hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fashion Theory
Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge. Established in 1997, it covers the study of fashion, including aspects from sociology, art history, consumption studies, and anthropology. In the first editorial, the founding editor-in-chief Valerie Steele (The Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology) stated that the journal approaches fashion "as the cultural construction of the embodied identity". The journal explores issues related to the body in society and also includes studies on practices of production, dissemination, and consumption of dress. Additionally, it features reviews of exhibitions and academic publications.

Fashion Institute of Technology
The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) is a public college under the State University of New York, in New York City. It focuses on art, business, design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry. It was founded in 1944.
Robert Jones (died 1774)
Robert Jones (1704 – 17 February 1774) was a Welsh-born politician.

He was born in Wales and in 1743 had gone into partnership with a merchant in Gibraltar. He was appointed an Elder Brother of Trinity House for life in 1753 and elected a director of the East India Company in 1754 and 1765, serving in both cases for the conventional 3 years.

He was a Member of Parliament for Huntingdon from 15 April 1754 to 1768. At that time he was described as a wine merchant.

In July 1770 Jones bought Babraham in Cambridgeshire and demolished the Elizabethan manor house which had been built in the Italian style by Sir Horatio Pallavicini [Palavicino].

He died in 1774. He had married and had a daughter, but as his daughter had married J. W. Adeane without his approval, he made his grandson Robert Jones Adeane his heir.

Huntingdon (UK Parliament constituency)
Huntingdon is a constituency west of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire and including its namesake town of Huntingdon. It has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Ben Obese-Jecty of the Conservative Party.

Before 2024, Huntingdon was considered a safe Conservative seat and was the seat of John Major, the Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997.

First established around the time of the Model Parliament in 1295, Huntingdon was the seat of Oliver Cromwell in 1628–1629 and 1640–1642.
Adrian Baird
Adrian Baird (born July 15, 1979) is a Canadian former professional football defensive end. He was drafted by the Ottawa Renegades in the fifth round of the 2005 CFL draft. He played CIS football for the Ottawa Gee-Gees.

Baird also played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Edmonton Eskimos and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Ottawa Gee-Gees
The Ottawa Gee-Gees (French: Gee-Gees d'Ottawa) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario.

The Gee-Gees won the national football championship, the Vanier Cup, in 1975 and 2000, while also appearing in the game in the 1970, 1980, and 1997 seasons. The Gee-Gees women's rugby team won the national championship in 2017, and the women's soccer team were national champions in 1996 and 2018. The men's cross country team won three national titles, in 1986, 1987, and 1990.

The men's rugby team will host the 2024 Canadian University Men's Rugby Championship and are granted automatic entry as hosts. They are undefeated at home in 2023 and 2024, and are consistently ranked as a top 10 team in the country.

The men's hockey team will host the 2025 U Sports University Cup from March 20–23, 2025 and are granted automatic entry as hosts. The team finished the 2023–24 season 20–8.
Angelus TV
Angelus TV was a Portuguese Catholic television channel founded in 2017 in the city of Fátima, Portugal. The headquarters of this TV station were near the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima in the Cova da Iria, from which transmitted multiple daily celebrations.

It was distributed on cable television systems in Portugal and via internet television worldwide.

Cova da Iria
Cova da Iria is a quarter in the city and civil parish of Fátima, in Portugal. Most of the reported apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children from the town took place here in 1917.

This neighborhood is considered a high income area of the city as it hosts numerous attractions, convents, hotels, and pilgrims’ hostels, and other tourist facilities. It is near the Aljustrel and Valinhos, two sites also associated with the visions.
Saltwick Bay
Saltwick Bay is a north-east facing bay approximately one mile (1.6 km) to the east of Whitby, on the east coast of North Yorkshire, England. The bay contains the Saltwick Nab alum quarries, listed under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The bay is part of the Saltwick Formation and known for its collections of fossils. The SS Rohilla hospital ship sank in the bay in 1914, and the fishing trawler Admiral Van Tromp was shipwrecked there in 1976. The bay is accessible through Whitby Holiday Park.

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
1980–81 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 1980–81 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Gonzaga University in the West Coast Athletic Conference (WCAC) during the 1980–81 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by 3rd season with head coach Dan Fitzgerald, the Bulldogs were 19–8 (.704) overall (9–5 in WCAC, 3rd), and played their home games on campus at Kennedy Pavilion in Spokane, Washington.

A loss in the finale to Portland likely cost Gonzaga a berth in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT). A 1980 graduate of Gonzaga Prep, point guard John Stockton was a freshman this season.

After the season, athletic director Fitzgerald stepped down as head coach and promoted assistant coach Jay Hillock. Four years later, Fitzgerald returned as head coach, and led the Zags for an additional twelve seasons (fifteen total).

1996–97 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 1996–97 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Gonzaga University in the West Coast Conference (WCC) during the 1996–97 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by fifteenth-year head coach Dan Fitzgerald, the Bulldogs were 15–11 (.577) overall in the regular season (8–6 in WCC, tied for fourth), and played their home games on campus at the Charlotte Y. Martin Centre in Spokane, Washington.

As announced two years earlier, athletic director Fitzgerald stepped down as head coach after the season, and nine-year assistant Dan Monson was promoted.
Jessica Gower
Jessica Gower (born 1977, also credited as Jess Gower) is an Australian actress.

Gower graduated from the Australian National Theatre Drama School in 2000. Gower's first claim to fame was as a starstruck but confused fan in a 2001 television commercial for Telstra featuring John Farnham and Glenn Wheatley. However, she is best known to Australian and international audiences as the character Sam in the first season of the Network Ten drama The Secret Life of Us. She also appeared in the Foxtel series Crash Palace, the Seven Network's All Saints and the 2002 film Blurred.

Gower played Chase, a villainous vampire on Blade: The Series, which debuted on Spike TV on 28 June 2006. The show was cancelled after one season. In the 2010s Gower returned to Australia, making guest appearances on Wilfred, Mr & Mrs Murder, Winners & Losers, Nowhere Boys and the film The Very Excellent Mr. Dundee.

Nowhere Boys
Nowhere Boys is an Australian teen drama fantasy television series created by Tony Ayres. It was first broadcast on ABC3 (which is now officially named ABC Entertains) on 7 November 2013. The first two series follow the adventures of four mismatched teenage boys – goth Felix Ferne (Dougie Baldwin), nerd Andrew "Andy" Lau (Joel Lok), golden child Sam Conte (Rahart Adams), and alpha jock Jake Riles (Matt Testro). Nowhere Boys was renewed for a second series which began airing from 23 November 2014. An 80-minute feature-length movie based on the show, titled Nowhere Boys: The Book of Shadows, premiered in selected Australian movie theatres on 1 January 2016. A third series of Nowhere Boys, titled Two Moons Rising, started airing in 2016 with a new cast and characters, replacing the original cast members. The fourth and final series, titled Battle For Negative Space, started airing on 3 December 2018.
Lantern Pike
Lantern Pike is a hill located just outside Hayfield, in Derbyshire, England. The land lies within the Peak District National Park and is owned and maintained by the National Trust. It is permanently open to the public. According to Ordnance Survey, it is 373 metres (1,224 ft) in height (measured by air survey).

According to the booklet 10 Walks Around Hayfield, published by the Peak District National Park Authority, the name Lantern Pike probably comes from the hill's use as a beacon.

The hill is a popular hiking destination, and is often considered a continuation of nearby Kinder Scout. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs south to north past the summit and the Pennine Bridleway crosses the eastern flank of the hill.

Lantern Pike gives its name to the Lantern Pike Inn in nearby Little Hayfield.

Pennine Bridleway
The Pennine Bridleway is a National Trail in Northern England.

It runs roughly parallel with the Pennine Way but provides access for horse riders and cyclists as well as walkers. The trail is around 205 miles (330 km) long, extending from Derbyshire to Cumbria. It includes the 47-mile (76 km) Mary Towneley Loop and the 10-mile (16 km) Settle Loop. In its southern part, it follows the High Peak Trail along the trackbed of the former Cromford and High Peak Railway.
Oak Grove School (Prairieville, Alabama)
The Oak Grove School (1925–1960s) is a historic two-room Rosenwald School building, and former black school in rural Hale County, Alabama, United States.

The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1998, as a part of The Rosenwald School Building Fund and Associated Buildings Multiple Property Submission. It also has a historical marker erected in 2001 by the Oak Grove School Heritage Committee, and the Cahaba Trace Commission.

History of African-American education
The History of African-American education deals with the public and private schools at all levels used by African Americans in the United States and for the related policies and debates. Black schools, also referred to as "Negro schools" and  "colored schools", were racially segregated schools in the United States that originated in the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War. They were created in Southern states under biracial Republican governments as free public schools for the formerly enslaved. All their students were blacks. After 1877, conservative whites took control across the South. They continued the black schools, but at a much lower funding rate than white schools.
McPhillips (electoral district)
McPhillips is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada, that came into effect at the 2019 Manitoba general election. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.

The riding was created by the 2018 provincial electoral redistribution out of parts of St. Paul, The Maples, and Kildonan.

The riding contains the Rural Municipality of West St. Paul and the Winnipeg neighbourhoods of Garden City, Leila North, Templeton-Sinclair, Margaret Park, and a small part of Robertson.

The riding is named for Winnipeg Route 180 (locally called McPhillips Street), a major thoroughfare that links the Winnipeg and West St. Paul parts of the riding.

St. Paul (Manitoba electoral district)
St. Paul is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada. It was created by electoral redistribution in 2008 mostly out of the old Springfield riding.

Communities in the riding include the Rural Municipality of East St. Paul, West St. Paul, Oakbank, and Dugald. The 2006 census population was 19,995.
No Guts No Glory (Phyno album)
No Guts No Glory (abbreviated as NGNG) is the debut studio album by Nigerian rapper Phyno. It was released by Sputnet Records and Penthauze Music on March 20, 2014. The album features guest appearances from P-Square, Omawumi, Olamide, Stormrex, Efa, Flavour N'abania, Runtown, Ice Prince, M.I, Mr Raw, Timaya and Illbliss. Phyno enlisted Major Bangz, WizzyPro, Chopstix and JStunt to assist with production. Primarily recorded in Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin, No Guts No Glory was supported by the singles "Ghost Mode", "Man of the Year", "Parcel" and "O Set". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who commended its indigenous sound and lyrical depth.

Runtown
Douglas Jack Agu Listenⓘ (born 19 August 1989), known by his stage name Runtown, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and producer. His music blends Afrobeats, hip-hop, R&B, and reggae. He first gained recognition after releasing the 2014 single "Gallardo", which features vocals by Davido. His 2016 single "Mad Over You" peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Twitter Top Tracks chart.
Al-Hashemi-II
Al-Hashemi-II (Arabic: الهاشمي 2) is the largest dhow ever built, and is one of the largest wooden ships in the world today.  She sits next to the Radisson Blu Hotel in Kuwait City, Kuwait. She contains a maritime museum known as Al-Hashemi-II Marine Museum.

Radisson Blu
Radisson Blu is an international hotel brand owned by Choice Hotels in the Americas and by Radisson Hotel Group in the rest of the world. Founded as the SAS Hotels in 1960, the Radisson Blu brand name came into existence in 2006 with a rebranding of Radisson SAS. It operates in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region with 324 operating worldwide as of 2022.
Jim Oberstar
James Louis Oberstar (September 10, 1934 – May 3, 2014) was an American politician and Congressman who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2011. Hailing from Minnesota and a member of the state's local Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, he represented the northeastern eighth congressional district, which included the cities of Duluth, Brainerd, Grand Rapids, International Falls, and Hibbing, within an area of Minnesota known as the Iron Range. He chaired the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee from 2007 until his departure, having been the ranking minority member since 1995. In November 2010, he was defeated by a margin of 4,407 votes by Republican Chip Cravaack. He had the longest tenure of any Congressman from Minnesota.

Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Grand Rapids is a city in, and the county seat of, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 11,126 at the 2020 census. The city is named for the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) long rapids in the Mississippi River which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century. Today the rapids are hidden below the dam of UPM Paper Company.
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), also known as Ibuki (Japanese: いぶき, Hepburn: Ibuki; meaning "breath"), is an Earth observation satellite and the world's first satellite dedicated to greenhouse gas monitoring. It measures the densities of carbon dioxide and methane from 56,000 locations on the Earth's atmosphere. The GOSAT was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and launched on 23 January 2009, from the Tanegashima Space Center. Japan's Ministry of the Environment, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) use the data to track gases causing the greenhouse effect, and share the data with NASA and other international scientific organizations.

Ministry of the Environment (Japan)
The Ministry of the Environment (環境省, Kankyō-shō) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the government of Japan responsible for global environmental conservation, pollution control, and nature conservation. The ministry was formed in 2001 from the sub-cabinet level Environmental Agency established in 1971. The Minister of the Environment is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is chosen by the Prime Minister, usually from among members of the Diet.

In March 2006, the then-Minister of the Environment Yuriko Koike, created a furoshiki cloth to promote its use in the modern world.

In August 2011, the Cabinet of Japan approved a plan to establish a new energy watchdog under the Environment Ministry, and the Nuclear Regulation Authority was founded on September 19, 2012.
Zakai equation
In filtering theory the Zakai equation is a linear stochastic partial differential equation for the un-normalized density of a hidden state.  In contrast, the Kushner equation gives a non-linear stochastic partial differential equation for the normalized density of the hidden state.  In principle either approach allows one to estimate a quantity function (the state of a dynamical system) from noisy measurements, even when the system is non-linear (thus generalizing the earlier results of Wiener and Kalman for linear systems and solving a central problem in estimation theory).  The application of this approach to a specific engineering situation may be problematic however, as these equations are quite complex. The Zakai equation is a bilinear stochastic partial differential equation. It was named after Moshe Zakai.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
TV3 (Swedish TV channel)
TV3 (TV tre) is a Swedish pay television channel owned by Viaplay Group. It was launched on 31 December 1987 by businessman Jan Stenbeck.

The channel was initially broadcast across all of Scandinavia. In 1990, separate Danish and Norwegian feeds were launched. The channel's name refers to its launch at a time when television in Sweden was dominated by the two channels of SVT.

Viaplay Group
Viaplay Group AB, formerly known as Nordic Entertainment Group AB (NENT Group), is a Swedish media and entertainment company headquartered in Stockholm.

The company operates the video streaming services Viaplay, advertising-funded TV and radio channels, as well as the studio production company Viaplay Studios. Viaplay Group was founded in 2018 as a spinoff from MTG. Viaplay Group's first day as a publicly traded company was on 28 March 2019 listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
Norway national under-19 football team
The Norway national under-19 football team, controlled by the Football Association of Norway, is the national football team of Norway for players of 19 years of age or under at the start of a UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship campaign.

Norwegian Football Federation
The Norwegian Football Federation (Bokmål: Norges Fotballforbund, Nynorsk: Noregs Fotballforbund; NFF) is the governing body of football in Norway. It was formed in 1902 and organises the men's and women's national teams, as well as the league systems for men and women (whose top levels are respectively the Eliteserien and Toppserien). The current president of NFF is Lise Klaveness. By 1 January 2004, there were 1,814 clubs organized in Norway and 373,532 registered players. It is the largest sports federation in Norway.

The NFF joined FIFA in 1908, and UEFA in 1954.

The NFF was part of an unsuccessful joint bid with the SvFF, the DBU and the SPL to host the UEFA Euro 2008 championship. The SvFF invited the NFF to join them in bidding for the UEFA Euro 2016 championship. The NFF and Norwegian politicians expressed support for such a proposal, but Euro 2016 was eventually awarded to France.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 240
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 240 (P. Oxy. 240 or P. Oxy. II 240) is a declaration by a village scribe, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated 11 February 37. Currently it is housed at the British Library in London.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
2024 United States Senate election in New York
The 2024 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of New York. Democratic incumbent Kirsten Gillibrand was re-elected to a third full term, defeating Republican businessman Mike Sapraicone. Primary elections took place on June 25, 2024.

Gillibrand's victory was significantly closer than her previous two, and followed Chuck Schumer's narrower victory in 2022. This was the state's second consecutive Senate election in which the Republican garnered over 40% of the vote.

Gillibrand received around 90,000 more votes than Kamala Harris, while Sapraicone received around 330,000 fewer votes than Donald Trump.

Jewish Labor Committee
The Jewish Labor Committee (JLC) is an American secular Jewish labor organization founded in 1934 to oppose the rise of Nazism in Germany.  Among its central purposes is promoting labor union interests in the organized Jewish communities, especially in the USA, and Jewish interests within U.S. labor unions. The organization is headquartered in New York City, where it was founded, with local/regional offices in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago and Los Angeles, and volunteer-led affiliated groups in other U.S. communities. Today, it works to maintain and strengthen the historically strong relationship between the American Jewish community and the trade union movement, and to promote what they see as the shared social justice agenda of both communities. The JLC was also active in Canada from 1936 until the 1970s where it was led by Kalmen Kaplansky.