hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palm Spring, San Diego County, California
Palm Spring is a spring in Mesquite Oasis, a desert oasis amidst a mesquite thicket and a few palms, close to Carrizo Creek, within Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in San Diego County, California.

Palm Spring, first used by the local Native Americans and those traveling to and from the Colorado River, was subsequently used by Spanish and later Mexican traders and American fur trappers and soldiers.  It was a popular camping spot on the Southern Emigrant Trail during the California Gold Rush. It became a water stop for the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line in 1857 and Palm Spring Station became a relay stage station for Butterfield Overland Mail from 1858 to 1861. It remained a watering place for later travelers to Arizona and for the stage lines that ran to Yuma, Arizona, from 1867 to 1877.

The site is a California Historical Landmark. A historical marker was placed here by California State Park Commission working with the Fremont-Kearny Historicans of Old San Diego in 1958.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
WH Smith Literary Award
The WH Smith Literary Award was an award founded in 1959 by British high street retailer WH Smith to "encourage and bring international esteem to authors of the British Commonwealth". Originally open to all residents of the UK, the Commonwealth and Ireland, it later admitted foreign works in translation and works by US authors. The final three winners were Americans (Philip Roth, Donna Tartt and Richard Powers), and 2005 was the award's final year.

The WH Smith Illustration Award ran from 1987 to 1994.

The WH Smith Mind-Boggling Book Award for children's literature ran from 1993 to 1996.

WH Smith sponsors the National Book Awards Children's Book of the Year (the "British Children's Book Award" through 2009).

Richard Powers
Richard Powers (born June 18, 1957) is an American novelist whose works explore the effects of modern science and technology. His novel The Echo Maker won the 2006 National Book Award for Fiction. He has also won many other awards over the course of his career, including a MacArthur Fellowship. As of 2024, Powers has published fourteen novels and has taught at the University of Illinois and Stanford University. He won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Overstory.
Egil Kjølner
Egil Kjølner (8 January 1920 – 25 February 2010) was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

He was born in Fredrikstad, but moved to Bærum in 1927. He was a member of Bærum municipal council for twenty years and Akershus county council for eight years. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the terms 1969–1973 and 1973–1977.

He was a secondary school headmaster from 1969 to 1980, and was also active in the Salvation Army. He was decorated with the Order of the Founder as well as the HM The King's Medal of Merit. Not long before his death he was said to be the only living Norwegian with the Order of the Founder. He died in February 2010.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Devin Brooks
Devin Brooks (born August 27, 1992) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for Byblos Club of the Lebanese Basketball League.

Brooks signed with Athletes Untapped as a private basketball coach on July 8, 2024.

Lebanese Basketball League
The Lebanese Basketball League, officially Decathlon Lebanese Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, is recognized as the top-tier professional men's basketball league in Lebanon. It is organized annually as a national championship with playoffs and a national cup by the Lebanese Basketball Federation (FLB).

Currently, the league consists of 12 teams, of which six are located in Beirut. The most successful club in the history of the league is Al Riyadi Club Beirut.
Rimma Utyasheva
Rimma Amirovna Utyasheva (Russian: Римма Амировна Утяшева; born 3 January 1952, Sabayevo, Buzdyaksky District) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

In 1999, Utyashev was granted a Candidate of Sciences in Medicine degree. In 1975 she started working as obstetrician-gynecologist in Ufa. From 1978 to 1988, she was the department head at the clinical maternity hospital №4. From 1988 to 2008, she was the deputy head physician. In 2013, Utyasheva became Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1 of the Bashkir State Medical University. From 2008 to 2021, she was the deputy of the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the 4th, 5th, and 6th convocations. Since September 2021, she has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan
The State Assembly — Kurultai of the Republic of Bashkortostan is the regional parliament of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of Russia.  Its members are elected for five years.

The chairman is Konstantin Tolkachyov since March 1999.
Symphony No. 16 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 16 in C major, K. 128, was the first of three symphonies composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in May 1772 when Mozart was sixteen years old. This symphony is one of many written during the period in which Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Berlin State Library.

Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library (German: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

Founded in 1661, it is among the largest libraries in Europe, and one of the most important academic research libraries in the German-speaking world. It collects texts, media and cultural works from all fields across many languages, from all time periods and all countries of the world, and offers them for academic and research purposes.

Prominent items in its collection include the oldest biblical illustrations in the fifth-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, a Gutenberg Bible, the main autograph collection of Goethe, the world's largest collection of Johann Sebastian Bach's and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's manuscripts, and the original score of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony № 9.
Ahmad Yunus Hairi
Ahmad Yunus bin Hairi (born 20 March 1965) is a Malaysian politician and doctor who has served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Kuala Langat since November 2022 and a Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sijangkang since March 2008. He served as a Member of the Selangor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Menteris Besar Khalid Ibrahim and Azmin Ali from February 2012 to May 2018. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He also served as the 15th State Commissioner of PAS of Selangor from 2019 to October 2023.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR; English: People's Alliance) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
Nikolay Baranov (1837)
Nikolay Mikhailovich Baranov (Russian: Никола́й Миха́йлович Бара́нов; August 6, 1837 – August 12, 1901) was a lieutenant general, Mayor of Saint Petersburg (from March 21 to August 24, 1881), Nizhny Novgorod Military Governor (from July 31, 1882, to May 16, 1897), and a senator. He was also inventor of the Baranov Rifle, Model 1869.

Governing Senate
From 1711 to 1917, the Governing Senate was the highest legislative, judicial, and executive body subordinate to the Russian emperors. The senate was instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very end of the Russian Empire. It was chaired by the Procurator General, who served as the link between the sovereign and the Senate; he acted, in the emperor's own words, as "the sovereign's eye".
Manu Rishi
Manu Rishi Chadha (born 3 January 1971) is an Indian actor, lyricist, script and dialogue writer who works in Hindi films. Rishi is trained under theatre director Arvind Gaur for six years. He won the Filmfare Best Dialogue Award in 2009 for Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! He also won the IIFA Best Dialogue Award for Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!.

International Indian Film Academy Awards
The International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA Awards) is an annual awards ceremony for Hindi cinema. Produced by Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd, the winners of the awards are decided by fans, who vote online for their favourite actors from the Indian Hindi film industry. Instituted in 2000, the ceremony is held in different countries around the world every year.

The IIFA Utsavam is the South Indian segment of the annual IIFA Awards. The awards were introduced in 2016, around the films released in 2015. The 1st IIFA Utsavam was held on 24 and 25 January 2016 at the Gachibowli Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad, India.
Reincarnation (band)
The Reincarnation Orchestra (Armenian: Ռեինկարնացիա) is an Armenian reggae band from Yerevan, initiated by vocalist Roland Gasparyan in 2000.

Over the years the band has gone through several musicians, which influenced the style by experimenting with the essentials of Armenian folk music by reinterpreting melodies from many famous artists such as Sayat-Nova and adding big influences of ska & reggae to the mix.

Armenian folk music
Armenian folk music is a genre of Armenian music. It usually uses the duduk, the kemenche, and the oud.  It is very similar to folk music in the Caucasus and shares many similar songs and traditions with countries around Armenia, namely Georgia and Azerbaijan.
Yeo Min-jeong
Yeo Min-jeong (Korean: 여민정; born May 13, 1975) is a South Korean voice actress. She joined the On-Media Voice Acting Division's voice acting division in 2000. She was known for voice acting Gaeun Lee from Tooniverse's The Haunted House animated series.

Elsword
Elsword (Korean: 엘소드) is a free-to-play, 2.5D action MMORPG developed by the South Korean company KOG Studios. It features real-time action gameplay and includes both player vs. environment and player vs. player modes. There are fifteen playable characters within the game, each with unique backstories and distinct abilities. While playing the game is free, some items and costumes can be purchased through an in-game "Item Mall" using real currency. The game was originally made with the intention of being the spiritual successor to Grand Chase by upgrading the graphics from 2D to 2.5D.
Calvagese della Riviera
Calvagese della Riviera (Lombard: Calvages, Brescian: Calvazés) is one of the 206 municipalities of the Province of Brescia, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. It is some 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Lake Garda. Its population of 3,522 is divided between the centres of Calvagese itself, Carzago, and Mocasina. Other localities include Belvedere, Ponte Clisi (where there is a bridge across the river Chiese), and Terzago.

The communes which border on Calvagese della Riviera are Polpenazze del Garda, Prevalle, Bedizzole, Padenghe sul Garda, Lonato, Soiano del Lago, and Muscoline.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
S. Subramanian
Dr. S. Subramainian was a Police chief in India who served as the founder Director of the elite Special Protection Group, among other responsibilities and has the rare distinction of having headed three central police organisations in India.

He is an Indian Police Service Officer of the 1958 Batch, of the Andhra Pradesh Cadre. Apart from senior positions at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad, Central Bureau of Investigation and the Intelligence Bureau, he served as the Director General of the National Security Guard, the Director General Central Reserve Police Force(CRPF) and also as the first Director of the Special Protection Group when it was formed in 1985.

He was awarded Padmashri in 1986.

National Security Guard
The National Security Guard (NSG) is a central armed police force in India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is the primary quick-reaction counterterrorism force of the Government of India. It was founded on 16 October 1984, following Operation Blue Star, to combat terrorist activities and protect states against internal disturbances.

The formation of the NSG was formalised in the Parliament of India under the National Security Guard Act, 1986. Aspirants who want to join the NSG are recruited from both the Central Armed Police Forces and Indian Army.
Thomas O. Streissguth
Thomas O. Streissguth (February 27, 1889 – December 21, 1950) was an American lawyer and jurist.

Born in Arlington, Minnesota, Streissguth received his law degree from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1914. He practiced law in Redwood Falls, Minnesota in 1914  and 1915 and Gaylord, Minnesota from 1915 to 1923. In 1923, he moved to New Ulm, Minnesota where he lived for the rest of his life. Streissguth served as district attorney for Brown County, Minnesota from 1924 to 1942. Streissguth then served on the Minnesota Supreme Court briefly for three months in 1942 and again for one year in 1944. Streissguth died of a heart attack in New Ulm, Minnesota.

Brown County, Minnesota
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,912. Its county seat is New Ulm. The county was formed in 1855 and organized in 1856.

Brown County comprises the New Ulm, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Mankato-New Ulm-North Mankato, MN Combined Statistical Area.
Przyłęk Duży
Przyłęk Duży [ˈpʂɨwɛŋk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Rogów, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Brzeziny, and 32 km (20 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny, Brzeziny County
Brzeziny ([bʐɛˈʑinɨ]; Yiddish: ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km (12 mi) east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It is situated on the Mrożyca River within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Syrna (island)
Syrna (Greek: Σύρνα; anciently, Syrnos (Ancient Greek: Σύρνος) or Sirna or Agios Ioannis, is a small island about 4 km2 in area to the south-east of Astypalaia in the Dodecanese group of Greek islands, situated to the south-east of the country. It is mostly covered with juniper and garrigue scrub. The few inhabitants raise livestock, catch fish and practice arable agriculture. The island is important for migrant and breeding seabirds and raptors, including Cory's shearwater, yelkouan shearwater and Eleonora's falcon.

Eleonora's falcon
Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) is a medium-sized falcon. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus Falco. The sooty falcon is sometimes considered its closest relative, but while they certainly belong to the same lineage, they do not seem to be close sister species. The English name and the species name eleonorae commemorate Eleanor of Arborea, Queen or Lady-Judge (Juighissa) and national heroine of Sardinia, who in 1392, under the jurisdiction conferred by the Carta de Logu, became the first ruler in history to grant protection to hawk and falcon nests against illegal hunters. The genus name Falco is from Late Latin falx, falcis, a sickle, referring to the claws of the bird.
Knut Midgaard
Knut Midgaard (born 1931) is a Norwegian political scientist.

Born in Oslo, he first studied the history of ideas. In 1958 he was among the proponents of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, and in 1959 he graduated with the mag.art. degree. He was briefly lecturer at the University of Oslo before getting a NAVF scholarship as a research fellow at the Nansen Institute and Harvard University.

Midgaard was later research fellow in the history of ideas at the University of Oslo from 1962, then associate professor in political science from 1968. He advanced to docent in 1971 and professor in 1975, studying game theory, international politics and political theory among others. He chaired the committee that produced the Norwegian Official Report 1985:17.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1993 and the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 2009, and a Festschrift was issued to him in 1992.

Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (Norwegian: Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt; NUPI) is a Norwegian research institution based in Oslo, Norway. It was established by the Norwegian parliament in 1959.
Capex Corporation
Capex Corporation was an American computer software company in existence from 1969 through 1982 and based in Phoenix, Arizona. It made a variety of software products, mostly system utilities for the IBM mainframe platform, and was known for its Optimizer add-on to the IBM COBOL compiler. Capex was acquired by Computer Associates in 1982.

IBM mainframe
IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952. During the 1960s and 1970s, IBM dominated the computer market with the 7000 series and the later System/360, followed by the System/370. Current mainframe computers in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the System/360.
Ronald Ross (shinty player)
Ronald Ross, MBE (born 1975) is a retired Scottish shinty player who played for Kingussie Camanachd, who he currently manages. He played as a forward.  He is the only player to have ever scored more than 1000 goals in the sport and who has broken several other records as an individual and as part of Kingussie's record-breaking first team.

The media has awarded him the nickname "Ronaldo of the Glens" in tribute to his scoring prowess, drawing comparisons with the famous Portuguese footballer.

Fort William Shinty Club
Fort William Shinty Club is a shinty club from Fort William, Lochaber, Scotland.  The club has two sides in the Shinty league system, a first team which played in the Premiership and a reserve side in North Division One.  The first team were Camanachd Cup holders four times in succession, between 2007 and 2010, but were knocked out in the second round in 2011.  The club also has a vibrant youth system.

The club's traditional home is in the heart of the town at An Aird which is an area often under threat from development. However, for much of 2011 and 2012 An Aird was being renovated and the club were tenants at the Black Parks in Inverlochy.
Albert Plummer
Albert Plummer (August 9, 1840 – March 20, 1912) was an American physician and legislator.

Born in Auburn, New Hampshire, Plummer graduated from Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire, and received his medical degree from Bowdoin College. He served in the 10th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War as a surgeon. In 1867, Plummer moved to Hamilton, Minnesota where he practiced medicine. In 1883–1884, he served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. He died in Rochester, Minnesota. He was the father of Dr. Henry Stanley Plummer, an early partner of the Mayo brothers and one of the founders of the Mayo Clinic.

Meriden, New Hampshire
Meriden is an unincorporated community in the eastern part of the town of Plainfield in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. It is the location of Kimball Union Academy, a private boarding school. New Hampshire Route 120 passes through the village, leading north to Lebanon and south to Claremont.

Meriden has a separate ZIP code (03770) from the rest of Plainfield.
Markéta Štusková
Markéta Zeitler Štusková (born 9 April 1974) is a Czech former professional tennis player.

Štusková, who comes from Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, made her only WTA Tour main-draw appearance in 1992, playing doubles at the Prague Open with Petra Holubová.

During her career she won four ITF doubles titles, including $25,000 tournaments in Vall d'Hebron and Sopot.

Now living in Austria, Štusková is the mother of amateur golfer Lea Zeitler, who represented Austria at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.

Vall d'Hebron
Vall d'Hebron is a neighbourhood in the Horta-Guinardó district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Four venues in the area hosted competitions for the 1992 Summer Olympics.

The Barcelona Metro line L3 stations of Vall d'Hebron, Montbau and Mundet are all situated on the northern boundary of the neighbourhood, under the Ronda de Dalt. Vall d'Hebron station is also served by line L5.

Despite its name, the Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron is not in the neighbourhood of la Vall d'Hebron, but rather in the neighbourhood of Montbau, on the other side of Ronda de Dalt. The hospital is a health campus that brings together four specialties: the university hospital, the research institute, the oncology institute and finally the Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia.