hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Witland
Witland is a seldom-used name for a historical region in the south-east Baltic region inhabited by Prussians (Aestii), called Estum in the text of  Wulfstan. The name appears in King Alfred's adapted version of Orosius, in which the traveller Wulfstan's accounts were incorporated.

According to Wulfstan, "the Vistula is a very large river, and near it lie Witland and Weonodland (Wendland); and Witland belongs to the Esthonians."

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in 1022, King Canute set sail for Isle of Wight (Old English: Wiht/Wihtlande). Some historians argue that the "Wiht/Wihtlande" in this case is actually Witland.

Wendland
The Wendland (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛntlant]) is a region in Germany on the borders of the present states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. Its heart is the Hanoverian Wendland in the county of Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony.

In 2012 the state of Lower Saxony nominated the Rundling villages in Hanoverian Wendland for the German shortlist of candidates for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Subsequent decisions that will determine the success of this bid take place in 2013 at the conference of education ministers (Kultusministerkonferenz) and no earlier than 2017 by UNESCO.
Dennis Coombe
Dennis Cameron Coombe (11 November 1911–1979) was a New Zealand amateur tennis player. He also worked as a tennis broadcaster and commentated at the Wimbledon Championships alongside Fred Perry for ITV.

Born in 1911, Coombe hailed from a prominent family in the Rangitikei area.

Coombe possessed a good all–round game and was regarded as a skilled tactician. A Wellington provincial player, Coombe was the North Island singles champion in 1935 and two years later became New Zealand national champion. He played a Davis Cup singles rubber for New Zealand in 1937, losing to Eustace Fannin of South Africa, then in 1939 partnered with Cam Malfroy to defeat the British pairing of Frank Wilde and Charles Hare in a doubles rubber.

A businessman by profession, Coombe lived for many years in England and served as a local representative for the New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association. He died in London in 1979.

ITV Sport
ITV Sport is the sports department of ITV plc, which produces and presents sports programming for the ITV network and ITVX. The branding was originally introduced in 1985 as an umbrella title for networked sports programming produced by ITV's regional franchises. The division took its current form in 2004 amid the acquisition of Carlton Television by Granada Television to form ITV plc, after which the sports departments of Granada, Carlton, and London News Network were amalgamated to form ITV Sport.

The majority of ITV Sport programmes are broadcast on ITV4 although live football, major horse races and the Rugby World Cup are shown on the ITV network (ITV1, STV and UTV). ITV2 and ITV3 are only used when ITV are showing sport on both ITV1 and ITV4.
Victor Weybright
Victor Weybright (1903-1978) was an American writer and publisher.

He was educated at Hull House and the University of Chicago.

During World War II he worked in London for the United States Office of War Information.

After the war Weybright was brought in by Allen Lane, head of the British publishing firm Penguin Books, to help Kurt Enoch run its American branch, Penguin Books Inc.

In 1948 together with Enoch he co-founded the publishing company New American Library. After retiring from NAL in 1966, he started the trade publisher Weybright & Talley in partnership with his stepson.

He travelled with gypsies and founded the North American chapter of the Gypsy Lore Society.

He wrote short stories for pulp magazines such as Adventure.

His hobbies included blacksmithing.

Gypsy Lore Society
The Gypsy Lore Society was founded in Great Britain in 1888 to unite persons interested in the history and lore of Gypsies and rovers and to establish closer contacts among scholars studying aspects of such cultures.
Dudley Collard
William Dudley Collard (1907–1963) was a British barrister and writer on law in the Soviet Union. Collard was a member of the Anglo-Soviet Law Association, and represented the Communist Party of Great Britain as a lawyer. His affiliation with communism led to the intelligence services keeping a file on him.

Following the "Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center" in 1937 (the second of the Moscow Trials), Collard published a book through the Left Book Club entitled Soviet Justice and the Trial of Radek and Others which argued that the trials had been conducted fairly. Most historians now conclude that the Moscow Trials were show trials.

He was married to Elizabeth Katherine Collard (1911—28 December 1978), a writer, journalist and political activist with a particular interest in Middle Eastern issues.

Left Book Club
The Left Book Club is a publishing group that exerted a strong left-wing influence in Great Britain, during its initial run, from 1936 to 1948. It was relaunched in 2015 by Jan Woolf and Neil Faulkner, in collaboration with Pluto Press.

Pioneered by Victor Gollancz, it offered a monthly book choice, for sale to members only, as well as a newsletter that acquired the status of a major political magazine. It also held an annual rally. Membership peaked at 57,000, but after the Soviet-Nazi non-aggression pact of 1939, it disowned its large Communist element, and subsequent years of paper-rationing, during and after the war, led to further decline. It ceased publishing in 1948.

The concept and series was revived in 2015, following at least one earlier effort to relaunch the series in the early 2000s.
Kepelino
Zepherin "Kepelino" Kahōʻāliʻi Keauokalani (c. 1830 – c. 1878) was a Native Hawaiian cultural historian who wrote Kepelino's Traditions of Hawaii. Born into a family descended from both the Hawaiian priestly class and nobility, Kepelino converted to Roman Catholicism with his family at an early age. He was educated by Catholic missionaries and briefly joined the mission to Tahiti before returning to finish his education in Honolulu. He became an editor of a Hawaiian language newspaper for Hawaiian Catholics and contributed many written works to the history and culture of Hawaii. Serving as a private secretary to Queen Emma of Hawaii, he espoused her candidacy for the throne in the 1874 monarchical election against Kalākaua. After the queen's loss in the election and Kalākaua's accession to the throne, Kepelino became involved in an attempt to overthrow the new king in favor of Queen Emma, which led to his trial and imprisonment for treason.

Kona District, Hawaii
19°41′58.56″N 155°59′24.00″W﻿ / ﻿19.6996000°N 155.9900000°W﻿ / 19.6996000; -155.9900000

Kona is a moku or district on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi in the state of Hawaii, known for its Kona coffee and the Ironman World Championship Triathlon. In the administration of Hawaiʻi County, the moku of Kona is divided into North Kona District (Kona ʻAkau) and South Kona District (Kona Hema). "Kona" sometimes refers to its largest town, Kailua-Kona. Other towns in Kona include Kealakekua, Keauhou, Holualoa, Hōnaunau and Honalo.
Battle of Nauplia (1770)
Fought during the Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774, this battle took place between 27 and 31 May 1770 at the entrance to the Argolic Gulf in the Ottoman Empire, when a Russian fleet under John Elphinstone engaged a larger Ottoman fleet. Although no ships were lost on either side, Russian casualties were heavy and they had to withdraw. Thus, the battle ended with an Ottoman victory.

John Elphinstone
John Elphinstone (1722 – 28 February 1785) was a British naval officer who served in the Royal Navy before joining the Imperial Russian Navy in 1770 with approval from the Admiralty. Together with fellow Britons Samuel Greig and Charles Knowles, Elphinstone was part of a group of Russian naval officers under Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov which defeated the Ottoman Navy at the Battle of Chesma, off Chios.
Commandant General in Stockholm
The Commandant General in Stockholm (Swedish: Överkommendanten i Stockholm) is a military position in Sweden with responsibility for state ceremonial activities. Lieutenant General Carl-Johan Edström, Chief of Defence Staff is the Commandant General in Stockholm since 1 October 2024.

Carl-Johan Edström
Lieutenant General Carl-Johan Edström (born 21 May 1967) is a Swedish Air Force officer. He currently serves as Chief of the Defence Staff since 1 October 2024. Prior to that Edström served as Chief of Joint Operations from 2023 to 2024, and Chief of Air Force from 2019 to 2022.
Castlemaine Art Museum
Castlemaine Art Museum is an art gallery and museum in Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1913, it is housed in a purpose-built Art Deco building, completed in 1931 and heritage-listed by the National Trust. Its collection concentrates on Australian art and the museum houses historical artefacts and displays drawn from the local district.

The museum is governed by private trustees and managed by a board elected by subscribers. It is funded by state and local governments with additional support from benefactors, local families, artists and patrons. Its trustees also oversee the management of Buda, a heritage-listed villa and garden 1.3 km adjacent to the museum, which houses its own collection of art and artefacts associated with the Leviny family, and is also open to the public for exhibitions, events displays and garden tours.

Margaret Preston
Margaret Rose Preston (29 April 1875 – 28 May 1963) was an Australian painter, printmaker and writer on art who is regarded as one of Australia's leading modernists of the early 20th century. In her quest to foster an Australian "national art", she was also one of the first non-Indigenous Australian artists to use Aboriginal motifs in her work. Her works are distinctively signed MP.
A418 road
The A418 road is a main trunk road in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England. It begins at a roundabout with the A4146 just north of Ascott, near Leighton Buzzard. It then runs south as a single carriageway through Wing to Aylesbury. This stretch is proposed for a dual carriageway bypass. After diving through Aylesbury the road runs past Aylesbury College before heading out into Stone. From there it runs past Haddenham to the M40 near Thame.  The road has been rerouted in two locations so that it no longer runs through Hulcott and Haddenham.

Haddenham, Buckinghamshire
Haddenham is a village and civil parish in west Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Aylesbury and 4 miles (6 km) northeast of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire. At the 2021 Census, the population of the civil parish was 5,725.
2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge
The 2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge was an international ice hockey tournament held in Campbell River, Courtenay, Duncan, Nanaimo, Parksville, and Port Alberni, British Columbia, Canada between December 29, 2008 and January 4, 2009. The venues used for the tournament included the Strathcona Gardens in Campbell River, the Comox Valley Sports Center in Courtenay, the Cowichan Valley Arena in Duncan, the Frank Crane Arena in Nanaimo, Oceanside Place in Parksville, and the Alberni Valley Multiplex in Port Alberni.  Canada Ontario defeated Canada Pacific in the final to capture the gold medal for the second consecutive year, while the United States defeated Canada West to earn the bronze.

Cowichan Community Centre
The Cowichan Community Centre (formerly known as Island Savings Centre) is a facility serving Cowichan Valley, British Columbia. It has a pool, theatre, arena, and gymnasium. It was built in 1978, on the former site of the Cowichan Curling Rink. Island Savings, "Vancouver Island's Credit Union", donated $1 Million CDN to the centre in exchange for a 10-year naming rights deal.  In 2019, the name reverted to "Cowichan Community Centre".
Jeffers Petroglyphs
The Jeffers Petroglyphs site is an outcrop in southwestern Minnesota with pre-contact Native American petroglyphs. The petroglyphs are pecked into rock of the Red Rock Ridge, a 23-mile (37 km)-long Sioux quartzite outcrop that extends from Watonwan County, Minnesota to Brown County, Minnesota. The exposed surface is approximately 150 by 650 feet (50 by 200 m) and surrounded by virgin prairie.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
2007 Libyan Al-Fatih Cup final
The 2007 Al Fatih Cup final was played on July 15, 2007 between Al Akhdar and Al Ittihad. This was Al Ittihad's 9th final, of which they had won four and lost 5, and Al Akhdar's 3rd. The game was a repeat of the 2005 final, when Al Ittihad comfortably won 3-0. Both sides had performed well in the league, Al Ittihad winning the title, and Al Akhdar coming 4th. Al Akhdar were guaranteed a place in the 2008 CAF Confederation Cup, as Al Ittihad had already qualified for the African Champions League as a result of winning the title. The game was close, but Al Ittihad won 1-0, thanks to a 53rd-minute goal from Burkinabé striker Pierre Koulibaly.

2008 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2008 CAF Confederation Cup was the fifth edition of the CAF Confederation Cup. Its schedule began with the preliminary round (home and away ties) in mid-February. The competition concluded on 22 November with CS Sfaxien winning the title.
Kohautia
Kohautia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Thirty-one species are known. The type species for the genus is Kohautia senegalensis.

Kohautia was named by Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal in 1829. This generic name honors Franz Kohaut (d. 1822), a plant collector who worked in West Africa for the botanist Franz Sieber (1789-1844).

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Mariner 5
Mariner 5 (Mariner V or Mariner Venus 1967) was a spacecraft of the Mariner program that carried a complement of experiments to probe Venus's atmosphere by radio occultation, measure the hydrogen Lyman-alpha (hard ultraviolet) spectrum, and sample the solar particles and magnetic field fluctuations above the planet. Its goals were to measure interplanetary and Venusian magnetic fields, charged particles, plasma, radio refractivity and UV emissions of the Venusian atmosphere.

Radio occultation
Radio occultation (RO) is a remote sensing technique used for measuring the physical properties of a planetary atmosphere or ring system. Satellites carrying onboard GNSS-Radio occultation instruments include CHAMP, GRACE and GRACE-FO, MetOp and the recently launched COSMIC-2.
Boldt Castle
Boldt Castle is a major landmark and tourist attraction in the Thousand Islands region of the U.S. state of New York. Open to guests seasonally between mid-May and mid-October, it is located on Heart Island in the Saint Lawrence River. Heart Island is part of the Town of Alexandria, in Jefferson County. Originally a private mansion built for German-American millionaire George Boldt, it is now maintained by the Thousand Islands Bridge Authority as a tourist attraction.

Wellesley Island
44°19′N 76°00′W﻿ / ﻿44.317°N 76.000°W﻿ / 44.317; -76.000

Wellesley Island is an island in Jefferson County, New York, the island is partially in the Town of Orleans and partially in the Town of Alexandria.
José Luis Rugamas
José Luis Rugamas Portillo (born 5 June 1953 in San Salvador) is a Salvadoran football manager and former professional player.

He was interim manager of the El Salvador national team. As a player, he represented his country at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.

FIFA World Cup qualifiers
The FIFA World Cup qualification is a set of competitive matches that a national association football team plays in order to qualify for one of the available berths at the final tournament of the men's FIFA World Cup.

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones, each organized by their respective confederations: AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North and Central America and the Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe). For each World Cup, FIFA decides the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the zones, based on the numbers and relative strengths of the confederations' teams.

As a courtesy, the host receives an automatic berth selection, as has happened with the immediate past tournament winner during much of the competition's history. All other finalists are determined on a standalone qualifying round achievement without regard to previous achievements.
American Nightmare (film)
American Nightmare is a 1983 Canadian slasher film directed by Don McBrearty and starring Lawrence Day, Lora Staley, Lenore Zann, Michael Ironside, and Alexandra Paul in her feature film debut. It tells the story of a successful pianist investigating the disappearance of his sister in an urban decadence as a serial killer targets prostitutes and sex workers. The screenplay by John Sheppard, based on a story by John Gault and Steven Blake, was influenced by the rising crime rates in American cities throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.

The film was executive-produced by Paul Lynch, who had previously directed Prom Night (1980). Filming took place in Toronto, Ontario in 1980 on a budget of CAD $200,000. The film initially received a small theatrical release in March 1983 in Canada before appearing on television in the United States the same year.

Sex work
Sex work is "the exchange of sexual services, performances, or products for material compensation. It includes activities of direct physical contact between buyers and sellers as well as indirect sexual stimulation". Sex work only refers to voluntary sexual transactions; thus, the term does not refer to human trafficking and other coerced or nonconsensual sexual transactions such as child prostitution. The transaction must take place between consenting adults of the legal age (generally 18 and older) and mental capacity to consent and must take place without any methods of coercion, other than payment. The term emphasizes the labor and economic implications of this type of work. Furthermore, some prefer the use of the term because it grants more agency to the sellers of these services.
Bob Aylward
Robert Aylward (2 February 1911 – 18 July 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from 1973 to 1974.

He stood unsuccessfully as a Fianna Fáil candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency at three successive general elections in 1965, 1969 and 1973. After his 1973 defeat, he was elected to the 13th Seanad as a senator for the Agricultural Panel, and died in office the following year.

His son Liam is a former Fianna Fáil MEP and TD, and another son Bobby was also a TD.

1969 Irish general election
The 1969 Irish general election to the 19th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 18 June, following the dissolution of the 18th Dáil on 22 May by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Jack Lynch. The general election took place in 42 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, with boundary changes under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1969. The governing Fianna Fáil won its fourth successive election.

The 19th Dáil met at Leinster House on 21 April to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lynch was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 13th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government.
David Johnson (Michigan jurist)
David Johnson (October 20, 1809 – April 28, 1886) was an American jurist, legislator, and lawyer.

Born in Sangerfield, New York, Johnson studied law in New York and was admitted to the New York bar. In 1838, Johnson settled in Jackson, Michigan and continued to practice law. He served as school inspector and district attorney. From 1846 to 1850, Johnson served as Jackson County, Michigan circuit court judge and was a Democrat. In 1845 and 1847, Johnson served in the Michigan House of Representatives. From 1852 to 1857, Johnson served on the Michigan Supreme Court. In 1864, Johnson was defeated in a Congressional election race. Johnson continued to practice law. Johnson died at his house in Jackson, Michigan.

Jackson County, Michigan
Jackson County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population of the county was 160,366 as of the 2020 census. Its seat of government is the city of Jackson. The county was set off in 1829 and organized in 1832. It is named for U.S. President Andrew Jackson and considered to be one of Michigan's "Cabinet counties", named for members of Jackson's Cabinet. Jackson County comprises the Jackson, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Jackson County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect. Jackson County is also home to the Michigan Whitetail Hall of Fame.
T-Kernel
T-Kernel is an open source real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for 32-bit microcontrollers. It is standardized by T-Engine Forum, which distributed it under  T-License agreement. There is also a corresponding Micro T-Kernel (μT-Kernel) implementation designed for embedded systems with 16-bit or 8-bit microcontrollers.

Today, it is distributed by TRON Forum, a successor of T-Engine Forum under T-License 2.2.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
Kamensk
Kamensk (Russian: Ка́менск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kamensk, Republic of Buryatia, an urban-type settlement in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia

Rural localities

Kamensk, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Surazhsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Kamensk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Yeniseysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Kamensk, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Pavlovsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Kamensk, Republic of Buryatia
Kamensk (Russian: Ка́менск; Buryat: Хаамин, Khaamin) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 7,160.