hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Schweizer
Peter Franz Schweizer (born November 24, 1964) is an American political consultant and writer. He is the president of the Government Accountability Institute (GAI), senior editor-at-large of far-right media organization Breitbart News, and a former fellow at the conservative Hoover Institution.

Schweizer wrote Clinton Cash, a 2015 book discussing donations made to the Clinton Foundation by foreign entities and Bill and Hillary Clinton's income after they left the White House in 2001. Journalists and fact-checking organizations have criticized the book for speculation, conclusions not supported by the evidence presented, and for misinformation and disinformation which were corrected in the Kindle edition.

Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines,  Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States.
Wawrzyniec (bishop of Wrocław)
Wawrzyniec, also known as Lawrence, was a medieval Bishop of Wrocław, Poland in the years 1207–1232.

According to Jan Długosz, a papal bull of Pope Innocent III required the Polish Princes not to interfere with the election of bishops. Polish bishops, led by Archbishop Henryk Kietlicz then advocated for Lawrence.

As bishop he established a number of churches and monasteries in the diocese.

Lawrence died 7 June 1232 and was interred in Lubiąż.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Echarate District
Echarate District (or Echarati) is one of fourteen districts of the province La Convención in Peru. The town of Echarte, near the Urubamba River, is the capital of the district. In 2016, part of Echarte district was incorporated into the newly created Megantoni District.

Vilcabamba, the capital of the Neo-Inca State from 1539 to 1572, is in Echarate District. The Neo-Inca State was the last refuge of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards and their indigenous allies in 1572, signaling the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule. Subsequently, Vilcabamba was abandoned and its location forgotten. In 1911, explorer Hiram Bingham mistakenly identified the abandoned ruin of Machu Picchu as Vilcabamba, but he also visited a ruin called Espiritu Pampa by local Peruvians. In 1964, Gene Savoy identified Espiritu Pampa as the fabled Vilcabamba, a designation widely accepted by archaeologists and historians.

Gene Savoy
Douglas Eugene "Gene" Savoy  (May 11, 1927 – September 11, 2007) was an American explorer, author, religious leader, and theologian. He served as Head Bishop of the International Community of Christ, Church of the Second Advent from 1971 until his death. Rising to prominence as one of the premier explorers of Peru in the 1960s, he is best known for his claims to have discovered more than 40 lost cities in Peru and is credited with bringing to light a number of Peru’s most important archeological sites, including Vilcabamba, the last refuge of the Incas during the Spanish conquest, and Gran Pajaten, which he named but did not discover.
Frank Ackerman
Francis Hopkirk Ackerman (October 17, 1946 – July 15, 2019) was an American economist known for his work in environmental economics, particularly in the areas of climate change and development. He is also known as a founder of the magazine Dollars & Sense.

Environmental economics
Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. Environmental economics "undertakes theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the world. Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
Governor Furnas Arboretum
The Governor Furnas Arboretum is a young arboretum located in Brownville, Nebraska, United States.

The arboretum was planted in 1992–93, and became an affiliate of the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum in 1996. It now contains over 100 species, including European beech, sweetgum, blackgum, willow oak, fringe tree, Balkan pine, and Japanese kerria.

The arboretum honors former Governor Robert W. Furnas, a Brownville native who became Nebraska's second governor in 1872. Together with Julius Sterling Morton, he promoted the planting of trees across Nebraska, and in 1874 signed a proclamation declaring the first Arbor Day.

Kerria japonica
Kerria japonica, commonly known as Japanese kerria or Japanese rose, is a deciduous, yellow-flowering shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to China and Japan. It is the only species in the genus Kerria. In the wild, it grows in thickets on mountain slopes. Japanese kerria has been used for medicine and is also planted in gardens. A double-flowered cultivar, K. japonica 'Pleniflora', is commonly called bachelor's buttons. When cultivated in the Central-Southern U.S., the plant is usually called Yellow Rose of Texas. Although genus Kerria is in the rose family, it is not a true rose.
Ichnia Raion
Ichnia Raion  (Ukrainian: Ічнянський район) was a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the city of Ichnia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Ichnia Raion was merged into Pryluky Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 29,658 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Ichnia urban hromada with the administration in Ichnia;

Parafiivka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Parafiivka.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Dodge 300
The Dodge 300 was a medium- to heavy-duty cab over truck built by Dodge's British arm at their Kew plant from 1957 until the mid-1960s. It was replaced by the Ghia-designed Dodge 500 which appeared in late 1964. Following the retirement of the 300, Dodge's Kew plant was shuttered as production was moved to Dunstable.

Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.
Paso Robles Press
The Paso Robles Press is a weekly printed newspaper and daily online publication based in Paso Robles, California, United States that serves the residents of northern San Luis Obispo County. It is operated by 13 Stars Media, with a readership primarily in Paso Robles and surrounding communities, including Templeton, San Miguel and Shandon.

Shandon, California
Shandon is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. The population was 1,168 at the 2020 census, down from 1,295 at the 2010 census. Shandon lies by the San Juan River.
Fred Ford (musician)
Fred "Sweet Daddy Goodlow" Ford (February 14, 1930 – November 26, 1999) was an American blues and jazz artist, composer, arranger and educator.  Ford was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to Boss Fred Ford and Nancy Taylor Ford.

Known mostly for his baritone saxophone skills, Ford began his musical career in 1943 on clarinet at Frederick Douglass High School, as a part of the Douglass Swingsters Orchestra and the Andrew Chaplin Band, with influence by the Memphis born bandleader, Jimmie Lunceford.

Douglass High School (Memphis, Tennessee)
Douglass High School is a public high school (grades 9-12) in Memphis, United States, Tennessee, operated in the Memphis-Shelby County Schools. Located in the African American Douglass neighborhood in North Memphis, it is named for Frederick Douglass, a 19th-century abolitionist.
WDNS
WDNS (93.3 FM) is a classic rock-formatted radio station licensed to, located in, and serving Bowling Green, Kentucky. The station is owned by the Daily News Broadcasting Company as part of a duopoly with News Talk Information station WKCT (930 AM). Both stations share studios on College Street in downtown Bowling Green, and its transmitter is located along Iron Bridge Road adjacent to the Barren River southeast of the city.

Duopoly (broadcasting)
A duopoly (or twinstick, referring to "stick" as jargon for a radio tower) is a situation in television and radio broadcasting in which two or more stations in the same city or community share common ownership.
1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's singles
Monica Seles defeated Judith Wiesner in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1990 Miami Open.

Gabriela Sabatini was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Conchita Martínez.

Judith Wiesner
Judith Wiesner (née Pölzl; born 2 March 1966) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. During her career, she won five top-level singles titles and three tour doubles titles. Her career high rankings were world No. 12 in singles (in 1997), and No. 29 in doubles (in 1989). In 1996, Wiesner was a quarterfinalist at both Wimbledon and the US Open.
Barramundi orogeny
The Barramundi orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now Australia between 1.88 and 1.84 billion years ago in the Proterozoic that affected Mount Isa and Pine Creek orogenic domains. Immediately before the orogeny, extension of Archean crust led to widespread basin formation. A large magmatic, granitoid forming event during the orogeny produced rocks with unusually similar chemistry. Other rocks include monzogranites, syenogranites, dacite and rhyolite rich in phenocrysts, ignimbrite sheets, and hornblende-tonalite.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
Markocice railway station
Markocice (German: Markersdorf Haltepunkt) was a railway station on the Zittau–Heřmanice railway in the Markocice district of Bogatynia, Zgorzelec County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland.

Zgorzelec County
Zgorzelec County (Polish: powiat zgorzelecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. It is situated in the extreme south-west of Poland, bordering both Germany and the Czech Republic. The county covers an area of 838.1 square kilometres (323.6 sq mi). Its administrative seat is Zgorzelec, on the German border; the other towns in the county are Bogatynia, Pieńsk, Zawidów and Węgliniec.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 89,612. The most populated towns are Zgorzelec with 30,374 inhabitants and Bogatynia with 17,436 inhabitants.
2006 Damallsvenskan
The 2006 Damallsvenskan was the 19th season of the Damallsvenskan. Matches were played between 17 April and 29 October 2006. Umeå IK won the league, defending their title from the previous year. It was Umeå's fourth title overall. Djurgården/Älvsjö finished second, 21 points behind the champions. This was the biggest gap between first and second place in Damalsvenskan's history. Linköpings FC finished third.

The previous season, Bälinge IF and Jitex BK were promoted. Jitex were relegated again, together with Mallbackens IF.

Winners are marked in green, and relegated teams in pink. (N) marks newly promoted teams, and (M) marks the defending champions.

Linköping FC
Linköping Football Club (Swedish: [ˈlɪnːˌɕøːpɪŋ]) is an association football club from Linköping, Sweden. The club was established in 2003 when Kenty DFF women's football club decided to merge with the premier division ice hockey club Linköping HC under the new name Linköping FC. The club's goal was both to establish women's football as a sport in Linköping and eventually become one of the top four teams.
El Gran Show season 13
Season two of the 2015 edition of El Gran Show premiered on August 8, 2015.

In this season the format of professional dancers returned instead of dreamers. In addition, this was the first season to cancel a live show, as there was a fire on the set, forcing production to cancel the broadcast.

On October 31, 2015, actor Ismael La Rosa and Michelle Vallejos were declared the winners, actor and singer Erick Elera and Andrea Huapaya finished second, while singer Milena Zárate and Anselmo Pedraza finished third.

Pachanga
Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an accompanying signature style of dance. This type of music has a festive, lively style and is marked by jocular, mischievous lyrics. Pachanga originated in Cuba in the 1950s and played an important role in the evolution of Caribbean style music as it is today. Considered a prominent contributor to the eventual rise of salsa, Pachanga itself is an offshoot music played by charangas. Very similar in sound to Cha-Cha but with a notably stronger down-beat, Pachanga once experienced massive popularity all across the Caribbean and was brought to the United States by Cuban immigrants post World War II. This led to an explosion of Pachanga music in Cuban music clubs that influenced Latin culture in the United States for decades to come.
1968 Giro di Lombardia
The 1968 Giro di Lombardia was the 62nd edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 12 October 1968. The race started in Milan and finished in Como. The race was won by Herman Van Springel of the Dr. Mann team.

Dr. Mann (cycling team)
Dr. Mann was a Belgian professional cycling team that existed from 1960 to 1970. Its main sponsor was proprietary medicine producer Dr. Mann. Its most notable victory was Herman Van Springel's win of the 1968 Giro di Lombardia.
Ridge (surname)
Ridge is an English surname. Additionally, as an Anglo-Irish surname, Ridge may translate Mac an Iomaire or Mac Con Iomaire.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Ridge (born 1934), Australian politician

Albert Alphonso Ridge (1898–1967), American judge

Antonia Ridge (1895–1981), Dutch-British writer and broadcaster

Ben Ridge (born 1989), Australian rugby league footballer

John Ridge or Yellow Bird (1802–1839), member of the Cherokee Tribe, son of Major Ridge

John Rollin Ridge or Cheesquatalawny (1827–1867), member of the Cherokee tribe, first Native American novelist

Major Ridge or Pathkiller II (1771–1839), Cherokee Indian leader

Matthew Ridge (born 1968), New Zealand rugby footballer

Sophy Ridge (born 1984), English journalist

Sterling Ridge (1936–2012), American politician

Stuart Ridge (born 1961), English cricketer

Tom Ridge (born 1945), American politician and author

Sophy Ridge
Sophy Ridge (born 16 October 1984) is an English television journalist. She has worked for Sky News since 2011.

Born in London, Ridge studied English Literature at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, before working for the tabloid newspaper News of the World. She left the newspaper to join Sky News as a political correspondent in 2011. Six years later, she started hosting her own politics show on the channel, Sophy Ridge on Sunday.

Ridge hosted the primetime show Politics Hub with Sophy Ridge from September 2023 to October 2025. She was also involved in the 2024 general election coverage on Sky News. Ridge began presenting Sky News Breakfast in November 2025 alongside Wilfred Frost.
2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade
The 2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade was a military parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 9 May 2019 to commemorate the 74th anniversary of the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945. It was the largest of all the parades held on this day in Russia and in many former republics of the Soviet Union.

The annual parade marks the Allied victory in World War II on the Eastern Front and commemorates the signing of the German act of capitulation to the Allies in Berlin, at midnight on 9 May 1945 (Russian time). The President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, delivered his sixteenth commemorative address to the nation after the parade inspection presided over by Minister of Defence General of the Army Sergey Shoygu, accompanied by the parade commander General of the Army Oleg Salyukov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, who participated in the parade for the sixth straight year.

Separate Operational Purpose Division
The Separate Operational Purpose Division (ODON; Russian: Отдельная дивизия оперативного назначения, romanized: Otdel'naya diviziya operativnogo naznacheniya) or OMSDON (a.k.a. Dzerzhinsky Division), is a rapid deployment internal security division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and then the Internal Troops of Russia Russian Federation, currently part of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation.
Pont de Sèvres station
Pont de Sèvres station (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ d(ə) sɛvʁ]) is a station of the Paris Métro on Line 9, serving as its western terminus. It is located near the Pont de Sèvres, which is a bridge on the Seine connecting to Sèvres.

Sèvres
Sèvres (/ˈsɛvrə/, French: [sɛvʁ(ə)] ⓘ) is a French commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It is located 9.9 kilometres (6.2 miles) from the centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 22,303. The commune is known for its famous porcelain production at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, which was also where the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) was signed.
Jimmy Kaufman
James Kaufman (born April 1, 1949), known as Jimmy Kaufman or Jim Kaufman, is a film director, a photographer and an artist from Montreal, best known for directing the movies   Time at the Top and Whiskers, and episodes of TV series like Stargate SG-1, The Hunger and The Outer Limits (1995 TV series).   Kaufman's photography series evolves around North-American journeys, with an accent on his personal relations with nature.

The Hunger (TV series)
The Hunger is a British/Canadian television horror anthology series, co-produced by Scott Free Productions, Telescene Film Group Productions and the Canadian premium television channel The Movie Network. It was created by Jeff Fazio.

Originally shown on the Sci Fi Channel in the UK, The Movie Network in Canada and Showtime in the United States, the series was broadcast from 1997 to 2000, and is internally organized into two seasons. Each episode was based around an independent story introduced by the host; Terence Stamp hosted each episode for the first season, and was replaced in the second season by David Bowie. Stories tended to focus on themes of self-destructive desire and obsession, with a strong component of soft-core erotica; popular tropes for the stories included cannibalism, vampires, sex, and poison.
Donal Brennan
Donal Brennan (born 1986) is a Gaelic footballer from County Laois.

He usually plays in attack for Laois and in 2003 was part of the Laois team that won the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship title for the first time since 1997.

In 2004, he was part of the minor team which won the Leinster Minor Football Championship. That same year he made his debut with the Laois senior team in the replay of the Leinster Senior Football Championship final when Laois lost out to Westmeath.

In 2006 and again in 2007, Brennan was part of the Laois team that won the Leinster U21 Football Championship.

At club level, Brennan usually lines out as a forward with Arles–Killeen.

Westmeath GAA
The Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí) or Westmeath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Westmeath. The county board is also responsible for the Westmeath county teams.

The county football team won the Leinster Senior Football Championship in 2004. The county hurling team contests the Liam MacCarthy Cup via the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.
Truncated Newton method
The truncated Newton method, originated in a paper by Ron Dembo and Trond Steihaug, also known as Hessian-free optimization, are a family of optimization algorithms designed for optimizing non-linear functions with large numbers of independent variables. A truncated Newton method consists of repeated application of an iterative optimization algorithm to approximately solve Newton's equations, to determine an update to the function's parameters. The inner solver is truncated, i.e., run for only a limited number of iterations. It follows that, for truncated Newton methods to work, the inner solver needs to produce a good approximation in a finite number of iterations; conjugate gradient has been suggested and evaluated as a candidate inner loop. Another prerequisite is good preconditioning for the inner algorithm.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.