hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Götaland theory
The Götaland theory (or Westrogothian School, Swedish Västgötaskolan) is a view which challenges established history and archaeology, and claims that the foundation of Sweden occurred not (as traditionally assumed) in Eastern Sweden, but in the province of Västergötland (Westrogothia). The adherents of this idea use wide-ranging methods, from controversial ones, such as dowsing and asking mediums to contact the dead, to more conventional methods such as etymology, but also claim that the established academic material consists of lies and forgeries. Although well known in Sweden and fervently preached by its adherents, it has never been accepted by scholars.

East Sweden
East Sweden (Swedish: Östra Sverige) is a NUTS 1 region in Sweden. The region is defined and used by the European Union for statistical purposes, it is not used as a region by Sweden which uses other divisions of the country.
TMA Pai International Convention Centre
TMA Pai International Convention Centre is a convention center owned by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education located in MG Road, Mangaluru. It is among the largest convention centers in India, with a seating capacity for more than 4000 people and an area of 16,730 square metres (180,100 sq ft).

The centre is named after T. M. A. Pai, the founder of Kasturba Medical College and Manipal Academy of Higher Education.

Its facilities include conference halls, an auditorium and an exhibition hall.

Mahatma Gandhi Road (Mangaluru)
Mahatma Gandhi Road, (M. G. Road for short), is a road situated in Kodialbail in the city of Mangaluru, India. Like most of its similarly-named counterparts in other Indian cities, this road is in the heart of the city and is one of the busiest roads in Mangalore, consisting of shopping malls, educational institutions, media houses, government offices. M. G. Road starts at P. V. S. Circle and joins the Kulur Ferry Road near Lady Hill.

M. G. Road was named after the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi.
The Seattle Review
The Seattle Review is a literary magazine established in 1977 by Donna Gerstenberger and Nelson Bentley. It is based at the University of Washington. Work that has previously appeared in the magazine has been short-listed for the Best American Short Stories and the Best American Essays on multiple occasions.

Gerstenberger was the first editor-in-chief, while Charles R. Johnson was the first fiction editor, and Nelson Bentley the first poetry editor. Between 1995 and 2006, Colleen J. McElroy was first poetry editor, then editor-in-chief. In 2006, Andrew Feld succeeded her.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."
Beaver (ship)
Numerous vessels have been named Beaver, for the beaver:

Beaver, one of the ships involved in the Boston Tea Party in 1773

Beaver (1793 ship) was launched on the Thames in 1793. She traded between London and Canada but in 1796 she became a whaler in the Southern whale fishery. The Spanish captured her in 1797.

Beaver (1796 ship) was launched in 1796 at Liverpool. She made seven complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved persons. She was captured and retaken once, in 1804, and captured a second time in 1807, during her eighth voyage.

Beaver (1805), an American merchant vessel

Beaver (steamship), a steamship 1835–1892, important in the history of British Columbia,

Beaver (1873 sternwheeler), a steamboat

Beaver (tugboat), a steam tugboat in Australia launched in 1886

Beaver (HBC vessel), see boats of the Mackenzie River watershed

Beaver (1947 ship), see boats of the Mackenzie River watershed

Beaver (steamship)
Beaver was a steamship originally owned and operated by the Hudson's Bay Company.  She was the first steamship to operate in the Pacific Northwest of North America, and made remote parts of the west coast of Canada accessible for maritime fur trading.  At one point she was chartered by the Royal Navy for surveying the coastline of British Columbia. She served off the coast from 1836 until 1888, when she was wrecked.
Shiroi Yuki
"Shiroi Yuki" (白い雪, lit. White Snow) is Mai Kuraki's twenty-fifth single, released on December 20, 2006. The song was first unveiled on the last day of Kuraki's Live Tour 2006 Diamond Wave and premiered on radio on NBS's "Azuma Takahiro no Young Peace" November 30. "Shiroi Yuki" was her first single in five years (since "always") and was used as an ending theme for the long-running anime series Detective Conan.

Nippon Broadcasting System
Nippon Broadcasting System, Inc. (株式会社ニッポン放送, Kabushiki-gaisha Nippon Hōsō), or JOLF, is a Japanese radio station based in Yurakucho, Chiyoda ward, Tokyo, headquartered near the Tokyo Imperial Palace. It is also the main company of the Nippon Broadcasting Group.  Nippon Broadcasting System is a subsidiary of Fuji Media Holdings and both companies are affiliated with the Fujisankei Communications Group.

Reportedly the most listened-to radio station in the world in 1990, Nippon Broadcasting System was instrumental in the creation of several companies including Fuji Television in 1957, Pony Canyon in 1966 and the Fujisankei Communications Group in 1967. Nippon Broadcasting System is also the home of the long-running radio program All Night Nippon.
Landing Zone Liz
Landing Zone (LZ) Liz was a forward support base for the US Marines and later for the US Army during the Vietnam War.

LZ Liz was located in Quang Ngai Province, I Corps, south of Da Nang and Chu Lai, west of Highway 1, north of LZ Bronco and Đức Phổ. It was on the Duc Pho and Mo Duc borders, just south of the 515 Highway, that ran from the South China Sea (Highway 1) west to Ba To. LZ Liz consisted of two small hills with a saddle running in between.  The saddle was occupied by the artillery. Liz was connected to Highway 1 by an access road that was about 3/4 of a mile in length.

National Route 1 (Vietnam)
National Route 1 (Vietnamese: Quốc lộ 1 (or abbrv. QL.1) or Đường 1), also known as National Route 1A, is the trans-Vietnam highway. The route begins at km 0 at Hữu Nghị Quan Border Gate near the China-Vietnam border, runs the length of the country connecting major cities including Hanoi, Đà Nẵng, Hồ Chí Minh City, Cần Thơ, and ends at km  2482 at Năm Căn commune in Cà Mau province.
Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR"
The Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" (Russian: Орден «За службу Родине в Вооружённых Силах СССР»), also known as the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR", was a Soviet military order awarded in three classes for excellence to military personnel.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Qu Xiao-Song
Qu Xiao-Song (瞿小松; surname Qu, b. Guiyang, Guizhou province, southwest China, September 6, 1952) is a Chinese composer of contemporary classical music.

He is a 1983 graduate of the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, where he studied composition with Du Mingxin.  In 1989 he was invited by the Center for US-China Arts Exchange of Columbia University in New York City to be a visiting scholar, and he continues to live in New York City.

He has received commissions from the Holland Festival, American Composers Forum, Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, and Boston Musica Viva.  
His operas Oedipus and The Death of Oedipus were premiered in 1993 and 1994 respectively, in Stockholm and Amsterdam. His chamber opera The Test (2004) was commissioned by the Munich Biennale and Contemporary Opera Berlin, and performed in both cities in May 2004.

His name is sometimes also written Qu Xiaosong.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Ikuma Horishima
Ikuma Horishima (堀島 行真, Horishima Ikuma; born 11 December 1997) is a Japanese freestyle skier who competes internationally.
He competed for Japan at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2017 in Sierra Nevada, Spain, where he won a gold medal in Moguls, and another gold medal in Dual moguls.

Horishima won the bronze medal in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics men's moguls with a score of 81.48. He repeated the feat at the 2026 Winter Olympics, again winning the bronze medal in the men's moguls.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
PHASMA
PHASMA is a radio frequency spectrum monitoring and space-based situational awareness mission developed by the Greek non-profit organisation Libre Space Foundation (LSF) with support of EU and ESA. The mission consists of two identical 3U CubeSats named LAMARR (after Hedy Lamarr) and DIRAC (after Paul Dirac) flying in close proximity of each other. They were both launched on the SpaceX Falcon 9 flight Transporter-15 in November 2025.

The goals of the mission are to quantify the global use of radio frequency spectrum, to locate sources of interference, to detect possible violations of signal transmission, as well as to monitor signal transmissions from other satellites. Initial reports from 2023 stated that the mission would consist of three CubeSats, but their number was later brought down to two. The mission is supported by ESA's Greek CubeSat In-Orbit Validation programme and the Libre Space Foundation received 2 million euros for its development.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
The Beggars Chorus
"The Beggars Chorus" (Roud 286, also known as "The Jovial Crew", "The Begging Song", "To the Begging", or "A-Begging We Will Go") is an English broadside ballad from the mid-18th century. It celebrates the life of a beggar, and treats begging as a legitimate English trade. Copies of the broadside can be found in the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, and the Huntington Library.

Tradesperson
A tradesperson or tradesman/tradeswoman is a skilled worker that specialises in a particular craft or occupation. Tradespeople (tradesmen/women) usually gain their skills through work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education, or some mix of these methods.

As opposed to a master craftsman or an artisan, a tradesperson (tradesman/tradeswoman) is not necessarily restricted to manual work.
Putney Arts Theatre
Putney Arts Theatre ("PAT") is based in Putney, in the London Borough of Wandsworth and operates as a community space specialising in theatre productions.

The Putney Arts Theatre stands in the Union Chapel built by Sir Samuel Morton Peto in the late 19th century. After the original congregation fell dissolved, the London City Council acquired the building.

In 1968, the theatre troupe Group 64 leased the Union Chapel in Putney from the London City Council. Group 64 purchased the building in 1998 and renamed it the Putney Arts Theatre. The opening production was attended by Sir John Mills, a patron of the theatre.

Group 64 Youth Theatre is the resident Youth Theatre Group, and Putney Theatre Company is the resident Adult Theatre Group.

In 2017, the theatre was renovated.

The Putney Arts Theatre is a registered charity.

Morton Peto
Sir Samuel Morton Peto, 1st Baronet (4 August 1809 – 13 November 1889) was an English entrepreneur, civil engineer and railway developer, and, for more than 20 years, a Member of Parliament (MP). A partner in the firm of Grissell and Peto, he managed construction firms that built many of London's major buildings and monuments, including the Reform Club, The Lyceum Theatre, Nelson's Column and the replacement Houses of Parliament - commissions which brought him great wealth. The scale of his operations, and that of the workforce needed to undertake them, made him the world's largest employer.

As a partner in Peto and Betts, he then became one of the major contractors in the building of the rapidly expanding railways of the time. Along with a small group of other Master Builders in London he is credited as a founding member of the Chartered Institute of Building in 1834.
Rizzigau
In the early Middle Ages, the Rizzigau (Latin Recensis pagus, pagus Rizogohensis, pagus Rizzigowi) was a territory (Latin pagus, German gau) in the Ardennes Forest in what is today the Moselle department of France and Luxembourg. It corresponds to the ancient Roman vicus of Ricciacum, which has been variously identified with sites near Dalheim, Ritzing or Roussy. In the tenth century, the Rizzigau was the lower part of the county of Waldefinga along the river Moselle, including such towns as Thionville, Remich and Évrange. It is described as the "country of Ricciacum in the county [or country] of Waldefinga" (Recensis pagus in comitatus Waldelefinganno or Rezcensis pagus in pago Waldefinga).

Thionville
Thionville (French pronunciation: [tjɔ̃vil] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Diddenuewen [ˈdidənu̯əvən] ⓘ; German: Diedenhofen [ˈdiːdn̩ˌhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the northeastern French department of Moselle. The city is located on the left bank of the river Moselle, opposite its suburb Yutz.
William Loch Cook
William Loch Cook (December 6, 1869 – March 5, 1942) was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1923 to 1942.

Born in Montgomery County, Tennessee, Cook served in the Tennessee House of Representatives for Dickson County in 1897. In 1908, he was elected to a seat on the Tennessee Ninth Judicial Circuit, where he remained until 1923, when Governor Austin Peay appointed Cook to a seat on the Tennessee Supreme Court vacated by the resignation of Justice D. L. Lansden.

Dickson County, Tennessee
Dickson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,315. Its county seat is Charlotte. Dickson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dickson County is home to Tennessee's oldest courthouse in continuous use, built in 1835. This is the second courthouse in Charlotte as the first one, a log building, was destroyed in the Tornado of 1833, which destroyed all but one building on the courthouse square.
Paraguay–Peru relations
Paraguay–Peru relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Paraguay and the Republic of Peru. Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1858. Paraguay has an embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in Asunción, and an honorary consulate in Ciudad del Este.

Both countries are full members of the Rio Group, of the Latin Union, of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, of the Organization of American States, of the Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations.

Organization of Ibero-American States
The Organization of Ibero-American States (Spanish: Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, Portuguese: Organização de Estados Iberoamericanos, Catalan: Organització d'Estats Iberoamericans; abbreviated as OEI), formally the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture, is an international organization made up of 23 member states of Iberophone nations in Europe and the Americas, as well as one member in Africa. The OEI's membership is composed of all of the sovereign states of Ibero-America and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as Equatorial Guinea. All members are Portuguese and Spanish speaking nations, in addition to Andorra, which is predominantly Catalan speaking, though the organization does not include all the Iberophone nations of the world.
The Canterville Ghost (Knaifel opera)
The Canterville Ghost (also The Ghost of Canterville, Russian: Кентервильское привидение, romanized: Kentervíl’skoye prividénie) is an opera by the Russian composer Alexander Knaifel in three acts for 18 singers and chamber orchestra, also in an abridged version for two soloists and chamber orchestra.

The opera was composed in 1965–66 to the libretto by Tatiana Kramarova after the 1887 short story "The Canterville Ghost" by Oscar Wilde. Text Russian (translated into English by V. Paperno). It is dedicated to the composer Rein Laul.

Also: Romantic Scenes from the Opera – in seven scenes with prologue for basso profondo and light soprano with chamber orchestra (shorter version). Duration: 90 minutes.

Basso profondo
Basso profondo (Italian: [ˈbasso proˈfondo], "deep bass") is the lowest bass voice type.

While The New Grove Dictionary of Opera defines a typical bass as having a range that extends downward to the second E below middle C (E2), operatic bassi profondi can be called on to sing low C (C2), as in the role of Baron Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier. Often choral composers make use of lower notes, such as G1 or even F1; in such rare cases the choir relies on exceptionally deep-ranged bassi profondi termed octavists, who may sing an octave below the bass part.

Bass singer Tim Storms holds the Guinness World Record for the "lowest note produced by a human".
Robert Russell Race
Robert Russell Race (28 November 1907 – 15 April 1984) was a British medical doctor and human geneticist.  He was Director of the Medical Research Council Blood Group Unit, of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.  His second wife, whom he married in 1956, was Ruth Sanger, who succeeded him in the post.

Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family. It had premises in Chelsea in London, Sudbury in Suffolk, and Elstree in Hertfordshire, England. It was the first medical research charity in the United Kingdom. It was renamed the Jenner Institute (after Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine) in 1898 and then, in 1903, as the Lister Institute in honour of the great surgeon and medical pioneer, Dr Joseph Lister. In 1905, the institute became a school of the University of London.
Acetatifactor aquisgranensis
Acetatifactor aquisgranensis is a species of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Acetatifactor. It was isolated from the cecal contents of a specific-pathogen-free laboratory mouse and described as a novel species in 2023.

Specific-pathogen-free
Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) is a term used for laboratory animals that are guaranteed free of particular pathogens. Use of SPF animals ensures that specified diseases do not interfere with an experiment. For example, absence of respiratory pathogens such as influenza is desirable when investigating a drug's effect on lung function.
Toshiyuki Someya
Toshiyuki Someya (染谷 俊之, Someya Toshiyuki; born December 17, 1987) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and model. He debuted as an actor in 2008 and has starred in multiple theater and film projects including Musical: The Prince of Tennis 2nd Season, Stage: Touken Ranbu, Kokuchō no Himitsu, and Koisuru Futari.

Someya debuted as a voice actor in 2016 through the Rainy Cocoa series, where he was initially credited as Chiharu Oikawa (及川 千晴, Oikawa Chiharu). Since then, he has notably been involved in Marginal #4, Hugtto! PreCure, School Babysitters, Renai Bakumatsu Kareshi, and Dimension High School.

Rainy Cocoa
Rainy Cocoa (雨色ココア, Ameiro Cocoa) is a bilingual Japanese digital manga series. An anime television series based on the manga began airing in April 2015, and a second season, titled Rainy Cocoa, Welcome to Rainy Color (雨色ココア Rainy colorへようこそ！, Ameiro Cocoa Rainy color e Yōkoso!), began airing in October 2015. A third season, titled Rainy Cocoa in Hawaii (雨色ココア in Hawaii, Ameiro Cocoa Rainy color Waikiki), began airing in October 2016. A fourth season, titled Rainy Cocoa Amecon!!, began airing in October 2017. A fifth season, titled Rainy Cocoa side G, began airing in January 2019.
Time in Idaho
The U.S. state of Idaho is covered by two time zones, as described below. All locations observe daylight saving time.

The Pacific Time Zone (UTC−08:00, DST UTC−07:00) covers an area roughly coterminous with the Idaho Panhandle or North Idaho:

Benewah

Bonner

Boundary

Clearwater

Kootenai (includes Coeur d'Alene)

Latah (includes Moscow)

Lewis

Nez Perce (includes Lewiston)

Shoshone

Portion of Idaho County north of the Salmon River

The towns of Burgdorf and Warren

An easy way to distinguish the line is that it essentially follows the line that divides Washington and Oregon. Idaho counties east of Washington observe Pacific Time, and Idaho counties east of Oregon observe Mountain Time.

The Mountain Time Zone (UTC−07:00, DST UTC−06:00) covers the rest of the state.

Boundary County, Idaho
Boundary County is the northernmost county of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,056. The county seat and largest city is Bonners Ferry.

Boundary County was created by the Idaho Legislature on January 23, 1915. It is so named because it borders Canada, and is therefore the only county in Idaho with an international border. It is also only one of three counties in the United States that borders two states and a foreign country, the others being Coös County, New Hampshire, and (via a water rather than land border) Erie County, Pennsylvania; these three counties additionally make up the entirety of the international border of their respective states, the only three counties nationwide to do so.