hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IC 3583
IC 3583 is an irregular galaxy some 30 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by Isaac Roberts on April 29, 1892.

It may seem to have no discernable structure, but IC 3583 has been found to have a bar of stars running through its centre. These structures are common throughout the Universe, and are found within the majority of spiral, many irregular, and some lenticular galaxies. Two of our closest cosmic neighbours, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, are barred, indicating that they may have once been barred spiral galaxies that were disrupted or torn apart by the gravitational pull of the Milky Way.

Something similar might be happening with IC 3583. This small galaxy is thought to be gravitationally interacting with one of its neighbours, the spiral Messier 90. Together, the duo form a pairing known as Arp 76. It is still unclear whether these flirtations are the cause of IC 3583's irregular appearance.

Isaac Roberts
Isaac Roberts FRS (27 January 1829 – 17 July 1904) was a Welsh engineer and businessman best known for his work as an amateur astronomer, pioneering the field of astrophotography of nebulae. He was a member of the Liverpool Astronomical Society in England and was a fellow of the Royal Geological Society. Roberts was also awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1895.
Tolyl group
In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene.  They have the general formula CH3C6H4−R. The change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers: 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para). Tolyl groups are aryl groups which are commonly found in the structure of diverse chemical compounds. They are considered nonpolar and hydrophobic groups.

The functionalization to include tolyl groups into compounds is often done by Williamson etherification, using tolyl alcohols as reagents, or by C-C coupling reactions. Tolyl sulfonates are excellent leaving groups in nucleophilic substitutions, for this reason, they are commonly generated as intermediaries to activate alcohols. To this end, 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride is reacted in the presence of a base with the corresponding alcohol.

4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2Cl.  This white, malodorous solid is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis.  Abbreviated TsCl or TosCl, it is a derivative of toluene and contains a sulfonyl chloride (−SO2Cl) functional group.
Lim Shengyu
Lim Shengyu (born 7 December 1990) is a Singaporean professional basketball player who plays forward, most recently for the Singapore Slingers in the Asean Basketball League (ABL).

After winning the Most Valuable Player Award in both his two years playing for Hwa Chong Institution, Shengyu was selected as one of three Singaporean players to attend the Adidas Nations basketball camp in Shanghai and represent Singapore to participate in the NBA Without Borders Camp in New Delhi in 2008.

Lim also spent 10 years in the Singapore National Basketball (Senior) team, winning 2 bronze medals for his country in both the 2013 and 2015 editions of the Southeast Asian Games. Lim is best known for his sharp-shooting, especially his ability to make the three-point shot.

ASEAN Basketball League
The ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) was an international professional men's basketball league in Southeast Asia, composed of eight teams from Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition to Hong Kong and Macau. Earlier teams have included Taiwan and Brunei. The league was proposed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and launched its inaugural season on 1 October 2009.
GNR Class N2
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Class N2 is an 0-6-2T side tank steam locomotive designed by Nigel Gresley and introduced in 1920. Further batches were built by the London and North Eastern Railway from 1925. They had superheaters and piston valves driven by Stephenson valve gear.

Some locomotives were fitted with condensing apparatus for working on the Metropolitan Railway Widened Lines between King's Cross and Moorgate.

Stephenson valve gear
The Stephenson valve gear or Stephenson link or shifting link is a simple design of valve gear that was widely used throughout the world for various kinds of steam engines. It is named after Robert Stephenson but was invented by his employees.
Hammersmith Odeon, London '75
Hammersmith Odeon, London '75 is a concert video and the fourth live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, released in 2006. It is a full-length recording of their performance on November 18, 1975, at the Hammersmith Odeon in London, a gig promoted by John Curd, during their Born to Run tours. It was first released as a DVD on November 14, 2005, as part of the Born to Run 30th Anniversary Edition package, and then several months later on February 28, 2006, released as an audio CD. The album was reissued on vinyl for the first time for Record Store Day on April 22, 2017.

Boyce and Hart
Sidney Thomas Boyce (September 29, 1939 – November 23, 1994) and Robert Luke Harshman (February 18, 1939 – September 10, 2025), known professionally as Bobby Hart, were an American duo of singer-songwriters. In addition to three top-40 hits as artists, the duo is well known for its songwriting for the Monkees.
Cowcow
Cowcow is a Japanese comedy duo managed by the entertainment conglomerate Yoshimoto Kogyo who perform manzai comedy. The members, Yoshi (善し, born Yoshi Yamada (山田 與志, Yamada Yoshi), October 19, 1974), the tsukkomi of the group, and Kenji Tada (多田 健二, Tada Kenji, born August 8, 1974), the boke, are both from Osaka Prefecture. They have been guests on quite a few TV variety shows, such as Mecha-Mecha Iketeru!.

Mecha-Mecha Iketeru!
Mecha-Mecha Iketeru! (めちゃ²イケてるッ!; transl. What a Cool We Are! [sic]) was a popular Japanese variety show, shown on Fuji TV. The first episode aired on 16 October 1996 and the last episode aired on 31 March 2018. The hosts of the show were the owarai duo Ninety-Nine (Takashi Okamura and Hiroyuki Yabe). The show was also known as Mecha-Ike (めちゃイケ).
RGC100
RGC100 is an immune stimulant drug.  It has a molecular weight of 64.9 KDa that activated dendritic cells of the human immune system.  It specifically targets endosomal TLR3 with good solubility and serum stability.

Endosome
Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Soap Creek (Missouri)
Soap Creek is a stream in Morgan County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary to the Lake of the Ozarks.

The stream headwaters arise at 38°16′09″N 92°54′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.26917°N 92.90250°W﻿ / 38.26917; -92.90250 and it flows generally east to its confluence with the waters of Lake of the Ozarks at 38°16′26″N 92°48′44″W﻿ / ﻿38.27389°N 92.81222°W﻿ / 38.27389; -92.81222. The source area lies just east of Missouri Route 135 and it passes under Missouri Route 5 approximately three miles south of Gravois Mills, Missouri just before entering the Lake. Prior to flooding of the lake the stream entered Gravois Creek about 2.5 miles further east.

Soap Creek was so named on account of deposits of soapstone in the area.

Soapstone
Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock.  It is composed largely of the magnesium-rich mineral talc.  It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism, which occur in subduction zones, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years.
Great Western Steam Laundry
The Great Western Steam Laundry was a laundry in South Jordanhill in the western suburbs of Glasgow, Scotland.

It was built between 1883 and 1885 and was designed by John Russell Mackenzie. It served the miners in the area.

The laundry ceased operations in the early 1960s and was destroyed by arson some years later. As the site had long been used for non-residential purposes, car showrooms were erected on the commercial site. In the 1980s a toy superstore opened on the site, causing traffic congestion along Crow Road and Balshgray Avenue before the attraction waned.

Jordanhill
Jordanhill (Scots: Jordanhull, Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc Iòrdain) is an affluent area of the West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The area consists largely of terraced housing dating from the early to mid 20th century, with some detached and semi-detached homes and some modern apartments.

Jordanhill College of Education and then the University of Strathclyde faculty of education were formerly in the area and the associated school has a high reputation.
August Peet
August Peet (25 April 1881, Pati Parish – unknown)was an Estonian lawyer and politician. Between 1918 and 1919, he was Minister of Internal Affairs.

Peet was arrested by the NKVD on 19 July 1940 in Tallinn. On 8 March 1941, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison. His fate afterwards is unknown.

Ministry of the Interior (Estonia)
The Ministry of the Interior of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Siseministeerium) is a Ministry in the Estonian Government first established in 1918, before being restored in 1991. The current Minister of the Interior is Igor Taro.

In 2018, Estonia’s ministry of interior planned to introduce the world’s first digital nomad visa in accordance to celebrating its 100 years of independence. The purpose of this visa is to allow non-Estonians access to Estonian services from abroad. This is an addition to groundbreaking initiatives like e-residency and border-less banking which has listed the country as one of the most digitally advanced nations of the decade.
Samgye-tang
Samgye-tang (Korean: 삼계탕), or "ginseng chicken soup" is a tang (Korean soup) that consists primarily of a whole young chicken (poussin) or quail filled with garlic, rice, jujube and ginseng. It is traditionally considered to be a health food. Samgye-tang is a representative summer health food. Soup made with chicken that is slightly larger than the chick is called yeonggye baeksuk, and the chicken is divided into half is called banggye-tang.

Poussin (chicken)
In Commonwealth countries, poussin (pronounced /ˈpuːsæn/ is less commonly called coquelet) is a butcher's term for a young chicken, less than 28 days old at slaughter and usually weighing 400–450 grams (14–16 oz) but not above 750 grams (26 oz). It is sometimes also called spring chicken, although the term spring chicken usually refers to chickens weighing 750–850 grams (26–30 oz).  The word is the French language term for the same thing.  Normally a portion is a whole poussin per person.

In the United States, poussin is an alternative name for a small-sized cross-breed chicken called Rock Cornish game hen, developed in the late 1950s, which is twice as old and twice as large as the typical British poussin.
William Fairall
William Fairall (c.1722–1749) was an English outlaw, highwayman, smuggler and senior member of the Hawkhurst Gang, a notorious gang of smugglers based in Kent and Sussex.

He was baptised in Goudhurst on 3 March 1722, the son of Roger and Mary Fairall, but later orphaned.

Fairall was so notorious for his brutal courage "it was not considered safe to offend him". He became Thomas Kingsmill's second-in-command. In 1747, he was apprehended for smuggling in Sussex and sent for trial by James Butler Esq, but managed to escape. He later attempted to murder Butler and burn down his house in revenge. He was also involved in the murders of Galley and Chater. Fairall was present at the Goudhurst dispute and when the gang raided the Custom House, Poole in 1747.

On 26 April 1749, Fairall was hanged for housebreaking at Tyburn alongside Kingsmill. His body was sent to the High Sheriff of Kent to be gibbeted in Horsmonden.

The Highwayman, a pub in Horsmonden, was named for Fairall.

High Sheriff of Kent
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (prior to 1974 the office previously known as sheriff). Formerly the high sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now obsolete, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The high sheriff changes every March. The current High Sheriff is Jonathan Neame.

This is a list of high sheriffs of Kent.
Geoffrey Van Orden
Brigadier Geoffrey Charles Van Orden CBE (born 10 April 1945) is a British politician and former British Army officer who served as Leader of the Conservatives in the European Parliament from 2019 to 2020. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East of England region from 1999 to 2020.

East of England (European Parliament constituency)
East of England was a constituency of the European Parliament that was coterminous with the East of England region. It returned 7 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation, until the UK exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Bird control spike
A bird control spike, also known as an anti-roosting spike, pigeon spike, or roost modification, is a device consisting of long, needle-like rods used for bird control. Bird control spikes can be attached to building ledges, street lighting, and commercial signage to prevent wild or feral birds from perching or roosting. Birds can produce large quantities of unsightly and unhygienic feces, and some birds have very loud calls that can be inconvenient for nearby residents, especially at night. As a result, bird control spikes are used to deter these birds without causing them harm or killing them. In an unexpected adaptation, some birds have collected the spikes and used them in their nests.

Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
Robert Gunawardena
Don Benjamin Rupasinghe Gunawardena (12 March 1904 - 26 December 1971: Sinhala: රොබට් ගුණවර්ධන), popularly as Robert Gunawardena, was a Sri Lankan Marxist politician and diplomat. He was one of the founders of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, which was the first political party in Sri Lanka, and served as the long time MP for Kotte. He was the leader of the Suriya-Mal Movement and served as ambassador to China between 1965 and 1970.

Suriya-Mal Movement
The Suriya-Mal Movement was formed in the British colony of Ceylon to sell Suriya flowers on Poppy Day for the benefit of Sri Lankan ex-servicemen. The movement became anti-imperialist in character, and was also involved in relief work during the Malaria epidemic of 1934–1935.
Kabiru Sokoto
Kabiru Umar Abubakar Dikko predominantly known by his sobriquet Kabiru Sokoto is a convicted Nigerian terrorist and a member of the Nigerian Boko Haram terrorist group, Boko Haram. He was born in Northern Nigeria which is predominantly occupied by the Hausa people and Fulani tribe. He was the mastermind of the Christmas Day bombing of the St Theresa Roman Catholic church on 25 December 2011 in Madalla, Niger State which killed 37 Christians. Sokoto was arrested, fled custody the following day and was rearrested a month later. On 21 December 2013, Sokoto was sentenced to life imprisonment. During his trial, the presiding judge said that Sokoto had shown no remorse for his actions.

Madalla
Madalla is a town in Nigeria near the capital Abuja. It is in between Suleja and Abuja and mostly referred to as Abuja.

Madalla has some areas of attention like the surrounding rocky hills and mountains all over the town. It is a rural-urban Settlement with a population of about 80,000 individuals.
William Olvis
William Patrick Olvis (December 23, 1957 – May 6, 2014) was an American composer for film and television.  His most famous compositions were those for TV series Dr Quinn, Medicine Woman and Gabriel's Fire, then Pros and Cons.

He began his professional career in 1988 composing the score for the ABC telefilm Evil in Clear River and went on to compose and work on the scores for many TV series and films including Kill Me Again, 29th Street, Red Rock West, Separate Lives and Steal Big Steal Little.

Gabriel's Fire
Gabriel's Fire is an American crime drama television series created by Donald R. Boyle, Coleman Luck and Jacqueline Zambrano that ran on ABC from September 12, 1990, to June 6, 1991, in the United States during the 1990–91 television season. The series starred James Earl Jones, who won an Emmy Award for his performance.

A revamped version of the series, entitled Pros and Cons, aired briefly the following season.
Hallingdal FK
Hallingdal Fotballklubb is a Norwegian association football club from Hallingdal, Buskerud.

Hallingdal FK was founded on 23 March 1994 as an independent club; however, it was the intention to make it into an umbrella club for Nesbyen IL and IL Flåværingen. In late 1994, Nesbyen IL agreed to let Hallingdal FK become its legal successor and take over its place in the Fourth Division for both men and women. Hallingdal FK thus started competitive play in 1995.

The men's team played in the 2015 and 2016 Norwegian Third Division, and also reached the first rounds of the 2013 cup (losing 0–11 to Strømsgodset), the 2015 cup (losing 1–4 to Hønefoss) and the 2024 cup (losing 0–7 to Strømsgodset).

The women's team played in the Second Division for several years, until 2022. As of 2025, the club had no women's team.

Nesbyen IL
Nesbyen Idrettslag is a multi-sports club from Nes, Buskerud, Norway.

Established in 1902, it has sections for alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, association football, handball, athletics, and orienteering.

The athletics section arranged the Norwegian Championships in 1987. Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass competed in athletics for the club.

The club currently has no junior or senior teams in football. Nesbyen IL entered a merger to form the club Hallingdal FK in 1994.
Saxon V
The Saxon Class Vs were German, six-coupled, goods train, tender locomotives operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways.

They were the predecessors of the Saxon Class V V. Between 1859 and 1887 they were delivered in three batches of 24, 31 and 118 engines. They had an overhanging outer firebox and a steam dome. They had different types of valve gear; Allan, Gooch and Stephenson valve gear all being used at different stages. The first batch had Dampfschlitten brakes, the second steam-operated brake blocks and the third had Westinghouse compressed-air brakes.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 11 machines, which were given the numbers 53 8201 to 53 8211, and all were withdrawn from services by 1927.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
Mi prima Ciela
Mi prima Ciela (My Cousin Ciela) is a Venezuelan telenovela produced and broadcast by RCTV in 2007. It is a remake of two Venezuelan telenovelas, Elizabeth and Maite, both produced by the same channel in the 1980s based on a story written by Pilar Romero.

Monica Spear and Manuel Sosa as the main protagonists, and co-starring Flavia Gleske, Geronimo Gil, Raquel Yanez and Guillermo Perez.

Mónica Spear
Mónica Spear Mootz (1 October 1984 – 6 January 2014) was a Venezuelan actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Venezuela 2004. She represented Venezuela at Miss Universe 2005 in Bangkok, Thailand and finished as 4th runner-up. After her modeling career, she became a successful actress in Venezuelan telenovelas, and in the United States. Spear was murdered on 6 January 2014 along with her ex-husband, Thomas Berry, during a highway robbery while they vacationed in Venezuela with their five-year-old daughter, who survived the shooting.  Spear's murder sparked a wave of anti-government protests in Venezuela over rising crime in Venezuela.
Loricariichthys chanjoo
Loricariichthys chanjoo, one of a number of Loricariichthys species commonly known as Shitari, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is endemic to Peru, where it occurs in the Ucayali River basin, with its type locality being listed as Contamana. The species reaches 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
North American FJ-2/-3 Fury
The North American FJ-2 and FJ-3 Fury are a series of swept-wing and carrier-capable fighters for the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The FJ-2 resulted from an effort to navalize the North American F-86 Sabre operated by the United States Air Force. These aircraft feature folding wings, and a longer nose landing strut designed to increase angle of attack upon launch and to accommodate a longer oleo to absorb the shock of hard landings on an aircraft carrier deck.

Although sharing a U.S. Navy designation with its distant predecessor, the straight-winged North American FJ-1 Fury, the FJ-2/-3 were completely different aircraft (the later FJ-4 was again, a complete structural redesign of the FJ-3). The FJ-2 was one of the aircraft used to evaluate the first steam catapult on a US Navy aircraft-carrier.

Oleo strut
An oleo strut is a pneumatic air–oil hydraulic shock absorber used on the landing gear of most large aircraft and many smaller ones. This design cushions the impacts of landing and damps out vertical oscillations.

It is undesirable for an airplane to bounce on landing as it could lead to a loss of control, and the landing gear should not add to this tendency. A steel coil spring stores impact energy from landing and then releases it, while an oleo strut instead absorbs this energy, reducing bounce. As the strut compresses, the spring rate increases dramatically because the air is being compressed. The viscosity of the oil damps the rebound movement.