hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
O Investigador Portuguez em Inglaterra
O Investigador Portuguez em Inglaterra, ou Jornal Literário, Político &, C. (The Portuguese Investigator in England, or Periodical of Politics, Literature & S.) was a monthly Portuguese periodical created in 1811, London, by the diplomat Domingos António de Sousa Coutinho together with Bernardo José Abrantes e Castro and Nolasco da Cunha, both in political exile on the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

It is considered one of the most important and popular Lusitan periodicals of its time. It had ties with the Portuguese court, but it was critical of their politics and advocated for the instauration of a constitutional monarchy. It was also an avid scientific divulgator, and introduced the field of history of science in the Portuguese Empire.

The last issue was published in February 1819, shortly after the exit of José Liberato Freire de Carvalho from the editorial board.

NOVA University Lisbon
NOVA University Lisbon (Portuguese: Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, pronounced [univɨɾsiˈðaðɨ ˈnɔvɐ ðɨ liʒˈβoɐ]), or just NOVA, is a Portuguese public university whose rectorate is located in Campolide, Lisbon. Founded in 1973, it is the newest of the public universities in the Portuguese capital city, earning its name as the "New" (NOVA) University of Lisbon.

The institution has more than 20,000 students, 1,800 professors and staff members distributed through five faculties, three institutes and one school, providing a variety of courses in several fields of knowledge.
North West Mount Chappell Islet
The North West Mount Chappell Islet, part of the Badger Group within the Furneaux Group, is a 7,100-square-metre (76,000 sq ft) unpopulated mainly granite islet, in Bass Strait, lying west of the Flinders and Cape Barren islands, Tasmania, south of Victoria, in south-eastern Australia. The island is located within a conservation area and is part of the Chalky, Big Green and Badger Island Groups Important Bird Area.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Haworthia variegata
Haworthia variegata is a perennial succulent belonging to the genus Haworthia and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from Bredasdorp to Swellendam and Stilbaai.

Bredasdorp
Bredasdorp is a town in the Southern Overberg region of the Western Cape, South Africa, and the main economic and service hub of that region. It lies on the northern edge of the Agulhas Plain, about 160 kilometres (100 mi) south-east of Cape Town and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of Africa.

Tourist attractions of Bredasdorp include the Heuningberg Nature Reserve, many historical churches, and art galleries and craft shops.
Bredasdorp is also home to the Shipwreck Museum which tells the stories of the 150 wrecks along the nearby Agulhas Reef. It is the only museum of its kind in the southern hemisphere.
Algincola
Algincola is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Algincola quercina.

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
Meşelik, Şemdinli
Meşelik (Kurdish: Herkî) is an unpopulated village in the Şemdinli District in Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village was previously populated by Kurds of the Herkî tribe.

The hamlet of Yaman (Zîzan) is attached to the village.

Hakkâri Province
Hakkâri Province (pronounced [hacːaːɾi], Turkish: Hakkâri ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Colemêrg), is a province in the southeast of Turkey. It borders Van Province to the north, and Şırnak Province to the west. The administrative centre is the city of Hakkâri. Its area is 7,095 km2, and its population is 287,625 (2023). The current Governor is Ali Çelik. The province encompasses 8 municipalities, 140 villages and 313 hamlets. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

The province is a stronghold for Kurdish nationalism and a hotspot in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.
Bill Mellor
William Harpin Mellor (June 6, 1874 – November 5, 1940) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman. Mellor played for the Baltimore Orioles in 1902. In 10 career games, he had 13 hits in 36 at-bats, with 5 RBIs. He batted and threw right-handed. Mellor attended both Brown University and the University of Virginia.

Mellor was born in Camden, New Jersey and died in Bridgeton, Rhode Island.  He served as the head baseball coach at Connecticut Agricultural College—now known as the University of Connecticut—for one season, in 1920.

Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)
The Baltimore Orioles were a Major League Baseball team that played in Baltimore from 1901 to 1902. A charter member of the American League (AL), the team only lasted two seasons before folding after the 1902 season. The team was replaced the following season with the New York Highlanders, known since 1913 as the New York Yankees.
Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy
Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy is an Indian politician from the state of Andhra Pradesh. He  formerly served as Minister of Energy, Forest, Environment, Science and Technology, Mines and Geology in the Andhra Pradesh government since April 2022. Earlier he served as the Panchayat Raj and Rural Development and Mines and Geology Minister during 2019–2022. Reddy was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Indian National Congress from Pileru Assembly constituency  till 2009 And Punganur Assembly constituency till 2014, Later From YSR Congress Party for the Punganur Assembly constituency till now.
He won the 2009 elections from Punganur Assembly constituency and was appointed the Forest Minister in Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry. Post the death of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, he quit the ministerial post citing differences with Kiran Kumar Reddy, the later Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. In 2013, he joined YSR Congress Party. He later won 2014 elections and 2019 elections.

2009 Andhra Pradesh helicopter crash
The 2009 Andhra Pradesh helicopter crash occurred on 2 September 2009 near Rudrakonda Hill, 40 nautical miles (74 km) from Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. The helicopter was a Bell 430 helicopter owned by the Andhra Pradesh Government, and registered VT-APG. Fatalities included Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the then  Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh among others.
Maudsley
Maudsley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henry Maudsley (1835–1918), English psychiatrist

Robert Maudsley (born 1953), British serial killer

Ron Maudsley (1918–1981), British law professor and cricketer

Tony Maudsley (born 1968), English actor

Robert Maudsley
Robert John Maudsley (born 26 June 1953) is an English serial killer. Maudsley first killed a man who showed him pictures of children he had sexually abused. After surrendering himself to police and saying he needed psychiatric care, Maudsley was sent to Broadmoor Hospital, where he killed a convicted child molester. He later killed two men on the same day: one imprisoned for murdering and sexually assaulting his wife and another imprisoned for attempting to strangle a four-year-old girl. Maudsley's killings have been described as vigilantism.

Initial reports falsely stated he ate part of the brain of one of the men he killed in prison, which earned him the nickname "Hannibal the Cannibal" from parts of the British press and "The Brain Eater" among other prisoners. National newspapers were advised that the allegations were untrue, according to the post-mortem report. Maudsley is the longest-serving British prisoner in solitary confinement.
Kottan ermittelt
Kottan ermittelt is an Austrian television series that was aired by Austrian television ORF between 1976 and 1984. The satirical 19-episode series about a policeman from Vienna now sports cult status. Police major Adolf Kottan was played by three actors (Peter Vogel, Franz Buchrieser, Lukas Resetarits) who each gave the character a distinct 'flavor'.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
Municipality of North Illawarra
The  Municipality of North Illawarra was a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. It covered the area from Fairy Meadow to Bellambi.

Its council chambers were at Fairy Meadow, in a building that has since been repurposed.

The shire was amalgamated with the then-Municipality of Wollongong, Bulli Shire and Central Illawarra Shire to form a Municipality of Greater Wollongong, which was at the same time proclaimed as the City of Greater Wollongong, on 24 September 1947.

Fairy Meadow, New South Wales
Fairy Meadow is a suburb in the City of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. Located in the Illawarra region and only 4 km from the city centre, it is a mainly low-density residential area, with a large strip of commercial and industrial properties along and off the Princes Highway.
Ponnu Mappillai
Ponnu Mappillai (transl. Bride and Bridegroom) is a 1969 Indian Tamil-language film directed by S. Ramanathan and written by 'Usilai' T. Somanathan. The film stars Jaishankar and Kanchana. It was released on 26 September 1969.

Jaishankar (actor)
Jaishankar (born Shankar Subramaniyan Iyer on 12 July 1938, died 3 June 2000) was an Indian actor known for his work in Tamil cinema. He was a notable lead actor in the 1960s and 70s, who was credited onscreen with title of Makkal Kalaingnar (people's artiste) or Makkal Thamizhan (people's Tamil) in most of the films starring him. He was also referred to as Thennakathu James Bond (South Indian James Bond) because of his roles in films such as Vallavan Oruvan and CID Shankar.
Thomas Dann
Thomas Oliver Dann (30 January 1981 – 19 February 2021) was an English cricketer.  Tommy Dann was a right-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper.  He was born at Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and was later educated at Millfield School.

Dann represented the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against Northumberland in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  From 2000 to 2001, he represented the Board in 4 List A matches, the last of which came against the Leicestershire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2001. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 52 runs at a batting average of 26.00, with a high score of 27.  Behind the stumps he took 2 catches.

2000 NatWest Trophy
The 2000 NatWest Trophy was the 20th and last NatWest Trophy before being renamed as the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy for the 2001 season.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 2 May and 26 August 2000. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Warwickshire by 22 runs in the final at Lord's.
Stu Maschwitz
Stuart T. Maschwitz, commonly known as Stu Maschwitz, was the co-founder and chief technology officer of The Orphanage, a visual effects company that was based in California.  He has worked as senior visual effects supervisor on several films.  He previously worked at Industrial Light and Magic.

Maschwitz was writer, director, cinematographer, and editor for the film The Last Birthday Card (2000).  He directed the "Song For The Lonely" Cher video in 2001 as seen in The Very Best of Cher: The Video Hits Collection.  His film Skate Warrior is an example of guerrilla filmmaking. He studied animation at the California Institute of the Arts.

In 2007 he authored the book The DV Rebel's Guide: An All-Digital Approach to Making Killer Action Movies on the Cheap for Peachpit Press.

In 2008 following the suspension of The Orphanage he became software director of Red Giant Software. In October 2009 it was announced in The Hollywood Reporter that he would direct Psy-Ops.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Joseph Leon Lignières
Joseph Leon Marcel Lignières (March 26, 1868, Saint-Mihiel, Meuse, France – October 19, 1933, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a French-Argentinian veterinarian and bacteriologist, the binomial authority for the Salmonella genus of bacteria.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Journal of the Linnean Society
Journal of the Linnean Society is a series of specialised journals published by the Linnean Society of London:

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
The Biological Journal of the Linnean Society is a direct descendant of the oldest biological journal in the world, the Transactions of the Linnean Society. It succeeded the earlier title in 1969. The journal specializes in evolution, and encompasses work across all taxonomic groups in all five kingdoms of living organisms. It includes all methods, whole-organism or molecular, practical or theoretical.

The journal is published by the Linnean Society of London.
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)
The Confederation of African Football (CAF) section of the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification saw teams compete for five berths in the final tournament in South Africa.  The qualification stage doubled as the qualification stage for the 2010 African Cup of Nations, with fifteen teams qualifying for the finals held in Angola.

In total, 53 nations participated; however, due to the presence of the two tournaments' respective hosts, 52 teams were involved in each competition. South Africa qualified automatically as host for the World Cup, and Angola qualified as host for the African Cup of Nations.  Both nevertheless competed in the qualifying phase to attempt to qualify for the other tournament.

This was the first time since 1934 that the hosts would compete in World Cup qualifiers.  Angola's situation mirrored that of Egypt in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers in Africa, which doubled as the qualifiers to the 2006 African Cup of Nations hosted by Egypt.

2006 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2006 Africa Cup of Nations was the 25th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa. It was hosted by Egypt, from 20 January to 10 February. Just like in 2004, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fifth championship, beating Ivory Coast in the final 4–2 in a penalty shootout after the regulation time had ended in a goalless draw.
Knopp, Louisville
38°08′55″N 85°44′08″W﻿ / ﻿38.1487°N 85.7356°W﻿ / 38.1487; -85.7356
Knopp, also known as Knopp-Melton, is a neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky located along Grade Lane and Knopp Avenue. The area is mainly home to industrial and logistics businesses, especially that of UPS, whose Worldport is at Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport to the north of the neighborhood.

The area was the site of the crash of UPS Airlines Flight 2976 on November 4, 2025.

UPS Airlines Flight 2976
UPS Airlines Flight 2976 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight in the United States from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky, to Honolulu, Hawaii. On November 4, 2025, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operating the flight suffered a separation of its left engine during its takeoff roll and crashed into an industrial area seconds after liftoff from the runway, at about 5:13 p.m. local time (22:13 UTC). The crash killed fifteen people, which consisted of all three crew members on board the aircraft and an additional twelve people on the ground, one of whom succumbed to their injuries on December 25.

The accident is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board. Following the accident, UPS retired its remaining MD-11 fleet in January 2026.
Battle of Castelo Rodrigo
The Battle of Castelo Rodrigo, also known as the Battle of Salgadela, was fought on 7 July 1664, near Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, between Spanish and Portuguese as part of the Portuguese Restoration War.

After a number of skirmishes, the Duke of Osuna attacked the castle of Castelo Rodrigo with 7,000 men and 9 pieces of artillery.
The castle was only defended by 150 Portuguese.

The military commander of the province, Pedro Jacques de Magalhães, rallied 3,000 men and moved to the rescue of Castelo Rodrigo.

A battle took place near the village of Mata de Lobos in "Salgadela" which was won by the Portuguese. After an initial Spanish attack was repelled, the Portuguese counter-attack proved decisive. Many prisoners were taken and all the artillery pieces captured. It is told that Osuna and John of Austria the Younger, escaped disguised as monks.

A memorial stone was placed on the site of the battlefield.

40°52′N 6°57′W﻿ / ﻿40.867°N 6.950°W﻿ / 40.867; -6.950

Castle of Castelo Rodrigo
The Castle of Castelo Rodrigo (Portuguese: Castelo de Castelo Rodrigo) is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Castelo Rodrigo in the municipality of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, district of Guarda in Portugal.
Watch Tower (Waterford)
The Watch Tower is a tower on Manor Street in Waterford, Munster, Ireland. It is one of the six surviving towers of the city walls of Waterford. The cylindrical shape of the tower suggests that it was built in the 13th century. The arrow slit openings, or embrasures, with a gun loop at the bottom indicate that the tower was modified in the 15th or 16th century to facilitate artillery operations. The tower does not have any windows on the city side; it was built solely as a defensive structure without a secondary use as a dwelling. At the rear of the tower there are two entrances, one at ground level and another at wall-walk level.

The Close Gate once stood on the western side of the tower, where the road now runs. The gate was demolished in the eighteenth century by Bullocks Wyse of the Manor of St. John to facilitate easier access to his estate.

The other surviving towers are the Reginald's Tower, Double Tower, French Tower, Semi-Lunar Tower and Beach Tower

Arrowslit
An arrowslit (often also referred to as an arrow loop, loophole or loop hole, and sometimes a balistraria) is a narrow vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows or a crossbowman can launch bolts.

The interior walls behind an arrow loop are often cut away at an oblique angle so that the archer has a wide field of view and field of fire. Arrow slits come in a variety of forms. A common one is the cross, accommodating the use of both the longbow and the crossbow. The narrow vertical aperture permits the archer large degrees of freedom to vary the elevation and direction of their bowshot but makes it difficult for attackers to harm the archer since there is only a small target at which to aim.

Balistraria, plural balistrariae (from balister, crossbowman), can often be found in the curtain walls of medieval battlements beneath the crenellations.
Stardom Sendai Cinderella 2020
Stardom Sendai Cinderella 2020 (スターダム仙台シンデレラ2020, Sutādamu Sendai Shinderera 2020) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It took place on November 15, 2020 in Sendai, Japan, at the Sendai Sun Plaza with a limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show, and five of Stardom's seven championships were on the line. The main event saw Utami Hayashishita defeat Mayu Iwatani to win the World of Stardom Championship. In other prominent matches, Giulia successfully retained the Wonder of Stardom Championship against Konami, and Syuri defeated Bea Priestley to win the SWA World Championship.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.
1962–63 Ranji Trophy
The 1962–63 Ranji Trophy was the 29th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Rajasthan in the final. The tournament was severely impacted by the Chinese Aggression of 1962. Services and Railways pulled out of the tournament after playing one game each. Being so close to the action Assam and Odisha had to pull out of the tournament. When the ceasefire was ordered, the invaders were only a few kilometres away from Tezpur, which was the headquarters of Assam cricket. Bihar played one match and then closed their season as most of their players were employed in firms and factories which were pressed into defence production.

Services cricket team
The Services cricket team plays in the Ranji Trophy, the main domestic first-class cricket competition in India. Under the auspices of the Services Sports Control Board, they represent the Indian Armed Forces. Their home ground is the Palam A Stadium, Palam Air Force Base, New Delhi.