hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IB Group 3 subjects
The Group 3: Individuals and societies subjects of the IB Diploma Programme consist of ten courses offered at both the Standard level (SL) and Higher level (HL): Business Management, Economics, Geography, Global Politics, History, Information technology in a global society (ITGS), Philosophy, Psychology, Social and cultural anthropology, and World religions (SL only).  There is also a transdisciplinary course, Environmental systems and societies, that satisfies Diploma requirements for Groups 3 or 4.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
Ante meridian
Ante meridian is a misspelling of:

Ante meridiem, a Latin phrase meaning 'before midday', usually abbreviated as a.m.

Antimeridian, a meridian at 180° from another or the meridian opposite the prime meridian

180th meridian
The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system.  The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.
On Earth, the prime and 180th meridians form a great ellipse that divides the planet into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
Castle Cornet
Castle Cornet is a large island castle in Guernsey, and former tidal island, also known as Cornet Rock or Castle Rock. Its importance was as a defence not only of the island, but of the roadstead. In 1859, it  became part of one of the breakwaters of Guernsey's main harbour, St Peter Port harbour.

Island castle
The island castle, or insular castle, is a variation of the water castle. It is distinguished by its location on an artificial or natural island. It is a typical lowland castle.

Because the island on which the castle was erected is separated from the shore by at least two bodies of water, artificial defences such as moats or shield walls were usually unnecessary if the castle was surrounded by flowing water. Such castles could therefore be very easily and cheaply built. Many island castles in lakes were, however, relatively easily captured in winter if there was an ice sheet thick enough to support attacking troops, because they were often rather poorly fortified.
Tebenquicho
25°20′00″S 67°41′00″W﻿ / ﻿25.33333°S 67.68333°W﻿ / -25.33333; -67.68333Tebenquicho is a volcano in Argentina.

The volcano is constructed by lava domes, lava flows and pyroclastic flows. Among its eruption products are potassium-rich dacites which show evidence of having interacted with the crust when they formed. The volcano was active between 14 and 6 million years ago; as volcanism waned mafic activity started up elsewhere in the Puna.

Tebenquicho together with other volcanoes such as Antofalla is a back-arc stratovolcano of the Puna. These volcanoes developed starting from 15-14 million years ago in response to a change in the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. These edifices are voluminous and volcanic activity on them long-lasting. Additionally, Tebenquicho together with Galan, Llullaillaco and some monogenetic volcanoes forms the so-called Archibarca volcano lineament.

The volcano has a mountain sanctuary.

Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph; 90 ft/s) but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700 km/h (190 m/s; 430 mph; 640 ft/s). The gases and tephra can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).

Pyroclastic flows are the deadliest of all volcanic hazards and are produced as a result of certain explosive eruptions; they normally touch the ground and hurtle downhill or spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the density of the current, the volcanic output rate, and the gradient of the slope.
Protective Allied Army of the Law
The Protective Allied Army of the Law (Spanish: Ejército Aliado Protector de la Ley) was a military force established by General Francisco Morazán during the First Central American Civil War in 1828. Morazán made his first public appearance as Commander in Chief of the force on 9 June 1829, in front of the Chamber of Deputies in Guatemala.

The Army was composed of primarily Honduran, Salvadoran and Nicaraguan volunteers. Some indigenous soldiers served as well.

Hondurans
Hondurans (Spanish: Hondureños; also called catrachos) are the citizens of Honduras. Most Hondurans live in Honduras, although there is also a significant Honduran diaspora, particularly in the United States, Spain, and many smaller communities in other countries around the world.
McCall House (Fayetteville, North Carolina)
The McCall House, also known as the Arsenal House, is a historic home located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1862, and is a small one-story, four-bay, frame building with board-and-batten siding. It rests on a brick pier foundation and has a gable roof. The front facade features a full-width, hip roof porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Arnford Farmhouse
Arnford Farmhouse is a historic building in Hellifield, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.

The farmhouse was constructed in about 1700 as a pair of mirror-image semi-detached houses.  Nikolaus Pevsner describes it as "a very remarkable building", and Joan Thirsk argues that it must have been constructed by two heirs to shares of the estate.  In the 20th century, the two houses were combined, and in 1958, the building was grade II* listed.

The building is constructed of stone with millstone grit dressings, and a stone slate roof with kneelers.  It has two storeys and is eight bays wide.  Each house has a plinth, and contains a central doorway with a moulded surround, a pulvinated frieze and a moulded hood.  It contains cross windows with hood moulds, and a gabled dormer with a chamfered mullioned window, a kneeler and a spike finial. Inside, there is an inglenook fireplace.

Millstone Grit
Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles. The name derives from its use in earlier times as a source of millstones for use principally in watermills. Geologists refer to the whole suite of rocks that encompass the individual limestone beds and the intervening mudstones as the Millstone Grit Group. The term Millstone Grit Series was formerly used to refer to the rocks now included within the Millstone Grit Group together with the underlying Edale Shale Group.

The term gritstone describes any sandstone composed of coarse angular grains, and specifically refers to such sandstones within the Pennines and neighbouring areas of Northern England.
Axi language
Axi (Chinese: 阿细 Axi; Ahi; autonym: ɑ21 ɕi55 pʰo21) is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China. The Axi are one of the main linguistic sub-branches of Yi, and the Axi tiaoyue is a dance of the Axi speaking Yi people accompanied by the sanhu.

Axi is spoken in Mile, Shilin, Kunming, Luxi, and Huaning counties by about 110,000 speakers.

Shilin Yi Autonomous County
Shilin Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 石林彝族自治县; pinyin: Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn: Sani: ) is an autonomous county, under the jurisdiction of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, China. It borders Yiliang County, Kunming to the west, Luliang County to the northeast, Luxi County, Yunnan to the southeast, and Mile City to the south.
Michaela Hasalíková
Michaela Monzoni Hasalíková (born (1984-04-18)18 April 1984) is a Czech female former volleyball player, playing as a central. She was part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she played for Lokomotiv Baku and Olympiacos.

Czech Republic women's national volleyball team
The Czech Republic women's national volleyball team (Czech : České národní volejbalové družstvo žen) represents the Czech Republic in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The national team is organized by the Czech Volleyball Association (Czech : Český volejbalový svaz : ČVS) which is a member of the Federation of International Volleyball (FIVB) as well the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The national federation is also a part of the Middle European Volleyball Zonal Association (MEVZA).
Papy (2022 film)
Dads (Russian: Папы, romanized: Papy, lit. 'Dads') is a 2022 Russian children's comedy-drama film directed by Armen Ananikyan, Anna Matison, Karen Oganesyan and Sergey Yudakov. It stars Dmitry Nagiyev and Sergey Bezrukov. It is scheduled to be theatrically released on February 23, 2022.

Sergey Bezrukov
Sergey Vitalyevich Bezrukov (Russian: Серге́й Вита́льевич Безру́ков; born 18 October 1973) is a Soviet and Russian film and stage actor, singer, People's Artist of Russia, the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. He currently works at Tabakov Studio (the theatre of Oleg Tabakov). He is a member of the Supreme Council of the party United Russia.
Vladimir Minashkin
Vladimir Minashkin (also Minachkin, Russian: Владимир Иванович Минашкин; 1928–2000) was a Russian breaststroke swimmer. Between 1953 and 1957 he set eight world records, four in the 100 m breaststroke and four in the 4×100 m medley relay. He also broke a European record in the 200 m breaststroke in 1954 and won a gold medal at the 1958 European Aquatics Championships in the medley relay.

Nationally, between 1953 and 1959 he won six championships and set 13 records (USSR). In the 1990s, until 1998, he competed in the masters category and set 20 national records (Russia).

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Ferrette
Ferrette (French pronunciation: [fɛʁɛt] ⓘ; German: Pfirt [pfɪʁt] ⓘ; Alsatian: Pfìrt) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

It is situated close to the Swiss border. Its main attraction is the Château de Ferrette.

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
Yamada bugyō
Yamada bugyō (山田奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate with responsibilities as an official representatives of the shogunate in Ise.

Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner", "overseer" or "governor".

Ise, Mie
Ise (伊勢市, Ise-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [iꜜ.se, i.seꜜ.ɕi]), formerly called Ujiyamada (宇治山田), is a city in central Mie Prefecture, on the island of Honshū, Japan.  Ise is home to Ise Grand Shrine, the most sacred Shintō shrine in Japan.  The city has a long-standing title – Shinto (神都) – that roughly means "the Holy City", and literally means "the Capital of the Kami". As of 31 July 2021, the city had an estimated population of 123,533 in 55,911 households and a population density of 590 people per km2. The total area of the city is 208.53 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi).
Jason Esteves
Jason Fernando Esteves (born July 19, 1983) is an American attorney, businessman, and politician who represented Georgia's 35th Senate district from 2023 until his resignation in 2025. He served as an at-large representative and later as Board Chair of the Atlanta Public Schools Board of Education from 2013 until he assumed office in the Georgia State Senate. He assumed office on January 9, 2023, after being elected in November 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

In April 2025, Esteves announced that he would run for Governor of Georgia in the state's 2026 gubernatorial election. Later that year, he resigned from the Georgia State Senate to focus on his campaign.

Georgia's 35th Senate district
District 35 of the Georgia Senate is located in Metro Atlanta.

The district includes southeastern Cobb County and western Fulton County, including parts of Atlanta, Smyrna, South Fulton, and Vinings.  The district includes the Atlanta neighborhoods of Adamsville, Bolton, Collier Heights, and Riverside, as well as the Fulton Industrial corridor.

The seat is currently represented by Jaha Howard.
Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (23 January 1595 in Rastatt – 4 January 1665 in Kastellaun) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern.  He was a son of Margrave Edward Fortunatus and Maria of Eicken (d. 21 April 1636), the daughter of Joost of Eicken and Barbara of Moll.

Rodemack
Rodemack (French pronunciation: [ʁɔdmak]; German: Rodemachern [ˈʁoːdəmaxɐn]; Lorraine Franconian/Luxembourgish: Roudemaacher [ˈʀəʊ̯dəmaːχɐ] ⓘ, Ruedemaacher) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

Localities of the commune: Esing, Faulbach, Semming.
Gairdner River (Kimberley, Western Australia)
The Gairdner River is located in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The river is located in the west Kimberley, and is a 42 km long tributary of the Glenelg River.

The river has two main tributaries - Fish River and Dunedale Creek.

The Gairdner River was named in 1838 by Lieutenants George Grey and Franklin Lushington, on Grey's first disastrous exploratory expedition along the Western Australian coast.

Grey named the river after Gordon Gairdner, Senior Clerk of the Australian and Eastern Departments in the Colonial Office, later Chief Clerk of the Colonial Office and Secretary and Registrar of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George.

Gairdner also had named after him, on Western Australia's south coast near Bremer Bay, another Gairdner River, Gordon Inlet and Mount Gordon.

Bremer Bay, Western Australia
Bremer Bay is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Jerramungup, Great Southern region of Western Australia. It is situated on the south coast of the state, between Albany and Esperance, at the mouth of the Bremer River. Bremer Bay is 515 kilometres (320 mi) southeast of the state capital, Perth, and 180 kilometres (112 mi) east of Albany. It is on the lands of the  Southern Noongar (sometimes known as the Koreng) people of the Noongar nation. The claim for Native Title was made in September 2006.
The Mark on the Wall
"The Mark on the Wall" is the first published short story by Virginia Woolf. It was published in 1917 as part of the first collection of short stories written by Virginia Woolf and her husband, Leonard Woolf, called Two Stories. It was later published in New York in 1921 as part of another collection entitled Monday or Tuesday.

Leonard Woolf
Leonard Sidney Woolf ((1880-11-25)25 November 1880 – (1969-08-14)14 August 1969) was a British political theorist, author, publisher, and civil servant. He was married to author Virginia Woolf. As a member of the Labour Party and the Fabian Society, Woolf was an avid publisher of his own work and his wife's novels. A writer himself, Woolf created nineteen individual works and wrote six autobiographies. Leonard and Virginia did not have any children.
Anne Krigsvoll
Anne Katharine Krigsvoll (born 4 February 1957) is a Norwegian actress. She debuted at Nationaltheatret (the National Theatre) in 1982, and has worked there since. Here she has had roles such as "Shui Ta" in Brecht's The Good Person of Sezuan, and "Dorine" in Molière's Tartuffe. In 2002 she also had great success as "Martha" in Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. Krigsvoll has also worked in film and television, and in 1988 won the Amanda Award for her role in the TV-series Av måneskinn gror det ingenting. She has been married four times.

Tartuffe
Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite (/tɑːrˈtʊf, -ˈtuːf/; French: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, pronounced [taʁtyf u lɛ̃pɔstœʁ]), first performed in 1664, is a theatrical comedy (or more specifically, a farce) by Molière. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical theatre roles.
Kyle Thomas
Kyle Thomas (born 23 June 1983) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, producer, and actor. His first feature film, The Valley Below, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2014. It garnered two Canadian Screen Award nominations in the categories of Best Supporting Actor for Kris Demeanor and Best Original Song for Dan Mangan's "Wants". The film received largely positive reviews from the Canadian media, including The Globe and Mail and the National Post, who called the film a "superb first feature".

Dan Mangan
Daniel Mangan (born April 28, 1983) is a Canadian musician. He has won two Juno awards and has toured extensively throughout North America, Europe and Australia, having released 5 studio LPs and numerous EPs and singles. He has scored for feature film, as well as television for Netflix and AMC. He is also a co-founder of Side Door, a marketplace platform connecting artists with alternative venue spaces for in-person & online shows.
Silas Billong
Silas Billong (born 13 September 1974) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. After his retirement from playing, Billong became a referee. His brother, Romarin, was also a professional footballer.

Rodez AF
Rodez Aveyron Football (Occitan: Rodés Avairon) is a French association football club based in Rodez. The club was founded in 1929 and currently plays in Ligue 2, the second level of French football. The club plays its home matches at the Stade Paul Lignon located within the city. The women's squad was founded in 1993 and are known as the Rafettes. They play in the Division 1 Féminine, the top division in France.

From 1988–1993, Rodez played in Ligue 2, and on 11 April 2019 secured promotion back to this level after 26 years in the lower divisions.
Ordos Desert
The Ordos Desert (simplified Chinese: 鄂尔多斯沙漠; traditional Chinese: 鄂爾多斯沙漠; pinyin: È'ěrduōsī Shāmò) is a desert/steppe region in Northwest China, administered under the prefecture of Ordos City in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (centered ca. 39°N 109°E﻿ / ﻿39°N 109°E﻿ / 39; 109). It extends over an area of approximately 90,650 km2 (35,000 sq mi), and comprises two sub-deserts: China's 7th-largest desert, the Kubuqi Desert, in the north; and China's 8th-largest desert, the Mu Us Desert, in the south. Wedged between the arable Hetao region to the north and the Loess Plateau to the south, the soil of the Ordos Desert is mostly a mixture of dry clay and sand, and as a result is poorly suited for agriculture.

Yin Mountains
The Yin Mountains, also known as the Daqing Mountains, are a mountain range in the Eastern Gobi Desert steppe of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China. The Yellow River borders the mountains to the south.
Kim Taylor (politician)
Kimberly A. Taylor (born 1978) is an American politician serving as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 82nd district. A member of the Republican Party, she defeated incumbent Democratic delegate Lashrecse Aird in the 2021 election. Taylor represents parts of Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, and Prince George counties, taking in the city of Petersburg and parts of Hopewell.

Prince George County, Virginia
Prince George County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,010. Its county seat is Prince George.

Prince George County is located within the Greater Richmond Region of the U.S. state of Virginia.
Matthew Scott (Stargate)
First Lieutenant Matthew Scott, USAF is a fictional character from the 2010 science fiction television series, Stargate Universe, the third live-action series in the Stargate franchise, which centers on a group of soldiers and civilians trapped on the Ancient vessel Destiny. He is portrayed by Brian J. Smith. Matthew Scott holds the rank of First Lieutenant, and is described as a skilled and well-trained junior SGC member in his twenties, but is "mentally unprepared for the urgency of the situation" aboard the Destiny.

Originally named Jared Nash, Scott was among the first characters to have been created in the series. Before being cast, Smith had not seen the Stargate series, but caught up with much of SG-1 afterward. The character has been well received by critics as well as some of the cast and crew of the series.

Robert C. Cooper
Robert C. Cooper is a Canadian writer and producer best known for his work in the Stargate franchise. He was formerly an executive producer of Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe. He also co-created both Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe with Brad Wright. Cooper has written and produced many episodes of Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe as well as directed a number of episodes.
Eudialyte group
Eudialyte group is a group of complex trigonal zircono- and, more rarely, titanosilicate minerals with general formula [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1a)M(1b)]3M(2)3M(4)Z3[Si24O72]O'4X2, where N(1) and N(2) and N(3) and N(5) = Na+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O, N(4) = Na+, Sr2+, Mn2+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O or K+ or Ca2+ or REE3+ (rare earth elements), M(1) and M(1b) = Ca2+, M(1a) = Ca2+ or Mn2+ or Fe2+, M(2) = Fe (both II and III), Mn and rarely Na+, K+ or Zr4+, M(3) = Si, Nb and rarely W, Ti and [] (vacancy), M(4) = Si and or rarely [], Z Zr4+ and or rarely Ti4+, and X = OH−, Cl− and more rarely CO32− or F−. Some of the eudialyte-like structures can even be more complex, however, in general, its typical feature is the presence of [Si3O9]6− and [Si9O27]18− ring silicate groups. Space group is usually R3m or R-3m but may be reduced to R3 due to cation ordering. Like other zirconosilicates, the eudialyte group minerals possess alkaline ion-exchange properties, as microporous materials.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).