hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous velocity
In wave mechanics, anomalous velocity refers to the group velocity of a wave packet that is transverse to an applied electric field, arising even in the absence of a magnetic field. It results from the interference of wave functions and is thus a quantum mechanical effect for the case of electrons.

When an electric field is applied to a system, electron wave packets are generally expected to move along the direction of the field. However, due to the presence of Berry curvature in momentum space, wave packets can exhibit a motion transverse to the electric field, known as anomalous motion. This phenomenon is not limited to electrons but also applies to other wave-like particles such as photons and ultracold atoms.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Vera Kistiakowsky
Vera Kistiakowsky (September 9, 1928 – December 11, 2021) was an American research physicist, teacher, and arms control activist. She was professor emerita at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the physics department and Laboratory for Nuclear Science, and was an activist for women's participation in the sciences. Kistiakowsky was an expert in experimental particle physics and observational astrophysics. Her hobbies included climbing mountains, and she liked to maintain an energetic and fit lifestyle. She was the first woman appointed MIT professor of physics in 1972.

Association for Women in Science
The Association for Women in Science (AWIS) was founded in 1971 at the annual Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting.  The organization aims to combat job discrimination, lower pay, and professional isolation. The main issue areas that the modern Association addresses are fair compensation, work-life integration, attrition, and professional development.
Causeyella causeyae
Causeyella causeyae, Causey's cave millipede, is a millipede, ghostly white in color, which was first noticed, but not identified, in 1964. It was discovered in caves in Arkansas in 2004. It has been found in 10 caves in Izard, Independence, and Stone counties.

Izard County, Arkansas
Izard County (/ˈɪzɜːrd/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. Izard County is Arkansas's 13th county, formed on October 27, 1825, and named for War of 1812 General and Arkansas Territorial Governor George Izard. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Brice Foods
Brice Foods was a company based out of Dallas, Texas, and was the parent of the frozen yogurt franchise I Can't Believe It's Yogurt.  Brice Foods was sold in 1996 to Yogen Früz of Toronto, Canada, and the founders were no longer involved in the company.

Frozen yogurt
Frozen yogurt (also known as frogurt or by the tradename Froyo; /ˈfroʊjoʊ/) is a frozen dessert made with yogurt and sometimes other dairy and non-dairy products. Frozen yogurt is a frozen product containing the same basic ingredients as ice cream, but contains live bacterial cultures.

Usually more tart than ice cream (the tanginess in part due to the lactic acid in the yogurt), as well as lower in fat (due to the use of milk instead of cream), it is different from ice milk and conventional soft serve. Unlike yogurt, frozen yogurt is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but is regulated by some U.S. states, such as California.
2022 Japan Curling Championships
The 2022 Japan Curling Championships (branded as the 39th Zen-Noh Japan Curling Championships) were held from May 22 to 29 at the Tokoro Curling Club in Tokoro, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. Both the men's and women's events were played in a round robin format which qualified four teams for a page playoff.

Because of the 2022 Winter Olympics, a World Championship Trial was held in December 2021 between three teams on the men's and women's sides to determine Japan's representatives for the 2022 World Men's Curling Championship and 2022 World Women's Curling Championship. Due to this, the Japan Curling Championships were pushed back later into the year. Instead of the winners qualifying for the upcoming World Championships like usual, the winners of the 2022 Japan Curling Championships qualified as the Japanese representatives for the new Pan Continental Curling Championships.

Japan Standard Time
Japan Standard Time (日本標準時, Nihon Hyōjunji; JST), or Japan Central Standard Time (中央標準時, Chūō Hyōjunji; JCST), is the standard time zone in Japan, 9 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+09:00). Japan does not observe daylight saving time, though its introduction has been debated on several occasions. During World War II, the time zone was often referred to as Tokyo Standard Time.

Japan Standard Time is equivalent to Korean Standard Time, Pyongyang Time (North Korea), Eastern Indonesia Standard Time, East-Timorese Standard Time, Palau Time, and Yakutsk Time (Russia).
1988 Busch 500
The 1988 Busch 500 was the 20th stock car race of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 28th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 27, 1988, before an audience of 54,000 in Bristol, Tennessee, at Bristol International Speedway, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt managed to dominate the late stages of the race, leading the final 110 laps to take his 34th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his third and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Melling Racing's Bill Elliott and Hendrick Motorsports's Geoff Bodine would finish second and third, respectively.

Geoff Bodine
Geoffrey Eli Bodine (born April 18, 1949) is an American former motorsport driver and bobsled builder. He raced at the NASCAR Cup Series from 1979 to 2011, earning 18 wins and a best season finish of third in 1990.

Bodine was born into a racing family as his father and grandfather, Eli Bodine Jr. and Sr. built Chemung Speedrome just a year after he was born. He is the oldest of the three Bodine brothers (with Brett Bodine and Todd Bodine), and sister Denise. Bodine began learning his racing skills at this track in the micro-midget division when he was only five years old. He had such an itch to race that he disguised himself as a lady and entered an event known as the Powder Puff Derby when he was 15.
Sabin W. Colton
Sabin Woolworth Colton, Jr. (March 18, 1847 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – January 29, 1925 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) was an American investor. He was the only private individual to ever own a chair on both the Philadelphia and New York Stock Exchanges.

He became an office boy in 1862 at a stock brokerage, later became a clerk there. While a clerk there bought his own chair on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. His expertise was in underwriting the establishment of utility companies in exchange for stock in those companies.

He retired in 1910, having built a spacious family house, Longmeadow, in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, and an elegant Arts & Crafts-style summer house, Faraway, on Eastern Point of Greening Island, Maine.

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Bryn Mawr (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR; from Welsh for 'big hill', IPA: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Delaware County of Pennsylvania, United States. It is located just west of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue, also known as U.S. Route 30. As of 2020, the CDP is defined to include sections of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, as well as portions of Haverford Township and Radnor Township.

Bryn Mawr is located toward the center of what is known as the Main Line, a group of affluent Philadelphia suburban villages stretching from the city limits to Malvern. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families during the Gilded Age, and over the decades became a bastion of old money. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,879. Bryn Mawr is home to Bryn Mawr College, and contains a sizable amount of student rentals, with roughly half of the community's population aged 18–24.
Fabrizio Capobianco
Fabrizio Capobianco (born December 2, 1970) is an Italian American entrepreneur based in Valtellina, Italy. He is the Chief Innovation Officer at Minerva Networks. and a partner of The Liquid Factory. He was the founder and CEO of the sports social network TOK.tv and of Funambol, a white-label "personal cloud" provider.

Minerva Networks
Minerva Networks, Inc. is an American company based in Silicon Valley that develops video compression technology and broadcast systems used for delivery of video services over broadband IP networks, interactive television (iTV) services, and video conferencing.

Founded in 1992, Minerva also makes data compression hardware used to transmit video over IP networks.

In 2006, Nortel Networks and Minerva announced that they would jointly develop an Application Interface (API) enabling the integration of real-time IPTV services with Minerva's iTVManager software, allowing it to interoperate with Nortel's IMS service delivery platform.

As of June 2008, Minerva Networks changed focus to developing  IPTV middleware and applications software with over 220 telco deployments worldwide.  In the same month, the company also announced ten significant new IPTV installations, including Mt. Horeb Telephone in Wisconsin, Tullahoma Utilities in Tennessee, and GTA TeleGuam in Guam.
Arjun Singh Bamniya
Arjun Singh Bamniya (born 5 September 1963) is an Indian politician and former State Minister in the Government of Rajasthan. He is a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from the Banswara Assembly constituency. Bamniya is a member of the Indian National Congress.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Pentecostal Church of God
The Pentecostal Church of God (PCG) is a Finished Work Pentecostal denomination of Christianity headquartered in Bedford, Texas, United States. As of 2010, there were 620,000 members, 6,750 clergy in 4,825 churches worldwide.

The PCG is a member of the National Association of Evangelicals, the Pentecostal World Conference and the Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America. The church's official publication is The Pentecostal Messenger.

Pentecostal World Fellowship
The Pentecostal World Fellowship is an international fellowship of Evangelical Pentecostal churches and denominations from across the world. The headquarters is in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Its leader is William Wilson (Tulsa, OK).
Savarna (gotra)
Savarna (Sanskrit: सावर्ण, IAST: sāvarṇa) or Savarni/Shavarna is a Brahmin gotra that comprises Kanyakubja Brahmins and Saryupareen Brahmins who are the descendants of sage Savarna Muni. The origins of Savarna gotra can be traced back to the origins of Kanyakubja Brahmins in Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh.

Among Bengalis, the common surname for Savarna gotra is Ganguly or Gangopadhyay.

Ganguly (surname)
Ganguly (Bengali: গাঙ্গুলী), also known as Ganguli, Ganguly, Gangulee, Gangoly or Gangopadhyay is a native Bengali surname that is used by Kulin Brahmin group of the Bengali Brahmin caste. The traditional Bengali version of this surname is Gangopadhyay(a) or Gônggopaddhae.
NGC 1048
NGC 1048 is a lenticular galaxy with an active galactic nucleus of Hubble type SB0/a in the constellation Cetus south of the ecliptic. It is estimated to be located at a distance of 518 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of around 150'000 light years. Together with PGC10137 it forms a gravitationally bound galaxy pair.

In the night sky it appears next to other galaxies such as NGC 1033, NGC 1042, NGC 1047, and NGC 1052.

This object was discovered by Lewis A. Swift on 10 November 1885.

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Dodonaea malvacea
Dodonaea malvacea is a species of plant in the family Sapindaceae and is endemic to a Queensland. It is a shrub with oblong, elliptic or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, flowers arranged singly or in small racemes with linear or egg-shaped sepals and eight to ten stamens, and four to eight narrowly winged capsules.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Zayd bin al-Dathinnah
Zayd bin al-Dathinnah (Arabic: زيد بن الدثنة) was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. He was killed during the Expedition of Al Raji. In 625   some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam, but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers and they killed the Muslims

After killing Asim ibn Thabit, Hudhayl wanted to sell his head. Zayd bin al-Dathinah was sold to Safwan bin Umaiyah, Abu Sufyan wanted to spare his life in exchange for the life of Muhammad. But Zayd's love for Muhammad was so great that he did not want Muhammad to be hurt even by a "thorn prick".

According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Zayd bin al-Dathinnah was purchased by Safwan ibn Umayya, and he killed Zayd bin al-Dathinnah because he murdered his father.

Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri
Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (6 June 1942 – 1 December 2006) was an Indian Islamic scholar, teacher, and writer affiliated with the Salafi movement. He is best known for his biography of the Prophet Muhammad, Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar), which won a prize at the 1978 Muslim World League-sponsored Islamic conference on Prophetic biography (seerah) in Mecca.
Dundee-Crown High School
Dundee-Crown High School is a high school located in Carpentersville, Illinois, United States, a northwest suburb of Chicago.

Dundee-Crown High School was made from consolidating Dundee Community High School and Irving Crown High school in 1983. It is an AAA school for IHSA sports. Dundee-Crown serves 2,529 students and is one of three high schools in Community School District 300.

The school serves people from Carpentersville (the majority), the east half of Algonquin, East Dundee, portions of West Dundee, Sleepy Hollow, southwest Cary, southwest Fox River Grove, western Barrington Hills and western South Barrington.

South Barrington, Illinois
South Barrington is a residential suburb in Cook County, Illinois, United States, south of Barrington. Per the 2020 census, the population was 5,077. It is the location of the famous megachurch Willow Creek Community Church, a lifestyle center (shopping center) named The Arboretum of South Barrington, and Goebbert’s Farm & Garden Center, a long-running family-owned agritourism site known for its annual fall pumpkin festival.
St. Louis Steamers (1998–2006)
The St. Louis Steamers was the name of a professional indoor soccer team based in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the second team to use this name. The first played in the Major Indoor Soccer League from 1979–1988, while this version played in the World Indoor Soccer League from 2000 to 2001, then in the MISL from the 2003–04 season to the 2005–06 season.

The St. Louis Steamers were granted a World Indoor Soccer League expansion franchise in December 1998 but did not begin to play until the 2000 season. In 2002, the team, along with fellow WISL teams Dallas Sidekicks and San Diego Sockers joined the Major Indoor Soccer League when the two leagues merged. However, the Steamers elected to take a year off to reorganize.

The team was purchased before the 2004–05 season by owners planning a reality television series about the team, which was called Red Card  and played on KPLR channel 11.  The team suspended operations after the 2005–2006 season.

Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008)
The Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) was the top professional indoor soccer league in the United States. The league was a member of the United States Soccer Federation. The MISL had replaced the NPSL which folded in 2001. According to MISL.net, the league ceased operations as of May 31, 2008. "We are considering structural changes that will bring us greater efficiencies, while also allowing long term growth and expansion of the League", said John Hantz, former Chairman of the MISL, and Owner/Operator of the Detroit Ignition. All the teams from MISL went to the new indoor leagues: NISL, MASL and  the XSL.  The NISL and XSL used the same playing rules as the MISL.
Blámaðr
Blámaðr, meaning 'blue man' in Old Norse (Old Swedish: blaman, Early Modern Swedish: blåman), was the Nordic designation for dark-skinned people during the Viking Age and into the early modern period, as the color black initially was on the blue spectrum in Old Norse. Bláland, meaning 'blue land' in Old Norse (Modern Swedish Blåland), was likewise the analog name for Africa, or specifically North Africa.

The Ynglinga saga, the first saga in Heimskringla, an Old Norse collection of Kings' sagas, written down around 1230 on Iceland, mentions both “Blue land” and “blue men”. A quote goes: “þar eru blámenn” (there are blue men). The usage of the word continued throughout the Middle Ages and beyond. It was, for instance, used in the Gustav Vasa Bible from 1541.

In the Norrmalm district of Stockholm, there is a city block named Kvarteret Blåmannen ('Blue Man Quarter').

Gustav Vasa Bible
The Gustav Vasa Bible (Swedish: Gustav Vasas bibel) is the common name of the Swedish Bible translation published in 1540–41. It was a translation of Martin Luther's German Bible. The full title is as shown in the image: Biblia / Thet är / All then Helgha Scrifft / på Swensko. Translated into English: "The Bible / That is / All the Holy Scripture / in Swedish".

The men behind the translation were Laurentius Andreae and the Petri brothers Olaus and Laurentius. Of them, Archbishop Laurentius is regarded as the main contributor.
Chalkland Way
The Chalkland Way is a 40-mile (64 km) circular walking route in the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire, England. The route covers the chalky hills and valleys of the western Yorkshire Wolds, with the common starting point in the town of Pocklington.

A166 road
The A166 road is a regional road between the outskirts of York and Driffield in the historic county of Yorkshire. The road used to terminate at the seaside town of Bridlington, until the opening of the Driffield by-pass caused the final section to be renumbered as the A614.
Arkansas Highway 612
Arkansas Highway 612, known as the Springdale Northern Bypass, is the temporary designation of the future U.S. Route 412 (US 412) bypass around Springdale in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It currently consists of a four-lane freeway from a temporary at-grade intersection with Highway 112 in Springdale to an interchange with Interstate 49 (I-49) in Springdale.

Once completed, the highway is planned to act as a bypass of US 412 around Springdale, relieving traffic and improving travel between the city and Northwest Arkansas National Airport. The highway is planned to be a four-lane Interstate-standard divided freeway which will eventually be designated as I-42. There is no funding to complete the bypass entirely.

Tontitown, Arkansas
Tontitown is a city in northern Washington County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Tontitown had a population of 4,301. The community is located in the Ozark Mountains and was founded by Italian settlers in 1898. Known for its grapes and wines, Tontitown has hosted the Tontitown Grape Festival continuously since 1898. It is part of the Northwest Arkansas region, serving as a bedroom community for larger neighbors Fayetteville and Springdale. The town experienced a 160% growth in population between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.
McCormick Place station
McCormick Place station  is a commuter rail station in Chicago underneath McCormick Place, Chicago's main convention center, that serves the Metra Electric Line north to the Millennium Station and south to University Park, Blue Island, and South Chicago. Since August 2024, South Shore Line trains, which travel to Gary and South Bend, Indiana, only stop there in exceptional cases like special events.

South Chicago, Chicago
South Chicago, formerly known as Ainsworth, is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States.

This chevron-shaped community is one of Chicago's 16 lakefront neighborhoods near the southern rim of Lake Michigan 10 miles south of downtown. A working-class neighborhood, it is bordered by East 79th Street on the north, South Chicago Avenue (the Chicago Skyway) on the southwest, a small stretch of East 95th Street on the south. With the Calumet River on the community's southeast side, South Chicago can be considered the gateway to the Calumet Region and one of the four Chicago neighborhoods (East Side, Hegewisch and South Deering) that are considered by the locals as part of Chicago's Southeast Side. The Southeast Side is a description that the city itself continues to resist, including this neighborhood with all of Chicago's South Side communities.