hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
To the Person Sitting in Darkness
"To the Person Sitting in Darkness" is an essay by American author Mark Twain published in the North American Review in February 1901.  It is a satire exposing imperialism as revealed in the Boxer Rebellion and its aftermath, the Boer War, and the Philippine–American War, expressing Twain's anti-imperialist views. It makes reference to the contemporary figures Emilio Aguinaldo, William McKinley, Joseph Chamberlain, William Scott Ament and others, and fueled the Twain–Ament indemnities controversy.

North American Review
The North American Review (NAR) was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by poet William Tudor with the assistance of journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, after which it was inactive until revived at Cornell College in Iowa under Robert Dana in 1964. Since 1968, the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America.
Mount Grosvenor (Alaska Range)
Mount Grosvenor is an 8,400+ ft (2,560+ m) mountain summit located in the Alaska Range, in Denali National Park and Preserve, in Alaska, United States. It is situated on the west side of the Ruth Gorge, 0.87 mi (1 km) northwest of Mount Church and 0.54 mi (1 km) south of Mt. Johnson. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Wake, 1.32 miles (2.12 km) to the northwest. Despite its relatively low elevation, it is notable for its east face with over 4,000 feet of vertical sheer granite. The mountain was named by famed explorer Dr. Frederick Cook who claimed the first ascent of Denali in 1906, but was later disproved. This peak's unofficial name honors Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875–1966), President of the National Geographic Society, father of photojournalism, and the first full-time editor of National Geographic magazine. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1979 by Gary Bocarde, Charlie Head, John Lee, and Jon Thomas.

Ruth Glacier
Ruth Glacier is a glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. Its upper reaches are approximately 3 vertical miles below the summit of Denali. The glacier's "Great Gorge" is one mile wide, and drops almost 2,000 feet (610 m) over 10 miles (16 km), with crevasses along the surface. Above the surface on both sides are 4,900 feet (1,500 m) granite cliffs. From the top of the cliffs to the bottom of the glacier is a height exceeding that of the Grand Canyon. Ruth Glacier moves at a rate of 3 feet (0.91 m) per day and was measured to be 4,000 feet (1,200 m) thick in 1983.

Surrounding the Ruth Gorge are many mountains of the Alaska Range, including the Mooses Tooth, Mount Dickey, Mount Bradley, Mount Wake, Mount Johnson, and London Tower with highly technical ice and rock climbs on their faces.

According to the National Park Service (NPS), several air taxi operators are authorized to land aircraft on Ruth Glacier in Denali National Park.
Desenci
Desenci (pronounced [ˈdeːsɛntsi]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Destrnik in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Pesnica Valley. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Altair Martins
Altair Teixeira Martins (born 1975) is a Brazilian writer. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. He studied at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

His debut title, published when he was 24, was a short story collection titled Como se moesse ferro (1999). He published his second book of short stories Se chovessem Pássaros in 2003. His debut novel A parede no escuro (2008) - originally his master's dissertation at UFRGS - won the São Paulo Literature Prize. His next book, a short story collection called Enquanto água (2012), won the Moacyr Scliar Prize. His 2014 novel Terra Avulsa was again part of his PhD thesis at UFRGS. He published a road novel titled Os donos do inverno in 2019.

Martins has also written plays. He has taught at PUCRS.

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS) is a Brazilian public federal research university based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. UFRGS is among the largest and highest-rated universities in Brazil, having one of the largest number of scientific publications. From 2012 to 2019, the university was elected as the best federal university of Brazil. UFRGS has over 31,000 undergraduate students, over 12,000 graduate students, and more than 2,600 faculty members. As a Brazilian public federal institution, students do not pay tuition fees to enroll in courses offered by the university.

Among the main alumni affiliated with UFRGS, there are three former presidents of Brazil, former state governors, former members of the Supreme Federal Court, members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and important Brazilian actors, musicians and journalists.
Masud, Hama
Masud, Hama (Arabic: مسعود)  is a Syrian village located in Uqayribat Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Masud, Hama had a population of 1,625 in the 2004 census.

Salamiyah District
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية Salamīya) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 187,123. Its administrative district is the city of Salamiyah.
Percy Ross (cricketer)
Percy C Ross (dates of birth and death unknown) was an Irish first-class cricketer.

A leading member of Cork County in the first decade of the 1900s, Ross made his debut for Ireland in a minor match against Cambridge University at Cork in 1904. He later made played one first-class match for Ireland against the touring South Africans at Woodbrook in 1912. Batting twice in the match, Ross top-scored with 26 runs in Ireland's first-innings, before being dismissed by Aubrey Faulkner, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Claude Carter for 3 runs. With his medium pace bowling, he took the wickets of Herbie Taylor and Frank Mitchell, taking figures of 2/99 from 23 overs. He did not play for Ireland again.

Cork County Cricket Club
Cork County Cricket Club is a cricket club in Cork, Ireland, playing in Division 2 of the Leinster Senior League. A member of the Munster Cricket Union, it is the only club from outside Leinster playing in the Leinster League.

The club was established in 1874. In 2009, it was given permission by the Leinster Cricket Union to compete in the Leinster League from the 2010 season. Promotion to Division 1 was first achieved in 2014.
Georg Schrattenecker
Georg Schrattenecker is a former Austrian Paralympic athlete. He represented Austria at the 1988 Summer Paralympics held in Seoul, South Korea and he won the bronze medal in the men's marathon 5–6 event. He also competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics and the 1996 Summer Paralympics.

He also won the bronze medal in the men's wheelchair race at the 1995 London Marathon in London, United Kingdom.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Pierre Lewden
Pierre Lewden (21 February 1901 – 30 April 1989) was a French high jumper who competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. He won a bronze medal in 1924 and finished in seventh place in 1920 and 1928. Despite his short statue (1.67 m) Lewden was ranked #1–2 in Europe and #3–9 in the world in 1921–1925.

Lewden won the British AAA Championships title in the high jump event at the 1922 AAA Championships and returned the following year to win both the high jump and pole jump titles, at the 1923 AAA Championships.

In 1925, Lewden finished second behind Harold Osborn in the hgih jump event at the 1925 AAA Championships.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
From Chao Phraya to Irrawaddy
From Chao Phraya to Irrawaddy (Thai: จากเจ้าพระยาสู่อิรวดี; Burmese: ကျောက်ဖရားမှဧရာဝတီသို့) is a 2022 Thai-Burmese historical drama television series directed by Chatchai Katenut starring Thai actor Jirayu Thantrakul, Thai actress Tangtang Nattaruchi, Burmese actor Daung and Burmese actress Hnin Thway Yu Aung. It aired on Thai PBS 3, from January 1 to February 6, 2022, on every Saturday and Sunday at (THA) 20:15.

The series is based on the Burmese-Thai historical background of Konbaung dynasty and post-Ayutthaya Kingdom c. 1785. That was eighteen years after dissolution of Ayutthaya Kingdom, during the time of King Bodawpaya.

Time in Thailand
Thailand follows Indochina Time, which is seven hours ahead of UTC. The local mean time in Bangkok was originally UTC+06:42:04. Thailand used this local mean time until 1920, when it changed to Indochina Time, UTC+07:00; ICT is used all year round as Thailand never observed daylight saving time. Thailand shares the same time zone with Vietnam, Laos, Christmas Island, & Western Indonesia, as well as parts of Russia.
Wilminstone
Wilminstone is a village in the civil parish of Mary Tavy in the West Devon district of Devon, England. Its nearest town is Tavistock, which lies approximately 1.1 miles (1.8 km) south-west of the hamlet. Wilminstone is situated on the C157 a few hundred yards north of the A386; this is also part of National Cycle Route No.27. The River Wallabrooke flows alongside. Just to the north was Wilminstone Quarry, which once provided more than 1,200 tonnes of roadstone per week; it is now abandoned and flooded. Wilminstone stood on the Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway line from Bere Alston to Lydford; the line and the station closed in 1968.  The large railway viaduct (Bridge No.652) where the line crossed the Wallabrooke still exists today.

West Devon
West Devon is a local government district with borough status in Devon, England. Its council is based in Tavistock, the borough's largest town. The borough also includes the towns of Hatherleigh, North Tawton and Okehampton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

A large area in the south-east of the borough lies within the Dartmoor National Park, and part of the south-west of the borough lies within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Torridge, Mid Devon, Teignbridge, South Hams and Cornwall.
$1,000 a Touchdown
$1,000 a Touchdown is a 1939 American comedy film directed by James P. Hogan, written by Delmer Daves, and starring Joe E. Brown, Martha Raye, Eric Blore, Susan Hayward, John Hartley and Joyce Mathews. It was released on October 4, 1939, by Paramount Pictures.

Joe E. Brown
Joseph Evans Brown (July 28, 1891 – July 6, 1973) was an American actor and comedian, remembered for his friendly screen persona, comic timing, and enormous, elastic-mouth smile. He was one of the most popular American comedians in the 1930s and 1940s, and enjoyed lengthy careers in both motion pictures and radio. Later he became a character actor and comedian, as in Some Like It Hot (1959), in which he utters the film's famous punchline "Well, nobody's perfect."
Computer Aided Verification
In computer science, the International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV) is an annual academic conference on the theory and practice of computer-aided formal analysis of software and hardware systems, broadly known as formal methods. Among the important results originally published in CAV are techniques in model checking, such as Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement and partial order reduction. It is often ranked among the top conferences in computer science.

The first CAV was held in 1989 in Grenoble, France. The CAV proceedings (1989-present) are published by Springer Science+Business Media. They have been open access since 2018. The annual CAV Award was established in 2008. The list of recipients and citations can be found at https://i-cav.org/cav-award/.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Gale Banks
Gale Banks (born August 23, 1942) is an American hot rodder, drag racer, engineer, and entrepreneur who grew up in Lynwood, California.  
His company, Gale Banks Engineering, sells performance parts for automotive and marine engines. It specializes in diesel engines, and high end cutting-edge equipment, performance parts, and auxiliaries. The company has approximately 100+ employees.

Lynwood, California
Lynwood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 67,265, down from 69,772 at the 2010 census. Lynwood is located near South Gate and Compton in the central portion of the Los Angeles Basin. Incorporated in 1921, Lynwood was named after the Lynwood Dairy and Creamery, from which the local station of the Pacific Electric Railway had been named.
Marshall Hawkins (musician)
Marshall Hawkins (born July 14, 1939) is a jazz musician and teacher. He grew up in Washington DC.

He is possibly best known for being one of several bassists who took over from Ron Carter when the latter left Miles Davis' so-called Second Great Quintet. Hawkins played with Miles Davis, along with Herbie Hancock and drummer Tony Williams. More recently, Hawkins has been part of the West Coast version of the Harry Pickens Trio, featuring  Louisville jazz pianist, with Harold Mason on drums.

Hawkins later taught at the Idyllwild School of Music and the Arts (ISOMATA), now Idyllwild Arts Academy, and currently is head of the Jazz Program.

On February 5, 2022, Hawkins received an honorary doctorate of music performance from a California Baptist University.

Idyllwild Arts Academy
Idyllwild Arts Academy is a private school located in Idyllwild, in the San Jacinto Mountains and San Bernardino National Forest, within western Riverside County, California. The school was founded in 1946. It was previously known as Idyllwild School of Music and the Arts. Joy in the Making (1967) is a documentary about its summer arts program made by filmmaker Virginia Garner, who became a Trustee Emeritus of the Board of Governors and Trustees of the Idyllwild Arts Foundation.
Wong-Lee Siok Tin
Wong-Lee Siok Tin (1938–1993) was a Singaporean journalist and head of broadcasting at the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation between 1981 and 1991. During her tenure she was credited with diversifying programming to include niche interests and for overseeing the creation of Channel 12. In 2017 she was inducted in the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame for her contribution towards Singaporean journalism.

Singapore Women's Hall of Fame
The Singapore Women's Hall of Fame is a virtual hall of fame that honors and documents the lives of historically significant women in Singapore. The hall is the creation of the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations (SCWO), and grew out of an earlier nine-member wall of fame that the organization created in 2005.
Vision International University
Vision International University is an American interdenominational Christian Seminary based in Ramona, California. The university offers  distance education and online academic degree programs designed to prepare people for professional ministry.

The institution traces its roots to Vision International College (alternatively known as Vision Christian College) in Australia, which was founded in 1974 in Launceston, Tasmania, by Australian theologian and author Ken Chant. Together with Vision International College, City Vision University, and several other Christian educational institutions, Vision International University is a member institution of the Vision International Education Network.

Ramona, San Diego County, California
Ramona is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California.  The population was 21,468 at the 2020 census, up from 20,292 at the 2010 census.

The name Ramona also refers to an unincorporated community of San Diego (with some plans to incorporate) that includes both the Ramona CDP and the adjacent CDP of San Diego Country Estates. The population of the two CDPs, which does not include the fringe areas surrounding the CDPs, was 30,301 at the 2010 census, up from 25,223 at the 2000 census. The Ramona Community Planning Area had a population of 33,404 at the 2000 census. The January 1, 2006, population of the Ramona Community Planning Area is estimated to be 36,405 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). USDA Hardiness Zones are 9b and 10a.
2015 Clare Senior Football Championship
The 2015 Clare Senior Football Championship was the 120th staging of the Clare Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

The defending champions and holders of the Jack Daly Cup were Cratloe who successfully defended their maiden title won in 2013. Having defeated Crusheen in the senior hurling final seven days earlier, they completed a historic first Clare Senior Championship 'Double' since Ennis Dalcassians in 1929, defeating Éire Óg, Ennis in the 2014 county football final.

Crusheen GAA
Crusheen GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Crusheen, County Clare, Ireland.  The club is almost exclusively concerned with the game of hurling. In October 2010, Crusheen became Clare hurling champions for the first time in their 123-year history with a 2–13 to 1–11 win against Cratloe. In their first ever Munster Club Championship, they were defeated by Kilmallock in the quarter-final by 0–14 to 2–11 
In October 2011, Crusheen retained their county title after defeating Sixmilebridge at a waterlogged Cusack Park.

In November 2011, Crusheen played in their first ever Munster Senior Club Hurling Final against Na Piarsaigh from Limerick, the match finishing in a 0–14 to 1–11 draw. In the replay Na Piarsaigh won the title by 1–13 to 0–09.
Al-Amin (cricketer)
Mohammad Al-Amin (born 5 October 1993), known simply as Al-Amin, is a Bangladeshi first-class cricketer who plays for Barisal Division. He was a member of Bangladesh's under-19 cricket team for the 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

He was the leading run-scorer for Prime Bank Cricket Club in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, with 495 runs in 11 matches. In October 2018, he was named in the squad for the Khulna Titans, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. He was the leading run-scorer for Barisal Division in the 2018–19 National Cricket League, with 260 runs in five matches.

2018–19 National Cricket League
The 2018–19 National Cricket League was the twentieth edition of the National Cricket League (NCL), a first-class cricket competition that was held in Bangladesh. The tournament started on 1 October 2018, with eight teams placed into two tiers. Khulna Division were the defending champions.

The opening round of matches saw a total of thirteen centuries made by twelve different batsman, the first time this had happened at the start of a cricket tournament in Bangladesh. Round four of the tournament produced the two narrowest victories in the history of the NCL, with Sylhet Division winning their match against Dhaka Metropolis by three runs, and Rangpur Division beating Barisal Division by five runs.

Rajshahi Division won the tournament, to claim their sixth title in the competition, after beating Barisal Division by six wickets in the final round of matches. In Tier 2, Dhaka Division were promoted for the next season.
Cascadia Con
Cascadia Con was the eighth North American Science Fiction Convention, held in SeaTac, Washington, on September 1–5, 2005, at the Seattle Airport Hilton and Conference Center.  This NASFiC was held because Glasgow, Scotland, was selected as the location for the 2005 Worldcon.

Chase Masterson
Chase Masterson (born Christianne Carafano on February 26, 1963) is an American actress, singer and producer best known for her role as Leeta on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. She has appeared in the TV shows General Hospital, Sliders, and ER and voiced characters in several animated films. As a singer, she has released several albums. In 2008, Masterson won the Best Feature Film Producer award at the LA Femme Film Festival for the film Yesterday Was a Lie, in which she also acted. In 2013, Masterson co-founded the Pop Culture Hero Coalition to speak out against bullying, racism, misogyny, homophobia and other forms of hate.
2022 Santa Cruz Challenger – Doubles
This was the first edition of the tournament as part of the Legión Sudamericana.

Diego Hidalgo and Cristian Rodríguez won the title after defeating Andrej Martin and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn 4–6, 6–3, [10–8] in the final.

Diego Hidalgo (tennis)
Diego Hidalgo (born 18 April 1993) is an Ecuadorian tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 61 achieved on 1 July 2024. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 358 achieved on 3 February 2020.

Hidalgo has won 9 ATP Challengers and 16 ITF doubles titles.
He represents Ecuador at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 4–6.
Helene L. Kaplan
Helene Lois Kaplan (1933 – January 30, 2023) was an American lawyer and nonprofit executive. She was of counsel at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom and was the first person to serve as two-time Chairman of the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Of counsel
Of counsel is the title of an attorney in the legal profession of the United States who often has a relationship with a law firm or an organization but is neither an associate nor partner.  Some firms use titles such as "counsel", "special counsel", and "senior counsel" for the same concept. According to American Bar Association Formal Opinion 90-357, the term "of counsel" is used to describe a "close, personal, continuous, and regular relationship" between the firm and counsel lawyer. In large law firms, the title generally denotes a lawyer with the experience of a partner, but who does not carry the same workload or business development responsibility.