hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duncan Rule House
The Duncan Rule House is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States.  Rule was an attorney who hired E.R. Bogardus, a local builder to design and construct this house.  The 2½-story frame structure features a large gable on the north and south elevations of the house.  It is one of the few houses in the Shingle Style in Iowa that has an open gable like this.  Other elements of the house include the semi-circular bay on the main floor with a  somewhat asymmetrically placed veranda adjacent to it.  There is also a Palladian window in the attic.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Mason City, Iowa
Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 27,338 in the 2020 census. Mason City is known for its musical and masonry heritage, as well as being home to a significant collection of Prairie School style architecture. The city forms a regional commercial, industrial, and cultural hub for north-central Iowa with nearby Clear Lake.

The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area that includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties is located at the transportation junction between Interstate 35 and the Avenue of the Saints. Local public education is provided by North Iowa Area Community College and Mason City Community School District. The Winnebago River traverses the community to the southeast.
Zigzuella
Zigzuella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Parasport.de
Parasport.de Paramotoren (English: Parasport Paramoters) was a German aircraft manufacturer based in Schwanewede and founded by George Nevrela. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.

The company seems to have been founded before 2000 and remained active until about 2015. Like many companies founded in this period it is named after its website URL.

The company produced several different models over the years, including the early production Parasport.de Fun and the later Action GT and Ozone Viper.

Ultralight aircraft in the United States
Ultralight aircraft in the United States   are not considered to be light-sport aircraft, are not regulated as aircraft, and are exempt from aircraft rules by the FAA. Instead, they are treated as powersport items and have to follow their own ruleset, FAR-103, which is the most compact aviation regulation in existence.

While ultralights in other countries might have airworthiness certificates, an airworthiness certificate is not allowed for an ultralight vehicle in the USA. Any existing airworthiness certificate has to be surrendered to the issueing agency, including foreign agencies, before usage as an ultralight vehicle becomes legal. The FAA emphasizes that airworthiness and compliance with FAR-103 is the responsibility of the user during every flight.

In the United States, ultralights are not registered, nor is the pilot required to have a pilot's certificate.
Robert Rodman
Robert Rodman (1940–2017) was a lifelong academic, serving on the faculty of the University of North Carolina and Duke University  before becoming an associate professor of computer science at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. Rodman attended UCLA where he attained graduate degrees in mathematics linguistics.  At UCLA, he met and later worked with linguist Victoria Fromkin and authored the bestselling linguistics textbook An Introduction to Language. He was also a novelist, his work published by Boson Books in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Dr. Rodman died on 15 January 2017 from complications related to inclusion body myositis.

Victoria Fromkin
Victoria Alexandra Fromkin (née Landish; May 16, 1923 – January 19, 2000) was an American linguist who taught at UCLA. She studied slips of the tongue, mishearing, and other speech errors, which she applied to phonology, the study of how the sounds of a language are organized in the mind.
Charles Deverson
Charles Deverson (2 November 1905 – 2 February 1945) was an Australian cricketer. He played three first-class matches for South Australia in 1930/31.

Charles Deverson lived in the Port Adelaide area all his life and played for Port Adelaide in the Adelaide cricket competition. He was a right-arm fast-medium bowler. Among his 10 wickets in Sheffield Shield cricket were those of Donald Bradman twice, for 61 and 121, in Deverson's second match, when he took 4 for 60 and 4 for 86.

He died suddenly at the age of 39, leaving a widow, three daughters and a son.

Port Adelaide
Port Adelaide is a port-side region of Adelaide, approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of the Adelaide CBD. It is also the namesake of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield council, a suburb, a federal and state electoral division and is the main port for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of Adelaide and South Australia, with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world. Its Kaurna name, although not officially adopted as a dual name, is Yertabulti.
Louisiana Colonial Trails
The Louisiana Colonial Trails are a Louisiana Scenic Byway that follows several different state highways, primarily:

LA 6 from the Texas state line to Clarence;

LA 8 from the Texas state line to Jena;

LA 28 from Alexandria to west of Jonesville;

LA 29 from Bunkie to Long Bridge;

LA 107 from Cottonport to Pineville;

LA 115 from Marksville to northeast of Holloway;

LA 124, LA 8, and US 425 in a loop from Jonesville to Ferriday via Sicily Island;

LA 451 in its entirety; and

US 84 from Clarence to the Mississippi state line at Natchez.

U.S. Route 425
U.S. Route 425 (US 425) is a north–south United States highway that travels in the U.S. states of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. It was first commissioned in 1989.

The route's northern terminus is in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, at an interchange with Interstate 530/U.S. Route 63/U.S. Route 65/U.S. Route 79/US 65B/AR 190. Until 2005, its southern terminus was in Bastrop, Louisiana, at an intersection with U.S. Route 165. In 2005, it was extended to Natchez, Mississippi, at an intersection with U.S. Route 61.

US 425 is a consolidation of former state highways. Most of US 425 in Louisiana, for example, is merely a concurrency with Louisiana Highway 15 (LA 15).
New London Synagogue
New London Synagogue is a Masorti Jewish congregation and synagogue in St John's Wood in London, England, in the United Kingdom.

The congregation was founded in 1964 by followers of Rabbi Louis Jacobs, following the "Jacobs Affair" in which Jacobs was refused employment in the United Synagogue due to alleged heresy. It is the founding synagogue of the Masorti movement in the United Kingdom, which was established in 1985. Its congregation is made up of approximately 500 households and worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

The rabbis are Jeremy Gordon and Natasha Mann.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Standard Test Data Format
Standard Test Data Format (STDF) is a proprietary file format for semiconductor test information originally developed by Teradyne, but it is now a de facto standard widely used throughout the semiconductor industry. It is a commonly used format produced by automatic test equipment (ATE) platforms from companies such as SPEA S.p.A, Cohu, Roos Instruments, Teradyne, Advantest, and others.

STDF is a binary format, but can be converted either to an ASCII format known as ATDF or to a tab delimited text file. Decoding the STDF variable length binary field data format to extract ASCII text is non-trivial as it involves a detailed comprehension of the STDF specification, the current (2007) version 4 specification being over 100 pages in length. Software tools exist for processing STDF generated files and performing statistical analysis on a population of tested devices.

Reference: STDF Specifications V4

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Koledari Knoll
Koledari Knoll (Bulgarian: Коледарска могила, ‘Koledarska Mogila’ \ko-le-'dar-ska mo'gi-la\) is the rocky ridge extending 1 km in north-northwest to south-southeast direction, 320 m wide, and rising to 375 m on Foyn Coast in Graham Land.  It is situated in the north part of Churchill Peninsula, overlooking Adie Inlet to the northeast and Scar Inlet to the southwest.  The feature is named after the Bulgarian folkloric ritual of ‘Koledari.’

Scar Inlet
The Scar Inlet is an area of the Larsen Ice Shelf immediately northwest of Jason Peninsula, named after the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. It is bounded by Tashtego Point and Chapman Point.
The Machine (computer architecture)
The Machine is an experimental computer made by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. It was created as part of a research project to develop a new type of computer architecture for servers. The design focused on a “memory centric computing” architecture, where NVRAM replaced traditional DRAM and disks in the memory hierarchy. The NVRAM was byte addressable and could be accessed from any CPU via a photonic interconnect. The aim of the project was to build and evaluate this new design.

Keith Packard
Keith Packard (born April 16, 1963) is a software developer, best known for his work on the X Window System.

Packard is responsible for many X extensions and technical papers on X. He has been heavily involved in the development of X since the late 1980s as a member of the MIT X Consortium, XFree86 and the X.Org Foundation.

In 2011, O'Reilly awarded an open source award to Packard, as "the person behind most of the improvements made on the open source desktop in the last ten years at least." He is portrayed as one of the Faces of Open Source.
Shinoridate
The site of Shinoridate (志苔館跡, Shinoridate ato) in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan, is that once occupied by the Shinori Fort or Fortified Residence (as denoted by the tate or date ending). This was the easternmost of the so-called "Twelve Garrisons of Southern Hokkaido", built on the Oshima Peninsula by the Wajin from the fourteenth century. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1934 and is one of the Japan Castle Foundation's Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles.

Koshamain's War
Koshamain's War (コシャマインの戦い, Koshamain no tatakai) was an armed struggle between the Ainu and Wajin that took place on the Oshima Peninsula of southern Hokkaidō, Japan, in 1457. Escalating out of a dispute over the purchase of a sword, Koshamain and his followers sacked twelve forts in southern Ezo (道南十二館), before being overcome by superior forces under Takeda Nobuhiro. The principal record of the conflict is Shinra no Kiroku.
Loess Hills District AVA
Loess Hills District is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in western Iowa and northwestern Missouri established on March 3, 2016, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Shirley Frederiksen, on behalf of the Western Iowa Grape Growers Association and the Golden Hills Resource Conservation and Development organization proposing the establishment of the "Loess Hills District."  The district is a long, narrow north–south orientated swath of land along the Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers, covering 12,897 square miles (8,254,080 acres) from Hawarden, Iowa, to Craig, Missouri. There are approximately 66 commercially-producing vineyards covering a total of 112 acres (45 ha) distributed throughout the AVA, along with 13 wineries. Loess Hills District is not a sub-region within any established AVA.

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, statutorily named the Tax and Trade Bureau and frequently shortened to TTB, is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury, which regulates and collects taxes on trade and imports of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms within the United States.
Towaco station
Towaco is a station on NJ Transit's Montclair–Boonton Line located between U.S. Route 202 and Whitehall Road in the eponymous neighborhood of Montville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. The station opened as Whitehall in 1870 along the Boonton Branch of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and assumed its current name in 1905.

NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.
Niigata Daishoten
The Niigata Daishoten (Japanese 新潟大賞典) is a Grade 3 horse race organized by Japan Racing Association (JRA) for Thoroughbreds aged four and over. It is run in late April or early May over a distance of 2000 metres on turf at Niigata Racecourse.

The Niigata Daishoten was first run in its current form in 1979 and has held Grade 3 status since 1984. The race was run at Fukushima Racecourse in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2001. It was run over 2200 metres in 1984, from 1986 to 1989 and from 1991 to 1994.

Japan Racing Association
The Japan Racing Association (Japanese: 日本中央競馬会 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai, or JRA) is a public company established in Japan under a law to operate Chūō Keiba (中央競馬 Central horse racing) and to manage racecourses, betting facilities, and horse-training facilities in the country.

It was founded in 1954, according to the Horse Racing Law (競馬法 Keiba Hō) and the Japan Racing Association Law (日本中央競馬会法 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai Hō) and is operated under the strict oversight of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).
Shekhar Pathak
Shekhar Pathak is a historian, editor, publisher, activist, and traveller from Uttarakhand, India. He is known for his extensive knowledge of the history of colonial and postcolonial social movements and contemporary environmental and social issues in Uttarakhand, and colonial exploration in the Himalayas and Tibet. He has also been engaged in activism for various social and environmental causes since the 1970s.

Chipko movement
The Chipko movement (Hindi: चिपको आन्दोलन, lit. 'hugging movement') is a forest conservation movement in India. Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policies on deforestation, protesters in the 1970s engaged in tree hugging, wrapping their arms around trees so that they could not be felled.

Today, beyond its eco-socialist reputation, the movement is seen increasingly as an ecofeminist one. Although many of its leaders were men, women had a much more significant participation, as they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation, which led to a lack of firewood, fodder and water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years the women also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement. In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for its dedication to the conservation, restoration and ecologically-sound use of India's natural resources".
Hoštice (Kroměříž District)
Hoštice is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Hoštice lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Kroměříž, 32 km (20 mi) west of Zlín, and 225 km (140 mi) south-east of Prague.

Kroměříž
Kroměříž (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkromɲɛr̝iːʃ] ⓘ; German: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for Kroměříž Castle with its castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Edward F. Harrington
Edward Francis Harrington (September 16, 1933 – March 7, 2025) was an American lawyer who served as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization.

RICO was enacted by Title IX of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (Pub. L. 91–452, 84 Stat. 922, enacted October 15, 1970), and is codified at 18 U.S.C. ch. 96 as 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961–1968.

This article primarily covers the federal criminal statute, but since 1972, 33 U.S. states and territories have adopted state RICO laws, which although similar, cover additional state crimes and may differ from the federal law and each other in several respects.
Woolco
Woolco was an American-based discount retail chain. It was founded in 1962 in Columbus, Ohio, by the F. W. Woolworth Company. It was a full-line discount department store unlike the five-and-dime Woolworth stores which operated at the time. At its peak, Woolco had hundreds of stores in the US, as well as in Canada and the United Kingdom. While the American stores were closed in 1983, the chain remained active in Canada until it was sold in 1994 to rival Walmart, which was looking to enter the Canadian market. All of the former UK Woolco stores were sold by Kingfisher, which had bought the UK Woolworth business, to Gateway which subsequently sold them to Asda.

Kingfisher plc
Kingfisher plc is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, England.

It has over 1,300 stores in nine countries, and its brands include B&Q, Castorama, Brico Dépôt and Screwfix. Kingfisher is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Galatina
Galatina (Griko: Ας Πέτρο, romanized: As Pètro; Salentino: San Pietru; both lit. 'Saint Peter'), known before the unification of Italy as San Pietro in Galatina, is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecce in Apulia, southern Italy. It is situated about 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of the city of Lecce.

Griko language
Griko (endonym: Griko/Γκρίκο), sometimes spelled Grico, is one of the two dialects of Italiot Greek (the other being Calabrian Greek or Grecanico), spoken by Griko people in Salento, province of Lecce, Italy. Some Greek linguists consider it to be a Modern Greek dialect and often call it Katoitaliótika (Greek: Κατωιταλιώτικα, lit. 'Southern Italian') or Grekanika (Γραικάνικα). Griko and Standard Modern Greek are partially mutually intelligible.
Beyblade Burst Surge
Beyblade Burst Surge, known in Japan as Beyblade Burst Sparking or Beyblade Burst Superking (ベイブレードバースト超王, Beiburēdo Bāsuto Supākingu), is a 2020 original net animation series and the fifth season of Beyblade Burst. The series was produced by ADK Emotions and animated by OLM, and it began streaming in Japan on the CoroCoro and Takara Tomy YouTube channels on April 3, 2020. On September 15, 2020, it was announced that the season would receive television broadcasting on Tokyo MX on October 5, 2020. An English dub of the anime premiered on Disney XD in the United States on February 20, 2021. It also broadcast on 9Go! in Australia. The Japanese opening theme is "Sparking Revolution" while the Japanese ending theme is an instrumental version of "Sparking Revolution". The English opening theme is "We Got the Spin" by Konrad OldMoney while the English ending theme is an instrumental of "We Got the Spin".

Asatsu-DK
ADK Holdings Inc. d/b/a ADK, formerly known as Asatsu-DK, is a Japanese advertising agency. Headquartered in the Toranomon Hills building complex in Minato, Tokyo since June 2014 (previously in Tsukiji, Chūō, Tokyo), the firm is Japan's third largest advertising agency after Dentsu and Hakuhodo. The agency has 80 offices in over 20 countries. One, Asatsu-DK Europe, was established in 1993 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bain Capital owned the company between 2018 and 2025, when it was sold to South Korean video game developer Krafton.
Ozoliņš
Ozoliņš (Old orthography: O(h)solin(g); feminine: Ozoliņa) is a Latvian surname, derived from the Latvian word for "oak" (ozols). Individuals with the surname include:

Alberts Ozoliņš (1896–1985), Latvian weightlifter

Brigita Ozolins, Australian installation artist

Kārlis Ozoliņš (1905–1987), Latvian Soviet politician and journalist

Kārlis Ozoliņš (born 1994), Latvian ice hockey player

Kārlis Ozoliņš (born 2002), Latvian tennis player

Sandis Ozoliņš (born 1972), Latvian ice hockey player

Valdemārs Ozoliņš (1896–1973), Latvian composer and conductor

Brigita Ozolins
Brigita Ozolins is an Australian installation artist and senior lecturer at the University of Tasmania. She won the Qantas Contemporary Art Award in 2008 and her work has been commissioned for the Museum of Old and New Art and the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery.