hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lectionary 274
Lectionary 274, designated by siglum ℓ 274 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 16th century.
It used to be known as Nanianus 202. The manuscript has complex contents.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Una Peaks
Una Peaks, formerly known as Cape Renard Towers, are two towers of basalt, each topped by a cap of ice, guarding the northern entrance to the Lemaire Channel on the Antarctic Peninsula. With the highest summit at 747 metres (2,451 ft),  The formation has been long colloquially known as "Una's Tits". The peaks appear on a British Antarctic Territory stamp although they are not identified as such.  The individual towers are referred to as "buttresses".

Una Spivey was the name of a secretary in the governor's office in Stanley, Falkland Islands who was working for what is now the British Antarctic Survey. The tallest tower has only been summited once; this was by a German team in 1999  (Kurt Albert, Stefan Glowacz, Hans Martin Götz, Gerhard Heidorn, Holger Heuber and Jürgen Knappe).

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Footprint in the Ocean
Footprint in the Ocean (Russian: След в океане) is a 1964 Soviet adventure film directed by Oleg Nikolayevsky produced by Sverdlovsk Film Studio.

A Soviet scientist develops new scuba gear, which is tested by the best divers in a warship of the Northern Fleet. Western intelligence agencies, in turn, are interested in the unique possibilities of the invention and the scientist’s diaries. And to get them they send a spy in Moscow.

Sverdlovsk Film Studio
Sverdlovsk Film Studio (Russian: Свердловская Киностудия) is a Russian film studio based in Yekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk). It is a regional studio that was established on 9 February 1943 in the midst of World War II. In 1944 the studio produced its first film, Silva,  a musical comedy based on the Austrian operetta Sylva.

In 1998, Sverdlovsk Film Studio almost went bankrupt. This was resolved with help from the state, a new management team and independent producers. Between 2003 and 2008, aerial cinematography was used to create projects such as  First on the Moon. Other projects were The Admiral and the theatrical film, co-produced by Sverdlovsk Film Studio, The House of the Sun.
Disconnected (Face to Face song)
"Disconnected" is a song by the American punk rock band Face to Face, written by singer/guitarist Trever Keith and bassist Matt Riddle. It first appeared on their 1992 debut album Don't Turn Away and was released as a 7" single in 1993 on the independent record label Fat Wreck Chords. A remixed version appeared on the Over It EP in 1994 after the band had signed to Victory Music. This version received radio airplay, leading the label to request that the band re-record "Disconnected" for their second album Big Choice (1995). This third version of the song was made into a music video and reached #39 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1995.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Oper am Brühl
51°20′32.5″N 12°22′47.9″E﻿ / ﻿51.342361°N 12.379972°E﻿ / 51.342361; 12.379972

The Oper am Brühl (also Barockoper Leipzig) was the first opera house in Leipzig. It existed from 1693 to 1720 and was the second municipal music theatre in Germany, after the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. It was initiated by Nicolaus Adam Strungk who saw a potential audience during the three annual trade fairs in Leipzig. An opera house was built, and opened on 8 May 1693. The house flourished when Georg Philipp Telemann directed the opera from 1703 to 1705. Among his operas for the house is Germanicus, premiered in 1704. A collection of 100 excerpts from the operas, Musicalische Rüstkammer, has been explored for background. The building was found in a dangerous state in 1719, was closed in 1720 and demolished in 1729.

Kammerorchester Basel
The chamber orchestra Kammerorchester Basel was founded in Basel, Switzerland, in 1984. In the tradition of Paul Sacher's Basler Kammerorchester, its focus is on both early music and contemporary classical music. The orchestra plays regularly without a conductor with their leading concertmasters Julia Schröder, Daniel Bard and Baptiste Lopez.

The Basel Chamber Orchestra is recognised as one of the leading chamber orchestras in the classical music scene. Invitations to the most important worldwide concert houses and festivals shape their agenda, as well as their own subscription concerts in Basel.
Albert Lévy (photographer)
Albert Levy (1847–1931) was a French photographer active in Europe and the United States. Mostly active in the 1870s and 1890s in the United States, returning to France in 1896, he was a pioneer on architectural photography.

He developed a catalogue with 2500 titles that is available through the Gallica web project of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) as well as in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library. His catalogue covers France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States.
He was one of the first photographers to have studios on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean: in Paris and New York.

His main contribution to history documentation was his "Albert Levy's architectural photographic Series" in the 1870s that consists of albums with 30–40 albumen prints of the Architecture of the United States, with a size of 20x24 cm approximately. There are at least 36 series.

Albumen print
The albumen print, also called albumen silver print, is a method of producing a photographic print using egg whites. Published in January 1847 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, it was the first commercial process of producing a photo on a paper base from a negative, previous methods—such as the daguerreotype and the tintype—having been printed on metal. It became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the start of the 20th century, with a peak in the 1860–1890 period.  During the mid-19th century, the carte de visite became one of the more popular uses of the albumen method. In the 19th century, E. & H. T. Anthony & Company were the largest makers and distributors of albumen photographic prints and paper in the United States.
Harvey Ladew Williams Jr.
Harvey Ladew Williams Jr. (1900–1986) was an American businessman who received induction into the National Order of the Legion of Honour in 1962 for 47 years of service to the French government. During his career, Williams served as president of several financial and industrial firms, including Air Investors Inc. (1928–1933), Fidelity International Corporation (1963–1965), and Philco International (1957–1962). He also served as president of the United States Council for International Business, the American affiliate of the International Chamber of Commerce, from 1973 to 1977. After his retirement, the council named him as their honorary president.

United States Council for International Business
The United States Council for International Business (USCIB) is an independent business advocacy group that was founded in 1945 to promote free trade and help represent U.S. business in the then-new United Nations. One of its primary goals is expanding market access for U.S. products and services abroad. The organization is strongly in favor of open markets and sensible regulation.
Grewia retusifolia
Grewia retusifolia is a shrub species in the family Malvaceae. Common names include dysentery bush, emu-berry, dog's balls, turkey bush and diddle diddle. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of Eastern Australia and Northern Western Australia. The species produces small, sweet, two-lobed fruit with a fibrous acidic pulp surrounding the seeds. Leichhardt described the fruits as having a very agreeable taste, which could be boiled to make a refreshing drink. Indigenous Australians use the bark and leaves in medications. The crushed leaves were used as a poultice to relieve toothaches.

Ludwig Leichhardt
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç 'vɪlhɛlm 'lu:tvɪç 'laɪçhaːʁt]; 23 October 1813 – c. 1848), known as Ludwig Leichhardt, was a German explorer and naturalist, most famous for his exploration of northern and central Australia.
Silvey
Silvey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anita Silvey (born 1947), American author, editor, and literary critic

Ben Silvey (1894–1948), American assistant director, producer, and production manager

Craig Silvey (born 1982), Australian novelist

Ryan Silvey (born 1976), American politician

Samuel D. Silvey, British statistician

Shirley Silvey (1927–2010), American animator

Susie Silvey (born 1956), English actress, dancer and model

Ben Silvey
Ben Silvey (May 23, 1894 – February 7, 1948) was an American assistant director, producer  and production manager. He was nominated at the 6th Academy Awards for the short lived Best Assistant Director category.
EWU–UM Governors Cup
The EWU–UM Governors Cup is the college football rivalry game between the University of Montana Grizzlies and the Eastern Washington University Eagles, both members of the Big Sky Conference in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

University of Idaho
The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public land-grant research university in Moscow, Idaho, United States. Established 137 years ago in 1889 and opened three years later, it was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963.

The university comprises ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. It enrolls approximately 12,000 students across its campuses, with 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university is classified among "Research 1: Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the rural Palouse, the university is represented in intercollegiate athletics by the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I, primarily in the Big Sky Conference. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the U of I has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls; it also operates a research park in Post Falls, and dozens of extension offices statewide.
ELMO3
Engulfment and cell motility 3, also known as ELMO3, is a human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a C. elegans protein that functions in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Other members of this small family of engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) proteins have been shown to interact with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 (DOCK1) protein to promote phagocytosis and effect cell shape changes.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
Kãkwã people
Kãkwã, Cacua or Bará-maku is an indigenous people living in northwestern Amazonia, between Vaupés, Querarí and Papuri rivers, in Colombia, close to the border with Brazil, within Vaupés indigenous Resguardo. The Kãkwã are approximately 250 people, who speak their own language, which is part of the Macu family and is closely related to the Nukak language.

Each Kãkwã is part of an exogamous patrilineal clan. The clans engage in marital exchanges and consider themselves "baih", brothers-in-law or bilateral cross-cousins.

Originally nomadic hunter-gatherers, later subjected to the neighboring ethnic groups, but currently established in the towns of Wacará and Pueblo Nuevo, their main activity is agriculture, although they continue to hunt and fish.

Nukak language
The Nukak language, or pejoratively Nukak Makú, is the language of the Nukak people. Other than being very closely related to Kakwa, it is of uncertain classification, perhaps part of the Puinave-Maku family.
Al Waheda
Al Waheda (Arabic: الوحيدة) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Located in eastern Dubai in Deira, Al Waheda is bordered to the north by Al Hamriya Port, to the west by Abu Hail, to the east by Al Mamzar, and to the south by Hor Al Anz.  The routes D 92 (Al Khaleej Road) and D 89 (Al Rasheed Road) form the northern and southern peripheries of Al Waheda.

Al Waheda, literally meaning The One, is primarily a residential community with a mix of low-rise apartments and independent villas and town homes.  The consulates of the Philippines and Syria are located in Al Waheda.

Consulate
A consulate is the office of a consul. A type of mission, it is usually subordinate to the state's main representation in the capital of that foreign country (host state), usually an embassy (or, only between two Commonwealth countries, a high commission). The term "consulate" may refer not only to the office of a consul, but also to the building occupied by the consul and the consul's staff. The consulate primarily serves its visiting nationals to the region in which it is based, and prospective visitors, commercial entities, or regional governments, who wish access or connections to the consulate's home country. There is usually also consular services in the capital too, and in those cases, the consulate may share premises with the embassy itself.
Nina Rajarani
Nina Rajarani, MBE, is a South Asian dancer and Artistic Director of Srishti - Nina Rajarani Dance Creations.

Nina Rajarani was awarded the Diploma in Bharatanatyam from the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in 1986 and in 1987 she staged her Arangetram. Rajarani has toured as a performer in the UK, Europe, Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.

Nina Rajarani was awarded an MBE in the Queen’s 2009 Birthday Honours, in recognition of her services to South Asian Dance. The award was announced on 13 June 2009.

After a three-year hiatus from performance, Rajarani returned to the stage in March 2010 in the touring company showcase These Are A few Of My Favourite Things.

Arangetram (dance)
Arangetram in Tamil  (araṅkēṟṟam, அரங்கேற்றம்) and  Malayalam (araṅgēṟṟaṃ, അരങ്ങേറ്റം), known as "raṃgapravēśa" (ರಂಗಪ್ರವೇಶ) in Kannada and "raṃgapravēśaṃ" (రంగప్రవేశం) in Telugu is the debut on-stage performance of a former student of Indian classical dance and music that follows years of training in classical music and dancing. Many Indian classical dance forms require their followers to perform an arangetram. Once a student has done so, they are thereafter allowed to perform dances on their own and to teach aspiring dancers.
Hofmann voltameter
A Hofmann voltameter is an apparatus for electrolysing water, invented by August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892) in 1866. It consists of three joined upright cylinders, usually glass. The inner cylinder is open at the top to allow addition of water which contains a low concentration of a compound such as  sulfuric acid to improve conductivity and complete the circuit. A platinum electrode is placed inside the bottom of each of the two side cylinders, connected to the positive and negative terminals of a source of electricity. When current is run through Hofmann's voltameter, gaseous oxygen forms at the anode and gaseous hydrogen at the cathode. Each gas displaces water and collects at the top of the two outer tubes.

The tubes which collect the product gases are usually graduated, so that the volume of gas can be measured.

Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead–acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. Conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons, which are the carriers of current in most electrical systems, have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow: this means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit. For example, the end of a household battery marked with a + (plus) is the cathode.

The electrode through which conventional current flows the other way, into the device, is termed an anode.
A Place of One's Own (novel)
A Place of One's Own is a mystery novel written by the British author Osbert Sitwell that was published in 1940. Belonging to the ghost story genre, the novel was an extension of a short story that Sitwell had previously written. The plot follows the lives of an elderly couple at the turn of the twentieth century who move into a new house, only to discover that it appears to be haunted.

Ghost story
A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them. The "ghost" may appear of its own accord or be summoned by magic. Linked to the ghost is the idea of a "haunting", where a supernatural entity is tied to a place, object or person. Ghost stories are commonly examples of ghostlore.

Colloquially, the term "ghost story" can refer to any kind of scary story. In a narrower sense, the ghost story has been developed as a short story format, within genre fiction. It is a form of supernatural fiction and specifically of weird fiction, and is often a horror story.

While ghost stories are often explicitly meant to scare, they have been written to serve all sorts of purposes, from comedy to morality tales. Ghosts often appear in the narrative as sentinels or prophets of things to come.
49th Troop Carrier Squadron
The 49th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  Its last assignment was with the 313th Troop Carrier Group at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts, where it was inactivated on 22 September 1945.

The squadron was first activated as the 49th Transport Squadron in June 1942.    As the 49th Troop Carrier Squadron, it flew Douglas C-47 Skytrains in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations during World War II, earning Distinguished Unit Citations for carrying reinforcements to Sicily despite fire from ground and naval forces in July 1943, and for participation in Operation Overlord in June 1944.  It converted to Curtiss C-46 Commandos, with which it took part in Operation Varsity.  After V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated.

Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army
The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), originally called the North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), was a military formation of the United States Army that supervised all U.S. Army forces which fought in North Africa and Italy during World War II.

United States Army operations in the theater began with Operation Torch, when Allied forces landed on the beaches of northwest Africa on 8 November 1942, and concluded in the Italian Alps some 31 months later, with the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945. For administrative purposes, U.S. components were responsible to Headquarters North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), which was created 14 February 1943. NATOUSA was redesignated Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), on 26 October 1944.
Wohnste
Wohnste (German pronunciation: [ˈvoːnstə]; Low German: Woonst) is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Wohnste belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Wohnste, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.