hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psenulus
Psenulus is a genus of wasps in the family Psenidae. The 173 species are found worldwide, but are best represented in the Indomalayan realm with 68. The Palearctic has 26, the Nearctic 4, and the Australasian realm 3. Psenulus is largely absent from South America (1 species) and entirely absent from Melanesia and Polynesia. A recent phylogenetic analysis provided strong evidence that this genus is the closest living relative to bees.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Pozen (river)
The Pozen is a right tributary of the river Suceava in Romania. It discharges into the Suceava in the village Satu Mare. Its length is 32 km (20 mi) and its basin size is 148 km2 (57 sq mi). Part of its water is diverted by a canal from north of Rădăuți to the Suceava near Măneuți, upstream from its natural mouth.

Rădăuți
Rădăuți (Romanian pronunciation: [rədəˈut͡sʲ]; German: Radautz; Hungarian: Radóc; Polish: Radowce; Ukrainian: Радівці, Radivtsi; Yiddish: ראַדעװיץ Radevits; Turkish: Radoviçe) is a town in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. According to the 2021 census, Rădăuți is the second largest urban settlement in the county. It was declared a municipality in 1995, along with two other cities in Suceava County: Fălticeni and Câmpulung Moldovenesc. Rădăuți covers an area of 32.30 km2 (12.47 sq mi) and it was the capital of former Rădăuți County (until 1950).
Serbian Church Slavic
Serbian Church Slavic, also known as Serbian Church Slavonic (Serbian: српскословенски језик), was a liturgical and literary language used by the Serbs during the medieval and early modern periods, from the 11th up to the 18th century. It was a redaction of the Old Church Slavonic language, as applied under various influences of early vernacular forms of the Serbian language. It was the language of Medieval Serbian literature and early modern Serbian printing.

Sacred language
A sacred language, liturgical language or holy language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like church service) by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives.

Some religions, or parts of them, regard the language of their sacred texts as in itself sacred. These include Ecclesiastical Latin in Roman Catholicism, Hebrew in Judaism, Arabic in Islam, Avestan in Zoroastrianism, Sanskrit and Tamil in Hinduism, Meitei in Sanamahism, and Punjabi in Sikhism. By contrast Buddhism and Christian denominations outside of Catholicism do not generally regard their sacred languages as sacred in themselves.
See You in My 19th Life
See You in My 19th Life (Korean: 이번 생도 잘 부탁해) is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Shin Hye-sun, Ahn Bo-hyun, Ha Yoon-kyung, and Ahn Dong-goo. It is based on a webtoon of the same name by writer Lee Hye, which was published on Naver Webtoon. The series aired on tvN from June 17 to July 23, 2023, every Saturday and Sunday at 21:20 (KST). It is also available for streaming on TVING and Netflix in selected regions.

TVING
TVING (Korean: 티빙) is a South Korean exclusive subscription video on-demand, over-the-top, streaming television service operated by TVING Corporation, a joint venture comprising CJ Group, Naver and JTBC by its JTBC Studios, now called SLL. TVING distributes television series, specials, variety shows, films, documentaries, animations, and sports.
Chris Boneau
Chris Boneau is a veteran theatrical publicist, a communications strategist, media training consultant and professor.

Boneau formed Boneau/Bryan-Brown, a partnership with Adrian Bryan-Brown, in 1991. The company's credits include Angels in America, Art, Assassins, The Book of Mormon, The Boy from Oz, Caroline, or Change, The Color Purple, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Guys and Dolls, Gypsy, The Real Thing, Spamalot, Take Me Out, Urinetown, The Who's Tommy, the Atlantic Theater Company, Manhattan Theatre Club, the Roundabout Theater Company and Walt Disney Theatrical Productions.

Mr. Boneau also serves on the Steering Committee for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, is an adjunct professor at Columbia University's Oscar Hammerstein II Center for Theatre Studies and serves on the board of the Atlantic Theater Company.

The Color Purple (musical)
The Color Purple is a musical with music and lyrics by Brenda Russell, Allee Willis, and Stephen Bray, and book by Marsha Norman. Based on the 1982 novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker and its 1985 film adaptation, the musical follows the journey of Celie, an African American woman in the American South from the early to mid-20th century.

The original Broadway production ran from 2005 to 2008, earning eleven Tony Award nominations in 2006. An enthusiastically acclaimed Broadway revival opened in late 2015 and ran through early 2017, winning two 2016 Tony Awards—including Best Revival of a Musical.

A film adaptation of the musical was released on December 25, 2023.
BPIFA3
BPI fold containing family A, member 3 (BPIFA3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA3 gene. The gene is also known as SPLUNC3 and C20orf71 in humans and the orthologous gene in mice is 1700058C13Rik. There are multiple variants of the BPIFA3 projected to be a secreted protein. It is very highly expressed in testis with little or no expression in other tissues. The Human Protein Atlas project and Mouse ENCODE Consortium report RNA-Seq expression at RPKM levels (reads per kilobases of transcript per 1 million mapped reads ) of 29.1 for human testis and 69.4 for mouse, but 0 for all other tissues. Similarly, the Bgee consortium, using multiple techniques in addition to RNA-Seq, reports a relative Expression Score of 95.8 out of 100 for testis and 99.0 for sperm in humans; however low levels of BPIFA3 between 20 and 30 were seen for a variety of tissues such as muscle, glands, prostate, nervous system, and skin.

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
French ship Colosse
Three vessels of the French Navy have borne the name Colosse ("Colossus"):

Bizarre (1672), a 36-gun frigate, bore the name Colosse in her late career.

Colosse (1813), a Téméraire-class ship of the line, bore the name before being razeed into the 60-gun frigate Pallas

Friedland (1840), an Océan-class 118-gun ship of the line, bore the name Colosse when she was used as a barracks hulk.

French ship Friedland (1840)
Friedland was a first-rate 118-gun Océan-class ship of the line built for the French Navy during the 1810s. Completed in 1840, the ship did not play a significant role in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. She was proposed for conversion to steam power in 1857, but this was cancelled the following year.
Ani ni Aisaresugite Komattemasu
Ani ni Aisaresugite Komattemasu (Japanese: 兄に愛されすぎて困ってます; lit. "My Brother Loves Me So Much That It Bothers Me", titled My Brother Loves Me Too Much internationally for the live-action film) is a Japanese manga series by Rina Yagami. Ani ni Aisaresugite Komattemasu was serialized in the semi-monthly shōjo manga magazine Sho-Comi from June 21, 2015, to March 20, 2018. By 2017, the series sold more than 1.8 million copies in print.

A live-action film adaptation was released in Japan on June 30, 2017. To promote the live-action film, a television drama adaptation featuring the same cast was broadcast on Nippon TV from April 13, 2017, to May 11, 2017.

Takuya Kusakawa
Takuya Kusakawa (草川 拓弥, Kusakawa Takuya; born 24 November 1994), is a Japanese actor, singer, and dancer. He debuted as a member of the Japanese boy group Bullet Train, under Stardust Promotion in March 2012.
Durbin (surname)
Durbin /ˈdɜːrbɪn/ is a very rare male first name and a very popular surname, according to the 1990 U.S. Census. The surname Durbin is of French origin from a place called D'urban or D'urbin in Languedoc.  At the time of the British Census of 1881, its relative frequency was highest in Somerset (36.9 times the British average), followed by Herefordshire, Monmouthshire, Gloucestershire, Brecknockshire, Glamorgan, Cambridgeshire, Wiltshire and Warwickshire.

Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (/ˌlɒ̃ɡ(ə)ˈdɒk/, French: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk], locally [lãᵑɡəˈdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ(k)]) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
USS Frances
Frances was a  sloop used by the US Navy between 1813 and 1814. She was hired by Commodore Thomas Macdonough for use on Lake Champlain. Outfitted with five guns, she was found to sail poorly, but served as an armed tender, probably carrying supplies. She was part of MacDonough's fleet at the Battle of Plattsburgh in the fall of 1814.

Frances was returned to her owner later in 1814.

Thomas Macdonough
Thomas Macdonough, Jr. (December 31, 1783 – November 10, 1825) was a United States Navy officer noted for his roles in the First Barbary War and the War of 1812. He was the son of a revolutionary officer, Thomas Macdonough, Sr. who lived near Middletown, Delaware.

He was the sixth child from a family of ten siblings and was raised in the countryside. He entered naval life at an early age, receiving a midshipman's commission at the age of sixteen.

Serving with Stephen Decatur at Tripoli, he was a member of "Preble's Boys", a select group of U.S. naval officers who served under the command of Commodore Preble during the First Barbary War. Macdonough achieved fame during the War of 1812, commanding the American naval forces that overpowered a British squadron at the Battle of Lake Champlain, part of the larger Battle of Plattsburgh.
December 1936 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Monday, December 28, 1936, with an umbral magnitude of −0.1550. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee (on December 25, 1936, at 20:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Hermann Wilhelm Prell
Hermann Wilhelm Prell (1875–1925) was a skillful German bow maker. He was born on July 29, 1875, in Bad Brambach, Germany.

Hermann Wilhelm spent his formative years as a pupil of Heinrich Hoyer.

In the early years afterwards he worked for Albert Nurnberger (1893–1895) and August Rau (1896).

The following year (1897) he went to Paris to learn from Eugène Sartory. He established himself independently in Markneukirchen upon his return in 1898 where he lived and worked until his death on 4 April 1925.

Prell went on to become an internationally renowned bow maker.

Markneukirchen
Markneukirchen (German pronunciation: [ˌmaʁk.nɔʏˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany, close to the Czech border. It lies in the Elster Mountains (part of the Fichtel Mountains), 24 km (14.9 mi) southeast of Plauen, and 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of Aš (Czech Republic).

Markneukirchen is the main town of the small musical instrument-making region Musikwinkel, known for four centuries for high quality brass, woodwind and string instruments. Within this small locality, 113 different enterprises are involved in making musical instruments. They rely on traditional methods but sell all over the world.

The town is home to the Museum of Musical Instruments founded in 1883 by Paul Otto Apian-Bennewitz. It hosts an annual International Instrumental Competition and master classes.  Since 1993 the competition has been a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions. Arnold Voigt worked in the town for most of his life.
Egg Island (Alaska)
Egg Island (Aleut: Ugalĝa; Sugpiaq: Qangyutilim Qikertaa) is a small island in the Fox Islands subgroup of the Aleutian Islands in the U.S. state of Alaska. It lies off the eastern end of Unalaska Island and just off the northeastern tip of Sedanka Island. It is the easternmost island in the Aleutians West Census Area of Alaska. The island has a land area of 311.12 acres (1.2591 km2) and is uninhabited.

Its present name is a translation of the Russian name given by Lt. Sarichev (1826, map 14, dated 1792) of the Imperial Russian Navy. Sarichev named it "Ostrov Yaichnoy," meaning "Island of Egg." Sarichev also called the island "Ostrov Ugalgan" or "Ugalgan Island ," probably from Capt. Lt. Krenitzin, IRN, 1768 (Coxe, 1787, Chart 2)

Gavril Sarychev
Gavril (also Gavriil) Andreyevich Sarychev (Russian: Гаврии́л Андре́евич Са́рычев) (1763 — 11 August (O.S. 30 July) 1831), spelt "Sarichef" in the United States, was a Russian navigator, hydrographer, admiral (1829) and Honorable Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1809) in Saint Petersburg.
Goeppertia kegeljanii
Goeppertia kegeljanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Marantaceae. Native to Espírito Santo in Brazil, it is commonly also known by its synonym Calathea mosaica in the houseplant trade, due to the mosaic-like patterning on its leaves. As an ornamental plant, it is noted for its light green, oval leaves with a fine venation of yellow.

Marantaceae
The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, or the prayer plant family, of flowering plants consisting of 28 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order. Species of this family are found in lowland tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The majority (80%) of the species are found in the American tropics, followed by Asian (11%) and African (9%) tropics. They are commonly called the prayer-plant family and are also known for their unique secondary pollination presentation.
The Story of Will Rogers
The Story of Will Rogers (titled onscreen as The Story of Will Rogers as told by His Wife) is a 1952 American Western comedy biopic about humorist and movie star Will Rogers, directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Will Rogers Jr. as his father. The supporting cast features Jane Wyman. The film's screenplay was based on the true short story "Uncle Clem's Boy" by Rogers' widow Betty Blake, which was published in The Saturday Evening Post in 1940.

Bing Crosby secretly made a screen test for the lead role in 1943 (available for viewing at the Paley Center for Media in New York City and Los Angeles), but Warner Bros. Pictures owned the rights to the Will Rogers story while Crosby was under contract to Paramount and, in 1941, he had given up the clause that had allowed him to make one independent movie per year. Because of these contractual complications, Crosby could not be cast.

Paley Center for Media
The Paley Center for Media, formerly the Museum of Television & Radio (MT&R) and the Museum of Broadcasting, founded in 1975 by William S. Paley, is an American cultural institution headquartered in New York City with a branch office in Los Angeles. It is dedicated to the discussion of the cultural, creative, and social significance of television, radio, and emerging platforms for the professional community and media-interested public.

It was renamed the Paley Center for Media on June 5, 2007, to encompass emerging broadcasting technologies such as the Internet, mobile video, and podcasting, as well as to expand its role as a neutral setting where media professionals can engage in discussion and debate about the evolving media landscape.
Vicki Shiran
Vicki Shiran (Hebrew: ויקי שירן; February 28, 1947 − March 15, 2004) was an Israeli criminologist, sociologist, poet, film director, media personality and activist. She was a leader of a movement promoting Mizrahi Jewish consciousness in Israel. She was an advocate of equal rights and played a key role in the fight for the advancement of Mizrahim (Jews who originate from Arab or Muslim countries). She was among the founders of The Mizrahi Democratic Coalition and the Feminist group Achoti, and is considered one of the founding mothers of the Mizrahi feminist movement.

Am Oved
Am Oved Book Publishing Ltd (Hebrew: הוצאת ספרים עם עובד בע"מ) also known as Am Oved (Hebrew: עם עובד, lit. 'Working People') is an Israeli publishing house established in Mandatory Palestine in April 1942 by Berl Katznelson, under the auspices of the Histadrut. Am Oved was founded to make high-quality books accessible and affordable to the Hebrew-speaking working class, in line with the ideals of Labor Zionism. Over the decades, it has become a central cultural institution, publishing fiction, non-fiction, poetry, children's literature, and academic journals.
Joseph Craig English
Joseph Craig English is an American artist (born 1947 in Washington, DC) predominantly known for his silkscreen prints focusing on street and landscape scenery of and about places around the Greater Washington, DC area. He currently resides and works in the historic community of Washington Grove, Maryland.

Washington Grove, Maryland
Washington Grove is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. The population was 505 at the 2020 census. The Washington Grove Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Mong Ton District
Mong Ton Township (Burmese: မိုင်းတုံမြို့နယ်) is the only township in Mong Ton District (Burmese: မိုင်းတုံခရိုင်) and is the westernmost part of Eastern Shan State in Myanmar. The capital town is Mong Ton. It borders are Mong Pying Township to the north, Mong Hsat Township to the east, Mong Nai Township and Mong Pan Township to the west and Thailand to the south.
Loi Hkilek mountain is located in the area.

The township has three towns- the principal town of Mong Ton as well as Ponparkyin and Mong Hta which have a total of 11 urban wards. The township also has 114 villages grouped into 16 village tracts. The township also includes Ponpaykyin Subtownship and Mong Hta Subtownship, unofficial divisions of the township used for administrative and statistical purposes.

Mong Nai Township
Mong Nai Township (Burmese: မိုးနဲမြို့နယ်, Shan: ၸႄႈဝဵင်းမိူင်းၼၢႆး) is a township of Nansang District in the Shan State of Myanmar. The main town is Mong Nai, the capital of the historical Mongnai State. The primary agricultural products of the area are rice and sugar.
Signal analyzer
A signal analyzer is an instrument that measures the magnitude and phase of the input signal at a single frequency within the IF bandwidth of the instrument. It employs digital techniques to extract useful information that is carried by an electrical signal. In common usage the term is related to both spectrum analyzers and vector signal analyzers.  While spectrum analyzers measure the amplitude or magnitude of signals, a signal analyzer with appropriate software or programming can measure any aspect of the signal such as modulation. Today’s high-frequency signal analyzers achieve good performance by optimizing both the analog front end and the digital back end.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
Carpathian Army
Karpaty Army (Polish: Armia Karpaty, lit. 'Carpathian Army') was formed on 11 July 1939 under Major General Kazimierz Fabrycy after Nazi Germany created a puppet state of Slovakia and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed after the events that lead to the breakup of Czechoslovakia. According to Polish historians Czesław Grzelak and Henryk Stańczyk, it consisted of two mountain brigades, Lwów Brigade of National Defence and a Battalion Węgry (Hungary). Altogether, Karpaty Army was made of 26 battalions, 160 cannons and 16 planes.

Czorsztyn
Czorsztyn [ˈt͡ʂɔrʂtɨn] (German: Schorstin) is a village in Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Nowy Targ County. The village lies in Pieniny, the mountain range on the current Polish-Slovak border. It is famous for the ruins of a 14th-17th-century castle, which was the scene of the Kostka-Napierski Uprising in 1651.
Why the Bear Is Stumpy-Tailed
Why the Bear Is Stumpy-Tailed (Norwegian: Hvorfor bjørnen er stubbrumpet) is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in Norske Folkeeventyr.

It is Aarne–Thompson type 2, The Tail-Fisher.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Kantiri
Kantiri (Persian: كنت يري, also Romanized as Kantīrī and Kandīrī) is a village in Golidagh Rural District, Golidagh District, Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 463, in 83 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.