hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cantos nacionales
Cantos nacionales ("national songs" or "Nationalist songs") were three songs of the Spanish Civil War recognized by Francoist Spain as honoring their fallen.
The Decree 226/1937 of the Burgos Junta declared the Marcha Granadera as the Spanish anthem.

It also recognizes as cantos nacionales the anthems of Falange Española (Cara al Sol), Carlism (Oriamendi) and the Spanish Legion (Novio de la muerte) ordering that they should be listened to standing in homage to the Fatherland and the fallen.

A decree from 1942 reinstates the songs and orders that, in official events, the playing of the anthem and the songs must be saluted with a "national salute" (Roman salute), or a military salute if the event is exclusively military.

Salute
A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations. Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides, Boy Scouts and the Salvation Army use formal salutes. Ordinary civilians also salute informally to greet or acknowledge the presence of another person, such as a tip of the hat or a hand wave to a friend or neighbor.
Killing of Phillip Pannell
On April 10, 1990, Phillip C. Pannell, an African-American teenager, was shot and killed by Gary Spath, a white police officer in Teaneck, New Jersey. Pannell, who police suspected of possessing a pistol, was running from police when he was shot in the back with his hands raised. Spath was later charged and acquitted of manslaughter. The case created controversy over allegations of racial profiling and police brutality.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Amos Morse House
The Amos Morse House was a historic house at 77 North Street in Foxborough, Massachusetts.  It was a two-story wood-frame house, five bays wide, with a hip roof and twin interior chimneys.  It was a center entry, Federal Colonial design. It was built circa 1803 by Amos Morse, Sr., for his children, Amos Jr. and Sarah.  One of its ells was used by the Morses as a shop for producing straw hats, a significant industry in early 19th-century Foxborough.

Foxborough, Massachusetts
Foxborough is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Located in the Boston metropolitan area, it is about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Boston. The population was 18,618 at the 2020 census.

"Foxborough" is the official spelling of the town name per local government, but the abbreviated spelling "Foxboro" is common and is used by the United States Postal Service.

Foxborough is the location site of Gillette Stadium, home of the New England Patriots of the National Football League and the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer.
Pseudofulvimonas
Pseudofulvimonas  is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped genus of Pseudomonadota  with one known species (Pseudofulvimonas gallinarii). Pseudofulvimonas gallinarii has been isolated from air from a duck barn.

Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym "Proteobacteria") is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include pathogenic and free-living (non-parasitic) genera. The phylum comprises six classes Acidithiobacillia, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrogenophilia, and Zetaproteobacteria. The Pseudomonadota are widely diverse, with differences in morphology, metabolic processes, relevance to humans, and ecological influence.
Dear Girl: Stories
Hiroshi Kamiya and Daisuke Ono's Dear Girl: Stories (Japanese: 神谷浩史・小野大輔のDearGirl〜Stories〜, Hepburn: Kamiya Hiroshi, Ono Daisuke no Dear Girl: Stories; also known as Dear Girl: Stories) is a Japanese radio program hosted by voice actors Hiroshi Kamiya and Daisuke Ono. Dear Girl: Stories is broadcast via Nippon Cultural Broadcasting since 2007. The program later appeared on Radio Osaka and Chō! A&G+ beginning in 2008.

The popularity of Dear Girl: Stories has led to two manga adaptations, several audio drama CDs, a video game, and three films. In addition, for their 2014 film, Kamiya and Ono formed their own house band, Masochistic Ono Band, who later performed theme songs for the program.

House band
A house band is a group of musicians, often centrally organized by a band leader, who regularly play at an establishment.
It is widely used to refer both to the bands who work on entertainment programs on television or radio, and to bands which are the regular performers at a nightclub, especially jazz and R&B clubs. The term can also refer to a group that plays sessions for a specific recording studio. House bands on television shows usually play only cover songs instead of originals, and they play during times that commercials would be seen by the home viewing audience. Therefore, only those present in the studio during the show's taping see their full performances.
Kyūshū J7W Shinden
The Kyūshū J7W Shinden (震電, "Magnificent Lightning")  is a World War II Japanese prototype, propeller-driven fighter plane with wings at the rear of the fuselage, a nose-mounted canard, and a pusher engine.

Developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) as a short-range, land-based interceptor, the J7W was a response to Boeing B-29 Superfortress raids on the Japanese Home Islands. For interception missions, the J7W was to be armed with four, forward-firing 30 mm Type 5 cannons in the nose.

The Shinden was expected to be a highly maneuverable interceptor, but only two prototypes were finished before the end of the War. A jet engine–powered version was considered but never reached the drawing board.

Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.
European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 1
The European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 1 (also known as the 2013 Victoria Bulgarian Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 6–9 June 2013 at the Universiada Hall in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Judd Trump was the defending champion, but he lost 2–4 against David Gilbert in the last 64.

John Higgins won his 41st professional title by defeating Neil Robertson 4–1 in the final. Ronnie O'Sullivan played in his first tournament outside of England since 2012 China Open, and he reached the semi-finals, where he lost to Higgins.

Universiada Hall
Universiada Hall (Bulgarian: Зала "Универсиада") is an Indoor arena in Sofia, Bulgaria. Opened in 1961 for the II Summer Universiade, the arena has a seating capacity for 4,000 people and is the regular home venue of the Levski Sofia basketball team.
Finn Myrvang
Finn Myrvang (born June 20, 1937) is a Norwegian historian, folklore collector, and associate professor.

Myrvang was born in at Bjørnskinn in Andøy Municipality, Nordland county. Until 2004 he headed the Place Name Project in Nordland, which has registered over 180,000 place names in Nordland. He has been a place name consultant for the Language Council of Norway and the Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority. Myrvang has also published historical articles on Northern Norway, especially Hålogaland. He has also published several books on folklore and place names.

Language Council of Norway
The Language Council of Norway (Norwegian: Språkrådet, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsprôːkròːdə́]) is the administrative body of the Norwegian state on language issues. It regulates the two written forms of the Norwegian language: Bokmål and Nynorsk. It was established in 2005 and replaced the Norwegian Language Council (Norsk språkråd, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnɔʂk ˈsprôːkrǒːd]) which existed from 1974 to 2005.  It is a subsidiary agency of the Ministry of Culture and has forty-four employees (as per 2023). It is one of two organisations involved in language standardization in Norway, alongside the Norwegian Academy.
Špitalič pri Slovenskih Konjicah
Špitalič pri Slovenskih Konjicah (pronounced [ʃpiˈtaːlitʃ pɾi slɔˈʋeːnskix kɔˈnjiːtsax]) is a small village in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in the Styria region of Slovenia.

The church in the village, dedicated to the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the only remaining part of the Ecclesia minor (lay monastery) associated with the nearby Carthusian monastery.

Visitation (Christianity)
In Christianity, the Visitation, also known as the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, refers to the visit of Mary, who was pregnant with Jesus, to Elizabeth, who was pregnant with John the Baptist, in the Gospel of Luke, Luke 1:39–56. The episode is one of the standard scenes shown in cycles of the Life of the Virgin in art, and sometimes in larger cycles of the Life of Christ in art.

It is also the name of a Christian feast day commemorating this visit, traditionally celebrated on July 2 in Western Christianity and March 30 in Eastern Christianity. In the revised calendars of some churches in the West, it is now often celebrated on May 31 instead.
Mount Magdalena
Mount Magdalena (Malay: Gunung Magdalena) is a volcanic cone mountain located at the Tawau Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It reaches a height of approximately 1,310 metres (4,298 ft). By prominence Mount Magdalena is at number 24 out of 5,270 peaks in Malaysia and at 6th place out of 383 peaks in Sabah.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Bolshezingereyevo
Bolshezingereyevo (Russian: Большезингереево; Bashkir: Оло Зиңгәрәй, Olo Ziñgäräy) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nizhneulu-Yelginsky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 188 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
Hypostomus maracaiboensis
Hypostomus maracaiboensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Lake Maracaibo basin in Venezuela. The species feeds on algae and detritus, reaches 28.5 cm (11.2 inches) in total length, and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. The species was originally described by Leonard Peter Schultz in 1944 as a member of Hemiancistrus, and some sources continue to refer to it as such. In 2015, a taxonomic review conducted by Jonathan W. Armbruster (of Auburn University), David C. Werneke, and Milton Tan reclassified it and recognized it as a member of Hypostomus.

Hemiancistrus
Hemiancistrus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes. These species are native to South America. The taxonomy of this genus is complex and unclear, and major work has to be done. Many of these fish are popular aquarium fish.
Jöns Budde
Jöns Budde, OSsS (sometimes spelled as Joens Budde or Jønes Budde) (c. 1435 – c. 1493) was a Bridgettine monk from the Bridgettine convent Vallis gratiae, the first convent for women in Finland, located in Naantali, near Turku, Finland – at the time part of the Kalmar Union (1397–1523).

Jöns Budde chiefly translated from Latin to Swedish, but also wrote works of his own.
His works included the translation of the whole books of the Bible into Swedish. He is the earliest writer known to have translated parts of the Bible into Swedish.

No evidence of the literary work carried on in the Dominican and Franciscan monasteries in Finland has been preserved.

Nådendal Abbey
Nådendal Abbey (Finnish: Naantalin luostari; Swedish: Nådendals kloster), was a Bridgettine abbey in then-Swedish Finland, in operation from 1438 to 1591. The abbey was first situated in Masku, secondly in Perniö (1441) and finally in Naantali in 1443. It was one of six monasteries in Finland during the Middle Ages, and, as a double monastery, the only one which accepted women.
Battle for the Brice–Cowell Musket
The Battle for the Brice–Cowell Musket is the rivalry between the Maine Black Bears and the New Hampshire Wildcats. Both schools are members of CAA Football, the legally separate football league operated by the multi-sports Coastal Athletic Association (CAA). Through the 2025 season, the two teams have met 115 times on the football field, with New Hampshire currently holding a 61–46–8 edge in the all-time series.

Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference
The Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference, formerly the Colonial Athletic Association Football Conference, branded as CAA Football, is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I whose full members are located in East Coast states, from Maine to North Carolina. Most of its members are public universities, and the conference is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The conference is run by the same administration as the multisport conference Coastal Athletic Association (CAA; formerly the Colonial Athletic Association) but is legally a different entity.
Blues Control
Blues Control was an American experimental music duo from Queens, New York City.

Blues Control's members were Russ Waterhouse (guitar, electronics) and Lea Cho (keyboards). The group released music on a variety of formats, including vinyl, cassette, and CD-R. In 2012, their release Valley Tangents reached #5 on the Billboard Top New Age Albums chart. In 2019, the group announced they were on an indefinite extended hiatus.

CD-R
CD-R (Compact disc-recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can only be written once and read arbitrarily many times.

CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most CD readers manufactured prior to the introduction of CD-R, unlike CD-RW discs.
André Prost
Father André Prost (born 28 August 1903 in Orgelet, Jura; died 24 May 1987 in Bry-sur-Marne) was a French missionary, Africanist, and linguist.

As a White Father, he was a member of the Société des africanistes since 1932, and was a founding member of the Société des linguistes de l'Afrique occidentale (SLAO).

He authored some fifty books and articles on the languages of West Africa.

Orgelet
Orgelet (French pronunciation: [ɔʁʒəlɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Ourdzelet) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Orgelet-le-Bourget and Sézéria. The town is recognized as a remarkable heritage site (Site patrimonial remarquable). The church Notre-Dame de l'Assomption dates from the 13th-17th century.
Jean Sutherland
Jean Sutherland (6 January 1907 – 6 April 2006) was a writer, performer and photographer, who was born in Glasgow but lived for most of her life in the village of Newburgh, in Fife, Scotland.

Her photographs of Fife locals and events appeared from the early 1960s to the 1990s in the Fife Herald and The Courier, for whom she contributed articles on the history of Newburgh.

A lifelong collector and performer of poems and songs, she performed from the 1960s with The Fife Yokels, recording a number of LPs and appearing on Grampian Television's Bothy Nichts programmes. Sutherland wrote a number of original songs, including "Among The Neeps" and "The Barley".

The Courier (Dundee)
The Courier (known as The Courier & Advertiser between 1926 and 2012) is a newspaper published by DC Thomson in Dundee, Scotland. As of 2013, it is printed in six regional editions: Dundee, Angus & The Mearns, Fife, West Fife, Perthshire, and Stirlingshire. However, by 2020, this had been reduced to three regional editions for Perth and Perthshire; Angus and Dundee; and Fife.

As of August 2025, the circulation for The Courier stands at 14,836, this was a decrease from December 2024, where the average daily circulation of The Courier was 15,737, both figures are significantly down from the 30,179 copies sold in December 2019.
Themistius
Themistius (Ancient Greek: Θεμίστιος Themistios; 317 – c. 388 AD), nicknamed Euphrades (Εὐφραδής, "eloquent"), was a statesman, rhetorician and philosopher. He flourished in the reigns of Constantius II, Julian, Jovian, Valens, Gratian and Theodosius I, and he enjoyed the favour of all those emperors, notwithstanding their many differences and the fact that he himself was not a Christian. He was admitted to the senate by Constantius in 355, and he was prefect of Constantinople in 384 on the nomination of Theodosius. Of his many works, thirty-three orations of his have come down to us, as well as various commentaries and epitomes of the works of Aristotle.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Minister of State in the Deputy Prime Minister's Office (Zimbabwe)
The Minister of State in the Deputy Prime Minister's Office was a non-cabinet ministerial position in the government of Zimbabwe. There were two incumbents: Gibson Sibanda and Sekai Holland. The duties of the position were never publicly defined.

Politics of Zimbabwe
The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.

Per the 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe is a full presidential republic, whereby the President is the head of state and government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The status of Zimbabwean politics has been thrown into question by a 2017 coup.

Zimbabwe has been undergoing an economic crisis since the late 1990s.
Astra Model 44
The Astra Model 44 is a large, double-action revolver chambered in .41 Magnum, .44 Magnum, or .45 Long Colt with a six-shot, swing-out cylinder, similar in design and features to the Smith & Wesson Model 29 N-frame revolver.

It was manufactured in Spain and imported into the United States by Interarms under catalog number 55000. It was sold through distributor Lew Horton in the 1980s.

A shorter barrel of 70mm (2.75") snubnosed variant called the "Terminator" was produced by the John Jovino Gun Shop. Due to the short barrel, this pistol features fairly heavy felt recoil and a large muzzle flash. Sales of the variant stopped in 1989 due to limited demand.

Muzzle flash
Muzzle flash is the light—both visible and infrared—created by a muzzle blast, which is caused by the sudden release and expansion of high-temperature, high-pressure gases from the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Both the blast and flash are products of the exothermic combustion of the propellant (gunpowder), and any remaining unburned powders reacting with ambient air. The size and shape of the muzzle flash is dependent on the combustion energy of propellant being used, the amount of combustible ejecta remaining, and any devices attached to the muzzle (such as a flash hider, suppressor or muzzle shroud).
Chlorous acid
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid.  The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5):

2 HClO2   →   HClO  + HClO3

Although the acid is difficult to obtain in pure substance, the conjugate base, chlorite, derived from this acid is stable. One example of a salt of this anion is the well-known sodium chlorite.  This and related salts are sometimes used in the production of chlorine dioxide.

Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C (52 °F), a reddish-brown liquid between 11 and −59 °C (52 and −74 °F), and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C (−74 °F). It is usually handled as an aqueous solution.  It is commonly used as a bleach. Applications are in food processing and as a disinfectant.
William de Vesci
William de Vesci (c.1125–1184) was an Anglo-Norman feudal lord and Sheriff. Born William fitz Eustace at Knaresborough Castle, Yorkshire, the son of Eustace Fitz John and Beatrix de Vesci, he took his mother's surname.

He was appointed Sheriff of Northumberland from 1155 to 1170 and then Sheriff of Lancashire from 1166 to 1170.

In 1174, he joined other knights such as Bernard de Balliol and Robert III de Stuteville under the command of Ranulf de Glanville, Sheriff of Westmorland to attack an invading Scottish army then besieging Alnwick castle in Northumberland. The Scottish king William I of Scotland (William the Lion) was captured and the invasion successfully repelled.

Battle of Alnwick (1174)
The Battle of Alnwick (1174) is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which took place on 13 July 1174, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill.
Lysis buffer
A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the labile macromolecules of the cells (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction). Most lysis buffers contain buffering salts (e.g. Tris-HCl) and ionic salts (e.g. NaCl) to regulate the pH and osmolarity of the lysate. Sometimes detergents (such as Triton X-100 or SDS) are added to break up membrane structures. For lysis buffers targeted at protein extraction, protease inhibitors are often included, and in difficult cases may be almost required. Lysis buffers can be used on both animal and plant tissue cells.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.