hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armindo Maia
Armindo Maia  is an East Timorese politician and academic, and a member of the Fretilin political party. From June 2020 to July 2023, he was the Minister of Education, Youth and Sport, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.

Previously, between 2001 and 2006, he held the equivalent position in governments led by UN administrator Sérgio Vieira de Mello and Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri, respectively.

Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
The prime minister of Timor-Leste, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Primeiru-Ministru Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

The president of Timor-Leste is the head of state. The president appoints the prime minister, after parliamentary elections and have listened to all parties represented in the National Parliament, who is usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. The prime minister is ex officio a member of the Council of State, chairs the cabinet and oversees the activities of the government.

The current prime minister is Xanana Gusmão, who was sworn in on 1 July 2023; he also served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015.
2002 Italian Open – Women's doubles
Cara Black and Elena Likhovtseva were the defending champions, but lost in semifinals to Conchita Martínez and Patricia Tarabini.

Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez won the title by defeating Conchita Martínez and Patricia Tarabini 6–3, 6–4 in the final. It was the 13th title for Ruano Pascual and the 21st title for Suárez in their respective doubles careers. It was also the 3rd title for the pair during the season, after their wins in Bogotá and Acapulco.

Tatiana Poutchek
Tatiana Poutchek (Belarusian: Таццяна Мікалаеўна Пучак; Russian: Татьяна Николаевна Пучек; born 9 January 1979) is a retired tennis player and current captain of the Belarus Billie Jean King Cup team. Her career-high ranking is No. 55 in the world, achieved on 22 July 2002.

Many of Poutchek's greatest career results came in Tashkent reaching one singles final and seven doubles finals winning five.

In 2002, she made her only WTA Tour singles final there, losing to Marie-Gayanay Mikaelian. In doubles, she won eight titles on the WTA Tour (five in Tashkent, two in Guangzhou, and one in Baku) between 2002 and 2010, and 20 titles on the ITF Women's Circuit between 1997 and 2009.
Implicit divestiture
Implicit divestiture is the ability of the Supreme Court of the United States to solely determine the extent of an Indian Nation's sovereignty, an approach, of recent decades, to federal Indian policy, which is contradictory to U.S. Constitutional protections of Native American sovereignty.

The issue of indigenous sovereignty rights and their protections under federal trust in the United States was asserted in the 19th century, through Supreme Court cases called the Marshall Trilogy of Johnson v. McIntosh, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, and Worcester v. Georgia.  As Indian law writer Andrew Fletcher terms it, the "colonial trilogy" of Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, Montana v. United States, and Nevada v. Hicks undermined tribal sovereignty, through their introduction of "implicit divestiture."  Its application in respect to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is yet to be tested.

Nevada v. Hicks
Nevada v. Hicks, 533 U.S. 353 (2001), is a United States Supreme Court case regarding the jurisdiction of Tribal Courts when state officials are sued by tribal members in tribal court. The Supreme Court unanimously decided that Tribal courts lack jurisdiction to decide tort claims or § 1983 claims related to State law enforcement's process on the reservation, but related to a crime that allegedly occurred off the reservation nor must the parties exhaust their claims in Tribal court before filing in federal court.
Patricia Schillinger
Patricia Schillinger (born 18 January 1963) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haut-Rhin department since 2004. She is the mayor of the French village of Hégenheim, in Alsace.
she was a member of the Socialist Party until 2017, when she moved to La République En Marche!

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Daniel Munch House
Daniel Munch House is a historic home and farm located near Fort Valley, Shenandoah County, Virginia. It was built in 1834, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick I-house dwelling in a vernacular late-Federal style.   It has a 1+1⁄2-story two-room brick rear ell, with a partially exposed basement and a wraparound porch.  Also on the property are the contributing bank barn (c. 1929), frame tool shed, equipment or vehicle shed with attached corn crib, livestock shed, and the Ridenour family cemetery.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Bank barn
A bank barn or banked barn is a style of barn which is accessible from the ground, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could both be accessed from the ground, one area at the top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable.

Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the Dordogne in France, and in Umbria, Italy, among other places.
Medal theft
Medal theft is the theft of awards for military action, civil service, and achievements in science or sports. Medals and similar awards are stolen for resale, private collection or ransom; some are destroyed for gold bullion. While not common in developed nations, reported instances have drawn wide press coverage, considering notability and public exposure of the victims of the crime.

Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom.

When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French rançon from Latin redemptio, 'buying back'; compare "redemption".
Olaf Krohn
Olaf Krohn (4 June 1863 – 18 June 1933) was a Norwegian satirical illustrator, educated as painter.

He is particularly known for his illustrations in the satirical magazine Vikingen.  He published the series Theaterkatten from 1897 to 1929. Among his other publications are Joujou; aarsrevue med vers from 1886, and Oslo-short-stories from 1929. He is represented in the National Gallery.

National Museum of Norway
The National Museum (Norwegian: Nasjonalmuseet, officially the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design) is a museum in Oslo, Norway which holds the Norwegian state's public collection of art, architecture, and design objects. The collection totals over 400,000 works, amongst them the first copy of Edvard Munch's The Scream from 1893. The museum is state-owned and managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture.

The National Museum was established in 2003 by the merging of the Museum of Architecture, the Museum of Industrial Art, the Museum of Decorative Arts and Design, the Museum of Contemporary Art, and the National Gallery of Norway. In 2022, the museum opened its new building at Vestbanehallen at the centre of Oslo, housing the entirety of the collections from these previous museums.

The current director of the museum is Karen Hindsbo.
The Castle (1968 film)
The Castle (German: Das Schloß) is a 1968 West German film directed by Rudolf Noelte and starring Maximilian Schell, Cordula Trantow, Trudik Daniel and Helmut Qualtinger. It is based on the 1926 eponymous novel by Franz Kafka. The film won two German Film Awards. It was chosen as West Germany's official submission to the 44th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination. It was also listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter.

1968 Cannes Film Festival
The 21st Cannes Film Festival took place from 10 to 19 May 1968, when it was officially cancelled due to the ongoing turmoil of May 1968 in France. French writer André Chamson served as jury president for the main competition.

The festival opened with Gone with the Wind (1939) by Victor Fleming.
Metanephrogenic blastema
The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud.

The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.

The system of tissue induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric blastema is a reciprocal control system. GDNF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, is produced by the metanephric blastema and is essential in binding to the RET receptor on the ureteric bud, which bifurcates and coalesces as a result to form the renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. Mutations in the EYA1 gene, whose product regulates GDNF expression in the developing kidney, lead to the renal abnormalities of BOR syndrome (branchio-oto-renal syndrome).

RET proto-oncogene
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of extracellular signalling molecules.
RET loss of function mutations are associated with the development of Hirschsprung's disease, while gain of function mutations are associated with the development of various types of human cancer, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2A and 2B, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia.
Bay Alarm
Bay Alarm is a private American security company based in Concord, CA. Founded by Marjorie and Everett Westphal in 1946, the company is currently owned and operated by their grandson Tim Westphal. Bay Alarm provides commercial security and fire alarm systems, video surveillance, and security guard services across California, Arizona, and Washington.

Bay Alarm Medical, a separate company owned by different members of the Westphal family, provides medical alert systems for seniors.

Fire alarm system
A fire alarm system is a building system designed to detect, alert occupants, and alert emergency forces of the presence of fire, smoke, carbon monoxide, or other fire-related emergencies. Fire alarm systems are required in most commercial buildings. They may include smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual fire alarm activation devices (pull stations). All components of a fire alarm system are connected to a fire alarm control panel. Fire alarm control panels are usually found in an electrical or panel room. Fire alarm systems generally use visual and audio signalization to warn the occupants of the building. Some fire alarm systems may also disable elevators, which are unsafe to use during a fire under most circumstances.
Tengai Makyō
Tengai Makyō, also known as Far East of Eden, is a series of role-playing video games released in Japan and Taiwan. The series was conceived by Oji Hiroi and developed by Red Company, debuting on the PC Engine CD-ROM² System in 1989.

The series became popular in Japan, where it was one of the most popular RPG series during the 16-bit era, along with Enix's Dragon Quest and Squaresoft's Final Fantasy. Its success was partly because the original Tengai Makyō was the first RPG released for the new CD-ROM format, which it utilized to create a bigger game and introduce fully voiced animated cut scenes and CD music to the genre.

The series grew to encompass a number of remakes, gaidens and genre spin-offs across a variety of platforms. Despite selling over 2.2 million copies in Japan, the series is largely unknown in other territories, with only one game released overseas.

Streaming audio in video games
In video games, music can be streamed, where the audio is pre-recorded and played back when required. While early video games were restricted to sequenced music, streaming music has become a more viable option as technology has improved.
Water reducer
Water reducers are special chemical products added to a concrete mixture before it is poured. They are from the same family of products as retarders. The first class of water reducers was the lignosulfonates which has been used since the 1930s. These inexpensive products were derived from wood and paper industry, but are now advantageously replaced by other synthetic sulfonate and polycarboxylate, also known as superplasticizers.

Water reducers offer several advantages in their use, listed below:

reduces the water content by 5-10%

decreases the concrete porosity

increases the concrete strength by up to 25% (as less water is required for the concrete mixture to remain workable)

increases the workability (assuming the amount of free water remains constant)

reduces the water permeability (due to less water being used)

reduces the diffusivity of aggressive agents in the concrete and so improves the durability of concrete

gives a better finish to surfaces (due to all of the above)

Retarder (chemistry)
A retarder is a chemical agent that slows down a chemical reaction. For example, retarders are used to slow the chemical reaction hardening of plastic materials such as wallboard, concrete, and adhesives.

Sugar water acts as a retarder for the curing of concrete. It can be used to retard the chemical hardening of the surface, so that the top layer can be washed off to expose the underlying aggregate.
Summer Holiday (2000 film)
Summer Holiday (夏日的麼麼茶) is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic comedy film directed by Jingle Ma and starring Richie Jen and Sammi Cheng.

The film earned HK$21,336,647 at the Hong Kong box office, becoming the second highest-grossing local film after Needing You... in Hong Kong of 2000. It was nominated in four categories at the 20th Hong Kong Film Awards, including Best cinematography for Chan Kwok-Hung, Best Art Direction for Silver Cheung, Best Original film Score for Peter Kam and Best Original Film Song for Jen, Ah Niu and Michael Wong.

Peter Kam
Peter Kam Pui-Tat (Chinese: 金培達; born August 23, 1961) is a music composer for Hong Kong films including The Warlords, Bodyguards and Assassins, Dragon and Isabella.

Kam is an eight-time winner at the Hong Kong Film Awards.
Nature of America
Nature of America is a series of twelve self-adhesive stamp sheets that the United States Postal Service released annually between 1999 and 2010 starting with the Sonoran Desert sheet and ending with the Hawaiian Rain Forest Sheet. Like the Celebrate the Century stamp series, these were printed on large sheets 9"x8¾" (233mm x 171mm), but differed from the former in that they were self adhesive and not gummed.

Pressure-sensitive adhesive
Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA, self-adhesive, self-stick adhesive) is a type of nonreactive adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied to bond the adhesive with a surface. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive.
It is used in pressure-sensitive tapes, labels, glue dots, stickers, sticky note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.

As the name "pressure-sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.

Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.

PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at low temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures; special adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures.
Charleston seismic zone
The Charleston seismic zone, also known as the Middleton Place/Summerville seismic zone, is a major seismic zone located near the town of Summerville, South Carolina. It is a result of basement faults from the ancient South Georgia rift, which was active during the break up of Pangea (~201 Ma).  The Charleston seismic zone has the potential for large and catastrophic earthquakes. On August 31, 1886, a fault under the town of Summerville, South Carolina ruptured and produced an earthquake that had an estimated magnitude of between 6.8 and 7.8 on the Richter Scale. This was one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded in the eastern United States.

Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiːə/ pan-JEE-ə) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous period approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic. Pangaea was C-shaped, with the bulk of its mass stretching between Earth's northern and southern polar regions and surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed and was the first to be reconstructed by geologists.
Riboud
Riboud (French: [ʁibu]) is a French surname. Notable people surnamed Riboud include:

Marc Riboud (1923–2016), French photojournalist

Franck Riboud (born 1955), French businessman

Barbara Chase-Riboud (born 1939), American artist and poet

Jean Riboud (1919–1985), French businessman

Krishna Riboud (1926–2000), Indian art collector

Philippe Riboud (born 9 April 1957), French fencer

Philippe Riboud
Philippe Riboud (born 9 April 1957) is a French fencer. He won two golds, two silvers and two bronze medals at three Olympic Games. He also competed at the Mediterranean Games in the individual épée event winning gold medal in 1979 and a silver medal in 1975. He was vice-president of the French Fencing Federation after the Olympic Games of 1988.
Agricultural technology
Agricultural technology or agrotechnology (abbreviated agtech, agritech, AgriTech, or agrotech)  is the use of technology in agriculture, horticulture, and aquaculture with the aim of improving yield, efficiency, and profitability. Agricultural technology can be products, services, or applications derived from agriculture that improve various input and output processes.

Advances in agricultural science, agronomy, and agricultural engineering have led to applied developments in agricultural technology.

Agricultural aircraft
An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use – usually aerial application of pesticides (crop dusting) or fertilizer (aerial topdressing); in these roles, they are referred to as "crop dusters" or "top dressers". Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding.

The most common agricultural aircraft are fixed-wing – such as the Air Tractor, Cessna Ag-wagon, Gippsland GA200, Grumman Ag Cat, PZL-106 KRUK, M-18 Dromader, PAC Fletcher, Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave, Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, and Rockwell Thrush Commander – but helicopters are also used.

Generally, agricultural aircraft have piston or turboprop engines. The only known exception is the Polish PZL M-15 Belphegor which has a jet engine.
Brian Farrell (bishop)
Brian Farrell, LC (born 8 February 1944) is an Irish Catholic prelate who spent his career in the Roman Curia beginning in 1981, ending as secretary of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity from 2002 to 2024. He is a member of the Legionaries of Christ.

Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.
Asiavorator
Asiavorator (meaning "Asian devourer") is an extinct genus of civet-like carnivoran belonging in the family Stenoplesictidae. It was endemic to Asia and lived during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs.

The teeth of Asiavorator suggest that it was omnivorous or more precisely, ranged from hypercarnivorous to mesocarnivorous.

Hsanda Gol Formation
The Hsanda Gol Formation is a geological formation located in the Tsagan Nor Basin of central Mongolia that dates to the Rupelian age of the Oligocene epoch. It formed in continental desert-like conditions and is notable for its fossil mammals, first excavated by Roy Chapman Andrews and the American Museum of Natural History in the 1920s. Hsanda Gol is included in the Hsandagolian Asian Land Mammal Age, to which it gives its name.
Growth Engineering
Growth Engineering is a  SAAS learning technologies company. They provide a platform for e-Learning, also known as a learning management system. Established in 2004, Growth Engineering offers a learning portal for companies and their employees, partners and customers. Growth Engineering is compatible with SCORM 1.2, SCORM 2004 and xAPI. In a Technavio report, Growth Engineering were recognised as a vendor in the game-based learning market.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).