hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 18
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 18 (P. Oxy. 18) is a fragment of the first book of the Histories of Herodotus (chapters 105-106), written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the third century AD. It is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 182 by 87 mm. The fragment contains 13 lines of text. The text is written in a good-sized round formal uncial hand. The style of writing resembles great biblical codices. It has deep margins. The fragment supports the manuscript tradition though there are a few variations in the form of words representing differences in dialect.

Bernard Pyne Grenfell
Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist. Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
Richard Luman
Richard John Luman (April 26, 1900 – April 26, 1973) was an American football and basketball player.  He played college football for Yale University and was a consensus selection at the end position on the 1924 College Football All-America Team.

Luman was raised in Pinedale, Wyoming, and attended preparatory school at Phillips Exeter Academy.  He attended college at Yale University, where he was a member of the football and basketball teams.  As an end for the Yale Bulldogs football team, he was a consensus first-team All-American.  In basketball, he played at the center position and was selected as the captain of the 1924–25 Yale basketball team.

He died in 1973.

Phillips Exeter Academy
Phillips Exeter Academy (also known as Exeter or PEA) is an independent, co-educational, college-preparatory school in Exeter, New Hampshire. Established in 1781, it is America's sixth-oldest boarding school and educates an estimated 1,100 boarding and day students in grades 9 to 12, as well as postgraduate students.

Exeter houses the world's largest high school library. The academy admits students on a need-blind basis and offers free tuition to students with family incomes under $125,000. Its list of notable alumni includes U.S. president Franklin Pierce, U.S. politician Daniel Webster, over 35 U.S. congresspeople, six governors of U.S. states, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, three Medal of Honor recipients, and three Nobel Prize recipients.
Garage Classical
Garage Classical is the first album by British disc jockey DJ Spoony with Katie Chatburn and the Ignition Orchestra, released on 18 October 2019, on the Since 93 label. The album contains orchestral covers of classic UK garage tracks and features appearances from Paloma Faith, Sugababes, Lily Allen, Emeli Sandé, Gabrielle, So Solid Crew and more.

The album was preceded by the release of two promotional singles, "Moving Too Fast" featuring Paloma Faith and "Sweet Like Chocolate" featuring Lily Allen. "Flowers" featuring Sugababes was the only single to chart, reaching No. 22 in Scotland and No. 26 on the UK Dance Singles Chart.

Gabrielle (singer)
Louisa Gabriella Bobb (born 19 July 1969), known professionally as Gabrielle, is a British singer. Born in Hackney, London, she released her debut single, "Dreams", in 1993, and it topped the UK Singles Chart the same year. Her other singles include "Going Nowhere", "Give Me a Little More Time", "Walk On By", and "If You Ever" – a duet with East 17.

After a few inactive years, Gabrielle made a comeback with "Rise", which became her second UK number one, in 2000. Her album of the same name reached the top spot on the UK Albums Chart, where it stayed for three weeks. The song "Out of Reach", from the soundtrack to Bridget Jones's Diary, reached number four on the UK Singles Chart. She released the compilation Dreams Can Come True, Greatest Hits Vol. 1 in 2001.
Bannock Burn
The Bannock Burn (Scottish Gaelic: Allt a'  Bhonnaich) is a stream (burn is Scots for stream) which rises at about 1,300 feet (400 m) on Touchadam Moor, NS715891, just to the north of Earl's Hill in the Touch Hills to the south-west of Stirling in central Scotland. The Bannock flows eastward and enters the River Forth to the east of Stirling, close to the site of the Battle of Bannockburn (1314), about 7.58 miles (12.20 km) from its source. The burn itself meanders and is considerably longer. A nearby town, nowadays a suburb of Stirling, is accordingly called Bannockburn.

The Battle of Sauchieburn (1488) was also fought close to the Bannock Burn.

The Bannock Burn marks a significant point on the Clyde–Forth isthmus — hence the battle muster cry from beyond Bannauc. In Sub-Roman Britain the isthmus defined the boundary between the Picts of Caledonia to the north, the Celtic Britons of the Hen Ogledd (Old North) to the south, and the Gododdin to the northeast.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.
Western crowned warbler
The western crowned warbler (Phylloscopus occipitalis) is a leaf warbler which breeds in Central Asia. It winters in the forests of the Western Ghats. It prefers forests with high foliage complexity and tree density.

The nest is built in a hole, and the typical clutch is four eggs.

The species has a distinctive crown stripe and two wing-bars. It often moves in small flocks or in mixed hunting parties.

Mixed-species foraging flock
A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. These are different from feeding aggregations, which are congregations of several species of bird at areas of high food availability.

While it is currently unknown how mixed-species foraging flocks originate, researchers have proposed a few mechanisms for their initiation. Many believe that nuclear species play a vital role in mixed-species flock initiation. Additionally, the forest structure is hypothesized to play a vital role in these flocks' formation. In Sri Lanka, for example, vocal mimicry by the greater racket-tailed drongo might have a key role in the initiation of mixed-species foraging flocks, while in parts of the American tropics packs of foraging golden-crowned warblers might play the same role.
State Research Center for Optics and Material Sciences
The State Research Center for Optics and Material Sciences (OPTIMAS) is a research center associated with the University of Kaiserslautern within the framework of the research initiative of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate that pursues research in the areas of laser physics, photonics and plasmonics.

Laser science
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers.

Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as nonlinear optics and quantum optics.
Confidence and Paranoia
"Confidence and Paranoia" is the fifth episode from series one of the science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf. It was first broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 14 March 1988. The plot involves Lister's mutated pneumonia which manifests solid hallucinations.

Written by Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, and directed by Ed Bye, the episode was originally going to be broadcast as the series cliffhanger but was moved down in the broadcast schedule with a new series finale taking its place. Considered to be one of the weaker efforts from the first series, the episode was re-mastered, along with the rest of the first three series, in 1998, to bring the episode up to a standard suitable for international broadcast.

Rob Grant
Robert Grant (25 September 1955 – 25 February 2026) was an English comedy writer, television producer and co-creator of the Red Dwarf comedy franchise. After Red Dwarf, Grant wrote two television series, The Strangerers and Dark Ages, and four solo novels, his last being Fat. During his career Grant was involved in two distinct writing partnerships: the first with Doug Naylor, and the second with Andrew Marshall.
Adelante (Argentine newspaper)
Adelante ('Forward') was a socialist newspaper in Argentina, founded in April 1916 by young left wing dissidents of the Socialist Party.

The group behind Adelante upheld Marxist and internationalist principles, and opposed the reformist leadership of the party. Prominent members of the group were Augusto Kühn, Rodolfo Ghioldi, Victorio Codovilla, and the Chilean labour leader Luis Emilio Recabarren.

Victorio Codovilla
Victorio Codovilla, born Vittorio Codovilla (8 February 1894 – 15 April 1970), was an Italian-born Argentine socialist and later communist politician. At first a member of the Italian Socialist Party, he emigrated to Argentina in 1912 and went on to hold prominent posts in the Comintern and the Communist Party of Argentina (PCA), of which he was General Secretary in 1941–1963 and President in 1963–1970.
The Adventures of King Pausole
The Adventures of King Pausole (French: Les Aventures du roi Pausole) is a French novel with erotic themes by Pierre Louÿs, first published in serial form in 1900. The work has been called "a graceful and spicy bit of drollery".

It was the basis for the 1930 operetta Les aventures du roi Pausole with music by Arthur Honegger.

Arthur Honegger
Oscar-Arthur Honegger (French: [aʁtyʁ ɔnɛɡɛʁ]; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Honegger was a member of Les Six. For Halbreich, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher is "more even than Le Roi David or Pacific 231, his most universally popular work".
George F. Weaton Power Station
The George F. Weaton Power Station was a coal-fired power plant located in Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, along the Ohio River. It was formerly owned by Horsehead Corporation and was completed in 1958 by Kaiser Engineers, later ICF International, at a cost of $30 million. Although the primary purpose of the plant was to supply power to the company's nearby zinc smelting operation, excess electricity could be sold to the local grid market via the site's 138,000 and 69,000 volt transmission lines, owned and operated by Duquesne Light. The power plant itself consisted of two 375,000 lb/h Combustion Engineering steam generators, two 55 megawatt Westinghouse tandem compound double flow steam turbines, and two 65 megawatt Westinghouse generators. The plant was idled in September 2011 and officially closed in July 2012, after more than 50 years of service.

Combustion Engineering
Combustion Engineering (C-E) was a multi-national American-based engineering firm that developed nuclear steam supply power systems in the United States. Originally headquartered in New York City, C-E moved its corporate offices to Stamford, Connecticut, in 1973.  C-E owned over three dozen other companies including Lummus Company, National Tank Company and the Morgan Door Company. The company was acquired by Asea Brown Boveri in early 1990. The boiler and fossil fuel businesses were purchased by Alstom in 2000, and the nuclear business was purchased by Westinghouse Electric Company also in 2000.
André Guerrier
André Onésime Gaston Guerrier (22 October 1874 – 8 December 1948) was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France. Guerrier took the bronze in the 8 Metre.

8 Metre
The International Eight Metre class are class of racing yachts.  Eight Metre boats (often called "Eights" or 8mR) are a construction class, meaning that the boats are not identical but are all designed to meet specific measurement formula, in this case International rule.  Before WW II, Eights were the most prestigious international yacht racing class and they are still raced around the world. "Eight metre" in class name does not, somewhat confusingly, refer to length of the boat, but product of the formula. 8mR boats are on average some 15 metres long. Between 1907 and 2008 approximately 500 8mR boats were built, 177 of them have survived until today.
A Death Worse Than Fate
"A Death Worse Than Fate" is the tenth episode of the Batman television series in its first season. This episode was first broadcast on ABC February 10 and rerun on June 23, 1966, and continues and concludes the story of Zelda the Great, a magician whose fading career has led her to crime. The story began in "Zelda the Great".

Batman (TV series)
Batman is an American comedy television series based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Bruce Wayne/Batman and Burt Ward as Dick Grayson/Robin—two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of archvillains. It is known for its camp style and upbeat theme music, as well as its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality aimed at its preteen audience. The 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966, to March 14, 1968, twice weekly during the first two seasons, and weekly for the third. A companion feature film was released in 1966 between the first and second seasons of the TV show.

Batman held the record for the longest-running live-action superhero television series (in terms of episodes) until it was surpassed by Smallville in 2007.
Massimo Brambilla
Massimo Brambilla (born 4 March 1973) is an Italian professional football coach and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is currently head coach of Serie C Group B club Juventus Next Gen.

AC Reggiana 1919
Associazione Calcio Reggiana, commonly referred to as Reggiana, is a professional football club based in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The club was formed in 1919, reformed in 2005 (Serie C2) and 2018 (Serie D) after going bankrupt twice, and currently plays in the Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. Reggiana is known as i Granata (lit. 'the Maroons') in reference to the club's main colour: maroon.

The club was reformed twice after going bankrupt: in 2005 as Reggio Emilia Football Club, and in 2018 as Reggio Audace Football Club. On both occasions, the club regained the naming rights and the trophies of A.C. Reggiana via judicial auction. The club has participated in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football, seven times; their last appearance dates back to the 1996–97 season.
Washington Huskies women's soccer
The University of Washington Huskies women's soccer team represent the University of Washington in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. Home games are played at Husky Soccer Stadium, located on the University of Washington's campus in Seattle.

Kate Deines
Kathleen Ann Deines (born September 17, 1989) is an American soccer midfielder–defender. She most recently played for Turbine Potsdam in the German Bundesliga and Seattle Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League. Deines was a fourth round pick (23rd overall) of the Atlanta Beat of Women's Professional Soccer in the 2012 WPS Draft of college seniors on January 13, 2012.  The WPS Board of Governors voted to suspend the 2012 season on January 30 citing pending legal issues.  Subsequently, she was free to sign with other teams and rejoined the Seattle Sounders Women, the organization she had previously played for from 2007 to 2009. After the formation of the National Women's Soccer League in late 2012, Deines played for the Seattle Reign during the league's first two seasons. She was traded to FC Kansas City in late 2014 but announced her retirement from professional soccer on March 31, 2015, before the 2015 season began.
Farman F.300
The Farman F.300 and F.310 were trimotor monoplane airliners designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Farman Aviation Works.

They were high-wing strut-braced monoplanes with fixed tailskid undercarriage with a trimotor engine configuration that was popular amongst numerous aircraft manufacturers of the era. Both the cockpit and passenger compartment were fully enclosed. Most saw service in Farman's own airline, whose twelve F.300 variants made up half of its fleet in 1931.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Lal Qila metro station
Lal Qila (also spelled Lal Quila) or Red Fort is an underground metro station on the Netaji Subhash Marg (Netaji Subhash Road) in Chandni Chowk in the Old Delhi area of Delhi, India. It is a part of the Violet Line of the Delhi Metro system and is owned and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. It serves the iconic Red Fort or Lal Qila nearby, which is the former residence of the Mughal emperors of India and is now a Monument of National Importance. The preceding and following stations on the Violet Line are Kashmere Gate and Jama Masjid respectively, the latter serving another Mughal-era monument – the Jama Masjid or the Jama Mosque (congregational mosque) of Delhi, India's largest mosque.

Chandni Chowk
The Chandni Chowk (meaning Moonlight Square) is a street market square it is one of the oldest and busiest markets in Old Delhi, India. Located close to the Old Delhi railway station, the Mughal-era Red Fort is located at the eastern fringes of Chandni Chowk. It was built in 1650 by the Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan, and designed by his daughter, Jahanara. The street spanning the market was historically divided by canals, engineered to reflect moonlight. These canals have since been closed, leaving behind a transformed urban landscape. It remains one of India's largest wholesale markets.
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies is a manufacturer of hydrogen fuel cells based in Singapore. Founded in 2003, the company manufactures micro-size to multi-kilowatt scale (PEM) proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Additionally, it uses hydrogen storage and production methods, including hydrolysis, electrolysis and steam reforming.

Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity."
2021 Engie Open Andrézieux-Bouthéon 42 – Doubles
Jaqueline Cristian and Elena-Gabriela Ruse were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Lu Jiajing and You Xiaodi won the title, defeating Paula Kania-Choduń and Katarina Zavatska in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Elena-Gabriela Ruse
Elena-Gabriela Ruse (born 6 November 1997) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 51 and a best doubles ranking of world No. 32, achieved in May 2022 and 2023, respectively. She is currently the No. 2 Romanian player.

Ruse won her maiden WTA Tour singles title at the 2021 Hamburg European Open. She has also won six singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Al-Mashrah Stadium
Al-Mashrah Stadium (Arabic: ملعب المشرح) is a multi-purpose stadium in Maysan, Iraq. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al-Mashrah FC. The stadium has a capacity crowd of 2,000 and is owned and operated by the Ministry of Youth and Sports.

Maysan Governorate
Maysan Governorate (Arabic: ميسان, romanized: Maysān or Mīsān) is a governorate in southeastern Iraq, bordering Iran. Its administrative centre is the city of Amarah, and it is composed of six districts. Before 1976, it was named Amara Province.
Maria Ștefan
Maria Ştefan (later Mihoreanu, and Cosma, born 16 February 1954) is a retired Romanian canoe sprinter who competed at the 1976, 1980 and 1984 Olympics. She won a gold medal in the K-4 500 m event in 1984 and placed fourth-fifth in the singles in 1976 and 1980. She won three bronze medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, one each in the K-1 500 m (1983), the K-2 500 m (1981), and the K-4 500 m (1983) events. Her sister-in-law Maria Nichiforov is also a former Olympic canoer.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
French ship Dixmude
Three ships of the French Navy have been named Dixmude, in honour of the Fusiliers Marins at the battle of Diksmuide:

French airship Dixmude, an airship, formerly the German LZ 114, lost at sea on 21 December 1923

French aircraft carrier Dixmude, an aircraft carrier, formerly HMS Biter

French ship Dixmude (L9015), the third French Mistral-class amphibious assault ship

Battle of the Yser
The Battle of the Yser (French: Bataille de l'Yser, Dutch: Slag om de IJzer, German: Schlacht an der Yser) was a battle of the First World War that took place in October 1914 between the towns of Nieuwpoort and Diksmuide, along a 35 km (22 mi)  stretch of the Yser River and the Yperlee Canal, in Belgium. The front line was held by a large Belgian force, which halted the German advance in a costly defensive battle.

The victory at the Yser allowed Belgium to retain a small strip of territory,  with Germany in control of 95 per cent of Belgian territory, which made King Albert a Belgian national hero, sustained national pride and provided a venue for commemorations of heroic sacrifice for the next hundred years.