hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S-curve (art)
The Venus de Milo statue has an S-curve form.

Diagram S-curve form of Doryphoros by Polykleitos

In the visual arts, an S-curve is an S-shaped curve that serves a wide variety of compositional purposes. The term is usually applied to the standing human figure bending first one way and then back the other. It may also be applied more generally, for example in landscape painting and photography.

S
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and other latin alphabets worldwide. Its name in English is ess (pronounced /ˈɛs/ ⓘ), plural esses.
Endless Horizons
Endless Horizons (French: Horizons sans fin) is a 1953 French drama film directed by Jean Dréville and starring Giselle Pascal, Jean Chevrier and René Blancard. It was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. Location shooting took place at the Enghien Moisselles Airfield. The film's sets were designed by the art director Raymond Gabutti.

Hélène Boucher
Hélène Boucher (French pronunciation: [elɛn buʃe]; 23 May 1908 — 30 November 1934) was a well-known French pilot in the early 1930s, when she set several women's world speed records and the all-comers record for 1,000 km (621 mi) in 1934. She was killed in an accident in the same year.
Tisquesusa
Tisquesusa, also spelled Thisquesuza, Thysquesuca, or Thisquesusha, referred to in the earliest sources as Bogotá, the Elder, (died Facatativá, 1537) was the fourth and last independent ruler (psihipqua) of Muyquytá, main settlement of the southern Muisca between 1514 and his death in 1537. The Spanish pronunciation of his name brought about the Colombian capital Bogotá. Tisquesusa was the ruler of the southern Muisca Confederation at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, when the troops led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his brother entered the central Andean highlands.

Bank of the Republic (Colombia)
The Bank of the Republic (Spanish: Banco de la República) is the central bank of Colombia. It was initially established under the regeneration era in 1880. Its main modern functions, under the new Colombian constitution were detailed by Congress according to Ley 31 de 1992. One of them is the issuance of the Colombian currency, the peso. The bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
Congruence-permutable algebra
In universal algebra, a congruence-permutable algebra is an algebra whose congruences commute under composition. This symmetry has several equivalent characterizations, which lend to the analysis of such algebras. Many familiar varieties of algebras, such as the variety of groups, consist of congruence-permutable algebras, but some, like the variety of lattices, have members that are not congruence-permutable.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Wheat Field with Cypresses
A Wheatfield with Cypresses is any of three similar 1889 oil paintings by Vincent van Gogh, as part of his wheat field series.  All were exhibited at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole mental asylum at Saint-Rémy near Arles, France, where Van Gogh was voluntarily a patient from May 1889 to May 1890.  The works were inspired by the view from the window at the asylum towards the Alpilles mountains.

Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁemi də pʁɔvɑ̃s]; lit. "Saint-Rémy of Provence"; Provençal: Sant Romieg de Provença (classical norm) and Sant Roumié de Prouvènço (Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is often referred to simply as Saint-Rémy, its official name until 12 April 1953. Located in the northern part of the Alpilles, of which it is the main town, its population is about 9,600.
William A. Morgan (footballer)
William A. Morgan (born 1914, date of death unknown) was an English footballer, who played in goal for Coventry City between 1932 and 1939. He was born in Ryton-on-Tyne. He was 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) tall.

Ryton, Tyne and Wear
Ryton is a village in Tyne and Wear, England. It is in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, historically part of County Durham. In 2011, the population of the Ryton, Crookhill and Stella ward was 8,146. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Gunnar Nixon
James Gunnar Nixon (born January 13, 1993) is an American track and field athlete who competes in the decathlon. He broke the American high school record for the event in 2011, and was the World Junior Champion in 2012. He won his first national title indoors in 2013, and was runner-up at the 2013 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. His personal record for the decathlon is 8,312 points at the 2013 IAAF World Championships. In 2011, he set the United States high school national record in the decathlon (using junior implements) with a score of 8,035 points.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
La Femme Anjola
La Femme Anjola is a 2021 film written by Tunde Babalola and directed by Mildred Okwo. It is a film noir psychological thriller which stars Rita Dominic and Nonso Bassey. It was released in cinemas on March 19, 2021.

Tunde Babalola
Tunde Babalola is a Nigerian screenwriter in Nigerian cinema and British television. He is most notable for writing movies such as  Last Flight to Abuja, Critical Assignment, October 1 and Citation, as well as the Nigerian soap-opera Tinsel and UK series The Bill and In Exile. He also acted in the 2001 movie Deep Freeze, however it is not a career path he says he intends to pursue.
Kim-Rune Hansen
Kim-Rune Hansen (born 8 June 1988) is a Norwegian snowboarder from Hamar.

His greatest achievement is a victory in a March 2008 big air event during the 2007-08 Snowboarding World Cup circuit. Overall, he placed fifth in the big air section of the 2007-08 World Cup. He has placed three times among the top ten so far.

2007–08 FIS Snowboard World Cup
The 2007–08 FIS Snowboard World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for snowboarding. The season began on 1 September 2007, and finished on 3 March 2008. The World Cup is organized by the FIS who also runs world cups and championships in cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, alpine skiing, and freestyle skiing.
Apurba Sarma
Apurba Sarma (born January 1, 1943) is a National Award-winning film critic and a Sahitya Akademi winning author from Halem, Sonitpur district, Assam. He is one of the brothers of Arun Sarma who is also a Sahitya Academy Award winning author. He did his master's in economics at Gauhati University (1965). And later worked as a staff reporter at The Assam Tribune (1965–1967), as lecturer in economics at Nowgong Girls College (1967–1997), as principal, Nowgong Girls College (1997–2002), and as editor of Ajir Asom, an Assamese daily published by The Sentinel (Guwahati). He is presently the founder-president of Xahitya Mancha Asom, a Guwahati-based society of writers and fans of Assamese literature.

The Sentinel (Guwahati)
The Sentinel is an English daily newspaper launched in 1983 in the city of Guwahati, in the state of Assam, India. It has two editions published simultaneously from Guwahati and Dibrugarh. The Sentinel caters to the entire North Eastern region of India.

As of November 2024, Shankar Rajkhewa is the Managing Editor, and Ramlal Sinha is the Executive Editor.
David W. Bates
David Bates (born June 5, 1957) is an American physician, biomedical informatician, and professor, known for his work regarding the use of health information technology (HIT) to improve the safety and quality of healthcare, in particular by using clinical decision support.
Bates has done work in the area of medication safety. He began by describing the epidemiology of harm caused by medications, first in hospitalized patients and then in other settings such as the home and nursing homes.

Health information technology
Health information technology (HIT) is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across  computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on a 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system.
Ashby Creek
Ashby Creek is a tributary of Doctors Creek in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, in the United States. It runs for 4.2 miles (6.8 km) from the area near Wrightsville and empties into Doctors Creek southeast of Allentown.

Allentown, New Jersey
Allentown is a borough located in western Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, bordering adjacent Mercer County. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,734, a decrease of 94 (−5.1%) from the 2010 census count of 1,828, which in turn reflected a decline of 54 (−2.9%) from the 1,882 counted in the 2000 census. The borough is nestled within central New Jersey, and is roughly equidistant between New York City and Philadelphia.
Aleksandr Revva
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Revva (Russian: Александр Владимирович Ревва; Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Ревва, romanized: Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Revva; born 10 September 1974), better known by his stage name Arthur Pirozhkov (Russian: Артур Владимирович Пирожков), is a Russian stand-up comedian, TV host and voice actor of Ukrainian origin. A former KVN player, in 2006 Revva became a "resident" of the Russian Comedy Club show.

Yeralash
Yeralash (Russian: Ералаш, IPA: [jɪrɐˈlaʂ]) is a Soviet and Russian children's comedy television show and magazine. Yeralash also runs an actor studio and the "Yeralash Island" camp. The word yeralash means "mixed, mishmash" or "jumble" and is taken from the Turkic languages.
Battle of Wayna Daga
The Battle of Wayna Daga was a large-scale battle between the Ethiopian forces and the Portuguese Empire and the forces of the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire in the east of Lake Tana in Ethiopia on 21 February 1543. The available sources give different dates for the battle. Led by the Emperor Galawdewos, the combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeated the Adal-Ottoman army led by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. Imam Ahmad was killed in the battle and his followers were utterly routed

Wegera (woreda)
Wegera or  Wogera (Amharic: ወገራ), is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Wegera is named for the former province Wegera, which was located roughly in the same location, and was later made part of the province of Semien. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Wegera is bordered on the south by Mirab Belessa, on the southwest by Gondar Zuria, on the west by Lay Armachiho, on the northwest by Tach Armachiho, on the north by Dabat, on the northeast by Jan Amora, and on the southeast by Misraq Belessa. Towns in Wegera include Amba Giyorgis and Gedegbe.

Due to its inaccessibility and the lack of the most basic infrastructure, in 1999 the Regional government classified Wegera as one of its 47 drought prone and food insecure woredas.
Garikai Mutasa
Garikai N. Mutasa (born 1952) is a Zimbabwean novelist. His novel The Contact (1985) is a victory story of the ZANLA guerrillas, based on Soviet socialist realist models.  He previously trained as a teacher at Gweru Teacher's College

Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant African nationalist organisation that participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule of Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe).
Richard Housley
Richard Housley (8 May 1849 – 23 April 1881) was an English cricketer.  Housley was a right-handed batsman.  He was born at Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire.

Housley made a single first-class appearance for Nottinghamshire against Yorkshire at Trent Bridge in 1870. Yorkshire won the toss and elected to bat first, making 108 all out.  In response, Nottinghamshire made just 56 all out, with Housley being dismissed by George Freeman for 2 runs.  In their second-innings, Yorkshire were dismissed for 122, leaving Nottinghamshire with a target of 175 for victory.  Nottinghamshire fell narrowly short of reaching that target, being dismissed for 172 to lose by 2 runs.  During their chase, Housley was run out for a single run. This was his only major appearance for the county.

He later stood as an umpire in two first-class matches at Bramall Lane in 1877, with Yorkshire playing Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. He died at the village of his birth on 23 April 1881.

Mansfield Woodhouse
Mansfield Woodhouse is a town in the Mansfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Mansfield, along the main A60 road in a wide, low valley between the Rivers Maun and Meden. Founded before the Roman Empire, it is noteworthy for its stone-built centre.

Originally separate with its own urban district council, after continuous development it has become a part of the Mansfield Urban Area. After the Local Government Act 1972, Mansfield Woodhouse and Warsop Urban District Councils merged with the Municipal Borough of Mansfield on 1 April 1974, to form a new local government area known as Mansfield. Mansfield Woodhouse's economy was traditionally based on the quarrying, mining, farming and textile industries.
Walter Mathä
Walter Mathä (25 September 1914 – ?) is an Austrian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936, he was eliminated in the second round of the bantamweight class after losing his fight to Stig Cederberg.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The men's bantamweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the second lightest contested and allowed boxers of up to 119 pounds (53.5 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936, to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-four boxers from 24 nations competed.
Tanel Toom
Tanel Toom (born 1 November 1982) is an Estonian director and screenwriter.

Toom studied filmmaking at Tallinn University, graduating with a BA in 2005. After that, he worked as a director for commercials and as a first assistant director. In 2008, he completed his fourth short film, The Second Coming, which premiered at the Venice Film Festival. The apocalyptical war drama has since been screened at numerous film festivals and won several awards, including Best European Short at the Arcipelago International Film Festival. The same year, he decided to continue his studies at the National Film and Television School in England. He graduated from the NFTS with an MA in 2010 and shortly after that his diploma film The Confession  won the Student Academy Award for Honorary Foreign Film and got him an Academy Award nomination for Live Action Short Film.

Tallinn University
Tallinn University (TLU; Estonian: Tallinna Ülikool, TLÜ) is a public research university in Estonia. Located in the centre of Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Tallinn University is one of the three largest institutions of higher education in the country. Both QS World University and Times Higher Education rankings place it among the top 1000 universities in the world.
Chak Ting Fung
Chak Ting Fung (Chinese: 翟廷峯; pinyin: Zhái Tíngfēng; Cantonese Yale: Jaahk Tìngfūng; born 27 November 1989) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a right back or a left back for Hong Kong Premier League club Southern.

Hong Kong Pegasus FC
Hong Kong Pegasus FC (Chinese: 香港飛馬足球會), currently known as Ling Yui Orion FC due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong football club based in Yuen Long. Founded in 2008, the club currently competes in the Hong Kong Third Division.
TLN2
Talin-2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TLN2 gene. It belongs to the talin protein family. 
This gene encodes a protein related to talin-1, a cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in the assembly of actin filaments. Talin-2 is expressed at high levels in cardiac muscle and functions to  provide linkages between the extracellular matrix and actin cytoskeleton at costamere structures to transduce force laterally.

Striated muscle tissue
Striated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. Under the microscope,  sarcomeres are visible along muscle fibers, giving a striated appearance to the tissue. The two types of striated muscle are skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
14 regions of Constantinople
The ancient city of Constantinople was divided into 14 administrative regions (Latin: regiones, Greek: συνοικιες, romanized: synoikies). The system of fourteen regiones was modelled on the fourteen regiones of Rome, a system introduced by the first Roman emperor Augustus in the 1st century AD.

After Emperor Constantine the Great re-founded Byzantium as Constantinople and Nova Roma ('New Rome') in the early 4th century, he or his immediate successors divided Constantinople into its own 14 regiones. Each region (regio) was numbered, and their boundaries and landmarks in the 5th century were enumerated by the Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae, which also gives details of the city's Cura Annonae, the public grain ration which was distributed by regio. Two regiones, XIII and XIV, were outside the original city walls.

Theodosius II
Theodosius II (Ancient Greek: Θεοδόσιος Theodosios; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450), called "the Calligrapher", was Roman emperor from 402 to 450. He was proclaimed Augustus as an infant and ruled as the Eastern Empire's sole emperor after the death of his father Arcadius in 408. His reign was marked by the promulgation of the Theodosian law code and the construction of the Theodosian walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism.
CESifo Economic Studies
CESifo Economic Studies is a journal on economics published by the CESifo Group. It was established as IFO Studien in 1955 and obtained its current title in 2002.

The journal is abstracted and indexed by the Social Sciences Citation Index, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences, EconLit, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition, ProQuest, RePEc, Scopus, Social Science Research Network, and Social SciSearch.

EconLit
EconLit is an academic literature abstracting database service published by the American Economic Association.  The service focuses on literature in the field of economics. EconLit covers articles and other materials dating back to 1969. It uses the JEL classification codes for classifying papers by subject.
Anoplosaurus
Anoplosaurus (meaning "unarmored or unarmed lizard") is an extinct genus of herbivorous nodosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (late Albian age) Cambridge Greensand of Cambridgeshire, England. It has in the past been classified with either the armored dinosaurs or the ornithopods, but current thought has been in agreement with the "armored dinosaur" interpretation, placing it in the Ankylosauria.

Cambridge Greensand
The Cambridge Greensand is a geological unit in England whose strata are earliest Cenomanian in age. It lies above the erosive contact between the Gault Formation and the Chalk Group in the vicinity of Cambridgeshire, and technically forms the lowest member bed of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation. It is a remanié deposit, containing reworked fossils of late Albian age, including those of dinosaurs and pterosaurs.
Oslo Conference on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons
The 2013 Oslo Conference on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons was an international diplomatic event held on 4-5 March 2013 in Oslo, Norway. It was the first multilateral meeting dedicated solely to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons use, rather than traditional security or deterrence frameworks. The conference was hosted by the Government of Norway, and was attended by 128 states, several United Nations agencies, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and civil society organizations such as the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (abbreviated to ICAN, pronounced /ˈaɪkæn/ EYE-kan) is a global civil society coalition working to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The campaign helped bring about this treaty. ICAN was launched in 2007. In 2022, it counted 661 partner organizations in 110 countries.

The campaign received the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize "for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons."
Thomas Gossland
Thomas Gossland (born May 10, 1989) is a Canadian competition swimmer who represented Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's 4×100-metre freestyle relay.  Gossland finished tenth in the relay with his teammates Brent Hayden, Richard Hortness and Colin Russell. In 2013 Gossland won a bronze medal at the Swimming World Cup in the 4x50 mixed freestyle relay.

Gossland grew up and learned to swim in Nanaimo.  He then moved to Vancouver in 2007 to attend the University of British Columbia, where he competed with the UBC Thunderbirds, UBC's swimming team, and broke records set by Hayden, a future team member in the relay. He then earned a spot on the 2012 Canadian Olympic team at the Olympic trials. He never went to another Olympic Games. However he decided to train as a physics teacher at a secondary school in England and is now a teacher in Thailand along with being a coach at a swimming club in the same region.

Nanaimo
Nanaimo (/nəˈnaɪmoʊ/ nə-NY-moh) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. "The Harbour City" was previously known as the "Hub City", which was attributed to its original layout design with streets radiating from the shoreline like the spokes of a wagon wheel, and to its relatively central location on Vancouver Island. Nanaimo is the headquarters of the Regional District of Nanaimo.

Nanaimo is served by the Island Highway along the east coast, the BC Ferries system, and its regional airport. It is also on the dormant Island Rail Corridor.