hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CDMA spectral efficiency
CDMA spectral efficiency refers to the system spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/site or Erlang/MHz/site that can be achieved in a certain CDMA based wireless communication system. CDMA techniques (also known as spread spectrum) are characterized by a very low link spectral efficiency in (bit/s)/Hz as compared to non-spread spectrum systems, but a comparable system spectral efficiency.

The system spectral efficiency can be improved by radio resource management techniques, resulting in that a higher number of simultaneous calls and higher data rates can be achieved without adding more radio spectrum or more base station sites. This article is about radio resource management specifically for direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-CDMA) based cellular systems.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Hate speech laws in India
The hate speech laws in India aim to prevent discord among its many ethnic and religious communities. The laws allow a citizen to seek the punishment of anyone who shows the citizen disrespect "on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or any other ground whatsoever". Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code prohibits citizens from creating disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different groups of people.

Gujarat Police
The Gujarat Police Department is the law enforcement agency for the state of Gujarat in India. The Gujarat Police has its headquarters in Gandhinagar, the state capital, and Ahmedabad.

The Gujarat Police Department came into existence after Gujarat's separation from the Greater Mumbai state on 1 May 1960.
Ready to Mingle
Ready to Mingle (Spanish: Solteras, lit. 'Singles') is a 2019 Mexican romantic comedy film directed by Luis Javier Henaine, written by Luis Javier Henaine, Alejandra Olvera Avila and starring Cassandra Ciangherotti, Gabriela de la Garza and Irán Castillo. The plot revolves around Ana (Cassandra Ciangherotti) who in her search for a husband turns to a professional for help.

Irán Castillo
Irán Castillo Pinzón (Veracruz, January 4, 1977) is a Mexican singer and actress.

She is known on television for her work in Televisa telenovelas during the 1990s and early 2000s, such as Agujetas de color de rosa, Soñadoras, Preciosa, Confidente de secundaria, and Clase 406, among others. In 1997, she also gained recognition as a singer with the song “Yo por él.”

In film, she stood out for her role in El tigre de Santa Julia, a film for which she won the Best Actress award at the 2003 Heraldo Awards. She was nominated in 2011 for the Ariel Award for her performance in the film Victorio. On television, she has appeared in well-known series such as Mujeres asesinas, Hasta que te conocí (the biographical series on Juan Gabriel), and Los secretos de Lucía.
Stroudwater Historic District
Stroudwater Historic District is a historic district in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine.  The district encompasses an important early village in the Portland area, significant as a shipbuilding and mill site established by Thomas Westbrook in 1727. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Thomas Westbrook
Colonel Thomas Westbrook (1675–1743/44) was a senior New England militia officer in Maine during Dummer's War.  In addition to this senior militia role he was a scout, a colonial councillor, an innkeeper, a mill owner, a land speculator and a King's Mast Agent.  He is the namesake of  Westbrook, Maine.
Haripal railway station
Haripal railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway station on the Sheoraphuli–Tarakeswar branch line of Howrah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Tarakeswar Road, Gopinagar at Haripal in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Jean Heller
Jean Heller is an American writer and former investigative journalist. She is best known for publishing the news of the Tuskegee syphilis study in 1972, and reporting the inaccurate claims by the United States of an Iraqi buildup on the Saudi Arabian border during the Gulf War in 1990.  She has reported for the St. Petersburg Times, Newsday and the Associated Press.

Tampa Bay Times
The Tampa Bay Times, called the St. Petersburg Times until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is published by the Times Publishing Company, which is owned by The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.

It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single year for the first time in its history, one of which was for its PolitiFact project.
Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems
The UC Santa Cruz Center for Agroecology (formerly the Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems) is a research, education, and public service organization within the Division of Social Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

The center's history dates back to 1967 when the university hired Alan Chadwick to lead the creation of a Student Garden Project (now the Alan Chadwick Garden) on its new campus. The center manages the 3-acre garden and a 30-acre farm located at the base of the UCSC campus.

The center is known for its Apprenticeship Program which provides training in the concepts and practices of organic gardening and small-scale farming. Other programs offered include undergraduate internships, on-farm research, farm tours, gardening workshops, and working to address student food insecurity.

Alan Chadwick
Alan Chadwick (July 27, 1909 – May 25, 1980) an English master gardener, was a leading innovator of organic farming techniques and influential educator in the field of biodynamic/French intensive gardening. He was a student of Rudolf Steiner and is often cited as inspirational to the development of the "California cuisine" movement. The Chadwick restaurant in Beverly Hills was named after him. His grave is marked by a stupa at the Green Gulch Farm Zen Center in California. Chadwick is the subject of a 2013 retrospective by a former University of California, Santa Cruz, professor, Paul Lee, called There Is a Garden in the Mind: A Memoir of Alan Chadwick and the Organic Movement in California.
Amílcar
Amílcar is a Spanish and Portuguese male given name derived from Latin Hamilcar, itself a Punic name known to the Romans through their Carthaginian foes, especially Hamilcar Barca.

Notable people with the name Amílcar include:

Amílcar Álvarez, Argentine swimmer

Amílcar Barbuy, Brazilian footballer

Amílcar Cabral, Bissau-Guinean/Cape Verdean politician

Amílcar de Castro, Brazilian sculptor and graphic designer

Amílcar Fonseca, Portuguese footballer

Amílcar Henríquez, Panamanian footballer

Amílcar Méndez Urízar, Guatemalan activist and politician

Amílcar Romero, Dominican politician

Amílcar de Sousa, Portuguese medical doctor and writer

Amílcar Spencer Lopes, Cape Verdean politician

Amílcar Villafuerte Trujillo, Mexican politician

Jean Amilcar, the Senegalese foster son of Marie Antoinette

Amílcar Méndez Urízar
Amílcar Méndez Urízar is a Guatemalan human rights activist and former Congressman (1996–2000). In July 1988 he founded the Council for Ethnic Communities "We Are All Equal" (CERJ). In 1990 he was the recipient of the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award and the Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize.

In October 2003, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights requested that Guatemala adopt precautionary measures to protect the life and person of Méndez in the wake of death threats made against him and the murder of another CERJ activist.
On 17 August 2007, his son José Emanuel was murdered in Guatemala City.
Highland (song)
"Highland" is a song performed by Swedish musical group One More Time. The song was written by Nanne Grönvall and Peter Grönvall and released as a single in September 1992. The song became an international hit, peaking at number two on the Swedish Singles Chart and topping Belgium's Ultratop chart for three weeks. The song appears on the group's 1992 debut studio album, Highland.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Tsambagarav
Tsambagarav (Mongolian: Цамбагарав, ᠴᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠪᠤ) is a mountain between Khovd Province and Bayan-Ölgii Province in western Mongolia, it is a mountain of the Altai Mountains range. It has two peaks, its highest peak "Tsast Uul" (Mongolian: Цаст, lit. "snow-covered peak") has an elevation of 4,193 metres (13,757 ft) and another peak same named "Tsambagarav" (48.655196,90.847063). The mountain is the stand-alone eternally snow-capped mountain of the Mongol Altai and the regional sacred mountain in Mongolia.

Italians Gianni Pais Becher, Gastone Lorenzini and Elziro Molin summited Tsast Uul and Tsambagarav in western Mongolia in June and July 1992 with Mongolians Jndonpuncav, Gotov, Samubun and Battulga.

Bayan-Ölgii Province
Bayan-Ölgii (/ˈbaɪən ˈoʊlɡi/ BY-ən OHL-gee) is the westernmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. The country's only Muslim and Kazakh-majority aimag, it was established in August 1940, having its capital at Ölgii.
Big Brother Naija season 9
Big Brother Naija Season 9, also known as Big Brother Naija: No Loose Guard is the ninth season of the Nigerian version of the reality show Big Brother. It premiered on 28 July 2024 on DStv channel 198 and GOtv channel 49. Ebuka Obi-Uchendu returned as the host for the eighth consecutive time.

Ebuka Obi-Uchendu
Chukwuebuka Obi-Uchendu // ⓘ (born 14 July 1982) is a Nigerian media personality. He is known for hosting the reality show Big Brother Naija (also known as BBNaija), the talk show Rubbin' Minds on Channels TV as well as co-hosting The Spot and Men's Corner on Ebonylife television. He is an ambassador for Budweiser Nigeria, Samsung Nigeria, and 2Sure Nigeria.

Obi-Uchendu has received several award nominations and won the award for Outstanding TV Presenter of the Year at the Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards for his work on Rubbin' Minds.
Keegan O'Toole
Keegan Daniel O'Toole (born May 9, 2001) is an American freestyle and folkstyle wrestler who competes at 74 kilograms. In freestyle, he was the 2023 U23 World Champion and the 2021 U20 World Champion. In folkstyle, he is a two-time NCAA Division I national champion out of the University of Missouri.

2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 74 kg
The men's freestyle 74 kg is a competition featured at the 2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Tirana, Albania on 23 and 24 October 2023.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
John Drummond of Milnab
John Drummond of Milnab (d. c.1550) was a 16th-century Scottish carpenter in charge of the woodwork of the palaces, castles and guns of James IV of Scotland and James V of Scotland.

John Drummond was the second son of James Drummond of Auchterader. A family history narrates that in 1521, John Drummond was given the lands and mill of Milnab in Strathearn, and the royal charter described him in Latin as; "Machinarum bellicarum ejaculator et carpentarius noster," - "keeper of the throwing machines of war and our carpenter." The gift was from the young king with the advice of his mother Margaret Tudor.

Strathearn
Strathearn or Strath Earn (/stræθˈɜːrn/), also the Earn Valley, is the strath of the River Earn, which flows from Loch Earn to meet the River Tay in the east of Scotland.

The area covers the 30-mile (50-kilometre) stretch of the river, containing a number of settlements in Perthshire. It shares a name with a modern ward used for elections to Perth and Kinross Council.

Strathearn was also the name of an ancient province of the Kingdom of Alba, under the authority of a mormaer and then an Earl. More recently, the name has since been used in a number of titles used by the British royal family.
Beijing Union University
The Beijing Union University (Abbreviation: BUU, Chinese: 北京联合大学) is a municipal university administered by the Beijing government of China. In order to facilitate the municipal development, BUU was established in the 1980s, incorporating vocational schools and taking over some of the satellite campuses affiliated to universities including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing International Studies University, etc.

Renmin University of China
The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
The Invisible Kid
The Invisible Kid is a 1988 American teen science fiction comedy film written and directed by Avery Crounse. The film stars Jay Underwood, Wally Ward, Chynna Phillips, Brother Theodore, and Karen Black.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
True Lies (video game)
True Lies is a top-view run and gun video game based on the 1994 film of the same name. The game was developed by Beam Software and published by Acclaim Entertainment. Four different versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, Game Gear, and Game Boy. The home versions and portable versions are drastically different from each other, but have similar play mechanics.

Acclaim Entertainment
Acclaim Entertainment, Inc. was an American video game publisher based in Glen Cove, New York. Originally founded by Greg Fischbach, Robert Holmes, and Jim Scoroposki from a storefront in Oyster Bay in 1987, the company built a global development team through a series of acquisitions during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Following disappointing financial results in their 2003 fiscal year, Acclaim filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on September 1, 2004. The properties owned by Acclaim were subsequently auctioned off to various parties, most notably Howard Marks, a former Activision CEO, launched Acclaim Games which continued to exist until 2010 when Playdom acquired and closed the company. A group of investors launched a new company using the Acclaim trademark in 2025.
Max Charbit
Max Nessim Charbit (17 June 1908 – 14 February 2001) was a French footballer who played as a midfielder for Olympique de Marseille, Saint-Étienne, and Nice in the 1930s. He also played four matches for the French national team in 1934 and 1935.

1935 Coupe de France final
The 1935 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 5 May 1935, that saw Olympique de Marseille defeat Stade Rennais UC 3–0 thanks to goals by Charles Roviglione, Vilmos Kohut and an own goal by Jean Laurent.
Curtis Creek
39°11′28″N 76°34′26″W﻿ / ﻿39.191115°N 76.574011°W﻿ / 39.191115; -76.574011

Curtis Creek is a tidal creek located in Baltimore City and Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a tributary of the cove Curtis Bay and is adjacent to the west of the South Baltimore community of Curtis Bay. The creek begins at the confluence of Furnace Creek and Marley Creek in northern Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It flows north about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) into Curtis Bay (which now lies in the City of Baltimore) which opens to the east into the main branch and stem of the Patapsco River (serving as the Port of Baltimore) and Chesapeake Bay.

Tidal river
A tidal river is a river whose flow and level are caused by tides. A section of a larger river affected by the tides is a tidal reach, but it may sometimes be considered a tidal river if it had been given a separate and another title name.

Generally, tidal rivers are short rivers with relatively low discharge rates but high overall discharge, which generally implies a shallow river with a large coastal mouth. In some cases, high tides impound downstream flowing freshwater, reversing the flow and increasing the water level of the lower section of river, forming large estuaries. High tides can be noticed as far as 100 kilometres (62 mi) upstream. Oregon's Coquille River is one such stream for which that effect can be noticed.
Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law
Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law (Norwegian: Senter for rettsinformatikk, SERI) at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo is the second-oldest academic institution in the world working specifically with the interrelationship of law and information / communication technology. Today, the NRCCL is one of the world leading institutions in the field of information/communication technology law.

NRCCL's main areas of research are media law and Internet governance, legal technology, electronic commerce, eGovernment, data protection and information security. The center offers a LL.M.-degree in Information and Communication Technology Law.

The center was founded by Professor Knut S. Selmer and Professor Jon Bing.
 Professor Knut S. Selmer was succeeded by Professor Jon Bing as Chair of the Centre in 1989. The present Chair of the NRCCL is professor Lee Andrew Bygrave.

Entertainment law
Entertainment law, also known as media law, encompasses legal services provided to the entertainment industry. These services often overlap with intellectual property law, which includes key components such as trademarks, copyright, and the right of publicity. However, the practice of entertainment law frequently extends into other legal areas including employment law, contract law, torts, labor law, bankruptcy law, immigration, securities law, security interests, agency, right of privacy, defamation, advertising, criminal law, tax law, International law (especially private international law), and insurance law.

Much of the work of an entertainment law practice is transaction based, i.e., drafting contracts, negotiation and mediation. Some situations may lead to litigation or arbitration.
Joseph Scapa
Joseph Brian Scapa (born March 18, 1974) is an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives as a Republican from 2011 to 2016.

He was originally elected in the 87th district in 2010, facing no opposition in the primary and winning a relatively easy general election victory 65% to 35% over Democrat Om Chauhan.

In 2012, redistricting changed district lines and Scapa ran in the 88th district. He once again faced no opposition in the primary, but this time lost the general election in a narrow 53%-47% race to Patricia Sloop. In 2014, Scapa made a comeback, challenging Sloop again and winning with 50.2% of the vote. He ran for re-election in 2016, but lost to Democrat Elizabeth Bishop, in his final election as of 2023.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Petro Loza
Bishop Petro Loza CSsR (Ukrainian: Петро Лоза; born 3 June 1979 in Kolodentsi, Kamianka-Buzka Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch as the Titular Bishop of Panium and Auxiliary bishop of Sokal–Zhovkva since 12 April 2018.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Salkocha
Salkocha is a village and gram panchayat in the town of Chapar in the Dhubri district of the state of Assam, India. It is part of the Bilasipara East Assam Legislative Assembly constituency and the Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency.

Dhubri district
Dhubri district (Pron:ˈdʊbri) is an administrative district in the Indian state of Assam. Included within the Kamatapur Autonomous Council, the district headquarters are located at Dhubri city which is situated ~290 km from Guwahati. This was also the headquarters of erstwhile undivided Goalpara district which was created in 1876 by the British government. In 1983, Goalpara district was divided into four districts and Dhubri is one among those. Dhubri district is one among the many Muslim-majority districts of Assam. In 2016, Dhubri was divided again to form South Salmara-Mankachar District.

As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Assam (out of 27), after Nagaon.
Amphipoea lucens
Amphipoea lucens, the large ear or large ear moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae and is found in most of Europe. It was first described, in 1845, by the German entomologist, Christian Friedrich Freyer, from a specimen, found in Berlin. The larvae feed on the roots and stems of grasses.

Apamea
Apamea or Apameia (Ancient Greek: Απάμεια) is the name of several Hellenistic cities in western Asia, after Apama, the Sogdian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, several of which are also former bishoprics and Catholic titular see.

Places called Apamea include: