hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Synagogue
Old Synagogue (also Alte Synagoge (de), Alta Shul (yi), Synagoga Stara (pl)) can refer to:

Old Synagogue (Berlin), Germany

Old Synagogue (Canterbury), England

Old Synagogue (Dortmund), Germany

Old Synagogue (Dubrovnik), Croatia

Old Synagogue (Erfurt), Germany

Old Synagogue (Essen), Germany

Old Synagogue (Heilbronn), Germany

Old Synagogue (Kraków), Poland

Old Synagogue (Prague), also called the Spanish Synagogue, Czech Republic

Old Synagogue (Przemyśl), Poland

Old Synagogue (Przemyśl)
The Old Synagogue (Polish: Stara Synagoga w Przemyślu) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Przemyśl, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland. Designed by Bononi and completed in 1594, the fortress synagogue served as a house of prayer until  World War II when it was desecrated by arson by Nazis in 1939 as they were retreating from the eastern bank of the San River; it fell into ruin in 1941 and the debris was cleared after the war.

The stone building was rectangular in shape, typical of the Renaissance style of the time. The rectangular main hall remained the only section of the original building after a range of outhouses were added in later years. They included a yeshiva, two additional halls of prayer and offices.
The Royal American
The Royal American is a 1927 American silent action adventure film directed by Harry Joe Brown and starring Reed Howes, Nita Martan and Billy Franey. Produced by Brown's own production company, it was distributed by the independent Rayart Pictures, the forerunner of Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Wildlife of Somaliland
The wildlife of Somaliland includes the flora and fauna of Somaliland, which is extremely diverse due to the country's location between the temperate and the tropical zones. Somaliland is bordered by the Red Sea. The coastal region is more humid due to its proximity to the ocean. Somaliland is home to over 727 bird species and boasts over 177 species of mammals.

Somaliland is home to a diverse variety of flora and fauna, from acacia trees, to birds, large cats, and reptiles large and small.

In some areas, the mountains are covered with shrubs such as pyracantha, jasmine, poinsettia, and a varied assortment of evergreens. Caraway, carcade, cardamom, coriander, incense, myrrh, and red pepper are common.

Capsicum
Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit, which are generally known as "peppers" or "capsicum". Chili peppers grow on five species of Capsicum. Sweet or bell peppers and some chili peppers are Capsicum annuum, making it the most cultivated species in the genus.
Ann Senghas
Ann Senghas is an American developmental psychologist known for her research on the emergence and development of Nicaraguan Sign Language. Senghas is Professor of Psychology at Barnard College, Columbia University, where she directs the Language Acquisition and Development Research Laboratory.

Senghas is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science. She was a Frontiers of Science Fellow of the National Academies of Sciences (2000), and was a recipient of the prestigious Mary I. Bunting Fellowship from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study (2014-2015).

Association for Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS publishes several journals, holds an annual meeting, disseminates psychological science research findings to the general public, and works with policymakers to strengthen support for scientific psychology.
Concord Academy (North Carolina)
Concord Academy, formerly named Concord First Assembly Academy (CFA Academy, styled as "cfa Academy") and First Assembly Christian School, is a private college preparatory Christian school in Concord, North Carolina. It was founded in 1976 as a part of the ministry of First Assembly Worship Center (now Multiply Church).  Continuing a close relationship with its home church, First Assembly Christian School became known as CFA Academy in 2013 and then Concord Academy in 2020. It offers pre-school daycare through 12th grade, with about 700 students.

In 2014, 120 churches were represented within the student body. The students come from surrounding cities such as Concord, Kannapolis, and Charlotte, and neighboring counties including Cabarrus, Rowan, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Stanly and Union County.

Rowan County, North Carolina
Rowan County (/roʊˈæn/ roh-AN), officially the County of Rowan, is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 146,875.  Its county seat, Salisbury, is the oldest continuously populated European-American town in the western half of North Carolina. Rowan County is located northeast of Charlotte, and is considered part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.

Established in 1753 from the upper part of Anson County, it was named after acting North Carolina governor Matthew Rowan. Originally a vast territory with unlimited western boundaries, Rowan County was reduced in size to 524 square miles (1,360 km2) after several counties were formed from it in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Tanaka Domain
Tanaka Domain (田中藩, Tanaka-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Suruga Province in what is now modern-day Fujieda, Shizuoka. It was centered around Tanaka Castle.  Tanaka Domain was controlled by a large number of fudai daimyō clans in the course of its history, seldom for more than one generation.

Fudai daimyō
Fudai daimyō (譜代大名) was a class of daimyō (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. Fudai daimyō and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to the tozama daimyō and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period.
Kō Site
The Kō Site (国府遺跡, Kō iseki) is a complex archaeological site located in the Sosha neighborhood of the city of Fujiidera, Osaka Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1974.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Aeolis Palus
Aeolis Palus is a plain between the northern wall of Gale crater and the northern foothills of Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) on Mars. It is located at 4°28′S 137°25′E﻿ / ﻿4.47°S 137.42°E﻿ / -4.47; 137.42.

The NASA Mars Science Laboratory mission landed the Curiosity rover on Aeolis Palus in August 2012. Curiosity spent two (Earth) years exploring the plain as it drove towards Aeolis Mons. The rover left the plain in September 2014 when it reached the mountain's foothills.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Lirstal
Lirstal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)
Kelberg is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Vulkaneifel, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Kelberg.

The Verbandsgemeinde Kelberg consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°17′17″N 6°55′16″E﻿ / ﻿50.288°N 6.921°E﻿ / 50.288; 6.921
Area committees of Hong Kong
Area Committees (ACs, Chinese: 分區委員會) are parts of the district administration division in the Hong Kong Special Administration Region. The Committees were formed in 1972 primarily, earlier than the District Councils. Nowadays, the ACs have functions of promoting public participation, advising community involvement activities, offering advice on issues affecting area, discussing matters of public interest and supporting the implementation of district administration. The activities are organized by the ACs including exhibitions, fun fairs, social functions, volunteer works, arts, culture, sports activities and competitions. AC members are appointed by Director of the Home Affairs Department. At present, there are 71 area committees in 18 districts of Hong Kong.

Districts of Hong Kong
Hong Kong is administratively divided into 18 districts. Each district has a district council.

District councils were formerly called district boards, for which the boards were established in 1982, when Hong Kong was under British rule. However, the districts have limited relevance to the population, as few public services operate according to district boundaries. The police, fire services, health services, education and hospital authorities, and postal service each define their own idiosyncratic geographic divisions.
Uyira Maanama
Uyira Maanama (transl. Life or Reputation?) is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film stars Jaishankar, Vijaya Nirmala, R. Muthuraman and Krishna Kumari. It was released on 21 October 1968 (Diwali day), and was commercially successful.

R. Muthuraman
Muthuraman Radhakrishnan (4 July 1929 – 16 October 1981) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema. He was a leading actor during the 1960s and 1970s and was known as Navarasa Thilagam for his versatile acting and language proficiency. He had paired with all the leading heroines of his time performing in main and character roles.
Xeros family
The Xeroi, singular Xeros (Greek: Ξηρóς), were a Byzantine family belonging to the Peloponnesian aristocracy and active between the 10th and 13th centuries. They were mainly bureaucrats and judges. One of their distinguishing marks was the depiction of Saint Mark on their seals.

A judge named Xeros was a correspondent of the 11th-century scholar and official Michael Psellos. The name Basil was popular with them. Judges of this name are known in the themes of the Peloponnese, Hellas, the Cibyrrhaeots and Anatolikon. In 1057, the protomystikos John Xeros presided over the trial of two monasteries on Mount Athos. An eparch named Xeros took part in the rebellion of the Anemas against Alexios I Komnenos in 1105. Thereafter, the family declined in importance. Basil Xeros served as an ambassador to King Roger II of Sicily. Increasingly they were clerics. Leo Xeros (died 1153) was the metropolitan of Athens. Around 1252, John Xeros was the bishop of Naupaktos.

Hellas (theme)
The Theme of Hellas (Greek: θέμα Ἑλλάδος, Thema Hellados) was a Byzantine military-civilian province (thema, theme) located in southern Greece. The theme encompassed parts of Central Greece, Thessaly and, until c. 800, the Peloponnese peninsula. It was established in the late 7th century, and was broken up into smaller districts in the late 11th/early 12th century. The theme fell to the Crusader army led by Boniface of Montferrat in 1205.
Institute of Folklore (Azerbaijan)
The Institute of Folklore in Azerbaijan is an independent institute, which started its activity in 1994 on the base of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS). The institute collects and investigated Azerbaijani folklore samples as its activities.

Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası, AMEA), located in Baku, is the main state research organization and the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Azerbaijan. It was established on 23 January 1945.

The President of ANAS is Acad. Isa Habibbayli. One section of the ANAS is Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
Isethionate sulfite-lyase
Isethionate sulfite-lyase (IslA, IseA or IseG) is a glycyl radical enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of isethionate into acetaldehyde and sulfite through the cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond. This conversion is a necessary step for taurine catabolism in anaerobic bacteria like Bilophila wadsworthia. IslA is activated by the enzyme IslB which uses S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) as the initial radical donor.

Sulfite
Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (systematic name: sulfate(IV) ion), SO2−3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.

Sulfites are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also used as regulated food additives. When in food or drink, sulfites are often lumped together with sulfur dioxide.
Minako
Minako (みなこ, ミナコ) is a Japanese feminine given name. Minako can be written using different kanji characters:

美奈子, "beauty, apple tree, child"

美那子, "beauty, unknown, child" or "beauty, child"

美菜子, "beauty, (green) vegetable, child"

美名子, "beauty, name, child"

美梨子, "beauty, pear, child"

聖名子, "holy, name, child"

聖奈子, "holy, apple tree, child or holy child"

皆子, "everybody/all, child"

水奈子 "water, apple tree, child" or "water, child"

実奈子 "truth, apple tree, child"

実菜子 "truth, (green) vegetable, child"

実那子 "truth, unknown, child" or "truth, child"

実名子 "truth, name, child"

The name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy
The Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy (French: Revue canadienne de la thérapie respiratoire) is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on respiratory therapy and pulmonology. It was published on behalf of the Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists by the Pulsus Group, until this company was acquired by the OMICS Publishing Group in 2016. This led the society to cancel their publishing agreement with Pulsus. No issues were produced with OMICS. The journal partnered with Canadian Science Publishing to publish issues until 2023. As of August 2023 the journal uses the Scholastica platform. The current editor-in-chief is Elizabeth Rohrs (Royal Columbian Hospital). The journal is open access, indexed in PMC (PubMed Central), Scopus/Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Pulmonology
Pulmonology (/ˌpʌlməˈnɒlədʒi/, /ˌpʊlməˈnɒlədʒi/, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία -logía "study of"), pneumology (/nʊˈmɒlədʒi, njʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology (/nʊmənˈɒlədʒi, njʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It is also known as respirology, respiratory medicine, or chest medicine in some countries and areas.

Pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need life support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.

Pulmonology/respirology departments work especially closely with certain other specialties: cardiothoracic surgery departments and cardiology departments.
Christopher Tingley
Christopher Tingley is an English academic and translator of Arabic literature. He was born in Brighton and read English at the University of London (MPhil 1973) and at Leeds University, for many years lecturing in English and linguistics at various African universities: the University of Constantine (Algeria); the National University of Rwanda; and the University of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

Tingley is noted as a translator of classic and modern Arabic literature. He has helped to translate book-length works by writers such as Zayd Mutee Dammaj, Ibrahim al-Koni, Yahya Yakhlif and Yusuf al-Qa'id. His frequent collaborators include Salma Khadra Jayyusi, May Jayyusi and Dina Bosio. He has served as style editor of PROTA, the Project of Translation from Arabic established by Khadra Jayyusi in 1980. He has also contributed to numerous anthologies of Arabic literature in English, many of them published by PROTA.

Master of Philosophy
A Master of Philosophy (MPhil or PhM; Latin Magister Philosophiae or Philosophiae Magister) is a postgraduate degree. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated MPhil (or, at times, as PhM in other countries). With a few exceptions, MPhils are awarded to postgraduate students after completing at least two years of original research, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation. In many fields, the completion of a MPhil is typically required for employment as experts, or researcher. MPhil may also serve as a provisional enrolment for a PhD programme.
Jin Nakatani
Jin Nakatani (中谷 仁, born May 5, 1979) is a Japanese former professional baseball catcher in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He played for the Hanshin Tigers in 2002, the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in 2006, and from 2008 to 2011 and for the Yomiuri Giants in 2012. Following his retirement from the NPB, he managed at the Chiben Wakayama High School baseball team.

Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
The Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルス, Tōhoku Rakuten Gōruden Īgurusu), often shortened as the Rakuten Eagles (楽天イーグルス, Rakuten Īgurusu), are a baseball team based in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It has played in Nippon Professional Baseball's Pacific League since the team's formation in November 2004. The team is owned by the Internet shopping company Rakuten.
Gerhard Jynge
Gerhard Vilhelm Jynge (1877 – February 21, 1945) was a Norwegian newspaper editor.

He became the editor of Oplandenes Avis in 1908 and the sub-editor of Verdens Gang in 1911, served as the first editor of Haugesunds Dagblad from June 8, 1912 to December 1913, became the editor of Dagsposten in Trondheim in 1914, and was the editor of Aalesunds Avis from 1917 to 1921. He became an appellate judge pro tem in Bergen in 1921, and a regular judge in 1928. He died on February 21, 1945, when the steamship Austri was sunk by British aircraft in Bømla Fjord.

Verdens Gang
Verdens Gang (lit. 'The course of the world'), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, VG is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers.

Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.
Elton (footballer, born May 1985)
Elton Aparecido de Souza (born 9 May 1985), or simply Elton, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

On 7 March 2006, Elton joined Polish Ekstraklasa club Pogoń Szczecin.

Pogoń Szczecin
Pogoń Szczecin Spółka Akcyjna (lit. 'Pogoń Szczecin Joint Stock Company'), commonly referred to as Pogoń Szczecin (Polish pronunciation: [ˌɛmkaˈɛs ˌpɔɡɔj̃ ˈʂtʂɛtɕin]), is a Polish professional football club based in Szczecin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, which plays in the Ekstraklasa.
Nira Dyn
Nira (Richter) Dyn (Hebrew: נירה דין; born 1942) is an Israeli mathematician who studied geometric modeling, subdivision surfaces, approximation theory, and image compression. She is a professor emeritus of applied mathematics at Tel Aviv University, and has been called a "pioneer and leading researcher in the subdivision community".

Image compression
Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic data compression methods which are used for other digital data.
V. Panneerselvam
V. Panneerselvam is an Indian politician and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Tamil Nadu. He belongs to the Polur area of Tiruvannamalai district. Panneerselvam, who has studied up to the 10th grade, is affiliated with the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). He contested and won the election for the Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, thereby becoming a Member of the Legislative Assembly.

Tiruvannamalai district
Thiruvannamalai district (previously known as Central Arcot, Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar district) is one of the 38 districts in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the second largest district in Tamil Nadu by area, after Dindigul District. It was formed in 1989 through the bifurcation of North Arcot into the Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar and Vellore Ambedkar districts. The city of Tiruvannamalai is the district headquarters.

The district is divided into 12 Taluks—Arani, Chengam, Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Thandarampattu, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Kilpennathur, Jamunamarathoor, Cheyyar and Vembakkam. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males.