hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bertha Dudde
Bertha Dudde (1 April 1891, Liegnitz, Silesia, today Legnica – 18 September 1965, Leverkusen) was a German dressmaker who, by her own account, received "revelations through her inner voice" and wrote them down. The resulting work of over 9,000 consecutively numbered, dated, handwritten individual revelations on various topics was compiled into collections of writings and translated into other languages.

Leverkusen
Leverkusen (German: [ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne, and to the north the state capital, Düsseldorf. The city is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas.

With about 163,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its sports club Bayer Leverkusen.
Kustas Tonkmann
Kustas Tonkmann (1 July 1882 Vaikna Parish (now Lääne-Nigula Parish), Wiek County – 13 August 1942 Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the II, III, IV and V Riigikogu.

4th Riigikogu
The 4th Riigikogu was the fourth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1929 elections (held on 11–13 May 1929). It sat between 15 June 1929 and 14 June 1932, before the next round of elections were held.
2025 ATX Open
The 2025 ATX Open was a tournament for female professional tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the event, a WTA 250 tournament on the 2025 WTA Tour. The event took place at The Westwood Country Club in Austin, United States, from 24 February through 2 March 2025.

Viktorija Golubic
Viktorija Golubic (Serbian: Викторија Голубић, romanized: Viktorija Golubić; pronounced [ʋǐktoːrija ɡolǔbitɕ]; born 16 October 1992) is a Swiss professional tennis player. On 28 February 2022, she reached her career-high singles WTA ranking of No. 35. On 17 April 2023, she peaked at No. 61 in the doubles rankings. She is the current No. 2 Swiss player.

Golubic has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour, four singles WTA Challenger titles, as well as 12 singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit so far.
Macrofossil
Macrofossils, also known as megafossils, are the preserved remnants of organic beings and their activities that are large enough to be visible without a microscope. Microfossils, by contrast, require substantial magnification for evaluation by fossil-hunters or professional paleontologists. As a result, most fossils observed in the field and most specimens are macrofossils. Macrofossils come in many varieties and form in various ways depending on their environment and what is being fossilized including plant, fungi and animal remnants.

Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures.

Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories. Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.
Guðjohnsen
Guðjohnsen is an Icelandic family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnór Guðjohnsen (born 1961), Icelandic footballer
Eiður Guðjohnsen (born 1978), Icelandic footballer and coach, son of Arnór
Sveinn Aron Guðjohnsen (born 1998), Icelandic footballer, son of Eiður
Andri Guðjohnsen (born 2002), Icelandic footballer, son of Eiður
Daníel Guðjohnsen (born 2006), Icelandic footballer, son of Eiður

Viðar Guðjohnsen (born 1958), Icelandic judoka

Andri Guðjohnsen
Andri Lucas Guðjohnsen (Icelandic pronunciation: [antri kvuðjɔnsɛn]) (born 29 January 2002) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a centre forward for EFL Championship side Blackburn Rovers. Born in England, he plays for the Iceland national team.
Shelly Battery
Shelly Battery was a coastal battery located at Shelly Head, Manly, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The battery was constructed in 1942 during the Second World War and consisted of 1 x QF 12 pounder gun and a command post.

Shelly Beach (Manly)
Shelly Beach (also known as Shelley Beach) is a beach located in Manly, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is adjacent to North Head and Fairy Bower. Shelly Beach is a western facing beach on the eastern coast of Australia.

Shelly Beach is part of the no take Cabbage Tree Bay Aquatic Reserve.
Foxcroft School
Foxcroft School, founded in 1914 by Charlotte Haxall Noland, is a college-preparatory boarding and day school for girls in grades 9-12 & PG, located near Middleburg, Virginia, United States.

In its century of existence, Foxcroft has educated the daughters of corporate titans and congressmen, including women from the Rockefeller, Carnegie, Roosevelt, Mellon, du Pont, Auchincloss and Astor families. It is accredited by the Virginia Association of Independent Schools and the National Association of Independent Schools, and is a founding member of the International Coalition of Girls' Schools.

Foxcroft’s mission is "to help every girl explore her unique voice and to develop the skills, confidence, and courage to share it with the world".

Roosevelt family
The Roosevelt family is an American political family and dynasty from New York whose members have included two United States presidents, a first lady, and various merchants, bankers, politicians, inventors, clergymen, artists, and socialites. The progeny of a mid-17th-century Dutch immigrant to New Amsterdam, many Roosevelts became nationally prominent in New York State and City politics and business and intermarried with prominent colonial families. Two distantly related branches of the family from Oyster Bay and Hyde Park, New York, rose to global political prominence with the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) and his fifth cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945), whose wife, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, was Theodore's niece. The Roosevelt family is one of four families to have produced two presidents of the United States by the same surname; the others were the Adams, Bush, and Harrison families.
María Fernanda Campo Saavedra
María Fernanda Campo Saavedra is the former minister of education of Colombia until August 2014. In 2011 she was appointed Acting Mayor of Bogotá by President Juan Manuel Santos in replacement of Samuel Moreno Rojas, who was stripped of his office following an investigation into the appropriation of city contracts. An industrial engineer, before her nomination she was the President of the Bogotá Chamber of Commerce from 2000 to 2010, the first woman to hold that position, and has also served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1998 and 1999.

Ministry of National Education (Colombia)
The Ministry of National Education (Spanish: Ministerio de Educación Nacional) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for overseeing the instruction and education of the Colombian people, similar to education ministries in other countries.
Friedrich Ritter von Friedländer-Malheim
Friedrich Friedländer, later Friedrich Ritter von Friedländer-Malheim (Mahlheim) (January 10, 1825 – June 13, 1901), was a Bohemian-Austrian painter.

Friedländer was born in Kohljanowitz/Uhlířské Janovice, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, and visited Italy in 1850, Düsseldorf in 1852, and finally Paris. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

He devoted himself at first to historical pictures, creating a genuine sensation with his painting entitled "The Death of Tasso". After 1854 he painted genre pictures exclusively, taking his subjects chiefly from military life and the local life of Vienna. His scenes from Swabian folk-life are well known. He died in Vienna.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Christopher Magee (fighter pilot)
Christopher Lyman Magee (June 12, 1917 – December 27, 1995) was a United States Marine Corps aviator who became a fighter ace in World War II and was one of the more colorful members of the famous "Black Sheep" squadron, VMF-214. Known as a fearless and aggressive pilot he was credited with nine victories during the war. For his heroic actions in September and October 1943 during the Solomon Islands campaign he was awarded the Navy Cross. After the war, he dabbled in bootlegging, went to Israel and flew with the Haganah during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and later served 81⁄2 years in federal prison for bank robberies in the Chicago area. Upon his return from prison, he lived quietly on the North Side of Chicago working as a columnist and reporter for a community newspaper. He died of surgical complications while having stomach cancer tumors removed on December 27, 1995.

Rum-running
Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land.

Smuggling circumvents alcohol taxes and outright prohibition of alcohol sales.
Macedonian phalanx
The Macedonian phalanx (Greek: Μακεδονική φάλαγξ) was an infantry formation developed by Philip II from the classical Greek hoplite phalanx, of which the main innovation was the use of the sarissa, a 6-metre pike. It was famously commanded by him during the rise of Macedon between 359 and 336 BC, and by his son Alexander the Great during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire and campaigns between 336 and 323 BC.

The Macedonian phalanx model then spread throughout the Hellenistic world, where it became the standard battle formation for pitched battles. During the Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC), Roman-Seleucid War (191–188 BC) and Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) against the Roman Republic, the Hellenistic phalanx, both the Antigonid phalanx and the Seleucid phalanx, appeared less adaptable to changing conditions on the battlefield  against the more flexible Roman legions.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Crackers International
Crackers International is a Christmas EP released by English synth-pop duo Erasure in November 1988, in between the albums The Innocents (1988) and Wild! (1989). The EP reached number-one in Denmark and Argentina, and peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Mute Records
Mute Records is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Einstürzende Neubauten, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Arca, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Laibach, Nitzer Ebb, Yann Tiersen, Wire, Yeasayer, Fever Ray, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.
Sivatherium
Sivatherium ("Shiva's beast", from Shiva and therium, Latinized form of Ancient Greek θηρίον - thēríon) is an extinct genus of giraffid that ranged throughout Africa and Eurasia. The species Sivatherium giganteum is, by weight, one of the largest giraffids known, and also one of the largest ruminants of all time. Sivatherium originated during the Late Miocene (around 7 million years ago) in Africa and survived through to the late Early Pleistocene (Calabrian) until around 1 million years ago.

Calabrian stage
Calabrian is a subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch of the geologic time scale, defined as 1.8 Ma—774,000 years ago ± 5,000 years, a period of ~1.026 million years.

The end of the stage is defined by the last magnetic pole reversal (781 ± 5 Ka) and plunge into an ice age and global drying possibly colder and drier than the late Miocene (Messinian) through early Pliocene (Zanclean) cold period. Originally the Calabrian was a European faunal stage primarily based on mollusk fossils.  It has become the second geologic age in the Early Pleistocene.
Kakeru Narita
Kakeru Narita (成田 翔, Narita Kakeru; born February 3, 1998) is a Japanese baseball pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball.

Narita attended Akita Commerce and Business High School, and first represented Japan in international competition during the 2015 U-18 Baseball World Cup. After the tournament, Narita was selected by the Chiba Lotte Marines in the 2015 Nippon Professional Baseball draft as the team's third pick.

He pitched in the Eastern League for the Marines affiliate team during the 2016 season, and made his Nippon Professional Baseball debut the next year, splitting the 2017 season between NPB and the Eastern League. From 2017 to 2021, with the exception of the 2019 season, Narita has spent time in the Eastern League as well as with the Marines at the NPB level. In 2018, Narita played in the U-23 Baseball World Cup and MLB Japan All-Star Series for Japan.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
Willem Mahue
Willem, or Guillaume Mahue (1517 in Brussels – 1569 in Brussels), a Flemish painter, was a portrait painter of great repute in his time; but his pictures are rare, and we have no particulars of his life.

Cornelis de Bie mentioned him in his Het Gulden Cabinet in 1668 as a prolific painter in his day, but no known works survive.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Srirastu Subhamastu
Srirastu Subhamastu is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by Parasuram and produced by Allu Aravind for Geetha Arts banner. The film features Allu Sirish and Lavanya Tripathi in the lead roles alongside Prakash Raj, Rao Ramesh, Tanikella Bharani, Subbaraju, Sumalatha, and Ali in the supporting roles, while Hamsa Nandini appears in an item song. The film opened to mixed to positive reviews. The core plot of this movie was heavily inspired by the 2014 Kannada movie Bahaddur.

Geetha Arts
Geetha Arts is an Indian film production and distribution company known for its works in Telugu cinema. It is one of the largest and most successful production houses in South Indian cinema. It was established in 1972 by Allu Aravind. It has produced around 60 films majority of them in Telugu in addition to a few films in Hindi, Tamil, and Kannada languages.

Geetha Arts marked its beginning through the 1974 Telugu film Bantrothu Bharya. The company has produced films featuring actors such as Chiranjeevi, Rajinikanth, Aamir Khan, Pawan Kalyan, Ram Charan, Allu Arjun, Ganesh, Nani, Ravichandran, Govinda and Kartik Aaryan. It has also expanded its presence into film distribution, exhibition and digital content.
Tshechu
A tshechu (Dzongkha: ཚེས་བཅུ།, literally "tenth day") is any of the annual religious Bhutanese festivals held in each district or dzongkhag of Bhutan on the tenth day of a month of the lunar Tibetan calendar. The month depends on the place. Tshechus are religious festivals of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Tshechus are large social gatherings, which perform the function of social bonding among people of remote and spread-out villages. Large markets also congregate at the fair locations, leading to brisk commerce. The Thimphu tshechu and the Paro tshechu are among the biggest of the tshechus in terms of participation and audience.  They are related to traditions in other branches of Himalayan Buddhism, many of which have been banned in Tibet.

Drukpa Kagyu
The Drukpa or Drukpa Kagyu (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད) lineage, sometimes called Dugpa in older sources, is a branch of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Kagyu school is one of the Sarma or "New Translation" schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The Drukpa lineage was founded in the Tsang region of Tibet by Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211), and later became influential in Ladakh and Bhutan. It is one of several lineages known as "Red Hat sects".

Within the Drukpa lineage, there are further sub-schools, most notably the eastern Kham tradition and middle Drukpa school which prospered in Ladakh and surrounding areas. In Bhutan the Drukpa lineage is the dominant school and state religion.
Huayllayoc
Huayllayoc (possibly from Quechua waylla meadow, -yuq a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a meadow") is a mountain in the Chila in the Andes of Peru, about 5,300 metres (17,388 ft) high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Chachas District. Huayllayoc lies at the river Cacamayo (possibly from Quechua for "rock river") which later is named Collpamayo (possibly from Quechua for "salpeter river"). Its waters flow to the Colca River.

Colca River
Colca River (possibly from Quechua qullqa deposit) which downstream is called Majes and Camaná is a Peruvian river in the Arequipa Region that flows deep in the rugged Andes of southern Peru. It originates south-east of the village Janq'u Lakaya (Ancolaccaya) in the Callalli District of the Caylloma Province. On its way from Chivay to Cabanaconde it flows through one of the deepest canyons of the world known as the Colca Canyon. Near the town of Camaná the river empties into the Pacific Ocean.
Rosoxacin
Rosoxacin (also known as acrosoxacin, tradename Eradacil) is a quinolone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections and certain sexually transmitted diseases. Rosoxacin is not available in the United States.

It was developed in 1978 by George Lesher and his colleagues at Winthrop-Stearns (now part of sanofi-aventis), as an extension of the work that originally led to nalidixic acid.

It is classified as a first generation quinolone.

Sterling Drug
Sterling Drug was an American based global pharmaceutical company. It was also known as Sterling Winthrop, Inc., after the merger with Winthrop-Stearns Inc. which itself resulted from the merger of Winthrop Chemical Company Inc. and  Frederick Stearns & Company. It was formerly known as Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals.

Primary product lines included diagnostic imaging agents, hormonal products, cardiovascular products, analgesics, antihistamines and muscle relaxants.

Chemical compounds produced by this company were often known by their manufacturing code which consisted of the abbreviation WIN (for Winthrop) followed by a number. For example, WIN 18,320 was nalidixic acid, the first quinolone antibiotic.
Sigurður Gunnarsson
Sigurður Gunnarsson (born 11 September 1959) is an Icelandic former handball player who competed in the 1984 and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Gunnarsson was also a prolific Soccer player and featured in the Icelandic youth national teams before committing to the handball.

Handball at the Summer Olympics
Handball at the Summer Olympics refers to two different sports. Field handball was introduced for men at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but dropped after that. At the 1952 Olympics, field handball was a demonstration sport. (Indoor) handball was introduced for men at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Women's handball competition was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Daviesia cunderdin
Daviesia cunderdin, commonly known as Cunderdin daviesia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a compact, densely-branched shrub with scattered, elliptic to egg-shaped phyllodes, and uniformly red flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Nicole Lamb-Hale
Nicole Yvette Lamb-Hale formerly served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 11, 2010. Prior to being confirmed as Assistant Secretary, she served as Deputy General Counsel of the United States Commerce Department. Currently, she is vice president, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary for Cummins.

Cummins
Cummins Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and distributes diesel engines, electric vehicle components, and power generation products. Cummins also services engines and related equipment, including fuel systems, air handling systems controls, filtration, emission control, electrical power generation systems, and engine control units.

Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana, Cummins sells in approximately 190 countries and territories through a network of more than 600 company-owned and independent distributors and approximately 7,200 dealers.