hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bin covering problem
In the bin covering problem, items of different sizes must be packed into a finite number of bins or containers, each of which must contain at least a certain given total size, in a way that maximizes the number of bins used.

This problem is a dual of the bin packing problem: in bin covering, the bin sizes are bounded from below and the goal is to maximize their number; in bin packing, the bin sizes are bounded from above and the goal is to minimize their number.

The problem is NP-hard, but there are various efficient approximation algorithms:

Algorithms covering at least 1/2, 2/3 or 3/4 of the optimum bin count asymptotically, running in time  respectively.

An asymptotic PTAS, algorithms with bounded worst-case behavior whose expected behavior is asymptotically-optimal for some discrete distributions, and a learning algorithm with asymptotically optimal expected behavior for all discrete distributions.

An asymptotic FPTAS.

Polynomial-time approximation scheme
In computer science (particularly algorithmics), a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) is a type of approximation algorithm for optimization problems (most often, NP-hard optimization problems).

A PTAS is an algorithm which takes an instance of an optimization problem and a parameter ε > 0 and produces a solution that is within a factor 1 + ε of being optimal (or 1 – ε for maximization problems). For example, for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem, a PTAS would produce a tour with length at most (1 + ε)L, with L being the length of the shortest tour.

The running time of a PTAS is required to be polynomial in the problem size for every fixed ε, but can be different for different ε. Thus an algorithm running in time O(n1/ε) or even O(nexp(1/ε)) counts as a PTAS.
Suffian
Suffian is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Suffian Awang (born 1971), Malaysian political advisor

Suffian Hakim (born 1986), Singaporean media professional and author

Suffian Rahman (1978–2019), Malaysian footballer

Suffian Hakim
Suffian Hakim bin Supoano (born 24 July 1986) is a Singaporean media professional and author known for his novels, Harris bin Potter and The Stoned Philosopher and The Minorities.

He is an alumnus of Saint Joseph's Institution.
19 Cathedral Street, Dunkeld
19 Cathedral Street is an historic building in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Standing near the gates to Dunkeld Cathedral at the western end of Cathedral Street, it is a Category B listed building dating to c. 1715. It is two storeys, with a five-window frontage. It is believed to be a surviving property from a pre-Reformation manse.  It was consecrated by the Bishop of Dunkeld in 1516. It was the home of poet and scholar Gavin Douglas (1474–1522).

Gavin Douglas
Gavin Douglas (c. 1474 – September 1522) was a Scottish bishop, makar and translator. Although he had an important political career, he is chiefly remembered for his poetry. His main pioneering achievement was the Eneados, a full and faithful vernacular translation of the Aeneid of Virgil into Scots, and the first successful example of its kind in any Anglic language. Other extant poetry of his includes Palice of Honour, and possibly King Hart.
Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 22 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Steve Furniss of the United States.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

Steve Furniss
Steven Charles Furniss (born December 21, 1952) is an American former swimmer, business owner, Olympic bronze medalist and world record-holder.

Steve was born to Mr. and Mrs. William Furniss Senior in December 1952, in Madison, Wisconsin.  After a move, he attended Foothill High School in Santa Ana, California and lived on Sanderstead Road.  At Foothill High he broke conference records on the Varsity Swim Squad by his Junior year, and excelled on the water polo and golf teams, graduating in June 1971.

Around 1958, Steve, around only five or six, began swimming with the Philip's 66 Long Beach Swim Team which for a period of time in the late 60's and early 70's was managed by the skilled Olympic and Hall of Fame Coach Don Gambril and skilled coach Ralph "Flip" Darr.
U.S. Route 66 in Kansas
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) was a U.S. highway in southeastern Cherokee County, Kansas. It entered the state south of Baxter Springs and continued north until it crossed  Brush Creek, from where it turned east and left the state in Galena. After the decertification of the highway in 1985, this road segment was numbered as US 69 (alternate) from Quapaw, Oklahoma north to Riverton, Kansas and as K-66 (Kansas highway) from Riverton east to Route 66 in Missouri.

Quapaw, Oklahoma
Quapaw (pronounced kwuh-PAW), officially the Town of Quapaw, is a town in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, United States, which serves as the capital of the Quapaw Nation. Located about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Miami, it is part of the Joplin, Missouri metropolitan area. Incorporated in 1917, Quapaw's population was 811 in 2020.
East Close House
East Close House in Hinton, Hampshire, near Christchurch, Dorset, is a building of historical significance and a grade II listed building on the English Heritage Register. A mansion house stood on the site by 1742, which may be that crudely illustrated on Taylor's Hampshire map of 1759. Many notable people resided here before its conversion to a hotel in the 1930s. It was announced in August 2018 that the hotel would close later in the year.

Christchurch Priory
Christchurch Priory is an ecclesiastical parish and former priory church in Christchurch in the English county of Dorset (formerly in Hampshire). 
It is one of the longest parish churches in the country and is as large as many of the Church of England Cathedrals.
Seychelles bulbul
The Seychelles bulbul (Hypsipetes crassirostris) is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a common endemic species of the Seychelles, breeding on Mahé, Praslin, La Digue and Silhouette as well as some smaller islands.

La Digue
La Digue is the third most populated island of the Seychelles, and fourth largest by land area, lying east of Praslin and west of Felicite Island. In size, it is the fourth-largest granitic island of Seychelles after Mahé, Praslin, and Silhouette Island. It has a population of 2,800 people. Most of the inhabitants live in the west coast villages of La Passe (linked by ferry to Praslin and Mahé) and Anse Réunion. There is no airport on La Digue, so to get there from a foreign country, one must fly to Victoria and continue by ferry, usually via Praslin. It has an area of 10.08 km2, making it relatively easy to travel by bike or on foot.

La Digue was named after a ship in the fleet of French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, who visited Seychelles in 1768.
2023 FIBA U16 European Championship Division B
The 2023 FIBA U16 European Championship Division B was the 18th edition of the Division B of the European basketball championship for men's national under-16 teams. The tournament was played from 4 to 13 August 2023 in Pitești, Romania.

2022 FIBA U16 European Championship
The 2022 FIBA U16 European Championship was the 34th edition of the European basketball championship for national under-16 teams. It was played from 12 to 20 August 2022 in Skopje, North Macedonia. Lithuania men's national under-16 basketball team won the tournament and became the European champions for the second time.
The Spirit of Mickey
The Spirit of Mickey is an American animated direct-to-video anthology film, produced and released by Walt Disney Home Video on July 14, 1998. It features clips from The Mickey Mouse Club, The Wonderful World of Disney, The 60th Academy Awards and A Goofy Movie, in the introductory scene, and some of the namesake character's shorts, including The Band Concert, Lend a Paw, Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip and Steamboat Willie.

Lists of animated films
These lists of animated feature films compile animated feature films from around the world and are organized alphabetically under the year of release (the year the completed film was first released to the public). Theatrical releases as well as made-for-TV (TV) and direct-to-video (V) movies of all types of animation are included. Currently, the lists don't recognize one release form from another.

In order to qualify for these lists, films must be "over 40 minutes long and have animation in at least 75% of their running time, or have at least 40 minutes of animation in total". These lists use the American Film Institute, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and British Film Institute definitions of a feature film. For animated films under 40 minutes, see List of animated short films. For marionette films like Team America: World Police, or films featuring non-animated puppets, see Puppet films. Primarily live-action films with heavy use of special effects are also included.
John Roome
John Roome (born 26 August 1968, a.k.a. Witchman) is a hip hop/breakbeat artist who has worked with The Orb and The Jungle Brothers.

Having completed the score on five movies (Messengers, Dead End Road, Song of Songs, Want and Final Curtain) he has provided material for John Leguizamo's Undefeated and Into the Sun, as well as John Carpenter's Masters of Horror.

Roome has contributed music to various other projects including popular television shows like Cold Case, CSI: Miami, CSI: NY, Nip Tuck and Las Vegas. Most recently completed is the score for Sega's Full Auto video game for the Xbox 360 (PS3 to follow) and music for the Miami Vice film trailer.
It has been confirmed that John will be the composer for two up and coming feature films, Death Walks the Streets and Lost Not Found.

Cold Case
Cold Case is an American police procedural crime drama television series. It ran on CBS from September 28, 2003, to May 2, 2010. The series revolved around a fictionalized Philadelphia Police Department division that specializes in investigating cold cases, usually homicides. On May 18, 2010, the series was cancelled after seven seasons.
Joaquin Riera
Joaquin Andres Riera (born 22 February 1994) is an Argentine rugby union player.
His usual position is as a Centre and he currently plays for Rouen Normandie in French Championnat Fédéral Nationale.

Under contract with Petrarca Padova, for 2019–20 Pro14 season, he named like Permit Player for Benetton in Pro 14.
He played for Benetton Rugby from summer 2020 to 2023–24 United Rugby Championship season.

After playing for Argentina Under 20 in 2014, from 2015 to 2017 Riera was named in the Argentina Sevens for World Rugby Sevens Series.

Argentina national under-20 rugby union team
The Argentina national under-20 rugby union team, officially nicknamed Pumitas, represents Argentina at a national level. The team plays in the World Rugby U20 Championship. It also competes at the South American Junior Championship as of 1972 and the U20 Rugby Championship since 2024.
John E. Cunningham
John Edward "Jack" Cunningham III (March 27, 1931 – March 28, 2025) was an American politician from the state of Washington. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the Washington State Legislature as a member of Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975 and a member of the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977 representing Washington's 33rd legislative district, and a member of the United States House of Representatives for less than one full term representing Washington's 7th congressional district from 1977 to 1979. He was one of only two Republican U.S. House of Representatives members who represented the state's 7th congressional district.

Washington's 33rd legislative district
Washington's 33rd legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington for representation in the state legislature.

It is in King County and consists of east Burien, Normandy Park, SeaTac, Des Moines and parts of Kent, Tukwila, and Renton.

The district is represented by three Democrats: Tina Orwall (Senate), Edwin Obras (House, position 1), and Mia Gregerson (House, position 2).
Pontchartrain Park, New Orleans
Pontchartrain Park is a historically registered neighborhood of the city of New Orleans.  A subdistrict of the Gentilly District Area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: Leon C. Simon Drive to the north, the Industrial Canal to the east, Dreux Avenue to the south and Peoples Avenue to the west.

Ernest Nathan Morial
Ernest Nathan "Dutch" Morial (October 9, 1929 – December 24, 1989) was an American politician and a leading civil rights advocate. He was the first black mayor of New Orleans, serving from 1978 to 1986. He was married to civil rights activist Sybil Haydel Morial and the father of Marc Morial, who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002.
Sir Robert John Abercromby, 7th Baronet
Robert John Abercromby (14 June 1850 – 24 July 1895) was the seventh Scottish Abercromby baronet. He held the estates of Birkenbog and Forglen, as well as land in Ireland. He served as Vice-Lord-Lieutenant of Banffshire, and Justice of the Peace and Commissioner of Supply for both Aberdeenshire and Banffshire.

Aberdeenshire (historic)
Aberdeenshire or the County of Aberdeen (Scots: Coontie o Aiberdeen, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is a historic county in Scotland. The county gives its name to the modern Aberdeenshire council area, which covers a larger area than the historic county. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, but its boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. The area of the historic county excluding the Aberdeen City council area is also a lieutenancy area.

The area is generally hilly. The south-west of the county includes part of the Grampian Mountains. The historic county borders Kincardineshire, Angus and Perthshire to the south, Inverness-shire and Banffshire to the west, and the North Sea to the north and east.
Drip Fed Fred
"Drip Fed Fred" is a single by British band Madness from their 1999 album Wonderful, featuring Ian Dury on vocals. It was released as a single in January 2000, peaking at number 55 in the UK Singles Chart. It was the last song to which Dury contributed his voice, before he died in March 2000.

Wonderful (Madness album)
Wonderful is the seventh studio album by the British band Madness, released on 1 November 1999. It was the band's first studio album in fourteen years since Mad Not Mad in 1985, and also the first to feature their classic seven-piece line-up since 1984's Keep Moving. The album saw Madness reunite with their original production team, Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley, who had produced all of the band's previous work.
A Welcome to Britain
A Welcome To Britain (retitled How to Behave in Britain) is a 1943 training film for the United States Armed Forces which was narrated (and co-written and co-directed) by Burgess Meredith and Anthony Asquith. 
The film explains to United States troops being deployed to Europe for the invasion of Normandy how they should act and behave in the United Kingdom. It demonstrates appropriate behaviour and depicts what is expected in given social situations. Though produced for American viewing, the film was produced by the UK's Ministry of Information through the Strand Film Company, which specialized in making documentaries in the 1930s and '40s.  It was co-written by the Hollywood writer Sam Spewack, who came to Britain with Meredith.

Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Information (MOI), headed by the Minister of Information, was a United Kingdom government department created briefly at the end of the First World War and again during the Second World War. Located in Senate House at the University of London during the 1940s, it was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda. The MOI was dissolved in March 1946, with its residual functions passing to the Central Office of Information (COI); which was itself dissolved in December 2011 due to the reforming of the organisation of government communications.
Entrepreneur India
Entrepreneur India is a monthly business magazine targeted at Indian business owners and entrepreneurial enthusiasts. It is published by Entrepreneur India Media Pvt. Ltd. – a joint venture between Entrepreneur Media, USA's business magazine for entrepreneurs, and Franchise India, an Indian company providing integrated franchise solutions since 1999 in various Asian Country. Entrepreneur India Media publishes the Entrepreneur magazine in India, as well as hosting the Entrepreneur website in the country.

Entrepreneur (magazine)
Entrepreneur is an American magazine and website that carries news stories about entrepreneurship, small business management, and business. First published in 1977, it is published by Entrepreneur Media Inc., headquartered in Irvine, California. The magazine publishes 10 issues annually, available through subscription and on newsstands. It has been published under license internationally in Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, South Africa, and others. Its editor-in-chief is Jason Feifer and its owner is Peter Shea.
Dental drill
A dental drill or dental handpiece is a hand-held, mechanical instrument used to perform a variety of common dental procedures, including removing decay, polishing fillings, performing cosmetic dentistry, and altering prostheses.
The handpiece itself consists of internal mechanical components that initiate a rotational force and provide power to the cutting instrument, usually a dental burr.

The type of apparatus used clinically will vary depending on the required function dictated by the dental procedure. It is common for a light source and cooling water-spray system to also be incorporated into certain handpieces; this improves visibility, accuracy, and the overall success of the procedure. The burrs are usually made of tungsten carbide or diamond.

Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.
Melissa Mars
Melissa Mars (born 3 September 1979) is a French singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to prominence in the early 2000s for her performances on stage.

Hailing from Marseille, France, Melissa Mars displayed an early interest in the performing arts. She embarked on her career as a singer, debuting with her single "Elle" in 2003. Over the years, she released three solo albums under Universal Music and collaborated on duets, notably "1980," which achieved No. 5 on the charts. Mars also appeared in the production of Mozart, l'opéra rock.

From Paris with Love (film)
From Paris with Love is a 2010 French action-thriller film directed by Pierre Morel and starring John Travolta and Jonathan Rhys Meyers. The screenplay was co-written by Luc Besson. The film was released in the United States on February 5, 2010, by Lionsgate Films and both in the United Kingdom and Japan by Warner Bros. Pictures.
The Contrivances
The Contrivances is a 1715 comedy play by the British writer Henry Carey. A farce, it produced was an afterpiece to follow on from a revival of Bonduca.

The original Drury Lane cast included Henry Norris as Argus, James Quin as Rovewell, Joe Miller as Robin, Richard Cross as Constable and Mary Willis as Arethusa.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
Jamestown, Colorado
The historic Town of Jamestown is a Statutory Town in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The population was 256 at the 2020 United States census, down from 274 in 2010. It was named for James Smith, an early discoverer of gold. Jamestown was hit hard by the September 2013 Colorado floods when the town was isolated due to road damage from the rains and the flooding of James Creek. Under a mandatory evacuation order, most residents were airlifted to safety under the direction of the Colorado National Guard to nearby Boulder.

Colorado National Guard
The Colorado National Guard consists of the Colorado Army National Guard and Colorado Air National Guard, forming the state of Colorado's component to the United States National Guard. Founded in 1860, the Colorado National Guard falls under the Colorado Department of Military and Veterans Affairs.
Moder (surname)
Moder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Moder (born 1969), American cinematographer

Jakub Moder (born 1999), Polish footballer

Jozef Móder (born 1947), Slovak footballer

Ladislav Móder (1945–2006), Slovak footballer

Mary Moder (1905–1993), American voice actress

Matthias Moder (born 1963), East German hammer thrower

Paul Moder (1896–1942), German Nazi politician and military officer

Paul Moder (actor), Australian actor

Rezső Móder (born 1954), Hungarian artist

Rezső Móder
Rezső Móder (born July 14, 1954, in Dunaújváros, Hungary) is a Hungarian sculptor, graphic artist, painter.

Rezső Móder participated with his metal art sculptor in the International Steel Sculpture Workshop and Symposium in 1987. During his education his teacher was Károly Koffán, Pál Gerzson. Rezső Móder got a lot of honors, won a lot of awards, one of them is the Munkácsy Mihály Award from 2001. Rezső was reward with Hincz Gyula Award in 1974, with Pro Pentele Award in 2005. Rezső Móder was the leader of the "Light – Voice – Color – Place" Contemporary art Festival and the organizer Instrumentum mobile festivals. Rezső Móder with dr. János Sipos founded the Dunaújvárosi Art Association in 1997. His Musical Sculpture Park was established in 1996. Móder was active to create art associations such as Society of Graphic Artists, Hungarian Society of Painters, Hungarian Sculptors Society.
Alfonso Subero
Alfonso Subero Calvo (born 18 January 1970 in Calahorra, La Rioja), commonly known as Tito Subero, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and later worked as a coach. A youth product of local club Logroñés, Tito went on to play 18 games in La Liga for Deportivo Alavés during the 1998–99 season. He retired in 2006 at the age of 36.

UDA Gramenet
Unión Deportiva Atlético Gramenet is a Catalan Spanish football team based in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1945 it currently plays in Quarta Catalana – Group 18, holding home games at Municipal de Sant Adrià in Sant Adrià de Besòs, with a capacity of 1,000.