hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gherardo Appiani
Gherardo Appiani (c. 1370 – May 1405) was the lord of Piombino from 1398 until his death. He was a member of the Appiani family.

He was born in Pisa, the son of Iacopo I Appiani. He was lord of that city from 1398 until 1399, obtaining the lordship of Piombino in 1398 in exchange for Pisa, sold to Gian Galeazzo Visconti for 200,000 florins. In 1396 he married Paola Colonna, daughter of Agapito Colonna, and sister of future Pope Martin V.

He died in 1405, succeeded in Piombino by his son Iacopo.

Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V (Latin: Martinus V; Italian: Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Oddone Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417. As of 2026, he remains the last pope to have taken the pontifical name "Martin".
High-performance equipment
High-performance equipment describes telecommunications equipment that

(a) has the performance characteristics required for use in trunks or links,

(b) is designed primarily for use in global and tactical systems, and

(c) sufficiently withstands electromagnetic interference when operating in a variety of network or point-to-point circuits.

Note:  Requirements for global and tactical high-performance equipment may differ.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
Stanhope Forbes
Stanhope Alexander Forbes RA (18 November 1857 – 2 March 1947) was an Irish artist and a founding member of the influential Newlyn school of painters. He was often called 'the father of the Newlyn School'.

City and Guilds of London Art School
Founded in 1854 as the Lambeth School of Art, the City and Guilds of London Art School is a small specialist art college located in central London, England. Originally founded as a government art school, it is now an independent, not-for-profit charity, and is one of the country's longest established art schools. It offers courses ranging from art and design Foundation, through to BA (Hons) undergraduate degrees and MA postgraduate courses in fine art, carving, conservation, and art histories. In addition, it offers the only undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Britain in stone and wood carving: architectural stone and woodcarving and gilding.

The Art School is housed in a row of Georgian buildings in London's Kennington district, as well as in an adjoining converted warehouse building close to the south bank of the river Thames.
1998 Mongolian Premier League
The 1998 Mongolian National Championship was the thirty-first recorded edition of top flight football in Mongolia and the third season of the Mongolian Premier League, which took over as the highest level of competition in the country from the previous Mongolian National Championship. Erchim were champions, their second title, Delger, (Mongolian: Дэлгэр, Wide) from Delger in the sum (district) of Govi-Altai Province in western Mongolia were  runners up, with Dinozavr in third place.

Districts of Mongolia
A district or sum (/sʊm/; Mongolian: сум ᠰᠤᠮᠤ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums.

On average, each district administers a territory of 4,200 km2 (1,600 sq mi) with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies.

Each district is again subdivided into bags (brigades; sometimes spelled baghs). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement.

Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (sum centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being unknown even to the locals.
Hell (1994 film)
Hell (French: L'Enfer), titled Torment in the USA, is a 1994 French drama film directed by Claude Chabrol. It was adapted by Chabrol from the screenplay by Henri-Georges Clouzot for the unfinished film L'Enfer, which Clouzot began shooting in 1964 but was unable to complete. The producer of Chabrol's film was Marin Karmitz and the leading actors were Emmanuelle Béart and François Cluzet.

Marin Karmitz
Marin Karmitz (born 7 October 1938) is a Romanian-French businessman whose career has spanned the French film industry, including director, producer, film distributor, and operator of a chain of cinemas.

He comes from a Jewish-Romanian family and emigrated to France in 1948.
Karmitz attended film school at IDHEC (renamed La Fémis) and worked as a director of photography after graduating.

Karmitz founded MK2, a production company and movie theater chain, which has specialized in creating, distributing, and screening independent or "auteurist" cinema, including short films.

In 2005, he turned over leadership of the MK2 company and its theaters to his sons Nathanaël (chairman/CEO) and Elisha (general manager).
Kubdari
Kubdari or kubed (Georgian: კუბდარი, Svan: კუბედ) is a Georgian filled bread dish which is particularly a national dish of the Svans. The bread is leavened and allowed to rise. The filling contains chunks of meat, which can be lamb, kid or pork, Georgian spices and onions.  Kubdari was inscribed on the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Georgia list in 2015.

Svans
The Svans (Svan: შუ̂ანა̈რ, romanized: shwanær; Georgian: სვანები, romanized: svanebi) are an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians indigenous to Svaneti, a region in northwest Georgia. They speak the Svan language and are mostly bilingual also in Georgian. Both these languages belong to the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language family. In the pre-1930 Soviet census, the Svans were categorized as a separate ethnic group (natsionalnost). The self-designation of the Svan is Mushüan, which is probably reflected in the ethnonym Misimian of the Classical authors.
Tivoli Variety Theatre
The Tivoli Variety Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, started life as the Conciliation Hall in 1834. Located on Burgh Quay, Dublin 2; It was built as a meeting place for Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association.

In 1897, it was rebuilt as a concert hall called the Grand Lyric Hall and changed its name to the Lyric Theatre of Varieties the following year. It became known as the Tivoli in 1901. It was a modest-sized music hall with seating for 1252 patrons.

The Tivoli closed in 1928 but for a short time continued to show cine-variety on Sunday nights. It finally closed in 1930, and the building became the home of the Irish Press newspaper group.

A replacement Tivoli Theatre opened elsewhere in the city in 1934 and closed in 2019.

Cine-variety
Cine-variety is a form of entertainment with a mix of variety acts performing in between the showing of films all for the price of one admission fee. It was popular in the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1900 and the 1930s. Cine-variety was used to keep stage comedians in work during the early days of silent films and talking films.
Desire (U2 song)
"Desire" is a song by Irish rock band U2 and the third track on their 1988 album Rattle and Hum. It was released as the album's lead single on 19 September 1988 by Island Records, and became the band's first number-one single in Australia and on the United Kingdom Singles Chart. It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, and topped both the Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock Tracks charts, making it the first song to reach number one on both charts simultaneously. It reached number two on the Dutch Top 40. The accompanying music video was directed by Richard Lowenstein and Lynn-Maree Milburn. At the 31st Annual Grammy Awards, "Desire" won the 1989 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

31st Annual Grammy Awards
The 31st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 22, 1989, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. This was also the first Grammy Awards Ceremony with a separate rap section.

Album of the Year went to George Michael for Faith, and Song of the Year went to Bobby McFerrin for "Don't Worry, Be Happy".
Tetraacetylethane
Tetraacetylethane is the organic compound with the nominal formula [CH(C(O)CH3)2]2. It is a white solid that has attracted interest as a precursor to heterocycles and metal complexes. It is prepared by oxidation of sodium acetylacetonate:

I2 + 2 NaCH(C(O)CH3)2 → [CH(C(O)CH3)2]2 + 2 NaI

Reminiscent of the case of acetylacetone, tetraacetylethane exists as the enol, as established by X-ray crystallography. The two C3O2H rings are twisted with a dihedral angle near 90°.

Many metal complexes have been prepared from the conjugate base of this ligand. One example is diruthenium(III) derivative [Ru(acac)2]2[C(C(O)CH3)2]2, which is closely related to ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Diospyros oocarpa
Diospyros oocarpa, is a tree in the family Ebenaceae, native to Central and North Malanad of Central Sahyadri of Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Sometimes, it is classified as a synonym of Diospyros marmorata.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
Philip de Kyme, 1st Baron Kyme
Philip de Kyme, 1st Baron Kyme (died 1323), Lord of Kyme, was an English noble. He served in the wars in Wales, Gascony and Scotland and was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

Barons' Letter of 1301
The Barons' Letter of 1301 was written by 103 English, Scottish, Norman and Welsh, earls and barons loyal to King Edward I. The letter was addressed to Pope Boniface VIII as a repudiation of his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland (expressed in the Bull Scimus Fili), and as a defence of the rights of King Edward I of England as overlord of Scotland. The letter survives in two copies, known as A and B, both held in the National Archives at Kew under the reference E 26. Historically they were held amongst the documents in the Exchequer, Treasury of the Receipt department.
Novoland: Eagle Flag
Novoland: Eagle Flag  (Chinese: 九州·缥缈录; pinyin: Jiǔzhōu · Piǎomiǎo Lù) is a 2019 Chinese television series based on the novel of the same name by Jiang Nan, set in the fictional universe of Novoland. It airs on Zhejiang TV and online platforms Tencent and Youku from July 16, 2019.

Tencent Video
Tencent Video (Chinese: 腾讯视频; pinyin: Téngxùn Shìpín, also called WeTV outside of China) is a Chinese video streaming website owned by Tencent, launched in April 2011. As of October 2022, Tencent Video has 120 million paid subscribers, making it the 4th largest streaming service in the world, after Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+. Tencent Video also operates an international version, WeTV, which was launched in 2018.

Tencent Video supports online video on demand, television broadcasts, and in July 2017 began featuring video content on TCL Corporation, China's biggest television maker.
2015 Citi Open – Women's singles
Svetlana Kuznetsova was the defending champion, but withdrew from her second round match due to a lower left leg injury.

Sloane Stephens won her first WTA title, defeating Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final, 6–1, 6–2.

Julia Glushko
Julia Glushko (or Yulia, Hebrew: יוליה גלושקו; born January 1 1990) is an Israeli former tennis player.

She won 11 singles and 14 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Her best results at a Grand Slam tournament were reaching the third round of the US Open in 2013, and the French Open in 2014 in singles. In September 2015, she reached the final of the WTA Challenger event in Dalian, where she was defeated by Zheng Saisai.

On 23 June 2014, Glushko reached her best singles ranking of world No. 79. On 4 November 2013, she peaked at No. 109 in the doubles rankings. She won the 2011 Israeli National Women's Singles Championship. Playing for Israel in the Fed Cup, she had a win–loss record of 29–29.
Rupert Moser
Rupert Moser (born 2 June 1944 in Horn, Thurgau canton, Switzerland) is professor emeritus for social anthropology and African studies at the University of Bern.  He conducted research on the paternal Ngoni (WaNgnoni) and the matrilineal Mwera in southern Tanzania. He did further work on the genesis of Swahili, migration and religious movements.

Ngoni people
The Ngoni people are a hybrid ethnic group of mixed Zulu with indigenous Tumbuka and Chewa people living in the present-day Mzimba and Ntcheu Districts in Malawi, and Chipata in Eastern Zambia. The Ngoni trace their origins to the Nguni and Zulu people of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.  The Ngonis during their journey from South Africa were all males as they did not bring their wives along with them. The displacement of the Nguni people in the great scattering following the Zulu wars had repercussions in social reorganization as far north as Malawi and Zambia.
Crosse Passage
Crosse Passage (67°47′S 68°55′W﻿ / ﻿67.783°S 68.917°W﻿ / -67.783; -68.917) is a small passage leading southeast from Adelaide Anchorage between the Henkes Islands and the Skeen Rocks, off the south end of Adelaide Island. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Lieutenant Commander Anthony G. Crosse, Royal Navy, First Lieutenant of HMS Protector which was used by the Hydrographic Survey Unit in charting this area in 1961–63.

Adelaide Island
Adelaide Island is a large, mainly ice-covered island, 139 kilometres (75 nmi) long and 37 kilometres (20 nmi) wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island, rising to over 1,220 m. The island lies within the Argentine, British and Chilean Antarctic claims.
East St. Louis massacre
The East St. Louis massacre was a series of violent attacks by White Americans on African Americans in East St. Louis, Illinois, from late May to early July 1917. The riots displaced some 6,000 African Americans and led to the destruction of property worth about $400,000 ($9.82 million in 2024). The particularly violent July 1917 episode was one of the worst racial riots in U.S. history; author Robert Fitch called it the "worst case of labor-related violence in 20th-century American history".

The massacre drew national attention. At the end of July, some 10,000 black citizens marched in silent protest in New York City. Many black people left East St. Louis; when area public schools opened in the fall, black enrollment had dropped by 35%.

The Crisis
The Crisis is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, William Stanley Braithwaite, and Mary Dunlop Maclean. The Crisis has been in continuous print since 1910, and it is the oldest Black-oriented magazine in the world. Today, The Crisis is "a quarterly journal of civil rights, history, politics and culture and seeks to educate and challenge its readers about issues that continue to plague African Americans and other communities of color."
Antonio Scull
Antonio Scull Hernández (born September 10, 1965 in Havana) is a first baseman with Industriales of the Cuban National Series and a longtime member of the Cuban national baseball team. Representing Cuba, Scull won gold medals at the 1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in 2000.

During the 2005–06 Cuban National Series, at age 40, Scull hit .299 for Industriales, playing in 67 of the team's 90 games.

2005–06 Cuban National Series
The 45th season of the Cuban National Series ended with another title for Industriales. Though the  Lions failed to win their division, they won close-fought series throughout the playoffs and won their 11th championship.
Hiệp Hòa district
Hiệp Hòa is one of nine rural districts of Bắc Giang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 247,460. The district covers an area of 201 km2. The district capital lies at Thắng.   This is the home country of Trạng nguyên Đoàn Xuân Lôi of the Trần dynasty, Tiến sĩ Trịnh Ngô Dụng of the Lê dynasty, and Đình nguyên Nguyễn Đình Tuân of the Nguyễn dynasty.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.
Sarda goat
The Sarda is an Italian breed of domestic goat indigenous to the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, off the west coast of central Italy. It is raised throughout the island, particularly in the provinces of Cagliari and Nuoro.: 394  It is an ancient breed that has been influenced by the Maltese goat.: 394

The Sarda is one of the eight autochthonous Italian goat breeds for which a genealogical herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. The herdbook was established in 1981. In 1998 the total population was 260000, of which 6577 were registered in the herdbook; at the end of 2013 the registered population was 11121.

Province of Nuoro
The province of Nuoro (Italian: provincia di Nuoro; Sardinian: provìntzia de Nùgoro) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is the town of Nuoro.

As of 2025, it has a population of 143,262 and an area of 3,990.47 square kilometres (1,540.73 mi2) across its 53 municipalities, the largest of which are Nuoro (33,054 inhabitants), Siniscola (11,146) and Macomer (9,069).
OKK Šabac
Omladinski košarkaški klub Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Омладински кошаркашки клуб Шабац), commonly referred to as OKK Šabac or simply Šabac, is a men's basketball club based in Šabac, Serbia. They are currently competing in the 4th-tier Second Regional League, West Division.

Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац, pronounced [ʃâbat͡s]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva District in western Serbia. The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region, Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has population of 51,163, while its administrative area comprises 105,432 inhabitants.
Det är över nu
"Det är över nu" is a song written by Per Gessle, and recorded by Gyllene Tider, released as a single on 8 May 1995. The single peaked at number eleven on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song also became a Trackslistan hit, landing at number 65 on its Melody year-end chart. The song also charted at Svensktoppen, reaching ninth position on both 15 and 22 July 1995.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Mary Jane Osborn
Mary Jane Osborn (September 24, 1927 – January 17, 2019) was an American biochemist and microbiologist known for her research on the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (bacterial endotoxin), a key component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and discovering the mechanism of action of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate. She headed the Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the University of Connecticut Health Center and served as president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Portage Lake Observatory
The Portage Lake Observatory (PLO) was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Michigan (UM). It was located near the village of Dexter, Michigan (USA), about 20 kilometers (12 miles) northwest of Ann Arbor.  Construction at the site began in 1948, and the facility was closed in 1975.

Other observatories that UM has operated include the Detroit Observatory (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1854), the Angell Hall Observatory (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1927), the Lamont–Hussey Observatory (South Africa, 1928), the McMath–Hulbert Observatory (Lake Angelus, Michigan, 1930), and the Peach Mountain Observatory (Dexter, Michigan, 1955).

Lake Angelus, Michigan
Lake Angelus is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An affluent northern suburb of Detroit, Lake Angelus is located about 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown Detroit. With a population of 287 as of the 2020 census, Lake Angelus is the second-smallest city in Michigan, behind Omer; it also has one of the highest per capita incomes of any community in the state.