hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1901 America's Cup
The 1901 America's Cup was the 11th challenge for the Cup. It took place in the New York City harbor and consisted of a best of five series of races between the defender Columbia, entered by the New York Yacht Club for the second time, and Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock II, representing the Royal Ulster Yacht Club. Columbia won all three races, the last being won with handicap, defending the cup.

The course for the race was laid out by Lewis Blix.

Columbia (1899 yacht)
Columbia was an American racing yacht built in 1899 for the America's Cup races. She was the defender of the tenth America's Cup race that same year against British challenger Shamrock as well as the defender of the eleventh America's Cup race in 1901 against British challenger Shamrock II. She was the first vessel to win the trophy twice in a row (a record not equaled until Intrepid's back-to-back wins in 1967 and 1970.)
The Toy Seller
The Toy Seller is an oil painting by the Irish artist William Mulready, from 1835. The original is held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London

It depicts a travelling toy salesman, trying to persuade a mother to buy from him, despite the child's obvious reluctance. The original painting shows him holding a toy bird, while the later version appears to show a rattle. It shows a scene in rural England, with the salesman as a black man.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1836 at Somerset House in London. It was donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857 as part of the Sheepshanks Gift.

Later in his carer Mulready worked on a much larger version of the painting on canvas. This was  acquired by the National Gallery of Ireland in 1891.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Sodam Yat
Sodam Yat is a fictional character, an extraterrestrial superhero published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Annual #2 (1986), and was created by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill. He operated as Ion, having become one of the most powerful characters in current continuity. In 2013, ComicsAlliance ranked Sodam Yat as #32 on their list of the "50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics".

Extraterrestrials in fiction
An extraterrestrial or alien is a lifeform that did not originate on Earth. (The word extraterrestrial means 'outside Earth'.) Extraterrestrials are a common theme in modern science-fiction, and also appeared in much earlier works such as the second-century parody True History by  Lucian of Samosata.
Verkhnii Rohachyk Raion
Verkhnii Rohachyk Raion (Ukrainian: Верхньорогачицький район) was one of the 18 administrative raions (a district) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Verkhnii Rohachyk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five. The area of Verkhnii Rohachyk Raion was merged into Kakhovka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 11,217 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of one hromada, Verkhnii Rohachyk settlement hromada with the administration in Verkhnii Rohachyk.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Aydınlık, Mazgirt
Aydınlık (Kurdish: Canig) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Izol, Lolan and Şadiyan tribes and had a population of 27 in 2021.

The hamlets of Direkli and Ziyaretderesi are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
2016 International GT Open
The 2016 International GT Open season was the eleventh season of the International GT Open, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded in 2006 by the Spanish GT Sport Organización. It began on 23 April at Autódromo do Estoril and ended on 6 November, at Barcelona after seven double-header meetings.

Circuito do Estoril
The Circuito do Estoril or Autódromo do Estoril (Estoril Circuit), officially known as Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva, is a motorsport race track on the Portuguese Riviera, outside of Lisbon, owned by state-run holding management company Parpública. Its length is 4.182 km (2.599 mi). It was the home of the Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix from 1984 to 1996. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
Rogate (ward)
Rogate was an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England that returned one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Following a district boundary review, it was split between the Fernhurst and Harting wards in 2019.

Chichester District
Chichester is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the city of Chichester, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district includes the towns of Midhurst, Petworth and Selsey and surrounding rural areas, including many villages. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park, and Chichester Harbour is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 124,531.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Arun, Horsham, Waverley, East Hampshire and Havant.
Exeter Chiefs Women
Exeter Chiefs Women are a professional women's rugby union team based in Exeter, Devon, England. They were founded in 2019 to take part in the Premier 15s, the top level of English women's rugby. They are based at Sandy Park and are affiliated to Premiership Rugby's Exeter Chiefs. The side is coached by interim Head Coach, Steve Salvin. Emily Robinson captains the side.

PWR Cup
The PWR Cup – formerly known as the Allianz Cup, for sponsorship reasons – is an English women's rugby union knockout cup competition for teams that compete in Premiership Women's Rugby. It was created in 2021 to act as the league's equivalent to the men's Premiership Rugby Cup. It typically takes place in the international windows, giving more opportunities to inexperienced players.
Paseo de los Indíos
Paseo de los Indíos is a Sector in the city of Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic. This neighborhood is populated  in particular by individuals from the upper middle class.

Distrito Nacional
The Distrito Nacional (D.N.; pronounced [disˈtɾito nasjoˈnal], locally [dihˈtɾito nasjoˈnal]; lit. 'National District') is a subdivision of the Dominican Republic enclosing the capital Santo Domingo. It is not in any of the provinces, but in practice, it acts as a province on its own. Before October 16, 2001, the Distrito Nacional was much larger, including what is now known as Santo Domingo Province. Published statistics and maps generally show the former, larger, Distrito Nacional. The Distrito Nacional has no rural or underdeveloped areas.
Muhieddine Jaroudi
Muhieddine Jaroudi (Arabic: مُحْيِي الدِّين الْجَارُودِيّ) was a Lebanese footballer who played as a forward.

A player for Riyadi Beirut, Nahda, Hilmi-Sport, and Racing Beirut, Jaroudi took part in Lebanon's first international match against Mandatory Palestine in 1940, assisting Lebanon's lone goal of the game.

Racing Club Beirut
Racing Club (Arabic: نادي الراسينغ), known as Racing Beirut or simply Racing, is a football club based in Achrafieh, a district in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Premier League. They are primarily supported by the Greek Orthodox Christian community.

Racing Beirut won the Lebanese Premier League three times, the Lebanese Challenge Cup twice, and the Lebanese Second Division four times. They also finished runners-up in the Lebanese FA Cup twice.
Thomas Bulley Job
Thomas Bulley Job (1806 – November 30, 1878) was an English-born merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Trinity Bay in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1846 to 1852 as a Conservative.

He was born in Teignmouth, Devon, the son of John Job, Sr. and Sarah Bulley. With his brother Robert, he operated the St. John's branch of the firm Bulley and Job, which had been founded by his father with a partner. Job was named to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland in 1852, serving until the introduction of responsible government in 1855.

Job moved to Liverpool shortly afterwards, where he served on the town council from 1858 to 1864.  He also was a borough justice and member of the Dock Board.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Khasan Khalmurzaev
Khasan Magometovich Khalmurzaev (Russian: Хасан Магометович Халмурзаев; born 9 October 1993) is a Russian judoka. Khasan won the gold medal in the –81 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

At the 2017 World Judo Championships, Khalmurzaev lost the fight to Alexander Wieczerzak in the semifinals, but won the third-place match against Otgonbaataryn Uuganbaatar.

Alexander Wieczerzak
Alexander Wieczerzak  (born 22 March 1991) is a German judoka.

He won a gold medal at the 2017 World Judo Championships in Budapest.

On 12 November 2022 he won a bronze medal at the 2022 European Mixed Team Judo Championships as part of team Germany.
Missing Believed Wiped
Missing Believed Wiped is an annual event hosted by the British Film Institute that screens previously "wiped" television material from the UK that has recently been recovered.

Missing Believed Wiped was founded in 1993 by Dick Fiddy, who remains involved in the event at the BFI Southbank. There has also been a public effort using television spots and other media to raise awareness. Past events have featured material recovered from the personal collection of comedian Bob Monkhouse, while the 2010 event featured extracts from drama recordings found at the Library of Congress in the United States.

The 2011 event on 11 December featured an early Dennis Potter play Emergency – Ward 9, two rediscovered episodes of Doctor Who, and footage of David Bowie's performance of "The Jean Genie" on Top of the Pops on 4 January 1973, which was believed to have been lost. The two Doctor Who episodes were part 3 of "Galaxy 4" (Hartnell era) and part 2 of "The Underwater Menace" (Troughton era).

Patrick Troughton
Patrick George Troughton (/ˈtraʊtən/; 25 March 1920 – 28 March 1987) was an English actor. He became best known for his work as a character actor in television, most notably starring as the second incarnation of the Doctor in the long-running British science-fiction television series Doctor Who from 1966 to 1969; he reprised the role three times between 1972 and 1985. Classically trained, Troughton's early work included appearances in Laurence Olivier's films Hamlet (1948) and Richard III (1955), and he later appeared in genre films including Jason and the Argonauts (1963), The Gorgon (1964), Scars of Dracula (1970) and The Omen (1976), as well as the fantasy television series The Box of Delights (1984).
2018 Inter-Provincial Cup
The 2018 Inter-Provincial Cup was the sixth edition of the Inter-Provincial Cup, a List A cricket competition played in Ireland. It was held from 28 May to 9 September 2018. It is the second edition of the competition to be played with List A status. Leinster Lightning were the defending champions.

In the second match of the tournament, between Leinster Lightning and Northern Knights, Simi Singh and George Dockrell of Leinster Lightning set a new record partnership in List A cricket for the seventh wicket, with 215 runs.

Leinster Lightning retained their title, after beating North West Warriors by 58 runs in the final match of the tournament.

Northern Knights (cricket team)
Northern Knights is a first-class inter-provincial cricket team in Ireland.

The team participates in the Inter-Provincial Championship, Interprovincial One-Day Trophy & Interprovincial Twenty20 Cup.

The team represents the Northern Cricket Union of Ireland, which in turn covers most of eastern and southern Ulster and parts of western Ulster.
Peabody Municipal Light Plant
Peabody Municipal Light Plant (PMLP) is an American municipal electric utility company serving the citizens of Peabody, Massachusetts and some surrounding communities. The five-member Municipal Lighting Commission is responsible for the operations of PMLP, and its members are elected by the citizens of Peabody. PMLP was founded in 1891 following a protracted legal battle with surrounding jurisdictions.

The company was governed by an elected Municipal Board from 1902 to 1916. When Peabody became a city in 1916, the company was placed under the control of the Mayor, who appointed a Light Board to act in an advisory capacity. This form of governance was in place until November 6, 1951, when voters accepted a Massachusetts Statute which reinstated an elected Municipal Lighting Commission to independently oversee the operation of PMLP.

Government of Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is governed by a set of political tenets laid down in its state constitution. Legislative power is held by the bicameral General Court, which is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The governor exercises executive power with other independently elected officers: the Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Auditor. The state's judicial power rests in the Supreme Judicial Court, which manages its court system. Cities and towns act through local governmental bodies to the extent that they are authorized by the Commonwealth on local issues, including limited home-rule authority. Although most county governments were abolished during the 1990s and 2000s, a handful remain.

Massachusetts' capital city is Boston. The seat of power is in Beacon Hill, home of the legislative and executive branches. The Supreme Judicial Court is in nearby Pemberton Hill.
GGDEF domain
In molecular biology, a GGDEF domain is a protein domain which appears to be ubiquitous in bacteria and is often linked to a regulatory domain, such as a phosphorylation receiver or oxygen sensing domain. Its function is to act as a diguanylate cyclase and synthesize cyclic di-GMP, which is used as an intracellular signalling molecule in a wide variety of bacteria. Enzymatic activity can be strongly influenced by the adjacent domains. Processes regulated by this domain include exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm formation, motility and cell differentiation.

Structural studies of PleD from Caulobacter crescentus show that this domain forms a five-stranded beta sheet surrounded by helices, similar to the catalytic core of adenylate cyclase.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
Army of the Ardennes
The Army of the Ardennes (armée des Ardennes) was a French Revolutionary Army formed on the first of October 1792 by splitting off the right wing of the Army of the North, commanded from July to August that year by La Fayette. From July to September 1792 General Dumouriez also misused the name Army of the Ardennes for the right wing of what was left of the Army of the North after the split, encamped at Sedan and the name of Army of the North for the left flank of the army.

It was reorganized by a decree of the Conseil exécutif on the first of March 1793, leading to only the right flank of the army keeping the name of Army of the Ardennes. The first division of the Army of the Ardennes re-merged back into the Army of the North on 5 October 1793, at which date the rest of the Army of the Ardennes continued as the Army of the Ardennes until 29 June 1794, when it merged with the Army of the North's right wing and the Army of the Moselle's left wing to form the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse.

Sedan, Ardennes
Sedan (French pronunciation: [sədɑ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France. It is also the chef-lieu (administrative centre) of the arrondissement of the same name.

Sedan is notable as the site of two major battles between the armed forces of France and Germany, both of which were won by Germany. The First Battle of Sedan in 1870 sealed the fate of the Second French Empire and paved the way to the foundation of the German Empire, leading to the subsequent annual celebration of "Sedan Day" in Germany. The Second Battle of Sedan in 1940 achieved a decisive breakthrough by Wehrmacht forces in the Battle of France and ultimately led to the collapse of the French Third Republic.
History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States
The history of Hispanics and Latinos in the United States is wide-ranging, spanning more than four hundred years of American colonial and post-colonial history. Hispanics (whether criollo, mulatto, afro-mestizo or mestizo) became the first American citizens in the newly acquired Southwest territory after the Mexican–American War, and remained a majority in several states until the 20th century.

As late as 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War, Spain held claim to roughly half of today's continental United States. In the Treaty of Paris France ceded Louisiana (New France) to Spain from 1763 until it was returned in 1800 by the Treaty of San Ildefonso. In 1775, Spanish ships reached Alaska. From 1819 to 1848, the United States and its army increased the nation's area by roughly a third at Spanish and Mexican expense, gaining among others three of today's four most populous states: California, Texas and Florida.

Monterey Bay
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is farther north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via CA 1 and US 101.

Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a regional term used to describe the Monterey Bay-adjacent Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito counties. The three counties, along with Monterey Bay-adjacent cities, collaborate in the Association of Monterey Bay Governments (AMBAG) on regional issues and come together for events like the State of the Region hosted by the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership.
Odd Arne Tjersland
Odd Arne Tjersland (born 1947) is a Norwegian psychologist. He is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Oslo and a Research Professor at the Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies. He is an expert on psychological treatment of children, youth and families, and has published many books and articles on child abuse and violence in close relationships.

He graduated with the cand.psychol. degree at the University of Oslo in 1974, became a specialist in child psychology in 1986 and in clinical family psychology in 1995, and received the dr.philos. degree in psychology in 1993. He became associate professor of psychology at the University of Oslo in 1996 and full professor in clinical psychology in 2002.

Universitetsforlaget
Universitetsforlaget AS (English: "The University Press"), also known in English as Scandinavian University Press, is a Norwegian academic publishing company, which publishes non-fiction literature and journals mainly oriented to Scandinavia. Universitetsforlaget is the largest academic press in Scandinavia, and is a wholly owned independently operated subsidiary of Aschehoug, founded in 1872. Universitetsforlaget was originally the name of an independent publishing company founded by Tønnes Andenæs in 1950, which later merged with other publishing companies to become a subsidiary of Aschehoug in 2000.
Richard of Gloucester (bishop of Bayeux)
Richard of Gloucester or Richard FitzRobert was appointed bishop of Bayeux in France in 1138 and died in 1142. He was the eldest son of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, but he was illegitimate. His mother was Isabel of Dover, daughter of Samson of Worcester, Bishop of Worcester.

He was the nephew of Richard de Douvres, his predecessor in the see of Bayeux.

Niece and nephew
In the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a niece or nephew is a child of an individual's sibling or sibling-in-law. A niece is female and a nephew is male, and they would call their parents' siblings aunt or uncle. The gender-neutral term nibling has been used in place of the common terms, especially in specialist literature.

As aunt/uncle and niece/nephew are separated by one generation, they are an example of a second-degree relationship. Unless related by marriage, they are 25% or more related by blood if the aunt/uncle is a full sibling of one of the parents, or 12.5% if they are a half-sibling.
2022 Challenger Rio de Janeiro
The 2022 Challenger Rio de Janeiro was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 10 and 16 October 2022.

Jakub Paul
Jakub Paul (born 22 March 1999) is a Swiss tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 74 achieved on 10 November 2025 and a singles ranking of No. 288 achieved in 25 August 2025.