hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon T. Pitts
Jon T. Pitts (1948–2024) was an American mathematician who worked on geometric analysis and variational calculus. He was a professor at Texas A&M University.

Pitts was born on 10 January 1948. Pitts obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1974 under the supervision of Frederick Almgren, Jr., with the thesis Every Compact Three-Dimensional Manifold Contains Two-Dimensional Minimal Submanifolds.

He received a Sloan Fellowship in 1981.

The Almgren–Pitts min-max theory is named after his teacher and him.

Pitts died on 30 May 2024.

Sloan Research Fellowship
The Sloan Research Fellowships are awarded annually by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation since 1955 to "provide support and recognition to early-career scientists and scholars". This program is one of the oldest of its kind in the United States.

Fellowships were initially awarded in physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Awards were later added in neuroscience (1972), economics (1980), computer science (1993), computational and evolutionary molecular biology (2002), and ocean sciences or earth systems sciences (2012). Winners of these two-year fellowships are awarded $75,000, which may be spent on any expense supporting their research.  From 2012 through 2020, the foundation awarded 126 research fellowships each year; in 2021, 128 were awarded, and 118 were awarded in 2022.
300 m rifle three positions
300 m rifle three positions (formerly known as one of four free rifle disciplines) is an ISSF shooting event, involving shooting 40 shots each from the prone, the standing and the kneeling positions. Men and women both shoot the same number of shots, though previously women only shot half the course – or 20 shots in each position.

Originally there had been champions declared in each position based on the results of the 40 shots in the three position match. A special 300 metre rifle prone match was added in 1982 however, after a pattern from the so-called English Match. After 1990, no World Championship medals have been awarded in the standing or kneeling position.

Prone position
Prone position (/proʊn/) is a body position in which a person lies flat with their chest down and their back up. In anatomical terms of location, the dorsal or posterior side is facing up, and the ventral or anterior side is facing down. The supine position is the prone position's contrast, rotated 180°. To move into prone position is to pronate.
Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (Bas-SqCC) is an uncommon histological variant of lung cancer composed of cells exhibiting cytological and tissue architectural features of both squamous cell lung carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
Đại Việt National Socialist Party
The Đại Việt National Socialist Party (Vietnamese: Đại-Việt Quốc-gia Xã-hội Đảng, chữ Hán: 大越國家社會黨) was a nationalist political party founded in 1936 in Vietnam in the Hội Phục Việt (with Vietnam Patriotic Party and Annam Nationalist Party), following nationalism, inspired by the Kempeitai. It was pro-Japanese, it also supported Vietnamese independence and unification under the Nguyễn dynasty. Its headquarters was located in Hanoi, Northern Vietnam (Tonkin).

Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three sub-regions: the Northwest (vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng bằng sông Hồng). Unlike tropical Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.

The region was historically referred to by various names in Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ during the Nguyễn dynasty, Bắc Bộ from 1945 to the present (encompassing the Empire of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and Bắc Phần, sometimes Bắc Việt, during the State of Vietnam.

It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
2-Piece handicap
The 2-Piece (二枚落ち nimai-ochi) handicap in shogi has both of White's major pieces (the rook and the bishop) removed. Thus, White is left with pawns, golds, silvers, knights, and lances.

Black has the usual setup of twenty pieces.

The 2-Piece handicap is an official handicap of the Japan Shogi Association.

Japan Shogi Association
The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, Nihon Shōgi Renmei), or JSA, is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan. The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.
Central Market (Texas)
Central Market is an American gourmet grocery store chain owned by H-E-B Grocery Company, based in Dallas, Texas.  Most locations also have a full-service kitchen, offer cooking and wine classes in their culinary school, and offer catering services. The chain has ten locations, all in Texas. Central Market was named "Outstanding Specialty Food Retailer" by Specialty Food Magazine and the National Association for Specialty Food Trade.

Cooking school
A cooking school is an institution devoted to education in the art and science of cooking and food preparation. There are many different types of cooking schools around the world, some devoted to training professional chefs, others aimed at amateur enthusiasts, with some being a mixture of the two. Amateur cooking schools are often intertwined with culinary tourism in many countries. Programs can vary from half a day to several years. Some programs lead to an academic degree or a recognized vocational qualification, while others do not. Many programs include practical experience in the kitchen of a restaurant attached to the school or a period of work experience in a privately owned restaurant.
Champagne Airlines
Champagne Airlines was an airline based in Reims, France. It was established in 1998 and operated air-taxi, executive services, and scheduled services.  Its main base was Reims Airport (RHE), with hubs at Le Havre Octeville Airport and Paris - Le Bourget Airport.
Heli-Champagne, its sister company, provided helicopter transport services.

In November 2005, authorization to operate air services was withdrawn following bankruptcy.

Le Havre–Octeville Airport
Le Havre–Octeville Airport (French: Aéroport Le Havre–Octeville) (IATA: LEH, ICAO: LFOH) is an airport serving the city of Le Havre in France. The airport is located in Octeville-sur-Mer, 5 km (3 NM) north-northwest of Le Havre, both communes in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.
Light Shift
Light Shift (22 March 2004 – 28 March 2014) was an American-bred, British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the 2007 Epsom Oaks. In a racing career which lasted from June 2006 to October 2007 the filly ran nine times and won four races. After winning once as a two-year-old, Light Shift won the Cheshire Oaks on her second appearance as a three-year-old. She then won the Classic Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom, beating the Irish filly Peeping Fawn. Light Shift never won another race, being beaten by Peeping Fawn in the Irish Oaks and the Nassau Stakes and finishing unplaced in the Prix de l'Opéra.

Nassau Stakes
The Nassau Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 197 yards (1,991 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Hemlal Murmu
Hemlal Murmu is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Rajmahal constituency of Jharkhand and was the Bharatiya Janata Party candidate from Rajmahal (Lok Sabha Constituency) in 2019. He left the party in 2023 and is currently a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

He is a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Litipara as a Member of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections were held on 20 November 2024 to elect all 288 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The turnout for the election was 66.05%, the highest since 1995. The BJP-led Maha Yuti alliance won a landslide victory, winning 235 seats of the  288 seats in which the election was held. None of the parties in the Maha Vikas Aghadi alliance won the necessary number of seats to obtain the position of leader of opposition, a first in six decades.

Following the election, the BJP's leadership chose Devendra Fadnavis as their choice for chief minister on 4 December 2024. He took the oath as the chief minister for the third time on 5 December 2024.
1962 British Grand Prix
The 1962 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Aintree on 21 July 1962. It was race 5 of 9 in both the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. This was the last race at Aintree. From 1963 onwards, the race would be held at Silverstone or Brands Hatch. Scotsman Jim Clark dominated the race, driving a Lotus 25. It was considered a power track, benefitting the light and powerful Lotus and Lola cars in particular. Ferrari were still sidelined due to the Italian metal workers' strike but managed to send one car for Phil Hill.

Phil Hill
Philip Toll Hill Jr. (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1958 to 1966. Hill won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1961 with Ferrari, and won three Grands Prix across eight seasons. In endurance racing, Hill was a three-time winner of both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 12 Hours of Sebring, all with Ferrari. Upon winning the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1964 with NART, Hill became the first driver to complete the Triple Crown of endurance racing.

Hill was one of two American drivers to win the World Drivers' Championship alongside Mario Andretti, and the only one who was born in the United States. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically."
2015 Bodoland Territorial Council election
The 2015 Bodoland Territorial Council election was held on Wednesday, 8 April 2015 to elect the 3rd council of the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts. All 40 seats in the legislative assembly were set up for election. Bodoland People's Front won the election for the third consecutive term by winning 20 seats and 28.5 percent of the votes. BPF also lost 11 seats in contrast to the last election in which they won 31 seats.

Independent candidates won 15 seats, followed by AIUDF winning 4 seats and 1 by the BJP. The INC, which was the ruling party of Assam at the time, did not win a seat.

Bodoland People's Front
The Bodoland People's Front (BPF) is a state political party in Assam, India. The party is headquartered in Kokrajhar Town and was previously part of the ruling government in the autonomous region of Bodoland. The BPF and UPPL are the two main regional parties of Assam from Bodoland.
Palam A Stadium
Palam A Stadium, also known as Air Force Station or Model Sports Complex, is a cricket ground in Dwarka Road, Sport View, Palam Air Force Base, Delhi Cantonment,  New Delhi.

The ground was established in 1958, and since then it has been regular venue for cricket for the Services cricket team. The ground has also hosted few matches for the Delhi and Railways cricket teams. As of early February 2025 it has held 149 first-class matches, 69 List A matches and 52 Twenty20 matches. In 2011, the International Cricket Council approved the ground for use as a practice venue for the World Cup; 19 practice sessions took place there.

The ground is very close to Indira Gandhi International Airport, and planes approaching the airport fly low about 100 metres south of the ground before coming in to land on the other side of Dwarka Road. Although the ground is used for Ranji Trophy matches, public entry is restricted, as the ground is within Delhi Cantt area.

Railways cricket team
Railways cricket team (also known as the Indian Railways) is a domestic cricket team in India representing  Indian Railways. The team's home ground is East Coast Railway Stadium in Bhubaneswar and Karnail Singh Stadium in New Delhi.  The team is run by the Railways Sports Promotion Board which fields the Railways cricket team in domestic cricket competitions in India such as the Ranji Trophy.
Khouw Kim An
Khouw Kim An, 5th Majoor der Chinezen (Chinese: 許金安; pinyin: Xǔ Jīn'ān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó͘ Kim-an; 1875 – February 13, 1945) was a high-ranking Chinese Indonesian bureaucrat, public figure and landlord who served as the fifth and last Majoor der Chinezen ("Major of the Chinese") of Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta). The Chinese Mayoralty was the highest-ranking, Chinese government position in the East Indies with considerable political and judicial jurisdiction over the colony's Chinese subjects. The Batavian Mayoralty was one of the oldest public institutions in the Dutch colonial empire, perhaps second only in antiquity to the viceregal post of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.

Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië, Indonesian: Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.
Győröcske
Győröcske is a small village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary. It is next to the Slovak border (at Malé Trakany) and near the Ukrainian border (at Chop and Solomonovo) and was part of Ung county before the Treaty of Trianon.

Solomonovo
Solomonovo (Ukrainian: Соломоново; Hungarian: Tiszasalamon, Salamon) is a village in Uzhhorod Raion (district) of Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It is located 2 km (1.2 mi) west of the Chop railway station. It had a population of 1,342, according to the 2001 census.

It is the most western Ukrainian municipality. The distance to the most eastern village Rannya Zorya in the Luhansk Oblast is 1,500 km (930 mi). The village is located in close proximity to the city of Chop and Ukrainian border with Hungary and Slovakia.

The village is well known for its Škoda owned Eurocar subsidiary. Situated on the Highway M06 (part of the European route E573), in the village is located vehicle border crossing with Hungary Chop–Tysa to Záhony and railway border crossing with Slovakia Chop–Strazh to Čierna nad Tisou.

According to the Ukrainian Census, about 60% of the population speak Hungarian, while over 37% speak the Ukrainian language.
Scamon of Mytilene
Scamon (Ancient Greek: Σκάμων) of Mytilene was an ancient Greek historian. He wrote a treatise entitled Περὶ Εὑρημάτων (alternatively translated as about "discoveries" or "inventions").
According to the Suda, Scamon claimed that Actaeus named the Phoenician letters in honor of his daughter Phoenice after she died a virgin.

Athenaeus, in his work Deipnosophists, wrote that Scamon claimed that the satyric dance known as the Sicinnis was so named from ἀπὸ τοῦ σείεσθα ("being shaken"), and that its first dancer was Thersippus.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Nur–Muzaffarabad Branch Line
Nur–Muzaffarabad Branch Line  is one of several railway lines in Pakistan semi-proposed by Pakistan Railways. The semi-proposed 128 km (80 mi) line begins at Nur Junction on the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line and will end at Muzaffarabad in Azad Jammu & Kashmir.

Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad is a city in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the largest city and the capital of Azad Kashmir, which is a Pakistani-administered administrative territory.

The city is located in Muzaffarabad District, near the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district is bounded by the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District in the north.
Eight Li brothers
The Eight Li Brothers, also referred to as the Eight Stallions of the Li Family (Chinese: 黎氏八骏), are eight brothers from the Li family of Xiangtan, Hunan, China who lived during the 20th century. They included the linguist Li Jinxi, the musician Li Jinhui, and the novelist Chin Yang Lee (Li Jinyang), who wrote The Flower Drum Song which was adapted into a Broadway musical and an Oscar-nominated Hollywood film Flower Drum Song.

Xiangtan
Xiangtan (Chinese: 湘潭) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Hunan province, south-central China. The hometowns of several founding leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Chairman Mao Zedong, President Liu Shaoqi, and Marshal Peng Dehuai, are in Xiangtan's administration, as well as the hometowns of Qing dynasty  and republic era painter Qi Baishi, scholar-general Zeng Guofan, and tennis player Peng Shuai.

Xiangtan forms a part of the Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region with Changsha as the core city along with Zhuzhou, also known as Changzhutan City Cluster, one of the core cities in Central China.

Xiangtan is one of the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index. It is home to Xiangtan University, a Double First-Class Construction university, and two provincial key public universities of Hunan Institute of Engineering and Hunan University of Science and Technology, as well as a high-tech industrial development zone.
Claudia Giovine
Claudia Giovine (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudja ˈdʒoːvine]; born 18 July 1990) is an Italian former tennis player.

On 9 August 2010, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 257, whilst her best WTA doubles ranking is 190, achieved on 6 June 2011.

In her career, Giovine won twelve titles in singles and twenty-six in doubles at tournaments of the ITF Women's Circuit. She was coached by Elvy Intiglietta.

Her cousin is former tennis player Flavia Pennetta.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Neoprotoparmelia fuscosorediata
Neoprotoparmelia fuscosorediata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Kenya, it was described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected in the Nanyuki district of Central Province, where it was found growing on wood in a savannah, at an altitude of 2,050 m (6,730 ft). The specific epithet fuscosorediata refers to the colour of the soredia, which are pale brown to pale ochraceous.

Klaus Kalb
Klaus Kalb (born 1942) is a German lichenologist and an authority on tropical lichens. Born in Nuremberg, he studied at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg before pursuing a career that significantly advanced the field of lichenology, particularly in Brazil. Kalb's work in São Paulo from 1978 to 1981 led to a collaboration with Brazilian lichenologist Marcelo Pinto Marcelli, which is considered a model for non-commercial benefit-sharing in taxonomic research. He later became an associate professor at the University of Regensburg and is known for editing the exsiccata series Lichenes Neotropici. Kalb's contributions to lichenology include over 120 scientific publications, the description of numerous new species, and the development of a substantial lichen collection. His work has been recognised through various honours, including four lichen genera and numerous species named after him, as well as a Festschrift published in 2007 to mark his retirement.
2018 Yas Marina GP3 Series round
The 2018 Yas Marina GP3 Series round was the final round of the 2018 GP3 Series. It was held on 24 and 25 November 2018 at Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The race supported the 2018 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. The round was the last for Anthoine Hubert, who was promoted to 2019 FIA Formula 2 Championship, he winning in Monaco and Paul Ricard and died in Spa-Francorchamps.

2019 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round
The 2019 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round was a pair of motor races for Formula 2 cars that took place on 24 and 25 May 2019 at the Circuit de Monaco in Monte-Carlo, Monaco as part of the FIA Formula 2 Championship. It was the fourth round of the 2019 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was run in support of the 2019 Monaco Grand Prix.
Criticism of the Quran
Criticism of the Quran, the religious text held to be sacred by Islam, often concerns the text’s factual accuracy, moral tenability, and supposed inerrancy claimed by ulemas. Muslims regard the Quran as the perfect verbatim word of God revealed to Muhammad.

In critical and historical study, scholars, such as John Wansbrough, Joseph Schacht, Patricia Crone, and Michael Cook, seek to investigate and verify the Quran's origin, text, composition, and history, examining questions, puzzles, difficult text, etc. as they would non-sacred ancient texts. The most common criticisms concern various pre-existing sources that the Quran relies upon, internal consistency, clarity and ethical teachings. According to Toby Lester, many Muslims find not only the religious fault-finding, but also Western scholarly investigation of textual evidence, "disturbing and offensive".

Waḥy
Waḥy (also waḥi, Arabic: وَحْي, IPA: [wæħj]; pl.: وُحِي wuḥī, IPA: [ˈwʊħiː]) is the Arabic word for revelation. In Islamic belief, revelations are God's word delivered by his chosen individuals – known as messenger prophets – to mankind.