hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irish Americans in the American Civil War
Irish-American Roman Catholics served on both sides of the American Civil War (1861–1865) as officers, volunteers and draftees.  Immigration due to the Irish Great Famine (1845–1852) had provided many thousands of men as potential recruits although issues of race, religion, pacifism and personal allegiance created some resistance to service. A significant body of these veterans later used the military experience gained in the war to launch several conflicts (most notably the Fenian Rising in British Ireland and the Fenian Raids in Canada) with the goal of establishing an independent Irish Republic as members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Fenian Brotherhood and Clan na Gael.

British rule in Ireland
British rule in Ireland was built upon the 12th-century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland on behalf of Kingdom of England, where parts of Ireland fell under English control. The full conquest of the island was completed in the 17th century after the Tudor conquest of Ireland. Most of Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom following the Anglo-Irish War in the early 20th century. Initially formed as a Dominion called the Irish Free State in 1922, the Republic of Ireland became a fully independent nation state following the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. It effectively became a republic with the passage of a new constitution in 1937, and formally became a republic with the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949. Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom as a constituent country.
Quintus Pleminius
Quintus Pleminius was a propraetor (legatus pro praetore) in 205 BC. He was given command over Locri in Bruttium by Scipio Africanus after its recapture, considered the "outstanding event" in Sicilian operations that year. His governorship, if it should be called that, ended in sacrilege and murder.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Hyrmine (Elis)
37°53′11″N 21°08′08″E﻿ / ﻿37.886492°N 21.135668°E﻿ / 37.886492; 21.135668
Hyrmine (Ancient Greek: Ὑρμίνη) or Hyrmina (Ὕρμινα) or Hormina (Ὅρμινα) was a town of ancient Elis upon the coast. It is mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships of the Iliad as one of the towns of the Epeii. It appears to have been regarded as one of the most ancient of the Epeian towns, since Pausanias repeats the legend that it had been founded by Actor, the son of Hyrmine, who was a daughter of Epeius, and describes the town as between the cape of Cyllene near Araxus, near the frontier with Achaea. In the time of Strabo the town had disappeared, but its site was marked by a rocky promontory near Cyllene, called Hormina or Hyrmina.

Hyrmine is located near the castle of Chlemoutsi.

Catalogue of Ships
The Catalogue of Ships (Ancient Greek: νεῶν κατάλογος, neōn katálogos) is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the names of the leaders of each contingent, lists the settlements in the kingdom represented by the contingent, sometimes with a descriptive epithet that fills out a half-verse or articulates the flow of names and parentage and place, and gives the number of ships required to transport the men to Troy, offering further differentiations of weightiness. A similar, though shorter, Catalogue of the Trojans and their allies follows (2.816–877). A similar catalogue appears in the Pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheca.
Lärbro
Lärbro (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlæ̂ːrbrʊ]) is a locality on the Swedish island of Gotland, with 963 inhabitants in 2014.

Lärbro is also the name of the larger populated area, socken (not to be confused with parish). It comprises the same area as the administrative Lärbro District, established on 1 January 2016.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
2010 Coupe de France final
The 2010 Coupe de France final was the 92nd final of France's most prestigious cup competition. The final took place on 1 May 2010 at the Stade de France in the Parisian suburb of Saint-Denis. The cup was won by Paris Saint-Germain with a 1–0 win against Monaco.
A Guillaume Hoarau header in extra time was the difference between the teams.

As winners, PSG were guaranteed a UEFA Europa League place for the 2010–11 season, which they claimed after finishing 13th in Ligue 1, outside the Champions League qualification places. The final was televised on France 2, the cup's main broadcaster.

2010–11 UEFA Europa League qualifying
This article details the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round.

Each tie was played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that had the higher aggregate score over the two legs progressed to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finished level, the away goals rule was applied; i.e., the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progressed. If away goals were also equal, then 30 minutes of extra time was played, divided into two 15-minute halves. The away goals rule was again applied after extra time; i.e., if there were goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score was still level, the visiting team qualified by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals were scored during extra time, the tie was decided by a penalty shootout.

All times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA.
Frans Wijffels
Franciscus Cornelis Marie (Frans) Wijffels (10 April 1899, Stratum – 22 March 1968, Delft) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) and its successor the Catholic People's Party (KVP).

Wijffels was Minister of Social Affairs in the third Gerbrandy cabinet and also a member of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Roman Catholic State Party
The Roman Catholic State Party (Dutch: Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij, RKSP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1926 as a continuation of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. During its entire existence, the party was in government. In 1945 the party became the Catholic People's Party (KVP).
USS Dahlgren (DD-187)
USS Dahlgren (DD-187/AG-91) was a Clemson-class destroyer which served in the United States Navy during World War II. Entering service in 1920, the ship had a brief active life before being placed in reserve in 1922. Reactivated in 1932, Dahlgren remained in service mainly as a test ship until 1945. She was sold for scrapping in 1946. She was named for Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren (1809–1870), and was the second ship of three which served in the US Navy to receive the name.

John A. Dahlgren
John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren (November 13, 1809 – July 12, 1870) was a United States Navy officer who founded his service's Ordnance Department and launched significant advances in gunnery.

Dahlgren devised a smoothbore howitzer, adaptable for many sizes of craft and shore installations. He then introduced a cast-iron muzzle-loading cannon with vastly increased range and accuracy, known as the Dahlgren gun, that became the U.S. Navy's standard armament.

In the Civil War, Dahlgren was made commander of the Washington Navy Yard, where he established the Bureau of Ordnance. In 1863, he took command of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron at the rank of rear admiral. He helped William Tecumseh Sherman secure Savannah, Georgia.
Robert Arbuthnot (auditor)
Robert Arbuthnot, Auditor of the Exchequer in Scotland, (1669 in Inverbervie – 4 August 1727 in London) was also sometime manager of Lord Stair's business affairs.

On 16 May 1709 John Philp and Robert Arbuthnot received a commission from the King as joint Auditors, without power of deputation.

He died in Lord Stair's house in Hanover Square, London.

After his death his brother Dr John Arbuthnot was requested to be present at the opening of his papers "to see if it were worth while for his wife, Elizabeth Arbuthnot, (a daughter of James Carnegie of Craigo) who was then in Scotland, to administer to him" (i.e.: be executor of his estate).

Hanover Square, London
Hanover Square is a green square in Mayfair, Westminster, south west of Oxford Circus where Oxford Street meets Regent Street. Six streets converge on the square which include Harewood Place with links to Oxford Street, Princes Street, Hanover Street, Saint George Street, Brook Street and Tenderden Street, linking  to Bond Street and Oxford Street.
Japanese financial system
The main elements of Japan's financial system are much the same as those of other major industrialized nations: a commercial banking system, which accepts deposits, extends loans to businesses, and deals in foreign exchange; specialized government-owned financial institutions, which fund various sectors of the domestic economy; securities companies, which provide brokerage services, underwrite corporate and government securities, and deal in securities markets; capital markets, which offer the means to finance public and private debt and to sell residual corporate ownership; and money markets, which offer banks a source of liquidity and provide the Bank of Japan with a tool to implement monetary policy.

Deposit account
A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money. Deposit accounts can be savings accounts, current accounts or any of several other types of accounts explained below.

Transactions on deposit accounts are recorded in a bank's books, and the resulting balance is recorded as a liability of the bank and represents an amount owed by the bank to the customer. In other words, the banker-customer (depositor) relationship is one of debtor-creditor. Some banks charge fees for transactions on a customer's account. Additionally, some banks pay customers interest on their account balances.
Joel Stoffer
Joel Stoffer is an American actor. He is known for his role as Enoch on the television show Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2017–2020), and has also appeared in films such as Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) and The One (2001).

The One (2001 film)
The One is a 2001 American science fiction action film directed by James Wong, and written by Wong and Glen Morgan. It stars Jet Li, Delroy Lindo, Carla Gugino, and Jason Statham, with action choreography by Corey Yuen. The film, which deals with the concept of multiverses and interdimensional travel, follows Gabriel Yulaw (Jet Li), a rogue agent who travels to parallel realities in order to kill other versions of himself to become a mythical super-being known as "The One". Li plays a dual role as Yulaw and Gabe Law, an LASD deputy sheriff who teams up with a multiverse agent to prevent Yulaw from becoming the One.

Produced by Revolution Studios, The One was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on November 2, 2001. The film was poorly received by critics and grossed $79.6 million worldwide.
Alma, Nova Scotia
Alma is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County. It is named after the Battle of Alma which occurred in 1854 during the Crimean War. Alma has an estimated population of 290 as of 2024.

It is on Nova Scotia Trunk 4 which was formerly part of the Trans-Canada Highway until being bypassed by Nova Scotia Highway 104 in the late 1990s.

Nova Scotia Trunk 4
Trunk 4 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of Trunk Highways. The route runs from Highway 104 exit 7 near Thomson Station to Glace Bay.  Until the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, Trunk 4 was a major traffic link in northern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, and is still used on Cape Breton as an alternative to Highway 105. 
The highway was originally called the King's Highway, however, this name is no longer applied to the entire road.  The only remaining historic section of the highway that maintains the name "King" is King's Road in Sydney.
2021 Birmingham Classic – Singles
Ons Jabeur defeated Daria Kasatkina in the final, 7–5, 6–4, to win the singles tennis title at the 2021 Birmingham Classic. By winning her first career singles title on her third attempt, Jabeur became the first Tunisian and Arab woman to win a singles title on the WTA Tour.

Ashleigh Barty was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but she chose to play in Berlin instead, where she later withdrew from due to injury.

Vitalia Diatchenko
Vitalia Anatolyevna Diatchenko (Russian: Виталия Анатольевна Дьяченко, IPA: [vʲɪˈtalʲɪjə dʲjɪˈtɕenkə] ⓘ; born 2 August 1990) is a Russian tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 71, achieved on 17 November 2014. On 21 February 2011, she peaked at No. 60 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Hôtel Tubeuf
The Hôtel Tubeuf (French pronunciation: [otɛl tybœf]) is the generally used name for a hôtel particulier at 8, rue des Petits-Champs in Paris, France, now part of the Site Richelieu of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library). It was successively known as the Hôtel Duret de Chevry (1635-1641), Hôtel Tubeuf from 1641 to 1649, Palais Mazarin from 1649 to 1720, when it became the seat of John Law's Company. The latter was reorganized in 1723 as the French Indies Company and remained there until its demise in 1769. The building then became the seat of the French Treasury until 1826, when it was absorbed by the National Library.

Trésor public
The Trésor public (English: Public treasury) is the national administration of the Treasury in France. It is headed by the general directorate of public finances (Direction générale des finances publiques) in the Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry.

The Trésor Public is responsible for:

the accountancy of the state;

the control and help in the accountancy of public administrations and local governments;

the perception of direct taxes such as the income tax (the computation of those taxes is vested in a separate administration).
Reanap
Reanap, also Reanapa (cuneiform: 𒊑𒀀𒈾𒉺 ri-a-na-pa) was an ancient Egyptian commissioner, of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters, written from a 15–20 year time period. Of the 382 El-Amarna letters correspondence, Reanapa is referenced in three:

EA 292–Titled: Like a pot held in pledge,  see Adda-danu.
EA 315–Titled: "Like a command of the Sun"
EA 326–Titled: "A new commissioner"

Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of  natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated. Annotated, they have been used in corpus linguistics for statistical hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
Karomama
Karomama (also rendered Karamama, Karomat, Karoma, Karoama, Kamama) is a name for several women from Ancient Egypt most dating to the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt:

Karomama A, wife of Shoshenq I, mother of Osorkon I

Karomama (queen) B, King's Wife, King's Daughter, Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt. Daughter of Takelot I, wife of Osorkon II

Karomama C, King's Daughter of His Body, Daughter of Osorkon II and Karomama B, who may be the same as Karomama Meritmut

Karomama Meritmut, Karomama G Merytmut I, God's Wife of Amun, Lady of the Two Lands, Adoratrix. Possibly identical with Karomama C

Karomama II (Karomama D Merytmut II), Great Royal Wife, Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt. Daughter of Nimlot C and Tentsepeh. Wife of Takelot II

Karomama E, Chantress of Amun, daughter of Takelot II

Shoshenq I
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian ššnq; reigned c. 943–922 BC)—also known as Shashank or Sheshonk or Sheshonq I—was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt.
Roman Theatre, St Albans
The Roman Theatre at St Albans, Hertfordshire, England is an excavated site within the Roman walled city of Verulamium. Although there are other Roman theatres in Britain (for example at Camulodunum), the one at Verulamium is claimed to be the only example of its kind, being a theatre with a stage rather than an amphitheatre.

The theatre differs from the typical Roman theatre in being built on a site that is only slightly sloping (where possible Roman theatres took advantage of the natural terrain), and in its plan (although there are theatres with similar plans in Northern Gaul).
The theatre was built in about 140AD. Urban life continued in Verulamium into the 5th century. However, by that time the theatre had fallen into disuse.  It was used as a rubbish dump in the 4th century.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
Al-Maasara Engineering Industries
The Al-Maasara Engineering Industries Company (Egyptian Arabic: شركة المعصرة للصناعات الهندسية) or Military Factory 45 (Egyptian Arabic: مصنع 45 الحربي) is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1952 on an area of 97 acres in the al-Maasara area in Helwan, Cairo Governorate and was opened on 4 August 1954, in order to produce ammunition of various types for the benefit of the Egyptian Armed Forces, it is currently working in the field of producing meters for electricity, water, natural gas, chemicals for civil works, and light metal industries.

Electricity meter
An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, energy meter, kilowatt-hour meter, or power meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device over a time interval.

Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
David Glasner
David Glasner is an American economist who currently works at the Federal Trade Commission.

Glasner received his entire education at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), from which he received a BA in economics in 1970, MA in 1973 and PhD in 1977.  Glasner's research interests include monetary theory, law and economics, and history of economic thought. He defends an "undogmatic version of liberalism against the more extreme versions of libertarianism on the one hand and socialism and nationalistic or statist forms of conservatism on the other." Since July 2011 Glasner maintains a blog called Uneasy Money, which is subtitled, "Commentary on monetary policy in the spirit of R. G. Hawtrey."

Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
Illinois River Road
The Illinois River Road: Route of the Voyageurs is a National Scenic Byway in Central Illinois, United States.

It traverses a set of roadways on both sides of the Illinois River, primarily between Ottawa, Illinois to the north, and Havana, Illinois to the south. Along its route are nature areas, cities and towns, museums and other attractions.

The byway traverses portions of the following routes:

Interstate 180

U.S. Route 150

U.S. Route 24

U.S. Route 34

U.S. Route 6

Illinois Route 9

Illinois Route 23

Illinois Route 23

Illinois Route 26

Illinois Route 29

Illinois Route 71

Illinois Route 78

Illinois Route 116

Illinois Route 178

Illinois Route 351

Illinois Route 71
Illinois Route 71 is a 66-mile-long (106 km) southwest-to-northeast state highway in north central Illinois. It runs from the end of Interstate 180 in Hennepin to U.S. Route 34 in Oswego. This is a distance of 69.37 miles (111.64 km).