hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vanguard 1
Vanguard 1 (Harvard designation: 1958-Beta 2, COSPAR ID: 1958-002B) is an American satellite that was the fourth artificial Earth-orbiting satellite to be successfully launched, following Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1. It was launched 17 March 1958. Vanguard 1 was the first satellite to have solar electric power. Although communications with the satellite were lost in 1964, it remains the oldest artificial object still in orbit, together with the upper stage of its launch vehicle.

Vanguard 1 was designed to test the launch capabilities of a three-stage launch vehicle as a part of Project Vanguard, and the effects of the space environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit. It also was used to obtain geodetic measurements through orbit analysis. Vanguard 1, being small and light enough to carry with one hand, was described by the Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, as "the grapefruit satellite".

Space environment
Space environment is a branch of astronautics, aerospace engineering and space physics that seeks to understand and address conditions existing in space that affect the design and operation of spacecraft. A related subject, space weather, deals with dynamic processes in the solar-terrestrial system that can give rise to effects on spacecraft, but that can also affect the atmosphere, ionosphere and geomagnetic field, giving rise to several other kinds of effects on human technologies.

Effects on spacecraft can arise from radiation, space debris and meteoroid impact, upper atmospheric drag and spacecraft electrostatic charging. Various mitigation strategies have been adopted.
Vasilijus Safronovas
Vasilijus Safronovas (born 21 July 1984, in Klaipėda) is a Lithuanian historian. Throughout his writings he explores modern cultural and intellectual history of Lithuania and former region of East Prussia, with particular interest to former Territory of Memel/ Klaipėda (or Memelgebiet in German).

Klaipėda Region
The Klaipėda Region (Lithuanian: Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (German: Memelland or Memelgebiet) was defined by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of East Prussia, when, as Memelland, it was put under the administration of the Entente's Council of Ambassadors. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the Saar and Danzig), was to remain under the control of the League of Nations until a future date, when the people of those regions would be allowed to vote on whether or not the land would return to Germany. Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by Lithuania as part of Klaipėda and Tauragė counties.
Torra di Sponsaglia
The Tower of Sponsaglia (Corsican: Torra di Sponsaglia) is a ruined Genoese tower located on the border between the communes of Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud and Porto-Vecchio on the south east coast of the Corsica. Only the round base survives.

The tower was one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates.

Porto-Vecchio
Porto-Vecchio (/ˌpɔːrtoʊ ˈvɛkioʊ/, French: [pɔʁto vekjo]; Italian: Porto Vecchio or Portovecchio [ˌpɔrtoˈvɛkkjo]; Corsican: Portivechju [ˌportiˈbecu], Portivecchju [ˌpɔrtiˈvɛtju], or Purtivechju [ˌpurtiˈvetju] (South)) is a commune in the French department of Corse-du-Sud, on the island of Corsica.

Porto-Vecchio is a medium-sized port city placed on a good harbor, the southernmost of the marshy and alluvial east side of Corsica. It is the seat of two cantons: Bavella and Grand Sud.
Juan de Moncada y de Tolça
Juan de Moncada y de Tolça (died after 1536) was a Spanish noble from the 16th century.

He was 3rd count di Marmilla, 11th Sieur of Aitona and 1st count of Aitona since 1532, baron of Serós, Mequinenza and Soses, Sieur of Vallobar, Palma, Ador and Beniarche, 3rd baron of Llagostera.

He became Great Seneschal and "Maestre Racional" of  Catalunya, "Maestro Giustiziere" of the kingdom of Naples 1529, del Regno de Sicilia 1529, "Presidente del Regno" on 20 December 1535, and Captain General of the kingdom of Sicily since 12 January 1536, under viceroy Ferrante Gonzaga.

Ferrante Gonzaga
Ferrante I Gonzaga (also Ferdinando I Gonzaga; 28 January 1507 – 15 November 1557) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the House of Gonzaga and the founder of the branch of the Gonzaga of Guastalla.
Lerista viduata
The Ravensthorpe Range slider (Lerista viduata) is a species of skink found in Western Australia. Historically rare and considered Data Deficient, it was known from only 15 collected specimens prior to a recent study.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Ron Norris
Ron Norris (10 September 1932 – 7 November 1984) was an Indian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was the lightweight champion of Madhya Pradesh and won the All-India championship in 1952. He was the son of Indian hockey player Rex Norris.

Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1952 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 67 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 29 July to 2 August 1952. 29 boxers from 29 nations competed.
Orto Botanico "G.E. Ghirardi"
The Orto Botanico "G.E. Ghirardi" (about 10,000 m2), also known as the Giardino Botanico sperimentale "E. Ghirardi" and the Orto botanico di Toscolano Maderno, is a botanical garden operated by the University of Milan, and located on Via Religione, Toscolano-Maderno on the western shore of Lake Garda, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy.

The garden was established in 1964 as the Stazione Agricola Sperimentale Mimosa under the direction of Professor Giordano Emilio Ghirardi. In 1991 it became part of the University of Milan, and today primarily cultivates plants of interest for medicine and pharmaceutics, but also supports research in  transgenic plants, rice, etc. Collections include Camptotheca acuminata, Eschscholzia, Nicotiana, Nigella, Scutellaria, and Solanaceae.

Nicotiana
Nicotiana (/ˌnɪkoʊʃiˈeɪnə, nɪˌkoʊ-, -kɒti-, -ˈɑːnə, -ˈænə/) is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family Solanaceae that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various Nicotiana species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. N. tabacum is grown worldwide for the cultivation of tobacco leaves that are used for manufacturing and producing tobacco products, including cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, snuff, snus, etc.
Bullshot
Bullshot may mean:

Bullshot (cocktail), a variation of the Bloody Mary

Bullshot (video games), a portmanteau of bullshit and screenshot referring to the misrepresentation of a final product's technical or artistic quality by artificially enhancing promotional images or video footage

Bullshot Crummond, a 1974 parody stage play of the British pulp hero Bulldog Drummond
Bullshot (film), a 1983 film based on the play

Bullshot, a 1979 album by rock and roll guitarist Link Wray

Link Wray
Fred Lincoln "Link" Wray Jr. (May 2, 1929 – November 5, 2005) was an American guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist who became popular in the late 1950s. His 1958 instrumental single "Rumble" reached the top 20 in the United States, and was one of the earliest songs in rock music to utilize distortion and tremolo.

Rolling Stone ranked Wray at No. 45 on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. He received two nominations for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, prior to being inducted in the Musical Influence category in 2023.
Sonny Lee
Thomas Ball "Sonny" Lee (August 26, 1904, Huntsville, Texas – May 17, 1975, Amarillo, Texas) was an American jazz trombonist.

Lee played with Peck Kelley while a student at Texas State Teachers' College in the early 1920s, then moved to St. Louis, where he worked with the Scranton Sirens, Frankie Trumbauer, Gene Rodemich, Vincent Lopez, and Paul Specht. In 1932 he joined the Isham Jones orchestra, remaining with Jones until 1936; concomitantly he also played with Benny Goodman in 1934-35. He then worked with Artie Shaw, Charlie Barnet, Woody Herman, and Bunny Berigan, and in 1938 joined Jimmy Dorsey's orchestra, where he played until 1946.

Peck Kelley
John Dickson "Peck" Kelley (October 22, 1898 – December 26, 1980) was an American jazz pianist. He was best known for his 1920s band Peck's Bad Boys, which included Jack Teagarden, and Pee Wee Russell.
Do You Know What I Mean
"Do You Know What I Mean" is a song written and performed by Lee Michaels.  It was produced by Michaels.

It reached #6 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #4 on the Cash Box Top 100 in the summer of 1971.  The song was featured on his 1971 album, 5th.
The single ranked #19 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971.

Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971
This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 singles of 1971. The Top 100, as revealed in the year-end edition of Billboard dated December 25, 1971, is based on Hot 100 charts from the issue dates of January 2 through November 27, 1971.
Alexander Henry
Alexander Henry is the name of the following people:

Alexander Henry the elder (1739–1834), fur trader and entrepreneur

Alexander Henry the younger (died 1814), fur-trader, nephew of the above

Alexander Henry (gunsmith) (1818–1894), Scottish gunsmith

Alexander Henry (Philadelphia) (1823–1883), American politician

Alex Henry, Canadian ice hockey player

Alexander Henry (MP), British Member of Parliament for South Lancashire elected in 1847

South Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Lancashire, formally called the Southern Division of Lancashire or Lancashire Southern, is a former county constituency of the South Lancashire area in England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the British House of Commons from 1832 to 1861, and then from a very narrow reform of that year, three until it was further split in 1868.

The constituency was created by the Great Reform Act 1832 by the splitting of Lancashire constituency into Northern and Southern divisions. It was abolished by the Reform Act 1867.
Awa Ehoura
Awa Ehoura Tabitha (died 5 July 2023) was an Ivorian journalist and radio host. She presented on television 13 heures and Journal télévisé du soir on La Première before being dismissed in June 2011, two months after the overthrow of Laurent Gbagbo.

La Première (RTI)
La Première (RTI) (French pronunciation: [la pʁəmjɛʁ]) is an Ivorian television channel. Originally known as Radio Télévision Ivoirienne (RTI) from 1963 to 1983, the channel began using its current name in 1983 following the launch of a second television channel.
Escient
Escient was a division of D&M Holdings, which manufactured high-end, centralized, internet-connected home AV equipment. The Escient trademark was registered with the (now defunct) Digital Networks North America.

Escient's main product lines were movie managers, music managers, media players, and other peripherals. The FireBall brand provides up to a 750 GB hard drive for central music storage. It has the ability control as many as 2000 DVDs or CDs through a graphical user interface. Escient's home media servers are supplemented with networked digital remote players for whole-house audio.

The FireBall-PC software runs on Mac and Windows computers to share media collections throughout the home. The wireless web pad can browse the internet, stream audio from the FireBall web servers, access the FireBall servers remotely via 802.11b wireless networking, and replace the FireBall TV interface.

In April, 2010, D&M Holdings, Inc. discontinued the Escient brand.

IEEE 802.11b-1999
IEEE 802.11b-1999 or 802.11b is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specification that extends throughput up to 11 Mbit/s using the same 2.4 GHz band. A related amendment was incorporated into the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.

802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.
Jolán Szilágyi
Jolán Szilágyi (15 June 1895, Székelyudvarhely - 8 July 1971, Budapest), was a Hungarian painter, graphic artist and cartoonist.

She married Tibor Szamuely. During the Hungarian Soviet Republic Tibor was People's Commissar for Military Affairs and Jolán produced political posters, such as Minden gyárnak legyen munkászászlóalja! (Every factory should have a workers' battalion!). When the Republic was overthrown, she went into exile spending time in Italy, Germany and the Soviet Union, before returning to Hungary in 1948.

In 1921-1922 she was studying at VKhUTEMAS, the art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow. When Béla Uitz and Alfréd Kemény attended the 3rd Congress of the Communist International in Moscow, they met with Szilágyi who introduced them to El Lissitzky.

Tibor Szamuely
Tibor Szamuely (December 27, 1890 – August 2, 1919) was a Hungarian communist politician and journalist who was Deputy People's Commissar of War and People's Commissar of Public Education during the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Marlies Mejías
Marlies Mejías García (born 29 December 1992) is a Cuban road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Virginia's Blue Ridge–Twenty28. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's Omnium, finishing in 8th place overall.

Virginia's Blue Ridge–TWENTY24
Virginia's Blue Ridge TWENTY24 is a professional Women's road bicycle racing team based in the United States. The team's most notable riders are 3-time Olympic time trial champion Kristin Armstrong, 2013 Giro d'Italia Femminile overall winner Mara Abbott, and 3-time Olympic medalist Jennifer Valente.
Emperor Bidatsu
Emperor Bidatsu (敏達天皇, Bidatsu-tennō; 538 – 14 September 585) was the 30th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

The traditional regnal years of Bidatsu are 572−585, within Asuka period; however, there are no certain dates for this emperor's life or reign. This is the post-Kofun period of the Yamato Kingship.

The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu, who was the 50th monarch of the Imperial House.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
2008 Volta a Catalunya
The 2008 Volta a Catalunya (88th edition) road cycling race took place from May 19 to May 25, 2008, in Catalonia, Spain. Gustavo César took overall victory, becoming first rider of non-ProTour team to win a ProTour race general classification.

Banyoles
Banyoles (Catalan pronunciation: [bəˈɲɔləs]) is a city of 20,168  inhabitants (2021) located in the province of Girona in northeastern Catalonia, Spain.

The town is the capital of the Catalan comarca "Pla de l'Estany".  Although an established industrial centre many of the inhabitants commute to the nearby city of Girona (12 km to the south).

Banyoles was connected to Girona by the 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge Palamós–Girona–Banyoles railway, which reached it by 1928. Service on the line continued until 1956.
Forst (Lausitz)
Forst (Lausitz) (German, pronounced [fɔʁst] ⓘ) or Baršć (Łužyca) (Lower Sorbian, pronounced [ˈbarɕtɕ ˈwuʒɨtsa]) is a town in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. It lies east of Cottbus, on the Lusatian Neisse river which is also the German-Polish border. It is the capital of the Spree-Neiße district. It is known for its rose garden and textile museum. The town's population is 18,651. In Forst, there is a railway bridge across the Neiße belonging to the line Cottbus–Żary which is serviced by regional trains and a EuroCity train between Hamburg and Kraków (2011). There is also a road bridge across the river north of Forst.

Spree-Neiße
Spree-Neiße (Lower Sorbian: Wokrejs Sprjewja-Nysa [ˈwɔkrɛjs ˈsprʲɛwʲa ˈnɨsa]) is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) the districts Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis and Kamenz in Saxony, the districts Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Dahme-Spreewald and Oder-Spree. The district-free city Cottbus is surrounded by the district. To the east is Poland.
IAE V2500
The IAE V2500 is a two-shaft high-bypass turbofan engine built by International Aero Engines (IAE) which powers the Airbus A320 family, the McDonnell Douglas MD-90, and the Embraer C-390 Millennium.

The engine's name is a combination of the Roman numeral V, symbolizing the five original members of the International Aero Engines consortium, formed in 1983 to produce the engine, and 2500, which represents the 25,000-pound-force (110 kN) thrust produced by the original engine model, the V2500-A1. FAA type certification for the V2500 was granted in 1988.

The maintenance, repair, and operations market for the V2500 is close to US$3 billion as of 2015.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
Bovesia
Bovesia, otherwise known as Grecìa Calabra (Calabrian Greece) or in Calabrian Greek: Grècia tis Calavrìa, is one of the two remaining Griko-speaking areas in southern Italy, the other being Grecìa Salentina. It is located at the tip of Calabria, near Reggio, and consists of nine villages. Its population is significantly smaller than that of Grecìa Salentina.

The following villages are part of Bovesia:

Bova (Calabrian Greek: Chòra tu Vùa)

Bova Marina (Calabrian Greek: Jalò tu Vunà; 3,979 inhabitants)

Palizzi (Calabrian Greek: Spyrópoli)

Palizzi Marina

Condofuri (Calabrian Greek: Kontochṓri, meaning "near the village")

Gallicianò

Amendolea

Roccaforte del Greco (Calabrian Greek: Vunì)

Roghudi (Calabrian Greek: Rigùdi)

Roccaforte del Greco
Roccaforte del Greco (Calabrian Greek: Βουνί, romanized: Vunì) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Reggio Calabria.

Roccaforte del Greco borders the following municipalities: Bagaladi, Cardeto, Condofuri, Reggio Calabria, Roghudi, San Lorenzo, Santo Stefano in Aspromonte, Scilla, Sinopoli.
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies
The Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (HCPDS) is an interfaculty initiative at Harvard University that is closely affiliated with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

The Center houses post-doctoral programs, including the David E. Bell Fellowship, the Mortimer Spiegelman Postdoctoral Fellowship in Demographic Studies, and previously offered the Sloan Fellowship on Aging and Work, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholars program.

Roger Revelle
Roger Randall Dougan Revelle (March 7, 1909 – July 15, 1991) was a scientist and scholar who was instrumental in the formative years of the University of California, San Diego, and was among the early scientists to study anthropogenic global warming, as well as the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. UC San Diego's first college is named Revelle College in his honor.
Good Faith (Madeon album)
Good Faith is the second studio album by French DJ and record producer Madeon. It was released on 15 November 2019 through Columbia Records. The album features contributions and vocals from Callie Day, Spoonface, Audra Mae, James the Human, Brasstracks, and the West Los Angeles Children's Choir. The album was promoted by three singles: "All My Friends", "Dream Dream Dream", and "Be Fine". The album received mixed to positive reviews from critics.

Shelter (Porter Robinson and Madeon song)
"Shelter" is a song by American DJ and record producer Porter Robinson and French DJ and record producer Madeon, released as a single on August 11, 2016. In October 2016, a music video, produced in collaboration with A-1 Pictures, was released.

In support of the single, both Robinson and Madeon embarked on a concert tour; Shelter Live Tour from September 29, 2016, concluding on April 23, 2017, launching numerous live shows across North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.
McIntyre Ski Area
McIntyre Ski Area is a ski area adjacent to Derryfield Park in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States. It opened in 1971 with two chairlifts and a rope tow, and was operated by the city until 2009, when they leased the area and management rights to McIntyre Ski School, Inc. (now McIntyre Ski Area, LLC) for a 25-year period. The area has a ski school, snow tubing, skiing and snowboarding, and a shop, which opened in 1992.

According to its website, the ski area has 200 vertical feet (60 vertical meters) of terrain. Like many New England ski areas, it is open outside the ski season to host conferences, weddings and other events.

Tubing (recreation)
Tubing, also known as inner tubing, bumper tubing, towed tubing, biscuiting (in New Zealand), or kite tubing, is a recreational activity where an individual rides on top of an inner tube, either on water, snow, or through the air. The tubes themselves are also known as "donuts" or "biscuits" due to their shape.