hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ewery
A ewery was the office in a wealthy medieval English household responsible for water and the vessels for drinking or washing of the person. The word derives from "ewer", a type of pitcher. This office was not responsible for laundry, which was handled by the offices of laundry and napery (table linen). The three offices did work closely together, however, and could be concurrent in smaller households.

Pitcher (container)
In American English, a pitcher is a container with a handle and a spout, used for storing and pouring liquids. In English-speaking countries outside North America, such a container is called a jug.

Ewer is an older word for a pitcher or jug of any type, though tending to be used for a vase-shaped pitcher, often decorated, with a base and a flaring spout. The word is now unusual in informal English describing ordinary domestic vessels. A notable ewer is the America's Cup, which is awarded to the winning team of the America's Cup sailing regatta match.
George Dumbell
George William Dumbell QC (17 September 1804 – 13 December 1887) was a British advocate, businessman and philanthropist who was invited to become a Member of the House of Keys serving two different terms (1840–1857 and 1867–1880). He is also remembered on the Isle of Man as being involved in two banking ventures of questionable reputation; the Joint Stock Bank and Dumbell's Bank.

Tynwald
Tynwald (Manx: Tinvaal), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal) or Tynwald Court, is the legislature of the Isle of Man. It consists of two chambers, known as the branches of Tynwald: the directly elected House of Keys and the indirectly chosen Legislative Council. When the two chambers sit together, they become "Tynwald Court".

The chambers sit jointly, on Tynwald Day at St John's for largely ceremonial purposes, and usually once a month in the Legislative Buildings in Douglas. Otherwise, the two chambers sit separately, with the House of Keys originating most legislation, and the Legislative Council acting as a revising chamber.
Torque vectoring
Torque vectoring is a technology employed in automobile differentials that has the ability to vary the torque to each half-shaft with an electronic system; or in rail vehicles which achieve the same using individually motored wheels.  This method of power transfer has recently become popular in all-wheel drive vehicles.  Some newer front-wheel drive vehicles also have a basic torque vectoring differential. As technology in the automotive industry improves, more vehicles are equipped with torque vectoring differentials. This allows for the wheels to grip the road for better launch and handling.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Kolessa
Kolessa is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Filaret Kolessa (1871–1947), Ukrainian ethnographer, folklorist, and composer

Lubka Kolessa (1902–1997), Ukrainian Canadian classical pianist

Mykola Kolessa (1903–2006), Ukrainian composer and conductor

Filaret Kolessa
Filaret Mykhailovych Kolessa (Ukrainian: Філарет Михайлович Колесса; 17 July 1871 – 3 March 1947) was a Ukrainian composer, ethnographer, folklorist, musicologist and literary critic. He was a member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society from 1909, The All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences from 1929, and the founder of Ukrainian ethnographic musicology.
Nam Hyun-woo (tennis)
Nam Hyun-woo (born 9 January 1985) is a Korean former professional tennis player.

Born in Incheon, Nam featured in a single Davis Cup tie for South Korea, against Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur in 2004. He won his singles rubber over Mohammed-Noor Noordin.

Nam, a quarterfinalist at the 2007 Summer Universiade, twice appeared in the main draw of a ATP Tour tournament, as a qualifier at both the 2007 Japan Open and 2008 China Open.

2007 Summer Universiade
The 2007 Summer Universiade officially known as the XXIV Summer Universiade and commonly known as Bangkok Universiade, was an international multi-sport for university athletes that took place from 8 to 18 August 2007 in Bangkok, Thailand, with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 7 August. Bangkok also hosted the Asian Games in 1966, 1970, 1978 and 1998.
Maki Mizuno
Maki Mizuno (水野 真紀, Mizuno Maki; real name Yuki Gotoda (後藤田 由紀, Gotōda Yuki), born as Yuki Enowaki (江野脇 由紀, Enowaki Yuki) on 28 March 1970) is a Japanese actress. She has appeared in jidaigeki and contemporary dramas. She has also appeared in the 2004 Godzilla movie Godzilla: Final Wars.

Jidaigeki
Jidaigeki (時代劇) is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. Literally meaning "period dramas", it refers to stories that take place before the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
Tomas van Houtryve
Tomas van Houtryve is a Belgian visual artist, director and cinematographer working mainly with photography and video. He is known for using a wide range of contemporary and early image-making techniques. Van Houtryve is a Fellow at Columbia University's Institute for Ideas and Imagination in Paris, an emeritus member of the VII Photo Agency, a National Geographic Explorer since 2024, and a Contributing Artist for Harper's Magazine.

Pictures of the Year International
Pictures of the Year International (POYi) is a professional development program for visual journalists run on a non-profit basis by the Missouri School of Journalism's Donald W. Reynolds Journalism Institute. POYi began as an annual competition for photojournalism in 1944. POYi promotes the work of documentary photographers and magazine, newspaper, and freelance photojournalists.

POYi's projects have included the Pictures of the Year International Competition, an annual contest for documentary photographers and photojournalists; career-development symposiums and visual workshops for professionals and college students; Visions of Excellence, a series of exhibitions of award-winning photography; and the POYi Archive, comprising over 38,000 historic photographs.
2010 Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council election
The 2010 election for the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Council was held on 6 May 2010.  The 2010 General Election and other local elections in England took place on the same day.

In London council elections the entire council is elected every four years.

2010 United Kingdom local elections
The 2010 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 6 May 2010, concurrently with the 2010 general election. Direct elections were held to all 32 London boroughs, all 36 metropolitan boroughs, 76 second-tier district authorities, 20 unitary authorities and various Mayoral posts, all in England. For those authorities elected "all out" these were the first elections since 2006.

The results provided some comfort to the Labour Party, losing the general election on the same day, as it was the first time Conservative councillor numbers declined since 1996.
SNCF Class A1AA1A 68000
The SNCF Class A1AA1A 68000 is a class of diesel-electric locomotives of the SNCF. Originally a class of 80 locomotives, they were built for both passenger and freight service. They were ordered on 7 June 1961, the first entering service on 13 December 1963 at Chalindrey depot. A further 5 were added by refitting members of the similar AGO powered Class A1AA1A 68500 with Sulzer engines, thought to be those formerly used in the BR Class 48 locomotives, D1702–1706. Subsequently, 13 members of the class were rebuilt as Class A1AA1A 68500, 1 in 1963 and 12 in 1993. The last was withdrawn from traffic in 2005, with the exception of 68081 which has been preserved at the Cité du Train.

Cité du Train
The Cité du Train  (English: City of the Train or Train City), situated in Mulhouse, France, is one of the ten largest railway museums in the world. It is the successor to the Musée Français du Chemin de Fer (French National Railway Museum), the organisation responsible for the conservation of major historical SNCF railway equipment.
Thomas J. Kelly (aerospace engineer)
Thomas Joseph Kelly (June 14, 1929 – March 23, 2002) was an American aerospace engineer. Kelly primarily worked on the Apollo Lunar Module, which earned him the name of "Father of the Lunar Module" from NASA.

Kelly graduated from Cornell University in 1951, where he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. Afterwards, Kelly obtained his MS degree from Columbia University and Ph.D. from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

Kelly was the project engineer, engineering manager and deputy program manager for Grumman Aircraft's Apollo Lunar Module (1962–1970). His 2001 book Moon Lander: How We Developed the Apollo Lunar Module documents the process of designing, building and flying the Lunar Module.

Kelly was portrayed by Matt Craven in the 1998 miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.

Quill and Dagger
Quill and Dagger is a senior honor society at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. It was founded in 1893 for men-only but later began admitting women. In 1929, The New York Times stated that election into Quill and Dagger constituted "the highest non-scholastic honor within reach of undergraduates."
Under Armour Undeniable Performance ESPY Award
The Under Armour Undeniable Performance ESPY Award was only awarded once, in 2006, on the player, irrespective of gender or nationality, adjudged to have made, in a given calendar year, the most significant, remarkable, and undeniable performance in a single regular season or playoff game contested professionally under the auspices of one of the four major North American leagues or collegiately under the auspices of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.  The award was one of two corporate-sponsored ESPYs; the titular sponsor designates criteria for selection consistent with its advertising campaigns.

Balloting for the award was conducted over the Internet by fans from amongst between three and five choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.  At the time, the ESPY Awards ceremony was conducted in June (it is now held in July) and awards conferred reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months preceding presentation.

Fan (person)
A fan or fanatic, sometimes also termed an aficionado or enthusiast, is a person who exhibits strong interest or admiration for something or somebody, such as a celebrity, a sport, a sports team, a genre, a politician, a book, a television show, a movie, a video game or an entertainer. Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or fandom. They may show their enthusiasm in a variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of a related fan club, holding or participating in fan conventions or writing fan mail. They may also engage in creative activities ("fan labor") such as creating fanzines, writing fan fiction, making memes, drawing fan art, or developing fan games. Some excessively avid fans are called "stans" (a portmanteau of stalker and fan).
1964 Cork Junior Hurling Championship
The 1964 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the 67th staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 6 December 1964 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Castlemartyr and Cloughduv, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in 13 years. Castlemartyr won the match by 4-05 to 2-09 to claim their second championship title overall and a first championship title in 13 years.

Cloughduv GAA
Cloughduv GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association based in the village of Cloughduv in County Cork, Ireland. The club is a member of the Muskerry division of Cork GAA. The club fields hurling team only. There are two Gaelic football clubs in the parish (Kilmurry parish) - Canovee and Kilmurry - and there is often an overlap of players between the different clubs.
Mount Holdsworth, New Zealand
Mount Holdsworth is a rural locality and a statistical area in the Carterton District and Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. The locality is about 17 km north of Carterton by road, and the statistical area covers the entire district north and west of Carterton. The main eastern entrance to the Tararua Forest Park is from Mount Holdsworth.

Wellington Region
Greater Wellington, also known as the Wellington Region (Māori: Te Upoko o te Ika), is the southernmost region of the North Island of New Zealand. The local government region covers an area of 8,049 square kilometres (3,108 sq mi), and has a population of 543,400 (June 2025).

The region takes its name from Wellington, New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including the cities of Wellington, Porirua, Lower Hutt, and Upper Hutt, accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the  Kapiti conurbation (Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki) and the town of Masterton.
Calixto García, Cuba
Calixto García (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈliɣsto ɣaɾˈsi.a]) is a municipality in eastern Cuba, in the province of Holguín. It has a population of 53,722 inhabitants. Its activities are centered around agriculture (fruits and root vegetables) and cattle farming focused on beef production. Buenaventura is the capital of the Calixto García Municipality. The municipality was named for Calixto García Iñiguez, a hero of the War of Independence.

Cuban War of Independence
The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). During the war, Spain sent 220,285 soldiers to Cuba—according to the Library of Congress, the largest army to cross the Atlantic until World War II. The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.
Engineered cellular magmatic
Engineered cellular magmatics (ECMs) are synthetic stone of glass and ceramic. ECMs replicate rare, naturally occurring volcanic materials, and exhibit useful structural and chemical properties of those materials. The US Department of Energy has recognized ECMs as an advanced material, funding further research into the manufacture and application of ECMs through ARPA-E and Savannah River National Laboratory.

Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO(4−2x)−4−x]n, where 0 ≤ x < 2.  The family includes orthosilicate SiO4−4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO2−3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si2O6−7 (x = 0.5, n = 2).  The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. The name "silicate" is sometimes extended to any anions containing silicon, even if they do not fit the general formula or contain other atoms besides oxygen; such as hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals.

For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates are versatile materials, both natural (such as granite, gravel, and garnet) and artificial (such as Portland cement, ceramics, glass, and waterglass).
Fanger
Fanger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Fanger (born 1988), Swiss footballer

Élisabeth Fanger (born 1956), French author

Povl Ole Fanger (1934–2006), Danish academic and engineer

Élisabeth Fanger
Élisabeth Fanger (born 1956) is the French author of J'avais dix-huit ans (English: I was 18), an autobiographical account of her adventures following her bank-robber boyfriend Sid Mohamed Badaoui on the run from Paris. The trip would lead them to Spain, Morocco, and eventually Greece. Fanger's novel was made into the 2004 Benoît Jacquot film À tout de suite (English translation of title: Right Away).
Komarthi
Komarthi is a Panchayat village in Narasannapeta mandal of Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Postal Index Number of this village is 532421.

National Highway 16 (India) passes through Komarthi village.

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (abbreviated as APSRTC) is the state-owned road transport corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru bus station of Vijayawada. Many other Indian metros and towns in Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the APSRTC services. It was merged into the state government after the creation of AP Public Transport Department (APPTD) in September 2019.
Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman
Mk Ibrahim bin Abd Rahman is a Malaysian politician who has served as Speaker of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly since September 2023. He served as Member of the Seremban City Council (MBS) from 2020 to 2023. He is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition and formerly a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Barisan Alternatif (BA) coalitions. He has also served as State Chairman of AMANAH of Negeri Sembilan since November 2019. He was State Vice Chairman of AMANAH of Negeri Sembilan before his promotion to the state chairmanship in November 2019. He also served as the State Commissioner of PAS of Negeri Sembilan from 1999 to 2001.

Seremban City Council
Seremban City Council (Malay: Majlis Bandaraya Seremban, abbreviated MBS) is the city council in Malaysia which administers Seremban, the state capital of Negeri Sembilan and the surrounding areas in the Seremban District since 1 January 2020. This agency is under the Negeri Sembilan State Government.
Turks in Japan
Turks in Japan (Japanese: 在日トルコ人（ざいにちトルコじん）; Turkish: Japonya Türkleri) are Turks living in Japan. Historically, the term has included Turkic (particularly Volga Tatar) émigrés and immigrants from the former Russian Empire, most of whom later acquired Turkish citizenship.

Émigré
An émigré (French: [emigʁe]) is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb émigrer meaning "to emigrate".
HUD User
HUD USER is an information source containing reports and reference documents for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). HUD USER was established by the HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) in 1978.

Source text
A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

More generally, source material or symbolic sources are objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc. Symbolic sources exclude, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a midden—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.
INS Nirdeshak (J19)
INS Nirdeshak (J19) (Hindi: निर्देशक  lit. director) was the sixth ship of the Sandhayak class of the Indian Navy. The ship operated as a hydrographic survey ship in the Indian Navy, under the Eastern Naval Command. Nirdeshak was equipped to prepare a variety of marine charts and maps for ECDIS system. The ship's secondary role was to conduct humanitarian aid and disaster management operations, wherein the ship could be converted into a hospital ship. The ship was also equipped with an operating theater and associated equipment needed to attend to medical emergencies at sea.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Treaty of Pipton
The Treaty of Pipton was signed on 22 June 1265 during the Second Barons' War and concluded an alliance between Simon de Montfort and the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.

The treaty, signed at Pipton, Powys, came after Simon de Montfort's defeat of English King Henry III at the Battle of Lewes in 1264. The king and his son Prince Edward were captured. Llywelyn began negotiations with de Montfort, and in 1265 offered him the sum of 30,000 marks in exchange for a permanent peace, in which Llywelyn was acknowledged as the Prince of Wales. The treaty established an alliance between Llywelyn and de Montfort, an alliance cemented by the widower Prince agreeing to a betrothal between himself and de Montfort's only daughter Eleanor but the favourable terms primarily that the fealty of all the Princes, Lords and Chieftains of Wales be recognised as belonging to Llywelyn by right of sovereignty indicated de Montfort's desperate need for a counter to the power of the English Marcher Lords.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.