hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbara Hambly
Barbara Hambly (born August 28, 1951) is an American novelist and screenwriter within the genres of fantasy, science fiction, mystery, and historical fiction.

She is the author of the bestselling Benjamin January mystery series featuring a free man of color, a musician and physician, in New Orleans in the antebellum years. Other historical fiction by Hambly includes novels about Mary Todd Lincoln and Abigail Adams.

Her science fiction novels occur within an explicit multiverse, as well as within previously existing settings (notably as established by Star Trek and Star Wars).

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Paul Ferdinand Gautier
Paul Ferdinand Gautier (12 October 1842 – 7 December 1909) was a French scientific instrument maker who specialized in precision astronomical telescopes and measuring equipment. He produced instruments for many participants of the 1887 Carte du Ciel project.

Carte du Ciel
The Carte du Ciel (French pronunciation: [kaʁt dy sjɛl]; literally, 'Map of the Sky') and the Astrographic Catalogue (or Astrographic Chart) were two distinct but connected components of a massive international astronomical project, initiated in the late 19th century, to catalogue and map the positions of millions of stars as faint as 11th or 12th magnitude. Twenty observatories from around the world participated in exposing and measuring more than 22,000 (glass) photographic plates in an enormous observing programme extending over several decades. Despite, or because of, its vast scale, the project was only ever partially successful – the Carte du Ciel component was never completed, and for almost half a century the Astrographic Catalogue part was largely ignored. However, the appearance of the Hipparcos Catalogue in 1997 has led to an important development in the use of this historical plate material.
Submission (combat sports)
A submission, also called a "tap out" is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, resulting in an immediate defeat. A submission is often performed by visibly tapping the floor or opponent with the hand or foot, or by verbalizing to the opponent or referee of the competition. In combative sports where the fighter has cornermen, the cornerman can also stop the fight by "throwing in the towel" (either by literally throwing in a towel or by verbalizing to the official), which may count as a submission.

To force a submission a fighter must do a submission hold, of which there are two categories. The first is a joint lock, which can include armlocks, americanas, anklelocks, kneebars, etc. These submissions damage the joints by hyperextending and threatening to break them. Secondly there are chokeholds. These include the rear naked choke, guillotine choke, triangle choke, etc. These prevent air flow to the lungs or blood flow to the brain, risking the fighter to go unconscious.

Guillotine choke
The guillotine choke, also known as mae hadaka jime (前裸絞, "front naked choke"; compared to a rear naked choke) in judo, is a chokehold in martial arts applied from in front of the opponent, often on the ground but can also be done while standing. The choke involves using the arms to encircle the opponent's neck that bears a resemblance to the blade of a guillotine.
Blue Man-i'-th'-Moss
Blue Man-i'-th'-Moss is a standing stone in the North York Moors in northern England. It lies on Wheeldale Moor on the route of the Lyke Wake Walk.

It is a parish boundary stone, but is believed to have been standing since pre-Roman times. It is 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall and has small boulders and stones set in the ground around its base. The stone is considerably weathered.

Traces of blue paint which once covered the stone can be seen in places. There is a letter 'E' with a date 1841 engraved on the south face. A  memorial plaque was cemented at the base of the stone on the south side in 2003 but was subsequently removed in 2016.

Boundary marker
A boundary marker, border marker, boundary stone, or border stone is a robust physical marker that identifies the start of a land boundary or the change in a boundary, especially a change in direction of a boundary. There are several other types of named border markers, known as boundary trees, pillars, monuments, obelisks, and corners. Border markers can also be markers through which a border line runs in a straight line to determine that border. They can also be the markers from which a border marker has been fixed.
1932 Dutch Senate election
Elections for 25 out of 50 seats in the Senate of the Netherlands were held on 29 July 1932. All seats in electoral group II comprising the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe, and electoral group IV comprising the province of South Holland, were up for election.

Within each electoral group, Senators were elected by provincial councils using party-list proportional representation. Provincial councillors' votes were weighted to their province's population.

No seats changed hands in the election, and the incumbent Coalition government retained its majority of 30 seats.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Horsham Friends Meeting House
Horsham Friends Meeting House is a Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) place of worship in the town of Horsham, part of the district of the same name in West Sussex, England.  It was built in 1786 to replace a meeting house nearly 100 years older on the same site, built for a Quaker community which had been active in the town for several years. "A fine Georgian building with original furnishings", it has Grade II listed status.

Meeting house
A meeting house (also spelled meetinghouse or meeting-house) is a building for religious and sometimes private meetings. It is primarily associated with Christian worship of certain movements after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, or later movements that developed from a Christian basis.
Weiert Velle
Weiert Martin Velle (18 May 1925 – 29 April 2007) was a Norwegian veterinarian.

He was born in Lista. He took the dr.med.vet. degree in 1959, and also the dr.philos. in 1999. He was a professor of physiology at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science from 1965 to 1993, and served as rector there from 1975 to 1982. He co-edited the journal Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica from 1973 to 1987. He resided at Blommenholm and died in April 2007 in Bærum.

Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (Norwegian: Norges veterinærhøgskole) or NVH was a public university located at Adamstuen in Oslo, that educated veterinarians and veterinary nurses as well as research within aquatic medicine, food safety, comparative medicine and mammalian diseases, health and welfare. The institution had about 450 employees and 500 students. Parts of the research were conducted in Tromsø and Sandnes.

On 6 January 2014 the school joined with the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in Ås, and by 2020 it will be completely relocated to the same location.
Punchbowl Bus Company
Punchbowl Bus Company (PBC) is an Australian bus company. It operates bus services in Goulburn and Crookwell in the Southern Tablelands as PBC Goulburn and PBC Crookwell.

Prior to July 2023, it also operated bus services in Sydney Bus Region 5 servicing Hurstville, Roselands, Bankstown, Strathfield and surrounding suburbs. Since then, it only operates charter bus services in Sydney.

Punchbowl, New South Wales
Punchbowl is a suburb in Western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) South-West of the Sydney central business district and in the local government area of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown. At the 2021 census, Punchbowl had a population of 21,384.
Birger Wøllner Gaarn
Birger Wøllner Gaarn   (3 August 1881 – 10 August 1949) was a Danish organist, organ teacher and composer. He graduated from the Royal Danish Academy of Music in 1902, and was the organist at Christian's Church, Copenhagen from 1907 to 1949.

Christian's Church, Copenhagen
Christians kirke (English: Christian's church) is a Rococo church in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Designed by Nicolai Eigtved, it was built 1754–59.

Formerly Frederiks tyske kirke (English: Frederiks German church), it was built by the German community as a church for their large community at Christianshavn,  serving until the end of the 19th century. It then became a regular parish church for Christian's Parish within the Danish National Church. Its name is a reference to King  Christian IV, who founded the Christianshavn district in 1611.
Jing Li (chemist)
Jing Li (Chinese: 李静) is a Board of Governors Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States. She and her team are engaged in solid-state, inorganic and inorganic-organic hybrid materials research. Her current research focuses on designing and developing new functional materials including metal-organic frameworks and hybrid semiconductors for applications in the field of renewable and sustainable energy, and clean environment.

Li's research has resulted in 12 issued patents and over 460 publications (articles, invited book chapters, feature and review papers), in high impact factor journals such as Science Magazine, Nature Communications, the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), Advanced Materials and Angewandte Chemie International Edition. She was selected as a Highly Cited Researcher by Thomson Reuters in 2015 and 2016, and by Clarivate Analytics in 2019, 2020 and 2022.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Ōtama, Fukushima
Ōtama (大玉村, Ōtama-mura) is a village located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2020, the village had an estimated population of 8,781, and a population density of 110 persons per km2 in 2896 households.  The total area of the village was 79.44 square kilometres (30.67 sq mi). In 2016, Ōtama was selected as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan.

The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan
The Association of the Most Beautiful Villages in Japan (「日本で最も美しい村」連合, Nihon de mottomo utsukushii mura rengō) is a Japanese nonprofit organization of listing some of the most beautiful villages and towns in Japan. The association is active on enhancement and protection of Japanese rural heritage, cultural fairs, and branding and promotion of regional, national, and international cooperation of its member villages and towns. It is affiliated to the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World. Despite the title which may suggest that it is a systematic ranking, affiliation is not mandatory and many villages which could claim to meet the admission criteria are not candidates.
Sardar Jalaloglu
Sardar Jalaloglu (Azerbaijani: Sərdar Cəlaloğlu; born June 3, 1954) is an Azeri doctor and politician. He was born in the village of Cehri of Babek district of Nakhchivan. He went to school in Ordubad and finished secondary school in Baku. In 1997, he graduated from Azerbaijan State Medical Institute. After graduation, he worked as a doctor for 15 years.

Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Nakhichevan ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924.

The first flag of the Nakhichevan ASSR was introduced in 1937 and contained both Azerbaijani and Armenian text. In the 1940s, when the Azerbaijani Latin alphabet was being replaced by Cyrillic, the previous flag was replaced by a Soviet flag with the Azerbaijani Cyrillic text "Нахчыван МССР" in gold and a dark blue bar along the fess.

In 1990, it became the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic within the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Mount Gabi
Mount Gabi is an underwater mountain, similar to a guyot, that was discovered in 2006, fifty kilometres (31 mi) off the coast of Augusta near the south-western tip of Western Australia. It lies a similar distance west of Windy Harbour

It lies at a depth of one thousand metres (3,300 ft), rising three hundred metres (980 ft) from the sea floor and is five kilometres (3.1 mi) wide.

Mount Gabi was discovered by Cameron Buchanan, a multibeam sonar specialist from Geoscience Australia, the Australian national agency for geoscience research, via swath mapper during investigations of continental shelf processes between the Great Australian Bight and Cape Leeuwin.

Augusta, Western Australia
Augusta is a town on the south-west coast of Western Australia, where the Blackwood River flows into Flinders Bay.  It is the nearest town to Cape Leeuwin, on the furthest southwest corner of the Australian continent. In the 2001 census it had a population of 1,091; by 2021 the population of the town was 1,211 (excluding East Augusta).

The town is within the Shire of Augusta Margaret River local government area, and is in the Leeuwin Ward. It is connected by public transport to Perth via Transwa coach service SW1. The town has its own airport.

Augusta was a summer holiday town for many during most of the twentieth century, but late in the 1990s many people chose to retire to the region for its cooler weather. As a consequence of this and rising land values in the Augusta-Margaret River area, the region has experienced significant social change.
2011 NCAA Division I baseball rankings
The following human polls make up the 2011 NCAA Division I men's baseball rankings for the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season.  The USA Today/ESPN Coaches Poll is voted on by a panel of 31 Division I baseball coaches.  The Baseball America poll is voted on by staff members of the Baseball America magazine.  These polls rank the top 25 teams nationally.  Collegiate Baseball and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association rank the top 30 teams nationally.

2011 NCAA Division I baseball season
The 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season play of college baseball in the United States, organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began on February 18, 2011.  The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball tournament and 2011 College World Series.  The College World Series consisted of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA tournament.  Although it was held in its annual location of Omaha, Nebraska, it was played at the newly constructed TD Ameritrade Park for the first time.  It concluded on June 29, 2011, with the final game of the best of three championship series.  South Carolina defeated Florida two games to none to claim their second championship.
Graham Knowles
Graham Andrew Knowles (born 29 August 1973) is an English cricketer.  Knowles is a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Haslingden, Lancashire.

Knowles represented the Lancashire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against the Suffolk in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  From 2000 to 2002, he represented the Board in 6 List A matches, the last of which came against Scotland in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. In his 6 List A matches, he scored 126 runs at a batting average of 21.00, with a high score of 33.  In the field he took 3 catches.

He currently plays for and captains, Haslingden Cricket Club in the Lancashire League (cricket) and has over 17,000 league runs.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (French: Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, IPA: [opital ynivɛʁsitɛːʁ də la pitje salpɛtʁijɛʁ]) is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the AP-HP Sorbonne University Hospital Group and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.

Charitable hospital
A charitable hospital, or charity hospital, is a non-profit hospital that provides treatment for poor and uninsured people who cannot purchase treatment. An example would be St. Jude Children's Hospital that provides assistance to children and funds research for pediatric ailments. Charitable hospitals are usually tax exempt in the United States and are usually funded through donations and special contributions from partnering affiliates.
Almeda University
Almeda University was an unaccredited for-profit online university registered on the Caribbean island of Nevis. It offered illegitimate degrees including online certificate programs, general "Life Experience Degrees", and doctorates in religion and theology. Almeda was accredited by the Council for Distance Education Accreditation, the Interfaith Education Ministries (IEM), and the Association for Online Academic Excellence (AOAEX), none of which were recognized by the United States Department of Education or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. Almeda University is widely regarded as a diploma mill. It was owned and operated by Pakistani software company Axact.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Tarkani
The Tarkani (Pashto: ترکاڼي tarkāṇī) or Tarkalani (Pashto: ترکلاڼي tarkalāṇī) are a Pashtun tribe mainly settled in Bajaur District, Lower Dir district, Barawal upper dir and in Kabal and Matta tehsil of district Swat Pakistan but originally hailed from the Laghman province of modern-day Afghanistan. They are settled in large parts of Kunar province of Afghanistan and other parts of Afghanistan. In Kunar they stretch all the way up to Naray district of Afghanistan, and are majority in Dangam, Asmar, half of Gehazi Abad, Marah wara, half of Barkani district (other half being Safi dominated) etc, all districts in Kunar, Afghanistan. they are cousins of the Yousafzai with whom fought battles against Dalzak and Mughals.

Kabal Tehsil
Kabal (Urdu and Pashto: کبل) is a tehsil in Swat District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.some villages located in Kabal tehsil are Kabal village,Guljaba, Hazara, Aligrama, Kanju, derai, kuza bandai, Bara bandai, Ningolai, and so on. Famous Football teams are Angar Football Club Guljaba, Kabal 11 football club, Hazara 11, Dilawer Khan Shaheed kuza bandai, Awami derai and Aligrama 11. There’s a mini airport located in swat called saidu sharif airport which hasn’t been in operation for over 2 decades. Edited by Abdullah Khan Guljaba Swat
John Butler (cricketer)
John Butler (29 August 1863 – 21 May 1945) was an English cricketer active in first-class cricket in 1889, playing as a right-handed batsman for Nottinghamshire.

Butler made his debut in first-class cricket when he was selected to play for Nottinghamshire against Kent at Trent Bridge. Five further appearances came for Nottinghamshire in 1891, with his final appearance coming against Yorkshire at Trent Bridge. During the course of his only season in first-class cricket, Butler scored 111 runs at an average of 15.85. He made one half century score, 56 against Gloucestershire.

He died at Belper, Derbyshire on 21 May 1945. His uncle, George Wootton, was a first-class cricketer, while his brother-in-law, John Moss, was a Test cricket umpire.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Kerry Home Industrial School for Protestant Boys
Kerry Home Industrial School for Protestant Boys was an Irish industrial school for protestant boys, Princes Quay (Street), in Tralee, County Kerry, founded in 1872. The Rev. Raymond Orpen, the Rector of Tralee (and future Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe) was the manager of the school.  The school was managed in connection with the  Board of National Education, and subject to the District Inspector of the Board, E. Dowling, esq. As well as school subjects and music, boys were taught tailoring and knitting.

In 1885 when the school was closed, boys were transferred to the Meath Protestant Industrial School for Boys in Blackrock, Dublin.

Blackrock, Dublin
Blackrock (Irish: An Charraig Dhubh) is an affluent suburb of Dublin, Ireland, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Dún Laoghaire. It is named after the local geological rock formation to be found in the area of Blackrock Park. In the late 18th century, the Blackrock Road was a common place for highway robberies. The Blackrock baths, provided for by the railway company in 1839, became popular in the 19th century but Blackrock is now a tourist destination.
Max Ordman
Max Ordman (17 June 1926 – 12 January 2002) was a South African wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle heavyweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Ordman won the light heavyweight wrestling gold medal at the 1950 Maccabiah Games in Israel.

Wrestling at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle heavyweight
The men's freestyle heavyweight competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place from 1 to 6 September at the Basilica of Maxentius. Nations were limited to one competitor. Heavyweight was the heaviest category, including wrestlers weighing over 87 kilograms (191.8 lb).