hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ah Louis
On Wong (March 25, 1840 – December 16, 1936), more commonly known as Ah Louis, was a Chinese American banker, labor contractor, farmer, and shopkeeper in San Luis Obispo, California, during the late 19th and early 20th century. He was remembered as “the unofficial mayor of Chinatown" for his community work.

Ah Louis was a central figure in the development of the Central Coast of California, serving as an organizer of Chinese laborers during the construction of the Pacific Coast Railway's Avila—Port Harford spur and the tunnels through Cuesta Grade over the Santa Lucia Range. His Ah Louis Store building is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Santa Lucia Range
The Santa Lucia Range (sæntə luˈsiːə) or Santa Lucia Mountains is a rugged mountain range in coastal Central California, running from Carmel southeast for 140 miles (230 km) to the Cuyama River in San Luis Obispo County. The range is never more than 11 miles (18 km) from the coast.: 11  The range forms the steepest coastal slope in the contiguous United States. Cone Peak at 5,158 feet (1,572 m) tall and three miles (5 km) from the coast, is the highest peak in proximity to the ocean in the lower 48 United States. The range was a barrier to exploring the coast of central California for early Spanish explorers.
Weightlifting at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's 61 kg
The men's 61 kg competition of the weightlifting events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile, was held on 21 October at the Gimnasio Chimkowe.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted. This weightlifting event was the lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 61 kilograms of body mass.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Mauritius Open
The Mauritius Open was an annual golf tournament played on the island of Mauritius from 1994 through 2008. In 2009 the tournament was superseded by a new European Seniors Tour event, named the Mauritius Commercial Bank Open.

European Senior Tour
The European Senior Tour, currently titled as the Staysure Legends Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for male golfers aged 50 and over, run by the PGA European Tour. The tour was titled as the Staysure Tour for the 2018 and 2019 seasons after UK-based insurance company Staysure became the first title sponsors of the senior tour in December 2017. The tour was relaunched as the Legends Tour in 2020, after Ryan Howsam, founder and owner of Staysure, took majority ownership in a joint venture with the European Tour. The headquarters are based at Wentworth Golf Club, UK.

In 2025, the tour will play across four continents with a 20-event calendar, which will take place between February and December. Total prize fund for the year will be €20 million.
Modern Combat: Domination
Modern Combat: Domination is an online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Gameloft for PlayStation Network and Mac OS X. The PSN version was ported to Japan for release on February 15, 2011, about a day before the PAL region release date.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
Szymon Romać
Szymon Romać (born 1 October 1992) is a Polish professional volleyball player, a bronze medallist at the 2015 European League, and the 2018 Polish Champion. At the professional club level, he plays for LUK Lublin.

LKPS Lublin
LKPS Lublin, officially known for sponsorship reasons as Bogdanka LUK Lublin, is a professional men's volleyball club based in Lublin in eastern Poland, founded in 2013. The club has been promoted to the top flight of  Polish volleyball, PlusLiga in 2021.
Pieter Daneel
Pieter Daneel (born 19 March 1987 in Stellenbosch) is a South African cricketer and businessman.

Daneel was educated at Paul Roos Gymnasium in Stellenbosch and Stellenbosch University. He played in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. In 2006–07, he played first-class and List A cricket for Boland.

Daneel worked in banking as a chartered accountant in Johannesburg and London before taking charge of his family's jewellery manufacturing business in Cape Town. He gained a Professor Jochen Runde Scholarship to study for an MBA at Jesus College, Cambridge in 2019–20. He played for Cambridge University in the 2020 University match, scoring a century in the second innings. His was the only century in the 175th and final first-class University match.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
NUP
NUP is an abbreviation for:

National Umma Party Sudan. a political party in Sudan

National Union Party (disambiguation), a number political parties in various states

National Unity (Israel), a centre-right political alliance since 2022

National Unity Party (Philippines)

National Unity Platform, main opposition party in Uganda

Neapolis University, Pafos, a university in Cyprus

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, a subclassification of Necrotizing periodontal diseases

New Union Party, a political party in the United States

New Unity Partnership, a trade union in the United States

Northwestern University Press

Nottingham University Press

Nuclear Pore

Número único previsional ('unique social security number'), the identification number for social security in El Salvador

It is also the ISO 639-3 code for the Nupe language.

Nottingham University Press
Nottingham University Press (NUP) was the academic press of the University of Nottingham, England.  Founded in 1992 by Des Cole and Phil Garnsworthy, the press specialised in scientific and technical publishing, particularly in the areas of animal and food science (in line with the university's strengths).

In 2012, NUP was purchased by 5m Publishing.
24 (soundtrack)
24 is the soundtrack album, composed by A. R. Rahman with song lyrics by Vairamuthu and Madhan Karky, to the 2016 Tamil film of the same name, produced by Suriya and directed by Vikram Kumar. The album features six tracks and was released on 9 April 2016 by Eros Music, but the rights were later bought by Sony Music India.

Madhan Karky
Madhan Karky Vairamuthu is an Indian lyricist, screenwriter, research associate, software engineer, and entrepreneur. A holder of a doctorate in computer science from the University of Queensland, Karky began his professional career as an assistant professor at the College of Engineering, Guindy, and soon after ventured into the Tamil cinema, working as a lyricist and dialogue writer. He resigned from his teaching profession in early 2013 and began working full-time in the film industry, while also launching the Karky Research Foundation (KaReFo), an educational research organization which primarily focuses on language computing and language literacy. He also founded the Mellinam Education, which develops educational games and story books designed to propagate learning among children, and DooPaaDoo, an online music platform which promotes independent music and serves a distributor for film soundtracks.
GalNAc-T activation pathway
The GalNAc-T activation (GALA) pathway is a cellular process in which GalNAc-T enzymes, involved in O-linked glycosylation, are relocated from the Golgi to the ER. Activation of the pathway is thought to result in the alteration of the glycosylation status of a number of GalNAc-T substrates. This pathway was shown to be highly activated in cancer cells and was proposed as an explanation of the noticeable increased expression of Tn antigen seen in tumours.

Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-kDa and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

EGF was originally described as a secreted peptide found in the submaxillary glands of mice and in human urine. EGF has since been found in many human tissues, including platelets, submandibular gland (submaxillary gland), and parotid gland. Initially, human EGF was known as urogastrone.
Lees, Greater Manchester
Lees is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, amongst the Pennines east of the River Medlock, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Oldham, and 8.2 miles (13.2 km) northeast of Manchester.

In the 14th century, when John de Leghes was a retainer of the local Lord of the Manor, Lees was a conglomeration of hamlets, ecclesiastically linked with the township of Ashton-under-Lyne. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. At the beginning of the 19th century, Lees had obtained a reputation for its mineral springs; ambitions to develop a spa town were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by the rise of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution.

Lees expanded into a mill town in the late-19th century, on the back of neighbouring Oldham's boom in cotton spinning. Lees Urban District had eleven cotton mills at its manufacturing zenith.

Putting-out system
The putting-out system, also known historically as the domestic system or workshop system, was a method of subcontracting production in which a central agent, often a merchant or manufacturer, distributed raw materials to workers who completed the work in their own homes or small workshops. This system was widely used in pre-industrial Europe and early America, particularly in the textile industry, shoemaking, lock-making, and the production of small firearm parts. It flourished from the late Middle Ages through the Industrial Revolution, gradually declining in the mid-19th century with the rise of centralized factory production.
Valleuse
In the Pays de Caux, Normandy, France a valleuse is a depression in the land surface of the plateau which permits access to the sea; it is sometimes translated into English as a "cliff hallow." On the rest of this coast, that access is prevented by the height of the chalk cliffs.

There are three (major) sorts:

living valleuse (valleuse vive): a natural depression as at Fécamp, Yport and Étretat.

dead valleuse (valleuse morte): to obtain the final access to the beach it is necessary to set up a stairway.

perched valleuse (valleuse perchée): a simple depression in the plateau surface which do not descend far enough to permit access to the beach. Elsewhere, it might be called a hanging valley though it is formed, not by a glacier but by maritime erosion.

There are also three types by stratigraphy:

Simple,

Resistant pedestal, and

Complex.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Benedetto Bonfigli
Benedetto Bonfigli (c. 1420 – 8 July 1496) was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Perugia, and part of the Umbria school of painters including Raphael and Perugino. He is also known as Buonfiglio. Influenced by the style of Domenico Veneziano, Benozzo Gozzoli, and Fra Angelico, Bonfigli primarily painted frescos for the church and was at one point employed in the Vatican. His best-preserved work is the Annunciation, but his masterpiece is the decoration of the chapel of the Palazzo dei Priori. Bonfigli specialized in gonfaloni, a Perugian style using banners painted on canvas or linen. Little is known of his personal life, but he was an esteemed painter in Perugia before Perugino, who is said to be his pupil.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Gary Lydon
Gary Lydon is a British-Irish stage and screen actor from Northolt in England. He is known for playing the Garda Peadar Kearney in The Banshees of Inisherin.

Lydon played Patrick Murray, the counsellor on RTÉ One's The Clinic, from 2003 to 2009, a role for which he won an IFTA for Best Supporting Actor in 2007. He also played Bomber in Pure Mule.

He has performed on stage as Brendan in Borstal Boy and in Martin McDonagh's The Pillowman.

Borstal Boy (play)
Borstal Boy is a play adapted by Frank McMahon from the 1958 autobiographical novel of Irish nationalist Brendan Behan of the same title. The play debuted in 1967 at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, with Frank Grimes as the young Behan.  McMahon won a New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1970 and Tony Award in 1970 for his adaptation.
Kosiska, Łódź Voivodeship
Kosiska [kɔˈɕiska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Jeżów, 15 km (9 mi) east of Brzeziny, and 34 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny County
Brzeziny County (Polish: powiat brzeziński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It was created in 2002 out of the north-eastern part of Łódź East County. Its administrative seat and only town is Brzeziny, which lies 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 358.51 square kilometres (138.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 30,600, out of which the population of Brzeziny is 12,373 and the rural population is 18,227.
TT Esports
TT Esports is a Chinese esports organization with teams competing in League of Legends, Honor of Kings, PUBG Mobile, Wild Rift, and Valorant Mobile. Its League of Legends team competes in the League of Legends Pro League (LPL), is one of the core business divisions of Quwan Group. The CEO is Liu Yifei.

PUBG Mobile
PUBG Mobile is a free-to-play battle royale video game co-developed by LightSpeed & Quantum Studio and PUBG Studios. It is a mobile game adaptation of PUBG: Battlegrounds. It was initially released for Android and iOS on 19 March 2018.

The game was published by multiple publishers in different regions, including Krafton, Tencent, and VNG Games. By January 2026, PUBG Mobile had accumulated around 1.75 billion downloads while grossing over $15 billion. It is also one of the most-played mobile video games of all time. In 2021, the game spawned an Indian version, Battlegrounds Mobile India, and a separate game taking place in the PUBG Universe, called New State Mobile.
Distorting mirror
A distorting mirror, funhouse mirror or carnival mirror is a popular attraction at carnivals and fairs. Instead of a normal plane mirror that reflects a perfect mirror image, distorting mirrors are curved mirrors, often using convex and concave sections to achieve the distorted effect. Because of their distorting properties, they are sometimes featured in fiction as a literary device, such as in Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale The Snow Queen.

Distorted mirrors are used as a metaphor for describing Wikipedia, personalized medicine and social media which rather than reflecting society, tend to distort our perceptions of reality and social norms.

Fair
A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks. Fairs showcase a wide range of goods, products, and services, and often include competitions, exhibitions, and educational activities. Fairs can be thematic, focusing on specific industries or interests.
Perodua QV-E
The Perodua QV-E is a battery electric vehicle developed by Malaysian automaker Perodua. It is a car with a body style described as a 'sportback crossover'. The model was introduced in December 2025 jointly by Perodua and the Malaysian government.

The model follows the earlier eMO concept series showcased in 2024 and 2025. It is the first electric vehicle from Perodua, and the product developed by Perodua independently from its parent company Daihatsu. Developed in a span of two years, the QV-E is based on a modular platform co-developed with Magna Steyr, and uses LFP battery sourced from Chinese supplier CATL.

The name QV-E is an acronym for 'Quest for Visionary Electric Vehicle'.

Perodua
Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sendirian Berhad (lit. 'Second Automobile Company Private Limited'), usually abbreviated to Perodua (Malay: [pəroˈdua]), is Malaysia's largest car manufacturer, followed by Proton Holdings.
Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The men's team table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The event took place from Friday 3 August to Wednesday 8 August 2012 at ExCeL London. The tournament was a single elimination tournament with a third place playoff played between the two losing semi-finalists.

Excel London
Excel London (formerly styled as ExCeL, an abbreviation for Exhibition Centre London) is an international exhibition and convention centre in the Custom House area of Newham, East London. The facility is situated on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) site on the northern quay of the Royal Victoria Dock in London Docklands, located between Canary Wharf and London City Airport.
Krishna Das (cricketer)
Krishna Subhash Das (born 12 October 1990) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Assam in domestic cricket. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler. He also represented the India Under-19 cricket team that toured Australia in 2009.

Das made his first-class debut for Assam in the 2005–06 Ranji Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 2 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. In March 2016, he was named in the Rest of India squad for the 2015–16 Irani Cup match against Mumbai. In August 2016, he was named in the India Blue squad for the 2016–17 Duleep Trophy.

Ahead of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, he transferred from Assam to Goa.

Rest of India cricket team
Rest of India cricket team (ROI) is a first-class cricket team in India that is composed of players from across the country except for those from the current Ranji Trophy winners. It competes annually against the Ranji Trophy winner for the Irani Cup, in a "The Best vs Best of the Rest" tournament. The team was officially instituted for the 1959–60 Irani Cup, playing its first match on 18 March 1960 against the Bombay.

Rest of India has won Irani Cup 30 times (outright wins and first innings leads in drawn matches) and shared the trophy twice (with Bombay in 1965–66 and Delhi in 1979–80).
Falls–Gefrees railway
The Falls–Gefrees railway was a German branch line spur in the Fichtel Mountains region of Upper Franconia in northern Bavaria. It ran through an area that is now within the jurisdiction of the town of Gefrees.

Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is an administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all part of Bavaria.

With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (Fränkische Brauereistraße) runs through many popular breweries.
Whitneyan
The Whitneyan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American  faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 33,300,000 to 30,800,000 years BP, a period of  2.5 million years. It is usually considered to fall within the Early Oligocene. The Whitneyan is preceded by the Orellan and followed by the Arikareean NALMA stages.

The Whitneyan is interchangeable with the Rupelian age.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).