hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Off the Reservation
"Off the Reservation" is the twenty-first episode of the American television drama series The Killing, and the eighth of its second season, and aired on May 13, 2012. The episode is written by Nathaniel Halpern and directed by showrunner Veena Sud. In the episode, Sarah Linden (Mireille Enos) frantically searches for a missing Stephen Holder (Joel Kinnaman), Stan Larsen (Brent Sexton) meets with several people regarding his reward to find his daughter's killer. and Darren Richmond (Billy Campbell) returns to work.

Joel Kinnaman
Charles Joel Nordström Kinnaman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjǔːɛl ˈkɪ̂nːaˌman]; born 25 November 1979) is a Swedish-American actor. He first gained recognition for his roles in the 2010 Swedish film Easy Money and the Johan Falk crime series. Kinnaman is known internationally for his television roles as Detective Stephen Holder in AMC's The Killing, Takeshi Kovacs in the first season of Altered Carbon, and Governor Will Conway in the American version of House of Cards. He has also played Alex Murphy in the 2014 RoboCop remake, and Rick Flag in the DC Comics superhero films Suicide Squad (2016) and The Suicide Squad (2021). Since 2019, he has starred as NASA astronaut Ed Baldwin in the Apple TV+ science fiction drama series For All Mankind.
Guy Hirsch
Guy Hirsch (20 September 1915 – 4 August 1993) was a Belgian mathematician and philosopher of mathematics, who worked on algebraic topology and epistemology of mathematics.

He became a member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts in 1973.

He is known for the Leray–Hirsch theorem, a basic result on the algebraic topology of fiber bundles that he proved independently of Jean Leray in the late 1940s.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Folkest
Folkest is a festival devoted to music of all ethnicities and cultures of the world, held in the municipalities of Friuli-Venezia Giulia and in some of Veneto, Carinthia, Slovenia and Istria, in July of each year.

The purpose of the organizers is to promote folk music worldwide, through the publication of the magazine traditions, dance and music Folk Bulletin, books and CDs.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Kamenov Spur
Kamenov Spur (Bulgarian: Каменов връх, romanized: Kamenov vrah, IPA: [ˈkamɛnov ˈvrɤx]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 818 m in Poibrene Heights on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  It is overlooking Evans Glacier to the north.

The feature is named after Borislav Kamenov, geologist in the first Bulgarian Antarctic campaign in 1987–1988.

Evans Glacier (Graham Land)
Evans Glacier (65°5′S 61°40′W﻿ / ﻿65.083°S 61.667°W﻿ / -65.083; -61.667) is a gently-sloping glacier 15 nautical miles (28 km) long and 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide, draining the southeast slopes of Travnik Buttress eastwards between Rugate Ridge and Poibrene Heights to flow into Vaughan Inlet on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by Sir Hubert Wilkins in an aerial flight, December 20, 1928, and named "Evans Inlet" by him for E.S. Evans of Detroit. A further survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1955 reported that this low-lying area is not an inlet, but is formed by the lower reaches of Hektoria Glacier and the feature now described.
Bohlke
Bohlke, Böhlke or Boehlke is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Boehlke, contestant on Survivor: Redemption Island

Bain Boehlke, American actor

Ardyce Bohlke (1943–2013), American educator and politician

Erich Böhlke (1895–1979), German conductor and composer

Eugenia Brandt Böhlke (1928–2001), American ichthyologist

Hellmuth Böhlke, (1893–1956), Nazi Germany general

James Erwin Böhlke (1930–1982), American ichthyologist

Sanders Bohlke (born 1984), American songwriter and recording artist

Survivor: Redemption Island
Survivor: Redemption Island is the twenty-second season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. It premiered on February 16, 2011. Applications were due in January 2010, and filming lasted from August to September 2010. The season was filmed near San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, the same location as the previous season. The season featured returning players Russell Hantz and Rob Mariano, alongside 16 new contestants.

Mariano was named the winner in the final episode on May 15, 2011, defeating Phillip Sheppard and Natalie Tenerelli in an 8–1–0 jury vote. In addition, Mariano won $100,000 as the "Sprint Player of the Season," receiving 40% of the fans' votes; Matt Elrod, with 36%, received the next-highest total.
The Only Girl (film)
The Only Girl is a 1933 British-German musical film directed by Friedrich Hollaender and starring Lilian Harvey, Charles Boyer, and Mady Christians. It is the English-language version of The Empress and I which also starred Harvey and Christians. It was the last in a series of MLV co-productions between UFA and Gainsborough Pictures. It was released in the United States in 1934 by Fox Film.

Gainsborough Pictures
Gainsborough Pictures was a British film studio based on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton, London. Gainsborough Studios was active between 1924 and 1951. The company was initially based at Islington Studios, which were built as a power station for the Great Northern & City Railway and later converted to studios.

Other films were made at Lime Grove and Pinewood Studios. The former Islington studio was converted to flats in 2004 and a London Borough of Hackney historical plaque is attached to the building. The studio is best remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas it produced in the 1940s.

Gainsborough Pictures is now owned by Gregory Motton.
2021 Emilia-Romagna Open – Men's singles
This was the third edition of the tournament, primarily created due to the one-week delay of the 2021 French Open.

Sebastian Korda won his first ATP Tour singles title, defeating Marco Cecchinato in the final, 6–2, 6–4 without dropping a set. By winning the tournament, Korda became the first American male tennis player to win on European clay since Sam Querrey in 2010.

Mikael Ymer
Mikael Ymer (born 9 September 1998) is a Swedish professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 50, achieved on 17 April 2023. In the ATP doubles ranking his career high is No. 187, achieved in October 2017. He is the current No. 5 Swedish singles player. Ymer was the No. 1 Swedish player until 2023.
Australia Davis Cup team
The Australia Davis Cup team is the second most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 28 separate occasions, second behind the United States with 32.

Australia also participated in winning the Davis Cup six times with New Zealand under the alias Australasia (1905–1922).

1908 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1908 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the eighth edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. For the first time, ties were held in different countries and at different times, rather than all the matches being played in the same venue, as before. It also marked the first time that a tie was played in Australia.

After Australasia's victory in 1907, the United States and the British Isles tried to re-claim the cup, however the Australasia team prevailed again. The final was played at the Albert Ground in Melbourne, Australia on 27–30 November.
Chiappeavis
Chiappeavis is a genus of enantiornithean bird from Early Cretaceous of northeastern China. The only species is Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo. Chiappeavis is classified within the family Pengornithidae. It is known from a single, almost complete skeleton including feather impressions discovered in the Jiufotang Formation of the Jehol Group. Long feathers formed a fan-shaped tail that was probably employed in flight.

The genus name honors Luis Chiappe for his extensive research on Mesozoic birds. The specific name magnapremaxillo ("large premaxilla") alludes to the unusually large size of the premaxillary bone, the frontmost bone of the upper jaw.

The only specimen (holotype, STM29-11), of a subadult individual, was discovered on a single slab in Jianchang County, Liaoning. Is housed in the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature in Pingyi County, Shandong.

Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammals has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or os premaxillare, intermaxillary bone or os intermaxillare, and Goethe's bone.
Dammaradiene synthase
Dammaradiene synthase (EC 5.4.99.37) is an enzyme with systematic name squalene mutase (cyclizing, dammara-20,24-diene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: squalene  dammara-20,24-diene

Squalene
Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula C30H50. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection.

Most plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hopanoids in many bacteria.

Squalene is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvants: The Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline adjuvants are called MF59 and AS03, respectively.
Lawrence A. Boland
Lawrence Arthur Boland is a professor of economics at Simon Fraser University.

Boland is critical of the neoclassical research program. He has attempted to draw out the unstated assumptions of neoclassical economics and submit them to methodological scrutiny. His key criticisms of traditional economics center on the problem of induction, methodological individualism, and the acquisition of knowledge.

Methodological individualism
In the social sciences, methodological individualism is a method for explaining social phenomena strictly in terms of the decisions of individuals, each being moved by their own personal motivations. In contrast, explanations of social phenomena which assume that cause and effect acts upon whole classes or groups are deemed illusory, and thus rejected according to this approach. Or to put it another way, only group dynamics which can be explained in terms of individual subjective motivations are considered valid. With its bottom-up micro-level approach, methodological individualism is often contrasted with methodological holism, a top-down macro-level approach, and methodological pluralism.
J. Sam Marty
John Samuel "Sam" Marty (born November 8, 1947) is an American politician in the South Dakota Senate. He served as a Republican member for the 28th district in the South Dakota House of Representatives starting in 2015. He left office on January 10, 2023. He was unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Jayanti (Hinduism)
Jayanti (Sanskrit: जयन्ती, lit. 'Victory', IAST: Jayantī) is a character in Hindu mythology. She is the daughter of Indra, the king of the devas and the ruler of Svarga, and his consort, Shachi.

Jayanti is described as the wife of Shukra, the god of the planet Venus and the guru of the asuras. Their union results in the birth of a daughter, Devayani. Jayanti is also described as the sister of Jayanta. She is sometimes identified with Urjjasvati, Shukra's another wife.

Svarga
Svarga (Sanskrit: स्वर्गः, lit. 'abode of light', IAST: Svargaḥ), also known as Swarga, Indraloka and Svargaloka, is the celestial abode of the devas in Hinduism. Svarga is one of the seven higher lokas (esoteric planes) in Hindu cosmology. Svarga is often translated as heaven, though it is regarded to be dissimilar to the concept of the Abrahamic Heaven.
Interleukin-3 receptor
The interleukin-3 receptor (CD123) is a molecule found on cells which helps transmit the signal of interleukin-3, a soluble cytokine important in the immune system.

The gene coding for the receptor is located in the pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes.

The receptor belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and is a heterodimer with a unique alpha chain paired with the common beta (beta c or CD131) subunit.

The gene for the alpha subunit is 40 kilobases long and has 12 exons.

Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells. In terms of physiology, CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands important to the cell. A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the behavior of the cell (see cell signaling). Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other functions, such as cell adhesion. CD for humans is numbered up to 371 (as of 21 April 2016).
Commodity risk
Commodity risk refers to the uncertainties of future market values and of the size of the future income, caused by the fluctuation in the prices of commodities. These commodities may be grains, metals, gas, electricity etc. A commodity enterprise needs to deal with the following kinds of risks:

Price risk is arising out of adverse movements in the world prices, exchange rates, basis between local and world prices. The related price area risk usually has a rather minor impact.

Quantity or volume risk

Cost risk (Input price risk)

Political risk

Market value
Market value or OMV (open market valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Market value is often used interchangeably with open market value, fair value or fair market value, although these terms have distinct definitions in different standards, and differ in some circumstances.
Susan Grant Lewin
Susan Grant Lewin is an American collector, journalist, communications executive, and advocate for contemporary design. She is best known for her influential collection of contemporary art jewelry and her collection of architectural drawings. Works from her collections have been exhibited internationally and donated to institutions including the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, the Yale University Art Gallery, the SCAD Museum of Art, and the Lowe Art Museum.

Lowe Art Museum
The Lowe Art Museum is the art museum of the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. The museum is located on the campus of the University of Miami and is accessible by Miami Metrorail at University Station.

Lowe Art Museum's  comprehensive collection comprises more than 19,250 objects, which collectively represent more than 5,000 years of human creativity on every inhabited continent. The collection is divided into 14 thematic rooms with each room dedicated to a theme or artistic current in the collection. In addition to its 14 rooms, the museum includes the Palley Pavilion, which is dedicated to the museum's glass collection, and an outdoor garden, which includes contemporary art sculptures.
Yaremchuk
Yaremchuk, also spelled Iaremchuk, is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Iaremchuk (born 1995), Russian Paralympian

Gary Yaremchuk (born 1961), Canadian ice hockey player

Ivan Yaremchuk (born 1962), Soviet and Ukrainian footballer

Ken Yaremchuk (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey player

Mariya Yaremchuk (born 1993), Ukrainian singer

Michael J. Yaremchuk, American medical doctor

Nazariy Yaremchuk (1951–1995), Ukrainian singer

Roman Yaremchuk (born 1995), Ukrainian footballer

Sofiia Yaremchuk (born 1994), Ukrainian long-distance runner

Viktor Iaremchuk (born 1991), Ukrainian gymnast

Gary Yaremchuk
Gary Yaremchuk (born August 15, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played 34 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Toronto Maple Leafs between 1981 and 1985, though mostly played in the American Hockey League at that time. He moved to Europe in 1986 and played in different countries there until he retired in 1994. His brother, Ken Yaremchuk, also played in the NHL.
Sheila Whiteley
Sheila Whiteley (née Astrup; 2 February 1941 – 6 June 2015) was an English musicologist known for studying popular music, such as progressive rock music and Britpop. In 1999, she was named professor and chair of popular music at the University of Salford, the first such position in Great Britain. From 1999 to 2001, she was the general secretary of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music. She held visiting professorships at the University of Aarhus in 2008, and at the University of Brighton from 2007 to 2009.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
UB-311
UB-311 is a vaccine targeting β-amyloid and hence anti-amyloid agent which is under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is under development by Vaxxinity. Meningoencephalitis has been described as a possible side effect of the drug. As of February 2024, the drug is in phase 2 clinical trials. In May 2022, UB-311 received fast-track designation for Alzheimer's disease from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Nueva Figuración
Nueva Figuración (translated New Figuration or Neofiguration) was an artistic movement in Spain and Latin America, specifically Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela, that embraced a new form of figurative art in response to both abstraction and traditional forms of representation. Artists advocated a return to the human figure and everyday reality. They also rejected the aestheticized forms of traditional art, employing informal techniques, expressionism, and collage.

Otra Figuración
Otra Figuración was an art movement in Argentina founded by Jorge de la Vega, Ernesto Deira, Rómulo Macció, and Luis Felipe Noé in 1961. They advocated a return to figurative art when abstract and often geometric styles were prominent, and they worked in an expressive style with bold colors and sometimes mixed media. They not only shared these ideas, but they also shared a studio in Buenos Aires and exhibited together, gaining widespread recognition with an exhibition at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1963. They ultimately disbanded in 1964.
Gulf of Georgia Cannery
The Gulf of Georgia Cannery is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Steveston village in Richmond, British Columbia.

Built in 1894, the cannery echoes the days when it was the leading producer of canned salmon in British Columbia. Today it is a museum with interactive exhibits, film, and tours that demonstrate the Cannery's important role in the history of Canada's West Coast fishing industry. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery Society, a non-profit community organization, operates the site on behalf of Parks Canada.

Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
Ernest James Hayford
Ernest James Hayford, MD, MRCP(Eng), LRCP, BL (23 April 1858, Anomabu – 6 August 1913, London) was a physician and lawyer in the Gold Coast. He was the second African in the Gold Coast to become an orthodox medical doctor after Benjamin Quartey-Papafio.

Anomabu
Anomabu, also spelled Anomabo and formerly as Annamaboe, is a town on the coast of the Mfantsiman Municipal District of the Central Region of South Ghana. Anomabu has a settlement population of 14,389 people.

Anomabu is located 12 km east of Cape Coast in the central region of south Ghana. It is situated on the main road to Accra. The total area of Anomabu is 612 square kilometers, with boundaries of 21 kilometres along the coast, and 13 kilometres inland. The main language spoken in Anomabu is Fante.

According to oral tradition, the origin of the name “Anomabu” was first established when a hunter from the Nsona clan first discovered the area and decided to settle there with his family, eventually starting his own village as time passed. The hunter allegedly saw some birds atop a rock, and proclaimed the area “Obo noma,” which became the town's original name. Obanoma literally translates to “bird’s rock,” a name that slowly evolved into Anomabu over the years.