hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Urs ministry
D. Devaraj Urs Ministry was the Council of Ministers in Mysore, a state in South India headed by D. Devaraj Urs of the Indian National Congress.

The ministry had multiple ministers including the Chief Minister. All ministers belonged to the Indian National Congress.

D. Devaraj Urs became Chief minister of Mysore after Indian National Congress emerged victorious 1972 Mysore elections.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Statue of Balto
A bronze statue of Balto by Frederick Roth is installed in Central Park, Manhattan, New York. Balto (1919 – March 14, 1933) was an Alaskan husky and sled dog belonging to musher and breeder Leonhard Seppala. He achieved fame when he led a team of sled dogs on the final leg of the 1925 serum run to Nome, in which diphtheria antitoxin was transported from Anchorage, Alaska, to Nenana, Alaska, by train and then to Nome by dog sled to combat an outbreak of the disease.

Dog sled
A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow, a practice known as mushing. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function. They can be used for dog sled racing. Traditionally in Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic the Inuit had the dogs pull in a fan shape in front of the sled, while in other regions, such as Alaska and the western part of Northern Canada the dogs pull side by side in pairs.
John Entick
John Entick (c.1703 – May 1773) was an English schoolmaster and author. He was largely a hack writer, working for Edward Dilly, and he padded his credentials with a bogus M.A. and a portrait in clerical dress; some of his works had a more lasting value. In the leading case Entick v Carrington of 1765 he won a legal victory as plaintiff that defined the limits of executive power in the view of the English judiciary.

Hack writer
Hack writer is a pejorative term for a writer who is paid to write low-quality, rushed articles or books "to order", often with a short deadline. In fiction writing, a hack writer is paid to quickly write sensational, pulp fiction such as "true crime" novels or "bodice ripping" paperbacks. In journalism, a hack writer is deemed to operate as a "mercenary" or "pen for hire", expressing their client's political opinions in pamphlets or newspaper articles. Hack writers are usually paid by the number of words in their book or article; as a result, hack writing has a reputation for quantity taking precedence over quality.
Chonala masoni
Chonala masoni, the Chumbi wall, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Bhutan, China and north-eastern India.

The species is named the Chumbi wall after the Chumbi Valley where it was "presumed" to have been collected by a native collector and passed on to Henry John Elwes in 1881 when he visited Sikkim with Frederick DuCane Godman. It was originally described as a species in the genus Debis.

Henry John Elwes
Henry John Elwes, FRS (16 May 1846 – 26 November 1922) was a British botanist, entomologist, author, lepidopterist, collector and traveller who became renowned for collecting specimens of lilies during trips to the Himalaya and Korea. He was one of the first group of 60 people to receive the Victoria Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1897. Author of Monograph of the Genus Lilium (1880), and The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland (1906–1913) with Augustine Henry, as well as numerous articles, he left a collection of 30,000 butterfly specimens to the Natural History Museum, including 11,370 specimens of Palaearctic butterflies.
2018 Ohio Valley Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2018 Ohio Valley Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Ohio Valley Conference held from October 26 through November 4, 2018. The first round and quarterfinals of the tournament were held at campus sites hosted by the #3 and #4 seeds, while the semifinals and final took place at Skyhawk Soccer Field in Martin, Tennessee. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Murray State Racers were the defending champions and successfully defended their title with a 2–1 win over the Tennessee-Martin Skyhawks in the final. The conference tournament title was the fourth for the Murray State women's soccer program and the third for head coach Jeremy Groves.

Murray State Racers
The Murray State Racers are the athletic teams that represent Murray State University (MSU), located in Murray, Kentucky, United States, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division I ranks (for football, the Football Championship Subdivision), primarily competing in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) since the 2022–23 academic year.  The Racers previously competed in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) from 1948–49 to 2021–22; and in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC; now known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1933–34 to 1947–48.
Axel Strøm
Axel Strøm (11 May 1901 – 18 June 1985) was a Norwegian physician. He was born in Kristiania. He was appointed Professor of Public Health at the University of Oslo from 1940. Among his works were studies on health issues among concentration camp survivors. He served as President of Den norske lægeforening from 1948 to 1951, and chaired Norges Akademikersamband from 1951 to 1955. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1969.

Norwegian Medical Association
The Norwegian Medical Association (Norwegian: Den norske lægeforening (1886–2008), spelled Den norske legeforening since 2008) is the main Norwegian medical association and trade union, and was founded in 1886. It has 42 497 members (as of 2025) or about 93,2 % of all Norwegian doctors. Anne Karin Rime became president in 2021. It is affiliated with the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations. The association publishes the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association, established in 1881.

Governance:

Executive Committee (9 members)

County Divisions (19)

Occupational branches (7)

Specialty Branches (59)
Emily Stang Sando
Emily Stang Sando (born 8 March 1989) is a Norwegian handball goalkeeper for HØJ Elite and formerly the Norwegian national team.

In 2016 she was part of the Team Esbjerg side that won the Danish Championship for the first time in club history. She played for HH Elite until 2024. From February 2024 until the end of the season, she took a break from handball due to pregnancy leave. She was replaced by Brazilian goalkeeper Mayssa Pessoa.

She made her international debut in 2010.

She won a gold meal with Norway at the 2014 European Women's Handball Championship in Hungary/Croatia. She was part of the Norwegian squad from start at the 2020 European Women's Handball Championship, and later replaced by Katrine Lunde.

Kvindeligaen (handball)
The Kvindeligaen (English: women's league) is the top professional league for Danish women's handball clubs. It is administered by the Danish Handball Federation, and the winners are recognized as Danish champions. The league was previously called Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons. It has previously been known as HTH GO Ligaen, Primo Tours Ligaen, Boxer Dameligaen, TOMS Ligaen and GuldBageren Ligaen. The current title holder is Odense Håndbold (2025). The European Handball Federation (EHF) ranks the Danish league 4th in the coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past seasons.
Pigeon Lake (Ontario)
Pigeon Lake is a lake in Central Ontario, Canada. It is one of a group of lakes called the Kawartha Lakes, which are the namesake of the city of Kawartha Lakes, and part of the Trent–Severn Waterway, thus in the Lake Ontario drainage basin. Pigeon Lake is 27 km long and up to 3 km wide.

Central Ontario
Central Ontario is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario that lies between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario.

The population of the region was 1,123,307 in 2016; however, this number does not include large numbers of seasonal cottage country residents, which at peak times of the year swell its population to well in excess of 1.5 million. Although it contains many small and medium-sized urban centres, much of Central Ontario is covered by farms, lakes (with freshwater beaches), rivers or sparsely populated forested land on the southern edge of the Canadian Shield.
Colette Renard
Colette Renard (1 November 1924, Ermont – 6 October 2010, Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse), born Colette Lucie Raget, was a French actress and singer. Renard is closely associated with the titular character from the musical Irma La Douce, a role she played for over a decade.

Renard retired from theatre and film in the 1980s, returning in 2004 to play the role of Rachel Levy on Plus belle la vie. In addition to acting, Renard was a prolific singer, having released 52 albums during her career.

Ermont
Ermont (French pronunciation: [ɛʁmɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department, in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 17.2 km (10.7 mi) from the center of Paris. It has around 28,000 inhabitants, which makes Ermont one of the most important cities in Val d'Oise. Ermont has experienced rapid urbanization thanks to railway transport and industrialization, with the population of Ermont being just 9000 after the Second World War to now more than 28,000.
Bioreactor landfill
Bioreactor landfills are a more sustainable alternative to traditional landfills. Where traditional landfills face long aftercare periods and associated costs due to long-term potential for environmental contamination, bioreactor landfills aim to stimulate breakdown of the waste within the landfill. Costs associated with management of leachate treatment and liner replacement are thereby significantly reduced while gas production (methane) is significantly enhanced to stimulate energy generation and amount of land required for landfills is reduced. Waste breakdown is stimulated either through leachate recirculation or aeration.

Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography and related sciences and contexts, an orientation or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.

Conversely, a orientation, plane or surface is said to be horizontal (or leveled) if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical orientation.

More generally, something that is vertical can be drawn from "up" to "down" (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Biak scrubfowl
The Biak scrubfowl or Biak megapode (Megapodius geelvinkianus) is a species of bird in the family Megapodiidae. It is found only on the islands of Biak, Mios Korwar, Numfor, Manim and Mios Num in the West Papua region of Indonesia.

Numfor
Numfor (also Numfoor, Noemfoor, Noemfoer) is one of the Biak Islands (also known as the Schouten Islands) in Papua province, northeastern Indonesia.

It was the site of conflict between Japanese and the Allied forces during World War II, and was a major airbase for both sides.
Victoria Street, Melbourne
Victoria Street is one of the major thoroughfares of inner Melbourne, running east–west for over six kilometres between Munster Terrace in North Melbourne and the Yarra River. The road is known as Victoria Parade for over one-and-a-half kilometres of its length (between the prominent intersections of Spring Street and Hoddle Street), distinguishable with a wide reservation and tramway down the middle.

Victoria Street touches the north-east corner of the Hoddle Grid at the intersection of La Trobe Street and Spring Street, opposite the Carlton Gardens. After crossing the Yarra river over Victoria Bridge the street continues as Barkers Road.

The road is well known for being an arterial road for cross-city traffic and for featuring the Queen Victoria Market, Victoria Parade hospital precinct and Melbourne's Little Saigon.

Carlton, Victoria
Carlton is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, three kilometres north of the Melbourne central business district within the city of Melbourne local government area. Carlton recorded a population of 16,055 at the 2021 census.

Immediately adjoining the CBD, Carlton is known nationwide for its Little Italy precinct centred on Lygon Street, for its preponderance of 19th-century Victorian architecture and its garden squares including the Carlton Gardens, the latter being the location of the Royal Exhibition Building, one of Australia's few man-made sites with World Heritage status.

Due to its proximity to the University of Melbourne, the CBD campus of RMIT University and the Fitzroy campus of Australian Catholic University, Carlton is also home to one of the highest concentrations of university students in Australia.
Kvicksund
Kvicksund (Swedish pronunciation: [kvɪkˈsɵnːd]) is a bimunicipal locality situated in Västerås Municipality, Västmanland County and Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County in Sweden with 1,768 inhabitants in 2010. It is located on the shores of Lake Mälaren. Kvicksund is mainly situated in two different areas, one on the southern shore and one on the northern. The northern part is confined to the island of Nyckelön while the southern part is on the mainland.

Västerås Municipality
Västerås Municipality (Swedish: Västerås kommun) is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Västerås.

The municipality prefers to use the denomination Västerås stad (City of Västerås) for the whole territory, including rural areas.

The municipality evolved gradually during the municipal reforms in Sweden.  Most of the amalgamations took place in 1967 and the municipality in its present form was created in 1971. There are 30 original local government units within the present municipality.
Mansel baronets of Trimsaran (1697)
The Mansel baronetcy of Trimsaran, in the County of Carmarthen, was created in the Baronetage of England on 22 February 1697 for Edward Mansel, son of Henry Mansel of Stradey. The title became extinct on the death of the 4th Baronet in 1798.

Trimsaran
Trimsaran is a community and former mining village which lies on the B4308 between Llanelli and Kidwelly, in Carmarthenshire, Wales.

Trimsaran is six miles (10 km) from Llanelli, and 13 miles (21 km) from Carmarthen. It is close to Burry Port harbour, Pembrey Country Park and the Millennium Coastal Park.

The community is bordered by the communities of: Llangyndeyrn; Llanelli Rural; Pembrey and Burry Port Town; and Kidwelly, all being in Carmarthenshire.

Between 1909 and 1953 Trimsaran Road railway station on what had been the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway, served the miners and the residents of the village and locality.
Louis Langhurst
Louis Francis Langhurst (22 January 1907 – 17 May 1995) was an American engineer and inventor. Born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, he is best known for building a 7/10-scale flying replica of Germany's feared Junkers Ju 87 "Stuka" dive-bomber.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
Alex Bannister
Alex Bannister (born April 23, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Eastern Kentucky University and was selected in the fifth round of the 2001 NFL draft by the Seattle Seahawks. In 2003, he was selected to the Pro Bowl, due to his special teams contributions.

Lex Bannister Fitness is a gym operated by Bannister in Bellingham, Washington, with a focus on Sweat Camps. Like many fitness boot camps, Bannister's classes focus on cross-training, plyometrics, and calisthenics, amongst other exercises, often with a focus on bodyweight movements.

Eastern Kentucky University
Eastern Kentucky University (Eastern or EKU) is a public university in Richmond, Kentucky, United States. It also maintains branch campuses in Corbin, Hazard, and Manchester and offers over 40 online undergraduate and graduate options.
Gothian orogeny
The Gothian orogeny (Swedish: Gotiska orogenesen) or Kongsberg orogeny was an orogeny in western Fennoscandia that occurred between 1750 and 1500 million years ago. It precedes the younger Sveconorwegian orogeny that has overprinted much of it. The Gothian orogeny formed along a subduction zone and resulted in the formation of calc-alkaline igneous rocks 1700 to 1550 million years ago, including some of the younger members of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt.

The deformation associated with the orogeny can be seen in metatonalite, paragneiss and biotite orthogneisses in southeast Norway. These rocks were all subject to amphibolite facies metamorphism.

Overprinting (geology)
Overprinting is a geological process that superimposes a set of characteristics on rock that partially obscure earlier characteristics. Examples include metamorphic overprinting (superimposed metamorphism), in which new structure, texture, or mineral composition is imposed on existing rock. For example, the Tauern window of Alps contains beds that were originally metamorphosed to eclogite but have since been overprinted to the blueschist and then the greenschist facies. Likewise, deformation associated with the Mazatzal orogeny in Arizona and New Mexico, US, was subsequently overprinted by deformation associated with the Picuris orogeny.

Geochemical signatures can also be overprinted when the geochemistry of a geological body is changed by eliminating or modifying the earlier geochemical signature.
Unix filesystem
In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. It was also one of the first parts of the system to be designed and implemented by Ken Thompson in the first experimental version of Unix, dated 1969.

As in other operating systems, the filesystem provides information storage and retrieval, and one of several forms of interprocess communication, in that the many small programs that traditionally form a Unix system can store information in files so that other programs can read them, although pipes complemented it in this role starting with the Third Edition. Also, the filesystem provides access to other resources through so-called device files that are entry points to terminals, printers, and mice.

The rest of this article uses Unix as a generic name to refer to both the original Unix operating system and its many workalikes.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
United Kingdom coalition government
The United Kingdom has had several coalition governments throughout its history:

Aberdeen ministry, the British government under Lord Aberdeen (1852–1855)

Asquith coalition ministry, the British government under H. H. Asquith (1915–1916)

Lloyd George ministry, the British government under David Lloyd George (1916–1922)

War ministry, the British government during the Second World War
Chamberlain war ministry, the British government under Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940)
Churchill war ministry, the British government under Winston Churchill (1940–1945)

Cameron–Clegg coalition, the British government under David Cameron and Nick Clegg (2010–2015)

Chamberlain war ministry
Neville Chamberlain formed the Chamberlain war ministry in 1939 after declaring war on Germany. Chamberlain led the country for the first eight months of the Second World War, until the Norway Debate in Parliament led Chamberlain to resign and Winston Churchill to form a new ministry.
George Denholm
Group Captain George Lovell "Uncle" Denholm, DFC (20 December 1908 – 15 June 1997) was a Scottish fighter pilot and flying ace of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He flew Spitfires during the Battle of Britain, and is counted amongst the ranks of 'The Few'.

Group captain
Group captain (Gp Capt or G/C) is a senior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Group captain is immediately senior to wing commander and immediately below air commodore. It is equivalent to the rank of captain in the navy and of colonel in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "group officer".
Ambatoharanana, Mananara Nord
For other places called Ambatoharanana, please see: Ambatoharanana (disambiguation)

Ambatoharanana is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Ambatosoa, Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mananara Nord. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 95% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is cloves, while other important products are coffee, rice and vanilla.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.