hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charley's Trace
Charley's Trace is a former Native American trail to the Mississippi River.

Charley's Trace (also spelled Charlie's Trace) is possibly named for a Choctaw trader who operated a steamboat fueling station near Clarksdale in the 1820s. There is some evidence that Hernando de Soto used Charley's Trace to reach the Mississippi River on May 8, 1541. After the Mississippi Territory was open to settlement, Charley's Trace connected to other roads such as Gaines Trace and was used by outlaws who operated in the Mississippi Delta.

Charley's Trace is possibly depicted on the Baron de Crenay's 1733 map of Louisiana. The 1755 Mitchell Map may also depict Charley's Trace (labeled as "Route of Colonel Welch to the Mississippi River in 1698, since followed by our Traders").

A historical marker was placed by the Chakchiuma Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution on February 20, 1926. The marker was replaced with a newer one on May 21, 1955. No marker exists at the site today.

Mitchell Map
The Mitchell Map is a map made by John Mitchell (1711–1768), which was reprinted several times during the second half of the 18th century. The map, formally titled A map of the British and French dominions in North America &c., was used as a primary map source during negotiations for the 1783  Treaty of Paris for defining the boundaries of the newly independent United States. The map remained important for resolving border disputes between the United States and Canada as recently as the 1980s dispute over the Gulf of Maine fisheries. The Mitchell Map is the most comprehensive map of eastern North America made during the colonial era. Its size is about 6.5 feet (2.0 m) wide by 4.5 feet (1.4 m) high.
First Keating ministry
The first Keating ministry (Labor) was the 58th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 24th Prime Minister, Paul Keating. The first Keating ministry succeeded the fourth Hawke ministry, which dissolved on 20 December 1991 following the successful leadership challenge by Keating and subsequent resignation of Bob Hawke as Prime Minister. The ministry was replaced by the second Keating ministry on 24 March 1993 following the 1993 federal election.

December 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill
A leadership spill of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), the party of government in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 19 December 1991, the second spill in a year. Backbencher and former treasurer Paul Keating defeated Prime Minister Bob Hawke, who had led Labor for eight and a half years.
Shelton, Nebraska
Shelton is a village in Buffalo and Hall counties, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Kearney, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,059 at the 2010 census. It is located west of Grand Island along both the Union Pacific Railroad and U.S. Route 30. Nebraska Link 10-D connects Shelton with Interstate 80.

Interstate 80 in Nebraska
Interstate 80 (I-80) in the US state of Nebraska runs east from the Wyoming state border across the state to Omaha. Construction of the stretch of I-80 spanning the state was completed on October 19, 1974. Nebraska was the first state in the nation to complete its mainline Interstate Highway System.

I-80 has over 80 exits in Nebraska; according to The New York Times there are several notable tourist attractions along Nebraska's section of I-80. It is the only Interstate Highway to travel from one end of Nebraska to another, as the state has no major north–south Interstate route. Except for a three-mile-long (4.8 km) portion of I-76 near the Colorado state line, I-80 is the only primary (two-digit) Interstate Highway in Nebraska.
1981 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1981 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 46th staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 16 August 1981 at Páirc Mac Gearailt in Fermoy, between Kildorrery and Glanmire, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kildorrery won the match by 0-10 to 0-08 to claim their first ever championship title.

Fermoy
Fermoy (Irish: Mainistir Fhear Maí, meaning 'monastery of the men of the plain') is a town on the River Blackwater in east County Cork, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town and environs had a population of approximately 6,700 people. It is located in the historical barony of Condons and Clangibbon, and is in the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

The town's name is of Irish origin and refers to a Cistercian abbey founded in the 13th century. This abbey is believed to have been founded by Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond.
J. Lewis Ingles
James Lewis Ingles (1876 – January 2, 1936) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI)—now known as Virginia Tech—for one season in 1898, compiling a record of 3–2.  He was also an alumnus of Virginia Tech. Prior to that, he served as the head coach at Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia in 1897.

Roanoke College
Roanoke College is a private liberal arts college in Salem, Virginia. It has approximately 2,000 students who represent approximately 40 states and 30 countries. The college offers 35 majors, 57 minors and concentrations, and pre-professional programs. Roanoke awards bachelor's degrees in arts, science, and business administration and is one of 280 colleges with a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.

Roanoke is an NCAA Division III school competing in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. The college fields varsity teams in eleven men's and ten women's sports. Roanoke's athletic nickname is Maroons and the mascot is Rooney, a maroon-tailed hawk.
Carrot River Valley
Carrot River Valley is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in the east central area of Saskatchewan, this constituency was created by The Representation Act, 1994 (Saskatchewan) out of the former district of Kelsey-Tisdale and part of the riding of Nipawin. The Carrot River flows through the riding.

The riding was last contested in the 2020 general election, when incumbent Saskatchewan Party MLA Fred Bradshaw was re-elected.

The largest population centers in the constituency are Nipawin (pop. 4,275), Tisdale (pop. 3,063), Hudson Bay (pop. 1,783), and Carrot River (pop. 1,017). Smaller communities in the riding include the villages of Codette, Zenon Park, Aylsham, Mistatim, and Crooked River; and the town of Arborfield.

Codette
Codette (2016 population: 198) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Nipawin No. 487 and Census Division No. 14. The village is located 10 km south of Nipawin at the junction of Highway 35 and Highway 789.
Koga, Buner
Koga is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Buner District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Buner has 6 Tehsils i.e. Daggar, Chagharzai, Chamla, Khudu Khel, Gagra and Gadezai. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 27 union councils in Buner District.

Chagharzai
The Chagharzais or Chagarzais are a division of the Malaizai clan of the Yousafzai tribe. Colonel Harold Carmichael Wylly, 1858–1932, a British military historian described these people in the following words:

The Yousafzai is an agriculturist, generally fine, well-limbed man, of a good physique and appearance with great deal of race-pride, well dressed and cheery, while his hospitality is proverbial.
Lawrence County
Lawrence County is the name of eleven counties in the United States.
All but the one in South Dakota were named for the U.S. naval hero of the War of 1812, Captain James Lawrence, with the one in Pennsylvania doing this indirectly as it's named after the ship named in his honor, the USS Lawrence.

Lawrence County, Alabama

Lawrence County, Arkansas

Lawrence County, Illinois

Lawrence County, Indiana

Lawrence County, Kentucky

Lawrence County, Mississippi

Lawrence County, Missouri

Lawrence County, Ohio

Lawrence County, Pennsylvania

Lawrence County, South Dakota

Lawrence County, Tennessee

Lawrence County, Tennessee
Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee, in the southwestern part of Middle Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,159. Its county seat and largest city is Lawrenceburg. Lawrence County comprises the Lawrenceburg, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN Combined Statistical Area.
Bosphorus Rally
The Bosphorus Rally (also called Istanbul Rally, Fiat Rally, Rally of Turkey and Günaydin Rally) is a rally event, held near Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the first international rally events in Turkey. The first Bosphorus Rally was held in 1972. The rally was regular part of the European Rally Championship since its first incarnation and was also included in the Intercontinental Rally Challenge calendar.

The Bosphorus Rally was also called Rally of Turkey for a while. However, the Rally of Turkey which became a round from the World Rally Championship has HQ in Antalya and thus it's completely different from the Bosphorus Rally.

The Rally is not to be confused with the Boğaziçi Rallisi, held since 1975, also called Bosphorus Rally in some editions.

European Rally Championship
The European Rally Championship (officially FIA European Rally Championship) is an automobile rally competition held annually on the European continent and organized by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
The championship has been organized since 1953 and has competed in different European countries, alternating between rallies on asphalt and gravel. It was the first supranational rally championship that was organized in the world and therefore the oldest one. In 2012 it had 60 editions and in 2013 it was renewed with the merger with the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.
Shahrizor Eyalet
Shahrizor Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة شهرزور, Ottoman Turkish: ایالت شهر زور, romanized: Eyālet-i Šehr-i Zōr) was a semi-independent eyalet in Ottoman Iraq (hıtta-i Irakiyye), covering the area of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
2022 Udmurtia State Council election
The 2022 State Council of the Udmurt Republic election took place on 9–11 September 2022, on common election day, coinciding with the head election. All 60 seats in the State Council were up for reelection.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Kastraki (lake)
Lake Kastraki (Greek: Λίμνη Καστρακίου) is an artificial lake near Kastraki in Aetolia-Acarnania, western Greece. The lake is drained by the river Acheloos, and fed by the rivers Acheloos and Inachos. It was formed by the Kastraki Dam, completed in 1969. Its area is about 28 km2 and its maximum capacity is 950,000,000 m³ of water. It is used for the generation of hydroelectric power by DEI.

Stratos, Greece
Stratos (Greek: Στράτος, Latin: Stratus, Aromanian: Sorovigli) is a settlement in central Aetolia-Acarnania, Western Greece. It is best known for its remains of the namesake ancient Greek city and capital of Acarnania, which lie on a hillside about 500m north of the modern village.

Stratos is situated on the right bank of the river Acheloos, 9 km northwest of the town of Agrinio. The area north of Stratos is mountainous, whereas the south is flat. It is now an Aromanian village and a municipal unit of the  Agrinio municipality.
Cimicomorpha
The Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. The rostrum and other morphology of some members apparently is adapted to feeding on animals as their prey or hosts.  Members include bed bugs, bat bugs, assassin bugs, and pirate bugs.

The two infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha have very similar characteristics, possibly as a result of the evolution of plant feeding. The key similarity that unites the Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha is the loss of the arolia (adhesive pads) on the pretarsi of the insects. These two infraorders comprise 90% of Heteroptera species.

These insects are a part of the old, informal classification of “Geocorisae” (land bugs). Among these bugs, parental care has evolved several times. Parental care varies from brooding of the eggs by the female, to a more active form that involves protection of young against predators and the female covering the nymphs under her body.

Rostrum (anatomy)
Rostrum (from Latin rostrum, meaning beak) is a term used in anatomy for several kinds of hard, beak-like structures projecting out from the head or mouth of an animal. Despite some visual similarity, many of these are phylogenetically unrelated structures in widely varying species.
Warus Quta (Larecaja)
Warus Quta (Aymara warusa grey-brown, quta lake, "grey-brown lake", also spelled Barros Kota) is a lake in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Warus Quta lies south-east of the mountains Wiluyu Janq'u Uma and Yapuchañani and north-east of Uma Jalanta.

Yapuchañani
Yapuchañani (Aymara yapuchaña to cultivate land, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with cultivated land", also spelled Yapuchanani) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,526 metres (18,130 ft) high. It is located in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. It lies northeast of Misk'i T'ant'a and Uma Jalanta, east of Janq'u Uma and Janq'u Piti and southeast of Wiluyu Janq'u Uma (or Wiluyu).
Twywell Gullet
Twywell Gullet is a 17.1-hectare (42-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Kettering in Northamptonshire. It is part of the 54.6 hectare Twywell Hills and Dales nature reserve, which is managed by a partnership of the Woodland Trust and the Rockingham Forest Trust. The site is in turn a small part of the former royal hunting Rockingham Forest.

Twywell Gullet is a former ironstone quarry which has deep cuttings with steeply sloping banks. It has species-rich limestone grassland on the slopes and ponds and scrub in the bottoms. There are a number of uncommon ground nesting bees and wasps, and beetles include the nationally rare ruddy darter. There is a large pond which has a large reedbed and many great crested newts.

Footpaths go through the site but there is no access to some steeply sloping areas.

Kettering
Kettering is a market and industrial town in the North Northamptonshire district of Northamptonshire, England. It lies 45 miles (72 km) west of Cambridge, 31 miles (50 km) south-west of Peterborough, 28 miles (45 km) south-east of Leicester and 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Northampton; it is west of the River Ise, a tributary of the River Nene. The name means "the place (or territory) of Ketter's people (or kinsfolk)".

At the 2021 census, Kettering had a population of 63,150. It is part of the East Midlands, along with the rest of Northamptonshire.
Welfare in Romania
Social welfare (Romanian: ajutor social) in Romania is coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Protection. The system is funded from the state budget. There are roughly fifty types of welfare a Romanian citizen can receive. In 2015, it was estimated that 7 million Romanians receive some form of welfare benefits. In 2017, the budget granted for social welfare at the ministerial level was of 35.71 billion lei (€8.5 billion).

Romanian leu
The Romanian leu (Romanian pronunciation: [lew], plural lei [lej]; ISO code: RON; numeric code: 946) is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 bani (Romanian pronunciation: [banʲ], singular: ban [ban]), a word that also means "money" in the Romanian language.
Arsenius Stadnitsky
Metropolitan Arsenius (Russian: Митрополит Арсений, secular name Avksenty Georgievich Stadnitsky; 3 February 1862, Komarovo, Bessarabia – 10 February 1936, Tashkent) was a Soviet Eastern Orthodox prelate who helped lead the church in the late Imperial and early Soviet periods. He was a member of the Holy Governing Synod from 1906 and a candidate for Patriarch of All Rus' in 1917.

He was Bishop of Pskov from 1903 to 1910, Archbishop of Novgorod from 1910 to 1917, when that office was elevated to a metropolitanate. He continued as Metropolitan of Novgorod until 1933, when he was named Metropolitan of Tashkent and Turkestan (he was exiled to Central Asia by the Soviet authorities at that time). He died in Tashkent on 10 February 1936.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Woodlands Police Division
1°25′59.28″N 103°46′44.62″E﻿ / ﻿1.4331333°N 103.7790611°E﻿ / 1.4331333; 103.7790611
The Woodlands Police Division (or  'L' Division) is one of the seven, and the most recent, land divisions of the Singapore Police Force. The headquarters of this division began operations on 25 November 2018 at a newly constructed building along Woodlands Street 12.

Woodlands Division comprises five Neighbourhood Police Centres (NPC) and four Neighbourhood Police Posts (NPP). The five NPCs are Woodlands West, Woodlands East, Yishun North, Yishun South and Sembawang. Located in the north of Singapore, Woodlands Division serves residents living and working in Woodlands, Sembawang and Yishun. It also oversees policing resources at Woodlands Checkpoint and Tuas Checkpoint until the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) took over all policing resources on 3 January 2023.

Immigration and Checkpoints Authority
The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) is a law enforcement agency within the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the border control agency responsible for frontline border control operations at air, sea and rail ports in Singapore.

ICA was formed on 1 April 2003 after the restructuring of the preceding agencies responsible for customs and immigration control, the Singapore Immigration and Registration (SIR) and the Customs and Excise Department (CED). It is accountable directly to the MHA, which is under the purview of the Government of Singapore and its relevant ministers.

Its responsibilities include immigration and customs controls and the screening of passengers, freight and port staff at the country's rail, air and sea ports, as well as dozens of smaller airstrips, ports and marinas. In addition, their duties also include counter-terrorism, part of which is to detect and deter the illicit importation of radioactive and nuclear material by terrorists or criminals.
California Poet Laureate
The California Poet Laureate is the poet laureate for the state of California.   In 2001, Governor Gray Davis created the official position.  Each poet laureate for the State of California is appointed by the Governor of California for a term of two years and must be confirmed by the senate.  Previous to Governor Davis' action in creating the position, the title was unofficial and the position was held for life.  The program is run by the California Arts Council.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Ian Beck
Ian Archibald Beck (born 17 August 1947 in Hove) is an English children's illustrator and author.  In addition to his numerous children's books, he is also known for his cover illustration on Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album. More than a million copies of his books have been sold worldwide. Beck was Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1999.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Euphrosynos
Euphrosynos (Greek: Ευφρόσυνος; fl. 16th century) was a Greek Renaissance painter. He was a priest and influenced by Byzantine art and the early Cretan school.  Five of his works have survived, all of them are in Greece.  His technique resembled the works of Andreas Pavias, Angelos Akotantos, and Andreas Ritzos.  Euphrosynos may have been a member of the prominent Klontzas family.  His paintings of the Virgin Mary and Jesus are typical Cretan school paintings.  His Jesus painting resembles Pavias's painting Christ Pantocrator.  All of his works are at Mount Athos in the Dionysiou Monastery.  They decorate the iconostasis. Fragkos Katelanos and Theophanes the Cretan were also working at Mount Athos around the same period.

Greek scholars in the Renaissance
The migration waves of Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 are considered by many scholars key to the revival of Greek studies that led to the development of Renaissance humanism and science. These émigrés brought to Western Europe the relatively well-preserved remnants and accumulated knowledge of their own (Greek) civilization, which had mostly not survived the Early Middle Ages in the West. The Encyclopædia Britannica claims: "Many modern scholars also agree that the exodus of Greeks to Italy as a result of this event marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance," although few scholars date the start of the Italian Renaissance this late.