hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Dietel
Paul Dietel (15 February 1860, Greiz – 30 October 1947, Zwickau) was a German mycologist.

He studied mathematics and natural sciences at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin and Göttingen, and afterwards worked as a schoolteacher in Greiz, Leipzig, Reichenbach im Vogtland and Glauchau.

He specialized in research of rust fungi (Uredinales) — from 1887 to 1943 he was the author of 150 scientific papers on rusts. His extensive treatment of rust fungi in Engler and Prantl's Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien was recognized as its definitive account for many years.

In 1897 Paul Christoph Hennings named the genus Dietelia (family Pucciniosiraceae) in his honor.

Karl Anton Eugen Prantl
Karl Anton Eugen Prantl (10 September 1849 – 24 February 1893), also known as Carl Anton Eugen Prantl, was a German botanist.

Prantl was born in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, and studied in Munich. In 1870, he graduated with the dissertation Das Inulin. Ein Beitrag zur Pflanzenphysiologie (The inulin, a contribution to the plant physiology). He worked with Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli and Julius Sachs. From 1887 on, he published Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (The Natural Plant Families) with fellow botanist Adolf Engler, who completed the work in 1915.

In 1877, he became a professor at the forest educational institution at Aschaffenburg, transferring to Breslau University in 1889, where he also became director of the botanical garden there. Prantl worked particularly on Cryptogams.
William Hector McMillan
William Hector McMillan (24 January 1892 – 8 September 1974) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Blenheim, Ontario and became a physician by career.

He was first elected at the Welland riding in a 16 October 1950 by-election, then won successive terms there in the 1953, 1957, 1958, 1962 and 1963 federal elections. McMillan left Parliament in 1965 after completing his term in the 26th Canadian Parliament and did not seek further re-election.

Niagara South (federal electoral district)
Niagara South (French: Niagara-Sud; formerly Niagara Centre) is a federal electoral district in the Niagara Region of Ontario that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1988 and since 1997.

Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding was renamed.
Quebec Autoroute 40
Autoroute 40, officially known as Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal  and Metropolitan Autoroute/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal, is an Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is one of the two major connections between Montreal and Quebec City, the other being Autoroute 20 on the south shore of the St. Lawrence. Autoroute 40 is currently 347 km (215.6 mi) long. Between the Ontario–Quebec boundary and the interchange with Autoroute 25, the route is signed as part of the Trans-Canada Highway.

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿oɡystɛ̃ də demɔʁ]) is a city in central Quebec, Canada, on the Saint Lawrence River, adjacent to Quebec City.

The town was founded in 1691 by three families (Desroches, Racette, Couture). It was merged with Quebec City on January 1, 2002 as part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec and became part of the Laurentien borough of that city. However, after a 2004 referendum it was re-established as a separate city on January 1, 2006.

The local post office was previously named Saint-Augustin-de-Portneuf from 1852, then Saint-Augustin-de-Québec from 1918 until this was renamed to the community's current name in 1986.
WPRS (FM)
WPRS (92.7 FM), known on air as "Praise 92.7 & 95.9" is an urban contemporary gospel formatted radio station licensed to Prince Frederick, Maryland, and serving the southeastern Washington metropolitan area. The station is owned by Urban One.

Urban contemporary gospel
Urban/contemporary gospel, also known as urban gospel music, urban gospel pop, or just simply urban gospel, is a modern subgenre of gospel music. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The radio format is pitched primarily to African-Americans. Christian hip hop can be considered a subtype of this genre.
WTIV
WTIV (1230 AM) is an American radio station, licensed to the community of Titusville, Pennsylvania. WTIV operates at a full-time power of 1,000 watts. Though licensed to Titusville, programming, sales and administrative functions originate out of Meadville, Pennsylvania.

Titusville, Pennsylvania
Titusville is a city in the far eastern corner of Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,262 at the 2020 census. Titusville is known as the birthplace of the American oil industry and for a number of years was the leading oil-producing region in the world. It was also notable for its lumber industry, including 17 sawmills, as well as its plastic and toolmaking industries. It is part of the Meadville micropolitan area.
Swansea University RFC
Swansea University Rugby Football Club is a Welsh amateur rugby union club based at Swansea University, Swansea. It competes in the BUCS Rugby Union Super Rugby League as of the 2021/2022 season. The club has experienced major success, winning the UAU Championship six times and the BUSA Championship twice. Swansea are also the current champions of Wales having won the 2022 Welsh Varsity in the Freshers, Women's and Men's varsity match.

The club was formed in 1920. They currently train at the Sketty Lane 3G rugby pitches, in Swansea.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Vilanova del Camí
Vilanova del Camí (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌbiləˈnɔβə ðəl kəˈmi]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Anoia in Catalonia, 
Spain. The name literally means "New Town of the Route", the route being the road from Igualada to 
Vilafranca del Penedès (now the C-244). It is situated in the centre of the Òdena Basin immediately to the south-east 
of Igualada. The town is served by a station on the FGC  railway line R6 from Barcelona and Martorell to Igualada. There are several sizable industrial parks, serving the entire area.

Vilafranca del Penedès
Vilafranca del Penedès, or simply Vilafranca, is the capital of Alt Penedès county in Penedès, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the Penedès Depression on the left bank of the Foix River, and on the main axis of communication from Barcelona to Tarragona and Valencia, served by a Rodalies Barcelona line 4 and by the AP-7 autopista as well as by the C-243 towards Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, and C-15 (formerly called C-244) roads to Vilanova i la Geltrú and Igualada respectively.
Blue Mountain Wild Forest
The 37,800-acre Blue Mountain Wild Forest is part of the Adirondack Forest Preserve.

It is made of five separate sections of acreage in the central Adirondacks. The communities of Indian Lake, Blue Mountain Lake, Long Lake, and Newcomb are located by or within the Blue Mountain Wild Forest. The terrain varies from gentle around Rock Lake to extremely steep and rugged in the Fishing Brook Range. The 3,759-foot Blue Mountain is located in the wild forest and can be seen for some distance around it. The Blue Mountain Fire Observation Station is also located within the wilderness area. The Northville-Placid Trail has a section that runs 15.2 miles through the Blue Mountain Wild Forest.

Indian Lake, New York
Indian Lake is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 1,352 at the 2010 census. The name is from a lake of the same name that is largely inside the town. There are no permanent stop lights in the town.

The town is on the eastern border of the county and is northeast of Utica.

Indian Lake terms itself the "Moose capital of the Northeast". Their welcoming sign on Route 28 even features this critter, and several other examples of this claim can be found throughout the town itself.
Guntersdorf
Guntersdorf is a market town in the district of Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, Austria. The market town of Guntersdorf has an area of 28.42 km2 and about 1,172 inhabitants.  The current mayor of Guntersdorf, Mag. Roland Weber took over for Günther Bradac in November 2013.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Fluorenol
Fluorenol, also known as hydrafinil, is an alcohol derivative of fluorene. In the most significant isomer, fluoren-9-ol or 9-hydroxyfluorene, the hydroxy group is located on the bridging carbon between the two benzene rings. Hydroxyfluorene can be converted to fluorenone by oxidants. It is a white-cream colored solid at room temperature.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
Giuseppe Colantuono
Giuseppe Colantuono (26 November 1928 – 7 February 2025) was an Italian weightlifter. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
He died on 7 February 2025, at the age of 96.

Weightlifting at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 67.5 kg
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London took place on 10 August at the Empress Hall of the Earls Court Exhibition Centre. It was the sixth time the lightweight class competition was held, all at 67.5 kg.

Each weightlifter had three attempts at each of the three lifts. The best score for each lift was summed to give a total. The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight. If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Little Cataraqui Creek
The Little Cataraqui Creek is a watercourse, much of which is a semi-urban wetland, that empties into Lake Ontario within the municipality of Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Further inland, just north of Highway 401, the creek has been dammed to form a reservoir that is part of the Little Cataraqui Creek Conservation Area.

The adjective "little" distinguishes the creek from the (Greater) Cataraqui River 4.5 kilometers to the east, which forms the beginning of the Rideau Canal.

Depending on the season, the creek is navigable by canoe or other very small craft.

Rideau Canal
The Rideau Canal is a 202-kilometre long canal that links the Ottawa River at Ottawa with the Cataraqui River and Lake Ontario at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Its 46 locks raise boats from the Ottawa River 83 metres (272 feet) upstream along the Rideau River to the Rideau Lakes, and from there drop 50 metres (164 feet) downstream along the Cataraqui River to Kingston.

The Rideau Canal opened in 1832 for commercial shipping. Freight was eventually moved to railways and the St. Lawrence Seaway, but the canal remains in use today for pleasure boating, operated by Parks Canada from May through October. It is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Manik Bagh
22°41′33″N 75°51′23″E﻿ / ﻿22.69250°N 75.85639°E﻿ / 22.69250; 75.85639


Manik Bagh, also spelled Manig Bagh, is a palace of the Holkar Maharaja of Indore State in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The name means "Ruby Garden" or "Gem Garden". It was designed and built by the German architect Eckart Muthesius on behalf of Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II in 1930. On the outside and the inside it was in the Bauhaus and Art Deco style, making it a Gesamtkunstwerk.

Gesamtkunstwerk
A Gesamtkunstwerk (German: [ɡəˈzamtˌkʊnstvɛʁk] ⓘ, 'total work of art', 'ideal work of art', 'universal artwork', 'synthesis of the arts', 'comprehensive artwork', or 'all-embracing art form') is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so. The term is a German loanword accepted in English as a term in aesthetics.
Spun's Gallery
Spun's Gallery, formerly known as Span's Cultural Gallery, is a museum in Bangkok focusing on historical Thai costumes and fashions. It was established by Sapan Thianprasit (Thai: สปัน เธียรประสิทธิ์), a 1950s socialite with a personal interest in fashion. The museum was previously located near Soi 62, Phahonyothin Road in Sai Mai District, but has been moved to a new place inside Charter International School in Prawet District.

Sai Mai district
Sai Mai (Thai: สายไหม, pronounced [sǎːj mǎj]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by (from north clockwise): Lam Luk Ka district of Pathum Thani province; Khlong Sam Wa, Bang Khen and Don Mueang of Bangkok.
Ambalanduwa Grama Niladhari Division
Ambalanduwa Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Panadura Divisional Secretariat  of Kalutara District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 675A.

Ambalanduwa is a surrounded by the Bekkegama, Walana North, Thotawatta and Galthude North  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Grama Niladhari
Grama Niladhari (English: village officer, Sinhala: ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී, romanized: grāma niladhārī, Tamil: கிராம உத்தியோகத்தர், romanized: Kirāma uttiyōkattar) is a Sri Lankan public official appointed by the central government by
the act No.2 of 1993. Grama Niladhari (GN) are entrusted with multifaceted duties and responsibilities under as 46 legislative enactments of Sri Lanka.
The Stepmother (1663 play)
The Stepmother or The Step-Mother is a 1663 tragicomedy by the English writer Robert Stapylton. It was first staged by the Duke's Company, premiering at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre.

The original cast included Samuel Sandford as Sylvanus, Thomas Betterton as Filamor, John Young as Adolph, Cave Underhill as Tetrick, Joseph Price as Fromund, William Smith as Crispus, Matthew Medbourne as Capito, Mary Betterton as Caesarina, Moll Davis as Violinda and Jane Long as Brianella.

Moll Davis
Mary "Moll" Davis (c. 1648 – 1708), also spelt Davies or Davys, was a courtesan and mistress of King Charles II of England. She was an actress and entertainer before and during her role as royal mistress.
New Man (gender stereotype)
The new man or nineties man was a media-created archetype of male behaviour, widely discussed in mass media in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s and 1990s. The new man was typically represented – positively or negatively – as a heterosexual man who combined two principal characteristics: a concern for style and personal grooming with broadly pro-feminist attitudes. From the early 1990s, the concept of the "new lad" emerged in deliberate contrast to the new man; the dominant lad culture of the later 1990s was often explained as a male backlash against the undesirable effeminacy of the new man. Gender-studies academics such as Rosalind Gill have seen the discourse around the new man and the new lad as marking a significant moment of social change, when masculinity was for the first time very widely and openly discussed, rather than being understood as the "invisible, unmarked norm of human existence and experience."

Rosalind Gill
Rosalind Clair Gill FBA (born 1963) is a British sociologist and feminist cultural theorist. She is currently Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis at City, University of London. Gill is author or editor of ten books, and numerous articles and chapters, and her work has been translated into Chinese, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish.
Papa Was a Good Man
"Papa Was a Good Man" is a song written by songwriter Hal Bynum.

Released in September 1971 as a single (Columbia 4-45460, with "I Promise You" on the opposite side) by Johnny Cash, the song reached #16 on U.S. Billboard's country chart and #104 on Billboard's Bubbling Under the Hot 100.

Both "I Promise You" (which is "a promise of devotion to June") and "Papa Was a Good Man" are part of Johnny Cash's 1972 album A Thing Called Love.

A Thing Called Love
A Thing Called Love is the 39th overall album by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1972 (see 1972 in music). The title song, written by Jerry Reed, was released successfully as a single (with "Daddy" as the B-side), reaching No. 2 on the country charts; two more singles charted as well, while the album itself also reached No. 2 on the country album charts. "A Thing Called Love" was re-recorded by Cash for Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series (1988), while "Tear Stained Letter" was reprised on American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). The Canadian pressing of this album has a different version of "Kate" with altered lyrics.
Richard Hamann
Heinrich Richard Hamann (29 May 1879, in Seehausen – 9 January 1961, in Immenstadt im Allgäu) was a German art historian.

He attended the Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen in Magdeburg, and later studied Germanistics, art history and philosophy at the University of Berlin. In 1902 he received his promotion with the dissertation-thesis Das Symbol as a student of Wilhelm Dilthey. In 1911 he obtained his habilitation at Berlin, and subsequently became a professor of art history at Posen Academy. In 1913 he relocated to the University of Marburg, where he founded the Bildarchiv Foto Marburg (photo archives). From 1947 to 1957 he served as a guest professor at the University of Berlin.

Since 2009 the "Richard-Hamann-Preis für Kunstgeschichte" has been awarded for outstanding scientific achievements in the history of art or the promotion of art history research.

German studies
German studies is an academic field that researches, documents and disseminates German language, literature, and culture in its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies therefore often focus on German culture, German history, and German politics in addition to the language and literature component. Approaches to the discipline vary by country. Modern German studies is usually seen as a combination of two sub-disciplines: German linguistics alongside Germanophone literature and cultural studies.

Common names for "German Studies" for the field within German-speaking countries are Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie, and Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft und Literaturwissenschaft. In English, the terms Germanistics or Germanics are sometimes used (mostly by Germans), but the subject is more often referred to as German studies, German language and literature, or German philology. Academics who specialize in German studies are referred to as Germanists.
Greene E. Evans
Greene E. Evans (September 19, 1848 – October 1, 1914)  was a porter, groundskeeper, laborer, deputy wharf-master, city councilman, census enumerator,  mail agent, teacher, and state legislator in Tennessee. He was born in Tennessee, and enslaved early in his life.

He studied at Fisk University in Nashville and lived in Memphis. A Republican, he served in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1885 to 1887. 
 He attended the 1885 World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition in New Orleans as a representative of the General Assembly and was an honored guest.

He was a singer and belonged to a lyceum. He eventually settled in Chicago with his wife and only child, working as a coal dealer.

He lived in Memphis in Shelby County, Tennessee.  He died in Chicago, Illinois.

Fisk University
Fisk University is a private historically black liberal arts college in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre (16 ha) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Fisk is the oldest institution for higher education in Nashville.
German Order
German Order refers to:

German Order (decoration), the highest decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual

Germanenorden (German Order), the völkisch secret society in early 20th-century Germany

Another name for the Teutonic Knights

German Order (distinction)
The German Order (German: Deutscher Orden) was the highest award that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual for services to the "state and party".

Adolf Hitler awarded the first such order posthumously to Reichsminister Fritz Todt during Todt's funeral in February 1942. A second posthumous award of the German Order was given to SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich at his funeral in June that year. Cynics called the award the "dead hero order" as it was almost always awarded posthumously. Of the eleven confirmed recipients, only two survived the war - Konstantin Hierl and Artur Axmann. Its production, public wearing, or distribution is prohibited in the Federal Republic.
Pavel Zhiburtovich
Pavel Zhiburtovich (September 8, 1925, Samara, Russia – February 21, 2006, Moscow) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League. He played for HC CSKA Moscow. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1953.

His older brother Yuri died in a crash, 1950. Pavel replaced him in the team.

1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash
The Sverdlovsk plane crash of 7 January 1950 killed all 19 people on board, including almost the entire ice hockey team (VVS Moscow) of the Soviet Air Forces – 11 players, as well as a team doctor and a masseur. The team was on board a twin-engined Lisunov Li-2 transport aircraft, a licensed Soviet-built version of the DC-3, heading to a match against Dzerzhinets Chelyabinsk. Due to poor weather at Chelyabinsk, the flight diverted to Sverdlovsk. The crew attempted four approaches but during the fifth approach to Koltsovo Airport the aircraft crashed near the airport in a heavy snowstorm with strong winds. (Some sources report the crash date as 5 January 1950.)

Among those killed in the crash was goalkeeper Harijs Mellups.
Boris Mavashev
Boris Mavashev (Hebrew: בוריס מבשב; born 9 May 1939 in Tashkent) is an Israeli seismologist, doctor of geology and ecology, specializing in the geochemical and meteorological precursors of earthquakes.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.