hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Poland)
The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Polish: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego) is a ministry within Polish government. It is responsible for national heritage preservation and Polish culture promotion. Ministry oversees state or partially state cultural institutions and implements the law regarding art and cultural property. Ministry headquarters are located at Potocki Palace, 15 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street in Warsaw. Incumbent minister has been Marta Cienkowska since July 24 2025.

Art and culture law
Art and culture law (or Art Law) covers legal aspects of the visual arts, antiquities, cultural heritage, and the art market. This law includes the safeguarding, regulation, and facilitation of three artistic activities—creation, utilization, and promotion. To protect their clients' interests, practitioners of art law navigate various legal areas: intellectual property, contract, constitutional, tort, tax, commercial, immigration, estates and wills, cultural property, international, and others.

Art law primarily focuses on fine and visual arts, even though the term art encompasses a broad range of creative forms. This law safeguards the rights of parties who are involved with art, including artists, collectors, galleries, and museums; it also fosters activities that are associated with art, including creation, preservation, and distribution. Beyond protecting individuals, art law plays a central role in supporting the broader artistic and cultural landscape.
Matt Hayes (sailor)
Matt Hayes (born: 4 February 1964 Sydney) is a sailor from Australia, who represented his country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Savannah, United States in Barcelona, Spain as helmsman in the Soling. With crew members Steve Jarvin and Stephen McConaghy they took the 12th place.

Hayes established Sydney By Sail in 1995. The company supplies charter yachts and is based at Darling Harbour, New South Wales.

Darling Harbour
Darling Harbour is a harbour and neighborhood adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that is made up of a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district.

Originally named Long Cove, the locality extends northwards from Chinatown, along both sides of Cockle Bay to King Street Wharf on the east, and to the suburb of Pyrmont on the west. Cockle Bay is just one of the waterways that makes up Darling Harbour, which opens north into the much larger Port Jackson.

The precinct and its immediate surroundings are administered independently of the local government area of the City of Sydney, by Property NSW.
Electoral district of West Sydney
West Sydney was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales created in 1859 from part of the electoral district of Sydney, covering the western part of the current Sydney central business district, Ultimo and Pyrmont, bordered by George Street, Broadway, Bay Street and Wentworth Park. It elected four members simultaneously, with voters casting four votes and the first four candidates being elected. For the 1894 election, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of Sydney-Gipps, Sydney-Lang, Sydney-Denison and Sydney-Pyrmont.

Ultimo, New South Wales
Ultimo is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is adjacent to the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney west of the Darling Harbour area, and is bordered by Pyrmont to the north, the Sydney CBD and Chinatown/Haymarket to the east, Broadway and Chippendale to the south, and Glebe and Wentworth Park to the west.

Ultimo is considered to be the leading technology, media and startup hub of Sydney, with the University of Technology Sydney, TAFE NSW Ultimo and JMC Academy having campuses within the suburb. Ultimo boasts the highest density of startups in Australia and is a central pillar of the NSW Government's Tech Central precinct. The suburb is also home to the headquarters of the national non-profit organisation, Sydney School of Entrepreneurship.

Broadway is a locality around the road of the same name, which is located on the borders of Ultimo, Chippendale and Glebe.
Gender inequality in Liberia
The extent of gender inequalities varies throughout Liberia in regard to status, region, rural/urban areas, and traditional cultures. In general, women in Liberia have less access to education, health care, property, and justice when compared to men. Liberia suffered two devastating civil wars from 1989–1996 and 1999–2003. The wars left Liberia nearly destroyed with minimal infrastructure and thousands dead. Liberia has a Human Development Report ranking of 174 out of 187 and a Gender Inequality Index rank of 154 out of 159.

Despite the progress of Liberia's economy since the end of its second civil war in 2003, it remains one of the poorest countries in the world today with high levels of poverty and deprivation, exacerbated by economic crises and increasing food prices.

Martha Nussbaum
Martha Nussbaum (/ˈnʊsbɔːm/; née Craven; born May 6, 1947) is an American philosopher and the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, where she is jointly appointed in the law school and the philosophy department.

Nussbaum's work has concerned ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy, existentialism, feminism, and ethics, such as animal rights. She also holds associate appointments in classics, divinity, and political science, is a member of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a board member of the Human Rights Program. She previously taught at Harvard and Brown.

Nussbaum has written more than two dozen books, including The Fragility of Goodness (1986). She received the 2016 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy, the 2018 Berggruen Prize, and the 2021 Holberg Prize. In the early 2020s, she was considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Jack Kaiser
John Warren Kaiser (October 6, 1926 – May 25, 2022) was Athletics Director Emeritus at St. John's University in Queens, NY. He was an American baseball player, college coach, and administrator. A graduate of St. John's Preparatory School Kaiser continued on to the Vincentian Father's St. John's  University, where as a player, he helped St. John's to the 1949 College World Series. After a brief minor league career, he became head coach at St. John's. Kaiser managed the short-season Class D Lexington Red Sox in 1957 and 1958. Kaiser led the now-named St. John's Red Storm baseball team to eleven postseason appearances, including three trips to the College World Series (1960, 1966 and 1968) in his 18-year career as head coach.  Kaiser then became athletic director at St. John's, and was instrumental in the establishment of the Big East Conference.

College World Series
The College World Series (CWS), officially the NCAA Men's College World Series (MCWS), is a baseball tournament held each June in Omaha, Nebraska. It is the culmination of the NCAA Division I baseball tournament—featuring 64 teams in the first round—which determines the champion of NCAA Division I level college baseball. The eight participating teams are split into two double-elimination brackets of four teams apiece, with the bracket winners playing in a best-of-three championship series.
Mickey Finn (inventor)
Charles Albert "Mickey" Finn (June 21, 1938 – April 24, 2007) was an American weapon designer who specialized in designing military equipment for the United States Armed Forces, most famously the M9 bayonet. After retiring, he focused on designing knives and sports equipment, including the Mickey Finn T-Bar putter.

Putter
A putter is a club used in the sport of golf to make relatively short and low-speed strokes with the intention of rolling the ball into the hole from a short distance away. It is differentiated from the other clubs (typically, irons and woods) by a clubhead with a very flat, low-profile, low-loft striking face, and by other features which are only allowed on putters, such as bent shafts, non-circular grips, and positional guides.

Putters are generally used from very close distances to the cup, generally on the putting green, though certain courses have fringes and roughs near the green which are also suitable for putting. While no club in a player's bag is absolutely indispensable nor required to be carried by strict rules, the putter comes closest. It is a highly specialized tool for a specific job, and virtually no golfer is without one.
Rare variant (genetics)
A rare variant is a genetic variant which occurs at low frequency in a population.  Rare variants play a significant role in both complex and Mendelian disease and are responsible for a portion of the missing heritability of complex diseases. The theoretical case for a significant role of rare variants is that alleles that strongly predispose an individual to disease will be kept at low frequencies in populations by purifying selection. Rare variants are increasingly being studied, as a consequence of whole exome and whole genome sequencing efforts. While these variants are individually infrequent in populations, there are many in human populations, and they can be unique to specific populations.  They are more likely to be deleterious than common variants, as a result of rapid population growth and weak purifying selection.  They have been suspected of acting independently or along with common variants to cause disease states.

Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Augustinian Friar, the Right Rev. Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson. Its defining characteristic is heavy association with a singular gene. The principles were initially controversial. When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics. Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, putting evolution onto a mathematical footing and forming the basis for population genetics within the modern evolutionary synthesis.
1974 FIFA World Cup final
The 1974 FIFA World Cup final was the final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup held in Munich, Germany (formerly West Germany) on 7 July. It was the 10th FIFA World Cup competition, held to determine the world champion among national men's football sides. The match was contested by the Netherlands and West Germany, with West Germany winning 2–1. The Netherlands opened the scoring via a Johan Neeskens penalty in the second minute, only for Paul Breitner to equalise with another penalty in the 25th minute before Gerd Müller scored the winning goal in the 43rd minute, claiming West Germany's second FIFA World Cup.

Five German players (Sepp Maier, Franz Beckenbauer, Wolfgang Overath, Jürgen Grabowski and Horst-Dieter Höttges) became the first in history to have won gold, silver and bronze medals at the FIFA World Cup.

Wolfgang Overath
Wolfgang Overath (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈʔoːvəʁaːt] ⓘ; born 29 September 1943) is a former West German footballer.  A true one-club man, Overath spent his entire professional career at 1. FC Köln. He represented his country three times in World Cup finals, culminating in 1974 with the 2–1 victory over the Netherlands on home soil. Primarily an attacking midfielder, Overath was known for his passing ability, technique and outstanding left foot.
Lasers in cancer treatment
Lasers are used to treat cancer in several different ways. Their high-intensity light can be used to shrink or destroy tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are most commonly used to treat superficial cancers (cancers on the surface of the body or the lining of internal organs) such as basal-cell skin cancer and the very early stages of some cancers, such as cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and non-small cell lung cancer.

Ordinary light consists of many wavelengths and spreads in all directions. Laser light, on the other hand, has a specific wavelength and can be collimated to produce a narrow beam with very high intensity. Because lasers can focus very accurately on tiny areas, they can be used for very precise surgical work or for cutting through tissue (in place of a scalpel). Three types of lasers are used to treat cancer: carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, argon lasers, and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers.

Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III),  typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size. It is the neodymium ion which provides the lasing activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as the red chromium ion in ruby lasers.

Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first demonstrated by Joseph E. Geusic et al. at Bell Laboratories in 1964. Geusic and LeGrand Van Uitert received the Optical Society of America's R. W. Wood Prize in 1993 "for the discovery of the Nd:YAG laser and the demonstration of its usefulness as a practical solid state laser source".
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disorder that prevents the body from converting certain fats into energy. This can become life-threatening, particularly during periods of fasting.

Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, sleepiness, weariness, fatigue, sluggishness, or lack of energy. It can be accompanied by depression, decreased motivation, or apathy. Lethargy can be a normal response to inadequate sleep, overexertion, overworking, stress, lack of exercise, improper nutrition, drug abuse, boredom, or a symptom of an underlying illness or disorder. It may also be a side effect of medication or caused by an interaction between medications and alcohol. It may also be an altered level of consciousness.

When part of a normal response, lethargy often resolves with rest, adequate sleep, decreased stress, physical exercise, and good nutrition. Its symptoms, however, can last days or even months, so it can be a sign of a recent underlying illness or infection if it does not resolve normally.
2022 Aspria Tennis Cup – Doubles
Vít Kopřiva and Jiří Lehečka were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Luciano Darderi and Fernando Romboli won the title after defeating Diego Hidalgo and Cristian Rodríguez 6–4, 2–6, [10–5] in the final.

Fernando Romboli
Fernando Romboli de Souza (born 4 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 40, achieved on 8 September 2025. He also reached a singles ranking of No. 236 on 20 June 2011. Romboli has won two ATP Tour titles in doubles.
Simon of Ghent
Simon of Ghent (or Simon de Gandavo; died 1315) was a medieval Bishop of Salisbury in England.

Simon was a prebendary of the diocese of Salisbury and Chancellor of Oxford University, as well as Archdeacon of Oxford.

Simon was elected bishop on 2 June 1297 and consecrated on 20 October 1297 at Canterbury He died on 2 April 1315.

Diocese of Salisbury
51°03′54″N 1°47′53″W﻿ / ﻿51.065°N 1.798°W﻿ / 51.065; -1.798

The Diocese of Salisbury is a Church of England diocese in the south of England, within the ecclesiastical Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers the historic county of Dorset (which excludes the deaneries of Bournemouth and Christchurch, which fall within the Diocese of Winchester as they were historically in Hampshire), most of Wiltshire (excepting an area in the north and Swindon), and the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. The diocese is led by Stephen Lake, Bishop of Salisbury, and by the diocesan synod. The bishop's seat is at Salisbury Cathedral.
Anthy
Anthy (Japanese: アンシー, romanized: Anshī) is a package for an input method editor backend for Unix-like systems for the Japanese language. It can convert Hiragana to Kanji as per the language rules. As a preconversion stage, Latin characters (Romaji) can be used to input Hiragana. Anthy is commonly used with an input method framework such as ibus, fcitx or SCIM.

As of January 2014, ibus-anthy is mature and stable, and can be used to author Japanese documents in LibreOffice version 4.1 by typing Romaji on a U.S. keyboard into a U.S. English localized LibreOffice installation. The Romaji is converted to Hiragana on-the-fly, and the Hiragana is likewise optionally converted to Kanji, with multiple Kanji equivalents presented for selection. The interface is well integrated into LibreOffice.

Anthy is free software released under the GNU GPL v2.

The input method is named after Anthy Himemiya, a character from the anime Revolutionary Girl Utena.

Fcitx
Fcitx ([ˈfaɪtɪks], Chinese: 小企鹅输入法) stands for Flexible Context-aware Input Tool with eXtension support, is an input method framework with extension support for the X Window System that supports multiple input method engines including Pinyin transcription, table-based input methods (e.g. Wubi method), fcitx-chewing for Traditional Chinese, fcitx-keyboard for layout-based ones, fcitx-mozc for Japanese, and fcitx-hangul for Korean.

It supports UTF-8, GBK and GB 18030 character encodings, can run in Linux and FreeBSD, and supports XIM protocol, GTK+ (both 2 and 3) and Qt input method modules.

Before version 3.6, Fcitx used GBK encoding internally, which has been changed to UTF-8 in the 4.0 release. Since version 4.1, it has become highly modular, and has added support for Google Pinyin (which was ported from the Android version), fbterm, and KDE. The license was changed in the 5.0 release, from GPL to LGPL.
RV Atair
RV Atair is a research vessel owned and operated by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (BSH).  She entered service in 2021 and replaces a 1987-built research vessel also named Atair.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
T. J. Pereira
Tiago Josué Pereira (born 29 November 1976) is a Brazilian jockey who competes in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. He entered professional racing as an apprentice in 1994, winning 96 races at Brazil's Cristal Racecourse in his first year. Since then he has competed at various racetracks around the world, including Dubai, France, and Singapore, and the United States, and has won more than 1,750 races.

On March 27, 2010, Pereira won the richest and most important race of his career aboard Glória de Campeão when he captured the US$10 million Dubai World Cup at Meydan Racecourse.

Hipodromo do Cristal
Hipodromo do Cristal (Cristal Racecourse) is the most important center of horse racing in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located at Porto Alegre. It was designed by renowned Uruguayan architect Roman Fresnedo Siri. It is regarded as a remarkable example of modern architecture in South America.

Horse races are taking place on Thursday. A major event is the Grande Premio Bento Goncalves (in November).
Dewar Trophy
The Dewar Trophy is a cup donated in the early years of the twentieth century by Sir Thomas R. Dewar, MP, to be awarded each year by the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) of the United Kingdom "to the motor car which should successfully complete the most meritorious performance or test furthering the interests and advancement of the automobile industry".

The Dewar Trophy Technical Committee, who are responsible for the awarding of the trophy also award the Simms Medal at the same time as the Dewar Trophy. The Simms medal is awarded "for ‘An Outstanding Contribution to Motoring Innovation’. The Royal Automobile Club Simms Medal is named after the Club’s founding member Frederick Simms and is awarded to recognise a genuine contribution to motoring innovation by individuals or small companies".

Thomas Dewar, 1st Baron Dewar
Thomas Robert Dewar, 1st Baron Dewar DL (6 January 1864 – 11 April 1930) was a Scottish whisky distiller who, along with his brother John Dewar, built their family company John Dewar & Sons into an international success. They blended their whisky to make it more appealing to the international palate and Dewar demonstrated particular skills in marketing, travelling the world to find new markets and promote his product, exploiting romantic images of Scotland and tartan in his advertising.
Ray White (baseball)
Raymond Petrie White (November 26, 1910 in Brooklyn, New York – August 17, 1995 in Norfolk, Virginia) was a minor league baseball pitcher and manager. He played from 1933 to 1940, going 55–37 in 170 games. Over the course of his six-year career, he threw 877 innings. In 1934, he went 17–9 while splitting the season between the Norfolk Tars and Binghamton Triplets.

In his first year of managing, he led the Bassett Furnituremakers to a league championship in 1937. He took the helm for the Norfolk Tars and led them to a playoff appearance in 1938, however they lost in the first round. He led them until 1940, when he was replaced partway through the season by Phil Page. He last managed for the Augusta Tigers in 1940, replacing the same Phil Page who took his job in Norfolk.

He managed future Hall of Famer Phil Rizzuto.

Augusta Tigers
The Augusta Tigers was the primary moniker of the minor league baseball teams in Augusta, Georgia. Beginning in 1884, Augusta has hosted numerous teams in various leagues. 
Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Ty Cobb played for the Augusta Tourists in 1904 and 1905.
Arkel
Arkel is a town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. A part of the municipality of Molenlanden, it lies about 3 km north of Gorinchem. Arkel is a former municipality; in 1986 it became part of Giessenlanden.

In 2017, the village of Arkel had 3.445 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.42 km² and contained 1.125 residences.
The statistical area "Arkel", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3220. Though there are little places of cultural interest in Arkel, there is a 19th-century domed church and a 19th-century windmill.

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.