hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Osborne (politician)
James Osborne (24 September 1845 – 11 April 1877) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Marshall Mount near Wollongong to Henry Osborne and Sarah Marshall. He advocated for pastoralism on the Murrumbidgee River before entering politics. In 1869 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Illawarra, a seat his brother Patrick had already represented from 1864 to 1866. Their father had been a member of New South Wales Legislative Council (1851–1856) and Legislative Assembly (1856–57).

James Osborne retired in 1872, and died in Sydney in 1877.

Electoral district of Illawarra
Illawarra was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was located in the Illawarra area and originally created in 1859, replacing East Camden. It was replaced by Wollongong in 1904 and recreated in 1927. In 1968, it was abolished and partly replaced by Kembla. In 1971, Kembla was abolished and Illawarra was recreated. In 2007, it was abolished and replaced by Shellharbour.
Emily Susan Hartwell
Emily Susan Hartwell (Chinese: 夏咏美; Pinyin: Xià Yǒngměi; Foochow Romanized: Hâ Īng-mī; April 16, 1859 – October 2, 1951) was a Congregational Christian educational missionary and philanthropist in Fuzhou, China under the American Board of Foreign Missions.

Bàng-uâ-cê
Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; Chinese: 平話字) or Fuzhou romanization (福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.
Sahmyook University
Sahmyook University (Korean: 삼육대학교; Hanja: 三育大學校) is a private Christian, coeducational university located in Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Sahmyook University is part of a worldwide network of Seventh-day Adventist institutions of higher education. The school was founded in 1906 as Euimyung College in Sunahn, Pyeongan-namdo in what would become today's North Korea. It is today the largest university owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. As of 2016, the university had 6 colleges, including the College of Theology, Humanities & Social Science and Health Science & Social Welfare in addition to 4 graduate schools.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Charles James Valentine
Charles James Valentine (September 1837 – 1900) was an English ironmaster and a Conservative politician.

Valentine was born at Mossley, Lancashire, the son of  James Valentine, of Stockport and his wife Mary Bradbury. He was educated privately and became an ironmaster in Cumberland. He was managing director of the Moss Bay Hematite Iron and Steel Co., Limited, and Director of Cleator and Workington Junction Railway which was built to serve the iron works. He was lieutenant in the 1st Volunteer Battalion Border Regiment, and a J.P. for Cumberland.

In the 1885 general election, Valentine was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cockermouth but retired and did not contest the 1886 general election.

Valentine married  Anne Kirk of Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire in 1861. They lived at Bank Field House, Workington, Cumberland.

Mossley
Mossley (/ˈmɒzli/) is a town and civil parish in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, in the upper Tame Valley and the foothills of the Pennines, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Oldham and 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Manchester.

The town grew up straddling the three historic counties of Lancashire, Cheshire and Yorkshire. It was placed entirely in Lancashire in 1889, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 11,410 and the parish population was 11,557.
Jennie Garth
Jennifer Eve Garth (born April 3, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for starring as Kelly Taylor throughout the Beverly Hills, 90210 franchise and Val Tyler on the sitcom What I Like About You (2002–06). In 2012, she starred in her own reality show, Jennie Garth: A Little Bit Country on CMT. Her memoir titled Deep Thoughts From a Hollywood Blonde was published by New American Library on April 1, 2014.

CMT (American TV channel)
Country Music Television, often abbreviated to CMT, is an American pay TV network that launched on March 5, 1983. It is currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through the MTV Entertainment Group unit of its networks division. CMT was the first nationally available channel devoted to country music and country music videos, with its programming also including concerts, specials, and biographies of country music stars.

Over time, the network's programming expanded to incorporate original lifestyle and reality programming, and acquired sitcoms. As of December 2023, CMT is available to approximately 56 million pay television households in the United States; down from its 2011 peak of 93 million households. The channel's headquarters are located at the Paramount Pictures lot in Los Angeles, and has additional offices in Nashville, Tennessee.
Ghelli
Ghelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Raimondo Ghelli, 18th-century Italian painter and engraver

Giuliano Ghelli (1944–2014), Italian painter

Roberto Ghelli (born 1942), Italian footballer

Raimondo Ghelli
Raimondo Ghelli (active second half of 18th century) was an Italian engraver and painter of the 18th century, active in making portraits.

He was a pupil of Giuseppe Ratti in Genoa, and helped engrave many of the portraits for the Vite dei pittori genovesi by Raffaele Soprani. He moved to Ferrara to paint the portrait of Cardinal Riminaldi and also made portraits of G. Parini, Giuseppe Mosti, and Antonio and Feliciano Montecatini. He was active in Ferrara after 1750. Some of his portraits are displayed in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Ferrara and the Musei Civici di Arte Antica.
Kollam-Paravur Coastal Road
Kollam-Paravur Coastal Road is one of the important city roads currently under construction in Kollam city in Kerala, India. The 14.1-kilometre-long (8.8 mi) road starts at Chinnakada in the north and ends at Paravur town in the south, via Kollam Beach, Mundakkal Beach, Kakkathoppu, Mukkom, Thanni and Pozhikara. Coastal road is considered one of the important roads in Kollam city as it is passing through the suburbs like Kochupilamoodu, Mundakkal, Valathungal and Vadakkumbhagam. It is also known as Eravipuram-Paravur Coastal road.

Mundakkal
Mundakkal, also spelt Mundackal, is an important residential area and industrial hub situated in the city of Kollam, Kerala, India. The place is considered as the capital of India's cashew processing activities. Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited(KSCDC) and Cashew Export Promotion Council of India(CEPCI) are headquartered at Mundakkal in Kollam city. It is an important tourist place in the city and a part of Downtown Kollam which gained in significance because of the presence of a flourishing beach. During 'Karkidaka Vavubali', thousands of devotees arrive on the beach to perform the Vavubali Tharpanam. Vavubali is an important ritual observed by Hindus in Kerala in the month of Karkidakam. The ritual involves people offering Bali to the departed souls. The ritual is performed by men, women, and children.
Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire
Upper Heyford is a village and civil parish about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,295.

The village is just east of the River Cherwell. "Upper" distinguishes it from Lower Heyford which is about 1 mile (1.6 km) "lower", downstream along the Cherwell valley. The parish measures about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) east–west and almost 2 miles (3 km) north–south. In 1959 it covered 1,628 acres (659 ha).

The parish's western boundary is just west of the river. Chilgrove Drive, a continuation of Aves ditch, forms part of the parish's eastern boundary. Field boundaries bound the parish on the south. In the north the boundary crosses the former RAF Upper Heyford airfield, following the course of former field boundaries.

Institute of Historical Research
The Institute of Historical Research (IHR) is a British educational organisation providing resources and training for historical researchers. It is part of the School of Advanced Study in the University of London and is located at Senate House. The institute was founded in 1921 by A. F. Pollard.
Roland D. Reed
Roland D. Reed (July 7, 1894–July 15, 1972) was an American film editor, producer and director. He worked on many films for the low-budget Chesterfield Pictures and later started Roland Reed Productions, Inc. that shut down in November 1956. In addition to TV series, Reed made industrial and Christian films as well as television commercials that were filmed at Hal Roach Studios.

Hal Roach Studios
Hal Roach Studios was an American motion picture and, through its TV production subsidiary, Hal Roach Television Corporation, television production studio. Known as The Laugh Factory to the World, it was founded by producer Hal Roach and business partners Dan Linthicum and I.H. Nance as the Rolin Film Company on July 23, 1914. The studio lot, at 8822 Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California, United States, was built in 1920, at which time Rolin was renamed to Hal E. Roach Studios. The first series in Hal Roach Studios were the Willie Work comedies, with the first short being Willie Runs the Park.
Johnnie Bryan Hunt
Johnnie Bryan Hunt, Sr. (J. B. Hunt; February 28, 1927 – December 7, 2006) was an American entrepreneur who founded J. B. Hunt Transport Services, the largest publicly owned trucking company based in Lowell, Arkansas.

Lowell, Arkansas
Lowell is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. Located within the Ozarks, the first settlement was along Old Wire Road in the 1840s, and although destroyed during the Civil War, the community was reestablished by J. R. McClure and thrived when the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway came through the area in the 1880s. The city is a growing bedroom community within the rapidly growing Northwest Arkansas region. Lowell is the headquarters of trucking company J.B. Hunt. Lowell's population was 9,839 at the 2020 census, an increase of 34% since 2010.
Whiskey in the Jar (album)
Whiskey In The Jar (sometimes spelt Whisky) is a compilation album by Irish rock band Thin Lizzy, originally released in 1996, covering the early part of the band's career. There are various versions of this album, released by different record companies, with the same track listing but with different covers.

This album should not be confused with the many other Thin Lizzy compilation albums of the same name, with different track listings.

Brian Downey (drummer)
Brian Michael Downey (born 27 January 1951) is an Irish drummer. He was a founding member of the rock band Thin Lizzy and the only other constant in the band aside from leader Phil Lynott until their disbandment in 1983. Downey also co-wrote several Thin Lizzy songs. Allmusic critic Eduardo Rivadavia has argued that Downey is "certainly one of the most underrated [rock drummers] of his generation".
Smiley's People
Smiley's People is a 1979 spy novel by John le Carré. The novel features a British master-spy George Smiley. It is the third and final novel of the "Karla Trilogy", following Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and The Honourable Schoolboy. George Smiley is called out of retirement to investigate the death of one of his old agents: a former Soviet general, the head of an Estonian émigré organisation based in London. Smiley learns the general had discovered information that will lead to a final confrontation with Smiley's nemesis, the Soviet spymaster Karla.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Lockwood de Forest
Lockwood de Forest (June 8, 1850 – April 3, 1932) was an American painter, interior designer and furniture designer. A key figure in the Aesthetic Movement, he introduced the East Indian craft revival to Gilded Age America.

As a young man, de Forest first worked as a painter, taking the lessons of his Hudson River School contemporaries. In 1879, de Forest began his career in the decorative arts working at Associated Artists along with Louis Comfort Tiffany, before starting his own decorating business that he ran for thirty years. Upon his retirement, de Forest moved to Santa Barbara where he returned to his love of painting while still taking design commissions from local patrons.

National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.
Barbara Prey
Barbara Ernst Prey (born 1957) is an American artist who specializes in the art of watercolor. In 2008 Prey was appointed to the National Council on the Arts, the advisory body of the National Endowment for the Arts.  In 2015, MASS MoCA commissioned Barbara Prey to create the world's largest known watercolor painting (8 by 15 feet) for its new Building 6, which opened in Spring 2017. She has worked in oil painting and illustration, the latter of which she contributed to The New Yorker for a decade. She currently works and lives in Long Island, New York, Maine and Williamstown, Massachusetts.

Williamstown, Massachusetts
Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. Located in Berkshire County, the town is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. A college town, it is home to Williams College, the Clark Art Institute and the Tony-awarded Williamstown Theatre Festival.
Sedan (Lagerstätte)
The Sedan  Lagerstätte is a Pliensbachian, early Jurassic fossil Lagerstätte from the Ardennes, eastern France. It provides numerous well-preserved fossils of diverse echinoderms. 
The estimated paleocoordinates of 39°54′N 20°06′E﻿ / ﻿39.9°N 20.1°E﻿ / 39.9; 20.1 are taken from the Paleobiology Database.

Pliensbachian
The Pliensbachian is an age of the geologic timescale and stage in the stratigraphic column. It is part of the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series and spans the time between 192.9 ±0.3 Ma and 184.2 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Pliensbachian is preceded by the Sinemurian and followed by the Toarcian.

The Pliensbachian ended with the extinction event called the Toarcian turnover. During the Pliensbachian, the middle part of the Lias was deposited in Europe. The Pliensbachian is roughly coeval with the Charmouthian regional stage of North America.
Charles Warren Adams
Charles Warren Adams (1833–1903) was an English lawyer, publisher and anti-vivisectionist, now known from documentary evidence to have been the author of The Notting Hill Mystery. This is often taken to be the first full-length detective novel in English.

Vivisection
Vivisection (from Latin  vivus 'alive' and  sectio 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experimentation on live animals by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture.
Gibraltar Arc
The Gibraltar Arc is a geological region corresponding to an arcuate orogen surrounding the Alboran Sea, between the Iberian Peninsula and Africa. It consists of the Betic Cordillera (south Spain), and the Rif (North Morocco). The Gibraltar Arc is located at the western end of the Mediterranean Alpine belt and formed during the Neogene due to convergence of the Eurasian and African plates.

Maximum altitudes of the region are reached at the 3,482 m (11,424 ft) Mulhacén peak at the Cordillera Betica. Precipitation is collected mainly by the Guadalquivir (Betics) and Sebou (Rif) rivers, which have delivered most sedimentary infill of the homonymous sedimentary foreland basins.

Sebou River
The Sebou (Berber: Asif en Sbu, Arabic: سبو) is a river in northern Morocco.  At its source in the Middle Atlas mountains it is known as the Guigou River (Berber: Asif n Gigu). The river is 496 kilometers long and has an average water flow of 137 m3/s, which makes it the largest North African river by volume. It passes near Fes, the second largest city in Morocco, and discharges to the Atlantic Ocean at Mehdya. Sebou is navigable for only 16 km as far as the city of Kenitra, which has the only river port in Morocco. Its most important tributaries are the Ouergha River, Baht River and Inaouen River. The river supports irrigation in Morocco's most fertile region: the Gharb.
2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election
The 2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect all 120 members to North Carolina's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including for the U.S. President, U.S. House of Representatives, Council of State, and state senate. The primary election was held on March 5, 2024. Ahead of the election, districts were redrawn and passed the General Assembly in House Bill 898. Democrats gained one seat, breaking the Republicans' supermajority.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
Y Touring Theatre Company
Y Touring Theatre Company was a national touring theatre company which produced original plays and debates exploring contemporary issues. It was founded in 1989 by Nigel Townsend. The company was based in Kings Cross, London, England and was a former operation of Central YMCA.

In 2014 Y Touring Theatre Company was closed.

The company is now extending the work through digital media.

Wellcome Trust
The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation focused on health research based in London, United Kingdom. It was established in 1936 with legacies from the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome (founder of Burroughs Wellcome, one of the predecessors of GSK plc) to fund research to improve human and animal health. The aim of the Trust is to "support science to solve the urgent health challenges facing everyone." It had a financial endowment of £37.6 billion in 2025, making it the fourth wealthiest charitable foundation in the world. In 2012, the Wellcome Trust was described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research, and one of the largest providers in the world. According to their annual report, the Wellcome Trust spent GBP £1.1 billion on charitable activities across their 2023/2024 financial year. According to the OECD, the Wellcome Trust's financing for 2019 development increased by 22% to US$327 million.
Rai Gr Parlamento
Rai Gr Parlamento is an Italian radio channel devoted to live coverage of proceedings in the Italian Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), the Presidency of the Italian Republic, the European Parliament, and Regional and some Communal Councils. It was launched in 1998 by RAI and the Italian Ministry of Communications.

Transmissions are on FM, DAB, Hot Bird frequencies, and via RealMedia live audio streaming.

When there is no political or info programming, from 21:00 till 07:00 hrs, Rai GR Parlamento delays Rai Radio Tutto Italiana with Italian music.

RealMedia
RealMedia is a proprietary multimedia container format created by RealNetworks with the filename extension .rm. RealMedia is used in conjunction with RealVideo and RealAudio, while also being used for streaming content over the Internet. Typically these streams are in CBR (constant bitrate), but a container for VBR (variable bitrate) streams named RMVB (RealMedia variable bitrate) has been developed.
Cmax (pharmacology)
Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose.  It is a standard measurement in pharmacokinetics.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Ormara
Ormara (Balochi and Urdu: اورماڑا, Urdu pronunciation: [oːɾmɑːɽɑː]), is a town and tehsil in Gwadar District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is a port in the Makran coastal region. It is located 360 kilometres (220 mi) west of Karachi and 230 kilometres (140 mi) east of Gwadar on the Arabian Sea. This port is also mentioned in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as Oraea.

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Koine Greek: Περίπλους τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς Θαλάσσης, romanized: Períplous tē̂s Erythrâs Thalássēs), also known by its Latin name as the Periplus Maris Erythraei, is a Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea and others along the Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, including the modern-day Sindh region of Pakistan and southwestern regions of India.

The text has been ascribed to different dates between the first and third centuries, but a mid-first-century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is a first-hand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient Hellenic world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean.