hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 Nottingham Open
The 2008 Nottingham Open (also known as the Slazenger Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 19th edition of the Nottingham Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Nottingham Tennis Centre in Nottingham, England, United Kingdom, from 16 June through 21 June 2008.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 16, Rome Masters semifinalist and San Jose finalist Radek Štěpánek, Munich semifinalist Paul-Henri Mathieu, and Hamburg Masters quarterfinalist Fernando Verdasco. Among other players competing were Queen's Club quarterfinalist and Nottingham defending champion Ivo Karlović, Casablanca titlist Gilles Simon, Dmitry Tursunov, Andreas Seppi and Gaël Monfils.

Fourth-seeded Ivo Karlović successfully defended his 2007 singles title. The final was contested on indoor hard (not grass) due to rain.

2007 Nottingham Open
The 2007 Nottingham Open was the 2007 edition of the Nottingham Open men's tennis tournament that was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It was the 18th edition of the tournament and was held from 18 June until 25 June and played on outdoor grass courts at the Nottingham Tennis Centre in Nottingham, United Kingdom. Second-seeded Ivo Karlović won the singles title.
Junctional ectopic tachycardia
Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a rare syndrome of the heart that manifests in patients recovering from heart surgery. It is characterized by cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular beating of the heart, caused by abnormal conduction from or through the atrioventricular node (AV node). In newborns and infants up to 6 weeks old, the disease may also be referred to as His bundle tachycardia or congenital JET.

Cardiac conduction system
The cardiac conduction system (CCS, also called the electrical  conduction system of the heart) transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node – the heart's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system. The pacemaking signal travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the bundle of His, and through the bundle branches to Purkinje fibers in the walls of the ventricles. The Purkinje fibers transmit the signals more rapidly to stimulate contraction of the ventricles.

The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells, situated within the myocardium. There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow.
1930 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1930 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament ran from August 28 until September 13. It was the 50th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Frank Shields
Francis Xavier Alexander Shields Sr. (November 18, 1909 – August 19, 1975) was an American amateur tennis player of the 1920s and 1930s, and an actor known for Hoosier Schoolboy (1937). He was ranked world No. 2 in 1931, and U.S. No. 1 in 1933.
Rottenburg am Neckar
Rottenburg am Neckar (German: [ˈʁɔtn̩bʊʁk ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Rottenburg on the Neckar'; until 10 July 1964 only Rottenburg; Swabian: Raodaburg) is a medium-sized town in the administrative district (Landkreis) of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) southwest of the provincial capital Stuttgart and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of the district town Tübingen. Rottenburg is the second-largest town of the district after Tübingen and makes up a secondary centre for the surrounding community. Since 1 May 1972, Rottenburg am Neckar has been a district town (Große Kreisstadt). Rottenburg agreed to an administrative collective with the municipalities of Hirrlingen, Neustetten and Starzach.

Rottenburg is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, being the official centre of the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Moreover, it has a college of church music and a university of applied sciences (German Fachhochschule), specialising in forestry.

Swabian German
Swabian (German: Schwäbisch [ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ] ⓘ) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg (including its capital Stuttgart and the Swabian Jura region) and the southwest of Bavaria (Bavarian Swabia). Furthermore, Swabian German dialects are spoken by Caucasus Germans in Transcaucasia. The dialects of the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania are only nominally Swabian and can be traced back not only to Swabian but also to Franconian, Bavarian and Hessian dialects, with  locally varying degrees of influence of the initial dialects.
Educational resources for electronic literature
Educational resources for electronic literature have been developed for many literature courses.

Electronic literature is a literary genre defined as “born digital” works that use computational media to create artistic literary effects with an expanded repertoire that goes well beyond words.

See the overall links to electronic literature authors, critics, resources, and works.

Amaranth Borsuk
Amaranth Borsuk (born 1981) is an American poet and educator known for her experiments with textual materiality and digital poetry. She is currently an associate professor at the University of Washington Bothell's School of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences, where she teaches undergraduate courses on poetry, philology, and experimental writing. She also serves as the Chair of the school's  M.F.A. program in Creative Writing, which she co-chaired from 2018 to 2022.
Daniela Gurz
Daniela Gurz is a Romanian football defender currently playing for ENP Famagusta FC. She has played the Champions League with CFF Clujana, FCM Târgu Mureş and Olimpia Cluj, and she made her debut for the Romanian national team in the 2013 European Championship qualifying against Kazakhstan.

CFF Clujana
CFF Clujana was an association football club from Cluj-Napoca in Romania. Clujana's women's football team played in the top domestic league and has won seven consecutive Romanian national championships and four domestic cups.
Ursus etruscus
Ursus etruscus, the Etruscan bear, is an extinct bear species that was native to Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene, living from approximately 2.2 million to around 1.4–1.2 million years ago. It is widely thought to be the ancestor of the living brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the extinct cave bears.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Proportional myoelectric control
Proportional myoelectric control can be used to (among other purposes) activate robotic lower limb exoskeletons. A proportional myoelectric control system utilizes a microcontroller or computer that inputs electromyography (EMG) signals from sensors on the leg muscle(s) and then activates the corresponding joint actuator(s) proportionally to the EMG signal.

Soleus muscle
In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle, and some anatomists consider this combination to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the Latin word "solea", meaning "sandal".
Colo High School
Colo High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on the Bells Line of Road in North Richmond, on the north-western outskirts of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1978, the school caters for approximately 1,000 students enrolled at the school from Year 7 to Year 12; and the school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Ioan Toman
Ioan Toman (born March 6, 1959, in Teş) is a Romanian skeet shooter. He competed in the mixed skeet shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, and men's skeet at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Twelve years after competing in his last Olympics, Toman qualified for his fourth Romanian team as a 49-year-old at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by winning the silver medal from the 2007 World Shotgun Championships in Nicosia, Cyprus. He placed thirty-fifth out of forty-one shooters in the two-day qualifying rounds of men's skeet, with a total hit of 108 targets.

Brestovăț
Brestovăț (Hungarian: Aga, until 1892 Bresztovác; German: Brestowatz; Slovak: Brestovec; Serbian: Брестовац, romanized: Brestovac) is a commune in Timiș County. It is composed of five villages: Brestovăț (commune seat), Coșarii, Hodoș, Lucareț and Teș.
Mallory Park Race of the Year
The Race of the Year was a non-championship motorcycle race held at the Mallory Park circuit in Leicester, England between 1958 and 1981, and again between 1986 and 2008, with a one-off race in 2011. It often attracted high quality entries from the Moto GP and Superbike World Championship. The first race was won by John Surtees, riding a MV Agusta. The 2011 running of the event was won by Sam Lowes on a Supersport Honda after hard-fought battle with CRT Moto GP rider, James Ellison on another Honda. The 2014 event was won by John Ingram.

Sam Lowes
Samuel Deane Lowes (born 14 September 1990) is a British motorcycle racer who competed in the Moto2 World Championship with ELF Marc VDS Racing Team aboard a Kalex since 2019. From 2024, Lowes remains with the same team ownership which moves into a new class of racing, World Superbikes, using a Ducati Panigale V4 R.

Lowes is the identical twin brother of World Superbike rider Alex Lowes, and in 2024, was the first time they have competed against one another on an international stage.
Public Health Engineering Department
The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) is a public agency in Pakistan and India that is responsible for rural water supply.

During natural disasters the agency has the responsibility to get drinking water to the public as well as collaborating with aid organisations for this purpose. For example, during a cyclone in Sindh in 2007 PHED submitted a proposal to UNICEF for a permanent solution to clean drinking water Sibi District. The agency also coordinated relief efforts with UNICEF in Ziarat District during the 2008 earthquake.

Historically the PHED had been responsible for all water and sanitation projects at the district level, however following the devolution of 2001 become subordinate to elected nazims at district and tehsil level.

Ziarat District
Ziarat (Urdu: ضلع زیارت) is a district in the north of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Ziarat town (situated at an altitude of about 2,400 meters) is the headquarters of the district, the sub-division, and also of the tehsil. The highest peak of Khalifat Hills, at an altitude of 11,400 feet (3,500 m), is located in Ziarat district.
Tomb of Yue Fei
The Tomb of Yue Fei, also known by its Chinese names Yue Fen and Yue Fei Mu, is the traditional Chinese tomb of the Song-era general Yue Fei located at his temple south of Qixia Hill (栖霞岭) and northwest of West Lake in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province in eastern China. The site has been revered for centuries as a memorial to Yue's unflagging patriotism and self-sacrifice, although its associations with Han chauvinism and feudal values have sometimes been problematic. Heavily damaged during the Cultural Revolution, Yue Fei's tomb, the adjacent tomb of his son Yue Yun, and their spirit way have since been restored to their general appearance under the Song.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Aquarius Records (store)
Aquarius Records was an independent record store in San Francisco, California, established in 1970. Aquarius was known for carrying an obscure selection of psychedelia, metal, and world music, and had an extensive mail order catalog. The store's selection was relatively small and was chosen and annotated by the staff of music aficionados. They claimed to have coined the modern alias dronology for the drone music genre. It is the subject of the documentary It Came From Aquarius Records that premiered as part of the 2022 San Francisco Documentary Festival.

Drone music
Drone music (also known as drone-based music, or simply drone) is a minimalist genre of music that emphasizes the use of sustained sounds, notes, or tone clusters called drones. It is typically characterized by lengthy compositions featuring relatively slight harmonic variations. La Monte Young, one of its 1960s originators, defined it in 2000 as "the sustained tone branch of minimalism." Music containing drones can be found in many regional traditions across Asia, Australia, and Europe, but the genre label is generally reserved for music originating with the Western classical tradition. Elements of drone music have been incorporated in diverse genres such as rock, ambient, and electronic music.
Kazem Jalali
Kazem Jalali (Persian: کاظم جلالی; born 25 July 1967) is an Iranian principlist politician and former member of the Majlis from Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr district. In June 2009, he was the spokesman for the foreign relations committee of the Majlis.

Kazem Jalali holds a PhD of political science from Imam Sadiq University, Tehran. Jalali was a senior member of Moderation and Development Party, but he resigned in 2007. He is president of Followers of Wilayat fraction and is close to Ali Larijani.

Iranian principlists
The Principlists (Persian: اصول‌گرایان, romanized: Osul-Garāyān, lit. 'followers of principles or fundamentalists'), also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives and formerly referred to as the Right or Right-wing, are one of two main political camps in post-revolutionary Iran; the Reformists are the other camp. The term hardliners that some Western sources use in the Iranian political context usually refers to the faction. The faction rejects the status quo internationally, but favors domestic preservation.
Cadzow Castle
Cadzow Castle, now in ruins, was constructed between 1500 and 1550 at a site one mile south-east of the centre of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The earlier medieval settlement of Hamilton was formerly known as Cadzow or Cadyou (Middle Scots: Cadȝow), until it was renamed in 1455 in honour of James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. The castle sits above a gorge overlooking the Avon Water in what is now Chatelherault Country Park, but was previously the hunting and pleasure grounds of the duke of Hamilton's estate of Hamilton Palace - this area being known as Hamilton High Parks. The ruin is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Historic Environment Scotland
Historic Environment Scotland (HES) (Scottish Gaelic: Àrainneachd Eachdraidheil Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body responsible for investigating, caring for and promoting Scotland's historic environment. HES was formed in 2015 from the merger of government agency Historic Scotland with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS).
Björn Kjellström
Björn Kjellström (September 9, 1910 – August 26, 1995), originally from Sweden, was a ski orienteering champion in Sweden and co-founder of the compass manufacturing company Silva Sweden AB which produced the Silva compass.  More than 25 million Silva compasses have been sold since the founding of the company.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Firebird Raceway
Firebird Raceway is a motorsport racing venue in the western United States, near Eagle, Idaho, in the Boise metropolitan area. The raceway opened 57 years ago in 1968 under management of racing enthusiasts Bill and Ellanor New, and it has remained under ownership of the New family.

A longstanding member track of the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), the raceway has been named NHRA Track of the Year three times. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018, the first dragstrip to be included on the register.

Just west of Highway 16 between Star and Emmett, the elevation is approximately 2,700 feet (825 m) above sea level.

Star, Idaho
Star is a city in northwestern Ada County, Idaho, with parts stretching into neighboring Canyon County. The population was 11,117 at the 2020 census, up from 5,793 in 2010. It was named in the 19th century by travelers on their way to Middleton and Boise who used the star on the school house to find east and west. The name stuck and it became Star, Idaho. Today, it is a rapidly growing suburb of Boise and its schools are shared with Middleton School District and West Ada School District.

Star is part of the Boise metropolitan area.
HaikU
haikU is a browser-based, audience participatory, haiku poem project. The project displays randomly generated haiku poems, and allows the Internet audience to contribute to the project's database of haiku lines. The project is known as a work of electronic literature and for its use of an evolving database, and for the relative coherence of its output. It was created by Nanette Wylde in 2001 and is considered a form of interactive digital poetry.

Scott Rettberg
Scott Rettberg is an American digital artist and scholar of electronic literature based in Bergen, Norway. He is the co-founder and served as the first executive director of the Electronic Literature Organization. He leads the Center for Digital Narrative, a Norwegian Centre of Research Excellence from 2023 to 2033.
Byron Kilbourn
Byron Kilbourn (September 8, 1801 – December 16, 1870) was an American surveyor, railroad executive, and politician who was an important figure in the founding of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  He was the 3rd and 8th mayor of Milwaukee.

Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
The neighborhoods of Milwaukee are mostly unofficial designations of parts of Wisconsin's largest city. There is no consensus definition of which parts of the city fall into which neighborhoods.

In 1990, the Neighborhood Identification Project set boundaries and names for 75 areas of the city. Prior to that, neighborhood names were not official and many areas had no names, official or otherwise.
James Hart (artist)
James Hart (fl. 1940s and 1950s) was a British illustrator. He is known for his work for the Radio Times, including several cover illustrations, one of which was for the special 1947 "Radiolympia" number and another for the 1957 Christmas edition,  depicting a red-breasted robin, holding a sprig of red-berried holly, in an otherwise monochrome setting. Tony Currie, who in 2001 wrote a history of the Radio Times, described the latter as "one of its most memorable Christmas designs". It was the magazine's first colour cover since World War II.

Hart also drew the cover of the Radio Times Annual 1956.

European robin
The European robin (Erithacus rubecula), known simply as the robin or robin redbreast in the British Isles, is a small insectivorous passerine bird belonging to the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is found across Europe, as far east as Western Siberia, and as far south as North Africa. It is sedentary in the west and south of its range, and migratory in the north and east of its range where winters are harsher.

It is 12.5–14.0 cm (4.9–5.5 in) in length. The male and female are identical in plumage, with an orange-toned red breast and face lined with grey, brown upper-parts and a whitish belly. Juveniles are distinct, being freckled brown all over and lacking the red breast. First-winter immatures resemble the adults, except they have more obvious yellow-brown tips to the wing covert feathers, which are inconspicuous or absent in adults.
Julia Wells
Julia Susannah Harris née Wells (5 August 1842 – 8 July 1911) is notable for having collected some significant botanical specimens in what is now the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Amongst her collections is the type specimen of the endangered Acacia volubilis; the type specimen of the rare Acacia anarthros, and the earliest known collection of Banksia cuneata.

All of Wells' specimens are recorded as having been collected at "Boxvale". This is now a lost toponym; according to Bruce Maslin it was "somewhere E of York, perhaps near the Cubbine Hills between Cunderdin and Quairading". Wells' specimens are also undated, but are assumed to have been made in the 1870s or before, since they are attributed to her under the maiden name, and she married in 1880.

Lost toponym
A lost toponym is a name given to a place which is no longer known or identifiable.

For example, in 1618 the crew of the Mauritius explored a river in north-western Australia, which they named Willems Revier ("Willem's River"). However it is not now known which river they explored, so Willems River cannot be placed on a present-day map. Willems River is therefore a lost toponym.