hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cofinality
In mathematics, especially in order theory, the cofinality cf(A) of a partially ordered set A is the least of the cardinalities of the cofinal subsets of A. Formally,

This definition of cofinality relies on the axiom of choice, as it uses the fact that every non-empty set of cardinal numbers has a least member. The cofinality of a partially ordered set A can alternatively be defined as the least ordinal x such that there is a function from x to A with cofinal image. This second definition makes sense without the axiom of choice. If the axiom of choice is assumed, as will be the case in the rest of this article, then the two definitions are equivalent.

Cofinality can be similarly defined for a directed set and is used to generalize the notion of a subsequence in a net.

Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, for a function , the image is a relation between inputs and outputs, used in three related ways:

The image of an input value  is the single output value produced by  when passed  . The preimage of an output value  is the set of input values that produce .

More generally, evaluating  at each element of a given subset  of its domain  produces a set, called the "image of  under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset  of the codomain  is the set of all elements of  that map to a member of

The image of the function  is the set of all output values it may produce, that is, the image of . The preimage of  is the preimage of the codomain . Because it always equals  (the domain of ), it is rarely used.

Image and inverse image may also be defined for general binary relations, not just functions.
Centre Municipal Airport
Centre Municipal Airport (FAA LID: C22) is a city-owned, public-use airport located three nautical miles (4 mi, 6 km) east of the central business district of Centre, a city in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. It is owned by the City of Centre.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 and 2009–2013, both of which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

This airport has been closed.

Cherokee County, Alabama
Cherokee County, Alabama is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,971. Its county seat is Centre. The county is named for the Cherokee tribe.
Appomattox Iron Works
Appomattox Iron Works is a historic iron foundry complex located at Petersburg, Virginia. The complex consists of nine buildings: the machine shop, the mill store, the supply room, the pipe shop, the carpenter's shop and pattern shop, the core room, the foundry building, the blacksmith's shop, and the ruins of a stable. The machine shop at 28 Old Street is the oldest structure in the complex. It was built between 1810 and 1825, and is a three-story, four-bay, Federal style brick building. The Appomattox Iron Works operated at this location from 1899 until 1972.

The complex was designated a Virginia State Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Petersburg Old Town Historic District.

Virginia Landmarks Register
The Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) is a list of historic properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The state's official list of important historic sites, it was created in 1965, by the General Assembly in the Code of Virginia. The Register serves the same purpose as the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination form for any Virginia site listed on the VLR is sent forward to the National Park Service for consideration for listing on the National Register.

The Virginia Landmarks Register is maintained by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
Planet Muscle
Planet Muscle was an American bodybuilding and fitness magazine, established by Jeff Everson in 2002. It also had a German website. It was ranked as amongst the top bodybuilding magazines and was published six times a year. It was formerly published on a quarterly basis.

Planet Muscle folded in 2014.

Physical fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan.

Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles, physical fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, to improve immune system function, and to meet emergency situations.
Patagornis
Patagornis is a genus of extinct flightless predatory birds of the family Phorusrhacidae. Known as "terror birds", these lived in what is now Argentina during the Early and Middle Miocene; the Santa Cruz Formation in Patagonia contains numerous specimens. Patagornis was an agile, medium sized Patagornithine and was likely a pursuit predator.

Florentino Ameghino
Florentino Ameghino (born Giovanni Battista Fiorino Giuseppe Ameghino; September 19, 1853 –  August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especially on Patagonia, rank with those made in the western United States during the late 19th century. Along with his two brothers – Carlos and Juan – Florentino Ameghino was one of the most important founding figures in South American paleontology.

From 1887 until his death, Ameghino was passionately devoted to the study of fossil mammals from Patagonia, with the valuable support of his brother Carlos Ameghino (1865–1936) who, between 1887 and 1902, made 14 trips to that region, where he discovered and collected numerous fossil faunas and made important stratigraphic observations.
All for Nothing (song)
"All for Nothing" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park featuring American guitarist and singer Page Hamilton of alternative metal band Helmet from their sixth studio album, The Hunting Party. The song appears on the album as the second track. It has entered the UK Rock chart at number 23, although it hasn't been released as a single. The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and lead guitarist Brad Delson. The song is featured in the video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2015. The song was not performed by the band during the album's accompanying The Hunting Party Tour, and would not see a live debut until the From Zero World Tour in 2024.

Pro Evolution Soccer 2015
Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 (abbreviated as PES 2015 and known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2015 in Japan) is a football simulation game developed by PES Productions and published by Konami for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It is the fourteenth edition of the Pro Evolution Soccer series. The cover of the game features Mario Götze of Bayern Munich (except for the Japanese version, whose cover art features Keisuke Honda of A.C. Milan). In this game, the slogan used was The Pitch is Ours for the first time. PES 2015 was followed by Pro Evolution Soccer 2016.
Middle of Nowhere (song)
"Middle of Nowhere" is a song by Canadian indie rock band Hot Hot Heat and is taken from their second album, Elevator. The song was released in the UK and US as the second single from Elevator on July 18, 2005.

The song reached No. 23 on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart, as well as reaching a peak of No. 47 in the UK Singles Chart. The music video was directed by Marc Webb.

This song was featured in USA's show, Psych, in the tenth episode of season 1, entitled "From Earth to Starbucks". This song was also featured in The CW show, One Tree Hill, in episode 21 of season 3, entitled "Over the Hills and Far Away".

Marc Webb
Marc Preston Webb (born August 31, 1974) is an American filmmaker and music video director. He made his feature film directorial debut in 2009 with the romantic comedy (500) Days of Summer.  He then directed The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), which later were dubbed the "Webb-Verse" by Marvel Studios in 2021. He also directed the 2017 dramas Gifted and The Only Living Boy in New York and the Disney live-action remake of Snow White (2025). His next planned film is Day Drinker.
Fukui Railway
Fukui Railway (福井鉄道株式会社, Fukui Tetsudō Kabushikigaisha) is a bus and railway company located in Echizen, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It owns and operates the Fukubu Line between Tawaramachi Station in Fukui and Takefu-shin Station in Echizen.

Namba
Namba (Japanese: 難波, IPA: [namba]) is a district in Chūō and Naniwa wards of Osaka, Japan. It is regarded as the center of Osaka's Minami (ja:ミナミ, "South") region. Its name came from a variation of Naniwa, the former name of Osaka. Namba hosts some of the city's main south-central railway terminals, as JR, Kintetsu, Nankai, Hanshin, and three Osaka Metro subway lines all have stations within this region.
Redland RDF Application Framework
Redland is a set of free software libraries written in C that provide support for the Resource Description Framework (RDF), created by Dave Beckett (a former resident of Redland, Bristol).

The packages that form Redland are:

Redland RDF Application Framework providing the C RDF API

Raptor RDF Parser Toolkit for parsing and serializing RDF syntaxes (RDF/XML, N-Triples, Turtle, RSS tag soup, Atom)

Rasqal RDF Query Library for executing RDF queries with RDQL and SPARQL

Redland Language Bindings for APIs to Redland in C#, Java, Objective-C, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby and Tcl

Redland is a mature set of libraries, in development since 2000 and closely conformant to the relevant W3C specifications.

N-Triples
N-Triples is a format for storing and transmitting data. It is a line-based, plain text serialisation format for RDF (Resource Description Framework) graphs, and a subset of the Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) format. N-Triples should not be confused with Notation3 which is a superset of Turtle. N-Triples was primarily developed by Dave Beckett at the University of Bristol and Art Barstow at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

N-Triples was designed to be a simpler format than Notation3 and Turtle, and therefore easier for software to parse and generate. However, because it lacks some of the shortcuts provided by other RDF serialisations (such as CURIEs and nested resources, which are provided by both RDF/XML and Turtle) it can be onerous to type out large amounts of data by hand, and difficult to read.
İnci Ece Öztürk
İnci Ece Öztürk (born 22 March 1997) is a Turkish bocce player. She competes for the French club Rives de Saône.

Her career achievements include: two gold, four silver and two bronze medals at the World Championships; one gold at the World Cup; two gold, one silver and six bronze medals at the European Championships; two gold medals at the Mediterranean Games; and one gold medal at the Islamic Solidarity Games.

Bocce
Bocce (/ˈbɒtʃi/ ⓘ, or /ˈbɒtʃeɪ/, Italian: [ˈbɔttʃe]), sometimes anglicized as bocce ball, bocci, or boccie, is a ball sport belonging to the boules family of games. Developed into its present form in Italy, it is closely related to English bowls and French pétanque, with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire. Bocce is played around Western, Southern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as in overseas areas with historical Italian immigrant population, including Australia, North and South America, principally Argentina and the southern Brazilian states of  Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Initially only played by Italian immigrants, the game has slowly gained popularity among descendant generations and outside the Italian diaspora.
Andriivka, Mykhailivka rural hromada, Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast
Andriivka (Ukrainian: Андріївка) is a village in the Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Mykhailivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Andriivka was previously located in Mashivka Raion until it was abolished and its territory was merged into Poltava Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
Ottis Toole
Ottis Elwood Toole (March 5, 1947 – September 15, 1996) was an American serial killer who was convicted of six counts of murder. Like his companion Henry Lee Lucas, Toole made confessions which resulted in murder convictions, and which he later recanted. The discrediting of the case against Lucas for crimes for which Toole had offered corroborating statements created doubts as to whether either was a genuine serial killer or, as Hugh Aynesworth suggested, both were merely compliant interviewees whom police used to clear unsolved murders from the books.

Toole received two death sentences, but on appeal, they were commuted to life imprisonment. He died in his cell from cirrhosis, at age 49. Police attributed the 1981 murder of Adam Walsh to Toole on the basis of recanted statements. Lucas had backed Toole's confession to the Walsh murder, claiming that he had been in possession of the victim's severed head, though Lucas had a reputation for false confessions.

Hugh Aynesworth
Hugh Grant Aynesworth (/ˈeɪnzwɜːrθ/; August 2, 1931 – December 23, 2023) was an American journalist, investigative reporter, author, and teacher. Aynesworth was reported to have witnessed the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, the capture and arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald at the Texas Theatre, and the shooting of Oswald by Jack Ruby in the basement of the Dallas Police Headquarters. In a 1976 Texas Monthly article, William Broyles Jr. described Aynesworth as "one of the most respected authorities on the assassination of John F. Kennedy".
A. Thomas Doyle
Andrew Thomas Doyle (September 23, 1917 – July 22, 1989) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer known for his success with young horses. He was reported as both "Tommy Doyle" and "A. T. Doyle."

A native of Dublin, Ireland, Tommy Doyle came from a family with a long history in the sport of horse racing. He emigrated to the United States in 1951 and made his way to California where he eventually owned a ranch in Bradbury on which he raised and trained horses.

Widely respected for his ability to work with young horses, two-year-old fillies trained by Tommy Doyle won the Junior Miss and Del Mar Debutante Stakes a combined thirteen times. Among his best-known horses, Doyle trained Typecast to the 1972 American Champion Older Female Horse title and in 1975 conditioned Avatar to wins in the Santa Anita Derby and the third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown, the Belmont Stakes.

Tommy Doyle died from Alzheimer's disease at age 71 in 1989.

Santa Anita Derby
The Santa Anita Derby is an American Grade 1 thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds run each April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. It is currently run at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles on the dirt and carries a purse of US$500,000. It is one of the final prep races on the official Road to the Kentucky Derby.
Galičnik Wedding Festival
The Galičnik Wedding Festival (Macedonian: Галичка свадба, romanized: Galička svadba) is an annual festival held in the village of Galičnik (North Macedonia) near the city of Debar in which a selected couple gets married in the traditional "Galička" style wedding. Traditionally the wedding lasted for 5 days with the main activities on St. Peter and Paul's Day (12 July) every year. It was the only period of the year when couples got married. Today it is part of the festival "Galičko Leto" (Galičnik Summer) and it is a two-day event held on the weekend nearest to 12 July and it serves as a cultural and tourist attraction.

During the wedding, men dance Teškoto, symbolizing the farewell moments of the local villagers who were leaving their homes to work abroad.

Each year, couples from all over North Macedonia enter a competition run by the organisers to be the couple that gets to have a "Galička" style wedding. Every year, a new couple gets the opportunity.

Debar
Debar (Macedonian: Дебaр [ˈdɛbar] ⓘ; Albanian: Dibër, Albanian definite form: Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar. It is the seat of Debar Municipality. Debar has an ethnic Albanian majority and is North Macedonia's only city where ethnic Macedonians do not rank first or second demographically. The official languages are Macedonian and Albanian.
Combat of Turbigo
The combat of Turbigo was a military engagement of the War of the Second Coalition that took place on 31 May 1800 (11 Prairial VIII) in Turbigo between Austrian and French forces, the latter coming from Piedmont after crossing the Alps.

Turbigo
Turbigo (Milanese: Torbigh [turˈbiːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Milan, along the Naviglio Grande canal. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,486 and an area of 8.5 square kilometres (3.3 mi2).

Turbigo borders the following municipalities: Castano Primo, Cameri, Robecchetto con Induno, Galliate. It is the birthplace of naturalist Giuseppe Gené.

It is home to a medieval castle, known from the 9th century and perhaps built around a Roman tower, and to  church of Santi Cosma e Damiano (1639–40). Also from the 17th century is a bridge over the Naviglio Grande.

On 3 June 1859, Turbigo was the site of the Battle of Turbigo, a battle of the Second Italian War of Independence.  Franco-Piedmontese troops crossed the Ticino via a pontoon bridge to occupy the town. The battle is commemorated in the name of rue de Turbigo, a Paris street.

Turbigo is a member of Cittaslow.
Red Chillies (film)
Red Chillies is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film directed by Shaji Kailas and written by A. K. Sajan, starring Mohanlal in the lead role. It was produced by M. Renjith under Rajaputhra Visual Media and distributed by Vaishaka Release. The film also stars Thilakan, Biju Menon, Siddique and Vijayaraghavan. Red Chillies was released in India on 14 February 2009 on Valentine's Day. The film was a moderate success at the box office.

Vijayaraghavan
Narayanapillai Vijayaraghavan (born 12 January 1950), known mononymously as Vijayaraghavan, is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema. He is known for his character roles. He is the son of drama and cinema artist N. N. Pillai.
Gandhwari
Gandhwari is a village located in Madhubani District, Bihar, India. It belongs to the Madhubani Vidhan Sabha constituency.

An important festival in the town is the Durga Puja, held there since independence.

The local language is Maithili. Main occupation here is fishing, Mithila painting and animal husbandry.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Billy Kiernan
William E. Kiernan (22 May 1925 – 3 April 2006) was an English footballer.

Kiernan began his career with Charlton Athletic when Jimmy Seed signed him as an amateur in 1943. However, he made no impact at the club and following his release he joined the Royal Ulster Rifles. He served in India and Hong Kong and whilst stationed in the latter played for Hong Kong where his performances caught the eye of Charlton again. A versatile midfielder, Kiernan established himself as a Charlton regular for most of his career and became the club's sixth highest scorer of all time. He also featured for the London XI that took part in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

He finally left Charlton in 1961 and continued in non-league football for another two years with Guildford City before retiring. Kiernan had worked as an accountant during his playing days and continued in this role after leaving football, as well as becoming an antiques dealer in Tunbridge Wells. He died in April 2006.

Guildford City F.C.
Guildford City Football Club (formerly Guildford United and AFC Guildford) is a football club based in Guildford, Surrey, England. The club was established in 1921, folded in 1974 and was reformed in 1996. Guildford City play in the Combined Counties League Premier Division South.
Oui, Oui, Marie
Oui, Oui, Marie is a 1918 song composed by Fred Fisher with lyrics written by Alfred Bryan and Joe McCarthy. It was published by McCarthy & Fisher Inc. The sheet music cover featured an illustration by Andre De Takacs. The song was in the top 20 charts from September 1918 to February 1919 and reached number 10 in December. It was recorded by Arthur Fields, Irving Kaufman, and Rachel Grant & Billy Murray. The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

The cover art for the song featured a woman dressed in a cape with a feathered hat speaking to a soldier.

A cover version was recorded by Chelsea Wolfe for the 2022 American slasher film X. The song’s original version would make an appearance in its prequel Pearl.

Billy Murray (singer)
William Thomas Murray (May 25, 1877 – August 17, 1954) was an American singer and voice actor. He was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early 20th century. While he received star billing in Vaudeville, he was best known for his prolific work in the recording studio, making records for almost every record label of the era. Murray was the best-selling recording artist of the first quarter of the 20th century, selling over 300 million records during the phonograph era.
Eliogabalo
Eliogabalo (Heliogabalus) is an opera by the Italian composer Francesco Cavalli based on the reign and assassination of the debauched teenage Roman emperor Heliogabalus. The author of the original libretto remained anonymous, but it was probably reworked by Aurelio Aureli. The opera was composed in 1667 and was intended to be premiered during the Venetian Carnival season of 1668. In fact, it was not staged in Cavalli's lifetime and was replaced with a revised text by Aureli, in which Eliogabalo repents and lives, and with music by the much younger composer Giovanni Antonio Boretti, perhaps because Cavalli's style was considered too old-fashioned or because the Jesuits, who were regaining power in Venice at the time, were thought likely to oppose putting a story about a regicide on stage.

Dutch National Opera
The Dutch National Opera (DNO; formerly De Nederlandse Opera, now De Nationale Opera in Dutch) is a Dutch opera company based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Its present home base is the Dutch National Opera & Ballet housed in the Stopera building, a modern building designed by Cees Dam and Wilhelm Holzbauer that opened in 1986.

It received the "Opera Company of the Year" award at the 2016 International Opera Awards.