hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Rand District Municipality
The West Rand District Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sedika wa West Rand; Afrikaans: Wesrand-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase West Rand; Sotho: Masepala wa Setereke wa West Rand) is one of the districts of the Gauteng province of South Africa, that covers the West Rand area, with the exception of Roodepoort. The seat of the district municipality is Randfontein. As of 2011, the most spoken language among its population of 820,995 is Tswana. The district code is CBDC8.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Kattakada
Kattakada is a town in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. It is situated 13 km north of Neyyattinkara town, 18 km south of Nedumangad town and 20 km east of the Capital City, Thiruvananthapuram.

There is also a Tehsil/Taluk called Kattakada. It comprises 14 revenue villages and 12 Panchayats that surround the town. This taluk was formed in February 2014.

The place name Kattakkada is derived from the Kattaal Devi Temple situated in the town. The word  Kattaal in Malayalam translates to Wild Banyan Tree.

Neyyattinkara
Neyyattinkara is a municipal town in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. It also serves as the administrative headquarters of Neyyattinkara taluk. Nestled along the banks of the Neyyar River, one of the district's principal rivers, the town derives its name from its location, with 'Neyyatinkara' in Malayalam translating to 'the shore of the river Neyyar.' Neyyattinkara ranks as the second most densely populated municipality in the district, following Varkala. Notably, the Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram is situated within Neyyattinkara Taluk."
Tomorica (river)
The Tomorrica (Albanian indefinite form: Tomorricë) is a river in southeastern Albania. It is a left tributary of Devoll, which feeds the Adriatic Sea in southeastern Albania. The river, 42 kilometers long, originates in the Ostrovicë Mountains, on the southern slopes of Mount Mieta (Maja e Mietës, 2024 m), at 1800 meters above sea level, near the village Gjogovicë. Its catchment area is 376 km2, collecting the waters of the Tomorr Mountains in the west and the Ostrovicë in the east. Significant left tributaries are only found on the lower reaches of the river: Velica, Leshnica, Kushova and Bregas.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Morton Pinkney railway station
Morton Pinkney (also known as Morton Pinkney for Sulgrave) was a railway station on the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (SMJ) which served the Northamptonshire village of Moreton Pinkney between 1873 and 1952. It was situated not far from Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of George Washington's family.

Sulgrave Manor
Sulgrave Manor is a mid-16th century Tudor hall house in Sulgrave, Northamptonshire, UK, built by Lawrence Washington, the 3rd great-grandfather of George Washington, first President of the United States.

The manor passed out of the hands of the Washington family in the 17th century and by the 19th had descended to the status of a farmhouse. In 1911, Theodore Roosevelt, a former US president, suggested a memorial to commemorate 100 years of peace between the United Kingdom and the United States, and the manor was bought for this purpose in 1914. Between 1920 and 1930 the manor was restored, and a garden was created by Reginald Blomfield. Sulgrave Manor is now administered by a trust and is a Grade I listed building.
Shirley Strum Kenny
Shirley Strum Kenny (born 1934) is an English scholar and retired university president. Kenny was the fourth president of Stony Brook University from 1994 until the end of the 2008–2009 academic year. She was the first woman to hold that position. She had served as the president of Queens College from 1985 to 1994. In 2012, Kenny served as the interim president of Augusta State University upon the retirement of its long time president William A. Bloodworth from July 1 until the position was eliminated on December 31, 2012 as a result of Augusta State University's merger with Georgia Health Sciences University on August 10 of the same year.

Queens College, City University of New York
Queens College (QC) is a public college in the New York City borough of Queens. Part of the City University of New York system, Queens College occupies an 83-acre (34 ha) campus primarily located in Flushing.

Queens College was established in 1937 and offers undergraduate degrees in over 70 majors, graduate studies in over 100 degree programs and certificates, over 40 accelerated master's options, 20 doctoral degrees through the CUNY Graduate Center, and a number of advanced certificate programs. Alumni and faculty of the school, such as Arturo O'Farrill and Jerry Seinfeld, have received over 100 Grammy Award nominations.

The college is organized into seven schools. It competes in Division II of the NCAA and sponsors 15 men's and women's championship-eligible varsity teams.
Clive M. Schmitthoff
Clive Maximilian Schmitthoff (24 March 1903 – 30 September 1990) was an Anglo-German legal scholar. He served as Gresham Professor of Law in London from 1976 to 1987, and is known for his contributions to trade law.

Born as Maximilian Schmulewitz in Berlin, to Anna and Hermann Schmulewitz (who later adopted the name Schmitthoff), he obtained his doctorate in law under the supervision of Martin Wolff at the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1927. Being Jewish, he emigrated to the United Kingdom following the Machtergreifung in 1933. He joined the British army in 1940, and adopted the name Clive Macmillan to disguise his origins in case he was captured.

Schmitthoff received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1978.

Gresham Professor of Law
The Professor of Law at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it created seven professorships; this was later increased to ten. Law is one of the original professorships as set out by the will of Thomas Gresham in 1575.

The Professor of Law is appointed in partnership with the Worshipful Company of Mercers.
The Schorrsiegel Affair
The Schorrsiegel Affair (German: Die Sache mit Schorrsiegel) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Jaap Speyer that featured Bernhard Goetzke, Walter Rilla and Anita Dorris. It was adapted from a novel of the same title by Fred Andreas. It was shot at the Terra Studios in Berlin. The film's art direction was by Hans Jacoby.

Hans Jacoby (art director)
Hans Jacoby (1898–1967) was a German art director who designed the film sets for many German productions. He worked for a number of companies during the Weimar Era, notably Bavaria Film, Terra Film and Universum Film AG. Of Jewish background, he emigrated to Austria following the Nazi takeover in Germany, where he worked  on The Eternal Mask (1935). He later emigrated to Argentina where he worked under the name Juan Jacoby Renard and also directed one film Sombras en el río in 1939. He was employed by the Argentina Sono Film company.
Tao Hua
Tao Hua (simplified Chinese: 陶桦; traditional Chinese: 陶樺; pinyin: Táo Huà; born December 12, 1972, in Shanghai) is a female Chinese softball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

In 1996 she won the silver medal as part of the Chinese team. She played all ten matches as infielder.

In the 2000 Olympic softball competition she finished fourth with the Chinese team. She played all eight matches as infielder.

Four years later she finished fourth again with the Chinese team in the 2004 Olympic softball tournament. She played all eight matches as infielder again.

Softball at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Softball was a women's sporting event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Games were played at the softball stadium in the Helliniko Olympic Complex from August 14 to 23. The United States won the gold while Australia took silver and Japan received bronze.

Softball was one of the three sports at the 2004 Athens Olympics that was for women only along with Synchronized Swimming and Rhythmic Gymnastics. Eight teams competed for the gold medal in only the third appearance of softball at the Summer Olympics. The softball competition featured 120 athletes.

Japanese pitcher Yukiko Ueno threw a perfect game—the first at an Olympics’ softball competition—in a preliminary round match against China. The United States dominated the overall competition, winning all seven of its preliminary matches and defeating Australia twice in the medal round.
Yaw Owusu Addo
Yaw Owusu Addo is a Ghanaian journalist, public servant, and politician. He served as the acting Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation from 2005 to 2007.

Prior to his appointment to the helm of the corporation, he was the Director of Radio at the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. As a journalist, Addo once served as the vice-president and later president of the Ghana Journalists Association. He was appointed Municipal Chief Executive of the Kwahu West Municipal District in 2017.

Kwahu West Municipal District
Kwahu West Municipal District is one of the thirty-three districts in Eastern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Kwahu South District in 1988, which was created from the former Kwahu District Council, until the southwest part of the district was split off to create Kwahu West District in August 2004; which it later was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 1 July 2007 (effectively 29 February 2008) to become Kwahu West Municipal District. The municipality is located in the western part of Eastern Region and has Nkawkaw as its capital town.
Max Ehrlich
Max Michaelis Ehrlich (7 December 1892 – 1 October 1944) was a German Jewish actor, screenwriter, and director on the German theater, comedy and cabaret scene of the 1930s.

Ehrlich began his career in the 1920s at various theatres, including leading roles in Max Reinhardt productions and revues. He appeared in 42 films, ten of which he directed, and on eight records. He wrote several books, including From Adelbert to Zilzer, his best-selling humorous collection of stories and anecdotes about sixty-two of his best known show business friends and colleagues.

Honeymoon (1928 German film)
Honeymoon (German: Flitterwochen) is a 1928 German silent film directed by E. W. Emo, and starring Margot Landa, Harald Paulsen, and Geza L. Weiss.

The film's art direction was designed by Kurt Richter.
Paul Albert Ancel
Paul Albert Ancel (21 September 1873 – 27 January 1961) was a French professor of medicine who worked on cytology, physiology, and embryology. He studied endocrine functions of the Leydig cells of the testes along with Pol Bouin.

Ancel was born in Nancy from where he received a degree in medicine in 1899. He received a doctor of science in 1903 with a thesis on the hermaphroditic gonad of the snail Helix pomatia. He worked as a professor of anatomy at Lyon from 1904 under Leon Testut and moved to Nancy in 1908 where he taught anatomy.  He worked under Adolph Nicolas and collaborated with Paul Bouin on Leydig cells. He worked at the institute of embryology at Strasbourg from 1919 and published more than 300 works relating to endocrinology, anatomy, cytology, embryology and teratology. His fellow researchers at Strasbourg include P. Vintemberger, Etienne Wolff, and S. Lallemand (his own daughter).

He was Knighted with the Legion of Honour (1921).

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Janis Sirelpuu
Janis Sirelpuu (born 14 August 1977, in Rakvere) is a former Estonian volleyball player and a volleyball coach. He was a member of the Estonian national team from 1998 to 2011 and represented his country at the 2009 and 2011 Men's European Volleyball Championships.

Sirelpuu started his professional career in hometown club Rivaal Rakvere and has played in various Estonian clubs during his career. He has also played two seasons in Belgium. After retirement from active playing in 2013 Sirelpuu became the head coach of his last team TTÜ (now rebranded as TalTech).

2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship
2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship was held from September 3 to September 13, 2009 in İzmir and Istanbul, Turkey.

Poland claimed their first Men's European Volleyball Championship title with an undefeated run. The final was concluded with a 3-1 victory against France. Bulgaria captured the bronze medal after defeating Russia 3-0. Poland's Piotr Gruszka was named the tournament's most valuable player.
Jane Slaughter (journalist)
Jane Slaughter (born January 9, 1949) is an American journalist who writes frequently on labor affairs. Her writing has appeared in The Nation, The Progressive, Monthly Review, and In These Times. She is based in Detroit.

In These Times (magazine)
In These Times is an American politically progressive monthly magazine of news and opinion published in Chicago, Illinois. It was established as a broadsheet-format fortnightly newspaper in 1976 by James Weinstein, a lifelong socialist.  It investigates alleged corporate and government wrongdoing, covers international affairs, and has a cultural section.  It regularly reports on labor, economic and racial justice movements, environmental issues, feminism, grassroots democracy, minority communities, and the media.

Weinstein was the publication's founding editor and publisher; its current publisher is Christopher Hass. As of 2017, it had a circulation of over 50,000. As a nonprofit organization, the magazine is financed through subscriptions and donations.
Numb (The Killing)
"Numb" is the sixteenth episode of the American television drama series The Killing, and the third of its second season, which aired on April 8, 2012. The episode is written by Eliza Clark and is directed by Brad Anderson. In the episode, Sarah learns of Rosie's backpack and forces herself to confront Holder; Richmond ponders his future as a paraplegic mayoral candidate; and Mitch Larsen returns.

Joel Kinnaman
Charles Joel Nordström Kinnaman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjǔːɛl ˈkɪ̂nːaˌman]; born 25 November 1979) is a Swedish-American actor. He first gained recognition for his roles in the 2010 Swedish film Easy Money and the Johan Falk crime series. Kinnaman is known internationally for his television roles as Detective Stephen Holder in AMC's The Killing, Takeshi Kovacs in the first season of Altered Carbon, and Governor Will Conway in the American version of House of Cards. He has also played Alex Murphy in the 2014 RoboCop remake, and Rick Flag in the DC Comics superhero films Suicide Squad (2016) and The Suicide Squad (2021). Since 2019, he has starred as NASA astronaut Ed Baldwin in the Apple TV+ science fiction drama series For All Mankind.
Raa (surname)
Raa is a Nordic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm (1838–1907), Swedish actor

Jan Raa (born 1939), Norwegian biologist

Torolf Raa (born 1933), Norwegian diplomat

Torolf Raa
Torolf Raa (born 2 May 1933) is a Norwegian diplomat.

Raa was born in Bergen, and graduated BA from Copenhagen School of Economics. Raa was a postgraduate student at the College of Europe, and received his MA in Political Science, from UC Berkeley. Raa started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1963, and was the Norwegian ambassador to Iraq from 1983 to 1988. Raa was then the Norwegian ambassador to Indonesia from 1988 to 1994, chief negotiator to the WTO from 1994 to 1997, and ambassador to South Korea from 1997 to 2001. Raa was associate partner of Norscan Partners, Oslo, from 2001 to 2007.
Triplex (typeface)
The Triplex type font style is a typeface designed by Zuzana Licko and John Downer in 1985 and 1989. It is distributed by Emigre. It is used by Avex & Prezi for its logo. It was also used as the typeface for Disney Channel from 1997-2002. It has both Sans-serif and Serif variation.

John Downer first designed sans-serif Triplex Italic in 1985, then Zuzana Licko designed the other fonts in the family, including Triplex Sans and Triplex Serif.

Avex Inc.
Avex Inc. (Japanese: エイベックス株式会社, romanized: Eibekkusu kabushiki gaisha /əˈvɛks/ /ˈeɪvɛks/, commonly known as Avex and stylized as avex) is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate led by founder Max Matsuura and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1988, the company manages J-pop talents like Ayumi Hamasaki, TVXQ! and internet sensation PikoTaro. It has also shifted into other business domains like anime, video games and live music events, partnering with Ultra Music Festival and hosting the annual A-nation. The company is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) keiretsu.
Appletini
An apple martini (appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy.  Although the drink contains no vermouth by default, the term "apple martini" is consistent with the trend of calling any straight liquor in a martini glass a "martini," such as the saketini or other variations.

This drink, originally called an Adam's Apple Martini because the bartender who created it was named Adam, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant.

Fruit brandy
Fruit brandy (or fruit spirit) is a distilled beverage produced from mash, juice, wine or residues of edible fruits. The term covers a broad class of spirits produced across the world, and typically excludes beverages made from grapes, which are referred to as plain brandy (when made from distillation from wine) or pomace brandy (when made directly from grape pomace). Apples, pears, apricots, plums and cherries are the most commonly used fruits.
Neil Haman McTaggart
Neil Haman McTaggart (December 30, 1882 – January 28, 1962) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Maple Creek in the House of Commons of Canada from 1921 to 1925 as a Progressive Party member.

He was born on a farm near Guelph, Ontario and travelled west to Indian Head, Saskatchewan in 1905, later settling on land near Gull Lake. McTaggart grew grain and raised some livestock. In 1920, he married Gladys Elizabeth Brown. McTaggart was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1925. He died in 1962.

Maple Creek (federal electoral district)
Maple Creek was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1953. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Moose Jaw riding.

It was abolished in 1952 when it was redistributed into Swift Current riding.
New Zealand at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
New Zealand at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia was represented by 249 athletes competing in over 19 disciplines, with 119 officials. This was the largest team that New Zealand had ever sent to a Commonwealth Games.

New Zealand has competed in every Commonwealth Games since the first British Empire Games in 1930, and is one of only six teams to have done so. Selection is the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic Committee.

New Zealand did not perform nearly as well as expected, recording their worst performance since 1982.  They had been expected to return with forty or fifty medals, but won only 31, finishing ninth.

The flag bearer for the opening ceremony was Hamish Carter — the reigning Olympic triathlon champion. At the closing ceremony Greg Yelavich who had competed since the 1986 Games and won the most Commonwealth Games medals (11) of any New Zealander was flagbearer.

2006 Commonwealth Games medal table
The 2006 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the 18th Commonwealth Games, were a multi-sport event held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006. A total of 4,071 athletes representing 71 Commonwealth Games Associations participated in 247 events from 16 sports. A total of 743 medals were awarded over the course of the Games.
Beira's Place
Beira's Place (/ˈbaɪrə/ BY-rə) is a Scotland-based private support service for female victims of sexual violence. Founded in 2022 by J. K. Rowling, the organisation describes itself as a "women-only service", and does not hire or provide services to transgender women.

Women-only space
A women-only space is an area where only women (and in some cases children) are allowed, thus providing a place where they do not have to interact with men. Historically and globally, many cultures had, and many still have, some form of female seclusion. These spaces refer to physical or digital environments created to serve the social, cultural, educational, health, and safety needs of women.
Our Lady of Czestochowa Parish, Boston
Our Lady of Czestochowa Parish is a parish in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1893 and was designated for Polish immigrants at Dorchester Ave in Dorchester.

This is one of Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Archdiocese of Boston.

Polish-American Catholic parishes in New England
A number of Polish-American Catholic parishes were founded by Polish immigrants in New England, United States from 1887. There are 78 such parishes in 10 dioceses.

Fr Franciszek Chalupka was the founder of the first Polish-American parishes in New England.

Media related to Churches built by Polish immigrants in New England at Wikimedia Commons