hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman B. Saunders Sr. International Airport
Norman B. Saunders Sr. International Airport (formerly South Caicos Airport) (IATA: XSC, ICAO: MBSC) is an airport serving South Caicos, the seventh largest of the Turks and Caicos Islands.

The airport is named in honour of Hon. Norman B. Saunders Sr., the 3rd Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands and the longest-serving Member of the House of Assembly in the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands
The Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the legislature of the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. The name of the house was changed from the Legislative Council of the Turks and Caicos Islands to House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands following the implementation of the new constitution on 9 August 2006. The current name was adopted on 10 December 2024.

In August 2009, the United Kingdom suspended the Turks and Caicos' self-government after allegations of ministerial corruption. The prerogative of the ministerial government and the House of Assembly were vested in the islands' governor until a general election was held in November 2012.
Misha Zilberman
Misha Zilberman (Russian: Миша Зильберман; Hebrew: מישה זילברמן; born 25 January 1989) is an Israeli badminton player. He competed for Israel at the 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024 Olympics, coming in 33rd, 14th, 15th and 27th respectively. He is the first Israeli player to win a medal at the European Badminton Championships. He won a bronze medal at the 2022 European Badminton Championships, and bronze medals at the 2019 and 2023 European Games.

European Badminton Championships
The European Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (BE). It represents the highest level of continental competition in European badminton, and the winners of each event are recognised as the European champions.
Manuel Monerris
Manuel José Monerris Barberá (19 March 1946 – 29 August 2021) was a Spanish politician. A member of the People's Party (PP), he served in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands as well as Mayor of Ferreries from 2011 to 2015.

Parliament of the Balearic Islands
The Parliament of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Parlament de les Illes Balears; Spanish: Parlamento de las Islas Baleares) is the unicameral autonomous parliament of the Balearic Islands, one of the autonomous communities of Spain. Composed of 59 elected seats, it sits in the city of Palma, on the island of Majorca.
Royal Westphalian Railway Company
The Royal Westphalian Railway (German: Königlich-Westfälische Eisenbahn, KWE) was a German rail company established in 1848 with funding from the Prussian government, which later became  part of the Prussian State Railways. The network eventually extended about 315 km from Rheine via Hamm to Warburg and from Welver (near Hamm) to Oberhausen.

Oberhausen
Oberhausen (/ˈoʊbərhaʊzən/, German: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and The Static Roots Festival. Its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Culture: Exhibitions of ice sculptures, Eiswelt Oberhausen, occurred in 2024 [and 2025].
Romani people in Iran
Firdusi, in his poem Shahnamah, documented that around the year 420, the Persian monarch Bahram V (reigning from 420 to 438) requested the Indian ruler to send twelve thousand Dom musicians to divert his subjects from the monotony of their everyday existence. These Doms—one of the various names by which this group was known at the time—were compensated for their musical performances with grain and land, enabling them to thrive. However, in this tale, the Doms were perceived as indolent; they consumed the grain but avoided cultivating the land. Consequently, the king had no choice but to banish them, condemning them to a life of perpetual wandering, relying on smuggling and begging for their sustenance. Romani people were later expelled from Persia after the death of Caliph al-Ma'mūn.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Freeway Airport
38°56′29″N 076°46′21″W﻿ / ﻿38.94139°N 76.77250°W﻿ / 38.94139; -76.77250

Freeway Airport (FAA LID: W00) is a privately owned airport located in Mitchellville, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It has Cessna 172s and a PA28R-200 IFR available to rent.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Fiona Ramsay
Fiona Ramsay is a South African actress, voice over artist, MC and speaker. Ramsay is best known for the roles in the television serials such as; Black Sails, Hard Copy, Heartlines and Scandal!. Apart from that, she is also a vocal consultant, dialogue coach and motivational speaker on Communication Skills and Development.

Scandal!
Scandal! is a South African soap opera produced by Ochre Media (also known as Ochre Moving Pictures) and broadcast on e.tv. It is the most watched soap opera in South Africa, contending with SABC 1's longest-running soapie Generations: The Legacy. It is also broadcast across Africa on the eAfrica, e.tv Botswana and e.tv Ghana feeds.

On 10 July 2024, e.tv announced that Scandal! will start airing daily, occupying the 19:30 spot dubbed as the "Winter binge". The program reverted to its standard time slot on 7 September 2024.

On 26 September 2025, e.tv announced that Scandal! will air its final episode on 26 June 2026.
William "Bill" Dannelly Reservoir
The William "Bill" Dannelly Reservoir is a reservoir created by Millers Ferry Lock and Dam on the Alabama River in Dallas County and Wilcox County in Alabama.  It covers 27 square miles (70 km2) and has approximately 500 miles (800 km) of shoreline.  It was named for William "Bill" Dannelly, a former Wilcox County probate judge credited with leading the modernization of the Alabama and Coosa Rivers.

The Dannelly Reservoir is notable as a regional fishing ground and recreational area.  Fish species present include white crappie, striped bass, hybrid striped bass, blue catfish, and channel catfish.  Several parks border the lake. Those with developed camping include Roland Cooper State Park, Chilatchee Creek Campground, and Millers Ferry Campground.  Primitive camping only is available at Six Mile Creek Park, Elm Bluff Park, Portland Landing, and Bridgeport Landing.  Prairie Bluff and the Liddell Archeological Site are two historic sites adjacent to the lake.

Channel catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus),meaning “fish cat with spots”. known informally as the "channel cat", is a species of catfish native to North America. They are North America's most abundant catfish species, and the official state fish of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Tennessee. The channel catfish is the most fished species of catfish in the United States, with around 8 million anglers angling them per year. The popularity of channel catfish for food has contributed to the rapid expansion of this species' aquaculture in the United States. It has also been widely introduced to Europe, Asia and South America, and many countries consider it an invasive species.
2020 Jambi gubernatorial election
The 2020 Jambi gubernatorial election was held on 9 December 2020 to elect the governor and vice-governor of Jambi. They were held as a part of the 2020 local elections across Indonesia. The incumbent, Fachrori Umar, had taken office following the removal of Governor Zumi Zola over corruption and was running for re-election.

The regent of Merangin Regency, Al Haris, of the National Mandate Party won the most votes. However, the regent of Sarolangun Regency, Cek Endra, challenged the results to the Constitutional Court, resulting in a re-vote in 88 polling stations. Following the re-vote, the General Elections Commission declared Al Haris as the winner.

National Mandate Party
The National Mandate Party (Indonesian: Partai Amanat Nasional), frequently abbreviated to PAN, is a non-sectarian, religion-based political party in Indonesia.

It was founded by the modernist strand of Muslim society in Indonesia, including Amien Rais, the chairman of the Muhammadiyah organization, during the Indonesian Revolution. The party contested the 2009 elections under the chairmanship of Sutrisno Bachir. It is described as a nationalist Muslim party. It also upholds the Pancasila doctrine.

In 2014, the party obtained 7.59 percent of the popular vote, which is an increase from 6.03 percent in 2009 and 6.44 percent in 2004.
Michiko Miyagi
Michiko Miyagi (宮城倫子, Miyagi Michiko), better known by her ring names Cassandra Miyagi (カサンドラ宮城, Kasandora Miyagi) and Andras Miyagi (アンドラス宮城, Andorasu Miyagi), is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working for the Japanese promotion Gleat. She is also known for her tenure with World Wonder Ring Stardom where she is a former Artist of Stardom Champion.

Gleat
Gleat (stylized as GLEAT and pronounced as "great") is a Japanese professional wrestling and mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2020 by former Pro Wrestling Noah parent company Lidet Entertainment after the acquisition of Noah and DDT Pro-Wrestling by CyberAgent. The promotion is overseen by Hiroyuki Suzuki and former mixed martial artist and professional wrestler Kiyoshi Tamura. The promotion emphasizes the use of the UWFi combat sports-based wrestling style.
Eugen Langen
Carl Eugen Langen (9 October 1833 in Cologne – 2 October 1895 in Elsdorf) was a German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor, involved in the development of the petrol engine and the Wuppertal Suspension Railway. In 1857 he worked in his father's sugar factory, JJ Langen & Söhne, and after extensive technical training at the Polytechnic institute in Karlsruhe, patented a method for producing sugar cubes. In 1870 he co-founded Pfeifer & Langen, still in operation today. He sold this method in 1872 to Sir Henry Tate of England, founder of the Tate Gallery in London.

Pfeifer & Langen
Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG is a German family-owned food company, based in Cologne. The historical core of the group is the sugar manufacturer Pfeifer & Langen. The other activities of the group are held by the subgroups Intersnack, a manufacturer of snacks and owner of KP Snacks and Tayto; and the subgroup Naturkost Group, which produced and markets functional foods. In addition, the group holds a 50% share in the food manufacturer Krüger. The entire group achieved a turnover of 3.63 billion euros in the 2019 financial year.
Mechthild Stoer
Mechthild Maria Stoer is a German applied mathematician and operations researcher known for her work on the minimum cut problem and in network design. She is one of the namesakes of the Stoer–Wagner algorithm for minimum cuts, which she published with Frank Wagner in 1994.

Minimum cut
In graph theory, a minimum cut or min-cut of a graph is a cut (a partition of the vertices of a graph into two disjoint subsets) that is minimal in some metric.

Variations of the minimum cut problem consider weighted graphs, directed graphs, terminals, and partitioning the vertices into more than two sets.

The weighted min-cut problem allowing both positive and negative weights can be trivially transformed into a weighted maximum cut problem by flipping the sign in all weights.
Ethiopian Navy
The Ethiopian Navy (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ባሕር ኀይል, romanized: ye’ītiyop’iya baḥiri ḫayil), known as the Imperial Ethiopian Navy until 1974, is the naval branch of the Ethiopian National Defense Force founded in 1955. It was disestablished in 1996 after the independence of Eritrea in 1993, which left Ethiopia landlocked. However, the Ethiopian Navy was re-established in 2019 as a brown water navy and is based in Lake Tana in Bahir Dar, Amhara region.

Brown-water navy
A brown-water navy or riverine navy, in the broadest sense, is a naval force capable of military operations in inland waters (rivers, lakes and inland seas) and nearshores. The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers, along with the larger "mother ships" that supported them.

Brown-water navies are typically only used for patrolling and enforcing internal waters, in contrast to blue-water navies, which can independently conduct operations in the open oceans and project power far offshore. Green-water navies, which operate mainly in brackish estuaries, bays and shallow seas not too far off coasts (typically within the bounds of exclusive economic zones), fill the operational gap between brown-water and blue-water navies.
Nicola Amoruso
Nicola Amoruso (born 29 August 1974) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a forward. An elegant, technically gifted, and agile forward, known for his delicate touch on the ball and use of feints, he usually played in a central role; his nicknames were piede caldo (Hot Foot) and Dinamite (Dynamite), due to his eye for goal. He is currently the sporting director of Palermo.

Dummy (football)
In association football, rugby league, rugby union and Australian rules football, a dummy or feint is a player deceiving the opposition into believing he is going to pass, shoot, move in a certain direction, or receive the ball and instead doing something different, thus gaining an advantage.
Formosa Medicine Show
Formosa Medicine Show is the second album released by The Muddy Basin Ramblers.  It was nominated for the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in the Best Recording Package category.

The album was designed by David Chen, and Andrew Wong of Onion Design Associates.

Grammy Award for Best Recording Package
The Grammy Award for Best Recording Package is one of a series of Grammy Awards presented for the visual look of an album. It is presented to the art director of the winning album, not to the performer(s), unless the performer is also the art director.

The Grammy Award for Best Album Cover dates back to the first Grammy Awards in 1959. From 1962 to 1965 it was separated into Classical and Non-Classical divisions. From 1966 to 1968 it was separated into Graphic Arts and Photography divisions. In 1974, the name of the award was changed to Best Album Package, and changed again in 1994 to the current name.

In 1995, boxed sets were no longer eligible, as they were split off into a separate award, currently known as the Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.
Iberolepis
Iberolepis (ibero meaning "Iberic" in Latin and lepis meaning "scale") is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish, one of early elasmobranchii's from the Early Devonian found in Spain. It includes a single species, I. aragonensis, which is known only from scales. The exact classification of this species is very incertain, he was originally classified as species of basal cladoselachiform, but recent studies suggest he bellongs to a separate and extinct order with your related genus, Lunalepis. Other fossils of Iberolepis found in same locality that represent indeterminate species, include a possible second species of same taxon.

Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (/kɒnˈdrɪkθiiːz/; from Ancient Greek  χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and  ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class).  Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the over 10 m (33 ft) whale shark.
Natasha Hodgson
Natasha Hodgson (born 26 November 1986) is an English actress, singer, writer, podcaster and artistic director. She co-created and performed the musical Operation Mincemeat with the comedy troupe SpitLip.

For her work on Operation Mincemeat, Hodgson won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the WhatsOnStage Award for Best New Musical alongside SpitLip and received three Tony Award nominations for the show for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical and Best Original Score.

Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical
The Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical is awarded to librettists of the spoken, non-sung dialogue, and storyline of a musical play. Eligibility is restricted to works with original narrative framework; plotless revues and revivals are ineligible. This award was originally called the Tony Award for Best Author, until musicals were split off from dramas.
Palmela DOC
Palmela is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Palmela in the Setúbal Peninsula subregion. The wine region has the Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status after having been elevated from its former Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) status. At the same time, the former Arrábida IPR, centered on the Arrabida hills, was absorbed into Palmela DOC.

Palmela first gained attention for its off dry white wines made from Muscat grapes harvested early but has recently turned its attention to producing dry red and white table wines. The soil of the area of the former Arrábida IPR is predominantly limestone with good drainage potential for the cultivation of red wine varieties.

Portuguese wine
Portuguese wine was mostly introduced by the Romans and other ancient Mediterranean peoples who traded with local coastal populations, mainly in the South. In pre-Roman Gallaecia-Lusitania times, the native peoples only drank beer and were unfamiliar with wine production. Portugal started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman Empire. Modern exports developed with trade to England after the Methuen Treaty in 1703. From this commerce a wide variety of wines started to be grown in Portugal. In 1758, one of the first wine-producing regions of the world, the Região Demarcada do Douro was created under the orientation of Marquis of Pombal, in the Douro Valley. Portugal has two wine-producing regions protected by UNESCO as World Heritage: the Douro Valley Wine Region (Douro Vinhateiro) and Pico Island Wine Region (Ilha do Pico Vinhateira). Portugal has a big variety of local kinds, producing a very wide variety of different wines with distinctive personality.
Vallebona
Vallebona (Ligurian: Valebona) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Imperia.  
Vallebona borders the following municipalities: Bordighera, Ospedaletti, Perinaldo, San Biagio della Cima, Seborga, Soldano, and Vallecrosia.

Province of Imperia
The province of Imperia (Italian: provincia di Imperia; Ligurian: provinsa d'Imperia; Occitan: província d'Impèria; French: Province d'Imperia) is a mountainous and hilly province in the Liguria region of Italy, situated between France to the north and the west, and the Ligurian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Its capital is Imperia, though the largest city is Sanremo. It has 209,152 inhabitants.
Soejatmia
Soejatmia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It just contains one species, Soejatmia ridleyi (Gamble) K.M.Wong

Its native range is from the peninsula of Thailand to Malaya.

The genus name of Soejatmia is in honour of Soejatmi Dransfield (b. 1939), an Indonesia-born British plant taxonomist specializing in bamboos and also honorary research fellow at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The Latin specific epithet of ridleyi refers to Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855 – 1956), was an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore.
Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Kew Bull. Vol.48 on pages 530-532 in 1993.

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.

Kew Bulletin
The Kew Bulletin is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal on plant and fungal taxonomy and conservation published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Articles on palynology, cytology, anatomy, phytogeography, and phytochemistry that relate to taxonomy are also included.

The journal was established in 1887 as the Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information by William Turner Thiselton-Dyer, then director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It sought to facilitate communication between botanists at Kew and distant parts of the British Empire, and prioritised study of information of economic importance.
Charles Macklin as Shylock
Charles Macklin as Shylock is a c.1768 oil painting by the German-born British artist Johan Zoffany. A conversation piece, it features a group portrait painting of actors performing the courtroom scene in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.

It depicts the Irish actor Charles Macklin in his most celebrated role Shylock alongside his daughter Maria Macklin as Portia, Robert Bensley as Bassanio and Jane Lessingham as Nerissa.The cast who had recently appeared at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. The seated figure on the far left is the Lord Chief Justice Lord Mansfield, suggesting that he may have commissioned the work. Today the painting is in the collection of the Tate Britain in London.

Around the same time Zoffany also produced a full-length portrait painting of the same title featuring Macklin alone, which is now in the Holbourne Museum in Bath.

Holburne Museum
The Holburne Museum (formerly known as the Holburne of Menstrie Museum and the Holburne Museum of Art) is located in Sydney Pleasure Gardens, Bath, Somerset, England. The city's first public art gallery, the Grade I listed building is home to fine and decorative arts built around the collection of Sir William Holburne. Artists in the collection include Gainsborough, Guardi, Stubbs, Ramsay and Zoffany.

The museum also provides a programme of temporary exhibitions, music performances, creative workshops, family events, talks and lectures. There is a bookshop and a café that opens out onto Sydney Gardens. The museum reopened in May 2011 after restoration and an extension designed by Eric Parry Architects, supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund.