hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English concertina
The English concertina is a member of the concertina family of free-reed musical instruments. Invented in England in 1829, it was the first instrument of what would become the concertina family.

It is a fully chromatic instrument, having buttons in a rectangular arrangement of four staggered rows; its buttons are unisonoric, producing the same note on both the push and pull of the bellows. It differs from other concertinas in that the scale is divided evenly between the two hands, such that playing a scale involves both hands alternately playing each note in sequence.

Chromatic scale
In Western music, a chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) divided equally or approximately equally within an octave. An interval between adjacent notes in a chromatic scale is called a semitone. Chromatic instruments, such as the piano, are made to produce the chromatic scale, while other instruments capable of continuously variable pitch, such as the trombone and violin, can also produce microtones, or notes between those available on a piano.

Most tonal Western music is structured around scales with fewer than 12 pitches per octave, such as diatonic scales. This music primarily uses an appropriate subset of the chromatic scale.
Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus
The Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus (Hindi: श्रीनगर मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद बस, Urdu: سری نگر مُظفّر آباد بس) is a passenger bus service connecting Srinagar, the summer capital of the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir with Muzaffarabad, the capital of the Pakistani-administered territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir across the Line of Control (LoC)—the boundary line denoting rival areas of control in the disputed region of Kashmir, but which is not an official international border. The bus is of symbolic importance to the efforts of the two nations' governments to foster peaceful and friendly relations and follows the success of the Delhi–Lahore Bus launched in 1999.

Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad is a city in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the largest city and the capital of Azad Kashmir, which is a Pakistani-administered administrative territory.

The city is located in Muzaffarabad District, near the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district is bounded by the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District in the north.
Torsion conjecture
In algebraic geometry and number theory, the torsion conjecture or uniform boundedness conjecture for torsion points for abelian varieties states that the order of the torsion group of an abelian variety over a number field can be bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the number field. A stronger version of the conjecture is that the torsion is bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the degree of the number field. The torsion conjecture has been completely resolved in the case of elliptic curves.

Torsion group
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a torsion group or a periodic group is a group in which every element has finite order. The exponent of such a group, if it exists, is the least common multiple of the orders of the elements.

For example, it follows from Lagrange's theorem that every finite group is periodic and it has an exponent that divides its order.
Gu (film)
Gu is an Indian Malayalam language psycho emotional Drama with horror and fantasy elements written and directed by Manu Radhakrishnan. The film is produced by Maniyanpilla Raju under his banner Maniyanpilla Raju Productions. The film stars Saiju Kurup and child artist Deva Nandha in lead roles. The film released in theatres on 17 May 2024. The film had a re-release on 18 July 2024.

Deva Nandha
Deva Nandha is an Indian child actress who primarily appears in Malayalam and Tamil-language films. She began her acting career in 2019 and has since portrayed a range of characters in various films. She is known for her roles in Malikappuram (2022), Thottappan (2019),  My Santa (2019), Simon Daniel (2022), and Neymar (2023).
United States Lines
United States Lines was an organization of the United States Shipping Board's (USSB) Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), created to operate German liners seized by the United States in 1917. The ships were owned by the USSB and all finances of the line were controlled by the EFC. Among the notable ships of this period was Leviathan, a contender for largest ship in the world for a time.

Eventually the line was sold and went private to continue operating as a transatlantic shipping company that operated cargo services from 1921 to 1989, and ocean liners until 1969—most famously, United States.

United States Shipping Board
The United States Shipping Board (USSB) was a corporation established as an emergency agency by the 1916 Shipping Act (39 Stat. 729), on September 7, 1916. The United States Shipping Board's task was to increase the number of US ships supporting the World War I efforts. The program ended on March 2, 1934.
Marley's golden mole
Marley's golden mole (Amblysomus marleyi) is a species of burrowing mammal in the golden mole family, Chrysochloridae. It is found in South Africa and possibly Eswatini. It has been separated from Amblysomus hottentotus by Bronner (1995b, 1996, 2000). Its natural habitat is indigenous forests and moist grassland, and also gardens. It is classified as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The main threats it faces are habitat degradation, either through overgrazing by cattle or the removal of vegetation for firewood, and urbanization.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
1995 World Championships in Athletics – Men's discus throw
These are the official results of the Men's Discus Throw event at the 1995 World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. There were a total number of 43 participating athletes, with the final held on Friday August 11, 1995.

The winning margin was 2.78 metres which as of 2024 is the greatest winning margin for the men's discus at these championships, the second greatest margin being 2.52 metres from the 1987 championships.

1995 World Championships in Athletics
The 5th World Championships in Athletics (Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1995), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Sweden on 5–13 August 1995.

This edition featured 1804 athletes from 191 nations.

This competition saw the women run the 5000 m event at the World Championships for the first time. The race replaced the 3000 m event which had been run at all previous World Championships.
Hubbell, Michigan
Hubbell is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 908; down from 946 in the 2010 census and down from 1,105 at the 2000 census. The community is partially within Torch Lake Township and partially within Osceola Township.

The community is on the west shore of Torch Lake on M-26, about 2 miles (3 km) southwest of the village of Lake Linden at 47°10′24″N 88°25′45″W﻿ / ﻿47.17333°N 88.42917°W﻿ / 47.17333; -88.42917. The ZIP code is 49934 and the FIPS place code is 39680. It is named after Jay Abel Hubbell, a U.S. Representative (1873–1882) from the area.

Federal Information Processing Standards
The Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) of the United States are a set of publicly announced standards that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed for use in computer systems of non-military United States government agencies and contractors. FIPS standards establish requirements for ensuring computer security and interoperability, and are intended for cases in which suitable industry standards do not already exist. Many FIPS specifications are modified versions of standards the technical communities use, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the  Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
1986 Lambeth London Borough Council election
The 1986 Lambeth London Borough Council election took place on 8 May 1986. All 64 members of Lambeth London Borough Council were elected. The elections took place alongside  local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

In the 1986 elections, the Labour Party won 40 seats (up 8 from 1982), the Conservative Party won 21 (down 6), and the SDP–Liberal Alliance won 3 (down 2). Turnout was 43.0%.

Before the 1986 election, the district auditor had identified losses due to the late setting of council rates as part of the rate-capping rebellion, and surcharged the relevant councillors (half of the total), disqualifying them from office and barring them from standing again for five years.  This reduced the Labour Group on the council from the 32 elected in 1982 to 3 going into the election.

SDP–Liberal Alliance
The SDP–Liberal Alliance was a centrist and social liberal political and electoral alliance in the United Kingdom.

Formed by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party, the SDP–Liberal Alliance was established in 1981, contesting the 1982 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 general election, 1984 United Kingdom local elections, 1984 European election,  1985 United Kingdom local elections, 1986 United Kingdom local elections, 1987 United Kingdom local elections and 1987 general election.

The SDP–Liberal Alliance ceased to exist in 1988, when the two component parties merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats, under which label they stood in the 1988 United Kingdom local elections, later renamed the Liberal Democrats.
The Essential James Taylor
The Essential James Taylor is a compilation album by American singer-songwriter James Taylor. It was released on October 29, 2013, on Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings as part of their "Essential" series in the US, and on Warner Bros. Records in the EU and Australia. The album compiles tracks spanning Taylor's second album Sweet Baby James (1970) to October Road (2002).

Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings also distributes Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not related to the defunct British independent label Legacy Records.
Modern English Bible translations
Modern English Bible translations consists of English Bible translations developed and published throughout the late modern period (c. 1800–1945) to the present (c. 1945–).

A multitude of recent attempts have been made to translate the Bible into English. Most modern translations published since c. 1900 are based on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew and Greek texts. These translations typically rely on the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia / Biblia Hebraica Quinta, counterparted by the Novum Testamentum Graece (and the Greek New Testament, published by the United Bible Societies, which contains the same text).

With regard to the use of Bible translations among biblical scholarship, the New Revised Standard Version is used broadly, but the English Standard Version is emerging as a primary text of choice among biblical scholars and theologians inclined toward theological conservatism.

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, abbreviated as BHS or rarely BH4, is an edition of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible as preserved in the Leningrad Codex, and supplemented by Masoretic and text-critical notes. It is the fourth edition in the Biblia Hebraica series started by Rudolf Kittel and is published by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (German Bible Society) in Stuttgart.
FC Carl Zeiss Jena
Fußballclub Carl Zeiss Jena e. V. ([kaʁl ˈtsaɪs ˈjeːna]) is a German football club based in Jena, Thuringia. Founded in 1903, it was initially associated with the optics manufacturer Carl Zeiss. From the 1960s to the 1980s it was one of the top-ranked clubs in East Germany, won the DDR-Oberliga and the FDGB-Pokal three times each and reached the 1981 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Since the German reunification in 1990, the club has competed no higher than the second tier. Since the 2021–22 season, Jena is playing  in the Regionalliga Nordost.

René Klingbeil
René Klingbeil (born 2 April 1981) is a former German football player and current manager of KSV Hessen Kassel.

His first senior club was Borussia Mönchengladbach. He then went on to Hamburger SV. In 2007, he joined Viking FK in Norway. He was released in the summer of 2008 and was offered a contract by Dynamo Dresden but declined their first offer.
Bostan Karim
Bostan Karim (also transliterated as Bostan Qaseem) is a citizen of Afghanistan, who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
Karim's Guantanamo detainee ID number was 975.
Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts estimate he was born in 1970, in Khost, Afghanistan.

Karim was transferred to Oman on January 16, 2017.

Thuraya
Thuraya (Arabic: الثريا, Gulf Arabic pron.: [ɐθ.θʊˈrɑj.jɐ]; from the Arabic name for the Pleiades, Thurayya) is a United Arab Emirates-based regional mobile-satellite service (MSS) provider. The company operates two geosynchronous satellites and provides telecommunications coverage in about  150 countries in Europe, the Middle East, North, Central and East Africa and  Asia Thuraya's L-band network delivers voice and data services.

Thuraya is the mobile satellite services subsidiary of Yahsat, a global satellite operator based in the United Arab Emirates, fully owned by Mubadala Investment Company.
The geostationary nature of the service implies high round-trip times from satellite to Earth, leading to a noticeable lag being present during voice calls.
1994 German Grand Prix
The 1994 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 31 July 1994 at the Hockenheimring, Hockenheim. It was the ninth race of the 1994 Formula One World Championship.

The 45-lap race was won from pole position by Austrian driver Gerhard Berger, driving a Ferrari. Berger achieved the first victory for the Ferrari team since the 1990 Spanish Grand Prix, some 59 races previously. In a race of high attrition, including eleven retirements on the opening lap, only eight cars finished, with French drivers Olivier Panis and Éric Bernard second and third respectively in their Ligier-Renaults.

Hockenheim
Hockenheim (German: [ˈhɔkn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" (Badische Spargelstraße) and Bertha Benz Memorial Route. The town is widely known for its Hockenheimring, a motor racing course, which has hosted over 30 Formula One German Grand Prix races since 1970.

Hockenheim is one of the six largest towns in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district; since 1999 the number of inhabitants exceeded the 20,000 threshold, thus the town received the status of a regional central town (Große Kreisstadt) in 2001. It is twinned with the French town of Commercy, the German town of Hohenstein-Ernstthal in Saxony and the American town of Mooresville, North Carolina.
April 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 17

All fixed commemorations below are observed on April 29 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For April 16th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 3.

Agape, Chionia, and Irene
Saint Agape, Saint Chionia and Saint Irene (Greek: Αγάπη, Χιονία και Ειρήνη) were sisters and Christian saints from Aquileia, martyred at Thessalonica in 304 AD. Agape and Chionia were charged with refusing to eat sacrificial offerings, whilst Irene was killed for keeping Christian books in violation of existing law. All were condemned to be burned alive.
Wadhvana Wetland
The Wadhwana wetland is a wetland in Dabhoi, Vadodara district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was formed as a result of an irrigation dam in 1910. Due to its ecological significance, it was designated as a Ramsar wetland site on 2021.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Hansaplatz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Hansaplatz  is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U9 in the Hansaviertel district. It opened on 28 August 1961 with the first section of the new line running south–north from Spichernstraße to Leopoldplatz. The station itself had been erected as early as 1957 in the course of the Interbau housing development.

Right besides the U-bahn train station is Hansaplatz square. Now a non-discernible traffic junction, this was an active plaza before the war. Led by Kolleg X students from the Bauhaus in Dessau, there is an active movement to reclaim this Plaza as a community space and share it with the cars and bicycles that currently dominate.

U9 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U9 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. The line was opened on 28 August 1961 as Line G. It is a crucial north-south underground transit connecting Osloer Straße in the north and Rathaus Steglitz in the south. It traverses 18 stations, passing through key areas like Tiergarten, Zoologischer Garten (Zoo) and Kurfürstendamm.

It runs completely underground with 12.5 km running from Osloer Straße to Rathaus Steglitz.
Liam Donnelly (hurler)
William "Liam" Donnelly (1928– 5 January 2017) was an Irish former hurler who played as a centre-back for the Dublin senior team.

Raised in Raheny, Dublin, Donnelly played both hurling and Gaelic football with his local club, St Vincents. As a minor, he scored the winning goal against Tipperary in the 1946 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship final. He won a Leinster Senior Hurling Championship with the Dublin senior team in 1948 and featured in the 1948 All-Ireland final, which they lost to Waterford.

Outside of sport, Donnelly served as an officer in the Irish Army, and was "third in command" (Support Platoon Commander) of A Company during the Siege of Jadotville in 1961.

1945 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1945 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 15th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. As a result of the Emergency it was the first championship to be staged since 1941.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final.

On 2 September 1945 Dublin won the championship following a 3-14 to 4-6 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.
Caineach inion Urchadh
Caineach inion Urchadh Princess of  the Uí Briúin Seóla and Queen of Connacht, fl. early 10th century.

Caineach was one of three daughters of King Urchadh mac Murchadh of Maigh Seóla (died 943). She became the wife of a prince of the Síol Muiredaig.

She was an aunt of three notable Irish rulers:

King Máel Ruanaid Mór mac Tadg of Moylurg (fl. 956))

King Conchobar mac Tadg of Connacht (reigned 967-973)

High King of Ireland, Brian Boru (reigned 1002–1014)

Máel Ruanaid Mór mac Tadg
Maelruanaidh Mor mac Tadg, first King of Moylurg, and ancestor to all subsequent Kings of Moylurg. He is usually assumed to have lived in or about the year 956.

Maelruanaidh was a son of Tadg mac Cathal (King of Connacht 925–956) and brother to Conchobar mac Tadg, who succeeded as king in 967. Indeed, he could claim no less than ten ancestors as Kings of Connacht since the 6th century. Maelruanaidh is said to have made a deal where, in return for abandoning any claim to the provincial kingship, he would be given Moylurg. His dynasty were known as the Clan Mulrooney, and later still took the surname of MacDermot.
Cubitruncated cuboctahedron
In geometry, the cubitruncated cuboctahedron or cuboctatruncated cuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U16. It has 20 faces (8 hexagons, 6 octagons, and 6 octagrams), 72 edges, and 48 vertices, and has a shäfli symbol of tr{4,3/2}

Hexagon
In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek ἕξ, hex, meaning "six", and γωνία, gonía, meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.
Alberta Football League
The Alberta Football League (AFL) is an amateur Canadian football league.  The league's schedule runs from the start of June through to the end of September.

The league currently consists of six teams: Airdrie Irish, Calgary Gators, Calgary Wolfpack, Central Alberta Buccaneers, Cold Lake Fighter Jets,  and Peace Country Cowboys.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.