hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Findley payments
Findley payments — Under the so-called Findley Provision authorized by the Food Security Act of 1985, P.L. 99-198, (and first sponsored by former Illinois Representative Paul Findley), USDA was able to reduce the basic, formula-set nonrecourse loan rate for major crops by up to an additional 20% if that was necessary to keep the United States competitive in international markets. If done, direct compensatory payments were made to producers equal to the amount of the loan rate reduction. These Findley Payments, limited to $200,000 per person, essentially added to the larger direct deficiency payment. The Findley provisions were superseded by the marketing loan repayment provisions of the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127).

Paul Findley
Paul Augustus Findley (June 23, 1921 – August 9, 2019) was an American writer and politician. He served as United States Representative from Illinois, representing its 20th District. A Republican, he was first elected in 1960. A moderate Republican for most of his long political career, Findley was a supporter of civil rights and an early opponent of the U.S. war in Vietnam. He co-authored the War Powers Act in 1973, which aims to limit the ability of the president to go to war without congressional authorization. Findley lost his seat in 1982 to current United States Senator Dick Durbin who benefited from significant financial support from Israeli-aligned PACs, particularly AIPAC, which helped fuel his defeat. Findley was a cofounder of the Council for the National Interest, a Washington, D.C. advocacy group, and was a vocal critic of American policy towards Israel.
Cycloserine
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by mouth.

Common side effects include allergic reactions, seizures, sleepiness, unsteadiness, and numbness. It is not recommended in people who have kidney failure, epilepsy, depression, or are alcoholics. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Cycloserine is similar in structure to the amino acid D-alanine and works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall.

Cycloserine was discovered in 1954 from a type of Streptomyces. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Hydroxylamine
Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2OH. The compound exists as hygroscopic colorless crystals. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as either an aqueous solution or, more often, as one of its salts, such as hydroxylammonium sulfate, a water-soluble solid.

Hydroxylamine and its salts are consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of NH3 to hydroxylamine is a step in biological nitrification.
Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki
Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki (born 5 September 1948) is a Nigerien politician. An engineer by profession, specializing in civil aviation, Oubandawaki held various posts at ASECNA and served in the government of Niger under President Ibrahim Baré Mainassara, first as Minister of National Defense from 1996 to 1997 and then as Minister of Transport from 1997 to 1998. He was Director-General of ASECNA from January 1999 to December 2004.

After founding a political party, the Rally of Nigerien Patriots (Rassemblement des patriotes nigériens, RPN-Alkalami), Oubandawaki was elected to the National Assembly of Niger in 2009 and became President of the Independent Parliamentary Group. He served only a few months in the National Assembly, as it was dissolved in a February 2010 military coup. Since 2011, he has been a Special Adviser to President Mahamadou Issoufou.

Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar
The Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar  (L'Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar, ASECNA) is an air traffic control agency based in Dakar, Senegal.

It manages 16.1 million square kilometres of airspace (1.5 times the size of Europe) covering six Flight Information Regions (FIRs) – Antananarivo, Brazzaville, Dakar Oceanic and Terrestrial, Niamey and N’Djamena.  ASECNA Air Traffic Control centres are based at international airports in each of these cities.

In July 2008, a strike by ASECNA staff in Gabon disrupted air traffic in Cameroon and elsewhere.
Lavukaleve language
Lavukaleve is one of the four Central Solomons languages of the Solomon Islands. It is thus assumed to be the descendant of the languages spoken in the Solomon Islands before the spread of the much more numerous Austronesian languages. The name Lavukaleve derives from the ethnonym Lavukal. The Lavukals are the Indigenous peoples of the Russell Islands, part of the Solomon Islands Central Province. A comprehensive grammatical description of Lavukaleve was published by the linguist Angela Terrill in 2003.

Lavukaleve is spoken in about eleven main villages. It used to be spoken predominantly on Pavuvu, the largest island, but the speakers were forcefully relocated by the British to the smaller islands in order to make way for plantations.

Pavuvu
Pavuvu is the largest of the Russell Islands in Central Province, Solomon Islands. It is located northwest of Guadalcanal. The area is 129.19 square kilometres (49.88 sq mi). The largest village is Nukufero on the north coast.

The island had served as a coconut plantation for natives. In 1942, following the beginning of the Pacific Theater of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Navy swept over the Solomon Islands, leading to the natives abandoning the island. After the United States captured Guadalcanal, they were able to use the airfield to bomb out the Japanese garrisons on nearby islands. Pavuvu was one of them. This island served as temporary home to the U.S. 1st Marine Division, starting in May 1944 after their action on Cape Gloucester, and again after their action on Peleliu. After the war, the natives returned to the island and resumed the coconut plantation.
Louise Parks
Louise Parks (born 1945) is an American painter. She holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Pratt Institute, and a Master of Fine Arts degree from Hunter College.  Her work has been seen in numerous group and solo exhibitions, including Afro-American Artists: New York and Boston at the Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists in 1970 and the 1971 exhibition Twenty Six Contemporary Women Artists held at The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum She has also been active as a curator, working with Milton Brown on a show of the work of Jacob Lawrence at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1974.

The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum
The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum is located in Ridgefield, Connecticut. The Aldrich has no permanent collection and is the only museum in Connecticut that is dedicated solely to the exhibition of contemporary art. The museum presents the first solo museum exhibitions by emerging artists, significant exhibitions of established and mid-career artists whose work is under recognized, thematic group exhibitions exploring topics in contemporary art and society, and newly commissioned work.
David Telling
David Malcolm Telling was the founder of MITIE Group, which is now one of the United Kingdom's largest facilities management companies.  Born in Harrow, North London on 12 August 1938 and brought up in Cleeve in Somerset, David Telling was educated at Cheltenham College. He died on 31 October 2003, aged 65.

Cheltenham College
Cheltenham College is a public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils aged 13–18) in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. The school opened in 1841 as a Church of England foundation and is known for its outstanding linguistic, military, and sporting traditions.
Westair Aviation
Westair Aviation Limited is a Namibian  aviation service provider and airline offering scheduled passenger services under the FlyNamibia brand as well as cargo and Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance (ACMI) services based at Eros Airport in Windhoek.

Aircraft lease
Aircraft leases are leases used by airlines and other aircraft operators. Airlines lease aircraft from other airlines or leasing companies for two main reasons: to operate aircraft without the financial burden of buying them, as well as to provide temporary increase in capacity. The industry has two main leasing types: wet-leasing, which is normally used for short-term leasing, and dry-leasing which is more normal for longer-term leases. The industry also uses combinations of wet and dry. For example, when the aircraft is wet-leased to establish new services, then as the airline's flight or cabin crews become trained, they can be switched to a dry lease. In some markets, there may also be hybrid models, such as with crew provided by lessees.
Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle
Mahindra Armoured Light Specialist Vehicle (ALSV), also known as Armado or simply Light Specialist Vehicle (LSV), is a light-weight four-wheel drive air transportable tactical armoured specialist vehicle designed by Mahindra & Mahindra for the Indian Army and the Indian Special Forces. It's a modular type vehicle built to be maintenance friendly, and can be upgraded and configured for wide range of roles.

XXXIII Corps (India)
The XXXIII Corps, or the Trishakti Corps, is a corps of the Indian Army. It draws some of its heritage from the British Indian XXXIII Corps, which was formed in 1942 but disbanded in 1945. It was re-raised in 1960 at Shillong.

The corps is headquartered in Sukna in Siliguri, North Bengal and is commanded by a Three Star officer of the rank of Lieutenant General titled General Officer Commanding (GOC). His chief of staff is a Two Star officer of the rank of Major General. The total troop strength of the XXXIII corps is estimated to be between 45,000 and 60,000 soldiers.
Mahesh Acharya
Mahesh Acharya (Nepali: महेश आचार्य) was the minister of Forest and Soil Conservation of Nepal under the government led by Sushil Koirala.  Acharya won the Morang–6 seat in Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, 2013 from the Nepali Congress. Acharya is the member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly, he is a central member of Nepali congress, Acharya plunged into politics since panchayat era from NC, by taking part in the anti-panchayat movement with leaders including Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Girija Prasad Koirala.

2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
The Second Constituent Assembly of Nepal, later converted to the Legislature Parliament (Nepali: व्यवस्थापिका संसद), was a unicameral legislature of Nepal. It was elected in the 2013 Constituent Assembly elections after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly (CA) to promulgate a new constitution. The Assembly converted into a legislative parliament after the constitution was promulgated in 2015. The legislature parliament's term ended on 14 October 2017.
Epariti
Epariti (Ancient Greek: ἐπάριτοι), was an elite military unit of the Arcadian League. The name was of Arcadian origin and meant "selected", "picked".
Diodorus Siculus called them ἐπίλεκτοι ("selected", "picked", "elite").
Hesychius of Alexandria called them ἐπαρόητοι.
Stephanus of Byzantium called them ἐπαρῖται but is a misquotation and also misunderstood them as an Arcadian tribe from the town Eparis (Ἔπαρις).

This unit was formed after the defeat of the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra and its role was to preserve the independence of the Arcadian towns and defend the common interests of the League. They were 5,000 and were paid by the state.
Xenophon wrote in detail about this unit.

Battle of Leuctra
The Battle of Leuctra (Ancient Greek: Λεῦκτρα, Ancient Greek: [lêu̯k.tra]) was fought on 6 July 371 BC between the Boeotians led by the Thebans, and the Spartans along with their allies amidst the post–Corinthian War conflict. The battle took place in the vicinity of Leuctra, a village in Boeotia in the territory of Thespiae. The Theban victory shattered Sparta's immense influence over the Greek peninsula, which Sparta had gained with its victory in the Peloponnesian War a generation earlier.
Upper Karoo Group
The Upper Karoo Group is a sequence of Triassic to Early Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks found in Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

It comprises the Escarpment Grit (in the Mid-Zambezi and Limpopo basins) and the Angwa Sandstone (in the Mana Pools and Cabora Bassa Basins), overlain by the Pebbly Arkose Formation and the Forest Sandstone, capped by Batoka Formation basalts.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
Furylfuramide
Furylfuramide (also known as AF-2) is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative which was widely used as a food preservative in Japan since at least 1965, but withdrawn from the market in 1974 when it was observed to be mutagenic to bacteria in vitro and thus suspected of carcinogenicity. This was confirmed later when animal testing found it to cause benign and malignant tumors in the mammary glands, stomachs, esophagi, and lungs of rodents of both sexes, although insufficient evidence exists in human exposure.

This successful use of bacterial mutagenicity as a screen for carcinogenicity confirmed the use of this methodology as a rapid and efficient test, in comparison to animal testing alone, and led to its further development. The availability of such simpler tests in turn gave rise to greater government oversight and testing of compounds to which the public would be exposed.

Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens, although not all necessarily are. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes.

The process of DNA becoming modified is called mutagenesis. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to spontaneous hydrolysis, errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination.
Jesse Sheidlower
Jesse Sheidlower (born August 5, 1968) is a lexicographer, editor, author, and programmer. He is past president of the American Dialect Society, was the project editor of the Random House Dictionary of American Slang, and is the author of The F-Word, a history of the word "fuck". He is also a former editor-at-large at the Oxford English Dictionary. New York Magazine named him one of the 100 smartest people in New York, and he serves as a judge for the annual "literary-celeb-studded" Council of Literary Magazines and Presses spelling bee. Sheidlower is employed as an adjunct assistant professor at Columbia University.

Sheidlower was a language consultant for Amazon's adaptation of Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle, and in January 2021, he launched the Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction, a website tracing the origin of terms in science fiction literature.

Community of Literary Magazines and Presses
The Community of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP) is an American nonprofit organization of independent literary publishers and magazines, that "channels small sums to little magazines publishing poetry and fiction."

The mission of the CLMP was described in a 1981 New York Times article as a "service organization,... set up to help ... literary groups.... Such magazines as The Partisan Review,... TriQuarterly and Poetry are helped by the council. The help is not large; it is seldom in excess of $5,000." As of 2024 the CLMP has a membership of more 1,000 organizations/publishers, from "those with budgets of less than $5,000 to those of more than $1 million." The organization also administers the CLMP Firecracker Awards and the Lord Nose Award.
Prasophyllum solstitium
Prasophyllum solstitium is a species of orchid endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has a single tubular, bright green leaf and up to thirty five greenish-pink to purplish-red flowers crowded on the flowering stem. It grows in grassland on heavy basalt soil.

Northern Tablelands
The Northern Tablelands, also known as the New England Tableland, is a plateau and a region of the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales, Australia. It includes the New England Range, the narrow highlands area of the New England region, stretching from the Moonbi Range in the south to the Queensland border in the north. The region corresponds generally to the Bureau of Meteorology forecast area for the Northern Tablelands which in this case includes Inverell although it is significantly lower in elevation.
Nantyglo
Nantyglo (from Welsh  Nant-y-glo 'brook of coal') is a village in the ancient parish of Aberystruth and county of Monmouth situated deep within the South Wales Valleys between Blaina and Brynmawr in the county borough of Blaenau Gwent.

Blaina
Blaina (/ˈblaɪnə/ BLEYE-nə Welsh: Blaenau Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbleɨnaɨ]) is a town, situated deep within the South Wales Valleys between Brynmawr and Abertillery in the County Borough of Blaenau Gwent, ancient parish of Aberystruth, preserved county of Gwent and historic county of Monmouthshire. The place name is derived from the Welsh word blaenau "uplands". As of 2011, the town has a population of 4,808.
Toni Antonucci
Toni Claudette Antonucci (born September 9, 1948) is an American psychologist, currently the Elizabeth R. Douvan Collegiate Professor at University of Michigan and formerly president of Gerontological Society of America Her husband was James S. Jackson.

Antonucci studies social relations at all stages throughout the life span. (infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age), including multigenerational studies of the family and comparative studies of social relations across the life span in the United States, Europe and Japan. She strongly criticizes the practice of mandatory retirement found in many countries, regarding it as ageism and discriminatory.

Mandatory retirement
Mandatory retirement, also known as forced retirement, enforced retirement or compulsory retirement, is the set age at which people who hold certain jobs or offices are required by industry custom or by law to leave their employment, or retire.

As of 2017, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), only three European member states (UK, Denmark and Poland) and four OECD countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States) had laws banning mandatory retirement.
Greig (name)
Greig is a surname and given name. The surname is of Scottish origin and is derived from a shortened form of the personal name Gregory and Greg. As a given name, Greig is of English and Scottish origin. This name is a short form of the names Gregory or Gregor. In some cases it is derived from the surname of the same spelling. A variant form of the given name is Gregg.

Samuel Greig
Samuel Greig, also known as Samuil Karlovich Greig (Russian: Самуил Карлович Грейг; 30 November 1735 – 26 October 1788), was a British-born Russian naval officer who served in the Seven Years' War, Russo-Turkish War and Russo-Swedish War. His son Aleksey Greig also served in the Imperial Russian Navy.
Carpathian Peak
Carpathian Peak is a prominent 6,000+ ft (1,830+ m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Whittier, Alaska, at the isthmus of the Kenai Peninsula, where the Kenai Mountains meet the Chugach Mountains. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the eastern aspect of the mountain rises from sea level at Blackstone Bay in Prince William Sound. The peak's nearest higher peak is Isthmus Peak, 8 mi (13 km) to the south, and nearby Bard Peak lies 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1959 by the United States Geological Survey. The 1959 first ascent party of Keith Hart, Ted Barrett, and Mat Nitsch suggested the name as a tribute to the Carpathian Mountains back in Mat's homeland which at the time was behind the Iron Curtain, with the intention to create a symbol of freedom.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Patrice O'Neal
Patrice Lumumba Malcolm O'Neal (December 7, 1969 – November 29, 2011) was an American comedian and actor. He was known for his stand-up comedy career and his regular guest appearances on the talk show Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn and the radio show Opie and Anthony.

O'Neal began performing stand-up in 1992 and developed an act based on conversations with the audience, deconstructive analysis, and occasionally confrontational points of view. From 2006 to 2008, he presented The Black Phillip Show on XM Satellite Radio. His only stand-up comedy special, Elephant in the Room (2011), was released nine months before his death at the age of 41 from a stroke caused by type 2 diabetes. A posthumous follow-up, Mr. P (2012), was released as audio only.

Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus Comedy Tour
Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus was a stand-up comedy tour hosted by American radio personalities Gregg "Opie" Hughes and Anthony Cumia that featured a roster of comedians from their radio show, Opie and Anthony. There were three editions of the tour between 2006 and 2008; the first consisted of 4 dates, the second had 8 dates, and the third consisted of a single show.
Ariyana Gostar Kish F.C.
Ariyana Gostar Kish Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Kish, Iran.

The club was established in 2009.  They competed in the 2009–10 Iran Football's 3rd Division. They reached the Second Round, where they were placed in the 2nd/Group C, and finally they were promoted for the 2010–11 Iran Football's 2nd Division.

They competed in the 2010–11 Iran Football's 2nd Division. In 2011, the license of the club in 2nd Division League was bought by Badr Hormozgan.

Kish Island
Kish (Persian: کیش listenⓘ) is a 91.5-square-kilometre (35.3 mi2) resort island in Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, off the southern coast of Iran in the Persian Gulf. The island constitutes the city of Kish. Owing to its free trade zone status, the island is marketed as a consumers' paradise, offering shopping centers, tourist attractions, and resort hotels. It has an estimated population of around 55,205 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.