hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faroe–Shetland Channel
The Faroe–Shetland Channel is stretch of the North Atlantic lying between the two island groups of Shetland and the Faroe Islands.  The channel is a rift basin that separates the Scottish and the Faroese continental shelves, and has a maximum depth of 1900 m, compared to the surrounding seabed which mostly lies at 200 m. It was first noted by Charles Wyville Thomson during the mid-nineteenth century.

Strategically, the channel forms part of the GIUK gap.

GIUK gap
The GIUK gap (sometimes written G-I-UK) is an area in the northern Atlantic Ocean that forms a naval choke point. Its name is an initialism for Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom, the gap being the two stretches of open ocean among these three landmasses. It separates the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea from the open Atlantic Ocean. The term is typically used in relation to military topics. The area has been considered strategically important since the beginning of the 20th century.
Paracheloïtae (Aetolia)
Paracheloïtae or Paracheloitai or Paracheloitas  (Greek: Παραχελωίτας - meaning "near the Achelous") was a town in ancient Aetolia. The town, near the Achelous River, gave name to the fertile plain adjoining it: Paracheloïtis (Παραχελωῖτις). Apparently, this was older than the town of the same name in Thessaly, as Strabo relates that there, too was a river named Acheolous with giving name to a town.

Although the Paracheloïtis is located as the lower flood plain of the modern Achelous River, the site of a town is not given.

Ancient Thessaly
Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: Θεσσαλία, Thessalía or Θετταλία, Thettalía) was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic.
Piano Sonata No. 10 (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 10 in C major, K. 330 / 300h, is one of the three works in the cycle of piano sonatas K.330-331-332. The sonata was composed in 1783, when Mozart was 27 years old. It was published, with the other two sonatas by Artaria in 1784. A typical performance of this sonata lasts around twenty minutes.

The work is one of Mozart's most popular piano sonatas, and has been featured in classical music-related films, such as Sparky's Magic Piano.  Mozart's autograph of the sonata is held in the Jagiellonian Library, Kraków.

Artaria
Artaria & Co. (Italian pronunciation: [artaˈriːa]) was one of the most important music publishing firms of the late 18th and 19th century. Founded in the 18th century in Vienna, the company is associated with many leading names of the classical era.
Mirza Ali Kandi
Mirza Ali Kandi (Persian: ميرزاعلي كندي, also Romanized as Mīrzā ‘Alī Kandī; also known as Marzā ‘Alī Kandī, Merzā ‘Alī Kandī, Mizārli Kand, Mizārli Kandi, and Mizarli-Kendy) is a village in Ozomdel-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 271, in 57 families.

The village was damaged in the 2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes.

2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes
The 2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes – also known as the Ahar earthquakes – occurred on 11 August 2012, at 16:53 Iran Standard Time, near the cities of Ahar and Varzaqan in Iran's East Azerbaijan province, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Tabriz. They comprised a doublet separated by eleven minutes, with magnitudes of 6.4 and 6.2 Mww. At least 306 people died and more than 3,000 others were injured, primarily in the rural and mountainous areas to the northeast of Tabriz (though 45 died in the city of Ahar). The shocks were felt in Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, though no major damage was reported.
Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.

Planar process
The planar process is a manufacturing process used in the semiconductor industry to build individual components of a transistor, and in turn, connect those transistors together. It is the primary process by which silicon integrated circuit chips are built, and it is the most commonly used method of producing junctions during the manufacture of semiconductor devices. The process utilizes the surface passivation and thermal oxidation methods.

The planar process was developed at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959 and process proved to be one of the most important single advances in semiconductor technology.
Ernst Friedrich von Ockel
Ernst Friedrich Ockel (then von Ockel zu Salwitz) was Lutheran theologian, writer and politician from the duchy of Courland (Latvia), born 16 November 1742, in Mengeringhausen (Waldeck).

Son of a Lutheran minister and school rector in Mengeringhausen, studied in the Halle University.

Returning to Waldeck as an education specialist, he was entrusted by princess Carlotta-Sophia with the education of her son Ludwig.

Appointed in 1767 as Master of court of the duchy of Courland, he was made prior of the Kandava diocese (1780), then became main preacher of Mitau (in the Trinity Church) and superintendent of the duchy (1785). After graduating (1792) from Greifswald University as a doctor in theology, he chaired the Consistory of Courland as from 1806.

He died in Mitau (22 March 1816).

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Western carp gudgeon
The Western carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris klunzingeri) is a species of freshwater Gobiiform fish endemic to southeastern Australia. H. klunzingeri is a social species that forms loose shoals within slow moving waters of the Murray–Darling, Lake Eyre & North-East coast drainage basins. All Hypseleotris species are opportunistic predators with a diet primarily made up of aquatic invertebrates such as Insect Larvae, freshwater Plankton and small crustaceans.

Despite their common name, carp gudgeon are in no way related to carp (Cyprinus carpio) or other members of the family Cyprinidae.

Carp
The term carp (pl.: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized quarries and are valued (even commercially cultivated) as both food and ornamental fish in many parts of the Old World, they are considered trash fish and invasive pests in many parts of Africa, Australia and most of the United States.
Papua New Guinea women's national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea women's national rugby league team, also known as the PNG Orchids represents Papua New Guinea in Women's rugby league. They are administered by the Papua New Guinea Rugby Football League.

Parramatta Eels Women
Parramatta Eels Women are a rugby league team, representing the Parramatta region of Sydney. The team is part of the Parramatta Eels club and plays in the National Rugby League Women's Premiership. The club announced their first player signings in late June 2021.
Old Stock (film)
Old Stock is a 2012 Canadian romantic comedy-drama film, directed by James Genn.

The film stars Noah Reid as Stock Burton, a young man who has spent two years acting as if he were already elderly, living with his grandfather Harold (Danny Wells) in a retirement home, to escape the disapproval of the community after having been unwittingly responsible for an accident that disrupted his high school graduating prom. One day he meets and connects with Patti (Melanie Leishman), a woman who is teaching dance classes at the senior's home as community service after being found guilty of pyromania, who may finally provide the impetus for Stock to move out of the retirement home and start living life as a young man again.

Community service
Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice sanctions with community service; there may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from volunteering.
McLaren MP4-27
The McLaren MP4-27 is a Formula One racing car designed by Vodafone McLaren Mercedes for the 2012 Formula One season. The chassis was designed by Paddy Lowe, Neil Oatley, Tim Goss, Andrew Bailey and John Iley and was powered by a customer Mercedes-Benz engine. The car was driven by former World Champions Jenson Button and Lewis Hamilton. It was launched on 1 February at the McLaren team base in Woking, Surrey, ahead of the first winter test sessions at Jerez de la Frontera.  This was the last McLaren car that Lewis Hamilton drove for the team, as he moved to the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team in 2013. This was also the last McLaren Formula One car to win a race until the McLaren MCL35M did so in 2021 and the last to win more than one Grand Prix in a season until the MCL38 of 2024.

The car achieved 7 wins, 8 poles and third place in the Constructors' Championship in 2012.

2012 Canadian Grand Prix
The 2012 Canadian Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Grand Prix du Canada 2012) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 10 June 2012 at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The 70-lap race was the seventh round of the 2012 Formula One season, and the first of two North American rounds. It was the 49th Canadian Grand Prix, and the 33rd to be held at the circuit since its début on the calendar in 1978. Sebastian Vettel started the race from pole.

Lewis Hamilton went on to win his first race of the year, becoming the seventh different driver to win in as many races, a record for a single Formula One season. The podium was completed by Lotus' Romain Grosjean and Sergio Pérez of Sauber, with both drivers scoring their second overall podium each thus far.
Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story
Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story is a 2009 biographical television drama film directed and co-produced by Thomas Carter, written by John Pielmeier, and starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Kimberly Elise and Aunjanue Ellis. The film is based on the autobiography of neurosurgeon (and later politician) Ben Carson, which was co-written by Cecil Murphey and published under the same title in 1990. A Johnson & Johnson Spotlight Presentation, the movie premiered on TNT on Saturday, February 7, 2009.

Gooding Jr. was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie. Carter was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Television Film. The film additionally received a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination for Best Movie/Miniseries and four Creative Arts Emmy Award nominations.

Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
The Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Limited Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in Miniseries or Television Movie.

In this category four actors have received two awards each, Paul Giamatti (John Adams, Too Big to Fail), Al Pacino (Angels in America, You Don't Know Jack), Gary Sinise (Truman, George Wallace), and Mark Ruffalo (The Normal Heart, I Know This Much Is True).
Mañalac
Mañalac is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bamboo Mañalac (born 1976), Filipino musician, singer and songwriter

Maryann Corpus-Mañalac (born 1966), Filipino associate justice of the Sandiganbayan

Bamboo Mañalac
Francisco Gaudencio Lope Belardo Mañalac (Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐɲaˈlɐk]; born March 21, 1976), popularly known as Bamboo Mañalac or simply by the mononym Bamboo, is a Filipino musician, singer, and songwriter. He began his career as vocalist and original frontman of Rivermaya and later fronted his own band, Bamboo. Bamboo band disbanded in 2011 and Mañalac then pursued a solo career and released his first solo album, No Water, No Moon.

Mañalac is known for his distinct vocals, which combines elements of rock with a mellow technique; he also has a notably eccentric style in live performances. His musical and singing style as well as his band's polished sound have made him an icon in the Philippine music industry.
Maria al-Qibtiyya
Māriyya bint Shamʿūn al Qibtiyyah, better known as Māriyyah al-Qibṭiyyah or al-Qubṭiyya (Arabic: مارية القبطية), or Maria the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was given as a slave to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a gift in 628 by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Sasanian occupation. It is a subject of speculation if she married Muhammad or continued to be a concubine. 
She spent the rest of her life in Medina, and had a son, Ibrahim, with Muhammad. The son died in his infancy, aged 2, and she died almost five years later.

Al-Maqrizi says that she was a native of Hebenu (Coptic: ⲧϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ, Koine Greek: Ἀλάβαστρων πόλις Alábastrōn pólis, Arabic: الحفن, romanized: al-Khafn), a village located near Antinoöpolis.

Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: المقريزي, full name Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī, تقي الدين أحمد بن علي بن عبد القادر بن محمد المقريزي; 1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt.
Duchy of Cornwall Act 1812
The Duchy of Cornwall Act 1812 (52 Geo. 3. c. 123) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a public general Act. It was omitted from the third revised edition of the statutes because of its local and personal nature.

This Act was partly in force in Great Britain at the end of 2010.

The whole Act, except sections 6 to 9, was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Part IV of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1978.

Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1978
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1978 (c. 45) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The act was partly in force in Great Britain at the end of 2010.

The act implemented recommendations contained in the ninth report on statute law revision, by the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.
Akkuly
Akkuly (Kazakh: Аққулы; Russian: Аккулы), formerly known as Lebyazhye (Лебяжье) until 1999 and then renamed Akku (Аққу) until 2018, is a settlement in Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan. It is the capital of Akkuly District and the administrative center of the Akkuly Rural District (KATO code —  555230100). Population: 2,940 (2009 census results); 3,645 (1999 census results).

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
2013 BET Hip Hop Awards
The 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards was held on October 15, 2013 at Atlanta Civic Center in the ATL. Snoop Dogg was the event's host for the first time. Kendrick Lamar leads the nominations with 14. Drake had the second most at 13, while J. Cole picked up 10 nods. Kendrick Lamar won the most awards with 5 wins.

There was some controversy as Toronto battle rapper Charron won Freestyle Friday's March Mayhem Tournament, which guaranteed him a spot in the 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards cypher as one of the prizes for his victory. However, once it came time to film the cyphers, Charron was excluded. He responded with the "BET Cypher Verse" where he disses BET, Murda Mook, Gucci Mane, Soulja Boy, Lil Twist, Rick Ross, Kendrick Lamar and Chief Keef, among others.

Started from the Bottom
"Started from the Bottom" is a song by Canadian hip hop recording artist Drake, released as the first single from his third studio album Nothing Was the Same. The song was written by Drake, Michael Coleman, and Noah "40" Shebib, and it was produced by Coleman under his stage name Mike Zombie, with additional production by Shebib. It features a sample of the ambient piece "Ambessence Piano & Drones 1" by Bruno Sanfilippo. "Started from the Bottom" peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100.
Kalat, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Kalat (Persian: كلات, also Romanized as Kalāt) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 8 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Poshtkuh Rural District (Falard County)
Poshtkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پشتكوه) is in Emamzadeh Hasan District of Falard County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darreh Namdari. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Sukhteh.
Codrescu
Codrescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrei Codrescu (born 1946), Romanian-born American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator

Constantin Codrescu (1931–2022), Romanian actor

Andrei Codrescu
Andrei Codrescu (Romanian pronunciation: [anˈdrej koˈdresku]; born December 20, 1946) is a Romanian-born American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator for National Public Radio. He is the winner of the Peabody Award for his film Road Scholar and the Ovid Prize for poetry. He was the MacCurdy Distinguished Professor of English at Louisiana State University from 1984 until his retirement in 2009.
1982 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1982 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 23rd conference playoff in league history and 30th season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The tournament was played between March 4 and March 14, 1982. First round and semifinal games were played at home team campus sites while the championship match was held at the Winter Sports Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota. By winning the tournament, Wisconsin received the WCHA's automatic bid to the 1982 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

This as the first WCHA tournament held after the defection of four conference schools to the CCHA.

Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey
The Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin–Madison in Madison, Wisconsin. The team plays at the Kohl Center and is currently coached by Mike Hastings. The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference.

The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and 11 conference tournament titles. They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men's ice hockey tournament, advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times. The team's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history.

Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2–1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
James David Christie
James David Christie (born 1952) is an American classical organist and teacher.  Until accusations of sexual misconduct emerged in August 2018, he was Chair and Professor of Organ at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, Distinguished Artist in Residence at the College of the Holy Cross, and College Organist at Wellesley College.  He has been a frequent organist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra since 1978, and has made several commercial recordings.  Former employers include Boston Conservatory of Music, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and Boston University.

Oberlin Conservatory of Music
The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is a private music conservatory of Oberlin College, a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was founded in 1865 and is the second oldest conservatory and oldest continually operating conservatory in the United States. It is one of the few American conservatories to be completely attached to a liberal arts college, allowing students the opportunity to pursue degrees in both music and a traditional liberal arts subject via a five-year double-degree program. Like the rest of Oberlin College, the student body of the conservatory is almost exclusively undergraduate.
Wensley Bond
Wensley Bond (1742–1820) was an Irish Anglican priest in the second half of the 18th century and the first two decades of the 19th.

Bond was born in County Longford and educated at Trinity College, Dublin
 He held livings at Sligo and Clough. He was Dean of Ross from 1743 until 1772. Bond was also Prebendary of Termonbarry in Elphin Cathedral from 1774 to 1775. and Treasurer of Ferns Cathedral from 1776 until his death.

St Mary's Cathedral, Elphin
St Mary's Cathedral, Elphin, is a former cathedral in Ireland.

It was formerly the cathedral of the Diocese of Elphin, and then a joint cathedral in Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh. It was founded by St. Patrick and destroyed during the Rebellion of 1641. It was rebuilt during the time of Bishop John Parker. It has lain ruined since 1957.
German submarine U-259
German submarine U-259 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 March 1941 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack, launched on 30 December 1941, and commissioned on 18 February 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Klaus Köpke. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-259 was transferred to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, based at La Pallice, France, for front-line service from 1 September 1942.

U-259 sank no ships in her short career, and was sunk off North Africa on 15 November 1942, during her second combat patrol, by a British Hudson bomber.

5th U-boat Flotilla
The 5th U-boat Flotilla (German 5. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat UB-116 was sunk by a mine. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1940 and the boats were all transferred to 1st Flotilla.

The flotilla was re-formed as "5th U-boat Flotilla" in June 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinz Moehle as a training flotilla with her base in Kiel. In 1946 Moehle was sentenced to five years in prison, after being found guilty of passing the Laconia Order to new U-boat commanders before they went out on patrol. He was released in November 1949.