hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knoellia remsis
Knoellia remsis a species of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The bacteria are aerobic and mesophilic, and the cells are coccoid that group in pairs, tetrads, or clusters. It was originally isolated from an air sample from the Regenerative Enclosed Life Support Module Simulator, which was a system designed to simulate life aboard the International Space Station. The species is named after REMS, the acronym for the Regenerative Enclosed Life Support Module Simulator. The species was originally classified as Tetrasphaera remsis in 2007, but was reclassified into the genus Knoellia in 2018.

The optimum growth temperature for K. remsis is 25 °C and can grow in the 10-45 °C range. The optimum pH is 7.0, and can grow in pH 6.0-9.0.

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
Foie gras controversy
The production of foie gras (the liver of a duck or a goose that has been specially fattened) involves the force-feeding of birds with more food than they would eat in the wild, and more than they would voluntarily eat domestically. The feed, usually corn boiled with fat (to facilitate ingestion), deposits large amounts of fat in the liver, thereby producing the fatty consistency sought by some gastronomes.

Gastronomy
Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome, while a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics.
Aula-Vintri
Aula-Vintri is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa.

As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 19.

Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Lääne-Saare Parish.

Saare County
Saare County (Estonian: Saare maakond or Saaremaa; Latin: Oesel; Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It consists of Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it, most notably Muhu, Ruhnu, Abruka, and Vilsandi. The county borders Lääne County to the east, Hiiu County to the north, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Saare County had a population of 31,292, which was 2.4% of the population of Estonia.
2017 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series
The 2017 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series is the eighteenth edition of Asia's continental sevens tournament for women. The lower tier Trophy, which serves as a qualifier for the series, was held in Laos. The Series will be played over two legs hosted in South Korea and Sri Lanka. The 2017 edition of the series serves as qualification to the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens, with the top two qualifying.

2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the seventh edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens. Organized by World Rugby, it was held at AT&T Park, now known as Oracle Park, in San Francisco, United States. A total of 84 matches were played over three days from July 20–22, 2018. The men's tournament had 24 teams and the women's tournament 16, with both tournaments being played for the first time in a knock-out only format. 
New Zealand won the championship for both events — defeating England in the men's final and France in the women's final.
Dragoon Trail
In 1933, the State of Iowa opened the Dragoon Trail, a scenic and historic drive along the Des Moines River.

The trail follows the path of the 1st U. S. Dragoons, the country's first mounted infantry unit, on their historic march in the summer of 1835, to scout Iowa after the Black Hawk Purchase of 1832 put the area under U.S. control. The march led to the establishment of outposts from present-day Fort Dodge and Webster City through Des Moines to Pella and Knoxville.

The Trail is about 200 miles long and passes cultural, historical, natural and scenic attractions including Lake Red Rock, Ledges State Park, the Kate Shelley High Bridge and Dolliver Memorial Park.

It starts with two branches originating from Fort Dodge and Webster City that join near Stratford; from there it runs through Boone and Des Moines to the Red Rock Dam between Pella and Knoxville.

For more details see Dragoon Trail.

Boone, Iowa
Boone (/ˈbuːn/ BOON) is a city in Des Moines Township and the county seat of Boone County, Iowa, United States.

It is the principal city of the Boone, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Boone County. This micropolitan statistical area, along with the Ames, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area comprise the larger Ames-Boone, Iowa Combined Statistical Area. The population of the city was reported as 12,460 at the 2020 census.
Heimdallarchaeum
"Candidatus Heimdallarchaeum" is a genus of archaea that in turn forms a distinct group within the Promethearchaeati kingdom. Named after the mythical Norse god, Heimdall, one of the sons of Odin, it is considered the closest relative of eukaryotes. The first specimens were discovered by a team of microbiologists at the Uppsala University, Sweden from the marine sediments at Loki's Castle (hydrothermal vents in the mid-Atlantic Ocean) and Bay of Aarhus (a waterway in Denmark), and some other species from Auka hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. Its class, "Candidatus Heimdallarchaeia" is the group of archaea that eukaryotes emerged. A later study reports that their newly developed data shows that the promethearchaeon ancestors of eukaryotes are rooted in a group older than the "Candidatus Heimdallarchaeia. The genus and its family, order and class are not recognized by LPSN as "pro-correct".

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
Adiabatic electron transfer
In chemistry, adiabatic electron-transfer is a type of oxidation-reduction process.  The mechanism is ubiquitous in nature in both the inorganic and biological spheres. Adiabatic electron-transfers proceed without making or breaking chemical bonds.  Adiabatic electron-transfer can occur by either optical or thermal mechanisms. Electron transfer during a collision between an oxidant and a reductant occurs adiabatically on a continuous potential energy surface.

Fritz London
Fritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900 – March 30, 1954) was a German born physicist and professor at Duke University. His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are today considered classic and are discussed in standard textbooks of physical chemistry. With his brother Heinz London, he made a significant contribution to understanding electromagnetic properties of superconductors with the London equations and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on five separate occasions.
Dean Crawford (author)
Dean Crawford is a British author of action and adventure, science fiction and thriller books.

He intended to qualify as a fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force, but failed the sight test, and worked as a graphic designer before leaving the industry to write novels. He spent fifteen years writing full-time before his first successful book, Covenant, was published in 2011. He signed a three-book contract with US publishers Simon & Schuster, but subsequently set up his own independent publishing company Fictum Limited, through which he has released over thirty self-published novels.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
SCS Software
SCS Software s.r.o. is a video game developer based in Prague, Czech Republic. It primarily produces simulation games for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux, including the 18 Wheels of Steel and Truck Simulator series. The name is an initialism based on the surnames of the three founders, Pavel Šebor, Martin Český and Petr Šebor.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Charles Oliver (died 1706)
Charles Oliver (1646 – 13 April 1706) was an Irish landowner.

The son of Captain Robert Oliver (died 1679) ("Robin Rhu") of Castle Oliver, Oliver was Sheriff of County Limerick in 1692, Sheriff of County Cork in 1695, Member of Parliament for Midleton from 1695 to 1699, Deputy Governor of County Limerick in 1699 and Member of Parliament for County Limerick from 1703 until his death.

He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Percy Smyth of County Waterford. They had a son, Robert Oliver (died 1739), and four daughters, who married into Cork and Limerick families.

Lord Lieutenant of Limerick
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Limerick.

There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831. The title Lord Lieutenant was always pronounced as 'Lord Lef-tenant'.
Nan'an, Chongqing
Nan'an District (Chinese: 南岸区; pinyin: Nán'àn Qū; Jyutping: naam4ngon6 keoi1; lit. 'the southern bank of Yangtze River') is one of the six central districts of Chongqing municipality, China. It covers an area of 262.43 km2, with 44 km2 covered with forests and woods. It has an estimated population of 891,000 in late 2017.

Direct-administered municipality
A direct-administered municipality (直辖市; Zhíxiáshì; lit. 'direct-administered city'), commonly known as a municipality, is a provincial-level administrative division in China. The municipalities are directly affiliated with the central government of China. Although a city by name, a Chinese municipality is more than a city in a traditional sense. It is equivalent to a province as it is usually composed of a central urban area and a number of much larger surrounding suburban and rural areas. There are four such municipalities in China: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.
Damini Kanwal Shetty
Damini Kanwal Shetty is an Indian film producer, writer and actress.  She acted in serials like Parampara, Alif Laila and played Yashoda’s role in famous Indian TV show Shri Krishna in 1993 which was telecasted in DD National. Presently she directs 'Eternal Flame Productions'.

Yashoda
Yashoda (Sanskrit: यशोदा, IAST: Yaśodā) is the foster-mother of Krishna and the wife of Nanda. She is described in the Puranic texts of Hinduism as the wife of Nanda, the chieftain of Gokul, and the sister of Rohini. According to the Bhagavata Purana, Krishna was born to Devaki, but Krishna's father, Vasudeva, brought the newborn Krishna to his cousin Nanda, and his wife, Yashoda, in Gokulam. This was for his upbringing, as well as to protect Krishna from Devaki's brother, Kamsa, the tyrannical king of Mathura.
Duncan Jarman
Duncan Jarman is a British make-up artist. He received Emmy awards for his work on Alice in Wonderland (1999) and Arabian Nights (2000). In 2016, he received his first Oscar nomination at 88th Academy Awards in the category of Best Makeup and Hairstyling for his work on the film The Revenant. His nomination was shared with Siân Grigg and Robert Pandini.

Arabian Nights (miniseries)
Arabian Nights is a two-part 2000 miniseries, adapted by Peter Barnes from Sir Richard Francis Burton's translation of the medieval epic One Thousand and One Nights and directed by Steve Barron. It was produced by Hallmark Entertainment and originally broadcast over two nights on 30 April and 1 May 2000 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and ABC in the United States.

The series consists of five stories from One Thousand and One Nights, which are framed within a sixth, maintaining the traditional style of stories within stories that is synonymous with the Nights. The series cast includes John Leguizamo, Jason Scott Lee, Rufus Sewell, Mili Avital and Dougray Scott.
Charles D. Strang
Charles Daniel Strang (April 12, 1921 – March 11, 2018) was an American inventor who was the President, CEO and Chairman of the Board of Outboard Marine Corporation, a multibillion-dollar Fortune 500 corporation. Strang was born in Brooklyn, New York in April 1921. He graduated from what is now NYU Poly. Prior to joining Outboard Marine, Strang was a faculty member at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and chief engineer for Mercury Marine. Strang is the inventor of the modern Sterndrive. From 1998 to 2009, Strang was NASCAR National Commissioner. Strang died in March 2018 at the age of 96.

Mercury Marine
Mercury Marine is a marine engine division of Brunswick Corporation headquartered in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. The main product line is outboard motors. It also produces the MerCruiser line of sterndrives and inboard engines, as well as a lineup of electric outboard motors. Utilizing modular and portable 48V lithium-ion batteries and transverse flux motor technology, these yield high torque with optimum efficiency.

Mercury's engines are manufactured in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin and Mercury is the only US outboard engine manufacturer and the only outboard engine manufacturer with a V12, 600hp outboard engine.
John Murphy (high jumper)
John Leonard Murphy (March 23, 1895 – August 17, 1972) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Portland, Oregon and died in Midland, Michigan. In 1920, he finished fifth in the high jump competition.

Competing for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish track and field team, Murphy won the 1921 and 1922 NCAA Track and Field Championships national titles in the high jump.

Notre Dame Fighting Irish track and field
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of Notre Dame. The Fighting Irish compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The team is based in Notre Dame, Indiana at the Notre Dame Track and Field Stadium.

The program is coached by Matt Sparks. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

Olympic bronze medallist Molly Seidel has the most individual NCAA titles of any Notre Dame athlete, with three over the 3000 m, 5000 m, and 10,000 m from 2015 to 2016.
1899 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1899 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (OAC)—now known as Oregon State University—during the 1899 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Hiland Orlando Stickney, the Aggies compiled a record of 3–2 and outscored their opponents 76 to 60. The Aggies lost to Oregon, 38–0. Fred Walters was the team captain.

The Oregon Intercollegiate Football Association (OIFA) collapsed mid-season when OAC and Oregon left amidst allegations that Willamette was stacking its roster with "ringers" who were not students of the school.

1899 college football season
The 1899 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

Chicago, Kansas, and Sewanee went undefeated. With just 13 players, the Sewanee team, known as the "Iron Men", had a six-day road trip with five shutout wins over Texas A&M; Texas; Tulane; LSU; and Ole Miss. Sportswriter Grantland Rice called the group "the most durable football team I ever saw."
Jan McLean
Jan McLean is a retired dollmaker from Dunedin in New Zealand.

McLean's first dolls, "Chloe" and "Phoebe" were created in 1987. In 1991, she exhibited at the American International Toy Fair in New York City, where her doll "Pansy" won a Dolls Award for Excellence.

Many of McLean's dolls are made of porcelain, but she has also produced smaller versions of the porcelain originals since 2003 in vinyl polymer, known as "Lollipop Girls".

In 2009, she retired from dollmaking.

Vinyl polymer
In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl (H2C=CHR) monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain [−CH2−CHR−]. In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Mutton Bird Island
Mutton Bird Island is an irregularly shaped unpopulated island located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean, the 44-hectare (110-acre) is the largest of the eight islands that comprise the Mutton Bird Islands Group. The Mutton Bird Island is part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.

The highest point of Mutton Bird Island is 40 metres (130 ft) above sea level.

Port Davey
Port Davey is an oceanic inlet located in the south west region of Tasmania, Australia.

Port Davey was named by explorer James Kelly in honour of Thomas Davey, a former Governor of Tasmania. Port Davey is contained within the Port Davey/Bathurst Harbour Marine Nature Reserve, the Melaleuca to Birchs Inlet Important Bird Area and the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. The Toogee name of the port is Poynduc.

With the support of the then Premier of Tasmania, Robert Cosgrove (in office from 1939), Australian journalist Critchley Parker proposed a Jewish settlement at Port Davey in 1941.
Valgerður Gunnarsdóttir
Valgerður Gunnarsdóttir is an Icelandic politician, a member of the Icelandic parliament, and the former headmaster of Laugar Junior College. She was a member of Húsavík town council from 1986 to 1998 and served as the president of the town council from 1994 to 1998.

Valgerður has been a member of the Budget Committee since 2013 and a member of the Icelandic Delegation to the Nordic Council from the same year. She has been a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2016 and serves as deputy chairman for the Icelandic delegation.

Húsavík
Húsavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhuːsaˌviːk]) is a town in Norðurþing municipality on the northeast coast of Iceland on the shores of Skjálfandi bay with 2,485 inhabitants. The most famous landmark of the town is the wooden church Húsavíkurkirkja, built in 1907. Húsavík is served by Húsavík Airport.
Walter Clutterbuck Buckle
Walter Clutterbuck Buckle (June 28, 1881 – August 25, 1955) was an English-born political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Tisdale in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1925 to 1934 as a Conservative.

He was born in Gloucester and was educated at Sir Thomas Rich's School and Brentford College. In 1905, Buckle came to Canada, and around 1910, settled near Tisdale, where he established a farm implement business. He served as mayor of Tisdale from 1921 to 1925. Buckle served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Agriculture. He was defeated when he ran for re-election to the provincial assembly in 1934. Buckle retired from business in 1946 and moved to Victoria, British Columbia. He died there in 1955.

Tisdale, Saskatchewan
Tisdale is the business centre for the rich agricultural boreal forest area in central Saskatchewan, Canada. This town is in the Rural Municipality of Tisdale No. 427.

Located at the junction of Highway 35 and Highway 3, and serviced by both the Canadian National Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, Tisdale is the grain handling centre of the region with five inland grain terminals, and is the centre of regional industry.

The intersection of Highways 3 and 35 has traffic volumes of 11,200 vehicles per day and is the location of the largest 7-Eleven in Canada (by floor space) and the 4.9 m (16 ft) long roadside statue of "The World's Largest Honey Bee" (the Giant Bee in Falher, is actually bigger at 6.91 m (22 ft 8 in)).

This town is the administrative office of the Kinistin Saulteaux Nation band government.
Ministry of Commerce (Thailand)
The Ministry of Commerce (Abrv: MOC; Thai: กระทรวงพาณิชย์, RTGS: Krasuang Phanit) is a cabinet ministry in the government of Thailand. The Minister of Commerce is a member of the Cabinet of Thailand. The ministry is responsible for trade, prices of important agricultural goods, consumer protection, entrepreneurship, insurance, intellectual property protection, exports, and representing Thailand at the World Trade Organization. The Ministry of Commerce was established by royal command of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) on August 20, 1920, by raising the Department of Commerce and Statistics in the Ministry of Finance to a ministry called the Commerce Dissemination Council. Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana, the older half-brother of King Vajiravudh was appointed as the first president of the council, with a status equivalent to that of a minister. The ministry moved to its present premises in Nonthaburi in 1989.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.