hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Battalion (Australia)
The 14th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally raised in 1914 as part of the Australian Imperial Force for service in World War I, the battalion served at Gallipoli initially before being sent to France where it served in the trenches along the Western Front until the end of the war, when it was disbanded. It was raised again in 1921 as a part-time unit of the Citizen Forces based in Victoria. Later, during World War II the battalion was called up for defensive duties to guard against possible Japanese invasion, but in late 1942 it was merged with the 32nd Battalion to become the 14th/32nd Battalion.

Conscription in Australia
Conscription in Australia, also known as National Service following the Second World War, has a controversial history which dates back to the implementation of compulsory military training and service in the first years of Australia's nationhood. Military conscription for peacetime service was abolished in 1972.

However, in times of war, the Defence Act 1903 allows the Governor-General of Australia to authorise conscription for service in the Defence Force, provided it is approved by the Parliament of Australia within 90 days.
Maurice Gillen
Maurice Gillen (25 July 1895 – 6 April 1974) was a Luxembourgish cyclist. He competed in the sprint event at the 1924 Summer Olympics. Outside of cycling he worked as a train driver. He was the father of cyclist Lucien Gillen. He also worked as a soigneur for rider Jean Majerus.

Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint event was part of the track cycling programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The field consisted of 31 cyclists from 17 countries. The Vélodrome de Vincennes track was a 500-metre (1,640 ft) loop. The event was won by Lucien Michard of France, the nation's third victory in the men's sprint. His teammate Jean Cugnot earned bronze. Jacob Meijer of the Netherlands took silver, putting the Dutch team on the podium for the second consecutive Games.
GE three-power boxcab
The GE three-power boxcabs were early electro-diesel hybrid switcher locomotives. These boxcabs were termed oil battery electrics to avoid the use of the German name Diesel, unpopular after World War I.

Exide
Exide was originally a brand name for batteries produced by The Electric Storage Battery Company and later became Exide Holdings, Inc. doing business as Exide Technologies, an American lead-acid batteries manufacturing company. Exide Holdings manufactured automotive batteries and industrial batteries. Exide Holdings is based in Milton, Georgia, United States.

Exide Holdings had both manufacturing and recycling plants. The former were located throughout the U.S., Pacific Rim, Europe and Australia. Recycling plants are located in Canon Hollow, which is north of Forest City, Missouri, and Muncie, Indiana. Two recycling plants in Frisco, Texas and Vernon, California have been closed in 2012 and 2013. The plants in Reading, Pennsylvania and Baton Rouge, Louisiana have also been closed.
Manon Massé
Manon Massé MNA (born 22 May 1963) is a Canadian politician in Quebec and was one of co-spokespersons for Québec solidaire from 2017 to 2023. She has represented Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the National Assembly of Quebec since the 2014 general election. Before her time in political office, she was a community organizer and one of the co-founders for the political movement Option citoyenne.

Following the 2022 provincial election, she was chosen to lead the issues of Relations with First Nations and Inuit, Social Services for people living with an intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder, Social Solidarity and Community Action, Homelessness, and LGBTQ+ community issues.

Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques
Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t maʁi sɛ̃ ʒak]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It comprises part of the borough of Ville-Marie and part of the borough of Le Plateau-Mont-Royal of the city of Montreal, including the eastern portion of Downtown Montreal as well as the Vieux-Montreal area.

It was created for the 1989 election from parts of Saint-Jacques and Sainte-Marie electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged.
Harold Williamson (journalist)
Harold Williamson (28 December 1922 – 11 March 2001) was an English journalist.

He was born at 38 Long Row, Colliery Row, Houghton-le-Spring, County Durham and was most notable for his work on the BBC current affairs/documentary series Man Alive and Braden's Week in the 1960s. He was particularly adept at interviewing children.  His documentary feature Gale is Dead, focusing on a teenage heroin addict, won numerous awards in 1970, and was nominated for a BAFTA.  He was the father of the television presenter and producer Trish Williamson.

He was a lifelong Christian, socialist, and Labour Party supporter who frequently returned to his pit-community roots by attending the Durham miners' gala.

Houghton-le-Spring
Houghton-le-Spring (/ˈhoʊtən li ˈsprɪŋ/ HOH-tən-lee-SPRING) is a town in the Sunderland district, in Tyne and Wear, England which has its recorded origins in Norman times. Historically in County Durham.

It lies seven miles from Durham, 7 miles (11 kilometres). Seaham is also 5 mi (8 km) directly east. The villages and towns of Newbottle, Fencehouses and Hetton-le-Hole lie nearby. It had a population of 36,746.

Other villages within the Houghton-le-Spring postal district include: Philadelphia, Penshaw, Shiney Row, Chilton Moor and Woodstone Village.
The Twilight of Atheism
The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World is a book by Christian theologian and apologist Alister McGrath which traces the perceived decline of secular thought over the last two centuries.

McGrath states that the book is an expanded form of a speech he gave at a debate in February 2002 at the Oxford Union.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl
St. John the Baptist Church (Russian: Церковь Иоанна Предтечи) in Yaroslavl is considered to be the acme of the Yaroslavl school of architecture. It was built during 1671–1687 on the bank of Kotorosl river in the Tolchkovo sloboda (district) which at that time was the largest and wealthiest part of the town.

Its walls and dome drums are covered with richly glazed tiles; the temple's fifteen onion domes are assembled in three groups. The 7-storey, 45-metre high bell-tower was built later than the church itself in the mid-1690s.

The entire interior is covered with frescoes depicting Christian saints, St. John the Baptist hagiography and biblical topics. They were painted by Dmitry Plekhanov and Fyodor Ignatyev in 1694–1695. In 1911, patrimonial defensor Nicholas Roerich wrote Silent Pogrom about the unskillful restoration of the church after the Russian-Japanese war of 1904–1905.

Kotorosl
The Kotorosl (Russian: Ко́торосль) is a right tributary of the Volga in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The river flows from Lake Nero near Rostov past Karabikha and enters the Volga in Yaroslavl. It is 132 kilometres (82 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,370 square kilometres (2,460 sq mi).

In the medieval ages, the river was highly important strategically, for it connected Rostov with major waterways of Russia. The Kotorosl's main tributary is the Ustye, which flows past Semibratovo to Borisogleb, discharging into the Ustye from the left.
František Čapek
František Čapek (24 October 1914 – 31 January 2008) was a Czech sprint canoeist who competed for Czechoslovakia from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. He won a gold medal in the C-1 10000 m event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

Born in Branice, he also won a silver medal at the 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mâcon in the C-1 10000 m event.

1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Mâcon, France. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. The type or number of events held at the championships remained unchanged from the previous championships.

This was the fourth championships in canoe sprint.
Milan Đuričić (footballer, born 1945)
Milan Đuričić (pronounced [mǐlan dʑǔritʃitɕ]; born 3 August 1945) is a Croatian retired footballer and coach.

He managed hometown club NK Osijek 5 times, succeeding Miljenko Mihić in 1979 for his first stint.

NK Osijek
Nogometni klub Osijek (English: Osijek Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk]), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, with the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and Rijeka.
Hexamethonium
Hexamethonium is a non-depolarising ganglionic blocker, a neuronal nicotinic (nAChR) receptor antagonist   that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding mostly in or on the nAChR receptor, and not the acetylcholine binding site itself. It does not have any effect on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) located on target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nor on the nicotinic receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction, but acts as antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia (nAChR).

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of sweat glands.

Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists.
George Nesbitt
George Nesbitt (1859 – 13 December 1948) was an Irish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Castlederg in County Tyrone to John Nesbitt, a Master in Poor Law, and Rebecca, née Gregory. He arrived in New South Wales in 1885 and worked for a Sydney softgoods firm as a traveller to the North Coast from 1887 to 1895. In 1895, he settled in Lismore and opened a general store; also, in that year he married Adina Morgan. He was active in various retailers' and commercial travellers' associations throughout the 1890s and 1900s and was an alderman and mayor at Lismore from 1906 to 1907. In 1913, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Lismore; with the introduction of proportional representation he became one of the members for Byron. He left the Assembly in 1925 but in 1927 was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, serving until 1940. Nesbitt died at Cremorne in 1948.

Electoral district of Byron
Byron was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1913, replacing Rous, and named after Cape Byron. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, Byron absorbed Lismore and Clarence and elected three members. With the end of proportional representation in 1927, it was redivided into the single-member electorates of Byron, Lismore and Clarence. In 1988, Byron was replaced by Ballina and Murwillumbah.
Scaevola brookeana
Scaevola brookeana, or heart-leaved fan-flower, is a shrub in the family Goodeniaceae, native to Western Australia. It grows to between 0.2 and 0.7 metres high and produces white or blue flowers from August to December in its native range. The species was formally described by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the tenth volume of Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae based on plant material collected by Sarah Brooks, after whom it is named.

Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates.
European Policy Centre
The European Policy Centre (EPC) is a Brussels-based not-for-profit think tank on European Union affairs, founded in 1997. The EPC features prominently in broader debates about the role of Brussels think tanks promoting European integration with EU financial backing. The debate over EPC’s funding reflects a broader struggle about the role of civil society in EU governance.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Tiaodeng station
Tiaodeng station is an interchange station on Line 5, Line 18 and the Jiangtiao line of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing municipality, China. It is located in Dadukou District and opened in 2021. This station serves as the southern terminus of Line 5 and the northern terminus of Jiangtiao line.

Dadukou, Chongqing
Dadukou District is a district of Chongqing municipality in China. Dadukou is an industrialised district where the Chongqing Iron & Steel Company Limited ("Chong Gang" or 重钢) is based. Most of the facilities, including school, hospitals, shopping-malls, etc. are organised around Chong Gang.
Maschsee
The Masch Lake (German: Maschsee) is an artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover, the capital of Lower Saxony, Germany. Covering an area of 78 hectares (190 acres), it is the largest body of water within Hanover and a popular recreation area as well as venue for numerous water sports.

Georg Kolbe
Georg Kolbe (15 April 1877 – 20 November 1947) was a German sculptor. He was the leading German figure sculptor of his generation, in a vigorous, modern, simplified classical style similar to Aristide Maillol of France.
Reproductive Health (journal)
Reproductive Health is an online-only open access medical journal with a focus on sexual health. It was established in 2004 and is published continuously by BioMed Central. The editors-in-chief are José M. Belizán (Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy) and Sanni Yaya (University of Ottawa). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.295.

BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals. All its journals are published online only. BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher. It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.
Vito Scalia
Vito Scalia (May 13, 1925 – October 8, 2009) was an Italian Christian Democrat politician. He served in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy in Legislature II (1953–1958), Legislature III (1958–1963), Legislature IV (1963–1968), Legislature V (1968–1972), Legislature VII (1976–1979) and Legislature VIII (1979–1983). He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Cossiga (1979–1980).

Legislature VIII of Italy
The Legislature VIII of Italy (Italian: VIII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 8th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 20 June 1979 until 11 July 1983. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 3 June 1979.
Horkos
In Greek mythology, Horkos (/ˈhɔːrkɒs/; Ancient Greek: Ὅρκος [hór.kos], lit. 'Oath') personifies the curse that is inflicted on any person who swears a false oath. According to Hesiod, Horkos was the son of Eris (Strife). He is one of the divine enforcers of oaths, which were an important part of the ancient Greek system of justice.

Works and Days
Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, romanized: Érga kaì Hēmérai) is a didactic poem written by ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC. It is in dactylic hexameter and contains 828 lines. At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts.

Scholars have seen this work against a background of agrarian crisis in mainland Greece, which inspired a wave of colonial expeditions in search of new land. In the poem, Hesiod also offers his brother extensive moralizing advice on how he should live his life. Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition—the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages.
Filippenkovo
Filippenkovo (Russian: Филиппенково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Filippenkovskoye Rural Settlement, Buturlinovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 915 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Buturlinovsky District
Buturlinovsky District  (Russian: Бутурли́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,802 square kilometers (696 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Buturlinovka. Population: 44,139 (2021 Census); 52,575 (2010 Census); 57,204 (2002 Census); 60,915 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Buturlinovka accounts for 55.3% of the district's total population.
Tamana Girls High School
Tamana Girls High School (玉名女子高校学校 Tamana joshi kōkōgakkō) is a girls high school in Tamana, Kumamoto, Japan. It was founded in April 1925 under the name 'tamana jussen jogakuin' (lit. Tamana Practice Girls' College). In 1963 assumed its present name.

Tamana, Kumamoto
Tamana (玉名市, Tamana-shi) is a city located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 62,784 in 28553 households, and a population density of 462 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 152.60 km2 (58.92 sq mi).
Maria Elisabeth Vogel
Maria Elisabeth Vogel (née Timmermann; July 4, 1746 – April 13, 1810, in Hamburg) was a German painter from the Holy Roman Empire. She is best known for her 1792 effigy of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock. Many of her works are a part of the collections of the Museum for Hamburg History today. She was one of the first four women to be accepted as honorary members of the Kunsthochschule Kassel in 1780. She was also known by her married name of Maria Elisabeth de Boor

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (German: [ˈklɔpʃtɔk]; 2 July 1724 – 14 March 1803) was a German poet. His best known works are the epic poem Der Messias ("The Messiah") and the poem Die Auferstehung ("The Resurrection"), with the latter set to music in the finale of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2. One of his major contributions to German literature was to open it up to exploration outside of French models.
Pangili
Pangili is a village in Rapur Taluk of Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is located near National Highway 565, at an average elevation of 96 metres above the sea level. As of the year 2011, it had a population of 1,985.

National Highway 565 (India)
National Highway 565 (NH 565), is a national highway in India, which was formed as a new National Highway by up-gradation and passes through the state of Andhra Pradesh. It starts at Nakrekal of Telangana and ends at Yerpedu of Andhra Pradesh.

New Alignment of this National Highway 565, was Opened to traffic between Chunchuluru to Rapur through Penchelakona Forest.
Remember To Rise
Remember To Rise (Arabic: كن يقضا  أحلام سوداء) subtitled Black's Dream is a derivative work of the Iyasile Naa, a massive art collaboration. Observing innovation in developing countries, technologist of Ijebu descent Ade Abayomi Olufeko, known for his collective signature created the work as a cultural bequest for the African continent.

Described as a polymath by Vanguard for his international work, Olufeko teamed up with the African business club at the London Business School, during its summit which held at the Landmark hotel, he introduced the digital painting parallel to his attendance and guest moderation of a social cultural panel that featured high-profile personalities.

The Landmark London
The Landmark London is a five-star hotel on Marylebone Road on the northern side of central London, England, in the City of Westminster. It was originally opened by the Great Central Railway, as the Hotel Great Central. As one of London's railway hotels, it declined after the advent of the motor car. It served as a military convalescent home during the Second World War, and later as the headquarters of the British Railways Board. It reopened as a hotel in 1993.
LeMay Range
The LeMay Range (70°55′S 69°20′W﻿ / ﻿70.917°S 69.333°W﻿ / -70.917; -69.333) is a mountain range 40 nautical miles (70 km) long with peaks rising to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), extending in a northwest–southeast direction from Snick Pass to the north side of Uranus Glacier in the central portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and the north and east portions mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. Later, it was resighted from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and named by Finn Ronne for General Curtis LeMay, Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development of the then United States Army Air Forces, which furnished equipment for the expedition. The range was remapped in detail from RARE photos by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960.

Derek and Petra Searle
Derek John Hatherall Searle (born Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, 1928 – 12 September 2003, Norwich) and Petra Leay Searle (born Exeter, Devon, 2 December 1928) are a British couple known for surveying British Overseas Territories and Antarctica in the mid-20th Century. Derek, a photographer and map librarian worked on the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, and Petra worked for Ordnance Survey International, mapping South Georgia.

The Leay Glacier off the coast of Graham Land, Antarctica is named after Petra. Mount Searle on Antartica's Horseshoe Island is named after Derek.