hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tonin Çobani
Tonin Çobani (born 5 November 1947) is an Albanian writer, folklorist and scholar from the city of Shkodër in Northern Albania. He is known for his works revolving Albanian mythology and Illyrian mythology, as well as works on Albanian historical figures such as Lekë Dukagjini, Frang Bardhi and Naim Frashëri. Çobani also worked as an academic in multiple universities around Albania, most notably the University of Shkodra.

Tonin Çobani also studies the life of Gjergj Fishta as well as Fishta's book The Highland Lute, which he uses as the main source in his books and works on Albanian (Arbëresh) folklore. He has also made several works on the "mythological parts" of the book. Tonin is a descendant of the Çobani tribe, a notable tribe of Shkodër.

Lezhë
Lezhë (Albanian: [ˈlɛʒə], Albanian definite form: Lezha) is a city in the Republic of Albania and seat of Lezhë County and Lezhë Municipality. It is one of Albania's oldest continuously inhabited cities, with roughly 2,400 years of recorded history.

One of the main strongholds of the Labeatai, the earliest of the fortification walls of Lezhë are of typical Illyrian construction and are dated to the late 4th century BC. Lezhë was one of the main centres of the Illyrian kingdom. During the conflicts with Macedon, it was captured by Philip V becoming the Macedonian outlet to the Adriatic Sea. The city was later recovered by the Illyrians. It was subjected to Rome after the Roman-Illyrian wars and the fall of Gentius' realm. Lezhë was the site of the League of Lezhë where Skanderbeg united the Albanian lords in the fight against the Ottoman Empire.
Surfer's myelopathy
Surfer's myelopathy is a rare, nontraumatic spinal cord injury caused by hyperextension of the back and resulting in paraplegia (paralysis below the waist). During hyperextension, a blood vessel leading to the spine, such as the anterior spinal artery, can become kinked, depriving the spinal cord of oxygen. Although the condition derives its name from the fact that the phenomenon is most often seen in those surfing for the first time, it can be caused by any activity in which the back is hyperextended (yoga, pilates, etc.). In some cases, the paralysis is permanent.

Recommendations for prevention of myelopathy include proper warm-up, limiting session length, and sitting rather than lying on the board while waiting for waves.

A surfer paddling.

Surfer sitting on his board, thereby resting his back.

Anterior spinal artery
In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the artery that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. It is reinforced by several contributory arteries, especially the artery of Adamkiewicz.
Baseball Reference
Baseball Reference is a baseball statistics database maintained by Sports Reference. The site provides career statistics for Major League Baseball (MLB) players and teams as well as records, MLB draft history, and sabermetrics.

Sabermetrics
Sabermetrics (originally SABRmetrics)  is the original or blanket term for sports analytics for the empirical analysis of baseball, especially the development of advanced metrics based on baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the movement's progenitors, members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), founded in 1971, and was coined by Bill James, 
(in 1980, according to SABR.org), who is one of its pioneers and considered its most prominent advocate and public face.

The term moneyball refers to the use of metrics to identify "undervalued players" and sign them to what ideally will become "below market value" contracts; it began as an effort by small-market teams to compete with the much greater resources of big-market ones.
Walter Anderson (historian)
Walter Anderson (1723–1800), was a historian.

Anderson was for fifty years minister of Chirnside, Berwickshire. He was the author of a rare (anonymous) book (said to have been suggested in jest by Hume), The History of Crœsus, King of Lydia, in four parts, containing observations (1) on the Ancient Notions of Destiny; (2) on Dreams; (3) on the Origin and Credit of Oracles; (4) and the Principles on which their Responses were defended against any attack, 12mo, 1755. It is chiefly a translation from Herodotus, with a serious discussion of the inspiration of oracles. It was ridiculed in the first Edinburgh Review, and in Smollett's The Critical Review. In 1769 he published a history of France under Francis II and Charles IX; in 1775 a continuation to the Edict of Nantes, and in 1783 another to the Peace of Munster. Each book, it is said, was paid for by the sale of a house. In 1791 he published a volume on the Philosophy of Ancient Greece.

He died on 31 August 1800 at Chirnside.

Edinburgh Review
The Edinburgh Review is the title of five distinct intellectual and cultural magazines. The best known, longest-lasting, and most influential of the four was the third, which was published regularly from 1802 to 1929.
Joyce Scott
Joyce Scott FRSASA 'is an Australian artist working in drawing, oil painting and ceramics.' 'She has held ten independent exhibitions, is represented internationally and has received five awards.' 'Scott, née Mottershead, was born in Poynton, Cheshire, England in 1938 and migrated with her family to Adelaide, South Australia in 1951.'

South Australian Living Artists Festival
The South Australian Living Artists Festival (SALA, or SALA Festival) is a statewide, open-access visual arts festival which takes place throughout August in South Australia each year.

The SALA features a range of approximately 600 venues including galleries and non-traditional spaces such as cafes, bookshops, and cemeteries which exhibit all forms of visual arts.
Welch Rocks
Welch Rocks are two rocks 1 kilometre (0.5 nmi) north of Welch Island in the east part of Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. Plotted from photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1958 and 1959. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) after Welch Island.

Holme Bay
Holme Bay is a bay in Antarctica in Mac. Robertson Land, 22 miles (35 km) wide, containing many islands, indenting the coast 5 miles (8 km) north of the Framnes Mountains. Holme Bay is largely snow-free and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition in January-February 1937, and named Holmevika because of its island-studded character (holme means "islet" in Norwegian) .
Night service (public transport)
Night service, sometimes also known as owl service, is a mode of public transport service operated during the night hours. As an intermediate approach – between providing full service around the clock and stopping services altogether – it provides more limited service during times of lower passenger volume, saving resources and allowing for maintenance on primary transportation systems. They typically offer fewer routes and less frequent service. Night-based services may be differently branded compared to daytime services. Examples are London and Chicago, where overnight buses are prefixed with an "N" for "night". Another common way to distinguish night services from their daytime counterparts is dark-colored line numbers. Some cities apply a different fare structure for night services from their daytime services.

Fare
A fare is the fee paid by a passenger for use of the public transport system: rail, bus, taxi, etc. In the case of air transport, the term airfare is often used. Fare structure is the system set up to determine how much is to be paid by various passengers using a transit vehicle at any given time. A linked trip is a trip from the origin to the destination on the transit system. Even if a passenger must make several transfers during a journey, the trip is counted as one linked trip on the system.
Gerda Roux
Gerda Roux (born 4 December 1973), is a South African athlete who competes in compound archery. After starting archery in June 2012, she achieved international success winning the bronze medal at the major World Archery Federation competition, the World Archery Championships, in 2013. Her husband, Patrick Roux, won a team silver medal at the same event. She has also represented South Africa at the  Archery World Cup.

Compound bow
In modern archery, a compound bow is a bow that uses a levering system, usually of cables and pulleys, to bend the limbs. The compound bow was first developed in 1966 by Holless Wilbur Allen in North Kansas City, Missouri, and a US patent was granted in 1969. Compound bows are widely used in target practice and hunting.

Compound bows are typically constructed of man-made materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while traditional bows and warbows usually are entirely or partially made of wood or bamboo.

The pulley/cam system grants the user a mechanical advantage, and so the limbs of a compound bow are much stiffer than those of a recurve bow or longbow. This rigidity makes the compound bow more energy-efficient than traditional bows, as less energy is dissipated in limb movement. The higher-rigidity, more advanced construction also improves accuracy by reducing the bow's sensitivity to changes in temperature and humidity.
Nagpur Teachers constituency
Nagpur Teachers constituency is one of 78 Legislative Council seats in Maharashtra. This constituency encompasses the entire Nagpur division, which includes the districts of Nagpur, Wardha, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli.

Nagpur district
Nagpur district (Marathi pronunciation: [naːɡpuːɾ]) is a district in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central India. The city of Nagpur is the district administrative centre. The district is part of Nagpur Division.

Nagpur district is bounded by Bhandara district on the east, Chandrapur district on the southeast, Wardha district on the southwest, Amravati district on the northwest and Chhindwara district and Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh state on the north.
Bakara Well Cave
Bakara Well Cave is a limestone doline cave lying approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) east-northeast from Adelaide in the District Council of Loxton Waikerie in the Murray and Mallee region of South Australia.

The cave consists of a flat-roofed chamber of standing height with short, low tunnels branching off it.

Following Wayne Goedecke’s discovery of the cave in 1971, members of the Cave Exploration Group of South Australia completed surveying and mapping in 1976.

In a 2024 article for Caves Australia, Karl Brandt proposed the Bakara Well Cave as the lair of Chinny-kinik, the dreaded cannibal giant from Australian Aboriginal mythology.

Regions of South Australia
In South Australia, one of the states of Australia, there are many areas which are commonly known by regional names. Regions are areas that share similar characteristics. These characteristics may be natural such as the Murray River, the coastline, desert or mountains. Alternatively, the characteristics may be cultural, such as common land use. South Australia is divided by numerous sets of regional boundaries, based on different characteristics. In many cases boundaries defined by different agencies are coterminous.
Michelle Shields
Michelle Shields is an American actress, model and singer. She is primarily known for her roles in various horror films including starring as Elizabeth in Frankenstein: Day of the Beast, acting opposite of horror legend Linnea Quigley in Post Mortem America, 2021 in a featured role, appearing in Sister Mary, and having on screen roles in blockbusters such as The Dark Knight.

Shields has worked with the likes of Lloyd Kaufman, Larry Thomas, James Vallo, and Bruce Vilanch. She also does work in television and stage. She also stars in several comics produced by Comic Book Divas. Shields is also a multi-time featured guest at the annual Days of the Dead
 convention, the Wheaton All Night conventions and Days of Terror, as well as many others.

She was recently cast as the lead in the feature film Llorona and a featured role in the remake of Night of the Living Dead.

Lloyd Kaufman
Stanley Lloyd Kaufman Jr. (born December 30, 1945) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. Alongside producer Michael Herz, he is the co-founder of Troma Entertainment film studio, and the director of many of their feature films, including The Toxic Avenger (1984) and Tromeo and Juliet (1996). Many of the strategies employed by him at Troma have been credited with making the film industry significantly more accessible and decentralized.

Lloyd Kaufman has received dozens of lifetime achievement awards over the course of his film career. His influence on generations of filmmakers is vast and undeniable, reaching far beyond the United States. Across Europe, students and emerging artists alike reverently refer to him as Maestro—a testament to the enduring impact of his work, his teaching, and his uncompromising devotion to truly independent cinema.
Gregory Sutton
Gregory Joseph Sutton (born 19 March 1951) is an Australian convicted child sexual abuser and former member of the Roman Catholic religious order of the Marist Brothers. Sutton taught in Marist Brother schools in Queensland, New South Wales and Canberra between 1973 and 1987 and has served more than 12 years in prison for 67 offences against children.

In March 2025, Sutton was given a suspended sentence of 15 months for abusing a boy in Innisfail, North Queensland between 1973 and 1975.

The failure of the Marist Brothers to deal with Sutton's prolific offending was examined in Case Study 13 of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.

Innisfail, Queensland
Innisfail (from Irish: Inis Fáil) is a regional town and locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. The town was originally called Geraldton until 1910. In the 2021 census, the town of Innisfail had a population of 7,173 people, while the locality of Innisfail (the town's centre) had a population of 1,091 people.

Innisfail is the largest township of the Cassowary Coast Region and is known for its sugar and banana industries, as well as for being one of Australia's wettest towns. In March 2006, Innisfail gained worldwide attention when Tropical Cyclone Larry passed over, causing extensive damage.
Chris Spence (educator)
Christopher M. Spence is a retired former Canadian educator, author, and former Canadian football player. He is the former Director of Education of the Toronto District School Board and former Director of Education of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board.

Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board
The Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board (HWDSB), formerly known as English-language Public District School Board No. 21 prior to 1999, is the public school board for the city of Hamilton. Established on January 1, 1998, via the amalgamation of the Hamilton and Wentworth County school boards, the board currently operates 93 elementary and secondary schools.

The board has approximately 50,000 students in its 93 neighbourhood schools. In addition to the programming offered at 80 elementary and 13 secondary schools, a number of alternative programs focusing on sports, academics, science, arts and languages are available. The current director of education is Sheryl Robinson Petrazzini.
Dual of BCH is an independent source
A certain family of BCH codes have a particularly useful property, which is that
treated as linear operators, their dual operators turns their input into an -wise independent source.  That is, the set of vectors from the input vector space are mapped to an -wise independent source.  The proof of this fact below as the following Lemma and Corollary is useful in derandomizing the algorithm for a -approximation to MAXEkSAT.

Dual basis
In linear algebra, given a vector space  with a basis  of vectors indexed by an index set  (the cardinality of  is the dimension of ), the dual set of  is a set  of vectors in the dual space  with the same index set  such that  and  form a biorthogonal system. The dual set is always linearly independent but does not necessarily span . If it does span , then  is called the dual basis or reciprocal basis for the basis .

Denoting the indexed vector sets as  and , being biorthogonal means that the elements pair to have an inner product equal to 1 if the indexes are equal, and equal to 0 otherwise. Symbolically, evaluating a dual vector in  on a vector in the original space :

where  is the Kronecker delta symbol.
Yaquina Head Light
The Yaquina Head Light, also known early in its existence as the Cape Foulweather Lighthouse (Cape Foul Weather is 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north) is a lighthouse on the Oregon Coast of the United States, established in 1873. It is located in Lincoln County, near Newport at Yaquina Head. The tower stands 93 feet (28 m) tall, and is the tallest lighthouse in Oregon.

Lincoln County, Oregon
Lincoln County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,395. The county seat is Newport. The county is named for Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States.

Lincoln County includes the Newport, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Girl of the Uchter Moor
The Girl of the Uchter Moor, also known as Moora, is the name given to a female Iron Age bog body discovered in 2000 in marshland near Uchte, Germany. The remains include vertebrae, hair, and skull pieces. The studies of the body began in 2005. The radiocarbon dating performed at the University of Kiel showed that she had died between 764 and 515 BC. Despite common Iron Age burial practices, the body was not cremated. All the body parts are estimated to have been found except for one scapula.

Before DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating, the body was initially believed to be that of a sixteen-year-old girl, Elke Kerll, who had disappeared in 1969 after going to a dance club.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Kurnool Urban Development Authority
The Kurnool Urban Development Authority (KUDA) is an urban planning agency in the Kurnool district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was constituted on 1 February 2016, under Andhra Pradesh Metropolitan Region and Urban Development Authority Act, 2016 with the headquarters located at Kurnool.

Kurnool
Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema". Kurnool is also famous for Diamond hunting as diamonds can be found in the barren land of Kurnool after the top layers of soil are washed away by the monsoon rains. It also serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. As of 2011 census, it is the fifth most populous city in the state with a population of 425,214. It is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the Konda Reddy Fort.
Amboy Crater
Amboy Crater is a dormant cinder cone volcano that rises above a 70-square-kilometer (27 sq mi) lava field in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California, within Mojave Trails National Monument.

It is about 75 miles (120 km) equidistant from Barstow to the west and Needles to the east, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of historic U.S. Route 66, near the town of Amboy in San Bernardino County. In 1973, Amboy Crater was designated the Amboy Crater National Natural Landmark.

Needles, California
Needles is a city in San Bernardino County, in the Mojave Desert region of Southern California. Situated on the western banks of the Colorado River, Needles is located near the California border with Arizona and Nevada. The city is accessible via Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 95. The population was 4,931 at the 2020 census, up from 4,844 at the 2010 census.
Canton of Cloyes-sur-le-Loir
The Canton of Cloyes-sur-le-Loir is a French former canton, located in the arrondissement of Châteaudun, in the Eure-et-Loir département (Centre région). It had 9,693 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 15 communes, which joined the canton of Brou in 2015.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 149
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 149 (P. Oxy. 149 or P. Oxy. I 149) is a receipt, written in Greek and discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The document was written on 22 September 572. Currently it is housed in the Egyptian Museum (10045) in Cairo.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Westvleteren Brewery
Westvleteren (Dutch: Brouwerij Westvleteren) is a brewery founded in 1838 at the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus in Vleteren, Belgium. The brewery brews three traditional Trappist beers in small quantities to support the operations and philanthropic causes of the abbey. The brewery is referred to by several names in Dutch and English, including Westvleteren Brewery and the Saint-Sixtus Abbey brewery.

Vleteren
Vleteren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvleːtərə(n)]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Oostvleteren, Westvleteren and Woesten. On January 1, 2006, Vleteren had a total population of 3,636. The total area is 38.15 km2 which gives a population density of 95 inhabitants per km2.