hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Welborn C. Wood
USS Welborn C. Wood (DD-195) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She served with the United States Coast Guard as USCGD Wood. She was later transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Chesterfield.

Rum Patrol
The Rum Patrol was an operation of the United States Coast Guard to interdict liquor smuggling vessels, known as "rum runners" in order to enforce prohibition in American waters. On 18 December 1917, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution was submitted to the states by Congress. On 16 January 1919, the amendment was ratified and the Liquor Prohibition Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, or exportation of intoxicating liquors, came into effect on 16 January 1920.
Mabrya acerifolia
Mabrya acerifolia, or brittlestem, is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial native to south-central Arizona. It has pale yellow tubular flowers. It was first described by Francis W. Pennell in 1924 in the genus Maurandya and transferred to Mabrya by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985. The epithet acerifolia refers to the somewhat maple-like shape of its leaves.

Francis W. Pennell
Francis Whittier Pennell (4 August 1886 – 3 February 1952) was an American botanist best known for his studies of the Scrophulariaceae. Employed by the New York Botanical Garden and then by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, he carried out botanical research in both North America and South America.
Euthenics
Euthenics (/juːˈθɛnɪks/) is the study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by the improvement of living conditions. "Improvement" is conducted by altering external factors such as education and the controllable environments, including environmentalism, education regarding employment, home economics, sanitation, and housing, as well as the prevention and removal of contagious disease and parasites.

In a New York Times article dated May 23, 1926, Rose Field notes of the description, "the simplest [is] efficient living". It is also described as "a right to environment", commonly as dual to a "right of birth" that correspondingly falls under the purview of eugenics.

Euthenics is normally not interpreted as having anything to do with changing the composition of the human gene pool by definition, although everything that affects society has some effect on who reproduces and who does not.

Contagious disease
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact.

These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many types of organisms live on the human body and they can sometimes cause disease.

Some common infectious diseases are influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Human papillomavirus infection, Polio, and Zika virus.

A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.
Amos Randall Johnston
Amos Randall Johnston (c. 1812 – 1879) was a judge and state senator in Mississippi.

A speech he gave in 1869 was published. He co-authored The Revised Code of the Statute Laws of the State of Mississippi (1871).

He was born in Columbia, Tennessee. He moved to Jackson, Mississippi where he served as editor of a Whig newspaper and was elected circuit clerk in Hinds County. He studied law and moved to Raymond, Mississippi where he was a probate judge.

He was a Whig. His son Frank Johnston was a Mississippi Assistant Attorney General.

Columbia, Tennessee
Columbia is a city in and the county seat of Maury County, Tennessee. The population was 48,885 as of the City of Columbia's 2024 Special Census conducted by the US Census Bureau. Columbia is included in the Nashville metropolitan area.

The self-proclaimed "mule capital of the world," Columbia celebrates the city-designated Mule Day each April. Columbia and Maury County are acknowledged as the "Antebellum Homes Capital of Tennessee"; the county has more antebellum houses than any other county in the state. The city is home to one of the last two surviving residences of James Knox Polk, the 11th President of the United States; the other is the White House.
2017 Southern Kings season
In 2017, the Southern Kings participated in the 2017 Super Rugby competition, their third appearance in the competition after also playing in 2013 and 2016. They were included in the Africa 2 Conference of the competition, along with Jaguares, Lions and Sharks.

In April 2017, SANZAAR announced that three clubs would be cut from Super Rugby for the 2018 Super Rugby season, with two of those teams coming from South Africa. A newly-established SARU Franchise Committee was tasked with determining the two teams to drop out of Super Rugby, and on 7 July 2017, it was confirmed that the Cheetahs and Kings would not participate in the competition going forward, but would "explore alternative playing opportunities in other international competitions". On 1 August 2017, the European-based Pro12 announced that the competition would expand to 14 teams — being rebranded the Pro14 — and that the Cheetahs and Kings would be the teams joining the expanded tournament from the 2017–18 season onwards.

2017–18 Pro14
The 2017–18 PRO14 (also known as the Guinness PRO14 for sponsorship reasons) was the seventeenth season of the professional rugby union competition originally known as the Celtic League. It is the first season to be referred to as the Guinness PRO14 Championship, with the addition of two South African teams.

Fourteen teams competed in this season — four Irish teams: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster; two Italian teams: Benetton and Zebre; two Scottish teams: Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors; two South African teams: Cheetahs and the Southern Kings; and four Welsh teams: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets.

Scarlets came into the new season as defending champions, and for the second season reached the PRO14 final. Leinster, however, won the final at the Aviva Stadium to take their fifth title in the competition's various iterations, and seal a domestic league and European Cup double, only the sixth team to do so, and the first from the PRO14 Championship.
Głamsławki
Głamsławki is an abandoned village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, in Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

From 1945 to 1958 Głamsławki was administratively located in the Iławka County in the Masurian District and Olsztyn Voivodeship.

Iławka County
Iławka County (Polish: powiat iławecki) was a unit of territorial administration (powiat) in Poland, that existed from 1945 to 1958. It was initially part of the Masurian District from 1945 to 1946, and then the Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1958. The capitals were Iławka (in 1945) and then Górowo Iławeckie.

The county was named after its county seat Iławka. In December 1945, Polish officials were expelled from Iławka and the town was unilaterally annexed by the Soviet Union and then renamed to Bagrationovsk, with the new Polish-Soviet border set just at the southern outskirts of the town. The county seat was then moved to Górowo Iławeckie, however it retained the name of Iławka County until 1958. On 1 January 1959, it was renamed to Górowo County.
Chattahoochee Valley Libraries
The Chattahoochee Valley Libraries (CVL) are a consortium of public libraries serving the Greater Columbus area of Georgia, United States. The library system consists of seven branches over four counties, Muscogee, Chattahoochee, Marion, and Stewart, Georgia. The headquarters of the library system is the Columbus Public Library located in the county seat, Columbus.

The Chattahoochee Valley Libraries run their own interlibrary loan system throughout the four counties. Residents of any county covered in the system may apply for a card granting them access to the circulation's 412,000 book collection.

Interlibrary loan
Interlibrary loan (abbreviated ILL, sometimes called document delivery, document supply, inter-lending, inter-library services, inter-loan, or resource sharing) is a service that enables patrons of one library to borrow materials that are held by another library.
M. N. Appu
MN Appu was a film editor who was active in Malayalam cinema between 1974 and 1990. In a career spanning nearly two decades, he edited more than 25 feature films in Malayalam. He worked predominantly with director KG George, having edited 12 of his movies. He also collaborated with Ramu Kariat, Hariharan, KP Kumaran, Sathyan Anthikkad, and KP Pillai.

He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor twice: for Nellu (1974), which was co-edited with Hrishikesh Mukherjee, and for Yavanika (1982).

In addition, five feature films edited by him—Nellu, Rappadikalude Gatha, Kolangal, Yavanika, and Irakal—have won a total of nine Kerala State Film Awards in various categories.  Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback was selected for the Indian Panorama category of the International Film Festival of India held in Mumbai. Another film edited by him, Pappan Priyappetta Pappan, has attained a cult following over the years.

K. P. Pillai
K. P. Pillai (1929/30 – 31 August 2021) was an Indian Malayali film director who worked mainly in Malayalam films. He made his film debut as an assistant director in Ramu Kariat's film Abhayam in 1970. He directed Nagaram Sagaram, Vrindavan (1975), Ashtamudikkayal (1977), Kathir Mandapam (1978), Pathira Sooryan (1980) and Priyasakhi Radha (1981).
Ford City Mall
Ford City Mall is a shopping mall located on the Southwest Side of Chicago in the West Lawn neighborhood at 76th Street and Cicero Avenue.
 Opened in 1965, Ford City is the largest shopping mall in Chicago outside of downtown. Anchored by JCPenney, the mall contains more than 135 stores and restaurants including Applebee’s, Bath & Body Works, The Children’s Place, Foot Locker, Zales Jewelers, Marshalls, Old Navy, Victoria's Secret/PINK, and Ross Dress for Less. There are several outparcels including a 14-screen AMC Theatres, built off the southeast corner in 1990. Ford City Mall is managed by Namdar Realty Group.

Bath & Body Works
Bath & Body Works, LLC. is an American retail store chain that sells soaps, lotions, fragrances, candles, accessories, and hand sanitizers. It was founded in 1990 in New Albany, Ohio and has since expanded across six continents. In 1997, it became the largest bath shop chain in the United States.
Vietnam Football Federation
The Vietnam Football Federation (VFF; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng đá Việt Nam) is the national governing body of football in Vietnam. It is responsible for the all Vietnamese teams of association football, futsal and beach soccer as well as national competitions.

VFF is currently a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). Its headquarters is located in Lê Quang Đạo Street, Mỹ Đình 1 ward, Nam Từ Liêm district, Hanoi. Administratively, VFF is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vietnam Ministry of Home Affairs alongside supervisor and specialty management from the Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA, Vietnamese: Bộ Nội vụ) is a government ministry in Vietnam responsible for: organisational structure of state administration; local government organisations, management of administrative boundaries; officials, public servants and state employees; NGOs; state archives and state administration of public services.
Gmina Gruta
Gmina Gruta is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Gruta, which is approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Grudziądz and 52 km (32 mi) north-east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 123.77 square kilometres (47.8 sq mi) and, in 2006, its total population was 6,539.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Heigi
Heigi is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

The village was first mentioned in 1688 (Heike, or Heicke, or Heiki). Historically, the village was part of Lauka Manor (German: Lauk). Before 2013, it was located in Kõrgessaare Parish.

From 1977 to 1997, Heigi was part of the village of Kurisu.

Hiiu County
Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiu maakond or Hiiumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia, being the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It consists of Hiiumaa (German and Swedish: Dagö), the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it. The county borders Lääne County to the east and Saare County to the south.
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. UDP-GlcNAc is used for making glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. To be specific, glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose 6-phosphate and glutamine as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway.  The end-product of this pathway is UDP-GlcNAc. Some enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc vary between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, serving as potential drug targets for antibiotic development.

Amino sugar
In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.  More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar), which is the main component of chitin.

Derivatives of amine containing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid, whose nitrogens are part of more complex functional groups rather than formally being amines, are also considered amino sugars. Aminoglycosides are a class of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. These compounds are conjugates of amino sugars and aminocyclitols.
Jörg Weißflog
Jörg Weißflog (born October 12, 1956) is a former international football goalkeeper for the East Germany.

The goalkeeper was during the 1980s the first-choice between the post for BSG Wismut Aue in the Oberliga. Weißflog won in this decade 15 caps for East Germany.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Abdullahi Kalambaina
Alhaji Abdullahi Kalambaina, Listenⓘ is a Nigerian politician under the All Progressives Congress (APC).  He represents the Kware/Wamakko Federal Constituency of Sokoto State in the House of Representatives, in 2019. He was elected under the platform of the All Progressive Congress (APC).

Hajji
Hajji (Arabic: الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al-HadjListenⓘ , Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who is attending and performing the Hajj during the specific period to Mecca}}Hajj to Mecca.
B3 0309+411B
B3 0309+411B is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Perseus. It has a redshift of (z) 0.134 and it was first discovered by astronomers in 1989 who classified it as an 18 magnitude galaxy with a quasar spectrum. It displays broad emission lines making it a broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG) and is located on the outskirts of the Perseus Cluster.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
2023 Upper Austria Ladies Linz – Doubles
Defending champion Natela Dzalamidze and her partner Viktória Kužmová defeated Anna-Lena Friedsam and Nadiia Kichenok in the final, 4–6, 7–5, [12–10] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Linz Open.

Dzalamidze and Kamilla Rakhimova were the defending champions from 2021, when the event was last held, but chose to compete with different partners. Rakhimova partnered Yana Sizikova, but lost in the first round to Dzalamidze and Kužmová.

Anna-Lena Friedsam
Anna-Lena Friedsam (born 1 February 1994) is a German professional tennis player.
She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 45 in August 2016. In doubles, she peaked at No. 34 in September 2020.
She has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one WTA 125 singles title as well as 13 singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. Friedsam also reached the fourth round of a Grand Slam, at the 2016 Australian Open.
Frank Evans (baseball)
Frank Evans (December 1, 1921 – August 3, 2012) was a professional baseball player in the Negro leagues.

He played for multiple Negro league teams in his career, which began in 1937. He played for the Memphis Red Sox, Kansas City Monarchs, Detroit Stars, Cleveland Buckeyes, Birmingham Black Barons and Philadelphia Stars. He manned multiple positions, including catcher, first base, outfield and occasionally pitcher.

In 1954, he played for the Port Arthur Sea Hawks and Borger Gassers of the Evangeline League and West Texas–New Mexico League, respectively, hitting .313 in 19 games.

He later served as a manager in the Negro Leagues and an instructor for multiple major league teams, coached for the Louisville Redbirds and served as a major league scout.

Cleveland Buckeyes
The Cleveland Buckeyes were a Negro league baseball team that played from 1942 to 1950 in the Negro American League. The Buckeyes played in two Negro World Series, defeating the Washington Homestead Grays in 1945, and losing to the New York Cubans in 1947. They were based in Cincinnati for their first season and Louisville for their second-to-last season.
Chebrolu, Guntur district
Chebrolu is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Chebrolu mandal in Tenali revenue division. It was once a Buddhist site and territorial capital of Kakatiya dynasty. The Archaeological excavations revealed Buddhist artefacts of Satavahana and Ikshavaku period.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Newtonia (bird)
Newtonia is a genus of passerine birds containing four species. They were formerly classified in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae or Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae but have recently been shown to belong to the vanga family Vangidae.
They are endemic to Madagascar where they occur in forest or scrubland. They forage in pairs for insects, often joining mixed-species feeding flocks.

They are small plump birds, about 12 centimetres in length. They have slender bills and usually have a pale eye. Their plumage is mainly grey or brown, paler on the underparts. They have loud, repeated songs.

Mixed-species foraging flock
A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. These are different from feeding aggregations, which are congregations of several species of bird at areas of high food availability.

While it is currently unknown how mixed-species foraging flocks originate, researchers have proposed a few mechanisms for their initiation. Many believe that nuclear species play a vital role in mixed-species flock initiation. Additionally, the forest structure is hypothesized to play a vital role in these flocks' formation. In Sri Lanka, for example, vocal mimicry by the greater racket-tailed drongo might have a key role in the initiation of mixed-species foraging flocks, while in parts of the American tropics packs of foraging golden-crowned warblers might play the same role.
Wesley LaViolette
Wallace Wesley LaViolette (4 Jan 1894 Saint James, Minnesota - 29 Jul 1978 Escondido, California) was an American musician who composed, conducted, lectured, and wrote about music.  He was also a poet and music theorist.  As an educator, he mentored Shorty Rogers, Jimmy Giuffre, John Graas, George Perle, Florence Price, Bob Carter, Bob Florence and Robert Erickson and writer William Irwin Thompson.  Laviolette was an important figure on the West coast jazz scene of the 1950s.

John Graas
John Graas (March 14, 1917 – April 13, 1962) was an American jazz French horn player, composer, and arranger from the 1940s through 1962. He had a short but busy career on the West Coast, and became known as a pioneer of the French horn in jazz.
Furbaide Ferbend
Furbaide Ferbend is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Legend has it that Furbaide Ferbend was buried in a passage grave atop Carn Clonhugh, more commonly known as Corn Hill or Cairn Hill, north Longford, after the two passage graves that crown the summit.

Passage grave
A passage grave or passage tomb consists of one or more burial chambers covered in earth or stone and having a narrow access passage made of large stones. These structures usually date from the Neolithic Age and are found largely in Western Europe. When covered in earth, a passage grave is a type of burial mound which is found in various forms all over the world. When a passage grave is covered in stone, it is a type of cairn.