hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wound response in plants
Plants are constantly exposed to different stresses that result in wounding. Plants have adapted to defend themselves against wounding events, like herbivore attacks or environmental stresses. There are many defense mechanisms that plants rely on to help fight off pathogens and subsequent infections. Wounding responses can be local, like the deposition of callose, and others are systemic, which involve a variety of hormones like jasmonic acid and abscisic acid.

Callose
Callose is a plant polysaccharide. Its production is due to the glucan synthase-like gene (GLS) in various places within a plant. It is produced to act as a temporary cell wall in response to stimuli such as stress or damage. Callose is composed of glucose residues linked together through β-1,3-linkages, and is termed a β-glucan. It is thought to be manufactured at the cell wall by callose synthases and is degraded by β-1,3-glucanases. Callose is very important for the permeability of plasmodesmata (Pd) in plants; the plant's permeability is regulated by plasmodesmata callose (PDC). PDC is made by callose synthases and broken down by β-1,3-glucanases (BGs). The amount of callose that is built up at the plasmodesmatal neck, which is brought about by the interference of callose synthases (CalSs) and β-1,3-glucanases, determines the conductivity of the plasmodesmata.
Bannu Economic Zone
The Bannu Economic Zone (Pashto: بنو اقتصادی زون; Urdu: بنوں اکنامک زون) or BEZ constitutes a pivotal component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. Situated in the region of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it holds prominence as one of the 17 economic zones designated for creation by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government under the overarching CPEC framework. Commencing with an initial land area encompassing approximately 408 acres, the first phase of the zone's development has successfully concluded.

Bannu
Bannu (Urdu: بنوں, romanized: bannū̃, pronounced [bənːũː] ⓘ), also called Bani Gul or Bani (Pashto: باني, romanized: bānī, pronounced [ˈbɑni] ⓘ) is a city located on the Kurram River in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the capital of Bannu Division. Bannu's residents are primarily members of the Banuchi tribe and speak Banuchi (Baniswola), a dialect of Pashto which is similar to the distinct Waziristani dialect. The residents regardless of their tribes are commonly called Banusi, Banuchi or Banisi.

The major industries of Bannu are cloth weaving, sugar mills and the manufacturing of cotton fabrics, machinery and equipment. It is famous for its weekly Jumma fair. The district forms a basin drained by the Kurram and Gambila (or Tochi) rivers.
H.S. Pledge & Sons Ltd
H. S. Pledge & Sons Ltd was a business engaged in the milling industry. The firm was started by Henry Sturgess Pledge who learnt his trade at the Black Mill at Barham near Canterbury in Kent. The company operated at Ashford until 1984 when its remaining mill was destroyed by fire.

Barham, Kent
Barham /ˈbærəm/ ⓘ BARR-əm is a village and civil parish in the City of Canterbury district of Kent, England. Barham village is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Canterbury and 8 miles (13 km) north from Folkestone.
White Lies (Jason & the Scorchers song)
"White Lies" is a single by Jason & the Scorchers. Produced by Terry Manning, it was the second track on their 1985 album, Lost & Found. "White Lies" was released by EMI America, on 12-inch vinyl.

The B-side, "Are You Ready for the Country", is a cover of a Neil Young song.

EMI America Records
EMI America Records was launched in 1978 by EMI as their second label in the United States after Capitol Records, relying on Capitol only for pressing, distribution, and international liaison.

In 1987, EMI America merged with Manhattan Records, resulting in the formation of EMI Manhattan Records. This entity underwent a rebranding in 1989, becoming known as EMI USA. In 1991, it joined the EMI Records Group North America (ERG) under the name EMI Records USA. The label was ultimately closed down in 1997, and its artists were split between Virgin Records America (acquired by Thorn EMI in 1992) and Capitol Records.

Since 2013, its catalog has been managed by Universal Music Group following their acquisition of EMI's recorded music division.
Aquatic locomotion
Aquatic locomotion or swimming is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium. Swimming by different mechanisms has evolved repeatedly in organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Many single-celled organisms including bacteria and ciliates use motile organelles, cilia or flagella, while others use pseudopodia, temporary projections of the cell body powered by the cytoskeletal protein actin. Larger organisms may swim by undulating their bodies, as in many fish and worms; by jet propulsion, as in cephalopods such as squid; or by moving flippers like wings, as in sea turtles.

Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. It is similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by airplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a craft gains speed, the hydrofoils lift the boat's hull out of the water, decreasing drag and allowing greater speeds.
Juan Domingo Cabrera
Juan Domingo Patricio Cabrera (18 June 1952 — 3 September 2007) was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

On 20 October 1976, while playing for Talleres de Córdoba against Argentinos Juniors in the Argentine Primera División, Cabrera faced 15-year-old Diego Maradona who was making his professional debut. A few minutes into the game, Maradona kicked the ball through Cabrera's legs. Thirty years later, Cabrera remembered: "I was on the right side of the field and went to press him, but he didn't give me a chance. He made the nutmeg and when I turned around, he was far away from me".

Argentinos Juniors
Asociación Atlética Argentinos Juniors is an Argentine sports club based in La Paternal, Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Argentine Primera División, and was recognized as one of the most important football teams of South America by FIFA. It is one of the eight Argentine first division teams that have won the Copa Libertadores. The continental trophy was won in the club's first entry to the contest, in 1985.

Nevertheless the most remarkable sign of Argentinos Juniors has been the talented players emerged from its youth divisions, with Diego Maradona as the greatest example of all. This earned the club the nickname semillero del mundo ("seedbed of the world"). As a result, it has been described as "one of Argentina's most distinctive football clubs".
Dennis Murphy (journalist)
Dennis Murphy is an American television journalist and winner of four national Emmy Awards for excellence in news reporting, known for regular contributions to Dateline NBC, NBC Nightly News, The Today Show and NBC News at Sunrise.

Murphy began his career as an NBC News correspondent in 1982 at the Burbank, California bureau. In 1988 he covered the Democratic presidential primaries and was NBC's traveling correspondent on the Bush campaign.

Since May 1994, Murphy has been a correspondent with Dateline NBC. He won an Emmy for a report on revolution in Romania in 1989.

1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, in Atlanta, Georgia.
1974 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1974 Pacific Southwest Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was categorized as an AA Group tournament and was part of the 1974 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 48th edition of the tournament and ran from September 16 through September 22, 1974. First-seeded and defending champion Jimmy Connors won the singles title after having survived two matchpoints in his first round match against Mal Anderson. With his victory Connors earned $16,000 first prize money as well as 80 Grand Prix ranking points.

Los Angeles Tennis Club
The Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC) is a private tennis club opened in 1920 that was the host of the Pacific Southwest Championships from 1927 until 1974 and 1980 until 1983. It is located at 5851 Clinton Street, between Wilcox and Rossmore, one block south of Melrose Avenue.  It is currently the home of the Southern California Championships.
Arnold Mikelson
Arnold Mikelson (1922–1984) was a Latvian artist who specialized in wood carvings. Starting in 1947, he was chief designer for Royal Crown Derby Porcelain of England, before working as an architectural draftsman for a number of years. In the late 1960s, he took up carving full-time. Mikelson's work includes the design of the Mind and Matter Gallery in White Rock, British Columbia. He had commissions from the forestry giant MacMillan Bloedel (now Weyerhaeuser Canada), the Province of British Columbia and the City of Surrey.

MacMillan Bloedel
MacMillan Bloedel Limited was a Canadian forestry company headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia. The company was formed in 1951 as MacMillan and Bloedel through the merger of Bloedel, Stewart and Welch with the H. R. MacMillan Export Company. MacMillan and Bloedel then merged in 1959 with the Powell River Company to form MacMillan, Bloedel and Powell River, before adopting its final name in 1966. It was acquired by Weyerhaeuser in 1999.
RiverTV
RiverTV is a Canadian over-the-top media service (OTT) streaming television service owned by VMedia that launched on June 4, 2020. RiverTV is a virtual multichannel video programming distributor (vMVPD), primarily offering Canadian specialty channels and video on demand content.

The service initially launched in a closed beta on May 4, 2020 before releasing publicly in June with a free 7-day trial offer for new subscribers.

RiverTV is the first standalone Live TV service to launch in Canada; StackTV, a streaming package offered by Corus Entertainment that functions similarly, launched the previous year in 2019.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Ray Redshaw
Ray Redshaw (born 23 December 1958) is an English former professional footballer.

Redshaw played for many teams which included Leeds United, Wigan Athletic, Hyde United, Salford City, Southport, Macclesfield Town, Northwich Victoria, Accrington Stanley, Chorley, Horwich RMI, Radcliffe Borough and in New Zealand with Papatoetoe.

Redshaw played at Wigan Athletic with the likes of Paul Jewell, Mike Newell and Steve Walsh in the mid 1980s and made his debut against West Brom in 1984.

Redshaw also represented England at C level.

Redshaw has two sons who became professional footballers; Mark and Jack.

Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891)
Accrington Stanley was an English football club based in Accrington, Lancashire. Established in 1891, the club played in the Football League between 1921 and 1962, when the club became the second to resign from the League mid-season. The club went into liquidation in 1966. They played at Peel Park.
Nagisa (harpist)
Nagisa or Nakisa was a noted harpist and composer of Sasanian music in the royal court of Khosrow II (r. 590–628). She was singing in this court.

Nizami  mentioned her in his book Khosrow and Shirin.  Amir Khosrow Dehlavi mentioned her  in another story of Shirin and Khosrow.

Khosrow and Shirin
Khosrow and Shirin (Persian: خسرو و شیرین, romanized: Xusraw u Šīrīn) is a romantic epic poem by Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209). It is the second work of his set of five poems known collectively as Khamsa. It tells a highly elaborated fictional version of the story of the love of Khosrow II for the Christian Shirin, who became the queen consort of the Sasanian Empire. The essential narrative is a romantic tale of Persian origin which was already well known from the great historical epic poem, the Shahnameh, as well as Persian writers and popular tales; other works have the same title. Variants of the story were also told under the title Shirin and Farhad (شیرین و فرهاد).
Potamon fluviatile
Potamon fluviatile is a freshwater crab found in or near wooded streams, rivers and lakes in Southern Europe. It is an omnivore with broad ecological tolerances, and adults typically reach 50 mm (2 in) in size during their 10–12 year lifespan. They inhabit burrows and are aggressive, apparently outcompeting native crayfish.

P. fluviatile has been harvested for food since classical antiquity, and is now threatened by overexploitation. Many of the island populations are particularly vulnerable, and the Maltese subspecies has become a conservation icon. A population in Rome may have been brought there before the founding of the Roman Empire.

Andros
Andros (Greek: Άνδρος, pronounced [ˈanðros]) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Euboea, and about 3 km (2 mi) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 mi) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km (10 mi). It is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. The municipality, which includes the island Andros and several small, uninhabited islands, has an area of 380 km2 (147 sq mi). The largest towns are Andros, Gavrio, Batsi, and Ormos Korthiou.

Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, was built into a steep hillside, and the breakwater of its harbor can still be seen underwater. At the village of Apoikia, there is the notable spring of Sariza, where the water flows from a sculpted stone lion's head. Andros also offers hiking options with many new paths being added each year.
King Monada
Khutso Steven Kgatle, better known by his stage name King Monada, is a South African singer, comedian
songwriter, and record producer. He rose to fame after the release of his 2016 single "Ska Bhora Moreki" and "Malwedhe" (2018), which peaked #9 iTunes Chart and #54 Apple Music Chart. He is known for singing in the Khelobedu language, which are local dialects of Northern Sotho.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Dowager Island
Dowager Island is an island in the North Coast region of British Columbia. To its west is Finlayson Channel, to it east Mathieson Channel. Susan Island lies to its north and Lady Douglas Island to its south. James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791-95 expedition, first charted its west and east coasts in 1793. It was named by Captain Daniel Pender during his 1867-70 survey of the region.

George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/; 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for leading the Vancouver Expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of what became the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California. The expedition also explored the Hawaiian Islands and the southwest coast of Australia.

Various places named for Vancouver include Vancouver Island, the city of Vancouver in British Columbia, Vancouver River on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Vancouver, Washington, in the United States, Mount Vancouver on the Canadian–US border between Yukon and Alaska, and New Zealand's fourth-highest mountain, also Mount Vancouver.
Esmond Kentish
Esmond Seymour Maurice Kentish (21 November 1916 – 10 June 2011) was a West Indian  international cricketer who played in two Test matches from 1948 to 1954.

He was born in Cornwall Mountain, Westmoreland, Jamaica, and attended Cornwall College in Montego Bay,. and Mico Teachers' Training College in Kingston. He was Deputy Governor of the Bank of Jamaica.

Montego Bay
Montego Bay (Jamaican Patois: Mobay or Muhbay) is the capital of the parish of St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, after Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore, all of which form the Greater Kingston Metropolitan Area, home to more than half a million people. As a result, Montego Bay is the second-largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston.

Montego Bay is a popular tourist destination featuring duty-free shopping, a cruise line terminal and several beaches and resorts. The city is served by the Donald Sangster International Airport, the busiest airport in the Anglophone Caribbean, which is located within the official city limits. The city is enclosed in a watershed, drained by several rivers such as the Montego River. Montego Bay is referred to as "The Second City", "MoBay" or "Bay".
Jim Trakas
James Peter Trakas (born May 5, 1965) is an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1999 to 2006. He was the Republican nominee for the United States House of Representatives in Ohio's 10th congressional district in 2008.

Ohio's 10th congressional district
Ohio's 10th congressional district is represented by Representative Mike Turner (R). The district is based in southwestern Ohio and consists of Montgomery County, Greene County, and a portion of Clark County. The cities of Dayton, Centerville, Xenia, and Springfield are part of the district.
Bang Khen subdistrict
Bang Khen (Thai: บางเขน, pronounced [bāːŋ kʰěːn]) is one of the ten subdistricts (tambon) of Mueang Nonthaburi District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The subdistrict is bounded by (clockwise from north) Tha Sai, Thung Song Hong, Lat Yao, Wong Sawang, Suan Yai, Talat Khwan and Bang Kraso subdistricts. The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by Nonthaburi City Municipality (เทศบาลนครนนทบุรี). In 2020, it had a total population of 42,600 people.

Lat Yao subdistrict, Bangkok
Lat Yao (Thai: ลาดยาว, pronounced [lâːt jāːw]) is a khwaeng (subdistrict) of Chatuchak District, in Bangkok, Thailand. In 2020, it had a total population of 41,238 people.

Its name "Lat Yao" comes from a khlong (canal) in the same name that runs through this area. Lat Yao used to occupy the entire area of Chatuchak. Until in late 2003, the subdistrict was divided into five subdistricts, as in the present.
Oglethorpe Hotel
The Oglethorpe Hotel, located in downtown Brunswick, Georgia, was designed in 1888 by architect J. A. Wood and named after James Oglethorpe. It was built on top of the previous Oglethorpe House, which was burned during the Civil War. It was constructed of brick and had three main levels. The building was capped by conical towers at the corners and in the center.

In Brunswick, Wood would go on to design the Mahoney-McGarvey House in 1891 continuing his Carpenter Gothic style of design. For the town of Brunswick, the Oglethorpe was a constant source of celebration and pride in southern traditions and values. It was built during a time of growing economic prosperity and increasing profits from global naval stores exports. The hotel remained in operation until 1958 when it was torn down and replaced with a Holiday Inn. Eventually the Holiday Inn would fall too and the empty lot in Brunswick's downtown would be called the "Oglethorpe Block."

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Health in France
Life expectancy in France at birth was 81 years in 2008. A new measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1990 to 2016 and defined for each birth cohort as the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by the Lancet in September 2018. France had the ninth highest level of expected human capital with 25 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Antoine de Lonhy
Antoine de Lonhy (fl. circa 1446–1490) was a painter, illuminator and designer of stained glass windows.

He received training in Burgundy, where he was also active as an artist before moving to Toulouse, Barcelona and later Savoy. He decorated the Saluces Hours, a book of hours currently in the British Library. In Barcelona, he designed an altarpiece and a rose window for the church of Santa Maria del Mar.

Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona
Santa Maria del Mar (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsantə məˈɾi.ə ðəl ˈmaɾ], "Saint Mary of the Sea") is a church in the Ribera district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, built between 1329 and 1383 at the height of Principality of Catalonia's maritime and mercantile preeminence. It is an outstanding example of Catalan Gothic, with a purity and unity of style that is very unusual in large medieval buildings.