hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Anne Lewis
Elizabeth Anne Lewis (née Lewis; 1843/48-1924) was a British temperance activist and local missionary. Throughout her life, she was devoted to the moral suasion phase of the temperance movement. 
She was a vice-president of the British Temperance League, the London Temperance Hospital, the Women's Total Abstinence Union, and the National British Temperance Association. She held the United Kingdom Alliance in  high regard.

United Kingdom Alliance
The United Kingdom Alliance (UKA) was a British temperance organisation. It was founded in 1853 in Manchester to work for the prohibition of the trade in alcohol in the United Kingdom. This occurred in a context of support for the type of law passed by General Neal Dow in Maine, United States, in 1851, prohibiting the sale of intoxicants.
Barton (1801 ship)
Barton was launched in Bermuda, probably in 1799, and built of Bermuda cedar. She first appeared in registers under the Barton name in 1801 as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The French captured her in 1803 before she had delivered the captives she had purchased for her second voyage. She returned to British ownership but her whereabouts between 1804 and 1810 are obscure. In 1811, she was again captured by a French privateer, which however gave her up. She grounded on 27 April 1819 at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River and was wrecked.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Gallucci
Gallucci (Italian: [ɡalˈluttʃi]) is an Italian surname which can also be found in the Italian diaspora. The family name is most prevalent in the Italian regions Campania, Lazio and Lombardy. In Campania the name is toponymic and derived from the municipality of Galluccio as well as connected to the Principality of Capua (900–1156), while in Lazio it can be traced back to the Latin name Gallutius. It should be distinguished from the similar names Galluccio, Galluzzi and Galluzzo.

Galluccio
Galluccio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Naples and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Caserta. It is at the feet of the southern slopes of Monte Camino.
Juan Sarmiento Soto
Juan Sarmiento Soto (13 November 1941 – 7 April 2015) was a Peruvian engineer and public administrator who served as  Minister of Housing, Construction and Sanitation under President Alan García from September 2009 to July 2011.

Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation
The Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation (Spanish: Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, MVCS) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for housing materials and construction, as well as the administration of the country's water supply.

As of 2025, the minister responsible is Durich Whittembury.
Kineto Wireless
Kineto Wireless is based in Milpitas, California and provides telco-OTT services to the mobile industry. Kineto's services enhance and extend communications services out over IP-based networks, such as the Internet.

Kineto is a privately held, venture-backed company whose investors, including Venrock Associates, Sutter Hill Ventures, Oak Investment Partners and SeaPointVentures.

Customers and partners include Acme Packet, HTC Corporation, Huawei, LG Electronics, Motorola, NewPace, Orange (telecommunications), Rogers Wireless, Research in Motion, Samsung Group, SFR, T-Mobile USA and ZTE.

The company innovated Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA), also known as Generic Access Network (GAN).

LG Electronics
LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: 엘지 전자; RR: Elji Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational major appliance and consumer electronics corporation headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea. LG Electronics is a part of LG Corporation, the fourth largest chaebol in South Korea, and often considered as the pinnacle of LG Corp with the group's chemical and battery division LG Chem. It comprises four business units: home entertainment, mobility, home appliances & air solutions, and business solutions. LG Electronics acquired Zenith in 1995 and is the largest shareholder of LG Display, the world's largest display company by revenue in 2020. LG Electronics is also the world's second largest television manufacturer behind Samsung Electronics. The company has 128 operations worldwide, employing 83,000 people.
Evaristo Martelo Paumán
Evaristo Martelo y Paumán del Nero Nuñez y Zuazo-Mondragón, 6th Marquess of Almeiras (1850–1928), was a Spanish aristocrat, writer and politician. He is known chiefly as a poet who contributed to emergence of the literary Galician and who is counted among protagonists of the so-called Rexurdimento. He perceived galego as a royal language of ancient rulers, framed in the Celtic mythology, and opposed the concept of Galician as a rural folk speak. Martelo engaged in few organisations related to the Galician culture and was a member of the Royal Galician Academy. Politically he supported the Traditionalist cause and served as leader of the Carlist provincial organisation in La Coruña; he has never engaged in building up Galician nationalism.

Rianxo
Rianxo is a port town  and municipality in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña. It has a population of a little over 10,000 and its two main industries are fishing and tourism. The town's yearly celebration of Our Lady of Guadalupe is popular with tourists. Rianxo was the birthplace of several influential Galician writers, including  Paio Gómez Chariño gl, Manuel Antonio, Alfonso R. Castelao and Rafael Dieste.
Kary (name)
Kary is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Douglas Kary, Republican member of the Montana Legislature

Hans Kary (born 1949), former Austrian professional tennis player

Given name:

Kary Antholis, American executive at the television network HBO

Kary Arora (born 1977), the first female professional DJ in Delhi, India

Kary H Lasch (1914–1993), Swedish photographer

Kary Mullis (1944–2019), a Nobel Prize–winning American biochemist, author, and lecturer

Kary Ng (born 1986), a pop rock singer in Hong Kong

Kary Osmond, Canadian television chef

Kary Vincent (born 1969), American football player

Kary Vincent Jr. (born 1999), American football player

Kary Mullis
Kary Banks Mullis (December 28, 1944 – August 7, 2019) was an American biochemist. In recognition of his role in the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith and was awarded the Japan Prize in the same year. PCR became a central technique in biochemistry and molecular biology, described by The New York Times as "highly original and significant, virtually dividing biology into the two epochs of before PCR and after PCR."

Mullis downplayed humans' role in climate change, expressed doubt that HIV is the cause of AIDS, and professed a belief in astrology and the paranormal. He also practiced clandestine chemistry by producing LSD. Mullis's unscientific statements about topics outside his area of expertise have been named by Skeptical Inquirer as an instance of "Nobel disease".
Arniqueira
Arniqueira is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. Arniqueira grew substantially between 2000 and 2010, in which the population went from 18,716 to 43,718. In 2015 it was projected that the administrative region would have 46,621 inhabitants in 2020, and in 2021 the region reached 47,045.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Fu (administrative division)
Fu (Chinese: 府; pinyin: fǔⓘ) is a traditional administrative division of Chinese origin used in the East Asian cultural sphere, translated variously as commandery, prefecture, urban prefecture, or city. They were first instituted as a regular form of administrative division of China's Tang Empire, but were later adopted in Vietnam, Japan and Korea. At present, only two fu still remain: the prefectures of Kyoto and Osaka in Japan.

The term fu is currently also used in Chinese to translate the provinces of Thailand, but not those of mainland China, Taiwan or other countries.

Gyeongsang Province
Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상도; Hanja: 慶尙道; Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.sa̠ŋ.do̞]) was one of the Eight Provinces of Joseon Korea. Gyeongsang was located in southeastern Korea.

The provincial capital of Gyeongsang was Daegu. The region was the birthplace of the kingdom of Silla, which unified Korea in 668 CE. The region also has a highly significant role in modern Korean history; every non-acting South Korean president from 1963 to 2022 except Choi Kyu-hah (1979-1980) had ancestry from Gyeongsang, and all except Lee Myung-bak were also born in Gyeongsang.

Today, the historical region is divided into five administrative divisions: the three independent cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan, and the two provinces of North Gyeongsang Province and South Gyeongsang Province. The largest city in the historical region is Busan, followed by Daegu.
Pogranichny District
Pogranichny District (Russian: Пограни́чный райо́н; Chinese: 波格拉尼奇內區) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,750.0 square kilometers (1,447.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Pogranichny. Population:   23,492 (2010 census); 25,761 (2002 census); 26,604 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 43.8% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai
The Primorye region in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation is divided into 22 raions and 12 urban districts . A total of 28 urban and 117 rural communities are subordinate to the raions (as of 2010).
Nora Wilhelm
Nora Wilhelm (born May 25, 1993, in Aarau) is a Swiss activist and social entrepreneur for the goals of the 2030 Agenda. She is a co-founder of the "collaboratio helvetica" initiative and has been honoured as Young Leader by UNESCO.

Aarau
Aarau (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːraʊ], Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈɑːræu̯]) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The town is also the capital of the district of Aarau. It is German-speaking and predominantly Protestant. Aarau is situated on the Swiss plateau, in the valley of the Aare, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura Mountains, and is west of Zurich, 58 kilometres (36 miles) south of Basel and 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast of Bern. The municipality borders directly on the canton of Solothurn to the west. It is the largest town in Aargau. At the beginning of 2010 Rohr became a district of Aarau.

The official language of Aarau is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Moroccanoil
Moroccanoil is an Israeli cosmetics company headquartered in New York City, specializing in hair care products containing argan oil. The company was founded in 2008 in Montreal by Chilean-Canadian Carmen Tal and her Israeli then-husband Ofer Tal.

Argan oil
Argan oil is a plant oil produced from the kernels of the argan tree (Argania spinosa L.), which is indigenous to Morocco and southwestern Algeria. In Morocco, argan oil is used to dip bread at breakfast or to drizzle on couscous or pasta. It is also used for cosmetic purposes.
Stephan Miller
Stephan K. Miller (May 6, 1968 – April 22, 2008) was an American animal trainer, wrangler, and stunt double who was killed by a bear while making a promotional video.

Miller had worked as a trainer at Predators in Action, an animal training facility operated by his paternal cousin, Randy Miller, who trains wild and exotic animals for film and television appearances. At the time of his death, Miller was not working as a trainer, but was attempting to perform a bear wrestling stunt supervised by Randy Miller.

Animal training
Animal training is the act of teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection,  and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than a wild animal in a circus.

In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist. They do not share consistent goals or requirements; they do not prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor using the title. Similarly, the United States does not require animal trainers to have any specific certification. An animal trainer should consider the natural behaviors of the animal and aim to modify behaviors through a basic system of reward and punishment.
Future Character of Conflict
The Future Character of Conflict was a study produced by the UK Ministry of Defence's Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC).  It was undertaken alongside the Centre's Global Strategic Trends Programme. The report details global trends that indicate increasing instability and growing opportunity for confrontation and group conflict.  State failure, extremists, increased competition for resources and the changing global balance of power will dictate why, where and how conflict occurs.  The study concludes that the character of conflict will continue to evolve.  Though it is impossible to accurately predict the exact character of the future conflict, in many future operations the armed forces are likely to face a range of simultaneous threats and adversaries in an anarchic and extended operating area.

This report was replaced in 2015 by the document Future Operating Environment 2035.

Instability
In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds.  Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.

In structural engineering, a structural beam or column can become unstable when excessive compressive load is applied. Beyond a certain threshold, structural deflections magnify stresses, which in turn increases deflections. This can take the form of buckling or crippling. The general field of study is called structural stability.

Atmospheric instability is a major component of all weather systems on Earth.
Canon Sinuum (Pitiscus)
The Canon Sinuum is the main part of Bartholomaeus Pitiscus'  Thesaurus Mathematicus sive Canon Sinuum ad radium 1.00000.00000.00000 published as a folio in 1613 (misprinted on two of the titles 1513, by omission of a C in the Roman numeral MDCXIII) in Frankfurt. It is a table of sines, originally computed by Rheticus, with the sines given every 10 seconds to 15 places, with first, second, and third differences. This table spans 270 pages.

In addition, the Canon Sinuum gives the sines to 15 places for every second of the first and last degrees of the quadrant, as well as several other tables.

Georg Joachim Rheticus
Georg Joachim de Porris, also known as Rheticus (/ˈrɛtɪkəs/; 16 February 1514 – 4 December 1574), was a mathematician, astronomer, cartographer, navigational-instrument maker, medical practitioner, and teacher. He is perhaps best known for his trigonometric tables and as Nicolaus Copernicus's sole pupil. He facilitated the publication of his master's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
Thirumanam (TV series)
Thirumanam (transl. "The Wedding") is an Indian Tamil language drama airing on Colors Tamil. It premiered on 8 October 2018 to 16 October 2020  The show stars Shreya Anchan and Sidhu. The series is a remake of Agnisakshi, an Indian Kannada television drama that premiered on Colors Kannada on 2 December 2013.

Colors Tamil
Colors Tamil is an Indian Tamil language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India on 19 February 2018. The channel's headquarters is in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It primarily telecasts programs such as serials, reality shows and Tamil films.
Raf coffee
Raf coffee (Russian: раф-кофе) is a popular coffee drink in some countries of the former USSR, which appeared in the late 1990s in Russia. It is prepared by adding cream and vanilla sugar to a single shot of espresso and then foaming the mix with the espresso machine's steam wand. The main differences from a latte are the use of vanilla sugar and cream instead of milk and the fact that the whole mix is foamed together instead of just milk. Vanilla sugar is often substituted with syrup.

Syrup
In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from Latin: sirupus, from earlier Arabic: شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine) is a thick, viscous, liquid condiment consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water. It typically contains a large amount of dissolved sugars but shows little tendency to deposit crystals. In its concentrated form, its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
Baegunsan
Baegunsan (백운산; 白雲山) is the name of several mountains in South Korea:

Baegunsan (Uiwang/Suwon), in the communities of Uiwang, Suwon, and Yongin in Gyeonggi-do

Baegunsan (Gangwon/Gyeonggi), in the city of Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do and Hwacheon County, Gangwon-do

Baegunsan (North Chungcheong/Gangwon), in the cities of Wonju, Gangwon-do and Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk-do

Baegunsan (Jeongseon/Pyeongchang), in Jeongseon and Pyeongchang Counties, Gangwon-do

Baegunsan (South Jeolla), in Gwangyang, Jeollanam-do

Baegunsan (South Gyeongsang/North Jeolla), in Hamyang County, Gyeongsangnam-do and Jangsu County, Jeollabuk-do

Baegunsan (Uiwang and Suwon)
Baegunsan (Korean: 백운산) or Mount Baegun is a mountain in Gyeonggi Province(Gyeonggi-do), South Korea. Its area extends across the cities of Uiwang, Suwon and Yongin. Baegunsan has an elevation of 567 m (1,860 ft).
KMFM Extra
KMFM Extra was a DAB radio station based in Rochester and broadcasting to the county of Kent, South East England. It was part of the KMFM group of radio stations in the county, which are part of the KM Group.

The station offered a "cutting edge alternative" to KMFM which played everything from Girls Aloud to Kanye West. The station broadcast from the Medway studios and featured non-stop music, apart from commercials and the hourly news bulletins containing local and entertainment news. KMFM Extra was available through parts of Kent, although not near the coastal area due to weak DAB signals.

The station was based on Sir Thomas Longley Road in Rochester, along with KMFM Medway.

KM Media Group
KM Media Group is a multimedia company in the county of Kent, England which originated as the publisher of the Kent Messenger. The Group now produces local newspapers, radio stations, TV and websites throughout the county. Iliffe Media acquired KM Media Group in April 2017.
Han Pil-hwa
Han Pil-hwa (Korean: 한필화; Hancha: 韓弼花; born 21 January 1942) is a female North Korean speed skater who competed in the 1964 Winter Olympics and in the 1972 Winter Olympics. She was the first woman to represent North Korea at the Olympics.

She was born in Nampo, South Pyongan Province.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
ASBIS
ASBISC Enterprises PLC is a multinational corporate group that is engaged in distribution of IT-products (mobile devices, computer software and hardware) in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) emerging markets and is headquartered in Limassol (Cyprus).

ASBIS distributes a wide range of A-branded finished products and IT components to assemblers, system integrators, local brands, retail and wholesale companies.  The company is an official distributor of world's leading brands such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices ("AMD"), Seagate Technology, Western Digital, Samsung, Microsoft, Toshiba, Dell, Acer, Hitachi, Gigabyte, Lenovo and Apple.

The company also generates a significant part of its revenue from the sales of IT and consumer electronics products under its own brands - Prestigio, Canyon, Perenio, AENO and Lorgar.

Systems integrator
A systems integrator (or system integrator) is a person or company that specializes in bringing together component subsystems into a whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together, a practice known as system integration. They also solve problems of automation. Systems integrators may work in many fields but the term is generally used in the information technology (IT) field such as computer networking, the defense industry, the mass media, enterprise application integration, business process management or manual computer programming. Data quality issues are an important part of the work of systems integrators.
Xenon oxytetrafluoride
Xenon oxytetrafluoride (XeOF4) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is an unstable colorless liquid with a melting point of −46.2 °C (−51.2 °F; 227.0 K) that can be synthesized by partial hydrolysis of XeF6, or the reaction of XeF6 with silica or NaNO3:

NaNO3 + XeF6 → NaF + XeOF4 + FNO2

A high-yield synthesis proceeds by the reaction of XeF6 with POF3 at −196 °C (−320.8 °F; 77.1 K).

Like most xenon oxides, it is extremely reactive, and it hydrolyses in water to give hazardous and corrosive products, including hydrogen fluoride:

2 XeOF4 + 4 H2O → 2 Xe + 8 HF + 3 O2

In addition, some ozone and fluorine is formed.

Allotropes of oxygen
There are several known allotropes of oxygen. The most familiar is molecular oxygen (O2), present at significant levels in Earth's atmosphere and also known as dioxygen or triplet oxygen. Another is the highly reactive ozone (O3). Others are:

Atomic oxygen (O1), a free radical.

Singlet oxygen (O*2), one of two metastable states of molecular oxygen.

Tetraoxygen (O4), another metastable form.

Solid oxygen, existing in six variously colored phases, of which one is octaoxygen (O8, red oxygen) and another one metallic (ζ-oxygen).
Michalík
Michalik or Michalík is a West Slavic surname meaning Michal family. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexis Michalik (born 1982), actor, scriptwriter and director

Art Michalik (1930–2021), American football player

Jan Michalik (1948–2022), Polish sport wrestler

Jessica Michalik (1985–2001)

Józef Michalik (born 1941), Polish archbishop

Krystian Michalik (born 1944), Polish footballer

Ľubomír Michalík (1983, Čadca), Slovak footballer

Mário Michalík (born 1973), Slovak football goalkeeper

Michal Michalík (born 1980), Czech modern pentathlete

Monika Michalik (born 1980), Polish sport wrestler

Pavol Michalík (born 1951), Slovak football goalkeeper

Piotr Michalik (born 1957), Polish wrestler

Rastislav Michalík (born 1974), Slovak footballer

Tadeusz Michalik, Polish sport wrestler

Death of Jessica Michalik
Jessica Anna Michalik (7 January 1985 – 31 January 2001) was an Australian girl from Sydney, born to Polish immigrants, who died as a result of asphyxiation five days after being crushed in a mosh pit during the 2001 Big Day Out music festival during a performance by headlining act Limp Bizkit.