hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Long Island Rail Road shooting
On December 7, 1993, a mass shooting occurred aboard a Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) train in Garden City Park, New York, United States. As the train arrived at the Merillon Avenue station, passenger Colin Ferguson began firing at other passengers with a semi-automatic pistol. Six of the victims were killed and 19 others were wounded before Ferguson was tackled and held down by other passengers on the train.

Ferguson's trial was noted for some unusual developments, including him dismissing his defense counsel, insisting on representing himself and questioning his victims on the stand. He was convicted in February 1995 on six counts of murder and 19 counts of attempted murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He is currently incarcerated at Mid-State Correctional Facility, with an earliest possible release date of August 6, 2309.

Pro se legal representation in the United States
Pro se legal representation (/ˌproʊ ˈsiː/ or /ˌproʊ ˈseɪ/) means to argue on one's own behalf in a legal proceeding, as a defendant or plaintiff in civil cases, or a defendant in criminal cases, rather than have representation from counsel or an attorney.

The term pro se comes from Latin pro se, meaning "for oneself" or "on behalf of themselves". This status is sometimes known as in propria persona (abbreviated to "pro per"). In England and Wales the comparable status is that of "litigant in person". In Australia and Canada, the term is self-represented litigant (SRL).
Idia scobialis
Idia scobialis, the smoky idia, is a species of litter moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1880. It is found in North America from Michigan, southern Quebec and Maine, south to Florida and at least Kentucky.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. There is one generation per year.

Larvae feed on detritus, including dead leaves.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
175th Wing
The 175th Wing is a unit of the Maryland Air National Guard, stationed at Warfield Air National Guard Base, Middle River, Maryland. If activated to federal service, components of the Wing are gained by the two separate major commands of the United States Air Force: Air Combat Command and United States Air Forces in Europe.

The 104th Fighter Squadron, assigned to the wing's 175th Operations Group, is a descendant of the 104th Observation Squadron, established on 29 June 1921. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.  It is the oldest unit in the Maryland Air National Guard, having over 90 years of service to the state and nation.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Palos Verdes Stakes
The Palos Verdes Stakes is a Listed American thoroughbred horse race for four-year-olds and older over a distance of six furlongs on the dirt track held annually in late January or early February at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California, USA. The event currently carries a purse of $100,000.

Native Diver
Native Diver (April 16, 1959 – September 13, 1967) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Native Diver's nicknames included "the Diver," "The California Comet" and "The Black Horse." He compiled 34 stakes wins throughout his career, but never won outside California or in any championships.
Munich East–Munich Airport railway
The Munich East–Munich Airport railway is a double-track and electrified main line in the German state of Bavaria that connects the city of Munich to Munich Airport, which is located 30 kilometres to the northeast. It is operated of DB Netz AG and integrated in the Munich S-Bahn as part of line S 8.

Munich Airport
Munich Airport (Flughafen München „Franz Josef Strauß“) (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is an international airport serving Munich and the surrounding region of Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria. Located 28.5 km (17.7 mi) northeast of Munich near the town of Freising, it is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss. According to the German Aeronautical Information Publication, the airport's official name is Muenchen Airport.

The airport is the second-busiest in Germany after Frankfurt Airport and the eleventh-busiest in Europe, handling 41.6 million passengers in 2024. It ranked as the 39th-busiest airport worldwide that year.

Munich Airport is a hub for Lufthansa and also hosts several of its subsidiaries. It has two passenger terminals, a midfield terminal, two runways, and extensive cargo and maintenance facilities capable of handling wide-body aircraft such as the Airbus A380.
Turning Point: Fall of Liberty
Turning Point: Fall of Liberty is a 2008 alternate history first-person shooter video game developed by Spark Unlimited and published by Codemasters for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. It was released in 2008 in North America on February 26, in Europe on March 14; and in Australia on March 21.

The game is set in an alternate history in which Winston Churchill dies in 1931, eight years before the start of World War II, presenting the possibility of what could have happened without his leadership; the United Kingdom is subdued by Nazi Germany in 1940, and the rest of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East fall soon afterward. The United States, infected with anti-war sentiment, does not get involved overseas, allowing German power to grow unabated. The game takes place in the midst of the Greater German Reich's invasion and occupation of the East Coast of the United States in 1953.

Codemasters
The Codemasters Software Company Limited (trade name: Codemasters) is a British video game developer and former publisher based in Southam. It is a subsidiary of American corporation Electronic Arts and managed under the EA Sports division. Founded by brothers Richard and David Darling in October 1986, Codemasters is one of the oldest British game studios, and in 2005 was named the best independent video game developer by magazine Develop. It formerly also published third-party games.

Codemasters Group Holdings plc was the holding company of Codemasters, which was publicly traded and owned Codemasters until being purchased by EA in 2021 for $1.2 billion.
Nukak language
The Nukak language, or pejoratively Nukak Makú, is the language of the Nukak people. Other than being very closely related to Kakwa, it is of uncertain classification, perhaps part of the Puinave-Maku family.

Nukak
The Nukak people [nɨkãk] (also Nukak-Makú) live between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia. They are nomadic hunter-gatherers with seasonal nomadic patterns and practice small-scale shifting horticulture. They were classified as an "uncontacted people" until 1981, and have since lost half of their population primarily to disease. Part of their territory has been used by coca growers, ranchers, and other settlers, as well as being occupied by guerrillas, army and paramilitaries. Responses to this crisis of land loss have included protests, requests for assimilation, and the suicide of leader Maw-be'. An estimated 210–250 Nukak people live in provisional settlements at San José del Guaviare, while around the same number live nomadically in the Nukak Reservation (Resguardo).
James Matthews (architect)
James Matthews (12 December 1819 – 28 June 1898) was a prominent 19th-century architect in northern Scotland who also served as Lord Provost of Aberdeen from 1883 to 1886 during which time he enacted an important city improvement plan. His work as an architect is largely in the Scots baronial style.

Ellon Castle
Ellon Castle is a scheduled monument within the town of Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Only ruins survive of the structure dating primarily from the 16th century, incorporating elements from the 15th century and later 18th-century alterations. The ruins form a focal point within a formal 6-acre (2.4 ha) garden laid out in 1745, centred on a Category A listed sundial dating from c. 1700.
Kote Abkhazi
Prince Konstantine (Kote) Abkhazi (Georgian: კონსტანტინე (კოტე) აფხაზი) (November 17, 1867 – May 20, 1923), was a Georgian military officer, politician and public figure. During the Imperial Russian rule, he was a General-major of Artillery in the tsar's army (1916) and in the national army of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918), and a recognized leader of the liberal nobility of Georgia. After the Soviet Occupation of Georgia, he emerged as one of the leaders of an underground anti-Soviet, national-liberation movement. One of the founders of the Tbilisi State University in 1918 and Chairman of the Georgian National-Democratic Party in 1921–1923. In 1923, he was arrested and executed by the Soviet security police (so-called "Cheka"). In 2023, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia.

Military occupations by the Soviet Union
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries allocated to it in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. These included the eastern regions of Poland (incorporated into three different SSRs), as well as Latvia (became Latvian SSR), Estonia (became Estonian SSR), Lithuania (became Lithuanian SSR), part of eastern Finland (became Karelo-Finnish SSR) and eastern Romania (became the Moldavian SSR and part of Ukrainian SSR). Apart from the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and post-war division of Germany, the Soviets also occupied and annexed Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia in 1945 (became part of Ukrainian SSR). These occupations lasted until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990 and 1991.

Below is a list of various forms of military occupations by the Soviet Union resulting from both the Soviet pact with Nazi Germany (ahead of World War II), and the ensuing Cold War in the aftermath of Allied victory over Germany.
1898 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1898 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In its second season under head coach A. B. Potter, the team compiled a 4–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 102 to 55.  It was Drake's first winning season. In the final game of the season, the team defeated Nebraska.

1898 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
The 1898 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1898 college football season. The team was coached by first-year head coach Fielding H. Yost and played their home games at Antelope Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. After six seasons in the Western Interstate University Football Association, Nebraska began competing as an independent in 1898.

After the departure of Eddie N. Robinson following the 1897 season, Nebraska hired another future College Football Hall of Fame coach in Yost. Yost stayed at NU for just one year before moving on to Kansas, Stanford, and Michigan, where he won six national championships.

Nebraska played 11 games in 1898, the most in the program's nine-year history, including three instances with only one day off in between games.
Anthropodermic bibliopegy
Anthropodermic bibliopegy is the practice of binding books in human skin. As of April 2022, The Anthropodermic Book Project has examined 31 out of 50 books in public institutions supposed to have anthropodermic bindings, of which 18 have been confirmed as human and 13 have been demonstrated to be non-human leather instead.

Danse Macabre
The Danse Macabre (/dɑːns məˈkɑːb(rə)/; French pronunciation: [dɑ̃s ma.kabʁ]), also called the Dance of Death, is an artistic genre of allegory from the Late Middle Ages on the universality of death.

The Danse Macabre consists of the dead, or a personification of death, summoning representatives from all walks of life to dance along to the grave, typically with a pope, emperor, king, child, and labourer. It was produced as memento mori, to remind people of the fragility of their lives and the vanity of earthly glory. Its origins are postulated from illustrated sermon texts; the earliest recorded visual scheme (apart from 14th century Triumph of Death paintings) was a now-lost mural at Holy Innocents' Cemetery in Paris dating from 1424 to 1425. Written in 1874 by the French composer Camille Saint-Saëns, Danse Macabre, Op. 40, is a haunting symphonic "poem" for orchestra. It premiered 24 January 1875.
Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi
Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi (born 21 April 1968) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He was appointed Nigeria's Minister of Environment by President Muhammadu Buhari in April 2022, having been redeployed from the Ministry of Science and Technology where he was Minister of State. He served in his new position until May 2023. He was Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice for Nasarawa State and the Secretary to the State Government (SSG). He is a solicitor and advocate of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

Supreme Court of Nigeria
The Supreme Court of Nigeria (SCN) is the highest court in Nigeria, and is located in the Central District, Abuja, in what is known as the Three Arms Zone, so called due to the proximity of the offices of the Presidential Complex, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court.
Yuraq Qaqa (Bolivia)
Yuraq Qaqa (Quechua yuraq white, qaqa rock, "white rock", also spelled Yuraj Kaka) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,340 m (14,240 ft). It is located in the Potosí Department, at the border of the Antonio Quijarro Province, Porco Municipality, and the José María Linares Province, Caiza "D" Municipality. It lies at the Tapial Mayu, southwest of Qanchis Kancha.

Potosí Department
Potosí (Spanish pronunciation: [potoˈsi]; Quechua: P'utuqsi; Aymara: Putusi) is a department in southwestern Bolivia. Its area is 118,218 km2 and its population is 856,419 (2024 census). The capital is the city of Potosí. 
It is a mostly barren, mountainous region with one large plateau to the west, where the largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni, is located.

Cerro Potosí was the richest province in the Spanish Empire, providing a great percentage of the silver that was shipped to Europe.

Potosi is also the location of the San Cristóbal silver, zinc and lead mines, developed by the US company Apex Silver Mines Limited of Colorado and sold in November 2008 to the Japanese Sumitomo Corporation.
The Hurting (TV series)
The Hurting is a British television series first broadcast in 2017 on Dave. The show is narrated by Jake Yapp and broadcasts humorous home and viral videos.

The show is a British version of US show Fail Army with a new voiceover.

U&Dave
U&Dave is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It is known for broadcasting modern comedy and factual programming, with both original production and repeats.

Launched in October 1998 as UK Gold Classics, the channel would undergo various identity and format changes before adopting the Dave branding on 15 October 2007. It was renamed U&Dave in July 2024 to mark the streaming service UKTV Play being renamed as U.

U&DaveJaVu is its sister timeshift channel. Unlike other commercial channels, it doesn't have a "+1" next to it and is named after the term déjà vu.
Algorithm March
The Algorithm March (アルゴリズムこうしん, Arugorizomu Kōshin) is a dance fad created in Japan, based on the children's television series PythagoraSwitch which was broadcast on the educational channel of NHK, a Japanese non-profit public broadcasting service. It is performed by the comedy group Itsumo Kokokara with variable groups (it differs at each air) such as firefighters, soccer players, Yasugi-bushi preservation society, Vienna Boys' Choir, Blue Man Group, ninja and so on.

Vienna Boys' Choir
The Vienna Boys' Choir (German: Wiener Sängerknaben) is a choir of boy sopranos and altos based in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the best known boys' choirs in the world. The boys are selected mainly from Austria, but also from many other countries.

The choir is a private, non-profit organization. There are approximately 100 choristers between the ages of nine and fourteen. The boys are divided into four touring choirs, named after Austrian composers Bruckner, Haydn, Mozart and Schubert, which combined perform about 300 concerts each year before almost 500,000 people. Each group tours for about nine to eleven weeks. Some pieces include "Good Morning" and "Merry Christmas from Vienna Boys".
Celle Air Base
Celle Air Base German: Heeresflugplatz Celle (ICAO: ETHC) is a military airbase of the German Army. The airfield is situated southwest of the city of Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany. It was opened in 1934 and has been in military use ever since. Today the aerodrome is used by a helicopter training school, a helicopter liaison and reconnaissance squadron and a helicopter maintenance unit utilising the type Bölkow Bo-105.

Until the end of World War II the airfield operated under the name of Fliegerhorst Celle-Wietzenbruch (Air Base Celle-Wietzenbruch). During Allied occupation it was known as RAF Celle. On 28 July 1967 the base was given the additional name Immelmann-Kaserne (Immelmann-Barracks).

German Army
The German Army (German: Heer, lit. 'army') is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr together with the Marine (German Navy) and the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). As of 2024, the German Army had a strength of 63,047 soldiers.
Axel Eriksson (rower)
Axel Emanuel Eriksson (10 March 1884 – 20 December 1975) was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1912 he was a member of the Swedish boat Vaxholm that was eliminated in the first round of the coxed four competition. Eight years later, he rowed with his younger brother Gösta as a coxswain, and they were again eliminated in the first round.

Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four was a rowing event held as part of the Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics but had been replaced by coxless four at the 1904 and 1908 Games. The standard coxed four event allowed for outriggers, while another event was held in 1912 for boats with inriggers. The competition was held from 17 to 19 July 1912.

Fifty six rowers (11 boats) from nine nations competed. Germany replaced their coxswain, maybe the Danish Polyteknisk replaced a rower, but this possible change is not counted.
Rick Leed
Rick Leed (January 9, 1955 – August 31, 2017) was an American television and film producer best known as the creator and executive producer of Dr. 90210 series, which premiered in 2004 and ran for six seasons on E!. He also served as executive producer on feature films Where the Heart Is and Company Man.

While he served as president of Wind Dancer, the production house produced the sitcom Home Improvement and romantic comedy film What Women Want. Leed was also instrumental in the launch of  Comedy Central's television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 for which he was credited with a special thanks. As an agent, Leed represented several creative talents, including Aaron Sorkin, Rowan Atkinson and Ian McKellen.

Leed died on August 31, 2017. He left a partner and two children.

What Women Want
What Women Want is a 2000 American romantic fantasy comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith, Cathy Yuspa, and Diane Drake, directed by Nancy Meyers, and starring Mel Gibson and Helen Hunt.

The film was released on December 15, 2000, by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada and by Icon Productions in international markets. It received mixed reviews from critics, but was a box-office success, with a North American domestic gross of $182 million and a worldwide gross of $374.1 million against a budget of $70 million, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2000.

A loose remake, What Men Want, was released in 2019, starring Taraji P. Henson, Tracy Morgan and Aldis Hodge.
Liberation Day (Italy)
Liberation Day (Italian: Festa della Liberazione [ˈfɛsta della liberatˈtsjoːne]), also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation (Anniversario della liberazione d'Italia), Anniversary of the Resistance (Anniversario della Resistenza), or simply 25 April (25 aprile [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe aˈpriːle]), is a national holiday in Italy that commemorates the liberation of Italy from Nazi German occupation and Fascist collaborationism (Italian Social Republic), in the latter phase of World War II. That is distinct from Republic Day (Festa della Repubblica), which takes place on 2 June and commemorates the 1946 Italian institutional referendum.

National Liberation Committee
The National Liberation Committee (Italian: Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationist forces of the Italian Social Republic during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. It coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN), which was based in Rome, and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI), which was based in Milan. The CNL was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.
Workers (Gong Ren)
Workers (Chinese: 工人; pinyin: gongren) is a book of 143 portraits of migrant workers who participated in the construction of the Olympic Green in Beijing, China in the lead up to the 2008 Summer Olympics.  The book is the work of British artist Helen Couchman and consists primarily of photographs of the workers on the building site. The workers were photographed with the iconic buildings of the Beijing Olympics: The Beijing National Stadium (国家体育场), known colloquially as the "Bird's Nest" (鸟巢), and the Beijing National Aquatics Center (国家游泳中心), also known as the "Water Cube" (水立方).

Water Cube
The Water Cube (水立方), fully a.k.a. the National Aquatics Centre (国家游泳中心), is a swimming center at the Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China.

The Water Cube was originally constructed to host the aquatics competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. During the 2008 Olympics—where it hosted diving, swimming and synchronized swimming events—25 world records were broken in this facility. In July 2010, a renovation of the facility was completed, which included the addition of a 12,000 m2 (130,000 sq ft) public water park. After renovation and adaptive configuration, the Water Cube also hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.