hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Langlands
Sir Robert Alan Langlands (born 29 May 1952) is a former vice-chancellor of the University of Leeds. He is notable for past service as the fourth chief executive of the National Health Service executive in England (1994–2000), as principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Dundee (2000–2009), and Chief Executive of the Higher Education Funding Council for England (2009–2013).

Nuffield Trust
The Nuffield Trust, formerly the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, is a charitable trust with the mission of improving health care in the UK through evidence and analysis.

The Nuffield Trust is registered with the Charity Commission as charity number 209169, and is a company limited by guarantee registered in England with company number 00382452. The patron is Anne, Princess Royal. The Chief Executive of the Trust is Thea Stein, and the Chair of the Board is Martin Marshall.
Visitor from the East
Visitor from the East (2016) is an alternate history short story written by Harry Turtledove. It is the first of two short works published in Thirty Days Later: Steaming Forward: 30 Adventures in Time (A.J. Sikes, B.J. Sikes, and Dover Whitecliff, ed., Thinking Ink Press 2016) and would later be reprinted in Turtledove's short-story collection The Best of Harry Turtledove in 2021. It is also the first short story in the State of Jefferson Stories.

Harry Turtledove
Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American historian and author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He lives in Southern California.

In addition to his birth name, Turtledove writes under a number of pen names: Eric Iverson, H. N. Turteltaub, Dan Chernenko, and Mark Gordian. He began publishing novels in the realm of fantasy starting in 1979 and continues to write in the 2020s.
Niki Hastings-McFall
Niki Hastings-McFall (born 1959) is a New Zealand jeweller and artist of Samoan and Pākehā descent. She has been described by art historian Karen Stevenson as one of the core members of a group of artists of Pasifika descent who brought contemporary Pacific art to 'national prominence and international acceptance'.: 24

Samoans
Samoans or Samoan people (Samoan: tagata Sāmoa) are the Indigenous Polynesian people of the Samoan Islands, an archipelago in Polynesia, who speak the Samoan language. The group's home islands are politically and geographically divided between the Independent State of Samoa and American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. Though divided by national border, the culture and language are the same.

The Samoan people and culture form a vital link and stepping stone in the formation and spread of Polynesian culture, language and religion throughout Eastern Polynesia.

Polynesian trade, religion, war, and colonialism are important markers within Polynesian culture that are almost certainly rooted in the Samoan culture. Samoa's ancient history with the kingdom of Tonga, chiefdoms of Fiji and French Polynesia form the basis of modern Polynesian culture.
AMIP
AMIP may stand for

The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, a climate experiment.

The Area Major Incident Pool, a now-obsolete branch of the British police's Criminal Investigation Department, superseded by the Specialist Crime & Operations.

Criminal Investigation Department
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch. British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.
Abrotonum
Abrotonum (Ancient Greek: Ἀβρότονον) Abrotonon, pronounced Avrotonon can refer to:

Abrotonon, 6th-century BC was a Thracian, the mother of Themistocles.   There is an epigram preserved Book VII of Anthologia Palatina (Epitaphs): "Αβρότονον Θρύϊσσα γυνή πέλον· αλλά τεκέσθαι τον μέγαν Έλλησιν φημί Θεμιστοκλέα" ("Avrotonon, Thracian woman she was, but she gave birth to the great Greek which we call Themistocles").

Abrotonon, the name of a hetaera. Plutarch refers to an Abrotonon from Thrace in his Erotikos (Ἐρωτικός). In the first dialogue of Dialogues of the Courtesans of Lucian the name of an hetaera named Abrotonon is also mentioned.

Abrotonum, a plant of this name is mentioned from Pliny the Elder in his work Natural History

Abrotonum, a Phoenician city on the coast of North Africa, in the district of Tripolitana, between the Syrtes, usually identified with Sabratha though Pliny makes them different places.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Pai, Tibet
Pei is a town in Mainling County, Tibet Autonomous Region. The town is situated on the only road from Mainling to Mêdog, near the entrance to the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon. The population was 1,771 (2000).

Mainling
Mainling (Tibetan: སྨན་གླིང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།; Chinese: 米林市; pinyin: Mǐlín), formerly Mainling County, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Nyingchi in eastern Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
WVFM
WVFM (106.5 FM) is a Modern AC-leaning adult hits radio station serving the Kalamazoo, Michigan radio market. The station has an ERP of 33 kW. They are owned by Midwest Communications. WVFM 106.5 is located on a crowded frequency across southwest lower Michigan. The station covers all of Kalamazoo/Battle Creek area, can be heard well in the Grand Rapids area, and reaches as far north and east as Lansing and Jackson. During summer months, the station can be received to Flint and Ann Arbor on occasion.

The station previously competed with Grand Rapids' iHeartMedia-owned WSRW-FM (Star 105.7), a more traditional pop-based AC station whose 265,000-watt signal easily reaches Kalamazoo. WVFM was Kalamazoo's home of the John Tesh Radio Show, competing with Delilah on Star 105.7.

WSRW-FM
WSRW-FM (105.7 MHz "Star 105.7") is a commercial radio station in Grand Rapids, Michigan.  It airs an adult contemporary radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia. The studios and offices are on Monroe Center Street in Downtown Grand Rapids.  The transmitter is off Payne Lake Road in Middleville.

WSRW-FM broadcasts in the HD Radio format.  Smooth Jazz formerly aired on its "HD2" subchannel.
John M. Otto
John Matthew Otto (9 November 1714 – 9 August 1785/1793) was a German-born physician.

Born in Meiningen in Germany, Otto studied medicine in Augsburg before moving to Pennsylvania. Landing in Bethlehem in 1750, he began working as a physician, surgeon, chemist, and pharmacist on the Moravian settlement there. His services were sought after as far as Philadelphia and he became well known in the scientific circles there, leading to his election to the American Philosophical Society in 1769.

He married Joanna M. Dressler and Maria Schmidt. With Joanna, he fathered three children: Sophia (died age 2), Rebecca (1765–1828), and Sophia Magdelene (1769–1810). He is buried at the Moravian Cemetery in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Meiningen
Meiningen (German: [ˈmaɪnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the southern part of the German state of Thuringia. It is located in the region of Franconia and has a population of around 26,000 (2024). Meiningen is the capital and the largest town of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district. From 1680 to 1918, Meiningen was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen and from 1918 to 1920 of the Free State of Saxe-Meiningen.

Meiningen is considered the cultural, judicial and financial centre of southern Thuringia and thus hosts the state theatre, justice center, state archives, bank buildings and many museums. It is economically reliant on mechanical engineering, high-tech industry and tourism. The dialect and language of the inhabitants is East Franconian.
Josephine Pon
Josephine Pon ECA is a Canadian politician who was elected in the 2019 Alberta general election to represent the electoral district of Calgary-Beddington in the 30th Alberta Legislature. She is a member of the United Conservative Party. She was a member of the Standing Committee on the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund and the Special Standing Committee on Members' Services. She previously was Alberta's Minister of Seniors and Housing from 2019 to 2022.

Executive Council of Alberta
The Executive Council of Alberta (the Cabinet) is a body of ministers of the Crown in right of Alberta, who along with the lieutenant governor, exercises the powers of the Government of Alberta. Ministers are selected by the premier and typically (but not always) sit as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). It is the provincial equivalent to the federal Cabinet of Canada.
Gabrielle Roy
Gabrielle Roy CC FRSC (French pronunciation: [ɡabʁijɛl ʁwa]; March 22, 1909 – July 13, 1983) was a Canadian author from St. Boniface, Manitoba. She became one of the major voices in French-language literature in Canada, known for her portrayals of working-class life in Manitoba and Quebec and for her clear, straightforward prose. Her first novel, Bonheur d’occasion (The Tin Flute), brought her national and international recognition, including major literary awards in both Canada and France. She went on to publish fiction, memoir, and children’s literature, and her work remains central to the development of modern Canadian writing in French. She was designated a National Historic Person by the Government of Canada in 2009.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Boy Scouts of Manchukuo
The Boy Scouts of Manchukuo (Chinese: 滿洲國童子團聯盟; pinyin: Mǎnzhōuguó Tóngzǐ Tuán Liánméng) was a Scouting association of Manchukuo. The Japanese military seized Manchuria in 1931, created the puppet government of Manchukuo in 1932, and controlled it until 1945. The Manchukuo government also set up Japanese-style Scouting in schools, which included para-military training.

Scouts of China
The Scouts of China or the General Association of the Scouts of China (Taiwan) in full, is the National Scouting Organization (NSO) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and represents the Scouting organization in Taiwan. It is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement since 1937. In 2021, the Scouts of China had 53,972 members.
Springfield ARCA 100
The Springfield ARCA 100 (currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Allen Crowe 100) is an ARCA Menards Series stock car race held annually on the Illinois State Fairgrounds Racetrack during the Illinois State Fair.

It is one of two dirt races on the ARCA schedule, the other being the Southern Illinois 100 at the DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack, both of which are longtime events on the series schedule. These two races are part of the Performance Seed Dirt Double, which is a $20,000 bonus that is given to a driver who wins both races (the last time it happened was Parker Kligerman in 2009) and if not, bonuses are given to the drivers with the three best average finishes in the two races ($7,500 for first best, $5,000 for second best and $2,500 for third best).

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
Burgon Society
Not be confused with the Dean Burgon Society, concerned with the advocacy of the King James Bible

The Burgon Society is a society and educational charity for the study and research of academic dress. The society was founded in 2000 and is named after John William Burgon (1813–1888) from whom the Burgon shape academic hood takes its name. Its current president is Graham Zellick, CBE, QC, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of London. His predecessors were James P. S. Thomson, former Master of London Charterhouse (2011–16) and the organist John Birch.

In 2010, the society received charity status from the Charity Commission.

Charity Commission for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the statutory regulator of registered charities in England and Wales. It maintains the public register of charities and oversees compliance with charity law.

The Commission is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government that regulates registered charities in England and Wales and maintains the Central Register of Charities. Its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland are the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland.

The commission has four sites in London, Taunton, Liverpool and Newport. Its website lists the latest annual reports submitted by charities in England and Wales.

During the financial year 2022–2023, the Commission regulated £88 billion of charity income and £85 billion of charity spend.
Season of Mist
Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, France. From the start releasing black metal, pagan metal, and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Season of Mist's name originates from The Sandman: Season of Mists, which in turn comes from the opening phrase of John Keats' "To Autumn".

The Sandman: Season of Mists
Season of Mists is a 1990–1991 American eight-part comic and the fourth collection of issues in the DC Comics' The Sandman series. It collects issues #21–28. It was written by Neil Gaiman; illustrated by Kelley Jones, Mike Dringenberg, Malcolm Jones III, Matt Wagner, Dick Giordano, George Pratt, and P. Craig Russell; coloured by Steve Oliff and Daniel Vozzo; and lettered by Todd Klein.

In 2004 this collection received the award for the best scenario at the Angoulême International Comics Festival.

It is preceded by Dream Country and followed by A Game of You.
Buddy Hunter
Harold James Hunter (born August 9, 1947) is an American former utility infielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox in part of three seasons spanning 1971–1975. Listed at 5' 10", 170 lb., Hunter batted and threw right-handed.

The Red Sox selected Hunter in the third round, 61st pick of the 1969 MLB draft out of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. A dependable handyman, Hunter was used in pinch hitting, pinch running, DH, and late defensive replacement duties. He hit .294 (5-for-17) with five runs and two RBI in 22 career games, including two doubles and a .478 on-base percentage. In 12 infield appearances at second base (9) and third (3), he compiled a .969 fielding percentage while committing an error in 31 chances.

Following his career in the majors, Hunter played with Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox (1978–1979) and later managed the Winston-Salem Red Sox (1980–1981).

Fielding error
In baseball and softball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows a plate appearance to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term  error is sometimes used to refer to the play during which an error was committed.
Maria Jose Paschoal
Maria José Paschoal (born 1956, Horta), also Maria José Pascoal, is a Portuguese actress, who is distinguished in both theatre and television. She was awarded Golden Globes for Best Theatre Actress in 2009 and 2014. She has a degree in Architecture from the Lisbon School of Fine Arts, and continued her education with at the School of Theatre and Cinema of the National Conservatory of Lisbon (pt). She spent eight years at the Teatro da Graça, from 1986 to 1993. She subsequently worked at the Monumental, Politeama, Malaposta, Trindade and Almada theatres. From 1996 to 1998, she was a member of the D. Maria II National Theatre.

Lisbon Theatre and Film School
The Lisbon Theatre and Film School (Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema) of the Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon
inherited the function of the National Conservatoire, founded by Almeida Garrett, in 1836, and of teaching Film, introduced in the same establishment since 1971. The main goal of the Lisbon Theatre and Film School is training in the fields of Theatre and Cinema. Sometimes it is still referred to by its former designation "Conservatório Nacional". It is a public institution of higher education created in Lisbon but now located in Amadora, Portugal.
Atif Butt (gamer)
Atif Ijaz, known professionally as Atif Butt, is a Pakistani professional esports player who competes in the Tekken series representing Team Falcons. He won the CEO 2025 and placed first at Tekken World Tour Finals 2022 in the Tekken 8 and Tekken 7 divisions respectively.

Team Falcons
Team Falcons (formerly Falcons Esports) is a Saudi esports organization. Founded in 2017, the organization fields rosters in multiple esports. The organization has garnered a reputation for pursuing high-profile players and coaches, successfully constructing "superteams" in the process. They were the winners of the Esports World Cup Club Championship in 2024 and 2025.
Salman, Semnan
Salman (Persian: سلمان, also Romanized as Salmān) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 150, in 42 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
(184212) 2004 PB112
(184212) 2004 PB112 (provisional designation 2004 PB112) is a trans-Neptunian object from the scattered disc, approximately 154 kilometers (96 miles) in diameter, and in a rare high-order orbital resonance ratio (4:27) with Neptune. It was discovered on 13 August 2004, by American astronomer Marc Buie at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Geniscus
Geniscus (/ɡɛˈniːs.kʊs/) is a deity who appears in a sermon of Saint Eligius along with Neptune, Orcus, Minerva and Diana.  These are all, the Christian homilist says, "demons" who should not be believed in or invoked. The warning implies cult activity for these deities in the northern parts of Merovingian Gaul into the 7th century.

Geniscus may be a form of reference to the Genius, the Roman tutelary deity; in Gaul, the Genius is often hooded (Genius Cucullatus) and appears either singly or in a group of three.

In another sermon in the same period, the Geniscus appears in the company of witches (striae) and other entities in whom "rustics" believe:

There are some country people (rustici homines) who have a belief in certain women, because it is commonly said that they must be witches and able to harm infants and cattle, and the Dusiolus or Aquatiquus or Geniscus must too.

Christian demonology
Christian demonology is the study of demons from a Christian point of view. It is primarily based on the Bible (Old and New Testaments), the interpretation of these scriptures, the writings of early Christian philosophers, hermits, and the associated traditions and legends incorporated from other beliefs.
Grinna Lighthouse
Grinna Lighthouse (Norwegian: Grinna fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag, Norway. It was established in 1904 and automated in 1987.  Grinna lighthouse stands on the islet of Grinna in the South Gjæslingan island group on the north side of the Foldafjord. The 19-metre (62 ft) high red tower emits a light every six seconds. The white occulting light flashes every six seconds, and it can be seen for about 12.5 nautical miles (23.2 km; 14.4 mi).

Light characteristic
A light characteristic is all of the properties that make a particular navigational light identifiable. Graphical and textual descriptions of navigational light sequences and colours are displayed on nautical charts and in Light Lists with the chart symbol for a lighthouse, lightvessel, buoy or sea mark with a light on it. Different lights use different colours, frequencies and light patterns, so mariners can identify which light they are seeing.
Freddy Mezones
Freddy Mezones (born 24 September 1987) is a Venezuelan sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. He competed in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2013 World Championships without qualifying for the final.

His personal best in the event is 45.53 seconds (Barinas 2015).

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.