hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monastic examinations
Monastic examinations comprise the annual examination system used in Myanmar (Burma) to rank and qualify members of the Buddhist sangha, or community of Buddhist monks. The institution of monastic examinations first began in 1648 during pre-colonial era, and the legacy continues today, with modern-day examinations largely conducted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs's Department of Religious Affairs.

Educational qualifications have increasingly become important to advance in the monkhood – rural monastic abbots need to have passed at least an intermediate-level monastic examination, while their urban counterparts need to have passed advanced-level exam or higher.

Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture (Burmese: သာသနာရေးနှင့်ယဉ်ကျေးမှုဝန်ကြီးဌာန) administers the religious affairs, cultural affairs and historical and archaeology research efforts of Myanmar (formerly Burma). The Department of Religious Affairs purification, perpetuation, promotion and propagation of the Theravada Buddhist Sasana and promotes Myanmar traditional customs and culture.
Newbury Abbot Trent
Newbury Abbot Trent (14 October 1885 – 2 August 1953) was an English sculptor and medallist. Trent studied at the Royal College of Art and Royal Academy Schools, where he became an associate. His works include reliefs, statues and other forms of sculpture. Many of his most notable works are war memorials in England, Scotland and Wales.

Statue
A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to life-size. A sculpture that represents persons or animals in full figure, but that is small enough to lift and carry is a statuette or figurine, whilst those that are more than twice life-size are regarded as colossal statues.

Statues have been produced in many cultures from prehistory to the present; the oldest-known statue dating to about 30,000 years ago. Statues represent many different people and animals, real and mythical. Many statues are placed in public places as public art. The world's tallest statue, Statue of Unity, is 182 metres (597 ft) tall and is located near the Narmada dam in Gujarat, India.
2003 NCAA Rifle Championships
The 2003 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the 24th annual NCAA-sanctioned competition to determine the team and individual national champions of co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. This year's championships were held at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.

Four-time defending champions Alaska once again topped the team standings, finishing 90 points (6,287–6,197) ahead of Xavier. This was the Nanooks' fifth consecutive and sixth overall team title.

Matthew Emmons (Alaska) once again repeated as the individual national champion for the smallbore rifle (his third consecutive in air rifle and fourth individual title overall, all since 2001). Emmons remains the only collegiate shooter with four NCAA individual titles. The air rifle title was claimed by Jamie Beyerle (Alaska).

Xavier Musketeers
The Xavier Musketeers are the 19 teams representing Xavier University in intercollegiate athletics, including men's and women's basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis, indoor track and field, and outdoor track and field. The Musketeers compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Big East Conference. Their official colors are Xavier blue, silver metallic, silver gray and white.

On March 20, 2013, the Xavier administration announced that the university would leave the Atlantic 10 Conference to join the Big East, and it moved to the new conference on July 1, 2013.
Attack of the Wolf King
Attack of the Wolf King is the fifth studio album from Haste the Day. The album was released on June 29, 2010 through Solid State Records. A song from the album, entitled "Travesty" was released on the band's MySpace on May 4. Lyrics for "Travesty" were released on May 21, 2010 on the band's Facebook. The song "Dog Like Vultures" has been played live since early April and debuted April 8 in Evansville, IN. This is the first album to feature new members, Dave Krysl, Giuseppe Capolupo, and Scott Whelan. On the CD's release day, the band played a show in Bloomington, IN, where they performed an extended setlist with all the former members of the band, playing songs from the That They May Know You EP through Attack of the Wolf King. On June 8 the band released the song "Wake Up The Sun" on their Myspace.

On August 10, 2010, CI Records released a 7-inch vinyl single of "Travesty" with two other tracks from the album. The release was limited to 1000 copies on swirl colored vinyl.

CI Records
CI Records is an independent record label in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, owned by Jeremy Weiss. Originally created to distribute the releases of his band, Stand Up, an early 1990s melodic hardcore band. Weiss also operates the physical record store, CI Records & Skates in Downtown Lancaster.

Albums by Jeff Caudill, Sense Field, The Juliana Theory and Jonah Matranga's (of Far, New End Original, Gratitude, and Onelinedrawing) followed after the initial success. Notable artists to sign with CI have included August Burns Red, Texas In July, The Pink Spiders, Carousel Kings, Sadaharu, Fire Deuce (The side project of Coheed and Cambria's Travis Stever), and Movies with Heroes. CI Records is also the homebase of the LAUNCH Music Conference & Festival, held annually in Lancaster and now entering its 16th year.

The label owes its name to a punk rock band once played in founder Jeremy Weiss, called Corrupted Image, from which the initials were used.
Joseph Howard (judge)
Joseph Howard (March 14, 1800 – December 10, 1877) was an American lawyer and politician from Maine. Howard served as Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from October 23, 1848 to October 22, 1855.

Born in Brownfield, Maine, Howard graduated from Bowdoin College in 1821 and read law to gain admission to the bar in 1824. He was a United States Attorney from 1837 to 1841. On October 23, 1848, Governor John W. Dana appointed Howard to a seat as an associate justice on the Maine Supreme Judicial Court vacated by the elevation of Ether Shepley to the position of chief justice. Howard served until his retirement on October 22, 1855. In 1860, he was elected Mayor of Portland, Maine, and, in 1865, he ran as the Democratic candidate for governor of Maine, which he lost to Samuel Cony by 63.3% to 37.7%.

He died in Brownfield.

John W. Dana
John Winchester Dana (June 21, 1808 – December 22, 1867) was an American businessman, diplomat and Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Maine. He served as the 19th and 21st governor of Maine and as Chargé d'affaires to Bolivia during the 19th century.
30 Rock season 6
The sixth season of 30 Rock, an American television comedy series on the NBC network in the United States, began airing on January 12, 2012. 30 Rock was renewed for a sixth season by NBC on November 15, 2010. The season began airing mid-season to accommodate Tina Fey's pregnancy. On November 14, 2011, NBC announced that 30 Rock would return at the new time of 8:00 pm.

This season was initially expected to be Alec Baldwin's last, as he had announced he would be looking to expand into other forms of media. However, in January 2012, Baldwin confirmed that he would remain for the seventh and final season of 30 Rock. Season six received positive reviews and 13 Emmy Award nominations.

Judah Friedlander
Judah Friedlander (born March 16, 1969) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is known for playing the role of writer Frank Rossitano on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Friedlander is also known for his role as Toby Radloff in the film American Splendor, a role that garnered him favorable reviews and a nomination for best supporting actor at the 2004 Independent Spirit Awards. Earlier in his career, he was recognized as "the hug guy" from the music video for the 2001 Dave Matthews Band single "Everyday".

Friedlander is known for his distinctive look, which includes oversized glasses, shaggy hair, and a t-shirt and trucker hat (both often emblazoned with slogans such as "world champion"), and a generally unkempt appearance. It is a look he maintains as a stand-up comedian, during most of his public appearances, and which he has employed in some of his acting roles.
Fully dressed flies
Fully dressed flies are elaborate and colorful artificial flies used in fly fishing. The most famous of these are the classic salmon flies, which are exquisite patterns made from mostly rare and beautiful materials and feathers, including golden pheasants, toucans, swans, and ivory-billed woodpeckers.  These flies have been popular in the United Kingdom since the 19th century. Fully dressed flies are often meant for display and are not used in actual fishing.  Many patterns are expensive to tie because of the cost of rare feathers.

Swan
Swans are birds of the genus Cygnus within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae, forming the tribe Cygnini. Sometimes, they are considered a distinct subfamily, Cygninae. They are the largest waterfowl and are often among the largest flighted birds in their range.

There are six living and many extinct species of swan; in addition, there is a species known as the coscoroba swan, which is no longer considered one of the true swans. Swans usually mate for life, although separation sometimes occurs, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight.
Salem Welsh Church
Salem Welsh Church, or Salem Presbyterian Church, is a Greek Revival-style Presbyterian church at Freedom in Cattaraugus County, New York, constructed from 1854 to 1855.

It was built as the Calvinistic Methodist Church by the Welsh settlers who migrated to this area from Herkimer and Oneida Counties in the 1840s and 1850s.  Regular services ended before World War I and the property has been maintained since 1926 by the Salem Cemetery Society, Inc.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Cattaraugus County, New York
Cattaraugus County (locally known as Catt County) is a county in Western New York, with one side bordering Pennsylvania. As of the United States 2020 census, the population was 77,042. The county seat is Little Valley. The county was created in 1808 and later organized in 1817. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Cattaraugus County comprises the Olean, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY Combined Statistical Area. Within its boundaries are the Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation of New York, and the Allegany State Park. The Allegheny River runs through the county.
Unbroken (band)
Unbroken is an American metalcore band from San Diego County, California. They were influential in the Southern California hardcore scene during the mid-to-late 1990s. The band chose the name Unbroken because they wanted to emphasize their dedication to the straight edge philosophy of drug abstinence. However, most of the members have since given up this belief.

In 2008, Alternative Press named Unbroken a band of significant interest in its cover story "23 Bands Who Shaped Punk", citing them as an influence on later groups such as The Hope Conspiracy, Throwdown, Suicide File, Planes Mistaken for Stars, Modern Life Is War, and Bleeding Through.

Alternative Press (magazine)
Alternative Press is an American entertainment magazine primarily focused on music and culture. It generally provides readers with band interviews, photos, and relevant news. It was founded in 1985 by Mike Shea in Cleveland, Ohio. The company is now managed by MDDN, and based in Los Angeles, California. Anna Zanes is the current Editor-in-Chief and Kelsey Barnes is the current Junior Editor. As of late 2025, Alternative Press was no longer offering a printed magazine.
Polistes carnifex
Polistes carnifex, commonly known as the executioner wasp or executioner paper wasp, is a neotropical vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus Polistes.

It is a very large yellow and brown paper wasp with a mandible that contains teeth. It establishes small colonies, founded by solitary queens, which build nests under the eaves of buildings or suspended from branches. Foraging adults bring nectar and macerated prey back to the nest to feed to the developing larvae which are individually housed in separate cells in the nest.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
Adya
Adya is a given name for both boys and girls in India. In Russian, it is a diminutive of the male first names Avdey and Avdiky.

Notable people with the name include:

Adya Prasad Pandey, Indian economist, former Vice Chancellor of Manipur University

Adya Rangacharya (1904–1984), Indian writer, actor, and scholar

Adya van Rees-Dutilh (1876–1959), Dutch artist

Adya van Rees-Dutilh (1929–2015), Indian dramatist and playwright

Zaskia Adya Mecca (born 1987), Indonesian actress

Adya Prasad Pandey
Adya Prasad Pandey is an Indian economist, professor, and  state minister cadre in the government of Manipur. He previously served as the vice chancellor of Manipur University. Currently, he is the national president of the Indian Economic Association, as well as the independent director at the National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC).

Pandey is a full-time professor at the Banaras Hindu University.
He is also a member of the Executive Council of Banaras Hindu University.
2016 Indonesian Masters Grand Prix Gold
The 2016 Indonesian Masters Grand Prix Gold (officially known as the Yonex Sunrise Indonesian Masters 2016 for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th grand prix's badminton tournament of the 2016 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held at the Balikpapan Sport and Convention Center in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia on 6 to 11 September 2016 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Balikpapan Sport and Convention Center
Balikpapan Sport and Convention Center or can be locally referred to as Dome Balikpapan is a multipurpose indoor arena located in Balikpapan, Indonesia. The building was built by the Government of Balikpapan for 2008 Pekan Olahraga Nasional.
Early appropriate care
Early appropriate care (EAC) is a system in orthopaedic trauma surgery aiming to identify serious major trauma patients and treat the most time-critical injuries without adding to their physiological burden.

External fixation
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. As an alternative to internal fixation, wherein bone-stabilising mechanical components are surgically emplaced in the body of the patient, external fixation is used to stabilize bone tissues and soft tissues at a distance from the site of the injury.
John Cyril Smith
Sir John Cyril Smith CBE QC FBA (15 January 1922 – 14 February 2003), born Barnard Castle, County Durham, was an English legal academic. Smith was an authority on English criminal law and the philosophy of criminal liability. Together with Brian Hogan he was the author of Smith & Hogan's Criminal Law, which became the leading doctrinal text on criminal law in England and Wales. The textbook has been used as persuasive authority on crimes prosecuted in the law courts of England and Wales and elsewhere in the common law world. In 1998, Lord Bingham praised Smith; "whom most would gladly hail as the outstanding criminal lawyer of our time."

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Caroline Martel
Caroline Martel (born 1973) is a French Canadian documentary filmmaker from Montreal, Canada. She holds a role as a Research Collaborator for Cinema Expo67 researching the history of Expo67. Her work has been displayed in museums, such as the Museum of Moving Image. Her installation “Industry/Cinema” was displayed here. Her debut film was Hold the Line (2001). Her documentaries focus on underrepresented topics or people. Martel uses the phrase "Unseen Voice" to describe this choice of subject matter.

Brooklyn Underground Film Festival
The Brooklyn Underground Film Festival was an annual showcase of typically low-budget, under-distributed or amateur videos and metavideos.  The festival was initially held in DUMBO, Brooklyn and later moved to Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.  The festival ran from 2002-2007.

The festival also showed the work of emerging non-media artists.  The first festival included a large wheat paste mural by the artist known as Swoon.
Maximilian Linder
Maximilian Linder (born 22 March 1965) is an Austrian politician from the Freedom Party. He has been a member of the National Council since 2023, having previously served from 2008 to 2013 and 2017 to 2019. Since 2003, he has also served as mayor of Afritz am See.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.
Stefaniada
Stefaniada (Greek: Στεφανιάδα) is a mountain village and local community (Greek: Τοπική κοινότητα) in the western part of the Karditsa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Argithea, under the municipal unit Anatoliki Argithea. The local community has an area of 31.104 km2. The community has a population of 109 (2021).

Karditsa (regional unit)
Karditsa (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Καρδίτσας, [karˈðit͡sa]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its name is derived from its capital Karditsa, a town of approximately 56,000 people.
Cheng San Public Library
1°22′21.35″N 103°53′36.62″E﻿ / ﻿1.3725972°N 103.8935056°E﻿ / 1.3725972; 103.8935056

Cheng San Public Library is a public library in Hougang, located inside Hougang Mall. It is the third library of the National Library Board to be located in a mall and the first to acquire and display works by local artists. It is near Hougang MRT station and Hougang Central Bus Interchange.

Hougang Mall
Hougang Mall (Chinese: 后港购物坊), previously known as NTUC Hougang Mall, is a suburban shopping mall in Hougang, Singapore. It is near Hougang Central Bus Interchange, as well as Hougang MRT station.

In 2006, the mall underwent renovation; it transformed part of the second level, formerly occupied by NTUC FairPrice, into a food cluster. The mall previously had renovations done on the fifth level.

Before renovations, a food court stood on the fifth floor. Now, a playground (on the roof which offers a good view of the surrounding HDB flats), and some other shops are on the fifth floor while the food court was shifted to level 4 to the area which previously housed the NTUC Club.

In October 2020, Frasers Property acquired Hougang Mall, which was previously under AsiaMalls Management Limited, under its property.

The mall began renovations, termed as asset enhancement works, from the 2nd quarter of 2025, aiming to complete by the 3rd quarter of 2026.
Apache Directory
Apache Directory is an open source project of the Apache Software Foundation. The Apache Directory Server, originally written by Alex Karasulu, is an embeddable directory server entirely written in Java. It was certified LDAPv3-compatible by The Open Group in 2006. Besides LDAP, the server supports other protocols as well.

There exist these subprojects:

Apache Directory Studio - an LDAP browser/editor for data, schema, LDIF, and DSML written in an Eclipse-based framework.

Apache SCIMple - an implementation of SCIM v2.0 specification.

Apache Fortress - a standards-based authorization system.

Apache Kerby - a Kerberos implementation written in Java.

Apache LDAP API - an SDK for directory access in Java.

Apache Mavibot - a Multi Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) BTree in Java.

The Open Group
The Open Group is a global consortium that seeks to "enable the achievement of business objectives" by developing "open, vendor-neutral technology standards and certifications." It has 900+ member organizations and provides a number of services, including strategy, management, innovation and research, standards, certification, and test development. It was established in 1996 when X/Open merged with the Open Software Foundation.

The Open Group is the certifying body for the UNIX trademark, and publishes the Single UNIX Specification technical standard, which extends the POSIX standards. The Open Group also develops and manages the TOGAF standard, which is an industry standard enterprise architecture framework.
Frans Tumbuan
Frans Karel Leopold Tumbuan (3 August 1939 – 23 March 2015) was an Indonesian actor. He spent part of his childhood in the Netherlands, where he began acting.

He appeared in many Indonesian movies including US-Indonesian productions such as Sam Firstenberg's Blood Warriors  and Guy Norris's Rage and Honor II (both 1993).

Sam Firstenberg
Sam Firstenberg (born Shmulik Firstenberg on March 13, 1950) is an Israeli-American film director, screenwriter and film producer.

He is best known for having made low-budget B movies most of his career, among them the first two films in the American Ninja series, American Ninja and American Ninja 2: The Confrontation as well as Riverbend and Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo.

Firstenberg's filmography includes genres such as comedy, action, drama, science fiction, thrillers, horror and musicals.