hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cattaraugus Creek
Cattaraugus Creek is a stream, approximately 68 miles (109 km) long, in western New York in the United States.  The creek drains a wooded rural portion of western New York southwest of Buffalo into Lake Erie. In its lower course it flows primarily through the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca tribe. William Beauchamp identifies the name Cattaraugus as deriving from the Seneca word Gah-ta-ra-ke-ras, meaning "stinking shore" or "foul-smelling river bank." This in turn is likely a loanword from an extinct Attiwandiron, Erie, Wenro, or Wendat (Huron) language, combining the verb root -i'tar-, referring to clay or mud, and -akera(n)-, describing a bad or strong odor: hence, tke'tarakeras, place of strong-smelling mud or clay. (The Seneca language does not have a distinct R sound; the Seneca language equivalent, Canawaugus, was originally used for a site further east.)  This name is a result of the natural gas that oozes from the river mud.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
MV Taku
M/V Taku was a Malaspina-class mainline vessel built for the Alaska Marine Highway System. The ship has been retired and was sold to a Dubai-based company for $171,000. The owner sought to sell the ferry internationally, and was unsuccessful, and it was last seen beached in Alang, India, to be scrapped.

Petersburg, Alaska
Petersburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in and essentially the borough seat of Petersburg Borough, Alaska, United States. The population was 3,043 at the 2020 census, up from 2,948 in 2010. The town is the headquarters of the Petersburg Indian Association, a federally recognized tribe of Tlingit people.

The borough encompasses Petersburg and Kupreanof, plus mostly uninhabited areas stretching to the Canadian–American border and the southern boundary of the City and Borough of Juneau. While the city of Petersburg ceased to exist as a separate administrative entity (the borough assembly created a service area to assume operation of the former city's services), the tiny city of Kupreanof remains separate within the borough.
Putipù
The putipù is a musical instrument traditionally used in folk music of Southern Italy, in particular of Naples and surrounding regions. It is a friction drum, consisting of a cylindrical sound box closed at the top by a stretched membrane, with a bamboo cane attached at the center.  The instrument is played by rubbing the rod with a wet hand, cloth, or sponge, that causes the membrane to vibrate.

The putipu exists in several variants, differing on the materials and dimensions.  Other common names are caccavella, puti-puti, pignato, cute-cute, cupellone, bufù (in Molise) and cupa-cupa (especially in Apulia).  Some of these names are onomatopoeias of the sound. The instrument is also called pernacchiatore (literally "raspberry blower") on account of its sound.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
RIM-162 ESSM
The RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) is a development of the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missile used to protect ships from attacking missiles and aircraft. ESSM is designed to counter supersonic maneuvering anti-ship missiles. ESSM also has the ability to be "quad-packed" in the Mark 41 Vertical Launch System, allowing up to four ESSMs to be carried in a single cell.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Diocese of Szombathely
The Diocese of Szombathely (Latin: Dioecesis Sabariensis) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Veszprém in Hungary.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Szombathely Cathedral (Hungarian: Sarlósboldogasszony székesegyházi), dedicated to the Visitation of Our Lady, in the city of Szombathely.

Suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Episcopal Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church, although such a diocese is governed by its own bishop or ordinary, who is the suffragan bishop, the metropolitan archbishop has in its regard certain rights and duties of oversight. He has no power of governance within a suffragan diocese, but has some limited rights and duties to intervene in cases of neglect by the authorities of the diocese itself.
2004 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2004 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 104th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 2004. The championship began on 2 May 2004 and ended on 4 December 2004.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 10 October 2004, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–14 to 4–07 defeat of Ballygunner in the final at Walsh Park. It was their 34th championship title overall and their third title in succession.

Lismore's Dave Bennett was the championship's top scorer with 4–52.

Waterford GAA
The Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Phort Láirge) or Waterford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for all levels of Gaelic games in County Waterford. The County Board is also responsible for the Waterford county teams. The county board's offices are based at Walsh Park in the city of Waterford. The Waterford County Board was founded in 1886.

Hurling is the dominant sport, with the county having won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) on two occasions: in 1948 and 1959. While football is the secondary sport in the county, it is widely played nonetheless. Waterford's greatest footballing achievement was reaching the 1898 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, which the team lost to Dublin.
Pie Island
Pie Island (French: Île Pâté, or simply Le Pâté) is an island in Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Thunder Bay and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Isle Royale, Michigan. It is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) long with an area of 46 square kilometres (18 sq mi). Pie Island is readily visible from the shoreline and high parts of the city of Thunder Bay.

When a municipality was created in 1873 by the Ontario Legislature to govern the settlements around Thunder Bay, Pie Island was included in the Municipality of Shuniah. It formed part of Island Ward until 1936 when the Island Ward was abolished by the Ontario Legislature at the request of the municipality. After a land claim which ended in 2011, much of the island has been returned to the Fort William First Nation.

There are a number of summer cottages located on the southern tip of the island.

Shuniah
Shuniah (/ˈʃuːniə/) is a municipal township in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, bordering the city of Thunder Bay to the southwest.  Shuniah was incorporated by an act of the Ontario legislature in 1873, and at that time included much of present-day Thunder Bay and its predecessor and surrounding municipalities.

Shuniah, named after the Ojibwa word "zhooniyaa" for "money" or "silver" (see the French argent), was settled largely due to silver mining potential identified in the mid-19th century.
Agalychnis medinae
Agalychnis medinai, also known as the Rancho Grande leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to the central part of the Venezuelan Coastal Range.

Agalychnis medinai inhabits cloud forests at elevations of 975–1,447 m (3,199–4,747 ft) above sea level.  It is a rarely spotted arboreal frog, usually seen in temporal or permanents pools, its breeding habitat, during the wet season. It can also live in secondary forests near artificial bodies of water. It is threatened by forest loss and extraction of surface water. Its range overlaps with the Yurubí National Park and, at least formerly, with the Henri Pittier National Park, where its type locality is located – it has not been sighted there during the last decades.

Phyllomedusinae
Phyllomedusinae is a subfamily of hylid tree frogs found in the Neotropics commonly called leaf frogs. Formerly, they were often considered as their own family, Phyllomedusidae.

The subfamily is considered to be the sister group to the Australian treefrogs (Pelodryadinae), a subfamily of frogs known from Australia and New Guinea, despite being very geographically separated from them. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, where the Phyllomedusinae still live, with the two families diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of Pelodryadinae likely colonized Australasia from South America via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over. The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.
C. Rangarajan
Chakravarthi Rangarajan (born 1932) is an Indian economist, a former Member of Parliament and 19th governor of the Reserve Bank of India. He is the former chairman of the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council; he resigned the day the UPA lost power. He is also the Chairman of the Madras School of Economics; former president of the Indian Statistical Institute; the founding chairman of the CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science; former chancellor of the University of Hyderabad; and a professor in Ahmedabad University.

CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science
CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (also called AIMSCS) was founded in 2007 as an institute for basic research in statistics, computer science and mathematics. It is located on the campus of the University of Hyderabad.

It is named after CR Rao, statistician, as it was built on his suggestion. The government funded institute intends to improve teaching methods and to encourage basic research in mathematical and social sciences. S.B. Rao was the first director.

It has received 10 million rupees in grants from the State Government and individual donors and 2008 it was seeking a further 50 million rupees from the DST.
Anne Cecilie de la Cour
Anne Cecilie Dornonville de la Cour (born 8 December 1993) is a Danish former handball player, who played for Odense Håndbold and the Danish national team.
She retired in 2021.

She debuted for the Danish National Team on 11 October 2014 against Brazil at the Golden League tournament. Her first major international tournament was the 2016 European Championship. She also participated in the 2018 European Championship.

She won the Danish top league, Damehåndboldligaen in 2020-21 with Odense Håndbold; the first time ever the club won the Danish championship.

2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen (known as Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th season of Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Team Esbjerg were the defending champions, Vendsyssel Håndbold were promoted from the 1. division, which was their first season ever in the top division.

Odense Håndbold won the title, and Vendsyssel Håndbold were relegated, as they finished last in the regular season. This was the first time Odense won the Danish championship.
Gamba (surname)
Gamba is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Enrico Gamba (1831–1883), Italian painter

Ezio Gamba (1958), Italian-Russian judoka and judo coach

Fran Gamba, 18th century Slovenian politician

Francesco Gamba (1818–1887), Italian painter, mainly of seascapes

Giuseppe Gamba (1857–1929), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an Archbishop of Turin

Irene M. Gamba (born 1957), Argentine mathematician

Lucas Gamba (born 1987), Argentine footballer

Marina Gamba (1570–1612), mother of Galileo Galilei's illegitimate children

Matteo Gamba (born 1979), Italian rally driver

Paolo Ettore Gamba, Italian engineer

Piero Gamba (1936–2022), Italian orchestral conductor and pianist

Rumon Gamba (born 1972), English conductor

Sandro Gamba (born 1932), Italian basketball coach and player

Vincenzo Gamba (1606–1649), Italian musician, son of Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba

Virginia Gamba (born 1954), Argentine diplomat

Paolo Ettore Gamba
Paolo Ettore Gamba from the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to very high resolution remote sending image processing of urban areas.
Lauri Porra
Lauri Porra (born 13 December 1977) is a Finnish bass guitarist and composer who has written scores for films and other media, as well as commissions from orchestras such as the Lahti Symphony and the Finnish Radio Symphony. He is also known for his work as the bass guitarist in the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius. Porra is a fourth generation musician, and the great-grandson of famous Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Kayse Jama
Kayse Jama (born 1973/1974) is an American politician currently serving as Majority Leader of the Oregon State Senate. A Democratic member of the Oregon State Senate, he represents Oregon's 24th Senate district, which includes parts of Clackamas and Multnomah Counties. Jama was appointed by the Clackamas and Multnomah County Board of Commissioners to replace Shemia Fagan, who was elected Oregon Secretary of State in 2021.

Clackamas County, Oregon
Clackamas County (/ˈklækəməs/ ⓘ CLAK-ə-məss) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 421,401, making it Oregon's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the native people living in the area at the time of the coming of Europeans, the Clackamas people, who are part of the Chinookan peoples.

Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.
Icd-II ncRNA motif
The icd-II non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA motif proposed as a Strong Riboswitch Candidate (SRC). Icd-II ncRNA has been recognized by a comparative sequence analysis in GC-rich intergenic regions (IGR) of bacteria, using a pipeline call Discovery of Intergenic Motifs PipeLine (DIMPL). Icd-II ncRNA has been located upstream of the icd gene, which codes for an NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme. IDH is part of the citric acid cycle, and thus it participates in managing the carbon flux through this energy metabolism pathway. Icd-II ncRNA has been found in bacteria of the class beta proteobacteria, particularly in Polynucleobacter genus. Icd-II RNA secondary structure consists of a three-stem junction, where the ribosome binding site (RBS) of the adjacent open reading frame (ORF) is predicted to be involved in the first base-paired stem. It has been proposed that icd-II ncRNA can function as a riboswitch that regulates translation initiation of its associate ORF.

Ribosome-binding site
A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers to bacterial sequences, although internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) have been described in mRNAs of eukaryotic cells or viruses that infect eukaryotes. Ribosome recruitment in eukaryotes is generally mediated by the 5' cap present on eukaryotic mRNAs.
Jean Comaroff
Jean Comaroff (born 22 July 1946) is an Alfred North Whitehead Research Professor of Anthropology and African American Studies at Harvard and former Oppenheimer Fellow in African Studies.

She is an expert on the effects of colonialism on people in Southern Africa. Until 2012, Jean was the Bernard E. & Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology and of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago, Director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory, and Honorary Professor of Anthropology at the University of Cape Town.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
United Kingdom Literacy Association
The United Kingdom Literacy Association (UKLA) is a registered charity in the United Kingdom which aims to promote good practice and raise standards in literacy.  It was founded in 1963 as the United Kingdom Reading Association, but changed its name in 2003.
Wiley-Blackwell publishes a journal entitled Journal of Research in Reading on behalf of the UKLA.

The UKLA organizes the UKLA Book Awards for children's books. It is judged by teachers.

Philip Reeve
Philip Reeve (born 28 February 1966) is an English author and illustrator of children's books, primarily known for the 2001 book Mortal Engines and its sequels (the 2001 to 2006 Mortal Engines Quartet). His 2007 novel, Here Lies Arthur, based on the legendary King Arthur, won the Carnegie Medal.
Rudolf Berthold
Hauptmann Oskar Gustav Rudolf Berthold (24 March 1891 – 15 March 1920) was a German flying ace of World War I. Between 1916 and 1918, he shot down 44 enemy planes—16 of them while flying one-handed.

In postwar Germany, Berthold organized a Freikorps and fought in the Latvian War of Independence. Upon return in 1920, Berthold refused to disarm and together with his Freikorps joined the Kapp Putsch with the goal to overthrow the German national government in Berlin and establish an autocratic government in its place. Berthold died of gunshot wounds during fighting in Harburg on 15 March 1920.

Military Order of St. Henry
The Military Order of St. Henry (Militär-St. Heinrichs-Orden) was a military order of the Kingdom of Saxony, a member state of the German Empire. The order was the oldest military order of the states of the German Empire. It was founded on October 7, 1736 by Augustus III, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. The order underwent several more revisions over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It became obsolete with the fall of the Saxon monarchy in the wake of Germany's defeat in World War I.
North Wales Crusaders
The North Wales Crusaders (Welsh: Croesgadwyr Gogledd Cymru Rygbi'r Gynghrair) are a professional rugby league club based in Colwyn Bay, Wales. They are the successors to the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League. They currently compete in the RFL Championship, which is the second tier of the  British rugby league system.

Until the end of 2016 they played their home games at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. From 2017 to 2020 they were based at the Queensway Stadium in Wrexham, but also played several games at Hare Lane in Chester.  In 2021 the club moved to the Eirias Stadium in Colwyn Bay.

Chester RUFC
Chester Rugby Union Football Club (also known as Chester RUFC) is a rugby union club based in Chester, Cheshire. The club is governed by the Rugby Football Union and the 1st XV currently competes in the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, National League 2 West, following a level transfer from National League 2 North at the end of the 2024–25 season. The 2nd XV and 3rd XV play in the North West Intermediate Rugby Union leagues.
Douglas City, Oklahoma
Douglas City is a ghost town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. It is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) southwest of Luther; nothing remains there anymore, with the former townsite now being mainly wooded area. There is an active church with the Douglas name located in the southeastern corner of the remnants of the town, and the Turner Turnpike runs through the towns remnants, however.

Oklahoma County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 796,292, making it the most populous county in Oklahoma. The county seat is Oklahoma City, the state capital and largest city. Oklahoma County is at the heart of the Oklahoma City metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma County is one of seven counties in the United States to share the same name as the state it is located in (the other six being Arkansas County, Hawaii County, Idaho County, Iowa County, New York County (Manhattan), and Utah County), and the only one of the seven to contain the state capital, and one of two to contain a city of the same name as well.