hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman G. Young
Norman Good Young (April 16, 1894 – October 24, 1984) was an American civil engineer who served as borough manager of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, and Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and Town Manager of Saugus, Massachusetts.

Saugus, Massachusetts
Saugus (/ˈsɔː.ɡəs/, SAW-gəs) is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. The population was 28,619 at the 2020 census. Saugus is known as the site of the first integrated iron works in North America.
Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.

Subprefectures in France
In France, a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) is the commune that hosts the administrative centre of an arrondissement (a primary division of a department). The commune that hosts the administrative center for the whole department is known as the prefecture. The term "subprefecture" also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement.

The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect, assisted by a general secretary. Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by the title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic (commissaire adjoint de la République). Where the administration of an arrondissement is carried out from a prefecture, the general secretary to the prefect carries out duties equivalent to those of the subprefect.

(The municipal arrondissements of Paris, Lyon and Marseille are divisions of the commune rather than the department. They are not arrondissements in the same sense.)
Sørkapp (Jan Mayen)
Sørkapp (South Cape) is the southernmost point of the island Jan Mayen. The cape is some 455 km east of eastern Greenland, 910 km west northwest of mainland Norway (Lofoten) and 550 km northeast of northeastern Iceland.

Lofoten
Lofoten (English: /ˈloʊfoʊtən, loʊˈfoʊtən/ LOH-foh-tən, loh-FOH-tən, Norwegian: [ˈlùːfuːtn̩]; Lule Sami: Lufoahtta; Northern Sami: Lufuohttá) is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Lofoten has distinctive scenery with dramatic mountains and peaks, open sea and sheltered bays, beaches, and untouched lands. There are two towns, Svolvær and Leknes — the latter is approximately 169 km (105 mi) north of the Arctic Circle and approximately 2,420 km (1,500 mi) away from the North Pole. The archipelago experiences one of the world's largest elevated temperature anomalies relative to its high latitude. As of 2017, the islands attract one million tourists each year.
Order-5 120-cell honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the order-5 120-cell honeycomb is one of five compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). With Schläfli symbol {5,3,3,5}, it has five 120-cells around each face. It is self-dual. It also has 600 120-cells around each vertex.

Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form {p,q,r, ...}  that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.

The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more than three dimensions and discovered all their convex regular polytopes, including the six that occur in four dimensions.
Everything Squared
Everything Squared is a mini-album by British band Seefeel, released on 30 August 2024 through Warp Records. It reached number one on the UK Dance Albums Chart and received universal acclaim from critics.

Mark Clifford
Mark Clifford is a British musician and producer known primarily for his involvement with his band Seefeel. He has been involved in a number of solo and collaborative projects which have resulted in a wide range of material released on many different labels including Warp Records, Rephlex Records, Bella Union, Editions Mego and his own Polyfusia label.
General Santos's at-large congressional district
The General Santos's at-large congressional district is the single representation of the highly urbanized city of General Santos. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2022. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Shirlyn Bañas-Nograles of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (PDP).

20th Congress of the Philippines
The 20th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikadalawampung Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, is the current meeting of Congress convened on July 28, 2025. The 20th Congress is the meeting during the last three years of Bongbong Marcos's presidency, and will end on June 7, 2028. The convening of the 20th Congress followed the 2025 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives continues to meet in the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The Senate will remain meeting in the GSIS Building before transferring to the New Senate Building in Taguig by 2028.
Rutgers University–Camden
Rutgers University–Camden is a regional campus of Rutgers University—a public land-grant research university—located in Camden, New Jersey. Founded in 1926 as the South Jersey Law School, Rutgers–Camden began as an amalgam of the South Jersey Law School and the College of South Jersey. It is the southernmost of the three regional campuses of Rutgers; the two others are located in New Brunswick and Newark. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

In 2024, the university was ranked 48th among the top public universities and 98th among national universities by US News and World Report.

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
O'Neill v Phillips
O'Neill v Phillips [1999] UKHL 24 is a UK company law case on an action for unfair prejudice under s.459 Companies Act 1985 (now s.994 Companies Act 2006). It is the only case thus far in the House of Lords on the provision and it deals with the concept of members of a business having their "legitimate expectations" disappointed.

Companies Act 2006
The Companies Act 2006 (c. 46) is a lengthy act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, whose 1,300 sections and additional schedules form the primary source of UK company law, including the duties of a company's directors.
Journey / Is It OK?
"Journey / ...Is It OK?" is the first A-side and B-side digital single to be released from the soundtrack album of SBS's TV drama Paradise Ranch. It was released on January 26, 2011 under the record label of S.M. Entertainment. The A-side track "Journey" was performed by TVXQ's U-Know Yunho and Max Changmin featuring Seohyun of Girls' Generation. The B-side track "...Is It OK?" (좋아해도 되나요; lit. Can It Be Love?) was performed by Korean-Chinese girl group f(x). Both songs were later included in the Paradise Ranch OST which was released on February 9, 2011.

Naver
Naver (Korean: 네이버; stylized as NAVER) is a South Korean online platform operated by the Naver Corporation. The company's products include a search engine, email hosting, blogs, maps, and mobile payment.
Doublethink Theatre
Doublethink Theatre was a London-based theatre company, producing a diverse mixture of work, from classical to new writing, in intimate spaces.

It was founded in 2006 by Patrick Myles, and its patron was the English actor Brian Blessed.

The company's premiere production was Thomas Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy, in a new adaptation by Meredith Oakes, which played at the Southwark Playhouse. Subsequent productions include Aleksandr Ostrovsky's A Family Affair, in a translation by Nick Dear, at the Arcola Theatre, Christopher Fry's The Lady's Not for Burning at the Finborough Theatre, and in a co-production with TFP, Orwell: A Celebration in an adaptation by Dominic Cavendish at the Trafalgar Studios.

The company was the recipient of the Society of London Theatre New Producer Bursary.

The company appears to have ceased operation in 2011, when its dormant Twitter and website accounts stopped updating.

Finborough Theatre
The Finborough Theatre  is a fifty-seat theatre in the West Brompton area of London (part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea) under artistic director Neil McPherson. The theatre presents new British writing, as well as UK and world premieres of new plays primarily from the English speaking world including North America, Canada, Ireland, and Scotland including work in the Scots language, alongside rarely seen rediscovered 19th and 20th century plays. The venue also presents new and rediscovered music theatre.
Rapture (Trio X album)
Rapture is a live album by multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee's Trio X featuring bassist Dominic Duval, percussionist Jay Rosen along with guest violinist Rosi Hertlein recorded at the Knitting Factory in late 1998 and released on the Cadence Jazz label.

Knitting Factory
The Knitting Factory is a nightclub in New York City that features eclectic music and entertainment and is co-owned and co-operated by Knitting Factory Entertainment. After opening in 1987, various other locations were opened in the United States.

The Knitting Factory gave its audience poetry readings, performance art, standup comedy, and musicians who transcended the usual boundaries of rock and jazz, often experimental music. The Knitting Factory owners distributed some performances to radio stations, and around 1990 starting a radio show and the record label Knitting Factory Works. Later the founders started Knitting Factory Records in 1998.
Din Tur
Din Tur ('your trip') is the operating name of Västernorrlands läns Trafik AB, the principal operator of local public transport (Swedish: länstrafik) for the county (Swedish: län) of Västernorrland in northern Sweden. It is a joint operation of the county government in conjunction with the seven municipalities (Swedish: kommuner) of Sundsvall, Härnösand, Kramfors, Ånge, Sollefteå, and Örnsköldsvik, and services are contracted out to private companies including Busslink, Nobina Sverige, Transdev and several local operators.

Din Tur's services include local buses within the county's major cities and towns, and long-distances services connecting them. These are supplemented through co-operation with public transport authorities in the neighbouring counties of Jämtland, Västerbotten, and Gävleborg, and by passenger trains operated by Norrtåg, X-Trafik, and the national railway SJ.

Jämtland County
Jämtland County (Swedish: Jämtlands län, Southern Sami: Jiemthen leene) is a county or län in Sweden. It consists of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, along with minor parts of Hälsingland and Ångermanland, plus two small strips of Lapland and Dalarna. It borders the counties of Dalarna, Gävleborg, Västernorrland, and Västerbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Trøndelag. It measures 49,443 km2 (19,090 sq mi) and constitutes 12% of Sweden's total area, making it the country's third largest county. The capital is Östersund. The county governor and leader of the administrative board, as appointed by the Swedish government, has been Marita Ljung since 2021.

The county was established in 1810, at the time it consisted only of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, which is why the coat of arms is a shield parted per fess with their provincial arms. King Carl XVI Gustaf is occasionally referred to as Duke of Jämtland after his title of king.
Göltarla, Samsat
Göltarla (Kurdish: Bîrgenî) is a village in the Samsat District of Adıyaman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bêzikan tribe and had a population of 175 in 2021.

The hamlets of Keçiören and Sarıkök are attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Parafifi
Parafifi is a song by Congolese musician Grand Kallé and his band African Jazz, first recorded in 1953 on a 78 rpm record released by the Opika label, then reissued in the early 1960s on the Surboum African Jazz label.

Today, it is considered one of the foundational works of modern Congolese rumba.

Nico Kasanda
Nicolas Kasanda wa Mikalay (7 July 1939 – 22 September 1985), popularly known as Docteur Nico, was a Congolese guitarist and composer. One of the pioneers of Congolese music, he graduated in 1957 as a technical teacher, but inspired by his musical family, he took up the guitar and in time became a virtuoso soloist.
Friday 13th (EP)
Friday 13th EP is a four-track EP by English rock band the Damned, issued as the result of a one-off deal with the NEMS Records label. It was released on 13 November 1981, which fell on a Friday.

The EP was released in the UK and Sweden on 7" vinyl, and also in Germany on 12" vinyl. In 1981, EPs were still eligible for the UK Top 75 Singles chart, and Friday 13th reached No. 50.

The lead-off track, "Disco Man", was featured on many compilations, also becoming a live favourite. Two of the other three tracks, "Billy Bad Breaks" and "Limit Club", were composed by the band; the final track was a cover version of The Rolling Stones song "Citadel". "Limit Club" was a tribute to the late Malcolm Owen of The Ruts.

David Vanian
David Vanian (born David Lett, 12 October 1956) is an English rock musician, and lead singer of the punk rock band the Damned. Formed in 1976 in London, the Damned were the first British punk band to release a single, release an album, have a record hit the UK charts, and tour the United States. With a fluid line-up since their founding, Vanian has been the only ever-present member. Vanian's baritone singing voice, dark lyrics and vampire-themed costumes, were a major influence on the goth subculture.
James Bridle
James Bridle (born 1980) is an artist and author based in Athens, Greece. Bridle, whose work "deals with the ways in which the digital, networked world reaches into the physical, offline one," coined the New Aesthetic. Their work has explored aspects of the Western security apparatus, including drones and asylum-seeker deportations. Bridle has written for WIRED, Icon, Domus, Cabinet Magazine, The Atlantic, New Statesman, Financial Times and many other publications, and wrote a regular column for The Guardian.

Cabinet Magazine
Cabinet Magazine is a quarterly, Brooklyn, New York–based, non-profit art and culture magazine established in 2000. Cabinet Magazine also operates an event and exhibition space in Brooklyn. In 2022, Cabinet transitioned its magazine to be a digital publication, although it still publishes print books.
September 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
September 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 24

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 6 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 23rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 10.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Gultosh
Gultosh was an all-Jewish village located near the city of Gondar, in Ethiopia. Gultosh was located about 10 kilometers east of Gondar City's center, across the Angereb River and Megech River. Gultush's topography is mountainous in a way that limits vehicle access. The village had approximately 90 households at the end of the 1970s. The original inhabitants left for Israel in the 1980s, the last of whom stayed until 1986. Gultosh has been repopulated by locals from nearby villages.

The village was situated in a valley between mountains and relied on small-scale agriculture, with tef, wheat, and barley being among the main crops.

The Israeli rapper Jeremy Cool Habash was born in Gultosh.

Jeremy Cool Habash
Jeremy Cool Habash (Hebrew: ג'רמי קול חבש) is an Ethiopian Israeli rapper.  Habash raps in both Hebrew and Amharic about his Ethiopian Jewish heritage and the struggles that face many Ethiopian Jews in Israel.

Habash’s lyrics do not touch upon topics of mainstream rap and instead center on his passion for Judaism, the lives of the youth in Israel, and the difficulties of living as an Ethiopian Jew in Israel.  He describes the attraction of Ethiopian youth to hip hop:  “Ethiopian youth are attracted to hip-hop as the new expression of our identity.”  He explains that Ethiopian-Israeli youth seek to advance themselves through music much like the way African Americans have  Habash has taught many immigrant children throughout Israel about hip hop and how to create a song with the hope of empowering them with the ability to uphold their cultural heritage.  Habash dreams one day of creating a recording studio for the Ethiopian-Israeli youth.
Jamie de Courcey
Jamie de Courcey is an English actor. He has appeared in a number of British television shows, including The Crown, The Tunnel, Downton Abbey, Taboo, Agatha Christie's Poirot, and Midsomer Murders. He has also appeared in the films, Rush, directed by Ron Howard, Michael Morpurgo's Private Peaceful, and as Vincent van Gogh in Vincent Van Gogh: A New Way of Seeing and Sunflowers. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

De Courcey lives in London and, since 2016, he has been in a relationship with actress Amara Karan.

He holds British and Irish citizenship. His father is Roger De Courcey.

Rush (2013 film)
Rush is a 2013 biographical sports film directed by Ron Howard and written by Peter Morgan. It is centred on the rivalry between two Formula One drivers, James Hunt and Niki Lauda, during the 1976 Formula One season. The film stars Chris Hemsworth as Hunt and Daniel Brühl as Lauda.

The film premiered in London on 2 September 2013 and was shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival before its United Kingdom release on 13 September 2013. The film received positive reviews from critics for Hemsworth and Brühl's performances, Howard's direction, the racing sequences, and Hans Zimmer's musical score.
Sahel-Benin Union
13°N 1°E﻿ / ﻿13°N 1°E﻿ / 13; 1

Sahel-Benin Union was a short-lived union of four former French colonies of French West Africa, that were the four Republics of Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), Niger, Dahomey (Benin) and Côte d’Ivoire.

This union "was the grouping that worked in the most efficient way for the cause of African unity. This union [...] was provided with modest but functional institutions; a Council seating with the Chiefs of States, the ministers of common affairs and the presidents of the National Assemblies [Assemblées Nationales]. A customs union was set up as well as sinking fund. A political, economic and military coordination developed.". Nevertheless, it lasted only for a short time and was replaced by May 1959 far more modestly by the Conseil de l'Entente.

Republic of Upper Volta
The Republic of Upper Volta (French: République de Haute-Volta) was a landlocked West African country established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing state within the French Community. Before becoming autonomous, it had been part of the French Union as the French Upper Volta. On 5 August 1960, it gained full independence from France. On 4 August 1984, it changed its name to Burkina Faso.
Jess Thompson
Jess E. Thompson (August 14, 1907 – January 26, 1975) was an American gridiron football, and basketball coach. He served three stints as the head football coach at Cameron University in Lawton, Oklahoma—1939 to 1941, in 1946, and 1951 to 1954—and at Centenary College of Louisiana in 1947. Thompson was also the head basketball coach at Mississippi Southern College—now known as the University of Southern Mississippi—from 1948 to 1949. He was assistant coach for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) for four seasons and also served as a scout for the Houston Oilers and New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).

Thompson died of an apparent heart attack, on January 26, 1975, at a hotel in Hempstead, New York.

Centenary College of Louisiana
Centenary College of Louisiana is a private liberal arts college in Shreveport, Louisiana. The college is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Founded in 1825, it is the oldest chartered liberal arts college west of the Mississippi River and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Society of London Theatre Special Award
The Laurence Olivier Award for Society of London Theatre Special Award is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier, himself a 1979 recipient of this award.

This award was introduced in 1976. In 2020, the award was expanded with additional Special Recognition Recipients, recognizing a larger number of people each year for their lifetime of contributions to commercial British theatre.

1979 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1979 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in 1979 in London at the Café Royal, celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of West End Theatre. The awards would not become the Laurence Olivier Awards, as they are known today, until the 1984 ceremony.