hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trans East Airlines
Trans East Airlines was an airline that was based in Manchester, New Hampshire, and in New York City during the 1960s. It ceased its operations in 1972. Trans East Airlines was the fixed-base operator (FBO) at Bangor International Airport in Bangor, Maine, beginning in 1968.

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (short takeoff and landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2022, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the name De Havilland Canada. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics.

The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. The Twin Otter has also been popular with commercial skydiving operations and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force.
Thomas Illyricus
Thomas Illyricus (1484/5–1528/9) was a Dalmatian Franciscan theologian, hermit, pilgrim and itinerant preacher who spent most of his life in southern France. He is known for the purported discovery of the venerated image of Our Lady of Arcachon. He gained a substantial following for his prophetic preaching and advocacy of church reform. He later wrote two early critiques of Martin Luther.

Itinerant preacher
An itinerant preacher (also known as an itinerant minister) is a Christian evangelist who preaches the basic Christian redemption message while traveling around to different groups of people within a relatively short period of time. The usage of these travelling evangelists is known as itineracy or itinerancy.
130th Engineer Battalion
The 130th Engineer Battalion (130th EN BN) is a combat engineer battalion of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard allocated to the 101st Troop Command. The 130th is one of the most decorated battalions of the Puerto Rico National Guard with two Presidential Unit Citations, one Meritorious Unit Commendation, thirty five Purple Hearts, one Silver Star Medal, twenty six Bronze Star Medals, and four hundred and sixty nine Army Commendation Medals.

Meritorious Unit Commendation
The Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC; pronounced muck) is a mid-level unit award of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Army awards units the Army MUC for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding achievement or service in combat or non-combat, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award units the Navy MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service in combat or non-combat, and the U.S. Coast Guard awards units the Coast Guard MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service not involving combat.
Peckhamia (spider)
Peckhamia is a genus of ant-mimicking jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1900. It is named in honor of George and Elizabeth Peckham, and is considered a senior synonym of the genus Consingis.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Sergey Perunin
Sergey Perunin (Russian: Серге́й Перунин; born 19 July 1988) is a Russian swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships. Next year he won a gold medal in the same event at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships setting a new European record.

In August 2012 he married Larisa Ilchenko, multiple open water swimming champion.

2009 World Aquatics Championships
The 2009 World Aquatics Championships (Italian: Campionati mondiali di nuoto 2009) or the XIII FINA World Championships were held in Rome, Italy from 18 July to 2 August 2009. This was the second time the championships were held in the city after being previously hosted in 1994.

The 2009 Championships featured competition in all 5 aquatics disciplines: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronised swimming and water polo.

Rome won the right to stage the event on 16 July 2005 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Rome defeated rival bids from Athens (Greece), Moscow (Russia) and Yokohama (Japan).

A record 2556 athletes from 185 countries participated. FINA's decision to allow the use of polyurethane suits caused these Championships to be dubbed the "Plastic Games".
Tokat Castle
Tokat Castle is an ancient citadel with 28 towers built on top of a rocky peak in the center of Tokat, Turkey.

While its first residents are unknown, the city's history dates back to 3,000 BC. The Hittites and Persians ruled over the area. The earliest known artifacts of the castle date back to the 5th century, and its first recorded residents were Christian groups migrating from Comana Pontica. The castle was under the control of the Byzantine Empire until its takeover by Danishmend Gazi in 1074 and eventual rule by the Great Seljuq Empire. It went through renovations in the Seljuq and Ottoman periods. Because it was used as a prison for rebels and government administrators at times, it was also called Çardar-ı Bedevi, meaning the Wild Arbor.

Vlad the Impaler (Dracula) was one of its inmates early in the 15th century when was he was imprisoned here for a short period by the Ottoman sultan Murad II. The castle is being restored and its secret passage is open to visitors.

Citadel
A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of city, meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core.

In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defence, should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system.
Average variable cost
In economics, average variable cost (AVC) is a firm's variable costs (VC; labour, electricity, etc.) divided by the quantity of output produced (Q):

Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost (ATC):

A firm would choose to shut down if the price of its output  is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing level of output (or, more generally if it sells at multiple prices, its average revenue is less than AVC). Producing anything would not generate revenue significant enough to offset the associated variable costs; producing some output would add losses (additional costs in excess of revenues) to the costs inevitably being incurred (the fixed costs). By not producing, the firm loses only the fixed costs.

As a result, the firm's short-run supply curve has output of 0 when the price is below the minimum AVC and jumps to output such that  for higher prices, where  denotes marginal cost.

Total revenue
Total revenue is the total receipts a seller can obtain from selling goods or services to buyers. It can be written as P × Q, which is the price of the goods multiplied by the quantity of the sold goods.
Koneru Konappa
Koneru Konappa is an Indian politician and a legislator of Telangana Legislature. He won from  Sirpur on BSP ticket but joined Telangana Rashtra Samithi. and then he recently lost the elections and joins the congress party on 15 March 2024 and resigned to congress on 21 February 2025 ahead of MLC Elections.

Telangana Legislature
17°24′06″N 78°28′05″E﻿ / ﻿17.401586°N 78.467995°E﻿ / 17.401586; 78.467995
The Telangana Legislature is the state legislature of the Indian state of Telangana. It follows a Westminster-derived parliamentary system and is composed of an

Appointed Governor of Telangana

The indirectly-elected Telangana Shasana Mandali

The popularly-elected Telangana Shasana Sabha.

The Legislature works at the transit building located in the state capital Hyderabad.The legislature derives its authority from the Indian constitution, with sole authority to make laws on 61 subjects specified in the state list and shares law-making power in 52 concurrent subjects with the Parliament of India. The state uses first-past-the-post method territorial constituencies for electing members to the lower house. The members of the upper house are indirectly-elected by special constituencies or nominated by the governor. The governor is head of the state authorized to the leader of the legislature.
Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Janice Murray (speech therapist)
Janice Murray FRCSLT is a Speech Therapist and Professor at Manchester Metropolitan University, specialising in Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

From 2009 to 20102 Murray was the Chair of the UK charity Communication Matters. Since 2012 Murray has been on the Research Committee for the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication and is the Chair-elect of Council for the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Murray was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists in 2016.

Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (abbreviated as RCSLT) is the professional body for speech and language therapists in the United Kingdom and is a registered charity. It was established on 6 January 1945 to promote the study of speech therapy in the UK, to seek improvement and maintain a high standard of knowledge and to unite all members of the profession. The RCSLT's current patron is the Duchess of Edinburgh. The RCSLT has offices in Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff and London.
The Straits of Messina
The Straits of Messina is a 1989 non-fiction collection of essays, in which author and critic Samuel R. Delany discusses his own novels. The essays are published under his own name, and under the pen name K. Leslie Steiner.

The pieces by K. Leslie Steiner are written as an answer to the question "Wouldn’t it be nice to have someone say all the fine and brilliant things about my work I so desperately would like to hear…?" according to Delany's preface.

The Strait of Messina of the title is a reference to the treacherous waters between Scylla and Charybdis, a metaphor on how difficult it is for an author to write about his own works: "to negotiate the waters between the Scylla of overweening self-importance and the Charybdis of childish self-deprecation."

Strait of Messina
The Strait of Messina is a narrow strait between the eastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and the western tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in Southern Italy. It connects the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south, within the central Mediterranean. At its narrowest point, between Torre Faro and Villa San Giovanni, it is 3.1 km (1.9 mi) wide. At the city of Messina, it is 5.1 km (3.2 mi) wide. The strait's maximum depth is about 250 m (820 ft).

The strait has strong tidal currents that create a unique marine ecosystem. The rock in the town of Scilla, Calabria at the north of the strait and a natural whirlpool in the northern portion of the strait have been linked to the Greek legend of Scylla and Charybdis. In some circumstances, the mirage of Fata Morgana can be observed when looking at Sicily from Calabria. With its bottleneck shape, it is also a compulsory point of transit in the migration of many bird species.
Rana Reider
Rana Reider (born July 8, 1970) is an American track and field coach, who specializes in coaching the sprinting events, long jump, and triple jump. Throughout his career, he has coached Christian Taylor, Andre De Grasse, Bryan Clay, Marcell Jacobs and Tianna Bartoletta, who collectively have won Olympic gold medals in six different events (100m, 200m, 4x100m, long jump, triple jump, and decathlon). Reider currently is a coach for Tumbleweed Track Club in Jacksonville, Florida.

Shara Proctor
Shara Proctor (born 16 September 1988) is a former British long jumper born in Anguilla. She is the national record holder of both Anguilla and Great Britain. On 28 August 2015 at the World Championships in Beijing she became the first British, female, long-jumper to jump over 7 metres (7.07), setting a new British record and earning a world championship silver medal in the process. She also won the 2013 IAAF Diamond League in the event. Her younger sister is the Anguillan sprinter Shinelle Proctor.
2015 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux
The 2015 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bordeaux, France between 11 and 17 May 2015.

Lucas Pouille
Lucas Pouille (French pronunciation: [lykɑ puj], born 23 February 1994) is a French inactive professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 10, achieved on 19 March 2018 and a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 79, achieved on 11 April 2016. He has won five singles titles on the ATP Tour and was on the winning French Davis Cup team in 2017. He won the decisive match against Steve Darcis for the title.
Western Speedway
Westshore Motorsports Park (formerly “Western Speedway”) was a race track located just outside Victoria, British Columbia on southern Vancouver Island. It was a 4/10-mile (643 meter) paved oval track founded in 1954 and was western Canada’s oldest speedway until its closure in September 2022. The track was able to seat up to 3,000 fans and park up to 1,500 cars with a season running from April to September. The speedway hosted stock cars, late models, Old Time Racing Association, sprint cars winged and non-winged, demo cars/trucks, dwarf cars, drag races, mini figure eight cars, monster trucks, and more.

The track hosted 9 NASCAR Winston West Series events between 1970 and 1982 and 10 NASCAR Northwest Series races between 1986 and 1989.

The track also hosted 2 CASCAR West Series races in 2001 and 2002.

NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Northwest Series
The NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Northwest Series  was a regional NASCAR late model stock car racing series first codified in 1985. The series, along with its three other series in its division, folded in 2006. Unlike the NASCAR national series,  drivers competed in light-weight late model race cars. The series sanctioned races in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Montana and a few races in Canada.
LLAF Cup
LLAF Cup (Lithuanian: LLAF taurė) is an annual track and field event in Lithuania organized by the Lithuanian Athletics Federation (Lithuanian: Lietuvos lengvosios atletikos federacija or LLAF). All Lithuanian athletics clubs are competing in the championship. Team that won most titles is Cosma from capital city of Vilnius. The LLAF Cup is also national championship for decathlon and heptathlon.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Afon Leri
Afon Leri  (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈlɛri]; also known as the River Leri) is a river in Ceredigion, Wales. It rises at Llyn Craig-y-Pistyll and is joined at Talybont by Afon Ceulan before passing behind Borth to its mouth in the Dyfi estuary at Ynyslas.

The river once flowed into Cardigan Bay at Aberleri, to the south of Ynyslas. In 1824, its route was diverted to provide a harbour for the local shipbuilding industry.

In June 2012, the Leri was affected by serious flooding causing property damage in Talybont, Dolybont and Borth following torrential rain in the area.

Borth
Borth (Welsh: Y Borth) is a village, seaside resort and community in Ceredigion, Mid Wales; it is located 7 miles (11 km) north of Aberystwyth, on the Ceredigion Coast Path. The community includes the settlement of Ynyslas and the population was 1,399 in 2011. Borth's sandy beach has helped to promote it as a seaside resort.

From being largely Welsh-speaking, the village has become anglicised; over 54 per cent of its residents were born in England. According to both the 1991 and 2001 censuses, 43 per cent of the residents of Borth were primarily Welsh-speakers.
Lalit Narayan Mandal
Lalit Narayan Mandal is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Mandal won the Sultanganj Assembly constituency on the JD(U) ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

Sultanganj Assembly constituency
Sultanganj Assembly constituency is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar. It is a part of Banka Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Amarpur, Dhoraiya, Banka, Katoria and Belhar.
Alexander Mamut
Alexander Leonidovich Mamut (Russian: Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Маму́т; born 29 January 1960) is a Russian-Israeli billionaire, oligarch, lawyer, banker and investor. Until 2020, he was a co-owner of Rambler Group.

In June 2022, Forbes estimated Mamut's net worth at $2 billion.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Peepshow (novel)
Peepshow is a 2004 crime novel by Australian author Leigh Redhead.

It is the first novel in the author's Simone Kirsch series of crime novels.

It was the winner of the Readers Choice Davitt Award in 2005, and the author was named as one of The Sydney Morning Herald Best Young Australian Novelists in 2005.

Allen & Unwin
George Allen & Unwin is a British publishing company formed in 1911 when Sir Stanley Unwin purchased a controlling interest in George Allen & Co.  It became one of the leading publishers of the twentieth century and established an Australian subsidiary in 1976.  In 1990 Allen & Unwin was sold to HarperCollins, and the Australian branch was the subject of a management buy-out.
Medical Hall Historic District
Medical Hall Historic District is a historic home and national historic district near Churchville, Harford County, Maryland, United States. The home was constructed of stuccoed stone between 1825 and 1840 and is five bays long, two bays wide, and two and a half stories high.  The façade features a centrally placed door with sidelights and a rectangular transom subdivided in a radiating pattern.  Also on the property is a stone springhouse which 20th century owners have converted into a pumphouse and a stone cottage believed to be a 19th-century tenant house.  The property is associated with John Archer (1741–1810), the first man to receive a degree in medicine in America. One of his sons was a Congressman, judge of the circuit court, and Chief Justice of Maryland Stevenson Archer (1786–1848).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Eurytides agesilaus fortis
Eurytides agesilaus fortis, the short-lined kite-swallowtail, is a subspecies of butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in North America, Mexico and Central America. The subspecies was first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1906. It hybridizes with Protographium philolaus.

It has a wingspan of about 70–80 millimetres (2.8–3.1 inches). The first pair of wings are three-sided possessing wide black stripes) and on the margin a mark with two red spots bordered with white is visible. The coloration is white to whiteish green. On the undersides of the lower wings two black and red stripes are visible. The females are similar to males but have larger spots on the hindwings.

Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)
Heinrich Ernst Karl Jordan (7 December 1861 – 12 January 1959) was a German-British entomologist. He took a special interest in the taxonomy and classification of butterflies, beetles and fleas. Jordan was a founder of the International Congress of Entomology.
Martin Putze
Martin Putze (born 14 January 1985 in Apolda, Thuringia) is a German bobsledder who has competed since the early 2000s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the four-man event with a gold in 2006 and a silver in 2010.

Putze also won four medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (2005, 2008), one silver (2009) and one bronze (2007).

FIBT World Championships 2008
The FIBT World Championships 2008 ran February 11–24, 2008 in Altenberg, Germany for the fifth time, having done so in 1991 (bobsleigh), 1994 (skeleton), 1999 (skeleton), and 2000 (men's bobsleigh). It is the first time Altenberg has hosted all of those events at one championship, and also includes the mixed team event (one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh) that debuted at the 2007 championships. Training for the events took place February 12–14 for two-man and two-woman bobsleigh, and February 19–20 for skeleton and four-man bobsleigh.