hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Passing off in Canadian law
In Canada, passing off is both a common law tort and a statutory cause of action under the Canadian Trade-marks Act referring to the deceptive representation or marketing of goods or services by competitors in a manner that confuses consumers. The law of passing off protects the goodwill of businesses by preventing competitors from passing off their goods as those of another.

The protection afforded by the law of passing off protects only the association between a product and its producer and not to the product itself - primarily, it protects a producer's investment in making a product or service distinguishable in the marketplace through the use of distinctive features such as marks, letters, advertising material or slogans, colours, and sounds.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
Mozinor
Mozinor is a French creator of video détournements that are shared on the Internet, as well as being regularly shown on some television programs. Using simple materials like a computer and microphone, he has created a number of well known détournements such as a parody of Michael Jackson's Beat It". His videos are widely viewed on websites such as Dailymotion and YouTube.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Ynysddu
Ynysddu is a small village, community and electoral ward in the Sirhowy valley of south-east Wales. It is part of the district of Caerphilly within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. It lies between to Cwmfelinfach and Wyllie, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) north of the town of Risca and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the market town of Blackwood. It is about 10 minutes by road from the M4 motorway and 20 minutes from the Second Severn Crossing. The population in 2008 was 2,905, increasing to 3,948 at the 2011 Census.

The community includes the settlements of Cwmfelinfach, Wyllie and Wattsville.

Risca
Risca (Welsh: Rhisga) is a town in the Caerphilly County Borough and within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire in south-east Wales. It is split into two communities; Risca East and Risca West. It has a population of 11,700.

The town lies at the south-eastern edge of the South Wales Coalfield and has been shaped by mining, together with other heavy industries, for many centuries.

Risca is home to Ty-Sign, a large housing estate built in the early 1960s as a satellite village for the then new Llanwern steelworks.

Risca has a rural aspect and is surrounded to the east and west by several extensively wooded hills, including Mynydd Machen (1,188 ft; 362 m) and Twmbarlwm (1,375 ft; 419 m), which attract tourists for the hillwalking and mountain bikers to Cwmcarn Forest Drive.

Risca has a railway station on the Ebbw Valley Railway, reopened in February 2008.
Richard Emory
Richard Emory (January 27, 1919 – February 15, 1994) was an American actor born in Santa Barbara, California. After serving in the military as a marine in World War II, he started a career as an actor. He achieved recognition in movies of the 1950s and 1960s and also found work as a supporting actor in various television serials. He was the oldest son of Silent Film celebrity couple - Emory Johnson and Ella Hall. After his birth, a brother and two sisters would follow. Emory retired from show business in 1963 and would spend the rest of his life working odd jobs. He died in February 1994 in Moab, Utah.

Show business
Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, though the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included the initial definite article the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term was still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.
Chester B. Clapp
Chester Blinn Clapp (February 19, 1883 – death date unknown), also known as C.B. Clapp, was an American screenwriter. He is known for his early 20th-century scenario writing for film. In his later life he was a businessman and worked in the shoe industry.

Charles Stokes Wayne
Charles Stokes Wayne (March 18, 1858-1920) , who wrote using the pseudonym Horace Hazeltine and who has also been noted as Horace Hazelton, was a writer. Several of his works were adapted to film including The Sable Lorcha.

He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and lived in Chappaqua, New York.

He attended Boys Central High School. He married Elizabeth W. Dougherty and later Sarah E. Smith and then Pearl Norris. He worked for various newspapers including in Colorado Springs and Cripple Creek, Colorado. He also wrote brochures.
Anton Sittinger
Anton Sittinger is a satirical novel by Oskar Maria Graf, first published in 1937 by the German publisher-in-exile Malik-Verlag in London.

The novel was filmed for TV in 1979 by Rainer Wolffhardt for Bayerischer Rundfunk with Walter Sedlmayr in the title role.

In 2024 the first English language translation of the novel appeared, translated by Ed Walker.

Malik-Verlag
Malik-Verlag (Ger: Der Malik-Verlag) was a German publishing house founded by Wieland Herzfelde, his brother John Heartfield, and George Grosz, and existed from 1916 to 1947. It primarily focused on political, anti-fascist, and avant-garde art as well as communist literature.

Its name derives from the novel Der Malik by Else Lasker-Schüler. In 1983, it was relaunched under the new name, Neuer Malik Verlag, by Thies Ziemke, however was sold to Piper Verlag in 1996 where it continued under the 'Malik Verlag' imprint. In 1944, having successfully gained a visa to America in 1939, he, in conjunction with others like Oskar Maria Graf, launched 'Aurora Verlag' as the successor.

The books published with Malik-Verlag were made popular due to their innovative dust jackets designed by John Heartfield who used the technique of photomontage and specially designed typefaces.

The books and materials of Malik-Verlag were notoriously part of the 1930s Nazi book burning campaigns.
Katsudon
Katsudon (Japanese: カツ丼; IPA: [katsɯdoɴ]) is a popular Japanese food, a bowl of rice topped with a fried tonkatsu pork cutlet, egg, vegetables, and condiments. The dish's name is a portmanteau of the Japanese words tonkatsu (pork cutlet) and donburi (rice bowl).

Worcestershire sauce
Worcestershire sauce or Worcester sauce (/ˈwʊstər(ʃər)/ ⓘ WUUST-ər(-shər)) is a fermented condiment invented by the pharmacists John Wheeley Lea and William Henry Perrins in Worcester, Worcestershire, England, during the first half of the 19th century. They later formed the company Lea & Perrins. Worcestershire sauce has been a generic term since 1876, when the High Court of Justice ruled that Lea & Perrins did not own a trademark for the name "Worcestershire".

Worcestershire sauce is used on steaks, hamburgers, and other finished dishes, and to flavour cocktails such as the Bloody Mary and Caesar. It is also used to augment recipes such as Welsh rarebit, Caesar salad, Oysters Kirkpatrick, and devilled eggs. As a background flavour and a source of savouriness, it is added to dishes such as beef stew and baked beans.
Fort Smith National Cemetery
Fort Smith National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located at Garland Avenue and Sixth Street in Fort Smith, Sebastian County, Arkansas. It encompasses 22.3 acres (9.0 ha), and as of the end of 2005, had 13,127 interments.

Sebastian County, Arkansas
Sebastian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 127,799, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arkansas. The county has two county seats, Greenwood and Fort Smith.

Sebastian County is part of the Fort Smith metropolitan area.
Canopy goanna
Varanus keithhornei, commonly known as the canopy goanna, Keith Horne's monitor, blue-nosed tree monitor, or Nesbit River monitor, is a species of monitor lizards  native to northeast Australia. It is a member of the Varanus prasinus species group.

This monitor lizard is found in a restricted area of less than 100 km2 near the Claudie and Nesbit rivers, in the McIlwraith and Iron Ranges of the Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.

McIlwraith Range
The McIlwraith Range is a rugged, dissected granite plateau on Cape York Peninsula of Far North Queensland, Australia.  Part of the Great Dividing Range, the McIlwraith Range covers about 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the town of Coen, and 550 kilometres (340 mi) north of Cairns.  The Archer and Stewart Rivers rise in the range, with the Archer draining the range's western slopes into the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Stewart draining east into the Coral Sea.   The range receives an annual rainfall of about 1,500 millimetres (59 in).
Philippe Paré
Philippe Paré (born 24 August 1935) is a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, in which he served from 1993 to 1997. His career has been in education.

Born in Montmagny, Quebec, he was elected in the Louis-Hébert electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 federal election, thus he served in the 35th Canadian Parliament. He did not seek a second term in office and therefore left Canadian politics following the 1997 federal election.

35th Canadian Parliament
The 35th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 17, 1994, until April 27, 1997.  The membership was set by the 1993 federal election on October 25, 1993, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1997 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and the 26th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Bloc Québécois, led first by Lucien Bouchard, then by Michel Gauthier, and finally by Gilles Duceppe.

The Speaker was Gilbert Parent.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts (1987–1996) for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 35th Parliament:
Bohachi Bushido: Code of the Forgotten Eight
Bohachi Bushido: Code of the Forgotten Eight (ポルノ時代劇 忘八武士道, Poruno jidaigeki: Bōhachi bushidō) is a 1973 Japanese ero guro jidaigeki film directed by Teruo Ishii. and distributed by Toei. The film was adapted from the manga Bōhachi bushidō.

Jidaigeki
Jidaigeki (時代劇) is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. Literally meaning "period dramas", it refers to stories that take place before the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
Bart Willoughby
Bartholomew Edwin Willoughby OAM (born 1960) is an Aboriginal Australian musician, noted for his pioneering fusion of reggae with Indigenous Australian musical influences, and for his contribution to growth of Indigenous music in Australia. A multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and singer, he is known as a founder member and leader of the No Fixed Address, which was the first Aboriginal rock band in Australia, and the first Aboriginal band to travel overseas.

In 2024, Willoughby received the Ted Albert Award For Outstanding Services to Australian Music at the APRA Music Awards of 2024.

Coloured Stone
Coloured Stone is an Aboriginal Australian band whose members originate from the Koonibba Mission, west of Ceduna, South Australia. They first became known for their 1984 single, "Black Boy". The band performs using guitar, bass, drums, and Aboriginal instruments – didjeridu, bundawuthada (gong stone) and clap sticks – to play traditional music.
Richard Dowell
Richard Charles Dowell is an Australian audiologist, academic and researcher. He holds the Graeme Clark Chair in Audiology and Speech Science at University of Melbourne. He is a former director of Audiological Services at Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.

Dowell's research is centered on hearing loss; he has been involved in clinical work and research in cochlear implants, along with developing signal processing improvements for cochlear implants.

Dowell is a Fellow of Audiology Australia. He is a former Chair of the Victorian Infant Hearing Screening Program Audiological committee and a former Chair of  the Taralye Early Intervention center for hearing impaired children in Melbourne.

Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (the Eye and Ear) is a specialist public teaching hospital in East Melbourne, Australia. It is the only hospital in Australia which specialises in both ophthalmology and otolaryngology.
Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1962)
Bobby Jones (born January 9, 1962) is an American former college basketball coach. He was the men's head coach at Saint Francis University. Jones resigned after the 2008 season, his ninth with the school.

After being named high school Player of the Year in Georgia, Jones joined Western Kentucky in 1980, playing there through the 1983–84 season; as of 2009, he ranks third all-time for the university in assists. Prior to his hiring at St. Francis, he was an assistant or associate coach from 1991 to 1999 at four schools: Middle Tennessee State, Western Kentucky, Pittsburgh, and Minnesota. St. Francis had an 85–167 record while Jones was the head coach.

After leaving St. Francis, Jones worked as a scout. He was later the athletic director of the Trinity Area School District in Washington, Pennsylvania, from 2010 through 2017.

Washington, Pennsylvania
Washington is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,176 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in southwestern Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Little Washington" to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the city is home to Washington & Jefferson College and Pony League baseball.
Li Ping (table tennis)
Li Ping (Chinese: 李平, born 18 May 1986) is a Chinese-Qatari table tennis player. With Cao Zhen, he won the gold medal in the mixed doubles event of the 2009 World Table Tennis Championships, representing China.

He represented Qatar at the 2016 Summer Olympics, losing 3:4 to Dimitrij Ovtcharov in the third round. He also won the ITTF World Tour Belarus Open in 2015.

ITTF World Tour
The ITTF World Tour, known as the ITTF Pro Tour until 2011, was an annual series of table tennis tournaments introduced by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) in 1996. The tour includes events in seven categories: Men's and Women's Singles, Men's, Women's, and Mixed Doubles, and Under-21 Men's and Women's Singles. The tour has its own points system, with players accumulating points based on their performances in the tournaments they enter.
Percy Baker (archdeacon)
John Percy Baker  (9 February 1871 – 28 December 1947) was Archdeacon of Warrington from 1934 until shortly before his death.

Baker was educated at Kimbolton Grammar School, King Edward's School, Birmingham, Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Ridley Hall, Cambridge;  and ordained in 1894. He was a curate at St Aubyn, Devonport (1894–98) then St Andrew, Plymouth, (1898–1901); Vicar of Ellacombe (1901–09) then Mossley Hill  (1921–35); Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral (1920–34); and Examining Chaplain  to  the Bishop of Liverpool (1928–44).

St Andrew's Church, Plymouth
The Minster Church of St Andrew, also known as St Andrew's Church, Plymouth is an Anglican church in Plymouth, Devon in England. It is the original parish church of Sutton, one of the three towns which were later combined to form the city of Plymouth. The church is the largest parish church in the historic county of Devon and was built in the mid to late 15th century. The church was heavily damaged during the Plymouth Blitz but was rebuilt after the war. It was designated as a Minster Church in 2009 and it continues to operate as the focus for religious civic events for the city and as a conservative evangelical church.

It is likely to be on the site of the original Saxon church and was once attached to the abbey of Plympton.
Ancient Thera
Ancient Thera (Greek: Αρχαία Θήρα) is an archaeological site from classical antiquity on the island of Santorini, which sits on the top of a limestone hill called Mesa Vouno. Starting in 1895, Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen systematically investigated the city until 1904. Later excavations by N. Zapheiropoulos between 1961 and 1982, under the auspices of the Archaeological Society of Athens, unearthed the city's necropolis in Sellada. Findings from these excavations are on exhibit at the archaeological museum in Fira. Excavation work continued between 1990 and 1994 under the leadership of Wolfram Hoepfner of the Free University of Berlin and resulted in a more precise understanding of the history of the southern Aegean.

Ancient Thera is open to the public and can be reached on a winding road that starts at Kamari or several footpaths from both sides of the mountain.

Archaeological Society of Athens
37°58′43.3″N 23°44′04.8″E﻿ / ﻿37.978694°N 23.734667°E﻿ / 37.978694; 23.734667

The Archaeological Society of Athens (Greek: Εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία, romanized: En Athínais Archaiologikí Etaireía) is an independent learned society. Also termed the Greek Archaeological Society, it was founded in 1837 by Konstantinos Bellios, just a few years after the establishment of the modern Greek State, with the aim of encouraging archaeological excavations, maintenance, care and exhibition of antiquities in Greece.

The Archaeological Society of Athens work in excavation and funding of archaeological endeavours are extensive. For example, the society helped discover new epigraphical evidence associated with the sanctuary of the goddess Demeter within Eleusis. In addition to this, they provided plans of the prehistoric settlement of Thorikos to help uncover ancient ceramic material.
9-Borafluorene
9-Borafluorenes are a class of boron-containing heterocycles consisting of a tricyclic system with a central BC4 ring with two fused arene groups. 9-Borafluorenes can be thought of as a borole with two fused arene rings, or as a trigonal planar boron atom with an empty p orbital bridging two biphenyl rings. However, 9-borafluorenes are generally less reactive than boroles due to less antiaromatic character and Lewis acidity. Containing highly conjugated π systems, 9-borafluorenes possess interesting photophysical properties. In addition, 9-borafluorenes are good Lewis acids. This combination of properties enables potential uses such as in light-emitting materials, solar cells, and sensors for some molecules.

Persistent carbene
A persistent carbene (also known as stable carbene) is an organic molecule whose natural resonance structure has a carbon atom with incomplete octet (a carbene), but does not exhibit the tremendous instability typically associated with such moieties.  The best-known examples and by far largest subgroup are the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) (sometimes called Arduengo carbenes), in which nitrogen atoms flank the formal carbene.

Modern theoretical analysis suggests that the term "persistent carbene" is in fact a misnomer.  Persistent carbenes do not in fact have a carbene electronic structure in their ground state, but instead an ylide stabilized by aromatic resonance or steric shielding.  Acid catalyzes the carbene-like dimerization that some persistent carbenes undergo over the course of days.

Persistent carbenes in general, and Arduengo carbenes in particular, are popular ligands in organometallic chemistry.
Waldersee, Manitoba
Waldersee is a hamlet in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 85 km (53 mi) northwest of Portage la Prairie within the Municipality of Glenella – Lansdowne  situated between Road 105 North and 106 North on Provincial Highway 260. There is a church, Christ Lutheran and cemetery belonging to the Evangelical Lutheran Church In Canada in the hamlet.  The Big Grass river flows from northwest to southeast just to the southwest of the cemetery and church.

Portage la Prairie
Portage la Prairie (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ lə ˈprɛəri/) is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. In 2016, the population was 13,304 and the land area was 24.68 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi).

Portage la Prairie is approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Winnipeg, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway (exactly halfway between the provincial boundaries of Saskatchewan and Ontario). It sits on the Assiniboine River, which flooded the town persistently until a diversion channel north to Lake Manitoba (the Portage Diversion) was built to divert the flood waters. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie.

According to Environment Canada, Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada. It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve.