hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shoolery's rule
Shoolery's rule, which is named after James Nelson Shoolery, is a good approximation of the chemical shift δ of methylene groups in proton nuclear magnetic resonance. We can calculate shift of the CH2 protons in a A–CH2–B structure using the formula

where 0.23 ppm is the chemical shift of methane and the empirical adjustments S are based on the identities of the A and B groups:

Shoolery's rule is a particular instance of a general class of rules of the form

,

with two substituents on methylene resulting in two parameters  and .

Methylene group
A methylene group is any part of a molecule that consists of two hydrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom, which is connected to the remainder of the molecule by two single bonds. The group may be represented as −CH2− or >CH2, where the '>' denotes the two bonds.

This stands in contrast to a situation where the carbon atom is bound to the rest of the molecule by a double bond, which is preferably called a methylidene group, represented =CH2. Formerly the methylene name was used for both isomers. The name "methylene bridge" can be used for the single-bonded isomer, to emphatically exclude methylidene.  The distinction is often important, because the double bond is chemically different from two single bonds.

The methylene group should be distinguished from the CH2 molecule called carbene. This was also formerly called methylene.
Aleksandr Balakhnin
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balakhnin (Russian: Александр Николаевич Балахнин; born April 1, 1955) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1976 for FC Torpedo Taganrog.

His younger brother Sergei Balakhnin also played football professionally.

Soviet Second League
The Soviet Second League (Russian: Чемпионат СССР по футболу (вторая лига), Soviet football championship (Second League)) was the third highest division of Soviet football, below the Soviet First League. The league was formed in 1971 in place of the Class A Second Group of the Soviet football championship just a year after the division was downgraded to the third tier. Previously, the third-tier competition predecessor Class B was liquidated completely. The Second League remained in force until dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
One Piece: Burning Blood
One Piece: Burning Blood is a fighting video game developed by Spike Chunsoft and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. Based on the One Piece franchise, it was released for PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Xbox One, and Windows. It is the first One Piece video game to be released on an Xbox video game console. It was released in Japan on April 21, 2016, in North America on May 31, 2016, and in Europe on June 3, 2016. The Windows version was released in North America on September 1, 2016, and in Europe on September 2, 2016. The game was not released for Xbox One in Japan.

Spike Chunsoft
Spike Chunsoft Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game development and localization company specializing in role-playing video games, visual novels and adventure games. The company was founded in 1984 as Chunsoft Co., Ltd. and merged with Spike in 2012. It is owned by Dwango.

It created games such as the first five Dragon Quest installments and the Mystery Dungeon franchise as Chunsoft, and the Conception series as Spike Chunsoft. They also developed titles such as The Portopia Serial Murder Case, the Sound Novel series (consisting of Otogirisō, Kamaitachi no Yoru, Machi and 428: Shibuya Scramble) and the Zero Escape series as Chunsoft. Spike developed Danganronpa before the merger.
Oswulf of Ramsbury
Oswulf was a medieval Bishop of Ramsbury.

Oswulf was consecrated between 949 and 951. He died in 970. In the 940s Ealdorman Ealhhelm was given the lands of the then defunct Evesham Abbey, and on his death they were appropriated by thegn Wulfric and Bishop Oswulf.

Ealhhelm
Ealhhelm was an Anglo-Saxon nobleman and ealdorman of central Mercia (now Worcestershire and Gloucestershire) from 940 to 951. His sons were acknowledged as kinsmen by several kings, but the nature of the relationship is unknown.

Ealhhelm is described by the historian Shashi Jayakumar as "an obscure figure who had been ealdorman in Mercia under Edmund". His sons were Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia, Ælfheah, Ælfwine and Eadric. Ælfric Cild may have been his son-in-law.
Carlotta Vagnoli
Carlotta Vagnoli (Italian pronunciation: [karˈlɔtta vaɲˈɲɔːli]; born 6 November 1987) is an Italian feminist activist and author. Her activity, ranging between book and article writing, theatre plays, and social media content, focuses on gender equality, sexual consent, and gender-based violence.

Fratelli Fabbri Editori
Fratelli Fabbri Editori is an Italian publishing house founded in 1947 by the brothers Giovanni, Dino and Ettore 'Rino' Fabbri. Today Fabbri forms part of Rizzoli Libri, which in turn is 100% controlled by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore
USS SC-4
USS SC-4, during her service life known as Submarine Chaser No. 4 or S.C. 4, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

SC-4 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at Naval Station New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana. She was commissioned on 19 February 1918 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 4, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 4.

During World War I, S.C. 4 served in the Special Hunting Squadron, USS Salem Group, on antisubmarine patrol duty against German submarines in the Gulf of Mexico, and was based at Key West, Florida.

On 19 March 1920, the Navy sold S.C. 4 to David A. Clarkson of Nassau in the Bahamas.

The U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920. Although Submarine Chaser No. 4 had already been sold by then, since that date she has been referred to retrospectively as USS SC-4 - the shortened name she would have received under the new system had she still been in Navy service at that time.

USS Salem (CL-3)
USS Salem (CS-3/CL-3), Scout Cruiser No. 3, was a Chester-class scout cruiser of the United States Navy. She was the first Navy ship named for the city of Salem, Massachusetts.

Salem was laid down on 28 August 1905, by the Fore River Shipyard; launched on 27 July 1907, sponsored by Mrs. Lorna Pinnock; and commissioned on 1 August 1908.
Carmelo Gómez
Carmelo Gómez Celada (born 2 January 1962) is a Spanish actor. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in The Method and best leading actor in Running Out of Time. A very popular actor in 1990s Spanish cinema, working under the likes of Julio Medem, Pilar Miró and Imanol Uribe, he is a recurring co-star of Emma Suárez.

Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor interpretación masculina de reparto) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film.
Chandrabhan Bhaiya
Chandrabhan Bhaiya (born 1 May 1956) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Damoh constituency of Madhya Pradesh and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. Later he joined the Indian National Congress Party (INC) and fought MP Legislative Assembly election on Congress ticket against BJP's Jayant Malaiya and lost the same by few hundred votes.

14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (2 June 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election, held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of the first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.

The next 15th Lok Sabha was convened after 2009 Indian general election.
Núria Almiron
Núria Almiron Roig (born 1967 in Sabadell) is a Catalan researcher who specializes in communication and power relations. Since 2008, she has been a professor of Ethics and Political Economy of Communication in the Department of Communication at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) and was previously a professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB).

Her main research topics include the political economy of communication, the ethics of mediation, interest groups, critical animal studies, and environmental ethics from a non-speciesist perspective. She is co-founder and co-director of the UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics and a member of the CRITIC research group at UPF.

She has previously worked as a political scientist and as a journalist specializing in ICTs, and has researched financial crime.

UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
The UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics (UPF-CAE) is an animal advocacy think tank based at Pompeu Fabra University. It aims to disseminate and promote non-anthropocentric and non-speciesist ethical perspectives in academia, politics and the media. The centre was established in December 2015 and is the first centre of its kind in both Catalonia and Spain. Its main activities include the co-organization of the 6th Conference of the European Association for Critical Animal Studies, together with the European Association for Critical Animal Studies. The centre's Media Observatory of Speciesism was launched in 2018, it analyzes the treatment of animals in the media from an anti-speciesist perspective and makes recommendations for ending speciesism in the media.
Henry Bedson
Henry Samuel Bedson, MD, MRCP (29 September 1929 – 6 September 1978), was a British virologist and head of the Department of Medical Microbiology at Birmingham Medical School, where his research focused on smallpox and monkeypox virus.

Bedson was head of the smallpox laboratory at Birmingham when Janet Parker, a photographer working above the laboratory, contracted smallpox and died.

Bedson died on 6 September 1978, five days after being discovered with self-inflicted wounds to his throat.

The verdict in court was that Bedson was "not guilty". How Parker exactly became infected with smallpox remains unknown.

Birmingham Medical School
The University of Birmingham Medical School is one of Britain's largest and oldest medical schools with more than 400 medical, 70 pharmacy, 140 biomedical science and 130 nursing students graduating each year.  It is based at the University of Birmingham in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Since 2008, the medical school has been a constituent of the College of Medical and Dental Sciences.
Sunnyside (Newsoms, Virginia)
Sunnyside is a historic plantation house and complex located near Newsoms, Southampton County, Virginia. The house was built in three stages dating to about 1815, 1847, and 1870.  It is a two-story, T-shaped frame dwelling. The main section was built in 1870, and has Greek Revival and Italianate design elements.  The front facade features an imposing, two-story, pedimented portico sheltering the main entrance. Also on the property are 13 contributing outbuildings: a schoolhouse, school master's house, dairy, milk house, tenant's house, privy, pump house, sheds, peanut barn, a tall smokehouse, kitchen-laundry, and a garage.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Antozonite
Antozonite (historically known as Stinkspat, Stinkfluss, Stinkstein, Stinkspar and fetid fluorite) is a radioactive fluorite variety first found in Wölsendorf, Bavaria, in 1841, and named in 1862.

It is characterized by the presence of multiple inclusions containing elemental fluorine; when the crystals are crushed or broken, the elemental fluorine is released. It was postulated that beta radiation given by uranium inclusions continuously break down calcium fluoride into calcium and fluorine atoms. Fluorine atoms combine to produce difluoride anions and, upon losing the extra electrons at a defect, fluorine is formed. Fluorine subsequently reacts with atmospheric oxygen and water vapor, producing ozone (whose characteristic smell, originally mistaken for a hypothetical substance called antozone, is responsible for the mineral's name) and hydrogen fluoride.

Difluoride
Difluorides are chemical compounds with two fluorine atoms per molecule (or per formula unit).

Metal difluorides are all ionic. Despite being highly ionic, the alkaline earth metal difluorides generally have extremely high lattice stability and are thus insoluble in water. The exception is beryllium difluoride. In addition, many transition metal difluorides are water-soluble.

Calcium difluoride is a notable compound.  In the form of the mineral fluorite it is the major source of commercial fluorine.  It also has an eponymic crystal structure, which is an end member of the spectrum starting from bixbyite and progressing through pyrochlore.
Kim Byung-chae
Kim Byung-Chae (born April 14, 1981) is a South Korean football midfielder. He currently plays for  Chainat F.C. in the Thailand Division 1 League.

He played for several clubs, including FC Seoul, Gwangju Sangmu FC (Military service), Gyeongnam FC and Busan IPark, Daejeon Hydro & Nuclear Power FC in South Korea.

He was a member of the South Korea U-20 team.

South Korea national under-20 football team
The South Korea national under-20 football team (Korean: 대한민국 20세 이하 축구 국가대표팀; recognized as Korea Republic by FIFA) represents South Korea in international youth football competitions and also can be managed as under-18 or under-19 team if necessary. South Korean under-20 team won twelve AFC U-20 Asian Cup (AFC Youth Championship) titles and reached the FIFA U-20 World Cup final once, both are the most successful results among Asian teams.
Hélène Koscielniak
Hélène Koscielniak is a Franco-Ontarian educator and writer.

Born in Fauquier, she received a degree in Organizational Studies (Faculty of Education) from the University of Ottawa. She worked in the field of education. Now retired, she lives in Kapuskasing.

She served on the board of governors for Science North and on the Comité consultatif de langue française for TFO.

Kapuskasing
Kapuskasing (/ˌkæpəsˈkeɪsɪŋ/ KAP-əss-KAY-sing) is a town on the Kapuskasing River in the Cochrane District of Northern Ontario, Canada, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) east of Hearst and 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Timmins. The town was known as MacPherson until 1917.
Jagathalaprathapan (1990 film)
Jagathalaprathapan is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed by composers Shankar–Ganesh in their directorial debut and their only film directed. The film stars Mohan, Rakhi Sri and Divya. The film, produced by C. Murugan, was released on 17 March 1990.

Mohan (actor)
Mohan (born 10 May 1956) is an Indian actor, known for his works predominantly in Tamil cinema. Besides Tamil films, he has also acted in some Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam films. Mohan is also known as "Kokila Mohan" after his debut film Kokila (1977), and "Mic Mohan" from numerous roles playing singers using microphones. In 1982, he received the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor for his work in Payanangal Mudivathillai. One of the most successful Tamil film stars of the 1980s, he faced career setbacks in the 1990s and his film appearances have been intermittent since.
Mount Otzi Central Forest Reserve
Mount Otzi Central Forest Reserve is a 188 square kilometer (18,800 hectares) forest reserve located in Moyo District, West Nile Region, Uganda. It is situated on an escarpment that overlooks the confluence of River Achwa and the White Nile as it flows into South Sudan. The reserve is bordered on the North by the International border of South Sudan and to the South by the Moyo-Adjumani District border. Mount Otzi Forest Reserve is an important place for the surrounding people because bamboo poles and other non-timber goods are crucial for building materials and also provide lumber. Not only that, but the National Forestry Authority Department has designated it as an Important Biodiversity Conservation Area due to its importance as a large water catchment area.

Uganda Wildlife Authority
Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA; Luganda: Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bisolo by'omu nsiko mu Uganda) is a semi-autonomous Ugandan government agency that aims to conserve, manage and regulate Uganda’s wildlife. "UWA is mandated to ensure sustainable management of wildlife resources and supervise wildlife activities in Uganda, both within and outside the protected areas". As of April 2020, UWA manages ten national parks, twelve wildlife reserves, and fourteen wildlife sanctuaries. UWA also provides guidance for five community wildlife areas. It is governed by a board of trustees appointed by the Minister of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, currently Tom Butime.
Chettinad railway station
Chettinad railway station (station code:CTND) is an NGS 6 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Chettinad and Kanadukathan, located in northern suburb of Karaikudi Municipal Corporation in Sivaganga district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Cathy Lomax
Cathy Lomax (born 1963) is a London based artist, curator and director of  Transition Gallery. She is mainly known for her figurative paintings which often focus on the construction, codification and subversion of femininity and are inspired by 'the seductive imagery of film, fame and fashion'.

Museum & Art Swindon
Museum & Art Swindon, formerly Swindon Museum and Art Gallery, is a museum and gallery in Swindon, England. It is run by Swindon Borough Council and since 2024 has been housed within the council's offices at Euclid Street, Swindon.
Sawe
Sawe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jonathan Kiplimo Sawe (born 1995), Kenyan middle-distance runner

Julius Sawe (born 1971), Kenyan racewalker

Mathew Sawe (born 1988), Kenyan high jumper

Sabastian Sawe (born 1996), Kenyan long-distance runner

Tito Sawe (1960–2002), Kenyan sprinter

William Sawe (born 1955), Kenyan racewalker

Jonathan Kiplimo Sawe
Jonathan Kiplimo Sawe (born 26 November 1995) is a Kenyan middle-distance runner. Sawe came 3rd place in the 1500 metres at the 2011 World Youth Championships in Lille, France. Later in 2014, Sawe won the 1500 metres at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Eugene, United States.
A Gipsy Cavalier
A Gipsy Cavalier is a 1922 British historical drama film directed by J. Stuart Blackton and starring Georges Carpentier, Flora le Breton and Rex McDougall. It was one of three films made in Britain during the early 1920s by the British-born American founder of Vitagraph Studios. All involved elaborate sets, costumes and extras and set an example of showmanship to emerging British filmmakers. It was adapted from the novel My Lady April by John Overton.

J. Stuart Blackton
James Stuart Blackton (January 5, 1875 – August 13, 1941) was a British-American film producer and director of the silent era. One of the pioneers of motion pictures, he founded Vitagraph Studios in 1897. He was one of the first filmmakers to use the techniques of stop-motion and drawn animation, is considered a father of American animation, and was the first to bring many classic plays and books to the screen. Blackton was also the commodore of the Motorboat Club of America and the Atlantic Yacht Club.
Ericameria compacta
Ericameria compacta, the Charleston Mountain goldenbush, is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in pine forests in the Spring and Sheep Mountains of Clark County, Nevada. Fewer than 12 populations have been found.

Ericameria compacta is a branching shrub up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall. Leaves are oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, up to 4 cm (1.6 inches) long. One plant can form many small, yellow flower heads, each with as many as 16 disc florets but no ray florets.

Sheep Range
The Sheep Range is located north of Las Vegas, Nevada, in the United States. It is found in both Clark and Lincoln Counties in the Desert National Wildlife Refuge. The mountains reach a peak at Hayford Peak, 9,912 feet (3,021 m) above sea level between the Las Vegas Range to the east and the Desert Range to the west. The Sheep Range lies in a generally north-south direction.

The Great Basin Divide starts an east-west transect at the northeast of the Spring Mountains, with the east-west transect border south being all of the Las Vegas Valley, and a midsection, north perimeter of the watershed for the Las Vegas Wash. The Great Basin Divide transect goes through the south region of the Sheep Range, and the transect ends eastwards at the Utah border, the Clover and Bull Valley Mountains.

The range was named for mountain sheep which roamed there.
2018–19 San Francisco Dons women's basketball team
The 2018–19 San Francisco Dons women's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. They were led by head coach Molly Goodenbour in her third season at San Francisco. The Dons, as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC), played their home games at War Memorial Gymnasium in San Francisco, California. They finished the season 7–24, 2–16 in WCC play, to finish in a tie for ninth place. They advanced to the second round of the WCC women's tournament, where they lost to Loyola Marymount.

2018–19 Loyola Marymount Lions women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Loyola Marymount Lions women's basketball team represented Loyola Marymount University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lions, led by seventh year head coach Charity Elliott, played their homes games at the Gersten Pavilion and were members of the West Coast Conference. They finished the season 18–15, 10–8 in WCC play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the WCC women's tournament, where they lost to Saint Mary's. They received an at-large bid to the WNIT, where was their first postseason tournament since 2004, where they lost to Idaho in the first round.