hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States v. Harris (1991)
United States v. Harris, 942 F.2d 1125 (7th Cir. 1991) was a case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit dealing with the exclusion of the value of property acquired by "gift" from the gross income of two income taxpayers.

Gross income
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).

For a business, gross income (also gross profit, sales profit, or credit sales) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. This is different from operating profit (earnings before interest and taxes). Gross margin is often used interchangeably with gross profit, but the terms are different. When speaking about a monetary amount, it is technically correct to use the term "gross profit", but when referring to a percentage or ratio, it is correct to use "gross margin".
HPTN 083
HPTN 083 is a 2016 clinical trial which compares cabotegravir injections with oral use of  Emtricitabine/tenofovir as pre-exposure prophylaxis ("PrEP") for prevention of HIV/AIDS.

The study seeks to test injectable PrEP as a way to remedy adherence for many patients on a daily pill regimen.

HPTN 083 is the first large scale phase III clinical trial of cabotegravir.

In February 2016 researchers presented the results of the ECLAIR study. That study examined cabotegravir and found no serious safety concerns.

The research is a collaboration of Gilead Sciences, HIV Prevention Trials Network, ViiV Healthcare, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Local study sites will include John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County.

On May 18, 2020, HPTN announced that the long-acting injections had been found to be a highly effective treatment.

Prevention of HIV/AIDS
HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
John Isenbarger
John Phillips Isenbarger (December 5, 1947 – March 2024) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers.

Indiana Hoosiers football
The Indiana Hoosiers football program represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football (FBS) and in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers have played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana since 1960.

The Hoosiers have won the Big Ten Championship three times, doing it first in 1945, again in 1967, and most recently in 2025. Indiana has appeared in 17 bowl games, including the 1968 and 2026 Rose Bowl games. In 2024 they made the College Football Playoff. In 2025, the Hoosiers achieved their second-ever undefeated regular season and won their first national championship in program history. Six Indiana players have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including Zora Clevenger, Bill Ingram, Pete Pihos, George Taliaferro, John Tavener, and Anthony Thompson, who was also National Player of the Year in 1989. The Hoosiers are currently led by head coach Curt Cignetti.
Close-mid back rounded vowel
The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨o⟩.

Mid vowel
A mid vowel (or a true-mid vowel) is any in a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately midway between an open vowel and a close vowel.

Other names for a mid vowel are lowered close-mid vowel and raised open-mid vowel, though the former phrase may also be used to describe a vowel that is as low as open-mid; likewise, the latter phrase may also be used to describe a vowel that is as high as close-mid.
Kunturillu (Ayacucho)
Kunturillu (Quechua for "black and white", Hispanicized spelling Condorillo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,400 metres (14,436 ft) high. It is situated in the Ayacucho Region, Huanca Sancos Province, Sancos District.

Department of Ayacucho
Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] ⓘ; Quechua: Ayakuchu), known as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanqa) from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department of Peru. It is located in the south-central Andes of the country. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho.
Arsen Avakov (footballer)
Arsen Georgievich Avakov (born 28 May 1971) is a former Tajikistani football player. He is of Armenian descent. Arsen won the top scorer award in the Ukrainian Premier League in 1995 while playing for FC Torpedo Zaporizhia, the first foreign player in history of the Ukrainian Premier League to do so.

Avakov began his playing career with FC Pamir Dushanbe in the Soviet Top League, before moving to clubs in Ukraine. He finished his career with FC Torpedo Moscow, FC Shinnik Yaroslavl, FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod and FC Uralan Elista in the Russian Premier League.

CSKA Pamir Dushanbe
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe (Tajik: Клуби футболи ЦСКА-Помир Душанбе, romanized: Klubi Futboli CSKA Pomir Dushanbe) is a professional football club based in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, which plays in the Tajikistan Higher League, the country's top division. Since 1997, the club has been under the patronage of the Tajik Army, like its former rivals CSKA Dushanbe.
Able Newspaper
Able Newspaper is a US monthly journal with both print and online versions that covers national, state and local news for people with disabilities. It covers legislation, politics, events and the three most important topics that concern people with disabilities - transportation, housing and employment.

The paper includes advertising for general products and services and those that are exclusive for people with disabilities. The paper also includes a calendar of events, classified ads and a personals page.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Masud Ahmad
Muhammad Masud Ahmad HI SI (Urdu: محمد مسعود احمد), best known as Masood Ahmad, (16 November 1943 – 29 December 2018) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and ICTP laureate known for his work in dual resonance and Veneziano model, a strings sting mathematically described the fundamental forces and forms of matter in quantum state.

Having specialised in Quantum and Statistical physics, Ahmad assisted and took part in the development of atomic bomb project as a member of Theoretical Physics Group in the 1970s, and participated in the development of the atomic bomb programme.

A staunch supporter of nuclear power, Ahmad has led Pakistan's delegation in many international and national forums and conferences in the issues of peaceful use of nuclear energy. A student of Abdus Salam, Ahmad was one of the senior scientists, despite his age, of Theoretical Physics Group – a physics group that was mandated to develop the designs of nuclear weapons.

ICTP Prize
The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Prize (ICTP Prize) is an annual award given by the ICTP Scientific Council since 1982. It is given to outstanding and original contributions in physics by young scientists from, and working in, developing countries. The prize includes a sculpture, certificate and a cash award.
Xiangdui Town
Xiangdui Town, known in Tibetan as Qamdün, (Standard Tibetan: བྱངས་མདུན', byangs mdun; Chinese: 香堆镇; pinyin: Xiāngduī zhèn; lit. 'Incense Heap Town') is a town of about 8,000 people in the Zhag'yab County of the Chamdo Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is home to a Gelug monastery as well as to a specific "blue mask" variety of Tibetan Opera. The Renda Cliff archaeological site is situated in the vicinity of Wangbu village (旺布村) about 12 km (7.5 mi) north of Qamdün.

Lhamo
Lhamo (Standard Tibetan: ལྷ་མོ, romanized: Lha mo), or Ache Lhamo, is a classical secular theatre of Tibet with music and dance that has been performed for centuries, whose nearest western equivalent is opera. Performances have a narrative and simple dialogue interspersed with comedy and satire; characters wear colorful masks. The core stories of these theatrical plays are drawn mostly from ancient Indian Buddhist folk tales, lives of important people and historical events from Tibetan civilization. However the ceremonial, dance and ritual spectacles strongly reflects the Tibetan Royal Dynastic period.

Very similar traditions are found in Bhutan and other regions influenced by Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan culture. There are at least three unique schools of Lhamo: Kyimulunga, Gyangara, and Chungba.
Abell 3266
Abell 3266 is a galaxy cluster in the southern sky that is part of the Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster. It is one of the largest in the southern sky, and one of the largest mass concentrations in the nearby universe.

The Department of Physics at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County discovered that a large mass of gas is hurtling through the cluster at a speed of 750 km/s (466 miles/second). The mass is billions of solar masses, approximately 3 million light-years in diameter, and is the largest of its kind discovered as of June 2006.

Mass concentration (astronomy)
In astronomy, astrophysics and geophysics, a mass concentration (or mascon) is a region of a planet's or moon's crust that contains a large positive gravity anomaly. In general, the word "mascon" can be used as a noun to refer to an excess distribution of mass on or beneath the surface of an astronomical body (compared to some suitable average), such as is found around Hawaii on Earth. However, this term is most often used to describe a geologic structure that has a positive gravitational anomaly associated with a feature (e.g. depressed basin) that might otherwise have been expected to have a negative anomaly, such as the "mascon basins" on the Moon.
Kentland Sewer
Kentland Sewer is a minor, 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) long river—brook—and drainage ditch of the Pevensey Levels in Hailsham, Wealden District of East Sussex, England. It gives rise to, and receives the waters of, several streams and ditches—most unnamed.

Pevensey Levels
Pevensey Levels is a 3,603.2-hectare (8,904-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Bexhill-on-Sea and Hailsham in East Sussex. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar site and a Special Area of Conservation. An area of 183.5 hectares (453 acres) is a national nature reserve and an area of 150 hectares (370 acres) is a nature reserve called Pevensey Marshes which is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust.

This is a large area of wetland grazing meadows intersected by a network of ditches. It has many nationally rare invertebrates. It may be the best site in Britain for freshwater mollusc fauna, including the endangered shining ram's-horn snail. It also has one nationally rare and several nationally scarce aquatic plants and it is of national importance for lapwing, with more than 1% of the British population.
Ronaldo Senfft
Ronaldo Camargo Ribeiro Senfft (born 12 July 1954) is a Brazilian sailor. He won the Silver medal in the Soling class at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles along with Daniel Adler and Torben Grael.

Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics program in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California. Seven races were scheduled. 66 sailors, on 22 boats, from 22 nations competed.
The Revenant (horse)
The Revenant (foaled 20 April 2015) is a British-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who specialises in races over 1600 metres or one mile and excels on soft or heavy ground. He was initially trained in England before moving to France in 2018 where he won three of his four races. In the following year he was gelded and improved significantly, winning the Prix Altipan, Prix Edmond Blanc, Badener Meile and Prix Daniel Wildenstein. In 2020 he repeated his victory in the Prix Daniel Wildenstein before recording his biggest win in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes.

Prix Daniel Wildenstein
The Prix Daniel Wildenstein is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September or early October.
Denis Naughten
Denis Naughten (born 23 June 1973) is an Irish former independent politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Roscommon–Galway constituency from 2016 to 2024, and previously from 2007 to 2016 for the Roscommon–South Leitrim constituency and from 1997 to 2007 for the Longford–Roscommon constituency. He was appointed Chair of the Committee on Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands in September 2020. He previously served as Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment from 2016 to 2018. He was a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from January 1997 to June 1997.

He was elected as a Fine Gael TD but sat as an independent from July 2011, having lost the Fine Gael parliamentary party whip.

Agricultural Panel
The Agricultural Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Agricultural Panel elects eleven senators.
Clementina Black
Clementina Maria Black (27 July 1853 – 19 December 1922) was an English writer, feminist and pioneering trade unionist, closely connected with Marxist and Fabian socialists. She worked for women's rights at work and for women's suffrage.

Matchgirls' strike
In July 1888 the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant & May match factory in Bow, London, England went on strike. At first, the strikers were protesting the dismissal of a worker after employees had refused a demand from  Bryant & May management to repudiate an article on terrible working conditions at the factory. When management promised to rehire the fired worker, the strikers continued the industrial action to bargain for a cessation of unfair deductions from pay and for other improvements to working conditions. With the help of social activist Annie Besant, they succeeded.

Following the strike's success, the Union of Women Matchmakers (later the Matchmakers' Union) was formed later in 1888. From its creation, it was the largest union of women and girls in the country, and inspired a wave of collective organising among industrial workers.
Linford Wood
Linford Wood is a 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Linford in Thurrock, Essex. It is owned and managed by Thurrock Council.

The site has mixed woodland, a willow plantation, hedges, ditches and an open area. Birds include tawny owls, great spotted woodpeckers and green woodpeckers. It is part of the Thurrock Thameside Nature Park.

There is access from East Tilbury Road.

European green woodpecker
The European green woodpecker (Picus viridis), also known as the yaffle and sometimes called a nickle, is a large green woodpecker with a bright red crown and a black moustache. Males have a red centre to the moustache stripe which is absent in females. It is resident across much of Europe and the western Palearctic but in Spain and Portugal it is replaced by the similar Iberian green woodpecker (Picus sharpei).

The European green woodpecker spends much of its time feeding on ants on the ground and does not often 'drum' on trees like other woodpecker species. Though its vivid green and red plumage is particularly striking, it is a shy bird, and is more often heard than seen, drawing attention with its loud calls. A nest hole is excavated in a tree; four to six eggs are laid which hatch after 19–20 days.
Ljig
Ljig (Serbian Cyrillic: Љиг) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. It has a population of 2,938 inhabitants, while the municipality has a total of 10,711 inhabitants.

It is surrounded by Mount Rajac and Mount Rudnik.

Mount Rajac
Rajac is a mountain in western Serbia. The summit of the mountain lies at 848 metres (2,782 ft).

The mountain is touristically the best developed and most accessible in the vicinity of Belgrade. On Rajac the battle of Kolubara was fought during World War I. Trenches dug by the Serbian army in November 1914 are still visible.
Stanislaus Lynch
Stanislaus Lynch (25 March 1908 – 15 June 1983) was an Irish author, poet, journalist, hunter and broadcaster. His work was part of the literature event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Lynch is the only Irish writer to be awarded two Olympic Diploma and Medal for The Literature of the Chase at the London Games in 1948 and Helsinki in 1952. In 1972, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature by Irish literary critic Desmond Clarke.

1972 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German author Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature." Böll is the fifth German author to be recipient of the prize.
Frederick Law Olmsted Summer Home
The Frederick Law Olmsted Summer Home, also known as Felsted, is a historic house in the town of Deer Isle, Maine.  It is located on the west side of the same-named island, south of the village of Sunset.  Designed by William Ralph Emerson and built in 1897, it was for one year the summer home of the famous landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in a bid to improve his failing mental health.  Olmsted, then retired and severely affected by senility, was later committed McLean Hospital in Massachusetts, where he died in 1903.  The house is a high-quality example of Shingle style architecture; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Deer Isle (island)
Deer Isle is an island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. There are two communities on the island, Deer Isle and Stonington.  
It is on the eastern side of Penobscot Bay, connected by road to the Maine mainland through Little Deer Isle. Its only vehicular connection to the mainland is State Route 15 over Deer Isle Bridge.
CrossFTP
CrossFTP is a free FTP, Amazon S3, Amazon Glacier, Google Storage, and Microsoft Azure storage client for Win, Mac, and Linux. CrossFTP adopts traditional FTP client GUI with local files displayed on the left, remote files on the right. CrossFTP Pro further includes SFTP, FTPS, and WebDav support, and features scheduling and directory synchronization.

FTPS
FTPS (also known as FTP-SSL and FTP Secure) is an extension to the commonly used File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and, formerly, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL, which is now prohibited by RFC7568) cryptographic protocols.

FTPS should not be confused with the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), a secure file transfer subsystem for the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol with which it is not compatible. It is also different from FTP over SSH, which is the practice of tunneling FTP through an SSH connection.
1994 (song)
"1994" is a song written by Thomas Rhett, Luke Laird, and Barry Dean and recorded by American country music artist Jason Aldean. It was released in March 2013 as the third single from Aldean's 2012 album Night Train. A tribute to Joe Diffie referencing many of his songs, the song has received mixed reviews from music critics. The song peaked at numbers 10 and 14 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts respectively. It also reached number 52 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over 500,000 units in that country. It garnered similar chart success in Canada, reaching number 18 on the Country chart and number 65 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart.

The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Wes Edwards.

Luke Laird
Luke Robert Laird (born May 4, 1978, in Hartstown, Pennsylvania) is an American country music songwriter and producer. He has written more than 20 number one Billboard singles, including Carrie Underwood's "So Small", "Temporary Home", and "Undo It"; Blake Shelton's "Gonna"; Sara Evans' "A Little Bit Stronger"; Rodney Atkins's "Take a Back Road"; Eric Church's "Drink in My Hand", "Give Me Back My Hometown", and "Talladega"; Little Big Town's "Pontoon"; Luke Bryan's "I See You" and "Fast"; Thomas Rhett's "T-Shirt"; Kenny Chesney's "American Kids"; Lady Antebellum's "Downtown"; and Jon Pardi's "Head Over Boots." He has also written and produced songs for Tim McGraw, Rascal Flatts, Kacey Musgraves, Toby Keith, Ne-Yo, John Legend, Darius Rucker, and many others.
Verona, Calhoun County, Michigan
Verona, Michigan was a town then in Emmett Township which was an early rival for commercial dominance of the area with Battle Creek.  Battle Creek eventually became the dominant city and the area that was once Verona has since been annexed into the city of Battle Creek.  Verona had a school as early as 1852.

Verona was founded in 1835 by Ezra Convis.  By 1837 it has a population about equal to that of Battle Creek.  There was a saw mill, a grist mill, 2 dry goods store and a tavern.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin
The Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin or Dominican Sisters of the Anunciata constitute a Catholic religious congregation of apostolic life and pontifical right, founded in Vic (Catalonia, Spain) by the Dominican religious, Francisco Coll, on August 15, 1856.

Pontifical right
In Catholicism, "of pontifical right" is the term given to ecclesiastical institutions (religious and secular institutes, societies of apostolic life) either created by the Holy See, or approved by it with the formal decree known by the Latin name decretum laudis ('decree of praise'). The term is included in the names of institutions, often capitalised in English: "Institute of [xxx] of Pontifical Right".

The institutions of pontifical right depend immediately and exclusively on the Holy See on matters of internal governance and discipline.