hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psoroma absconditum
Psoroma absconditum is a species of squamulose (scaly) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It forms small patches of pale brown scales up to 2 cm across, often with distinctive brown disc-shaped fruiting bodies that can reach 4 mm in diameter. The lichen is known only from remote subantarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, where it grows among moss cushions in cold, windy conditions.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
2003 Saskatchewan general election
The 2003 Saskatchewan general election was held on November 5, 2003, to elect the 58 members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (MLAs). The election was called on October 8 by Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan Lynda Haverstock, on the advice of Premier Lorne Calvert.

Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Saskatchewan of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current lieutenant governor is Bernadette McIntyre, who was sworn in on January 31, 2025.
Ischioceratops
Ischioceratops (lit. 'ischium-horned face') is an extinct genus of small herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 77.3-73.5 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now China.

Ischioceratops was a small sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, whose total body length has been estimated to be about 2 m (6.6 ft). The ceratopsians were a group of dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which fed on vegetation and thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period, which ended approximately 66 million years ago, at which point they all became extinct. Its name means "ischium horned face", referring to the peculiar shape of the ischiatic bones.

Ischioceratops existed in the Wangshi Group during the late Cretaceous. It lived alongside centrosaurines, saurolophines, and tyrannosaurines. The most common creatures in the formation were Sinoceratops and Zhuchengtyrannus.

Wangshi Group
The Wangshi Group (Chinese: 王氏群; pinyin: Wángshì Qún) is a geological Group in Shandong, China whose strata date back to the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, approximately 77.3 to 73.5 million years ago. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the group.
Mount Otzi Central Forest Reserve
Mount Otzi Central Forest Reserve is a 188 square kilometer (18,800 hectares) forest reserve located in Moyo District, West Nile Region, Uganda. It is situated on an escarpment that overlooks the confluence of River Achwa and the White Nile as it flows into South Sudan. The reserve is bordered on the North by the International border of South Sudan and to the South by the Moyo-Adjumani District border. Mount Otzi Forest Reserve is an important place for the surrounding people because bamboo poles and other non-timber goods are crucial for building materials and also provide lumber. Not only that, but the National Forestry Authority Department has designated it as an Important Biodiversity Conservation Area due to its importance as a large water catchment area.

White Nile
The White Nile (Arabic: النيل الأبيض an-nīl al-'abyaḍ) is a river in North and East Africa, the minor of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the larger being the Blue Nile. The name "White" comes from the clay sediment carried in the water that changes the water to a pale color.

In the strict meaning, "White Nile" refers to the river formed at Lake No, at the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal and Bahr el Ghazal Rivers. In the wider sense, "White Nile" refers to all the stretches of river draining from Lake Victoria through to the merger with the Blue Nile: the "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, then the "Albert Nile" to the South Sudan border, and then the "Mountain Nile" or "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No. "White Nile" may sometimes include the headwaters of Lake Victoria, the most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from the Blue Nile.
Kommos (theatre)
A kommos (from Greek κομμός, kommós, literally "striking", especially "beating of the head and breast in mourning") is a lyrical song of lamentation in an Athenian tragedy that the chorus and a dramatic character sing together. It is also found in comedies with certain peculiarities. A kommos occurs "when the tension of the play rises to a climax of grief or horror or joy". Examples include the final section (lines 908–1077) of Aeschylus' The Persians (472 BCE) in which Xerxes laments the defeat of his Persian army, the final appearance of Antigone in Sophocles' Antigone (c.442 BCE), the interaction between the chorus and Oedipus when he returns having blinded himself in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex (c.429 BCE), and the exchange between Orestes, Electra and the chorus immediately after Clytemnestra's murder in Euripides' Electra (c.410 BCE).

Climax (narrative)
The climax (from Ancient Greek  κλῖμαξ (klîmax) 'staircase, ladder') or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama, or it is the time when the action starts during which the solution is given. The climax of a story is a literary element.

As a literary element, it is a stage where the protagonist finally faces the greatest challenge or the ultimate obstacle, leading to the resolution or transformation. In terms of structure, climax often constitutes the second of the two parts of a story's Act II, the first being "rising action", which culminates to a moment of crisis. There are also sources that state climax is part of Act III, leading to the falling action and resolution.
Cuispes District
Cuispes is one of the 12 districts of the province of Bongará, located in the Amazonas Region in the north of Peru.

It is bordered to the north by the District of Florida; to the east by the District of Jumbilla; to the south by the District of San Carlos; and to the west by the District of Shipasbamba.

It is part of the Diocese of Chachapoyas.

Department of Amazonas (Peru)
Amazonas (Spanish pronunciation: [amaˈsonas])  is a department of Peru. Located in the country's north, it is bordered by Ecuador on the north and west, Cajamarca on the west, La Libertad on the south, and Loreto and San Martín on the east. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Chachapoyas.

With a landscape of steep river gorges and mountains, Amazonas is the location of Kuelap, a huge stone fortress enclosing more than 400 stone structures; it was built on a mountain about 3,000 meters high, starting about 500 AD and was occupied to the mid-16th century. It is one of Peru's major archeological sites.
2022 Men's Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier
The 1st Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier was the first edition of the Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier for the men's Hockey5s event at the FIH Hockey5s World Cup. It was held alongside the women's tournament in Ismailia, Egypt from 10–15 December 2022.

The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2024 Hockey5s World Cup.

Ismailia
Ismailia (Egyptian Arabic: الإسماعيلية el-Ismāʻīlīyah, Egyptian Arabic: [lesmæʕiˈlejjæ]) is a city in north-eastern Egypt. Situated on the west bank of the Suez Canal, it is the capital of the Ismailia Governorate. The city had an estimated population of 450,388 in 2023. It is located approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at that point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes linked by the Canal.
Benedetto Coda
Benedetto Coda (c. 1460 - 1535) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance active in Rimini. He is mainly known for his religious subjects.

Born in Treviso, Vasari claimed that Coda trained with Giovanni Bellini. He stayed for a brief period in Ferrara and settled in Rimini in the last decade of the 15th century. His works however have little in common with the Venetian School but lean rather towards the style of Francesco Raibolini, called Francesco Francia. There might also be possible Umbrian influences. His art is mannered and archaistic, but also meticulous and pleasing.

Apart from his activity in Rimini, he also worked for several centres in Romagna and the Marche (Faenza, Ravenna, Cesena, Pennabilli, Pesaro and Urbino), in many cases, together with his sons (Bartolomeo, Francesco and Raffaele).

He was elected a member of the City Council. When he died in 1535, this office went to his son Bartolomeo, who was also a painter.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Donnie Harrison
Donnie Harrison is an American retired law enforcement officer who served as the Sheriff of Wake County, North Carolina from 2002 to 2018. Prior to taking the position, he was for 26 years a law enforcement officer in Wake County with the North Carolina Highway Patrol. From 1988 to 1992, he was also the Chief of Security for Lieutenant Governor James Carson Gardner.

Jim Gardner (politician)
James Carson Gardner (born April 8, 1933) is an American businessman and politician from North Carolina who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for just one term from 1967 to 1969 and served as the 30th lieutenant governor from 1989 to 1993.
Elizabeth Gasiba
Elizabeth Mariana Carolina Gasiba de la Hoz (born March 10, 1997) is a Venezuelan model, dentist and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Venezuela 2022. She also represented the Capital District at the Miss Venezuela 2020.

Valentina Sánchez
Valentina Belén Sánchez Trivella is a Venezuelan-American beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Supranational Venezuela 2021. She also represented the state of Nueva Esparta at the Miss Venezuela 2020 finishing as one of the finalists. Sánchez represented Venezuela at the Miss Supranational 2021 competition, finishing as third runner-up.
Sardin
Sardin (Arabic: سردين)  is a Syrian village located in Qurqania Nahiyah in Harem District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sardin had a population of 517 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Isakhan Ashurov
Isakhan Gara oglu Ashurov (Azerbaijani: İsaxan Qara oğlu Aşurov; August 1, 1955, Bolnisi Municipality, Georgian SSR — June 22, 2012, United States) was an Azerbaijani lawyer. From 1996 onward, he practiced law and defended the rights of many political prisoners and “prisoners of conscience”.

Musavat
The Müsavat Party (Azerbaijani: Müsavat Firqəsi, from Arabic: مساواة musāwāt, lit. 'equality'  or 'parity') is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan. Its history can be divided into three periods: Early Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat.

The party was prohibited from contesting the 1995 and 2000 parliamentary elections in Azerbaijan by the Heydar Aliyev regime. At the time, the party was one of major opposition parties in the country.
Eroğlu Holding
Eroğlu Holding (Turkish: Eroğlu Giyim) is a company based in Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey that manufactures and retails clothing. Between 2015–2017, it owned the brand Mexx, with about 300 stores and about 5000 total sales points in 56 countries at the time, based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Eroğlu Holding also founded the brands COLIN'S and LOFT. COLIN'S has over 600 stores in 24 countries. LOFT has 82 stores.

The company's origins date back to the year 1983, when Nurettin Eroğlu and his four brothers set up a 150-m2 clothing factory, which started producing coats and down jackets. In 1986, they started manufacturing their first jeans, branded "Kulis". In 1992, they opened a 10,000m2 factory in Avcılar, Istanbul. By 1992, production was at 1,500 pairs per day and that same year, they renamed their brand "Colin's Jeans".

By 2015 the Holding had sales of over 1.5 billion USD per year, with 70% coming from outside of Turkey. Russia was its biggest market.

Avcılar, Istanbul
Avcılar is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 50 km2, and its population is 452,132 (2022). It is on the European side of the city, just to the west of the Küçükçekmece inlet of the Sea of Marmara.
Alepotrypa Cave
The Alepotrypa Cave (Greek: Αλεπότρυπα, 'The Fox's Hole') is a Neolithic-period archaeological site on the Mani Peninsula of the Peloponnese in southern Greece. Used for burial and cult purposes, it is one of the largest burial sites ever found in Europe. Two adult human skeletons dubbed "the Embracing Skeletons of Alepotrypa" were found at the site, from a burial dating to the 4th millennium BC; remains from at least 170 separate persons have also been uncovered. The Alepotrypa Cave was also inhabited by early farmers. It is one of the caves of Pyrgos Dirou.

Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities or saints and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Francesca Pianzola
Francesca Florida Pianzola was a Swiss athlete of Italian origin. She competed in the two-handed javelin throw and shot put.

In 1921 she competed at the Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo winning silver medal in javelin. In 1922 the competed at the Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo again winning the gold medal in javelin, later in 1922 she also competed at the first regular Women's World Games in Paris again winning gold medal in the javelin event.

In 1923 she again participated in the Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo winning silver medal in javelin, that year she was ranked fifth in the world in the traditional javelin throw. In the same year, she founded "Les Sportives", the first documented women's soccer team in Switzerland.

1921 Women's Olympiad
The 1921 Women's Olympiad Olympiades Féminines and Jeux Olympiques Féminins was the first international women's sports event, a 5-day multi-sport event organised by Alice Milliat and held on 24–31 March 1921 in Monte Carlo at the International Sporting Club of Monaco. The tournament was formally called 1er Meeting International d'Education Physique Féminine de Sports Athlétiques. It was the first of three Women's Olympiads or "Monte Carlo Games" held annually at the venue, and the forerunner of the quadrennial Women's World Games, organised in 1922–34 by the International Women's Sports Federation founded by Milliat later in 1921.
Romancing Mister Bridgerton
Romancing Mister Bridgerton is a 2002 historical romance novel written by Julia Quinn and published by Avon. It is the fourth novel of Quinn's series of Regency romances about the Bridgerton siblings and tells the story of Colin, the third eldest child of the family.

The novel has been a New York Times, Apple Books, USA Today, and Publishers Weekly bestseller, both at the time of publishing and after the debut of the TV adaptation nearly twenty years later. It has been adapted as the third season of Netflix's Bridgerton series, one of the platform's most popular shows of all time. After the show began airing, book retailers often sold out of the series and hardcover copies of the original books began re-selling at prices as high as $700.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Tom Reason
Dr. Thomas Francis Reason (4 July 1890 – 15 February 1935) was a Welsh cricketer.  Reason was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Cadoxton, Glamorgan.

Reason made his debut for Glamorgan in the 1914 Minor Counties Championship against Monmouthshire. He played one further match for the county on 1914, before the season was cut short due to the start of the First World War.  Following the completion of his medical training at Guy's Hospital and the resumption of county cricket following the war, Reason once again played for Glamorgan.  In the 1920 Minor Counties Championship he represented the county in 6 matches, with his final Minor Counties appearance for the county coming against Devon.

Reason made his only first-class appearance for the county in 1923 against Somerset.

Reason died at Skewen, Glamorgan on 15 February 1935.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Honkey Kong (Apathy album)
Honkey Kong is the third solo studio album by American rapper Apathy. It was released on August 23, 2011, via Dirty Version Records. The album was produced by Teddy Roxpin, Vanderslice, Da Beatminerz, DJ Muggs, DJ Premier, DJ Wayne Ski, Evidence, Smoke the World, Statik Selektah, Stu Bangas, and Apathy, who also served as executive producer with Celph Titled. It features guest appearances from Blacastan, Celph Titled, Esoteric, Vinnie Paz, Action Bronson, Brevi, Ill Bill, Mad Lion, Motive, OuterSpace, Reef the Lost Cauze, Slaine, Steele, Tosha Makia, and Xzibit.

The album peaked at number 40 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 45 on the Independent Albums and number 7 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States.

Vinnie Paz
Vincenzo Luviner (né Luvineri born October 5, 1977), better known as Vinnie Paz (formerly known as Ikon the Verbal Hologram), is an Italian-American rapper and producer behind the Philadelphia underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. He is also the frontman of the hip hop collective Army of the Pharaohs.

He released his first solo album, Season of the Assassin, in 2010. This was 18 years after Paz had originally started rapping. He released his second album God of the Serengeti in October 2012. In 2013, Paz confirmed that he was working with Army of the Pharaohs to release In Death Reborn, which was released in 2014. October 22, 2013, marked the release date of his second EP, Carry On Tradition. Paz's third solo LP, The Cornerstone of the Corner Store, was released on October 28, 2016. He released his fourth solo album, The Pain Collector, in September 2018.
Lac la Nonne
Lac la Nonne is a lake in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located between Lac Ste. Anne County and the County of Barrhead No. 11, 85 km north-west from Edmonton, east of the Grizzly Trail.

The lake is located within the Athabasca River basin and is fed by Majeau Creek, with water levels controlled by a dam, on the outflowing MacDonald Creek which then flows into the Pembina River.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
The love that dare not speak its name
The love that dare not speak its name is a phrase from the last line of the poem "Two Loves" by Lord Alfred Douglas, written in September 1892 and published in the Oxford magazine The Chameleon in December 1894. It was mentioned at Oscar Wilde's gross indecency trial and  is usually interpreted as a euphemism for homosexuality.

In Wilde's definition, "the love that dare not speak its name" was:

[S]uch a great affection of an elder for a younger man [...] such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy [...] It is that deep, spiritual affection that is as pure as it is perfect [...] There is nothing unnatural about it. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him.

Euphemism
contraceptives

menstrual pads and tampons

adult diapers

A euphemism is the substitution of a potentially offensive or unpleasant word or expression with one that is more pleasant or inoffensive. Some euphemisms are humorous, while others use mild or neutral language to downplay certain concepts. They can often be used to soften profanity or discuss sensitive or taboo topics, such as disability, sex, bodily functions, pain, violence, illness, or death, in a more polite manner.
Sarens
Sarens is a Belgian multinational company headquartered in Wolvertem, Belgium. Its business includes, heavy lift, engineered transport, and crane rental services. It produces a variety of equipment including cranes, transportation, gantries, jacking products, and other heavy lifting products.

Meise
Meise (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɛisə]) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in the Flemish region of Belgium. The municipality comprises the towns of Meise proper and Wolvertem (a deelgemeente), and several smaller villages like Sint-Brixius-Rode, Oppem, Meusegem, Impde/Imde, Rossem, Westrode and quarters as Bouchout, Nerom and Slozen. On January 1, 2006, Meise had a total population of 18,464. The total area is 34.82 km2 (13.44 sq mi), which gives a population density of 530/km2 (1,400/sq mi).