hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lava Lake (Oregon)
Lava Lake lies in the Cascade Range about 25 miles (40 km) west-southwest of Bend in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is a close neighbor of Little Lava Lake, from which it is separated by solidified lava. Lava Lake is at an elevation of 4,740 feet (1,440 m) in the Deschutes National Forest. The lake covers 368 acres (149 ha) to an average depth of 20 feet (6.1 m).

Lava Lake, Little Lava Lake, and other nearby lakes are volcanogenic, having formed after lava flows from Mount Bachelor altered drainage patterns in the area. Solidified lava flows are visible along the shorelines of both lakes, and the volcanic peaks Broken Top and South Sister can be seen to the north.

Broken Top
Broken Top is a glacially eroded complex stratovolcano. It lies in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the extensive Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located southeast of the Three Sisters peaks, the volcano, residing within the Three Sisters Wilderness, is 20 miles (32 km) west of Bend, Oregon, in Deschutes County. Eruptive activity stopped roughly 100,000 years ago, and erosion by glaciers has since reduced the volcano's cone to where its contents are exposed. There are two named glaciers on the peak, Bend and Crook Glacier.

Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons. Broken Top and its surrounding area constitute popular destinations for hiking, climbing, and scrambling.
Teng Chang Khim
Teng Chang Khim (simplified Chinese: 邓章钦; traditional Chinese: 鄧章欽; pinyin: Dèng Zhāngqīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tēng Chiong-khim; born 2 June 1963) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as a Senior Member of the Selangor State Executive Council (EXCO) in three successive Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations from May 2013 to August 2023. He also served as the 9th Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly from April 2008 to May 2013.

Having retired from active politics, Teng remains member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan.

On 2 December 2020, he announced his decision to retirement from active politics and will not seek re-election both in the next coming general election and in the party.

Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly
The Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Yang di-Pertua Dewan Undangan Negeri Selangor; Chinese: 雪兰莪州立法议会议长; Tamil: சிலாங்கூர் மாநில சட்டப் பேரவையின் சபாநாயகர்) is the presiding officer in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. They are responsible for convening sessions of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills, and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, the deputy will take their place.

The speaker is selected through ballot in the first session of a new legislative assembly.

The incumbent Speaker is Lau Weng San. He was elected on 19 September 2023 for the 15th Selangor State Legislative Assembly. The inaugural Speaker is Abdullah Hassan who served from 8 July 1959 to 17 November 1962.
Fred: The Show
Fred: The Show (stylized as FЯED: THE SHOW) is an American comedy television series, created by Lucas Cruikshank that originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from January 16 to August 3, 2012. Lucas Cruikshank, Daniella Monet, Jake Weary, Siobhan Fallon Hogan, and Stephanie Courtney reprise their roles from Fred: The Movie and Fred 2: Night of the Living Fred. A series preview aired on January 16, 2012, and the show officially premiered on February 5, 2012. Fred: The Show came to production after the success of Night of the Living Fred. The show was cancelled after one season.

Fred 2: Night of the Living Fred
Fred 2: Night of the Living Fred (stylized FЯED 2 NIGHT OF THE LIVING FRED) is a 2011 American horror comedy film. The film is the sequel to the 2010 film Fred: The Movie, based on the adventures of Fred Figglehorn, a character created and played by Lucas Cruikshank for Cruikshank's YouTube channel. It is a Halloween-themed sequel, and it is the second film in the Fred trilogy. Jennette McCurdy, who played Bertha in the original Fred, did not return and is replaced by Daniella Monet. John Cena returns as Dad Figglehorn (Fred's imaginary father), and Jake Weary returns to play Kevin. Supah Ninjas star Carlos Knight co-stars as Kevin's friend and partner. Pixie Lott, who played Judy in the first film, also did not return and her character was written out; it is revealed by Fred that they broke up.

The film received mixed to negative reviews; it was, however, considered an improvement over the original. The Nickelodeon TV premiere drew 5.7 million viewers.
Badangpet
Badangpet is a satellite city of Hyderabad located in Rangareddy district of Telangana, India. It is one of the 13 Municipal Corporations in Telangana. It is newly constituted as Municipal Corporation from Nagar Panchayat, which was formed on 26 March 2013. It was formed by merging (8) erstwhile villages i.e. 1. Badangpet 2. Almasguda 3. Nadergul 4. Kurmalguda 5. Gurramguda 6. Balapur (part) 7. Venkatapur and 8. Mamidipally. The area of the ULB is 74.56 Sq. km. Population as per 2011 Census is 64579 and presently it is estimated to be at 100000.

Satellite city
A satellite city or satellite town is a smaller municipality or settlement that is part of (or on the edge of) a larger metropolitan area and serves as a regional population and employment center. It differs from mere suburbs, subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that it has employment bases sufficient to support its residential population, and conceptually, could be a self-sufficient community outside of its larger metropolitan area. However, it functions as part of a metropolis and experiences high levels of cross-commuting (that is, residents commuting out of and employees commuting into the city).
Marek Sikora (astronomer)
Marek Sikora is a Polish astronomer.

He achieved his Habilitation of astrophysics in 1990 from University of Warsaw. He received the title of professor in 1999. Currently he works as a professor in the Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika PAN, Polish Academy of Sciences  in Warsaw. He is interested mainly high energy astrophysics, astrophysical jets, the nuclei of active galaxies, and sources of cosmic radiation.

Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored national academy of sciences and institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes.

It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.
Willie Francis (swimmer)
William Francis (23 February 1911 – April 1997) was a Scottish competitive swimmer and backstroke specialist who represented Great Britain in the Olympics and competed for Scotland in the British Empire Games.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Gary Alazraki
Gary "Gaz" Alazraki is a Mexican director, screenwriter and producer known for directing the film Father of the Bride (2022); for writing and directing Mexico's record breaking comedy Nosotros los Nobles (2013); and for being the co-creator, executive producer and director of Club de Cuervos (2015), Netflix's first original series in Spanish. He heads Alazraki Entertainment and is a Board Member of Oceana.

Oceana (conservation organization)
Oceana, inc. is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit ocean conservation organization focused on influencing specific policy decisions on the national level to preserve and restore the world's oceans. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with offices in Juneau, Monterey, Fort Lauderdale, New York, Portland, Toronto, Mexico City, Madrid, Brussels, Copenhagen, Geneva, London, Manila, Belmopan, Brasília, Santiago, and Lima, and it is the largest international advocacy group dedicated entirely to ocean conservation.

Currently, Oceana has a staff of about 200 and 6,000 volunteers, and it has almost 50 million dollars of revenue (as of 2017). Oceana takes a multi-faceted approach to ocean conservation; It conducts its own scientific research in addition to making policy recommendations, lobbying for specific legislation, and filing and litigating lawsuits.
Prosisyrina
Prosisyrina is an extinct genus of lacewing in the neuropteran family Sisyridae. The genus contains two described species, Prosisyrina sphinga and Prosisyrina sukachevae. Prosisyrina is known from a group of Late Cretaceous fossils which were found in Asia.

Hemerobiiformia
The Hemerobiiformia are a suborder of insects in the order Neuroptera that include most of the lacewings, antlions and their allies. The phylogeny of the Neuroptera was explored in 2014 using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The results indicate that the traditional Hemerobiiformia are paraphyletic, meaning that not all the members of the clade are considered to belong to it, in particular since it would include all the Myrmeleontiformia, with which the Hemerobiiformia were traditionally contrasted. The Osmyloidea, usually included in Hemerobiiformia, actually seem to represent a more ancient lineage basal to Hemerobiiformia as well as Myrmeleontiformia. The broken-up group is shown in the cladogram:
Wolica, Sanok County
Wolica [vɔˈlʲit͡sa] is a village in East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains, located near the towns of Medzilaborce and Palota (in northeastern Slovakia).

Wolica is about 10 miles from Sanok in south-west Poland. It is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of 340 metres. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Krosno Voivodship (1975-1998) and Sanok district, (10 miles east of Sanok), parish Bukowsko.

Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy; Czech: Beskydy; Slovak: Beskydy; Rusyn: Бескиды, Beskydŷ; Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskydy) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m (6,762 ft).
2019 British Athletics Championships
The 2019 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 24 to 25 August 2019 at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham. It was organised by UK Athletics. A full range of outdoor events were held up to 5000 metres. The competition served as the main selection event for the 2019 World Athletics Championships.

The British Championships for 10,000 metres were held during the European 10,000m Cup as part of the Night of 10,000 metres PBs event at Highgate Stadium on 6 July. This event also served as the main qualification event for the 2019 World Championships 10,000 m.

Selections for the men's and women's marathons were based on results in the 2019 London Marathon.

2019 London Marathon
The 2019 London Marathon was the 39th running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on 28 April. The elite men's race was won by Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge, who took his fourth London Marathon victory in a time of 2:02:37, the second fastest marathon ever at that point. The women's race was won by Brigid Kosgei, also of Kenya, in 2:18:20. American Daniel Romanchuk won the men's wheelchair title in 1:33:38 while Switzerland's Manuela Schär won the women's title in 1:44:09. Changes were made to the course to make it more environmentally friendly; the number of plastic bottles used was reduced and biodegradable alternatives were used instead.
Timeline of the gunpowder age
This is a timeline of the history of gunpowder and related topics such as weapons, warfare, and industrial applications. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from the first hints of its origin as a Taoist alchemical product in China until its replacement by smokeless powder in the late 19th century (from 1884 to the present day).

Matchlock
A matchlock or firelock is a historical type of firearm wherein the gunpowder is ignited by a burning piece of flammable cord or twine that is in contact with the gunpowder through a mechanism that the musketeer activates by pulling a lever or trigger with his finger. This firing mechanism was an improvement over the hand cannon, which lacked a trigger and required the musketeer or an assistant to apply a match directly to the gunpowder by hand. The matchlock mechanism allowed the musketeer to apply the match himself without losing his concentration.
Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes
Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes is a superhero animated television series based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. The series was co-produced by Marvel Studios and MoonScoop, with the participation of M6 and Cartoon Network Europe, and distributed by Taffy Entertainment.

The Cartoon Network, Inc.
The Cartoon Network, Inc. (TCN) is an American multinational entertainment company operating as a unit of Warner Bros. Discovery through its Warner Bros. Television Group division. Founded by Ted Turner and based out of Atlanta, Georgia, it operates Cartoon Network, its programming blocks Adult Swim and Toonami in addition to Boomerang.
Aer Lualdi L.57
The Aer Lualdi L.57 was a prototype Italian helicopter, a further refinement of Lualdi's ES 53 and L.55 designs.

The aircraft featured a larger main rotor than its predecessors, a fibreglass tail rotor, and an autopilot. The Aircraft could accommodate 4 people and was powered by a Lycoming-O360 A1A. Only one L.57 was ever built and the aircraft was never put into production.

Autopilot
An autopilot is a system used to control the path of an aircraft without requiring constant intervention by a human operator. The autopilot does not replace human operators, but it assists them allowing them to focus on broader aspects of operations (for example, monitoring the trajectory, weather and on-board systems).

When present, an autopilot is often used in conjunction with an autothrottle, a system for controlling the power delivered by the engines.
Wayllani
Wayllani (Aymara waylla Stipa obtusa, a kind of feather grass, -ni a suffix, "the one with the feather grass", also spelled Huayllani) is a 4,206-metre-high (13,799 ft) mountain in the Andes in Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Cercado Province, Paria Municipality (formerly Soracachi). Wayllani lies east of Jach'a Ch'ankha and southeast of Chunkara.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Prawn roll
A prawn roll is a sandwich item available in areas of Australia, where prawn fishing is a major industry. They typically are made using a soft white roll approximately six inches (15 cm) long, stuffed with a dozen or more peeled prawns, lettuce and remoulade, Thousand Island or cocktail-style sauce.

Thousand Island dressing
Thousand Island dressing is a creamy salad dressing and condiment made from a base of mayonnaise and usually ketchup or tomato purée and chopped pickles, and typically including a variety of other ingredients. It was initially popularized in the Thousand Islands region of the upper Saint Lawrence River spanning New York and Canada.  Historically a salad dressing, it has been widely adopted by fast food chains as a "special" or "secret" sauce of their own variation based on the Thousand Island recipe.
Highland Fling (film)
Highland Fling is a 1936 British comedy film directed by Manning Haynes and starring Charlie Naughton, Jimmy Gold and Frederick Bradshaw. It was made as a quota quickie by the British subsidiary of 20th Century Fox at Wembley Studios. Two incompetent detectives search for a missing document at the Highland Games.

Fountain Studios
Fountain Studios was an independently owned television studio in Wembley Park, north-west London, England. The company was last part of the Avesco Group plc.

Several companies owned the site before it was bought by Fountain in 1993. Originally a film studio complex, as Wembley Studios it was formerly the base for the ITV London weekday franchise holder Rediffusion from 1955 to 1968, and London Weekend Television from 1968 to 1972. More recently, the studios were best known for being the venue for the live stages of ITV British shows The X Factor and Britain's Got Talent.

The last show to be broadcast live (and recorded) at the studios was The X Factor on 4 December 2016, after which the studio was closed, and the site sold to property developer Quintain. It is now known as Troubadour Wembley Park Theatre.
Shahrak-e Malek-e Ashtar
Shahrak-e Malek-e Ashtar (Persian: شهرك مالك اشتر, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Mālek-e Ashtar; also known as Mālek-e Ashtar) is a village in Seydun-e Shomali Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 174, in 34 families.

Seydun-e Shomali Rural District
Seydun-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان صيدون شمالی) is in the Central District of Seydun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Talavar-e Yek. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Seydun.
Grant Township, Michigan
Grant Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Michigan:

Grant Township, Cheboygan County, Michigan

Grant Township, Clare County, Michigan

Grant Township, Grand Traverse County, Michigan

Grant Township, Huron County, Michigan

Grant Township, Iosco County, Michigan

Grant Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan

Grant Township, Mason County, Michigan

Grant Township, Mecosta County, Michigan

Grant Township, Newaygo County, Michigan

Grant Township, Oceana County, Michigan

Grant Township, St. Clair County, Michigan

Grant Township, Mason County, Michigan
Grant Township is a civil township of Mason County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 925.

The township was named in 1867 for General Ulysses S. Grant, who soon afterward became the 18th president of the United States.
Question under discussion
In semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, a question under discussion (QUD) is a question which the interlocutors in a discourse are attempting to answer. In many formal and computational theories of discourse, the QUD (or an ordered set of QUD's) is among the elements of a tuple called the conversational scoreboard which represents the current state of the conversation. Craige Roberts introduced the concept of a QUD in 1996 in order to formalize conversational relevance and explain its consequences for information structure and focus marking. It has subsequently become a staple of work in semantics and pragmatics, playing a role in analyses of disparate phenomena including donkey anaphora and presupposition projection.

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
A Town Like Alice
A Town Like Alice (United States title: The Legacy) is a romance novel by Nevil Shute, published in 1950 when Shute had newly settled in Australia. Jean Paget, a young Englishwoman, becomes romantically interested in a fellow prisoner of World War II in Malaya, and after liberation emigrates to Australia to be with him, where she attempts, by investing her substantial financial inheritance, to generate economic prosperity in a small outback community—to turn it into "a town like Alice" i.e. Alice Springs.

Virginia McKenna
Dame Virginia Anne McKenna (born 7 June 1931) is a British stage and screen actress, author, animal rights activist, and wildlife campaigner. She is best known for the films The Cruel Sea (1953), A Town Like Alice (1956), Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), Born Free (1966), and Ring of Bright Water (1969), as well as her work with the Born Free Foundation.

McKenna won the BAFTA Television Award for Best Actress in 1956. For A Town Like Alice, she won the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress in 1957, and in 1979 won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for The King and I, making her one of the few to have completed the British Triple Crown.
Jerusalem Road 20
Jerusalem Road 20 is a combination of existing roads and new construction creating a continuous route between Jerusalem's Highway 50 (Begin Boulevard) and Pisgat Ze'ev via Beit Hanina.   The number "20" is a designation used by the Jerusalem Municipality.  Several segments of the road follow national road 4197.  The cost of the project was NIS 180 million and was completed on 5 May 2013.

Pisgat Ze'ev
Pisgat Ze'ev (Hebrew: פסגת זאב, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000. Pisgat Ze'ev was established by Israel as one of the city's five Ring Neighborhoods on land effectively annexed after the 1967 Six-Day War.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. The Israeli West Bank barrier includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.
Theodore & Co
Theodore & Co is an English musical comedy in two acts with a book by H. M. Harwood and George Grossmith Jr. based on the French comedy Théodore et Cie by Paul Armont and Nicolas Nancey, with music by Ivor Novello and Jerome Kern and lyrics by Adrian Ross and Clifford Grey.  It was produced by Grossmith and Edward Laurillard and directed by Austen Hurgon, opening at the Gaiety Theatre on 19 September 1916 and running for 503 performances.  It starred Grossmith, Fred Leslie and Leslie Henson.

Theodore & Co opened during World War I in the same year as two other tremendously successful shows in London: Chu Chin Chow and The Bing Boys are Here, and the successful The Happy Day.  Audiences wanted light and uplifting entertainment during the war, and these shows delivered it.

This show established Ivor Novello as a theatrical composer and was Kern's first show in London. Novello's songs from the show include "What A Duke Should Be" and "Oh, How I Want To Marry".

Nicolas Nancey
Nicolas Nancey, real name Nicolas Zouros, (1874 – 13 October 1925) was a French dramatist and screenwriter.

Once referred to as a successor of Eugène Labiche and Georges Feydeau, he wrote fifteen plays in the vaudeville as well as boulevard genre, in collaboration with dramatists such as Paul Armont, Henry de Gorsse or André Mouëzy-Éon.