hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oznice
Oznice is a municipality and village in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Oznice lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Vsetín, 29 km (18 mi) north-east of Zlín, and 262 km (163 mi) east of Prague.

Zlín Region
Zlín Region (Czech: Zlínský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region, it forms a cohesion area of Central Moravia. It is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, where the borders with Slovakia (Trenčín and Žilina Regions) are formed by its eastern edge. It borders the South Moravian Region in the southwest, the Olomouc Region in the northwest, and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the north. Culturally, the region is composed of parts of three traditional Moravian regions: Haná, the Moravian Slovakia, and the Moravian Wallachia, as the city of Zlín lies roughly at their tripoint.
Jujhar Singh
Jujhar Singh
(Punjabi: ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਾ ਜੁਝਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ, pronunciation: [säːɦɪbd͡ʒäːd̪ɛ d͡ʒʒjäːɝ sɪ́ŋgᵊ]; 9 April 1691 – 23 December 1704), the second son of Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar.

Anandpur Sahib
Anandpur Sahib, also referred simply as Anandpur (lit. 'city of bliss'), is a city in Rupnagar district (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Punjab. Located near the Sutlej River, the city is one of the most sacred religious places in Sikhism, being the place where the last two Sikh Gurus, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh, lived. It is also the place where Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth in 1699. The city is home to Takhat Sri Kesgarh Sahib, the third of the five Takhts in Sikhism.

The city is a pilgrimage site in Sikhism. It is the venue of the largest annual Sikh gathering and festivities during the Hola Mohalla in the spring season.
Haltadans
Haltadans, also known as Fairy Ring or Haltadans stone circle, is a stone circle on the island of Fetlar in Shetland, Scotland. This site is a ring of 38 stones, of which 22 are still fixed in the soil, and it is 11 metres (37 ft) in diameter. Inside this is an earthen ring 7.9 metres (26 ft) in diameter, with a 1.5 metres (5 ft) gap in the southwest side. In the center of the rings are two rectangular pillars.

According to Jakob Jakobsen, the name Haltadans means: "lame or limping dance". This is a reference to the legend that the circle of stones was once a circle of dancing trolls and that the two rock pillars in the centre were once a fiddler and his wife. They had fiddled and danced all night long, and, heedless of the time, were still fiddling and dancing when the sun rose and petrified them all.

Petrifaction
In geology, petrifaction or petrification (from Ancient Greek  πέτρα (pétra) 'rock, stone') is the process by which organic material becomes a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals. Petrified wood typifies this process, but all organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates, can become petrified (although harder, more durable matter such as bone, beaks, and shells survive the process better than softer remains such as muscle tissue, feathers, or skin). Petrification takes place through a combination of two similar processes: permineralization and replacement.  These processes create replicas of the original specimen that are similar down to the microscopic level.
Tableless web design
Tableless web design (or tableless web layout) is a web design method that avoids the use of HTML tables for page layout control purposes. Instead of HTML tables, style sheet languages such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to arrange elements and text on a web page.

WYSIWYG
In computing, WYSIWYG (/ˈwɪziwɪɡ/ WIZ-ee-wig; what you see is what you get) is software that allows content to be edited in a form that resembles its appearance when printed or displayed as a finished product, such as a printed document, web page, or slide presentation. WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the user to view something very similar to the result while the document is being created. In general, WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands.
Metre–tonne–second system of units
The metre–tonne–second (MTS) system of units was invented in France (hence the derived unit names sthène and pièze) where it became the legal system between 1919 and 1961. It was adopted by the Soviet Union in 1933 and abolished there in 1955. It was a coherent metric system of units, much as SI (itself a refinement of the MKS system) and the centimetre–gram–second system (CGS), but with larger units for industrial use, whereas the CGS system was regarded as only really suitable for laboratory use.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Serenade (1937 film)
Serenade is a 1937 German drama film directed by Willi Forst and starring Hilde Krahl, Albert Matterstock and Igo Sym. The film was based on a novel by Theodor Storm, which was adapted again in 1958 as I'll Carry You in My Arms by Veit Harlan.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Kurt Herlth and Werner Schlichting.

Veit Harlan
Veit Harlan (22 September 1899 – 13 April 1964) was a German film director and actor. Harlan reached the high point of his career as a director in the Nazi era; most notably his antisemitic film Jud Süß (1940) makes him controversial. While viewed critically for his ideologies, a number of critics consider him a capable director on the grounds of such work as Opfergang (1944).
Internal history
Internal history of a language refers to the historical development of its linguistic forms (phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon) and semantics.  It is contrasted with "external history", which refers to the social and geopolitical history of the language.

The history of any language can be divided into external and internal history. The former aspect concerns the political and social developments in the community speaking the language while the latter involves the changes which take place over time within the language itself.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Stampede, Texas
Stampede is an unincorporated community in Bell County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 10 in 2000. It is located within the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan area.

Killeen–Temple metropolitan area
Killeen–Temple is a metropolitan statistical area in Central Texas that covers three counties: Bell, Coryell, and part of Lampasas. As of the 2023 census estimates, the MSA had a population of 501,333.

Similar to how the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area of North Texas is often called the Metroplex, locals sometimes refer to this area as the Centroplex.
Kauko Hjerppe
Kauko Kustaa Hjerppe (19 May 1926 – 20 June 1996) was a Finnish politician, born in Savitaipale. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1972 and from 1975 to 1978, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Hjerppe was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). He served as minister of transport from 30 November 1975 to 29 September 1976. He was the governor of Kuopio Province from 1978 to 1993. He was a presidential elector in the 1968 and 1978 presidential elections.

Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Swedish: Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.

The SKP was banned by the state from its founding and did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920s, the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both of them were also banned. In 1944, a new front, the Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.
New British Sculpture
New British Sculpture is the name given to the work of a group of artists, sculptors and installation artists who began to exhibit together in London, England, in the early 1980s, including Tony Cragg, Richard Deacon, Shirazeh Houshiary, and Richard Wentworth.

Tim Woods has characterized the movement by identifying four major themes, "(a) a synthesis of pop and kitsch, (b) a bricolage (assemblage) of the decaying UK urban environment and the waste of consumer society, (c) an exploration of the way in which objects are assigned meanings, and (d) a play of colour, wit and humour." An early champion was art dealer Nicholas Logsdail who exhibited many of the artists at his Lisson Gallery.

Nicholas Logsdail
Christopher Nicholas Roald Logsdail OBE (born June 1945) is the founder and co-owner of Lisson Gallery, one of the longest-running international contemporary art galleries in the world.

The gallery has locations on Bell Street and Lisson Grove in west London, two locations on West 24th Street in New York City, and locations on N. Sycamore Avenue in Los Angeles, Huqiu Road in Shanghai, and Jinhang East Road in Beijing.

Lisson Gallery was founded by Logsdail in 1967, and he was joined shortly after by Fiona McLean (d. 2011).

Today, Nicholas’ son Alex Logsdail is CEO and co-owner of Lisson Gallery, and another son, Max, is special projects coordinator.
Elisa Camiscioli
Elisa Camiscioli is an American historian specialized in immigration to and from France, sex trafficking, and race and sexual politics in modern France and its empire. She is professor of history at Binghamton University. She authored Reproducing the French Race: Immigration, Intimacy, and Embodiment in the Early Twentieth Century. Duke University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8223-4565-7. Selling French Sex: Prostitution, Trafficking, and Global Migrations was published by Cambridge University Press in 2024. ISBN 978-1-009-41840-9. Camiscioli was co-editor of the Journal of Women's History from 2015 to 2020.

Camiscioli completed a B.A., cum laude, at University of Pennsylvania in 1989. She took undergraduate courses in history at Paris Diderot University from 1987 to 1988. Camiscioli earned a M.A. (1991) and Ph.D. (2000) from the University of Chicago.

Binghamton University
The State University of New York at Binghamton (also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton) is a public research university in Greater Binghamton, New York, United States. It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

Since its establishment in 1946, the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university. It is classified among R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity. Binghamton's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference.
Waldbühne
The Waldbühne (Woodland Stage or Forest Stage) is an amphitheatre at Olympiapark Berlin in Berlin, Germany. It was designed by German architect Werner March in emulation of a Greek theatre and built between 1934 and 1936 as the Dietrich-Eckart-Freilichtbühne (Dietrich Eckart Open Air Theater), a Nazi Thingplatz, and opened in association with the 1936 Summer Olympics. Since World War II it has been used for a variety of events, including boxing matches, film showings and classical and rock concerts. It seats more than 22,000 people. The venue is located off Friedrich-Friesen-Allee just northeast of Glockenturmstraße.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
2011–12 Supersport Series
The 2011–12 Supersport Series was a first-class cricket competition held in South Africa from 29 September 2011 to 12 February 2012. Titans won their fourth title (including one shared), after defeating Dolphins in the final round of matches. The victory margin in that match of an innings and 325 runs was a record in First-class cricket in South Africa.

Dolphins (South African cricket team)
The Dolphins (known as the Hollywoodbets Dolphins for sponsorship reasons) are a cricket team representing the KwaZulu-Natal (Coastal) province in South Africa. They take part in the CSA 4-Day Series first-class competition, the CSA One-Day Cup and the CSA T20 Challenge. The team's home venue is Hollywoodbets Kingsmead Cricket Ground, Durban.
Jeramy Dodds
Jeramy Dodds (born 4 December 1974 in Ajax, Ontario) is a Canadian poet.

Born in Ajax, Ontario, Dodds grew up in Orono, Ontario. He studied English literature and anthropology at Trent University, medieval Icelandic studies at The University of Iceland, and has worked as a research archaeologist in Canada. He was a poetry editor at Coach House Books until January 2018.

He received the 2006 Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award and won the 2007 CBC Literary Prize for Poetry. His debut poetry collection, Crabwise to the Hounds (Coach House Books, 2008), received the 2009 Trillium Book Award for Poetry, and was shortlisted for both the 2009 Gerald Lampert Award and the 2009 Griffin Poetry Prize.

Griffin Poetry Prize
The Griffin Poetry Prize is a Canadian poetry award. It was founded in 2000 by businessman and philanthropist Scott Griffin.

Before 2022, two separate awards went to one Canadian and one international poet who writes in the English language. In 2022, the two awards were consolidated into a single international prize of CAD$130,000. Shortlisted poets are awarded CAD$10,000, and a Lifetime Recognition Award comes with an award of CAD$25,000.

Concurrently with the merger, the Griffin Poetry Prize also introduced a juried Canadian First Book Prize to honor the year's best debut book by a Canadian poet.
Intégrales
ntégrales is a work for eleven wind and brass instruments and four percussionists by Edgard Varèse, written in 1923 and published in New York in 1925. It was first performed on 1 March 1925, at the Aeolian Hall, New York City, at a concert organised by the International Composers' Guild (ICG) conducted by Leopold Stokowski. It was also the last piece played at the final concert ICG on 17 April 1927, also at the Aeolian Hall. This was contrary to the ICG policy of only performing a work once, a policy of which Varèse himself was the foremost proponent.

International Composers' Guild
The International Composers' Guild was an organization created in 1921 by Edgard Varèse and Carlos Salzedo. It was responsible for performances and premieres of works by Béla Bartók, Alban Berg, Erik Satie, Carlos Chávez, Henry Cowell, Charles Ives, Maurice Ravel, Wallingford Riegger, Francis Poulenc, and Anton von Webern, and others.
Fluid theory of electricity
Fluid theories of electricity are outdated theories that postulated one or more electrical fluids which were thought to be responsible for many electrical phenomena in the history of electromagnetism. The "two-fluid" theory of electricity, created by Charles François de Cisternay du Fay, postulated that electricity was the interaction between two electrical 'fluids.' An alternate simpler theory was proposed by Benjamin Franklin, called the unitary, or one-fluid, theory of electricity. This theory claimed that electricity was really one fluid, which could be present in excess, or absent from a body, thus explaining its electrical charge. Franklin's theory explained how charges could be dispelled (such as those in Leyden jars) and how they could be passed through a chain of people. The fluid theories of electricity eventually became updated to include the effects of magnetism, and electrons (upon their discovery).

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
UTVA Aero 3
The UTVA Aero 3 was a piston-engined military trainer aircraft built in Yugoslavia to replace the Ikarus Aero 2 then in service. One hundred ten were built, in Yugoslav Air Force service from 1958 to mid-1970s. It was superseded by the UTVA 75.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Frances Walker (artist)
Frances Walker CBE RSA RSW (born 19 August 1930) is a Scottish painter, printmaker and retired lecturer.

Born in Kirkcaldy, she has lived in Aberdeen for more than 60 years. After teaching art in the Hebrides, Walker accepted a lecturer position in Drawing and Painting at Gray's School of Art, Aberdeen,  where she also contributed to the foundation of Peacock Visual Arts print studio.

Walker's work takes inspiration from nature of the Western Isles and Antarctica, where she visited upon receiving the James McBey Travel Award from Aberdeen Art Gallery in 2007. Her technique includes screenprinting, lithography, monoprinting, etching, and collagraphy.

Collagraphy
Collagraphy (sometimes spelled collography) is a printmaking process in which materials are glued or sealed to a rigid substrate (such as paperboard or wood) to create a plate. Once inked, the plate becomes a tool for imprinting the design onto paper or another medium. The resulting print is termed a collagraph.

The term "collagraph" was coined by Glen Alps in the 1950s, and is derived from the Greek word koll or kolla, meaning glue, and graph, meaning the activity of drawing.

Artists use a variety of materials in collagraphy, including yarn, fabric, tape, different varieties of cut paper or card, leaves, feathers, and acrylic mediums. The application of ink onto the collagraph plate is versatile, consisting of intaglio-inking into recesses, brayer or paintbrush inking onto relief surfaces, or a combination of these methods. A print can be made with, or without use of a press.
Gene Ceppetelli
Eugene C. Ceppetelli (July 28, 1942 – June 14, 2018) was an American football center in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and the New York Giants. He also played seven seasons in the Canadian Football League for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Montreal Alouettes. He played college football at Villanova University.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Kafr Musa, Idlib
Kafr Musa, Idlib (Arabic: كفر موسى)  is a Syrian village located in Kafr Nabl Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Musa, Idlib had a population of 830 in the 2004 census.

Maarat al-Numan District
Maarat al-Numan District (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة مَعَرَّةُ نُعْمَانِ, romanized: Manṭiqat Maʿarrat Nuʿmān) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al-Numan. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 371,829.
Sam Kirk
Samantha "Sam" Kirk (born in 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is a biracial, queer, American artist. She formerly worked in the advertising industry for ten years before pursuing an art career. She explores her mixed race, culture, and queer identity through many different art mediums including digital art, murals, and illustrations.

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.