hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Olaf Broch
Olaf Broch (4 August 1867, Horten – 28 January 1961, Oslo) was a Norwegian Slavist and phonetician. He established Slavic studies in Norway and made significant contributions to Slavic dialectology and phonetics.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Jamdani
Jamdani (Bengali: জামদানি) is a fine muslin textile (figured with different patterns) produced for centuries in South Rupshi of Narayanganj district in Bangladesh on the bank of Shitalakshya River.

The historic production of jamdani was patronized by imperial warrants of the Mughal emperors. During the period of British rule in India, Bengal's jamdani and muslin industries rapidly declined due to being unable to compete with imported textiles manufactured in Great Britain. In more recent years, the production of jamdani has witnessed a revival in Bangladesh. Jamdani involved skilful use of white, black, golden, silver and other similar coloured threads to weave geometric and floral patterns into the fabric.

In 2013, the traditional art of weaving jamdani was declared a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

In 2016, Bangladesh received geographical indication (GI) status for Jamdani Sari.

Narayanganj
Narayanganj (Bengali: নারায়ণগঞ্জ, romanized: Narayongônj) is a city in central Bangladesh in the Greater Dhaka area. Narayanganj District, about 16 km (10 mi) southeast of the capital city of Dhaka. With a population of almost 1 million, it is the 5th largest city in Bangladesh. It is also a center of business and industry, especially the jute trade and processing plants, and the textile sector of the country. It is nicknamed the Dundee of Bangladesh, due to the presence of its many jute mills. (Dundee was the first industrialised 'Juteopolis' in the world.)
Susy Utzinger Animal Welfare Foundation
The Susy Utzinger Animal Welfare Foundation (Susy Utzinger Stiftung für Tierschutz "SUST") is a Swiss non-profit organisation  that was founded by Susy Utzinger on September 7, 2000. The organisation is based in Kollbrunn in the Canton of Zürich. The mission of the foundation is to improve the quality of animal shelters and animal welfare projects, to prevent animal suffering and to promote animal welfare at the national and international level.

Neutering
Neutering, from the Latin neuter ('of neither sex'), is the removal of a non-human animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part. The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals. Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing. In male horses, castrating is referred to as gelding. An animal that has not been neutered is sometimes referred to as entire or intact. Often the term neuter[ing] is used to specifically mean castration, e.g. in phrases like "spay and neuter".

Neutering is the most common method for animal sterilization. Humane societies, animal shelters, and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered to prevent the births of unwanted litters, which contribute to the overpopulation of unwanted animals in the rescue system. Many countries require that all adopted cats and dogs be sterilized before going to their new homes.
Puente (surname)
Puente is a common surname in the Spanish language meaning "bridge".  It is uncommon as a given name.  People with the surname include:

Anahí Puente (born 1983), Mexican actress and singer

Audrey Puente (born 1970), American meteorologist

Brian de la Puente (born 1985), American NFL football player

David Puente, television journalist

Dorothea Puente (1929–2011), American serial killer

Isaac Puente (1896–1936), Basque physician

Jill Puente, American marketing executive and venture capitalist

Luis de la Puente (1554–1624), Spanish Jesuit and spiritual author

Martina de la Puente (born 1975), Spanish shot putter

Miguel Puente (born 1948), Mexican baseball player

Rafael Puente, Mexican footballer

Tito Puente (1923–2000), Puerto Rican musician

Brian de la Puente
Brian Loomis de la Puente (born May 13, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2008.

De la Puente was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Seattle Seahawks, Carolina Panthers, New Orleans Saints, Chicago Bears, and Washington Redskins.
Hentak
Hentak is a thick fermented paste in Manipuri cuisine made with sun-dried fish powder and the petioles of aroid plants. The small Indian flying barb fish are sun dried  on bamboo trays and crushed to powder. The aroid petioles are cut into pieces and left in the sun for one day, then in equal parts with the fish powder the mixture is sealed in an earthen pot and fermented for around one week.

Hentak is a standard ingredient in Manipuri households, where it is consumed as a condiment with boiled rice or curry. Some preparations may include other plant ingredients like Colocasia esculenta. The standard ingredient of aroid petioles enhances flavor and also serves the purpose of aiding the fermentation process. In Manipur, hentak is a homemade preparation that is not produced for commercial markets. It is custom to serve this to expecting mothers and patients in convalescent.

Another fish paste from Northeast India is tungtap.

Taro
Taro (/ˈtɑːroʊ, ˈtær-/; Colocasia esculenta) is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, stems and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African, Caribbean, Oceanian, East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian cultures (similar to yams).
Nosbusch
Nosbusch is a German surname. There are variant spellings including "Nosbush" and "Nosbisch".  Notable people with the surname include:

Desiree Nosbusch (born 1965), Luxembourgian television presenter and actress

Keith Nosbusch, CEO Rockwell Automation

Keith Nosbusch
Keith Nosbusch was the chairman and CEO of Rockwell Automation Inc., one of the world largest industrial automation companies. He was appointed the company's CEO in 2004 and chairman in 2005. Before that, he worked as senior vice president and president of Rockwell Automation Control Systems.

Nosbusch is also a director of the Manitowoc Company Inc. and director or member of a number of business, civic and community organizations.

Nosbusch graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor's degree in electrical and computer engineering in 1974. He earned his master's degree in business administration from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1976.

In April 2016, Rockwell Automation announced that Keith Nosbusch would be replaced by Blake Moret as CEO. Nosbusch would become chairman.

In 2022, Nosbusch received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
November 5 in the Roman Martyrology
In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, the Roman Martyrology is a directory of liturgical commemorations for each day of the year. There are two editions of the Martyrology currently authorized for use: the 2004 edition (the most recent) and the 1960 revision of the 1956 edition (as permitted under Summorum Pontificum). The following commemorations are listed for November 5 in each respective edition:

Roman Martyrology
The Roman Martyrology (Latin: Martyrologium Romanum) is the official martyrology of the Catholic Church. Its use is obligatory in matters regarding the Roman Rite liturgy, but dioceses, countries and religious institutes may add duly approved appendices to it. It provides an extensive but not exhaustive list of the saints recognized by the Church.
Chawpi Tiyana
Chawpi Tiyana (Quechua chawpi central, middle, tiyana seat, "central seat", hispanicized spelling Chaupitiana) is a mountain in the La Raya mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Marangani District. It lies southwest of Kuntur Quta and south of Wiyachayuq.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Kairi Himanen
Kairi Himanen (born 11 November 1992) is a retired Estonian footballer who played as a midfielder for Naiste Meistriliiga club Saku Sporting, Pärnu and EVL United.

She has represented the Estonia women's national football team at youth and senior level.

Estonian Football Association
The Estonian Football Association (EJL; Estonian: Eesti Jalgpalli Liit) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Estonia. Established on 14 December 1921, it organizes the football league, including the championship which is called Meistriliiga, Estonian Cup and the Estonian national football team. It is based in Tallinn. EJL became a member of FIFA in 1923 but was disbanded during the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union; during this time the Estonian SSR Football Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Jalgpalliföderatsioon) organized Estonian football. It became a member of FIFA once again in 1992, following Estonia regaining its independence.
Pará climbing salamander
The Pará climbing salamander (Bolitoglossa paraensis), also known as the Pará Mushroom-tongue salamander, or Nauta Mushroom-tongue salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.
It is native to Brazil.

Its natural habitat includes lowland rain forests. While a Least-concern species, its population is decreasing as a result of habitat loss (deforestation) caused by urban growth in the region of Belém.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Brazil at the 2019 Pan American Games
Brazil competed in the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019.

On July 25, 2019, it was announced that, for the first time in the history of the Pan American Games, a nation would have two flag bearers during the opening ceremony. The indicated were Brazilian 49er FX class sailors Martine Grael and Kahena Kunze.

In 2019, Brazil pulled off its best performance in history, winning 54 gold and 169 overall medals, and finishing second in the standings for the first time since they hosted the competition in 1963.

2018 South American Games
The 2018 South American Games was a multi-sport event that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It was the 11th edition of the ODESUR South American Games.

A total of 373 sporting events are scheduled to be contested across a variety of sports.
Tomasz Zamoyski
Tomasz Zamoyski (1594 – 7 January 1638) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic) and magnate.

He travelled to London in July 1615 and was invited to hunt with King James at Theobalds. The master of ceremonies at the English court Lewis Lewknor hired two coaches with four horses each to bring Zamoyski to audiences with the King, Anne of Denmark, and Prince Charles.

Tomasz was the 2nd Ordynat of the Zamość estates. He was voivode of Podole Voivodeship in 1618, voivode of Kijów Voivodeship (Kyiv, also Kiev) in 1619, starost of Kraków in 1628, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown in 1635, as well as starost of Knyszyn, Sokal, Nowy Targ, Rabsztyn, Kałusz, Goniądz and Rzeczyce. The town of Tomaszów was named after him.

He married Katarzyna Ostrogska in 1620 and had three children with her.

Jelita coat of arms

Ostrogski coat of arms

Tomasz Zamoyski [1637]

Katarzyna Ostrogska

Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski

Gryzelda [Zamoyski] Wiśniowiecka

Lewes Lewknor
Sir Lewes Lewknor (c.1560–1627) was an English courtier, M.P., writer, soldier, and Judge who served as Master of the Ceremonies to King James I of England. M.P. for Midhurst in 1597 and for Bridgnorth 1604–10. His career has been described as a "tortuous trajectory rich in false starts, byways and rather nebulous interludes...[with] slippery religious and political allegiances".

He was noted for his translations of courtly European literature. Particularly important was the translation of Gasparo Contarini's account of the Venetian republic, The Commonwealth and Government of Venice, which influenced contemporary writers including Shakespeare.

He was also the author of an original work, The Estate of English Fugitives, a polemic attacking the Spanish and the machinations of Catholic clergy, while also defending the rights of English Catholics.
María Sumire
María Cleofé Sumire de Conde (born in an indigenous community in Canchis Province, Cusco Region) is a Peruvian politician. She belongs to the Union for Peru party and was a Congresswoman representing Cusco for the period 2006-2011 and was a candidate for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize.

Union for Peru
Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.
Abda sherd
The Abda sherd graffito is a Phoenician inscription (KAI 8 and TSSI III 10) on a two small connecting fragment of a large vase, dating to c. 900 BC.

It was published in Maurice Dunand's Fouilles de Byblos (volume II, 1926–1932, numbers 9008, plate CXLIV). It was described by Dunand as the second milestone in the history of the alphabet between the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and the reign of the King of Byblos Ahiram.

Maurice Dunand
Maurice Dunand (4 March 1898 – 23 March 1987) was a prominent French archaeologist specializing in the ancient Near East, who served as director of the Mission Archéologique Française in Lebanon. Dunand excavated Byblos from 1924 to 1975, and published a Byblos syllabary in his monograph Byblia Grammata in 1945.  The Neolithic of Lebanon was divided by Dunand into three stages based on the stratified levels of Byblos. From 1963 onwards, Dunand also thoroughly excavated the site of the Temple of Eshmun near Sidon.

During the Lebanese Civil War Dunand left Lebanon, taking with him his archives, which he left to the University of Geneva, but which were returned to Lebanon in 2010.

Dunand was a native of Loisin, Haute-Savoie, France. He died there in retirement.
Chenango Bridge, New York
Chenango Bridge is a hamlet in the southern part of the Town of Chenango in Broome County, New York, United States. It lies where State Route 12A (Chenango Bridge Road) crosses the Chenango River. The population was 2,883 at the 2010 census, which lists the community as a census-designated place.

Broome County, New York
Broome County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 198,683. Its county seat is Binghamton. The county was named for John Broome, the state's lieutenant governor when Broome County was created. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county is part of the Binghamton, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Binghamton University, one of four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Stanley Hubbard
Stanley Stub Hubbard (born 1933) is an American billionaire heir and businessman. He is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Hubbard Broadcasting, founded by his father.  Much of his fortune was earned through the operations of family-owned media holdings which include dozens of radio and television stations in the US. He was also the founder of United States Satellite Broadcasting, a forerunner to DirecTV, which absorbed USSB in 1998.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Conventus Lucensis
The Conventus Lucensis (conventus iuridicus of Lucus Augusti), was a Roman administrative unit located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in Gallaecia. Its name derives from its capital Lucus Augusti (ancient Lugo), the most important city in this convent, economical and administrative center of the country. Its Southern borders were marked by the river Verdugo, and the river Sil (limit with the Conventus bracarensis, in the north the coastline from Morrazo until river Navia (current Asturias), in the East the Ancares' mountains and the Conventus asturicensis.

Conventus iuridicus
In Ancient Rome territorial organization, a conventus iuridicus was the capital city of a subdivision of some provinces (Dalmatia, Hispania, Asia) with functions of seat of a district court of justice and maybe others.
Ptilodon cucullina
Ptilodon cucullina, the maple prominent, is a moth of the family Notodontidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe.

The wingspan is 35–40 mm. The moths are on wing from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Acer campestris and sometimes Acer pseudoplatanus.

Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Canton of Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole
The canton of Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole is an administrative division of the Lozère department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole.

It consists of the following communes:

Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole
Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿albɑ̃ syʁ limaɲɔl]; Occitan: Sent Auban) is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France. It is situated in the northern parts of the Lozère department.
Mehdi Behzad
Mehdi Behzad (Persian:مهدی بهزاد; born April 22, 1936) is an Iranian mathematician specializing in graph theory. He introduced his total coloring theory (also known as "Behzad's conjecture" or "the total chromatic number conjecture") during his Ph.D. studies in 1965. Despite the active work during the last 50 years this conjecture remains as challenging as it is open. In fact, Behzad's conjecture now belongs to mathematics’ classic open problems.

Behzad has been instrumental in institutionalizing mathematics education and popularization of mathematics in Iran, and has received numerous awards and recognition for his lifetime service to the Iranian scientific community.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Naomi Eto
Naomi Eto (江藤 直美, Etō Naomi; born (1972-07-12)12 July 1972) is a retired Japanese volleyball player. Eto helped the Japan women's national volleyball team win the bronze medal at the 1994 Goodwill Games in Saint Petersburg.

Eto competed with the national team at the 1998 FIVB World Championship in Japan, where she finished in eighth place.

1998 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1998 FIVB Women's World Championship was the thirteenth edition of the tournament, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 3 to 12 November 1998 in Tokyo, Tokuyama, Matsumoto, Kagoshima, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Osaka, Japan.
Arnaud Brisebois
Arnaud Brisebois is a Canadian visual effects and production designer. He is most noted for his work on the film The Time Thief (L'Arracheuse de temps), for which he, Jean Babin and Ève Turcotte won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Art Direction/Production Design at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

Brisebois and Francis Leclerc, the director of The Time Thief, previously co-directed the short film Trotteur, which was the winner of the Jutra Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 14th Jutra Awards in 2012.

The Time Thief
The Time Thief (French: L'Arracheuse de temps) is a 2021 Canadian period drama and fantasy film directed by Francis Leclerc, based on the 2009 story by Fred Pellerin of the same name. It stars Jade Charbonneau, Marc Messier, Céline Bonnier, Guillaume Cyr, Émile Proulx-Cloutier, Marie-Ève Beauregard, Pier-Luc Funk, Sonia Cordeau, and Geneviève Schmidt. The film was theatrically released by Les Films Séville on November 19, 2021.
Hugh Lyons-Montgomery
Hugh Lyons-Montgomery (1816 – 16 July 1882) was an Irish Conservative Party politician.

Baptised on 31 March 1816, Lyons-Montgomery was the son of Hugh Lyons-Montgomery and Eliza Blacker. In 1840, he married Elizabeth Smith, daughter of Henry Smith, and they had 14 children: Florence Maud; Eveline Clemina (died 1928); Ada Louisa Mary; Henrietta Emily Anne; Alfred Otho; Hugh; Norma Wilhelmina (died 1876); Ethel Constance; Beatrice Cicely Blanche; Elizabeth Sophia (1841–1918); Caroline Matilda (1842–1877); Henry Willoughby Stewart (born 1850); Lambert de Winton (1853–1939); and Kyneston Forster Walter (born 1859).

In 1840, Lyons-Montgomery became High Sheriff of County Leitrim before being elected  as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leitrim at the 1852 general election and held the seat until 1858 when he resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Hempholme.

Lyons-Montgomery was also a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace of County Leitrim.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.