hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Jews in Italy
The history of the Jews in Italy spans more than two thousand years to the present. The Jewish presence in Italy dates to the pre-Christian Roman period and has continued, despite periods of extreme persecution and expulsions, until the present. As of 2019, the estimated core Jewish population in Italy numbers around 45,000. In 2023, the Center for Studies of New Religions estimated the total at 36,000 while the Union of Italian Jewish Communities put the number at 27,000.

Ettore Ovazza
Ettore Ovazza (21 March 1892 – 11 October 1943) was an Italian banker. He was an early financier of Benito Mussolini,  whom he was a personal friend of, and a strong supporter of Italian fascism. He founded the anti-Zionist journal La nostra bandiera (Our Flag). Believing that his position would be restored after the war, Ovazza stayed on after the Germans occupied Italy during World War II. Together with his wife and children, shortly after the fall of Fascism and Mussolini's government, he was killed near the Swiss border by SS troops in 1943.
North Carolina Highway 66
North Carolina Highway 66 (NC 66) is a 47.0-mile (75.6 km) North Carolina state highway that travels from Horneytown to Johnstown, connecting the towns and communities of eastern Forsyth and Stokes counties.

Horneytown, North Carolina
Horneytown is an unincorporated community in Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States. Horneytown is 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of High Point.

Horneytown was named for the Horney family of early settlers. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

Fire protection services in Horneytown and the surrounding area is provided by the Horneytown Fire Department, a volunteer fire department established in 1958. The current fire chief is Kelly Baker.
Triphylus
In Greek mythology, Triphylus (Ancient Greek: Τρίφυλος means "of three tribes") was an Arcadian prince as the son of King Arcas and Laodamia (Leanira), daughter of King Amyclas of Sparta. Triphylus' possible brothers were Elatus and Apheidas, and his son was Erasus.

Arcadia (region)
Arcadia (/ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/; Greek: Ἀρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía) is a region in the central Peloponnese, Greece. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas, and in Greek mythology it was the home of the gods Hermes and Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness; as such, it was referenced in popular culture.

The modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region, but is slightly larger.
The Course of Time
The Course of Time is a ten-book poem in blank verse, first published in 1827. It was the last published and most famous work of Scottish poet Robert Pollok. The first edition of the poem sold 12,000 copies, and by its fourth edition it had sold 78,000 copies and become well known even in North America.

Pollok himself died in September 1827, only a few months after the poem was published.

An illustrated edition was published in 1857, featuring the work of John Tenniel, Myles Birket Foster, and J. R. Clayton.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Relationship science
Relationship science is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the scientific study of interpersonal relationship processes. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, relationship science is made up of researchers of various professional backgrounds within psychology (e.g., clinical, social, and developmental psychologists) and outside of psychology (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and biologists), but most researchers who identify with the field are psychologists by training. Additionally, the field's emphasis has historically been close and intimate relationships, which includes predominantly dating and married couples, parent-child relationships, and friendships and social networks, but some also study less salient social relationships such as colleagues and acquaintances.

Collegiality
Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues, especially among peers, for example a fellow member of the same profession.

Colleagues are those explicitly united in a common purpose and, at least in theory, respect each other's abilities to work toward that purpose. A colleague is an associate in a profession or in a civil or ecclesiastical office. In a narrower sense, members of the faculty of a university or college are each other's "colleagues".
2014 Southern Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2014 Southern Conference women's basketball tournament took place between March 7 and 10 in Asheville, North Carolina, at the U.S. Cellular Center. The quarterfinals will be streamed on ESPN3 while the semifinals and finals will be shown on CSS and streamed on ESPN3. The champion receives an automatic bid into the 2014 NCAA tournament.

ESPN3
ESPN3 (formerly ESPN360 and ESPN3.com) was an online streaming service owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company (which operated the network, through its 80% controlling ownership interest) and Hearst Communications (which held the remaining 20% interest). It provided live streams and replays of global sports events to sports fans in the United States.

The service quietly closed December 2, 2025, after its content was merged into ESPN's self-titled streaming service in full.
Egg Harbor City station
Egg Harbor City is a train station in Egg Harbor City, New Jersey. It serves NJ Transit trains and buses, as well as the Amtrak Thruway. Shuttles to the Egg Harbor City station connect to the Atlantic City International Airport, the Visitors Center at the FAA Technical Center and Stockton University, as well as bus lines to Atlantic City and the PATCO Speedline at the Lindenwold station.

Stockton University
Stockton University is a public university in Galloway Township, New Jersey, United States. It is a part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. It is named for Richard Stockton, one of the New Jersey signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Founded in 1969, Stockton enrolled its first class in 1971. Stockton is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The university has a second campus in Atlantic City.
Dennis Barrie
Dennis Barrie (born 1947) is an American museum director responsible for the curation of American pop culture. He was the Director of the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center from 1983–1992.  In 1990 Barrie and the gallery were indicted on obscenity charges stemming from exhibiting sadomasochistic photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe as part of an exhibit entitled The Perfect Moment. This was the first criminal trial of an art museum over the contents of an exhibition. At trial, a Cincinnati jury acquitted Barrie and the Center.  The controversy was later chronicled in a TV movie titled Dirty Pictures.

Barrie went on to become a co-creator of Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, where he served as an executive director from 1993–1998.

From 1998 to 2005 Barrie served as president of the Malrite Company where he oversaw the opening of the International Spy Museum, in Washington DC.

International Spy Museum
The International Spy Museum is an independent non-profit history museum which documents the tradecraft, history, and contemporary role of the intelligence field and espionage. It holds the largest collection of international espionage artifacts on public display. The museum opened in 2002 in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., and relocated to L'Enfant Plaza in 2019.
Wang (surname)
Wang (/wɑːŋ/) is the pinyin romanization of the common Chinese surname 王 (Wáng). It has a mixture of various origin with uncertain lineage of family history, however it is currently the most common surname in Mainland China, one of the most common surnames in Asia, with more than 107 million in Asia. It is the 8th name listed in the famous Hundred Family Surnames.

A separate surname 汪 (Wāng) is also romanized as Wang.

Wang also has less common unrelated origins in the Scandinavian and Germanic languages.

Joanna Wang
Joanna Wang  (Chinese: 王若琳; pinyin: Wáng Ruòlín; born 1 August 1988), is a Taiwanese-American singer-songwriter, daughter of music producer Bing Wang (王治平). Born in Taipei but raised in Los Angeles, California, Wang dropped out of Gabrielino High School when she was 16. Her debut album, Start from Here, was released in January 2008 as a double-disc set, one in English and the other in Chinese. The album reached No. 1 in Taiwan and has been popular throughout Southeast Asia. In June 2008, it was released in Japan. Her second album, Joanna & Wang Ruo-lin, which includes her all-original endeavor The Adult Storybook, was released in January 2009.
Baeckea robusta
Baeckea robusta is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to an area along the west coast Western Australia. It is an erect and slender shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.9 to 2.6 metres (3.0 to 8.5 ft) and blooms between June and December producing white to white-pink flowers. It is found on sand plains and around limestone outcrops in the coastal parts of the Mid West and extending south into the north west of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils over laterite or limestone.

The species was first formally described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1864 in his book Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae, from specimens collected near the Murchison River by Augustus Oldfield.

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.
Ian Sharp (public servant)
Ian Gordon Sharp AO (April 23, 1913 – July 26, 1996) was a senior-level Australian public servant, best known for his time as Secretary heading the Department of Labour and subsequently the Department of Labor and Immigration in the early 1970s.

Department of Labour (Australia)
The Department of Labour was an Australian government department that existed between December 1972 and June 1974. This department was created and operated under the Whitlam government, with Clyde Cameron appointed as minister. The Department of Labour was a catalyst for the increase in the national minimum wage and pushed for the equalising of pay rates between men and women. During this period, Cameron pushed for paid maternity and annual leave. They also worked to reduce the number of industrial disputes for the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission. Many attribute the department's employment of wage indexation policies as a contributing factor to the 1975 economic recession.

The Department was one of several new Departments established by the Whitlam government, a wide restructuring that revealed some of the new government's reforms.
Charlesbreen
Charlesbreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Gunnar Knudsenfjella and Vegardfjella, and debouches into St. Jonsfjorden from the south side. The length of the glacier is ten kilometers. The glacier is named after Charles Robertson.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Lac des Bouillouses
Lac des Bouillouses (French pronunciation: [lak de bujuz]) or Llac de la Bollosa is a lake in Pyrénées-Orientales, France. At an elevation of 2017 m, its surface area is 1.49 km².

It is an artificial lake, the 20-metre high dam of which was built between 1903 and 1910 as a key part of a hydro-electricity project in the Têt valley.

The lake is fed by River Têt (below, on the right).

The dam at the southern end of the lake.

Têt (river)
The Têt (French: [tɛt] ⓘ; Catalan: Tet [ˈtɛt]) is the largest river in Pyrénées-Orientales, southwestern France. It is 115 kilometres (71 mi) long. The Têt has  its source at the foot of the Puig de la Cometa de l'Espagne in the Carlit massif in the eastern Pyrenees. It crosses the Pyrénées-Orientales département (Northern Catalonia) from West to East and ends in the Mediterranean Sea, near Perpignan (Catalan: Perpinyà).

A staircase of fluvial terraces of the Têt along the length of the valley has been studied in detail.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3 – Women's 3000 metres
The women's 3000 metres race of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 3, arranged in Eisstadion Inzell, in Inzell, Germany, was held on 4 December 2015.

Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic won the race, while Marije Joling of the Netherlands came second, and Olga Graf of Russia came third. Nana Takagi of Japan won the Division B race.

Inzell
Inzell (German pronunciation: [ˈɪntsɛl]) is a municipality in the district of Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany. It is known for the Eisstadion Inzell, a former outdoor artificial ice rink that has been used for many international speed skating championships. It is now an indoor oval.
St. Pat's for All
The St. Pat's for All Parade is an annual event that honors Irish culture and promotes inclusivity. It was established on March 5, 2000, and takes place in the Sunnyside and Woodside neighborhoods of Queens, New York City, which traditionally have been home to Irish New Yorkers. The parade was initiated by Brendan Fay, a gay Irish immigrant, in response to the exclusion of LGBTQ groups like the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization from the New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade in Manhattan. Fay's objective is to celebrate the diversity of New York City, guided by the motto "Cherishing All the Children of the Nation Equally," which originates from the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916. The most recent parade occurred on March 5, 2023.

Proclamation of the Irish Republic
The Proclamation of the Republic (Irish: Forógra na Poblachta), also known as the 1916 Proclamation or the Easter Proclamation, was a document issued by the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising in Ireland, which began on 24 April 1916. In it, the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, writing as the "Provisional Government of the Irish Republic," proclaimed Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom. The reading of the proclamation by Patrick Pearse outside the General Post Office (GPO) on Sackville Street (now called O'Connell Street), Dublin's main thoroughfare, marked the beginning of the Rising. The proclamation was modelled on a similar independence proclamation issued during the 1803 rebellion by Robert Emmet.
Alexander H. Conner
Alexander Hamilton Conner (August 5, 1831 – May 29, 1891) was an American politician and legislator.

Born in Hamilton County, Indiana, Conner was the son of William Conner, a pioneer and politician. He was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1855. He served in the Indiana House of Representatives in 1856. In 1860, Conner took part in the Republican Convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln. Conner was a newspaper publisher and was appointed postmaster for Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1871, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Conner Governor of Idaho Territory, but he declined the office. After dealing with financial problems with his newspaper in Indianapolis, Conner moved to Kearney, Nebraska, in 1872, where he practiced law. Conner served in the Nebraska Constitutional Convention of 1875 and was elected to the Nebraska State Senate serving in 1883–1885 and 1889–1891. Conner died in Kearney, Nebraska.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
Arrest of Ahnaf Jazeem
Ahnaf Jazeem (pen name, Mannaramuthu Ahnaf) is a Tamil Muslim poet from Silavathurai, Mannar, Northern Province, Sri Lanka.

Ahnaf wrote a Tamil poetry anthology called Navarasam in 2017 and was arrested under the Prevention of Terrorism Act. The Act stated that Navarasam promoted extremism, and Ahnaf was detained without charge for over a year. Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice and European human rights ambassadors have called for his release.

He was released on bail on December 15, 2021, though is still facing restrictions.

Mannar District
Mannar District  (Tamil: மன்னார் மாவட்டம் Maṉṉār Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: මන්නාරම දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is Mannar, which is located on Mannar Island.
Archibald Mackintosh
Archibald Cameron MacKintosh or Mackintosh (June 13, 1876 – May 27, 1961) was an Irish-born Canadian Anglican priest in Ontario.

Mackintosh was born June 13, 1876, in or near Ballyshannon, Ireland, to John MacKintosh and Elizabeth McClay. He was educated at Dorchester Missionary College and ordained in 1901. On June 6 of that year in Toronto, he married as a 25-year old clergyman living on St. Joseph Island, Ontario, with Georgiana Sarah Louise Hughes from England, with whom he had three children. After a curacy on St. Joseph Island, he held incumbencies at Burk's Falls (1902), Port Colborne (1903), Fort Erie (1906), Guelph, Parkdale, and finally Dundas, where he remained rector of the St. James’ Anglican Church until his retirement. During World War I, he was a Chaplain to the Canadian Armed Forces. He was Archdeacon of the counties of Wellington and Halton, and from 1922 until 1950 Archdeacon of Wentworth and Haldimand counties. He died at the age of 84 on May 27, 1961.

Haldimand County
Haldimand County is a rural city-status single-tier municipality on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. Municipal offices are located in Cayuga.

The county is adjacent to Norfolk County, the County of Brant, the City of Hamilton, the townships of West Lincoln and Wainfleet, and the Six Nations reserve.
Alexander Murray (1789–1845)
Alexander Murray (1789 – 15 July 1845) of Broughton was a Scottish Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1838 to 1845.

At the 1837 general election Murray unsuccessfully contested Wigtownshire, where was defeated by the Conservative Party candidate James Blair.
He was elected unopposed at a by-election in 1838 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcudbright Stewartry, filling the vacancy caused the death of Robert Cutlar Fergusson.

Murray was re-elected in 1841
with more than twice the votes of his lone opponent, the Conservative W. Maxwell.

He held the seat until his death 4 years later, aged about 56.
He died in the south of Ireland on 15 July 1845, having been suddenly taken ill two days earlier.

1837 United Kingdom general election
The 1837 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 July to 18 August 1837, following the death of King William IV and the accession of Queen Victoria. The election saw the Whigs secure their fourth consecutive victory, though the Conservatives, led by Robert Peel, continued to gain ground.

The election marked the last time that a Parliament was dissolved as a result of the demise of the Crown. The dissolution of Parliament six months after a demise of the Crown, as provided for by the Succession to the Crown Act 1707, was abolished by the Reform Act 1867.
The Born Losers
The Born Losers is a 1967 American outlaw biker film. The film introduced Tom Laughlin as the half-Native American Green Beret Vietnam veteran Billy Jack. Since 1954, Laughlin had been trying to produce his Billy Jack script about discrimination toward Native Americans. In the 1960s, he decided to introduce the character of Billy Jack in a quickly written script designed to capitalize on the then-popular trend in motorcycle gang movies. The story was based on a real incident from 1964 where members of the Hells Angels were arrested for raping two teenage girls in Monterey, California. The movie was followed by Billy Jack (1971), which saw AIP pull out of production midway through before others stepped in.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
Fyodorovka, Russia
Fyodorovka (Russian: Фёдоровка), also spelled Fedorovka, is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:

Fyodorovka Microdistrict, a microdistrict in Komsomolsky City District and former urban-type settlement in Samara Oblast; merged into the city of Tolyatti in 2006

Fyodorovka, a former urban-type settlement in Chelyabinsk Oblast; since 2004—a part of the city of Chelyabinsk

Fyodorovka, Fyodorovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a rural locality (a selo) in Fyodorovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Fyodorovka, Ufimsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a rural locality (a village) in Ufimsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Fyodorovka, Oryol Oblast, a rural locality (a selo) in Oryol Oblast

Fyodorovka, Fyodorovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Fyodorovka (Russian: Фёдоровка, Bashkir: Фёдоровка, Fyodorovka) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Fyodorovsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Population:  4,306 (2010 Census); 4,128 (2002 Census); 3,923 (1989 Soviet census).