hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phonological history of Catalan
As a member of the dialect continuum of Romance languages, Catalan (including Valencian) displays linguistic features similar to those of its closest neighbors (Occitan, Aragonese). The following features represent in some cases unique changes in the evolution of Catalan from Vulgar Latin; other features are common in other Romance-speaking areas.

Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ PAL-ə-təl-eye-ZAY-shən) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel. Palatalization involves change in the place or manner of articulation of consonants, or the fronting or raising of vowels. In some cases, palatalization involves assimilation or lenition.
Chée
The Chée (French pronunciation: [ʃe]) is a 68.6-kilometre (42.6 mi) long river in the Meuse and Marne départements, northeastern France. Its source is in the Barrois, near Marat-la-Grande, a hamlet in Les Hauts-de-Chée. It flows generally southwest. It is a right tributary of the Saulx into which it flows at Vitry-en-Perthois, near Vitry-le-François.

Its main tributary is the Vière.

Meuse (department)
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz] ⓘ) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019. Front lines in trench warfare during World War I ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and around Verdun.
Yasemin Cegerek
Yasemin Çegerek (born 10 November 1977) is a Dutch politician of Turkish descent.  She was an MP for the Labour Party between 18 June 2013 and 23 March 2017. She replaced Désirée Bonis, who left the House of Representatives on 13 June 2013. Çegerek was a member of the commissions of foreign affairs, defense, European affairs, Kingdom relations, foreign trade and development aid. Çegerek temporarily went on maternity leave and her designated replacement was Marith Rebel-Volp. However, as House of Representatives member Myrthe Hilkens left the House on 28 August 2013, Rebel-Volp permanently replaced her instead. Henk Leenders was named as the replacement for Çegerek.

Between 2002 and 2006 Çegerek served as a municipal councillor in Enschede. And since 2007 she has been a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland. Çegerek studied public administration at the University of Twente.

Çegerek's time in the House ended on 23 March 2017. Since 22 May 2018 she has been alderman in Heerde.

Heerde
Heerde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦeːrdə] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland, in the eastern Netherlands. Compared to the rest of the Netherlands, Heerde is fairly religious, as are many of the towns and cities in the Veluwe region.
2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election
The Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election of October 2018 was for the election of the Governor and Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro and 70 State Deputies. People also voted for 2 of 3 Senators of the state representation in the Federal legislative power, with 45 federal deputies representatives of the Rio de Janeiro State. A second round was held after no candidate managed to secure more than 50% of the Governor votes.

The previous gubernatorial election in the state was held in October 2014. Supported by the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Luiz Fernando Pezão was re-elected in second round with 55.78% of the votes, against 44.22% of Marcelo Crivella.

In the second round runoff, Wilson Witzel was elected Governor of Rio de Janeiro.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
AlterGeo
AlterGeo, formerly known as Wi2Geo, is a Russian IT company specializing in the development of a global hybrid positioning system which combines Wi-Fi, WiMAX, GSM, GPS, LTE, IP address and network environment approaches. It also created cross-platform location-based services Gvidi and AlterGeo, and hyperlocal banner ad system Local Hero.

According to the Financial Times, AlterGeo is one of four "Russia's next tech titans".(registration required) The company was named winner and finalist of multiple domestic and international awards in the field of technology and media, and currently is a Skolkovo Innovation Center resident. It received funding from several prominent investors, including Intel Capital and Esther Dyson.

Intel Capital
Intel Capital Corporation started off as the investment arm of Intel Corporation in 1991 and in January 2025, it spun off as a standalone investment fund. Intel Capital makes equity investments in a range of technology startups and companies offering hardware, software, and services targeting artificial intelligence, autonomous technology, data center and cloud, 5G, next-generation compute, semiconductor manufacturing and other technologies. The firm has been an active investor in artificial intelligence since 2014. Recent notable investments in artificial intelligence include SambaNova Systems, Figure AI, AI21 Labs, Twelve Labs, RunPod, BRIA, Anyscale, MinIO, Oxide Computer Company, among many others.
Wasi Qaqa
Wasi Qaqa (Quechua wasi house, qaqa rock, "house rock", Hispanicized spelling Huasijaja) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Acobambilla District. Wasi Qaqa lies north of Wayllasqa.

Department of Huancavelica
Huancavelica (Spanish pronunciation: [waŋkaβeˈlika] ⓘ; Quechua: Wankawillka) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the departments of Lima and Ica in the west, Junín in the north, and Ayacucho in the east. It has an area of 22,131.47 km2 (8,545.01 sq mi) and a population of 347,639 (2017 census). It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huancavelica.
Mudke Dhariwal
Mudke Dhariwal  (Urdu: مُدكے دهارِيوال), is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kasur Tehsil and is located at 31°15'4N 74°3'52E with an altitude of 196 metres (646 feet). The village belongs to the HASHMI tribe of the Dhariwal.

Dhaliwal (surname)
Dhaliwal, also known as Dhariwal, is a surname and clan found among the Jat Sikhs of Punjab, India. Historically, they were influential Sardars (Sikh chiefs) under the Singh Krora Misl during the Sikh Confederacy in India.
Château Thorenc
43°33′50″N 7°01′44″E﻿ / ﻿43.564°N 7.0289°E﻿ / 43.564; 7.0289

The Château Thorenc is a historic garden in Cannes, France. It was established in 1870 for the Duchess of Bedford, when a chateau was erected. It was acquired by Sir Richard Atwood Glass in 1876. It was subsequently purchased by the Duchess of Montrose, followed by Stuart Rendel, 1st Baron Rendel. It was purchased by Albert Neubauer in 1930. He hired architects Louis Süe and Léon Le Bel to re-design the chateau, while painter Jean-Gabriel Domergue designed the Venetian living-room. It was owned by Bảo Đại, the emperor of Annam, from 1937 to 1960. In 1968, the chateau was demolished and replaced with a residential building. Over the years, the garden designers were Mr Maria, followed by Lucien Lhotte, Denis Troncy and Jean-Baptiste Dental.

Bảo Đại
Bảo Đại (Vietnamese: [ɓâw ɗâjˀ], chữ Hán: 保大, lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 1913 – 31 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc (Phước) Vĩnh Thụy (chữ Hán: 阮福永瑞), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was de jure emperor of Annam and Tonkin, which were then protectorates in French Indochina, covering the present-day central and northern Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932.

The Japanese ousted the Vichy French administration in March 1945 and ruled through Bảo Đại, who proclaimed the Empire of Vietnam. He abdicated in August 1945 after Japan surrendered.

From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại was the chief of state of the anti-communist State of Vietnam. Viewed as a puppet ruler, Bảo Đại was criticized for being too closely associated with France and spending much of his time outside Vietnam. He was eventually ousted in a referendum in 1955 by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who was supported by the United States.
Tokyo Laboratory
Tokyo Laboratory Ltd. (株式会社東京現像所, Kabushiki gaisha Tōkyō Genzōsho; doing business as Togen (stylized as togen) was a Japanese theatrical film developing and print production company established in 1955 and headquartered in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan. In addition, the company also processed visual effects and other special effects, conversion from one film or video format to another, subtitling and other titling (such as opening and closing credits), telecine conversion, video editing, VHS duplication, and DVD production.

In addition, Tokyo Laboratory had processed many films from Taiwan and Mainland China throughout its history. Such films include Red Sorghum, Farewell My Concubine, In the Heat of the Sun etc.

In September 2023, Tokyo Laboratory announced that it will shut down after 68 years in November 2023.

Red Sorghum (film)
Red Sorghum is a 1988 Chinese film about a young woman's life working in a distillery for sorghum liquor. It is based on the first two parts of the novel Red Sorghum by Nobel laureate Mo Yan.

The film marked the directorial debut of internationally acclaimed filmmaker Zhang Yimou, and the acting debut of film star Gong Li.  With its lush and lusty portrayal of peasant life, it immediately vaulted Zhang to the forefront of the Fifth Generation of Chinese directors. The film won the Golden Bear Award at Berlin Film Festival.
Yan Aung Lin
Yan Aung Lin (Burmese: ရန်အောင်လင်း; born 3 March 1993) is a footballer from Burma, and a goalkeeper for Myanmar national football team and the Myanmar U-22 football team. In November 2015, he transferred to Yadanarbon FC.

Yadanarbon F.C.
Yadanarbon Football Club (Burmese: ရတနာပုံ ဘောလုံး အသင်း [jədənàbòʊɰ̃]) is a Burmese professional football club based at the Bahtoo Stadium in Mandalay. The club was a founding member of the Myanmar National League in 2009.
Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center
The Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, also known as Hiroshima Synchrotron Orbital Radiation (HiSOR), at Hiroshima University is a national user research facility in Japan. It was founded in 1996 by the University Science Council at Hiroshima University initially as a combined educational and research facility before opening to users in Japan and across the world in 2002. It is the only synchrotron radiation experimental facility located at a national university in Japan.
The HiSOR experimental hall contains two undulators that produce light in the ultraviolet to soft x-ray range. A total of 16 beamlines are supported by bending magnet and undulator radiation for use in basic studies of life sciences and physical sciences, especially solid-state physics.

Beamline
In accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either

the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, or

the path leading from particle generator (e.g. a cyclic accelerator, synchrotron light sources, cyclotrons, or spallation sources) to the experimental end-station.

Beamlines usually end in experimental stations that utilize particle beams or synchrotron light obtained from a synchrotron, or neutrons from a spallation source or research reactor. Beamlines are used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, life science, chemistry, and molecular biology, but can also be used for irradiation tests or to produce isotopes.
Abiko (surname)
Abiko (written: 安彦, 安孫子 or 我孫子) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kyutaro Abiko (我孫子 久太郎, 1865–1936), Japanese-born American businessman

Mitsuhiro Abiko (安孫子 充裕, born 1988), Japanese sprinter

Motoo Abiko (安孫子 素雄, born 1934), Japanese manga artist. His pen name is Fujiko Fujio A.

Takamasa Abiko (安彦 考真, born 1978), Japanese footballer

Tomomi Abiko (我孫子 智美, born 1988), Japanese pole vaulter

Mitsuhiro Abiko
Mitsuhiro Abiko (安孫子 充裕, Abiko Mitsuhiro; born October 25, 1988 in Yamagata Prefecture) is a Japanese sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. Abiko competed in the men's 4 × 400 m relay at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, along with his teammates Kenji Narisako, Dai Tamesue, and Yoshihiro Horigome. He ran on the starting leg of the second heat, with an individual-split time of 46.70 seconds. Abiko and his team finished the relay in sixth place for a seasonal best time of 3:04.18, failing to advance into the final.
Tüdevtei, Zavkhan
Tüdevtei (Mongolian: Түдэвтэй [ˌtʰʉtɪɸˈtʰe]), also spelt Tüdeutei or  Tüdebhtei, is a sum of Zavkhan Province in western Mongolia. Sum centre is 17 km South of Oigon Lake. In 2005, its population was 2,003.

Districts of Mongolia
A district or sum (/sʊm/; Mongolian: сум ᠰᠤᠮᠤ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums.

On average, each district administers a territory of 4,200 km2 (1,600 sq mi) with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies.

Each district is again subdivided into bags (brigades; sometimes spelled baghs). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement.

Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (sum centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being unknown even to the locals.
Ababda people
The Ababda (Arabic: العبابدة, romanized: al-ʿabābdah or Arabic: عبّادي, romanized: ʿabbādī) are an arabized Beja tribe in eastern Egypt and Sudan. Historically, most were nomads living in the area between the Nile and the Red Sea, from Qena to Berber on the Nile. On the Red Sea from Halayeb to Hurghada. Numerous traveler accounts from the nineteenth century report that the Ababda at that time still spoke Beja or a language of their own, the Ababda are considered to be a Beja subtribe. Most Ababda now speak Arabic and claim Kawahla descent. The Ababda have a total population of over 250,000 people.

Halaib
Halaib (Arabic: حلايب, romanized: Ḥalāyib [ħæˈlæːjeb]) is a Red Sea port and town located in the Halaib Triangle, a disputed area between Egypt and Sudan.

It is about 20 km (12 mi) southeast of the ruins of the medieval port ʽAydhab.
The Outlaws of Mars
The Outlaws of Mars is a science fiction novel by Otis Adelbert Kline in the planetary romance subgenre pioneered by Edgar Rice Burroughs.  It was originally serialized in seven parts in the magazine Argosy beginning in November 1933. It was first published in book form in 1961 in hardcover by Avalon Books in 1961; the first paperback edition was issued by Ace Books in the same year. Later trade paperback editions were published by Pulpville Press in November 2007 and Paizo Publishing in May 2009.

The novel is a semi-sequel to Kline's earlier Swordsman of Mars, as the setting is the same and the two books have some characters in common.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
2013 Big Ten men's soccer tournament
The 2013 Big Ten Conference men's soccer tournament was the 23rd postseason tournament to determine the champion of the Big Ten Conference. The defending champion was Michigan State. The tournament was held from November 13–17, 2013.

Michigan State Spartans men's soccer
The Michigan State Spartans men's soccer team represents Michigan State University in NCAA Division I and in the Big Ten Conference. The team has made twenty appearances in the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament with the most recent coming in 2018. The Spartans have won two national championships, in 1967 and 1968, sharing titles with Saint Louis and Maryland respectively.
John Spencer (rugby league, born 1946)
John Spencer (10 August 1946 – 18 February 2021) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for Balmain as a second rower and is the son of former Balmain player and premiership winner Jack Spencer.

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Andrea Myrander
Andrea Myrander (born 1985, Haninge, Sweden) is a Swedish pop singer and former beauty pageant contestant. She was the lead singer of the Eurodance-hip hop group Basic Element from 2007 to early 2011. Myrander has done photoshoots for the men's publication, Moore Magazine. Myrander has also released a single under the stage name Bliz.

Haninge Municipality
Haninge Municipality (Swedish: Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area.

Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united.

The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived (the German word hahn means capercaillie), while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.
Tyoni Batsiua
Tyoni Batsiua (October 14, 1981 – 2004) was a Nauruan weightlifter. She won the Oceania Weightlifting Championships several times and earned six gold medals at the South Pacific Games. She went on to compete in the World Weightlifting Championships and the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Her career was cut short in 2004 by her sudden death at age 22.

World Weightlifting Championships
The World Weightlifting Championships is an international weightlifting competition, currently held annually (except for years of the Summer Olympic Games) by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). The predecessor organization of the IWF was founded in 1905, but World Championship events began before its foundation. The first recognized World Championship event was held in 1891, and was won by Edward Lawrence Levy of England.

Athletes today compete in a total of 16 weight categories (8 for men and 8 for women):

Men categories: 60 kg, 65 kg, 71 kg, 79 kg, 88 kg, 94 kg, 110 kg and +110 kg.

Women categories: 48 kg, 53 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 77 kg, 86 kg and +86 kg.
Chai with Manju
Chai with Manju: Every Life Has a Story is a 2012 Indian-American talk show created and hosted by Dr Manju Sheth and produced by Upendra Mishra and Dr Manju Sheth. The show made its debut on 23 October 2012 and has aired ten seasons over a span of ten years.

Chai with Manju featured celebrity guests such as spiritual leaders Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Sadhguru; Leader Bank, President, Sushil Tuli; philanthropists Desh Deshpande, Sudha Murthy, Jaishree Deshpande; academics Harvard Business School dean Nitin Nohria, Anant Agarwal; former chairman & CEO, Pepsi, Indra Nooyi; and politicians and officials Massachusetts Treasurer Deb Goldberg, Scott Brown, Elizabeth Warren, and Joe Kennedy.

Deb Goldberg
Deborah Beth Goldberg (born May 11, 1954) is an American politician, businesswoman, lawyer, and member of the Rabinovitz family. She is the Treasurer of Massachusetts, serving since January 2015. She was a member of the Board of Selectmen for the town of Brookline, Massachusetts from 1998 to 2004, serving the last two terms as chair. Goldberg was a candidate in the 2006 Massachusetts Democratic primary election for lieutenant governor. In 2018, Goldberg was re-elected as State Treasurer.
Alpine skiing at the 2025 Asian Winter Games – Men's slalom
The men's slalom at the 2025 Asian Winter Games was held on 9 February 2025 at Yabuli Ski Resort, Harbin, China.

Chencho Dorji of Bhutan competed in the event. However, due to issues with his FIS license, Dorji's results were not included in the official report. However, Dorji finished 23rd of 59 finishing skiers.

Yabuli Ski Resort
Yabuli Ski Resort (simplified Chinese: 亚布力滑雪旅游度假区; traditional Chinese: 亞布力滑雪旅遊度假區; pinyin: Yàbùlì Huáxuě Lǚyóu Dùjià Qū) is the largest ski resort in China and includes the country's largest ski jumping facilities. It is located in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang, 110 mi (177 km) southeast from Harbin, approximately 2.5hrs by train.
Vermont Green Party
The Vermont Green Party (VGP) or Vermont Greens formed in 2002 and was a state-level political party in Vermont.

They were formed out of organizing around Ralph Nader's presidential campaigns in 1996 and 2000.  The VGP was one of two established state green parties that refused to place the 2004 national presidential nominee, David Cobb on its ballot line, endorsing Nader's independent campaign instead.  The party ran statewide and local candidates from 2002 to 2010, but was split by internal tensions and both factions dissolved by 2011 and were absorbed back into the Progressive Party.

Ralph Nader 1996 presidential campaign
The 1996 presidential campaign of Ralph Nader, consumer advocate and political activist, began after he was drafted as a candidate for President of the United States on the Green Party ticket during the 1996 presidential election. Nader was not formally nominated by the national party or the Green Party USA organization, which was, at the time, the largest national Green group; instead he was nominated independently by various state Green parties. In some states, he appeared on the ballot as an independent.