hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of eugenics
The history of eugenics is the study of development and advocacy of ideas related to eugenics around the world. Early eugenic ideas were discussed in Ancient Greece and Rome. The height of the modern eugenics movement came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson FRS FRSE (/ˈpɪərsən/; born Carl Pearson; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English biostatistician and mathematician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics and meteorology. Pearson was also a proponent of Social Darwinism and eugenics, and his thought is an example of what is today described as scientific racism. Pearson was a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton. He edited and completed both William Kingdon Clifford's Common Sense of the Exact Sciences (1885) and Isaac Todhunter's History of the Theory of Elasticity, Vol. 1 (1886–1893) and Vol. 2 (1893), following their deaths.
Keith Williams (developer)
Keith Williams, CMG (22 September 1929 – 19 October 2011) was an Australian entrepreneur who developed some of the best known  attractions in Queensland, including Sea World, Hamilton Island and Port Hinchinbrook.

Williams was a self-made multimillionaire who began his career in the 1960s with the creation of a water skiing park in Surfers Paradise. This was followed by a raceway, Sea World, and Hamilton Island, Daydream Island and Port Hinchinbrook in the Whitsunday Islands.

Williams earned a reputation as both a visionary and a pioneer, and as the bane of environmentalists.

He was born in Brisbane on 22 September 1929. He left school aged 13 and by aged 16 had started his first business. By 19, he was making products licensed by Walt Disney in a self-built factory at Bulimba with 50 employees. By age 30 Williams was an Australian water-skiing champion and in 1963 married a former TV star and later Miss Gold Coast, Thea Williams.

Whitsunday Islands
The Whitsunday Islands are 74 continental islands of various sizes off the central coast of Queensland, Australia, 900 kilometres (560 miles) north of Brisbane. They were the traditional homelands of Ngaro and Gia (Juru) people, an Aboriginal Australian group, also called 'canoe people'.
Kennedy (commentator)
Lisa Kennedy Montgomery (born September 8, 1972), referred to mononymously as Kennedy, is an American libertarian political commentator, radio personality, author, and former MTV VJ. She is a commentator on Fox News Channel, a primary guest host of Fox's Outnumbered and The Five, host of the podcast Kennedy Saves The World on Fox News Radio and a columnist for The Daily Mail. Kennedy was the host of MTV's now-defunct daily late-night alternative-rock program Alternative Nation throughout much of the 1990s. She hosted Kennedy on the Fox Business Network from 2015 to 2023.

Red Eye (talk show)
Red Eye (also known as  Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017) is an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show featured panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion.

The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015.

On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that Red Eye had been canceled. The show's final episode aired on April 7.
Parmouti 13
Parmouti 12 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 14

The thirteenth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 8, of the Julian calendar, and April 21, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Dariusz Wrzosek
Dariusz Wrzosek (born 1982) is a Polish slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1997 to 2008.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 team event at the 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg St.-Maurice alongside Bartłomiej Kruczek. He also won a silver and a bronze in the same event at the European Championships alongside Jarosław Miczek.

2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the record-tying third time. It was the 27th edition. Bourg St.-Maurice hosted the championships previously in 1969 and 1987, and matches the times hosted by Spittal, Austria (1963, 1965, 1977) and Meran, Italy (1953, 1971, 1983). Beginning at these championships, this event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years. The 2001 championships were scheduled to take place in Ducktown, Tennessee (East of Chattanooga) in September that year on the canoe slalom course used for the 1996 Summer Olympics in neighboring Atlanta, but were cancelled in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
Dazaifu Prefectural Natural Park
Dazaifu Prefectural Natural Park (太宰府県立自然公園, Dazaifu kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1950, the park spans the municipalities of Iizuka, Miyawaka, Ōnojō, Dazaifu, Chikushino, Hisayama, Umi, Sasaguri, and Sue.

Sue, Fukuoka
Sue (須恵町, Sue-machi) is a town located in Kasuya District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.As of 29 February 2024, the town had an estimated population of 29,248 in 12810 households, and a  population density of 1800 persons per km². The total area of the town is 16.31 km2 (6.30 sq mi)
Robert Johnston (American politician)
Robert Johnston (October 14, 1818 – November 6, 1885) was a politician serving in the Congress of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

Johnston was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He served in the antebellum Virginia state legislature and later represented his state in the Provisional Confederate Congress, the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress. He represented Virginia's 15th district, comprising the counties of Lewis, Wood, Pleasants, Tyler, Ritchie, Doddridge, Upshur, Randolph, Webster, Tucker, Barbour, Harrison, Taylor, Gilmer, and Calhoun, all of which are now part of West Virginia. By mid-1861 most of these counties were either under Union military occupation or had no county government, so voting was done by refugees or soldiers. He later served as a judge in Virginia from 1880 to 1885.

Johnston died of tuberculosis at Harrisonburg, Virginia, and was buried there in Woodbine Cemetery.

Doddridge County, West Virginia
Doddridge County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,808. Its county seat is West Union.

Doddridge County is part of the Clarksburg, West Virginia, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Tucows
Tucows Inc. is an American–Canadian publicly traded Internet services and telecommunications company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and incorporated in Pennsylvania, United States. The company is composed of three independent businesses: Tucows Domains, Ting Internet, and Wavelo.

Originally founded in 1993 as a shareware and freeware software download site, Tucows shuttered its downloads business in 2021.

In 2012, Tucows launched Ting Mobile, a wireless service provider and used the same brand to launch its fiber Internet provider business Ting Internet in 2015. In 2020, Tucows sold its wireless business to Dish Network, while they continued to operate Ting Internet. The billing platform Tucows built for Ting Mobile was spun off into an independent OSS/BSS SaaS business, Wavelo.

The company was formed in Flint, Michigan, United States, in 1993. The Tucows logo was two cow heads, a play on the homophone "two cows".

Homophone
A homophone (/ˈhɒməfoʊn, ˈhoʊmə-/) is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (/həˈmɒfənəs/).

Homophones that are spelled the same are both homographs and homonyms. For example, the word read, in "He is well read" and in "Yesterday, I read that book".

Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
Dottenwil Castle
Dottenwil Castle (German: Schloss Dottenwil) is a castle in the municipality of Wittenbach, St. Gallen. It is located on a drumlin 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of Wittenbach, next to the hamlet of Dottenwil.

Drumlin
A drumlin, from the Irish word droimnín ("little ridge"), first recorded in 1833, in the classical sense is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg formed by glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine. Assemblages of drumlins are referred to as fields or swarms; they can create a landscape which is often described as having a 'basket of eggs topography'.
Arman Mehaković
Arman Mehaković  (born 9 March 1988 in Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer currently under contract for Danish side Svebølle B&I. He previously represented HB Køge and Næstved BK.

Svebølle BI 2016
Svebølle Boldklub og Idrætsforening 2016, commonly known as Svebølle BI 2016 or SBI is a Danish association football club currently playing in the Series 1, the sixth tier of the Danish football league system and the second under the regional association, DBU Zealand. They play at Svebølle Stadion in Svebølle on Zealand, which has a capacity of 3,500.
Genau in diesem Ton
Genau in diesem Ton (English: Take that exact tone) is the fifth studio album by German pop-punk band Jennifer Rostock. It was released on 9 September 2016 by Four Music, following the expiration of their recording contract with Warner Music Group in 2014. The album became available for pre-order on all music digital distribution platforms on 8 July 2016. Alongside the pre-order, the album's lead single "Irgendwas ist immer" and a further track titled "Wir sind alle nicht von hier" were released. Since the announcement of the album, the band has further teased the new music through the release of promotional singles "Uns gehört die Nacht" and "Wir waren hier".

Recording contract
A recording contract (commonly called a record contract or record deal) is a legal agreement between a record label and a recording act (artist or group), where the act makes an audio recording (or series of recordings) for the label to sell and promote. Artists under contract are normally only allowed to record for that label exclusively; guest appearances on other artists' records will carry a notice "By courtesy of (the name of the label)", and that label in question may receive a percentage of sales through publishing.
Young Black Teenagers
Young Black Teenagers (YBT) was an American hip hop group from Long Island, New York that formed in 1989 and released two albums. Despite its name, none of the group's five members were teenagers and all of them were caucasian.

Its members were ATA, First Born, Tommy Never, Kamron, and DJ Skribble. YBT had the support of the prominent rap group Public Enemy, whose producer Hank Shocklee signed them as the first act of his label Sound of Urban Listeners (SOUL). They released their second album with MCA Records.

Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be a word that is used incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect.
National Party of Australia leadership elections
The leader of the National Party of Australia (formerly the Australian Country Party and National Country Party) is elected by majority vote of the federal parliamentary party. A deputy leader is elected in the same fashion. The party's longest-serving leader is Earle Page, who held the office from 1921 to 1939. The party's current leader is David Littleproud, who has held this office since 2022. It is historically rare for the incumbent leader and deputy leader to be opposed in a bid for re-election.

In every instance when an incumbent leader retires he is always succeeded by his deputy. With the exception of the election of Ian Sinclair in 1984, every one of these deputy leaders ascended to the leadership unopposed.

Tim Fischer
Timothy Andrew Fischer AC FTSE (3 May 1946 – 22 August 2019) was an Australian politician and diplomat who served as leader of the National Party from 1990 to 1999. He was Australia's tenth deputy prime minister, and the first in the Howard government, from 1996 to 1999.

Fischer was born in Lockhart, New South Wales. He served with the Australian Army in the Vietnam War. On his return he bought a farming property at Boree Creek. He served in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1971 to 1984. Fischer was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1984 election, representing the Division of Farrer until his retirement in 2001. He replaced Charles Blunt as leader of the National Party in 1990, and in the Howard government served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade. After leaving politics, Fischer served as chairman of Tourism Australia from 2004 to 2007, and was later Ambassador to the Holy See from 2009 to 2012.
Lambertsville, Pennsylvania
Lambertsville is an unincorporated community and coal town in Stonycreek Township within Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States.

The path of United Airlines Flight 93 flew directly over Lambertsville before crashing in a field southeast of the village on September 11, 2001. Witnesses to the low-flying plane in Lambertsville were the last to see it airborne and the first to place 911 calls after its crash. The Flight 93 National Memorial sits to the east of the village, though access to it is from U.S. Route 30 north of Lambertsville.

Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Stonycreek Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township takes its name from the stony creek, which flows through it and represents its western boundary. The stream takes its name from the rocky bed over which it flows for a great part of its course. Its Indian name was Sinne-Hanne or Achsin-Hanne. Hanne means a stream and especially a swift mountain stream. The population was 2,087 at the 2020 census.

Stonycreek Township garnered global attention during the September 11 attacks when United Airlines Flight 93, intended to strike the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., crashed into a field near downtown after civilian passengers on the flight from Newark, New Jersey to San Francisco International Airport rebelled against the flight's al-Qaeda terrorist hijackers.
Aurora, Waushara County, Wisconsin
Aurora is a town in Waushara County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 971 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Auroraville is located in the town, and the city of Berlin is adjacent to the town.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Slaves of Beauty
Slaves of Beauty is a 1927 American silent comedy drama film directed by John G. Blystone and starring Olive Tell, Holmes Herbert, Earle Foxe, Margaret Livingston, and future talent agent Sue Carol. The film was written by William M. Conselman from a story by Nina Wilcox Putnam entitled "The Grandflapper," edited by Margaret Clancey and photographed by L. William O'Connell, with intertitles by James Kevin McGuinness. The movie, released by the Fox Film Corporation, is a comedic send-up of the beauty salon industry with a running time of 60 minutes.

James Kevin McGuinness
James Kevin McGuinness (December 20, 1894 – December 4, 1950) was an American screenwriter and film producer. He provided testimony to the House Un-American Activities Committee which led to the Hollywood blacklist in 1947.
Paul Blanc
Paul Blanc (Ille-sur-Têt, 29 January 1937) was a member of the Senate of France since 1992, and re-elected in 2001, representing to 2011 the Pyrénées-Orientales department. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was also the mayor of Prades then of Sournia, in Pyrénées-Orientales.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.
Albert Brehme
Albert Brehme (19 June 1903 – 21 June 1971) was a German bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. He won two bronze medals at the FIBT World Championships (Two-man: 1933, Four-man: 1930). He was born in Berlin.

Brehme was seriously injured, along with teammates Fritz Grau and Helmut Hopnaann, shortly before the 1932 Winter Olympics. He also finished sixth in the two-man event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
2013 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup
The 2013 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup was the fourth edition of EAFF Women's East Asian Cup. There were three competition rounds. The final round was won by North Korea. In August 2012, Australia accepted an invitation to take part.

EAFF E-1 Football Championship (women)
EAFF E-1 Football Championship (to be rebranded as the EAFF W-Cup in the 2025 edition) is an international football competition in East Asia for national teams of the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF). The competition between women's national teams is held alongside men's competition.
Lože, Laško
Lože (pronounced [ˈloːʒɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills above the right bank of the Savinja River, east of Rimske Toplice. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Savinja
The Savinja (pronounced [saˈʋìːnja]) is a river in northeast Slovenia which flows mostly in the Upper and Lower Savinja Valley (Slovene: Zgornja in Spodnja Savinjska dolina) and through the cities of Celje and Laško. The Savinja is the main river of the Savinja Alps (Sln. Savinjske Alpe). It flows into the Sava River at the town of Zidani Most. It has often flooded, such as in the 1960s, 1990, and 1995. The Savinja has a length of 101.75 kilometres (63.22 mi) and a catchment area of 1,847.7 km2 (713.4 sq mi).
Ryan Seaman
Ryan Eric Seaman (born September 23, 1983) is an American musician, best known as the longest tenured drummer for the band Falling in Reverse. He also formerly served as drummer and backing vocalist of the rock duo I Dont Know How but They Found Me.

Lovers' Requiem
Lovers' Requiem is the debut album by the rock band I Am Ghost. It was released on October 10, 2006 by Epitaph Records, and is the band's first full-length album. It is a concept album of "a love story between angels and demons, heaven and hell, good and evil."
Emily Soldene
Emily Soldene (30 September 1838 – 8 April 1912) was an English singer, actress, director, theatre manager, novelist and journalist of the late Victorian era and the Edwardian period.  She was one of the most famous singers of comic opera in the late nineteenth century, as well as an important director of theatre companies and later a celebrated gossip columnist.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.