hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arc of Justice
Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age is a 2004 book by historian Kevin Boyle, published by Henry Holt. The book chronicles racism in Detroit during the 1920s Jazz Age through the lens of Ossian Sweet, an African American doctor who moves to Detroit during the great migration. While living in Detroit he eventually moves out of the ghetto and he and his wife move into an all-white middle-class neighborhood. When racist whites attack the Sweets' home, a white man is killed. Sweet and his family are persecuted by the legal system.

The book won the 2004 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for History.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Site Lange Max
Site Lange Max is a private domain, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the center of Koekelare, Belgium. The domain is located at 3 km (1.9 mi) from the Käthe Kollwitz Museum in Koekelare, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the Vladslo German war cemetery and 10 km (6.2 mi) from Diksmuide.

Vladslo German war cemetery
Vladslo German war cemetery is about three kilometres north east of Vladslo, near Diksmuide, Belgium. Established during World War I, the cemetery originally held 3,233 wartime burials. In 1956, burials from many smaller surrounding cemeteries were concentrated in Vladslo, and it now contains the remains of 25,644 soldiers. Each stone bears the name of twenty soldiers, with just their name, rank, and date of death specified.

The cemetery is administered by the German War Graves Commission (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge). They also look after the three other German war cemeteries in Belgium: Langemark, Menen and Hooglede.
2021 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Trieste – Doubles
Ariel Behar and Andrey Golubev were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Orlando Luz and Felipe Meligeni Alves won the title after defeating Antoine Hoang and Albano Olivetti 7–5, 6–7(6–8), [10–5] in the final.

Felipe Meligeni Alves
Felipe Meligeni Rodrigues Alves (born 19 February 1998) is a Brazilian professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 117 achieved on 21 April 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 75 achieved on 20 June 2022. He is currently the No. 5 Brazilian singles player.
Now On My Way to Meet You
Now On My Way to Meet You (Korean: 이제 만나러 갑니다; RR: Ije mannareo gamnida) is a South Korean variety show which has aired on Channel A since December 4, 2011. It is part talk show, part talent show, and part beauty pageant.

The show is broadcast on Sunday nights at 11:00 PM over cable television, and is shot in Goyang, a satellite city northwest of Seoul.

Goyang
Goyang (Korean: 고양; Korean pronunciation: [ko.jaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with a population of just over 1 million. Ilsan, a planned city, is located in the Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo Districts of Goyang. It also includes Deogyang District which is closer to Seoul.

Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang. These include Agricultural Cooperative College, Korea Aerospace University, and Transnational Law and Business University.
Nicholas Vreeland
Nicholas Vreeland, also known as Rato Khensur Thupten Lhundup, is a Tibetan Buddhist monk and the former abbot of Rato Dratsang, a 14th-century Tibetan Buddhist monastery reestablished in India. Vreeland is also a photographer. He is the son of Ambassador Frederick Vreeland and grandson of Diana Vreeland, former editor-in-chief of Vogue magazine and special consultant to The Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute, where she set the "standard for costume exhibitions globally."

Vreeland spends his time between India and the United States, where he is the Director of Kunkhyab Thardo Ling—The Tibet Center, New York City's oldest Tibetan Buddhist center. He is also the first Westerner His Holiness the Dalai Lama appointed Abbot of a Tibetan Buddhist monastery, one of the important Tibetan government monasteries under his authority.

Monk with a Camera, a documentary film about Vreeland, was released in 2014.

American University of Paris
The American University of Paris (AUP) is a private university in Paris, France. Founded in 1962, the university is one of the oldest American institutions of higher education in Europe, and the first to be established in France. The university campus consists of seven buildings, centrally located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, Les Invalides, and the Seine.

The university's language of instruction is English, although students must prove a level of proficiency in French prior to graduation. The university has over 1,200 students, representing over 100 nationalities, with an average student-to-faculty ratio of ten to one. The university's faculty members represent 30 nationalities, with 71% holding doctoral degrees and close to 70% speaking three or more languages.
Western District (General Junta of Asturias constituency)
Western District is one of the three constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias, the regional legislature of the Principality of Asturias. The constituency currently elects six deputies. It comprises the municipalities of Allande, Belmonte de Miranda, Boal, Candamo, Cangas del Narcea, Castropol, Coaña, Cudillero, Degaña, El Franco, Grado, Grandas de Salime, Ibias, Illano, Muros del Nalón, Navia, Pesoz, Pravia, Salas, San Martín de Oscos, Santa Eulalia de Oscos, San Tirso de Abres, Somiedo, Tapia de Casariego, Taramundi, Teverga, Tineo, Valdés, Vegadeo, Villanueva de Oscos, Villayón and Yernes y Tameza. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of 3%.

Tapia de Casariego
Tapia (Spanish: Tapia de Casariego) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by the Cantabrian Sea, on the east by El Franco, on the south and west by Castropol.  Tapia is also the name of one of the parishes inside the municipality.  Its capital is Tapia.  The capital is 127 km from Oviedo, 122 km from Gijón, and 97 km from Lugo.
Kiln Wood
Kiln Wood is a  6-hectare (15-acre) nature reserve south of Lenham in Kent. It is managed by Kent Wildlife Trust.

This wood is mainly oak, hornbeam and hazel, and it is managed by coppicing. A stream at the northern end has lady fern, herb paris and broad buckler-fern.

There is access from Headcorn Road.

Athyrium filix-femina
Athyrium filix-femina, the lady fern or common lady-fern, is a large, feathery species of fern native to temperate Asia, Europe, and North Africa. It is often abundant (one of the more common ferns) in damp, shady woodland environments and is often grown for decoration.

Its common names "lady fern" and "female fern" refer to how its reproductive structures (sori) are concealed in an inconspicuous – deemed "female" – manner on the frond. Alternatively, it is said to be feminine because of its elegant and graceful appearance.
Invention of the telephone
The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many different people, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the conflicting patent claims made by several individuals and numerous companies. Notable people included in this process were Antonio Meucci, Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell.

Paris, Ontario
Paris (2021 population, 14,956) is a community located in the County of Brant, Ontario, Canada. It lies just northwest from the city of Brantford at the spot where the Nith River empties into the Grand River. Paris was voted "the Prettiest Little Town in Canada" by Harrowsmith Magazine. The town was established in 1850. In 1999, its town government was amalgamated into that of the County of Brant, ending 149 years as a separate incorporated municipality, with Paris as the largest population centre in the county.
Certain (horse)
Certain (foaled 1996 in Florida) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. His sire was Out of Place and his grandsire was Cox's Ridge. Conditioned for racing by two trainers, Leo Azpurua Jr and Terry J. Brennan, Certain had three wins and two second places in five starts at age two. His best winning performance was in the grade three What a Pleasure Stakes. His three-year-old debut was an allowance win over The Groom is Red and Cryptodiplomacy, both owned by basketball coach Rick Pitino. Certain's next race was the Fountain of Youth Stakes where he finished third by one length behind winner Vicar and second Cat Thief. His next race was in the Florida Derby where he finished fourth.

What a Pleasure Stakes
The What a Pleasure Stakes is an American flat Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds held annually at Calder Race Course in Miami Gardens, Florida. It is currently an ungraded stakes race run over a distance of 8.5 furlongs on dirt.

The race has traditionally been held during the Tropical at Calder meet, from late October through early January.  This meet normally has some of the strongest stakes programs of Calder's eight-month season.  Due to permit disputes with Hialeah Park Race Track, the race was pushed back in 1987 and 1991 into the following year.  Both of those races were subsequently run for three-year-olds and were won by Zie World (1988) and Sir Pinder (1992).

The race has served as a springboard for Kentucky Derby winner Unbridled as well as such graded-stakes winners as Suave Prospect, Alydeed, Primal, Creme Fraiche, Certain and Morning Bob.
Kushneria aurantia
Kushneria aurantia is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus Kushneria which has been isolated from the surface of leaves from the mangrove Avicennia germinans.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Historical Archives of Valjevo
The Historical Archives of Valjevo (Serbian: Историјски архив Ваљево) are the primary institution responsible for preservation of archival materials in the Kolubara District located in Valjevo, Serbia. The archive are primarily serving municipalities of Valjevo, Ub, Osečina, Mionica, Lajkovac, and Ljig. The archival centre in the city of Valjevo was established in 1948 as one of six new centres of that kind in Serbia at the time. The building housing the archives was completed in 1907 and at the time it served as one of the buildings of the local hospital.

Lajkovac
Lajkovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Лајковац) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. As of 2022, it has population of 3,211 inhabitants, while the municipality has 13,825 inhabitants.

It is located in the valley of river Kolubara and near the Ibar highway.
Nédia Semedo
Nédia Semedo (born 14 November 1978 in Faro, in the Algarve region) is a retired Portuguese athlete who competed in the middle-distance events. She represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics narrowly missing the semifinals. Her biggest successes are the silver medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade and the sixth place at the 2002 European Championships.

2001 Summer Universiade
The 2001 Summer Universiade, also known as the XXI Summer Universiade, was an international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, between 22 August and 1 September. Beijing also hosted the 1990 Asian Games. A total of 6,757 athletes from 165 nations took part in 12 sports. The hosts, China, topped the medal table for the first time, with a total of 103 medals and 54 gold medals (more than twice the number of gold- medals won by the United States, in second place).

The event was also considered a rehearsal for the 2008 Beijing Olympics due to the announcement that Beijing would host the 2008 Olympic Games, which was made one month before the Opening Ceremony of the Universiade.
Federal Correctional Institution, Fairton
The Federal Correctional Institution, Fairton (FCI Fairton) is a medium-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility also has an adjacent satellite prison camp housing minimum-security male offenders and a completely separate medium-security unit that houses inmates admitted into the federal Witness Security Program.

FCI Fairton is located 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Philadelphia and 40 miles (64 km) west of Atlantic City.

Federal prison
A federal prison is operated under the jurisdiction of a federal government as opposed to a state or provincial body. Federal prisons are used for people who violated federal law (U.S., Mexico), people considered dangerous (Brazil), or those sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment (Canada). Not all federated countries have a legal concept of "federal prison".
Raymundo Riva Palacio
Raymundo Riva Palacio Neri (born 1954) is a Mexican journalist and television presenter.

Riva Palacio was born in Mexico City in 1954
into a prominent political family that included the 19th-century figures Mariano and Vicente Riva Palacio. His father was Emilio Riva Palacio Morales, who served as governor of Morelos from 1964 to 1970.

He studied journalism at the Carlos Septién García School of Journalism (EPCSG) in Mexico City.
In 1985 and 2007 he was awarded Mexico's National Journalism Prize.

Mariano Riva Palacio
Mariano Riva Palacio Díaz (4 November 1803 – 20 February 1880) was a Mexican politician and lawyer during most of the 19th century.

He was born in Mexico City to Esteban de la Riva Palacio and María Dolores Díaz and married Dolores Guerrero Hernández, daughter of Gen. Vicente Guerrero, one of the most prominent leaders of the Mexican War of Independence. With Dolores he had 6 children, including the politician and writer Vicente Riva Palacio and daughter María Rosa Riva Palacio, who went on to marry the general and politician, Ignacio Zaragoza. Mariano served as a city councilor for Mexico City (1829), federal congressman (1833), minister of justice (1851), minister of finance (June–August 1848)  and was elected thrice governor of the State of Mexico (1849, 1857, 1871).

He was also the lawyer appointed to defend the deposed Emperor Maximilian.
Maize lethal necrosis disease
Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN disease, MLND, corn lethal necrosis) is a viral disease affecting maize (corn) predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. It is caused by simultaneous infection with two viruses, MCMoV and any of several Potyviridae.

CAB International
CABI (legally CAB International, formerly Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux) is a nonprofit intergovernmental development and information organisation focusing primarily on agricultural and environmental issues in the developing world, and the creation, curation, and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration
Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration and Registration of Persons Tribunal was a 2001 case in the Court of Final Appeal, Hong Kong, by a Pakistani migrant seeking the right of abode in Hong Kong. The case concerned provisions of the Immigration Ordinance requiring that a non-Chinese national's seven years of "ordinary residence" qualifying him to apply for permanent residence immediately precede his application. The unanimous opinion, written by Justice Kemal Bokhary (himself of Pakistani background), ruled that those provisions were not inconsistent with the Hong Kong Basic Law. The ruling in the case temporarily disqualified the appellant from applying for permanent residency, though he was expected to qualify again a few years later.

Kemal Bokhary
Syed Kemal Shah Bokhary GBM JP (Chinese: 包致金; Cantonese Yale: Bāau Jigām; born 25 October 1947) is a judge in Hong Kong.  He was one of three Permanent Judges of Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal from its inception in 1997 until he reached the mandatory retirement age of 65 in October 2012; afterwards, he remained on the bench as a non-permanent judge.
Small capital I
Small capital I is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet similar in its dimensions to the Latin letter "I" but with a shape based on ⟨I⟩, its capital form. Although ⟨ɪ⟩ is usually an allograph of the Latin letter I i, it is considered as an additional letter in the African reference alphabet and has been used as such in some publications in the Kulango languages in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the lowercase small capital I /ɪ/ is used as the symbol for the near-close near-front unrounded vowel, like the letter i in the word "fit".

Allograph
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol.
Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line
The Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line is a 600-kilometre (373 mi) high-speed rail connection between Tashkent and Bukhara, two major cities in Uzbekistan. The route passes through six regions: Tashkent, Sirdaryo, Jizzakh, Samarqand, Navoiy, and Bukhara in Uzbekistan. Trains operate daily under the brand name Afrosiyob (named after Afrasiyab). The line originally ran from Tashkent to Samarqand, but an extension to Bukhara went into operation on 25 August 2016. Travel from Tashkent to Bukhara, a distance of 600 km (373 mi), now takes 3 hours and 20 minutes instead of 7 hours.

Jizzakh Region
Jizzakh Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan. It is located in the center/east of the country. It borders Tajikistan to the south and south-east, Samarqand Region to the west, Navoiy Region to the north-west, Kazakhstan to the north, and Sirdaryo Region to the east. It covers an area of 21,210 km2. The population is 1,443,408 (2024 estimate) with 53% living in rural areas.

The regional capital is Jizzakh (pop. 212,689, 2024). Other major towns include Doʻstlik, Gagarin, Gʻallaorol, Paxtakor, and Dashtobod. Jizzakh Region was formerly a part of Sirdaryo Region but was given separate status in 1973.
Tevul Yom
Tevul Yom is a tractate in the Mishnah and Tosefta; in most editions of the Mishnah, it is tenth in the order Tohorot.

According to Leviticus 15:5 et seq., one who takes the prescribed ritual immersion remains impure until sunset. The degree of impurity in such a case is slight, and according to rabbinical interpretation, such a person renders neither the dough offering nor sanctified flesh is unclean, even before sunset; it is merely rendered unfit (pasul). He may touch profane or unsanctified things without consequence. This tractate precisely defines the degree of impurity attaching to such a person, and stipulates how far the purity of anything is affected by his touch.

Dough offering
In Judaism, the dough offering (or separation of challah, Hebrew: הפרשת חלה) is a positive commandment requiring the owner of bread dough to give a part of the kneaded dough to a kohen (Jewish priest). The obligation to separate the dough offering (henceforth: challah) from the dough begins the moment the dough is kneaded, but may also be separated after the loaves are baked. This commandment is one of the twenty-four priestly gifts. By biblical law the commandment is only obligatory in the Land of Israel, but rabbinic law applies it also to bread made outside the Land of Israel.

The common modern practice in Orthodox Judaism is to burn (although simply throwing away the dough in a double-wrapped container is allowed) the portion to be given the Kohen, although giving the challah to a Kohen for consumption is permitted—even encouraged—outside Israel (permitted with restrictions, see article below for detail).
Tailslide
The tailslide is an aerobatic maneuver that starts from level flight with a 1⁄4 loop up into a straight vertical climb (at full power) until the aircraft loses momentum. When the aircraft's speed reaches zero and it stops climbing, the pilot maintains the aircraft in a stand-still position as long as possible (this is greatly helped by thrust vectoring on newer fighter aircraft), and as it starts to fall to the ground backward, tail first, the nose drops through the horizon to a vertical down position and the aircraft enters a dive. A 1⁄4 loop (push or pull) recovers to level flight.

Tailslides will transiently reverse the airflow on many aircraft surfaces, giving abnormal forces compared with forward flight. The control surface linkages must be able to handle these forces without damage or deformation. Not all airplanes capable of aerobatics are also capable of tailslide maneuvers.

Descent (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a descent is any time period during air travel where an aircraft decreases altitude, and is the opposite of an ascent or climb.

Descents are part of normal procedures, but also occur during emergencies, such as rapid or explosive decompression, forcing an emergency descent to below 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and preferably below 2,400 m (8,000 ft), respectively the maximum temporary safe altitude for an unpressurized aircraft and the maximum safe altitude for extended duration.

An example of explosive decompression is Aloha Airlines Flight 243. Involuntary descent might occur from a decrease in power, decreased lift (wing icing), an increase in drag, or flying in an air mass moving downward, such as a terrain induced downdraft, near a thunderstorm, in a downburst, or microburst.