hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ester value
The ester value (EV) is an analytical parameter used in chemistry to determine the amount of ester present in fats and oils. It represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to saponify the ester content in 1 gram of a substance, and is equivalent to the difference of the saponification value and the acid value.

Saponification
Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is a long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol:

C2H5O2CCH3  +  NaOH   →    C2H5OH  +  NaO2CCH3
Lorenzo Fuller
Lorenzo Dow Fuller Jr. (March 22, 1919 – January 8, 2011) was an American singer, musician, actor, and musical director. He was an original cast member of Finian's Rainbow and Kiss Me, Kate, and in the radio show Van and the Genie was the first male African-American actor to star opposite a white woman. His television show Musical Miniatures was also the first to be fronted by a black performer.

Kiss Me, Kate
Kiss Me, Kate is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter and a book by Bella and Samuel Spewack. The story involves the production of a musical version of William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew and the conflict on and off-stage between Fred Graham, the show's director, producer, and star, and his leading lady, his ex-wife Lilli Vanessi. A secondary romance concerns Lois Lane, the actress playing Bianca, and her gambler boyfriend, Bill, who runs afoul of some gangsters. The original production starred Alfred Drake, Patricia Morison, Lisa Kirk and Harold Lang.

Kiss Me, Kate was Porter's response to Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! and other integrated musicals; it was the first show he wrote in which the music and lyrics were firmly connected to the script. The musical premiered in 1948 and proved to be Porter's only show to run for more than 1,000 performances on  Broadway. In 1949, it won the first Tony Award for Best Musical.
Godwin Aguda
Godwin Aguda Wanbe Listenⓘ(born December 30, 1997) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward, for Falkenbergs FF in the Swedish Superettan division following his stellar performance with Rivers United in the league and CAF Confederations Cup playoff.

Superettan
Superettan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsʉ̂ːpɛrˌɛtːan]; lit. 'the Super First (Division)') is an association football league and the second highest league in the league system of Swedish men's football. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Allsvenskan and Division 1. Seasons run from April to October, with teams playing 30 matches each, totalling 240 matches in the season.

The league was created in 2000. The second tier of Swedish football had previously consisted of a varying number of regionalized leagues operating under the Division 2 (1924–1986) and Division 1 (1987–1999) names.
Leody de Guzman 2022 presidential campaign
The 2022 presidential campaign of Leody de Guzman for president of the Philippines in the 2022 presidential election was announced on September 28, 2021. De Guzman is a unionist and labor rights activist who has served as the chairperson of the trade union federation Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino.

Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino
The Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino or Solidarity of Filipino Workers (BMP) is a socialist labor center of militant workers and trade unions in the Philippines.

Established on 2 September 1993 as the Bukluran ng Manggagawa para sa Pagbabago (Solidarity of Workers for Change), it was formed as a result of the great left divide in the Philippines, which also affected the Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), about 70 percent of KMU-NCR's membership left the organization to form BMP as a counterpose to its sectarian politics that failed to unite Filipino workers and advance the Philippine labor movement. It is currently an affiliate of PAGGAWA, a national labor coalition.
South Branch Little Dead Diamond River
The South Branch of the Little Dead Diamond River is a 4.3-mile-long (6.9 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Little Dead Diamond River, located in the Androscoggin River watershed of Maine and New Hampshire.

The river rises in the township of Dix's Grant on the eastern slopes of Crystal Mountain, a 7-mile-long (11 km) ridge. The river flows northeast into the Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant, then joins the Little Dead Diamond in the Dartmouth College Grant.

Dix's Grant, New Hampshire
Dix's Grant is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, the grant had a population of zero. In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Dix's Grant fell within the path of totality during the solar eclipse of April 8, 2024.
Zorba (computer)
The Zorba was a portable computer running the CP/M operating system manufactured in 1983 and 1984. It was originally manufactured by Telcon Industries, Inc., of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a company specialized in telecommunication equipment manufacturing.

The Zorba was one of the last CP/M computers on the market. By the time it was introduced, the Kaypro and Osborne machines already dominated that market.  The introduction of the Compaq Portable, compatible with the IBM PC and running MS-DOS, sealed the fate of the CP/M machines.

Compaq Portable
The Compaq Portable is an early portable computer which was one of the first IBM PC–compatible systems.  It was Compaq Computer Corporation's first product, to be followed by others in the Compaq Portable series and later Deskpro series.  It is not simply an 8088-CPU computer that runs a Microsoft DOS as a PC "work-alike", but contains a reverse-engineered BIOS and Compaq DOS compatible with IBM's PC DOS. The computer is also an early variation on the idea of an "all-in-one".

The Compaq Portable was announced in November 1982 and first shipped in March 1983. It became available two years after the similar, but CP/M-based, Osborne 1 and Kaypro II. Columbia Data Products' MPC 1600 "Multi Personal Computer", the first IBM PC compatible system, had come out in June 1982.
Orvakallu
Orvakallu is a village in Atchampet Mandal, Guntur District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region. Orvakallu Village is under Pedakurapadu (Assembly constituency), which in turn represents Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency) of Andhra Pradesh.

Local Language:Telugu

Population:1150 (According to 2014 Voters List)

Male & Female Ratio:1000:998

Famous Festivals: Gangamma Thalli Tirunalla (On Second Pournami Of Every Year),Christmas.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Bastian Kersaudy
Bastian Kersaudy (born 9 June 1994) is a French badminton player from the Chambly Oise club. He has won some international tournament includes, the 2014 Brazil International in the men's doubles event partnered with Gaetan Mittelheisser, the 2015 Slovenia International in the mixed doubles event partnered with Léa Palermo, and at the 2017 Estonian International tournament in the men's doubles event partnered with Julien Maio.

Kersaudy competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan. In 2018, he captured the men's doubles gold medal at the 2018 Mediterranean Games partnered with Thom Gicquel.

Brazil International
The Brazil International is the most important international open badminton tournament of Brazil. It has been held since the year 1984. Brazilian National Badminton Championships started in 1991. It is part of the BWF International Series.
Dyngjujökull
Dyngjujökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtiɲcʏˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, shield volcano glacier) is an outlet glacier of the Vatnajökull glacier in Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The glacier is in the Icelandic Highlands and is situated between Bárðarbunga, Holuhraun and Kverkfjöll. Meltwater from the glacier flows into Jökulsá á Fjöllum, the second longest river in Iceland.

Depressions discovered by scientists, on 6 September 2014, have prompted speculation that eruptions may be occurring below the surface of the glacier. This is associated with seismic activity at the Bárðarbunga caldera, a large volcanic structure located beneath the glacier.

Vatnajökull National Park
Vatnajökull National Park (Icelandic: Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður pronounced [ˈvahtnaˌjœːkʏlsˌθjouðˌkarðʏr̥] ⓘ) is one of three national parks in Iceland, and is the largest one. It encompasses all of Vatnajökull glacier and extensive surrounding areas. These include the national parks previously existing at Skaftafell in the southwest and Jökulsárgljúfur in the north.

The unique qualities of Vatnajökull National Park are primarily its great variety of landscape features, created by the combined forces of rivers, glacial ice, and volcanic and geothermal activity.

The park spans 14% of the country's area and is Europe's second largest national park in terms of area after Yugyd Va in the Ural Mountains of Russia. The glacier itself is the largest in Europe at 7,700 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi).

In 2019 the park was enlarged to the north.

On 5 July 2019 Vatnajökull National Park was inscribed as a World Heritage Site.
History of science and technology
The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history that examines the development of the understanding of the natural world (science) and humans' ability to manipulate it (technology) at different points in time. This academic discipline also examines the cultural, economic, and political context and impacts of scientific practices; it likewise may study the consequences of new technologies on existing scientific fields.

I. Bernard Cohen
I. Bernard Cohen (1 March 1914 – 20 June 2003) was an American historian of science. He taught at Harvard University for 60 years, 1942–2002, becoming the first chair of its Department of the History of Science when it was established in 1966. He mentored notable students including George Basalla, Lorraine Daston, Joan L. Richards and Allen G. Debus. He was the author of many books on the history of science and, in particular, on Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin, and Howard H. Aiken. He made a full English translation of Newton's Principia Mathematica and was the second chief editor of the history of science journal Isis.
A34 Road Bridge
The A34 Road Bridge is a modern road bridge carrying the Oxford ring road (A34 road) at Oxford, England, across the River Thames.  It crosses the Thames just upstream of Godstow Lock near Wolvercote on the reach to King's Lock. The bridge was built in 1961.

The bridge's formal name on the Ordnance Survey map is Thames Bridge, possibly to distinguish it from the Isis Bridge, the only other bridge carrying the Oxford ring road over the Thames.

An embankment either side of the bridge carries the A34 over the Thames floodplain. To the south the embankment links the bridge to a bridge carrying the A34 over the local road between Wytham and Wolvercote.  To the north the bridge is linked by the embankment to the Wolvercote Viaduct that carries the A34 across the Cherwell Valley Line railway, the Oxford Canal and the A40 road. Between 2008 and 2010 there was a major project to replace the viaduct with a new bridge. The bridge over the Thames was not replaced.

King's Lock
King's Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England. It is in open country about 1 km north of Godstow, to the north of Oxford, Oxfordshire, at grid reference SP478102, on the southern bank of the river. The lock was one of the last pound locks built on the Thames, built by the Thames Conservancy in 1928 to replace the former flash lock. It has the smallest fall of any lock on the river, 0.77 m (2 ft 6 in).

The lock is on the southern side of a large island. On the opposite side of the river is the start of the Wolvercote Mill Stream leading to Duke's Cut, which connects the Thames to the Oxford Canal. The Mill Stream rejoins the Thames below Godstow Lock. King's Weir is on the other side of the island below Duke's Cut. There is a small visitor information centre at the lock.
Carlos Avellán
Carlos Avellán (born 31 May 1982) is an Ecuadorian former professional tennis player.

A native of Guayaquil, Avellán made his debut for the Ecuador Davis Cup team in 2002 and broke through for his first ITF Futures title the following year. During his career he won four ITF Futures titles for singles and earned a career high ranking of 306. He made his last Davis Cup appearance in 2009, retiring with nine singles and six doubles wins.

Ecuador Davis Cup team
The Ecuador men's national tennis team represents Ecuador in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Ecuador Tennis Federation.

Ecuador currently compete in the Americas Zone of Group I.  Their best performance was in 1985, when they advanced to the quarterfinals in the World Group.
2018 Havering London Borough Council election
The 2018 Havering London Borough Council election was held on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Havering London Borough Council in Greater London. Elections were held for all 54 seats on the council. This was on the same day as other local elections.

Havering London Borough Council
Havering London Borough Council, also known as Havering Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Havering in Greater London, England. The council has been under no overall control since 2014; after the 2022 election, it was run by a coalition of the Havering Residents Association (HRA) and the Labour Party; since 2024, it has been run by a Havering Residents Association minority administration. The council is based at Havering Town Hall in Romford.
Igors Sokolovs
Igors Sokolovs (born 17 August 1974 in Riga) is a Latvian hammer thrower.

He competed at the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

His personal best throw is 80.14 metres, achieved in May 2009 in Riga, which so far is the 5th best result in 2009 season in the world.

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on 15 August (qualifying) and 17 (final) at the Beijing National Stadium. There were 33 competitors from 26 nations. The event was won by Primož Kozmus of Slovenia, the nation's first medal in the event.

The original silver and bronze medalists, Vadim Devyatovskiy and Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus, were disqualified in December 2008 for testing positive for abnormal levels of testosterone. The medals were awarded to Krisztián Pars of Hungary and Koji Murofushi of Japan respectively. Tsikhan announced that he and Devyatovskiy intended to appeal the IOC's decision. In June 2010 the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that the disqualified Belarusians should get their original medals back due to errors at the Chinese medical lab.
Peter Porsch
Peter Porsch (born 15 October 1944 in Vienna) is a German academic and politician. From 1990 till 2009 he was a member of the Parliament of Saxony for the far-left party Die Linke. He headed the parliamentary group of his party between 1994 and 2009.

Landtag of Saxony
The Landtag of Saxony (German: Sächsischer Landtag; Upper Sorbian: Sakski krajny sejm), also known in English as the Saxon State Parliament, is the legislature of the Free State of Saxony, one of Germany's sixteen states. It is responsible for legislation, control of the government, and electing some state officials. The Landtag has existed in various forms since 1831, but the current body was established during German reunification in 1990. The Landtag is directly elected and has a term of five years.
Jorge Gisbert
Jorge Gisbert Ortiga (born 1950) is a retired tennis player from Barcelona, Spain. His two older brothers, Juan and José María, competed for Spain in the Davis Cup, and the former was a Grand Slam singles finalist.

As a junior player, his most remarkable result came at the 1968 Orange Bowl. He defeated Carlos Kirmayr and Jorge Andrew before losing to Fred Hemmes Sr. in the third round.

In 1969, he entered the main draw of the Barcelona Open, which was part of the 1969 ITF Men's Tennis tour, and lost in the first round to eventual champion Manuel Orantes. He failed to make it through qualifiers in subsequent editions of the tournament.

Jorge Andrew
Jorge Andrew (born 2 November 1951) is a former professional tennis player from Venezuela. Most of his tennis success was in doubles. During his career, he finished runner-up at three doubles events. Andrew was a member of the Venezuelan Davis Cup team from 1967 to 1984, posting a 6–25 record in singles and a 7–10 record in doubles.
VI Corps (United Kingdom)
VI Corps was an army corps of the British Army in the First World War. It was first organised in June 1915 and fought throughout on the Western Front. It was briefly reformed during the Second World War to command forces based in Northern Ireland, but was reorganized as British Forces in Ireland (subsequently British Forces in Northern Ireland) one month later.

15th (Scottish) Infantry Division
The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that served during the Second World War. It was raised on 2 September 1939, the day before war was declared, as part of the Territorial Army (TA) and served in the United Kingdom and later North-West Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.
Deep backward stochastic differential equation method
Deep backward stochastic differential equation method is a numerical method that combines deep learning with Backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). This method is particularly useful for solving high-dimensional problems in financial derivatives pricing and risk management. By leveraging the powerful function approximation capabilities of deep neural networks, deep BSDE addresses the computational challenges faced by traditional numerical methods in high-dimensional settings.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
1920 Memorial Cup
The 1920 Memorial Cup final was the second junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers of the Ontario Hockey Association competed against the Abbott Cup champions Selkirk Fishermen of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. In a two-game, total goal series, held at the Arena Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Toronto won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Selkirk 15–5.

Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; French: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction included senior ice hockey leagues and the Allan Cup, junior ice hockey leagues and the Memorial Cup, amateur minor ice hockey leagues in Canada, and choosing the representative of the Canada men's national ice hockey team.
1996 Sudanese general election
General elections were held in Sudan to elect a President and National Assembly between 2 and 17 March 1996. They were the first elections since 1986 due to a military coup in 1989, and the first simultaneous elections for the presidency and National Assembly. 125 members of the 400-seat National Assembly had been nominated before the election, leaving 275 seats to be elected (of which 51 were ultimately uncontested). 900 candidates ran for the 275 seats. There were no political parties at the time, and all candidates ran as independents.

In the presidential election, 40 candidates ran against incumbent Omar al-Bashir, who emerged victorious with 76% of the vote.  Opposition groups boycotted the elections, claiming they were unfair. Because of the civil war, no voting took place in 11 Southern districts.

Voter turnout was reported to be 72%.

National Assembly of Sudan
The National Assembly (Arabic: الجمعية الوطنية السودانية, Al-Maǧlis al-Waṭaniy) was the lower house of the National Legislature of Sudan. The legislature was unicameral until 2005. The upper house was the Council of States (Majlis Welayat).

The National Assembly was dissolved on 11 April 2019 following a military coup which overthrew Sudan President Omar al-Bashir and Assembly's ruling National Congress Party.

As part of the Sudanese transition to democracy, a Transitional Legislative Council was to be formed which would function as the legislature of Sudan until elections scheduled for 2022.  As of 2025, the Transitional Legislative Council has failed to be formed; rather, the members of the Transitional Sovereignty Council and Cabinet of Sudan constitute a Transitional Legislative Authority acting as Sudan's interim legislature.
Yeshivas Ner Yisroel of Toronto
Yeshivas Ner Yisroel of Toronto (Ner Israel Yeshiva College) (Hebrew: נר ישראל) is a Haredi yeshiva (Jewish educational institution) in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada with government recognition of its degree-granting programs. The yeshiva includes both a Beis Midrash program and a high school.

Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".
Bharta Pundyadevi
Bharta Pundyadevi is a village development committee in the Kailash Rural Municipality of Makwanpur District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3719.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.