hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salato
Salato is a surname.

The Salato surname is generally considered to be of Italian origin. Ancestral records date the surname back many centuries within Italy.

The oldest reference to the surname was a decree to Constantino Salato from Guaimar IV of Salerno dated July 7, 1039.

Notable people with the surname include:

Allesandro Salato, Bishop of Minori from 1498 to 1509

Guaimar IV of Salerno
Guaimar IV (c. 1013 – 2, 3 or 4 June 1052) was Prince of Salerno (1027–1052), Duke of Amalfi (1039–1052), Duke of Gaeta (1040–1041), and Prince of Capua (1038–1047) in Southern Italy over the period from 1027 to 1052. He was an important figure in the final phase of Byzantine authority in the Mezzogiorno and the commencement of Norman power. He was, according to Amatus of Montecassino, "more courageous than his father, more generous and more courteous; indeed he possessed all the qualities a layman should have—except that he took an excessive delight in women."
Yağmur Koçyiğit
Yağmur Koçyiğit (born September 7, 1988) is a Turkish volleyball player. She stands 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) tall and plays as an outside hitter. She plays for Fenerbahçe and signed a three-year contract with the team in July 2010. She has also played for Jamper Aguere from Spain, as well as Turkey's Eczacıbaşı Zentiva and Beşiktaş.

Koçyiğit won the bronze medal at the 2010–11 CEV Champions League with Fenerbahçe.

Eczacıbaşı Volleyball
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit is the professional women's volleyball department of Eczacıbaşı S.K., a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, Turkey. The team plays its home matches at the Eczacıbaşı Spor Salonu hall in Istanbul. Eczacıbaşı has won a record 16 Turkish League titles and a record nine Turkish Cups, amongst others. In the 2014–15 season they won the CEV Champions League and that gave them the ticket to capture the 2015 FIVB World Club Championship in Zürich, a year later the club became the first club in the world to win the FIVB World Club Championship back-to-back by defending their crown in the Philippines during the 2016 FIVB World Club Championship in Manila. Eczacıbaşı VitrA is the most successful Turkish volleyball club with 28 national championship titles overall since the introduction of a national league in 1956.
Wu Bo
Wu Bo (Chinese: 吴波; 1906 – 21 February 2005) was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of Finance between 1978 and 1980. He was a delegate to the 8th and 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, and a delegate to the 3rd National People's Congress. He was a member of the 5th Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the 6th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

3rd National People's Congress
The 3rd National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1964 to 1975. It held only one session in the ten years due to the disruption caused by the ongoing Cultural Revolution launched by Chairman Mao Zedong after 1966.
NMS Fulgerul
NMS Fulgerul was a gunboat of the Romanian Navy built in France in 1873. She was the first warship to carry the Romanian flag across the sea. She briefly saw service with the Imperial Russian Navy as Velikiy Knyaz Nikolay during the Romanian War of Independence. Fulgerul was transferred to border guards in 1910, and ended her days in 1968 as an oil fuel store at Galati.

Romanian Naval Forces
The Romanian Naval Forces (Romanian: Forțele Navale Române) is the principal naval branch of the Romanian Armed Forces and operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube. It traces its history back to 1860.
2009 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 2009 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament involved 64 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 2008–09 basketball season. It began on March 14, 2008, and concluded as the Findlay Oilers defeated the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos 56–53 in overtime on March 28.

Findlay Oilers
The Findlay Oilers are the athletic teams that represent the University of Findlay, located in Findlay, Ohio, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Oilers currently compete as members of the  Great Midwest Athletic Conference. The Oilers were a member of the GLIAC since 1997, when they switched from the NAIA to the NCAA. Findlay sponsors 20 NCAA-sanctioned intercollegiate sports. Findlay formerly sponsored varsity men's ice hockey, with the 1999–2004 seasons at the NCAA Division I level.
Wangchuk Namgyel
Wangchuk Namgyel (Dzongkha: དབང་ཕྱུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ།; born c. 1964) is a Bhutanese educationist and politician who was the speaker of the National Assembly of Bhutan from November 2018 to January 2024. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Bhutan from October 2018 till January 2024.

Dzongkha
Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ་ [d͡zòŋkʰɑ́]), also known by its exonym Bhutanese, is a Tibeto-Burman language in the Sino-Tibetan language family that is primarily spoken by the Bhutanese people. It is the official and national language of Bhutan, and is written using the Tibetan script.

The word dzongkha means "the language of the fortress", from dzong "fortress" and kha "language". As of 2013, Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers.

Dzongkha is a South Tibetic language. It is closely related to Laya and Lunana and partially intelligible with Sikkimese, and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha, Brokpa, Brokkat and Lakha. It has a more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan.
Lauritz Schmidt
Lauritz Thura Thrap Schmidt (1 May 1897 – 27 June 1970) was a Norwegian yacht racer and businessperson.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of jurist Axel Schmidt (1863–1930) and Petra Jensen. He finished his secondary education in 1915, took commerce school and practical training in Hamburg. In 1927 he married wholesaler's daughter Ingeborg Molstad.

As a yacht racer he competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he was a crew member of the Norwegian boat Lyn-2, which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class (1919 rating). Sixteen years later he won his second silver medal in the 8 metre class. He represented the Royal Norwegian Yacht Club.

He spent his professional career as manager of the book printer Nationaltrykkeriet and the bookbinder Forlagsbokbinderiet, from  1926. He chaired the Association for the Promotion of Skiing from 1939 to 1946, having been a board member since 1927.

Association for the Promotion of Skiing
The Association for the Promotion of Skiing (Norwegian: Foreningen til Ski-idrettens Fremme, or Skiforeningen) is a large association in Norway promoting Nordic skiing and other outdoor recreational activities.

Skiforeningen was founded in 1883 and has about 70 000 members. It maintains several thousand kilometers of cross country ski trails in Oslomarka and holds several events at Holmenkollen.
Where No Life Dwells
Where No Life Dwells is the debut album by the Swedish death metal band Unleashed. It was released in 1991 by Century Media Records, and was produced by Waldemar Sorychta, who would go on to produce more Century Media acts such as Lacuna Coil.

Lacuna Coil
Lacuna Coil is an Italian gothic metal band from Milan. Since their formation in 1994, the group has had two name changes, being previously known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal, and they have recorded ten studio albums, two extended plays, two live albums, two compilation albums, one video album, and sixteen singles and music videos.

They have toured internationally and were nominated in 2006 for a MTV Europe Music Award. They won the 2012 Metal Female Voices Fest Award for the Best Album, the 2016 Metal Hammer Award for the Best International Band, and the 2018 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Award for Best Live Act. The band's 2012 release, Dark Adrenaline, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200. As of March 2012, Lacuna Coil have sold over two million albums worldwide.
Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (Latin: Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; Italian: Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope.

The order is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See. The honor is bestowed upon Catholic men and women (and certain notable non-Catholics) in recognition of their personal service to the Holy See and to the Catholic Church, through their unusual labors, their support of the Holy See, and the examples they set in their communities and their countries.

Westminster Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Most Precious Blood, informally known as Westminster Cathedral, is the largest Catholic church in England and Wales. It is dedicated to the Blood of Jesus Christ and is the seat of the Archbishop of Westminster.

The original site on which the cathedral stands in the City of Westminster was purchased by the Archdiocese of Westminster in 1885, with construction taking place from 1895 to 1903. Designed by John Francis Bentley in a 9th-century Christian neo-Byzantine style, and accordingly made almost entirely of brick, without steel reinforcements, Sir John Betjeman called it "a masterpiece in striped brick and stone" that shows "the good craftsman has no need of steel or concrete."

The cathedral received Apostolic Visits from Pope John Paul II on 28 May 1982 and from Pope Benedict XVI on 18 September 2010.
The Countess of Chinchon
The Countess of Chinchon (Spanish: Condesa de Chinchón) is an oil-on-canvas portrait painted by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya, c. 1800. It is held in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. The painting depicts María Teresa de Borbón, 15th Countess of Chinchón, who had been encouraged by Queen Maria Luisa of Parma and by opportunism to marry Manuel de Godoy, the Prime Minister, in a marriage of convenience. It does not depict the more famous Countess of Chinchón who became the namesake of the cinchona genus of trees and shrubs responsible for early modern quinine production.

María Teresa de Borbón, 15th Countess of Chinchón
María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga, 15th Countess of Chinchón (María Teresa Carolina; 6 March 1779 – 23 November 1828), was a Spanish noblewoman and grandee. She was a patrilineal granddaughter of Philip V of Spain.
Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs (Denmark)
Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark (Danish: Kirkeminister, lit. 'Minister of the Church') is a Danish political minister office. The main responsibility of the minister is the Church of Denmark. The minister is politically appointed without any requirements being a member of the state church.

The office was created in 1916 when the post Kultus Minister was split up into the posts of Minister of Education and Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs. The new Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs also took over the responsibility for culture from the Kultus Minister. In 1961 responsibility of culture was transferred to the Minister of Cultural Affairs.

Since 23 November 2023, Morten Dahlin from Venstre, holds the post in the second Frederiksen cabinet.

Morten Dahlin
Morten Dahlin (born 1 May 1989) is a Danish politician who serves a member of the Folketing for the Venstre political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2019 Danish general election.

Since 2023, Dahlin has been serving as minister for ecclesiastical affairs, rural districts and Nordic cooperation in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen.
Aorangi Forest Park
Aorangi Forest Park is a 194-square-kilometre (75 sq mi) protected area in the Wellington Region of New Zealand administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC). It had been called the Haurangi Forest Park but DOC changed to reflect the Māori name of the range protected by the park.

The park has six backcountry huts and a recreational hunting area in the park. There is a large herd of wild red deer and dry conditions, making the park a popular destination for deerstalkers. There is also a small number of goats and pigs in the park.

The park can be accessed by foot from several local roads, or via private land with the permission of landowners.

Wilderness hut
A wilderness hut, bothy, backcountry hut, or backcountry shelter is a free, primitive mountain hut for temporary accommodation, usually located in wilderness areas, national parks and along backpacking and hiking routes.  They are found in many parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, northern Russia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Huts are basic and often unmanned, some without running water.
Baler
A baler, or hay baler, is a piece of farm machinery used to compress a cut and raked crop (such as hay, cotton, flax straw, salt marsh hay, or silage) into compact bales that are easy to handle, transport, and store. Often, bales are configured to dry and preserve some intrinsic (e.g. the nutritional) value of the plants bundled. Different types of balers are commonly used, each producing a different type of bale – rectangular or cylindrical, of various sizes, bound with twine, strapping,  netting, or wire.

Industrial balers are also used in material recycling facilities, primarily for baling metal, plastic, or paper for transport.

Set-off (law)
In law, set-off or netting is a legal technique applied between persons or businesses with mutual rights and liabilities, replacing gross positions with net positions. It permits the rights to be used to discharge the liabilities where cross claims exist between a plaintiff and a respondent, the result being that the gross claims of mutual debt produce a single net claim. The net claim is known as a net position. In other words, a set-off is the right of a debtor to balance mutual debts with a creditor.

Any balance remaining due either of the parties is still owed, but the mutual debts have been set off. The power of net positions lies in reducing credit exposure, and also offers regulatory capital requirement and settlement advantages, which contribute to market stability.
Cigar Mile Handicap
The Cigar Mile Handicap is a Grade II American thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three-years-old and older over a distance of one mile and is held in late November or early December at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York.  The event carries a purse of $500,000.

Discreet Cat
Discreet Cat (May 1, 2003 - May 25, 2023) was a thoroughbred race horse. As a foal of 2003 (May 1), the bay colt won the UAE Derby in March 2006. He was then shipped to the United States, but did not race in the Kentucky Derby or any other Triple Crown races.
Ashinaga (organization)
Ashinaga (あしなが育英会 Ashinaga Ikueikai) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Tokyo, Japan that provides educational funding and psychological support to children who have lost one or both guardians, as well as to those whose guardians suffer from serious disabilities. Since its founding in 1993, the organization has raised an estimated $1 billion and has helped over 95,000 students complete high school and/or attend university.  Ashinaga also provides residential facilities, psychological support, day programs and camps for both younger children and Ashinaga student loan recipients.

Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.
Mukta Arts
Mukta Arts Limited is an Indian film production company, headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1978, the company is involved in the production, distribution, exhibition and education in cinema and creative arts and production of digital software in television serials, web series and documentaries. It is the first Hindi film production company that listed on the stock exchange. Mukta Arts Limited has produced and co-produced 42 films in Hindi and other languages till date. It has distributed over 400 movies under the brand name Mukta movies distributors. In 2012 it entered into exhibition sector and launched its own chain of multiplex theatres under the name Mukta A2 Cinemas, now present at 18 locations in India including one in Bahrain with 54 screens.

The company also runs Whistling Woods International, a Film, Communication and Media Arts Institute since 2006.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Scarpetta (TV series)
Scarpetta, also known as Kay Scarpetta, is an upcoming American television series developed by Liz Sarnoff. It is based on the book series of the same name by Patricia Cornwell, and is produced by Nicole Kidman and Jamie Lee Curtis, who star. The series is slated to premiere on Amazon Prime Video on March 11, 2026.

Patricia Cornwell
Patricia Cornwell (born Patricia Carroll Daniels; June 9, 1956) is an American crime writer. She is known for her best-selling novels featuring medical examiner Kay Scarpetta, of which the first was inspired by a series of sensational murders in Richmond, Virginia, where most of the stories are set. The plots are notable for their emphasis on forensic science, which has influenced later TV treatments of police work. Cornwell has also accused Walter Sickert of carrying out the Jack the Ripper killings; Sickert is not considered a serious suspect by most who study the case, and strong evidence shows he spent most of 1888 outside the UK and was in France at the time of most of the Ripper murders. Her books have sold more than 120 million copies.
Juan Felipe Gomez
Juan Felipe Gomez (born June 7, 1977) is a retired Colombian Racquetball player. Gomez won gold at the 1995 South American Championship  in Men's Singles. He was ranked Colombian #1 player for a decade, from 1992 to 2002. Gomez was also Junior National Champion and doubles National Champion representing Colombia in various IRF - International Racquetball Federation events such as South American and Pan American Games and the World Racquetball Championships.

Racquetball
Racquetball is a racquet sport and a team sport played with a hollow rubber ball on an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a team who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team's player cannot bounce it back to the wall.

The sport is similar to 40×20 American handball, which is played in many countries. It is also similar to the British sport Squash 57, which was called racketball before 2016.
Netherlands women's national rugby union team
The Netherlands women's national rugby union team are a national sporting side of Netherlands, representing them at rugby union. The side played the women's first international test match against France in 1982.

Test match (rugby union)
A test match in rugby union is an international match, usually played between two senior national teams, that is recognised as such by at least one of the teams' national governing bodies.

Some teams do not represent a single country but their international games are still considered test matches (for example the British and Irish Lions). Likewise some countries award caps for games between their full national teams and some invitation teams such as the Barbarians.
Descent direction
In optimization, a descent direction is a vector  that points towards a local minimum  of an objective function .

Computing  by an iterative method, such as line search defines a descent direction  at the th iterate to be any  such that , where  denotes the inner product. The motivation for such an approach is that small steps along  guarantee that  is reduced, by Taylor's theorem.

Using this definition, the negative of a non-zero gradient is always a
descent direction, as .

Numerous methods exist to compute descent directions, all with differing merits, such as gradient descent or the conjugate gradient method.

More generally, if  is a positive definite matrix, then
 is a descent direction at . This generality is used in preconditioned gradient descent methods.

Conjugate gradient method
In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is positive-semidefinite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterative algorithm, applicable to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by a direct implementation or other direct methods such as the Cholesky decomposition. Large sparse systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations or optimization problems.

The conjugate gradient method can also be used to solve unconstrained optimization problems such as energy minimization. It is commonly attributed to Magnus Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel, who programmed it on the Z4, and extensively researched it.

The biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization to non-symmetric matrices. Various nonlinear conjugate gradient methods seek minima of nonlinear optimization problems.
Minatamis na saging
Minatamis na saging (literally "sweetened banana") is a Filipino dessert made with chopped saba bananas cooked in a sweet syrup (arnibal) made with muscovado sugar and water. Some recipes also add a little bit of salt and pandan leaf or vanilla extract. Other ingredients can also be added like sweet potato, sago, or other fruits like jackfruit. It can be eaten on its own or added as an ingredient to other desserts (notably for halo-halo). Adding the dessert over milk and shaved ice also results in another dessert known as saba con yelo (also sabá con hielo in Spanish).

The dish can also be cooked with coconut milk instead of water, which is differentiated as ginataang saba.

Muscovado
Muscovado is a type of partially refined to unrefined sugar with a strong molasses content and flavour, and dark brown in colour. It is technically considered either a non-centrifugal cane sugar or a centrifuged, partially refined sugar according to the process used by the manufacturer. Muscovado contains higher levels of various minerals than processed white sugar. Its main uses are in food and confectionery, and the manufacturing of rum and other forms of alcohol. The largest producer and consumer of muscovado is India.