hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamish Spencer
Hamish Gordon Spencer FRSNZ is a New Zealand evolutionary biologist, and is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Otago. Spencer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi in 2009, and is a Fellow of the International Science Council. He won the Callaghan Medal in 2016.

Patrick Bateson
Sir Paul Patrick Gordon Bateson, FRS (31 March 1938 – 1 August 2017) was an English biologist with interests in ethology and phenotypic plasticity. Bateson was a professor at the University of Cambridge and served as president of the Zoological Society of London from 2004 to 2014.
Leon Miguel
Noel I. Aparilla (born 17 December, 1968), known professionally as Leon Miguel, is a Filipino actor, model, and engineer. He won Best Actor (Short) at the  Festival Manhattan (IFFM) in 2016 for his performance in the short film Redlights.

Earlier in his career, Miguel portrayed Visel, the primary antagonist in the crime thriller Graceland: A Life for Every Lie (2012), directed by Ron Morales. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival where it was second place in the Audience Choice Award competition, and later won the Audience Award at the Gasparilla Film Festival in Tampa, Florida.

Miguel was recognised for his role in Mang Abe's Ube, directed by Paolo Bitanga, a modern-day folktale about a Filipino ube farmer protecting his magical crop from corporate exploitation. His work includes EJK (Extra-Judicial Killing), a political drama produced by Red Carpet Philippines, which premiered at Greenbelt 1, Cinema 2, Ayala Center, Makati.

Gasparilla International Film Festival
Gasparilla International Film Festival (GIFF, stylized as gịff) is an annual independent film festival that takes place in Tampa Bay, Florida. The festival is run by the Tampa Film Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing film education and supporting filmmakers in the Tampa Bay area. The first Gasparilla Film Festival took place in 2007.
Håkan Lindman
Fred Håkan Ingvar Lindman (born 27 November 1961) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a forward. Starting off his career with GAIS, he went on to represent Karlstad BK, Malmö FF, and RSC Anderlecht during a career that spanned between 1979 and 1990. He represented the Sweden Olympic team at the 1988 Summer Olympics. During the 1989–90 European Cup, Lindman scored the winning goal which saw Malmö FF eliminate Inter Milan from the competition. In 1990, he retired following picking up a serious knee injury.

1989–90 European Cup
The 1989–90 European Cup was the 35th edition of Europe's premier club football tournament, the European Cup. The final was played at the Praterstadion in Vienna on 23 May 1990. The final was contested by Italian defending champions Milan and Portuguese twice former winners Benfica. Milan successfully defended their title with a 1–0 victory, securing their fourth European Cup trophy. Milan remained the last team to successfully defend their trophy until Real Madrid did it again in 2017. Arsenal were denied a place in the competition, as this was the last year of a ban from European competitions for English clubs following the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985.
Lac de Payolle
The Lac de Payolle is an artificial lake in the French Pyrenees. It is located in the communes of Campan and Arreau of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Midi-Pyrénées region. Its western shore is the boundary between the communes of Ancizan and Arreau. It is usually completely frozen in winter.

Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [midi piʁene] ⓘ; Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus [mjɛdˈdʒuɾ piɾeˈnɛws] or Mieidia-Pirenèus [mjejˈði.ɔ piɾeˈnɛws]; Spanish: Mediodía-Pirineos) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Occitania. It was the largest region of Metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.

Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity. It is one of the regions of France created in the late 20th century to serve as a hinterland and zone of influence for its capital, Toulouse, one of a handful of so-called "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). Another example of this is the region of Rhône-Alpes which was created as the region for Lyon.
Elinborg
Elinborg Pálsdóttir (born 4 December 1996), known mononymously as Elinborg, is a Faroese singer-songwriter. Born and raised in the small town of Syðrugøta, she released her first EP album in 2015. Her musical output spans several genres, such as electronic, folk, world, and country.

She's Eivør Pálsdóttir's younger sister.

Syðrugøta
Syðrugøta (Danish: Sydregøte) is a village on the east coast of the Faroese island of Eysturoy in Eystur Municipality.

As of January 2024, it has a population of 506. Its postal code is FO 513.

The famous Faroese singer Eivør Pálsdóttir was born here in 1983. Also Tróndur í Gøtu, the most famous Faroe Islander of the Viking Age in Faroese history, is said to have lived in the village. Many stories and facts back up that claim.

Several excavations have shown that Syðrugøta is one of the oldest settlements in the Faroe Islands. During many excavations up to the latest one in 2006, remains from the first settlements have been found. Many believe that the great Norse chieftain, Tróndur í Gøtu lived and had his chiefdom in Syðrugøtu – among many reasons why, is because of the good view he would have had out to the horizon and the short distance to his fleet, stationed at Undir Gøtueiði.
There are still many unexcavated ruins of centuries-old farmhouses buried in the ground in Syðrugøtu.
Selets
Selets (Ukrainian: Селець, romanized: Selets, Polish: Sielec) is a village about 13.5 kilometers southeast of Sambir within Drohobych Raion of Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to Drohobych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village was founded probably in the 15th century CE.

To the north lies the village and forest of Side (Сіде), to the east Horodyshche (Городище), to the south Mokriany (Мокряни) and to the west Vilshanyk (Вільшаник). Geographically, the area lies in the Dniester river basin, to which the Bystrytsia (Бистриця) and the Cherkhavka (Черхавка) rivers are tributaries.

Together with the villages of Kotovane (Котоване) and Stupnytsia (Ступниця), it administratively forms a local village council.

Bystrytsia (Dniester)
The Bystrytsia (Ukrainian: Бистриця; Polish: Bystrzyca) is a river, a right tributary of the Dniester which flows through Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.

Bystrytsia river is formed by confluence of Bystrytsia Solotvynska and Bystrytsia Nadvirnianska.
1983 Australia Day Honours
The 1983 Australia Day Honours were announced on 26 January 1983 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir Ninian Stephen.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, announced on Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours which are announced on the second Monday in June.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Pedro de Valencia (bishop)
Pedro de Valencia (died 1631) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of La Paz (1617–1631) and Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1615–1617).

De Valencia was born in Lima, Peru. 
On 28 September 1615, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala.
In 1616, he was consecrated bishop by Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero, Archbishop of Lima. 
On 30 July 1617, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of La Paz. 
He served as Bishop of La Paz until his death in 1631.

Archdiocese of Lima
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima (Latin: Archidioecesis Limana) is part of the Catholic Church in Peru which enjoys full communion with the Holy See. The Archdiocese was founded as the Diocese of Lima on 14 May 1541. The diocese was raised to the level of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Paul III on 12 February 1546.  One of its archbishops was the saint Torribio Mogrovejo.

The suffragan dioceses are: Callao, Carabayllo, Chosica, Huacho, Ica, Lurín, and (Territorial Prelature) Yauyos.   From 1999 to 2019 the Archbishop of Lima was Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, made Cardinal in 2001. The Archbishop's Palace of Lima is the headquarters of the archdiocese.
SVOPC
SVOPC (Sinusoidal Voice Over Packet Coder) is a compression method for audio which is used by VoIP applications. It is a lossy speech compression codec designed specifically towards communication channels suffering from packet loss. It uses more bandwidth than best bandwidth-optimised codecs, but it is packet loss resistant instead.

Skype Limited developed a codec called 'SVOPC' for Skype. It was first used in Skype 3.2 beta 53, released on March 28, 2007. Starting with Skype 4.0, SVOPC is replaced by SILK.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Paisin, California
Paisin (also, Pagnines, Pagosines, Pagsin, Paycines, and Paysim) is a former Kalindaruk (Costanoan) settlement in Monterey County, California.

Paisin was near  Monterey Bay, but its precise location is unknown.

Monterey Bay
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is farther north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via CA 1 and US 101.

Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a regional term used to describe the Monterey Bay-adjacent Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito counties. The three counties, along with Monterey Bay-adjacent cities, collaborate in the Association of Monterey Bay Governments (AMBAG) on regional issues and come together for events like the State of the Region hosted by the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership.
Journal of Instrumentation
The Journal of Instrumentation is an online peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is published by IOP Publishing on behalf of the International School for Advanced Studies.

The journal covers concept and instrumentation in topic areas related to, and including detector and accelerator science, including related theory, simulations, modelling, and experimental methods.

Technical report
A technical report (also scientific report) is a document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include recommendations and conclusions of the research. Unlike other scientific literature, such as scientific journals and the proceedings of some academic conferences, technical reports rarely undergo comprehensive independent peer review before publication. They may be considered as grey literature. Where there is a review process, it is often limited to within the originating organization. Similarly, there are no formal publishing procedures for such reports, except where established locally.
Giovanni Tommaso Benedictis da Pascarola
Giovanni Tommaso Benedictis da Pascarola, also Giovanni Benedetti da Pascarola (ca. 1550-1560 – before 1601) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance.

Little is known of Giovanni's life. He was presumably born in Pascarola, a village just north of Naples. In 1589, he published a set of madrigals entitled Primo libro de madrigali for five voices, dedicated to Giovan Thomaso Saracino (who is otherwise unknown). He was considered as a replacement for Giovanni Domenico da Nola as maestro di cappella at SS Annunziata in Naples, but Nola was able to retain his position. In 1601, Scipione Cerreto, in his Della prattica musica, notes that Giovanni was an excellent composer but was no longer alive; no other evidence exists to suggest a date of death.

Califano included a madrigal of Pascarola's in his 1584 book of madrigals. Pascarola's works are distinguished by their use of imitation in fugue-like ways. He set twenty poems by Sannazaro, four of Petrarch, and one of Tansillo.

Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister (/kəˈpɛlmaɪstər/ kə-PEL-my-stər, US also /kɑːˈ-/ kah-, German: [kaˈpɛlˌmaɪstɐ] ⓘ), from Kapelle ('chapel') and Meister ('master'), literally 'master of the chapel choir', is a word of German origin that designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in its meaning and is today used for denoting the leader of a musical ensemble, often smaller ones used for TV, radio, and theatre.
Mika Nurmela
Mika Nurmela (born 26 December 1971) is a Finnish football coach and former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder or winger. He is currently the sporting director of AC Oulu.

After his playing career, he also worked as the sporting director of his hometown club AC Oulu, when they played in Ykkönen in 2010s.

Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.
Ingram Canyon
Ingram Canyon is a valley or canyon where the upper reach of Ingram Creek runs in Stanislaus County, California.

The mouth of Ingram Canyon is located at an elevation of 259 feet (79 meters). The head of Ingram Canyon is located at 37°31′27″N 121°20′31″W﻿ / ﻿37.52417°N 121.34194°W﻿ / 37.52417; -121.34194 at an elevation of 880 feet (270 meters) in the Diablo Range. The upper reach of Ingram Creek runs through Ingram Canyon.

The mouth of Ingram Creek is located at 37°36′52″N 121°12′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.61444°N 121.20667°W﻿ / 37.61444; -121.20667 at an elevation of 46 feet (14 meters) where it has its confluence with a slough of the San Joaquin River.   The source of Ingram Creek is located at the confluence of Grummett Creek and Cedar Spring Gulch at 37°31′27″N 121°20′31″W﻿ / ﻿37.52417°N 121.34194°W﻿ / 37.52417; -121.34194 at an elevation of 880 feet (270 meters).

Stanislaus County, California
Stanislaus County (/ˈstænɪslɔː(s)/ ⓘ STAN-iss-law(ss); Spanish: Condado de Estanislao) is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population  is 564,404. The county seat is Modesto.

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.
Foinaven
Foinaven (Scottish Gaelic: Foinne Bheinn) is a mountain in Scotland, situated in the far northwest corner of the Scottish Highlands. Like many of the monolithic mountains that surround it, the mountain is within the Moine Thrust Belt and is made up of imbricated layers of Cambrian quartzite which overlie the older Lewisian gneiss basement. The quartzite, being tougher, stood firm when all the surrounding rock was eroded away, leaving the huge mountain isolated. Its highest point is named Ganu Mòr. Foinaven's smaller neighbour is Arkle. Foinaven was formerly thought by some to qualify as a Munro, but an accurate survey in 2007 confirmed that it falls 12 feet (3.7 metres) short of the required 3,000 ft (914.4 m).

The mountain inspired the name of the racehorse that won the 1967 Grand National at odds of 100–1.

Lewisian complex
The Lewisian complex or Lewisian gneiss is a suite of Precambrian metamorphic rocks that outcrop in the northwestern part of Scotland, forming part of the Hebridean terrane and the North Atlantic Craton. These rocks are of Archaean and Paleoproterozoic age, ranging from 3.0 to 1.7 billion years (Ga). They form the basement on which the Stoer Group, Wester Ross Supergroup and probably the Loch Ness Supergroup sediments were deposited. The Lewisian consists mainly of granitic gneisses with a minor amount of supracrustal rocks. Rocks of the Lewisian complex were caught up in the Caledonian orogeny, appearing in the hanging walls of many of the thrust faults formed during the late stages of this tectonic event.
Kristo Enn Vaga
Kristo Enn Vaga (born 4 January 1997) is an Estonian racing cyclist and politician representing the Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Eesti Reformierakond). Following the 2023 Estonian parliamentary election, he was elected to the Riigikogu.

Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (Estonian: [ˈriːkiˈkoku], from Estonian riigi-, "of the state", and kogu, "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power.
Catherine Furbish
Catherine 'Kate' Furbish (May 19, 1834 – December 6, 1931) was an American botanist who collected, classified and illustrated the native flora of Maine. She devoted over 60 years of her life, traveling thousands of miles throughout her home state and creating very accurate drawings and watercolor paintings of the plants she found.

She discovered two plants which were named after her: Pedicularis furbishiae (Furbish lousewort) and Aster cordifolius L., var. furbishiae.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Latino-Faliscan languages
The Latino-Faliscan or Latinian languages form a group of the Italic languages within the Indo-European family. They were spoken by the Latino-Faliscan people of Italy who lived there from the early 1st millennium BC.

Latin and Faliscan belong to the group, as well as Lanuvian and Praenestine, which are sometimes considered dialects of Latin.

Dialects of Latin
Throughout Roman history, there was regional variation in the Latin language. In certain regions, terms or morphological features from pre-Roman substrate languages were borrowed into the local dialects. For instance, the dialect of Gaul borrowed terms from their native Gaulish language, which was spoken by the Gauls, a Celtic people. Regional dialects were often perceived as inferior to the prestige "Roman" dialect, which—in the view of some authors—may have constituted a genuine style of speech common to the city of Rome. However, other authors perceived their ideal "Roman dialect" as an artificial, prescribed standard of "correct" speech that did not necessarily reflect the vernacular of any given region.
Lubec–Campobello Border Crossing
The Lubec–Campobello Border Crossing connects the towns of Lubec, Maine and Welshpool, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border.  This crossing is located at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge.  Although a ferry connected Lubec with Campobello Island for many years, permanent border inspection facilities were not deployed until the bridge was completed in 1962.  The US operated out of a mobile home for the first two years.

The crossing is the easternmost on the border between the United States and Canada.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Bridge is an international bridge which connects the community of Lubec, Maine in the United States with Campobello Island in the Canadian province of New Brunswick across the Lubec Narrows. The decked steel beam bridge is named for Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, who maintained a summer retreat on Campobello Island (now preserved as Roosevelt Campobello International Park). A plaque in the middle of the bridge is the easternmost physical marker of the Canada–United States border.

The bridge, connecting New Brunswick Route 774 to Maine State Route 189, is Campobello Island's only fixed connection to the mainland of North America; all of the island's transportation connections to the rest of New Brunswick are by seasonal ferry.
Bald's Leechbook
Bald's Leechbook (also known as Medicinale Anglicum) is a medical text in Old English and Medieval Latin probably compiled in the mid-tenth century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms.

The term Leechbook is not related to leeches as such, although they were used in ancient medicine, but a modernisation of the Old English word lǣċe-bōc ('book of medical prescriptions', literally Old English lǣċe 'physician' + bōc 'book').

The Leechbook's name comes from its owner; a Latin verse colophon at the end of the second book begins Bald habet hunc librum Cild quem conscribere iussit, meaning "Bald owns this book which he ordered Cild to compile."

The text survives in only one manuscript, which is in the British Library in London, England, and can be viewed in digitised form online. The manuscript contains a further medical text, called Leechbook III, which is also covered in this article.

Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon (/ˈkɒləfən, -fɒn/) is a brief statement containing information about the publication of a book such as an "imprint" (the place of publication, the publisher, ISBN and the date of publication).

A colophon may include the device (logo): 69  of a printer or publisher. Colophons are traditionally printed at the ends of books (see History below for the origin of the word), but sometimes the same information appears elsewhere (when it may still be referred to as colophon) and many modern (post-1800) books bear this information on the title page or on the verso of the title leaf, which is sometimes called a biblio page or (when bearing copyright data) the copyright page.