hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K. P. Sankaran
K. P. Sankaran (born 15 May 1939) is a Malayalam–language literary critic from Kerala, India. Born in Painkulam in Trichur district of the erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin (now part of India), he was a teacher at Changanacherry S.B. College, Trichur Kerala Varma College and Mysore Regional Institute of Education from where he retired in 2001. He resides with his wife Kamala Devi in Kottapparambu near Chelavoor, Calicut since 2019. He has authored around 30 books.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Informatics Corporation of America
Informatics Corporation of America (ICA) is a privately held health information technology organization headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. It serves integrated delivery systems (IDNs), health information exchanges (HIEs), individual hospitals, Independent Practice Associations (IPAs), and Regional Health Information Systems (RHIOs). In 2000, some of Vanderbilt University Medical Center's (VUMC) practicing physicians teamed up with informatics professionals to develop two complementary software applications—dubbed StarChart and StarPanel—to aggregate and organise medical data, and to improve communication and clinical decision-making within a single interface.  This technology has allowed VUMC to improve efficiency and communication processes in order to deliver cohesive care across the medical center and its affiliated clinics and physicians' practices.

Vanderbilt University Medical Center
The Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) is a medical provider with multiple hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee, as well as clinics and facilities throughout Middle Tennessee. VUMC is an independent non-profit organization but maintains academic affiliations with Vanderbilt University. As of 2023, the health system had more than 3 million patient visits a year, a workforce of 40,000, and 1,741 licensed hospital beds.
Thomas Vyvyan
Thomas Vyvyan was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.

He was a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1511 to 1518. He was Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, from 27 March 1518 – 8 October 1519.

His brother, also called Thomas Vyvyan, became Vicar of Bodmin in 1516. As one of the last priors of Bodmin Priory before the reformation, he was responsible for the construction of its steeple as well as a number of buildings in the area, including the rectory house at Withiel, the mansion house at Rialton Grange, and the south roof of Egloshayle church. The pope nominally consecrated him as the Bishop of Megara in Achaia, Greece. His tomb is in St Petroc's Church, Bodmin which survived the dissolution of the priory.

Megara
Megara (/ˈmɛɡərə/; Greek: Μέγαρα, pronounced [ˈmeɣaɾa]) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken by Athens. Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II, of whom Nisos was the ruler of Megara. Megara was also a trade port, its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring poleis. Megara specialized in the exportation of wool and other animal products including livestock such as horses. It possessed two harbors, Pagae to the west on the Corinthian Gulf, and Nisaea to the east on the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea.  Greek painter Théodore Jacques Ralli created countless paintings featuring the village of Megara between 1873 and 1909.
Criminalization of poverty
The criminalization of poverty refers to the systemic practices and policies that disproportionately penalize individuals for behaviors associated with their economic status. This phenomenon manifests through various legal and social mechanisms that enforce penalties on those who are unable to meet basic needs due to poverty, leading to a cycle of criminalization and further marginalization. Examples include fines and fees that the person is unable to pay, anti-homelessness laws and actions, and interconnections between welfare and criminal law.

Anti-homelessness legislation
Anti-homelessness legislation can take two forms: legislation that aims to help and re-house homeless people; and legislation that is intended to send homeless people to homeless shelters compulsorily, or to criminalize homelessness and begging.
Ollis
Ollis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Ollis (born 1951), British-Australian artist

Ian Ollis (born 1970), South African politician

John Ollis (1839–1913), American politician

Michael Ollis (1988–2013), United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Richard Ollis (born 1961), English cricketer

William Ollis (1871–1940), English footballer

Ian Ollis
Ian Ollis (born 1970) is a South African politician who served in the National Assembly of South Africa.

He is a member of the Democratic Alliance, and previously held the positions of Shadow Minister of Transport and Shadow Minister of Labour in parliament.
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Chestnut Hill is a village located six miles (10 km) west of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is best known for being home to Boston College and a section of the Boston Marathon route. Like all Massachusetts villages, Chestnut Hill is not an incorporated municipal entity. It is located partially in Brookline in Norfolk County, partially in the city of Boston in Suffolk County, and partially in the city of Newton in Middlesex County. Chestnut Hill's borders are defined by the 02467 ZIP Code. The name refers to several small hills that overlook the 135-acre (546,000 m2) Chestnut Hill Reservoir rather than one particular hill.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfək/ NOR-fək) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was around 725,981. Its county seat is Dedham. The county was named after the English county of the same name. Two towns, Cohasset and Brookline, are exclaves. Norfolk County is included in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area. Norfolk County is the 24th highest-income county in the United States with a median household income of $107,361. It is the wealthiest county in Massachusetts.
Shittim
Shittim may mean several different things:

Botany

Shittim, the plural of Shittah, which is Hebrew for wood from the acacia tree, which appears in the Bible

Places

Abel-Shittim, Ha-Shittim, or simply Shittim, later Abila (Peraea), a place that appears in the Bible

Shitim, a village in southern Israel

Abila (Peraea)
31°50′59″N 35°40′43″E﻿ / ﻿31.84972°N 35.67861°E﻿ / 31.84972; 35.67861

Abila (Arabic: ابيلا) was an ancient city east of the Jordan River in the Plains of Moab, later Peraea, near Livias, about twelve km northeast of the north shore of the Dead Sea. The site is identified with modern Khirbet el-Kafrayn, Jordan, and is present on the Madaba Map as an unnamed icon. There is a widely supported theory that in the Hebrew Bible, it is referred to as Abel-Shittim, as well as in the shorter forms Shittim and Ha-Shittim.
2010 FIFA World Cup Group F
Group F of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 14 June 2010 and ended on 24 June 2010. The group consisted of 2006 winner Italy, Paraguay, New Zealand and Slovakia. Italy and Paraguay previously met in the first round of the 1950 tournament, with Italy winning 2–0; neither qualified for the next round.

Italy were eliminated from the group with just two points, behind underdogs New Zealand, who drew all three of their matches to finish on three points. New Zealand ended up being the only unbeaten team at this World Cup, as eventual champions Spain lost to Switzerland in their Group H game while Japan and Ghana who both lost on penalties in the knockout stage had previously lost a group game. Italy placed last, making it the first time since 1974 that the Italians did not advance beyond the first round and the first tournament they didn’t win a World Cup match.

Ghana national football team
The Ghana national football team represents Ghana in men's international football. The team is named the Black Stars after the Black Star of Africa in the flag of Ghana. It is governed by the Ghana Football Association, the governing body for football in Ghana. Prior to 1957, it played as the Gold Coast.

Ghana qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2006. The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations four times (1963, 1965, 1978, and 1982), while finishing as runners-up five times (1968, 1970, 1992, 2010, and 2015). They have also qualified for the CHAN four times, finishing as runners-up twice (2009 and 2014).

In 2009, Ghana achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first African nation to win the FIFA U-20 World Cup, defeating Brazil in the final in Egypt.

As at November 20, 2025, Ghana ranked 72nd in the world and 17th among African football nations.
Technical Group Laboratory
TGL, Inc. (Technical Group Laboratory, Inc.) (株式会社テイジイエル Kabushiki-gaisha Ti Ji Eru) is a Japanese company dealing with developing, constructing and planning of various computer systems and software. This company supports the operating systems: Java, C, C++, Oracle, asp, Linux, Unix, Windows NT.

Active Server Pages
Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's first server-side scripting language and engine for dynamic web pages.

It was first released in December 1996, before being superseded in January 2002 by ASP.NET.
Iraqi Biradari
Iraqi Biradri is a Sunni Muslim caste found chiefly in Ghazipur, Azamgarh, Ballia, Deoria and Gorakhpur districts of the eastern Uttar Pradesh in India. Iraqi Biradri is also referred to as Iraqi Shaikh.

Ghazipur
Ghazipur, is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ghazipur City is the administrative headquarters of the Ghazipur district, one of the four districts that form the Varanasi division of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Ganges (Ganga) River near the border with Bihar state in eastern Uttar Pradesh, about 40 miles (65 km) northeast of Varanasi (Benares) and also called Lahuri Kashi. The city of Ghazipur also constitutes one of the seven distinct tehsils, or subdivisions, of the Ghazipur district.

Ghazipur is located near the eastern border with Bihar, approximately 80 km (50 mi) east of Varanasi. The city is internationally recognized for housing the world's largest legal opium factory, established in 1820 by the British East India Company. This historic facility continues to operate under government regulation and plays a significant role in the global pharmaceutical industry by producing opium-derived medicines.
Edwin Kantar
Edwin Bruce Kantar (November 9, 1932 – April 8, 2022) was an American bridge player, winner of two open world championships for national teams (Bermuda Bowls), and prolific writer of bridge books and columns. Kantar was from Santa Monica, California.

Spingold
The Spingold national bridge championship is held at the summer American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

The Spingold is a knock-out team event that attracts the top contract bridge players in the world. The event typically lasts seven days with each day being a round consisting of four sessions of 16 boards. The event is open and seeded.
Pozzo, Umbria
42°54′19″N 12°30′28″E﻿ / ﻿42.90524°N 12.5079°E﻿ / 42.90524; 12.5079
Pozzo is a frazione in the municipality of Gualdo Cattaneo in the Province of Perugia, Umbria. It stands at an elevation of 426 metres (1,398 ft) above sea level and had a population of 222 inhabitants at the 2021 census.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Galena Biopharma
Galena Biopharma, Inc. (originally RXi Pharmaceuticals) was a publicly traded pharmaceutical company based in San Ramon, California. The company was founded in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 2011, it moved to Oregon, and in 2015 moved to San Ramon, California. Mark Schwartz was the company's president and chief executive officer. As of December 29, 2017, the company was acquired by Sellas Life Sciences Group Ltd. through a reverse merger transaction. Galena Biopharma was renamed to Sellas Life Sciences Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: SLS).

Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication. Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin.

Common side effects include fever, infection, cough, headache, trouble sleeping, and rash. Other severe side effects include heart failure, allergic reactions, and lung disease. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Trastuzumab works by binding to the HER2 receptor and slowing down cell replication.

Trastuzumab was approved for medical use in the United States in September 1998, and in the European Union in August 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Frédéric Blackburn
Frédéric Blackburn (born December 21, 1972, in Chicoutimi, Quebec) is a Canadian short track speed skater who competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics and in the 1994 Winter Olympics.

In 1992 he won a silver medal in the 1000 metre short track event. He was also a member of the Canadian relay team which won the silver medal in the 5000 metre relay competition.

Two years later he finished fifth in the 500 m event and eighth in the 1000 m competition. He was also a member of the Canadian relay team which finished fourth in the 5000 metre relay contest.

Chicoutimi
Chicoutimi (/ʃɪˈkuːtɪmi/ shih-KOO-tim-ee, French: [ʃikutimi]) is the most populous borough (arrondissement) of the city of Saguenay in Quebec, Canada.

It is situated at the confluence of the Saguenay and Chicoutimi rivers. During the 20th century, it became the main administrative and commercial centre of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. In 2002 it merged into the new city of Saguenay and forms the heart of the 5th-largest urban area of the province of Quebec. At the 2021 census, its population was 69,004.
Wakamisugi
Wakamisugi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Wakamisugi Akiteru (1937–1983), sumo wrestler later known as Daigō Hisateru

Wakanohana Kanji II (1953–2022), sumo wrestler, previously known as Wakamisugi Kanji

Wakanohana Kanji II
Wakanohana Kanji (Japanese: 若乃花 幹士; 3 April 1953 — 16 July 2022) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Ōwani, Aomori. He was the sport's 56th yokozuna. He was popular with sumo fans and was well-known for his rivalry with Kitanoumi. After retirement, he became the head coach of Magaki stable. Due to poor health, he left the Japan Sumo Association in December 2013. He died of lung cancer in July 2022 at the age of 69.
2013 Australian GT Championship
The 2013 Australian GT Championship was an Australian motor racing competition open to GT style closed production based sports cars which were either approved by the FIA for GT3 competition or approved by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) as Australian GTs. It was sanctioned by CAMS as a National Championship with Australian GT Sportscar Group Pty Ltd appointed as the Category Manager. It was the 17th Australian GT Championship, the twelfth to be contested over a multi-event championship, and the eighth to be contested since the title was revived in 2005.

The championship was won by reigning Australian GT champion Klark Quinn, driving a Porsche 911 GT3-R Type 997.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Dimidiochromis kiwinge
Dimidiochromis kiwinge is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is found in Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.

This species is normally found in the vicinity of rocks, although it frequently forms offshore shoals and is a common predator on the surface near the shore where it feeds on small fishes, especially utaka and Lake Malawi sardines. It either hunts in pairs or in large groups. The females are mouthbrooders and while they are brooding young they remain in midwater until the fry are released. This species is a lek breeder in which the males create raised bowls in the substrate near to each other and compete for the attention of the females which are ready to spawn.

Mouthbrooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a variety of different animals, such as Darwin's frog, fish are by far the most diverse mouthbrooders. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish.
The Rampaging Hulk
The Rampaging Hulk is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics. The first volume was a black and white magazine published by Curtis Magazines (an imprint of Marvel) from 1977–1978. With issue #10, it changed its format to color and its title to The Hulk!, and ran another 17 issues before it was canceled in 1981. It was a rare attempt by Marvel to mix their superhero characters with the "mature readers" black-and-white magazine format.

With the change to color and the title to The Hulk!, the magazine became Marvel's attempt to cash in on the popularity of The Incredible Hulk TV series, starring Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno, both of whom were prominently featured and interviewed over the course of the magazine's run, as was executive producer Kenneth Johnson.

The series had a second run of six issues from August 1998 to January 1999.

Joe Jusko
Joe Jusko (/ˈdʒʌskoʊ/; born September 1, 1959) is an American artist known for his realistic, highly detailed painted fantasy, pin-up, and cover illustrations, mainly in the comic book industry. Jusko painted the 1992 Marvel Masterpieces trading cards, the popularity of which has been credited with initiating the painted trading card boom of the 1990s.
Menegazzia
Menegazzia is a genus of lichenized fungi containing roughly 70 accepted species. The group is sometimes referred to as the tree flutes, honeycombed lichens, or hole-punch lichens.  The most obvious morphological feature of the genus is the distinctive perforations spread across the upper side of the thallus. This makes the group easy to recognise, even for those not particularly familiar with lichen identification.

The genus has a sub-cosmopolitan distribution (excluding Antarctica), but is concentrated in Australasia, Melanesia, and southern South America.  Most species grow exclusively on trees, but some grow on rocks, moss, and/or soil.

Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Spanish: Cono Sur, Portuguese: Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. In terms of geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, and sometimes includes Paraguay and Brazil's four southernmost states (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo).

The Southern Cone is the subregion with the second highest Human Development Index and standard of living in the Americas, after Northern America.
Sandhurst, Gauteng
Sandhurst is an affluent residential area in Sandton, in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs in the country and is home to some of the most impressive mansions on the African continent. Part of the commercial centre of Sandton, known as Sandton City, entrales in Sandhurst.

A small few estates were built in the early 1900s, however the majority were built in the middle and early-latter parts of the century between 1940 and 1970. Many of these properties have diminished in area however due to subdivisions.

Sandton
Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential city, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston.
Passport fraud
Passport fraud is an act of intentional deception that involves forgery, alteration, or false use of a travel document, such as a passport, in a false or unauthorized manner. Common reasons to perpetrate passport fraud include illegally entering a country, avoiding deportation, committing financial crimes, and smuggling.

Passport fraud can be committed in various ways using both legal and illegal documents. For example, via identity theft, document forgery or modifying an existing passport. People may also make use of camouflage passport, which are otherwise legal to create, in fraudulent circumstances.

Intention (criminal law)
In criminal law, intent is a subjective state of mind (mens rea) that must accompany the acts of certain crimes to constitute a violation. A more formal, generally synonymous legal term is scienter: intent or knowledge of wrongdoing.
File types
For information on computer file types, see:

File format

For information relating to specific operating systems, see also:

Apple file types
Macintosh OSTypes
Uniform type identifier

Unix file types

Windows file types

For a list of filename extensions, see

list of file formats

list of filename extensions (alphabetical)

For information on related concepts, see also:

file system

extended attributes

Unix file types
The seven standard Unix file types are regular, directory, symbolic link, FIFO special, block special, character special, and socket as defined by POSIX. These types are used in the file system(s) of a Unix or Unix-like operating system (OS). Different OS-specific implementations allow more types than what POSIX requires (e.g. doors in Solaris). A file's type can be identified by the ls -l command, which displays the type in the first character of the file-system permissions field.

For regular files, Unix does not impose or provide any internal file structure (this may be called file format); therefore, their structure and interpretation is entirely dependent on the software using them. However, the file command can usually be used to determine what type of data they contain.