hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Junior Classical League
The National Junior Classical League (National JCL or NJCL) is a youth organization of secondary school students sponsored and organized by the American Classical League (ACL). Founded in 1936, the NJCL comprises more than 1,000 Latin, Greek and Classical chapters in the United States, Canada, South Korea and the United Kingdom, and with over 45,000 members, is the largest Classical organization in the world today. Its mission is "to encourage an interest in and an appreciation of the language, literature and culture of ancient Greece and Rome and to impart an understanding of the debt of our own culture to that of classical antiquity."

NJCL official colors are Roman purple and gold. It sponsors a Latin Honor Society and Greek Honor Society for high school students.

Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (Ancient Greek: πορφύρα porphúra; Latin: purpura), also known as royal purple, imperial purple, imperial dye, or simply tyrian, is a reddish-purple natural dye. The name Tyrian refers to the city of Tyre in ancient Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). It is secreted by several species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, rock snails originally known by the name Murex (Bolinus brandaris, Hexaplex trunculus and Stramonita haemastoma). In ancient times, extracting this dye involved tens of thousands of snails and substantial labour, and as a result, the dye was highly valued. The coloured compound is 6,6'-dibromoindigo.
Leonard Fosbrook
Leonard Fosbrook (flourished 1803–1814) was an early settler in Tasmania, Australia.

Fosbrook was a deputy-commissary to David Collins' expedition to settle in Port Phillip, in what is now Victoria, Australia in 1803.

The settlement relocated to Hobart, Tasmania in early 1804.  Fosbrook continued to serve as deputy-commissary until resigning in 1809.  He was reinstated in 1810.   In February 1814 he was found guilty of gross and criminal neglect of duty and fraudulent conduct, and dismissed from his post.  He returned to England later in that year in the whaler Seringapatam, which was returning to England after her capture and recovery during the War of 1812.

Seringapatam (1799 ship)
Seringapatam was built in 1799, of teak, as a warship for Tippu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore. However, the British stormed his citadel at Seringapatam that year and he was killed in the action. The vessel was sailed to England in the hopes that the Admiralty would buy it. The Admiralty did not, and British merchants bought her to use as a whaler. She made six voyages to the Southern Atlantic and the Pacific until 1813, on her sixth voyage, when during the War of 1812, a US frigate captured her. She served briefly as a tender to the frigate before mutineers and British prisoners recaptured her and sailed to Australia. After her return to her owners, she returned to whaling until 1846, making another nine voyages. She then sailed between London and New South Wales until 1850. In the 1850s and 1860s she sailed to Aden and Hamburg, ending her years trading between Shields and Quebec. She is no longer listed in 1870.
Flavoparmelia soredians
Flavoparmelia soredians is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae.

In the late 1990s, an increase in the frequency of Flavoparmelia soredians was noted in the Netherlands, which, until then, occurred rarely in the country. This population increase followed a decrease in the levels of the pollutant sulphur dioxide. Punctelia borreri and Flavoparmelia caperata were two other foliose species that experienced a similar increase in regional frequency during this time.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Socotra golden-winged grosbeak
The Socotra golden-winged grosbeak or Socotra grosbeak (Rhynchostruthus socotranus) is a finch endemic to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Yemen. R. socotranus is by some authorities held to be the only species of the then-monotypic genus Rhynchostruthus, including all other golden-winged grosbeaks therein as subspecies. But in recent times the three populations are usually considered a distinct species, with R. socotranus being limited to the Socotra population, the Arabian golden-winged grosbeak becoming R. percivali, and the Somali golden-winged grosbeak R. louisae.

Socotra
Socotra, locally known as Saqatri, is a Yemeni island in the Indian Ocean. It is situated between the Gulf of Aden, the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea, and lies near major shipping routes. The largest of the six islands in the Socotra archipelago, it comprises around 95% of the landmass of the archipelago. It lies 380 kilometres (205 nautical miles) south of the Arabian Peninsula and 232 km (125 nmi) east of the Horn of Africa. The inhabitants of the island are called Socotrans, and they speak Arabic and Soqotri.

Socotra is home to a high number of unique species that are endemic. Up to a third of its plant life is unique. Due to the island's unusual geography, it has been described as "the most alien-looking place on Earth". The island measures 132 km (82 mi) in length and 42 km (26 mi) across at its widest. In 2008, Socotra was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Glandulocauda
Glandulocauda is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stevardiidae. The fishes in this genus are endemic to Brazil, restricted to the upper Paraná basin and coastal river basins in São Paulo state. The genus it is closely related to Lophiobrycon and Mimagoniates, and they form the tribe Glandulocaudini.

Stevardiidae
Stevardiidae is a large family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes. It includes many genera previously placed in the family Characidae, which was split into multiple families in 2024. They are found throughout South and Central America. In earlier taxonomic treatments, most genera in this family were placed in the characid subfamily Glandulocaudinae, which has been redefined as a much smaller subfamily of the Stevardiidae.

As suggested by their former taxonomic name, a gland on their caudal fin is found almost exclusively in the males of many species of this family, which allows the release and pumping of pheromones. Members of this subfamily have complex courtship behaviors which lead to insemination. The ecology and life history of these fish is complex yet little studied. Stevardiids are important components of the diet for commercially-harvested larger fish.
William Carr Smith
William Carr Smith (1857–1930) was a Church of England priest, best known as the rector of St James' Church, Sydney from 1896 to 1910, whose Anglo-Catholic and Christian socialist ideals transformed Sydney's oldest church.  Carr Smith's teaching was said to be "continuous, methodical, very direct, very plain, and quite fearless".

Community of the Sisters of the Church
The Community of the Sisters of the Church is a religious order of women in various Anglican provinces who live the vowed life of poverty, chastity and obedience. In 2012 the order had 105 sisters living in community, together with an extensive network of associates.
.476 Enfield
The .476 Enfield, also known as the .476 Eley, .476 Revolver, and occasionally .455/476, is a British centrefire black powder revolver cartridge. The Enfield name derives from the location of the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield Lock, the armoury where British military small arms were produced, while Eley was a British commercial brand. Used in the Enfield Mk II revolver, the Mk III variant was introduced by the British Army in 1881, supplanting the earlier .476 Enfield Mark I and II cartridges, which in turn had replaced the .450 Adams cartridges, all of which also used black powder propellant.

Enfield Lock
Enfield Lock is an area in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is approximately located east of the Hertford Road between Turkey Street and the Holmesdale Tunnel overpass, and extends to the River Lee Navigation, including Enfield Island Village. The locality gains its name from the lock on the River Lee Navigation. Today's Enfield Lock was rebuilt in 1922. The area forms part of the Lee Valley Park and the Enfield Lock Conservation Area. On its eastern boundary Enfield Lock has marshland formerly used as a testing site between the Royal Small Arms Factory and the Gunpowder Mills. Beyond this is the hamlet of Sewardstone and the boundary of Epping Forest. To the south is Brimsdown; to the north Waltham Cross; and to the west Bullsmoor and Freezywater. Enfield Lock forms part of the boundary of Greater London.
St Johnston Cricket Club
St Johnston Cricket Club is a cricket club in St Johnston in the east of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. The club plays in the North West Championship.

Founded in 1898, the club was the first team in the north-west of Ireland to win the Irish Senior Cup, in 1987.

Provinces of Ireland
There are four provinces of Ireland: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The Irish word for this territorial division, cúige, meaning "fifth part", suggests that there were once five, and at times Meath has been considered to be the fifth province. In the medieval period, however, there were often more than five. The number of provinces and their delineation fluctuated until 1610, when they were permanently set by the administration of James I. The provinces of Ireland no longer serve administrative or political purposes but function as historical and cultural entities.
Cain (given name)
Cain is a masculine given name. It is borne by:

Cain, the son of Adam and Eve in the Bible

Cain Ackland (born 1982), former Australian rules footballer

Cain Attard (born 1994), Maltese footballer

Cain Cressall, Australian singer and vocal coach

Cain Culto, American singer and violinist

Cain Dotson (born 1971), Swedish former footballer

Cain Fara (born 1994), Argentine footballer

Cain Hope Felder (1943–2019), American biblical scholar and professor

Cain Liddle (born 1975), former Australian rules footballer

Cain Madden (born 1996), American football player

Cain Mathema (born 1947), Zimbabwean politician and writer

Cain Robb (born 2003), English rugby league footballer

Cain Sandoval (born 2002), American boxer

Cain Sartain (1843–1902), American planter, justice of the peace, sheriff, and state legislator

Cain Seedorf (born 2000), Dutch footballer

Cain Velasquez (born 1982), Mexican-American mixed martial arts fighter and 2010 UFC heavyweight champion

The Amenta
The Amenta are an Australian extreme metal band formed in 1997 as Crucible of Agony. By 2002 the line-up was Cesium 137 (aka Mark Bevan) on lead vocals, Diazanon (Dave Haley) on drums, Ethion (Erik Miehs) on guitar, Endrin (Nathan Jenkins) on bass guitar and Chlordane (Timothy Pope) on keyboards. In 2009 the line-up had Miehs and Pope joined by Cain Cressall on vocals, Dan Quinlan on bass guitar and Robin Stone on drums. The group has issued three studio albums, Occasus (2004), n0n (2008), and Flesh Is Heir (2013). The group went on an indefinite hiatus in 2013, but reunited in 2020.
Powell's Books
Powell's Books is a chain of bookstores, based in Portland, Oregon. Their flagship store, dubbed Powell's City of Books, claims to be the largest independent new and used bookstore in the world.

In addition to Powell's City of Books, Powell's operates three other Portland area stores, as well as a satellite store in the town of Condon.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, K. 521
The Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, K. 521, is a piano sonata in three movements composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1787. It was his last complete piano duet sonata for one piano, four hands. This sonata consists of three movements: Allegro, Andante and Allegretto.

The autograph manuscript of the sonata is preserved in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

Piano four hands
Piano four hands (French: À quatre mains, German: Zu vier Händen, Vierhändig, Italian: a quattro mani) is a type of piano duet in which the two players play a piece arranged for four hands on the same piano simultaneously.  A duet with the two players playing separate pianos is generally referred to simply as a piano duet or piano duo.

Music written for piano four hands is usually printed so that left-hand pages contain only the part for the pianist sitting on the left, while right-hand pages contain only the part for the pianist sitting on the right. The upper part (right) is called primo while the lower part (left) is called secondo.
Michael Elwyn
Michael Elwyn (born 23 August 1942) is a Welsh actor, notable for his work in film (Shadow Man), stage (The Audience, as Anthony Eden) and television (Stella).

Elwyn was born in Pontypridd. He is the partner of actress Alison Steadman, and is best known for his role as Sir Edward in the BBC series of Robin Hood. In 2020 Elwyn joined the cast of Coronation Street playing 'Charles Moore' Resident Chair of 'Stillwaters'.

Robin Hood (2006 TV series)
Robin Hood is a British television programme, produced by independent production company Tiger Aspect Productions for BBC One, with co-funding from the BBC America cable television channel in the United States. Based on the traditional stories of legendary English folk hero Robin Hood, the programme started on 7 October 2006. Series two commenced broadcasting on 6 October 2007 with the final two episodes on 29 December 2007. Series three began airing on 28 March 2009 for a thirteen-episode run. The series was cancelled by the BBC after series three following the departure of multiple actors, including lead Jonas Armstrong.
Cinquemiglia
Cinquemiglia is a frazione of the comune of Città di Castello in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 278 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 434 inhabitants.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
History of Baku
Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan. It was also the capital of Shirvan (during the reigns of Akhsitan I and Khalilullah I), the Baku Khanate, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijan SSR and the administrative center of Russian Baku governorate.
Baku is derived from the old Persian Bagavan, which translates to "City of God". A folk etymology explains the name Baku as derived from the Persian Bādkube (بادکوبه ), meaning "city where the wind blows", due to frequent winds blowing in Baku. However, the word Bādkube was invented only in the 16th or 17th century, whereas Baku was founded at least before the 5th century AD.

Nardaran
40°33′22″N 50°00′20″E﻿ / ﻿40.55611°N 50.00556°E﻿ / 40.55611; 50.00556

Nardaran is a settlement and municipality on the Abşeron Peninsula in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 8,300. Located 25 kilometers northeast of central Baku, it is politically part of the Baku city-subdivision and treated as a suburb. Unlike most of the rest of the country, which is religiously liberal, Nardaran is a center of conservative Shi'a Islam and pro-Iranian sentiment in Azerbaijan.

Nardaran's name comes from Persian: nar (pomegranate)نار + daran (trees) داران, i.e. "place with pomegranate trees".

The town is the site of a 14th-century castle, featuring a round tower approximately 12.5 meters high. During Soviet rule, the town was known as a center for growing flowers.  Since Azerbaijan's independence, the economy has dwindled and the town is reputed for its caviar poachers.
Gonbar
Gonbar (Persian: گنبر) is a village in Gonbar Rural District of the Central District in Osku County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

Gonbar is famous for its mild summer climate. It attracts numerous tourists from nearby cities, particularly from Tabriz. The main occupation of the people is agriculture and gardening. Walnuts are a major product.

Osku County
Osku County (Persian: شهرستان اسکو) is in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Osku.

Osku is one of the oldest cities in East Azerbaijan, according to old books, and is like stepping into a time machine. The city is located on a volcano hillside and has many caves in the city.  Attractions such as Kandovan and natural landscapes make Osku one of the touristic cities in Iran. It is one of the few cities in Iran where batik printing centers still remain in operation. Osku is presently known as the capital of batik in Iran. Hilleh Historical Village is another historical village near to the city, currently abandoned.
David L. and Sallie Ann Stoutimore House
David L. and Sallie Ann Stoutimore House, also known as the Jenkins House, is a historic home located at Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri. It was built in 1892, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, L-shaped, Second Empire style frame dwelling on a brick basement.  It has a mansard roof and 2+1⁄2-story tower nook that projects above the roof.  It features wood quoins, bracketed cornices, and a highly ornamented wraparound porch.: 6  Not to be confused with the Sallie House situated in Atchison, Kansas

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
Pavla Kalná
Pavla Kalná (née Habartová) (born 14 November 1982 in Planá) is a Czech sport shooter. She won two silver medals for the air rifle (AR40) at the ISSF World Cup series (2005 in Munich, Germany, and 2006 in Resende, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Kalna represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's 10 m air rifle, along with her teammate Kateřina Emmons, who later dominated this event by winning the gold medal. She finished only in thirty-first place by three points ahead of Uzbekistan's Elena Kuznetsova from the final attempt, for a total score of 392 targets.

Planá (Tachov District)
Planá (also known as Planá u Mariánských Lázní; Czech pronunciation: [ˈplanaː]; German: Plan) is a town in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,500 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
1990 Torneo Internazionale Città di Firenze – Doubles
Mike De Palmer and Blaine Willenborg were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Sergi Bruguera and Horacio de la Peña won the title by defeating Luiz Mattar and Diego Pérez 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Blaine Willenborg
Blaine Willenborg (born January 4, 1960) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Willenborg enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 7 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 9 times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 13 in 1988.  His career high singles ranking was world No. 50, which he reached on September 9, 1984.
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli (Persian: عبدالرضا رحمانی فضلی; born 1959) is an Iranian conservative politician who has served as the ambassador of Iran to China in the Government of Masoud Pezeshkian since 21 May 2025. He was also Minister of Interior in Hassan Rouhani's government and the president of  the Supreme Audit Court from 2008 to 2013.

First government of Hassan Rouhani
The President of Iran is the second formal position after the Supreme leader. The president has the authority to introduce members of his cabinet to the Iranian Parliament for confirmation under the Constitution of Iran.

Rouhani is the seventh president of Iran which governed within the eleventh government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Caecilius fuscopterus
Caecilius fuscopterus is a species of Psocoptera from the family Caeciliusidae that can be found in Great Britain and Ireland. It also common in countries like Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg. The species are blackish-orange coloured and are similar to Elipsocus abdominalis

Psocoptera
Psocoptera (/soʊˈkɒptərə/) are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea (as part of the suborder Troctomorpha).

They are often regarded as the most primitive of the paraneopterans. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders. Many of these species have only been described in the early twenty-first century. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (1/32–13/32 in) in length.

The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen.