hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalonymus ben Meshullam
Kalonymus Ben Meshullam was a French Jew of the  Kalonymus family the son of Meshullam ben Kalonymus.

He was head of the Jewish community of Mainz at the time of the Rhineland massacres. He is said to have sent a messenger to King Henry IV in Italy, in consequence of which the king promulgated an order throughout his realm to the effect that the Jews were not to be molested. On 27 May 1096, however, Kalonymus led fifty-three other Jews, who had taken refuge from the Crusaders in the palace of Bishop Adalbert II of Worms, to meet the invaders in battle (led by Count Emicho) during the Worms massacre.

A provenance of the teachings of the Kalonymides (c.1220) by Eleazar of Worms indicates that Samuel of Speyer (father of Judah “the Pious” of Regensburg) may have been a son a of Kalonymous Ben Meshullam.

Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg (1150 – 22 February 1217), also called Yehuda HeHasid or Judah the Pious in Hebrew, was a leader of the Ashkenazi Hasidim a movement of Jewish mysticism in Germany (not to be confused with the 18th-century Hasidic Judaism founded by the Baal Shem Tov).

Judah was born in 1150 in the small town of Speyer, now in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, but later settled in Regensburg, now in Bavaria, in 1195. He wrote much of Sefer Hasidim ("Book of the Pious"), as well as a work about Gematria and Sefer Hakavod (Book of Glory); the latter has been lost and is only known by quotations that other authors have made from it. His most prominent students were Elazar Rokeach, Isaac ben Moses of Vienna author of Or Zarua and perhaps also Moses ben Jacob of Coucy according to Chaim Yosef David Azulai.
Betamethasone dipropionate
Betamethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, lotion or gel (Diprolene) to treat itching and other skin conditions such as eczema. Minor side effects include dry skin and mild, temporary stinging when applied. Betamethasone dipropionate is a "super high potency" corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. It is a synthetic analog of the adrenal corticosteroids. Although its exact mechanism of action is not known, it is effective when applied topically to cortico-responsive inflammatory dermatoses. It is available as a generic medication.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
Koinonia (band)
Koinonia was a Christian band who perform jazz-funk music.

Though less known in the United States, Koinonia established themselves as a huge sensation in Scandinavia and Western Europe, performing to sell-out crowds from 1982 to 1991 in Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Switzerland and France. Their Latin-infused rhythms and upbeat melodies gave them a distinct and cultured sound. Taken from a Greek word used in the Bible to mean “intimate fellowship”, Koinonia was notably one of the first Christian, though primarily instrumental, jazz bands.

Jazz-funk
Jazz-funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat, electrified sounds, and analog synthesizers.  The integration of funk, soul, and R&B music and styles into jazz resulted in the creation of a genre that ranges from pure jazz improvisation to soul, funk or disco with jazz arrangements, jazz riffs, jazz solos, and sometimes soul vocals. Similar genres to jazz funk include acid jazz.
Manticore (2022 film)
Manticore (Spanish: Mantícora) is 2022 psychological drama thriller film written and directed by Carlos Vermut, and starring Nacho Sánchez and Zoe Stein. An international co-production between Spain and Estonia that blends elements of mumblecore with tragedy and deals with its protagonist's hamartia, the film's storyline follows the romantic relationship between a video game designer (Sánchez) and an art history student (Stein), with the former hoping to find happiness with the latter and thus to subdue his recently awakened pedophilic impulses.

Manticore had its world premiere at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival. It was nominated for the 37th Goya Awards in four categories (Director, Original Screenplay, Leading Actor, New Actress). The film was released in Spain in December 2022.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
1924 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15
The 1924 Tour de France was the 18th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 22 June, and Stage 9 occurred on 8 July with a mountainous stage from Toulon. The race finished in Paris on 20 July.

Briançon
Briançon (French: [bʁijɑ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ, Occitan: [bɾjanˈsun]) is the sole subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an altitude of 1,326 metres (4,350 feet), based on the national definition as a community containing more than 2,000 inhabitants. It has about 11,000 inhabitants.

Briançon has been part of the Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites since they were established in 2008.
Cirricaecula macdowelli
Cirricaecula macdowelli is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John E. McCosker and John Ernest Randall in 1993. It is a subtropical, marine eel which is known from Taiwan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 22.8 centimetres.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Richmond v Adelaide (2006 AFL season)
In round 8, 2006, an Australian Football League home-and-away match was played between Richmond and Adelaide at Telstra Dome in Melbourne on 20 May 2006. The match is famous for its tactical battle, in which the out-of-form Richmond implemented a strategy of extreme possession retention through short kicks and uncontested marks to record an upset victory against the top-of-the-ladder Adelaide by three points.

Andrew Krakouer
Andrew James Krakouer (4 February 1983 – 30 March 2025) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club and Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
9E
9E or 9-E can refer to:

9th meridian east

IATA code for Endeavor Air

List of highways numbered 9E

Route 9E (WMATA); see List of Metrobus routes (Washington, D.C.)

AIM-9E, a model of AIM-9 Sidewinder

9e, French for 9th
Paris 9e (9e arrondissement), or 9th arrondissement of Paris
9e RIMA, or 9th Marine Infantry Regiment
9e Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes, or 9th Parachute Chasseur Regiment

HP 9E, Windows codepage 1250 in Hewlett-Packard printers

9th Marine Infantry Regiment
The 9th Marine Infantry Regiment (9e RIMa) is a infantry regiment of the Troupes de marine in the French Army, currently stationed at French Guiana. The troops are situated in the Cayenne district on the River Maroni, in the town of Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, the site of a former penal colony.
Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics
Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (Athena) is an X-ray observatory mission selected by European Space Agency (ESA) within its Cosmic Vision program to address the 'Hot and Energetic Universe' scientific theme. The primary goals of the mission are to map hot gas structures, determine their physical properties, and search for supermassive black holes.

Athena will operate in the energy range of 0.2–12 keV and will offer spectroscopic and imaging capabilities exceeding those of currently operating X-ray telescopes—e.g. the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton—by at least one order of magnitude on multiple different parameters.

National Institute for Astrophysics
The National Institute for Astrophysics (Italian: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, or INAF) is an Italian research institute in astronomy and astrophysics, founded in 1999. INAF funds and operates twenty separate research facilities, which in turn employ scientists, engineers and technical staff. The research they perform covers most areas of astronomy, ranging from planetary science to cosmology.
Murder of Margaret Cook
Margaret Cook was a woman who was shot dead on 9 November 1946 outside the Blue Lagoon nightclub in Carnaby Street, London. In 2015 a man living in Canada confessed to the shooting which would make this the longest gap between a crime and a confession in British criminal history.

Carnaby Street
Carnaby Street is a pedestrianised shopping street in Soho in the City of Westminster. Close to Oxford Street and Regent Street, it is home to fashion and lifestyle retailers, including many independent fashion boutiques.

Streets crossing, or meeting with, Carnaby Street are, from south to north, Beak Street, Broadwick Street, Kingly Court, Ganton Street, Marlborough Court, Lowndes Court, Fouberts Place, Little Marlborough Street and Great Marlborough Street. The nearest London Underground station is Oxford Circus.
Randal Williams
Randal Ellison Williams (born May 21, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Dallas Cowboys and Oakland Raiders. He played college football for the New Hampshire Wildcats.

New Hampshire Wildcats football
The New Hampshire Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of New Hampshire. The Wildcats compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA). The team plays its home games at the 11,000 seat Wildcat Stadium in Durham, New Hampshire, and are led by incoming head coach Sean Goldrich.

The school has fielded a varsity football team annually since 1893, with the exception of one year during World War I and two years during World War II. Bill Bowes, who served as head coach from 1972 to 1998, is an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame.
Deus ti salvet Maria
The Deus ti salvet Maria (also known simply as the "Sardinian Hail Mary") is a devotional song belonging to the Sardinian tradition of the Gosos, written in Sardinian language in the 18th century by the poet Bonaventura Licheri (Neoneli, 1667–1733).
The lyrics were translated around 1725; the oldest transcription is the one of Maurizio Carrus, who had inserted it as an appendix in the Rosary of San Vero Milis in 1731. The Laude is sung in the form of the gosos, a typical devotional song widespread in Sardinia.

In 1974 Sardinian singer Maria Carta presented it to the general public on the Canzonissima television show; in 1987 she performed it at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, accompanied by a pipe organ.

Neoneli
Neoneli (Sardinian: Neunele) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Oristano.

Neoneli borders the following municipalities: Ardauli, Austis, Nughedu Santa Vittoria, Ortueri, Sorgono, and Ula Tirso.
Malcolm Jaer
Malcolm Adrian Emile Jaer (born 29 June 1995) is a South African rugby union player for the Cheetahs in the Pro14 and the Free State Cheetahs in the Currie Cup. His regular position is fullback or fly-half.

2014 Under-21 Provincial Championship
The 2014 Under-21 Provincial Championship was a rugby union competition held between the Under-21 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa, plus the Limpopo Blue Bulls sub-union. It was contested from 11 July to 25 October 2014.
The Biggest Little Railway in the World
The Biggest Little Railway in the World (BLR) was a temporary 71 mile (114 km) 1.25 inches (32 mm) O-gauge model railway from Fort William to the City of Inverness, the two largest settlements in the Scottish Highlands. It has been described as a crackpot project to run a model train the length of the Great Glen Way by an army of madcap enthusiasts, geeks, and engineers in the best spirit of eccentric Britishness.

Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway
The Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway (I&FAR) was a branch-line railway built in Scotland, connecting the named places with the main line at Spean Bridge. It opened in 1903.

Serving exceptionally sparsely inhabited areas, it was never commercially successful, but it rekindled hostilities between larger railways over a planned railway connection along the Great Glen reaching Inverness; however this scheme never materialised.

Passenger train operation ceased in 1933 and the line closed completely in 1946.
Brian David Dynlacht
Brian David Dynlacht (born September 3, 1965), is an American biochemist and professor in the department of pathology of New York University Grossman School of Medicine at NYU Langone Health. Before moving his lab to New York University, he was an associate professor in the department of molecular and cellular biology at Harvard University. In 2002, while researching at the Harvard University, Dynlacht reported the discovery of CP110, which is now thought to be at the center of a molecular switch governing the centriole to ciliary transition in mammalian cells. His lab identified the first centriolar deubiquitinating enzyme, USP33, whose expression regulates centrosome biogenesis via deubiquitination of the centriolar protein CP110, and thus regulates the centrosome duplication.

Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms) and most fungi, and are only present in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, cycads, and Ginkgo. A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a highly ordered mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material (PCM), makes up a structure called a centrosome.

Centrioles are typically made up of nine sets of short microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder. Deviations from this structure include crabs and Drosophila melanogaster embryos, with nine doublets, and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos, with nine singlets. Additional proteins include centrin, cenexin and tektin.

The main function of centrioles is to produce cilia during interphase and the aster and the spindle during cell division.
Graffiti Markup Language
Graffiti Markup Language (GML) is an XML-based file format that stores graffiti motion data that was created by Jamie Wilkinson, Chris Sugrue, Theo Watson and Evan Roth. Popular applications such as Graffiti Analysis, EyeWriter and Mozilla's Firefox MarkUp implement GML. GML is the product of collaboration between artists, hackers, and programmers, and may be used to replicate graffiti using robots.

GML won an Open Web Award in 2011.

EyeWriter
The EyeWriter is a low-cost eye tracking system originally designed for paralyzed graffiti artist Tempt1. The EyeWriter system uses inexpensive cameras and open-source computer vision software to track the wearer's eye movements.

EyeWriter was conceived by Mick Ebeling and developed at Ebeling's home in Venice Beach by artists and engineers from the Free Art & Technology Lab, Graffiti Research Lab and OpenFrameworks teams, including Zachary Lieberman, Evan Roth, James Powderly, Theo Watson and Chris Sugrue.

The project has been recognized with numerous awards including being honored by Time as one of the Top 50 inventions of 2010, the 2010 Prix Ars Electronica, the 2010 FutureEverything Award and featured on NPR and TED.

EyeWriter was featured in 2009 at the CREAM International Festival for Arts & Media in Yokohama.  Tempt1 was also featured in 2009 projected on Kyoto City Hall.  EyeWriter was part of the Talk to Me exhibit at MoMA on display from July 24 until November 7, 2011.
German submarine U-772
German submarine U-772 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The U-boat was laid down on 21 September 1942 at the Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven (KMW), launched on 31 October 1943, and commissioned on 23 December 1943, commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Ewald Rademacher.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Tobermory High School
Tobermory High School (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-sgoil Thobar Mhoire) is the only secondary school on the Isle of Mull. It is located in Tobermory, at the northern end of the island.

Its feeder primary schools are at Tobermory, Salen, Dervaig, Lochdon (near Craignure), and Ulva Ferry. Although it is an Argyll and Bute council school, it also takes pupils from Kilchoan on the mainland, which is linked to Tobermory by ferry.

The former head of the school is Jennifer McGhee who retired in October 2020. Richard Gawthrope then became the head teacher of Tobermory High School, starting the job in October 2020 following 12 years as deputy head teacher at the school. In 2022, Richard Gawthrope moved on from Tobermory High School and Shelley Carmichael took over as head teacher

Dervaig
Dervaig (Scottish Gaelic: Dearbhaig) is a small village on the Isle of Mull off the west coast of Scotland. The village is within the parish of Kilninian and Kilmore, and is situated on the B8073 roughly midway between Tobermory and Calgary. In 1961 it had a population of 82. A 2011 census estimated the population had risen to ~200.
Yuliya Rodionova
Yuliya Rodionova (born January 11, 1990, in Oskemen) is a Kazakh freestyle skier, specializing in Moguls .

Rodionova competed at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan. Her best finish came in 2010, when she placed 22nd in the qualifying round of the moguls, failing to advance. In 2006, she finished 28th in the preliminary round, and did not advance.

As of April 2013, her best showing at the World Championships is 8th, in the 2009 dual moguls event.

Rodionova made her World Cup debut in December 2004. As of April 2013, her best World Cup event finish is 8th place, in the dual moguls event at Meribel in 2010/11. Her best World Cup overall finish in moguls is 25th, in 2008/09 and 2009/10.

FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)
Avrami equation
The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase to another at constant temperature.  It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in materials, like chemical reaction rates, and can even be meaningful in analyses of ecological systems.

The equation is also known as the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation.  The equation was first derived by Johnson, Mehl, Avrami and Kolmogorov (in Russian) in a series of articles published in the Journal of Chemical Physics between 1939 and 1941. Moreover, Kolmogorov treated statistically the crystallization of a solid in 1937 (in Russian, Kolmogorov, A. N., Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR., 1937, 3, 355).

The Journal of Chemical Physics
The Journal of Chemical Physics is a scientific journal published by the American Institute of Physics that carries research papers on chemical physics.  Two volumes, each of 24 issues, are published annually. It was established in 1933 when Journal of Physical Chemistry editors refused to publish theoretical works.

The editors have been:

2019–present: Tim Lian

2008–2018: Marsha I. Lester

2007–2008: Branka M. Ladanyi

1998–2007: Donald H. Levy

1983–1997: John C. Light

1960–1982: J. Willard Stout

1958–1959: Clyde A. Hutchison Jr.

1956–1957 (Acting): Joseph Edward Mayer

1953–1955: Clyde A. Hutchison Jr.

1942–1952: Joseph E. Mayer

1933–1941: Harold Urey