the only remnant of an island, also called Krakatoa, mostly destroyed by an eruption in 1883 which created the caldera.

In 1927, a fourth island, Anak Krakatoa, or "Child of Krakatoa", emerged from the caldera formed in 1883. There has been new eruptive activity since the late 20th century, with a large collapse causing the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami. A new cinder cone eventually grew out of its collapse scar from eruptions in the 2020s.
MSC Software
MSC Software Corporation is an American simulation software technology company headquartered in Newport Beach, California. Specializing in simulation software, it employs approximately 1,400 people in twenty countries and had revenues of US$230 million in 2016.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.
1975 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1975 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 75th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Kenmare entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 November 1975 at FitzGerald Stadium in Killarney, between Austin Stacks and Mid Kerry, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Austin Stacks won the match by 1-07 to 1-04 to claim their seventh championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Fitzgerald Stadium
Fitzgerald Stadium (Irish: Staid a' Ghearaltaigh) is the principal GAA stadium in Killarney, Ireland, and is the home championship venue for the Kerry senior football team.

Named in honour of one of the first great players of the Gaelic Athletic Association, Dick Fitzgerald, Fitzgerald Stadium was officially opened on 31 May 1936 by Dr O'Brien, the then Bishop of Kerry, and J. M. Harty, Archbishop of Cashel.
Mark Flood (artist)
Mark Flood (born 1957 in Houston, Texas) is an American artist.

Flood has been making art for 30 years and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Rice University in 1981. He sings in the band Culturcide under the stage name Perry Webb. Mark Flood is represented by Stuart Shave/Modern Art, London and KARMA, New York.

In 2012, Randy Kennedy wrote in the New York Times that Flood was "a founder of the underground 1980s band Culturcide" who "never sold enough work to say goodbye to his day jobs (Texaco office worker, elementary school teacher's assistant, video clerk, museum assistant").

Culturcide
Culturcide was an American, Houston-based experimental punk band, active from 1980 to 1990 and from 1993 to the present day. They were notorious for their 1986 album Tacky Souvenirs of Pre-Revolutionary America, which earned the band a cult following, but also several legal threats.
Guilherme de Almeida Prado
Guilherme de Almeida Prado (Ribeirão Preto, November 6, 1954) is a Brazilian film director.

Graduated in civil engineering while at the same time doing movies. He also served as assistant director of erotic films.

He founded the production company Star Films and made his first feature film, Flor do desejo (1984) which deals with the relationship between a young marginal and a prostitute in the red light from the port of Santos.

He was awarded the Festival de Gramado for the film A dama do cine Shanghai in 1988.

Cast into the Festival do Rio in the 2007 film Onde andará Dulce Veiga?.

Festival de Gramado
The Gramado Film Festival (Portuguese: Festival de Gramado) is an international film festival held annually in the Brazilian city of Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, since 1973. In 1992, the festival began to award Latin American films produced outside of Brazil. It is the biggest film festival in the country.
Calligram
A calligram is a set of words arranged in such a way that it forms a thematically related image. It can be a poem, a phrase, a portion of scripture, or a single word; the visual arrangement can rely on certain use of the typeface, calligraphy or handwriting, for instance along non-parallel and curved text lines, or in shaped paragraphs. The image created by the words illustrates the text by expressing visually what it says, or something closely associated; it can also, on purpose, show something contradictory with the text or otherwise be misleading, or can contribute additional thoughts and meanings to the text.

Handwriting
Handwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand. Handwriting includes both block and cursive styles and is separate from generic and formal handwriting script/style, calligraphy or typeface. Because each person's handwriting is unique and different, it can be used to verify a document's writer. The deterioration of a person's handwriting is also a symptom or result of several different diseases. The inability to produce clear and coherent handwriting is also known as dysgraphia.
Röcken
Röcken (German pronunciation: [ˈʁœkn̩] ⓘ) is a village and former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it has been part of the town of Lützen. The village is best known as the birthplace, in 1844, of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The house where he was born still stands today. Nietzsche is also buried in the town. Friedrich's father Carl Ludwig Nietzsche was the pastor here and is also buried in the village.

In 2006 the Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft mining company disclosed plans to demolish the village to mine for coal, but their plan met with opposition from the "Coalition for Action" with the motto "future instead of lignite". In a public hearing, 64% of the residents voted against drilling on community-owned land. In April 2008, the plans were officially dropped.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Manuel Huerta Ladrón de Guevara
Manuel Rafael Huerta Ladrón de Guevara (born 12 July 1960) is a Mexican politician. He has been elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies and the Senate and was a founding member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) in 1989 and of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) in 2011 (when it was a civil association rather than a political party).

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Fortifications of Vitré
The ramparts of Vitré are the fortifications built between the 13th and 17th centuries to protect the town of Vitré and Brittany against the French Kingdom. The city was located near the Breton border, near Maine, Anjou and Normandy. The ramparts cover an area of 8 hectares (20 acres) with a length of 500 metres (1,600 ft) and 200 metres (660 ft) width. The fortifications of the thirteenth century are the best preserved in Brittany.

Duchy of Anjou
The Duchy of Anjou (French: [ɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ; UK: /ˈɒ̃ʒuː, ˈæ̃ʒuː/, US: /ɒ̃ˈʒuː, ˈæn(d)ʒuː, ˈɑːnʒuː/; Latin: Andegavia) was a French province straddling the lower Loire. Its capital was Angers, and its area was roughly co-extensive with the diocese of Angers. Anjou was bordered by Brittany to the west, Maine to the north, Touraine to the east and Poitou to the south. The adjectival form is Angevin, and inhabitants of Anjou are known as Angevins. In 1482, the duchy became part of the Kingdom of France and then remained a province of the Kingdom under the name of the Duchy of Anjou. After the decree dividing France into departments in 1791, the province was disestablished and split into six new départements. The majority of its area formed the new Maine-et-Loire department and its remaining area split between the departments of Deux-Sèvres, Indre-et-Loire, Loire-Atlantique, Sarthe, and Vienne.
2012 World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2012 ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Wausau, Wisconsin, United States from 11 to 15 July 2012 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 14th edition of the competition for Juniors (U18) and the inaugural edition for the Under 23 category.

No medals were awarded for the men's junior C2 team event and the women's junior C1 team event due to low number of participating nations.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Versto
Versto is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aslak Versto (1924–1992), Norwegian politician

Astrid Versto (born 1953), Norwegian journalist and diplomat

Olav Versto (1950–2011), Norwegian journalist and editor

Olav Aslakson Versto (1892–1977), Norwegian politician

Stein Versto (born 1957), Norwegian poet, novelist, translator and folk musician

Stein Versto
Stein Versto (born 30 December 1957) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, translator and folk musician.

He was born in Vinje, and is the brother of newspaper editor Olav Versto. He made his literary debut in 1990 with the short story collection Ho blei borte i trappene, for which he was awarded the Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. Among his poetry collections are Innfalda tid, minne from 1995 and Snø i partituret from 2000. He wrote the novel Nidaros in 2013. His music album Urjen from 2011 contains tunes played on Hardanger fiddle. He also resided in Asker.
Tezozomoc (son of Itzcoatl)
Tezozomoctzin (Classical Nahuatl: Tezozomoc [tesoˈsomok]) was a son of Itzcoatl, the fourth Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan.

Tezozomoctzin never became ruler himself, but he was married to Atotoztli II, daughter of his cousin Moctezuma I (the fifth ruler)

They had three sons that each would become rulers: Axayacatl, Tizoc, and Ahuitzotl — would become the sixth, seventh and eighth rulers, respectively. A fourth son Huitzilihuitl is listed in the genealogy, but was never ruler and has no listed children.

His daughter Chalchiuhnenetzin married Moquihuix, ruler of Tlatelolco altepetl.

Tlatelolco (altepetl)
Tlatelolco (Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihco-Tlatelōlco [tɬateˈloːɬko], modern Nahuatl pronunciationⓘ) (also called Mexico Tlatelolco) was a pre-Columbian altepetl, or city-state, in the Valley of Mexico. Its inhabitants, known as the Tlatelolca, were part of the Mexica, a Nahuatl-speaking people who arrived in what is now central Mexico in the 13th century. The Mexica settled on an island in Lake Texcoco and founded the altepetl of Mexico-Tenochtitlan on the southern portion of the island. In 1337, a group of dissident Mexica broke away from the Tenochca leadership in Tenochtitlan and founded Mexico-Tlatelolco on the northern portion of the island. Tenochtitlan was closely tied with Tlatelolco, and was largely dependent on its market, the most important site of commerce in the area.
YouTube Copyright School
"YouTube Copyright School" is a video of the adult animated series Happy Tree Friends created for YouTube. It was uploaded by the official YouTube channel on March 24, 2011. It is created for YouTube users who infringe copyright for the first time, which results in their first "copyright strike." Afterwards, the user is sent to Copyright School, which contains the video along with a quiz where they need to answer a few questions.

The video has been disliked by many YouTube users.

Like button
A like button, like option, or recommend button is a feature in communication software such as social networking services, Internet forums, news websites and blogs where the user can express that they like or support certain content. Internet services that feature like buttons usually display the number of users who liked the content, and may show a full or partial list of them. This is a quantitative alternative to other methods of expressing reaction to content, like writing a reply text.  It is the most used feature on social media.

Some websites also include a dislike button, so the user can either vote in favor, against or neutrally. Other websites include more complex web content voting systems; for example, five stars or reaction buttons to show a wider range of emotion to the content.