hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VIPS
VIPS or Vips may stand for:

Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, a college in Delhi, India

VIPS (software) image processing software

Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, a group of current and former officials of the United States Intelligence Community

Volunteers in Police Service, a volunteer program that provides volunteer assistance to local police

VIPs (film), a 2010 Brazilian film

"VIPs", an episode of Squid Game

VIP's (American restaurant), a former restaurant chain based in Salem, Oregon, U.S.

VIPS (South Korean restaurant), a restaurant chain based in South Korea

Vips (Mexican restaurant), a restaurant chain owned by Alsea, previously owned by Walmart de México, also found in Spain

Jüri Vips (born 2000), Estonian racing driver

Marcelo VIPs (1976–2025), Brazilian businessman, consultant and speaker

VIP's (American restaurant)
VIP's, alternatively written Vip's, was a restaurant chain in the Western United States that operated from 1968 until the late 1980s, based in Salem, Oregon.  With more than 50 locations, it was once the largest restaurant chain based in Oregon. It was a Denny's-style restaurant, a type that was commonly known at that time as a "coffee shop" but is now more commonly known as a casual dining restaurant.  Most restaurants were located near freeways and were open 24 hours. At its peak, the chain had locations in five states:  Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada and northern California.
Hauptman
Hauptman is a surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Andrej Hauptman (born 1975), Slovenian cyclist

Andrew Hauptman (born 1969), American business executive, philanthropist, and civic leader

Bruno Hauptman (1899–1936), German-born carpenter, executed for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh's baby

Dušan Hauptman (born 1960), Slovenian basketball player

Herbert A. Hauptman (1917–2011), American mathematician and Nobel laureate

Jodi Hauptman (born 1964), American art historian and curator

Judith Hauptman (born 1943), American feminist Talmudic scholar

Katherine Hauptman (born 1970), Swedish archaeologist and museum researcher

Kyle S. Hauptman (born 1973), American civil servant

Laurence M. Hauptman, American historian

Micah Hauptman (born 1973), American actor

Susan Hauptman (1947–2015), American artist

William Hauptman (born 1942), American writer

Katherine Hauptman
Katherine Hauptman (born 1970) is a Swedish archaeologist and museum researcher. In April 2018, she was appointed director of the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm, one of Sweden's largest museums. She has a doctorate in archaeology and has previously worked as a researcher at the History Museum. In 2022 she was appointed director of the planned Swedish museum about the Holocaust.
Jatun Pinguilluni
Jatun Pinguilluni (possibly from Quechua hatun big, pinkillu a kind of flute, Aymara -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a big pinkillu") is a mountain in the Carabaya mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, on the border of the districts Ajoyani and Coasa. Jatun Pinguilluni lies southeast of a lake named  Pampacocha.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
2011 Rijeka Open – Doubles
Adil Shamasdin and Lovro Zovko were the defending champions, but Shamasdin decided not to participate.
Zovko played alongside Dino Marcan. They reached the final, but Paolo Lorenzi and Júlio Silva defeated them 6–3, 6–2.

Paolo Lorenzi
Paolo Lorenzi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpaːolo loˈrɛntsi]; born 15 December 1981) is an Italian former professional tennis player and former Italian number 1. He was coached by Claudio Galoppini. At the age of 34 years and seven months, Lorenzi became the oldest first-time champion in ATP history when he won the title at the 2016 Generali Open Kitzbühel.
Reduced enamel epithelium
The reduced enamel epithelium, sometimes called reduced dental epithelium, overlies a developing tooth and is formed by two layers: a layer of ameloblast cells and the adjacent layer of cuboidal cells (outer enamel epithelium) from the dental lamina.  As the cells of the reduced enamel epithelium degenerate, the tooth is revealed progressively with its eruption into the mouth.  The degeneration of reduced enamel epithelium also mediates the initial epithelial attachment to the tooth, which is called the junctional epithelium.

The reduced enamel epithelium consist of:

Inner enamel epithelium

Outer enamel epithelium

Outer enamel epithelium
The outer enamel epithelium, also known as the external enamel epithelium, is a layer of cuboidal cells located on the periphery of the enamel organ in a developing tooth.  This layer is first seen during the bell stage.

The rim of the enamel organ, where the outer and inner enamel epithelium join is called the cervical loop.
Burton's Biscuit Company
Burton's Biscuit Company is a British biscuit manufacturer. It is recognised in the United Kingdom as the second-biggest supplier of biscuits. The company was formed by the merger of Burton's Gold Medal Biscuits and Horizon Biscuit Company in October 2000. It re-branded from Burton's Foods to Burton's Biscuit Company in November 2011. It employs over 2,200 people around the UK, in three main manufacturing facilities, Llantarnam, Edinburgh and Blackpool, a chocolate refinery in Moreton, and a central distribution hub in Liverpool. Its head office is in St Albans.

Burton's is the UK's second biggest biscuit maker and many of its products are sold globally.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
German submarine U-2506
German submarine U-2506 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. The submarine was laid down on 29 May 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 5 August 1944, and commissioned on 31 August 1944 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Horst von Schroeter, who commanded her until 9 May 1945. U-2506 conducted no patrols, and surrendered on 9 May 1945 in Bergen, Norway. She was then transferred to Lerwick on 18 June 1945, then Lisahally on 21 June 1945. She was sunk on 5 January 1946 at 55°37′N 07°30′W﻿ / ﻿55.617°N 7.500°W﻿ / 55.617; -7.500.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Keramat Iskandar Shah
Keramat Iskandar Shah, alternatively known as Keramat Sultan Iskandar Shah, is a monumental cenotaph and former religious shrine located at Fort Canning Hill, a prominent hill and park located in the Central Area, Singapore. It is attributed to Parameswara of Malacca (known in Malay legend as Iskandar Shah) as his purported burial place, a claim which has been challenged by historians.

Parameswara of Malacca
Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of the Malacca Sultanate. According to the Malay Annals, he ruled Singapura from 1389 to 1398. The king fled the island kingdom after a Majapahit naval invasion in 1398 and founded his new stronghold on the mouth of Bertam river in 1402. Within decades, the new city grew rapidly to become the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. Portuguese accounts however, written a hundred years after his death, suggest he was from Palembang in Sumatra and usurped the throne of Singapura; he was driven out, either by Siam or Majapahit, and went on to found Malacca.
Enéas Carneiro
Enéas Ferreira Carneiro (Portuguese: [eˈnɛ(jj)ɐs feˈʁejɾɐ kaʁˈnejɾu]; November 5, 1938 — May 6, 2007) was a Brazilian polymath, cardiologist, physicist, mathematician, professor, writer, military serviceman and politician. He represented the state of São Paulo in the National Chamber of Deputies (the lower house of the National Congress) and ran for presidency three times. He was founder and leader of the nationalist and conservative Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (PRONA), which was usually seen as being far-right. Although Enéas rejected the left-right dichotomy, as they were "sides of the same coin", defining himself only as a nationalist.

Left–right political spectrum
The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions, ideologies and parties, with emphasis placed upon issues of social equality and social hierarchy. In addition to positions on the left and on the right, there are centrist and moderate positions, which are not strongly aligned with either end of the spectrum. It originated during the French Revolution based on the seating in the French National Assembly.

On this type of political spectrum, left-wing politics and right-wing politics are often presented as opposed, although a particular individual or group may take a left-wing stance on one matter and a right-wing stance on another; and some stances may overlap and be considered either left-wing or right-wing depending on the ideology. In France, where the terms originated, the left has been called "the party of movement" or liberal, and the right "the party of order" or conservative.
HAVCR2
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 (TIM-3) gene. HAVCR2 was first described in 2002 as a cell surface molecule expressed on IFNγ producing CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells. Later, the expression was detected in Th17 cells, regulatory T-cells, and innate immune cells (dendritic cells, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages). HAVCR2 receptor is a regulator of the immune response.

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.
German submarine U-197
German submarine U-197 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 5 July 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1043. She was launched on 21 May 1942, and commissioned on 10 October under the command of Korvettenkapitän Robert Bartels. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, U-197 was transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 April 1943.

Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau
Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft (abbreviated Deschimag) was a cooperation of eight German shipyards in the period 1926 to 1945. The leading company was the shipyard AG Weser in Bremen.
Saree, Idlib
Saree, Idlib (Arabic: صريع)  is a Syrian village located in Sinjar Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Saree, Idlib had a population of 404 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Formigas
Formigas Islets (Portuguese: Ilhéus das Formigas [fuɾˈmiɣɐʃ]; lit. 'Islets of the Ants'), sometimes referred to as the Formigas Bank, are a group of uninhabited rocky outcroppings in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago, an autonomous region of Portugal. The bank is located 43 kilometres (27 mi) northeast of Santa Maria and southeast of São Miguel, covering a surface area of approximately 9,000 square metres (97,000 sq ft). The submerged Dollabarat Reef is in the same area. The only structure on the islets is a lighthouse located on Formigão (Big Ant), the largest islet.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Floods in Malaysia
Floods in Malaysia are one of the most regular natural disasters affecting the country, which occurs nearly every year especially during the monsoon season. The coasts of peninsular Malaysia are the most prone to flooding especially during the northeast monsoon season from October to March.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
Abd al-Shakur-i Ayat
Abd al-Shakur-i Ayat (Persian: عبد الشکورِ آیت: 1817/18–1889) was a qazi (religious judge) in the Emirate of Bukhara. From 1879 until his death, he served as the qazi kalan (chief justice) of the entire emirate. He was the father of Sadr-i Ziya, and grandfather of Muhammadjon Shakuri.

Muhammadjon Shakuri
Muhammadjon Shakuri (Tajik: Муҳаммадҷон Шакурӣ, Persian: محمدجان شکوری; February 1925, in Bukhara – September 16, 2012, in Dushanbe), also known as Muhammad Sharifovich Shukurov, was a prominent Tajik intellectual and one of the notable literary figures of the Persian language of the 20th century. From the late 1980s, during glasnost, he cultivated an interest in the theory of modern Tajik culture, and he published copiously on the issues of the history and contemporary conditions of the Tajik language, literature, and culture during the independence period after 1991.

Among his main works is a Tajiki-Persian dictionary. He also had a significant role in preserving Tajik identity.
Arne Simonsen
Arne Simonsen (born 1941) is a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Haugesund, and graduated as cand.mag. from the University of Bergen. He worked as a civil servant in Bergen municipality, the Norwegian Central Information Service, the Ministry of Church and Education, and the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. From September 1992 to June 1993 he was a political advisor for the Minister of Social Affairs in the third cabinet Brundtland.

In 1993 he was appointed director of the Norwegian Central Information Service (Statens Informasjonstjeneste), succeeding Odd Strand who had reached the age limit. The Norwegian Central Information Service no longer exists, as it was merged into Statskonsult in 2001.

Third Brundtland cabinet
Brundtland's Third Cabinet was a minority, Labour Government of Norway.  It succeeded the H-Sp-KrF Cabinet Syse, and sat between 3 November 1990 and 25 October 1996. It was replaced by the Labour Cabinet Jagland.  The cabinet was active during two parliaments, both 1989–93 and 1993–97. Brundtlands third cabinet had the following composition.
Roger Lawson Gamble
Roger Lawson Gamble (1787 – December 20, 1847) was a United States representative and lawyer from Georgia.

Born near Louisville, in 1787, Gamble studied law, was admitted to the state bar in 1815 and began practicing law in Louisville. He was an officer in the War of 1812. Gamble served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1814 and 1815.

Gamble was elected in 1832 as a Jacksonian to the 23rd United States Congress and served one term from March 4, 1833, until March 3, 1835, as he unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1834. He was elected to the U.S. House again as a Whig to represent Georgia in the 27th U.S. Congress and served one term from March 4, 1841, until March 3, 1843, as his lost his reelection bid for a second term in that seat in 1842. From 1845 to 1847, Gamble served as a judge of the superior court of Georgia. He died in Augusta, Georgia, on December 20, 1847, and was buried in Old Capitol Cemetery in Louisville.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Forest Home Cemetery
Forest Home Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery and arboretum located in the Lincoln Village neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and is the burial place of many of the city's famed beer barons, politicians and social elite. Both the cemetery and its Landmark Chapel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and were declared a Milwaukee Landmark in 1973.

The cemetery is run by a non-profit organization held in public trust. Profits from each sale are reinvested to insure continual care of the buildings and land. Its Victorian landscape contains over 100 species of trees, along with many ornate statues, crypts and monuments.

Wisconsin State Legislature
The Wisconsin State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house, Wisconsin State Senate, and the lower Wisconsin State Assembly, both of which have had Republican majorities since January 2011. With both houses combined, the legislature has 132 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. The legislature convenes at the state capitol in Madison.

The current sitting is the 107th Wisconsin Legislature.
Chronology of Gabon
The African nation of Gabon has had human inhabitants for perhaps 400,000 years. Bantu peoples settled here from the 11th century. The coastline first became known to Europeans through Portuguese and Dutch sailors. Colonised by the French in the 19th century, Gabon became independent in 1960.

Air Gabon
Air Gabon was the national, state-owned airline of Gabon, operating out of Libreville International Airport to a variety of destinations across western and southern Africa, as well as to Europe.
Founded in 1951, the airline went bankrupt in 2006.
Lysov
Lysov (feminine:Lysova) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Lysov (sledge hockey) (born 1976), Russian sledge hockey player

Aleksey Lysov (footballer) (born 2005), Russian football player

Ihor Lysov (born 1958), Ukrainian politician, M.P.

Ioann Lysov, Russian name of Joann Lõssov (1921–2000), Soviet and Estonian basketball player

Mikhail Lysov (1998), Russian football player

Mikhalina Lysova (born 1992), Russian skier and biathlete

Sergey Lysov (born 1963), Soviet and Russian actor

Tatyana Lysova (born 1968), Russian journalist and media manager

Mikhalina Lysova
Mikhalina Anatolyevna Lysova (Russian: Михалина Анатольевна Лысова; born 29 March 1992) is a Russian visually impaired cross-country skier and biathlete. She has represented Russia at the Paralympics in 2010 and in 2014 competing in the cross-country skiing and biathlon events. She progressed to become one of the most consistent Paralympics Nordic skiers of Russia as she claimed 16 medals in her Paralympic career including 6 gold medals. She was also the recipient of the Order ''For Merit to the Fatherland'' and Order of Friendship awards.
Kalathukadavu
Kalathukadavu is a village abutting the Meenachil river in Kottayam district of Kerala, India.  Kalathukadavu is situated between Erattupetta and Thodupuzha on a state highway. The main landmarks are St. John Vianney Church and St. Alphonsa Lower Primary school. A farming village known for cultivation of cash crops and rubber, it is emerging as a popular residential neighbourhood, with a plethora of shops selling building materials and all kinds of consumables. A bridge across the main tributary of Meenachil river connects Kalathukadavu with Moonnilavu and Chakiniyamthadam. The nearby places from here are Elappunkal, Erattupetta, Palai, Thodupuzha, Melukavu, Monkombu, Thalanadu and Chakiniyamthadam

Pallai
Pallai (Tamil: பளை, Sinhala: පල්ලෙයි), also spelt Palai, is a small town in the Kilinochchi District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The town is located under the division of the Pachilaipally Divisional Secretary and is administered by the Pachilaipally Pradeshiya Sabha.

It is located near the coast on the northern peninsula, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of Jaffna.

In 1861 the Church Mission Society sent Rev. John Backus to Pallai to establish a Christian community in the town. This led to the construction and dedication of St. Andrew's Church on 30 November 1895.

In 1921 the government declared a 4.25 square kilometres (2 sq mi) area adjacent to the town as a forest reserve.
Cressdnaviricota
Cressdnaviricota is a phylum of viruses with small, circular single-stranded DNA genomes and encoding rolling circle replication-initiation proteins with the N-terminal HUH endonuclease and C-terminal superfamily 3 helicase domains. While the replication-associated proteins are homologous among viruses within the phylum, the capsid proteins are very diverse and have presumably been acquired from RNA viruses on multiple independent occasions. Nevertheless, all cressdnaviruses for which structural information is available appear to contain the jelly-roll fold.

Jelly roll fold
The jelly roll or Swiss roll fold is a protein fold or supersecondary structure composed of eight beta strands arranged in two four-stranded sheets. The name of the structure was introduced by Jane S. Richardson in 1981, reflecting its resemblance to the jelly or Swiss roll cake. The fold is an elaboration on the Greek key motif and is sometimes considered a form of beta barrel. It is very common in viral proteins, particularly viral capsid proteins. Taken together, the jelly roll and Greek key structures comprise around 30% of the all-beta proteins annotated in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database.