hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tiền
The term tiền (chữ Hán: 錢) is used to refer to various currency-related concepts used in Vietnamese history. The name is a cognate with the Chinese qián (錢), a unit of weight called "mace" in English. It can refer to a unit of weight used in precious metal coinages as well as the number of cash coins in a string. The name was also used for different awards, both Chinese-style and Western-style awards given in Vietnam throughout different times of its history.

The word tiền is also the Vietnamese word for the concept of money in general.

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
The Write One
The Write One is a 2023 Philippine television drama romance fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by King Mark Baco, it stars Ruru Madrid and Bianca Umali. It premiered on March 20, 2023, on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on May 25, 2023 with a total of 39 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Minnesela Bridge
The Minnesela Bridge is a historic bridge located in Butte County, South Dakota. Formally known as South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 10-114-395, it passes over Redwater Creek about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southeast of Belle Fourche. It was built in 1917 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 as part of the Historic Bridges in South Dakota Multiple Property Submission. It was one of the earliest concrete bridges constructed in the state. Concrete Engineering Company built multiple concrete bridges in the Rapid City area in the late 1910s, and due to the quality of their construction, many have survived. The bride was built at a cost of $2,588. Its common name is in reference to the nearby site of the ghost town of Minnesela, which sits just a few feet east of the bridge.

Redwater Creek
Redwater Creek is a stream in Butte and Lawrence counties in South Dakota and Crook County, Wyoming in the United States. It is a tributary of the Redwater River.

The creek's name comes from the Sioux Indians of the area, for the color of the river water.
Kenny Rollins
Kenneth Herman Rollins (September 14, 1923 – October 9, 2012) was an American professional basketball player. He competed at the 1948 London Olympics and was a member of the University of Kentucky's "Fabulous Five" who won the 1948 NCAA tournament.  His college career was interrupted by service in the United States Navy during World War II. He was voted to the All-SEC and All-SEC Tourney teams following his junior and senior seasons.

His brother, Phil, played for the University of Louisville and spent 3 seasons in the NBA.

1948 NCAA basketball tournament
The 1948 NCAA basketball tournament involved 8 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. The 10th annual edition of the tournament began on March 19, 1948, and ended with the championship game on March 23, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. A total of 10 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.

Kentucky, coached by Adolph Rupp, won the national title with a 58–42 victory in the final game over Baylor, coached by Bill Henderson. Alex Groza of Kentucky was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.
Dieter Göthe
Dieter Göthe is a retired East German slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (C-2 team: 1959), a silver (C-2 team: 1955) and two bronzes (C-2: 1959, C-2 team: 1957).

1955 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1955 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Tacen, Yugoslavia (now in Slovenia) under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 4th edition. The Mixed C2 event debuted at these championships.
A Pittance of Time
"A Pittance of Time" is a 2002 Canadian folk song by Terry Kelly and produced by Jefter Publishing – SOCAN. Kelly's intent in writing the song was to remind people to observe the two-minute silence on Remembrance Day, after a man in the same shop as him failed to do so.

Terry Kelly (singer)
Terry Kelly, CM (born 1955) is a Canadian country/folk music artist, athlete and professional speaker. Kelly has released six studio albums and charted eleven singles on the RPM Canadian country singles chart. In addition to award nominations from the Juno Awards and the Canadian Country Music Association, Kelly has also won seven East Coast Music Awards. In 2003, Kelly was inducted into the Order of Canada, the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours. He sang the Canadian National Anthem at the Opening Ceremonies for the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver and also sang at the official installation ceremony of the 28th Governor General of Canada (David Lloyd Johnston) in 2010.
QGF-03
The QGF-03 helmet (Chinese: QGF03钢盔) is a combat helmet deployed by the People's Liberation Army in 2005. The helmet, like its predecessor the QGF-02, is made from a Kevlar composite material and replaces older steel helmets such as the GK80 for frontline troops.

Kevlar
Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires. It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components.

Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact, and for mooring lines and other underwater applications.

A similar fiber, Twaron, with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s. Commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is manufactured by Teijin Aramid.
Marianne J. Dyson
Marianne Jakmides Dyson is a writer of non-fiction books, mostly for children, about space science. She grew up in Canton, Ohio, lives in Houston and has worked for NASA.

Her book Space Station Science: Life in Free Fall was a Golden Kite Award winner in the year 2000. Her book "Home on the Moon: Living on a Space Frontier" won the American Institute of Physics Science Communications Award in 2004. The first book she coauthored with Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, Welcome to Mars: Making a Home on the Red Planet, was named a Best STEM book by the National Science Teachers Association.

National Science Teaching Association
The National Science Teaching Association (NSTA), founded in 1944 (as the National Science Teachers Association) and headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, is an association of science teachers in the United States and is the largest organization of science teachers worldwide. NSTA's current membership of roughly 40,000 includes science teachers, science supervisors, administrators, scientists, business and industry representatives, and others involved in and committed to science education.

The Association publishes a professional journal for each level of science teaching; a newspaper, NSTA Reports; and many other educational books and professional publications. Each year NSTA conducts a national conference and a series of area conferences. These events attract over 30,000 attendees annually. The Association serves as an advocate for science educators by keeping its members and the general public informed about national issues and trends in science education.
Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. The procedure involves connecting a branch of the subclavian artery or carotid artery to the pulmonary artery. In modern practice, this procedure is temporarily used to direct blood flow to the lungs and relieve cyanosis while the infant is waiting for corrective or definitive surgery when their heart is larger. The BTT shunt is used in the first step of the three-stage palliation (the Norwood procedure).

Pulmonary atresia
Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close.

In congenital heart defects such as pulmonary atresia, structural abnormalities can include the valves of the heart, and the walls and arteries/veins near the heart muscle. Consequently, blood flow due to the aforementioned structural abnormalities is affected, either by blocking or altering the flow of blood through the human cardiac muscle.
Fátima Báñez
María Fátima Báñez García (born 6 January 1967), better known as Fátima Báñez, is a Spanish politician, economist and jurist. She was Minister of Employment and Social Security from December 2011 until June 2018, when a vote of no-confidence against Mariano Rajoy ousted the government. Since February 2025 is an external member of Iberdrola Energía Internacional, a subsidiary of Iberdrola.

Ministry of Labour (Spain)
The Ministry of Labour and Social Economy (MITES) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for planning and carrying out the government policy on labour relations and social economy.

The MITES is headed by the Minister of Labour, a Cabinet member who is appointed by the Monarch at request of the Prime Minister. The Labour Minister is assisted by five high-ranking officials, the Secretary of State for Migration, the Secretary of State for Social Security, the Secretary of State for Employment, the Secretary General for Immigration and Emigration and the Under Secretary of Labour. The current minister is Yolanda Díaz.
2025 Cali Open
The 2025 Cali Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cali, Colombia between 6 and 12 October 2025.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Black Madonna Shrine and Grottos
38°24′47″N 90°40′58″W﻿ / ﻿38.41293°N 90.68286°W﻿ / 38.41293; -90.68286
The Black Madonna Shrine and Grottos is a Catholic Marian shrine complex located in the unincorporated area south of Pacific, Missouri in the United States. It was constructed beginning in 1938 by Brother Bronislaus Luszcz, a Polish immigrant of the Franciscan order.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Zlataritsa, Blagoevgrad Province
Zlataritsa (Bulgarian: Златарица) is a very remote village in Belitsa Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is located approximately 33 kilometers east from Belitsa and 93 kilometers southeast from Sofia highly in the Rhodope Mountains. As of 2010 it had a population of 133 people. The population is Muslim of pomak origin. There is a reservoir in the area.

Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.
Sava III
Saint Sava III (Serbian: Свети Сава III / Sveti Sava III; died July 16, 1316) was the Archbishop of Serbs from 1309 to 1316. Upon completing his studies, he began as a hegumen in  Hilandar, then became the Bishop of Prizren. During his office as bishop, he worked on the Bogorodica Ljeviška church in Prizren. In 1309 he became the Archbishop. Sava III was an important figure of the development of architecture in Medieval Serbia. Prior to the founding of the Banjska monastery, which Sava III did not survive, King Stefan Milutin consulted with him. In his charters confirming the endowments of King Milutin, he is styled "Archbishop of All Serbian and Maritime Lands". He rebuilt the Church of Saint George in Staro Nagoričane. According to the testimonies of his successor Archbishop Nikodim I, he regularly donated to Hilandar. The Serbian Orthodox Church venerate him as Saint Sava III on July 26 (August 8, Gregorian calendar).

Banjska Monastery
The Banjska Monastery (Albanian: Manastiri i Banjskës; Serbian: Манастир Бањска, romanized: Manastir Banjska, listenⓘ) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in the Banjska village near Zvečan, Kosovo.

The monastery was the site of Banjska attack, an attack carried by Serb militants against Kosovo Police on 24 September 2023.
Didier Breton
Didier Breton (born 1953) was the chief operating officer of Trader Classified Media, one of the world's largest classified advertising companies., division president for infrastructure and systems at Groupe Bull, and an executive at Hewlett-Packard and Valeo. Since 2006 he has been associated with Pamoja Capital, an investment firm.

Groupe Bull
Bull SAS (also known as Groupe Bull, Bull Information Systems, or simply Bull) is a French computer company headquartered in Les Clayes-sous-Bois, in the western suburbs of Paris. The company has also been known at various times as Bull General Electric, Honeywell Bull, CII Honeywell Bull, and Bull HN. Bull was founded in 1931, as H.W. Egli - Bull, to capitalize on the punched card technology patents of Norwegian engineer Fredrik Rosing Bull (1882–1925). After a reorganization in 1933, with new investors coming in, the name was changed to Compagnie des Machines Bull (CMB). Bull has a worldwide presence in more than 100 countries and is particularly active in the defense, finance, health care, manufacturing, public, and telecommunication sectors.
Charles Driebe
Charles James Driebe Jr. (born July 13, 1956) is an American personal manager of musical artists known for managing the Blind Boys of Alabama since 2000. He is also a Grammy-winning record producer, an entertainment attorney, a producer of live performances and concert tours, and a Grammy-nominated songwriter. He is the founder and CEO of Blind Ambition Management Ltd.

Ruthie Foster
Ruthie Cecelia Foster (born February 10, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter of blues and folk music. She mixes a wide palette of American song forms, from gospel and blues to jazz, folk and soul. She has often been compared to Bonnie Raitt and Aretha Franklin. Foster has been nominated for multiple Grammy Awards for Best Blues Album and Best Contemporary Blues Album, and won her first Grammy on February 2, 2025.
Arvo Nuut
Arvo Nuut (13 April 1941 – 1 March 2021) was an Estonian film operator and film producer.

Since 1961 he worked at Tallinnfilm's puppetry department; being 1964-1989 an operator, 1989-1992 a producer. 1992-2013 he was the head and producer of OÜ Nukufilm.

In total he produced 57 animated films.

In 2006 he was awarded the Order of the White Star, V class.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
James Willie (Texas politician)
James Willie of Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia, (5 Jan 1823-1863) was a Texas lawyer, legislator, and attorney general. In 1846, he was elected to represent Washington County in the first Legislature of Texas. He was the principal author of the Texas Penal Code of 1856. He was elected Attorney General of Texas in 1856. He died in Houston in 1863. He was married to Sallie Johnson.

Washington, Georgia
Washington is the county seat of Wilkes County, Georgia, United States. Under its original name, Heard's Fort, it was for a brief time during the American Revolutionary War the Georgia state capital. It is noteworthy as the place where the Confederacy voted to dissolve itself, effectively ending the American Civil War.

As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 3,754.
The city is often referred to as Washington-Wilkes, to distinguish it from other places named Washington.
Roman Road, Cambridgeshire
The Roman Road in Cambridgeshire, also known as Worsted Street Roman Road, is a 12.4-hectare (31-acre) linear biological Site of Special Scientific Interest stretching from south-east of Cambridge to north of Linton. It is also a Scheduled Monument, and is maintained by Cambridgeshire County Council.

This green lane has calcareous grassland, thick hedges and small copses, which provide a valuable habitat for invertebrates. There are grasses such as sheep’s-fescue and quaking-grass, while herbs include wild carrot and purple milk-vetch.

The date of the road is uncertain, but archaeological excavation has confirmed that it is Roman, and probably constructed later than the first century. It was a local road connecting Cambridge to the Icknield Way.

The road is a public footpath and part of the E2 European long distance path.

Daucus carota
Daucus carota, whose common names include wild carrot, European wild carrot, bird's nest, bishop's lace, carrot flower, and Queen Anne's lace (North America), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to temperate regions of the Old World with a number of regional subspecies, and is naturalised widely elsewhere. Carrots cultivated as a food crop are cultivars of the domesticated subspecies Daucus carota subsp. sativus.
Neopterin
Neopterin is an organic compound belonging to the pteridine class of heterocyclic compounds.

Neopterin belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. It is synthesised by human macrophages upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma and is indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status. Neopterin serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation. In humans neopterin follows a circadian (daily) and circaseptan (weekly) rhythm.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
British Rail 11104
British Railways' 11104 was a 'Planet' Type 4w diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive built by F. C. Hibberd & Co Ltd in 1950. It was acquired by British Railways and given the running number 11104, but was later transferred to departmental use at the West Hartlepool Permanent Way Depot in 1953 and following this was renumbered 52. In 1965, it was transferred to the Southern Region of British Railways where it remained until it was withdrawn in March 1967. It was later scrapped by John Cashmore Ltd in Newport.

It used an 0-4-0DM/4wDM wheel configuration and was powered by an English National Type DA4 4-cylinder engine producing 52 hp (39 kW). This engine drove a 3-speed mechanical spur-type gearbox which drove the wheels via a roller chain final drive. The final power output at rail was 39 hp (29 kW).

Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.