hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spike Nelson
Emerson William "Spike" Nelson (April 2, 1906 – October 20, 1998) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Mississippi State College, now Mississippi State University, in 1938 and at Yale University in 1941, compiling a career head coaching record of 5–13. He played college football as a tackle at the University of Iowa and was selected as a first-team tackle by the New York Sun on its 1926 College Football All-America Team. He was also selected as a second-team All-American by the Associated Press and Central Press.

Nelson was also an All-American hammer thrower and discus thrower for the Iowa Hawkeyes track and field team, finishing third in the hammer throw at the 1926 NCAA Track and Field Championships.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Cutler Park
Cutler Park Reservation is a state-owned nature preserve and public recreation area that lies between Route 128/I-95 and the Charles River in Needham, Massachusetts. The state park's 772 acres (312 ha) contain the largest remaining freshwater marsh on the middle Charles River. Parts of its major trail run directly through the marsh via boardwalks; over 100 species of birds have been sighted here. The park is part of a plan by the Town of Needham to connect 18 public areas by 35 proposed trails. It is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Freshwater marsh
A freshwater marsh is a non-forested marsh wetland that contains shallow fresh water, and is continuously or frequently flooded. Freshwater marshes primarily consist of sedges, grasses, and emergent plants. Freshwater marshes are usually found near the mouths of rivers, along lakes, or are present in low lying areas with low drainage like abandoned oxbow lakes. Unlike its counterpart the salt marsh, which is regularly flushed with sea water, freshwater marshes receive the majority of their water from surface water.
Levi F. Martin
Levi F. Martin (1843–1909) was a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Senate. He was born on April 3, 1843, in Danby, New York. He married Julia Girard (1843-1891). The couple moved to Wisconsin and lived in Chippewa Falls. They had a son Frank in 1874 and Harry in 1875. After his retirement he spent the last five years with his son Harry in Walla Walla, Washington, where he died on September 29, 1909. He is buried in Chippewa Falls.

Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla (/ˌwɑːlə ˈwɑːlə/ WAH-lə WAH-lə) is a city in and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 34,060 at the 2020 census, estimated to have decreased to 33,339 as of 2023. The combined population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of College Place and unincorporated Walla Walla East, is about 45,500.

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from Portland, Oregon, and four and a half hours from Seattle. It is located only 6 mi (10 km) north of the Oregon border.
Teen Age Message
The Teen Age Message (TAM) was a series of interstellar radio transmissions sent from the Yevpatoria Planetary Radar to six solar-type stars during August–September 2001. The structure of the TAM was suggested by Alexander Zaitsev, Chief Scientist at Russia's Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics. The message's content and target stars were selected by a group of teens from four Russian cities, who collaborated in person and via the Internet. Each transmission comprised three sections: a sounding, a live theremin concert, and digital data including images and text. TAM was humanity's fourth Active SETI broadcast and the first musical interstellar radio message.

Solar analog
Solar-type stars, solar analogs (also analogues), and solar twins are stars that are particularly similar to the Sun. The stellar classification is a hierarchy with solar twin being most like the Sun followed by solar analog and then solar-type. Observations of these stars are important for understanding better the properties of the Sun in relation to other stars and the habitability of planets.
Haller Rocks
The Haller Rocks (64°4′S 62°6′W﻿ / ﻿64.067°S 62.100°W﻿ / -64.067; -62.100) are a small group of rocks in the eastern part of Bouquet Bay, lying 2 nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the southwest end of Liège Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. They were photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos in 1959. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Albrecht von Haller, a Swiss physiologist who made important contributions to medical knowledge, for example, mechanism of heartbeat, action of bile.

Bouquet Bay
Bouquet Bay is a bay, 7 miles wide, lying between Liege Island and the N part of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Discovered by the FrAE, 1903–05, and named by Charcot for Jean Bouquet de la Grye, French hydrographic engineer and a member of the commission which published the scientific results of the expedition.
1944 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1944 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 12th playing of the "Midsummer Classic" between Major League Baseball's American League (AL) and National League (NL) All-Star teams. The All-Star Game was held on July 11, 1944 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the home of the NL's Pittsburgh Pirates.

The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 7–1.

Played during World War II, receipts from the game were distributed to a fund that provided baseball equipment to members of the armed services.

All-star
An all-star team is a group of people all having a high level of performance in their field.  Originating in sports, it has since drifted into vernacular and has been borrowed heavily by the entertainment industry.
Owenbrean River
The Owenbrean River (Irish: Abhainn Bhréan or "stinking river"), is a small river in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland which flows down from Cuilcagh Mountain before sinking underground, eventually reaching the Marble Arch Cave system.

Cuilcagh
Cuilcagh (from Irish Binn Chuilceach, meaning 'chalky peak') is a mountain on the border between County Fermanagh (in Northern Ireland) and County Cavan (in the Republic of Ireland). With a height of 666 metres (2,185 ft) it is the highest point in both counties. It is also the 170th highest peak on the island of Ireland, and Ireland's only cross-border county top. Water from the southern slope flows underground until it emerges some miles away in the Shannon Pot, the traditional source of the River Shannon. The area is sometimes referred to as the Cuilcagh Mountains.
Big North Conference (New Jersey)
The Big North Conference is a high school athletic conference in New Jersey. It is one of six North Jersey "super athletic conferences" created by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA) in 2009. There are 41 member schools in the Big North Conference, with all members located in either Bergen County or Passaic County, New Jersey.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
1873 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1873 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1873 college football season. The Bulldogs compiled a 2–1 record, winning games against Rutgers and Eton College (with Yale alumni) but losing to Princeton. William S. Halstead was the team captain.

1873 college football season
The 1873 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton as having been selected national champions.

Organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Virginia and the Southern United States when Washington & Lee defeated VMI 4 to 2. Some industrious students of the two schools organized a game for October 23, 1869 – but it was rained out.

Students of the University of Virginia were playing pickup games of the kicking-style of football as early as 1870, and some accounts even claim it organized a game against Washington and Lee College in 1871, but no record has been found of the score of this contest. Due to scantness of records of the prior matches some will claim Virginia v. Pantops Academy November 13, 1887, as the first game in Virginia.
Itō Yoshisuke
Itō Yoshisuke (伊東 義祐, 1512 – August 29, 1585) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period.  In his lifetime, he was the head of the Itō clan.

In 1538, he became the head of the Itō clan. In 1542, he restored his old territory occupied by the Shimazu clan.
He was defeated by Shimazu Yoshihiro in the 1572 Battle of Kizaki. Yoshisuke capitulated to the advancing Shimazu clan in 1576 and sought refuge with the Otomo clan.: 273  then he defeated by Shimazu Yoshihisa in  Siege of Takabaru.

Yoshisuke, who was the descendant of Itō Suketsune. He inherited Agata Domain in Hyūga Province in 1584.

Ōtomo clan
The Ōtomo clan (大友氏, Ōtomo-shi) was a Japanese samurai family whose power stretched from the Kamakura period through the Sengoku period, spanning over 400 years. The clan's hereditary lands lay in Kyūshū.
Notre Dame Island
Notre Dame Island (French: Île Notre-Dame) is an artificial island in the Saint Lawrence River in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is immediately to the east of Saint Helen's Island and west of the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the city of Saint-Lambert on the south shore. Together with Saint Helen's Island, it makes up Parc Jean-Drapeau, which forms part of the Hochelaga Archipelago. To the southeast, the island is connected to the embankment separating the seaway and Lachine Rapids.

Parc Jean-Drapeau is registered as a leg of the Route Verte and Trans Canada Trail. The island contains the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, which hosts the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix.

Route verte
The Route verte (French for "Green Route," or "Greenway") is a network of bicycling and multiuse trails and designated roads, lanes, and surfaces in Quebec, Canada. The trail network inaugurated on August 10, 2007, and spans 5,034 kilometres (3,128 mi) as of 31 October 2013. It includes both urban trails (for example, in and around the city of Montreal) and cycling routes into quite isolated areas in the north, as well as along both sides of the Saint Lawrence River, out to the Gaspésie region, and on the Magdalen Islands, linking more than 320 municipalities along the way. The Route Verte is not entirely composed of trails, as nearly 61% of the network actually consists of on-road surfaces, whether regular roads with little traffic, wide shoulders, special lanes on highways, or otherwise.  The segregated trails are mostly rail trails shared-use with hikers and other users.
Bagualia
Bagualia (meaning "wild horse") is an extinct genus of eusauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic (middle Toarcian) Cañadón Asfalto Formation in what is now the Chubut Province of Argentina. The type species, B. alba, was formally described in 2020. Bagualia represents the oldest known definitive eusauropod, and due to the completeness of its material, it represents one of the most important taxa for understanding the early evolution of the group.

Acromion
In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: akros, "highest", ōmos, "shoulder", pl.: acromia) or summit of the shoulder is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process, it extends laterally over the shoulder joint.  The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly.  It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint.
Sophronia humerella
Sophronia humerella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe (except Iceland, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, Croatia, Slovenia and Bulgaria), North Africa and Asia Minor. The moth was removed from the British list because the records are considered unreliable.

The wingspan is 9–11 mm.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris, Helichrysum, Achillea, Thymus vulgaris and Antennaria species.

Thymus vulgaris
Thymus vulgaris (common thyme, German thyme, garden thyme or just thyme) is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe from the western Mediterranean to southern Italy. Growing to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) tall by 40 cm (16 in) wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen subshrub with small, highly aromatic, grey-green leaves and clusters of purple or pink flowers in early summer.

It is useful in the garden as groundcover, where it can be short-lived, but is easily propagated from cuttings. It is also the main source of thyme as an ingredient in cooking and as a herbal medicine. It is slightly spicier than oregano and sweeter than sage.

The Latin specific epithet vulgaris means “common” in the sense of “widespread”.
SAB C-100 Vulcan
The SAB C-100 Vulcan (or C 100) is an Italian ultralight and light-sport aircraft produced by SAB Aviation of Benevento. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Radio Zereda
Radio Zereda is a community radio station based in Obo, Haut-Mbomou, Central African Republic. The name Zereda derives from Zande language, meaning peace. The radio station received support from Invisible Children and is part of Réseau des Journalistes pour les Droits de l'Homme en Centrafrique. In 2012, Radio Zereda was popular among the Obo residents and became their main news source.

Haut-Mbomou
Haut-Mbomou ([o mbo.mu], "Upper Mbomou") is one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. Its capital is Obo. The African Pole of Inaccessibility is located 40 km to the North of Obo. In 2024, official estimates suggest the population reached 59,225 inhabitants.
Choletbus
Choletbus (French pronunciation: [ʃɔlebys]) is a network of urban and periurban buses in the city of Cholet, France. The network is operated on behalf of the Cholet Agglomération by Transports Publics du Choletais.

The Choletbus network contains a total of eighteen bus lines, of which eleven form the central network that serves Cholet and seven other lines form a peri-urban network that serves the communes of the agglomeration. The entire network is made up of 250 different stopping points.

Cholet Agglomération
Cholet Agglomération (before August 2023: Agglomération du Choletais) is the intercommunal structure gathering the city of Cholet and its suburbs.

It is located in the Maine-et-Loire département, in the Pays de la Loire région (France). It was formed on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté d'agglomération du Choletais, the Communauté de communes du Bocage and the Communauté de communes du Vihiersois-Haut-Layon. Its area is 788.0 km2. Its population was 104,382 in 2018, of which 54,186 in Cholet proper.
Fixed-block architecture
Fixed-block architecture (FBA) is an IBM term for the hard disk drive (HDD) layout in which each addressable block (more commonly, sector) on the disk has the same size, utilizing 4 byte block numbers and a new set of command codes.  FBA as a term was created and used by IBM for its 3310 and 3370 HDDs beginning in 1979 to distinguish such drives as IBM transitioned away from their variable record size format used on IBM's mainframe hard disk drives beginning in 1964 with its System/360.

Advanced Format
Advanced Format (AF) is any disk sector format used to store data in HDDs, SSDs and SSHDs that exceeds 528 bytes per sector, frequently 4096, 4112, 4160, or 4224-byte sectors. Larger sectors of an Advanced Format Drive (AFD) enable the integration of stronger error correction algorithms to maintain data integrity at higher storage densities.
Dwayne Woodruff
Dwayne D. Woodruff (born February 18, 1957) is an American judge and former professional football player who played twelve seasons as a cornerback for the Pittsburgh Steelers, where he accumulated 37 interceptions after being selected in the sixth round of the 1979 NFL draft. As a rookie, he won a Super Bowl ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl XIV. Outside of football, Woodruff has a J.D. degree and is a common pleas judge in Allegheny County (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania.

1979 NFL draft
The 1979 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 3–4, 1979, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Buffalo Bills held the first overall pick in the draft, acquired from the San Francisco 49ers in the trade which sent O. J. Simpson to his hometown team. The Bills' selection at No. 1, Ohio State linebacker Tom Cousineau, refused to sign with the Bills and instead signed a lucrative deal with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.
Detmold Chamber Orchestra
The Detmolder Kammerorchester (Detmold Chamber Orchestra) is a German chamber orchestra based in Detmold. The current music director is German-Chilean pianist Alfredo Perl. The primary concert venue of the orchestra is the Konzerthaus Detmold.  Eckhard Fischer formed the ensemble in 1989, from musicians of the Hochschule für Musik Detmold.  Christoph Poppen was the first director of the orchestra, starting in 1989.  Fischer took over the artistic directorship of the ensemble in 1996.

The orchestra receives funding from the Ministerium für Städtebau und Wohnen, Kultur und Sport (Ministry of Urban Design and Housing, Culture and Sport) and the City of Detmold.

In addition to concerts in Detmold, the orchestra performs in other German cities such as Eckernförde, Emden, Extertal, Gütersloh, Kleve, Rinteln, Waldshut, Würzburg and Zweibrücken.

Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken (German: [ˈtsvaɪˌbʁʏkŋ̍] ⓘ; French: Deux-Ponts [dø pɔ̃]; Palatine German: Zweebrigge [ˈtsʋeːbʁɪgə]; literally translated as "Two Bridges") is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach River.
Kodunsky Stanok
Kodunsky Stanok (Russian: Кодунский Станок; Buryat: Худанай Yртөө, Khudanai Ürtöö) is a rural locality (an ulus) in Kizhinginsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 168 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
Naive set theory
Naive set theory is any of several set theories used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics.
Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language. It describes the aspects of mathematical sets familiar in discrete mathematics (for example Venn diagrams and symbolic reasoning about their Boolean algebra), and suffices for the everyday use of set theory concepts in contemporary mathematics.

Sets are of great importance in mathematics; in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects (numbers, relations, functions, etc.) are defined in terms of sets. Naive set theory suffices for many purposes, while also serving as a stepping stone towards more formal treatments.

Venn diagram
A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science. A Venn diagram uses simple closed curves on a plane to represent sets. The curves are often circles or ellipses.

Similar ideas had been proposed before Venn such as by Christian Weise in 1712 (Nucleus Logicoe Wiesianoe) and Leonhard Euler in 1768 (Letters to a German Princess). The idea was popularised by Venn in Symbolic Logic, Chapter V "Diagrammatic Representation", published in 1881.
Edappadi
Edappadi (also spelt Idaippadi) is a municipality in the Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Edappadi was once known for its thriving power loom industry. The economy is diversified by agriculture, heavy truck transport, granite, entertainment and foundries.

The rocks around Edappadi are expected to contain rare minerals.

Power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom that automates the weaving of cloth through leveraging mechanical power. It interlaces warp and weft threads via mechanisms like cams, gears, levers, and pulleys, replicating motions previously done manually. The mechanization of weaving dramatically increased production efficiency, contributing to the rise of large-scale textile factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Though the idea is older and experimentation predates him, Edmund Cartwright is credited with initiating power loom development with his 1785 patent. His initial versions were rudimentary but they pioneered automated weaving and laid the groundwork for factory-based production. By the early 19th century, improvements had made power looms reliable and widely adopted across Europe and North America, ushering in a new era of textile manufacturing. Cartwright’s invention marked the beginning of mechanized weaving, drastically reducing reliance on skilled handweavers.