hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shudra
Shudra or Shoodra (Sanskrit: Śūdra) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. Some sources translate it into English as a caste, or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like workers.

According to Richard Gombrich's study of Buddhist texts, particularly relating to castes in Sri Lankan Buddhist and Tamil Hindu society,

The terms Vaisya and Sudra did not correspond to any clear-cut social units, even in the ancient period, but various groups were subsumed under each term [...]; In medieval times (say AD 500–1500) though society was still said to consist of the four classes, this classification seems to have become irrelevant[.]

The word Shudra appears in the Rigveda and it is found in other Hindu texts such as the Manusmriti, Arthashastra, dharmaśāstras and jyotiḥśāstras. In some cases, Shudras participated in the coronation of kings, or were amatya "ministers" and rajas "kings" according to early Indian texts.

Richard Gombrich
Richard Francis Gombrich (/ˈɡɒmbrɪtʃ/; born 17 July 1937) is a British Indologist and scholar of Sanskrit, Pāli, and Buddhist studies. He was the Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford from 1976 to 2004. He is currently Founder-President of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies. He is a past president of the Pali Text Society (1994–2002) and general editor emeritus of the Clay Sanskrit Library.
Cream tubes
Cream tubes (Bulgarian: фунийки с крем, Romanian: Rulouri, Turkish: Torpil tatlısı, Külah tatlısı, Russian: Трубочки с кремом, Polish: Rurki z kremem) is a buttery, flaky viennoiserie bread roll, filled with pastry cream. Rosemary is sometimes added to the cream to flavour it.

They can be made from layered yeast-leavened dough. The dough is layered with butter, rolled and folded several times in succession, then rolled into a sheet, in a technique called laminating. The process results in a layered, flaky texture, similar to a puff pastry.

One 17th century recipe involved baking the Cream Tubes as wafers and rolling them into shape once cooked.

In Poland, cream tubes are often sold through kiosks and small street food stalls.

Laminated dough
Laminated dough is a culinary preparation consisting of many thin layers of dough separated by butter or other solid fat, produced by repeated folding and rolling. Such doughs may contain more than eighty layers. During baking, water in the butter vaporizes and expands, causing the dough to puff up and separate, while the lipids in the butter essentially fry the dough, resulting in a light, flaky product.

Pastries using laminated doughs include:

Viennoiserie, used for croissant, from France

Danish pastry, a type of Viennoiserie, made with yeast-leavened dough, from Austria via Denmark

Flaky or Rough Puff pastry

Jachnun, a Yemenite Jewish pastry

Kouign-amann, a sweet Breton cake from north-western France

Kubaneh, a traditional Yemenite Jewish bread

Malawach, a Yemenite Jewish flatbread

Paratha, a flatbread native to South Asia

M'semen, a traditional flatbread of northern Africa

Puff pastry
George Uko
George Uko (born February 11, 1992) is an American former professional football defensive end. He earned a Super Bowl ring as a member of the Denver Broncos in their Super Bowl 50 win. He was also a member of the New Orleans Saints, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Denver Broncos, BC Lions, and Ottawa Redblacks.

Ottawa Redblacks
The Ottawa Redblacks (officially stylized as REDBLACKS) (French: Rouge et Noir d'Ottawa) are a professional Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Starting play in 2014, the Redblacks are the third CFL team to play in the city of Ottawa. The Ottawa Rough Riders, formed in 1876, were a founding member of the CFL in 1958 and played until 1996. A new Ottawa franchise was formed as the Renegades in 2002 and lasted until the end of the 2005 season. The Redblacks won the 2016 Grey Cup Championship, which ended a 40-year Grey Cup championship drought for the city of Ottawa.
Hindrek Pulk
Hindrek Pulk (born 7 November 1990) is a retired Estonian professional volleyball player. He was a member of the Estonian national team until 2021 and represented his country at the 2019 European Volleyball Championships.

He started his professional career in club Selver Tallinn.

2019 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2019 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 31st edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. For the first time the EuroVolley was held in four countries: France, Slovenia, Belgium and Netherlands. The tournament ran from 12 to 29 September 2019. The number of national teams participating in the event was also expanded from 16 to 24.

Serbia won the title over finalist Slovenia in the final held in Paris.
The Jugged Hare
The Jugged Hare is a public house and restaurant at 49 Chiswell Street, between the Barbican and Moorgate underground stations in the City of London.

The pub was opened on the site of an old Grade II listed brewery in 2012 by brothers Ed and Tom Martin, who also run The Gun in the Docklands and The Prince Arthur in London Fields, among other establishments. The decor includes oak flooring, red leather seating and a collection of stuffed and mounted animals.

Upon opening, it was reviewed favourably by restaurant critic Giles Coren of The Times, who called it "a very good addition to a good chain of pubs".

Barbican tube station
Barbican is a London Underground station situated near the Barbican Estate, on the edge of the ward of Farringdon Within, City of London. It has been known by various names since its opening in 1865, mostly in reference to the neighbouring ward of Aldersgate.

The station is on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, between Farringdon and Moorgate stations. It is in London fare zone 1. Platform 2, serving westbound trains, is connected by a single lift to Farringdon station on the Elizabeth line. Until 2009, Barbican was additionally served by Thameslink services to and from Moorgate.
Godzilla (Main Theme)
"Godzilla (Main Theme)" is a musical theme written by Akira Ifukube for the 1954 film Godzilla. Originally intended to be associated with the Japanese Self Defense Forces featured in the film, it became the thematic leitmotif for the monster character Godzilla and the entire franchise.
Despite the track being titled as "Main Title" on the Godzilla soundtrack, fans and Toho executives know the track as the Main Godzilla Theme or the Godzilla (Main Theme) song.
The theme first appeared on the original Godzilla film and in later sequels was replaced by a new theme titled the Godzilla March.
The Godzilla (Main Theme) was re-used for the first time in Terror of Mechagodzilla, the final Godzilla film featuring the Showa era's continuity within the franchise.

Motif (music)
In music, a motif (/moʊˈtiːf/ ⓘ) or motive is a short musical idea, salient recurring figure, musical fragment, or succession of notes that has some special importance in or is characteristic of a composition. The motif is the smallest structural unit possessing thematic identity.
Agbaou-Ahéoua
Agbaou-Ahéoua is a village in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Akoupé, Akoupé Department, La Mé Region, Lagunes District.

Agbaou-Ahéoua was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Akoupé Department
Akoupé Department is a department of La Mé Region in Lagunes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 156,698 and its seat is the settlement of Akoupé. The sub-prefectures of the department are Afféry, Akoupé, and Bécouéfin.
Harry L. Hayman
Harry Lewis Hayman, (1850-1927) was a British philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921.

Hayman was a specialist in Aerophilately, for which he won a medal at the 1923 London International Stamp Exhibition. He also collected to medal level Belgian Congo, China, Hungary, Liberia, Mauritius, and Spain. His general collection was sold for £4000 in 1898. Hayman was the joint founder of Aero Philatelic Society and President of the Hertfordshire Philatelic Society. He was awarded the Order of the Crown of Belgium in 1912.

London International Stamp Exhibition 1923
The London International Stamp Exhibition was held from 14-26 May 1923 in the Royal Horticultural Hall, London. It was organised by the Junior Philatelic Society (now the National Philatelic Society).

One of the key exhibits was the collection of Victoria Half-lengths formed by Charles Lathrop Pack along with his Diligencias. The roof of the hall was shaded to protect the numerous exhibits from the Sun and whitewash was used.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball
The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to basketball around the world, mirroring its impact across all sports. Around the world and to varying degrees, events and competitions were cancelled or postponed with limited or no spectators, and other restrictions in 2020 and 2021. The National Basketball Association (NBA) suspended its 2019–20 season due to one player testing positive from COVID-19, and began to resume the season later in 2020.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports
The COVID-19 pandemic caused the most significant disruption to the worldwide sporting calendar since World War II. Across the world and to varying degrees, sports events were cancelled or postponed. The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were rescheduled to 2021. Only a few countries and territories—such as Hong Kong, Turkmenistan, Belarus, and Nicaragua—continued professional sporting matches as planned.
2014 Texas House of Representatives election
The 2014 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 84th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms.

At the beginning of the Eighty-third Texas Legislature following the 2012 Texas State House of Representatives elections, the Democrats held 55 seats to the Republicans' 95.

This election marked the first time Republicans ever won a state house race in Chambers County.

83rd Texas Legislature
The 83rd Texas Legislature began on January 8, 2013. All members of the House and Senate were elected in the general election held on November 6, 2012, with seats apportioned among the 2010 United States census.
Tom Kristensson
Tom Krister Kristensson (born 30 April 1991) is a Swedish rally driver, who drives in the Junior World Rally Championship. He is originally from Lund, but now lives in Hörby.

In 2016 and 2017, Kristensson competed in the ADAC Opel Rallye Cup, finishing second in 2016 and winning 2017 championship.

In the 2019 season of JWRC, Tom finished second behind Jan Solans. The next season he went on to become the 2020 Junior World Rally champion.

In 2022, Tom transitioned to the ERC where in his first season he finished sixteenth. He continued to race in the ERC in 2023 however, after his retirement in Poland, he decided to drop out of the championship.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
Never Forget (Take That song)
"Never Forget" is a song recorded by English boy band Take That, included as the sixth track on their third studio album, Nobody Else (1995). Written by Gary Barlow and produced by Brothers in Rhythm and Dave James, it features Howard Donald on lead vocals.

A remixed version of the song produced by Jim Steinman was released as a single on 24 July 1995 by RCA and BMG and became the band's seventh number one on the UK Singles Chart, remaining at number one for three weeks. Robbie Williams left the band during the promotion of the song.

Mark Owen
Mark Anthony Owen (born 27 January 1972) is an English singer and songwriter best known for being a member of pop group and band Take That; as of 2024, the group have sold 14.4 million albums and 14.6 million singles in the UK. In Owen's solo career, he has released five studio albums: Green Man (1996), In Your Own Time (2003), How the Mighty Fall (2005), The Art of Doing Nothing (2013) and his most recent, Land of Dreams, which was released in September 2022 and debuted at number 5 on the UK Official Albums Chart.
Culture of Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton, Ontario's culture has built on its historical and social background. Some attractions include a museum of aircraft (Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum), HMCS Haida National Historic Site, historic naval ship; Canada's most famous warship and the last remaining Tribal Class in the world, a stately residence of a Prime Minister of Upper Canada (Dundurn Castle), a functioning nuclear reactor at McMaster University, a horticultural haven (Royal Botanical Gardens), the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, African Lion Safari and Christ the King Cathedral.

Dundurn Castle
Dundurn Castle is a historic neoclassical mansion on York Boulevard in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 1,700-square-metre (18,000 sq ft) house took three years and $175,000 to build and was completed in 1835.

The forty-room house featured the latest conveniences of the day, including gas lighting and running water.  It is currently owned by the City of Hamilton, which purchased it in 1899 or 1900 for $50,000. The city has spent nearly $3 million renovating the site to make it open to the public.  The rooms have been restored to the year 1855 when its owner Sir Allan Napier MacNab, 1st Baronet, was at the height of his career. Costumed interpreters guide visitors through the home, illustrating daily life from the 1850s. Camilla, Queen of Canada, a descendant of Sir Allan MacNab, is the Royal Patron of Dundurn Castle.
Nigga
Nigga (/ˈnɪɡə/ ⓘ), also known as "the N-word", is a colloquial term in African-American Vernacular English that is considered as vulgar in most contexts of its use. It began as a dialect form of the word nigger, an ethnic slur against black people. As a result of reappropriation, today the word is used mostly by African-Americans in a largely non-pejorative sense as a slang term referring to another person or to themselves, often in a neutral or friendly way. The word is commonly associated and prevalent with hip hop culture, especially that of gangsta rap, G-funk, and the broader West Coast hip hop. The word is more often applied to men, with more select terms being used for women in the culture.

In dialects of English that have non-rhotic speech (including standard British English), the hard-r nigger and nigga are usually pronounced the same.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Primate of Africa
The Primate of Africa is an honorific title in the Catholic Church, but in early Christianity was granted to the leading bishop (primas) in Africa. There were at times primates in Numidia and Byzacena, and Donatist claimants, but generally the role of the Bishop of Carthage was seen as preeminent. Similar titles were used by the Patriarchs of Alexandria.

Donatism
Donatism was a schism from the Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Carthage from the fourth to the sixth centuries. Donatists argued that Christian clergy must be faultless for their ministry to be effective and their prayers and sacraments to be valid. Donatism had its roots in the long-established Christian community of the Roman province Africa Proconsularis (present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the western coast of Libya) and Mauretania Tingitana (roughly with the northern part of present-day Morocco), in the persecutions of Christians under Diocletian. Named after the Berber Christian bishop Donatus Magnus, Donatism flourished during the fourth and fifth centuries. Donatism mainly spread among the indigenous Berber population, and Donatists were able to blend Christianity with many of the Berber local customs.
Native (band)
Native is a French R&B duo composed of two sisters, Laura Mayne (born 20 January 1968 in Villemomble, Seine-Saint-Denis) and Chris Mayne (born 12 January 1970 in Villemomble). They began their singing career as backup singers with Niagara and Gérald De Palmas. They achieved their first success in 1994 with their single "Si la vie demande ça", a top ten hit in France.

In 1994, they won a Victoires de la musique award for most promising group of the year. They featured on the track "Who the F*** Is This" on the Bubba Sparxxx & The Muddkatz album New South: The Album B4 the Album Mixtape (2003).

After the group split, in 2002 Laura Mayne released her first solo album under the name Native, entitled Laura Mayne-Kerbrat.

In 2003, Chris Mayne formed the band West Isle with Éric Daniel, former member of Sweetness group. They released the album Ailleurs in 2006.

Niagara (band)
Niagara was a French rock band that achieved popularity both in France and Canada in the 1980s and early 1990s. The band, who was known under the name L'Ombre jaune from 1982 to 1984, was formed in Rennes, France by vocalist Muriel Laporte (later known as Muriel Moreno) and keyboardist Daniel Chenevez. Early on, the band also included guitarist José Tamarin, although he left before the release of their first album.

Evolving from a new wave and synth-pop style on their earlier albums to a more rock-oriented style on their later ones, they were frequently compared to the British duo Eurythmics.
Harald Ganzinger
Harald Ganzinger (31 October 1950, Werneck – 3 June 2004, Saarbrücken) was a German computer scientist who together with Leo Bachmair developed the superposition calculus, which is (as of 2007) used in most of the state-of-the-art automated theorem provers for first-order logic.

He received his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich in 1978. Before 1991 he was a Professor of Computer Science at University of Dortmund. Then he joined the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science in Saarbrücken shortly after it was founded in 1991. Until 2004 he was the Director of the Programming Logics department of the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science and honorary professor at Saarland University. His research group created the SPASS automated theorem prover.

He received the Herbrand Award in 2004 (posthumous) for his important contributions to automated theorem proving.

Saarland University
Saarland University (German: Universität des Saarlandes, pronounced [univɛʁziˈtɛːt dɛs ˈzaːɐ̯landəs]) is a public research university located in Saarbrücken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science.  In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.

Thanks to bilingual German and French staff, the university has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as "European University" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its "crown and symbol" in 1951.

Ten academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.
Sweet Hostage
Sweet Hostage is a 1975 American made-for-television drama film based on the novel Welcome to Xanadu by Nathaniel Benchley. The film stars Linda Blair and Martin Sheen. It was filmed in Taos County, New Mexico. It was featured in ABC's Friday Night Movie series. Film and television critic Leonard Maltin rated the movie as "Average" in his biennial ratings guide TV Movies. In his capsule review, Maltin said "the performances by Sheen and Blair almost made this talky adaptation of the Nathaniel Benchley novel worthwhile". The film was only a moderate success in the Nielsen ratings, and failed to generate the type of provocative press which was then-standard for a Linda Blair movie.

Taos County, New Mexico
Taos County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,489. Its county seat is Taos. The county was formed in 1852 as one of the original nine counties in New Mexico Territory.

Taos County comprises the Taos, New Mexico Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Vigelsø
Vigelsø is a small, uninhabited island in Odense Fjord, off the coast of Funen, Denmark. With an area of 132 hectares (330 acres), it is the largest island in the fjord and an important breeding ground for waterfowl and rest stop for migratory birds. It is part of the Special Area of Conservation No. SPC 94, Odense Fjord under the EU Habitat and Birds Directives.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Ragged Staff Flank
Ragged Staff Flank is a masonry fortification on the South Front of Gibraltar's fortifications. It continues the line of the South Bastion's seaward face across the South Front ditch, then turns to form a flanking position facing south along the coastal fortifications leading to the New Mole. The Ragged Staff Gates were situated in the middle of the flank, leading to the Ordnance Wharf that was located where the Dockyard North Gate used to stand. A defended enclosure stood behind the gate, secured by the Ragged Staff Guardhouse. The flank position had three embrasures in its parapet but only mounted two 24-pdr guns in 1779, though these were replaced by 32-pdrs under the rearmament plan of 1859.

South Mole, Gibraltar Harbour
The South Mole is a breakwater located in the southern section of Gibraltar Harbour, in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Previously known as the New Mole and New Mole Extension, the South Mole, with the rest of harbour, is just north of the east entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar.