hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon
Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon is a 2012 book by Cindy Ott. The author follows the history of the pumpkin, from Native American diet staple, to food for peasants, feed for livestock, and now as the symbol of autumn and a multi-million dollar industry. Once considered a desperate substitute to use in beer and bread, only in the absence of barley and wheat, the pumpkin's popularity grew out the romantic nostalgia of rural residents turned city-dwellers, and its commercialization has now reached unprecedented heights. Ott traces the shifting status of the pumpkin in American culture. The author goes as far as to paint the pumpkin as a cultural icon that helped forge a uniquely American identity.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Ephraim Knight
Ephraim Knight (February 27, 1786 – February 3, 1868) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Missisquoi in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1834 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.

He was born in Shrewsbury, Vermont, the son of Amos Knight, and settled in the Eastern Townships before the War of 1812. He lived in Saint-Armand and later Dunhuam, then moved to Bedford after his marriage to Philenda Beeman in 1819. He attended an assembly of reformers at Stanbridge in 1837 and was put in prison in Montreal in 1838. Knight died in Stanbridge at the age of 81.

Bedford, Quebec (city)
Bedford (French pronunciation: [bɛdfœʁd]) is a city located in the Eastern Townships region of southern Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 2,684. This small community is just an hour's drive from larger cities such as Burlington and Montreal.
Matthew Parkinson
Matthew Edgar Parkinson (born 14 September 1972) is a former English cricketer. Parkinson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Lancaster, Lancashire.

Parkinson made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against Cumberland in 1996.  The following season he made his second and final Championship appearance for the county against Staffordshire.

In 1999, he made his debut in List A cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against the Netherlands in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, in what would be his only List A appearance for the side.

In 2000, he moved back south to play a single List A match for Cambridgeshire against Hertfordshire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  In his two List A matches, he scored 25 runs at a batting average of 25.00, with a high score of 20.

Cumbria County Cricket Club
Cumbria County Cricket Club (formerly Cumberland County Cricket Club) is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Cricket Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Cumbria played List A matches occasionally from 1984 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

With Westmorland losing a CCC, Cumberland renamed to Cumbria to cover both counties. The rename to Cumbria takes inspiration from a similar local government reform. The club play at Carlisle (Edenside Ground), Workington and Penrith from Cumberland as well as Westmorland's former grounds in Kendal (Netherfield Cricket Club Ground) and Barrow-in-Furness, the latter originally Lancashire.
Middle Huaihai Road station
Middle Huaihai Road (Chinese: 淮海中路; pinyin: Huáihǎi Zhōng Lù) is a station on Line 13 of the Shanghai Metro. This station is located on Ruijin 1st Road (near Middle Huaihai Road).  The station opened on December 19, 2015 as part of the extension to Line 13.

Lines 1 and 14 pass through without stopping. It is between South Shaanxi Road and Site of the First CPC National Congress · South Huangpi Road on Line 1, and between Jing'an Temple and South Huangpi Road on Line 14.

Line 14 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro is an east-west metro line opened on 30 December 2021. The line, consisting of 31 stations, starts from Fengbang town in Jiading District, and terminate in Jinqiao town in Pudong New Area via Zhenru, Jing'an Temple, Dashijie, and Lujiazui. Its total length is 39.1 kilometres (24.3 mi), and passengers are able to transfer to 13 existing and planned metro lines. Due to Line 14 cutting across some of the densest areas of Shanghai and being a relief line for line 2, high ridership is expected for the line. As such the line uses high capacity 8 car A size trains similar to lines 1 and 2. The line uses an automatic train control system jointly developed by Thales and Shanghai Electric. Line 14 is fully driverless. The line is colored olive on system maps.
Gerdašiai
Gerdašiai is a village in Druskininkai municipality, in Alytus County, in southern Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village has a population of 34 people.

Gerdašiai village is located c. 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Druskininkai and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the Belarusian border.

Alytus County
Alytus County (Lithuanian: Alytaus apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is the southernmost county, and its capital is the city of Alytus. Its territory lies within the ethnographic region of Dzūkija. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Alytus County remains as a territorial and statistical unit.

It borders the Vilnius County in the east, Marijampolė County and Kaunas County in the north, Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland in the west, and Grodno Region of Belarus in the south..
Rosa María Vázquez
Rosa María Vázquez Bustamante (born 5 August 1943) is a Mexican actress of film and television. A native of Tulancingo, Hidalgo, she made her film debut at the age of six in Emilio Fernández's The Torch (1950) starring Paulette Goddard and Pedro Armendáriz. She studied acting for three years at the National Association of Actors' Film Academy of Radio and Television, and was given her first starring role opposite Cantinflas in El padrecito (1964), her most famous film.

Pedro Armendáriz
Pedro Gregorio Armendáriz Hastings (May 9, 1912 – June 18, 1963) was a Mexican and American actor. With the actresses Dolores del Río and María Félix, he was one of the best-known Latin American movie stars of the 1940s and 1950s. He won the Ariel Award for Best Actor twice (out of six nominations), for The Pearl (1948) and Soledad's Shawl (1952).
¡Ciaütistico!
¡Ciaütistico! is the debut album from XXL, the collaborative effort of Italian experimental rock band Larsen and American band Xiu Xiu. It was recorded at Larsen's studio in Turin, Italy. Though largely instrumental, the album features vocals from Caralee McElroy on "Paw Paw Paw Paw Paw Paw Paw" and "Minne Mouseistic" and Jamie Stewart on "(Pokey I'm Your) Gnocchi" and "Prince Charming", a cover of the 1981 single by Adam and the Ants.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Zuni fetishes
Zuni fetishes are small carvings made from primarily stone but also shell, fossils, and other materials by the Zuni people. Within the Zuni community, these carvings serve ceremonial purposes for their creators and depict animals and icons integral to their culture. As a form of contemporary Native American art, they are sold with secular intentions to collectors worldwide. Prior to the establishment of a non-Native market for fetishes, Hopi, Navajo, and other Pueblo peoples, especially at Kewa Pueblo also carved and used fetishes.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Melody (grape)
Melody is a hybrid white wine grape variety produced from a cross of Seyval blanc and a grape called Geneva White 5, which is itself a cross between Pinot blanc and Ontario.  Melody produces a light white with notes of peach and honeysuckle, and refreshing acidity, even at low sugar levels (0.7%-0.6% RS).

The grape is noted for its resistance to powdery mildew and Botrytis, although downy mildew has been noted on leaves and clusters.  It grows well in both sandy and clay loam soils.

Erysiphaceae
Erysiphaceae (commonly known as powdery mildews) is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Helotiales. The members of this family are obligate parasites with a superficial mycelium that forms a characteristic white, powdery coating on their host plants.

The family contains seventeen genera and around a thousand species. Combined they infect over 10,000 species of plants, many of which are commercially valuable.
Background independence
Background independence is a condition in theoretical physics that requires the defining equations of a theory to be independent of the actual shape of the spacetime and the value of various fields within the spacetime. In particular this means that it must be possible not to refer to a specific coordinate system—the theory must be coordinate-free. In addition, the different spacetime configurations (or backgrounds) should be obtained as different solutions of the underlying equations.

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Jonathan Finley
Jonathan James Finley (born 1972) is a Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Munich in Garching, Germany, where he holds the Chair of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Quantum Systems. His focus is on quantum phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures, photonic materials, dielectric and metallic films, among others, for applications in quantum technology. At such, he made major contributions to the characterization and understanding of the optical, electronic and spintronic properties of quantum dots and wires both from group-IV (Si, SiGe, C) and II-VI materials and oxides (CdSe, ZnO).

Quantum engineering
Quantum engineering is the development of technology that capitalizes on the laws of quantum mechanics. This type of engineering uses quantum mechanics to develop technologies such as quantum sensors and quantum computers.
Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation candidates in the 1949 Manitoba provincial election
The Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation was the primary opposition party in the 1949 provincial election, challenging the coalition government of Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives.  Seven of the party's candidates were elected.  Some CCF candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.
Negros Muscovados
The Negros Muscovados were a Filipino professional basketball team based in Bacolod, a highly urbanized city in the province of Negros Occidental. The team last competed in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). The team most recently played its home games at La Salle Coliseum, a venue they used to share with the Bacolod City of Smiles, their Negros Island Region rivals.

The team was established in 2021 and began competing full-time starting with the 2023 MPBL season alongside the Quezon Huskers. The team last competed in the 2024 MPBL season.

Negros Island Region
The Negros Island Region (Tagalog: Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros; Cebuano: Rehiyon sa Pulo sa Negros; Hiligaynon: Rehiyon sang Pulo sang Negros; Spanish: Región de Negros; NIR) is an administrative region in the Philippines. It includes the islands of Negros and Siquijor, and comprises the provinces of Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, and Siquijor, along with the highly urbanized city of Bacolod, the region's most populous city. The regional centers are Bacolod and Dumaguete.

The region was originally established on May 29, 2015, comprising the provinces of Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, and the city of Bacolod, all located on the island of Negros. However, the NIR was abolished on August 9, 2017. Nearly seven years later, the region was re-established on June 11, 2024, this time including Siquijor, an island province southeast of Negros that was previously part of Central Visayas.
Righton
Righton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Righton (1905–1982), Australian rugby league footballer

Caroline Righton (born 1958), English television presenter and author

Edward Righton (actor) (1838–1899), English actor

Edward Righton junior (1912–1986), English first-class cricketer

Edward Righton senior (1884–1964), English first-class cricketer

James Righton (born 1983), English musician

Len Righton (1898–1972), New Zealand rugby union player

Peter Righton (1926–2007), child protection expert, social care worker, convicted child molester

Sybilla Righton Masters (1676–1720), American inventor

Len Righton
Leonard Stephen Righton (12 October 1898 – 14 February 1972) was a New Zealand rugby union player. Primarily a lock, Righton represented Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1923 and 1925. However, he missed selection for the 1924 "Invincibles" tour. He played nine matches for the All Blacks but did not appear in any internationals.

On 3 August 1927, Righton married Eileen Gladys O'Leary at St Patrick's Cathedral, Auckland. He died in Auckland on 14 February 1972.
Il sogno del maratoneta
Il sogno del maratoneta (English: The Dream of the Marathon Runner) is an Italian TV movie produced by RAI television. It is directed by Leone Pompucci and stars Luigi Lo Cascio and Laura Chiatti. It was aired on television as a two-parter. It is an adaptation of the similarly-titled book by Giuseppe Pederiali.

It has been presented at the 26th Festival international de programmes audiovisuels (FIPA) in Biarritz (France) on 25 and 26 January 2013 in the selections Fiction and Compétition.

Biarritz
Biarritz (UK: /bɪəˈrɪts, ˈbɪərɪts/ beer-ITS, BEER-its, US: /ˌbiːəˈrɪts, ˈbiːərɪts/ BEE-ə-RITS, -⁠rits, French: [bjaʁits] ⓘ, Basque: [bi.arits̻]; also spelled Miarritze [mi.arits̻e]; Occitan: Biàrritz [ˈbjarits]) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border with Spain. It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the Hôtel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eugénie c. 1855), its seafront casinos, and its surfing culture.
Storelk Mountain
Storelk Mountain is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia on the Continental Divide. It was named in 1915. The toponym is a portmanteau that combines "stor" and "elk", as the mountain is positioned between Storm Creek and Elk River.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
2022–23 Harvard Crimson women's basketball team
The 2022–23 Harvard Crimson women's basketball team represented Harvard University during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Crimson, led by first-year head coach Carrie Moore, played their home games at the Lavietes Pavilion in Boston, Massachusetts as members of the Ivy League. The Crimson qualified for the Ivy League women's tournament for the fifth season in a row. They advanced to the championship game for the first time in program history after defeating Columbia but fell to Princeton in the championship game. The Crimson accepted a bid to the 2023 Women's National Invitation Tournament, where they advanced to the Great 8 for the first time in program history, but lost to Columbia 71–77.

2022–23 Princeton Tigers women's basketball team
The 2022–23 Princeton Tigers women's basketball team represented Princeton University during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Tigers, led by fourth-year head coach Carla Berube, played their home games at Jadwin Gymnasium in Princeton, New Jersey as members of the Ivy League. They finished the Ivy League season 12–2, winning a share of the championship alongside Columbia. The Tigers won the 2023 Ivy League women's basketball tournament, their fourth championship title, and earned an automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament, the team's tenth appearance. They lost to Utah in the second round.
Monkerton
Monkerton is a small hamlet located within the village of Pinhoe, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Exeter in the county of Devon, England. It lies near Pinhoe railway station, which provides local rail connections.

Since 2015, Monkerton has undergone significant residential development, with multiple housing developers receiving planning permission to construct new properties. Barratt David Wilson received approval to build 178 housing units, comprising both private and affordable homes. Proposals have included integrating housing with the surrounding natural environment and enhancing local wildlife habitats.

An "engineering and mechanics" centre has also been established nearby by Exeter College, contributing to the area's educational infrastructure. Alongside other local amenities, this is considered a key factor in the growing appeal of Monkerton as a residential area.

Pinhoe railway station
Pinhoe railway station is a railway station located on the eastern edge of the city of Exeter in Devon, England, that serves the village of Pinhoe. It was opened by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) in 1871, but is now operated by South Western Railway, which provides services on the West of England Main Line. It is 168 miles 44 chains (271.3 km) down the line from London Waterloo.
Empe
Empe is a village in the municipality of Brummen in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. Empe is located on the Apeldoorn-Zutphen railway, 4 km west of Zutphen.  The NS railway station Voorst-Empe was reopened on 10 December 2006.  The castle Huis Empe, built around 1550 lies on the edge of the village.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Eggan
Eggan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorothy Way Eggan (1901–1965), American anthropologist

Fred Eggan (1906–1991), American anthropologist, husband of Dorothy

Kevin Eggan (born 1974), American biologist

Fred Eggan
Frederick Russell Eggan (September 12, 1906, in Seattle, Washington – May 7, 1991) was an American anthropologist best known for his innovative application of the principles of British social anthropology to the study of Native American tribes.  He was the favorite student of the British social anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown during Radcliffe-Brown's years at the University of Chicago.  His fieldwork was among Pueblo peoples in the southwestern U.S.  Eggan later taught at Chicago himself.  His students there included Sol Tax.

His best known works include his edited volume Social Anthropology of North American Tribes (1937) and The American Indian (1966).

His wife, Dorothy Way Eggan (1901–1965), whom he married in 1939, was also an anthropologist.
Birger Sandzén
Sven Birger Sandzén (February 5, 1871 – June 22, 1954), known more commonly as Birger Sandzén, was a Swedish painter best known for his landscapes. He produced most of his work while working as an art professor at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas.

Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts
The Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts (Swedish: Kungliga Akademien för de fria konsterna), commonly called the Royal Academy, is located in Stockholm, Sweden. An independent organization that promotes the development of painting, sculpture, architecture, and other fine arts, it is one of several Swedish Royal Academies. The Royal Institute of Art, an art school that was once an integral part of the academy, was broken out in 1978 as an independent entity directly under the supervision of the Ministry of Education.