hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zulmai Tufan
Zulmai Tufan was a major aligned with Ittihad-i Islami and Abdul Rasul Sayyaf and a major power in the area around Kabul, Afghanistan.

In the lead up to the Afshar Operation Tufan, along with Shir Alam was reported to have been present as representatives of Abdul Sayyaf, at the major meeting with Ahmad Shah Massoud two days prior to the operation, as well as the meeting with Sayyaf the following day, in which the operation was planned.

He has been accused of abuses, including killing prisoners using tank chains.

Afshar massacre
The Afshar Massacre was a state-sponsored military operation in Afghanistan that took place on February 11–12, 1993 during the Second Afghan Civil War. The operation was launched by Ahmad Shah Massoud and Burhanuddin Rabbani's Islamic State of Afghanistan government and the allied Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf's Ittehad-i Islami paramilitary forces against the densely populated, Hazara majority, Afshar district in west Kabul. The Afshar operation, which saw hundreds of Shia Hazaras systemically targeted and depopulated from villages in the area was considered one of the first such sectarian oriented incident in Afghanistan's modern history. It is also considered to have been one of the worst single events in Afghanistan's wars.
Marina Stepnova
Marina Lvovna Stepnova (née Rovner; born 2 September 1971, in Yefremov) is a Russian writer and poet, best known for her books Women of Lazarus (2011), which won the Big Book Award, and was nominated for the Russian Booker Prize and the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2012, and The Garden (2020), which won the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2021.

Yefremov (town)
Yefremov (Russian: Ефре́мов, Russian pronunciation: [jɪˈfrʲeməf]) is a town and the administrative center of Yefremovsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Krasivaya Mecha River (Don's tributary), 149 kilometers (93 mi) south of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  42,350 (2010 Census); 47,256 (2002 Census); 56,740 (1989 Soviet census).
Liu Jiang (politician)
Liu Jiang (Chinese: 刘江; born April 1940) is a retired Chinese politician who served as Minister of Agriculture between 1993 and 1998.

Liu was a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and 16th Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was also a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the 11th Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1997 to 2002. The 14th Central Committee preceded it. It was followed by the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This was the first Central Committee that current CCP general secretary Xi Jinping was elected to, as an alternative member.

It elected the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1997. Plenary sessions were held by the politburo.
A Poem Upon the Late Glorious Successes
A Poem Upon the Late Glorious Successes of Her Majesty's Arms is a 1707 pamphlet poem by the British writer Nicholas Rowe, later poet laureate. It was composed as a panegyric to commemorate the campaigns of the British general the Duke of Marlborough during the War of the Spanish Succession. It was one of a group of celebratory works that came in the wake of Marlborough's victory at the Battle of Ramillies. Rowe's fellow writer Joseph Addison had produced The Campaign in similar style.

It was inscribed to Lord Godolphin, at time Lord Treasurer and head of government. It has been described as "Rowe's first major statement as a poet" and was part of the developing Whig tradition in writing, that broke with the earlier Toryism of John Dryden. It was published by Jacob Tonson, known for his association with Whig writers through the Kit Cat Club.

The same year Rowe also produced another political work Unio to celebrate the recent Act of Union that created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Panegyric
A panegyric (US: /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ or UK: /ˌpænɪˈdʒaɪrɪk/) or praise poem is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens.
Signal Hill, Calgary
Signal Hill is a community in Calgary, Alberta. It contains the residential neighbourhoods of Sienna Hills and Signal Ridge. It is bounded by Sarcee Trail to the east, 17th Ave to the north, Stoney Trail to the south and 69th St to the west.

Battalion Park is established on the southern slopes of the hill and the shopping centres at Westhills Towne Centre, Signal Hill Centre, Westmarket Square and Signature Park Plaza serve the community. Located in the Signal Hill Centre area is a public library called Signal Hill, which serves the surrounding community.

The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956, and Signal Hill was established in 1986. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor Richard Pootmans, on a provincial level by Calgary West MLA Mike Ellis, and at federal level by Calgary Signal Hill MP David McKenzie.

Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from the concepts of conquest, which describes the gaining of physical control, and cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty.

Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies.

The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using the word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel, Morocco and Russia, the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such.
Technolangue/Easy
Technolangue/Easy was the first evaluation campaign for the syntactic parsers of French.

This project was supported by the French Research Ministry (Ministère de recherche français).

Technolangue/Easy included four tasks between 2003 and 2006:

corpora constitution

production of consensual annotation guidelines

manual corpora annotation using a dedicated annotation formalism

evaluation of the participating parsers

13 laboratories and companies submitted their parser to the evaluation (making a total of 16 runs) with 7 research laboratories, 3 R&D institutes and 3 private companies. Said in other terms, most of the existing French parsers competed.

Annotation
An annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. It can be a note that includes a comment or explanation. Annotations are sometimes presented in the margin of book pages. For annotations of different digital media, see web annotation and text annotation.
Nazrul Mancha
Nazrul Mancha (Bengali: নজরুল মঞ্চ) is an auditorium in Kolkata, India. Named after Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam, the auditorium is notably used as the venue for the Dover Lane Music Conference in January each year, where audiences enjoy musical performances for four consecutive nights.

In 1996, famous American musician Pete Seeger had performed at Nazrul Mancha.
In 2012, the Finnish band Poets of the Fall performed at Nazrul Mancha during its Temple of Thought tour in India.

Auditorium
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theaters, the number of auditoriums is expressed as the number of screens.  Auditoriums can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theaters, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, public speeches or as a learning space.
Smolajny
Smolajny [smɔˈlai̯nɨ] (formerly Smołowo) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies on the Łyna River in the historical region of Warmia, approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Dobre Miasto and 28 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Dobre Miasto
Dobre Miasto (Polish: [ˈdɔbrɛ ˈmjastɔ]; German: Guttstadt [ˈɡʊt.ʃtat] ⓘ; literally Good Town) is a town in northern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship with 9,857 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated in the northwestern part of the Masurian Lake District in the heart of the historical region of Warmia. It is also the seat of Dobre Miasto Commune which consists of the main town and 21 village administrative divisions, with a total population of 16,014.
Halyk Bank
Halyk Bank (Kazakh: Қазақстан Халық Жинақ Банкі, romanized: Qazaqstan Halyq Jınaq Banki) is a commercial savings bank in Kazakhstan that also has branches in Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Its full Kazakh name translates into English as "Peoples' Savings Bank of Kazakhstan Joint-Stock Company". In Russian-language sources, the bank is often referred to as Narodny sberegatelny bank Kazakhstana (Народный сберегательный банк Казахстана), the Russian equivalent of the name. The bank is the legal successor of the Soviet-era Sberbank in Kazakhstan, analogous to Sberbank in Russia. Halyk Bank is headquartered in the city of Almaty, which was the country's capital until 1997.

Halyk Bank merged with Kazkommertsbank on 27 July 2018. Halyk is Kazakhstan's largest bank with a 35% market share.

Due to protests in January 2022 in Kazakhstan, the share of Halyk bank traded at London Stock Exchange fell 16%.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Society of Washington Artists
The Society of Washington Artists was established in 1890 in Washington, D.C. The Society was organized by the Art Students League of Washington.

The Society's first exhibit was in 1891, held at the Woodward & Lothrop building. Within a few years the Society had its own gallery space at 1020 Connecticut Avenue. In that space the Society exhibited loaned art work held in private collections in Washington, D.C. By 1900 the Society's annual exhibits included out-of-town artists and were the forerunners of the Corcoran Gallery's Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Art.

Early exhibitors included Alice Pike Barney, Frank Weston Benson, William Merritt Chase, L. Birge Harrison, Childe Hassam, Helen Louise Beccard Niles Hobart Nichols, Edward Willis Redfield, George Senseney, Juliet Thompson, and Irving Ramsey Wiles.

The Society has a collection of art. The majority of the collection was donated in 2015 from the trustees of Corcoran Gallery of Art.

Woodward & Lothrop
Woodward & Lothrop was a department store chain headquartered in Washington, D.C. that began as the capital's first department store in 1887. Woodies, as it was often nicknamed, maintained stores in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Its flagship store was a fixture of Washington, D.C.'s downtown shopping district, competing with Garfinckel's and acquiring Palais Royal. The chain filed for bankruptcy in January 1994 and completed liquidation in November 1995, with most locations were sold and converted into JCPenney. The flagship building is a D.C. historic landmark that became the center of controversy over competing visions for DC's urban renewal after the chain's demise, and the former service warehouse in the city's northeast is also listed as a landmark.
WTDK
WTDK (107.1 FM, "The Duck") is a radio station licensed to serve Federalsburg, Maryland.  The station is owned by the Draper Holdings Business Trust, as part of a cluster with CBS/Fox affiliate WBOC-TV (channel 16), NBC affiliate WRDE-LD (channel 31), Telemundo affiliate WBOC-LD (channel 42), and sister radio stations WCEM-FM, WBOC-FM, WAAI, and WRDE-FM. It airs a classic hits music format.

The station was assigned the WTDK call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on July 31, 1995.

WBOC-LD
WBOC-LD (channel 42) is a low-power television station licensed to Cambridge, Maryland, United States, serving the Salisbury, Maryland, market as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by the Draper Holdings Business Trust alongside dual CBS/Fox affiliate WBOC-TV (channel 16) and low-power NBC affiliate WRDE-LD (channel 31), as well as eight radio stations. Telemundo Delmarva shares studios with sister station WRDE-LD in Milton, Delaware, and WBOC-LD's transmitter is located near Laurel. WBOC-LD's programming is repeated on Salisbury-licensed WSJZ-LD (channel 34), with transmitter near Millsboro, Delaware.
Asagyokusei Taiko
Asagyokusei Taiko (Japanese 朝玉勢 大幸, born May 29, 1993, as Kazuma Tamaki) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Mie Prefecture. He debuted in January 2016 and he reached his highest rank of jūryō 12 in January 2020. He wrestles for Takasago stable.

Kimarite
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision. The records of kimarite are then kept for statistical purposes.

The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) have officially recognized 82 such techniques since 2001, with five also recognized as winning non-techniques. However, only about a dozen of these are frequently and regularly used by rikishi.

A sumo match can still be won even without a kimarite, by the virtue of disqualification due to a kinjite (foul), such as striking with closed fist.
Lancia Gamma (1910)
The Lancia 20 HP (Tipo 55), later renamed Lancia Gamma, is a passenger car produced by the Italian car manufacturer Lancia during 1910. It was derived from a previous Beta model, now equipped with a bigger engine. In total, 258 units were built. In 1911, the type was superseded by the larger-engined and more powerful Lancia 20-30 HP Delta.

The Delta was built with two wheelbases, normal and short. The latter was destined for competition-oriented Corsa models, to be bodied as open two- or three-seaters.

Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is  the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-axle truck, the wheelbase would be the distance between the steering axle and a point midway between the two rear axles.
Bellefountain Bridge
Bellefountain Bridge is located east of Tracy, Iowa, United States.  It carried traffic of Ashland Avenue over the Des Moines River for 600 feet (180 m).  In 1898 the Mahaska Board of Supervisors contracted with the Clinton Bridge Company of Clinton, Iowa to design and build a new bridge for $9,750.  It replaced a ferry service that operated in the small town of  Bellefountain. The Pratt through truss span was completed in 1898.  Its deck has subsequently deteriorated and the bridge has been closed to traffic.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Des Moines River
The Des Moines River (/dəˈmɔɪn/ ⓘ) is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately 525 miles (845 km) long from its farther headwaters. The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa, it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast, passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills, transitioning near the capital city of Des Moines in the center of the state. The river continues to flow in a southeastern direction away from Des Moines, flowing directly into the Mississippi River. The Des Moines River forms a short portion of Iowa's border with Missouri between Lee County, Iowa and Clark County, Missouri.

The city of Des Moines, Iowa, was named for the river.
Ophrah
Ophrah (Hebrew: עֹפְרָה), (/ˈɔːfrə/ or /ˈɒfrə/) is a name in the Hebrew Bible meaning "a fawn" given to:

A city of Benjamin (Joshua 18:23), probably identical with Ephron (2 Chron 13:19) and Ephraim (John 11:54), the modern Palestinian town of Taybeh. The Israeli settlement of Ofra is close to the site as well. According to Epiphanius, it was situated 5 miles east of the city of Bethel.

"Ophrah of the Abi-ezrites," a city of Manasseh, 6 miles (10 km) southwest of Shechem, the residence of Gideon (Judges 6:11; 8:27,32). After his great victory over the Midianites, he slew at this place the captive kings (8:18–21). He then assumed the function of high priest and sought to make Ophrah what Shiloh should have been. This thing "became a snare" to Gideon and his house. After Gideon's death, his family resided here until they were put to death by Gideon's son Abimelech (Judges 9:5). It is identified with Ferata.

A grandchild of Othniel Ben Kenaz, mentioned in 1 Chr 4:14.

Othniel
Othniel (/ˈɒθniəl/; Hebrew: עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן־קְנַז, ʿOṯnīʾēl ben Qǝnaz) was the first of the biblical judges. The etymology of his name is uncertain, but may mean "God/He is my strength" or "God has helped me".
407 Transitway
The 407 Transitway was a bus rapid transit system (BRT) planned along Ontario Highway 407, spanning the Greater Toronto Area between Brant Street in Burlington, and Enfield Road in Durham Region.

Planning for the 407 Transitway has occurred for five segments:

Brant Street to Hurontario Street

Hurontario Street to Highway 400

Highway 400 to Kennedy Road

Kennedy Road to Brock Road

Brock Road to Enfield Road

In the Metrolinx's 2041 Regional Transportation Plan from March 2018, the 407 Transitway is excluded, and appears only under the section, "Projects beyond 2041 (not mapped)", with only the Hurontario Rd. - Brock Rd. segment listed.

Burlington, Ontario
Burlington is a city at the west end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. Part of Halton Region, it borders Hamilton to the south, Milton to the northwest, and Oakville to the northeast. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the Hamilton census metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe urban region. Burlington was founded in 1874, and gained city status in 1974. With a population of 186,948 as of 2021, Burlington is the twenty-eighth-most populous municipality in Canada.
Hyles wilsoni
Hyles wilsoni, or Wilson's sphinx, is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1894. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii.

In wet districts the moth is freely on the wing at all hours of the day, visiting the flowers of Metrosideros, as well as those of cultivated plants. In drier localities it flies more freely at dusk.

Larvae have been recorded on Acacia koa, Bobea, Euphorbia, Metrosideros, Pelea and Straussia.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
The Pennywhistlers
The Pennywhistlers were an American singing group founded by folklorist and singer Ethel Raim and popular during the 1960s folk music revival. They specialized in Eastern European polyphonic vocal music, traditional and arranged, sung primarily a cappella. Folk singer Theodore Bikel, in his autobiography Theo, called them "the closest to the real thing in authenticity in the United States." Their repertoire also featured traditional American songs. The Pennywhistlers toured throughout the 1960s, appearing at the Sing Out! hootenanny at Carnegie Hall, the Fox Hollow Festival, and the Mariposa Folk Festival, among others. They shared the bill with performers such as Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, Reverend Gary Davis, Leonard Cohen, and many others.

Sing Out!
Sing Out! was a quarterly journal of folk music and folk songs that was published from May 1950 through spring 2014. It was originally based in New York City, with a national circulation of approximately 10,000 by 1960.
Strength (tarot card)
Strength is a Major Arcana tarot card, and is numbered either XI or VIII, depending on the deck. Historically it was called Fortitude, and in the Thoth Tarot deck it is called Lust. This card is used in game playing as well as in divination.

Thoth Tarot
Thoth Tarot is an esoteric tarot deck painted by Lady Frieda Harris for Aleister Crowley. Crowley referred to this deck as The Book of Thoth, and also wrote a 1944 book of that title intended for use with the deck.
Reynolds Homestead
The Reynolds Homestead, also known as Rock Spring Plantation, is a historical site and former plantation worked by the enslaved, located on Homestead Lane in Critz, Virginia. First developed in 1814 by slaveowner Abram Reynolds, it was the primary home of R. J. Reynolds (1850–1918), founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and the first major marketer of the cigarette. Upon liberation of the plantation in 1863, some 88 people were freed from captivity and enslavement.

It was later designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977. The homestead is now an outreach facility of Virginia Tech, serving as a regional cultural center. The house is open for tours.

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded by namesake R. J. Reynolds in 1875, it is the largest tobacco company in the United States. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

RJR has a large brand portfolio, which includes Camel, Newport, Doral, Eclipse, Kent, and Pall Mall. Other brands commercialized in the past included Barclay, Belair, and Real.
Cesar Conde
Cesar Conde is an American media executive who is chairman of the NBCUniversal News Group, overseeing NBC News, MSNBC, and CNBC. Prior to this, Conde was chairman of NBCUniversal International Group and NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises. Before that, he was president of Univision's networks division.

TelevisaUnivision
TelevisaUnivision (formerly known as Univision Communications) is a Mexican–American media company, headquartered in Mexico City and New York City that owns American Spanish-language broadcast network Univision and free-to-air channels in Mexico such as Las Estrellas, El 5*, N+ Foro, and NU9VE alongside a collection of specialty television channels and production studios. 45% of the company is held by the Mexican telecommunications and broadcasting company Grupo Televisa, which was a major programming partner for Univision until the company sold their content assets to Univision Communications in 2022.

Since its founding in the early 1960s as Spanish International Network (SIN), the United States' first Spanish language television network, the company has catered to Hispanic and Latino Americans. It is currently a multimedia conglomerate, with free-to-air and specialty, digital and audio networks, including 65 television stations, online and mobile apps and products.