hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution Street
55°58′23″N 3°10′06″W﻿ / ﻿55.97306°N 3.16833°W﻿ / 55.97306; -3.16833

Constitution Street is a thoroughfare in Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland. It runs north from the junction of Leith Walk, Great Junction Street and Duke Street to the Albert Dock in Leith Docks.

Thoroughfare
A thoroughfare is a primary passage or way of transport, whether by road on dry land or, by extension, via watercraft or aircraft. Originally, the word referred to a main road or open street which was frequented thoroughly.
Joachim Heer
Joachim Heer (25 September 1825 – 1 March 1879) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1875–1878).

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 10 December 1875 and handed over office on 31 December 1878. He was affiliated to the Liberal Centre, which later evolved into the Liberal Party of Switzerland. During his office time he held the following departments:

Department of Posts and Telegraph (1876)

Political Department (1877)

Department of Railway and Trade (1878)

He was President of the Confederation in 1877.

Dr. Joachim-Heer-Strasse in Glarus is named for him.

Glarus
Glarus (Swiss Standard German: [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Alemannic German: Glaris; French: Glaris [ɡlaʁis]; Italian: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) is the capital of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, the municipality of Glarus incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.

Glarus lies on the river Linth between the foot of the Glärnisch (part of the Schwyzer Alps) to the west and the Schilt (Glarus Alps) to the east. Very few buildings built before the fire of 1861 remain. Wood, textile, and plastics, as well as printing, are the dominant industries. The symbol of the city is the neo-Romanesque city church.
Jeeva (2009 film)
Jeeva is a 2009 Kannada language film produced by Prabhu Srinivas, who also produces the film along with cinematographer Premkumar and art director Mohan B. Kere under the banner of P2 Productions. The film was released on 27 November 2009. The film stars Prajwal Devaraj and Ruthuva in the lead roles.

Prajwal Devaraj
Prajwal Devaraj (born 4 July 1987) is an Indian actor who works in Kannada cinema. The son of veteran actor Devaraj, Prajwal made his debut with the Kannada film Sixer (2007) for which he won the Best Debut actor award at the Suvarna Film Awards. This was followed by the gangster drama Geleya (2007) which was a box-office success. Prajwal was in recent films like Chowka (2017), Gentleman (2020) and Inspector Vikram (2021).

His films include Meravanige (2008), Gulama (2009), Murali Meets Meera (2011), Super Shastri (2013) and Galaate (2013). For his performance in Gentleman (2020), he won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor.
Baharak Ambush
The Baharak ambush was an incident that occurred on October 21, 2020, when members of the Taliban ambushed an Afghan security forces unit in the small village of Baharak in Takhar province. It was the deadliest attack by the Taliban in October.

Baharak District, Takhar
Baharak District is a district of Takhar Province, Afghanistan. The district was split-off from Taluqan District in 2005. Most people work in agriculture. The district has been the site of fighting between the Afghan Government and the Taliban; Baharak was considered to be contested in late 2018 and taken by the Taliban by August 2021.
Ozzie (gorilla)
Ozoum, commonly referred to as Ozzie (c. 1961 – January 25, 2022), was an African-born western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) who was a subject of research at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in the U.S. state of Georgia from 1964 until 1988, when he was transferred to Zoo Atlanta. In 2009, he was the first gorilla to "volunteer" for a blood pressure test. Before his death at age 60, he was the oldest recorded male gorilla in captivity.

Western lowland gorilla
The western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one of two Critically Endangered subspecies of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) that lives in montane, primary and secondary forest and lowland swampland in central Africa in Angola (Cabinda Province), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It is the nominate subspecies of the western gorilla, and the smallest of the four gorilla subspecies.

The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos with the exception of Amahoro, a female eastern lowland gorilla at Antwerp Zoo, and a few mountain gorillas kept captive in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Taphrina alni
Taphrina alni is a fungal plant pathogen that causes alder tongue gall, a chemically induced distortion of female alder catkins (Alnus glutinosa).

Taphrina alni produces a distinctive tongue-like growth which derives mainly from the ovarian tissues of the alder catkin or from the bracteoles. These alder pseudocones may carry several tongue galls, each of which usually appear to come from the same position; those curling down usually come from the bracteoles tissues and those projecting upwards usually come from ovarian tissues.

Alder
Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Kathleen Friedrich
Kathleen Friedrich (born 13 July 1977) is a German former middle-distance runner who specialised in the 1500 metres. She has a personal best of 4 minutes 4.27 seconds, as well as an 800 metres best of 2:01.45.

Her highest achievement was a bronze medal at the 2002 IAAF World Cup. She represented her country at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics and also at the 2002 European Athletics Championships. Friedrich was a seven-time national champion, with five straight wins at the German Athletics Championships from 2000 to 2004 and two indoor titles. At the junior level, she was the 800 m silver medallist at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

German Indoor Athletics Championships
The German Indoor Athletics Championships (German: Deutsche Leichtathletik-Hallenmeisterschaften) is an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the German Athletics Association, which serves as the German national championship for the sport. Typically held over two to three days in February during the German winter, the first Unified Germany championships occurred in 1991, succeeding the West German and East German indoor nationals. The unified indoor event preceded the newly-unified outdoor German Athletics Championships in the summer of 1991. National indoor championships in relays, racewalking and combined track and field events are usually contested at separate locations.
Chvaleticeite
Chvaleticeite is a monoclinic hexahydrite manganese magnesium sulfate mineral with formula: (Mn2+, Mg)[SO4]·6(H2O). It occurs in the oxidized zone of manganese silicate deposits with pyrite and rhodochrosite that have undergone regional and contact metamorphism. It is defined as the manganese dominant member of the  hexahydrite group.

Chvaleticeite is named after the city Chvaletice, Bohemia, in the Czech Republic. Chvaleticeite and minerals like it have been studied for their hydrogen bonding and incongruent melting properties as they are predicted to form in the relative environments of Mars and other bodies in the Solar System.

Incongruent melting
Incongruent melting occurs when a solid substance being partially melted does not melt uniformly, so that the chemical composition of neither the resulting liquid nor the resulting solid is the same as that of the original solid. For example, melting of orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) produces leucite (KAlSi2O6) in addition to a melt. The melt produced is richer in silica (SiO2). The proportions of leucite and melt formed can be recombined to yield the bulk composition of the starting feldspar. Another mineral that can melt incongruently is enstatite (Mg2Si2O6), which produces forsterite (Mg2SiO4) in addition to a melt richer in SiO2  when melting at low pressure. Enstatite melts congruently at higher pressures between 2.5 and 5.5 kilobars.
People Who Can Eat People Are the Luckiest People in the World
People Who Can Eat People Are the Luckiest People in the World is the second studio album by American folk punk band Andrew Jackson Jihad. The album was released by Asian Man Records on September 11, 2007.

Asian Man Records
Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in San Jose, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established in May 1996.
Knut Ljøgodt
Knut Ljøgodt knʉt jøɡɔt (born 1968 in Ullensaker) is a Norwegian art historian. He was museum director of The Northern Norway Art Museum in Tromsø between 2008-2016 and founding director of Kunsthall Svalbard in Longyearbyen since 2015. In the past he held curatorial positions in The National Museum, Oslo, The Munch Museum and Blaafarveverket.

Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum
Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum is a Norwegian visual arts museum in Northern Norway. The Northern Norwegian Art Museum is responsible for the entire northern region and in 2010 established a separate department for the nationwide program.
Marie Lajus
Marie Lajus (born 17 May 1971) is a French civil servant. From 2020 to 2022, she served as prefect of Indre-et-Loire. From 2018 to 2020, she served as prefect of Charente. From 2015 to 2018, she served as prefect of Ariège.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Milnesium
Milnesium, also known as Milnesium Doyère, 1840 named after Louis Michel François Doyère is a genus of tardigrades. Milnesium exhibits tardigrade species with multi-legged, multi-clawed, and segmented morphology. Species of Milnesium are common with the most known, M. tardigradum, being found in a wide variety of habitats across the world. Milnesium has a fossil record extending back to the Cretaceous with the oldest species found being known from Turonian stage deposits on the east coast of the United States.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
Roman–Parthian War of 161–166
The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 (also called the Parthian War of Lucius Verus) was fought between the Roman and Parthian Empires over Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia. It concluded in 166 after the Romans made successful campaigns into Lower Mesopotamia and Media and sacked Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
U.S. National Dancesport Champions (Professional Smooth)
The United States national professional ballroom dance champions are crowned at the United States Dance Championships (formerly United States DanceSport Championships, USDSC, and United States Ballroom Championships, USBC), as recognized by the National Dance Council of America (NDCA) and the World Dance & DanceSport Council (WD&DSC).

The American Smooth division consists of American-style waltz, tango, foxtrot, and Viennese waltz.

Foxtrot
The foxtrot is a smooth, progressive dance characterized by long, continuous flowing movements across the dance floor. It is danced to big band (usually vocal) music. The dance is similar in its look to waltz, although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34. Developed in the 1910s, the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today.
Lake Alserio
Lake Alserio is an Italian lake located in the Province of Como, Brianza, Lombardy. On its shores lie the communes of Erba, Albavilla, Alserio and Monguzzo. The lake falls within the Parco regionale della Valle del Lambro, the regional park of the valley of the Lambro. Along its eastern shore is located a nature reserve known as the “Riva orientale del Lago di Alserio.”

Monguzzo
Monguzzo (Brianzöö: Monguzz [mũˈɡyts]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Como.

Monguzzo borders the following municipalities: Albavilla, Alserio, Anzano del Parco, Erba, Lurago d'Erba, Merone.
Baden X b
The Baden X b of the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway was a class of 0-8-0T steam locomotive designed for heavy shunting.

In 1925 out of the 98 examples built, 90 entered the Deutsche Reichsbahn as DRG Class 92.2–3 in their numbering plan. Of these, 80 were taken over by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and two by the  Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR).

Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbʊndəsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Federal Railway'), or DB ([deːˈbeː]), was formed  as the state railway of the newly established West Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.
Charles Bennett (cricketer)
Charles Oatley Bennett (15 August 1872 – 23 May 1921) played first-class cricket for Somerset in 1902. He was born at Ticehurst, East Sussex and died at Bath, Somerset.

Educated at Haileybury College, Bennett was a right-handed lower-order batsman and a leg-break bowler, though he did not bowl in first-class cricket. He appeared in two matches for Somerset in June 1902, but was not successful, with a highest score of only 6.

Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury is a co-educational public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for 11-to-18-year-olds) located in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire. It is a member of the Rugby Group and enrols pupils at the 11+, 13+ and 16+ stages of education. Over 890 pupils attend Haileybury, of whom more than 550 board. The campus occupies over 500 acres (200 ha) of Hertfordshire countryside, approximately 20 mi (32 km) from London.
Moutere Rugby Football Club
The Moutere Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Blenheim, Marlborough, New Zealand. It was founded in 1906 and has been the most successful rugby union club in the Marlborough province. It is based at Awarua Park in Spring Creek, about eight kilometres north of Blenheim. The club's playing colours are black and white hooped jerseys and white shorts.

Moutere was formed in 1906 following a reorganisation of club rugby by the Marlborough Rugby Football Union which split the province into evenly populated geographical areas. Before this date the club was called Awarua and the reason for the change of name to Moutere (Māori for "island") is a mystery.

Moutere fields teams at all levels of the Marlborough RFU competitions and has had a women's section since 2000 and a Golden Oldies team since the mid-1980s.

Blenheim, New Zealand
Blenheim (/ˈblɛnɪm/ BLEN-im; Māori: Waiharakeke) is the most populous town in the region of Marlborough, in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand. It has an estimated population of 30,300 as of June 2024. The surrounding Marlborough wine region is well known as the centre of the New Zealand wine industry. It enjoys one of New Zealand's sunniest climates, with warm, relatively dry summers and cool, crisp winters.

Blenheim is named after the Battle of Blenheim (1704) in the War of the Spanish Succession, where troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough defeated a combined French and Bavarian force. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "flax stream" for the town's Māori name, Waiharakeke.
Ala 12
Ala 12 (English: Wing 12) is an Ejército del Aire y del Espacio (English: Spanish Air and Space Force) wing based at Torrejón Air Base.  The wing operates McDonnell Douglas EF-18A/B Hornet fighter aircraft for air defense and international deployments under the operational and organizational command of Combat Air Command (MACOM) The squadron's motto is "no le busques tres pies..."

Decimomannu Air Base
Decimomannu Air Base (IATA: DCI, ICAO: LIED) is an Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) air base located approximately 5 km (2.7 NM) north of Decimomannu a comune in the Province of Cagliari on the island of Sardinia in Italy.

It is a military airport located northwest of the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, in a vast area between the towns of Decimomannu, Decimoputzu, San Sperate and Villasor.

The airport is named after Colonel pilot Giovanni Farina, Gold Medal for bravery, died in combat in the skies of Sardinia 14 June 1942.

The airfield is a front-line NATO training facility primarily used since 1979 for Dissimilar Air Combat Training (DACT) of various NATO air force fighter aircraft.

Decimonannu was also the Home Base for the Taktisches Ausbildungskommando der Luftwaffe Italien and the base was used for training flights.

Since July 2022 it has been home to the International Flight Training School.
All-China Sports Federation
The All-China Sports Federation (simplified Chinese: 中华全国体育总会; traditional Chinese: 中華全國體育總會) is a national people's organization in China that oversees a wide array of sports associations across the country.

It is responsible to the General Administration of Sport of China and the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

People's organization
People's organization (Chinese: 人民團體) is a generic term for organizations in the People's Republic of China excluding governments, the official departments of government, and state-owned enterprises or institutions, yet are recognized to be a part of Chinese Communist Party's united front.
Slavko Osterc
Slavko Osterc (17 June 1895 – 23 May 1941), was a Slovenian composer.

Osterc was born in Veržej.  He studied under Emerik Beran, who was a pupil of Leoš Janáček, in his youth before attending the Prague Conservatory from 1925 to 1927. While there he studied under Karel Boleslav Jirák, Vítězslav Novák, and Alois Hába. Osterc was a professor at the Ljubljana Conservatory for much of his career, remaining there until his death. He was much the leading composer of Slovenia in the 1930s, as Marij Kogoj had been in the 1920s. One of his pupils was Pavel Šivic.

Prague Conservatory
The Prague Conservatory (Czech: Pražská konzervatoř) is a public music school in Prague, Czech Republic, founded in 1808. Currently, the school offers four- or six-year courses, which can be compared to the level of a high school diploma in other countries. Graduates can continue their training by enrolling in an institution that offers undergraduate education.
Gangarampur Government Polytechnic
Gangarampur Government Polytechnic is a Government Polytechnic College located in Kadighat, Gangarampur of Dakshin Dinajpur district in West Bengal. Established in 2013. This Polytechnic College is affiliated to the West Bengal State Council of Technical Education,  and recognised by All India Council for Technical Education. This polytechnic offers diploma courses in Automobile, Mechanical  and Civil Engineering.

Dakshin Dinajpur district
Dakshin Dinajpur (Bengali pronunciation: [dokkʰiɳ dinadʒpur]), also known as South Dinajpur, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, India. It was created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile West Dinajpur District. The headquarters (sadar) of the district is at Balurghat. It comprises two subdivisions: Balurghat and Gangarampur. According to the 2011 census, it is the seventh populous district of West Bengal (out of 23).
Coconino Press
Coconino Press is an Italian publisher of comic books, founded in 2000 in Bologna, Italy.

They are notable for their translations of comic books from around the world, including the Americans Daniel Clowes, Jason Lutes, Simon Hanselmann and Adrian Tomine; Canadians Seth and Chester Brown; French cartoonists David B., Baru and Emmanuel Guibert; the Japanese cartoonists Jiro Taniguchi and Suehiro Maruo; as well as the Italians Gipi, Davide Reviati, Francesca Ghermandi, Davide Toffolo, Sergio Ponchione, Igort, Zuzu, Vincenzo FIlosa, Simone Angelini, Filippo Scozzàri, Massimo Mattioli, Altan and Ratigher.

Coconino Press is also partnered with Seattle-based Fantagraphics Books under the imprint of the Ignatz Series.

Daniel Clowes
Daniel Gillespie Clowes (/klaʊz/; born April 14, 1961) is an American cartoonist, graphic novelist, illustrator, and screenwriter. Most of Clowes's work first appeared in Eightball, a solo anthology comic book series. An Eightball issue typically contained several short pieces and a chapter of a longer narrative that was later collected and published as a graphic novel, such as Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron (1993), Ghost World (1997), David Boring (2000) and Patience (2016). Clowes's illustrations have appeared in The New Yorker, Newsweek, Vogue, The Village Voice, and elsewhere. With filmmaker Terry Zwigoff, Clowes adapted Ghost World into a 2001 film and another Eightball story into the 2006 film, Art School Confidential. Clowes's comics, graphic novels, and films have received numerous awards, including a Pen Award for Outstanding Work in Graphic Literature, over a dozen Harvey and Eisner Awards, and an Academy Award nomination.
Zhnyborody
Zhnyborody (Ukrainian: Жнибороди; Polish: Żnibrody; Russian: Жнибороды) is a village in Chortkiv Raion (district) of Ternopil Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It belongs to Buchach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.