hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bang Goes the Theory
Bang Goes the Theory or Bang is a British television science magazine series, co-produced by the BBC and the Open University, that began on 27 July 2009 and ended on 5 May 2014 on BBC One. Originally presented by Liz Bonnin, Jem Stansfield, Dallas Campbell and Yan Wong, the show employed a hands-on approach to test scientific theory and demonstrate how science shapes our world. From series seven, Maggie Philbin replaced Dallas Campbell as a main presenter and Yan Wong no longer appeared and the programme was subsequently cancelled after just two more seasons.

BBC Cymru Wales
BBC Cymru Wales is a division of the BBC and the main public broadcaster in Wales.

It is one of the four BBC national regions, alongside the BBC English Regions, BBC Northern Ireland and BBC Scotland. Established in 1964, BBC Cymru Wales is based in Cardiff and directly employs some 1,200 people to produce a range of programmes for television, radio and online services in both English and Welsh.

BBC Cymru Wales operates two TV channels (BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales) and three radio stations (BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio Cymru 2). The total budget for BBC Cymru Wales (including S4C's £76 million) is £151 million, £31 million of which is for BBC-produced television productions.
Atala Mosque, Jaunpur
The Atala Mosque, also known as the Atala Masjid, is a 15th-century mosque in Jaunpur, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was originally known as the Atala Devi Temple, a mandir dedicated to the Atala Devi goddess until it was destroyed in 1377 by Firuz Shah Tughlaq who built the mosque over the ruins of the temple.

The mosque is situated 300 metres (330 yd) from Shahi Qila (English: Royal Fort); 1 kilometre (1,100 yd) from the Jama Mosque; 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) north-northeast of Jaunpur; 7.3 kilometres (4.5 mi) northwest of Zafarābād; 16.8 kilometres (10.4 mi) north-northeast of Mariāhū; and 26.3 kilometres (16.3 mi) west-northwest of Kirākat.

Mariahu
Mariahu (Mariyahu) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its name Mariahu was given by the leader of Nanwag (Nandwak) Rajputs, King Naun Rao in 16th century on the name of Mandav Deo, the patreon deity of the Nanwag clan. The samadhi of Mandav dev is situated near to Chutka Devi temple which is in the east of tehsil. Mostly tehsil was ruled by Nanwag Rajputs who were the local rulers during 16th and 17th century. Baghi Sangram Singh, a leader of the Nanwags, revolted against the British East India company during the Rebellion of 1857 and defeated them on several occasions. It is one of the six tehsils of Jaunpur district, with the others being Jaunpur city, Shahganj, Machalishahar, Badlapur and Kerakat.
Zgornja Javoršica
Zgornja Javoršica (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnja ˈjaːʋɔɾʃitsa]; German: Oberjaworschitz) is a village in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

It is the birthplace of the Slovene poet Dane Zajc.

Municipality of Moravče
The Municipality of Moravče (pronounced [mɔˈɾaːu̯tʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Moravče) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Moravče. Moravče became a municipality in 1994.
Barren Creek (Bear Creek tributary)
Barren Creek is a stream in Polk County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Bear Creek.

The stream headwaters are just west of Missouri Route 13 northwest of Bolivar at 37°37′54″N 93°28′19″W﻿ / ﻿37.63167°N 93.47194°W﻿ / 37.63167; -93.47194. The stream flows southwest crossing under Missouri Route 32 and Missouri Route 123 to the east and south of Fair Play. The stream flows into the north side of Bear Creek 1.5 miles south of Fair Play at 37°36′31″N 93°34′29″W﻿ / ﻿37.60861°N 93.57472°W﻿ / 37.60861; -93.57472.

Barren Creek was named after Kentucky's Barren River.

Bolivar, Missouri
Bolivar /ˈbɒlɪvər/ is a city in and the county seat of Polk County, Missouri, United States. The city derives its name in-part from the South American revolutionary Simón Bolívar. According to the 2020 United States Census, Bolivar had a population of 10,772.
David Dutremble
David E. Dutremble is an American politician and firefighter from Maine. Dutremble is a Democratic State Senator from Maine's 4th District, representing part of York County, including the city of Biddeford and the neighboring towns of Kennebunkport, Arundel and Kennebunk. In 2012, he beat Independent James Booth to become State Senator, replacing fellow Democrat Nancy Sullivan, who was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. In 2012, Dutremble was named chair of the Inland Fisheries and Wildlife committee.

He resigned his seat on January 27, 2016, after already having said he would not seek reelection. He stated that he wished to focus on treatment for alcohol abuse.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Kishunpur Assembly constituency
Kishunpur Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in Supaul district in the Indian state of Bihar.

As a consequence of the orders of the Delimitation Commission of India, Kishunpur Assembly constituency ceased to exist in 2010.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
Berliner Gramophone
Berliner Gramophone was an American record label which was the first and for nearly ten years the only disc record label in the world. Its records were played on Emile Berliner's invention, the Gramophone, which competed with the wax cylinder–playing phonographs that were more common in the 1890s and could record. Its discs were identified with an etched-in "E. Berliner's Gramophone" as the logo.

Billy Golden
William Benjamin Shires (June 9, 1858 – January 29, 1926), who performed and recorded as Billy Golden, was an American blackface comic, actor, and singer who was a popular recording artist between the 1890s and the 1910s.
1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the second edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens tournament and the first to be held in Hong Kong. It was the last major sporting event to be held in the then British dependency before the transfer of sovereignty to China which took place just three months later. Fiji defeated South Africa 24–21 to take the title for the first time. The final is considered to be one of the best sevens matches of all time.

Dependent territories of the United Kingdom
There are a number of dependent territories of the United Kingdom throughout the world.  As dependencies, they are not part of the UK proper, but nor are they independent states. Each has its own distinct legally defined relationship with the UK, with the monarchy of the United Kingdom as head of state. The remaining Crown colonies of the British Empire were renamed "British Dependent Territories" from 1 January 1983 under the British Nationality Act 1981, and were renamed again on 26 February 2002 to "British Overseas Territories" by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. These territories fall into two broad categories: British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.
Constance M. Burge
Constance "Connie" M. Burge (born August 6, 1957) is an American television writer and producer. She is the creator of the television series Charmed (1998–2006) and the short-lived series Savannah (1996–1997). Burge was also a writer for Judging Amy, Ally McBeal and Boston Public, and has produced several other shows. In recent years, she has worked as a consulting producer and writer for Royal Pains (2009–2016), The Fosters (2016–2017) and Instinct (2018).

In 2000, Burge left her executive producer position on Charmed ahead of its third season after she reportedly became frustrated with the direction the storylines were going in for that season and because of disagreements with fellow executive producer Brad Kern. However, she remained on Charmed as an executive consultant until the fourth season.

Judging Amy
Judging Amy is an American legal drama television series that was telecast from September 19, 1999, through May 3, 2005, on CBS. This television series was produced by Barbara Hall/Joseph Stern Productions, CBS Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and starred Amy Brenneman and Tyne Daly. Its main character (Brenneman) is a judge who serves in a family court for the Connecticut Superior Court's Hartford district; in addition to the family-related cases that she adjudicates, many episodes focus on her experiences as a divorced mother and on the experiences of her mother, a social worker in the field of child welfare. This series was based on the life experiences of Brenneman's mother.
Skavlrimen Ridge
Skavlrimen Ridge (71°58′S 13°32′E﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 13.533°E﻿ / -71.967; 13.533) is a largely snow-covered ridge, about 3 nautical miles (6 km) long and surmounted in the north part by Vyatskaya Peak, located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) east of Dekefjellet Mountain in the Weyprecht Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Skavlrimen.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Skavlrimen Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
DB Class V 100
These DB Class V 100 diesel locomotives were produced in the late 1950s by the Deutsche Bundesbahn for non-electrified branch lines as a replacement for steam locomotives. The V 100 class was built in three different variants.

Decommissioned locomotives were also used in Austria by the Austrian Federal Railways during the 1990s and early 2000s, where they were registered as ÖBB Class 2048

History of rail transport in Germany
The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century. The earliest form of railways, wagonways, were developed in Germany in the 16th century. Modern German rail history officially began with the opening of the steam-powered Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-drawn Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long-distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839.
August Sørensen
August Emanuel Sørensen (15 November 1896 – 1 March 1979) was a Danish track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Helsingør and died in Frederiksberg. In 1920 he was a member of the Danish relay team which finish fifth in the 4 × 100 metre relay event. In the 100 metres competition as well as in the 200 metres event he was eliminated in the quarter-finals.

Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event was part of the athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on August 15 and 16, 1920. The event was won by Charley Paddock of the United States. Great Britain won its first medal in the event, a bronze by Harry Edward.

Sixty sprinters from 22 nations competed, while Estonia's sole athlete in the event, Reinhold Saulmann, was entered but did not start the 100 m. No nation had more than 4 runners, suggesting the limit had been reduced from the 12 maximum in force in 1908 and 1912.
Rebita
Rebita (or Massemba) is a traditional music and dance from Angola.  It is a genre of music and dance in which a circle of couples, led by a coordinator in the middle, dance in a traditional movement called Massemba.

Massemba means ”a touch of the bellies” and became a very popular dance in Luanda, and mixing with local rhythms it gave rise to Semba. Massemba was also taken by enslaved people to Brazil, at the end of the 18th century, giving rise to the Umbigada and the lundu, that later gave rise to Samba.

Massemba was referred to as Rebita when it was introduced to the Portuguese. This introduction occurred as a result of the Massemba gaining more popularity (as well as some Massemba artists introducing European instruments such as concertina) and eventually migrating to dance halls. In 2019, Angola applied for the UNESCO Intangible cultural heritage with the name Massemba as it's known in Luanda where it has its roots.

Umbigada
Umbigada (from Portuguese umbigo, "navel"),  sometimes translated as "belly bump" or "belly blow", is a dance move in various Afro-Brazilian dances. It is seen as a "basic feature of many dances imported to Brazil and Portugal from the Congo-Angola region", for example, samba, fandango, batuque, creole drum.

It is performed as follows: a dancer opens her arms and extends her navel  towards another dancer. The bodies of the two dancers may, or may not touch.

It is commonly used as an invitation to dance, e.g., during samba de roda ("samba in circle"). However it may also constitute an element of the dance itself.
Arrondissement of Ambert
The arrondissement of Ambert is an arrondissement of France in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 58 communes. Its population is 27,571 (2021), and its area is 1,229.8 km2 (474.8 sq mi).

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.
Bernard Rooke
Bernard Rooke (born 1938) is a British artist and studio potter. Rooke has exhibited his "Brutalist" ceramics and painting both in the UK and abroad with work in many collections both public and private including the Victoria and Albert Museum, Cleveland Museum of Art, Nuffield Foundation, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries, Leicester Museum, Buckinghamshire County Museum, Röhsska Museum in Sweden and the Trondheim Kunstmuseum in Norway. His work has become sought after at auction houses  in the UK and USA.

Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art and houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from around the world. The museum provides free general admission to the public. With a $920 million endowment as of 2023, it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States. With about 770,000 visitors annually as of 2018, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world.
Altynbek Sarsenbayuly
Altynbek Särsenbaiūly (Kazakh: Алтынбек Сәрсенбайұлы; 12 September 1962 – 11 February 2006) was a Kazakh politician who served in the Government of Kazakhstan before becoming a political opposition leader. At the time of his death, he served as the co-chairman of Nağyz Aq Jol.

In 2003, after a long career in senior government positions of Kazakhstan, such as Information Minister and Ambassador to Russia, Altynbek joined the opposition ranks in protest against what he regarded as the administration's authoritarian policies.

Soon after his decision to contest in the 2005 Kazakh presidential election, Altynbek faced government intimidation tactics, including a physical assault by unidentified individuals during a presidential campaign meeting with voters and the alleged beating of his two nephews in November 2005.

Government of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) is the collegial body that exercises executive power in the Republic of Kazakhstan; the government heads the system of executive bodies and directs their activities. The Government is formed by the President of Kazakhstan in the manner prescribed by the constitution. The current cabinet is headed by Oljas Bektenov, who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 6 February 2024.  The Government House is located on the left bank near Akorda at the House of Ministries at Mangilik el 8 ave in Astana. The length of the building is about 1.5 km. It consists of 20 blocks and has a stepped shape – from 8 to 10 floors. The total area of the facility is 228 thousand square meters. The outer walls are monolithic reinforced concrete, the finish is ceramic granite.
Haylan region
Haylan region (Somali: Gobolka Haylaan) is the area claimed, but Partially Controlled  by Puntland and established in 2003. In Somalia and Somaliland, it is designated as an eastern part of the Sanaag region. It is a disputed area with Somaliland.

Sanaag
Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Somaliland and Puntland, a state of Somalia.

Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland. Puntland claims only the Harti-inhabited parts of region to be part of Somaliland, while the latter claims the entire region - a claim based on the British Somaliland boundaries.
Rainbow Greens (Italy)
Rainbow Greens (Italian: Verdi Arcobaleno) was a green political party in Italy.

It was founded in May 1989 by splinters of Proletarian Democracy (Mario Capanna, Virginio Bettini, Gianni Tamino, Edo Ronchi and Paolo Gentiloni) and some leading Radicals (Adelaide Aglietta, Adele Faccio, Francesco Rutelli, Franco Corleone and Marco Boato).

It took part in the 1989 European elections, under the denomination 'Rainbow Greens for Europe' (Verdi Arcobaleno per l'Europa), receiving 2.4% of the vote and electing 2 MEPs, who sat in the Green Group.

In December 1990 it merged with the Federation of Green Lists (Gianni Mattioli, Lino De Benetti, Gianfranco Amendola, Alexander Langer, Enrico Falqui, Sauro Turroni and Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio) to form the Federation of the Greens.

Adele Faccio
Adele Faccio (13 November 1920 – 8 February 2007) was an Italian politician and deputy of the Radical Party (Partito Radicale). She was an advocate for sexual and reproductive rights, striving to give women the choice of whether or not to reproduce.
Perforant path
In the brain, the perforant path or perforant pathway  provides a connectional route from the entorhinal cortex to all fields of the hippocampal formation, including the dentate gyrus, all CA fields (including CA1), and the subiculum.

Though it arises mainly from entorhinal layers II and III, the perforant path comprises a smaller component that originates in deep layers V and VI.
There is a major dichotomy with respect to the laminar origin and related terminal distribution: neurons in layer II (and possibly layer VI) project to the dentate gyrus and CA3, whereas layer III (and possibly layer V) cells project to CA1 and the subiculum via the temporoammonic pathway.

In addition to playing a role in spatial memory learning generally, the temporoammonic branch (TA-CA1) of the perforant path mediates spatial memory consolidation. The temporoammonic pathway has also been implicated in stress-based animal models of depression.

It may also play a role in temporal lobe seizures.

Temporal lobe epilepsy
In the field of neurology, temporal lobe epilepsy is an enduring brain disorder that causes unprovoked seizures from the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal onset epilepsy among adults. Seizure symptoms and behavior distinguish seizures arising from the mesial (medial) temporal lobe from seizures arising from the lateral (neocortical) temporal lobe. Memory and psychiatric comorbidities may occur. Diagnosis relies on electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuroimaging studies. Anticonvulsant medications, epilepsy surgery, and dietary treatments may improve seizure control.
Arapsu Bridge
The Arapsu Bridge is a Roman bridge in Antalya, Turkey. The well-preserved footbridge lies in the Arapsuyu district, 5–6 km west to the city center, at the foot of an ancient mound which is associated with the Greek colony of Olbia.

Partly submerged by a modern weir about 100 m downstream, the exact form of its masonry arch is difficult to determine. According to George Bean, the slightly pointed arch indicates a post-ancient construction date. Colin O'Connor, however, classifies the bridge as a Roman segmental arch bridge, examples of which have survived in the neighbouring province Lycia (such as the Limyra Bridge).

Pointed arch
A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch. Also known as a two-centred arch, its form is derived from the intersection of two circles. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture. The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur. As a structural feature, it was first used in eastern Christian architecture, Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but in the 12th century it came into use in France and England as an important structural element, in combination with other elements, such as the rib vault and later the flying buttress. These allowed the construction of cathedrals, palaces and other buildings with dramatically greater height and larger windows which filled them with light.