hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Min Saw Mon
The restoration of Min Saw Mon was a military campaign led by the Bengal Sultanate to help Min Saw Mon regain control of his Launggyet Dynasty. The campaign was successful. Min Saw Mon was restored to the Launggyet throne, and Arakan became a vassal state of the Bengal Sultanate.

Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Ottoman, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China.

The relationships between vassal rulers and empires were dependent upon the policies and agreements of each empire. While the payment of tribute and military service was common amongst vassal states, the degree of independence and benefits given to vassal states varied. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state, or satellite state.
Al Wusta Governorate (Oman)
Al Wusta Governorate (Arabic: مُحَافَظَة ٱلْوُسْطَى, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Al-Wusṭā, lit. 'The Central Governorate') is the second biggest governorate of the 11 governorates of Oman which is approximately 82,471 km². Its capital city is Haima. It was previously a region ('mintaqah'), before becoming a governorate in 2011.

Mintaqah
Minṭaqah (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة [ˈmintˤaqah]; plural مَنَاطِق manāṭiq [maˈnaːtˤiq]) is a term used for a first-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia and Chad and for a second-level administrative division in several other Arab countries. It is often translated as region or district, but the literal meaning is "region", "area", or even simply "place".
Jerry Vlasak
Jerry Vlasak (born c. 1958) is an American animal rights activist and trauma surgeon. He is a press officer for the North American Animal Liberation Press Office, a former director of the Animal Defense League of Los Angeles, and a former advisor to SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals.

Vlasak came to public attention in 2003, 2004, and again in 2008, when he made statements favorable to the use of violence against animal researchers. He and his ex-wife, former actress Pamelyn Ferdin, were banned from entering the United Kingdom in 2004, on the grounds that their presence, according to the Home Secretary, "would not be conducive to the public good."

Press secretary
A press secretary or press officer is a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps their employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.
1892 Massachusetts legislature
The 113th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1892 during the governorship of William E. Russell. Alfred S. Pinkerton served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Etlingera albolutea
Etlingera albolutea is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Axel Dalberg Poulsen and John Donald Mood. Etlingera albolutea is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Axel Dalberg Poulsen
Axel Dalberg Poulsen (7 April 1961, Holbaek, Denmark) is a Danish botanist, taxonomist and naturalist. His research interests are the flora of Denmark and its surroundings, taxonomy and evolution of gingers in a wide sense (families in the Ginger Order Zingiberales).
Kedoya Selatan
Kedoya Selatan (Indonesian for South Kedoya) is an administrative village in the Kebon Jeruk district, city of West Jakarta, Indonesia. It has postal code of 11520.

Taman Kedoya Baru residential estate and Kedoya Elok Apartment are located in this area. Taman Kedoya Sport Club is a sport center in the residential estate. Facilities are tennis courts, swimming pools, and a fitness center.

The Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road has eastbound exit ramp in Kedoya. This is the last exit ramp before the eastern terminus in Tomang, which also merges to Jakarta Inner Ring Road.

Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road
The Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road (shortened to Janger Toll Road) is a controlled-access toll road connecting Jakarta with Tangerang in the province of Banten, Indonesia. Being a part of the Jakarta–Merak Toll Road, it was opened on 27 November 1984. It is the main road for residents who live in the western Jakarta area.
Anticlea elegans
Anticlea elegans, commonly known as mountain deathcamas, elegant camas, or glaucous death-camas, is a trillium-relative in the flowering plant family Melanthiaceae. Three distinct subspecies are included Anticlea elegans subsp. elegans, the type subspecies, plus Anticlea elegans subsp. glauca and Anticlea elegans subsp. vaginata.  Anticlea elegans subsp. vaginata is likely a result of a vicariance event at the end of the Pleistocene and the populations are genetically drifting apart. Glacial refugia in at least five US states have formerly hosted populations of Anticlea elegans subsp. glauca, though two are now extirpated. The species is native to most of North America, being absent from California and the Baja California peninsula, the deep southeastern United States, and the far north of Canada. Little is known about the species pollinators, with a small population in Idaho documented to be likely pollinated mostly by flies.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
Progressive People's Party (Germany)
The Progressive People's Party (German: Fortschrittliche Volkspartei, FVP) was a social liberal party in the German Empire. It was formed on 6 March 1910 from the merger of the Free-minded People's Party, the Free-minded Union and the German People's Party. The FVP advocated the parliamentarisation of the Empire and socio-political changes such as universal suffrage and the right to form and join trade unions. Its membership was largely middle class, including merchants, mid-level civil servants, salaried employees and academics. It occasionally cooperated with the Social Democratic Party before World War I. Although initially in favour of a wartime policy of annexations, it later supported the 1917 Reichstag Peace Resolution and the constitutional reforms of October 1918. After the war, the FVP joined with the left wing of the National Liberal Party to form the German Democratic Party of the Weimar Republic.

Friedrich Naumann
Friedrich Naumann (25 March 1860 – 24 August 1919) was a German liberal politician and Protestant parish pastor. In 1896, he founded the National-Social Association that sought to combine liberalism, nationalism and (non-Marxist) socialism with Protestant Christian values, proposing social reform to prevent class struggle. He led the party until its merger into the Free-minded Union in 1903. From 1907 to 1912 and again from 1913 to 1918, he was a member of the Reichstag of the German Empire.

Naumann advocated an imperialist foreign policy, laying out Germany's claim to dominate Central Europe in his 1915 Mitteleuropa plan. After the First World War, he co-founded the German Democratic Party and was elected to the Weimar National Assembly. Naumann is also somewhat controversial for his anti-Armenian statements. The Friedrich Naumann Foundation of the Free Democratic Party is named after him.
Triple tibial osteotomy
The triple tibial osteotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat dogs that have completely or partially ruptured the cranial cruciate ligament in one or both of their stifles. The cranial cruciate ligament connects the femur with the tibia, which functions to stabilise the canine stifle joint from the forces put on it during exercise and weight bearing. The triple tibial osteotomy was developed by a New Zealand veterinary orthopaedic specialist, Dr. Warrick Bruce, while he was working in Adelaide, South Australia.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
Trinity University College
Trinity University College (Welsh: Coleg Prifysgol y Drindod) was a Church University College in Carmarthen, Wales.

The institution was founded in 1848 as the South Wales and Monmouthshire Training College, a teacher-training college. It changed its name in 1931 to Trinity College, Carmarthen; and in 2009 to Trinity University College. In 2010, it merged with the University of Wales, Lampeter to become the new University of Wales Trinity Saint David, with the Trinity site becoming the UWTSD Carmarthen Campus.

Raymond Garlick
Raymond Garlick (21 September 1926 – 19 March 2011) was an Anglo-Welsh poet. He was also the first editor of The Anglo-Welsh Review, a lecturer, critic, and campaigner for the use of the Welsh language.
Cape Fournier
Cape Fournier (Moriori: Tupourangi) is a headland on Chatham Island, in New Zealand's Chatham Islands group, with cliffs rising to about 100 m (330 ft). It is the south-easternmost point in the island, to the south of Ōwenga, and is the closest point on the island to the second largest of the Chatham Islands, Pitt Island, which lies just over 20 km (12 mi) to the south-southeast, across Pitt Strait.

The Cape is formed of basalt of the late Cretaceous Southern Volcanics, erupted about 80 million years ago. There is a Chatham Island shag colony on the Cape. Flora includes Chatham Islands groundsel (Senecio radiolatus), giant sowthistle (Embergeria grandifolia) and keketerehe (Macrolearia chathamica).

Chatham Islands shag
The Chatham Islands shag (Leucocarbo onslowi), also known as the Chatham shag, is a species of bird in the cormorant and shag family, Phalacrocoracidae. It is endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. For a long time the species was placed in the genus Phalacrocorax; today it is mostly placed with the other blue-eyed shags of New Zealand and Antarctica in the genus Leucocarbo. Its closest relative is the Otago shag of South Island.

This is a large, pied shag with a long crest. It is highly coastal, rarely foraging far from shore, although sometimes feeds in the large and brackish Te Whanga Lagoon. It forages for fish and cephalopods and roosts on rocky shores. The species is colonial, breeding in small colonies around the Chatham Islands. Little is known about its breeding behaviour. The species is threatened by introduced predators, disturbance at its breeding colonies and habitat loss.
Chemical hazard
Chemical hazards are hazards present in hazardous chemicals and hazardous materials. Exposure to certain chemicals can cause acute or long-term adverse health effects. Chemical hazards are usually classified separately from biological hazards (biohazards). Chemical hazards are classified into groups that include asphyxiants, corrosives, irritants, sensitizers, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reactants, and flammables. In the workplace, exposure to chemical hazards is a type of occupational hazard. The use of personal protective equipment may substantially reduce the risk of adverse health effects from contact with hazardous materials.

Long-term exposure to chemical hazards such as silica dust, engine exhausts, tobacco smoke, and lead (among others) have been shown to increase risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.

Asphyxiant gas
An asphyxiant gas, also known as a simple asphyxiant, is a nontoxic or minimally toxic gas which reduces or displaces the normal oxygen concentration in breathing air. Breathing of oxygen-depleted air can lead to death by asphyxiation (suffocation). Because asphyxiant gases are relatively inert and odorless, their presence in high concentration may not be noticed, except in the case of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia).

Toxic gases, by contrast, cause death by other mechanisms, such as competing with oxygen on the cellular level (e.g. carbon monoxide) or directly damaging the respiratory system (e.g. phosgene). Far smaller quantities of these are deadly.

Notable examples of asphyxiant gases are methane, nitrogen, argon, helium, butane and propane. Along with trace gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone, these compose 79% of Earth's atmosphere.
2023–24 FA Vase
The 2023–24 FA Vase (known for sponsorship reasons as the Isuzu FA Vase) was the 50th season of the FA Vase, an annual football competition for teams playing in levels 9 and 10 (steps 5 & 6) of the English National League System. The competition was played on a regional basis until the 4th round.

The defending champions were Ascot United but they were unable to defend their trophy due to their promotion to the Isthmian League South Central Division.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Doris Barr
Doris "Dodie" Barr (August 26, 1921 – July 12, 2009) was a Canadian pitcher who played from 1943 through 1952 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5' 6", 145 lb., Barr batted and threw left-handed. She was born in Starbuck, Manitoba, Canada.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Chambers (ship)
Several vessels have been named Chambers:

Chambers (1776 ship) was launched in Bristol in 1776. She spent most of her brief career as a West Indiaman. An American privateer captured her in October 1782.

Chambers (1781 ship) was launched in America in 1781, possibly under the same name. Chambers first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1783. She traded between Liverpool and Africa, but is not listed as a slave ship. She foundered in 1792.

Chambers (1794 ship) was launched at Liverpool in 1794. She was lost in 1795 as she was returning to Liverpool from Jamaica.

Chambers (1781 ship)
Chambers (or Chambres) was a ship launched in the Thirteen Colonies in 1781, possibly under another name. She was taken in prize in 1783. Chambers first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1783. She traded between Liverpool and Africa, but is not listed as a slave ship. She foundered in 1792.
Doris Schachner
Doris (Elfriede) Schachner (née Korn; 30 May 1904 in Bockwa near Zwickau – 1 April 1988 in Heidelberg) was the first female German professor for Mineralogy and Honorary Senator of the RWTH Aachen University.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
The Doe Network
The Doe Network is a non-profit organization of volunteers who work with law enforcement to connect missing persons cases with John/Jane Doe cases. They maintain a website about cold cases and unidentified persons, and work to match these with missing persons.

John Doe
John Doe (male) or Jane Doe (female) are multiple-use placeholder names that are used in the British, Canadian, and American legal systems, when the true name of a person is unknown or is being intentionally concealed. In the context of law enforcement in the United States, such names are often used to refer to a corpse whose identity is unknown or cannot be confirmed. These names are also often used to refer to a hypothetical "everyman" in other contexts, like John Q. Public or "Joe Public". There are many variants to the above names, including John (or Richard)/Jane Roe, John/Jane Smith, Joe/Jane Bloggs, and Johnie/Janie Doe or just Baby Doe for children. The gender-neutral A. N. Other is also a placeholder name, mainly used in the United Kingdom.
2016 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Philipp Petzschner and Alexander Peya.
Nicolas Mahut and Vasek Pospisil won the title, defeating Petzschner and Peya in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–4.

Marin Draganja
Marin Draganja (Croatian pronunciation: [mâriːn drǎɡaɲa]; born 13 May 1991) is a Croatian former professional tennis player who competed mainly on the ATP World Tour in doubles.
Draganja reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 20 on 6 April 2015 and highest ATP singles ranking of No. 550 on 29 April 2013.
Voice analysis
Voice analysis is the study of speech sounds for purposes other than linguistic content, such as in speech recognition. Such studies include mostly medical analysis of the voice  (phoniatrics), but also speaker identification.  More controversially, some believe that the truthfulness or emotional state of speakers can be determined using voice stress analysis or layered voice analysis.

Phoniatrics
Phoniatrics or phoniatry is the study and treatment of organs involved in speech production, mainly the mouth, throat (larynx), vocal cords, and lungs. Problems treated in phoniatrics include dysfunction of the vocal cords, cancer of the vocal cords or larynx, inability to control the speech organs properly (speech disorders), and vocal loading problems.

According to the Union of European Phoniatricians, phoniatrics is "the medical specialty dealing with voice, speech, language, hearing and swallowing disorders".
Remco Bosma
Remco Paul George Bosma (born 6 June 1971) is a Dutch politician. He has been Mayor of Bladel since 16 January 2019. Previously Bosma was a member of the House of Representatives for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy between 1 March 2016 and 23 March 2017. He served in the States of Flevoland between 15 March 2007 and 1 March 2016.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Dutch: Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat; I&W) is the Dutch Ministry responsible for transport, aviation, public works, land management and water resource management. The Ministry was created in 2010 as the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment following the merger of the Ministry of Transport and Water Management and the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment. In 2017, the Ministry was renamed the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management and the responsibilities for environmental policy and climate change policy were transferred to the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

The Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management (Dutch: Minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat) is the head of the Ministry and a member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands. The current Minister is Robert Tieman, serving since June 2025.
Mozart's personal catalog of works
Mozart's personal catalog of works is a hand-written document that the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart created over the years 1784 to 1791. In it, he attempted to provide a clear description, with both verbal annotation and musical incipit, of every work he wrote during that time. The catalog survives today (in both original and published form) and serves as a standard basis for dating and authenticating Mozart's works.

Alan Tyson
Alan Walker Tyson, CBE, FBA (27 October 1926 – 10 November 2000) was a Glasgow-born British musicologist who specialized in studies of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Tyson was Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy.
The Last English King
The Last English King (1997) is a historical novel by English writer Julian Rathbone. The novel covers the time of the Battle of Hastings. It revolves around Walt Edwinson, a housecarl of Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon king of England.

Housecarl
A housecarl (Old Norse: húskarl; Old English: huscarl) was a non-servile manservant or household bodyguard in medieval Northern Europe.

The institution originated amongst the Norsemen of Scandinavia, and was brought to Anglo-Saxon England by the Danish conquest in the 11th century. They were well-trained, and paid as full-time soldiers. In England, the royal housecarls had a number of roles, both military and administrative, and they fought under Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings.