hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Afrocentricity
Afrocentricity is an academic theory and approach to scholarship that seeks to center the experiences and peoples of Africa and the African diaspora within their own historical, cultural, and sociological contexts. First developed as a systematized methodology by Molefi Kete Asante in 1980, he drew inspiration from a number of African and African diaspora intellectuals including Cheikh Anta Diop, George James, Harold Cruse, Ida B. Wells, Langston Hughes, Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, and W. E. B. Du Bois. The Temple Circle, also known as the Temple School of Thought, Temple Circle of Afrocentricity, or Temple School of Afrocentricity, was an early group of Africologists during the late 1980s and early 1990s that helped to further develop Afrocentricity, which is based on concepts of agency, centeredness, location, and orientation.

Harold Cruse
Harold Wright Cruse (March 8, 1916 – March 26, 2005) was an American academic who was a social critic and teacher of African American studies at the University of Michigan until the mid-1980s. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (1967) is his best-known book.
Laccocephalum
Laccocephalum is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was discovered in 1895 by Daniel McAlpine and Otto Tepper. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words λάκκος ("cistern") and κεφαλή ("head").

Daniel McAlpine
Daniel McAlpine (21 January 1849 – 12 October 1932) was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology. He wrote several publications on plant disease in many crops and other plants. McAlpine was a lecturer in biology at the University of Melbourne from 1884, and, with his appointment to the Victorian Department of Agriculture from 1890 to 1911, became the British Empire's first professional plant pathologist.
Aleksander Eelmaa
Aleksander Eelmaa (6 November 1946 – 21 July 2021) was an Estonian actor.

Eelmaa was born in Viljandi. From 1968 to 1969 he studied at the Estonian SSR Theatre Association's pantomime studio. From 1976 to 1981 he was an actor at Estonian Youth Theatre, from 1981 to 1990 at Vanalinnastuudio, from 1990 to 2006 at Estonian Drama Theatre, from 2007 to 2015 at Tallinn City Theatre, and from 2015 again at Estonian Drama Theatre.

Besides theatrical roles he also played on several films (Agent Wild Duck, A Friend of Mine and Vana daami visiit) and television series (Tuulepealne maa and Õnne 13).

Eelmaa's children are actor and director Taavi Eelmaa and theatre artist Liisi Eelmaa.

Eelmaa died on 21 July 2021, at the age of 74 in Ohtla. He was appearing in the play Kadunud kodu at the Saueaugu Theatre Farm, which had premiered the night before his death.

Tallinn City Theatre
Tallinn City Theatre (Estonian: Tallinna Linnateater) is a repertory theatre located in the medieval old town of Tallinn, Estonia. Tallinn City Theatre was established in 1965 as Estonian SSR State Youth Theatre. In 1992, after Estonia regained its independence, Elmo Nüganen became the artistic director, holding this position until today. In 1994, it became a municipal theatre named Tallinn City Theatre. Tallinn City Theatre's house is unique, consisting of 16 interconnected medieval merchant's houses. Tallinn City Theatre organizes a biannual international theatre festival Midwinter Night's Dream, which takes place in December.

The theatre, in common with all repertory theatres, hosts a wide range of theatrical performances

Tallinn City theatre also uses other theatre venues such as the Horse Mill near the main building and Salme Cultural Centre in Kalamaja.
Consumers Cigar Box Company
Consumers Cigar Box Company, also known as Red Lion Woodcraft Inc., is a historic factory located at Red Lion, York County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1921, with additions in 1925 and 1935-1936. It is a large two-story, L-shaped building.  It is built of concrete block and brick with a gable roof and stepped parapet.  Cigar boxes were manufactured until the 1950s.  The building housed various manufacturing operations until 1979.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.  It is located in the Red Lion Borough Historic District.

Concrete block
A concrete block, also known as a cinder block in North American English, breeze block in British English, or concrete masonry unit (CMU), or by various other terms, is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.

Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight, improve insulation and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.

Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.
Will Cherry
Will Cherry (born February 8, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for JL Bourg of the LNB Élite. He played college basketball for the University of Montana, where he was named Big Sky Conference Defensive Player of the Year in 2012 and 2013. Cherry had a short stint in the NBA with the Cleveland Cavaliers before playing in Lithuania, Germany, Turkey, Croatia, Greece and Italy.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis
Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis (Slovene: Ljubljanska psihoanalitska šola or Ljubljanska šola za psihoanalizo), also known as the Ljubljana Lacanian School (Slovene: Ljubljanska lakanovska šola), is a popular name for a school of thought centred on the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis based in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Philosophers related to School include Rastko Močnik, Slavoj Žižek, Mladen Dolar, Alenka Zupančič, Miran Božovič and Eva Bahovec. Other scholars associated with the school include philosophers Simon Hajdini, Zdravko Kobe, Rado Riha, Jelica Šumič Riha, sociologist Renata Salecl and philosopher Peter Klepec.

School of thought
A  school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
Kirkstall Power Station
Kirkstall Power Station was a coal-fired unit opened in 1930, serving the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

It was situated in Kirkstall by the River Aire north-west of Leeds and had its own wharf for delivery of coal via the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.

River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 92 miles (148 km) in length. Part of the river below Leeds is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.

The Handbook for Leeds and Airedale (1890) notes that the distance from Malham to Howden is 58 miles (93 km) direct, but the river's meanderings extend that to 90 miles (140 km). Between Malham Tarn and Airmyn, the river drops 1,300 feet (400 m).
Die ägyptische Helena
Die ägyptische Helena (The Egyptian Helen), Op. 75, is an opera in two acts by Richard Strauss to a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. It premiered at the Dresden Semperoper on 6 June 1928. Strauss had written the title role with Maria Jeritza in mind but, creating quite a sensation at the time, the Dresden opera management refused to pay Jeritza's large fee and cast Elisabeth Rethberg instead as Helen of Troy. Jeritza eventually created the part in Vienna and New York City.

As inspiration for the story, Hofmannsthal used sources from Euripides (Helen). Strauss made changes to the opera in 1933, five years after the premiere, working with the director Lothar Wallenstein and the conductor Clemens Krauss.

Clemens Krauss
Clemens Heinrich Krauss (31 March 1893 – 16 May 1954) was an Austrian conductor and opera impresario, particularly associated with the music of Richard Strauss, Johann Strauss and Richard Wagner. He founded the New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic and conducted it until 1954.
Phacelia fremontii
Phacelia fremontii (Frémont's phacelia) is a flowering plant in the family Hydrophyllaceae native to the southwestern United States. In California, its range includes the Mojave Desert, the San Joaquin Valley, the Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada. It was named for John C. Frémont.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Storofsen flood
Storofsen – also referred to as Ofsen – was a flood disaster that struck eastern Norway in July 1789 during which 63 people vanished, thousands of houses were destroyed and thousands of livestock killed. The rivers Glomma and Gudbrandsdalslågen flooded their banks and the waters of Lake Mjøsa rose ten meters above their normal level.

The Kvikne Copper Works were significantly damaged by the flood, virtually ending the operation of the mine. A bailiff (fogd) in Senja and Tromsøe named Jens Holmboe organized settling in the Målselvdalen valley in what would later become Målselv Municipality and Bardu Municipality. Farmers from the Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen valleys who had been affected by the flood moved north between 1791 and 1800, with Holmboe helping about forty families with supplies and funding.

Målselv Municipality
Målselv (Northern Sami: Málatvuomi suohkan) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Moen. The main commercial centre of the municipality is the town of Bardufoss (which includes the neighborhoods of Andselv, Andslimoen, and Heggelia). Other villages in the municipality include Alapmoen, Fossmoen, Holmen, and Skjold.

The 3,324-square-kilometre (1,283 sq mi) municipality is the 11th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Målselv is the 149th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,714. The municipality's population density is 2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Freeway lid
A freeway lid (also known as a freeway cap, highway cap or highway deck) is a  deck bridge built on top of a controlled-access highway or other roadway. It is commonly used to create new parkland in urban areas, but can also support buildings or other heavy structures such as convention centers. In some locations, the terms stitch or cap-and-stitch are used to describe overpasses containing widened bridges that accommodate wider sidewalks or small amenity space beside the roadway above the highway.

Cities and highway departments who propose building freeway lids over highways often cite potential benefits including reconnecting street grids near highways, or providing increased access to neighborhoods harmed by displacement caused by past highway construction. Freeway lids are often criticized by highway expansion opponents, who accuse highway departments of using freeway lids to "greenwash" their lane expansion projects to be more palatable to the public.

Greenwashing
Greenwashing (a compound word modeled on "Whitewashing"), also called green sheen, is a form of advertising or marketing spin that deceptively uses green PR and green marketing to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or policies are environmentally friendly. Companies that intentionally adopt greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers. Firms engage in greenwashing for two primary reasons: to appear legitimate and to project an image of environmental responsibility to the wider public. Since there is no harmonized and international definition of greenwashing, its determination in a given instance can be a subjective challenge for consumers and regulatory bodies.
Marcus Dogo
Marcus Madugu Dogo is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: formerly an  Archdeacon, since 2011 he has been the Bishop of Kafanchan, one of seventeen dioceses within the Anglican Province of Abuja, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Baarle-Hertog
Baarle-Hertog (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbaːrlə ˈɦɛrtɔx]; French: Baerle-Duc, pronounced [baʁl(ə)dyk]) is a Flemish municipality of Belgium, much of which consists of a number of small Belgian exclaves fully surrounded by the Netherlands.

Parts of Baarle-Hertog are surrounded by the Dutch province of North Brabant, but it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp. As of 2021, it had a population of 2,935. The total area is 7.48 square kilometres (2.89 square miles).

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Harry Isherwood
Harold Isherwood (May 1905 – after 1928) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham and Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic.

Isherwood was born in Darwen, Lancashire. He played football for Fleetwood before signing for First Division club Sunderland in 1926. He failed to break through to the first team, and left for fellow First Division side Birmingham in May 1927. He was tried out at left back in the last game of the 1926–27 season, on 7 May 1927 in a 3–2 defeat at home to Sheffield United. After spending the whole of the next season in the reserves, Isherwood moved on to Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic. He played 18 games in the Third Division South, then dropped into non-league football with Worcester City in 1929.

Worcester City F.C.
Worcester City Football Club is an English football club based in Worcester, Worcestershire. The club play in the Southern Football League Premier Division Central, the seventh tier of English football. Established in 1902, the club play at Sixways Stadium.

Worcester City's most notable successes include an FA Cup first round victory against Coventry City and a third round win, in the same competition, against Liverpool.
XV Corps (India)
The XV Corps, also known as the Chinar Corps, is a Corps of the Indian Army which is presently located in Srinagar and responsible for military operations in the Kashmir Valley. It has participated in all military conflicts with Pakistan and China to date. Lieutenant General Prashant Srivastava is the current Corps Commander since 05 October 2024 taking over from Lt Gen Rajiv Ghai.

Rajiv Ghai
Lieutenant General  Rajiv Ghai, SYSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM** is a senior general officer in the Indian Army serving as Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Strategy). He previously served as the Director General of Military Operations (DGMO). He has held various command and strategic positions, particularly in the region of Jammu and Kashmir.
Carslaw
Carslaw is a British surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Evelyn Carslaw (1881–1968), Scottish painter

Horatio Scott Carslaw (1870–1954), Scottish-Australian mathematician

Ken Carslaw, British scientist

Horatio Scott Carslaw
Dr Horatio Scott Carslaw FRSE LLD (12 February 1870, Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire, Scotland – 11 November 1954, Burradoo, New South Wales, Australia) was a Scottish-Australian mathematician.  The book he wrote with his colleague John Conrad Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids, remains a classic in the field.
Ek Nayi Chhoti Si Zindagi
Chhoti Si Zindagi — later renamed Ek Nayi Chhoti Si Zindagi — (International Title: Silver Lining) was an Indian television series that aired on Zee TV. It was based on the lives of two orphan sisters, Isha and Ira. It was produced by J.D. Majethia's Hats Off Productions and shot in areas in Northern India like Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh. The series premiered on 4 April 2011 and starred  Pavan Malhotra and Sushmita Mukherjee.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Missouri Route 112
Route 112 is a highway in southwestern Missouri.  Both termini are with Route 37.  The northern terminus is in Cassville and the southern terminus is in Seligman.  There are no other towns on the route, but Roaring River State Park is located about ten miles (16 km) south of Cassville on the route.

The numbering of this highway is unusual. In Missouri, even-numbered highways are normally east–west routes and Route 112 is a north–south highway.  The only other time this occurs is highways which are numbered from highways from other states which continue into Missouri and the numbering is retained.

Cassville, Missouri
Cassville is a city in Flat Creek Township, Barry County, Missouri, United States, that is the county seat of Barry County. According to the 2020 census, the population of Cassville was 3,186. Cassville is one of the primary markets and job centers for an estimated 14,000 people living in the surrounding area.
Hennadii Shapovalov
Hennadii Mykolayovych Shapovalov (Ukrainian: Геннадій Миколайович Шаповалов; born in 1978) is a Ukrainian Ground Forces major general who is the Commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces from 19 June 2025. He served as the commander of the Operational Command South from 16 April 2024 to 4 February 2025.

Commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces
The commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces (Ukrainian: Командувач Сухопутних військ) is the professional head of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. In 2001–2005 it was known as commander-in-chief (Ukrainian: Головнокомандувач Сухопутних військ).

While the chief of ground forces post had been created in early 1992, it was over two years before the first holder, Colonel General Vasyl Sobkov, was appointed on 7 April 1994.
Bloom (2003 film)
Bloom is a 2003 Irish film written and directed by Sean Walsh, based on the 1922 novel Ulysses by James Joyce. The film premiered at the 2003 Taormina Film Festival. Angeline Ball won the award for "Best Actress in a Film" at the Irish Film and Television Awards. The soundtrack was written and produced by David Kahne.

Taormina Film Fest
Taormina Film Fest (TFF) is an annual film festival that takes place at Taormina, Sicily, Italy, in July. It was established in 1955 in Messina, and in 1957 became Rassegna Cinematografica Internazionale di Messina e Taormina, until it moved permanently to Taormina in 1971. It had a succession of names before adopting its current name.

The festival stages the annual Nastro d'Argento (Silver Ribbon) film awards.
Koper (surname)
Koper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrzej Koper (born 1953), Polish rally driver

Antoni Koper (1906–1990), Polish World War II resistance fighter

Brittany Koper (born 1985), American whistleblower

Bud Koper (born 1942), American basketball player

Christopher S. Koper, American professor

Janet Koper (1931–1988), Canadian politician

Peter Koper (1947–2022), American writer and professor

Brittany Koper
Brittany Crouch Koper (born May 1, 1985) is an American human resources professional. She gained notoriety after she was dismissed from, and filed a lawsuit against attorneys for, the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). She is the granddaughter of Paul and Jan Crouch, co-founders and directors of the TBN, and daughter of Paul Crouch Jr., formerly of TBN and now with the Word Network.
Seven Sisters Generating Station
The Seven Sisters Generating Station is a hydroelectric generating station located on the Winnipeg River, in eastern Manitoba near Seven Sisters Falls, Manitoba. The reservoir is called Natalie Lake and is used for recreational boating and fishing.

The present capacity of the generating station is 165 megawatts, and in a typical year the station can produce 990 million kilowatt-hours. It is the largest generating station on the Winnipeg River. Power is transmitted over five 115 kV lines to Winnipeg, and sixth and seventh lines to the Whiteshell and on to Kenora, Ontario.

The powerhouse is 128 metres long. The total discharge of water from the station is 1,146 cubic metres per second, with a total drop from forebay to tailrace of 18.6 metres. The station has a 225 metre-long spillway.  The forebay nominal elevation is 274.2 metres AMSL and the forebay area is 21 square kilometres. The forebay is retained by more than 12 km of dykes.

Nameplate capacity
Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, maximum effect or gross capacity, is the intended  full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power station, electric generator, a chemical plant, fuel plant, mine, metal refinery, and many others.   Nameplate capacity is the theoretical output registered with authorities for classifying the unit. For intermittent power sources, such as wind and solar, nameplate power is the source's output under ideal conditions, such as maximum  usable wind or high sun on a clear summer day.

Capacity factor measures the ratio of actual output over an extended period to nameplate capacity. Power plants with an output consistently near their nameplate capacity have a high capacity factor.

For electric power stations, the power output is expressed in megawatt electrical (MWe). For fuel plants, it is the refinery capacity in barrels per day.