hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PlusLiga
The PlusLiga is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition featuring volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Polska Liga Siatkówki SA (PLS SA). It is currently a 14 teams league from October to April/May. The regular season is followed by playoffs, with the winner earning the Polish Championship (Polish: Mistrzostwo Polski). It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe, being highly ranked in the international competitions.

The league in its current form was founded in 2000 and was originally known as Polska Liga Siatkówki (Polish Volleyball League). Since 2008 it is named PlusLiga after a mobile phone network brand, Plus.

Plus (Polish telecommunications)
Plus (formerly Plus GSM) is the brand name of Poland's mobile phone network operator, Polkomtel Sp. z o.o. The company is entirely owned by Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. and is part of Grupa Polsat Plus. It operates GSM (900/1800 MHz), UMTS, LTE, 5G NR (2600 MHz TDD) and WLAN networks in Poland. It was founded in 1995.

From 1998 until 2002, Polkomtel used the Italian animated short cartoon La Linea to promote its Simplus prepaid service. From 13 May 2011, all of Polkomtel prepaid services are now called Plus na Kartę.

At the end of September 2021, Plus had 13.045 million active SIM cards, including 2.486 million (19%) using the prepaid system.

In July 2011, Zygmunt Solorz-Żak agreed to buy Polkomtel SA for 15.1 billion PLN ($5.5 billion).
Grutas de García
Grutas de García (Garcia Caves) is a cave complex located 9 km outside García, Nuevo León in northern Mexico about 30 km from Monterrey. The caves are inside Sierra del Fraile mountain and protected area. The easiest way to reach the entrance to the caves is by taking a five-minute ride on the aerial tramway, but there is a steep path that can be taken to reach the caves.

García, Nuevo León
García is a city and municipality located to the northwest of the Monterrey metropolitan area in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The municipality had, according to the 2005 census, a population of 145,867.  It borders the municipalities of Mina, Escobedo and Hidalgo to the north; to the south and east with Santa Catarina; and to the west with the state of Coahuila.
Lytham Lifeboat Station
Lytham Lifeboat Station is a former lifeboat station (by virtue of its merger), located in the Fylde coast town of Lytham, Lancashire.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Lytham by the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society (SFMRBS) in 1851. Management of the station was passed to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 7 December 1854.

In 1931, the Lytham station merged with the St Annes RNLI branch, becoming Lytham St Annes Lifeboat Station, which continues to this day.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
WACR-FM
WACR-FM (105.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Columbus Air Force Base, United States. The station is currently owned by URBan Radio Broadcasting, through licensee GTR Licenses, LLC, and broadcasts an Urban Adult Contemporary format.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Nazar Mohammad Mutmaeen
Nazar Mohammad Mutmaeen (Pashto: نظرمحمد مطمین) (born 1973) is an Afghan writer, journalist and political analyst. He previously served as acting head of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the Taliban government.  The International Olympic Committee has not recognized Muatmeen and considers his predecessor Hafizullah Wali Rahimi to be the legitimate president in exile of the Afghan Olympic Committee.

Mutmaeen was born in 1973 in Nad Ali District of Helmand province, Afghanistan. He studied at Nangarhar University and graduated with a degree in civil engineering from Kabul University.

Hafizullah Wali Rahimi
Hafizullah Wali Rahimi has been serving as president of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (formerly Afghanistan National Olympic Committee) since April 2018. In September 2021, Rahimi left Afghanistan after the Taliban's return to power. He is still recognized as the Committee's president in exile. He is of Tajik ethnicity. Rahimi is also a member of the Peace Through Sport Committee.
Gippsland Plains Rail Trail
The Gippsland Plains Rail Trail is a 67 km recreational trail following the former historic Gippsland Plains railway line/ Maffra railway line route between Traralgon and Stratford in Central Gippsland, Victoria. The trail passes through dairy country, the foothills of the Great Dividing Range to the north, and across the Great Gippsland Plains.

The rail line was built in 1883, and was a busy route until the 1950s as an alternative route to East Gippsland. The train line carried sugar beet from Maffra, and timber from Heyfield.

Towns on the route are: Traralgon, Glengarry, Toongabbie, Cowwarr, Heyfield, Maffra and Stratford.

Maffra railway line
The Maffra railway line is a closed railway line in Victoria, Australia. The line provided an alternative route to East Gippsland than the current route to Sale. The line was closed in stages from Traralgon to Cowwarr in 1986, and from Cowwarr to Maffra in 1994. In its latter years, the main purpose of the line was to serve dairy industries at Maffra.

The last passenger service from Traralgon to Maffra was run by a 153hp Walker railmotor on 7 July 1977. A replacement bus service started two days later. The last freight service on the line ran on 8 September 1994. It was an up goods to Sale, with locomotive N472 hauling a single container wagon and rail tractor RT49.
Oxymorphazone
Oxymorphazone is an opioid analgesic drug related to oxymorphone. Oxymorphazone is a potent and long acting μ-opioid agonist which binds irreversibly to the receptor, forming a covalent bond which prevents it from detaching once bound. This gives it an unusual pharmacological profile, and while oxymorphazone is only around half the potency of oxymorphone, with higher doses the analgesic effect becomes extremely long lasting, with a duration of up to 48 hours when administered intraventricularly. However, tolerance to analgesia develops rapidly with repeated doses, as chronically activated opioid receptors are rapidly internalised by β-arrestins, similar to the results of non-covalent binding by repeated doses of agonists with extremely high binding affinity such as lofentanil.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly mediated by receptors on the surface of the cell. Only the receptor-specific substances can enter the cell through this process.
Speyside Cooperage
The Speyside Cooperage is a cooperage located in Craigellachie, Aberlour, Scotland. Its visitor centre, the only such in Britain, is part of the Malt Whisky Trail, started in the early 1980s.

Each year, it produces and repairs nearly 150,000 oak casks used by the surrounding Speyside Whisky distilleries, as well as distilleries elsewhere throughout Scotland.

Owned by the Taylor family since its founding in 1947, the cooperage was sold in 2008 to the French firm Tonnellerie François Frères.

According to a 2012 BBC article, visitors to the cooperage can view the making of a cask from start to completion, employing "traditional methods and tools for creating exceptional casks from American oak, many of which are sent around the world".

Cooper (profession)
A cooper is a craftsman who produces wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs, and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable.

Journeymen coopers also traditionally made wooden implements, such as rakes and wooden-bladed shovels. In addition to wood, other materials, such as iron, were used in the manufacturing process. The trade is the origin of the surname Cooper.
Cartonema philydroides
Cartonema philydroides is a herb in the Commelinaceae family.

The perennial caespitose herb typically grows to a height of 0.1 to 0.5 metres (0.3 to 1.6 ft). It blooms between October and December producing yellow flowers.

It is found among sand dunes and in winter-wet areas along the west coast in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, Peel and South West regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils.

Peel (Western Australia)
The Peel region is one of the nine regional regions of Western Australia, as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993. It is located on the west coast of Western Australia, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It consists of the City of Mandurah, and the Shires of Boddington, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale and Waroona.

The total area of the region is 6,648 square kilometres (2,567 sq mi). In 2017, Peel had a population of 136,854, of which over sixty percent lived in Mandurah. In June 2019 the total population for the constituent Local Government Areas (LGAs) was 142,960, within an area of 5,516.3 square kilometres (2,129.9 sq mi).
Mount Persis
Mount Persis is a 5,464-foot (1,665-metre) summit located in Snohomish County, of Washington state. The mountain is part of the Cascade Range and is situated in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The mountain was named for Persis Gunn (1846–1898), wife of homesteader/miner Amos Gunn who started the nearby town of Index, Washington, and also named nearby Mount Index. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Skykomish River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 4,160 feet (1,270 meters) above Anderson Creek in 0.8 mile (1.3 km). The rocks of Mount Persis are volcanic in origin and are considered amongst some of the earliest expressions of volcanism in the Cascade Mountain range in Washington.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Deaths in May 2014
The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2014.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at the West Melbourne Stadium. A total number of 164 competitors entered from 35 nations, of whom 161 from 34 nations weighed-in and boxing was held eight nights and five afternoons. The boxing schedule began on 23 November and ended on 1 December. Ten boxing events (all men's individual) were contested.
DB Bahn
From December 2007 to the beginning of 2016, DB Bahn (German pronunciation: [deːbeː ˈbaːn], "DB Railway") was one of three brands of Deutsche Bahn alongside DB Schenker and DB Netze.

It included all DB mobility services and was dissolved in 2015 as part of a reorganisation of the DB Group brands.

Schenker AG
Schenker AG (trading as DB Schenker) is a German logistics company that serves local and global firms across various industries. Notably, it manages large and complex supply chains for multinationals such as Apple, Procter & Gamble, Dell, ASML, BMW.

Schenker comprises divisions for air, land, sea freight, and Contract Logistics. In 2025, a year after having revenues of €19 billion, it was reported that the firm had 71,000 employees in over 1,850 locations across 130 countries.

Before becoming a subsidiary of the logistics company DSV, it belonged to the rail operator Deutsche Bahn, which acquired it in 2002. In April 2025, DSV completed the purchase of Schenker for €14.3 billion.
Issam Jellali
Issam Jellali (Arabic: عصام جلالي;‎ born 22 March 1981) is a Tunisian tennis coach and a former player. Currently, he coaches Turkish tennis player Zeynep Sönmez. Jellali represented Tunisia in the Davis Cup three times in 1998, 2002 and 2003, with a record of four wins (all doubles) for six defeats.

He played around 50 professional tournaments from 1997 to 2009, notably participating in the qualifications for Dubai Tennis Championships in 2001 and the Tunis Challenger in 2002. In doubles, he won a Futures tournament in Bressuire with Malek Jaziri in 2004. Owner and director of a tennis academy in Dubai, he is the coach of Malek Jaziri and Damir Džumhur. In February 2020, he became full-time coach of his compatriot Ons Jabeur. In November 2025, it was announced that he and Jabeur would be joining the team of Sönmez in the 2026 season as her head coach and mentor, respectively.

2026 WTA Tour
The 2026 WTA Tour (branded as the 2026 WTA Tour Driven by Mercedes-Benz for sponsorship reasons) is the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2026 tennis season.The calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team event United Cup (combined event with ATP), and the team event Hopman Cup (organized by the ITF).
Ouyang Xiaofang
Ouyang Xiaofang (Chinese: 欧阳晓芳; born 5 April 1983) is a weightlifter from Liaoning, People's Republic of China.

Ouyang participated in the women's -63 kg class at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships and won the gold medal, snatching 110 kg and clean and jerking an additional 136 kg for a total of 246 kg.

At the 2006 Asian Games, she suffered a knee injury, but won the silver medal in the 63 kg category.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
Menzie
Menzie is a given name and a surname. Notable persons with the name include:

DeQuan Menzie (born 1990), American football player

Menzie Chinn (born 1961), American academic

Menzie Yere (born 1983), Papua New Guinean rugby league player

Menzie Yere
Emmanuel Menzie Yere (born 24 October 1983) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Sheffield Eagles whom he  played with in the 2000s and 2010s. He was a Papua New Guinea international. He is also Sheffield Eagles' all-time leading try scorer with 195 tries in 292 games.
China Northern Airlines
China Northern Airlines (simplified Chinese: 中国北方航空; traditional Chinese: 中國北方航空; pinyin: Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng) was an airline headquartered on the grounds of Shenyang Taoxian International Airport, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. Established on June 16, 1990, it was one of the six backbone airlines directly under the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

Besides Shenyang, it also had four other hubs at Changchun Dafangshen Airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, Harbin Taiping International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.

It was one of six major airline corporations that were formed as a result of the breakup of CAAC. It initially operated a fleet of Airbus A300-600R, MD-80, MD-90-30 and, later, Airbus A321-200 aircraft. It operated predominantly domestic destinations and also to North Korea, South Korea and Japan.

McDonnell Douglas
McDonnell Douglas Corporation was a major American aerospace manufacturing corporation and defense contractor. It was formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. Between then and its own merger with Boeing in 1997, it produced well-known commercial and military aircraft, such as the DC-10 and the MD-80 airliners, the F-15 Eagle air superiority fighter, and the F/A-18 Hornet multirole fighter.

The corporation's headquarters were at St. Louis Lambert International Airport, near St. Louis, Missouri.
Bjarke Christensen
Bjarke Christensen (born 26 January 1992) is a Danish handball player for Skjern and the Danish national team.

He made his debut on the Danish national team on 17 March 2022, against Norway at the 2021-22 Golden League Tournament in Aalborg.

On 20 June 2021, it was announced that Christensen had signed a 3-year contract with KIF Kolding beginning from the summer of 2022. From the summer of 2024 he has a contract with Skjern Håndbold. In the 2022-23 season he scored the second most goals in the Danish league with 201 goals. Only Emil Madsens 252 goals surpassed him. In the 2021-22 season he had the third most goals with 210.

Norway men's national handball team
The Norway men's national handball team represents Norway at international handball competitions, and is governed by the Norges Håndballforbund (NHF). The most successful era of men's Norwegian handball team was between 2015 and 2020, led by former coach Christian Berge and star player Sander Sagosen. In that period, they won two silver medals at the World Championship and played two semifinals of the European Championship winning one bronze medal.
David Blain
David Blain (August 12, 1832 – May 6, 1909) was a Scottish-born Canadian lawyer, teacher and political figure. He represented York West in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1878 as a Liberal member.

He was born near Ayr, the son of John Blain and Elizabeth McCutcheon, and came to Canada West with his parents in 1842. He was educated in Scotland and at the University of Toronto. Blain was called to the bar in 1860 and set up practice in Toronto, partnering for a time with Albert Prince. In 1867, he married Eliza Harrington. He retired from the practice of law in 1868. Blain was defeated in a bid for reelection in 1878. He retired from politics afterwards, and died in Toronto at the age of 76 in 1909.

Albert Prince
Albert Prince (November 17, 1825 – July 18, 1875) was an Ontario lawyer and political figure. He represented Essex in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1871 to 1874.

He was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England in 1825, the son of John Prince, and came to Sandwich (later Windsor) in Upper Canada with his family in 1833. He practised law at Sandwich. He died in Essex County in 1875 of apoplexy.
Vovcha (Donets)
The Vovcha (Ukrainian: Вовча; Russian: Волчья) is an 88-kilometre (55 mi) long river in the Belgorod Oblast of Russia and Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is a left tributary of the Donets river.

Its source is in Belgorod Oblast, near the Russian-Ukrainian border, near the village of Volchya Alexandrovka. It flows in a predominantly westerly direction. The confluence with the Donets is near the city of Vovchansk.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Stone Arch Bridge (Keene, New Hampshire)
The Stone Arch Bridge is a stone arch railroad bridge in Keene, New Hampshire, United States. Built in 1847 to carry the Cheshire Railroad, it is one of the best-preserved pre-1850 stone arch bridges in the nation. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012, and the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places in 2006. It now carries a multi-purpose rail trail.

Fitchburg Railroad
The Fitchburg Railroad is a former railroad company, which built a railroad line across northern Massachusetts, United States, leading to and through the Hoosac Tunnel. The Fitchburg was leased to the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1900. The main line from Boston to Fitchburg is now operated as the MBTA Fitchburg Line; Pan Am Railways runs freight service on some other portions.
Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah II (Jawi: ڤدوك سري سلطان رجال الدين محمد شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان سليمان شاه ٢; died 4 October 1652) was the 13th Sultan of Kedah and reigned from 1626 to 1652. He assumed the regency in 1619 when his father was carried off to Aceh as a prisoner. He appealed for help from the King of Siam, in an attempt to counter Acehnese hegemony. He moved his capital to Kota Naga in August 1626. He entered into diplomatic relations with the Dutch in Batavia. The Hukum Kanun Kedah and Undang-Undang Pelabuhan Kedah which was a law very similar to Undang-Undang Melaka was written during his reign.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.