hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
The Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984 (SMMEA) was an Act of Congress intended to improve the marketability of private label mortgage-backed security passthroughs. It is mentioned as a significant contributing factor in the subprime mortgage crisis.

It declared nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) AA-rated mortgage-backed securities to be legal investments equivalent to Treasury securities and other federal government bonds for federally chartered banks (such as federal savings banks, federal savings associations, etc.), state-chartered financial institutions (such as depository banks and insurance companies) unless overridden by state law before October 1991 (of which 21 states did so), and Department of Labor-regulated pension funds.

Pension fund
A pension fund, also known as a superannuation fund in some countries, is any program, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income. The U.S. Government's Social Security Trust Fund, which oversees $2.57 trillion in assets, is the world's largest public pension fund. Pension funds typically have large amounts of money to invest and are the major investors in listed and private companies.  They are especially important to the stock market where large institutional investors dominate.  The largest 300 pension funds collectively hold about USD$6 trillion in assets. In 2012, PricewaterhouseCoopers estimated that pension funds worldwide hold over $33.9 trillion in assets (and were expected to grow to more than $56 trillion by 2020), the largest for any category of institutional investor ahead of mutual funds, insurance companies, currency reserves, sovereign wealth funds, hedge funds, or private equity.
Cognitive activism
Cognitive activism is a type of activism that aims to bring about social change by evolving the way we think about things, often by reframing debates or redefining terms. Frank Luntz and George Lakoff are exemplary cognitive activists, although most activists participate in cognitive activism to some degree.

Frank Luntz
Frank Ian Luntz (born February 23, 1962) is an American political and communications consultant and pollster. His work has included developing talking points and other messaging for Republican causes, assistance with messaging for Newt Gingrich's Contract with America, and public relations support for The Israel Project. He advocated use of vocabulary crafted to produce a desired effect, including use of the term death tax instead of estate tax, and climate change instead of global warming.

Luntz has historically frequently contributed to Fox News and CBS News (and since 2021 on CNN) as a commentator and analyst, as well as running focus groups during and after presidential debates on Fox News and CBS News. Luntz describes his specialty as "testing language and finding words that will help his clients sell their product or turn public opinion on an issue or a candidate." He is also an author of business books dealing with communication strategies and public opinion.
Spiritual Moderns: Twentieth-Century American Artists and Religion
Spiritual Moderns: Twentieth-Century American Artists and Religion is a 2023 book by art historian and American studies scholar Erika Doss, published by the University of Chicago Press. Doss studies the relationship between religion and American modern art through case studies of four twentieth-century American artists—Joseph Cornell, Mark Tobey, Agnes Pelton, and Andy Warhol. Each artist's religious beliefs influenced their modern artistic practices: Cornell with Christian Science, Tobey with the Bahá’í Faith, Pelton with metaphysical movements such as Theosophy, and Warhol with Catholicism. The book analyzes how religious ideas shaped modern art in America and addresses the often overlooked role of spirituality within American modernism. The book was shortlisted for the 2024 Religion and the Arts Book Award from the American Academy of Religion, and was listed one of the best art books of 2023 by Hyperallergic.

American modernism
American modernism, much like the modernism movement in general, is a trend of philosophical thought arising from the widespread changes in culture and society in the age of modernity. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States beginning at the turn of the 20th century, with a core period between World War I and World War II. Like its European counterpart, American modernism stemmed from a rejection of Enlightenment thinking, seeking to better represent reality in a new, more industrialized world.
Dolnja Briga
Dolnja Briga (pronounced [ˈdoːlnja ˈbɾiːɡa]; in older sources also Dolenja Briga, German: Niedertiefenbach) is a settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church was dedicated to Saint Valentine, but only minor ruins remain of the building, which was removed in 1954. Near the center of the village are the ruins of a school, which was used as a base by the Slovene Partisans until 1944.

Municipality of Kočevje
The Municipality of Kočevje (pronounced [kɔˈtʃeːwjɛ]; Slovene: Občina Kočevje) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kočevje. Today it is part of the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. In terms of area, it is the largest municipality in Slovenia. It borders Croatia.
Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl
Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl is a black comedy comic series created by Roman Dirge, inspired by the poem "Lenore" by Edgar Allan Poe. Lenore has appeared in several comic books by Dirge. From 1998 to 2007, she featured in her own series published by Slave Labor Graphics. Twenty-six flash-animated shorts were also produced for Sony's ScreenBlast website in 2002. In July 2009, a new comic series started, now published by Titan Books and called Lenore Volume II. Previous issues were made into colored edition trade paperback called Lenore Volume I, which is separated into three books.

On 31 July 2013, Lenore Volume II #8 was released, marking the start of a plotline that continued for six issues.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
LAZ1
LAZ1 (Thai: ลาซวัน) was a Thai boy band under One Music, a subsidiary of GMM Grammy. All of the band members are winners from the show Laz Icon, Icon Pop Top Debut, who have been signed as artists under One 31 under Exact-Scenario Company Limited, a subsidiary of The One Enterprise. They are considered a sub-unit of the idol group Day One, which is a group of new artists from One 31, more than 30 people.

One Music
One Music (Thai: วัน มิวสิก) it is a record label of The One Enterprise Public Company Limited, a subsidiary of GMM Grammy Public Company Limited. Currently, it produces soundtracks for television dramas on One 31 and produces music for artists under One 31. GMM Music Public Company Limited is the music distributor and the record label executive is Kang - Korn Sirisorn, winner of The Star 10.
2017 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2017 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2017 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the 47th season of the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) GT Championship that traces its lineage to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship. It was the fourth season of the United SportsCar Championship and second under the name as the IMSA SportsCar Championship. It began on 28 January with the 24 Hours of Daytona, and ended on 7 October with the Petit Le Mans.

1971 IMSA GT Championship
The 1971 IMSA GT Series season was the inaugural season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series.  It was for Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes, as well as former Trans Am Series cars in the TO and TU classes.  It began April 18, 1971, and ended November 21, 1971, after six rounds.
Quercus douglasii
Quercus douglasii, known as blue oak, is a species of oak endemic to California, common in the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It is California's most drought-tolerant deciduous oak, and is a dominant species in the blue oak woodland ecosystem. It is occasionally known as mountain oak and iron oak.

Foothills
Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.  Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.
Sphingobacterium ginsenosidimutans
Sphingobacterium ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

Ginseng
Ginseng (/ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/) is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.

Ginseng has been used in the traditional medicine of Korea and China for centuries, although there is no clinical evidence that it has any therapeutic effects. There is no substantial evidence that ginseng is effective for treating any medical condition and it has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent a disease or to provide a health benefit. Although ginseng is sold as a dietary supplement, inconsistent manufacturing practices for supplements have led to analyses of some ginseng products contaminated with unrelated filler compounds, and its excessive use may have adverse effects or untoward interactions with prescription drugs.
Sratsimirovo
Sratsimirovo is a village in northwestern Bulgaria. It is located in Gramada Municipality, Vidin District.

The name is often shortened to Sratsimir or Sracimir (after the railway station serving the village).

Gramada Municipality
Gramada Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Грамада) is a small municipality (obshtina) in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, located in the Danubian Plain about 8 km southwest of Danube river. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Gramada.

The municipality embraces a territory of 184 km2 (71 sq mi) with a population of 2,384 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The easternmost border of the area is linked by the main road E79 which connects the province centre of Vidin with the city of Montana and respectively with the western operating part of Hemus motorway.
History of Raigad district
This article details the history of Raigad district. Raigad District is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the Konkan region. The Kulaba district was renamed after Raigad, the fort which was the former capital of the Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort is surrounded by dense forest in the interior regions of the district, on a west-facing spur of the Western Ghats of Sahyadri range. The name was changed during the regime of Chief Minister A. R. Antulay on 1 January 1981.

Kalachuris of Mahishmati
The Kalachuris of Mahismati, or the Early Kalachuris, were an early medieval Indian dynasty that ruled present-day Maharashtra, as well as parts of  mainland Gujarat and southern Madhya Pradesh. Their capital was located at Mahishmati. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the Ellora and Elephanta cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule.

The origin of the dynasty is uncertain. In the 6th century, the Kalachuris gained control of the territories formerly ruled by the Guptas, the Vakatakas and the Vishnukundinas. Only three Kalachuri kings are known from inscriptional evidence: Shankaragana, Krishnaraja, and Buddharaja. The Kalachuris lost their power to the Chalukyas of Vatapi in the 7th century. One theory connects the later Kalachuri dynasties of Tripuri and Kalyani to the Kalachuris of Mahishmati.
Gauss map
In differential geometry, the Gauss map  of a surface is a function that maps each point in the surface to its normal direction, a unit vector that is orthogonal to the surface at that point. Namely, given a surface X in Euclidean space R3, the Gauss map is a map N: X → S2 (where S2 is the unit sphere) such that  for each p in X, the function value N(p) is a unit vector orthogonal to X at p. The Gauss map is named after Carl F. Gauss.

The Gauss map can be defined (globally) if and only if the surface is orientable, in which case its degree is half the Euler characteristic. The Gauss map can always be defined locally (i.e. on a small piece of the surface). The Jacobian determinant of the Gauss map is equal to Gaussian curvature, and the differential of the Gauss map is called the shape operator.

Gauss first wrote a draft on the topic in 1825 and published in 1827.

There is also a Gauss map for a link, which computes linking number.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Crawford State Park (Kansas)
Crawford State Park is a state park in Crawford County, Kansas, United States, located 9 miles (14 km) north of Girard.

The 500-acre (200 ha) park, resides on a 150-acre (61 ha) lake built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s. There are two recorded archaeological sites within the park's boundaries, including remnants of a 19th-century U.S. military outpost. An interpretive trail connects the park with the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks' Farlington Fish Hatchery, which was built shortly after the CCC completed construction of the lake.

Crawford State Park is known as a fishing destination for channel catfish, crappie, and striped bass. Boating and scuba diving are also popular in the park.

Located on the edge of the Ozarks, Crawford State Park features numerous redbud trees.

Crappie
Crappies (/ˈkrɒpi, ˈkræpi/) are two species of North American freshwater fish of the genus Pomoxis in the family Centrarchidae (sunfishes).  Both species of crappies are popular game fish among recreational anglers.
Cobalt germanide
Cobalt germanide (CoGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of cobalt.

Cubic CoGe crystals (space group P213, cP8, a = 0.4631 nm) can be produced by processing a mixture of Co and Ge powders at a pressure of 4 GPa and a temperature of 800–1000 °C for 1 to 3 hours. They have no inversion center, and are therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities. The cubic CoGe is metastable, and converts into a monoclinic phase upon subsequent heating to 600 °C at ambient pressure.

Cubic CoGe is an antiferromagnet with a transition temperature Tc of 132 K.

Monoclinic crystal system
In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems.  A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic system. They form a parallelogram prism. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular (meet at right angles), while the third pair makes an angle other than 90°.
Tasha & Tracie
Tasha & Tracie is a Brazilian hip hop duo formed by twin sisters Tasha Okereke and Tracie Okereke, who work in art, fashion, activism and music.

Tasha & Tracie unite rap with funk carioca in their songs. In their music, the twins address various topics related to black culture, peripheral living, sex and ostentation; further, they talk about fashion, confidence and self-esteem.

The rise began with the release of the EP Rouff (2019) and consolidated with the EP Directoria (2021). The good repercussion of the album led to an invitation to participate in the albums of Ludmilla, Djonga, Gloria Groove: Vilã (2023), Lady Leste (2022) and O Dono do Lugar (2022), respectively.

Djonga
Gustavo Pereira Marques (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡusˈtavu peˈɾe(j)ɾɐ ˈmaʁkis]; born 4 June 1994), better known by his artistic name Djonga (pronounced [ˈdʒõɡɐ]), is a Brazilian rapper, singer and songwriter. Considered one of the most influential names currently on the Brazilian rap scene, the artist has attracted attention for his direct and strongly worded lyrics with strong social criticisms. He frequently collaborates with producer Coyote Beatz.
Brydges Place
51°30′35.3″N 00°07′34.1″W﻿ / ﻿51.509806°N 0.126139°W﻿ / 51.509806; -0.126139

Brydges Place is an alley between St Martin's Lane and Bedfordbury in the City of Westminster, Greater London, running alongside the Coliseum. It is especially narrow, being just 1 foot 3 inches (0.38 m) wide at one point, and so is commonly claimed to be the narrowest street in London.

In 2019, the alley was used as a filming location for Last Christmas.

Last Christmas (film)
Last Christmas is a 2019 Christmas romantic comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Bryony Kimmings and Emma Thompson, who co-developed the story concept with her husband, Greg Wise. Based on the 1984 song of the same name by Wham!, the film stars Emilia Clarke as a disillusioned Christmas store worker who forms a relationship with a mysterious man (Henry Golding) and begins to fall for him; Thompson and Michelle Yeoh also star.

Last Christmas was theatrically released in the United States on 8 November 2019 and in the United Kingdom on 15 November 2019 by Universal Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances and chemistry of Clarke and Golding, but criticised the screenplay and story. The film grossed $123 million worldwide.
Elise Loehnen
Elise Loehnen is an American writer and the host of the  podcast Pulling the Thread. Her book,  On Our Best Behaviour,  was published in 2023.

In On Our Best Behaviour, Loehnen explores how the seven deadly sins have shaped cultural programming and dictated the way women police themselves and other women. She seeks to disentangle the way in which women aspire to "goodness" in a patriarchal system and how the sins shape women's behavior.

Loehnen was the chief content officer of Goop. She hosted the Goop podcast and Goop Lab series on Netflix and oversaw Goop Magazine. She left in 2020 to focus on her book.

Loehnen attended Yale University and was a national championship mathlete finalist. She previously worked for Lucky magazine as deputy editor, and has worked as a ghostwriter in books on self-help, business, and style, including collaborations with Ellen Degeneres and Lea Michele.

Elise lives in Los Angeles with her husband and two sons.

Goop (company)
Goop is a wellness and lifestyle brand and company founded by American actress Gwyneth Paltrow. It was launched in September 2008 as a weekly e-mail newsletter providing new age advice, such as "police your thoughts" and "eliminate white foods", and the slogan "Nourish the Inner Aspect". Goop later expanded into e-commerce, collaborating with fashion brands, hosting pop-up shops, holding a "wellness summit", and launching a print magazine, podcast, and docuseries on Netflix.

Goop has faced criticism for marketing products and treatments that are harmful, described as "snake oil", based on pseudoscience, and lack efficacy. California officials from the Consumer Protection Office have sued Goop for false advertising, asserting that Goop has made unfounded health claims about a variety of products. Goop settled the lawsuit out of court. Class-action lawsuits have been brought against Goop for unsafe products.
Chazara bischoffii
Chazara bischoffii, the orange hermit, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found from Turkey, through Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan and southern Transcaucasia.

The wingspan is 45–60 mm. The butterflies fly from June to August.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Ghosts and spirits in Māori culture
The topic of ghosts and spirits (kehua) in Māori culture is often considered a tapu subject, yet many Māori legends contain mentions of apparitions and paranormal occurrences. It is claimed that long deceased family members may appear to warn of upcoming danger, such as with the famous phantom canoe in 1886 that many reportedly saw on Lake Tarawera, that is believed to have been an omen for the volcanic eruption that occurred eleven days later.

Kikokiko are known in Māori belief as malevolent ghosts that take possession of living people, making them lose sanity. Taniwha are guardian monsters that reside in bodies of water such as rivers or lakes and can appear as sharks, whales, dragons or even floating logs.

Lake Tarawera
Lake Tarawera is the largest of a series of lakes which surround the volcano Mount Tarawera in the North Island of New Zealand. Like the mountain, it lies within the Ōkataina Caldera. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the east of Rotorua, and beneath the peaks of the Tarawera massif i.e. Wahanga, Ruawahia, Tarawera and Koa. Tarawera means "Burnt Spear", named by a visiting hunter who left his bird spears in a hut and on returning the following season found that both his spears and hut had been turned to ashes.