hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Characteristic state function
The characteristic state function or Massieu's potential in statistical mechanics refers to a particular relationship between the partition function of an ensemble.

In particular, if the partition function P satisfies

or

in which Q is a thermodynamic quantity, then Q is known as the "characteristic state function" of the ensemble corresponding to "P". Beta refers to the thermodynamic beta.

Ensemble (mathematical physics)
In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statistical ensemble is a set of systems of particles used in statistical mechanics to describe a single
system. The concept of an ensemble was introduced by J. Willard Gibbs in 1902.

A thermodynamic ensemble is a specific variety of statistical ensemble that, among other properties, is in statistical equilibrium (defined below), and is used to derive the properties of thermodynamic systems from the laws of classical or quantum mechanics.
Studio Zünd: 40 Ans d'Evolution
Studio Zünd: 40 Ans d'Évolution is a box set by French rock band Magma. Released in 2009, the box consists of the band's 1970 to 2004 studio albums and the exclusive double CD Archiw I & II, a compilation of unreleased material, including the 1970 film soundtrack for 24 heures seulement, an alternate version of Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh - originally issued as a bonus on the first CD edition of the MDK album, the band's first demo recordings from 1970 (taken from an acetate disc), and an alternate take of "Eliphas Levi" from Merci (1984). Album tracks are not remastered. A similar live box set, Köhnzert Zünd, was released 2012.

Soprano saxophone
The soprano saxophone is a small, high-pitched member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented in the 1840s by Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax. Built in B♭, an octave above the tenor saxophone (or rarely, slightly smaller in C), the soprano is the smallest of the four saxophones in common use (the others being the alto, tenor and baritone), although there are smaller rare instruments such as the soprillo and sopranino.
Plaider les droits de l'homme
Plaider les droits de l'homme (PLDH) is a Strasbourg-based NGO active in the field of human rights. In collaboration with the University of Strasbourg (France)  and University of Freiburg it organises an annual Moot Court on the European Court of Human Rights. The German Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Johannes Masing, the German Professor Matthias Jestaedt and the French Professor Florence Benoît-Rohmer are in charge of this unique French-German collaboration. The honorary President of the association is Hans-Christian Krüger, former Deputy Secretary-General of the Council of Europe. Secretary general of the association is the French lawyer Dr Manuela de Ravel d'Esclapon.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
1816–17 United States Senate elections
The 1816–17 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1816 and 1817, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Democratic-Republican Party gained a net of two seats from the admission of a new state.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
Narciso Garay
Narciso Garay Díaz (June 12, 1876 – March 27, 1953) was a Panamanian violinist, composer, and political figure.

Born in Panama City, Garay was the son of painter Epifanio Garay; his sister was the poet Nicole Garay. He studied at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, where he took a first prize, and at the Schola Cantorum de Paris,
 and from 1902 until 1903 was a pupil of Gabriel Fauré. Returning to Panama, he became director of the new Escuela Nacional de Música, occupying the position from 1904 until 1918. Active as an ethnomusicologist, he published Tradiciones y cantares de Panama in 1930; his compositions include a sonata for violin. Active as well in the diplomatic service, at one time he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He died in the city of his birth.

Schola Cantorum de Paris
The Schola Cantorum de Paris (schola cantorum being Latin for 'singers' school') is a private music conservatory located in the Latin Quarter of Paris. It was founded in 1894 by Charles Bordes, Alexandre Guilmant and Vincent d'Indy as a counterbalance to the Paris Conservatoire's emphasis on opera.
Zalman Gorelik
Zalman Abramovich Gorelik (Belarusian: Залман Абрамавіч Гарэлік; Russian: Залман Абрамавич Горелик; 5 April 1908 in Bobruisk – 16 February 1987 in Minsk) was a geologist, tectonist, and organizer of the Geological Survey of Belarus. He was also the co-discoverer of the first deposits of  potash, rock salt, and oil in the Pripyat Trough. Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1973).

Potash
Potash (/ˈpɒtæʃ/ POT-ash) are mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The term potash derives from pot ash, either plant ashes or wood ashes that were soaked in water in a pot, which was the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era; the word potassium derives from the term potash.

In 2021, the worldwide production of potash exceeded 71.9 million tonnes (~45.4 million tonnes K2O equivalent), and Canada is the greatest producer of potash as fertilizer. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic potash (potassium hydroxide).
François Pétis de la Croix
François Pétis de la Croix (1653–1713) was a French orientalist.

De la Croix was born in Paris, the son of the Arabic interpreter of the French court and author, also named François Pétis de la Croix (1622–1695) and inherited this office at his father's death, afterwards transmitting it to his own son, Alexandre Louis Marie, who also became a notable orientalist. At an early age, de la Croix was sent by Jean-Baptiste Colbert to the Middle East; during the ten years he spent in Syria, Persia and Turkey he learned Arabic, Persian and Turkish and collected materials which he would use in future writings.

Masnavi
The Masnavi is an extensive Persian masnavi (a poetic form) written  by Rumi, and one of the most influential works in the history of Sufism. It is a series of six books of poetry that together amount to around 25,000 verses or 50,000 lines.

Ascribed to be like a "Quran in Persian", some Muslims regard the Masnavi as one of the most important works of Islamic literature, falling behind only the Quran. It has been viewed by many commentators as the greatest mystical poem in world literature. 
It is a spiritual text that teaches Sufis how to reach their goal of being truly in love with God.
Ab Ruk Online
Ab Ruk Online is a Thai drama series that aired on Channel 3 that stars Ann Thongprasom, Peter Corp Dyrendal, Prin Suparat, and Kimberly Ann Voltemas under Thong Entertainment. Ratings for the drama was considered solid, although the numbers spanning between only 4 and 6 percent. The drama proved to be a massive success in the mainland with social media coverage. With the highest ratings rate on the last week aired.

Channel 3 HD (Thailand)
Channel 3 HD (Thai: ช่อง 3 เอชดี; Thai: สถานีโทรทัศน์ไทยทีวีสีช่อง 3, lit. 'Thai Television Color Channel 3') is a Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial free-to-air television network that was launched on 26 March 1970 as Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial television station. Channel 3 is operated by BEC Multimedia Company Limited ("BECM"), a subsidiary of publicly traded company BEC World. The network is headquartered in the Maleenont Tower of Bangkok. Its slogan is คุ้มค่าทุกนาที ดูทีวีสีช่อง 3 ("Worth every minute, watch color television Channel 3").
2025 Big South Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2025 Big South women's basketball tournament will be a postseason women's basketball tournament that will end the 2024–25 season of the Big South Conference. It will be held from March 5–9, 2025 and will be played at the Freedom Hall Civic Center in Johnson City, Tennessee. The tournament winner High Point, received the automatic bid to the 2025 NCAA tournament.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Polish football clubs in European competitions
Football clubs from Ekstraklasa – the top Polish professional league for men's association football teams – have participated in European football competitions since 1955–56 season, when Gwardia Warsaw took part in the inaugural European Cup.

The biggest success by Polish clubs in UEFA-administered competitions is reaching a semifinal of the European Cup. The first one to achieve this round was Legia Warsaw in the 1969–70 season, followed by Widzew Łódź in the 1982–83 season. Moreover, Górnik Zabrze reached the final of the 1969–70 European Cup Winners' Cup, as did Ruch Chorzów in the 1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup.

Polish clubs were more successful in non-UEFA-administered Intertoto Cup. Polonia Bytom won the 1964–65 edition followed by losing in the final next year. Odra Opole and Zagłębie Sosnowiec reached semi-finals, each once. From 1967 to 1994, when only a group stage was held, 14 different clubs won their groups 24 times.

1969–70 European Cup
The 1969–70 European Cup was the 15th season of the European Cup, a club football tournament organised by UEFA for the domestic league champions of its member associations. It was won by Feyenoord of the Netherlands, who beat Scottish club Celtic after extra time in the final at San Siro in Milan on 6 May 1970. It was the first time the title had been won by a club from the Netherlands, and sparked a period of Dutch dominance in the competition, as Ajax won the next three titles.

For the first time in the European Cup, tiebreaker playoffs were abandoned in favour of the away goals rule; if both teams had scored the same number of away goals, one side was eliminated by the toss of a coin, something that was required in two of the matches (marked on the table below by "c/t").

Milan were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual champions Feyenoord in the second round.
Shyam Sunder Surolia
Pandit Shyam Sunder Surolia  (25 August 1920 – 20 July 2001) was an Indian freedom fighter since 1934. Then a 14-year-old child, he raised his voice against the feudal powers of the state of Rajasthan.

Jhunjhunu
Jhunjhunu is a city and municipal council in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jhunjhunu district. It is also the biggest city of the Shekhawati region, which includes Jhunjhunu, Churu and Sikar.
Georgi Petrov Georgiev
Georgi Petrov Georgiev (Bulgarian: Георги Петров Георгиев; born 3 August 1985 in Kazanlak) is a Bulgarian former cyclist, who competed professionally between 2004 and 2016 for the Koloezdachen Klub Nesebar, Heraklion–Nessebar, Tuşnad Cycling Team, Brisaspor, China Wuxi Jilun Cycling Team and Team Lvshan Landscape squads.

Kazanlak
Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък [kɐzɐnˈɫɤk] is a town in Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria. It is located in the middle of the Kazanlak Valley, at the foot of the Balkan Mountains, which forms the eastern part of the Rose Valley. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kazanlak Municipality. The ancient Thracian city of Seuthopolis was situated near the town.

The town is among the 15 biggest industrial centres in Bulgaria, with a population of 44,760 people as of Dec 2017.

It is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols.
Roman Halter
Roman Halter (7 July 1927 in Chodecz – 30 January 2012) was a Polish painter, sculptor, writer, architect and Holocaust survivor.
He managed to escape from a cart while on a transport to Chełmno extermination camp. His mother, sister and her family were murdered in Chełmno. After the war he moved to Britain and became an architect, establishing practices in London and Cambridge.

In 1950, he married the Olympic swimmer Zsuzsa Nádor. A memorial bench in the couple's honour was installed at Crouch End Lido, where they used to swim, in the presence of the Mayor of Haringey, Sheila Peacock, Catherine West, MP, in 2020.

In 2007 he published a biographical book, Roman's Journey.

Chodecz
Chodecz [ˈxɔdɛt͡ʂ] is a town in Włocławek County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland. It is situated in the historic region of Kuyavia, midway between Lubień Kujawski and Przedecz. It is about 75 km (47 mi) north of Łódź, 150 km (93 mi) west of Warsaw and 28 km (17 mi) south of Włocławek. The southwest side of Chodecz borders on Lake Chodeckie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,244.
1996 Asian Classic
The 1996 Suntory Asian Classic was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 9–15 September 1996 at the Riverside Montien Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand.

Ronnie O'Sullivan won the tournament, defeating Brian Morgan 9–8 in the final. The defending champion John Parrott was eliminated by Rod Lawler in the first round.

Rod Lawler
Rod Lawler (born 12 July 1971) is an English former professional snooker player. He is noted for his slow playing style which gave rise to his nickname, "Rod the Plod".

After turning professional in 1990, Lawler reached one ranking tournament final, the 1996 International Open, where he lost 3–9 to John Higgins, and won one minor-ranking tournament, Event 3 of the 2012/2013 Players Tour Championship, where he defeated Marco Fu 4–2 in the final.

Lawler compiled over 100 competitive century breaks during his career. His highest is a 143, in qualifying for the 2003 World Championship. He fell off the tour at the end of the 2023-24 snooker season.
Paracuneus kemblensis
Paracuneus kemblensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

The epithet "kemblensis" is derived from Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia, where the species was first found.

Port Kembla, New South Wales
Port Kembla is a suburb of Wollongong  10 km south of the CBD and part of the Illawarra region of New South Wales. The suburb comprises a seaport, industrial complex (one of the largest in Australia), a small harbour foreshore nature reserve, and a small commercial sector. It is situated on the tip of Red Point: its first European sighting was by Captain James Cook in 1770. The name "Kembla" is an Aboriginal word meaning "plenty [of] wild fowl".
Micu
Micu is a Romanian surname literally meaning "a small one". Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Micu, Romanian fashion model

Ana Maria Micu (born 1979) is a Romanian visual artist

Dumitru Micu (1928–2018), Romanian historian and literary critic

Inocențiu Micu-Klein (1692–1768), Romanian bishop

Ioan Micu Moldovan (1833–1915), Romanian historian, theologian, folklorist, philologist and pedagogue

Mircea Micu (1937–2010), Romanian author

Radu Andrei Micu (born 1982), Romanian actor

Samuil Micu-Klein (September 1745 – 13 May 1806) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic theologian, historian, philologist and philosopher

Ana Maria Micu
Ana Maria Micu (born 1979) is a Romanian visual artist who works and lives in Botoșani, Romania. She graduated from the Art and Design University of Cluj-Napoca, receiving a B.A. in Fine Arts in 2002 and an MFA in 2004.
Mount Sizer
Mount Sizer is a prominent peak located on Blue Ridge in Henry W. Coe State Park, just east of Morgan Hill, California. Because Mount Sizer is the highest point on Blue Ridge and under 10 miles (16 km) from the park's headquarters, it makes it an ideal destination for day hikers. There are two ways to reach the summit. One by trails and one by a combination of trail and fire road. The fire road route leads almost directly up Blue Ridge to Mount Sizer and is affectionately nicknamed "The Shortcut". This road rises roughly 1,500 feet (457 m) in 1.3 miles (2.1 km) giving it an average grade of 22%. The park map by Pine Ridge Association lists the peak at 3216' elevation, but some other sources seem to place it at 3219 feet.

Firebreak
A firebreak or double track (also called a fire line, fuel break, fireroad and firetrail in Australia) is a nonflammable gap in vegetation or other combustible material that acts as a barrier to slow or stop the progress of a bushfire or wildfire. A firebreak may occur naturally where there is an absence of vegetation or "fuel", such as a river, lake or canyon. Firebreaks may also be man-made, and many of these also serve as roads, such as logging roads, four-wheel drive trails, secondary roads, or highways.
Killing Me Tenderly
"Killing Me Tenderly" is a song written by Amir Aly, Henrik Wikström, and Tobbe Petersson, and performed by Anna Sahlene & Maria Haukaas Storeng at Melodifestivalen 2009, finishing 7th in the 4th competition inside the Malmö Arena on 28 February 2009.

The song was also tested for Svensktoppen on 22 March 2009, but failed to enter chart. During Melodifestivalen 2012 the song was selected as one of the "Tredje chansen" entries.

Svensktoppen
Svensktoppen (Swedish: [ˈsvɛ̂nːskˌtɔpːɛn]) is a weekly record chart airing on Sveriges Radio. Until January 2003, the songs had to be in the Swedish language. Svensktoppen has aired since 1962, except for the years 1982–1985. In the years leading up to the January 2003 change, the programme was strongly dominated by dansband music.

The first number-one hit song was "Midnattstango" performed by Swedish crooner Lars Lönndahl.

New rules on 17 January 2016 restricted the maximum length for a song to chart to one year.
Nakpil
Nakpil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carmen Guerrero Nakpil (born 1922), Filipino writer and historian

Juan Nakpil (1899–1986), Filipino architect, teacher and community leader

Julio Nakpil (1867–1960), Philippine composer who fought in the Philippine Revolution

Julio Nakpil
Julio Nakpil y García (22 May 1867 – 2 November 1960) was a Filipino musician, composer and a General during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. He was a member of the Katipunan, a secret society turned revolutionary government which was formed to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. His Katipunan adoptive name was J. Giliw or simply Giliw. He was commissioned by Andres Bonifacio, President of the Insurgent Tagalog Republic, to compose a hymn which was intended to become the National Anthem of the Tagalog Republic. That hymn was entitled "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan". Thus, to some, he is remembered as the composer of the first national anthem of the Philippines. He is also a known huge critic of Emilio Aguinaldo.
John Friedrich
John Friedrich is the name of:

John Friedrich (actor) (born 1958), American film actor

John Friedrich (fraudster) (1950–1991), conman who worked Australia

John Friedrich (luthier) (born 1858), German-born violin maker who worked in the United States

John Friedrich (fraudster)
Johann Friedrich Hohenberger OAM (7 September 1950 – 27 July 1991), also known as John Friedrich, was executive director of the National Safety Council of Australia (Victorian Division) during the 1980s. He was the subject of Victoria's biggest fraud case and known as "Australia's greatest conman".
Do Not Disturb (Bananarama song)
"Do Not Disturb" is a song recorded by English girl group Bananarama. It was written and produced by the production duo of Steve Jolley and Tony Swain. Originally released as a stand-alone single in 1985, the track was later added to Bananarama's third album True Confessions, which was issued by London Records a year later. "Do Not Disturb" was released in the UK, Australia, Germany, and Japan but only charted in the UK.

Bananarama didn't like the song. Group member Keren Woodward later said of the True Confessions album, "It is all our ideas, it is what we wanted to sound like and sing about. Except 'Do Not Disturb' which Swain and Jolley wrote and which we don't think is very good. That's why there are eleven songs on the LP instead of ten". When released, "Do Not Disturb" was a mid-charting single, peaking at number thirty-one.

The single was also issued as three separate shaped picture discs. Each disc featured a member of the group, accompanied by a plinth to display them upon.

London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent.  The London name – as London American Recordings, often shortened to London American – was also used by British Decca in the UK market, for releases taken from American labels, which British Decca licensed.

The label is owned by Because Music, which also owns most of the label's 1980s and 1990s UK catalogue.