hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth smearing
Bandwidth smearing is a type of chromatic aberration (color-related distortion) in the image of a celestial body (like a star or galaxy) observed using an astronomical interferometer (a system combining multiple telescopes to act as one). It is caused by the range of radio frequencies (or bandwidth) used in the observation, where, in Fourier terms, different frequencies capture slightly different spatial details of the object’s shape. This leads to a blurred or stretched appearance in the final image, often with elongated features pointing outward. In radio astronomy, this effect can be reduced by using higher spectral resolution (narrower frequency ranges) or adjusting the image reconstruction process to account for these differences.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Manyoni District
Manyoni District is one of the six districts in the Singida Region of Tanzania.  The district capital is the town of Manyoni.  The district is bordered to the north by the Ikungi District, to the east by the Dodoma Region, to the south by the Iringa Region, to the southwest by the Mbeya Region and to the west by the Itigi District. In 2015 the Itigi District was created from the Manyoni District, separating the Itigi Division that was the large portion of the south western of the district.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Manyoni District was 279,069.

As of 2016 the district commissioner of the Manyoni district was Rahabu Mwagisa Solomon.

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
Altsak
Altsak (Russian: Алцак) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Altsakskoye Rural Settlement, Dzhidinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 363 as of 2017. There are 4 streets.

Dzhidinsky District
Dzhidinsky District (Russian: Джиди́нский райо́н; Buryat: Зэдын аймаг, Zedyn aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 8,600 square kilometers (3,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Petropavlovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 29,352, with the population of Petropavlovka accounting for 25.4% of that number.
Salvia ekimiana
Salvia ekimiana is a perennial plant that is endemic to Central Anatolia in Turkey, growing in open pine forest and alpine steppe at 1,700 to 2,000 m (5,600 to 6,600 ft) elevation.

S. ekimiana grows on erect to ascending stems to 10 to 30 cm (3.9 to 11.8 in), with mostly basal leaves that are generally oblong, or ovate to oblong or oblanceolate. The leaves are 2.5 to 7 cm (0.98 to 2.76 in) long and 1 to 2.5 cm (0.39 to 0.98 in) wide. The corolla is white with a lilac hood, .7 to 1.1 cm (0.28 to 0.43 in), and with a greyish calyx with a violet stripe. The specific epithet honors professor Tuna Ekim, a Turkish botanist.

Alpine steppe
The Alpine-steppe is a high altitude natural alpine grassland, which is a part of the Montane grasslands and shrublands biome.

Alpine-steppes are unique ecosystems found throughout the world, especially in Asia, where they make up 38.9% of the total Tibetan Plateau grassland's area.
Blood vessel epicardial substance
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) also known as popeye domain-containing protein 1 (POPDC1) is a protein that is encoded by the BVES gene in humans.

Bves is a highly conserved, transmembrane protein that is involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, and most recently has been shown to play a role in vesicular transport. Bves is found in a wide variety of organisms (from flies to humans) and is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Popdc family of proteins. Although the precise molecular function of Bves is unknown, disruption of this protein results in developmental defects and impaired cellular processes fundamental to living organisms.

Popeye protein conserved region
Popeye protein conserved region is common to a family of evolutionarily related proteins, the Popeye domain containing (POPDC) family of proteins, which is found in many animal phyla (vertebrates, lower chordates, arthropodes, mollusca and some protostomia).

In vertebrates it is preferentially expressed in developing and adult striated muscle (heart and skeletal muscle). It is represented by a conserved region, the Popeye domain, which functions as a cAMP-binding domain. All POPDC proteins also have three potential transmembrane domains. The strong conservation of POPDC genes during evolution and their preferential expression in heart and skeletal muscle suggest that these proteins may have an important function in these tissues in vertebrates.
Svend Høra
Svend Høra was according to legend a Danish pirate chief who was killed at Drastrup in 1100.

According to the legend he plundered together with his pirate gang along Randers Fjord, but peasants from Rougsø blocked their way back by damming the fjord with logs near Uggelhuse. There the peasants attacked the pirates and killed them all except Svend Høra, whom they instead hung from a gallows on a hill at Ørnebjerg. Subsequently, the hill was called Svendshøj (Svend's Hill), and the gully by it Svendsdal (Svend's Valley).

In 1784 the historian Peter Friderich Suhm thought that Svend Høra was a king, believing him identical to the Southern Jutish king Svend Langfod, and that he was killed in a battle in Svendsdal and buried there in 900.

South Jutlandic
South Jutlandic or South Jutish (South Jutish: synnejysk; Danish: sønderjysk; German: Südjütisch or Plattdänisch) is a dialect of the Danish language. South Jutlandic is spoken in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland; also called Schleswig or Slesvig) on both sides of the border between Denmark and Germany.

Variants of the dialect include Western and Eastern South Jutlandic (including Alsisk). The former variant in Angeln (Danish: Angel) and Schwansen (Svansø) was known as Angel Danish.

The other dialects classified as belonging to the Jutlandic or Jutish (Jysk) group of dialects are West, East, and North Jutlandic.
Rodrigo Iván Cortés Jiménez
Rodrigo Iván Cortés Jiménez (born 4 September 1971) is a Mexican activist and former politician. He is the head of the National Front for the Family, a social conservative organization. As of 2014, he served as a National Action Party (PAN) deputy in the LIX Legislature as a plurinominal representative.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
C. Wright Mills
Charles Wright Mills (August 28, 1916 – March 20, 1962) was an American sociologist, and a professor of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962. Mills published widely in both popular and intellectual journals, and is remembered for several books, such as The Power Elite, White Collar: The American Middle Classes, and The Sociological Imagination. Mills was concerned with the responsibilities of intellectuals in post–World War II society, and he advocated public and political engagement over disinterested observation. One of Mills's biographers, Daniel Geary, writes that Mills's writings had a "particularly significant impact on New Left social movements of the 1960s era." It was Mills who popularized the term "New Left" in the U.S., in a 1960 open letter "Letter to the New Left".

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Nano (cryptocurrency)
Nano (Abbreviation: XNO) is a cryptocurrency characterized by a directed acyclic graph data structure and distributed ledger, making it possible for Nano to work without intermediaries. To agree on what transactions to commit (i.e., achieving consensus), it uses a voting system with weight based on the amount of currency an account holds.

Nano was launched in October 2015 by Colin LeMahieu to address the Bitcoin scalability problem and was created to reduce confirmation times and fees. The currency implements no-fee transactions and achieves confirmation in under one second.

Intermediary
An intermediary, also known as a middleman or go-between, is defined in various ways, according to context. In law or diplomacy, an intermediary is a third party who offers intermediation services between two parties. In trade or barter, an intermediary acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer, which may include wholesalers, resellers, brokers, and various other services. "Intermediation" refers to a process matching two sides of a market, such as buyers and sellers by a third party such as a broker, agent, or wholesaler. One common example of intermediation is in the finance industry, where it involves the matching of lenders with borrowers by a bank.
Acoustic tablet
An acoustic tablet, also known as a spark tablet, is a form of graphics tablet that uses sound to locate the position of the stylus within the drawing area.

The general functionality of acoustic tablets is based on a sound-emitting stylus and microphones that are used to record the sound. The current position of the stylus can be calculated according to the difference in the timing of the recorded sound. The sound can, for example, be a small electrical discharge that is emitted when the stylus is placed near the surface of the tablet.

Acoustic tablets have a long technological history, as seen from this 1971 patent by Science Accessories Corporation. Acoustic tablets are a convenient way to make a digitizing tablet for a very large surface area, as in the products.

Electric discharge
In electromagnetism, an  electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas (i.e., an outgoing flow of electric current through a non-metal medium).
Christmas at the Patti
Christmas at the Patti is a live album, recorded at Man's Christmas party, held at the Patti Pavilion, Swansea, on 19 December 1972.  The album features Man and Help Yourself with guests Deke Leonard, Dave Edmunds and B J Cole, together with appearances by Ducks Deluxe, The Jets, The Flying Aces and Plum Crazy.

The concert started at 6.00 PM and was closed by the police at midnight, so Man's set was truncated and, despite being the hosts, they have only 11'30" on the album, compared to Help Yourself's 25'43".  The six bands appearing on the album were all linked in some way, and several performers appeared in more than one band, some of which were old bands, reformed just for the night.  Those appearing on the album were all "conveniently" UA labelmates.

Originally released as a limited edition double 10" album, with a recommended retail price of £1.43, this topped the budget album chart. It was subsequently released on CD, and, unusually, re-released on 10" vinyl in Italy in 2001

Dave Charles
David Charles is a British drummer, recording engineer & record producer.  He often appears under both names on the same album, e.g. Help Yourself's The Return of Ken Whaley, where Dave Charles is credited with drums and vocals and David Charles as producer.
Trimbak Krishna Tope
Trimbak Krishnarao Tope (popularly known as Dr. T. K. Tope) (28 February 1914 - 21 February 1994), was an authority on Constitutional Law, a noted educationist, a biographer, an Indian lawyer, and teacher. He was Principal of the Government Law College, Mumbai from 1958 to 1975. He served as the Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University from 1971 to 1977. Tope was the Sheriff of Mumbai from 10 December 1985 – 20 December 1986. He participated in the 1930 and 1942 movements.

Government Law College, Mumbai
The Government Law College, Mumbai, (GLC Mumbai), India, founded in 1855, is the oldest law school in Asia.  The college, affiliated to the University of Mumbai, is run by the Government of Maharashtra.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Pratibha Patil, the former President of India, and six Chief Justices of India, as well as several judges of the Supreme Court of India are alumni of the college.
Blood Harmony (album)
Blood Harmony is the sixth studio album by American roots rock band Larkin Poe, released on November 11, 2022, by Tricki-Woo Records.

Blood Harmony won the 2024 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album.

Roots rock
Roots rock is a genre of rock music that looks back to rock's origins in folk, blues, and country music. First emerging in the late 1960s, it is seen as a response to the perceived excesses of the then dominant psychedelic and the developing progressive rock. Because roots music (Americana) is often used to mean folk and world musical forms, roots rock is sometimes used in a broad sense to describe any rock music that incorporates elements of this music.

The 2000s saw a new interest in "roots" music. One proof of that is the specific Grammy Award given since 2015, notably to Jon Batiste in 2022. According to the Grammy website, "This category recognizes excellence in Americana, bluegrass, blues or folk recordings in modern and/or traditional vocal and instrumental styles, as well as original material by artists who use traditional and/or modern roots elements, sounds and instrumental techniques as the basis for their recordings."
Charris
Ángel Mateo Charris  known as Charris (born 1962 in Cartagena, Murcia) is a Spanish painter. His work is included in the figurative line that has been called "neometaphysical", which also includes his contemporaries such as Gonzalo Sicre, Joel Mestre and Dis Berlin.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
Harriet Catherine Frazier Johnson
Harriet Catherine Frazier Johnson (December 3, 1889 – January 27, 1972) was a pioneering educator, civic leader, and the first woman ever elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives. Her bill to provide schoolbooks for children in York County was so popular that the General Assembly amended it to apply to all high schools in the state. Over a long career of service spanning rural education, 4-H youth work, international missionary efforts, and state politics, Johnson dedicated her life to improving opportunities for both women and children in South Carolina and abroad.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Piotr Fergusson Tepper
Piotr Fergusson Tepper (1713–1794) was a Polish banker of German burgher origin, merchant and industrial entrepreneur.

Piotr Fergusson Tepper of Warsaw was the wealthiest banker in the second half of 18th century Poland. Tepper was the owner of a trading house and of landed estates in Mazovia and Volhynia. The principal lender of King Stanisław August Poniatowski and of the Treasury of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, in 1793 Tepper became bankrupt, along with several other Polish banks. Piotr Fergusson Tepper was fatally wounded during disturbances at the time of the Kościuszko Insurrection, after his trading and banking house at Miodowa Street was plundered. He is buried at Powązki Evangelical Cemetery in Warsaw.

Polish Reformed Church
The Polish Reformed Church, officially called the Evangelical Reformed Church in the Republic of Poland (Polish: Kościół Ewangelicko-Reformowany w RP) is a historic Calvinistic Protestant church in Poland established in the 16th century, still in existence today.
Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital
Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital is a community hospital on the Upper North Shore region of Sydney, New South Wales Australia, located on Palmerston Road in Hornsby. As a provider of care since 1933, the Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital is a major metropolitan hospital, and is a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney. It provides hospital care for around 300,000 people living in the Hornsby Ku-ring-gai area. The Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Health Service also incorporates six Community Health Centres and ten Early Childhood Centres.

The hospital is under the control of the Northern Sydney Local Health District having previously been a part of the Northern Sydney Central Coast Area Health Service.

While much of the hospital is of a ramshackle design, the main building is a two-storey circular design (named the Lumby Building for its benefactor), which forms the emblem of the hospital.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Bagnes
Bagnes (French pronunciation: [baɲ] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Bagnes and Vollèges merged to form the new municipality of Val de Bagnes.

With an area of 282 km2 (108.88 sq mi), Bagnes used to be the largest municipality of Switzerland until the formation of Glarus Süd in 2011.

Glarus Süd
Glarus Süd is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Glarus. It comprises the upper Linth valley, and the entire Sernf valley, and includes the villages of Betschwanden, Braunwald, Diesbach, Elm, Engi, Haslen, Hätzingen, Leuggelbach, Linthal, Luchsingen, Matt, Mitlödi, Nidfurn, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool.

Glarus Süd is one of three municipalities of the canton of Glarus, the others being Glarus and Glarus Nord.
Friendship State Trail
The Friendship Trail is a recreation trail in northeastern Wisconsin. The trail is used by walkers, hikers, bikers, horseback riders, and snowmobilers during the winter months. Two sections of the trail are complete: ~14 miles from Winchester east to Fox Crossing and ~4.4 miles from Forest Junction southeast to Brillion. The route consists of asphalt, crushed stone, and wood surfaces. The entire route is located in Winnebago County and Calumet County.

Winnebago County, Wisconsin
Winnebago County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 171,730. Its county seat is Oshkosh. It was named for the historic Winnebago people, a federally recognized Native American tribe now known as the Ho-Chunk Nation. Chief Oshkosh was a Menominee leader in the area. Winnebago County comprises the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area.
George Eastman (cricketer)
George Frederick Eastman (7 April 1903 – 15 March 1991) was an English cricketer.  Eastman was a right-handed batsman who played as a specialist wicket-keeper.  He was born at Leyton, Essex.

Eastman made his first-class debut for Essex in the 1926 County Championship against Nottinghamshire.  He made 47 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1929 County Championship. In his 48 appearances he scored 261 runs at an average of 6.86, with a high score of 34 not out.  Behind the stumps he took 29 catches and made 21 stumpings. With Roy Sheffield and Tom Wade queueing up to take the gloves, as well as being superior batsman, Eastman found himself forced out of the Essex team and left the county at the end of the 1929 season.

Outside cricket, Eastman played football for West Ham United F.C. in 1924–25 and 1925–26. He died at Upperton, Sussex on 15 March 1991.  He was the brother of Essex all-rounder Laurie Eastman.

Stump (cricket)
In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. Stumping or being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

The umpire calling stumps means the play is over for the day.