hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phoulkon
The phoulkon (Greek: φοῦλκον), in Latin fulcum, was an infantry formation utilized by the military of the late Roman and Byzantine Empire.  It is a formation in which an infantry formation closes ranks and the first two or three lines form a shield wall while those behind them hurl projectiles. It was used in both offensive and defensive stances.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.
Fighting Fiction
Fighting Fiction were an English punk rock band based for most of their career in Brighton, England, driven by core members Jacob Glew and Andrew Cooke.

The band received notable attention from Mike Davies (BBC Radio 1's Punk Show) and Tom Robinson (BBC Radio 6 Music) at BBC Radio, BBC Introducing, Rocksound and Big Cheese Magazine after the release of their first EP A Lesser Of Two Evils (2009), and continued to gain positive media reception beyond the release of their debut self-titled album in 2012.
Fighting Fiction released their two albums on Xtra Mile Records, whose roster includes Against Me!, Frank Turner and Sonic Boom Six. The release of sophomore album The Long And Short Of It in September 2013 was followed by a sizable world tour, spanning 10 countries.

The group disbanded in March 2014.

Xtra Mile Recordings
Xtra Mile Recordings are a British independent record label based in London, England. The label was founded in 2003 by Charlie Caplowe and they release an eclectic mix of genres with a focus on rock and folk.
Mutter Gottes Historic District
The Mutter Gottes Historic District or Mother of God Historic District is a 15 acres (6.1 ha) area in Covington, Kentucky including the Mother of God Church which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.  The historic district included 153 buildings.

The German: Mutter Gottes Kirche is a parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington located at 119 West 6th Street in Covington.  It was separately listed on the National Register in 1973.

The district's boundaries were extended later in 1980 by a revised National Register listing which added seven contributing buildings.

Diocese of Covington
The Diocese of Covington (Latin: Dioecesis Covingtonensis) is a Catholic diocese in northern Kentucky in the United States. The cathedral church of the diocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington. John Iffert is the bishop.
Nose-blowing
Nose-blowing is the act of expelling nasal mucus by exhaling forcefully through the nose. This is usually done into a facial tissue or handkerchief, facial tissues being more hygienic as they are disposed of after each use while handkerchiefs are softer and more environmentally-friendly.

Nose-blowing may be used to alleviate nasal congestion (stuffy nose) or rhinorrhea (runny nose) resulting from colds, seasonal allergies, expel excessive nasal mucus created from crying or to expel nasal irritants.

Nasal congestion
Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing, usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflammation of blood vessels, or an excess of mucus in the sinuses caused by illnesses like the common cold.
Blaq Diamond
Blaq Diamond (stylized BlaQ Diamond) is a South African Afro pop duo from Ladysmith KwaZulu-Natal. 
They met in 2010 on a school trip where both participated in a music cypher in the school bus. They signed to record label Ambitiouz Entertainment, releasing their debut album Inqola (2017), which became their first iTunes number one.

The band first  gained  prominence  for their single "Ibhanoyi" released 2019, which received "SAMA Record of the Year".

Their second  studio album  Umuthi (2020), spawned  two platinum selling singles "Ibhanoyi" and "Love Letter".

Maskandi
Maskandi (also Maskanda) is a form of Zulu folk music, originally associated with migrant workers,  that is evolving with South African society. Thought to be pioneered by Phuzushukela (John Bhengu). Often characterised by a picking guitar style which draws on a variety of historical influences it also has an important social function with players being given sanction to publicly criticise powerful people.
Imperial Hotel (song)
"Imperial Hotel" is a single released by American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks from her album Rock a Little. The song was dedicated to keyboardist Benmont Tench. The single was released only in Australia, where it peaked at No. 99 in October 1986. The song was co-written by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers guitarist Mike Campbell. Heartbreakers Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench are featured on the track.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Ungaliophiinae
Ungaliophiinae is a subfamily of booid snakes containing two genera, Ungaliophis (two species) and Exiliboa (one species). They are small constrictors that are found in Central and South America from southern Mexico to Colombia. They eat mostly lizards and frogs and have been poorly studied.

These snakes were formerly thought to be closely related to two other genera, Tropidophis and Trachyboa; all four genera were united in the family (Tropidophiidae) based on the presence of a tracheal lung and the absence of a left lung. However, Ungaliophis and Exiliboa are now known to be more closely related to the booids, whereas Tropidophis and Trachyboa are now known to be more closely related to the American pipe snake (Anilius scytale). Within the Booidea, Ungaliophis and Exiliboa are thought to be most closely related to the North American Charina and Lichanura boas.

Trachyboa
Common name: eyelash boas

Trachyboa is a genus of nonvenomous dwarf boas endemic to Central and South America. They are largely terrestrial, fish-eating snakes that inhabit tropical lowlands. Two species are recognized.
Great Kelk
Great Kelk is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kelk, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south-west of Bridlington. In 1931 the parish had a population of 117.

The name Kelk derives from the Old English celce meaning 'chalkland'.

In 1823 Great Kelk inhabitants numbered 158. Occupations included eight farmers, a gardener, a shoemaker, and the landlord of the Board public house.

Great Kelk was formerly a township in the parish of Foston on the Wolds, from 1866 Great Kelk was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Little Kelk to form "Kelk".

Bridlington
Bridlington is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is on the Holderness part (Flamborough Head to the Humber estuary) of the Yorkshire Coast by the North Sea. The town is about 28 miles (45 km) north of Hull and 34 miles (55 km) east of York. The stream called Gypsey Race flows through the town and enters the North Sea at the harbour.

The Priory Church of St Mary and associated Bayle (or gate) are Grade I listed buildings on the site of an Augustinian Priory. As a sea-fishing port, the town is known for shellfish, and is the largest lobster port in Europe, with over 300 tonnes of the crustaceans landed there each year. It has been termed the "Lobster Capital of Europe". Alongside manufacturing, retail and service firms, its main trade is summer tourism. It holds one of the UK's coastal weather stations.
The Visitor (newspaper)
The Visitor is a weekly paid-for newspaper published in Morecambe, Lancashire, England. It covers Morecambe and the surrounding district including Overton, Middleton, Heysham, Slyne, Hest Bank, Bolton-le-Sands and Carnforth.

Until 2014 the paper was published from offices in Victoria Street, Morecambe by Lancaster & Morecambe Newspapers Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnston Press plc. From February 2014 the editorial base for the paper, along with sister newspaper Lancaster Guardian, was moved to new offices on the White Lund Industrial Estate, Morecambe.  Printing of the paper is contracted elsewhere.

As from 21 September 2011 the dateline for The Visitor changed from Wednesday to Tuesday. This reflected the fact that the newspaper was on sale in the shops from the Tuesday afternoon. It is sold around the Morecambe Bay area from Grange-over-Sands and Kendal in the north to Galgate in the south.

Grange-over-Sands
Grange-over-Sands is a town and civil parish on the north side of Morecambe Bay in Cumbria, England, a few miles south of the Lake District National Park. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 4,114, increasing at the 2021 census to 4,279.
Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the town became administered as an urban district in 1894. Though the town remains part of the Duchy of Lancaster, since 2023 it has been administered as part of the Westmorland and Furness Council area.

Travelling by road, Grange-over-Sands is 13.1 miles (21.1 km) to the south of Kendal, 14.9 miles (24.0 km) to the east of Ulverston, 25 miles (40 km) to the east of Barrow-in-Furness and 28.1 miles (45.2 km) to the north of Lancaster.
Rebuild of Evangelion
Rebuild of Evangelion, known in Japan as Evangelion: New Theatrical Edition (ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版, Evangerion Shin Gekijō-ban), is a Japanese animated film series and a reboot of the original Neon Genesis Evangelion anime television series, produced by Studio Khara. Hideaki Anno serves as the writer and chief director of the series, with Kazuya Tsurumaki, Masayuki, Mahiro Maeda and Katsuichi Nakayama directing the films. Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, Ikuto Yamashita and Shirō Sagisu returned from the series to provide character designs, mechanical designs and music respectively.

The films utilize digital ink and paint, some computer-generated imagery, and provide new scenes, settings and characters, with a completely original story in the third film, and an entirely new conclusion in the fourth. A stated intention of the series is for it to be more accessible to non-fans than the original anime series and films were.

Yoshiyuki Sadamoto
Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (貞本 義行, Sadamoto Yoshiyuki; born January 29, 1962, in Tokuyama (now Shunan), Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese character designer, manga artist, and one of the founding members of the Gainax anime studio.
Dock shunter
This article describes UK usage.  United States usage may be different.

A dock shunter, "dock tank", or "docksider", is a locomotive (formerly steam but now usually diesel) used for shunting wagons in the vicinity of docks.  It is usually of 0-4-0 or 0-6-0 wheel arrangement and has a short wheelbase and large buffers. These features make it suitable for negotiating sharp curves.

Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is  the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-axle truck, the wheelbase would be the distance between the steering axle and a point midway between the two rear axles.
Ondrej Mares
Ondrej Mares (11 February 1949 – 19 March 2008) was an Australian artist and furniture designer who lived in Macclesfield, South Australia. His work has been exhibited in Adelaide, Sydney and Prague. Mares is most famous for his Kachina pieces. In 2002, he was diagnosed with cancer, which had the effect of shifting his focus from larger pieces to smaller more compact pieces. Also, clues to his sickness manifested in later works, such as his Kachina titled 'Stem Cells'. Mares' work has been described as "jamming as much experience, humour and detail into each of his arte povera pieces, usually about 50 cm (20 in) high, as is aesthetically possible."

Macclesfield, South Australia
Macclesfield is a small town on the upper reaches of the River Angas in the Adelaide Hills region of South Australia. In the 2020 census, Macclesfield had a population of 1,413 people.

Macclesfield is in the District Council of Mount Barker local government area's South Ward. The town is also in the state electorate of Heysen and the federal Division of Mayo.
Özbek, Tarsus
Özbek is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,078 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) and to the northeast of Tarsus. It is between Turkish motorway O.51, a part of Çukurova Motorway and Turkish state highway D.750.It s distance to Tarsus is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 35 kilometres (22 mi).

Çukurova Motorway
Çukurova motorway (Turkish: Çukurova otoyolu) is the unofficial name of the  motorway (Turkish: otoyol) of Çukurova (ancient Cilicia) in Turkey. It is actually composed of the motorways  O-51 (from Mersin to Adana),  O-53 (from Ceyhan to İskenderun) and a part of  O-52 (between O-51 and O-53).
The Seine at Rouen
The Seine at Rouen is an 1872 oil on canvas painting by Claude Monet, now part of the Otto Krebs collection at the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. It shows a sunny scene of sailing boats moored by the quays on the Seine in Rouen.

Otto Krebs
Otto Krebs (25 March 1873 – 26 March 1941) was a German industrialist and major collector of late 19th and early 20th century French paintings, particularly those of Cézanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin. Seized by the Red Army and taken to Leningrad as war reparations, his collection is still housed at the Hermitage Museum in that city.
Juoksengi
Juoksengi (Swedish pronunciation: [jʉˈǒːksɛŋɡɪ]) is a locality situated in Övertorneå Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 350 inhabitants in 2010.

It is located on the Torne River, at the border with Finland, which runs through the middle of the river. On the Finnish side of the river the village Juoksenki is located. They were considered one village until the national border was drawn in 1809.

The Arctic Circle runs through Juoksengi.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Calosoma aethiopicum
Calosoma aethiopicum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1928. This species is found in Ethiopia, where it is widespread throughout the Rift Valley.

Adults reach a length of 22-24 mm and are brachypterous.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Government College of Art & Craft
The Government College of Art & Craft (GCAC) in Kolkata is one of the oldest Art colleges in India. It was founded on 16 August 1854 at Garanhata, Chitpur, "with the purpose of establishing an institution for teaching the youth of all classes, industrial art based on scientific methods." as the School of Industrial Art. The institute was later renamed as the Government School of Art and in 1951 it became the Government College of Art & Craft.

High School of Art and Design
The High School of Art and Design is a career and technical education high school in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1936 as the School of Industrial Art, the school moved to 1075 Second Avenue in 1960 and more recently, its Midtown Manhattan location on 56th Street, between Second and Third Avenues, in September 2012. High School of Art and Design is operated by the New York City Department of Education.
Itmam al-Hujjah
Itmam al-Hujjah (Arabic: إِتْمَام ٱلْحُجَّة, ʾitmām al-ḥujjah), meaning "Completion of Proof", is an Islamic concept denoting that religious truth has been completely clarified by a Messenger of Allah and made available to a people, who are considered to have no excuse to deny it.

John Esposito
John Louis Esposito (born May 19, 1940) is an American academic, professor of Middle Eastern and religious studies, and scholar of Islamic studies, who serves as professor of religion, international affairs, and Islamic studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He is also the founding director of the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding at Georgetown.
Helene & gänget
Helene & gänget was a dansband in Kristianstad in Sweden, founded 1990 by members of the Färmarna dansband. The band broke through in 1995 with the album Segla din båt i hamn. The band broke up in 2002 and its singer Helene Persson begun acting as SR Kristianstad programme host. Famous songs recorded by the band are Segla din båt i hamn, En korg med blommor and Nånstans så finns du.

Kristianstad
Kristianstad (UK: /ˈkrɪstʃənstɑːd/ KRIS-chən-stahd, Swedish: [krɪˈɧǎnːsta] ⓘ or [-stɑːd]) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Scania County, Sweden with 41,198 inhabitants in 2023. Since the 1990s, the city has gone from being a garrison town to a developed commercial city, focusing on nature preservation and a food profile.
Gebelein
Gebelein (Egyptian Arabic: الجبلين‎, Two Mountains; Egyptian: Inerty or Per-Hathor; Ancient Greek: Παθυρις Pathuris or Ἀφροδιτόπολις Aphroditópolis; Latin: Pathyris or Aphroditopolis) is an archaeological site and former town in Egypt. It is located on the Nile, about 40 km south of Thebes, in the New Valley Governorate.

The modern geographic area is known as Naga el-Gherira (Egyptian Arabic: الغريرة‎).

New Valley Governorate
New Valley (or El Wadi El Gedid (Arabic: محافظة الوادي الجديد [moˈħɑfzet elˈwæːdi lɡɪˈdiːd], Muḥāfaẓah al Wādī al Jadīd)) is a governorate of Egypt. It is in the southwestern part of the country, in the south of Egypt Western Desert (part of the Sahara Desert), between the Nile, northern Sudan, and southeastern Libya.

Comprising roughly half of Egypt's area, this governorate is the country's largest and most sparsely populated, and one of the largest country subdivisions in the world. The capital is Kharga. New Valley Governorate is named after the New Valley Project, which aims to irrigate parts of the Western Desert.
ARGLU1
Arginine and glutamate-rich protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARGLU1 gene located at 13q33.3.

The protein product of this gene has been proposed as a MED1-interacting protein required for estrogen-dependent gene transcription and breast cancer cell growth.

The ARGLU1 gene expresses at least three distinct RNA splice isoforms - a fully spliced isoform coding for the protein, an isoform containing a retained intron that is detained in the nucleus, and an isoform containing an alternative exon that targets the transcript for nonsense mediated decay. Furthermore, ARGLU1 contains a long, highly evolutionarily conserved sequence known as an Ultraconserved Element (UCE) that is within the retained intron and overlaps the alternative exon.

MED1
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 also known as DRIP205 or Trap220 is a subunit of the Mediator complex and is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MED1 gene. MED1 functions as a nuclear receptor coactivator.
Herbert Wehnert
Herbert Wehnert (born April 28, 1947 in Wiesbaden) is a former West German handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

In 1972 he was part of the West German team which finished sixth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches and scored twelve goals.

Handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics was the second appearance of the sport at the Olympics, returning to the Olympic program after a 36-year absence. The competition was for men only and it was contested by sixteen teams.
Mihail Jora
Mihail Jora (Romanian pronunciation: [mihaˈil ˈʒora]; 2 August 1891, Roman, Romania - 10 May 1971, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian composer, pianist, and conductor.

Jora studied in Leipzig with Robert Teichmüller. From 1929 to 1962 he was a professor at the Bucharest Conservatoire. He worked from 1928 to 1933 as a director/conductor of the Bucharest Broadcasting Orchestra. In 1944 he became vice-president of the Society of Romanian Composers: however, he soon came into criticism of the new communist government being accused of formalism (see Zhdanov Doctrine). In 1953, he was rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the Composers' Union.

He composed six ballets, one symphony, two major orchestra works, and many pieces for piano, chamber-music, choral and vocal music. His students included the composer Florica Racovitză-Flondor.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Vasily Peskov
Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov (Russian: Васи́лий Миха́йлович Песко́в; 14 March 1930 – 12 August 2013) was a Soviet and Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveler and ecologist. He worked in the Russian tabloid newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda since 1956. From 1975 until 1990, he conducted the TV programme In the World of Animals on Soviet TV.

In 1964, he was awarded a Lenin Prize. In 1990, he was among the winners of UNEP's Global 500 Roll of Honour. In 2013, the Voronezh Nature Reserve, one of the oldest reserves in Russia, was officially renamed in his honor.

Komsomolskaya Pravda
Komsomolskaya Pravda (Russian: Комсомольская правда; lit. 'Komsomol Truth') is a daily Russian tabloid newspaper that was founded in 1925. Its name is in reference to the official Soviet newspaper Pravda (English: 'Truth').