hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Additive Markov chain
In probability theory, an additive Markov chain is a Markov chain with an additive conditional probability function. Here the process is a discrete-time Markov chain of order m and the transition probability to a state at the next time is a sum of functions, each depending on the next state and one of the m previous states.

Additive map
In algebra, an additive map, -linear map or additive function is a function  that preserves the addition operation:

for every pair of elements  and  in the domain of ⁠⁠. For example, any linear map is additive. When the domain is the real numbers, this is Cauchy's functional equation. For a specific case of this definition, see additive polynomial.

More formally, an additive map is a -module homomorphism.  Since an abelian group is a -module, it may be defined as a group homomorphism between abelian groups.

A map  that is additive in each of two arguments separately is called a bi-additive map or a -bilinear map.
FC Vityaz Krymsk
FC Vityaz Krymsk (Russian: ФК «Витязь» Крымск) was a Russian football club from Krymsk, Krasnodar Krai, founded in 1994.  It played professionally in the Russian Second Division from 1999 to 2005, playing on amateur level in other years. In 2013 club was brought back to professional level and started playing in 2nd Division again, they finished 2013–2014 season with respectable 3rd place, the best achievement so far. In 2014–15 season, they surpassed that, coming in 2nd in their zone. Before the 2015–16 season, the club did not pass professional licensing.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
East Charleston, Vermont
East Charleston is an unincorporated village in the town of Charleston, Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The community is located along Vermont Route 105 12.6 miles (20.3 km) southeast of Newport. East Charleston has a post office with ZIP code 05833.

Orleans County, Vermont
Orleans County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,393. Its shire town (county seat) is the city of Newport. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1799. As in the rest of New England, few governmental powers have been granted to the county. The county is an expedient way of grouping and distributing state-controlled governmental services.
Os, Østfold
Os is one of three parishes in the municipality of Rakkestad in southeastern Norway.

The parish was separated from Rakkestad parish in about 1878. The parish, between Rakkestad village and Glomma, forms the northwestern part of the municipality, and covers an area of about 44 square kilometres (17 sq mi).

Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of 621 kilometres (386 miles), it has a drainage basin that covers 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country.
Afghanistan International
Afghanistan International (AITV; Persian: افغانستان اینترنشنال) is a news and current affairs television station headquartered in London, UK, aimed at Afghans and the diaspora. The station broadcasts free-to-air on the TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT satellite receivable in Europe and Asia including Afghanistan, along with a radio relay transmission via shortwave (7600 kHz). It also broadcasts worldwide via online streaming platforms.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Bandamax
Bandamax is a 24-hour cable television music channel owned by TelevisaUnivision. It is available in Mexico, the United States, and Latin America. It focuses on Regional Mexican music; in addition to banda music, its playlist includes mariachi and norteño, among others.

Banda music
Banda is a subgenre of regional Mexican music and type of ensemble in which wind (mostly brass) and percussion instruments are performed.

The history of banda music in Mexico dates from the middle of the 19th century with the arrival of piston brass instruments, when community musicians tried to imitate military bands. The first bandas were formed in southern and central Mexico. Many types of bandas exist in different territories and villages, playing traditional or modern music, organized privately or municipally.
Vaga (inhabited locality)
Vaga (Russian: Вага) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

Modern rural localities

Vaga, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a railway station classified as a rural locality under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of district significance of Velsk in Velsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Vaga, Bryansk Oblast, a settlement in Chelkhovsky Rural Administrative Okrug of Klimovsky District in Bryansk Oblast; 52°14′N 31°56′E﻿ / ﻿52.233°N 31.933°E﻿ / 52.233; 31.933

Vaga, Kirov Oblast, a village in Ozernitsky Rural Okrug of Slobodskoy District in Kirov Oblast

Historical names

Vaga, former name of Shenkursk, a town in Shenkursky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Velsk
Velsk (Russian: Вельск) is a town and the administrative center of Velsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vel River at its confluence with the Vaga River, 545 kilometers (339 mi) south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  23,885 (2010 Census); 26,241 (2002 Census); 25,967 (1989 Soviet census).
Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes
"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes" is a country song about a man away from home who is worried that his paramour may unwittingly stray from their relationship. It was written by Winston L. Moore (whose stage name was Slim Willet) and published in 1952. The song has been recorded in many different styles by many performers, with Perry Como's version hitting number 1 in both the US and UK.

The title comes from the opening refrain:

Don't let the stars get in your eyes,

Don't let the moon break your heart.

Red Foley
Clyde Julian "Red" Foley (June 17, 1910 – September 19, 1968) was an American musician who made a major contribution to the growth of country music after World War II. For more than two decades, Foley was one of the biggest stars of the genre, selling more than 25 million records. His 1951 hit, "Peace in the Valley", was among the first million-selling gospel records. A Grand Ole Opry veteran until his death, Foley also hosted the first popular country music series on network television, Ozark Jubilee, from 1955 to 1960.

He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which called him "one of the most versatile and moving performers of all time" and "a giant influence during the formative years of contemporary country music."
Japanese ship Chiyoda
Five naval vessels of Japan have been named Chiyoda:

Japanese gunboat Chiyodagata (1866), Japan's first domestically built, engine-powered warship

Japanese cruiser Chiyoda (1891), a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy during the First Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War and World War I

Japanese aircraft carrier Chiyoda (1936), a Chitose-class aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II

JS Chiyoda (1983), a submarine rescue ship of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, commissioned in 1985 and struck in 2018

JS Chiyoda (2016), a submarine rescue ship of the Japanese Navy launched in 2016

JS Chiyoda (1983)
JS Chiyoda (AS 405) was a submarine rescue ship of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.

She was replaced by a newer ship of the same name, with a slightly different designation: JS Chiyoda (ASR 404). The new ship is similar, but improved, at: 128 m (420 ft) long, with a standard displacement of 5,600 tonnes (6,173 tons), and was commissioned on 20 March 2018.
MiR-132
In molecular biology miR-132 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, generally reducing protein levels through the cleavage of mRNAs or the repression of their translation. Several targets for miR-132 have been described, including mediators of neurological development, synaptic transmission, inflammation and angiogenesis.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the ninth known human herpesvirus. It is also called Human herpesvirus 8, or HHV-8 in short. This virus causes Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer commonly occurring in AIDS patients, as well as primary effusion lymphoma, HHV-8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. It is one of seven currently known human cancer viruses, or oncoviruses. Even after many years since the discovery of KSHV/HHV8, there is no known cure for KSHV associated tumorigenesis.
USS Alpha
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Alpha, after the first letter in the Greek alphabet.

USS Alpha (1864), a screw tug bearing a spar torpedo during the Civil War

USS Alpha (SP-586), a motor yacht that patrolled off Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut during World War I; built 1911; purchased by U.S. Navy in 1917; sold in 1919

USS Alpha (1864)
USS Alpha was a screw-propelled tugboat purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.  It was later fitted with a spar torpedo and operated in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.
Radio Peace
Radio Peace is the English radio station of the Catholic Archdiocese of Miami. It is the sister station of the Spanish language Radio Paz.   Radio Peace was founded in 1993.

Radio Peace is broadcast over South Florida & as well as over the Internet 24 hours per day.

25°51′06″N 80°12′03″W﻿ / ﻿25.8517°N 80.2007°W﻿ / 25.8517; -80.2007

Archdiocese of Miami
The Archdiocese of Miami (Latin: Archidioecesis Miamiensis, Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Miami, Haitian Creole: Achidyosèz Miami) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in South Florida in the United States. Formed in 1958, it is the metropolitan see for the Ecclesiastical Province of Miami, which covers all of Florida. The Archdiocese of Miami contains the Florida counties Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe. The Cathedral of Saint Mary is the mother church of the archdiocese. The archbishop is Thomas Wenski.
New Lount
New Lount is a  21.3 hectares (53 acres) Local Nature Reserve north-east of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in  Leicestershire. It is owned and managed by Leicestershire County Council.

This site has a diverse bird population, such as green woodpeckers, chiffchaffs, blackcaps, willow warblers and goldcrests. Soprano and common pipistrelles catch insects over the site's four ponds.

There is access from Melbourne Road.

Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Ashby-de-la-Zouch (/ˈæʃbi də lə ˈzuːʃ/), also spelled Ashby de la Zouch and commonly shortened to Ashby, is a market town and civil parish in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England, near to the Derbyshire and Staffordshire borders. Its population at the 2021 census was 16,491. Ashby de la Zouch Castle was an important fort in the 15th to 17th centuries. During the 19th century, the town's main industry was ribbon manufacturing.

The civil parish includes the hamlets of Shellbrook to the west and Boundary to the north-west. Swadlincote, Burton upon Trent, Melbourne and Coalville are within 10 miles (16 km), with Derby 12 miles (19 km) due north. It lies at the heart of the National Forest, 24 miles (39 km) south of the Peak District National Park, on the A42 between Tamworth and Nottingham.
2019 Challenger Banque Nationale de Drummondville – Doubles
Joris De Loore and Frederik Nielsen were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Scott Clayton and Adil Shamasdin won the title after defeating Matt Reid and John-Patrick Smith 7–5, 3–6, [10–5] in the final.

Joris De Loore
Joris De Loore (born 21 April 1993) is a Belgian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 142, achieved on 6 November 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 263, achieved on 24 December 2018. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour.

De Loore has represented Belgium at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–4.
Dark Woods
Dark Woods (Norwegian: Villmark, lit. "Wilderness") is a 2003 Norwegian horror film directed by Pål Øie. The tagline—"De skulle holdt seg unna det vannet"—translates to "They should've stayed away from that lake".

The theatrical premiere sold 150,000 tickets in Norway, and was therefore picked up for a German language release by Atlas Film + Medien, and a Chinese language release in Taiwan by Horng En Culture. The film received two nominations for the Amanda award in the categories of best Norwegian film and best male actor (Kristoffer Joner), though it did not win in any of the categories.

A sequel, Villmark Asylum, was released in October 2015, which was set in the defunct sanatorium Harastølen.

Harastølen
Harastølen, formerly Lyster Sanatorium, was a tuberculosis sanatorium and later psychiatric hospital in Norway established in 1902, located on a remote hill some 500 metres (1,600 ft) above the village of Luster and the Lustrafjorden in Luster Municipality in the region of Sogn. A 5,000 square metre large building, the sanatorium had its own water power supply, and was accessed by an aerial tramway.
2018 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's singles
Alexander Zverev defeated Dominic Thiem in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2018 Madrid Open. He did not lose a set en route to the title, and did not have his serve broken throughout the entire tournament.

Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but lost to Thiem in the quarterfinals in a rematch of the previous year's final. His defeat ended a 50-set winning streak on clay, the longest single-surface set-winning streak in the Open Era.

Despite his withdrawal from the clay court season, Roger Federer regained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking as Nadal failed to defend his title.

Federico Delbonis
Federico Delbonis (Spanish pronunciation: [feðeˈɾiko ðelˈβonis]; born 5 October 1990) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33 on 9 May 2016. He also reached a career-high doubles ranking of No. 110 on 22 July 2019.

Delbonis was known for his unorthodox serve, an exaggerated trophy serve in which he would raise his racquet, toss the ball unusually high and follow through.
Saint-Paul-de-Vézelin
Saint-Paul-de-Vézelin (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pɔl də vezlɛ̃]; Arpitan: Sant-Pol-de-Véselyins) is a former commune in the Loire department in central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Vézelin-sur-Loire.

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.
Shahla Behrouzirad
Shahla Behrouzirad (Persian: شهلا بهروزی راد; born 7 September 1985) is an Iranian paracanoer. Behrouzirad was the first Iranian female kayaker to qualify for the Paralympic Games. She participated in the 2016 Summer Paralympics and the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics in her career, and she has set a unique record in this field. She finished 9th in the 2016 Summer Paralympics and 7th in the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Behrouzirad won gold and silver medals in the Asian championship, and also won the silver medal in the Asian Para Games. In addition, she won a bronze medal in the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Football at the 2009 Asian Youth Games
Football at the 2009 Asian Youth Games was held from 20 June to 6 July 2009 at the Jalan Besar Stadium. The organizers also used few other college stadiums for the preliminary rounds, Temasek Polytechnic, Meridian Junior College, Victoria Junior College and Jurong Junior College. Age limit for the teams was under-14. South Korea won the gold medal after beating North Korea 2–0 in the final.

Philippines and Hong Kong withdrew after their teams underwent quarantine due to players testing positive for H1N1 amidst a pandemic of the disease.

Meridian Junior College
Meridian Junior College (MJC) was a junior college in Singapore, offering two-year pre-university courses leading up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination. Situated in the eastern residential estate of Pasir Ris, it is the sixteenth junior college established in Singapore.
Krafty
"Krafty" is a song by English music group New Order, released as the first single from their eighth studio album, Waiting for the Sirens' Call (2005). It marked the first new release by New Order for Warner Bros. Records without London Records and was produced by John Leckie. As with most New Order releases, the artwork design is provided by Peter Saville.

London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent.  The London name – as London American Recordings, often shortened to London American – was also used by British Decca in the UK market, for releases taken from American labels, which British Decca licensed.

The label is owned by Because Music, which also owns most of the label's 1980s and 1990s UK catalogue.
Guy IX de Laval
Guy IX de Laval (c. 1270 – 22 January 1333) was a member of the House of Laval. He was Seigneur de Laval and d'Acquigny, of Beaumont-du-Gâtinais, Viscomte de Rennes, Comte de Caserte in Campania and Baron de Vitré.

Caserta
Caserta (Italian: [kaˈzɛrta] ⓘ or [kaˈsɛrta]; Neapolitan: [kaˈsertə]) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial comune and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometres north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the 18th-century Bourbon Royal Palace of Caserta.
Herman Stordalen
Herman Enger Stordalen (23 June 1895 – 15 July 1961) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Kongsberg, and moved to Heggedal in 1916. He spent his entire professional career in the Norwegian State Railways, going through the ranks from errand boy to manager.

He was elected to serve in Asker municipal council in 1928. From 1931 he was a member of the executive committee. In 1938 he moved from Heggedal to Hvalstad, and in the same year he became mayor. He was the first and only Labour Party mayor of Asker. He served until moving to Oslo in 1951, except for the years 1941 to 1945 due to the German occupation of Norway. From 1945 to 1951 he also chaired Akershus county council.

Asker Municipality (1838–2020)
Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Namoluk
Namoluk  (meaning "lagoon in the middle") is an atoll and municipality in the state of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.

It is the smallest atoll in Micronesia, with a total surface of only 13 km2 and a land mass of less than 1 km2. Namoluk is part of the Eastern Islands or [[Middle 
Mortlock Islands]] group, located about 185 km to the SE of Chuuk and 50 km NW of Etal Atoll.

Taro
Taro (/ˈtɑːroʊ, ˈtær-/; Colocasia esculenta) is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, stems and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African, Caribbean, Oceanian, East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian cultures (similar to yams).
2010 Banyak Islands earthquake
The 2010 Banyak Islands earthquake occurred on April 7 at 5:15 AM local time with a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of V (Moderate). The shock occurred near the Banyak Islands, off the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. A tsunami watch was issued according to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu which was later canceled. A 40 cm surge was reported in the Banyak Islands an hour after the quake, along with 62 injuries. Power outages were reported throughout the province of North Sumatra as well as in Aceh. This quake is one in a sequence of large earthquakes along the Sunda megathrust in the 2000s.

In Simeulue Regency, 21 were hospitalized at Gunung Putih, Teluk Dalam subdistrict, and 41 were injured in Teupah Selatan subdistrict. Some of the injured were treated at Simeulue general hospital in Sinabang.

Simeulue Regency
Simeulue Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Simeulue) is a regency in the Aceh special region of Indonesia. It occupies the whole island of Simeulue (Pulau Simeulue), 150 km off the west coast of Sumatra, which with its many small offshore islands covers a land area of 1,838.1 square kilometres (709.69 square miles). It had a population of 80,674 at the 2010 census and 92,865 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 98,633 (comprising 50,550 males and 48,083 females).

With its isolated geographic location and its linguistic difference from mainland Aceh, Simeulue has not been affected by the turmoil of conflicts in mainland Aceh between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM, Acehnese: Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka / Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka). There has been no major GAM activity on the island.
Maschsee
The Masch Lake (German: Maschsee) is an artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover, the capital of Lower Saxony, Germany. Covering an area of 78 hectares (190 acres), it is the largest body of water within Hanover and a popular recreation area as well as venue for numerous water sports.

Alexander Calder
Alexander "Sandy" Calder (/ˈkɔːldər/; July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor known both for his innovative mobiles (kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabiles", and his monumental public sculptures. Calder preferred not to analyze his work, saying, "Theories may be all very well for the artist himself, but they shouldn't be broadcast to other people." His father, Alexander Stirling Calder, and grandfather, Alexander Milne Calder, were also sculptors.