hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Common Type System
In Microsoft's .NET Framework, the Common Type System (CTS) is a standard that specifies how type definitions and specific values of types are represented in 
computer memory. It is intended to allow programs written in different programming languages to easily share information. As used in programming languages, a type can be described as a definition of a set of values (for example, "all integers between 0 and 10"), and the allowable operations on those values (for example, addition and subtraction).

The specification for the CTS is contained in Ecma standard 335, "Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Partitions I to VI." The CLI and the CTS were created by Microsoft, and the Microsoft .NET framework is an implementation of the standard.

Ecma International
Ecma International (/ˈɛkmə/) is a nonprofit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its current name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization.

The organization was founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to large and small companies worldwide that produce, market, or develop computer or communication systems, and have interest and experience in the areas addressed by the group's technical bodies. It is located in Geneva.
Prior of Loch Leven
The Prior of Loch Leven was the head of lands and of the community Augustinian canons of St Serf's Inch Priory, Loch Leven (a.k.a. Portmoak Priory). There was a Scottish Céli Dé (or Culdee) establishment there in the first half of the 12th century, allegedly found by Bruide, son of Dargart, King of the Picts (696–706). When the Augustinian priory was founded in 1150, the Scottish monks were absorbed into the established and those who refused to join were to be expelled. Not all of the priors are known. The most famous prior undoubtedly was the chronicler, Andrew de Wyntoun. Following more than four centuries of Augustinian monastic life and the resignation of the last prior, the Protestant king, James VI of Scotland, granted the priory to St Leonard's College, St Andrews.

Culdees
The Culdees (Irish: Céilí Dé, lit. 'Spouses of God'; pronounced [ceːlʲiː dʲeː]) were members of ascetic Christian monastic and eremitical communities of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England in the Middle Ages. Appearing first in Ireland and then in Scotland, they were subsequently attached to cathedral or collegiate churches. Though they did not take monastic vows, they lived in monastic fashion.
William F. L. Hadley
William Flavius Lester Hadley (June 15, 1847 – April 25, 1901) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.

Born near Collinsville, Illinois, Hadley attended the common schools. He was graduated from McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, in June 1867, and from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1871. He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and commenced practice at Edwardsville, Illinois. He served as member of the State senate in 1886. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888.

Hadley was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frederick Remann and served from December 2, 1895, to March 3, 1897. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896. He engaged in banking. He died in Riverside, California, April 25, 1901. He was interred in Woodlawn Cemetery, Edwardsville, Illinois.

McKendree University
McKendree University (McK), formerly McKendree College, is a private university in Lebanon, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1828 as the "Lebanon Seminary", it is the oldest college or university in Illinois. The school was renamed McKendree University beginning in the 2007–08 academic year. McKendree enrolls approximately 1,960 students representing 25 countries and 29 states. In the undergraduate program, on average, there are 51% females and 49% males. The institution remains affiliated with the United Methodist Church.
Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping
The individual show jumping or "Prix des Nations" at the 1952 Summer Olympics took place on 3 August, at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. It was the ninth appearance of the event. For the first time, the event featured two rounds. There were 51 competitors from 20 nations, with each nation able to send a team of up to three riders with the results shared between team and individual events. The event was won by Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola of France, the nation's first victory in individual jumping since 1912 and second overall (the first nation to win a second gold medal in the event; the previous eight editions were all won by riders of different nationalities). Óscar Cristi of Chile took silver for that nation's first medal in the event. German rider Fritz Thiedemann earned bronze.

Óscar Cristi
Óscar Cristi Gallo (June 29, 1916 – March 25, 1965) was a Chilean police officer and a successful show jumping rider from the late 1940s until the late 1960s.

In 1952 he won both the individual and team Olympic silver medals in the jumping competition of the equestrian event. He was the first Chilean athlete to win two Olympic medals. The Chilean team jumping in 1952 was Óscar Cristi on Bambi, César Mendoza on Pillán and Ricardo Echeverría on Lindo Peal.

On March 25, 1965, Óscar Cristi had a fatal car accident as he was about to retire from the post of Deputy Director-General of the Carabineros. In 1992 the riding school in Santiago operated by the Carabineros was renamed in his honor.
Suck on Light
Suck on Light is the fourth studio album of the Australian indie band Boy & Bear. It was released on 27 September 2019 and peaked at number 7 on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, becoming the band's fourth top ten album.

The album was produced and mixed by the band and Collin Dupuis, and partly mixed by British mixing engineer Tom Elmhirst.

Tom Elmhirst
Tom Elmhirst (born 8 June 1971) is a British mix engineer. He has worked with artists including Adele, Beck, David Bowie, Cage the Elephant, Lady Gaga, Residente, and Amy Winehouse, among many others. Elmhirst has received numerous accolades and nominations. He has won seventeen Grammy Awards, a Latin Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and two Music Producers Guild Awards for Mix Engineer of the Year. Having won six trophies at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, he set the record for the most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night.

Elmhirst currently works out of PH Studios in New York City.
Biak-na-Bato National Park
Biak-na-Bato National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located almost entirely within Barangay Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel, Bulacan from where it derives its name. The park also extends to the nearby municipalities of San Ildefonso and Doña Remedios Trinidad covering a total area of 2,117 hectares (5,230 acres). It was declared a national park in 1937 by President Manuel L. Quezon by virtue of its association with the history and site of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato. The park consists of a cave network and a system of rivers and trails of both historical and ecological importance. Situated only 80 kilometers (50 mi) northeast from Manila, it is fast becoming a popular weekend eco-adventure destination for the city dwellers.

San Ildefonso, Bulacan
San Ildefonso, officially the Municipality of San Ildefonso (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Ildefonso, Kapampangan: Balen ning San Ildefonso) is a  municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 123,140 people.
Turkeycock Mountain
Turkeycock Mountain is a mountain summit located in Franklin County, Virginia and Henry County, Virginia.  Rising out of the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Turkeycock Mountain rises to 1,657 feet (505 m) above sea level and is located at 36°49′45″N 79°41′13″W﻿ / ﻿36.82917°N 79.68694°W﻿ / 36.82917; -79.68694. A portion of the mountain is protected as the Turkeycock Wildlife Management Area, which is open to the public.

The Samuel Calland (1750-1808) family home had 22 rooms and was situated at the foot of the Turkeycock Mountain. A one-and-a-half-story six-room building with earthen basement is all that remains of the formerly large structure. Several features of the home, including the main room's high ceiling, pine wainscoting, brick chimney, and one staircase, are still visible.

Franklin County, Virginia
Franklin County is a county located in the Blue Ridge foothills of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,477. Its county seat is Rocky Mount. Franklin County is part of the Roanoke metropolitan area and is located in the Roanoke Region of Virginia. The Roanoke River forms its northeast boundary with Bedford County.
Harischandra Chavan
Harischandra Devram Chavan (25 December 1951 – 14 November 2024) was an Indian politician who was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha. He represented Dindori constituency in Maharashtra and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. Chavan was also member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India and represented Malegaon constituency in Maharashtra. He died on 14 November 2024, at the age of 72.

14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (2 June 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election, held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of the first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.

The next 15th Lok Sabha was convened after 2009 Indian general election.
Markus Kallifatides
Markus Kallifatides (born 18 April 1972) is a Swedish politician, economist and member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he has represented Stockholm Municipality since September 2012.

Kallifatides studied business administration, economics, French, philosophy and political science at the University of Linköping, and psychology at the Stockholm University. He has a Master of Science degree from the Stockholm School of Economics (HHS).

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase
In enzymology, a methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 7.2.4.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA  propanoyl-CoA + CO2

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA, and two products, propanoyl-CoA and CO2. Along with this reaction, this enzyme transports sodium cations across the membrane, creating a gradient which can be used for synthesis of ATP, hence its classification as a translocase.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (propanoyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include propionyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, methylmalonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase, (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase [incorrect], and (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase.  This enzyme participates in propanoate metabolism.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Meltdown (Massacre album)
Meltdown is a 2001 live album by avant-rock, experimental power trio Massacre, featuring guitarist Fred Frith, bassist Bill Laswell and drummer Charles Hayward. It was recorded live at Robert Wyatt's 2001 Meltdown Festival in Queen Elizabeth Hall, London on June 17, 2001, and released by Tzadik Records as part of their "Key Series".

Meltdown (festival)
Meltdown is an annual festival held in London, featuring a mix of music, art, performance and film. Meltdown is held in June at Southbank Centre, the arts complex covering 21 acres (85,000 m2) and including the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and The Hayward. Each year, the festival chooses an established music artist or act as director of the event, and they pick the performers of their choosing. Directors of the festival have included Louis Andriessen, Elvis Costello, David Byrne, David Bowie, Patti Smith, Lee Scratch Perry, Morrissey, Jarvis Cocker, Nick Cave, Scott Walker, John Peel and Ornette Coleman, Grace Jones, and Chaka Khan. The festival has been held annually since 1993, except in 2006 when the Royal Festival Hall was closed for refurbishment, and when the 2020 Meltdown was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Garden Township, Michigan
Garden Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township had a total population of 772, up from 750 at the 2010 census. In 2012, it became home to the first wind farm in the Upper Peninsula, the 28 MW Garden Wind Farm.

Big Bay de Noc
Big Bay de Noc is a bay in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The bay, which opens into Lake Michigan's Green Bay, is enclosed by Delta County. The Garden Peninsula is on the east side of the bay and the Stonington Peninsula is on the west side. The small Delta County settlements of Garden and Nahma are harbors on the shore of the bay.

As with the more thickly-settled Little Bay de Noc, the bay's name comes from the Noquet (or Noc) Native American people (thought to have been related to the Menominee of the Algonquian language group), who once lived along the shores.

The bay is historically important for its 19th-century use as a center of the Lake Michigan iron smelting industry.  A former smelting complex has been preserved as Fayette State Park.  The state park's Snail Shell Harbor, off Big Bay de Noc, offers a harbor of refuge for small boats and yachts.

A lighthouse, the Peninsula Point Light, marks the entrance of the bay.
Leslie R. H. Willis
Leslie R. H. Willis (13 July 1908 – 12 March 1984) was an English mechanical and electrical engineer and archaeologist, who excavated the Iron Age settlement at the hamlet of Dainton, at Ipplepen, Teignbridge, Devon in the late 1940s.

Ipplepen
Ipplepen is a village and civil parish located within the Teignbridge district of the county of Devon in south-west England. It is the site of Ipplepen Priory and there is an electoral ward with the same name. The population of Ipplepen village and Ipplepen civil parish at the 2021 census was 2,149 and 2,522 respectively.
Pond River
The Pond River is a 90.8-mile-long (146.1 km) tributary of the Green River in western Kentucky in the United States.  Via the Green and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The Pond River rises in central Todd County and flows generally north-northwestwardly, along the boundaries of Muhlenberg, Christian, Hopkins and McLean counties to the Green River, which it joins from the south about 5 miles (8 km) west-southwest of the town of Calhoun.

At the common boundary of Christian, Hopkins and Muhlenberg counties, it collects the 29.6-mile-long (47.6 km) West Fork Pond River. Upstream of this confluence, the Pond River has also been known as the East Fork Pond River.

Muhlenberg County, Kentucky
Muhlenberg County (/ˈmjuːlənbɜːrɡ/) is a county in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,928. Its county seat is Greenville and its largest city is Central City.
Reinforced Records
Reinforced Records is a British breakbeat hardcore, jungle, and drum and bass record label, first founded in 1989 by 4hero and based in Dollis Hill, London. Reinforced is one of the groundbreaking record labels of the genre.

Dollis Hill
Dollis Hill is an area in northwest London, which consists of the streets surrounding the 35 hectares (86 acres) Gladstone Park. It is served by a London Underground station, Dollis Hill, on the Jubilee line, providing good links to central London. It is in the London Borough of Brent, close to Willesden Green, Neasden and Cricklewood, and is in the postal districts of NW2 and
NW10

The area is mainly residential (Edwardian terraced and 1920s/30s semi-detached houses) with a restaurant, greengrocer and convenience stores near the underground station. The Dollis Hill ward has the highest Irish population in London.

Dollis Hill played a part in the Second World War as the code-breaking computer used at Bletchley Park was built at the Post Office Research Station in Dollis Hill and the rarely used alternative Cabinet War Room bunker for Winston Churchill's government was dug underground here.
Mar Ammo
Mar Ammo was a 3rd-century Manichean disciple of the prophet Mani. According to Manichaen tradition he spread Manichaeism eastward into Sogdiana during the time period when Mani was living. Mar Ammo is well known as the apostle of the east in Manichean literature nevertheless his exact origins are unknown. His Syriac name (from ʿAmmānūēl) may denote that he was Syrian in origin. However, a Parthian origin may also be seen and is mentioned by some scholars, especially due to his outstanding role in establishing the Parthian language as the official language of the eastern Manichean Church, later to be replaced by Sogdian in the sixth century. Furthermore, Mar Ammo is widely regarded as the composer of the Manichaean Parthian hymn-cycles (Huwīdagmān and Angad Rōšnan).

Parthia
Parthia (Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; Parthian: 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 Parθaw; Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC, was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC, and formed part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire after the 4th-century BC conquests of Alexander the Great. The region later served as the political and cultural base of the Eastern Iranian Parni people and Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD). The Sasanian Empire, the last state of pre-Islamic Iran, also held the region and maintained the seven Parthian clans as part of their feudal aristocracy.
Belly River Group
The Belly River Group is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the Belly River, a tributary of the Oldman River in southern Alberta, and was first described in outcrop on the banks of the Oldman River (at the time considered part of the Belly River) and Bow River by George Mercer Dawson in 1883.

Oldman River
The Oldman River is a river in southern Alberta, Canada. It flows roughly west to east from the Rocky Mountains, through the communities of Fort Macleod, Lethbridge, and on to Grassy Lake, where it joins the Bow River to form the South Saskatchewan River, which eventually drains into the Hudson Bay.

Oldman River has a total length of 362 kilometres (225 mi) and a drainage area of 26,700 km2 (10,300 sq mi).
Paula Šūmane
Paula Šūmane (pronounced Schumann) is a Latvian concert violinist and the prize winner of international violin competitions and the Grand Music Award of Latvia. She is a graduate of the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris and the University of Music and Performing Arts in Graz, Austria. As a soloist, Paula Šūmane has performed with various symphony and chamber orchestras, including the Lisbon Metropolitan Orchestra, the Hof Symphony Orchestra, the Baden-Baden Philharmonic Orchestra, the Latvian National Symphony Orchestra, the Lithuanian State Symphony Orchestra, Sinfonietta Rīga, the Liepāja Symphony Orchestra, the Latvian National Opera Orchestra. Šūmane is frequently invited to give violin masterclasses.

Latvian National Symphony Orchestra
The Latvian National Symphony Orchestra (LNSO; Latvian: Latvijas Nacionālais simfoniskais orķestris) is a Latvian orchestra based in Riga.  Its primary performance venue is the Great Guild Hall in Riga.: 307   In addition to regular symphonic concerts, the orchestra also broadcasts and records.
Sweet Enemy
Sweet Enemy (Korean: 달콤한 원수; RR: Dalkomhan wonsu) is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Park Eun-hye, Yoo Gun, Lee Jae-woo, and Park Tae-in. The series airs daily on SBS TV from 8:30 a.m. to 9:10 a.m. (KST).

SBS TV
SBS TV (Seoul Broadcasting System Television) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel operated by Seoul Broadcasting System. The channel was launched on 9 December 1991. Unlike competing network MBC, SBS operates using a federalized structure, managing a network of nine stations (of which SBS in Seoul is the flagship) to supply programming, while the affiliates outside Seoul carry local programming to cater to local needs.
Leonid Drachevsky
Leonid Drachevsky (Russian: Леонид Вадимович Драчевский; born 5 April 1942) is a Soviet rower from Kazakhstan. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City with the men's coxed pair where they qualified for the small final but did not start.

Drachevsky later became a diplomat and served as consul in Barcelona in 1992 and as ambassador of Russia to Poland from 1996 to 1999. In 1998 and 1999, he was a Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation. In the period 2000–2004, he was the Plenipotentiary Envoy of the President of Russia to the Siberian Federal District. On 23 December 2000, Leonid Drachevsky was promoted to the civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Siberian Federal District
The Siberian Federal District (Russian: Сибирский федеральный округ, IPA: [sʲɪˈbʲirskʲɪj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its population was 17,178,298 according to the 2010 Census, living in an area of 4,361,800 square kilometers (1,684,100 sq mi). The entire federal district lies within the continent of Asia.

The district was created by presidential decree on 13 May 2000 and covers around 30% of the total land area of Russia. In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were removed from the Siberian Federal District and added to the Far Eastern Federal District in accordance with a decree issued by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Calosoma lepidum
Calosoma lepidum, the neat beautiful black searcher, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1844.
This species is found in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Montana, Nevada,  South Dakota and Wyoming, where it inhabits open prairies with short grass.

Adults are sub-brachypterous.

Carabinae
Carabinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, containing ten genera and over fourteen hundred described species. It has two tribes, the Cychrini Laporte (1834) and Carabini Latreille (1802). The latter is divided into two subtribes, the Carabina Latreille (1802) and Ceroglossina Vacher de Lapouge (1927).