hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Arabic: تهافت الفلاسفة, romanized: Tahāfut al-Falāsifa) is a landmark 11th-century work by the Muslim polymath al-Ghazali and a student of the Asharite school of Islamic theology criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy. Muslim philosophers such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and al-Farabi (Alpharabius) are denounced in this book, as they follow Greek philosophy even when, in the author's perception, it contradicts Islam. The text was dramatically successful, and marked a milestone in the ascendance of the Asharite school within Islamic philosophy and theological discourse.

The book favors faith over philosophy in matters specifically concerning metaphysics or knowledge of the divine.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Helen Knott
Helen Knott is an Indigenous spoken word poet, grassroots activist, leader and social worker from the Prophet River First Nation. She is of Dane-Zaa, Nehiyaw, Métis, and European descent. Residing in Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada, Knott has published a number of poems and short pieces of creative non-fiction in Red Rising Magazine, the Malahat Review, through CBC Arts, and in a compendium entitled Surviving Canada: Indigenous People Celebrate 150 Years of Betrayal. Most recently, she published her first book, In My Own Moccasins: A Memoir of Resilience, and is currently writing Taking Back the Bones, which has been described as an "Indigenous female manifesto". She is currently enrolled as a graduate student in the First Nations Studies program at the University of Northern British Columbia.

Peace River
The Peace River (French: rivière de la Paix) is a 1,923-kilometre-long (1,195 mi) river in Canada that originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows to the northeast through northern Alberta. The Peace River joins the Athabasca River in the Peace-Athabasca Delta to form the Slave River, a tributary of the Mackenzie River. The Finlay River, the main headwater of the Peace River, is regarded as the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. The combined Finlay–Peace–Slave–Mackenzie river system is the 13th longest river system in the world.
John Anderson (archbishop of Moosonee)
John George Anderson was a Canadian Anglican bishop in the 20th century.

Anderson was born at Stoneywood Orkney, Scotland, on 23 March 1866. The Land of Moosoneek, Olive Mackay Petersen.

Anderson ordained in 1889 after which he was a Church Mission Society (CMS) missionary at Long Sault and then Vicar of St Peter's Manitoba. From 1899 to 1909 he was Rural Dean of Lisgar. In 1909 he became Bishop of Moosonee, a post he held until 1943, for the last three years of which he was also Metropolitan of Ontario. He died on 15 June 1943.

Long Sault
Long Sault was a rapid in the St. Lawrence River upstream and west of Cornwall, Ontario. Sault is the archaic spelling of the French word saut, meaning rapids.

The Long Sault created a navigation barrier along the river for much of its history, motivating the construction of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, in the 1950s as the size of ships and the volume of shipping traffic along the river began to exceed the capacity of the area's canal locks.

The construction required the flooding of a large swath of land near the rapids to facilitate a hydroelectric dam and to make the rapids area more navigable. The flooded region includes Ontario's Lost Villages.

The Long Sault Parkway takes its name from the rapids.
Cinderella (Lionel Richie song)
"Cinderella" is a song by American singer Lionel Richie. It was written and produced by Richie along with Joe Wolfe for his sixth studio album Renaissance (2000). The latin pop song was released as the album's third single in Continental Europe in the second quartet of 2001. A minor commercial success, it peaked within the top fifty of the Swiss Singles Chart, while also reaching the charts in Germany and the Netherlands.

Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated both as a continent and subcontinent.
2021 MBC Drama Awards
The 2021 MBC Drama Awards (Korean: 2021 MBC 연기대상; Hanja: 2021 MBC 演技大賞; RR: 2021 MBC Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC). Kim Sung-joo hosted the award ceremony second year in succession. It was aired on December 30, 2021, at 21:00 (KST). Namgoong Min won the Grand Prize for The Veil.

The Veil (South Korean TV series)
The Veil (Korean: 검은 태양) is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Namkoong Min, Park Ha-sun, and Kim Ji-eun. Its screenplay, written by Park Seok-ho, won the 2018 MBC Drama Screenplay Contest. It aired on MBC TV from September 17 to October 23, 2021, every Friday and Saturday at 22:00 (KST).

A two-part spin-off of the series titled Moebius: The Veil, which was focused on the backstories of Park Ha-sun, Jung Moon-sung and Jang Young-nam's characters, aired on October 29–30, 2021.
Adze-on-block (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Adze on a Wood Block, or Axe in a Block of Wood hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. U20, is a portrayal of the adze. It is used mostly in the cartouches of pharaonic names especially, or other important names.

The adze on block has the Egyptian language value of stp and is the verb "choose". It is used as a determinative  in 'stp', "cut into pieces", and as an ideogram for 'stp', "choose", "choice".

Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.
Fenimore Fillmore's Revenge
Fenimore Fillmore's Revenge is a 2008 graphic adventure game developed by the Spanish company Revistronic. It is the third game in the Fenimore Fillmore series, following 3 Skulls of the Toltecs (1996) and The Westerner (2003). While its predecessors are cartoonish comedies, Fenimore Fillmore's Revenge features a darker tone and visual look. The game began development around May 2004. Following unofficial reports, the game was revealed in May 2005.

Fenimore Fillmore's Revenge received a score of 7 out of 10 from MeriStation and a 1.5 out of 5 from Adventure Gamers.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Kozub
Kozub [ˈkɔzup] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Lututów, 30 km (19 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Lututów
Lututów [luˈtutuf] is a small town in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lututów. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) east of Wieruszów and 85 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The town has a population of 2,241 (2020).
Leonhard von Eck
Leonhard von Eck (1480-1550) was a Bavarian nobleman who served as chancellor of Bavaria for thirty years. He was Chancellor to William IV, Duke of Bavaria, and a powerful opponent of the Reformation.

Leonhard von Eck was born in 1480 in Kelheim, a town on the River Danube .

Von Eck attended the universities of Ingolstadt and Siena where he obtained an MA degree and a doctorate of laws. He returned to Germany and was appointed tutor to William IV.

In 1519 became the chancellor of Bavaria, a position he held for the next 30 years.

In 1520 he married Felicitas von Freyberg, the widow of Dietrich von Plieningen, whose library he inherited.

Leonhard died in Munich on 17 March 1550 and was buried in his hometown of Kelheim.

University of Ingolstadt
The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, the Duke of Bavaria at the time, and its first Chancellor was the Bishop of Eichstätt. It consisted of four faculties: theology, law, artes liberales  and medicine, all of which were contained in the Hoheschule ('high school'). The university was modeled after the University of Vienna. Its chief goal was the propagation of the Christian faith.  The university closed in May 1800, by order of the Prince-elector Maximilian IV (later Maximilian I, King of Bavaria).
Louis Franck (ice hockey)
Louis Franck (28 December 1907 – 5 September 1988) was a Belgian ice hockey player and sailor. He won a silver medal at the Ice Hockey European Championships in 1927.

He also represented Belgium with Sailing at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

He was son of Pierre François Jean Franck and nephew of the Belgian politician Louis Franck. He became director and major shareholder at merchant bank Samuel Montagu & Co. in London and was art collector. His daughter Martine Franck married photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Christianity in Uttar Pradesh
Christianity is a minority religion in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state of India. The Christians of Uttar Pradesh come under the territory of Lucknow and Agra Diocese of Church of North India (a member of the Anglican Communion) and of the Archdiocese of Agra (Roman Catholic Church). The Uttar Pradesh Christian Revival Church (UPCRC) was established in 2017 as a part of the Christian Revival Church.

Church of North India
The Church of North India (CNI) is the dominant united Protestant church in Northern India. It was established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together most of the Protestant churches working in northern India. It is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion and a member of the World Methodist Council and the World Communion of Reformed Churches. The merger, which had been in discussions since 1929, came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the Methodist Church, Disciples of Christ, and some congregations from the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian).

The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of India with the exception of the five states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu which are under the jurisdiction of the Church of South India). It has approximately 2,300,000 members (0.2% of the population of its constituent states) in 3,000 pastorates.
Alain Jacquet
Alain Jacquet (22 February 1939 – 4 September 2008) was a French artist representative of the Nouvelle Figuration movement that was linked to the American Pop Art movement.
Jacquet lived in New York and Paris and taught at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs. He was married (1992) to Sophie Matisse, great-granddaughter of the French Fauvist artist Henri Matisse. They had one daughter, Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse. Jacquet's art is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Centre Pompidou, the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris. Jacquet died of esophageal cancer in Manhattan.

Fauvism
Fauvism (/foʊvɪzəm/ FOH-viz-əm) is a style of painting and an art movement that emerged in France at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the style of les Fauves (French pronunciation: [le fov], the wild beasts), a group of modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1904 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few years, 1905–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were André Derain and Henri Matisse.
Big Pig (EP)
Big Pig is the debut self-titled extended play (EP) by Australian indie pop band Big Pig, released independently in May 1986.

The EP was re-released following the band's signing to Mushroom's White Label Records.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1987, the EP won the ARIA Award for Best Cover Art.

Mushroom Records
Mushroom Records was an Australian flagship record label, founded in 1972 in Melbourne. It published and distributed many successful Australian artists and expanded internationally, until it was merged with Festival Records in 1998. Festival Mushroom Records was later acquired by Warner Bros. Records, which operated the label from 2005 to 2010 before merging the label's catalogue with its own. Founder Michael Gudinski went on to become the leader of the Mushroom Group, the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia, with divisions such as Frontier Touring.
Fairfield (Wandsworth ward)
Fairfield was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Wandsworth from 1965 to 2022. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 2018 elections. There was a revision of ward boundaries in 1978 and 2002. It returned three councillors to Wandsworth London Borough Council.

Wandsworth London Borough Council
Wandsworth London Borough Council, also known as Wandsworth Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2022. It is based at Wandsworth Town Hall in the centre of Wandsworth.
Dija Baiano
Djavan de Lima Araujo (born 5 April 1990), commonly known as Dija Baiano, is a Brazilian professional footballer for Al-Bukiryah.

He has represented Brasiliense, Ipatinga, Volta Redonda, Macaé, Boavista and Treze in national league competitions, and was part of the Volta Redonda team which won 2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.

He spent time abroad in Qatar with Al-Mesaimeer in 2013–14, and in Saudi Arabia with Al-Orobah in 2018.

Ipatinga Futebol Clube
Ipatinga Futebol Clube is a Brazilian football club based in Ipatinga, state of Minas Gerais, founded on 21 May 1998. During the 2013 season, the club played in Betim, shortly after returned to Ipatinga in 2015.

On 22 May 2022, the club was acquired by businessman Marcos Ferraz, through his conglomerate Kraken Holding, Inc, who took over management immediately, transforming the club into SAF (anonymous football company) and registered its squad to participate. of the championship of the same year.
Peter Nott
Peter John Nott (30 December 1933 – 20 August 2018) was an English Anglican bishop: from 1985 to 1999, he served as Bishop of Norwich.

Nott was educated at Bristol Grammar School, Dulwich College and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He began his ordained ministry as a curate at Harpenden after which he was chaplain at Fitzwilliam College and then Rector of Beaconsfield. In 1977 he was appointed the suffragan Bishop of Taunton; he was ordained a bishop on 18 October 1977, by Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral. He was translated to be the Bishop of Norwich upon the confirmation of his election on 12 November 1985. He retired in 1999 but continued to serve as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Oxford.

Donald Coggan
Frederick Donald Coggan, Baron Coggan, PC (9 October 1909 – 17 May 2000) was the 101st Archbishop of Canterbury from 1974 to 1980. As Archbishop of Canterbury, he "revived morale within the Church of England, opened a dialogue with Rome and supported women's ordination". He had previously been successively the Bishop of Bradford and the Archbishop of York.
Zapote amarillo
Zapote amarillo is a common name for three separate tree species native to Central America:

Couepia polyandra, also known as olosapo or baboon cap

Licania platypus, also known as sansapote or sun sapote

Pouteria campechiana, also known as canistel or cupcake fruit

Pouteria campechiana
Pouteria campechiana (commonly known as the cupcake fruit, eggfruit, zapote amarillo, yellow sapote or canistel) is an evergreen tree native to, and cultivated in, southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and El Salvador. It is cultivated in other countries, such as India, Costa Rica, Brazil, the United States, the Dominican Republic, Australia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Cameroon and the Philippines. The edible part of the tree is its fruit, which is colloquially known as an egg fruit.

The canistel grows up to 10 m (33 ft) high, and produces orange-yellow fruit up to 7 cm (3 in) long, which are edible raw. Canistel flesh is sweet, with a texture often compared to that of a hard-boiled egg yolk, hence its colloquial name "eggfruit". It is closely related to the lúcuma, mamey sapote, and abiu.
Papazkarası
Papazkarası, also Papaskarası and Papaskara (“priest’s black”), is an indigenous Turkish red grape variety traditionally associated with East Thrace in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Historically used in blends with international varieties such as Cinsaut, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot, it is now increasingly vinified as a varietal red as well as in rosé and blanc de noirs styles.

Papazkarası is widely described as producing wines with high natural acidity, moderate tannin, and aromatic profiles that include red fruit, floral notes, and spice. Alcohol levels typically range between 11 and 13 percent, depending on site and vintage.

East Thrace
East Thrace or Eastern Thrace, also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of Turkey that is geographically in Southeast Europe. Turkish Thrace accounts for 3.03% of Turkey's land area and 15% of its population. The largest city is Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus between Europe and Asia. East Thrace is of historic importance as it is next to a major sea trade corridor and constitutes what remains of the once-vast Ottoman region of Rumelia. It is currently also of specific geostrategic importance because the sea corridor, which includes two narrow straits, provides access to the Mediterranean Sea from the Black Sea for the navies of five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Georgia. The region also serves as a future connector of existing Turkish, Bulgarian, and Greek high-speed rail networks.
Due to the guest worker agreement with Turkey and Germany, some Turks in Germany originally come from Eastern Thrace, mostly from the Kırklareli Province.
Prodyut Kumar Ghosh
Prodyut Kumar Ghosh is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election from Narayangarh, as a member of the Trinamool Congress.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Zerouali
Zerouali is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hicham Zerouali (1977–2004), Moroccan footballer

Najib Zerouali Ouariti (born 1950), Moroccan politician

Zakaria Zerouali (1978–2011), Moroccan footballer

Hicham Zerouali
Hicham Zerouali (Arabic: هشام زروالي; 17 January 1977 – 5 December 2004), nicknamed 'Zero' or the 'Moroccan Magician', was a Moroccan footballer. He played as a forward for clubs in Morocco, Scotland and the United Arab Emirates. He played internationally for Morocco with seven caps.
Vučedol culture
The Vučedol culture (Croatian: Vučedolska kultura) flourished between 3000 and 2200 BC (the Chalcolithic period of earliest copper-smithing and arsenical bronze-smithing), centered in Syrmia and eastern Slavonia on the right bank of the Danube river, but possibly spreading throughout the Pannonian plain and western Balkans and southward. It was thus contemporary with the Sumer period in Mesopotamia, the Early Dynastic period in Egypt and the earliest settlements of Troy (Troy I and II). Archaeogenetics link the culture from Yamnaya migrations directly from the steppes that mixed with Neolithic people. The need for copper resulted in the expansion of the Vučedol Culture from its homeland of Slavonia into the broader region of  central and southeastern Europe. The Vučedol culture is also known as the 'Zok culture' in Hungary, with regional variants including the 'Mako culture' and 'Nyirseg culture', and as the 'Laibach-Ljubljana culture' In the eastern Alpine area.

Arsenical bronze
Arsenical bronze is an alloy in which arsenic, as opposed to or in addition to tin or other constituent metals, is combined with copper to make bronze. The use of arsenic with copper, either as the secondary constituent or with another component such as tin, results in a stronger final product and better casting behavior.

Copper ore is often naturally contaminated with arsenic; hence, the term "arsenical bronze" when used in archaeology is typically only applied to alloys with an arsenic content higher than 1% by weight, in order to distinguish it from potentially accidental additions of arsenic.