hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rivergrove, Oregon
Rivergrove is a city in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. A small portion of the city extends into nearby Washington County. Its name is a portmanteau of the Tualatin River, which forms its southern border, and Lake Grove, a community that is now part of Lake Oswego. Interstate 5 forms the western border, with Childs Road serving as the northern border for much of the city. The population was 545 at the 2020 census.

Tualatin River
The Tualatin River is a tributary of the Willamette River in Oregon in the United States. The river is about 83 miles (134 km) long, and it drains a fertile farming region called the Tualatin Valley southwest and west of Portland at the northwest corner of the Willamette Valley. There are approximately 500,000 people residing on 15 percent of the land in the river's watershed.
Lunar observation
The Moon is the largest natural satellite of and the closest major astronomical object to Earth. The Moon may be observed by using a variety of optical instruments, ranging from the naked eye to large telescopes. The Moon is the only celestial body upon which surface features can be discerned with the unaided eyes of most people.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
47th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 47th Brigade was a formation of British Army. It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army. It was assigned to the 16th (Irish) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War. Philip Miles of the Indian Army briefly commanded this brigade.

As the 47th (London) Brigade, it was part of the 56th London Division/District in the 1960s.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Mixed martial arts in Brazil
Mixed martial arts in Brazil is the second most popular sport after football, but historically the most popular combat sport. Brazil is seen as a pioneer of MMA worldwide, and many Brazilian fans credit the country as the creator of the discipline.

The country has produced numerous fighters who have won world championships abroad, such as in PRIDE Fighting Championships, M-1 Global, the Ultimate Fighting Championship, Bellator MMA, ONE Championship, and LUX Fight League. In the UFC, Brazilians have the most foreign champions (a total of 22 fighters).

M-1 Global
M-1 Global (Mixfight-1) or MMA-1 (Mixed martial arts-1) is a mixed martial arts promotion based in St. Petersburg, Russia which organizes between 10 and 20 competitions per year.

It hosted its first major show (rather than co-promoting with other organizations) entitled M-1 Global Presents Breakthrough on August 28, 2009 at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas.

M-1, in 2009, signed a contract to co-promote with Explosion Entertainment.
Migliarino Pisano
Migliarino Pisano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Vecchiano, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 2,678.

Migliarino Pisano is about 6 km from Pisa and 5 km from Vecchiano.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
MathOverflow
MathOverflow is a mathematics question-and-answer (Q&A) website, which serves as an online community of mathematicians.  It allows users to ask questions, submit answers, and rate both, all while getting merit points for their activities. It is a part of the Stack Exchange Network, but distinct from math.stackexchange.com.

It is primarily for asking questions on mathematics research – i.e. related to unsolved problems and the extension of knowledge of mathematics into areas that are not yet known – and does not welcome requests from non-mathematicians for instruction, for example homework exercises.  It does welcome various questions on other topics that might normally be discussed among mathematicians, for example about publishing, refereeing, advising, getting tenure, etc.  It is generally inhospitable to questions perceived as tendentious or argumentative.

Academic tenure
Tenure is a type of academic appointment that offers its holder a semi-permanent position at an institution, protecting them from being fired or laid off for their personal beliefs and practices. Academic tenure originated in the United States in the early 20th century, and several other countries have since adopted it. Tenure is a means of defending the principle of academic freedom, though tenured staff can still be fired under just cause laws or under extraordinary circumstances such as financial exigency or program discontinuation.
Rotoroa Island
Rotoroa Island (formerly known as Ruthe's Island) is an island to the east of Waiheke Island in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. It is just over an hour away by ferry from the Auckland ferry terminal. It covers 82 hectares (200 acres).

Saddleback (bird)
The saddlebacks or tīeke (Māori) are two species of New Zealand birds of the family Callaeidae. Both are glossy black with a chestnut saddle. Their taxonomic family is also known as that of the (New Zealand) "wattlebirds" and includes the two species of kōkako, and the extinct huia. All members of the family Callaeidae have coloured fleshy wattles on either side of the beak; the saddlebacks' are a vivid red.
The Empire Strikes Back (novel)
The Empire Strikes Back is a science-fiction novelization written by Donald F. Glut and first published by Del Rey. It is based on the screenplay to the film of the same name by Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan from story by George Lucas. Along with the film, it introduces new characters, most notably Lando Calrissian and Boba Fett (though Fett had been seen in the earlier low-canon Star Wars Holiday Special, which was made completely apocryphal in 2014).

The novelization was released on April 12, 1980, over one month before the film's theatrical release on May 21. It was originally released in two forms; a standard edition and a special Young Readers' Edition that was condensed into 150 pages. Initial printings of both versions contained 8 pages of color photographs in the middle of the book.

Del Rey Books
Del Rey Books is an imprint of the Random House Group, a division of Penguin Random House.  The imprint was established in 1977 under the editorship of Judy-Lynn del Rey and her husband, author Lester del Rey.  Today, the imprint specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and fantasy romance.

The first new novel published by Del Rey was The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks in 1977. Del Rey formerly published Star Wars novels under the Lucasbooks sub-imprint (licensed from Lucasfilm, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios division of The Walt Disney Company) that are now published by its sister imprint, Random House Worlds.
Piney Grove (Kent County, Maryland)
Piney Grove is a historic home located near Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, six-bay by two bay, gable-roofed, stuccoed brick dwelling with gabled dormers.  The original four-room plan portion was built about 1773, with an equal size Italianate-style addition added in 1864. The house features a full-width giant order portico.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

Kent County, Maryland
Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,198, making it the least populous county in Maryland. Its county seat is Chestertown. The county was named for the county of Kent in England. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state and is the oldest county in Maryland.

Along with Caroline and Garrett Counties, it is one of three counties in the state that are not part of a metropolitan statistical area.
Botarwadi
Botarwadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India. Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district.  Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
Napolact
Napolact is the main Romanian brand which belongs to the Dutch company FrieslandCampina and it’s one of the biggest dairy producers in Romania. It owns three production facilities in Cluj (Baciu), Târgu Mureș and Țaga.

FrieslandCampina
Royal FrieslandCampina N.V. is a Dutch multinational dairy cooperative which is based in Amersfoort, Netherlands. It is the result of a merger between Friesland Foods and Campina on 30 December 2008. The European Commission approved the merger on 17 December 2008, on the condition that the new company divest some activities by the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom.

It is one of the world's largest dairy co-operative and one of the top 5 dairy companies in the world with annual revenue of close to 13 billion euros (2024). FrieslandCampina has branch offices in 32 countries and employs a total of 19,576 people.

Its main brands are Friesche Vlag (or Frisian Flag in Indonesian market), Chocomel / CeCemel, Fristi, Frico, Friso, Dutch Lady, Milner, Campina, Landliebe, Optimel, Mona, Parrano, Lattiz, Debic, Olpers, Peak, Three Crowns and "Mix'it". FrieslandCampina's products are sold in more than 100 countries.
Combi aircraft
Combi aircraft in commercial aviation are aircraft that can be used to carry either passengers as an airliner, or cargo as a freighter, and may have a partition in the aircraft cabin to allow both uses at the same time in a mixed passenger/freight combination. The name combi comes from the word combination. The concept originated in railroading with the combine car, a passenger car that contains a separate compartment for mail or baggage.

Combi aircraft typically feature an oversized cargo door, as well as tracks on the cabin floor to allow the seats to be added or removed quickly.

Typically, configured for both passenger and cargo duty, the passenger compartment is pressurized to a higher pressure, to prevent potential fumes from cargo entering the passenger area.

Douglas DC-7
The Douglas DC-7 is a retired American airliner built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1953 to 1958. A derivative of the DC-6, it was the last major piston engine-powered passenger aircraft made by Douglas, being developed shortly after the earliest jet airliner—the de Havilland Comet—entered service and only a few years before the jet-powered Douglas DC-8 first flew in 1958. Larger numbers of both DC-7B and DC-7C variants were also built, with a handful of aircraft converted to cargo hauling or fire-fighting after their commercial transport days had passed.

Unlike other far more successful propeller-driven Douglas aircraft, such as the DC-3 and DC-6, no examples of the DC-7 remain in service as of 2020.
Kac's lemma
In ergodic theory, Kac's lemma, demonstrated by mathematician Mark Kac in 1947, is a lemma stating that in a finite measure space the orbit of almost all the points contained in a set  of such space, whose measure is , return to  within an average time inversely proportional to .

The lemma extends what is stated by Poincaré recurrence theorem, in which it is shown that the points return in  infinite times.

Finite measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, a finite measure or totally finite measure is a special measure that always takes on finite values. Among finite measures are probability measures. The finite measures are often easier to handle than more general measures and show a variety of different properties depending on the sets they are defined on.
Society of Texas Film Critics Awards 1996
The 3rd Society of Texas Film Critics Awards were given by the Society of Texas Film Critics (STFC) on December 19, 1996. The list of winners was announced by STFC president Joe Leydon. Founded in 1994, the Society of Texas Film Critics members included film critics working for print and broadcast outlets across the state of Texas.

John Sayles
John Thomas Sayles (born September 28, 1950) is an American independent film director, screenwriter, editor, actor, and novelist. He is known for writing and directing the films The Brother from Another Planet (1984), Matewan (1987), Eight Men Out (1988), Passion Fish (1992), The Secret of Roan Inish (1994), Lone Star (1996), Men with Guns (1997), Sunshine State (2002), and Silver City (2004).

For Eight Men Out, Sayles was nominated for the USC Scripter Award. He has twice been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, for Passion Fish and Lone Star. At the 56th Golden Globe Awards, Men with Guns was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film. His directorial debut Return of the Secaucus 7 (1980), as well as Matewan, were added to the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 1997 and 2023, respectively.
Cyrias Roy
Georges-Cyrias Roy (August 6, 1864 – June 27, 1919) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Montmagny in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal.

He was born in St-François de la Rivière-du-Sud, the son of Georges Roy and Henriette Corriveau. Roy was admitted to the Quebec bar in 1887 and practised in Montmagny. In 1899, he was named prothonotary for Montmagny district, sharing this title with Amédée Beabien until 1904; he resigned this position in 1908 to run for a seat in the House of Commons. In 1912, he became prothonotary again, this time with Cléophas Leclerc. Roy died in Montmagny at the age of 54.

Roy also served as mayor of Montmagny in 1896 and 1897.

Montmagny, Quebec
Montmagny (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃maɲi] ⓘ) is a city in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality within the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It is the county seat and had a population, as of the 2021 Canadian census, of 10,999.

The city is on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Quebec City, and was founded more than 350 years ago. It is Canada's Snow Goose Capital, and festivals include the International Accordion Festival in September and the Festival of the Snow Geese in October.

The city was named after Charles de Montmagny, the first to have the title of governor of New France; Samuel de Champlain was commander in chief.

Montmagny was the county seat of the former Montmagny County.
Systems modeling
Systems modeling or system modeling is the interdisciplinary study of the use of models to conceptualize and construct systems in business and IT development.

A common type of systems modeling is function modeling, with specific techniques such as the Functional Flow Block Diagram and IDEF0. These models can be extended using functional decomposition, and can be linked to requirements models for further systems partition.

Contrasting the functional modeling, another type of systems modeling is architectural modeling which uses the systems architecture to conceptually model the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a workflow, can also be considered to be a systems modeling language.

Functional decomposition
In engineering, functional decomposition is the process of resolving a functional relationship into its constituent parts in such a way that the original function can be reconstructed (i.e., recomposed) from those parts.

This process of decomposition may be undertaken to gain insight into the identity of the constituent components, which may reflect individual physical processes of interest. Also, functional decomposition may result in a compressed representation of the global function, a task which is feasible only when the constituent processes possess a certain level of modularity (i.e., independence or non-interaction).

Interaction (statistics)(a situation in which one causal variable depends on the state of a second causal variable) between the components are critical to the function of the collection. All interactions may not be observable, or measured, but possibly deduced through repetitive perception, synthesis, validation and verification of composite behavior.
Davit Khutsishvili
Davit Khutsishvili (born 19 October 1990, in Sagarejo) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler. He competed in the freestyle 74 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after defeating Pürevjavyn Önörbat in the qualifications and Augusto Midana in the 1/8 finals, he was eliminated by Denis Tsargush in the quarterfinals.

Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 74 kg
Men's freestyle 74 kilograms competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 10 August at ExCeL London.
This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals. The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consisted of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that round; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds (and thus the match).
Bavarian Pt 2/4 N
The Bavarian Pt 2/4 N was a steam locomotive with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn). It was developed in parallel with the Bavarian Pt 2/3 and for the same duties. Instead of a fixed carrying axle it was given a bogie. This change brought no advantage, so the more cost-effective Pt 2/3 was favoured. The two Pt 2/4 N engines were nevertheless taken over by the Reichsbahn, but were retired by 1928.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
National electronic Library for Health
The National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) was a digital library service provided by the NHS for healthcare professionals and the public between 1998 and 2006. It briefly became the National Library for Health and elements of it continue to this day as NHS Evidence, managed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and a range of services provided by Health Education England's Library and Knowledge Service Leads.

NHS Connecting for Health
The NHS Connecting for Health (CFH) agency was part of the UK Department of Health and was formed on 1 April 2005, having replaced the former NHS Information Authority. It was part of the Department of Health Informatics Directorate, with the role to maintain and develop the NHS national IT infrastructure. It adopted the responsibility of delivering the NHS National Programme for IT (NPfIT), an initiative by the Department of Health to move the National Health Service (NHS) in England towards a single, centrally-mandated electronic care record for patients and to connect 30,000 general practitioners to 300 hospitals, providing secure and audited access to these records by authorised health professionals.

On 31 March 2013, NHS Connecting for Health ceased to exist, and some projects and responsibilities were taken over by Health and Social Care Information Centre.
Saints Christopher, Jerome and Louis of Toulouse
Saints Christopher, Jerome and Louis of Toulouse is an oil-on-panel painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Giovanni Bellini, executed in 1513, and housed in the church of San Giovanni Crisostomo, Venice.

Giovanni Bellini
Giovanni Bellini (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni belˈliːni]; Venetian: Zuane Belin; c. 1430 – 29 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. He was raised in the household of Jacopo Bellini, formerly thought to have been his father, but now that familial generational relationship is questioned. An older brother, Gentile Bellini, was more highly regarded than Giovanni during his lifetime, but the reverse is true today. His brother-in-law was Andrea Mantegna.

Giovanni Bellini was considered to have revolutionised Venetian painting, moving it toward a more sensuous and colouristic style. Through the use of clear, slow-drying oil paints, Giovanni created deep, rich tints and detailed shadings. His sumptuous colouring and fluent, atmospheric landscapes had a great effect on the Venetian painting school, especially on his pupils Giorgione and Titian. The Bellini cocktail is named in his honour.