hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eneida Marta
Eneida Marta is a singer from Guinea-Bissau who sings in Portuguese and Guinea-Bissau Creole. She has toured internationally since the release of her first album in 2001 and was selected to take part in the 2008 World Music Expo (WOMEX). Her most recent album, Family, was released in 2022 and has ranked in the top 20 of the Transglobal World Music Chart.

Guinea-Bissau Creole
Guinea-Bissau Creole, also known as Kiriol or Crioulo, is a creole language whose lexicon derives mostly from Portuguese. It is spoken in Guinea Bissau, Senegal and The Gambia. It is also called by its native speakers as guinensi, kriyol, or portuguis.

Guinea-Bissau Creole is spoken as a native tongue by 250,000 Bissau-Guineans and as a second language by 1,000,000.

A variant of Guinea-Bissau Creole is also spoken in southern Senegal, mainly in the region of Casamance, a former Portuguese colony, which is known as Portuguis Creole or Casamance Creole. Creole is the majority language of the inhabitants of the Casamance region and is used as a language of commerce.

Standard Portuguese is the official language of Guinea-Bissau, but Guinea-Bissau Creole is the language of trade, informal literature and entertainment. It is not used in either news media, parliament, public services or educational programming.
Nagykálló
Nagykálló (Yiddish: קאלעוו, romanized: Kalev) is a small town in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary. Before World War II it belonged to Szabolcs county.

Northern Great Plain
The Northern Great Plain (Hungarian: Észak-Alföld ['eːsɒk 'ɒlføld]) is a statistical (NUTS 2) region of Hungary. It is part of the Great Plain and North (NUTS 1) region. The Northern Great Plain includes the counties of Hajdú-Bihar, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, with a total area of 17,749 km2 (6,853 sq mi) and a population of around 1.5 million. The region is in the eastern part of Hungary. It borders northern Hungary to the north, Ukraine to the north-east, Romania to the south-east, the Southern Great Plain region of Hungary to the south, and central Hungary to the west. The region's centre, and capital city is Debrecen, the second largest city within Hungary.
Whisenant
Whisenant is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edgar C. Whisenant (1932–2001), American engineer and Bible student

John Whisenant (born 1945), American basketball coach

Matt Whisenant (born 1971), American baseball player

Pete Whisenant (1929–1996), American baseball player and coach

Matt Whisenant
Matthew Michael Whisenant (born June 8, 1971) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins, Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres.
2018–19 Promotion League
The 2018–19 Promotion League season is the 7th edition (the 5th since its name change). The Promotion League is the third highest level in the Swiss football league system, behind the Super League and the Challenge League.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Guangdong Intercity
Guangdong Intercity Railway Operation Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 广东城际铁路运营有限公司), also known as Guangdong Intercity (Chinese: 广东城际), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Metro Group and is mainly engaged in the operation of Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway. The company was registered in Guangzhou on June 11, 2019, at Nansha District, Guangzhou.

Guangdong Intercity is operating Guangqing, Guangzhou East Ring, Guanghui and Guangzhao intercity railways, as well as Guangzhou Metro Line 18 and Line 22. It will operate Xinbaiguang intercity railway and Guangzhou–Foshan circular intercity railway in the future.

Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway
Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway or Suishen intercity railway (Chinese: 穗深城际铁路; pinyin: Suì-Shēn Chéngjì Tiělù) is a commuter railway in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong, China. The construction route traces roughly along the east bank of the Pearl River, connecting Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport. It will feature a length of 73.996 km (45.979 mi) from Xintang South to Shenzhen Airport, operating at a top speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) using CRH6A trains.

This is the third railway between Guangzhou and Shenzhen. It is slower than the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link but faster than the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway.
Imber tropicus
Imber tropicus is a moth of the family Sphingidae and only member of the genus Imber. It was described by Maxwell Sydney Moulds in 1983. It is found in the tropical north of Australia, including the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.

The larvae probably feed on Rosaceae species.

Maxwell Sydney Moulds
Maxwell Sydney Moulds (b. 1941) is an Australian entomologist. The majority of his books are written about cicadas. He led a morphological analysis that found that cicadas separate naturally into clades according to biogeographical area.
Ortona
Ortona (Abruzzese: Urtónë; Ancient Greek: Ὄρτων, romanized: Órtōn) is a coastal town and municipality of the Province of Chieti in the Italian region of Abruzzo, with some 23,000 inhabitants.

In 1943, Ortona was the site of the bloody Battle of Ortona, known as  "Western Stalingrad". A patron saint of Ortona is Saint Thomas the Apostle (Tommaso), whose relics were brought to Ortona in the 13th century by a sailor and are kept in the Cathedral of Saint Thomas.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
Lauca
Lauca is a Biosphere Reserve, located in northern Chile, in Arica y Parinacota Region. The reserve comprises three protected areas: Lauca National Park, Las Vicuñas National Reserve and Salar de Surire Natural Monument. This zone was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1981.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
Gałęzice
Gałęzice [ɡawɛ̃ˈʑit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piekoszów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Piekoszów and 15 km (9 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Democratic Independent Party
Democratic Independent Party (DIP; Korean: 민주독립당) was a centrist political party in both North and South Korea. The party was established on 19 October 1947. Its initiators were An Jae-hong, Kim Byung-ro, Hong Myong-hui, Kim Ho, Pak Yong-hee, Yi Kuk-no and Kim Won-yong. Hong became chairman of the party.

The DIP opposed Syngman Rhee's single-candidate government and supported Kim Ku and Kim Kyu-sik's North-South negotiation position, but after the 1948 North-South Joint Conference, it split into pro-North and 'Yang Kim' factions, and after several mass defections from the party, it transformed into a minor pro-North party. It participated in elections in North Korea from 1948 until at least 1962.

1962 North Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 October 1962 to elect the members of the 3rd Supreme People's Assembly. Only one candidate was presented in each constituency, all of which were selected by the Workers' Party of Korea, although some ran under the banner of other parties or state organisations to give the illusion of democracy. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with all reportedly voting in favour of the candidates presented.
Taweh Creek
Taweh Creek is a tributary of Mess Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Stikine River in northwest part of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It flows generally northwest for about 25 km (16 mi) to join Mess Creek about 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Mess Creek's confluence with Raspberry Creek. Taweh Creek's watershed covers 159 km2 (61 sq mi) and its mean annual discharge is estimated at 4.32 m3/s (153 cu ft/s). The mouth of Taweh Creek is located about 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Telegraph Creek, about 60 km (37 mi) west-southwest of Iskut and about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Dease Lake. Taweh Creek's watershed's land cover is classified as 41.3% barren, 21.1% shrubland, 20.7% conifer forest, 8.4% herbaceous, 8.1% snow/glacier, and small amounts of other cover.

Taweh Creek is in Mount Edziza Provincial Park which lies within the traditional territory of the Tahltan people.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Terra Ceia Preserve
Terra Ceia Preserve (also known as Frog Creek and Terra Ceia Preserve State Park) is a 1,932-acre (7.82 km2) preserve located in Manatee County, Florida north of Palmetto. The preserve is maintained and co-owned by Southwest Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP).

Palmetto, Florida
Palmetto is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was listed as 13,323, up from 12,606 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area.
Silver Daggers
Silver Daggers are an American electropunk/noise rock band formed in 2003. Known for combining intense, atonal music with post-apocalyptic political ideas, they form part of the circle of musicians in close affiliation with The Smell.

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Prenalterol
Prenalterol, sold under the brand name Hyprenan, is a sympathomimetic agent and cardiac stimulant which acts as a β1-adrenergic receptor partial agonist and is used in the treatment of heart failure. It has selectivity for the β1-adrenergic receptor. Its partial agonist activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity is about 60%. It is said to have much greater impact on myocardial contractility than on heart rate. The drug has been marketed in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
SkyRace Comapedrosa
The SkyRace Comapedrosa is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2014. It runs every year in Arinsal, La Massana (Andorra) in July and is a SkyRace part of the Skyrunner World Series.

Although the first edition, with its current name, of this race is of the 2014 (and from 2016 inserted in the World Cup circuit), since 2005 the SkyRace, which took place on Mount Coma Pedrosa, took place on a regular frequency every year, and almost always the race was valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

Arinsal
Arinsal (Catalan pronunciation: [aɾinˈzal]) is a village in Andorra, set at an altitude of between 1550 and 2560 metres, close to the border with Spain at Tor, Pallars. In the summer Arinsal is home to walkers and bikers, as well as those who just want to relax in the mountain scenery. In the winter, it offers skiing and snowboarding for beginners, as well as a good selection of runs for intermediates.
Input shaping
In control theory, input shaping is an open-loop control technique for reducing vibrations in computer-controlled machines. The method works by creating a command signal that cancels its own vibration. That is, a vibration excited by previous parts of the command signal is cancelled by vibration excited by latter parts of the command.

Input shaping is implemented by convolving a sequence of impulses, known as an input shaper, with any arbitrary command. The shaped command that results from the convolution is then used to drive the system.

If the impulses in the shaper are chosen correctly, then the shaped command will excite less residual vibration than the unshaped command. The amplitudes and time locations of the impulses are obtained from the system's natural frequencies and damping ratios. Shaping can be made very robust to errors in the system parameters.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
Epigenome editing
Epigenome editing or epigenome engineering is a type of genetic engineering in which the epigenome is modified at specific sites using engineered molecules targeted to those sites (as opposed to whole-genome modifications). Whereas gene editing involves changing the actual DNA sequence itself, epigenetic editing involves modifying and presenting DNA sequences to proteins and other DNA binding factors that influence DNA function. By "editing" epigenomic features in this manner, researchers can determine the exact biological role of an epigenetic modification at the site in question.

The engineered proteins used for epigenome editing are composed of a DNA binding domain that targets specific sequences and an effector domain that modifies epigenomic features. Currently, three major groups of DNA binding proteins have been predominantly used for epigenome editing: Zinc finger proteins, Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) and nuclease deficient Cas9 fusions (CRISPR).

Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential machinery for many aspects of DNA repair. Defects in certain nucleases can cause genetic instability or immunodeficiency. Nucleases are also extensively used in molecular cloning.

There are two primary classifications based on the locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized as deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA.
Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's floor
These are the results of the men's floor competition, one of eight events for male competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.  The qualification and final rounds took place on July 20, 22 and 25th at the Sports Palace at the Central Lenin Stadium.

Floor (gymnastics)
In gymnastics, the floor is a specially prepared exercise surface, considered an apparatus. The floor exercise (English abbreviation FX) is the event performed on the floor, in both women's and men's artistic gymnastics (WAG and MAG). The same floor is used for WAG FX and MAG FX, but rules and scoring differ; most obviously, a WAG FX routine is synchronised to a piece of recorded dance music, whereas MAG FX has no musical accompaniment.

A spring floor is used in all gymnastics to provide more bounce and help prevent potential injuries to gymnasts' lower extremity joints due to the nature of the apparatus, which includes the repeated pounding required to train it. Cheerleading also uses spring floors for practice. The sprung floor used for indoor athletics is designed to reduce bounce.
Gilbert Elliot (priest)
Christianity portal

Gilbert Elliot (17 March 1800  – 11 August 1891)  was  Dean of Bristol from 1850 until his death.

The son of diplomat Hugh Elliot, he was born in Dresden and educated at Norwich School. After a time at Edinburgh University, he matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge in 1818, graduating B.A. 1823, M.A. 1828 (having migrated to Trinity Hall, Cambridge). He additionally received a Lambeth D.D. in 1850.

He was ordained in 1824 and held incumbencies in Newington Butts, Barming, Kirkby Thore and Marylebone. He was Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1848 to 1850. He died in  Bristol.

Newington Butts
Newington Butts is a former hamlet, now an area of the London Borough of Southwark, London, England, that gives its name to a segment of the A3 road running south-west from the Elephant and Castle junction. The road continues as Kennington Park Road leading to Kennington; a fork right is Kennington Lane, leading to Vauxhall Bridge. Michael Faraday was born in Newington Butts in 1791.

It is believed to take its name from an archery butts, or practice field. The area gave its name to an Elizabethan theatre which saw the earliest recorded performances of some Shakespearean plays.
Aubenas
Aubenas (French pronunciation: [ob(ə)na]; Occitan: Aubenàs) is a commune in the southern part of the Ardèche department in Southern France. It is the seat of several government offices. The mountainous and rugged countryside is popular for vacation homes. The river Ardèche flows through the commune. Aubenas is the second-most populous communes in the Ardèche department with 12,416 inhabitants as of 2023, after Annonay and before Guilherand-Granges and Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Aubenas is the centre of an urban area, composed of 22 towns and villages including Vals-les-Bains, with 41,568 inhabitants (2018). Aside from its long-year commercial activity, it has a good strategic position on the tourist field, at crossroads of a regional natural park, the zone of the Ardèche river canyon and the start of mountains. The chestnut industry is one testimony of the intense agricultural activity earlier in time.

Southern France
Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as le Midi, is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. It includes southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the west, Occitania in the centre, the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the northeast, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the southeast, as well as the island of Corsica in the southeast. Southern France is generally considered part of southern Europe because of its association with the Mediterranean Sea.

The colloquial French name for the region, le Midi, is derived from an Old French compound composed of mi ("middle")  and di ("day"), meaning literally "midday". Thus, the term is comparable in both origin and meaning to Mezzogiorno, which indicates southern Italy, and Romanian Miazăzi which is a synonym for south.
Ivanychi light railway
The Ivanychi light railway (historical name: Feldbahn Iwaniczy–Raczyn) was an approximately 95 km (59 mi) long light railway with a track gauge of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) from Ivanychi via Pavlivka, Rachyn, Horokhiv, Stoianiv and Tartakiv to Sokal in Volhynia (now in the Volyn Oblast and Lviv Oblast in Ukraine), which operated in parts at least from 1915 to 1928.

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.