hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky, 410 U.S. 484 (1973), was a decision of the US Supreme Court regarding the statutory jurisdiction of federal district courts to grant writs of habeas corpus for guaranteeing the right of state prisoners to receive a speedy trial in another state under the Speedy Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the US Constitution.

Speedy trial
In criminal law, the right to a speedy trial is a human right under which it is asserted that a government prosecutor may not delay the trial of a criminal suspect arbitrarily and indefinitely. Otherwise, the power to impose such delays would effectively allow prosecutors to send anyone to jail for an arbitrary length of time without trial, expressed as the maxim "Justice delayed is justice denied."

Although it is important for the protection of speedy trial rights for there to be a court in which a defendant may complain about the unreasonable delay of the trial, it is also important that nations implement structures that avoid the delay.

Jurimetrics allows to estimate the current judicial efficiency. Speedy justice tends to correlate with quality and fairness of justice.
Desulfovibrio brasiliensis
Desulfovibrio brasiliensis is a moderately halophilic bacteria first isolated from Brazil, hence its name. It is sulfate-reducing, 0.3–0.45micrometres wide and 1.0–3.5 micrometres long, Gram-negative and motile (one subpolar flagellum present).

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
1966 Hong Kong riots
The 1966 Hong Kong riots, also known as the 1966 Star Ferry riots, were a series of disturbances that took place over four nights on the streets of Kowloon, Hong Kong in the spring of 1966. The riots started as peaceful demonstrations against the British colonial government's decision to increase the fare of Star Ferry foot-passenger harbour.

One person died in the riots, dozens were injured, and over 1,800 people were arrested.

Mong Kok
Mong Kok (Chinese: 旺角), also spelled Mongkok, often abbreviated as MK, is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The Prince Edward subarea occupies the northern part of Mong Kok.

As one of the major shopping areas in Hong Kong, Mong Kok is characterised by a mixture of old and new multi-story buildings, with shops and restaurants at street level, and commercial or residential units above. Major industries in Mong Kok are retail, restaurants (including fast food) and entertainment. It has been described and portrayed in films as an area in which triads run bars, nightclubs, and massage parlours. With its extremely high population density of 130,000/km2 (340,000/sq mi), Mong Kok was described as the busiest district in the world by the Guinness World Records.
Thermarces
Thermarces is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. They are associated with hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at bathypelagic depths in the East Pacific and West Atlantic Ocean.

Eelpout
The eelpouts are the ray-finned fish family Zoarcidae. As the common name suggests, they are somewhat eel-like in appearance. All of the 300 species are marine and mostly bottom-dwelling, some at great depths. Eelpouts are predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic, north Pacific and north Atlantic oceans have the highest concentration of species; however, species are found around the globe.

They are conventionally placed in the "perciform" assemblage; in fact, the Zoarcoidei seem to be specialized members of the Gasterosteiformes-Scorpaeniformes group of Acanthopterygii.

The largest member of the family is Zoarces americanus, which may reach 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) in length. Other notable genera include Lycodapus and Gymnelus.
Abangan
The Abangan are Javanese people who are Muslims and practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri. The term, apparently derived from the Javanese language word for red, abang, was first developed by Clifford Geertz, but the meaning has since shifted. Abangan are more inclined to follow a local system of beliefs called adat and Kebatinan than pure Sharia (Islamic law). Their belief system integrates Hinduism, Buddhism and animism. However, some scholars hold that what has classically been viewed as Indonesian variance from Islam is often a part of that faith in other countries. For example, Martin van Bruinessen notes similarity between adat and historical practice among Muslims in Egypt as described by Edward Lane.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
ProStars
ProStars is a cartoon television show featured on Saturday morning cartoon that aired on NBC from September 14 to December 7, 1991. Three professional athletes from that era appear in the show in live action and as fictional super hero characters: Wayne Gretzky, Bo Jackson, Michael Jordan.

The series was produced by DIC Animation City and Reteitalia, S.p.A., in association with Spanish network Telecinco.

Telecinco
Telecinco is a Spanish free-to-air television channel operated by Mediaset España. The channel was previously known as Tele 5, because it had first begun its experimental transmissions on 10 March 1989, and a year later, it was officially launched on 3 March 1990, becoming the fifth of the national terrestrial television channels and the second private channel in Spain. In 1997, Tele 5 was rebranded as Telecinco, dropping the biscione-absent flower logo seen in other Mediaset channel logos.
Anterior pulvinar nucleus
Anterior pulvinar nucleus (nucleus pulvinaris anterior) is one of four traditionally anatomically distinguished nuclei of the pulvinar of the thalamus. The other three nuclei of the pulvinar are called lateral, inferior and medial pulvinar nuclei.

Thalamus
The thalamus (pl.: thalami; from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral wall of the third ventricle forming the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain). Nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, known as the thalamocortical radiations, allowing hub-like exchanges of information. It has several functions, such as the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

Anatomically, the thalami are paramedian symmetrical structures (left and right), within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It forms during embryonic development as the main product of the diencephalon, as first recognized by the Swiss embryologist and anatomist Wilhelm His Sr. in 1893.
Pratyangira
Pratyangira (Sanskrit: प्रत्यङ्गिरा, IAST: Pratyaṅgirā), also called Atharvana Bhadrakali, Narasimhi and Nikumbhala, is a Hindu goddess associated with Shaktism. She is described to be the female energy and consort of Narasimha. In the Vedas, Pratyangira is represented earliest in the form of Atharvana Bhadrakali, the goddess of the Atharva Veda and magical spells. According to the Tripura Rahasya, she is the pure manifestation of the wrath of Tripura Sundari. Narasimhi is part of the Saptamatrika mother goddesses.

Tripura Rahasya
The Tripura Rahasya (Devanagari: त्रिपुरा रहस्य, Tripurā Rahasya), also called the Haritāyana Sanhitā, is a medieaval (11th-17th century CE) tantric Shakta Sanskrit text. The title has an ambiguous meaning, translated variously as The mystery beyond the three cities, The mystery beyond the trinity, or The secret of the supreme Goddess. Tripura refers to the 'three cities' of consciousness, namely waking, dreaming and deep sleep, but also to the goddess Tripura Sundari, the prime consciousness underlying these three states. It details the path to liberation, as taught by Dattatreya to Parashurama.
B. R. Gavai
Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai (born 24 November 1960) is a retired Indian jurist who had served as the 52nd Chief Justice of India (CJI) from 14 May to 23 November 2025. He is a former judge of the Bombay High Court and also served as the chancellor of some National Law Universities (NLUs). He is the second-ever CJI to be from the Scheduled Castes.  During his term as CJI, he also served as ex officio patron-in-chief of the National Legal Services Authority.

Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University (SGBAU), formerly Amravati University, named after Sant Gadge Baba, is a public state university located at Amravati in the Vidarbha region of the state of Maharashtra, India. Today, it is one of the largest universities in the country with 382 affiliated colleges and about 3.5 lakh students.
Grabmusik
Grabmusik (Grave Music), K. 42/35a, is a 20-minute cantata by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Translated variously into Cantata on Christ's Grave and Music for the Holy Sepulchre, it was composed in Salzburg during Holy Week in 1767. The circumstances of the work's composition are bizarre, as the eleven-year-old Mozart was closeted at the order of Sigismund von Schrattenbach, who doubted the authenticity of the previous works attributed to him, and subsequently required him to write the cantata in the course of a week.

The author of the text is unknown, but there have been several assumptions among musicologists, reflecting the attribution of Mozart's previous sacred singspiel Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
The Green Scarf
The Green Scarf is a 1954 British mystery film directed by George More O'Ferrall and starring Michael Redgrave, Ann Todd, Leo Genn, Kieron Moore, Richard O'Sullivan and Michael Medwin. It was written by Gordon Wellesley based on the 1951 Guy des Cars novel The Brute.

Richard O'Sullivan
Richard O'Sullivan (born 7 May 1944) is an English comedy actor. He is known for his role as Robin Tripp in the TV sitcoms Man About the House (1973–1976) and Robin's Nest (1977–1981) and as the title character in the period adventure series Dick Turpin (1979–1982). He also starred in Doctor at Large (1971), Doctor in Charge (1972–1973), Alcock and Gander (1972), Me and My Girl (1984–1988) and Trouble In Mind (1991).
Stop Court-Packing Act
The Stop Court-Packing Act (H.R. 2239) was a proposed bill that was introduced in the 113th United States Congress on June 4, 2013, with the full title of the bill stating to "reduce the number of Federal judgeships for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit". The chief sponsor of the legislation was Republican Tom Cotton (R-AR4), with no other notable co-sponsors. He proposed a bill that would reduce the number of judges on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from eleven to eight.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Hurtubise
Hurtubise is a Canadian surname. Notable people with this name include:

Jacques Hurtubise (painter) (1939–2014), Montreal-born and Nova Scotia-based abstract expressionist

Jacques Hurtubise (cartoonist), (1950–2015), aka Zyx, Canadian cartoonist, founder of Croc magazine, and political candidate

Jacques Hurtubise (mathematician) (b. 1957), Rhodes Scholar and McGill University professor

Jim Hurtubise (1932–1989), American race car driver

Louise Hurtubise (b. 1953), Canadian handball player at the 1976 Olympics

Mark Hurtubise (b. 1984), professional ice hockey player

Raoul Hurtubise (1882–1955), Canadian Senator for Nipissing

Troy Hurtubise (1963–2018), Canadian inventor and conservationist

Raoul Hurtubise
Joseph Raoul Hurtubise (July 1, 1882 – January 31, 1955) was a Canadian politician. He represented the riding of Nipissing in the House of Commons of Canada from 1930 to 1945. He was a member of the Liberal Party.

Before entering politics, Hurtubise was a surgeon.

He left electoral politics in 1945, when he was appointed to the Senate. He sat as a senator until his death in 1955.
Dodd Fell Hill
Dodd Fell Hill is a hill in the Yorkshire Dales, in North Yorkshire, England. It is classed as a Marilyn (a hill with topographic prominence of at least 150 metres (490 ft)) and its summit is at 668 metres (2,192 ft). The flat summit, known as Dodd Fell Hill, is marked by a concrete trig-point. The hill has a lower summit known as Ten End, which is 1.6-kilometre (1 mi) to the north, and slightly lower at 580 metres (1,910 ft) above sea level.

The name of Dodd Fell is derived from the Middle English Dodde, and the Old Norse Fjall, meaning the hill with the rounded top.

Water flowing off the hill to the north-east forms Duerley Beck, and runs down Sleddale and becomes a tributary of the River Ure. Water flowing to the north runs through Snaizeholme, a side dale of Widdale, and the high ridge between the summit of Dodd Fell and Snaizeholme is traversed by the Pennine Way.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Sandor, Palghar
Sandor is a census town falling within the Vasai (Bassein) municipality of the Palghar district (previously Taana district), in the Konkan division  of Maharashtra, India. Sandoris, the natives of Sandor, are predominantly Roman Catholic Kshatriyas of the Christian Bombay East Indian community, they converted in the colony centred around Bassein, the richest possession of the former Portuguese East Indies with the capital at Velha Goa, in the southern edge of the Konkan region. Prior to the arrival of Portuguese Armadas, there had also been some Nestorians  descended from Jewish converts, by the efforts of the apostles Thomas or Bartholomew.

Portuguese India Armadas
The Portuguese Indian Armadas (Portuguese: Armadas da Índia; meaning "Armadas of India") were the fleets of ships funded by the Crown of Portugal, and dispatched on an annual basis from Portugal to India. The principal destination was Goa, and previously Cochin. These armadas undertook the Carreira da Índia ('India Run') from Portugal, following the maritime discovery of the Cape route, to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama in 1497–99.

The annual Portuguese India armada was the main carrier of the spice trade between Europe and Asia during the 16th Century. The Portuguese monopoly on the Cape route was maintained for a century, until it was breached by Dutch and English competition in the early 1600s. The Portuguese India armadas declined in importance thereafter. During the Dutch occupation of Cochin and the Dutch siege of Goa, the harbour of Bom Bahia, now known as Mumbai (Bombay), off the coast of the northern Konkan region, served as the standard diversion for the armadas.
Podlesie Duże, Lublin Voivodeship
Podlesie Duże [pɔdˈlɛɕɛ ˈduʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radecznica, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

Podlesie Structure

The village is located in a cuphole that has unusual features for the area - it is perfectly round, has a flat bottom and a narrow outlet. In 2004, a hypothesis emerged that it may be the remnant of a 4 km (2 mi) diameter meteorite crater created in the Neogene period.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Deaths in December 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Sergey Geybel
Sergey Geybel (born 25 October 1981) is a competitive Russian swimmer specializing in breaststroke events. He is a former world record holder in the 4×100-metre medley relay and the 4×50-metre medley relay. He won a gold medal at the 2008 World Short Course Championships as part of the world-record-setting finals relay team in the 4×100-metre medley relay. He also won two silver medals and one bronze medal over the course of his career in the 4×50-metre medley relay at the European Short Course Championships.

European Short Course Swimming Championships
The European Aquatics Short Course Swimming Championships, (often referred to informally as Short Course Europeans) are the continental swimming championships, organized by LEN for short course swimming in Europe. The meet features swimmers from Europe, competing in events in a short course (25-meter) pool and features some of the highest standard of 25m racing in the world. It is the sister competition to the  European Aquatics Long Course (50m) Championships. The meet has traditionally been held in the beginning of December. Annual until 2013, the event now occurs in odd years.
John Krogstie
John Krogstie (born 23 May 1967) is a Norwegian computer scientist, professor in information systems at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway, and an expert in the field of enterprise modelling.

International Federation for Information Processing
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing to conduct research, develop standards and promote information sharing.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, IFIP is recognised by the United Nations and links some 50 national and international societies and academies of science with a total membership of over half a million professionals. IFIP is based in Laxenburg, Austria and is an international, non-governmental organisation that operates on a non-profit basis.
SBB RABDe 500
The SBB RABDe 500, also known as the ICN, is a Swiss high speed passenger EMU, which was introduced in 2000, in time for Expo.02 held in western Switzerland in 2002. Its maximum speed is 200 km/h (125 mph), and it employs tilting technology, which allows it to travel through curvy routes faster than non-tilting trains. The train sets were a joint development by Bombardier, Swiss Federal Railways and Alstom, with an aerodynamic body designed by Pininfarina, bogies and tilting mechanism designed by the then SIG, Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft.

Forty-four RABDe 500 trains with a total of 308 coaches were delivered to SBB-CFF-FFS between 1999 and 2005. The RABDe 500 often run with two complete compositions, each with seven carriages and a seating capacity of 480, both including a dining car. The outer four of the seven carriages are second class.

Bogie
A bogie (/ˈboʊɡi/ BOH-ghee) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers) or be quickly detachable (as for a dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies).

Although bogie is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.