hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mehmet Nadir Ünal
Mehmet Nadir Ünal (born 13 January 1993) is a Turkish kickboxer specialized in the K-1 event, and amateur boxer competing in the light heavyweight (-81 kg) division. He is a member of Fenerbahçe Boxing in Istanbul.

Ünal was born in Adana on 13 January 1993.  He moved with his family to Konya, where he began boxing at age of 14.

He won the bronze medal in the K-1 event at the 2012 WAKO European Senior Kickboxing Championships in Ankara, Turkey.

He earned a quota spot for 2016 Summer Olympics after taking a bronze medal at the 2016 European Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament in Samsun, Turkey.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Marshall Field's
Marshall Field & Company (colloquially Marshall Field's) was an American department store chain founded in 1852 by Potter Palmer. After joining the partnership in 1865, Marshall Field rose in Palmer's initial retail establishment and then developed it into a grand and innovative shopping destination in the late 1800s. It was based in Chicago, Illinois, and grew to become a large chain in the United States before Macy's, Inc. acquired it in 2005.

The company's flagship Marshall Field and Company Building on State Street in the Chicago Loop is a National Landmark for its importance in the history of retail. It was officially branded Macy's on State Street in 2006, when it became one of Macy's flagship stores but retains its historic nameplates and fixtures.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Adashev
Adashev (Russian: Ада́шев; masculine) or Adasheva (Ада́шева; feminine) is a Russian last name.

There are three theories regarding the origins of this last name. The most plausible one relates it to a Turkic word adaš, meaning namesake, comrade, friend. It is also possible that this last name derives from nickname "Адаш" (Adash), itself derived from a Vologda and Yaroslavl dialectal word "адать" (adat), meaning to cry, to yell. Finally, it could have developed from the diminutive forms of the Christian first names Adrian and Adam.

People with the last name

Alexey Adashev, friend of Tsar Ivan the Terrible involved in the creation of the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible

Rajab Adashev, who starred in Abdullajon, a 1991 Uzbek science fiction comedy

Zarrukh Adashev, Uzbek mixed martial artist

Abdullajon
Abdullajon or Abdulladzhan, ili posvyashchaetsya Stivenu Spilbergu (transliteration of the Russian title of the film meaning "Abdullajon or Dedicated to Steven Spielberg") is a 1991 Uzbek science fiction comedy film directed by Zulfiqor Musoqov. Abdullajon is the first Uzbek science fiction film and is considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest Uzbek film made in post-Soviet Uzbekistan.

The film contains references to science fiction films of Steven Spielberg. The story is told in the first person by a security guard as a letter to Spielberg in broken, but humorous Russian. Most of the characters in the film speak in Uzbek.
Revoicer
A revoicer provides communication assistance by carefully listening to the speech patterns uttered by an individual with a speech disability, using lipreading (speechreading) and attention to other cues if necessary for full understanding of the utterances, and then repeats the same words in a manner that is more clear and understandable to the listener. Revoicers generally have excellent skills in auditory phonetic/phonemic pattern recognition similar to those utilized by a court reporter or stenographer, to identify the sounds of speech (phonemic sounds) of the speaker.

Court reporter
A court reporter, court stenographer, or shorthand reporter is a person whose occupation is to capture the live testimony in proceedings using a stenographic machine or a stenomask, thereby transforming the proceedings into an official certified transcript by nature of their training, certification, and usually licensure. This can include courtroom hearings and trials, depositions and discoveries, sworn statements, and more.
Romance verbs
Romance verbs are the most inflected part of speech in the language family. In the transition from Latin to the Romance languages, verbs went through many phonological, syntactic, and semantic changes. Most of the distinctions present in classical Latin continued to be made, but synthetic forms were often replaced with more analytic ones. Other verb forms changed meaning, and new forms also appeared.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Anfitriões
Anfitriões is a comedy written by the Portuguese poet Luís de Camões and published in 1587.

It is written in the form of an auto (a one-act morality play) and is as an adaptation of Plautus' Amphitryon, where a comic character is added to the myth of Amphitryon, highlighting the omnipotence of love which even the immortal gods are subject to, in accordance with the Vicentian Tradition. The piece was written in redondilha menor and is bilingual, employing Castilian in the speech of Sósia, a slave, to denote his lower social class in passages which reach grotesque, a technique used in other pieces as well.

Castilian Spanish
In English, Castilian Spanish can mean the variety of Peninsular Spanish spoken in northern and central Spain, the standard form of Spanish, or Spanish from Spain in general. In Spanish, the term castellano (Castilian) can either refer to the Spanish language as a whole (to distinguish it from other Spanish languages such as Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.), or to the medieval Old Spanish, a predecessor to Early Modern Spanish.
Aphrica
Aphrica is a collaboration album by Klaus Schulze, Rainer Bloss and Ernst Fuchs, with the painter Fuchs providing vocals. Aphrica was both released and withdrawn in 1984. Although the reason the album was taken off the market was mainly legal (the label Inteam had "forgotten" to make a contract with Fuchs), Schulze had very little positive to say about the collaboration in retrospect: "Besides, it's an awful album, just because of that silly singing or recitation. Fuchs tries to be "serious", but he's only involuntarily funny. In Germany we have the word "peinlich" for it." The press seemed to agree. According to tip, a Berlin-based magazine, "(...) due to their grandiloquent dimwittedness, the lyrics provoke only tormented laughter." (June 1984)

Ernst Fuchs (artist)
Ernst Fuchs (13 February 1930 – 9 November 2015) was an Austrian painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, and one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1972, he acquired the derelict Otto Wagner Villa in Hütteldorf, which he restored and transformed. The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.
Wii Party U
Wii Party U is a 2013 party video game developed by NDcube and published by Nintendo for the Wii U. It was announced in a January 2013 Nintendo Direct, and later detailed at E3 2013 and the October 2013 Nintendo Direct. It is the sequel to the 2010 Wii game Wii Party.

Nintendo Cube
Nintendo Cube Co., Ltd., formerly known as Nd Cube and later NDcube, is a Japanese video game developer and subsidiary of Nintendo, headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo with an additional office in Sapporo. They are best known as the developers of the Mario Party series since Mario Party 9 when they took over the series from the original developer Hudson Soft.
Eryngium maritimum
Eryngium maritimum, also called the sea holly, sea eryngo, or sea eryngium, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to the coasts of most of Europe and the Mediterranean. Its prickly holly-like leaves and compact flower heads give it the appearance of a thistle. Despite its common name, it is not a holly but an umbellifer.

Holly
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.
Metanoia (rhetoric)
Metanoia (from the Greek μετάνοια, metanoia, changing one's mind) in the context of rhetoric is a device used to retract a statement just made, and then state it in a better way. As such, metanoia is similar to correction. Metanoia is used in recalling a statement in two ways, either to weaken the prior declaration or to strengthen it.

Metanoia is later personified as a figure accompanying kairos, sometimes as a hag and sometimes as a young lady. Ausonius' epigrams describe her thus: "I am a goddess to whom even Cicero himself did not give a name. I am the goddess who exacts punishment for what has and has not been done, so that people regret it. Hence, my name is Metanoea."

Ausonius
Decimus Magnus Ausonius (/ɔːˈsoʊniəs/; c. 310 – c. 395) was a Roman poet and teacher of  rhetoric from Burdigala, Aquitaine (now Bordeaux, France). For a time, he was tutor to the future Emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-known poems are Mosella, a description of the River Moselle, and Ephemeris, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers and circle of well-to-do acquaintances and his delight in the technical handling of meter.
Rere, Chile
Rere is a town located in the commune of Yumbel, Province of Biobío, in the Bío Bío Region of Chile. It takes its name from the Moluche language of the indigenous confederation, or aillarehue, that occupied both sides of the Claro River and made up the greater confederation, or Butalmapu, between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers. In 1603, then Royal Governor of Chile under Spanish rule Alonso de Ribera was to declare the erection of the areas first fort naming it Nuestra Señora de la Buena Esperanza (Our Lady of Good Hope). Later, in 1765, the town of Villa de San Luis Gonzaga de Rere was founded on that site by governor Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga. Today Rere sits 21 km west of the town of Yumbel.

Biobío Province
Biobío Province (Spanish: Provincia de Biobío [ˌbi.oˈβi.o]) is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Biobío (VIII). Its capital is Los Ángeles (2002 pop. 94,716). It is bounded on the north, west and south by the provinces of Concepción, Arauco and Malleco, respectively, and on the east by Argentina. It has an area of 14,987.9 km2 (5,787 sq mi) of well-wooded and mountainous country, and exports timber to a large extent.  The population is 373,981 according to the census of 2012.

The great trunk railway from Santiago south to Puerto Montt crosses the western part of the province and also connects it with the port of Concepción. Los Ángeles lies 25 km (16 mi) east of this railway and is connected with it by a branch line.
Chicago Traction Wars
The Chicago Traction Wars was a political conflict which took place in Chicago primarily from the mid-1890s through the early 1910s. It concerned the franchise and ownership of streetcar lines. At the time it was one of the dominant political issues in the city and was a central issue of several mayoral elections and shaped the tenures of several mayors, particularly those of Carter Harrison IV and Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.
Italian cruiser Stromboli
Stromboli was a protected cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built in the 1880s. She was the second member of the Etna class, which included three sister ships. She was named for the volcanic island of Stromboli, and was armed with a main battery of two 254 mm (10 in) and a secondary battery of six 152 mm (6 in) guns, and could steam at a speed of around 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). Her career was relatively uneventful; the only significant action in which she took part was the campaign against the Boxer Uprising in China in 1900. She returned to Italy in 1901 and spent the rest of her career in reserve or as an ammunition ship, apart from a brief stint in active service in 1904. Stromboli was stricken from the naval register in 1907 and sold for scrapping in 1911.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Tarski's axiomatization of the reals
In 1936, Alfred Tarski gave an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the eight axioms shown below and a mere four primitive notions: the set of reals denoted R, a binary relation over R, denoted by infix <, a binary operation of addition over R, denoted by infix +, and the constant 1.

Tarski's axiomatization, which is a second-order theory, can be seen as a version of the more usual definition of real numbers as the unique Dedekind-complete ordered field; it is however made much more concise by avoiding multiplication altogether and using unorthodox variants of standard algebraic axioms and other subtle tricks. Tarski did not supply a proof that his axioms are sufficient or a definition for the multiplication of real numbers in his system.

Tarski also studied the first-order theory of the structure (R, +, ·, <), leading to a set of axioms for this theory and to the concept of real closed fields.

Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words). It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem, such as a prefix or suffix.

When marking text for interlinear glossing, most affixes are separated with a hyphen, but infixes are separated with ⟨angle brackets⟩.
Kelling Quags
Kelling Quags is a nature reserve near Kelling, Norfolk. It is 5.7 ha (14 acres) in extent. It is managed by the Norfolk Ornithological Association as a coastal fresh marsh.  It consists of pools and wet grazing marshes behind a shingle ridge. It was purchased by the NOA in 1984.

It was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1954, and in 1986 it was subsumed into the 7,700 ha (19,000 acres) North Norfolk Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest. The larger area is now additionally protected through Natura 2000 (SPA) and Ramsar listings, and is part of the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Nubbel
Nubbel is a name for a dressed straw doll that emerged around 1950 representing the scapegoat in the Rhenish carnival. The Nubbel, also called Zacheies in Cologne carnival, hangs above many pubs during the carnival season and is burned in a ceremony on the night before Ash Wednesday.

The term Nubbel in Colognian was already used independently of the straw doll in the 18th century. It was used when people could not or did not want to give more information, e.g. "Nubbel's Chris" ("somebody"), "he is with the Nubbel" ("he is somewhere"), "that was the Nubbel" ("that was somebody").

Colognian dialect
Colognian or Kölsch (pronounced [kœ̂lɧ], narrower [kœ̂ɫːʃ]ⓘ; full name Kölsch Platt) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former Electorate of Cologne reaching from Neuss in the north to just south of Bonn, west to Düren and east to Olpe in northwest Germany.
Joan Baez in San Francisco
Joan Baez in San Francisco is a demonstration record by Joan Baez which was recorded in 1958, when Baez was seventeen years old. It was released as without permission by Fantasy Records in 1963 and reached # 45 on the Billboard Top 200 Chart, giving Baez 5 albums in the top 50 at the same time. Baez sued to block its distribution and it was withdrawn. It was released by Bear Family Records as "A Package of Joan Baez". Squire Records has also released the album in multiple formats under the title "The Best of Joan Baez."

Bear Family Records
Bear Family Records is a Germany-based independent record label that specializes in reissues of archival material, specialising primarily in country music but varying in everything from 1950s rock and roll to vintage German movie soundtracks.
Rodica Bretin
Rodica Bretin (born 6 November 1958) is a Romanian writer specialized in history and fantastic literature.

Rodica Bretin was born in Brașov and since 1982 lives in Bucharest. A renowned writer in Romania and Eastern Europe, she has been a member of the Romanian Writers Union (USR) since 1991 and Fantasia Art Association (Cornwall, England) since 1996. She is also a scientific researcher, specialised in history, having participated at historical and archaeological campaigns in: Transylvania, Romania (1996), Languedoc, France (1998) and Milan, Italy (2002).

Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (/ˌlɒ̃ɡ(ə)ˈdɒk/, French: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk], locally [lãᵑɡəˈdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ(k)]) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
Varusanadu
Varusanadu is a village panchayat (code: 232202) in Theni District of Tamil Nadu, which is located on the bank of Vaigai River. This village comes under Kadamalaigundu - Mayiladumparai Panchayat union and Andipatti Taluk.

The valley around this area is called Varusanadu Valley, which is a part of Cumbum Valley in Western Ghats and is connected to Meghamalai Mountains. Vaigai River is originating from this valley under Periyar Plateau of Western Ghats.

Theni district
Theni district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. Surrounded by hills, the district is located to the west of Madurai district. The town of Theni is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions by the hills and is further subdivided into five Taluks: Theni, Bodinayakanur, Periyakulam, Uthamapalayam and Andipatti. The area is rich in natural features, with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side, and Cumbum Valley, which lies in Uthamapalayam taluk. As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899.
Steve Joe
Steve Joe is a Chinese-American television producer and writer.

He began his career as a staff writer on the sitcom Veronica's Closet in 1997, later becoming a story editor on Mad About You going on to write the episode "Win a Free Car" in 1999. His producing and writing credits include The Tracy Morgan Show, Rodney, That '70s Show, Notes from the Underbelly, True Jackson, VP, Hot in Cleveland, Oh, Grow Up, Tucker and That '80s Show. Much of his work prior to the second season of True Jackson, VP was with fellow writer and producer Greg Schaffer; they parted ways in 2009.

The Tracy Morgan Show
The Tracy Morgan Show is an American television sitcom created by David M. Israel and Jim O'Doherty, that aired on NBC from December 2, 2003 to March 20, 2004. The series stars former SNL cast member Tracy Morgan and Tamala Jones. The show was canceled in its first season after 16 episodes (the other 2 were never aired).
Vladimir Putin Peak
Vladimir Putin Peak (Kyrgyz: Владимир Путин атындагы чоку, romanized: Vladimir Putin atındagı çoku, Russian: Пик Владимира Путина, romanized: Pik Vladimira Putina, formerly Elmer Fudd Peak, Russian: Пик Элмера Фадда, romanized: Pik Elmera Fadda) is a mountain of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too Range mountain range in the Tian Shan system. It is located in the Chuy Region of Kyrgyzstan. It was named on 17 February 2011 after Russian president Vladimir Putin; it was previously unnamed.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.