hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jane Semeleer
Jeanette Semeleer is an Aruban economist who has been the president of the Central Bank of Aruba since 2008.

As president of the bank, Semeleer oversaw a seven-year enterprise to redesign the Aruban florin banknotes in partnership with Crane Currency. The new banknotes, first issued in 2019, are decorated with the indigenous plants and animals of Aruba. The International Bank Note Society designated the new 100 florin as the "Banknote of the Year for 2019".

Semeleer joined the CBA in 1990, eventually leading several of its departments and becoming a member of its board in 2000. Before the CBA, she served as an advisor for Aruba's Department of Economic Affairs as well as the Department of Foreign Relations. She is a 1984 graduate of the University of Toledo, where she studied economics.

Aruban florin
The florin (Dutch: [floːˈrɪn]; abbreviation: Afl.; code: AWG) or Aruban guilder is the currency of Aruba. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The florin was introduced in 1986, replacing the Netherlands Antillean guilder at par. The Aruba currency exchange rate for U.S. dollars is Afl. 1.77 for cash and Afl. 1.78 for traveller's checks. Most supermarkets and gas stations use the exchange rate of Afl. 1.75, while many restaurants and shops use the exchange rate of Afl. 1.80.
Treborth railway station
Treborth railway station was a railway station located on the Bangor and Carnarvon Railway, about half a mile south of the Britannia Bridge, Caernarfonshire, Wales, near the route of the modern day A55. Opened in June 1854 on the line connecting the Menai Bridge with Caernarfon with a single platform and brick waiting room, the station was briefly closed in October 1858 for about a month. In 1872 a second platform was built and the station remained active until March 1959 when it was closed. The line itself was closed finally in 1972 and lifted shortly afterwards.

The station building was converted to a private residence and is still standing, being listed on the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales database.

Menai Bridge
Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy; usually referred to colloquially as Y Borth) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north-west Wales.  It overlooks the Menai Strait and lies by the Menai Suspension Bridge, built in 1826 by Thomas Telford, just over the water from Bangor. It has a population of 3,376.

There are many small islands near the town, including Church Island. The Menai Heritage Bridges Exhibition celebrates the Menai Suspension Bridge, built by Thomas Telford, and the Britannia Bridge, built by Robert Stephenson.
Haddon Matrix
The Haddon Matrix is the most commonly used paradigm in the injury prevention field.

Developed by William Haddon in 1970, the matrix looks at factors related to personal attributes, vector or agent attributes and environmental attributes; before, during and after an injury or death.  By utilizing this framework, one can then think about evaluating the relative importance of different factors and design interventions.

A typical Haddon Matrix:

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Basrah TV
Basrah TV also called Al Basrah TV (Arabic: قناة  البصرة الفضائية);   is an Iraqi satellite television network based in Basra, Iraq. The channel was launched sometime in 2025 by Basra Governorate and businessmen.
Thaer Alhasnawi was recently appointed as the channel's general manager.

Basra Governorate
The Basra Governorate (Arabic: محافظة البصرة‎ Muḥāfaẓa al-Baṣra), also called Basra Province, is a governorate in southern Iraq bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east. The capital is the city of Basra, located in the Basrah district. Other districts of Basra include Al-Qurna, Al-Zubair, Al-Midaina, Shatt Al-Arab, Abu Al-Khaseeb and Al-Faw located on the Persian Gulf. It is the only governorate with a coastline.
Mutton curry
Mutton curry (also referred to as kosha mangsho,  lamb curry, or goat curry) is a dish that is prepared from goat meat (or sometimes lamb meat) and vegetables. The dish is found in different variations across all states, countries and regions of the Indian subcontinent and the Caribbean.

Mutton curry was originally prepared putting all the ingredients together in a earthen pot and slow cooking the whole curry by wood fire on a clay oven. Today it is cooked using pressure cookers and slow cookers after briefly sautéing all the ingredients and spices in a big wok. The steadily cooked mutton becomes more tender than normally cooked mutton. Mutton curry is generally served with rice or with Indian breads, such as naan or parotta. The dish can also be served with ragi, a cereal.

Finger millet
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is an annual herbaceous plant. It is a tetraploid and self-pollinating species probably evolved from its wild relative Eleusine africana.

Finger millet is native to the Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands. It has the ability to withstand cultivation at altitudes over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level and a high drought tolerance. The grain is suitable for decades-long storage. It is widely grown as a cereal crop in the arid and semiarid areas in Africa and Asia.
2012 Open Seguros Bolívar – Doubles
Treat Conrad Huey and Izak van der Merwe were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Marcelo Demoliner and Víctor Estrella defeated Thomas Fabbiano and Riccardo Ghedin 6–4, 6–2 in the final to win the tournament.

Izak van der Merwe
Izak van der Merwe (born 26 January 1984) is a retired South African tennis player.

Van der Merwe had a career-high ATP singles ranking of 113 achieved on 1 August 2011.

Van der Merwe represented South Africa at the Davis Cup.

He says he tried to base his play on the former Wimbledon champion, Pete Sampras.
Uttam Kumar's unrealized projects
Uttam Kumar was an Indian actor, director, producer, screenwriter, playback singer and composer who predominantly worked in Bengali cinema. In his career, he had worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his acting commitments or direction. Some of his projects did not progress to post-production, fell into production limbo or were officially cancelled.

Partha Pratim Chowdhury
Partha Pratim Chowdhury (1938—1996) was an Indian Bengali actor, director, screen writer, dramatist and music director. He was widely appreciated as a director for Chaya Surya (1963) and Jadubansha (1974).
People v. Chevalier
People v. Chevalier, 131 Ill.2d 66, 544 N.E.2d 942 (1989), was a 1989 Illinois Supreme Court decision that affirmed murder convictions in two consolidated appeals, holding that mere words or verbal admission of infidelity was not sufficient provocation for a manslaughter.

Supreme Court of Illinois
The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.
NGC 5032
NGC 5032 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 6675 ± 18 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 98.45 ± 6.90 Mpc (~321 million light-years). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 11 April 1785.

NGC 5032 was used by Gérard de Vaucouleurs as a galaxy of morphological type (R′)SAB(rs)b in his atlas of galaxies.

NGC 5032 is classified as a LINER galaxy, i.e. it has a type of nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission which has weakly ionized or neutral atoms, while the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms is relatively weak.

NGC 5032 forms a interacting galaxy pair with PGC 45940 (sometimes called NGC 5032B). Erik Holmberg included the group in his catalog of double and multiple galaxies, with the designation Holm 513.  NGC 5032 is also on the outskirts of the Coma Cluster, identified as ComaFC 370.

Galaxy morphological classification
Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.
Puyol
Puyol is a Catalan surname and a variant of Pujol, meaning "hill". Notable people with the surname include:

Carles Puyol (born 1978), retired Spanish footballer

Pablo Puyol (born 1975), Spanish actor, dancer and singer

Carles Puyol
Carles Puyol Saforcada (Catalan: [ˈkaɾləs puˈjɔl səfuɾˈkaðə], Spanish: [ˈkaɾles puˈʝol safoɾˈkaða]; born 13 April 1978) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played his entire career for Barcelona. Considered one of the best defenders ever and one of the sport's greatest captains, he mainly played as a centre-back, but could also play in either full-back position, mostly as a right-back.

Known for his defensive qualities and leadership, Puyol earned the nickname of "El Tiburón" ("The Shark") by teammates and fans. He was Barcelona's captain from August 2004 until his retirement in 2014 and appeared in 593 competitive matches for the club. He won 18 major club titles, including six La Liga trophies and three Champions Leagues.

Puyol won 100 caps for Spain, and was part of the squads that won Euro 2008 and the 2010 World Cup. In the 2010 World Cup semi-final, he scored the only goal of the game against Germany.
Reeves Matheson
Reeves Matheson (born 1952) is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cape Breton East in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1998 to 1999. He was a member of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party.

Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
The Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (Nova Scotia NDP) is a social democratic political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party.

It was founded as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in 1932, and became the New Democratic Party in 1961. It became the governing party of Nova Scotia following the 2009 Nova Scotia election, winning 31 seats in the Legislature, under the leadership of Premier Darrell Dexter. It is the only New Democratic Party in Atlantic Canada to form a government, and the second to form a government in a province east of Manitoba. The party lost government at the 2013 election, losing 24 seats, including Dexter's seat. Gary Burrill, the party’s leader from 2016 to 2022, is credited with bringing the party back to its left-wing roots. The party currently holds nine seats in the Legislature and has been led by Claudia Chender since June 2022.
Tigrane (Hasse)
Tigrane is an opera by Johann Adolph Hasse to a libretto by an anonymous arranger following Francesco Silvani which had already been used Vivaldi for his own opera of the same name.	The opera premiered 4 November 1729 at the Teatro San Bartolomeo,	Naples.

Early theatres in Naples
Theatres for diverse musical and dramatic presentations began to open in Naples, Italy, in the mid-16th century as part of the general Spanish cultural and political expansion into the kingdom of Naples, which had just become a Vicerealm of Spain. None of the early theaters still function as such, having been replaced by later facilities from the mid-18th century onwards. Neapolitan theatres first built in the 16th and 17th centuries include:
DISCERN
DISCERN is an instrument designed to provide users with a reliable way to measure the quality of written health information. It was originally developed by Deborah Charnock, Sasha Shepperd, Gill Needham, and Robert Gann, who reported on its development and validation in a February 1999 paper.

DISCERN is designed for use by individual consumers, health information providers, and health professionals. The instrument contains 15 questions that may be rated on a scale of 1–5. Questions are intended to draw user attention to issues of potential bias, content currency, relevance, clarity, evidence, and balance.

The DISCERN website was launched in May 1999. Despite originally being developed using printed materials, the tool has been shown to be effective at evaluating the quality of health information on the internet, as well as for printed information.

Relevance
Relevance is the connection between topics that makes one useful for dealing with the other. Relevance is studied in many different fields, including cognitive science, logic, and library and information science. Epistemology studies it in general, and different theories of knowledge have different implications for what is considered relevant.
Knotty pebblesnail
The knotty pebblesnail, scientific name Somatogyrus constrictus, of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Lithoglyphidae. This species is endemic to Alabama in the United States.  Its natural habitat is the Coosa River. Although the IUCN officially categorises the species as Data Deficient, it also considers it as Possibly extinct, as it has not been recorded since the river was impounded. This latter classification is also supported by The Nature Conservancy. The taxonomic validity of this species has been questioned; it may represent morphological aberrations of other, valid species.  If it is a valid species, it would be assessed as threatened.

Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.
Gerald Wexler
Gerald Wexler is a Canadian film and television screenwriter. He is most noted as cowriter with Mort Ransen of the 1995 film Margaret's Museum, for which they won the Genie Award for Best Screenplay at the 16th Genie Awards in 1996.

His other credits have included episodes of the television series Urban Angel, The Smoggies, Are You Afraid of the Dark? and The Hunger, and the television films Manuel, le fils emprunté and St. Urbain's Horseman.

He was born and raised in Outremont, Quebec, and is fluently bilingual.

Margaret's Museum
Margaret's Museum is a 1995 Canadian-British drama film directed by Mort Ransen and based on Sheldon Currie's novel The Glace Bay Miners' Museum. It stars Helena Bonham Carter, Clive Russell, and Kate Nelligan. The film won six Genie Awards, including acting awards for Bonham Carter and Nelligan.
The Berlin-Potsdam Railway
The Berlin-Potsdam Railway is an oil-on-canvas painting by German artist Adolph Menzel, created in 1847. It belongs to the early creative phase of the artist and depicts a section of the Berlin-Potsdam Railway, opened in 1838, at the southwest of the city center of Berlin, in a style that seems to anticipate impressionism. This is the first painting to depict a railway train in the landscape in German painting. The work belongs to the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie, in Berlin, since 1899.

Alte Nationalgalerie
The Alte Nationalgalerie (lit. Old National Gallery) is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin, Germany. The gallery was built from 1862 to 1876 by the order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler and Johann Heinrich Strack in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles. The building's outside stair features a memorial to Frederick William IV. Currently, the Alte Nationalgalerie is home to paintings and sculptures of the 19th century and hosts a variety of tourist buses daily. As part of the Museum Island complex, the gallery was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 for its outstanding architecture and its testimony to the development of museums and galleries as a cultural phenomenon in the late 19th century.
Eminent Lives
The Eminent Lives series is HarperCollins' series of "brief biographies by distinguished authors on canonical figures."  The general editor of the series was James Atlas.

The series includes books by:

Robert Gottlieb on George Balanchine

Paul Johnson on George Washington

Christopher Hitchens on Thomas Jefferson

Michael Korda on Ulysses S. Grant

Francine Prose on Caravaggio

Edmund Morris on Ludwig van Beethoven

Joseph Epstein on Alexis de Tocqueville

Peter Kramer on Sigmund Freud

Karen Armstrong on Muhammad

Bill Bryson on William Shakespeare

Matt Ridley on Francis Crick

Ross King on Niccolò Machiavelli.

Edmund Morris (writer)
Arthur Edmund Morris (May 27, 1940 – May 24, 2019) was a South African and American writer, known for his biographies of U.S. Presidents. His 1979 book The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was the first of a trilogy of books on Roosevelt. However, Morris sparked controversy with his 1999 book, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan, due to its extensive use of fictional elements.
Gland railway station
Gland railway station (French: Gare de Gland) is a railway station in the municipality of Gland, in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Lausanne–Geneva line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Lausanne–Geneva railway
The Lausanne–Geneva railway is a double-track main railway line in Switzerland. It is an important for passenger transport and is the most frequented railway in Romandy. It serves as an approach from Geneva to the Simplon Railway and the line to Bern and Zürich.
Auguste Piccard (PX-8)
The Auguste Piccard mesoscaphe, also known simply as the Mésoscaphe, was a crewed underwater submarine designed in 1964 by Jacques Piccard, son of Auguste Piccard. It was the world's first passenger submarine, built for Expo64, the 1964 Swiss national exhibition in Lausanne. It was built at the Giovanola fabrication plant in Monthey and the first immersion took place in Le Bouveret on 27 February 1964. It has a total of 45 Plexiglas portholes, with 20 on each side for the 40 passengers.

The Auguste Piccard achieved 1,100 dives in Lake Geneva with 33,000 visitors in 1964 and 1965, to a depth of approximately 150 metres. The ride cost 40 Swiss francs and was the hit of the national exhibition. From 1969 to 1984, it achieved scientific and industrial observation dives in the Gulf of Mexico.

The ship is currently on display at the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne. It was fully restored for the first time between 2005 and 2014, the restoration taking 28,000 hours.

Le Bouveret
Le Bouveret (French pronunciation: [lə buvʁɛ]) is a village in the commune of Port-Valais in the Swiss canton of Valais. Situated at the southernmost end of Lake Geneva and close to the French border, Le Bouveret is very much tourism-oriented with several amusement attractions, including the Swiss Vapeur Parc and the waterpark Aquaparc. Le Bouveret is also the seat of Cesar Ritz Colleges, a Hospitality school.
Nathan Ip
Nathan Ip (born 1981 or 1982) is a Canadian politician from the Alberta New Democratic Party. He is the MLA for Edmonton-South West, after unseating former Minister of Justice and former Deputy Premier Kaycee Madu in the 2023 Alberta general election. Madu also served as Minister of Skilled Trades and Professions. Before his election to the legislature, Ip was an Edmonton Public School Board Trustee for Ward H from 2013 to 2023.

Edmonton-South West
Edmonton-South West is a provincial electoral district in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The district was created in the 2010 boundary redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post voting system.
Homerites
Homerites is a genus of small, involute, globase fossil ceratitids with an eccentric outer whorl and subammonitic sutures belonging to the family Halortidae The body chamber has a slight central keel and radial dichotomous ribs that commonly terminate at spines on the ventral shoulder. Homerites, described and named by Mojsisovics in 1893 has been found in the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of California and the Alps. The Halortidae in which it is placed is part of the superfamily Tropitaceae.

Ceratitida
Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post-Triassic ammonites.

Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes. In a few the sutures are goniatitic while in others they are ammonitic.
Pennsylvania Cable Network
PCN (the Pennsylvania Cable Network) is a private, non-profit cable television network dedicated to 24-hour coverage of government and public affairs in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  Built on the C-SPAN model, it features live coverage of both Houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, as well as other forms of informational and educational programming. It is available on every cable system in the state, and is also available on line through the PCN Select subscription service.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
Charles E. Phelps (professor)
Charles E. Phelps is an expert on health care economics, digital scholarship, and intellectual property rights, and is the former Provost (education) of the University of Rochester, from July 1, 1994 until he retired on July 31, 2007.

Association of American Universities
The Association of American Universities (AAU) is an organization of predominantly American research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. Founded in 1900, it consists of 69 public and private universities in the United States as well as 2 universities in Canada. AAU membership is by invitation only and requires an affirmative vote of three-quarters of current members.