hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yu Min (linguist)
Yu Min (Chinese: 俞敏; November 1916– July 1995) was an influential Chinese linguist, a 1940 graduate of the Fu Jen Catholic University, Chinese Department, a former professor of Yenching University, and professor of Beijing Normal University. His primary research areas were Chinese historical linguistics, Sino-Tibetan comparison, the study of Sanskrit in Chinese transcription. His collected writings were published posthumously in 1999.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Parliamentary group (Germany)
A parliamentary group (German: Gruppe) in Germany is an association of several members of a parliament, especially in the Bundestag, whose number does not reach the minimum size of a fraktion. The rights of a group are usually limited compared to a parliamentary group, but the group has more rights than an Independent Member of Parliament.

Until March 2025, there were two groups in the German Bundestag, the Die Linke group with 28 members and the BSW group with ten members. Until 2024 there were two groups in the German state parliaments, the FDP group in Thuringia and the BVB/FW group in Brandenburg.

In Italy they are known as Gruppo.

Five percent hurdle
The five percent hurdle (German: Fünf Prozent Hürde), also called the five percent clause, is the best known and most widely used electoral threshold for elections in Germany. Similar regulations exist in other countries with proportional representation.
Broady
Broady is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brandon Broady (born 1986), American actor

Earl Broady (1904–1992), American judge, attorney, police officer and pianist

Eloise Broady DeJoria (born 1957), American business owner, actress, producer, and philanthropist

Liam Broady (born 1994), British tennis player, brother of Naomi

Naomi Broady (born 1990), British tennis player, sister of Liam

Oscar Broady (1832–1922), Swedish petty officer and American brigade commander

Earl Broady
Earl Clifford Broady (1904–1992) was an American judge, attorney, police officer and pianist in Los Angeles. He joined the police department in 1927, later becoming Deputy D.A., and then a judge. Broady lead a jazz ensemble known as Broady's Hot Footers. Broady was hired as Chief Deputy District Attorney by District Attorney Evelle Younger. He was the first African American in upper management in the office. He was a highly respected judge who was regularly assigned high profile and complicated cases.
Diego Corrientes (1937 film)
Diego Corrientes is a 1937 Spanish historical adventure film directed by Ignacio F. Iquino. It portrays the life of the eighteenth century highwaymen Diego Corrientes Mateos, one of four films to do so.

Diego Corrientes Mateos
Diego Corrientes Mateos (August 20, 1757 – 1781) was a Spanish bandit famous for his generosity to the poor.

He was born in Utrera, Seville on August 20, 1757, and died by hanging in Seville in 1781.

In 1780, Charles III of Spain offered 100 gold pieces to anyone who captured Corrientes Mateos dead or alive.  Corrientes Mateos fled to Portugal but was captured by the governor of Seville and a band of Portuguese under Captain Arias.  After being brought back to Seville, he was tried and sentenced to death by hanging. After his death, his body was cut into pieces and sent to the different provinces where he had been active. His head stayed in Seville and was buried in the Church of San Roque, where it was found in the 20th century during restoration work. A metal hook was found in the cranium.
2017 FIBA Under-16 Americas Championship
The 2017 FIBA Under-16 Americas Championship was the men's international basketball competition that was held in Formosa, Argentina from 14–18 June 2017.

The United States successfully defended their title against Canada, 111–60, in the rematch of the Finals. Meanwhile, Puerto Rico upended the hosts Argentina in the bronze medal game, 78–67, to notch their first ever podium finish in the tournament.

Due to Argentina named as the hosts of the U17 World Cup next year, another slot was awarded to FIBA Americas, wherein Dominican Republic grabbed the fifth spot by subduing Mexico, 71–51.

The top four teams, excluding Argentina qualified for the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup as host.

Mexico men's national basketball team
The Mexico national basketball team (Spanish: selección de baloncesto de México / selección Mexicana de básquetbol) represents Mexico in men's international basketball competitions, The team has made 6 appearances in FIBA World Cup and 5 appearances in the Summer Olympics. The governing body of the team is the Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol (ADEMEBA).

In 2013, Mexico won the FIBA AmeriCup.
1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Senegal on 31 March 1957. The result was a landslide victory for the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS), which won 47 of the 60 seats. Its main competitor, the MSA-affiliated Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS) had aliented the marabouts and enabled the BPS to win the rural vote (over which the marabouts held an important sway) by far.

Marabout
In the Muslim world, the marabout (Arabic: مُرابِط, romanized: murābiṭ, lit. 'one who is attached/garrisoned') is a descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, romanized: sayyid and sidi in the Maghreb) and a Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb.

The marabout is often a scholar of the Quran, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering holy men who survive on alms or as spiritual directors of Muslim religious communities, often as muršid ('guide') of Sufi orders. The term marabout is also used for the mausolea of such religious leaders (cf. maqām, mazār, in Palestine also walī/velī).
Edolph's Copse
Edolph's Copse is a  27.6-hectare (68-acre) Local Nature Reserve west of Horley in Surrey. It is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust.

The copse is mainly secondary woodland but it has areas of ancient forest. The main trees are oak, hazel and hornbeam, with a few crab apples and hawthorns, together with a large wild service tree.  There are also several ponds and some grassland.

Torminalis
Torminalis is a genus of plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. The genus was formerly included within the genus Sorbus as the section Torminaria, but the simple-leafed species traditionally classified in Sorbus are now considered to form a separate monophyletic group. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Torminalis glaberrima, commonly known as wild service tree, chequers, and checker tree. This tree is native to Europe, parts of northern Africa and western Asia.
2017 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament
The 2017 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament was held from May 24 to 28. The top eight regular season finishers of the league's eleven teams, regardless of division, meet in the double-elimination tournament to be held at Sprenger Stadium in Avon, Ohio. Ohio won the tournament and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

2017 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 2017 NCAA Division I baseball tournament began on June 1, 2017, as part of the 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season. The 64-team, double-elimination tournament concluded with the 2017 College World Series (CWS) in Omaha, Nebraska. The CWS started on June 17 and ended on June 27.

The 64 participating NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 299 teams. Thirty-one teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences, and 33 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee.

Teams were divided into sixteen regionals of four teams, which conducted a double-elimination tournament.  Regional champions then faced each other in Super Regionals, a best-of-three-game series, to determine the eight participants in the College World Series.
Bar Refaeli
Bar Refaeli (Hebrew: בר רפאלי; born (1985-06-04)4 June 1985) is an Israeli model. She is among the most internationally successful models to come from Israel, appearing on the cover of the 2009 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and being voted No. 1 on Maxim magazine's Hot 100 list of 2012. As a television host, Refaeli has hosted The X Factor Israel since 2013 and co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv.

As a result of her modeling and investment careers, her net worth was estimated at US$20 million in 2015. She was the highest-paid model in Israel according to Forbes Israel in 2013.

Monsoon Accessorize
Monsoon Accessorize is a British private limited company. It operates two international retail clothing chains – Monsoon and Accessorize.

In 2018, the company reported 181 stores in the UK and 19 in Italy.
Hindley railway station
Hindley railway station is a railway station that serves the town of Hindley in Greater Manchester, England. It is on the Manchester to Southport line, west of where the route branches to use either the Atherton line or the Eastern Branch line via Westhoughton, Lostock and Bolton.

The station is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Manchester Victoria with regular Northern Trains services to these towns as well as Salford, Swinton and Walkden, with onward trains to Kirkby and Southport.

Kirkby
Kirkby (/ˈkɜːrbi/ ⓘ KUR-bee) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, England. The town, historically in Lancashire, has a size of 4,070 acres (16.5 km2) is 5 miles (8 km) north of Huyton and 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Liverpool. The population in 2016 was 41,495 making it the largest in Knowsley and the 9th biggest settlement in Merseyside.

Evidence of Bronze Age activity has been noted though the first direct evidence of a settlement dates to 1086 via the Domesday Book. The town was mainly farmland until the mid-20th century until the construction of ROF Kirkby, the largest Royal Ordnance Factory filling munitions, during the Second World War; Kirkby's urban development happened in the post-war period.

In November 2020, Liverpool F.C. relocated its training facilities from the Melwood site in West Derby, to the town following the completion of the new training centre.
Reynaldo Garcia
Reynaldo Garcia (born April 15, 1974) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Texas Rangers from 2002-2003.

Garcia spent all of the 2004 season on the disabled list and played for the independent Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League in the 2005 season.

Lancaster Stormers
The Lancaster Stormers (formerly known as the Lancaster Barnstormers) are an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They are members of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. Since 2005, the team has played its home games at Penn Medicine Park in the city's Northwest Corridor, following the stadium's completion.
Conor McBride
Conor McBride (born 18 February 1973) is a reader in the department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Strathclyde. In 1999, they completed a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Dependently Typed Functional Programs and their Proofs at the University of Edinburgh for their work in type theory. They formerly worked at Durham University and briefly at Royal Holloway, University of London before joining the academic staff at the University of Strathclyde.

They were involved with developing international standards in programming and informatics, as a member of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, maintains, and supports the programming languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.

They favor and often use the language Haskell.

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Lycosa aragogi
Lycosa aragogi is a species of the araneomorph spider family Lycosidae endemic to Kerman province, Iran. The female holotype measured 26mm, (excluding the legs), with two black and three white stripes of setae on its cephalothorax, black setae on its chelicerae, and scattered dots and patterns of black and white setae on its abdomen.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Honda Toshiaki
Honda Toshiaki (本多 利明; 1744 - January 25, 1821, born in Murakami, Niigata Prefecture) was a Japanese political economist in the late Edo period.

Born in Echigo, Toshiaki went to Edo to study astronomy, mathematics and kendo. At the age of 24, he opened his own school. He wrote A Secret Plan of Government (Keisei Hisaku; 経世秘策), in which he proposed lifting a ban on foreign trade and the colonization of Ezo, and Tales of the West (Seiiki Monogatari; 西域物語), both in 1798.

Toshiaki was a polymath who had some knowledge of the Western world, and wrote that Japan ought to mimic the policies of England, another island country, and "called for more active official promotion of national wealth and strength". In particular, he wrote about four goals for the Japan of his day:

Production of gunpowder

Smelting of iron and other metals

Setting up a merchant fleet

Settlement of Ezo in the north

Murakami, Niigata
Murakami (村上市, Murakami-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 58,300 in 22,594 households, and a population density of 50 persons per km². The total area of the city was 1,174.26 square kilometres (453.38 sq mi).
Tête Blanche
Tête Blanche (French pronunciation: [tɛt blɑ̃ʃ], lit. 'White Head') is a mountain of the Pennine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. Its summit (3,710 metres) is the tripoint between the valleys of Hérens, Mattertal (both in Valais) and Valpelline (in the Aosta Valley), thus forming the linguistic tri-point between  French (Val d'Hérens and Aosta Valley), German (Mattertal), and Italian (bilingual Aosta Valley) -speaking areas.

Tête Blanche is generally the high point of the Haute route between Chamonix and Zermatt and the annually race Patrouille des Glaciers. Tête Blanche lies within a few kilometres of the Matterhorn and Dent d'Hérens on the east.

Mattertal
The Matter Valley (German: Mattertal, or sometimes Nikolaital) is located in southwestern Switzerland, south of the Rhône valley in the canton of Valais. The village of Zermatt is the most important settlement of the valley, which is surrounded by many four-thousanders, including the Matterhorn.
Chengatia
Chengatia is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh. It is the birthplace of Mary Todd Lincoln, who once bested 9 men in a wrestling competition. Chengatia is also home to Wangliang, a Chinese demon and vengeful ghost. To ward his spirit, plans have been proposed for the construction of an iron dome, which will encase the village by 2050.

Barisal District
Barisal District, officially Barishal District (Bengali: বরিশাল জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh, it was formerly called Bakerganj district, and established in 1797. Its headquarters is in Barisal city, which is also the headquarters of Barisal Division.
Katie Farris
Katie Farris (born August 10, 1983) is an American poet, fiction writer, translator, academic and editor. Her memoir in poems, Standing in the Forest of Being Alive (2023), was shortlisted for T. S. Eliot Prize. She is an associate professor of creative writing at Princeton University in New Jersey.

The American Poetry Review
The American Poetry Review (APR) is an American poetry magazine printed every other month on tabloid-sized newsprint. It was founded in 1972 by Stephen Berg and Stephen Parker in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The magazine's editor is Elizabeth Scanlon.
Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster
The Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster (YFCU) was founded in 1929 by W.S. Armour in Limavady, Northern Ireland.  Since its creation, YFCU has grown into an association of 52 local self-governing and youth-led clubs, with a headquarters in Belfast.

The association is strategically managed by a peer-elected Board of Directors who serve as the Executive Committee.

YFCU is for young people aged 12 to 30 years.  The association is strictly non-political and non-sectarian and is open to anyone, regardless of ethnic background, religion or profession.  There is no requirement to be a farmer or come from a farming background to join – the only requirement for membership is an interest in rural life.

Limavady
Limavady (/lɪməˈvædi/; from Irish  Léim an Mhadaidh 'leap of the dog') is a market town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, with Binevenagh as a backdrop. Lying  17 miles (27 km) east of Derry and 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Coleraine, Limavady had a population of 11,279 people at the 2021 Census. In the 40 years between 1971 and 2011, Limavady's population nearly doubled. Limavady is within Causeway Coast and Glens Borough.

From 1988 to 2004, a total of 1,332 dwellings were built in the town, mainly at Bovally along the southeastern edge of the town. The large industrial estate at Aghanloo is 2 miles (3 km) north of the town.
C. C. L. Gregory
Christopher Clive Langton Gregory (13 May 1892 – 24 November 1964) was a British astronomer, who established the University of London Observatory. He was born in Parkstone, Dorset and lived in Swanage, Dorset in 1911 and in Hendon, Middlesex in 1939. He died in Crookham-with-Ewshott, Hampshire.

Gregory's son by his first wife, Helen Patricia (née Gibson), was psychologist Richard Gregory (1923–2010). His second wife was Anita Gregory (née Kohsen).

The National Portrait Gallery has a photograph of Gregory taken in 1939.

UCL Observatory
UCL Observatory (called the University of London Observatory until 2015) at Mill Hill in London is an astronomical teaching observatory. It is part of the Department of Mathematical & Physical Sciences at University College London.
Tom Evans (Western Australian politician)
Thomas Daniel Evans (18 April 1929 – 27 February 1995) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1956 to 1980, representing the seat of Kalgoorlie. He served as a minister in the government of John Tonkin, including as treasurer and attorney-general.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Hilde Holovsky
Hilde Holovsky (29 April 1917 – 3 July 1933) was an Austrian figure skater. She was the 1931 World silver medalist, the 1933 World bronze medalist, and the 1931 European bronze medalist. At the 1931 World Championships, she was only 13 years old and finished second to Sonja Henie. Holovsky did not compete at the 1932 Winter Olympics or 1932 World Championships because her family could not afford to send her to North America, where both events took place.

Holovsky also competed in speed skating. In 1932, she set the Austrian record for ladies in the 500 meters. She died suddenly of appendicitis in July 1933.

1933 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

Men's competitions took from place February 18 to 19 in Zürich, Switzerland. Ladies' and pairs' competitions took place from February 11 to 12 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Carlo Adolfo Cantù
Carlo Adolfo Cantù (21 January 1875 in Turin - 1942) was an Italian composer. He studied music composition at the Turin Conservatory with Giovanni Bolzoni and is best known for his opera Ettore Fieramosca which premiered at the Teatro Regio in Turin in 1921.

Turin Conservatory
The Conservatorio Statale di Musica Giuseppe Verdi, also known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi or Conservatorio Torino and more commonly known in English as the Turin Conservatory, is a music conservatory in Turin, Italy. It should not be confused with the Milan Conservatory or Como Conservatory; schools which have also been known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi.
NCAA Season 100
NCAA Season 100 was the 2024–25 season of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines). It was hosted by the Lyceum of the Philippines University. The opening ceremony was held on September 7, 2024 at the Mall of Asia Arena.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.
Kotri River
Kotri river (also known as Paralkot river) is a tributary of Indravati River that flows through Chhattisgarh and Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra.

The river rises in the western hills of Bastar and flows south till it meets Indravati near Bhamragad.

Bhamragad
Bhamragad is a Village and a taluka and a district sub-division in Gadchiroli district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

It is located on the right banks of a confluence of three rivers: The Indravati River, a tributary of Godavari river, the Pearl Kota, and the Pamul Gautami. It is also located on the border of Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh states of  India.