hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jutal
Jutal (Urdu, Shina: جوتل) is a village in the Gilgit District,  in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. The village is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Gilgit city. The world's highest paved road, KKH, passes through the village. In the south of the village is a small settlement, formed by migrant families affected during sectarian tension of 1988, called Jagot colony.

Gilgit District
The Gilgit District (Urdu: ضلع گلگت) is one of the 14 districts of Pakistan-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. The headquarters of the district is the town of Gilgit. At the 1998 census, the Gilgit District had a population of 243,324. The district includes Gilgit (the capital city), the Bagrot Valley, Juglot, Danyore, Sultanabad, Naltar Peak, and the Nomal Valley. The highest peak in the district is Distaghil Sar 7,885 metres (25,869 ft), which is the seventh-highest peak in Pakistan and 19th highest in the world.
Him Sivorn
Him Sivorn (Khmer: ហ៊ឹម ស៊ីវន; born 1970) is a popular female singer in Cambodia. She was one of the singers who performed at Phnom Penh's Olympic Stadium in celebration of parliamentarian Hun Many being awarded the Gusi Peace Prize in 2015.

Gusi Peace Prize
The Gusi Peace Prize is a private award given by the Gusi Peace Prize Foundation, based in Manila, Philippines. The Gusi Peace Prize is given to recognize individuals and organizations who contribute to global peace and progress through a wide variety of fields. It is conferred with the expectation that a recipient will continue working for peace.

The awards ceremonies are held yearly at Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay in Metro Manila. on the fourth Wednesday of November.
Chris Aire
Christopher Aire (born December 25, 1964) is a Nigerian born African American jeweler and timepiece designer.  He is the president of Solid 21 Incorporated and the founder of his eponymous brand, Chris Aire.

Bench jeweler
A bench jeweler is an artisan who uses a combination of skills to make and repair jewelry. Some of the more common skills that a bench jeweler might employ include antique restoration, silversmithing, goldsmithing, stone setting, engraving, fabrication, wax carving, lost-wax casting, electroplating, forging, & polishing.
Slepian
Slepian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barnett Slepian (1946–1998), American physician and OB/GYN who was shot and killed in his home by an anti-abortion activist, James Charles Kopp

Dan Slepian, American journalist, author, podcaster, and senior investigative producer at Dateline NBC.

David Slepian (1923–2007), American mathematician

Jan Slepian (1921–2016), author of books for children and young adults

Joseph Slepian (1891–1969), American electrical engineer known for his contributions to the developments of electrical apparatus and theory

Vladimir Slepian, a.k.a. Eric Pid (1930–1998), French artist and writer of Russian-Jewish origin

Dan Slepian
Dan Slepian is an American journalist, author, podcaster, and senior investigative producer at Dateline NBC. He is best known for his reporting on wrongful convictions and the U.S. criminal justice system, including the cases featured in his podcasts 13 Alibis, Letters from Sing Sing, The Last Appeal, and his book, The Sing Sing Files: One Journalist, Six Innocent Men, and a Twenty-Year Fight for Justice. His work has earned national recognition, including being named a Pulitzer Prize finalist in Audio Reporting (2024) and winning the News & Documentary Emmy Award for Best Documentary (2025) for The Sing Sing Chronicles.
Todd Gray (artist)
Todd Gray (born 1954) works in photography, performance and, sculpture as a contemporary artist who lives and works in Los Angeles, California and Akwidaa, Ghana.

Writing in the catalogue for the exhibition Black is, Black Ain't at the Renaissance Society, Chicago, Amy M. Mooney writes "critics have noted that Gray's work is "fluent in cultural iconography, driven by introspection, and steeped in issues of corporate politics and racial identity" and that his self-portraits thwart a traditional read of the exterior likeness". Gray describes himself as an artist and activist who primarily focuses on issues of race, class, gender, and colonialism, and uses these lenses to challenge binaries in the past and present. In general, his work aims to challenge the viewer both by what he is including and what he is leaving out.

Akwidaa
Akwidaa is a small town and fishing village in Ahanta West district, Western Region of Ghana. It is one of the southernmost places in Ghana.

The part of town near the Gulf of Guinea, known as Akiwidaa Old Town, suffers from flooding and erosion as a result of climate change. This is due to its location in a low-lying area adjacent to a wetland and river mouth. This resulted in most of the residents evacuating inland, which would become Akiwidaa New Town.
Brian O'Shaughnessy (actor)
Brian O'Shaughnessy (5 May 1931 – 19 June 2001) was a British-born film actor. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, in 1931, but was evacuated during the Second World War to South Africa, where he later found fame as an actor.

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
Kleophrades Painter Panathenaic prize amphora
The Kleophrades Panathenaic prize amphora is an Archaic period amphora by the Kleophrades Painter from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Dating to c. 500 BCE, the amphora, filled with olive oil, was the prize for a victor in the Panathenaia games in Athens. This particular amphora is a neck amphora that stands at 63.5 centimetres (25.0 in) tall.

Panathenaea
The Panathenaia (or Panathenaea) was a multi-day ancient Greek festival held annually in Athens that would always conclude on 28 Hekatombaion, the first month of the Attic calendar. The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena. Every four years, the festival was celebrated in a larger manner over a longer time period with increased festivities and was known as the Great (or Greater) Panathenaea. In the years that the festival occurred that were not considered the Great Panathenaea, the festival was known as the Lesser Panathenaea. The festival consisted of various competitions and ceremonies, culminating with a religious procession that ended in the Acropolis of Athens.
Canton of Molsheim
The canton of Molsheim is an administrative division of the Bas-Rhin department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Molsheim.

It consists of the following communes:

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
1st Army Area
The 1st Army Area (Thai: กองทัพภาคที่ 1) was established on January 13, 1910. Responsible for the Central, Eastern and Western regions, with headquarters located in Dusit subdistrict, Dusit district, Bangkok.

Dusit district
Dusit (Thai: ดุสิต, pronounced [dù(ʔ).sìt]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

The district is the administrative centre of the kingdom, as both the National Assembly and Dusit Palace are in the district, as are several ministries. It is connected to Rattanakosin Island by Ratchadamnoen Avenue (literally, 'royal way for travelling').

Neighbouring districts are, clockwise from north, Bang Sue, Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Pathum Wan, Pom Prap Sattru Phai, Phra Nakhon, and across the Chao Phraya River, Bang Phlat.
George (dog)
George (died 29 April 2007) was a pet dog in Taranaki, New Zealand, who was credited with sacrificing his life to save local children from a dog attack.  George's heroism was internationally recognised, and he received posthumous awards from New Zealand and British animal charities.

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Walenczyzna
Walenczyzna [valɛnˈt͡ʂɨzna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skomlin, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Skomlin, 13 km (8 mi) west of Wieluń, and 100 km (62 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter (EP)
The Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter EP by Herman's Hermits is the band's second EP and was released in the United Kingdom by EMI/Columbia (catalogue number SEG 8440.) It entered the Record Retailer EP Chart week ending June 12, 1965 and peaked at No.3.

Record Retailer
Record Retailer was the only music trade newspaper for the UK record industry from 1959 to 1972. It was founded in August 1959 as a monthly newspaper covering both labels and dealers. Its founding editor was Roy Parker (who died on 27 December 1964). The title changed to Record Retailer and Music Industry News shortly after launch.

With its issue of 10 March 1960, Record Retailer became a weekly magazine and started a chart showing the top 50 records in sales. For the period until February 1969, when a standardised UK chart was established with the British Market Research Bureau, the Official Charts Company recognises the listings compiled by Record Retailer as representing the official national chart.

On 5 October 1967 the title reverted to Record Retailer and in January 1971 became Record & Tape Retailer. The publication was relaunched on 18 March 1972 as Music Week.
Korne, Kościerzyna County
Korne [ˈkɔrnɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.

Korne was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Germans murdered the pre-war Polish wójt of Korne (local administration official) in the nearby village of Gostomie as part of the Intelligenzaktion.

Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)
The Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo pomorskie, German: Woiwodschaft Pommerellen) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1454/1466 until the First partition of Poland in 1772. From 1613 the capital was at Skarszewy (Schöneck).

The voivodeship comprised the westernmost part of the autonomous province of Royal Prussia and, after the Union of Lublin in 1569, the northernmost part of the Greater Poland Province.
Soil-borne pathogen
A soil-borne pathogen (or soilborne pathogen) is a disease-causing agent which lives both in soil and in a plant host, and which will tend to infect undiseased plants which are grown in that soil. Common soil borne pathogens include Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, Verticillium, Rhizopus, Thielaviopsis, and nematodes including Meloidogyne.

Root-knot nematode
Root-knot nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne. They exist in soil in areas with hot climates or short winters. About 2000 species of plants worldwide are susceptible to infection by root-knot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss. Root-knot nematode larvae infect plant roots, causing the development of root-knot galls that drain the plant's photosynthate and nutrients. Infection of young plants may be lethal, while infection of mature plants causes decreased yield.
Eaton Chapel
Eaton Chapel is a private chapel to the north of Eaton Hall in Eaton Park, near the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Eccleston, Cheshire
Eccleston is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Eaton and Eccleston, in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village is approximately 2.7 miles (4.3 km) to the south of Chester, near to the River Dee. The village is situated on the estate of the Duke of Westminster who maintains his ancestral home at nearby Eaton Hall.

According to the 2001 census, the population of the parish was 184.
The population of the civil parish was recorded as 246 in the 2011 census.
Middleton High School
Middleton is a name for several high schools in North America, including:

Middleton High School (Florida) — Tampa, Florida

Middleton High School (Idaho) — Middleton, Idaho

Middleton High School (South Carolina) — Charleston, South Carolina

Middleton High School (Tennessee) — Middleton, Tennessee

Middleton High School (Middleton, Wisconsin) — Middleton, Wisconsin

Middleton Transition School — Middleton, Idaho

George S. Middleton High School
Middleton High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida, named in honor of George S. Middleton, an African-American mail carrier, businessman and civic leader who moved to Tampa from South Carolina in the late 19th century. Middleton was established for black students in 1934 during the segregation era. The current facility opened in 2002 on North 22nd Street in East Tampa.

Middleton's mascot is the Tiger. Its rival school in Hillsborough County is Howard W. Blake High School. A historical marker recounts the school's history. It was an all-black school for nearly 40 years and remains predominantly black along with its surrounding neighborhood. It became a junior high school in 1971.

Middleton High School reopened in a new location in 2002 with community support. In 2008, a report recounted the school's struggles to improve academic achievement.
Sarcohyla
Sarcohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Mexico and is found in the montane parts of the country between Durango in the north and Guerrero in the south. These frogs typically occur in pristine habitats along streams in pine–oak woodland at elevations between 1,500 and 3,100 m (4,900 and 10,200 ft) above sea level. The generic name is derived from the Greek sarkodes meaning "fleshy" in combination with Hylas and refers to the thick, glandular skin characteristic of most of the species in the genus.

Hylas
In classical mythology, Hylas (Ancient Greek: Ὕλας, romanized: Húlas) was a youth who served Heracles (Roman Hercules) as companion and servant. His abduction by water nymphs was a theme of ancient art, and has been an enduring subject for Western art in the classical tradition.
WAY-214156
WAY-214156 is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that acts as a highly selective agonist of the ERβ. It is 100-fold selective for the ERβ over the ERα with an IC50 of 4.2 nM (compare to estradiol with IC50 values of ~3–4 nM for both the ERα and ERβ). The drug is less selective for the ERβ than is prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041), another selective ERβ agonist, but is more potent in comparison. WAY-214156 may produce anti-inflammatory effects via the ERβ and has been proposed as a potential treatment for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Víkingur Gøta
Víkingur is a Faroese professional football club based in Leirvík. The club was founded in 2008 after the merger of GÍ Gøta and Leirvík ÍF. They play at the Serpugerði Stadium in Norðragøta. Both villages are part of the same municipality Eysturkommuna, located on the island of Eysturoy and about 5 kilometers away from each other. The club won the Faroese championship for the first time in the 2016 season. In the 2017 season, Vikingur won the championship again.

Leirvík
Leirvík is a town on the Faroe Islands and was an important regional ferry harbour at the east coast of the second-largest island Eysturoy.

It was the only town in the municipality of Leirvík (Leirvíkar kommuna), however on 1 January 2009, it merged with Gøtu kommuna to make the new municipality called Eysturkommuna.

Leirvík is important for its fishing industry.

The Norðoyatunnilin, a submarine tunnel to Klaksvík to the east, was opened in April 2006.

A district heating system pulls heat from the sea, increases the heat in a heat pump powered by electricity, and sends the heat to the large buildings in the town.
Bacteriostatic agent
A bacteriostatic agent or bacteriostat, abbreviated Bstatic, is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise. Depending on their application, bacteriostatic antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives can be distinguished. When bacteriostatic antimicrobials are used, the duration of therapy must be sufficient to allow host defense mechanisms to eradicate the bacteria. Upon removal of the bacteriostat, the bacteria usually start to grow rapidly. This is in contrast to bactericides, which kill bacteria.

Bacteriostats are often used in plastics to prevent growth of bacteria on surfaces. Bacteriostats commonly used in laboratory work include sodium azide (which is acutely toxic) and thiomersal.

Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.
Thami Ntuli
Arthur Thamsanqa Ntuli (born 11 November 1973) is a South African politician who serves as the premier of KwaZulu-Natal since 2024. He is the Provincial Chairperson of the Inkatha Freedom Party. He was the mayor of the Nkandla Local Municipality from 2021 to 2024, and the mayor of the King Cetshwayo District Municipality from 2012 to 2021.

King Cetshwayo District Municipality
King Cetshwayo District Municipality (formerly Uthungulu District Municipality) is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. The seat of the district is Richards Bay. The majority of its 885 944 people speak Zulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC28. It is named after Cetshwayo kaMpande, King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1872 to 1879, who led his nation to victory against the British in the Battle of Isandlwana.
Tschirnhaus transformation
In mathematics, a Tschirnhaus transformation, also known as Tschirnhausen transformation, is a type of mapping on polynomials developed by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus in 1683.

Simply, it is a method for transforming a polynomial equation of degree  with some nonzero intermediate coefficients, , such that some or all of the transformed intermediate coefficients, , are exactly zero.

For example, finding a substitutionfor a cubic equation of degree ,such that substituting  yields a new equationsuch that , , or both.

More generally, it may be defined conveniently by means of field theory, as the transformation on minimal polynomials implied by a different choice of primitive element. This is the most general transformation of an irreducible polynomial that takes a root to some rational function applied to that root.

Rational function
In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers; they may be taken in any field K. In this case, one speaks of a rational function and a rational fraction over K. The values of the variables may be taken in any field L containing K. Then the domain of the function is the set of the values of the variables for which the denominator is not zero, and the codomain is L.

The set of rational functions over a field K is a field, the field of fractions of the ring of the polynomial functions over K.