hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David E. Goldberg
David Edward Goldberg (born September 26, 1953) is an American engineer, educator, and author, known for his contributions to genetic algorithms, engineering education, and the philosophy of engineering. He is a registered professional engineer in Pennsylvania and has held faculty positions at the University of Michigan, University of Alabama, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and served as a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore. Goldberg is recognized for his research in evolutionary computation, engineering education reform, and interdisciplinary approaches connecting philosophy and engineering.

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Lament of the Lamb
Lament of the Lamb (Japanese: 羊のうた, Hepburn: Hitsuji no Uta; lit. "Song of the Sheep"), alternatively titled The Lament of a Lamb or Sheep's Song, is a Japanese horror manga series written and illustrated by Kei Toume. It follows Kazuna, a boy with a mysterious illness which turns out to be vampirism. It was adapted into a live action film in 2002 directed by Junji Hanado, a three-part Drama CD in 2002–03, and an anime OVA series in 2003–04.

The manga was licensed in North America by Tokyopop, and in Russia by Comics Factory.

Tokyopop
Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's US publishing division publishes works in English. Tokyopop has its US headquarters near Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.

It is owned by POP Media Holdings. Tokyopop's parent company's offices are in Tokyo, Japan and its sister company's office is in Hamburg, Germany.
Modoc Mission Church and Cemetery
Modoc Church and Cemetery is a historic mission church and cemetery in Miami, Oklahoma.

It was built in 1892 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.  The listing included four contributing buildings.

Kintpuash
Kintpuash (c. 1837 – October 3, 1873), also known as Kientpoos, Keintpoos, or by his English name Captain Jack, was a prominent Modoc leader from present-day northern California and southern Oregon. His name in the Modoc language translates to "strikes the water brashly." Kintpuash is best known for leading his people in resisting forced relocation during the Modoc War of 1872–1873. Using the rugged terrain of the Lava Beds in California, his small band of warriors held off vastly superior US Army forces for several months. He remains the only Native American leader to be charged with war crimes. Kintpuash was executed by hanging, along with three others, for their role in the deaths of General Edward Canby and Reverend Eleazar Thomas during peace negotiations.
Carla Abellán
Carla Abellan (31 July 1997 Terrassa) is a Spanish water polo player, who played for CN Sabadell.

She participated in the  2013 Women's LEN Super Cup, 2014 Women's LEN Super Cup, 2014–15 LEN Euro League Women, and 2014 European U19 Women's Championships.

She plays for University of Hawaii.

2014 Women's LEN Super Cup
The 2014 Women's LEN Super Cup was a water polo match organized by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the 2013–14 LEN Women's Champions' Cup and the 2013-14 Women's LEN Trophy.
Sitz bath
A sitz bath or hip bath is a bathtub in which a person sits in water up to the hips. It is used to relieve discomfort and pain in the lower part of the body, for example, due to hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, perianal fistulas, rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, pilonidal cysts and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina. It works by keeping the affected area clean and increasing the flow of blood to it.

Such hip baths were originally a European custom, although modern sitz baths are used mainly for therapeutic purposes. The term sitz bath is derived from the German word Sitzbad, meaning a bath (Bad) in which one sits (sitzen).

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani
Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani (born 7 March 1976) is an Indian physician (by profession) and politician currently serving as the 28th Minister of State for Rural Development and Communications since June 2024. He was elected as a Member of parliament to the 18th Lok Sabha from Guntur Lok Sabha constituency, Andhra Pradesh. He won the Indian general election, 2024 as a Telugu Desam Party (TDP) candidate.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Melitracen
Melitracen (brand names Melixeran, Trausabun) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Deanxit, marketed by Lundbeck, a combination product containing both melitracen and flupentixol.

The pharmacology of melitracen has not been properly investigated and is largely unknown, but it is likely to act in a similar manner to other TCAs. Indeed, melitracen is reported to have imipramine and amitriptyline-like effects and efficacy against depression and anxiety, though with improved tolerability and a somewhat faster onset of action.

Onset of action
Onset of action is the duration of time it takes for a drug's effects to come to prominence upon administration. With oral administration, it typically ranges anywhere from 20 minutes to over an hour, depending on the drug in question. Other methods of ingestion such as smoking or injection can take as little as seconds to minutes to take effect. The determination of the onset of action, however, is not completely dependent upon route of administration. There are several other factors that determine the onset of action for a specific drug, including drug formulation, dosage, and the patient receiving the drug.
Jennie Clark (soccer)
Jenista Elaine Clark (born October 31, 1988) is an American professional soccer defender who played for 1. FFC Frankfurt of the German Frauen Bundesliga and was named an assistant coach for Minnesota Aurora FC in 2021.

Clark signed for European champions Frankfurt in 2015, after three seasons with Bundesliga rivals SC Freiburg. She had arrived in Germany during the 2011–12 winter transfer window and played the remainder of that season with Lokomotive Leipzig. Delaying her graduation, she spent the 2011 campaign with Sky Blue FC of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). Clark was named an assistant coach for the Minnesota Aurora, a USL W League team that began play in 2022.

USL W League
The USL W League (USLW) is a women's soccer league in the United States. It began play in May 2022 and follows the USL W-League, a similar league that existed from 1995 to 2015. It is currently not sanctioned by the US Soccer Federation, meaning that it does not have a position in the US soccer pyramid. As of the 2025 season, the current champions are Utah United.
Liberty Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Liberty Township was a short-lived township of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in the east of what is now Pittsburgh. It was formed on December 3, 1864, from a portion of Peebles Township. Its territory lay south of Penn Avenue and included the present-day neighborhoods of Shadyside, Point Breeze and Friendship, and parts of East Liberty, Squirrel Hill, Bloomfield, and Regent Square. On June 30, 1868, Liberty Township and its neighboring municipalities of Peebles, Collins, Pitt, Oakland, and Lawrenceville were annexed to Pittsburgh.

Residents of Liberty included steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, general James S. Negley, railroad executive Robert Pitcairn, congressman Thomas M. Howe, and politician and judge William Wilkins.

Thomas Marshall Howe
Thomas Marshall Howe (April 20, 1808 – July 20, 1877) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. He was a financier, statesman, manufacturer, and philanthropist. He was considered the leading citizen of Pittsburgh of his day.
Shalinskoye (rural locality)
Shalinskoye (Russian: Ша́линское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Mansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population:  3,932 (2010 Census); 4,264 (2002 Census); 5,115 (1989 Soviet census).

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Cambridge Systematics
Cambridge Systematics, Inc. is an independent, employee-owned transportation consultancy firm with corporate headquarters located in Medford, Massachusetts.  Cambridge Systematics provides strategic planning and management services, objective analysis, and technology applications for passenger, commercial, freight, and transit systems to public and private sectors both nationally and internationally.

Cambridge Systematics provides services in public transportation, urban design, climate change, environmental impact assessment, sustainability, sustainable transport, land-use planning, forecasting, modeling, asset management, public–private partnership, infrastructure, and logistics.

The firm's staff members are associated with the Transportation Research Board, American Planning Association, ITS America, Governors Highway Safety Association, American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Institute of Transportation Engineers.

American Planning Association
The American Planning Association (APA) is a professional organization representing the field of urban planning in the United States. APA was formed in 1978, when two separate professional planning organizations, the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning Officials, were merged into a single organization. The American Institute of Certified Planners is now the organization's professional branch. Its headquarters is in Chicago, Illinois.
Skipping Christmas
Skipping Christmas is a comedic novel by John Grisham. It was published by Doubleday on November 6, 2001, and reached #1 on The New York Times Best-Seller List on December 9 that year. It was also released as a four-CD audiobook, narrated by actor Dennis Boutsikaris, by Random House Audio Publishing Group in October 2006. The book was adapted into the film Christmas with the Kranks (2004), directed by Joe Roth and written by Chris Columbus.

Dennis Boutsikaris
Dennis Boutsikaris (/ˌbuːtsɪˈkærɪs/; born December 21, 1952) is an American stage and film  actor. A two-time Obie Award Winner, he has appeared on and off Broadway, being the first American to play Mozart in Amadeus.  On television he is best known for his role on Better Call Saul as Rich Schweikart. He has also narrated over 200 audiobooks.
Jimmy Sweeney
Jimmy Sweeney (March 15, 1922 – October 6, 1992) was a singer, songwriter, and self-taught guitarist. He was a member of the Nashville African-American music scene, and a veteran of World War II. As a pop singer, he was known professionally as Jimmy Sweeney a.k.a. Jimmy Bell. Jimmy was born, raised, and died in Nashville, Tennessee.

His recordings span country, rhythm and blues, soul, and doo wop. He was an early influence on Elvis Presley.

Thomasville, Georgia
Thomasville is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The population was 18,881 in 2020.

The city deems itself the "City of Roses" and holds an annual Rose Festival. The city features plantations open to the public, a historic downtown, a large farmer's market, and an oak tree from about 1680 at the corner of Monroe and Crawford streets.
Llecué
Llecué is a mountain in the commune of Los Lagos in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. The mountain lies west of mount Tralcán and immediately south of San Pedro River. The eastern slope of the mountain is a sharp fault scarp as is part of its western slope. The name of the mountain is Mapuche based on llecu, meaning near, and hue, meaning place. The mountain lies next to the catastrophic landslide of 1575 which dammed San Pedro River causing a flood when the dam burst.

Fault scarp
A fault scarp is a small step-like offset of the ground surface in which one side of a fault has shifted vertically in relation to the other. The topographic expression of fault scarps results from the differential erosion of rocks of contrasting resistance and the displacement of land surface by movement along the fault. Differential movement and erosion may occur either along older inactive geologic faults, or recent active faults.
Third-person effect
The third-person effect hypothesis predicts that people tend to perceive that mass media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves, based on personal biases. The third-person effect manifests itself through an individual's overestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on the generalized other, or an underestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on themselves.

These types of perceptions stem from a self-motivated social desirability (not feeling influenced by mass messages promotes self-esteem), a social-distance corollary (choosing to dissociate oneself from the others who may be influenced), and a perceived exposure to a message (others choose to be influenced by persuasive communication). Other names for the effect are "Third-person perception" and "Web Third-person effect". From 2015, the effect is named "Web Third-person effect" when it is verified in social media, media websites, blogs and in websites in general.

Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
Arthelais
Arthelais (Italian: Sant' Artellaide) (544–560) is venerated as a Christian saint. She is one of the patron saints of Benevento, with Barbatus of Benevento and Bartholomew being the others. Her feast day is 3 March.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
Ivan Zachariáš
Ivan Zachariáš (born 19 October 1971) is a Czech film director. He is known for directing commercials. His work has won the Golden Lion six times at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity.

Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity
The Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity (formerly the International Advertising Festival) is a global event for those working in creative communications, advertising, and related fields. It is considered the largest gathering of the advertising and creative communications industry.

The five-day festival, incorporating the awarding of the Lions awards, is held yearly at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in Cannes, France. During June, around 15,000 registered delegates from 90 countries visited the Festival. They celebrated the best of creativity in brand communication, discussed industry issues, and networked with one another. The week's activities include multiple award ceremonies, as well as an opening and closing gala.
BBC Midlands Today
BBC Midlands Today is the BBC's regional television news service for the West Midlands. It was launched in 1964 and is presented by  Mary Rhodes, Nick Owen, Ben Godfrey, Elizabeth Glinka, Rebecca Wood and Shefali Oza.

Sutton Coldfield transmitting station
The Sutton Coldfield transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. In terms of population covered, it is the third most important transmitter in the UK, after Crystal Palace in London and Winter Hill near Bolton. It is the primary FM and DAB radio; and terrestrial television transmitter for the West Midlands conurbation.
Youri Boutsko
Youri Boutsko (Russian: Юрий Маркович Буцко; Youri Markovitch Boutsko; 18 May 1938 - 25 April 2015) was a Russian composer and professor of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory from 1968 to 2015.

Youri Boutsko is known as an author of vocal, instrumental and chamber music as well as of music for theater and cinema. He wrote 4 Operas, 2 Oratorios, 7 Cantatas, 13 Symphonies and 18 Concertos for different instruments.

The musical language of Youri Boutsko was deeply inspired by Russian musical tradition, in particular — by works of Modest Mussorgsky and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. On the other hand, his music is based on the traditional Christian Orthodox liturgy: the composer often uses either themes that remind of the Znamenny chant, or its real citations.

Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory (Russian: Московская государственная консерватория им. П. И. Чайковского, romanized: Moskovskaya gosudarstvennaya konservatoriya im. P. I. Chaykovskogo) is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. The conservatory offers various degrees including Bachelor of Music Performance, Master of Music and PhD in research.
Swainsona similis
Swainsona similis is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland eastern Australia. It is an erect or spreading perennial plant with imparipinnate leaves with 5 to 15 narrowly elliptic leaflets and racemes of 5 to 15 purple flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Ken Albers
John Kenneth Albers (December 10, 1924 – April 19, 2007) was an American singer and brass musician who performed with The Four Freshmen from 1956 to 1982.

Albers was born in Woodbury, New Jersey. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II and attended the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music.

Albers sang with The Stuarts Quartet prior to joining The Four Freshmen in 1956. One of Albers' first appearances as a member of The Four Freshmen was a live telecast of The Ray Anthony Show in 1956.

In addition to being a vocalist, Albers played the trumpet, mellophone, and flugelhorn.

Albers died in Simi Valley, California in 2007, at the age of 82.

University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
The University of the Arts (UArts) was a private arts university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its campus made up part of the Avenue of the Arts cultural district in Center City, Philadelphia. On May 31, 2024, university administrators suddenly announced that the university would close on June 7, 2024, although its precarious financial situation had been known for some time. It was accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The university included six schools: the School of Art, School of Dance, School of Design, School of Film, School of Music (accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music), and the Ira Brind School of Theater Arts, along with graduate and professional programs. A Saturday School of art classes for children opened in 1900.
Join (Unix)
join is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that merges the lines of two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field. It is similar to the join operator used in relational databases but operating on text files.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.