hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 1500 m
The women's 1500 meter at the 2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Friday 9 November 2012. Although this tournament was held in 2012, it was part of the 2012–2013 speed skating season.

There were 24 participants.

Title holder was Ireen Wüst.

There was a qualification selection incentive for the next following 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.

2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2012–2013, was a series of international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 16 November 2012 in Heerenveen, Netherlands, and ended with the final on 10 March 2013, also in Heerenveen. In total, nine competition weekends were held at eight different locations, twelve cups were contested (six for men, and six for women), and 82 races took place.

This season world cup points was awarded in the mass start event. Additionally, the team sprint was contested as a demonstration event at both Heerenveen competitions. The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
Jirón Puno
Jirón Puno is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It starts in the Jirón de la Unión and continues until it reaches Jirón Lorenzo de Vidaurre in Barrios Altos. It is continued by Jirón Moquegua to the west.

Barrios Altos
Barrios Altos is a neighbourhood which forms the eastern part of Lima District, part of the historic centre of the Peruvian city of Lima. It owes its name to the fact that, topographically, it is higher than the rest of the old part of the City, due to the elevation of the land that exists towards the Andes mountain range, which is evident in its streets to this day.

Despite its historical significance, the neighbourhood, in comparison to the Cercado de Lima, is in poor shape, as many buildings' façades are not maintained and the collapse of buildings in the area results in the terrains becoming abandoned instead of rebuilt. As a result, a project targeting the area has been announced by PROLIMA, the entity in charge of the project under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and the Municipality of Lima.
Wilhelm Heitmüller
Wilhelm Heitmüller (3 August 1869 – 29 January 1926) was a German Protestant theologian, born in Döteberg, presently a division in the town of Seelze.

Following completion of theological studies, he attended the minister's seminary at Loccum. In 1902 he received his habilitation at Göttingen, and in 1908 became a professor of New Testament studies at the University of Marburg. Later on, he was appointed professor at the universities of Bonn (1920) and Tübingen (1924). He died, aged 56, in Tübingen.

Heitmüller was a prominent member of the Religionsgeschichtliche Schule (History of religions school). Along with Wilhelm Bousset (1865–1920), he was editor of the journal Theologische Rundschau.

Seelze
Seelze (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːltsə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leine, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Hanover. Today Seelze mainly plays the role of a bedroom town for commuters working in Hanover.
Convict crisis
The Convict crisis, also known as the "Anti-convict demonstrations" or "Anti-convict agitation" or "Cape Town anti-convict petition", was a period of civil unrest and protesting, lasting from 4 July 1849 to February 1850, in the Cape Colony. It was caused by the prospect of the British authorities making the Cape Colony a penal colony and was triggered by the arrival off the coast of Cape Town of a ship, The Neptune, carrying 288 ticket-of-leave convicts from Ireland. The event was important in forming a distinct political identity in the Cape and strengthening the movement for self government.

Ticket of leave
A ticket of leave was a document of parole issued to convicts who had shown they could now be trusted with some freedoms. Originally the ticket was issued in Britain and later adapted by the United States, Canada, and Ireland.
Boar's Head Carol
The "Boar's Head Carol" (Roud 22229) is a macaronic 15th century English Christmas carol that describes serving a boar's head at a Boar's Head Feast during Yuletide. Of the several extant versions of the carol, the one most usually performed today is based on a version published in 1521 in Wynkyn de Worde's Christmasse Carolles. A modern choral arrangement by Elizabeth Poston (1960) included in Carols for Choirs 1 is also widely performed.

Wynkyn de Worde
Wynkyn de Worde (/ˈwɪŋkɪn də ˈwɜːrd/; died 1534, London) was a printer and publisher in London known for his work with William Caxton, and is recognised as the first to popularise the products of the printing press in England.
Dhadhela
'Dhandhela' is a village in northern Rajasthan state in western India, located 60 km from Hanumangarh.Prior to independence, it was located in the kingdom of Bikaner and its nearest railway station is Nohar on Sri Ganganagar–Jaipur Railway Line.

The village is located in the extreme northern fringes of Thar Desert in Rajasthan.

The village has an agrarian economy.

Hanumangarh
Hanumangarh is a city and municipal council in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar, located about 400 km from Delhi. Hanumangarh is the administrative headquarter of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner (alternatively spelled Bhatnair) because it was founded by king Bhupat in 255 AD. It remained in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati clan and faced a historic siege by Timur in 1391, during which the Bhati Raput king Dulachand lost the fort for a short time. The fort was later occupied by Rao Jetsa of Bikaner.
Reteplase
Reteplase, trade names include Retavase, is a thrombolytic drug, used to treat heart attacks by breaking up the clots that cause them.

Reteplase is a recombinant non-glycosylated form of human tissue plasminogen activator, which has been modified to contain 357 of the 527 amino acids of the original protein. It is produced in the bacterium Escherichia coli.
Reteplase was approved for use in 1996.

Reteplase is similar to recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase), but the modifications give reteplase a longer half-life of 13–16 minutes.  Reteplase also binds fibrin with lower affinity than alteplase, improving its ability to penetrate into clots.

As reteplase  is able to penetrate inside the thrombi, an enhanced fibrinolytic activity will be achieved → rapid reperfusion → low incidence of bleeding.

Fibrin
Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen, which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin, together with platelets, forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site.

When the lining of a blood vessel is broken, platelets are attracted, forming a platelet plug. These platelets have thrombin receptors on their surfaces that bind serum thrombin molecules, which in turn convert soluble fibrinogen in the serum into fibrin at the wound site. Fibrin forms long strands of tough insoluble protein that are bound to the platelets. Factor XIII completes the cross-linking of fibrin so that it hardens and contracts. The cross-linked fibrin forms a mesh atop the platelet plug that completes the clot. Fibrin was discovered by Marcello Malpighi in 1666.
Grace L. Drake
Grace L. Drake (née Driscoll; May 25, 1926 – December 30, 2020) was an American politician, member of the Ohio Senate, serving the 22nd district from 1984 to 2000. Her district encompassed the eastern/southern portion of Cuyahoga County and all of Medina and Wayne Counties. In 2000 she faced term limits and was succeeded by Ron Amstutz.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
Apsley, Tasmania
Apsley is a rural locality in the local government areas of Central Highlands and Southern Midlands in the Central region of Tasmania. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the town of Oatlands, and is 59 kilometres north-east of Tasmania's capital, Hobart. The 2021 census recorded a population of 44 for Apsley.

Southern Midlands Council
Southern Midlands is a local government body in Tasmania, covering the southern region of the Tasmanian central midlands. Southern Midlands is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,118, the major localities of the region include Campania, Kempton, Mangalore and the principal town of Oatlands.
KXXY-FM
KXXY-FM (96.1 MHz, "96.1 KXY") is a commercial radio station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  It airs a classic country radio format.  In its logo, the station omits one of the two Xs in its call sign, calling itself "KXY".

KXXY-FM's studios and offices were located in the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side, in early 2022 iHeartMedia Oklahoma City moved KXXY-FM along with sister stations KGHM, KTOK, KJYO, KTST, KREF-FM, to new state of the art studios located at 6525 N Meridian Ave further up the road on the Northwest side just a few miles west from their former studio home in the 50 Penn Place building. The transmitter is off NE 122nd Street in Oklahoma City, near the John Kilpatrick Turnpike.

Logo
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; from Ancient Greek  λόγος (lógos) 'word, speech' and  τύπος (túpos) 'mark, imprint') is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a wordmark.

In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.
Gugu Mtshali
Gugu Flora Mtshali (born 11 November 1975) is a South African politician who has represented the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature since 2019. She was elected in the 2019 general election, ranked sixth on the EFF's provincial party list.

KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
The KwaZulu-Natal Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is unicameral in its composition and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the leading party or coalition members in the parliament. Thami Ntuli of the Inkatha Freedom Party was elected Premier of KwaZulu-Natal at the first sitting of the provincial legislature on 14 June 2024.
ISO 639:gsw
The ISO 639-3 code gsw refers to the Alemannic varieties:

Alsatian, Alemannic dialects spoken in most of Alsace

Swiss German, Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and some Alpine communities in Northern Italy

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
HMS Narcissus
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Narcissus after the Narcissus of mythology, or after the Narcissi flowers.

HMS Narcissus (1781) was a 20-gun post ship launched in 1781 and wrecked in 1796.

HMS Narcissus (1801) was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1801, converted to a convict ship after 1823, and sold 1837.

A 28-gun sixth-rate Narcissus of 601 tons was ordered in 1846 but cancelled in 1848.

A 50-gun fourth-rate Narcissus of 1,996 tons was ordered in 1849 and cancelled in 1857.

HMS Narcissus (1859) was a wooden-hulled screw frigate in service from 1859 to 1883.

HMS Narcissus (1886) was an armoured cruiser launched in 1886 and sold in 1906.

HMS Narcissus (1915) was an Acacia-class sloop in use from 1915 to 1922.

HMS Narcissus (1941) was a Flower-class corvette launched in 1941 and sold 1946.

HMS Narcissus (1886)
HMS Narcissus was one of seven Orlando-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1880s.  Future Admiral Ernest Gaunt served aboard her in 1896 as First Lieutenant. She was sold for scrapping on 11 September 1906.
His Double Life
His Double Life is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy drama film directed by Broadway theatrical impresario and first time film director Arthur Hopkins with directorial input from the experienced William C. deMille, Cecil's older brother. It stars Roland Young and Lillian Gish.

It had been filmed before in 1921 in the silent era as The Great Adventure with Lionel Barrymore, and was remade again in 1943 as Holy Matrimony with Monty Woolley. The story had also been adapted previously in Britain in 1915 by Laurence Trimble.

It is preserved at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., and is available on DVD. This film is now in public domain (in the USA).

Lionel Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore (born Lionel Herbert Blyth; April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen and radio as well as a film director. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931) and is known to modern audiences for the role of villainous Mr. Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.

He is also particularly remembered as Ebenezer Scrooge in annual broadcasts of A Christmas Carol during his last two decades. He is also known for playing Dr. Leonard Gillespie in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's nine Dr. Kildare films, a role he reprised in a further six films focusing solely on Gillespie and in a radio series titled The Story of Dr. Kildare. He was a member of the theatrical Barrymore family.
Wadi Ara
Wadi Ara (Arabic: وادي عارة; Hebrew: ואדי עארה) or Nahal 'Iron (Hebrew: נחל עירון), is a valley and its surrounding area in Israel populated mainly by Arab Israelis. The area is also known as the "Northern Triangle".

Wadi Ara is located northwest of the Green Line, in the Haifa District. Highway 65 runs through the wadi. The ancient town of biblical fame, Megiddo, known from Revelation 16:16 as Armageddon, used to guard its northern exit during much of the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Revelation 16
Revelation 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter describes the seven bowls, vials or phials of God's wrath, poured out on the wicked and the followers of the Antichrist after the sounding of the seven trumpets, on the command of "a loud voice from the temple" heard by the author.
SOCS2
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS2 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein encoded by this gene is found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and thus is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. Knockout studies in mice also suggested a regulatory role of this gene in IGF-1 related growth control.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. The pharmaceutical analogs of naturally occurring GM-CSF are called sargramostim and molgramostim.

Unlike granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which specifically promotes neutrophil proliferation and maturation, GM-CSF affects more cell types, especially macrophages and eosinophils.
Cedar Creek (Indiana)
Cedar Creek (from Potawatomi: mskwawak-zibə) is the largest tributary of the St. Joseph River, draining 174,780 acres (707.3 km2) in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains of northeastern Indiana.  It is 31.9 miles (51.3 km) long, rising in northwestern DeKalb County and joining the St. Joseph just below the Cedarville Dam in Allen County.

Corn Belt
The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States and part of the Southern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. In North America, corn is the common word for maize. More generally, the concept of the Corn Belt connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture, though it stretches down into the South as well reaching into Kentucky.
WQSI
WQSI (93.9 FM, "FM Talk 93.9") is an American radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Union Springs, Alabama, the station serves the Auburn, Alabama, area. The station is currently owned by Tiger Communications, Inc.

On May 4, 2020, WQSI and its talk format moved to 93.9 FM Union Springs, swapping frequencies with alternative rock-formatted WTGZ.

Auburn, Alabama
Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama. The population was 76,143 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area. The Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA with a 2020 population of 193,773, along with the Columbus, GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee, Alabama, comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL CSA, a region home to 563,967 residents as of 2020.

Auburn is a historic college town and home to Auburn University, the highest academically ranked university in the state. It is Alabama's fastest-growing metropolitan area and the 19th-fastest-growing metro area in the United States as measured since 1990. U.S. News ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in the United States for the year 2009. The city's unofficial nickname is "The Loveliest Village on the Plains", taken from a line in the poem The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith: "Sweet Auburn! Loveliest village of the plain..."
Classification of sleep disorders
Classification of sleep disorders comprises systems for classifying medical disorders associated with sleep. Systems have changed, increasingly using technological discoveries to advance the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders.

Three systems of classification are in use worldwide: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). The ICD and DSM lump different disorders together, while the ICSD tends to split related disorders into multiple discrete categories. There has, over the last 60 years, occurred a slow confluence of the three systems of classification. The validity and reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine.

American Academy of Sleep Medicine
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) is a United States professional society for the medical subspecialty of sleep medicine which includes disorders of circadian rhythms. It was established in 1975.

The organization's functions include the accreditation of sleep medicine facilities in the United States. According to the AASM, the organization issued its first accreditation to a sleep disorders center in 1977 (April 27, Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, New York), and by 2024 had accredited more than 2,300 sleep facilities across the U.S, Canada, and U.S. territories.
Parsonage Colliery
Parsonage Colliery was a coal mine operating on the Lancashire Coalfield in Leigh, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. The colliery, close to the centre of Leigh and the Bolton and Leigh Railway was sunk between 1913 and 1920 by the Wigan Coal and Iron Company and the first coal was wound to the surface in 1921. For many years its shafts to the Arley mine were the deepest in the country. The pit was close to the town centre and large pillars of coal were left under the parish church and the town's large cotton mills.

Bolton and Leigh Railway
The Bolton and Leigh Railway (B&LR) was the first public railway in Lancashire. It opened for goods on 1 August 1828, and thus preceded the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) by two years. Passengers were carried from 1831. The railway operated independently until 1845 when it became part of the Grand Junction Railway.
Igram van Achelen
Igram van Achelen (1528 – 18 October 1604) was a Dutch statesman.

Van Achelen studied law in Deventer, Leiden and Leuven. In 1561 he married the niece of president Viglius van Aytta. In 1550 he was nominated member of the Frisian Regional Council by Charles V. In 1570 he became president of the Frisian State Council.

A memorial column from 1574 expresses the gratitude of the province for the construction of the dikes after the great floods of 1570. Later, when the Council announced a decree deseating Don John of Austria, he was suspected to take side for the latter. Van Achelen was incarcerated and released soon thereafter. He redeemed himself only eight years later, when he was awarded the knightly insignia. He became a member of the Privy Council of the Habsburg Netherlands, then on 18 August 1598 president of the Great Council of Mechelen.

Privy Council of the Habsburg Netherlands
The Privy Council or Secret Council (Dutch: Geheime Raad, French: Conseil Privé) was one of the highest government institutions of the Habsburg Netherlands. Based in Brussels, it was particularly charged with legal and administrative questions.
Vera Chuvashova
Vera Chuvashova (Russian: Вера Чувашова; born 7 October 1959) is a Russian former middle-distance runner who competed in the 1500 metres. She set personal bests of 1:58.12 minutes for the 800 metres and 4:05.73 minutes for the 1500 m. She represented Russia at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics.

Chuvashova was twice national champion at the Soviet Indoor Athletics Championships, winning over 800 m in 1986 and in the 1000 metres in 1990. She was runner-up to Derartu Tulu in the 3000 metres at the 1992 IAAF World Cup. She topped the field in the 1500 m at the 1993 European Cup.

1993 World Championships in Athletics
The 4th World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 1993), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held in the Neckarstadium, Stuttgart, Germany between 13 and 22 August with the participation of 187 nations. Having originally being held every four years in 1983, 1987 and 1991, these championships began a two-year cycle between events.