hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steel Cotton Rail Trail
The Steel Cotton Rail Trail is a linear 95 km (59 mi) long-distance footpath in England, through the Peak District. The trail runs from Sheffield station to Manchester Piccadilly station, following the Hope Valley Line. It is split into 14 legs, each starting and finishing at a railway station. In the first half of the 20th century, workers from "Steel City" Sheffield and "Cottonopolis" Manchester escaped their polluted cities to reach the clean air of the Peak District, travelling by train on the Hope Valley Line.

The trail was launched on 27 September 2025, the anniversary of the opening of the first passenger railway – Stockton and Darlington – on 27 September 1825.

Cottonopolis
Cottonopolis was a 19th-century nickname for Manchester, as it was a metropolis and the centre of the cotton industry.

The Manchester warehouse which we lately visited, was a building fit for the Town Hall of any respectable municipality; a stately, spacious, and tasteful edifice; rich and substantial as its respectable proprietors, the well-known firm of Banneret and Co. There are nearly a hundred such buildings in Manchester; –not so large, perhaps, for this is the largest; but all in their degree worthy of Cottonopolis.
Treaty of The Hague (1818)
The Treaty of The Hague (1818) was between Great Britain and the Netherlands, and it set out to establish measures by which their respective subjects would be prevented from carrying out the slave trade.: 381  The treaty was signed by the Earl of Clancarty, de Nagell and Cornelis Felix van Maanen.: 391

Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty
Richard Le Poer Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty, 1st Marquess of Heusden GCB GCH PC (19 May 1767 – 24 November 1837), styled The Honourable from 1797 to 1803 and then Viscount Dunlo to 1805, was an Anglo-Irish peer, a nobleman in the Dutch nobility, and a diplomat. He was an Irish, and later British, Member of Parliament and a supporter of Pitt. Additionally he was appointed Postmaster General of Ireland, and later, of the United Kingdom.
Naa Manasistha Raa
Naa Manasistha Raa (transl. Come, I will give you my heart) is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language romantic thriller film directed by R. R. Shinde. It stars Srikanth, Soundarya, and Richa. The film is a remake of the Tamil film Parthen Rasithen (2000).

The film released on 18 July 2001 and was a semi-hit at the box office.

Soundarya
Sowmya Sathyanarayana (18 July 1972 – 17 April 2004), better known by her stage name Soundarya, was an Indian actress known for her works primarily in Telugu cinema. She was regarded as one of the greatest actresses in the history of Telugu cinema. She also acted in a few Kannada, Tamil, Hindi and Malayalam films. She has received three Nandi Awards, three Karnataka State Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards South. In 2002, she received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film as a producer for the Kannada film Dweepa.

Soundarya established herself as the most popular Telugu actress of the 1990s and is best known for her performances in films such as Ammoru (1995), Pavitra Bandham (1996), Anthahpuram (1998), Raja (1999), Doni Saagali (1998), Dweepa (2002) and Apthamitra (2004). She won three Nandi Awards for Pavitra Bandham and Special Jury Prize for Ammoru and Anthahpuram. On 17 April 2004, she died in a plane crash in Bengaluru at the age of 31.
Buchanania arborescens
Buchanania arborescens, commonly known as the little gooseberry tree or sparrow's mango, is a small and slender tree native to seasonal tropical forests of northern Australia, Southeast Asia, and the Solomon Islands.

The leaves are spirally arranged, smooth, leathery, elongated oblong, 5–26 cm long. The flowers are very small cream to yellowish white. The edible fruit are globular, small (1 cm long), reddish to purple-black.
Torresian imperial pigeons and other birds eat these.

The species was formally described in 1826 by botanist Carl Ludwig Blume based on plant specimens collected from Java. Initially naming it Coniogeton arborescens, Blume transferred the species to the genus Buchanania in  1850.

In Australia the species occurs naturally across the northern extremities of the continent from Western Australia and across the Northern Territory to Queensland where it extends down the east coast as far south as Hinchinbrook Island.

Torresian imperial pigeon
The Torresian imperial pigeon (Ducula spilorrhoa), also known as the nutmeg pigeon, white nutmeg pigeon, Australian pied imperial pigeon or Torres Strait pigeon (Meriam Mir: deumer), is a relatively large, pied species of pigeon. It is found in forest, woodland, savanna, mangrove and scrub in Australia (north-east Western Australia, north Northern Territory and north Queensland, including the Torres Strait Islands), New Guinea, Aru Islands, islands in the Geelvink Bay, D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Louisiade Archipelago.

It has been recorded as a vagrant in New South Wales, Australia. As far as known, most populations are resident or only take part in minor local movements. The population in Queensland leaves for New Guinea in February–April and returns in July–August.
Pozzaglia Sabina
Pozzaglia Sabina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Rieti.

Among the landmarks in the town is the church of San Nicola di Bari and the Romanesque church of Santo Stefano Protomartire.

Province of Rieti
The province of Rieti (Italian: provincia di Rieti) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rieti. Established in 1927, it has an area of 2,750.52 square kilometres (1,061.98 sq mi) with a total population of 157,887 people as of 2017. There are 73 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province.
Y. M. Rizer House
The Y. M. Rizer House, also known as Mapleshade, is an Italianate and Second Empire style house dating from c.1874 in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

According to a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources, it is one of a handful of notable, historic Italianate style residences in the county, others being the James Wilhoite House, the John Hunter House, the Owen-Cox House, the Andrew C. Vaughn House, the Henry Pointer House, the Jordan-Williams House, and the Thomas Critz House.

When listed the property included one contributing building and one non-contributing structure on an area of 2.2 acres (0.89 ha).

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
Regina metro station
The Regina Station (Spanish: Estación Regina) is a station on Line 2 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located along Alfonso Reyes Avenue where it is intersected by Juan Sánchez Azcona street.

This station is three blocks away from the Monumental Monterrey (Monterrey's main Bullfighting ring) and across the street from the Coca-Cola bottler.  Its logo represents the architecture of the station's entrance, and it is accessible for people with disabilities.

This station was inaugurated on October 31, 2007.  It was part of the first stage of the Line 2 expansion (along with Niños Heroes Station and Universidad), being the only underground station of the Line 2 extension project.

Alfonso Reyes
Alfonso Reyes Ochoa (17 May 1889 – 27 December 1959) was a Mexican writer, philosopher and diplomat. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times and has been acclaimed as one of the greatest authors in the Spanish language. He served as ambassador of Mexico to Argentina and Brazil.
2022 Ladies Open Lausanne – Doubles
Olga Danilović and Kristina Mladenovic won the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Ladies Open Lausanne after Ulrikke Eikeri and Tamara Zidanšek withdrew from the final.

Susan Bandecchi and Simona Waltert were the defending champions, but were defeated in the first round by Alicia Barnett and Olivia Nicholls.

Ulrikke Eikeri
Ulrikke Pia Eikeri (born 16 December 1992) is a Norwegian professional tennis player.
On 22 April 2024, she peaked at No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings. She also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 206, achieved on 16 April 2018.

Eikeri has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and two doubles titles on WTA Challenger Tour, along with eleven singles titles and 32 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2022 French Open, alongside Joran Vliegen.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Eikeri had been ranked as high as No. 16 in the world.

Playing for the Norway Billie Jean King Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 36–28, as of June 2024.
Maireana ciliata
Maireana ciliata, commonly known as fissure weed or hairy bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a low-lying to erect perennial with woolly branches, narrowly oblong leaves, bisexual, densely hairy flowers arranged singly, and a hairy, lens-shaped, winged fruiting perianth.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
Grimacco
Grimacco (Slovene: Garmak; Friulian: Grimac) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Udine, on the border with Slovenia, and borders the following municipalities: Drenchia, Kanal ob Soči (Slovenia), Kobarid (Slovenia), San Leonardo, Savogna, Stregna.

Grimacco localities include Brida superiore (Gorenje Bardo), Brida inferiore (Dolenje Bardo), Canalaz (Kanalac), Clodig (Hlodič), Costne (Hostne), Dolina (Dolina), Grimacco Inferiore (Dolenji Garmak), Grimacco Superiore (Gorenji Garmak), Liessa (Liesa), Lombai (Lombaj), Plataz (Platac), Podlach (Podlak), Seuza (Selce), Slapovicco (Slapovik), Sverinaz (Zverinac), Topolò (Topolove), Ville di Mezzo. The municipal hall is located in Clodig.

As of 2015, it had a population of 342 and an area of 16.4 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

Kanal, Kanal
Kanal (pronounced [kaˈnaːl] or [kaˈnaːu̯]; Italian: Canale, German: Kanalburg), frequently referred to as Kanal ob Soči ("Kanal on the Soča"; pronounced [kaˈnaːl ɔp ˈsoːtʃi] or [kaˈnaːu̯ ɔp ˈsoːtʃi]; Italian: Canale d'Isonzo), is a settlement mostly on the left bank of the Soča River in the Slovene Littoral, the traditional region in southwestern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kanal ob Soči. It is an important crossing point over the Soča. At its eastern border, on the left bank of the Soča, runs the Bohinj Railway, the railway track linking the Central Europe and the Mediterranean.
Cough reflex
The cough reflex occurs when stimulation of cough receptors in the respiratory tract by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which causes rapidly moving air which usually remove the foreign material before it reaches the lungs. This typically clears particles from the bronchi and trachea, the tubes that feed air to lung tissue from the nose and mouth. The larynx (voice box) and carina (at the bottom of the trachea, as it splits into bronchi) are especially sensitive. Cough receptors in the surface cells (epithelium) of the respiratory tract are also sensitive to chemicals. Terminal bronchioles and even the alveoli are sensitive to chemicals such as sulfur dioxide gas or chlorine gas.

Glottis
The glottis (pl.: glottises or glottides) is the middle region of the larynx, where the vocal folds are located. Within this region is the opening between the vocal folds (the rima glottidis). The glottis is crucial in producing sound  from the vocal folds.
Jang Seong-man
Jang Seong-man (Korean: 장성만, 2 November 1932 – 6 December 2015) was a South Korean pastor, educator, and politician. He served as a Member of the National Assembly for the North District of Busan from 1981 to 1988; he also served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly from 1987 to 1988.

In addition to his career in politics, Jang established various universities such as Busan Digital University and Dongseo University; he served as the chairman of the latter from 2001 to 2008.

Buk District, Busan
Buk District (Korean: 북구; RR: Buk-gu; lit. North District) is a gu (district) in north-central Busan, South Korea. The district is 39.37 square kilometers with a population of 275,773 as of 2023. It was established as a gu in 1978.
Dergachi, Russia
Dergachi (Russian: Дергачи) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Dergachi, Saratov Oblast, a work settlement in Dergachyovsky District of Saratov Oblast

Rural localities

Dergachi, Kirov Oblast, a village in Russko-Tureksky Rural Okrug of Urzhumsky District of Kirov Oblast

Dergachi, Samara Oblast, a selo in Krasnoarmeysky District of Samara Oblast

Dergachi, Tver Oblast, a village in Ploskoshskoye Rural Settlement of Toropetsky District of Tver Oblast

Krasnoarmeysky District, Samara Oblast
Krasnoarmeysky District (Russian: Красноарме́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,190 square kilometers (850 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoarmeyskoye. Population: 18,050 (2010 Census);  19,211 (2002 Census); 17,516 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnoarmeyskoye accounts for 29.6% of the district's total population.
2025 WNBA draft
The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)'s draft for the 2025 season was held following the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. It marked the first draft for the newest expansion team for the league, the Golden State Valkyries. The draft took place at The Shed in Manhattan and was televised on ESPN in the United States and on TSN1/3/4/5/SN360/SNP in Canada.

There were only 12 picks in the first round, as the Las Vegas Aces' pick was stripped for violating league rules regarding impermissible player benefits and workplace policies.

USC Trojans women's basketball
The USC Trojans women's basketball team, or the Women of Troy, is the collegiate women's basketball team that represents the University of Southern California, in the Big Ten Conference. The team rose to prominence in 1976, at which time scholarships became available to female basketball players. They were the first Division I team to give these scholarships.
FC Metalurgi Zestafoni
FC Metalurgi Zestaponi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი ზესტაფონის მეტალურგი) is a defunct Georgian association football club from Zestaponi. They spent five seasons in the first and second divisions of Georgian Football.

Zestaponi
Zestaponi (Georgian: ზესტაფონი, romanized: zest'aponi, Georgian pronunciation: [zestʼapʰoni]) is the administrative center of Zestaponi District in Western Georgia. Zestaponi is the center of an ancient, historical part of Georgia – Margveti, which is a  part of Imereti province. Zestaponi is the center of Margveti's Eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church.  Zestaponi is situated in the furthest east of the Colchis Plateau, and is built on both banks of the Qvirila River.

It is an important industrial center, with a large ferro-alloy plant processing manganese ore from nearby Chiatura. Zestaponi is in the Kolkheti lowlands, a semi-tropical region with relatively cold winters averaging −4 °C (25 °F) in January and hot summers averaging 24 °C (75 °F) in August. The surrounding countryside is a wine-growing region.
Eugenio Garin
Eugenio Garin (May 9, 1909 – December 29, 2004) was an Italian philosopher and Renaissance historian. He was recognised as an authority on the cultural history of the Renaissance. Born at Rieti, Garin studied philosophy at the University of Florence, graduating in 1929, and after a period as professor of philosophy at the liceo scientifico Stanislao Cannizzaro in Palermo and the University of Cagliari, Garin began teaching at his alma mater in 1949 until 1974,  then moving to the Scuola Normale di Pisa until his retirement in 1984. The Graduate School of Historical Studies at San Marino was inaugurated with a public lecture by Eugenio Garin on 30 September 1989. Garin was an elected member of both the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also was the editor of the journals Rinascimento and Giornale Critico della Filosofia Italiana.

University of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze) (UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has around 50,000 students enrolled.
Sklar
Sklar or Sklyar is a Ukrainian and Belarusian surname meaning "glassmaker". Notable people with the surname include:

Abe Sklar (1925–2020), American mathematician

Dusty Sklar (born 1928), American author and researcher

Jessica Sklar (born 1973), American mathematician, daughter of Lawrence

Jessica Seinfeld (born 1971), formerly Sklar, American author and philanthropist

Lawrence Sklar (1938–2024), American philosopher, father of Jessica

Leland Sklar (born 1947), American musician

Marty Sklar (1934–2017), American business executive

Matthew Sklar (born 1973), Broadway composer

Michael Sklar (1944–1984), American actor

Pamela Sklar (1959–2017), American psychiatrist and neuroscientist

Rachel Sklar (born 1972), Canadian lawyer and media blogger

Rick Sklar (1930–1992), American radio program director

Robert Sklar (1936–2011), American historian

the Sklar Brothers (Randy and Jason) (born 1972), American identical twin comedians and actors

Michael Sklar
Michael Joel Sklar (July 12, 1944 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor, writer, songwriter, and fashion retailer. He was best known as a Warhol superstar, starring in several films by Warhol and Paul Morrissey.

From his obituary in the New York Times:

Mr. Sklar wrote comedy for the television show Laugh-In and appeared on that show and on the Sha Na Na show. He acted in two Andy Warhol films, Trash and L'Amour, and appeared in the Broadway production of Scarpino. In the early 1970's, he founded a company called Childstar, for which he designed jewelry. He also designed greeting cards and was an importer of Japanese textiles and antiques.

Sklar died of lymphoma at the New York University Medical Center on March 5, 1984, and was survived by his mother, Bertha Sklar, a sister, Carol Wueste, and a brother, Norman Sklar.
Vasilseverginite
Vasilseverginite is a very rare arsenate-sulfate mineral with formula Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2. Its structure is of a new type. It possesses a typical feature of many minerals of its type locality, the Tolbachik volcano, namely being a salt with oxide anions. However, it is the first Tolbachik copper oxysalt that is both arsenate and sulfate. Vasilseverginite is monoclinic, with space group P21/n.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Gloom (album)
Gloom is the debut album of American extreme metal band Macabre, released in 1989. Several versions of this album exist. Some versions include the Grim Reality EP, other include a few live tracks and two songs from the Grim Reality EP.

Fritz Haarmann
Friedrich Heinrich Karl "Fritz" Haarmann (25 October 1879 – 15 April 1925) was a German serial rapist and serial killer, known as the Butcher of Hanover, the Vampire of Hanover and the Wolf Man, who committed the sexual assault, murder, mutilation and dismemberment of at least twenty-four young men and boys in the city of Hanover between 1918 and 1924.

Found guilty of twenty-four of the twenty-seven murders for which he was tried, Haarmann was sentenced to death by beheading in December 1924. He was subsequently executed by guillotine in April 1925.

Haarmann became known as the Butcher of Hanover (German: Der Schlächter von Hannover) due to the extensive mutilation and dismemberment committed upon his victims' bodies, and by such titles as the Vampire of Hanover (der Vampir von Hannover) and the Wolf Man (Wolfsmensch) because of his preferred murder method of biting into or through his victims' throats.
Jock's Copse
Jock's Copse is a  1.5-hectare (3.7-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the northern outskirts of Bracknell in Berkshire. It is owned and managed by Bracknell Forest Borough Council.

Along with Temple Copse and Tinkers Copse it forms part of what is known locally as The Three Copses. It is  ancient coppiced woodland, mainly oak and hazel.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Paul Osbaldiston
Paul Osbaldiston (born April 27, 1964) is a former punter and placekicker for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1986 to 2003. He was the Assistant Special Teams/Kicking Coach for the Tiger-Cats until 2014. Osbaldiston was a three-time CFL All-Star, seven-time East Division All-Star and a member of Hamilton’s 1986 and 1999 Grey Cup championship teams.

East Division (CFL)
The East Division is one of the two regional divisions of the Canadian Football League, its counterpart being the West Division. Although the CFL was not founded until 1958, the East Division and its clubs are descended from earlier leagues.

The four teams in the division are the Toronto Argonauts, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Montreal Alouettes, and Ottawa Redblacks.  Several now-defunct teams have also played in the East Division including two teams from the United States and a large number of teams that have played in Hamilton, Montreal, and Ottawa prior to the current teams from those cities.  Additionally, current West Division team, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers have, in the past, spent a number of seasons in the East over three separate stints.