hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woodhouse hill fort
Woodhouse hill fort is an Iron Age hillfort between Frodsham and Helsby in Cheshire, England. It lies at the northern end of the Mid Cheshire Ridge. Woodhouse Hill has steep cliffs on the western sides, providing a natural defence. It is defended by a rampart to the north and east where the ground slopes more gently. Excavations in 1951 showed that the rampart was originally 4m high and revetted with stone on both sides. A number of small rounded stones, believed to be slingstones, have been found on the site. The hill fort is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

The hill has a summit of 137m AOD. The fort site and the surrounding areas form a part of within Snidley Moor Wood much of which is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust.

Ordnance datum
An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used by an Ordnance Survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as above ordnance datum (AOD). Usually mean sea level (MSL) at a particular place is used for the datum.
Bidwell, Ohio
Bidwell is a small unincorporated community in northwestern Springfield Township, Gallia County, Ohio, United States, Although unincorporated, it has its own ZIP Code of 45614. Bidwell is located eleven miles from the county seat, Gallipolis. It is at an elevation of 735 feet.

Bidwell is part of the Point Pleasant, WV–OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Gallipolis, Ohio
Gallipolis (/ˌɡæləpəˈliːs/ GAL-ə-pə-LEESS) is a village in Gallia County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located in Southeast Ohio along the Ohio River about 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Chillicothe and 44 miles (71 km) northwest of Charleston, West Virginia. The population was 3,313 at the 2020 census. Gallipolis is the second-largest community in the rural Point Pleasant micropolitan area, which includes all of Gallia County, Ohio, and Mason County, West Virginia.
1976 Goodrich Radial Challenge
The 1976 Goodrich Radial Challenge was an Australian motor racing series open to Group C Touring Cars of up to 3000cc capacity. It was contested over four rounds, each being staged with a round of the 1976 Rothmans International Series. Cars were required to use street radial tyres provided by the series sponsor, BF Goodrich Australia.

The series was won by Bill Evans driving a Datsun 1200 Coupe.

Radial tire
A radial tire (more properly, a radial-ply tire) is a particular design of vehicular tire.  In this design, the cord plies are arranged at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, or radially (from the center of the tire). Radial tire construction climbed to 100% market share in North America following Consumer Reports finding the superiority of the radial design in 1968, and were standard by 1976.
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Malta was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Breathlessly", written by Philip Vella, Sean Vella and Gerard James Borg, and performed by Claudia Faniello.The Maltese participating broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services (PBS), selected its entry for the contest through the national final Malta Eurovision Song Contest 2017. The competition consisted of a final, held on 18 February 2017, where "Breathlessly" performed by Claudia Faniello eventually emerged as the winning entry after gaining 26% of the public televote.

Malta was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 11 May 2017. Performing during the show in position 4, "Breathlessly" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final on 13 May. It was later revealed that Malta placed sixteenth out of the 18 participating countries in the semi-final with 55 points.

Firelight (band)
Firelight is a pop/folk-band founded in 2013 by vocalist Richard Edwards Micallef in Malta. Michelle Mifsud (vocals and piano), Wayne Williams (vocals, keys and guitar) and Daniel (guitars) are all Richard's siblings. The band is completed by Tony Polidano (bass) and Leslie Decesare (drums).

Firelight's style is a mix of pop, rock, country and folk. Richard plays the Appalachian dulcimer, an American traditional instrument related to the European zither.

Firelight represented Malta in the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest in Denmark with their song "Coming Home", placing 23rd out of 26 with 32 points, receiving 12 points from the jury selections from Armenia and the UK..

Firelight released their first album called "Backdrop Of Life" in October 2014.
Tertiary review
In software engineering, a tertiary review is a systematic review of systematic reviews. It is also referred to as a tertiary study in the software engineering literature. However, Umbrella review is the term more commonly used in medicine.

Kitchenham et al.  suggest that methodologically there is no difference between a systematic review and a tertiary review. However, as the software engineering community has started performing tertiary reviews new concerns unique to tertiary reviews have surfaced. These include the challenge of quality assessment of systematic reviews, search validation and the additional risk of double counting.

Barbara Kitchenham
Barbara Ann Kitchenham is a retired British computer scientist and software engineer known for her research on systematic reviews in software engineering and on evidence-based practice in software engineering. She is a professor emerita of computer science at Keele University.
Songal
Songal (Urdu: سونگل) is a neighbourhood in the Malir district of Karachi, Pakistan. The neighbourhood was a part of Gadap Town until 2011.

There are several ethnic groups in Songal including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras, Ismailis and Christians.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Kulykivske, Donetsk Oblast
Kulykivske (Ukrainian: Куликівське), formerly known as Moskovske (Московське), is a rural settlement in Shakhtarsk urban hromada, Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Population: 624 (2022 estimate).

On 19 September 2024, the Verkhovna Rada voted to rename Moskovske to Kulykivske.

Rural settlement
The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not include towns.

Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets, and farms. They may be dispersed.

Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture. In modern times other types of rural communities have been developed.

The settlement where the occupation of majority of people relate to the local natural resources are called rural settlement for example, (1) settlement of fisheries along a sea coast, (2) settlement of tribal people in a forest area and (3) settlement of farmers along the banks of rivers.

Rural settlements show the reciprocal relationship of human occupance features and environment.
Ice hockey in Sweden
Ice hockey in Sweden has a history going back to at least 1912 and is one of the country's most popular sports. The sport was first organized in the country by the Swedish Football Association (SvFF), which was a member of the IIHF in 1912.  The ice hockey department of the SvFF eventually split off to become the Swedish Ice Hockey Association (SIHA) which today is still responsible for organizing Sweden's domestic leagues and its participation in tournaments internationally.  The highest tier of men's ice hockey in Sweden, the SHL, brought in 1,974,388 spectators in the 2013–14 season, the highest overall attendance in Swedish sports. The SHL's average of 5,983 spectators per match is bested only by Allsvenskan, the country's top flight of association football.

The first recorded official ice hockey game on Swedish soil was played at Stockholm Stadium on 30 January 1921 when IFK Uppsala defeated Berliner SC, 4–1.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Jenny Colgan
Jenny Colgan (born 14 September 1971, Prestwick, Ayrshire) is a Scottish writer of romantic comedy fiction and science fiction. She has written for the Doctor Who line of stories. She writes under her own name and also using the pseudonyms Jane Beaton and J. T. Colgan.

She won the Romantic Novel of the Year award in 2013 for Welcome to Rosie Hopkins' Sweetshop of Dreams and the Romantic Novelists' Association award for Comedy Novel of the Year in 2018 for The Summer Seaside Kitchen.

Prestwick
Prestwick (Scottish Gaelic: Preastabhaig) is a town in South Ayrshire on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland about 30 miles (50 kilometres) southwest of Glasgow. It adjoins the larger town of Ayr to the south on the Firth of Clyde coast, the centre of which is about two miles (three kilometres) south, and the small village of Monkton to the north. It had a population of 14,901 at the 2011 census.

Glasgow Prestwick Airport is on the town's outskirts, providing passenger flights to European and historically, transatlantic destinations, as well as international cargo flights.

The town was the first home of the Open Golf Championship, which was played on the Prestwick Old Course from 1860 to 1872.
Theodore L. Marvel House
The Theodore L. Marvel House is a historic house located at 188 Berkley Street in  Taunton, Massachusetts. It was built in 1883 in a shingle style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The irregularly-shaped house features a hipped gable roof and varied wall surface of fieldstone and shingles. Among its most dominant elements are its boldly-arched fieldstone porch, varied fenestration, and connected Shingle Style barn, with sweeping roof, eyebrow windows and large arched entrance, constructed of fieldstone. It is sited on a large landscaped estate.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Canararctia
Canararctia is a monotypic tiger moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov in 1990. Its only species, Canararctia rufescens, was first described by Gaspard Auguste Brullé in 1836. It is endemic to La Gomera and Tenerife in the Canary Islands.

The wingspan is 48–66 millimetres (1.9–2.6 in). The moth flies year round.

The larvae feed on various plants, including Myrica faya, Rumex lunaria, Kleinia neriifolia, Ricinus communis, Nicotiana glauca and Sonchus congestus.

Nicotiana glauca
Nicotiana glauca is a species of flowering plant in the tobacco genus Nicotiana of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is known by the common name tree tobacco. Its leaves are attached to the stalk by petioles (many other Nicotiana species have sessile leaves), and its leaves and stems are neither pubescent nor sticky like Nicotiana tabacum. It resembles Cestrum parqui but differs in the form of leaves and fusion of the outer floral parts. It grows to heights of more than two meters.

Tree tobacco is native to South America but it is now widespread as an introduced species on other continents. It is a common roadside weed in the southwestern United States, and an invasive plant species in California native plant habitats.
Cosmic wind
Cosmic wind is a powerful cosmic stream of charged particles that can push interstellar dust clouds of low density into intergalactic space. Although it easily pushes low density gas and dust clouds, it cannot easily push high density clouds. As the cosmic winds start to push the clouds, they start to separate and start looking like taffy being pulled apart. It has a primary composition of photons ejected from large stars and sometimes thermal energy from exploding stars. It can be caused by orbital motion of gas in the cluster of a galaxy, or can be ejected from a black hole. Because new stars and planets form from gases, the cosmic winds that push the gases away are preventing new stars from forming and are ultimately playing a role in galaxy evolution.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Meader
Meader is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Meader (born 1949), American politician

Elwyn Meader (1910–1996), American plant breeder

George Meader (1907–1994), American politician

Herman Lee Meader (1874–1930), American architect and author

Mary Meader (1916–2008), American photographer

Stephen W. Meader (1892–1977), American novelist

Vaughn Meader (1936–2004), American comedian, impersonator, musician, and film actor

David Meader
David Meader (born October 26, 1949) is an American politician in the state of New Hampshire. He is a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, sitting as a Democrat from the Cheshire 6 district, having been first elected in 2016. He previously served from 1996 to 2004 and 2008–2012.
Tossa de Mar
Tossa de Mar (Catalan: [ˈtɔsə ðə ˈmaɾ]; Spanish: Tosa de Mar) is a municipality in Catalonia, Spain, located on the coastal Costa Brava, about 100 kilometres north of Barcelona and 100 kilometres south of the French border. It is accessible through Girona Airport, some distance north.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Tossa de Mar. Stage 10 links northwards to Sant Feliu de Guíxols, a distance of 20.2 kilometres (12.6 mi), whilst stage 11 links southwards to Lloret de Mar, a distance of 14.4 kilometres (8.9 mi).

GR 92
The GR 92 is part of the extensive GR footpath network of paths, tracks and trails in Spain. It will eventually run the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, from Portbou, on the border with France to Tarifa, the southernmost point of Spain. In doing so it will pass through the autonomous communities of Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia and Andalusia. The sections in Catalunya and Murcia are complete and fully signposted, but work is still in progress on the sections in Valencia and Andalusia, and sources differ on the eventual length of the path.

The GR 92 forms the southern portion of the E10, one of the European long-distance paths. The E10 runs between Finland and Spain.
Walter George (cricketer)
Walter George  (20 September 1847 – 2 November 1938) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club in 1875.

George was born at Selling near Faversham in Kent in 1847. He played for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1872 but did not make his first-class cricket debut until 1875 when he played five times for Kent as a bowler. George was a  left-arm fast-medium roundarm bowler and took 22 first-class wickets in his five matches. He took 6 wickets for 32 runs against Hampshire and 7 for 86 against Derbyshire.

George's last known match was for Lord Harris' XI at Faversham in 1879. He died at Bell Green near Sydenham in Kent in 1938 at the age of 91.

Bell Green, London
Bell Green is an area in the London Borough of Lewisham, between Perry Vale and Bellingham. The area was historically known for its gas works and the poverty of the local workers, in what Charles Booth called "the one really poor district in this quarter of London." The gasworks closed in 1968 and the whole area redeveloped; it is best known today for the eponymous retail park.

A map from 1870 shows that Bell Green was predominately a rural area with a small settlement surrounding a road junction.
Ejnar Tønsager
Ejnar Tønsager (12 April 1888 – 15 October 1967) was a Norwegian rowing coxswain who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he was the coxswain of the Norwegian boat, which was eliminated in the first round of the men's eight competition. Four years later, he was again the coxswain of the Norwegian boat, which was eliminated in the semi-finals of the coxed four event. In some sources the crew members of this boat are also listed as bronze medalists.

Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four was a rowing event held as part of the Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics but had been replaced by coxless four at the 1904 and 1908 Games. The standard coxed four event allowed for outriggers, while another event was held in 1912 for boats with inriggers. The competition was held from 17 to 19 July 1912.

Fifty six rowers (11 boats) from nine nations competed. Germany replaced their coxswain, maybe the Danish Polyteknisk replaced a rower, but this possible change is not counted.
Bahçeköy, Düzce
Bahçeköy is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 788 (2022). Mostly populated by Kurds, the village is located near the Small Melen River and has a lot of grassland, where most of the cattles are brought to in the summer period. Most villagers and people from the nearby Paşakonağı and Yenitaşköprü have cattle farms. The village has a primary school.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Anne Veesaar
Anne Veesaar (1985-1989 Pabut, 1992-2007 Elling; born on 4 July 1957 in Valga, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Estonian actress.

In 1980 she graduated from Tallinn State Conservatory's performing arts department. From 1980 until 1989, she worked at the Rakvere Theatre, and from 1989 until 2004, at the Vanalinnastuudio in Tallinn. From 2002 until 2004, she was the head of Vanalinnastuudio. Later, she has been a freelance actress. Besides stage roles she has also participated on films and television series.

Valga, Estonia
Valga (German: Walk; Latvian: Valka) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County and Valga Parish. Until their separation in 1920, Valga and the town of Valka in northern Latvia were one town. They are now twin-towns. The area of Valga is 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 square miles). The population is 12,261. On 21 December 2007 all border-crossing points were removed and roads and fences opened between the two countries with both countries joining the Schengen Agreement.
Parent-infant psychotherapy
Psychodynamic Therapy with Infants and Parents (abbr. PTIP) aims to relieve emotional disturbances within the parent(s), the baby, and/or their interaction, for example, postnatal depression and anxiety, infant distress with breastfeeding and sleep, and attachment disorders. It rests on attachment theory and psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud suggested that a modification of his method could be applied to children, and child analysis was introduced in the 1920s by [Anna Freud].., [Melanie Klein], and Hermine Hug von Hellmuth. Klein speculated on infantile experiences to understand her patients' disorders but she did not practice PTIP. Donald Winnicott, a pediatrician and analyst, focused on the mother-baby interplay in his theorizing and his brief parent-child consultations, but he did not work with PTIP.

Selma Fraiberg
Selma Fraiberg (March 8, 1918 – December 19, 1981) was an American child psychoanalyst, author and social worker.

At the time of her death, Fraiberg was a professor of child psychoanalysis at the University of California, San Francisco and a clinician who devoted her career to helping troubled children. She was also professor emeritus of child psychoanalysis at the University of Michigan Medical School, where she had taught from 1963 to 1979, and had also been director of the Child Developmental Project in Washtenaw County, Mich., for children with emotional problems.
Colm Mangan
Lieutenant General Colm Mangan was Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces from September 2000 until February 2004.

Mangan joined the Defence Forces as a cadet in 1960 and is cited as having "overseen major strategic initiatives in the key areas of state defence, provision of peace support and government support services, equipment and infrastructual modernisations programmes and human resource management."

He oversaw the deployment of Irish troops to East Timor (1999–2002), Kosovo (1999-), Eritrea 2001-2003 and Liberia (2003-). He was awarded the Legion of Merit by the United States in September 2003, and the Cross of Honor in Gold by Germany in January 2004. In recognition of his service to the Defence Forces and the nation, the Irish government awarded him the Distinguished Service Medal (with honour) on Thursday 19 February 2004. He was succeeded by Lt. General James Sreenan in February 2004.

Distinguished Service Medal (Ireland)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) (Irish: An Bonn Seirbhíse Dearscna) is a military decoration issued by the Irish Government, created to recognize individual acts of courage, leadership, resourcefulness, or devotion to duty by a member of the Irish Defence Forces.

Recipients are entitled to use of the post-nominals BSD, the Irish abbreviation of the medal's name.

The Distinguished Service Medal is the second-highest military honour presented by the Republic of Ireland, second only to the Military Medal for Gallantry (An Bonn Míleata Calmachta). Unlike the Military Medal for Gallantry, the Distinguished Service Medal can be awarded either for meritorious actions, or for an act of heroism.