hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bochum Observatory
Bochum Observatory, often known in Bochum as Cape Kaminski (German: Kap Kaminski) is a research institute in Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. The institution came into being through a private initiative. Its main areas of interest are in radio astronomy and environmental research.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Hyperbolic angle
In geometry, hyperbolic angle is a real number determined by the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector of xy = 1 in Quadrant I of the Cartesian plane. Hyperbolic angle is a shuffled form of natural logarithm as they both are defined as an area against hyperbola xy = 1, and they both are preserved by squeeze mappings since those mappings preserve area.

The hyperbola xy = 1 is rectangular with semi-major axis , analogous to the circular angle equaling the area of a circular sector in a circle with radius .

Hyperbolic angle is used as the independent variable for the hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh, and tanh, because these functions may be premised on hyperbolic analogies to the corresponding circular (trigonometric) functions by regarding a hyperbolic angle as defining a hyperbolic triangle. The hyperbolic angle parametrizes the unit hyperbola, which has hyperbolic functions as coordinates.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Longcheng, Tianshui
Longcheng is a town of Qin'an County, Tianshui, Gansu, China. It is located about 45 km (28 mi) from the seat of Qin'an County. In 2012 it had a population of 32,000, of which around 10,000 lived in the town's main village.

In 228, the Battle of Jieting was likely fought at the present location of Longcheng.

During the Sui dynasty it was the center of Longcheng Commandery; in the Song dynasty it was a fortress town. During the Republic of China era it was known as Longcheng District. In 1965 it became a community, and in 1984 it was changed to a township. In 2003 it was upgraded to a town.

The town has several historical sites:

Nüwa cave

Bagua city site

Xifan temple

Battle of Jieting memorial

Commandery (China)
A commandery (Chinese: 郡; pinyin: jùn) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE). Several neighboring countries adopted Chinese commanderies as the basis for their own administrative divisions.
Mohammed Chaouki Zine
Mohammed Chaouki Zine is an Algerian philosopher and writer. He was born on May 13, 1972, in Oran, Algeria. He has been interested for several years to Contemporary Western philosophy as testifies his Hermeneutics and Deconstructions (Beirut-Casablanca, 2002), where he speaks about many philosophers like Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Michel de Certeau, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Richard Rorty and Jean Baudrillard.
He has a Ph.D. on Arabic and Iberian Studies about the mystic and Andalusian philosopher from Spain Ibn Arabi (Murcia, 1165–1240, Damascus). He was named in the book of Hubert Mono Ndjana about the History of African Philosophy, in French Histoire de la philosophie africaine .

Jean Baudrillard
Jean Baudrillard (UK: /ˈboʊdrɪjɑːr/, US: /ˌboʊdriˈɑːr/; French: [ʒɑ̃ bodʁijaʁ]; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist and philosopher with an interest in cultural studies. He is best known for his analyses of media, contemporary culture, and technological communication, as well as his formulation of concepts such as hyperreality. Baudrillard wrote about diverse subjects, including consumerism, critique of economy, social history, aesthetics, Western foreign policy, and popular culture. Among his best-known works are Forget Foucault (1977),  Seduction (1978), Simulacra and Simulation (1981), America (1986), and The Gulf War Did Not Take Place (1991). His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and specifically post-structuralism. Nevertheless, Baudrillard had also opposed post-structuralism, and had distanced himself from postmodernism.
Portrait of Richard Cumberland
Portrait of Richard Cumberland is a c.1776 portrait painting by the British artist George Romney of the playwright and diplomat Richard Cumberland.

Cumberland was a popular writer whose plays such as The West Indian had appeared in London's West End. During the late 1770s he went on a mission to Madrid in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Spanish entry into the American War of Independence. Romney was a top portraitist of the Georgian era. Today the work is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery on Trafalgar Square having been purchased from the sitter's grandson in 1857.

Richard Cumberland (dramatist)
Richard Cumberland (19 February 1731/2 – 7 May 1811) was an English dramatist and civil servant. In 1771 his hit play The West Indian was first staged. During the American War of Independence he acted as a secret negotiator with Spain in an effort to secure a peace agreement between the two nations. He also edited a short-lived critical journal called The London Review (1809).  His plays are often remembered for their sympathetic depiction of characters generally considered to be on the margins of society.
Robin Carlisle
Robin Vincent Carlisle is a South African politician who represented the Democratic Alliance in the Western Cape Provincial Parliament between 2001 and 2014. He was the Provincial Minister of Transport and Public Works in the Western Cape Executive Council. He retired from political life in 2014.

Carlisle became politically active in 1960 when he joined the Progressive Party, and he was later a leader of the Progressive Federal Party. As a member of the Democratic Party, he represented the Wynberg constituency in the apartheid-era House of Assembly between 1989 and 1994. He also co-founded ACTSTOP, an organization that opposed forced removals during apartheid.

Progressive Party (South Africa)
The Progressive Party (Afrikaans: Progressiewe Party) was a liberal party in South Africa which, during the era of apartheid, was considered the left wing of the all-white parliament. The party represented the legal opposition to apartheid within South Africa's white minority. It opposed the ruling National Party's racial policies, and championed the rule of law. For 13 years, its only member of parliament was Helen Suzman. It was later renamed the Progressive Reform Party in 1975, and then Progressive Federal Party in 1977. The modern Democratic Alliance considers the party to be its earliest predecessor.

The Progressive Party of South Africa is not to be confused with the much earlier Progressive Party of the Cape Colony, which was founded on very different, pro-imperialist policies and which became the "Union Party" in 1908.
Pisuerga
The Pisuerga is a river in northern Spain, the Duero's second largest tributary. It rises in the Cantabrian Mountains in the province of Palencia, autonomous region of Castile and León.
Its traditional source is called Fuente Cobre, but it has been discovered that the real source is a glacier higher in the mountains.  The river flows south into the Douro river shortly after passing through the city of Valladolid. Its length is approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi).

Since the 1950s the water level of the river has been very regular throughout the year due to the huge Aguilar de Campoo dam which collects all the water from the river's rainy upper valleys. This regulation has allowed the creation of vast extensions of irrigated farmland along the Pisuerga's course across the northern Castilian plain.

Cantabrian Mountains
The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range (Spanish: Cordillera Cantábrica) are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. 
They stretch for over 300 km (180 miles) across northern Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif in Galicia, along the coast of the Cantabrian Sea. Their easternmost end meets the Sistema Ibérico.

These mountains are a distinct physiographic province of the larger Alpine System physiographic division.

The Cantabrian Mountains offer a wide range of trails for hiking, as well as many challenging climbing routes. Skiing is possible in the ski resorts of Alto Campoo, Valgrande-Pajares, Fuentes de Invierno, San Isidro, Leitariegos and Manzaneda.
Teredidae
Teredidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Coccinelloidea, formerly included within the family Bothrideridae. There are around 160 species in 10 genera, found worldwide except South America. Teredids are generally found under bark, in the galleries of wood-boring beetles, or in leaf litter. They are thought to be fungivores. The oldest records of the family are Delteredolaemus from mid-Cretaceous aged Burmese amber from Myanmar and a species of Teredolaemus from Eocene aged Baltic amber.

Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the resin for more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014 and 400 tonnes in 2015. Baltic amber is also found in Poland, as well as the Baltic states.

Bitterfeld amber from the brown coal mines near Bitterfeld in Germany was previously thought to be redeposited Baltic amber, but is now known to be chemically distinct, though like with Ukrainian Rovno amber, it is thought to have been deposited around the same time as Baltic amber.

Because Baltic amber contains 3–8% succinic acid, it is also termed succinite.
Lineage (Buddhism)
A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is "theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral, or certified in documents. Several branches of Buddhism, including Chan (including Zen and Seon) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers. These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition.

The historical authenticity of various Buddhist lineages has been subject to debate. Stephen Batchelor has claimed, speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage, "the historicity of this “lineage” simply does not withstand critical scrutiny." Erik Storlie has noted that transmission "is simply false on historical grounds." Edward Conze said "much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age."

Stephen Batchelor (author)
Stephen Batchelor (born 7 April 1953) is a Scottish Buddhist author and teacher, known for his writings on Buddhist subjects and his leadership of meditation retreats worldwide. He is a noted proponent of agnostic or secular Buddhism.
Alere
Alere Inc. was a global manufacturer of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. The company was founded in 1991 and was headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. As of January 2017, the company had a market capitalization of $3.47 billion with an enterprise value of $5.9 billion. The company was formerly known as Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc. and changed its name to Alere Inc. in 2010.

Point-of-care testing
Point-of-care testing (POCT), also called near-patient testing or bedside testing, is defined as medical diagnostic testing at or near the point of care—that is, at the time and place of patient care. This contrasts with the historical pattern in which testing was wholly or mostly confined to the medical laboratory, which entailed sending off specimens away from the point of care and then waiting hours or days to learn the results, during which time care must continue without the desired information.
1982 Grand Prix la Serenisima
The 1982 Grand Prix La Serenisima, also known as the Buenos Aires Grand Prix, was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Buenos Aires, Argentina and took place from 1 February through 7 February 1982. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and first-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title.

Argentina Open
The IEB+ Argentina Open or Abierto Argentino is an annual ATP men's tennis event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The tournament is listed as an ATP 250 on the ATP Tour, and is played on outdoor clay courts at the 5,500 capacity Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club, in the Palermo barrio (neighborhood). Usually held in February, it includes both singles and doubles events.

The tournament was established in 1927 as the Argentina International Championships and was a combined men's and women's event from 1928 until 1987 when the women's tournament was discontinued (after 34 years the women's event resumed in 2021). Between 1970 and 1988 it was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and a Grand Prix Super Series event (1970–71). Between 1993 and 1995 it was part of the ATP World Series.

This event is not to be confused with the Argentine Championship (1918-1997), which was the open national championships of Argentina held at the Tennis Club Argentino (founded 1913) also in Buenos Aires.
Sphaerodactylus richardsonii
Sphaerodactylus richardsonii, also known commonly as Richardson's least gecko or the northern Jamaica banded sphaero, is a small species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Jamaica.

Sphaerodactylidae
The Sphaerodactylidae are a family of geckos (Gekkota) distributed in North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, as well as in Southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and into Central Asia. The family contains 12 living genera and over 200 living species. The family name comes from the ball shape of their finger joints.
Lopo Fernandes Pacheco
Lopo Fernandes Pacheco (died 22 December 1349),  was the first of his lineage to accede to the highest ranks of the nobility, that of a rico-homem, in the Kingdom of Portugal. He lived during the reign of King Afonso IV of Portugal of whom he was his favorite and loyal vassal. His parents were João Fernandes Pacheco and his wife Estevaínha Lopes de Paiva, daughter of Lope Rodrigues de Paiva and Teresa Martins Xira. His family owned properties in different parts of the kingdom although its area of influence was mainly Beira in the northern part of the country.

Beira Alta Province
Beira Alta Province (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɐjɾɐ ˈaltɐ]; "Upper Beira") was a Portuguese province in the north of Portugal.

Vast plateaus, river valleys, mountains, and castles abound in Beira Alta.

Formerly it was part of the Beira Province.

The two main cities were Guarda and Viseu. Other cities include Pinhel, Sabugal, Trancoso, Almeida, Oliveira do Hospital, Tondela, Mangualde, Santa Comba Dão, Seia, Gouveia, Meda.

The city of Viseu, once the capital of the Beira Alta, is now in the main city within the new Dão-Lafões Subregion, which is part of the Centro Region.

Guarda is now the capital of the new Beira Interior Norte Subregion within the Centro Region.
Panulena perrugosa
Panulena perrugosa was a species of air-breathing land snail or semislug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicarionidae. This species was endemic to Norfolk Island. It was first identified and named in 1945 by Tom Iredale; it was extinct by 1996.

Semi-slug
Semi-slugs, also spelled semislugs, are land gastropods whose shells are too small for them to retract into, but not quite vestigial. The shell of some semi-slugs may not be easily visible on casual inspection, because the shell may be covered over with the mantle.

This is a type of gastropod that is intermediate between a slug (without an external shell) and a land snail (with a large enough shell to retract completely into).

There exist a number of gastropod families that have semi-slug species. There exist about 1,000 species of semi-slugs in comparison to about only 500 species of slugs.
Omo Charlie Champagne, Vol. 1
Omo Charlie Champagne, Vol. 1 is the third studio album by Nigerian singer Simi. It was released to coincide with her thirty-first birthday on April 19, 2019. The album has thirteen tracks and features collaborations with Patoranking, Maleek Berry, Falz and Adekunle Gold. It was primarily produced by Oscar, with additional production from Vtek, Legendury Beatz and Sess. Simi dedicated the album to her father Charles Oladele Ogunleye, who died in 2014. Omo Charlie Champagne, Vol. 1 was supported by the singles "I Dun Care", "Lovin" and "Ayo".

Maleek Berry
Maleek Shoyebi listenⓘ(born 11 August 1987), professionally known as Maleek Berry, is a British-Nigerian record producer and recording artist. After his break into the spotlight in 2012, Maleek Berry was nominated as "Music Producer of the Year" at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Maleek Berry has worked with prominent artists such as Wizkid, Davido, Wale, Fuse ODG, Runtown and Iyanya. In 2017 the Starboy Label signed act was nominated in the Best Male category of the annual MOBO Awards.
Let Me Fall
Let Me Fall (Icelandic: Lof mér að falla) is a 2018 Icelandic drama film directed by Baldvin Zophoníasson. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival.

2018 Toronto International Film Festival
The 43rd annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 6 to 16, 2018. In June 2018, the TIFF organizers announced a program to ensure that at least 20 percent of all film critics and journalists given press accreditation to the festival were members of underrepresented groups, such as women and people of color. The People's Choice Award was won by Green Book, directed by Peter Farrelly.
West of the Pecos (1934 film)
West of the Pecos is a 1934 American Western film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Richard Dix and Martha Sleeper. The screenplay was written Milton Krims and John Twist, who adapted the serial of the same name by Zane Grey, appearing beginning in The American Magazine in 1931 and later as the 1937 novel. The film, which is thought to be lost, was remade as West of the Pecos in 1945.

Martha Sleeper
Martha Sleeper (June 24, 1910 – March 25, 1983) was a film actress of the 1920s and 1930s and, later, a Broadway stage actress. She studied dancing for five years with Russian ballet master, Louis H. Chalif, at his New York dancing studio. Her first public exhibitions were at Carnegie Hall at his class exhibitions.
Mbozi District
Mbozi District is a district in Songwe Region, Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by the Songwe District and Chunya District of the Mbeya Region, to the east by Mbeya Rural District of the Mbeya Region, to the south by the Ileje District and to the west by Momba District.

According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of Mbozi District was 515,270. The district had an area of 967,900 hectares (2,391,733 acres). The district was restructured in 2016.

The District Commissioner of Mbozi District is D.I. Rwegasira.

Districts of Tanzania
As of 2021, there are 31 regions (Swahili: mkoa, plural mikoa) of Tanzania which are divided into 184 districts (Swahili: wilaya).

In 2016, Songwe Region was created from the western part of Mbeya Region.

The districts are each administered by a district council. Cities are separately administered by their own councils, and while administratively within a region, are not considered to be located within a district. The districts are listed below, by unofficial area then region:
Alexey Orlovski
Alexey Borisovich Orlovski (born 24 March 1963) is a Russian painter, graphic artist, photographer and illustrator. He is fellow of the Union of Artists of the USSR (1990–1991). He is a member of the Moscow Union of Artists (1993–present) .

Heidenheim an der Brenz
Heidenheim an der Brenz (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdn̩haɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈbʁɛnts], lit. 'Heidenheim on the Brenz'), or just Heidenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdn̩haɪm] ⓘ; Swabian: Hoidna or Hoirna), is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located near the border with Bavaria, approximately 17 km south of Aalen and 33 km north of Ulm. Heidenheim is the largest town and the seat of the district of Heidenheim, and ranks third behind Aalen and Schwäbisch Gmünd in size among the towns in the region of East Württemberg. Heidenheim is the economic center for all the communities in Heidenheim district and is the headquarters of the Voith industrial company. The town's population in 2021 was just below the 50,000 mark. Heidenheim collaborates with the town of Nattheim in administrative matters.

The residents of Heidenheim and its surrounding area speak the distinct German dialect of Swabian.
R. Dean Taylor
Richard Dean Taylor (May 11, 1939 – January 7, 2022) was a Canadian musician, most notable as a singer, songwriter, and record producer for Motown during the 1960s and 1970s. According to Jason Ankeny, Taylor was "one of the most underrated acts ever to record under the Motown aegis."

As a singer, Taylor was best known in the U.S. for his chart-topping 1970 hit "Indiana Wants Me", which hit No. 1 in Cashbox and also reached No. 2 in Canada and No. 2 in the United Kingdom. It peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100.  Taylor became well known in the UK for other hits, including "Gotta See Jane" and "There's a Ghost in My House".

I'm Livin' in Shame
"I'm Livin' in Shame" is a 1969 song released for Diana Ross & the Supremes on the Motown label. The sequel to the Supremes' number-one hit, "Love Child," the song peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 pop chart at #10 and the top 20 in the UK at #14 in April and May 1969.
Ranah Nazzal
Ranah Mustafa Ahmed Nazza (Arabic: رانة نزال; born 16 May 1969 in Taif, Saudi Arabia) is a Jordanian writer and poet. She is a member of the Jordanian Writers' Association. She first signed her poems as "Getan" and went from glitter to disclosure. Her poetry is characterized by Sufi vocabulary influenced by Ibn al-Faqir, Ibn al-Arabi, Al-Nafri and others.

Ibn al-Faqih
Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani (Persian: احمد بن محمد ابن فقيه همدانی) (fl. 902) was a 10th-century Persian historian and geographer, famous for his Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan ("Concise Book of Lands") written in Arabic.

In the 1870s the Dutch orientalist Michael Jan de Goeje edited a selection of geography works of Arab geographers in an eight-volume series titled Bibliotheca geographorum Arabicorum published by Lugduni-Batavae (Leiden) Brill publishers.  Al-Hamadhānī's Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan was published in volume 5 of this series.

In 1967 second editions were printed by Dar Sadir (Beirut) and E.J. Brill (Lugduni Batavorum).