hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umedpara
Umedpara is a village / panchayat located in the Gir Gadhada Taluka of Gir Somnath district in Gujarat State, India. Earlier, until August 2013, Umedpara was part of Una Taluka and Junagadh district. The latitude 20.909597 and longitude 70.893243 are the geo-coordinate of the Village Umedpara. Gandhinagar is the state capital of Umedpara village which is located around 400 kilometres away from Umedpara.

According to Census 2011, with the 229 families, the population of this village is 1244. Out of this, 636 are males and 608 are females. Most residents are dependent on agriculture.

Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar (Gujarati: gāndhīnagara, pronounced ['ɡaːnd̪ʱinəɡəɾᵊ] ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Ahmedabad, on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of Delhi and Mumbai.

Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545 kilometres (339 mi) north of Mumbai and 901 kilometres (560 mi) southwest of Delhi. 
The Akshardham temple is located in Gandhinagar. There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with Le Corbusier in Chandigarh.
Hamburg Scientific Foundation
The Hamburg Scientific Foundation (German: Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung) was founded in Hamburg in 1907 to support academic research and its dissemination in that city.

Werner von Melle promoted the project from early 1907, raising 3.8 million marks by its foundation on 12 April 1907. One of its first appointments was Erich Marcks, the historian. William Stern and Karl Rathgen were attracted to Hamburg by the funds the foundation made available to them. Between 1908 and 1910 it funded significant research into ethnographic research in the Bismarck Archipelago and the Caroline Islands, located in German New Guinea. Also by financing the publication of academic journals the foundation contributed to the founding of the University of Hamburg in 1919. However assets previously calculated at 7M Marks were almost entirely written off in 1923 during the Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.

Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

The Carolines are scattered across a distance of approximately 3,540 kilometres (2,200 mi; 1,910 nmi), from the westernmost island, Tobi, in Palau, to the easternmost island, Kosrae, a state of the FSM.
Chinovnik
The chinovnik (Russian and Ukrainian: Чиновник; Belarusian: Чыноўнік) was a Russian title for a person having a rank and serving in the civil or court service, i.e. the Tsarist bureaucracy. The institution of chinovniks existed de facto in the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, but until 1722 it did not have a clear structure. The de jure chinovnik institute was structured by the establishment of the Table of Ranks on February 4, 1722.

"As the peasants were slaves of the landowners, the Russian people are still slaves of chinovniks", wrote Lenin in 1903, "Political freedom means the people's right to choose all the chinovniks themselves".

After the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, the Table of Ranks was abolished, and the institution of chinovniks was liquidated. Persons employed in the field of public administration became known as civil servants.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Jeffery Smith (athlete)
Jeffery Itzen Smith (born 11 June 1943) is a former sprinter. Representing Northern Rhodesia, he competed in the men's 100 metres and men's 200 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Representing Rhodesia and Nyasaland at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Smith finished fourth in the 4 × 110 yards relay (with Johan Du Preez, Danie Burger, and Roy Collins), fifth in the 220 yards, and was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the 100 yards in Perth.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres was the second-shortest of the men's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. 63 athletes from 48 nations entered, with 6 not starting in the first round. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The first two rounds were held on 16 October, with the semifinals and the final on 17 October. The event was won by 0.2 seconds by Henry Carr of the United States, the nation's 11th victory in the event. Fellow American Paul Drayton took silver; it was the fifth time in six Games that the United States had the top two finishers. Edwin Roberts gave Trinidad and Tobago its first medal in the men's 200 metres with his bronze.
2012 Allan Cup
The 2012 Allan Cup was the Canadian championship of senior ice hockey and was the 104th year the Allan Cup was awarded.  It was contended in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan from April 16 to April 21, 2012 and hosted by the Lloydminster Border Kings of the Saskatchewan Hockey Association.  The South East Prairie Thunder of Manitoba defeated the Rosetown Red Wings of Saskatchewan to win their first national championship.  The Thunder were runners up in 2009.

Hockey Saskatchewan
Hockey Saskatchewan is the governing body of all ice hockey in Saskatchewan. Hockey Saskatchewan is a branch of Hockey Canada. Hockey Saskatchewan was established as the Saskatchewan Amateur Hockey Association in 1906, and was later known as the Saskatchewan Hockey Association.
Mouth Silence
Mouth Silence is the second mashup mixtape by American musician and comedian Neil Cicierega. Following the format of his previous release, Mouth Sounds, the mixtape is composed of mashups and remixes of popular songs from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.

Unlike Mouth Sounds, which used the song "All Star" by Smash Mouth as a recurring element, Mouth Silence relegates said song to Easter eggs.

A third installment, Mouth Moods, was released in 2017, and a fourth installment, Mouth Dreams, in 2020.

Although Mouth Silence is the second mixtape released in the series, according to Cicierega, it is a prequel to Mouth Sounds. It is, jokingly, also considered a "squeakquel" to Mouth Moods and a "shriekquel" to Mouth Dreams.

Several tracks feature original instrumental work by Cicierega, and the instrumental to "Space Monkey Mafia" is entirely original.

Mashup (music)
A mashup (also mesh, mash up, mash-up, blend, bastard pop or bootleg) is a creative work, usually a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, typically by superimposing the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another and changing the tempo and key where necessary. Such works are considered "transformative" of original content and in the United States they may find protection from copyright claims under the "fair use" doctrine of copyright law.
Gamma Arietis
Gamma Arietis is a binary or possibly trinary star system in the northern constellation of Aries. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from γ Arietis, and abbreviated Gamma Ari or γ Ari. This system is called "The First Star in Aries" as having been at one time the nearest visible star to the equinoctial point. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the stars is 3.86, which is readily visible to the naked eye and makes this the fourth-brightest member of Aries. Based upon parallax measurements, the distance to Gamma Arietis from the Sun is approximately 166 light-years (51 parsecs).

The two components are designated γ1 Arietis or Gamma Arietis B and γ2 Arietis or Gamma Arietis A. The latter is formally named Mesarthim, pronounced /mɛˈsɑːrθɪm/, the traditional name for the Gamma Arietis system. γ1 Arietis may itself be a spectroscopic binary with a low mass companion.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
1939 Swiss Grand Prix
The 1939 Swiss Grand Prix was a motor race held at Bremgarten on 20 August 1939.

The Grand Prix was run as a combined event for Grand Prix cars and Voiturettes. Each class had a heat with the best from each going through to a combined final. This was the last victory for a German driver driving a German car until Nico Rosberg's victory at the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Chau Thanh
Châu Thành can refer to any of these Vietnamese districts:

Châu Thành District, An Giang

Châu Thành District, Bến Tre

Châu Thành District, Đồng Tháp

Châu Thành District, Hậu Giang

Châu Thành District, Kiên Giang

Châu Thành District, Long An

Châu Thành District, Sóc Trăng

Châu Thành District, Tây Ninh

Châu Thành District, Tiền Giang

Châu Thành District, Trà Vinh

Châu Thành district, Đồng Tháp province
Châu Thành is an old rural district (huyện) of Đồng Tháp province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 146,812. The district covers an area of 245 km2 (95 sq mi). The district capital lies at Cái Tàu Hạ district town.

Administratively, Châu Thành district, Đồng Tháp province is divided into 12 communes and 1 district town:

Cái Tàu Hạ district town (Capital district)

Phú Hựu commune

An Nhơn commune

An Phú Thuận commune

An Khánh commune

Hoà Tân commune

Tân Nhuận Đông commune

An Hiệp commune

Tân Bình commune

Tân Phú Trung commune

Tân Phú commune

Phú Long commune.
Jonathan Reed Winkler
Jonathan Reed Winkler (born 1975) is a historian and a professor of history at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio.  He teaches and researches on U.S. foreign relations, U.S. military and naval history, international history, security studies and strategic thought.  He is the author of Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I (Harvard University Press, 2008), winner of several prizes including the Birdsall Prize of the American Historical Association. His articles, commentaries and reviews have appeared in Diplomatic History, The Journal of Military History, the Naval War College Review, and other venues.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Charters Towers City, Queensland
Charters Towers City (formerly Lissner) is the central suburb and central business district of the town of Charters Towers in the Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Charters Towers City had a population of 2,219 people.

Charters Towers Region
The Charters Towers Region is a local government area in North Queensland, Australia southwest of, and inland from the city of Townsville, based in Charters Towers. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas which dated back to the 1870s.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$27.5 m.

In the 2021 census, the Charters Towers Region had a population of 11,794 people.
Funeral Games (novel)
Funeral Games is a 1981 historical novel by Mary Renault, dealing with the death of Alexander the Great and its aftermath, the gradual disintegration of his empire and the start of the Wars of the Diadochi. It is the final book of her Alexander trilogy.

Wars of the Diadochi
The Wars of the Diadochi (Ancient Greek: Πόλεμοι τῶν Διαδόχων, romanized: Pólemoi tōn Diadóchōn, lit. 'War of the Crown Princes') or Wars of Alexander's Successors were a series of conflicts fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death. The fighting started in 322 BC, the crucial battle of Ipsus was fought in 301 BC, the battle of Corupedium in 281 BC, and the struggle over Macedon was concluded in 272 BC.
Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
The 300 m rifle three positions event was one of five free rifle events of the competitions in the Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. They were held from August 3 to August 5, 1900. 30 shooters from 6 nations competed, with five shooters per team. Medals were given for individual high scores in each of the three positions, overall individual high scores, and the scores of the five shooters were summed to give a team score. The three positions event was won by Emil Kellenberger of Switzerland. Anders Peter Nielsen of Denmark took silver, while Ole Østmo of Norway and Paul Van Asbroeck of Belgium tied for bronze.

300 m rifle three positions
300 m rifle three positions (formerly known as one of four free rifle disciplines) is an ISSF shooting event, involving shooting 40 shots each from the prone, the standing and the kneeling positions. Men and women both shoot the same number of shots, though previously women only shot half the course – or 20 shots in each position.

Originally there had been champions declared in each position based on the results of the 40 shots in the three position match. A special 300 metre rifle prone match was added in 1982 however, after a pattern from the so-called English Match. After 1990, no World Championship medals have been awarded in the standing or kneeling position.
Giampiero Mazzi
Giampiero Mazzi (born 14 October 1974) is an Italian rugby union coach and former player who played as a scrum-half.

Born in Frascati, Lazio, Mazzi played all his career at Rugby Roma Olimpic, becoming a member of the first category in 1994/95. He played there until 2008/09. He won the titles of the Italian Championship, in 1999/2000, and the Cup of Italy in 1997/98. He became coach of the Rugby Roma Olimpic U-20 after finishing his career.

Mazzi won five caps for the Italy national team between 1998 and 1999, scoring 1 try. He was selected for the 1999 Rugby World Cup but did not play.

Frascati
Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum.  Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the white wine with the same name. It is also a  historical and artistic centre.
Gogia (surname)
Gogia (Georgian: გოგია) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akaki Gogia (born 1992), Georgian footballer

Mukhran Gogia (born 1971), retired male weightlifter from Georgia

Tamaz Gogia (born 1961), Abkhazian politician

David Gogiya (Давид Гогия) (born 1987), Born in the Republic of Georgia, graduated from the IFPA (Synergy), works in the government..

Akaki Gogia
Akaki Gogia (Georgian: აკაკი გოგია; born 18 January 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Oberliga Nordost-Süd club SC Freital.

Gogia began his career in Germany with VfL Wolfsburg, before transferring to Hallescher FC in 2013. Following an abortive 2015–16 season in England with Brentford, he returned to Germany and played for Dynamo Dresden and Union Berlin. Following a spell as a fringe player with Swiss club FC Zürich, Gogia returned to Germany to rejoin Dynamo Dresden in 2022, for whom he had earlier played on loan. Following another spell as a fringe player, he dropped into lower-league football in 2023. His nickname is "Andy".

Born in Georgia, Gogia was capped by Germany at U18 and U19 level.
Live Armageddon
Live Armageddon is the first live performance on DVD by Brazilian death metal band Krisiun, released in 2006 through Century Media. It was released simultaneously with their sixth studio album, AssassiNation. The DVD, which is nearly two hours in length, contains as its main feature, a performance recorded in Polish Metalmania festival in 2004. As a bonus, the DVD features 45 minutes of a show recorded in 2004 in São Paulo, that included bands such as Ratos de Porão e Korzus. The video also has two songs recorded in an amateur way at Wacken Open Air festival in 2001, footage from the Works of Carnage recording sessions, and the music video of "Murderer".

Korzus
Korzus is a Brazilian thrash metal band formed in São Paulo in 1983. They are one of the first bands of the Brazilian thrash metal scene, along with bands like Sarcófago and Sepultura. Their first release was issued in the seminal metal compilation called SP Metal on Baratos Afins label in 1985.

They changed the lineup a lot of times since the birth of the band, but three members, Marcello Pompeu (on vocals), Silvio Golfetti (on guitars) and Dick (on bass guitar) remained. The classic lineup of the band (1988–1992) was Marcello Pompeu (vocals), Silvio Golfetti (guitars), Marcello Nicastro (guitars), Dick (bass) and Roberto Betão Sileci (drums, replacing Zema who committed suicide in 1987).
Chip Healy
William Raymond "Chip" Healy Jr. (August 16, 1947 – October 8, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for the St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Vanderbilt Commodores.

After retiring from football in 1970, Healy moved around Tennessee working for his father's brokerage business, before retiring in 1987. Since 2001, he operated Transitional Living in Nashville, Tennessee, known as "Chip's Place", a treatment and living facility for men struggling with alcoholism, which initially included Healy himself.

A devout Christian, Healy lived in Nashville and had two children. His nephew Will Healy was the head football coach at East Tennessee State.

Chip Healy died in Nashville on October 8, 2019, at the age of 72.

Vanderbilt Commodores football
The Vanderbilt Commodores football program represents Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football. The Commodores compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) within the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are led by head coach Clark Lea. Vanderbilt plays their home games at FirstBank Stadium, located on the university's Nashville, Tennessee campus.
Julius Vähätalo
Julius Vähätalo (born 23 March 1995) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward, who is currently playing for TUTO Hockey of the Mestis.

Vähätalo was drafted 166th overall by Detroit Red Wings in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

2014 NHL entry draft
The 2014 NHL entry draft was the 52nd entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 27–28, 2014, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The top three selections were Aaron Ekblad by the Florida Panthers, Sam Reinhart by the Buffalo Sabres, and Leon Draisaitl by the Edmonton Oilers. This draft featured the first selection of a player from Oceania with Australian Nathan Walker being selected by the Washington Capitals in the third round.

As of 2025 there are 58 active NHL players from this draft.
Salair (town)
Salair (Russian: Салаи́р) is a town administratively subordinated to Guryevsk Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located 210 kilometers (130 mi) south of Kemerovo, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  8,262 (2010 census); 9,472 (2002 census); 11,452 (1989 Soviet census).

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
George Selway
Henry George Selway (21 February 1924 – May 1994), known professionally as George Selway, was an English actor. With a career that spanned 35 years, he was best known for his portrayal of Tom Humphries in the third series of the ITV comedy drama, Beryl's Lot (1976–1977).

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.