hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appeal to pity
An appeal to pity (also called argumentum ad misericordiam) is a fallacy in which someone improperly appeals to pity or similar feelings like empathy, as a method of persuading someone to agree with a conclusion. It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion. This fallacy can happen in two ways: 1) when an appeal to pity (or a similar emotion) has nothing to do with the actual point of the argument, or 2) when the emotional appeal is exaggerated or excessive compared to the situation being discussed.
Not all appeals to pity are logical fallacies. When the feelings of pity are directly related to the conclusion and help support the argument logically, they can be reasonable, such as appealing to pity when asking for help.

Pity
Pity is a sympathetic sorrow evoked by the suffering of others. The word is comparable to compassion, condolence, or empathy. It derives from the Latin pietas (etymon also of piety). Self-pity is pity directed towards oneself.

Two different kinds of pity can be distinguished, "benevolent pity" and "contemptuous pity". In the latter, through insincere, pejorative usage, pity connotes feelings of superiority, condescension, or contempt.
Airscoot
The Airscoot was a conceptualized three-wheel, two-passenger vehicle made from lightweight tubing, and powered by a 2.6bhp single-cylinder engine. Designed by Witchita-based company Aircraft Products in 1947 to be folded up and stored in a private aircraft, the vehicle weighed only 72 pounds and was 60 inches overall. Unfolded, it had a promised speed of 25 miles per hour, and a projected economy of 60 mpg‑US (3.9 L/100 km; 72 mpg‑imp), with passenger and stowage accommodations including seats for two passengers and a luggage rack in front for two suitcases.The Airscoot never made it into production.

Single-cylinder engine
A single-cylinder engine, sometimes called a thumper, is a piston engine with one cylinder. This engine is often used for motorcycles, motor scooters, motorized bicycles, go-karts, all-terrain vehicles, radio-controlled vehicles, power tools and garden machinery (such as chainsaws, lawn mowers, cultivators, and string trimmers). Single-cylinder engines are made both as 4-strokes and 2-strokes.
Lihir Gold
Lihir Gold Limited was a gold mining company with operations in Papua New Guinea, Australia and West Africa.

The company, incorporated in Papua New Guinea in June 1995, and named Lihir as its first project was to raise capital to build the Lihir Island gold mine was merged with Newcrest at the end of August 2010 (last day for trading of Lihir Gold shares was August 30, 2010). Australian economist Ross Garnaut served as Lihir's chairman from 1995 to 2010.

Merger talks were first made known in April 2010, with an announcement by Newcrest. On August 23, 2010 the A$9.5 billion takeover offer by Newcrest was approved after 99.86% of Lihir Gold Shareholders voted in favour of it. The takeover received national court of Papua New Guinea approval on August 28, 2010.

The acquisition made Newcrest the world's fifth-largest gold producer with a production of 2.8 million ounces of gold (2009 combined production of the 2 companies).

Lihir Group
Lihir Group is an island group in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, located north of New Ireland, at 3°00′00″S 152°35′00″E﻿ / ﻿3°S 152.583333°E﻿ / -3; 152.583333. It is a part of Bismarck Archipelago. Largest island of the group is Lihir (a.k.a. Niolam), other islands include: Mali, Mahur, Masahet and Sanambiet.
Braunsapis minor
Braunsapis minor is a species of bee in the family Apidae and the tribe Allodapini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1962 by entomologists Charles Duncan Michener and Ishfaq Hussain Syed.

Charles Duncan Michener
Charles Duncan Michener (September 22, 1918 – November 1, 2015) was an American entomologist born in Pasadena, California. He was a leading expert on bees, his magnum opus being The Bees of the World published in 2000.
WCKM-FM
WCKM-FM (98.5 MHz) and WDKM (92.5 MHz) are a pair of commercial FM radio stations simulcasting a classic hits format.  The stations are owned by Regional Radio Group, LLC and features news and sports from ABC Radio.

WCKM-FM is licensed to Lake George, New York, and WDKM is licensed to Poultney, Vermont.  They serve Essex, Hamilton, Saratoga, Warren and Washington Counties in New York and Rutland County, Vermont.

Lake George (village), New York
The Village of Lake George is a village within the town of Lake George in Warren County, New York, United States, located at the southern end of its namesake lake. The population was 906 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village and the surrounding area is a famous summertime tourist region and historic summer colony, which at one time included Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe.

Lake George was the county seat of Warren County until 1963, when the county seat was moved to Queensbury.
Sabiana Anestor
Sabiana Anestor (born 31 March 1994) is a Haitian judoka. She competed in the women's half lightweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She served the flag bearer with Darrelle Valsaint at the opening ceremony.

2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
During the Parade of Nations within the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, which took place on 23 July 2021, athletes and officials from each participating team entered the Olympic Stadium preceded by their flag and placard bearer. Each flag bearer will have been chosen either by the team's National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves. For the first time, each team had the option to allow two flag bearers, one male and one female, in an effort to promote gender equality.
These Olympics were postponed from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and due security measures some countries prevented their athletes to participate on event.
Francis Romney
Francis William Romney (25 November 1873 – 28 January 1963) was an  English first-class cricketer, who played four matches, all for Worcestershire in 1900; he also played for the county in Minor Counties cricket before it was raised to first-class status.

Born in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, Romney's first-class debut came against Leicestershire: he made 4 and 10 not out. In his next game against Oxford University he hit what proved to be his highest score, 20 not out (the second top score in the innings) as Worcestershire were dismissed for 121 (they went on to lose by three wickets). Poor displays against Gloucestershire and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) followed, and that was that as far as his first-class career was concerned.

Romney died in Malvern, Worcestershire, at the age of 89.

Result (cricket)
The result in a game of cricket may be a "win" for one of the two teams playing, or a "tie". In the case of a limited overs game, the game can also end with "no result" if the game cannot be finished on time (usually due to weather or bad light), and in other forms of cricket, a "draw" may be possible. Which of these results applies, and how the result is expressed, is governed by Law 16 of the laws of cricket.
HMS Crescent (1931)
HMS Crescent was a  C-class destroyer which was built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. The ship was initially assigned to the Home Fleet, although she was temporarily deployed in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the Abyssinia Crisis of 1935–36. Crescent was sold to the Royal Canadian Navy in late 1936 and renamed HMCS Fraser. She was stationed on the west coast of Canada until the beginning of World War II when she was transferred to the Atlantic coast for convoy escort duties. The ship was transferred to the United Kingdom (UK) in May 1940 and helped to evacuate refugees from France upon her arrival in early June. Fraser was sunk on 25 June 1940 in a collision with the anti-aircraft cruiser HMS Calcutta while returning from one such mission.

Anti-aircraft cruiser
An anti-aircraft cruiser (AAC) is a type of cruiser, primarily equipped with universal main caliber guns designed for anti-aircraft defense (AA) of naval formations. These ships were built or planned for construction in the navies of several countries during the 1930s to 1950s. They were actively used in battles during World War II.

The term "anti-aircraft cruiser" was rarely used in official naval classifications, effectively only for the American Atlanta-class cruisers, but experts traditionally categorize a group of light cruiser types from the United Kingdom, United States, France, Italy, and other nations as anti-aircraft cruisers.

Advancements in jet aviation and aircraft weaponry rendered large and medium-caliber anti-aircraft artillery less effective. The role of air defense ships shifted to ships equipped with surface-to-air missile systems, such as guided missile cruisers and destroyers.
Mbungu
Mbungu is a Kikongo surname and given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Mbungu Ekofa (born 1948), Congolese footballer

Serge Mputu Mbungu (born 1980), Congolese footballer

Taty Mbungu, Congolese footballer

Kongo language
Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages spoken by the Kongo people living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Angola. It is a tonal language. The vast majority of present-day speakers live in Africa. There are roughly seven million native speakers of Kongo in the above-named countries. An estimated five million more speakers use it as a second language.

Historically, it was spoken by many of those Africans who for centuries were taken captive, transported across the Atlantic,  and sold as slaves in the Americas. For this reason, creolized forms of the language are found in ritual speech of Afro-American religions, especially in Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname. It is also one of the sources of the Gullah language, which formed in the Low Country and Sea Islands of the United States Southeast, and a major source of the Palenquero language of Colombia.
Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Skolegade
Skolegade (Lit.: School Street) is a street in Aarhus, Denmark which runs north to south from Mejlgade to Mindebrogade. The street is situated in the Midtbyen neighborhood. Skolegade is home to two listed buildings and runs past the Aarhus Theater. Skolegade is an area with many bars and eateries, and it has a lively nightlife. The street is from at least medieval times with many historic buildings.

Aarhus Katedralskole
Aarhus Katedralskole is a cathedral school, an institution of secondary education, a Danish Gymnasium and a listed building in Aarhus, Denmark. The school is situated in the neighborhood Midtbyen, in the Latin Quarter, bounded by the streets Mejlgade, Kystvejen and Skolegyde. Aarhus Katedralskole offers the 3 year Matriculation examination (STX) programme with elective subjects in the natural sciences, social sciences and arts. The school is an independent self-owning institution financed by the Danish state with about 800 students divided across 30 classes.
Teknaf Upazila
Teknaf (Bengali: টেকনাফ Ṭeknaf) is an upazila of Cox's Bazar District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. It forms the southernmost point in mainland Bangladesh (St. Martin's Island is the southernmost point overall). The name of the region comes from the Naf River which forms the eastern boundary of the upazila. It shares a border with Myanmar, opposite the town of Maungdaw.

Bangladesh–Myanmar border
The Bangladesh–Myanmar border is the international border between the countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar (formerly Burma). The border stretches 271.0 kilometres (168.4 miles), from the tripoint with India in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south. About 210 km (130 mi) of the border is fenced, with the government of Myanmar announcing in 2017 that it was planning to fence off the rest of the border.

On 9 December 2024, Arakan Army captured all of the Burmese military outposts and seized control of Myanmar's border with Bangladesh after an intense battle in Maungdaw.
Zero to Infinity
Zero to Infinity (02∞) is the tenth studio album by Gong and the seventh album by the Daevid Allen version of the group, released in 2000. Like their 1992 album Shapeshifter, it continues the Gong mythology, the central part of which was formed with the Radio Gnome Trilogy of albums, comprising Flying Teapot in 1973, followed by Angel's Egg, 1973, and You in 1974.

Zero the Hero died on Shapeshifter. Zero to Infinity sees his spirit enjoying a body-free and virtual existence. During the course of this he becomes an android spheroid Zeroid. With the help of a strange animal called a gongalope, he learns that all the wisdom of the world exists within him and practices Lafta yoga and tea making. At the end he becomes one with an Invisible Temple and has much fun.

Android (robot)
An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the creation of similar robots in real life.
2013 Ethias Trophy – Doubles
Tomasz Bednarek and Jerzy Janowicz were the defending champions but decided Janowicz not to participate.
Bednarek partnered with Filip Polášek, but lost in the first round.

Jesse Huta Galung and Igor Sijsling won the title, defeating Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–2), [10–7].

Eric Butorac
Eric Butorac (born May 22, 1981), nicknamed Booty, is an American retired professional tennis player. He was a doubles specialist, and for a period of approximately six years was the No. 3 ranked American doubles player. His best result was reaching the 2014 Australian Open finals with partner Raven Klaasen. Their run to the final included a victory over the World No. 1 team of Bob and Mike Bryan.

He attended Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, where he played on the men's tennis team for one year before transferring to Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota, where he graduated in 2003.
WalterMart
WalterMart is a Filipino chain of community shopping malls owned by Abenson Ventures, Inc. and are located in Metro Manila, Central Luzon, and Calabarzon. The chain operates its anchor stores that include WalterMart Supermarket, W Department Store, Abenson Appliances and Abenson Home Furniture. Filipino retail stores, such as Watsons, and Ace Hardware, also occupy most of WalterMart's branches.

WalterMart's corporate headquarters are located in North EDSA, Quezon City.

Ace Hardware
Ace Hardware Corporation is an American hardware retailers' cooperative based in Oak Brook, Illinois, United States. It is the largest non-grocery retail cooperative in the United States.

Founded on October 25, 1924, as "Ace Stores", the company changed its name to "Ace Hardware Corporation" in 1931. It grew dramatically following World War II, more than tripling its sales between the late 1940s and 1959. After the retirement of longtime president and founder Richard Hesse in 1973, Ace was sold to its retailers, becoming a retailer-owned cooperative. It first reached $1 billion in wholesale sales in 1985 and $5 billion in 2015. As of 2019, it has over 5,200 locations in 60 countries. Ace operates 17 distribution centers in the United States, and additional distribution facilities in China, Panama, and the United Arab Emirates.
ICL DRS
The ICL DRS was a range of departmental computers from International Computers Limited (ICL). Standing originally for Distributed Resource System, the full name was later dropped in favour of the abbreviation.

During the mid-1980s separate Office Systems business units had produced a disparate range of products including IBM-compatible PCs such as the PWS (a PC/AT clone), small servers branded DRS, and various larger Unix servers sold under the Clan range. A rebranding in late 1988 pulled these together under the DRS brand, with a consistent mid-grey and peppermint-green livery.

The ICL division responsible for these systems eventually became part of the Fujitsu-Siemens joint venture.

Multiuser DOS
Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers.

An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by Digital Research and acquired and further developed by Novell in 1991. Its ancestry lies in the earlier Digital Research 8-bit operating systems CP/M and MP/M, and the 16-bit single-tasking CP/M-86 which evolved from CP/M.

When Novell abandoned Multiuser DOS in 1992, the three master value-added resellers (VARs) DataPac Australasia, Concurrent Controls and Intelligent Micro Software were allowed to take over and continued independent development into Datapac Multiuser DOS and System Manager, CCI Multiuser DOS, and IMS Multiuser DOS and REAL/32.

The FlexOS line, which evolved from Concurrent DOS 286 and Concurrent DOS 68K, was sold off to Integrated Systems, Inc. (ISI) in July 1994.
Laurent Panifous
Laurent Panifous (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɑ̃ panifus]; born 21 December 1976) is a French politician who has served as Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament in the second government of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu since 12 October 2025.

A former member of the Socialist Party, Panifous was elected to the National Assembly for the 2nd constituency of the Ariège department in the 2022 legislative election. Earlier in 2025, he was elected president of the Liberties, Independents, Overseas and Territories group in the National Assembly.

French Parliament
The French Parliament (French: Parlement français, [paʁləmɑ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ]) is the bicameral parliament of the French Fifth Republic, consisting of the Senate (Sénat) and National Assembly (Assemblée nationale). Each assembly conducts legislative sessions at separate locations in Paris: the Senate meets in the Palais du Luxembourg, the National Assembly convenes at the Palais Bourbon, both on the Rive Gauche.

Each house has its own regulations and rules of procedure. However, occasionally they may meet as a single house known as the Congress of the French Parliament (Congrès du Parlement français), convened at the Palace of Versailles, to revise and amend the Constitution of France.
Mack Rossoff
Mack Rossoff is an American financier and investment banker. He is Managing Director at GLC Advisors, LLC and the founder of Rossoff & Co., an independent financial advisory firm based in New York City. Rossoff has had a long career in investment banking, with over 39 years of experience. GLC Advisors and Rossoff & Co. operate in the United States and internationally.

Wasserstein Perella & Co.
Wasserstein Perella & Co. was a boutique investment bank established by Bruce Wasserstein, Joseph R. Perella, Bill Lambert, and Charles Ward in 1988, former bankers at First Boston Corp., until its eventual sale to Dresdner Bank in 2000 for some $1.4 billion in stock. The private equity business of the investment firm was not included in the sale and was to be sold off to existing Wasserstein shareholders.
Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
In enzymology, methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are methylmalonic acid semialdehyde, coenzyme A (CoA), and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are propionyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase (CoA-propanoylating). Other names in common use include MSDH, and MMSA dehydrogenase.  This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and propanoate metabolism.

Propionic acid
Propionic acid (/proʊpiˈɒnɪk/, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H. It is an oily liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell. The anion CH3CH2CO−2 as well as the salts and esters of propionic acid are known as propionates or propanoates.

About half of the world production of propionic acid is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers.
Mike Kellar
Mike Kellar is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach for West Virginia Wesleyan College, a position he had held since 2025. Kellar previously served as the head football coach at Concord University in Athens, West Virginia (2009–2010), California University of Pennsylvania (2012–2015), Lenoir–Rhyne University in Hickory, North Carolina (2016–2017), and Glenville State University in Glenville, West Virginia (2019–2025).

Hickory, North Carolina
Hickory is a city in western North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County. The 25th most populous city in the state, it is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte.

Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 368,347 in the 2022 census, and is included in the larger  Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3,387,115 in 2022.

In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes ranked the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was described by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as the most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S.