hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Road signs in Armenia
Road signs in Armenia are similar to the signs of other post-Soviet states and most European road sign systems. Armenia is a signatory of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The Ministry of Transport regulates these icons, while the police enforces them. Road signs ensure transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as, to inform both pedestrians and motorists of traffic rules.

Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
The Convention on Road Traffic, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, is an international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing standard traffic rules among the contracting parties. The convention was agreed upon at the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. This conference also produced the Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The convention had amendments on 3 September 1993 and 28 March 2006. There is a European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which was concluded in Geneva on 1 May 1971.
Terenin, Łódź Voivodeship
Terenin [tɛˈrɛnin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pabianice, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Pabianice and 20 km (12 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

On 1 June 2024 there was a reconstruction of Battle of Łódź. The main battle happened at 5 p.m.

Pabianice County
Pabianice County (Polish: powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pabianice, which lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Konstantynów Łódzki, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Pabianice.

The county covers an area of 490.77 square kilometres (189.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 119,008, out of which the population of Pabianice was 70,445, that of Konstantynów Łódzki 17,564, and the rural population was 30,999.
Qalailabiob
Qalailabiob (Russian: Калаи-Лабиоб; Tajik: Қалъаи Лабиоб Qal'ai Labiob, Persian: قلعه لب آب) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Tojikobod District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 11,102 (2015). The jamoat includes the village Tojikobod, the seat of the district, and 10 other villages.

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.
Alexander La Milliere
Alexander La Milliere (b Dublin 9 July 1723 - 7 September 1800) was Archdeacon of Cork  from 1796 until his death.

La Milliere was of French descent and  was educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was the incumbent at Curraghconway and  Chancellor of Cork Cathedral from 1774 until 1782.

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Martin Smith (drummer)
Martin Smith (17 December 1946 – 2 March 1997), was a drummer for Gentle Giant and Simon Dupree and the Big Sound. He played on the first two Gentle Giant albums, Gentle Giant and Acquiring the Taste, before being replaced by Malcolm Mortimore. Smith was a versatile drummer who specialised in playing jazz and blues styles.

Smith died on 2 March 1997, at the age of 50, of internal hemorrhaging. Purportedly he had been very ill with a blood disorder for five years. He continued to drum until two months before his death. 150 people went to his funeral, including many fellow musicians, and Gordon Haskell (of King Crimson fame) wrote the eulogy.

Gordon Haskell
Gordon Haskell (27 April 1946 – 15 October 2020) was an English musician and songwriter. A pop, rock, jazz, country and blues vocalist, guitarist, and bassist, he was a school friend of King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp. The two first worked together in Fripp's mid-1960s teenage group the League of Gentlemen (not to be confused with Fripp's later new wave band).

Haskell gained recognition as bass player for the Fleur de Lys in 1966, and subsequently spent a short period in King Crimson. He sang on the album In the Wake of Poseidon (1970), and sang and played bass on Lizard (also 1970). After leaving King Crimson, Haskell continued as a solo musician, reaching international fame in 2001 with his hit "How Wonderful You Are" and the platinum-selling album Harry's Bar.
Jean Marie River First Nation
The Jean Marie River First Nation, known as Tthets'ék'ehdélı̨ in its own Dene language, is a First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Jean Marie River.

The Jean Marie River First Nation is a member of the Dehcho First Nations.

Dene
The Dene people (/ˈdɛneɪ/) are an Indigenous group of First Nations who inhabit the northern boreal, subarctic and Arctic regions of Canada. The Dene speak Northern Athabaskan languages and it is the common Athabaskan word for "people". The term "Dene" has two uses:

Most commonly, "Dene" is used narrowly to refer to the Athabaskan speakers of the Northwest Territories in Canada who form the Dene Nation: the Chipewyan (Denesuline), Tłı̨chǫ (Dogrib), Yellowknives (T'atsaot'ine), Slavey (Deh Gah Got'ine or Deh Cho), Sahtu (Sahtúot’ine), and Gwichʼin (Dinjii Zhuh).

"Dene" is sometimes also used to refer to all Northern Athabaskan speakers, who are spread in a wide range all across Alaska and northern Canada.

The Dene people are known for their oral storytelling.
Russ Hatton
Christianity portal

George Russell (Ron) Hatton  (1932–2012)  was a suffragan bishop in the Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Hatton was educated at the University of King's College.  After a curacy at All Saints Cathedral, Halifax he was the chaplain at Dalhousie University. He was the incumbent at Lantz then  the director of the University Episcopal Centre, Minneapolis. He was the National Affairs Officer for the Anglican Church of Canada from 1972 to 1977 then President of the  Atlantic School of Theology, Halifax.

He died on 14 January 2012.

Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
The Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. It encompasses the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island and has two cathedrals: All Saints' in Halifax and St. Peter's in Charlottetown. Its de facto see city is Halifax (where the synod offices are located), and its roughly 24 400 Anglicans distributed in 239 congregations are served by approximately 153 clergy and 330 lay readers according to the last available data. According to the 2001 census, 120,315 Nova Scotians identified themselves as Anglicans (13% of the province's population), while 6525 Prince Edward Islanders did the same.
Dieulafoy's lesion
Dieulafoy's lesion (French: [djølafwa]) is a medical condition characterized by a large tortuous artery most commonly in the stomach wall (submucosal) that erodes and bleeds. It can present in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause gastric hemorrhage but is relatively uncommon. It is thought to cause less than 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeds in adults. It was named after French surgeon Paul Georges Dieulafoy, who described this condition in his paper "Exulceratio simplex: Leçons 1-3" in 1898. It is also called "caliber-persistent artery" or "aneurysm" of gastric vessels. However, unlike most other aneurysms, these are thought to be developmental malformations rather than degenerative changes.

Aneurysm
An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus (starting point) for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization. As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture increases, which could lead to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Aneurysms can arise in the heart itself following a heart attack, including both ventricular and atrial septal aneurysms. There are congenital atrial septal aneurysms, a rare heart defect.
Brachyopa flavescens
Brachyopa flavescens (Shannon, 1915), The Yellow Sapeater, is a fairly common species of syrphid fly. It has been observed in northeastern North America. Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. Larvae for this genus are of the rat-tailed type. B.flavescens larvae have not been described.

Rat-tailed maggot
Rat-tailed maggots are the larvae of certain species of hoverflies belonging to the tribes Eristalini and Sericomyiini. A characteristic feature of rat-tailed maggots is a tube-like, telescoping breathing siphon located at their posterior end. This acts like a snorkel, allowing the larva to breathe air while submerged. The siphon is usually about as long as the maggot's body (20 mm (1 in) when mature), but can be extended up to about 150 mm (6 in). This organ gives the larva its common name.

The most commonly encountered rat-tailed maggot is the larva of the drone fly, Eristalis tenax. It lives in stagnant, oxygen-deprived water, with a high organic content. It is fairly tolerant of pollution and can live in sewage lagoons and cesspools.
Edmond Knox
Edmond Dalrymple Hesketh Knox was a 19th-century  Anglican priest in Ireland.

The son of Bishop Edmund Knox, he was born in County Down and  educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held livings in  Upper Badoney; Rathronan and Kilflyn. He became Archdeacon of Killaloe in 1832. In 1858 a wills and administration document records him as a lunatic yet he is recorded in the 1868 Crockford's as still being Archdeacon.

Lunatic
Lunatic is a term referring to a person who is seen as mentally ill, dangerous, foolish, or crazy—conditions once attributed to "lunacy". The word derives from lunaticus meaning "of the moon" or "moonstruck".
Kenneth Wannberg
Kenneth Gail Wannberg (June 28, 1930 – January 27, 2022) was an American composer and sound editor. He worked extensively with the composer John Williams on some of the biggest box office films of all time. His music editing credits include Star Wars (George Lucas, 1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (Steven Spielberg, 1981), JFK (Oliver Stone, 1991), Schindler's List (Spielberg, 1993), and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Alfonso Cuarón, 2004). In 1986 Wannberg won an Emmy for his sound editing on Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories series.

His film score compositions include The Tender Warrior (1971), The Great American Beauty Contest (1973), Lepke (1975), The Four Deuces (1975), Bittersweet Love (1976), The Late Show (1977), Tribute (1980), The Amateur (1981), Mother Lode (1982), Losin' It (1982), Draw! (1984), Blame It on Rio (1984) and The Philadelphia Experiment (1984).

Wannberg died on January 27, 2022, in Florence, Oregon, at the age of 91.

The Four Deuces
The Four Deuces is a 1975 American comedy film directed by William H. Bushnell and written by C. Lester Franklin. The film stars Jack Palance, Carol Lynley, Warren Berlinger, Adam Roarke, Gianni Russo and Hard Boiled Haggerty. The film was released in January 1976, by Embassy Pictures.
Łoniów
Łoniów [ˈwɔɲuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łoniów. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
Fernando Escartín
Fernando Escartín Coti (born 24 January 1968) is a Spanish former road racing cyclist. Between 1995 and 2000 he came in the top 10 of the Tour de France five times and in that same time period finished on the podium in 2nd place at the Vuelta a España, twice.

Subida al Naranco
Subida al Naranco is a professional cycle road race held in Spain in early June each year. The event was first run in 1941 but was not held consistently until 1981. Between 2005 and 2010, the race has been organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. Since 2011, the race has been held as part of the Vuelta a Asturias stage race. The race ends in a climb of Monte Naranco near Oviedo
Communauté d'agglomération Grand Auch Cœur de Gascogne
Communauté d'agglomération Grand Auch Cœur de Gascogne is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Auch. It is located in the Gers department, in the Occitania region, southwestern France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Auch. Its area is 602.0 km2. Its population was 38,899 in 2019, of which 22,173 in Auch proper.

Gers
Gers (French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁ(s)]; Occitan: Gers or Gerç, [dʒɛɾs]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southwestern France. Gers is bordered by the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Haute-Garonne and Tarn-et-Garonne to the east, Lot-et-Garonne to the north and Landes to the west. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the Gersois and Gersoises in French. In 2019, it had a population of 191,377.
Aarzoo
Aarzoo (transl. Desire) is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language romantic action film directed by Lawrence D'Souza starring Akshay Kumar, Madhuri Dixit, Saif Ali Khan, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal and Reema Lagoo. The film was primarily filmed in Mumbai, but some scenes were filmed in London and Edinburgh. The film was remade in Bengali, Bangladesh as O Priya Tumi Kothay (2002).

Reema Lagoo
Reema Lagoo (born Nayan Bhadbhade; 21 June 1958 – 18 May 2017) was an Indian theatre and screen actress known for her work in Hindi and Marathi cinema. She began her acting career in the Marathi theatre, after which she became a household name for playing motherly roles in the 1990s and early 2000s. She gained widespread attention after her roles in the 90s classic TV sitcoms Shriman Shrimati (as Kokila Kulkarni) and Tu Tu Main Main (as Devaki Verma) .
Mangaldai College
Mangaldai College, established in 1951,  is an institution and one of the oldest undergraduate, coeducational college situated at Mangaldai in Darrang district, of Assam. This institute was established in the year 1951 with the pioneering effort of late Amiya Bhushan Dasgupta, the then S.D.O.(Civil), mangaldai and many other leading citizens of the district. The prime inspiration of these persons was to materialize the wish of the people for the spread of higher education in the district. The institution had an enthusiastic start under the leadership of the succeeding Principals, dedicated services of the faculty members and other staff contributed immensely to its growth. This college is affiliated with the Gauhati University.

Darrang district
Darrang district (Assamese pronunciation: [dɔrɔŋ]) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are located at Mangaldoi. The district occupies an area of 1585 km2.
Dennis Jenkerson
Dennis M. Jenkerson was appointed as the 10th Fire Commissioner of the St. Louis Fire Department on November 19, 2007, by Former Mayor Francis Slay. A third generation St. Louis firefighter, he has thirty-nine years of operational and tactical firefighting experience.

Francis Slay
Francis Gerard Slay (born March 18, 1955) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 45th Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2001 to 2017. The first mayor of the city of St. Louis to be elected to the office four consecutive times, Slay is the longest-serving mayor in St. Louis history. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is to date the last male mayor of St. Louis.
Denudation (medicine)
In medicine, denudation refers to the loss of surface layers, such as the epithelium. Denudation coupled with peeling and cracking of skin gives rise to a "crazy pavement dermatosis" pattern seen in Kwashiorkor or Kwashiorkor-Marasmus complex.

In occupational asthma, the denudation of the bronchial mucosa can occur in the setting of nonimmunologic exposures (i.e., chemical spill, chlorine, ammonia), causing irritation.

Clostridioides difficile is known to cause formation of pseudomembranes in the intestines that is formed by denuded epithelium, neutrophilic infiltrate, fibrin, and bacteria due to the effects of its toxins: Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB), which disrupt cellular cytoskeletons and tight junctions leading to cell death.

Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.
Sakura (train service)
The Sakura (さくら; Cherry Blossom) is a high-speed shinkansen service operated between Shin-Osaka and Kagoshima-Chūō in Japan since 12 March 2011.

It was formerly a limited express sleeper train service operated by JR Kyushu, which ran from Tokyo to Nagasaki and Sasebo in Kyushu, Japan. This former service was discontinued in 2005 due to revised timetables.

Sasebo Station
Sasebo Station (Japanese: 佐世保駅, Hepburn: Sasebo-eki) is the major railway station in the city of Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, in Japan. The Sasebo Line of the Kyushu Railway Company and the Nishi-Kyūshū Line of the Matsuura Railway provide local and regional service and connections to the extensive JR network. Sasebo is the westernmost station in the JR Group.

The plaza in front of Sasebo Station contains a multi-level shopping complex called Friesta Sasebo, with coffee shops, clothing, housewares, music and a supermarket. Within the station itself are souvenir shops featuring local foods and products.

Sasebo Station is about two hours by train from Hakata Station in the city of Fukuoka (via the Midori line) and about two hours from Nagasaki Station in the city of Nagasaki.

Across the street from Sasebo Station is the Sasebo Bus Center, which provides connecting service to many local destinations.
Ptáček
Ptáček (feminine: Ptáčková) is a Czech surname, meaning 'little bird'. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Ptáček (born 1980), Czech pole vaulter

Anna Ptáčková (1858–1906), Czech suffragette and feminist

Bob Ptacek (born 1937), American-Canadian football quarterback

Dana Ptáčková (born 1952), Czech basketball player

Fátima Ptacek (born 2000), American actress and model

František Ptáček (born 1975), Czech ice hockey player

Hynce Ptáček of Pirkštejn (1404–1444), Czech nobleman

Kathryn Ptacek (born 1952), American writer and editor

Louis Ptáček, American neurologist

Rainer Ptacek (1951–1997), American guitarist and singer-songwriter

Vladimír Ptáček (1954–2019), Czech basketball player

Louis Ptáček
Louis Ptáček is an American neurologist and professor of Czech origin. He contributed to the field of genetics and neuroscience. He was also an HHMI investigator from 1997 to 2018. His chief areas of research include the understanding of inherited Mendelian disorders and circadian rhythm genes. Currently, Ptáček is a neurology professor and a director of the Division of Neurogenetics in University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. His current investigations primarily focus on extensive clinical studies in families with hereditary disorders, which include identifying and characterizing the genes responsible for neurological variations.
Ichitaro (word processor)
Ichitaro (一太郎, ichitarō) is a Japanese word processor produced by JustSystems, a Japanese software company. Ichitaro occupies the second share in Japanese word-processing software, behind Microsoft Word. It is one of the main products of the company. Its proprietary file extension is ".JTD". ATOK, an IME developed by JustSystems, is bundled with Ichitaro.

In the MS-DOS era, Ichitaro had a considerable market share along with other rivals. As Windows became dominant, the market was largely taken over by Microsoft Word.

Word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.

Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.

The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.

Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.