hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerusalem bagel
Jerusalem bagel or Jerusalem ka'ak (Arabic: كعك القدس, romanized: ka'ak al-quds; Hebrew: בייגל ירושלמי, romanized: beigel yerushalmi)  is a type of bread baked in Jerusalem.  It has a ring shape but is otherwise only baked and not boiled unlike a traditional boiled bagel. It is related to Middle Eastern ka'ak bread.

Typically, this is a yeasted, crusty bread which is shaped into an oblong ring and covered in sesame seeds.  The dough has a lighter texture than a traditional bagel. It can be sliced and served with various toppings. Countless variations of it exist across the Eastern Mediterranean, but the oblong one from Jerusalem remains the most iconic and is thought to stretch back to the Middle Ages.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Soini Helle
Soini Helle (15 April 1914 – 1992) was a Finnish chess player.

In the early 1950s Soini Helle was one of Finland's leading chess players. He played mainly in domestic chess tournaments and Finnish Chess Championships.

Soini Helle played for Finland in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1950, at first reserve board in the 9th Chess Olympiad in Dubrovnik (+0, =9, -1).

9th Chess Olympiad
The 9th Chess Olympiad (Croatian: 9. Šahovska olimpijada), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between August 20 and September 11, 1950, in Dubrovnik, FPR Yugoslavia (present day Croatia). Eighty-four players from 16 nations played a total of 480 games.  The acclaimed 1950 Dubrovnik chess set  was designed and manufactured specifically for the Olympiad.
Abe Williams
Abraham Williams (born 12 December 1940) is a retired South African politician from the Western Cape. He was the last apartheid-era Minister of Sport from 1993 to 1994 and then was the first post-apartheid Minister of Welfare and Population Development from 1994 to 1996.

Latterly a member of the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP), Williams served in the National Assembly until August 2000, when he was convicted of fraud and incarcerated. He served one year of a three-year prison sentence before receiving parole in September 2001.

Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture
The minister of sport, arts and culture is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa. The minister is responsible for sport, recreation and culture in South Africa. As of 2024, the current minister is Gayton McKenzie.
Stanley Potter (canoeist)
Stanley E. Potter (30 April 1915 – 10 August 1962) is a Canadian canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he and his partner Frank Willis finished tenth in the folding K-2 10000 m event.

Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's folding K-2 10000 metres
These are the results of the men's folding K-2 10000 metres competition in canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The K-2 event is raced by two-man canoe sprint folding kayaks. The race took place on Friday, August 7.

Twenty-six canoeists from 13 nations competed. The 1936 Games was the only time that the folding K-2 10000 metres was including in the canoeing competition.
Waccamaw River Memorial Bridge
Waccamaw River Memorial Bridge is a historic bridge located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina.

It was built in 1937 and opened to the public in April 1938, designated as a memorial to Horry County citizens who served in America's wars from the American Revolution through the First World War. Its cost was $370,000.  It is 1,270 feet long and carries U.S. Route 501 Business over the Waccamaw River. It is a multi-span continuous steel girder bridge made up of four steel girder main spans, four continuous steel string approach spans, and concrete piers which support the bridge deck. It features 28 cast-iron light standards along the balustrade, and the Gothic-influenced pointed arches cut out of its concrete piers.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Conway, South Carolina
Conway is a city in and the county seat of Horry County, South Carolina, United States.  The population was 24,849 at the 2020 census, up from 17,103 in the 2010 census, making it the 18th-most populous city in the state. The city is part of the Myrtle Beach Metro Area. It is the home of Coastal Carolina University.

Numerous buildings and structures located in Conway are on the National Register of Historic Places. Among these is the City Hall building, designed by Robert Mills, architect of the Washington Monument. Since the completion of the Main Street USA project in the 1980s, Conway's downtown has been revitalized with shops and bistros. Highlighting the renovation of the downtown area is the Riverwalk, an area of restaurants which follows a stretch of the Waccamaw River that winds through Conway.
1977 LPGA Championship
The 1977 LPGA Championship was the 23rd LPGA Championship, played June 9–12, 1977 at the Gold Course of Bay Tree Golf Plantation in North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Chako Higuchi won her only major title, three strokes ahead of runners-up Pat Bradley, Sandra Post, and Judy Rankin.

The purse was nearly tripled this year to $150,000, up from $55,000 in 1976.

It was the first golf major to be held in South Carolina. The Bay Tree Golf Plantation courses were closed and abandoned in 2006. Since then, the Senior PGA Championship (2007), PGA Championship (2012, 2021, 2031) (all at Kiawah Island Golf Resort's The Ocean Course), and the U.S. Women's Open (2019, Country Club of Charleston) have been held or are scheduled to be conducted in the state, with all four in the Charleston market.

Hisako Higuchi
Hisako "Chako" Higuchi (Japanese: 樋口久子, born 13 October 1945 in Kawagoe, Saitama) is a Japanese professional golfer.

Higuchi won the LPGA Championship on 12 June 1977, making her the first Asian-born player to win a major championship for either men or women. (No Asian-born player would win a men's major until Yang Yong-eun won the 2009 PGA Championship.) Alongside Ayako Okamoto, she dominated the 1970s and 1980s in Japanese women's golf.

Higuchi studied golf from Torakichi Nakamura, a member of Japan's winning team at the 1957 World Cup of Golf. She turned pro in 1967 and went on to win 69 titles on the LPGA of Japan Tour. She was 31 when she won her LPGA Championship.

Higuchi became President of the LPGA of Japan Tour in 1996. In 2003, she became the first Japanese golfer to be inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Perri Shakes-Drayton
Peirresha Alexandra Shakes-Drayton (born 21 December 1988) is a British retired track and field athlete. After specialising in the 400 metres hurdles in the early part of her career, a knee injury at the 2013 World Championships forced Shakes-Drayton to concentrate on the 400 metres on her return to athletics. She is the 2013 European Indoor Champion in the 400 metres and won a 2012 World Indoor Championship gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay. She has also won silver and bronze medals in the 4 × 400 m relay at the World Championships.

2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first of four IAAF World Athletics Series events in 2012, which includes the World Race Walking Cup, the World Junior Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The men's 200 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 18 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico.  The defending Pan American Games champion was Thiago Pereira of Brazil.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.

Swimming at the 2007 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The Men's 200m Freestyle at the 2007 Pan American Games occurred at the Maria Lenk Aquatic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the final being swum on July 20.

At this race, Shaune Fraser won the first medal of his country in swimming at Pan American Games at all times.
Anchored cross
The anchored cross, or mariner's cross, is a stylized cross in the shape of an anchor. It is a symbol which is shaped like a plus sign depicted with anchor-like fluke protrusions at its base. There are many variations on this symbol, but the most common form connects a ring with a bar, with a cross-bar, terminating on the other end with two curved branches or arrowheads. The anchor symbolizes hope, steadfastness, calm and composure. It also can symbolize security in one or more uncertain experiences of life, such as sea voyages, one's fate after death, and the vagaries of fortune.

Arrowhead
An arrowhead or point is the usually sharpened and hardened tip of an arrow, which contributes a majority of the projectile mass and is responsible for impacting and penetrating a target, or sometimes for special purposes such as signaling.

The earliest arrowheads were made of stone and of organic materials; as human civilizations progressed, other alloy materials were used.  Arrowheads are important archaeological artifacts; they are a subclass of projectile points.  Modern enthusiasts still "produce over one million brand-new spear and arrow points per year".

A craftsman who manufactures arrowheads is called an arrowsmith.
Negros killings
The Negros killings were a series of targeted assassinations carried out by unidentified gunmen in the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental in the Philippines. Some of the victims involved were suspected communists or sympathizers. Following the killings, Memorandum Order No. 32 was signed by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea on November 23, 2018, upon the orders of President Rodrigo Duterte deploying additional troops to the provinces of Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, Samar, and the Bicol Region to "suppress sporadic acts of violence" allegedly committed by lawless groups and to "prevent such violence from spreading and escalating elsewhere in the country." Even after the memorandum was signed, the incidence of killings continued. According to the Defend Negros Movement, the first recorded extrajudicial killing on Negros Island was Alexander Ceballos on January 20, 2017. The group also alleged that at least 84 persons have been killed since 2017.

Bicol Region
The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, and two off the shore: Catanduanes and Masbate.

The regional center is Legazpi, the most populous city in the region and has one independent component city, the pilgrim city of Naga. The region is bounded by Lamon Bay to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Sibuyan Sea and Ragay Gulf to the west. The northernmost provinces, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, are bordered to the west by the province of Quezon in the Calabarzon region.
Controversy and criticism of The X Factor (British TV series)
The X Factor in the UK has been subject to much controversy and criticism since its launch in 2004. This has included allegations of conflict of interest, voting irregularities and overcharging, product placement for sponsors, staging scenes, use of pitch correction technology, and exploiting vulnerable contestants. The series has also been criticised for developing singers as marketable products rather than creative individuals. As of April 2020, there have been fifteen completed series broadcast on the ITV network, as well as spin-offs The X Factor: Celebrity (2019) and The X Factor: The Band (2019).

Joe McElderry
Joseph McElderry (/məˈkɛldəri/; born 16 June 1991) is an English singer and songwriter. He won the sixth series of The X Factor in 2009. His first single "The Climb" reached number one  on both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Charts. He was also the winner of the second series of Popstar to Operastar in 2011 and the first series of The Jump in 2014. In 2015, McElderry played the lead role of Joseph in the touring production of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. In 2022, McElderry performed his Freedom Tour, a tribute to George Michael.

To date, McElderry has released five top 20 albums – two of them reaching the UK top three.
Shen Jong-chin
Shen Jong-chin (traditional Chinese: 沈榮津; simplified Chinese: 沈荣津; pinyin: Shěn Róngjīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sím Êng-tin; born 1951) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the vice premier of the Republic of China from 19 June 2020 to 30 January 2023.

Vice Premier of the Republic of China
The Vice Premier of the Republic of China (Chinese: 行政院副院長; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn Fù Yuànzhǎng; lit. 'Vice President of the Executive Yuan') serves as the deputy to the premier and is appointed by the president, on the recommendation of the Premier. The title of vice premier had been changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections. This includes both vice premiers of the Republic of China before 1949, when the seat of government was in Mainland China, and vice premiers since 1949, when the seat of government was relocated to Taiwan.
Zorns Lemma
Zorns Lemma is a 1970 American structural experimental film by Hollis Frampton. Originally starting as a series of photographs, the non-narrative film is structured around a 24-letter classical Latin alphabet. It remains, along with Michael Snow's Wavelength and Tony Conrad's The Flicker, one of the best known examples of structural filmmaking.

Michael Snow
Michael James Aleck Snow CC RCA (December 10, 1928 – January 5, 2023) was a Canadian artist who worked in a range of media including film, installation, sculpture, photography, and music. His best-known films are Wavelength (1967) and La Région Centrale (1971), with the former regarded as a milestone in avant-garde cinema.
Forensic Heroes II
Forensic Heroes II (Traditional Chinese: 法證先鋒II) is a TVB modern suspense series broadcast in May 2008 and it stars Bobby Au-Yeung, Frankie Lam, Yoyo Mung, Linda Chung, Raymond Cho and Florence Kwok with new casts Kevin Cheng and Charmaine Sheh in the second installment of the Forensic Heroes series.

Raymond Cho (actor)
Raymond Cho Wing-Lim (Chinese: 曹永廉, born 16 October 1964) is a Hong Kong television actor, singer and host. He currently works for the television company, TVB.

Cho began his career as a singer, winning a singing competition when he was 30 years old. After an unsuccessful attempt at being a singer, he gave acting a try. After filming some movies, he joined TVB. Notable dramas he has starred in are: Healing Hands II (2000), Healing Hands III (2005), Welcome to the House (2006), and At Home With Love (2006).

Cho married Elaine Chiang, the oldest daughter of Hong Kong actor David Chiang, on 28 November 2007. Their son, Brandon Cho, was born in 2008. Their second child, a daughter, Erin Cho, was born in 2011.
Geraldine Connor
Geraldine Connor, PhD, MMus, LRSM, DipEd (22 March 1952 – 21 October 2011), was a British ethnomusicologist, theatre director, composer and performer, who spent significant periods of her life in Trinidad and Tobago, from where her parents had migrated to Britain in the 1940s. Her father was actor, singer and folklorist Edric Connor and her mother was theatrical agent and cultural activist Pearl Connor. Geraldine Connor is best known for having written, composed and directed Carnival Messiah, a spectacular work that "married the European classical tradition of oratorio with masquerade and musical inspiration from the African diaspora". For more than 20 years, she lived in Skelmanthorpe in Yorkshire, England, where she went in 1990 as a lecturer at the University of Leeds.

Diploma of Education
The Diploma of Education, often abbreviated to DipEd or GradDipEd, is a postgraduate qualification offered in many Commonwealth countries including Australia, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
Citation graph
A citation graph (or citation network), in information science and bibliometrics, is a directed graph that describes the citations within a collection of documents.

Each vertex (or node) in the graph represents a document in the collection, and each edge is directed from one document toward another that it cites (or vice versa depending on the specific implementation).

Citation graphs have been utilised in various ways, including forms of citation analysis, academic search tools and court judgements. They are predicted to become more relevant and useful in the future as the body of published research grows.

Microattribution
The term microattribution (a form of data citation) is defined as "giving database accessions the same citation conventions and indices that journal articles currently enjoy". In the sense that the purpose of precise attribution is to extend the scholarly convention of giving citation credit, the provenance of a piece of scholarship (observation or data deposition) is recognized to give credit and priority to a preceding author. Microattribution is thus defined as "a scholarly contribution smaller than a journal article being ascribed to a particular author" or a small scholarly contribution being ascribed to a particular author. Since data accessions can describe contributions that can vastly exceed research articles in size and quality, quantum attribution or precise citation might be better terms.
Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
The black-headed ground snake (Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus), also known as the Palestine kukri snake is a species of small and elegant harmless snake, which is endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. It belongs to the Colubridae family. Two subspecies, Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus melanocephalus and Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini, are currently recognized.

Eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean is a loosely delimited region comprising the easternmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea, and well as the adjoining land—often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea. It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region, Anatolia; its smaller Hatay Province; the island of Cyprus; the Greek Dodecanese islands; and the countries of Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

Its broadest uses can encompass the Libyan Sea (thus Libya), the Aegean Sea (thus European Turkey and the mainland and islands of Greece), and the Ionian Sea (thus southern Albania in Southeast Europe) and can extend west to Italy's farthest south-eastern coasts. Although Jordan does not border the Mediterranean Sea, it is sometimes included in broader Levantine or Eastern Mediterranean frameworks for historical, cultural, or political analysis.
Alexander Samoylovich
Alexander Nikolaevich Samoylovich (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Самойло́вич; 29 December 1880 – 13 February 1938) was a Russian Orientalist and Turkologist who served as a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929), Rector of the Leningrad Oriental Institute (1922–1925), academic secretary of the Humanities Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929–1933), and director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1934–1937). He was arrested by the NKVD in October 1937, and was executed on 13 February 1938.

Turkology
Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. That includes ethnic groups from the Sakha, in eastern Siberia, to the Turks in the Balkans and the Gagauz, in Moldova.
General (Yugoslav People's Army)
General (YPA) or General (JNA) (Serbo-Croatian: General Jugoslovenske narodne armije, Генерал Југословенске народне армије, Slovene: General Jugoslovanske ljudske armade) was the highest rank of Yugoslav People's Army (in theory the second highest, after Marshal of Yugoslavia which was created for Josip Broz Tito and held by him alone). The only person to ever considered for promotion in rank of "General" was Ivan Gošnjak as deputy supreme commander. This rank was created in 1955 and it was abolished in 1974. After that the highest rank of Yugoslav People's Army was Army general for Yugoslav Ground Forces and Yugoslav Air Force, and Fleet admiral for Yugoslav Navy.

Army general
Army general or General of the army is the highest ranked general officer in many countries that use the French Revolutionary System. Army general is normally the highest rank used in peacetime.

In countries that adopt the general officer four-rank system, it is the rank of a general commanding a field army. However, in some countries such as Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, which have adopted the three-rank system, the rank of army general is immediately above that of divisional general. As such, it is the rank of commander of an army corps or larger formations. The equivalent position in the Commonwealth, U.S., and several other countries is simply general, four-star rank, or informally "full general".
Stigmella grandistyla
Stigmella grandistyla is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Puplesis in 1994. It is known from Georgia.

The larvae feed on Pyrus species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and are harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus /ˈpaɪrəs/, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees.

The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture.

About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, dried, or fermented as perry.
Gomphrena vermicularis
Gomphrena vermicularis, with common names silverhead, silverweed, saltweed, and samphire, is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to the Americas from the southeastern United States to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, and Brazil, and to western and central tropical Africa from Mauritania to Angola. It has edible stems and leaves.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.