hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Explorer S-45 (satellite)
Explorer S-45 was a NASA satellite, which was lost in a launch failure in February 1961. The satellite was intended to operate in a highly elliptical orbit, from which it was to have provided data on the shape of the ionosphere, and on the Earth's magnetic field. It was part of the Explorer program, and would have been designated Explorer 10 had it reached orbit. A second identical satellite, Explorer S-45A, also failed to achieve orbit when it was launched.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Greased paper window
A greased paper window is a very inexpensive window made of paper coated in grease. The grease fills gaps between the paper fibers, reducing the amount of light lost to scattering. Greased paper windows provide a diffuse light source, while blocking wind and preventing insects and other small animals from entering a structure.

Greased paper windows were often used by American pioneers of the early 1800s and other itinerant peoples, in lieu of relatively expensive traditional glass windows. Laura Ingalls Wilder recalled living in a home with a greased paper window in her 1937 children's novel, On the Banks of Plum Creek.

On the Banks of Plum Creek
On the Banks of Plum Creek is an autobiographical children's novel written by Laura Ingalls Wilder and published in 1937, the fourth of nine books in her Little House series. It is based on about five years of her childhood when the Ingalls family lived at Plum Creek near Walnut Grove, Minnesota, during the 1870s. The original dust jacket proclaimed: "The true story of an American pioneer family by the author of Little House in the Big Woods".

The novel was a Newbery Honor book in 1938, as were the next four Little House books through 1944.
Elisabetta Casellati
Maria Elisabetta Alberti (born 12 August 1946), known by her married name as Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati, is an Italian lawyer and politician, serving as Minister for Institutional Reforms since 2022. She was President of the Italian Senate from 2018 to 2022. She was the first woman ever to have held this position. Casellati is a long-time member of the liberal-conservative party Forza Italia and served as Undersecretary of Health and Justice in previous governments. In 2022, she was nominated as candidate for President of Italy by the centre-right coalition.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Canton of Lens-Nord-Ouest
The canton of Lens-Nord-Ouest  is a former canton situated in the department of the Pas-de-Calais and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had a total of 16,928 inhabitants (2012).

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids
Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids (now, Montefiore Medical Center) was an American sanatorium charity hospital. Founded in 1884 in Manhattan, New York at Avenue A and 84th Street, the sanatorium relocated to a larger building in Manhattan on 138th Street before removing to The Bronx in 1910. It also changed names several times.

The sanatorium afforded medical treatment, food, and shelter to those unfortunates who, by reason of the incurability of their diseases, were refused admission in hospitals and asylums. It received all incurables, irrespective of creed and nationality. The institution was founded and maintained mainly by Jewish munificence. The organization also managed the Montefiore Home Country Sanitarium in Bedford Hills, Westchester County, New York, where it sent patients who were fit for a more active environment.

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
Oliver Wilkes
Oliver Wilkes (born 2 May 1980) is a former Scotland international rugby League footballer who played as a prop, second-row and loose forward in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s.

He has played for the Sheffield Eagles, Huddersfield Giants, Keighley Cougars, Leigh Centurions (two spells), Whitehaven, Wigan Warriors, Widnes Vikings, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats (two spells), Harlequins RL, Barrow Raiders and Workington Town.

Workington Town
Workington Town  is a semi-professional rugby league club based in Workington, West Cumbria, England. The club plays home games at Derwent Park and competes in the RFL Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Workington have won the League Championship once in 1951 and Challenge Cup in 1952.

The club's traditional home colours are white shirt with a blue band. Their main rivals are Whitehaven, while they also have a Cumbrian rivalry with Barrow Raiders.
John Evans (football manager)
John Evans is a Gaelic football manager. He has managed three senior inter-county teams: Tipperary, Roscommon and Wicklow.

Evans was the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship winning manager with Laune Rangers in 1996.

Tipperary county football team
The Tipperary county football team represents Tipperary in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Tipperary GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Tipperary's home ground is Semple Stadium, Thurles. The team's manager is Niall Fitzgerald.

Tipperary was the second Munster county to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick. The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2020, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1920 and has never won the National League.
USD Cirié Calcio
Unione Sportiva Dilettante Cirié Calcio (formerly Unione Sportiva Dilettante Orbassano Cirié) is an Italian association football club located in Cirié, Piedmont. It currently plays in Serie D. Its colors are black and blue.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
Synnøve Brenden Klemetrud
Synnøve Brenden (born 5 July 1959) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

During the cabinet Jagland, she was appointed political advisor in the Ministry of Agriculture. She has later served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland during the terms 2001–2005 and 2005–2009.

She is the former mayor of Lillehammer, having assumed the position in the period from 1999 to 2011.

She is also a board member of Film & Kino.

Oppland
Oppland [ˈɔ̂plɑn] ⓘ is a former county in Norway which existed from 1781 until its dissolution on 1 January 2020. The old Oppland county bordered the counties of Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. The county administration was located in the town of Lillehammer.
1981 Ards Borough Council election
Elections to Ards Borough Council were held on 20 May 1981 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 17 councillors.

Local government in Northern Ireland
Local government in Northern Ireland is divided among 11 single-tier districts known as local government districts (abbreviated LGDs) and formerly known as district council areas (DCAs). Councils in Northern Ireland do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility for education, road-building or housing (although they do nominate members to the advisory Northern Ireland Housing Council). Their 
functions include planning, waste and recycling services, leisure and community services, building control and local economic and cultural development. The collection of rates is handled centrally by the Land and Property Services agency of the Northern Ireland Executive.
Thomas L. Maddin
Thomas L. Maddin (1826–1908) was an American physician. He treated African-American slaves in Alabama in the antebellum era. He served as the director of a hospital for the Confederate States Army in Nashville, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. He was a professor of medicine at the University of Nashville and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM) is the graduate medical school of Vanderbilt University, a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. The School of Medicine is primarily housed within the Eskind Biomedical Library which sits at the intersection of the Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) campuses and claims several Nobel laureates in the field of medicine. Through the Vanderbilt Health Affiliated Network, VUSM is affiliated with over 60 hospitals and 5,000 clinicians across Tennessee and five neighboring states which manage more than 2 million patient visits each year. As the home hospital of the medical school, VUMC is considered one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States and is the primary resource for specialty and primary care in hundreds of adult and pediatric specialties for patients throughout the Mid-South.
Eugene Salamin (mathematician)
Eugene Salamin is a mathematician who discovered (independently with Richard Brent) the Salamin–Brent algorithm, used in high-precision calculation of pi.

Eugene Salamin worked on alternatives to increase accuracy and minimize computational processes through the use of quaternions.
Benefits may include:

the design of spatio-temporal databases;

numerical mathematical methods that traditionally prove unsuccessful due to the buildup of computational errors;

therefore, may be applied to applications involving genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation, in general.

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Khajani Assembly constituency
Khajani is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Khajani in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Khajani is one of five assembly constituencies in the Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 325 amongst 403 constituencies.

Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency
Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. This Sant Kabir Nagar constituency came into existence in 2009 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
A7 road (Northern Ireland)
In Northern Ireland, the A7 is a major trunk road running 15.0 miles (24.1 km) from Downpatrick, through Crossgar and Saintfield, to Carryduff. Here the A7 joins the A24 (running from Newcastle) at an at-grade roundabout, and continues to Belfast.

The section between Carryduff and Saintfield was constructed in the latter half of the 19th century, to bypass Ouley Hill, as the previous route along Old Saintfield Road/Killynure Road was proving too arduous for stagecoach horses.

Trunk road
A trunk road is a major highway with a specific legal classification in some jurisdictions, notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and formerly Ireland. Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are important routes usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports and other places, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are of motorway standard.

The term trunk road, or trunk highway, is sometimes used more generically to refer to other categories of major highway.
Ben O'Dea
Ben O'Dea (born 6 May 1992) is a New Zealand beach volleyball player.

Ben and his brother Sam O'Dea represented New Zealand at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, where they won the bronze medal in the men's pair competition. They were the nation's first men's beach volleyball team to compete at the Games. The pair also won the bronze medal at the Shepparton Open in Australia on the 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour.

O'Dea is the grandson of Bob O'Dea, who played rugby union for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, in the 1950s.

2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour
The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour was the global elite professional beach volleyball circuit organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) for the 2017 beach volleyball season. The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour Calendar comprised three FIVB World Tour 5-star tournaments, two 4-star, four 3-star, four 2-star and six 1-star events, the World Championships and the World Tour Finals, all organised by the FIVB.

The 2017 edition of the Swatch Beach Volleyball FIVB World Tour Finals will be held in Hamburg, Germany from 22 to 27 August.
Jack Juggler
Jack Juggler (full title: A new Enterlued for Chyldren to playe, named Jacke Jugeler, both wytte, and very pleysent) is an anonymous sixteenth-century comic interlude, considered to be one of the earliest examples of comedy in English alongside Ralph Roister Doister and Gammer Gurton's Needle. The play is believed to have been written sometime between 1553 and 1561 and was first published in 1562. The author of the play is uncertain, however it has been proposed to be the work of the London schoolmaster, Nicholas Udall. As the full title indicates, the play was most likely performed by a troupe of child-actors possibly at court during the Christmas season. The plot is an adaptation of a section of the play Amphitryon by the Roman comic playwright Plautus.

Nicholas Udall
Nicholas Udall (or Uvedale Udal, Woodall, or other variations) (1504 – 23 December 1556) was an English playwright, cleric, schoolmaster, the author of Ralph Roister Doister, generally regarded as the first comedy written in the English language.
The Racing Rats
"The Racing Rats" is the third single from Editors' second album An End Has a Start. The single was released on 26 November 2007 with a  CD format and three 7" singles in the UK, as well as on two CD formats and DVD on PIAS in Europe. It reached number 26 in the UK Charts, one place higher than the previous single, "An End Has a Start". It was used as the backing music, to the 2008 BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award tribute to Anthony Hopkins.

PIAS Recordings
PIAS Recordings (also known as Play It Again Sam) is a British-Belgian record label founded in 1982 by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot, In September 2024, the company was acquired by Universal Music Group. Play It Again Sam expanded along with other European independent labels in the early 1980s. Play It Again Sam's prominent early artists were electronic-rock acts like Front 242, Meat Beat Manifesto and The Young Gods. They later added artists such as The Sound, Soulwax/2ManyDJ's, Sigur Rós and Mogwai.
Mexico–Portugal relations
The nations of Mexico and Portugal established diplomatic relations in 1864. Both nations are members of the Organization of Ibero-American States, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Aníbal António Cavaco Silva GCC GColTE GColL GColIH (European Portuguese: [ɐˈniβɐl ɐ̃ˈtɔni.u kɐˈvaku ˈsilvɐ, - ɐ̃ˈtɔnju -]; born 15 July 1939) is a Portuguese economist and politician who served as the president of Portugal, from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016, and as prime minister of Portugal, from 6 November 1985 to 25 October 1995. His 10-year tenure was the longest of any prime minister since Salazar, and the longest for a freely elected prime minister in Portugal's republican history. He was the first Portuguese prime minister to win an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system (dating to 1974). He is most recognized for guiding Portugal into the European Union, liberalizing the Portuguese economy and improving infrastructures across the country.
Derriwong
Derriwong is a rural locality in Cunningham County, one of the Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales, Australia.

In 2016 it had a population of 38.

It is also a station on the Sydney - Broken Hill railway line.
Although mainly agricultural in character, the locality is notable as being the geographic centre of New South Wales, by one calculation.

(See Also Mount Tilga.)

Cunningham County
Cunningham County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It is located to the north of the Lachlan River near Condobolin.

Cunningham County was named in honour of the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham (1791–1839).
Gordan Nikolitch
Gordan Nikolitch, also spelled Gordan Nikolić, (Serbian: Гордан Николић; born 1968) is a Franco-Serbian violinist. He was the first concertmaster of the London Symphony Orchestra for nearly 20 years, having stepped down in October 2017 to concentrate on directing and teaching.

Castile and León Symphony Orchestra
The Castilla y León Symphony Orchestra (Orquesta Sinfónica de Castilla y León, OSCyL for short) is a Spanish symphony orchestra based in  Valladolid, the city which serves as the de facto capital of the Castile and León region.
Tommy Furlong
Thomas Furlong (1931 – 16 August 2019) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler who played for club sides Blackrock, St Michael's and Ballinure, at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team and with Munster. He usually lined out in the forwards.

1955 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster semi-final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 2 October 1955 at Páirc na hÉireann in Birmingham, between Cork and Warwickshire, in what was their second ever meeting in the final and a first in four years. Cork won the match by 3–09 to 1–05 to claim their third championship title overall and a first tile since 1953.
So Young, So Bright
So Young, So Bright (ジャンケン娘, Janken musume) (literally, "Rock, Paper and Scissors Girls") is a 1955 color (Eastmancolor) Japanese musical film, directed by Toshio Sugie. This is the first of the so-called "three girl" (sannin musume) series of films produced by Tōhō Studio, which involved teaming three popular young female stars of the period, employing a plot that portrayed their characters as best friends and recounted their romances and other adventures. This film was Toho's highest-grossing film of 1955.

Production design was made by Shinobu Muraki and the sound recordist was Masanobu Miyazaki.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
Love at 0 °C
Love at 0 °C is a Singaporean drama series which aired on Mediacorp Channel 8. It debuted on 10 July 2006 and consists of 20 episodes. The cast consisted of mostly relative newcomers and younger artistes.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.