hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Case of the Stick
"The Case of the Stick" (Portuguese: O caso da vara) is an 1891 short story by Brazilian writer Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, published first in the Gazeta de Notícias and republished in the book Páginas Recolhidas. It is an ironic depiction of slavery in Brazil (abolished in 1888) and selfishness. The story's title is sometimes translated into English as "The Punishment Case", or "The Cane"; it appears under the latter in A Chapter of Hats and Other Stories, a collection of Machado's short stories published in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2008.

Selfishness
Selfishness is being concerned excessively or exclusively for oneself or one's own advantage, pleasure, or welfare, regardless of others.
Selfishness is the opposite of altruism or selflessness, and has also been contrasted (as by C. S. Lewis) with self-centeredness.
Mayflower (Canadian ship)
The Mayflower was a Canadian flat-bottom steamer that sank on November 12, 1912.  Built in Combermere, Ontario in 1903, the Mayflower was a wooden 77-foot-long ship and was powered by two steam engines that drove a single paddle wheel in her stern.

It was traveling from Barry's Bay to Combermere to deliver the body of John Brown to his brother-in-law (a local Combermere city councillor).  On that night, it sank on Kamaniskeg Lake in a winter storm, losing nine lives. Three managed to survive by staying afloat by clinging onto the casket that carried John Brown. Eventually they reached a small island called Gull Island (now known as Parcher Island) and built a fire using the debris and wreckage that had washed ashore.  It was reported worldwide at the time by Ripley's Believe it or Not.

This tragedy marked the worst inland maritime disaster in Canadian history at the time.  As a result, an island is named after the ship on Kamaniskeg Lake to commemorate it.

Ripley's Believe It or Not!
Ripley's Believe It or Not! is an American franchise founded by Robert Ripley, which deals with bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims. Originally a newspaper panel, the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats, including radio, film, television, comic books, a chain of museums, and a book-series.

The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs, 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels. With 80-plus attractions, the Orlando, Florida-based Ripley Entertainment, Inc. (a division of the Jim Pattison Group) hosts more than 12 million guests annually. Ripley Entertainment's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee a number of projects, including the syndicated TV series, the newspaper cartoon panel, books, posters, and games.
Canada Talks
Canada Talks is a Canadian talk radio station, which airs on the satellite radio service Sirius XM Canada. The channel broadcasts talk programming, both original content and simulcasting of other broadcast services, relating to all aspects of Canadian life including business, politics, entertainment, lifestyle, health and sports.

The channel's daily morning program is National Post Radio, a collaboration with the National Post newspaper hosted by columnist Matt Gurney. Business programming on the channel is provided through simulcasts of Business News Network's programs Business Day, The Business News and Market Call.

Personalities who have been heard on the channel with original programming include Arlene Bynon, Shaun Proulx, Christine Bentley, Kate Wheeler, Sharon Caddy, Amber MacArthur, Eric Alper, Evan Solomon, Patrick Bateman, Liza Fromer, Vicky Sparks, Tara Slone and Kyle Buchanan.

The channel also broadcasts all Canadian Football League games, including the annual Grey Cup.

Eric Alper
Eric Alper (born 1970 in Toronto) is a Canadian music correspondent, blogger, radio host and former director of media relations, at eOne Music Canada based in Toronto, Ontario. Since 2016, Alper has run a music public relations company, That Eric Alper, and hosts the @ThatEricAlper show on SiriusXM.
Inn Glacier
The Inn Glacier (German: Inn-Gletscher), also called the Inn Valley Glacier (Inntal-Gletscher). was the ice age glacier of the Alpine river, the Inn. Originating in the Swiss Upper and Lower Engadine (in the present canton of Graubünden), it flowed through the state of Tyrol in Austria (occupying the present day Inn Valley). On German territory it pushed its ice front far into the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. The Inn Glacier attained its greatest thickness and extent during the Riss glaciation (Old moraines). The overwhelming part of the landforms seen today in the valley carved by the Inn Glacier date, however, to the last ice age, the Würm glaciation (Young moraines).

Canton (administrative division)
A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.  In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions, such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, the most politically important cantons are the Swiss cantons. As the constituents of the Swiss Confederation, theoretically and historically, they are semi-sovereign states.

The term is derived from the French word canton, meaning "corner" or "district" (from which "cantonment" is also derived).
Apperian
Apperian, Inc. was a Boston-based software company. The organization provided a mobile application management platform that did not require app code modifications or software development kits (SDKs).

Apperian sold cloud-based and on-premises software through a privately branded enterprise app store to employees and contracted workers without requiring the device to be managed.

Mobile application management
Mobile application management (MAM) describes the software and services responsible for provisioning and controlling access to internally developed and commercially available mobile apps used in business settings, on both company-provided and 'bring your own' mobile operating systems as used on smartphones and tablet computers.

Mobile application management provides granular controls at the application level which enable system administrators to manage and secure application or 'app' data.  MAM differs from mobile device management (MDM), which focuses on controlling the entire device, and requires that users enroll or register their device, and install a service agent.

While some enterprise mobility management (EMM) suites include a MAM function, their capabilities may be limited in comparison to stand-alone MAM solutions, because EMM suites require a device management profile in order to enable app management capabilities.
Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 12th Congress, and sat from 25 April 1923 until 31 May 1924. The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau (OB) of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 23–31 May 1924 in Moscow. Of the delegates attending, 748 had voting rights, and 416 had consultative rights. The congress elected the 13th Central Committee.

This congress was the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)' first to take place after the death of Vladimir Lenin, and represents a transition between the Lenin and Joseph Stalin regimes. It was also the first confrontation between the Left Opposition (led by Leon Trotsky) and the "troika" (led by Stalin, Grigory Zinoviev, and Lev Kamenev).
1988 Hong Kong legislative election
The 1988 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was an indirect election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo); was held on 22 September 1988. It was the second ever election of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong history based on the 1987 Review of Developments in Representative Government, as the Government's democratisation process according to the agreement of the Sino-British Joint Declaration. There were 12 members elected by Electoral Colleges, 14 members from functional constituencies.

A total of 9,276 out of almost 17,000 registered votes turned out to return 13 candidates in 8 electoral college and 4 functional constituency seats while another 13 seats were returned unopposed. The liberal lobby suffered a major setback in the election as three of their outspoken leaders were defeated.

Electoral college
An electoral college is a body of representatives empowered to formally select a candidate for a specific office, most often the head of state. Electoral colleges exist in several countries and may serve to balance regional representation or ensure indirect election mechanisms. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber, in a democracy. Its members, called electors, are elected either by the people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations.

If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament, elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany) normally do not fall into this definition.
Geology of Great Britain
Quaternary (Alluvium)

Paleogene / Neogene (Tertiary)

Cretaceous

Lower Cretaceous

middle/upper Jurassic

lower Jurassic

upper Triassic

lower Triassic

upper Permian

lower Permian

upper Carboniferous (Coal Measures)

middle Carboniferous

lower Carboniferous (limestone)

Devonian

Ordovician / Silurian

Cambrian

Neoproterozoic

Proterozoic (upper Precambrian)

Lewisian (lower Precambrian)

granite

Paleogene volcanics

The geology of Great Britain is renowned for its diversity. As a result of its eventful geological history, Great Britain shows a rich variety of landscapes across the constituent countries of England, Wales and Scotland. Rocks of almost all geological ages are represented at outcrop, from the Archaean onwards.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
2018–19 Skeleton World Cup
The 2018–19 Skeleton World Cup was a multi-race series over a season for skeleton. The season started on 3 December 2018 in Sigulda, Latvia, and finished on 23 February 2019 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The World Cup was organised by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, who also run World Cups and Championships in bobsleigh.  The title sponsor of the World Cup was again BMW.

Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track was a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Calgary, Alberta. Part of Canada Olympic Park, it hosted the bobsleigh and luge competitions at the 1988 Winter Olympics. This track is one of only two of its type in the world to be featured in a non-documentary film when it was part of the 1993 American film Cool Runnings which loosely followed the Jamaican Bobsled Team during their competition in bobsleigh at the 1988 Games (the other was the 1981 British film For Your Eyes Only which included scenes from the bobsleigh track in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy). It was demolished in 2021.
Gözebaşı, Adıyaman
Gözebaşı (Kurdish: Xosmosî) is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kawan tribe and had a population of 436 in 2021.

The hamlets of Akbulut, Subaşı and Zorköy are attached to the village.

Adıyaman District
Adıyaman District (Turkish: merkez ilçe, meaning "central district") is a district of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Adıyaman. Its area is 1,814 km2, and its population is 312,207 (2021).
Odaköy, Kızıltepe
Odaköy (Kurdish: Oda) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 567 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
George E. Dixon
George Erasmus Dixon (1837? – February 17, 1864) was a first lieutenant in the Confederate Army in the American Civil War. He is best known as the commander of the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley during her successful mission to sink the Union blockading ship USS Housatonic off Charleston, South Carolina.

USS Housatonic (1861)
USS Housatonic was a screw sloop-of-war of the United States Navy, taking its name from the Housatonic River of New England.

Housatonic was launched on 20 November 1861, by the Boston Navy Yard at Charlestown, Massachusetts, sponsored by Miss Jane Coffin Colby and Miss Susan Paters Hudson; and commissioned there on 29 August 1862, with Commander William Rogers Taylor in command.  Housatonic was one of four sister ships of her class which included USS Adirondack, USS Ossipee, and USS Juniata.  Housatonic is recognized as being the first ship sunk in combat by a submarine when she was attacked and sunk by H.L. Hunley in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, though the Hunley was also sunk in the encounter.
From the Mint Factory
From the Mint Factory is the second studio album by American R&B band Mint Condition.  The album was released on October 5, 1993, on Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis' record label Perspective Records. The album peaked and charted at number 104 on the Billboard 200 and number 18 on the Top R&B Albums chart.

Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born June 6, 1959) and Terry Steven Lewis (born November 24, 1956) are an American R&B/pop songwriting and record production team. Their productions have received commercial success since the 1980s with various artists, most extensively Janet Jackson. They have written 31 top ten hits in the UK and 41 in the US. In 2022, the duo were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence category.
Baker Overstreet
Baker Overstreet (born 1981) is an artist based in Brooklyn.

Overstreet was born in Augusta, Georgia.  His paintings describe patterns, symbols, figures and fictional spaces.  His work makes reference to folk and primitive art.

He received his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University in 2006.

Tribal art
Tribal art is the visual arts and material culture of indigenous people. Also known as non-Western art or ethnographic art, or, controversially, primitive art, tribal arts have historically been collected by Western anthropologists, private collectors, and museums, particularly ethnographic and natural history museums.
St. Nicholas Abbey Heritage Railway
St. Nicholas Abbey Heritage Railway (SNAHR) is a 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) long heritage narrow gauge railway with a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, in the parish of Saint Peter on the Eastern Caribbean island of  Barbados.

Saint Peter, Barbados
The parish of St. Peter is one of eleven in the Caribbean island country of Barbados.  It is named after the Christian Apostle and patron saint, Saint Peter.  It is located in the north of Barbados, and is the only parish besides Saint Lucy that extends from the east coast to the west.

The Barbados "Platinum Coast," which extends through Saint Peter from the parish of Saint James just to the south, has helped to make Saint Peter a tourist hot spot.  The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. Its topography includes rolling hills and terraces, some of which are still covered by sugar cane, which was the island's chief cash crop during its colonial period.  Within Saint Peter are also large tourist sites such as the Port St. Charles and Port Ferdinand marinas.  Other lavish resorts include Schooner Bay, St. Peter's Bay and The Palazzate.
Nymindegab
Nymindegab lies in Southwest Jutland, Denmark, and is a former fishing village by the former outflow at the southern end of Ringkøbing Fjord. In the summer, it is a well-attended tourist town with a permanent population of 204 (1 January 2024). It is located in Varde Municipality and belongs to Region of Southern Denmark. The town is situated at the southern end of the isthmus of Holmsland Dunes, which demarcates the fjord from the North Sea. Just northeast of Nymindegab lies the bird reservation of Tipperne on a peninsula in Ringkøbing Fjord.

In Nymindegab there is a Nymindegab Museum, where one can see, among other things, a whale skeleton, pictures from the area, and nature depicted by artists who have remained in the area over time. At Nymindegab Rescue Station one can see Denmark's oldest lifeboat, which from 1966 was kept at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, but was returned to Nymindegab in 1977.

National Museum of Denmark
The National Museum of Denmark (Danish: Nationalmuseet) in Copenhagen is Denmark's largest museum of cultural history, comprising the histories of Danish and foreign cultures, alike. The museum's main building is located a short distance from Strøget at the center of Copenhagen. It contains exhibits from around the world, from Greenland to South America. Additionally, the museum sponsors SILA - The Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark to further archaeological and anthropological research in Greenland.

The museum has a number of national commitments, particularly within the following key areas: archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, ethnography, natural science, conservation, communication, building antiquarian activities in connection with the churches of Denmark, as well as the handling of the Danefæ (the National Treasures).
David Zeitlyn
David Zeitlyn FRAI (born 1958) is a British anthropologist. He is Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford,
and a supernumerary-Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. His research has concentrated on the Mambila people of Cameroon, endangered languages and Cameroonian photographers such as Samuel Finlak, Joseph Chila and the late
Jacques Toussele. Working on anthropological archives has led him to write on the ethics of archiving fieldwork data, and he has helped revise the Association of Social Anthropologists (ASA) ethical guidelines for anthropology.  He has worked extensively on divination especially the form known as spider divination or nggam.

Jacques Toussele
Jacques Toussele (1939 - 30 June 2017) was a Cameroonian photographer from Bamessingué near Mbouda in the Western Region of Cameroon.

There are several variant spellings of his Bamiléké name: Toussile, Tousellé, Tousselle, and Touselle are all attested. The spelling on his identity card is Toussele without an accent (but pronounced in the French fashion (Tousselé, phonetically [tus sεlε]). When his work was exhibited at the Pitt Rivers Museum, an accented variant of his name was used.
Midway, Washington County, Virginia
36°47′10″N 81°52′34″W﻿ / ﻿36.78611°N 81.87611°W﻿ / 36.78611; -81.87611
Midway is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Virginia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 2034 feet (620 m).

Washington County, Virginia
Washington County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 53,935. Its county seat is Abingdon. Washington County is part of the Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region, which includes Bristol TN-VA, Kingsport TN, and Johnson City TN.
Center for Regulatory Effectiveness
The Center for Regulatory Effectiveness (CRE) is an industry-funded, for-profit think tank. It focuses on federal agency compliance with "good government" laws which regulate the regulators. These "good government" laws include the Data Quality Act, the Paperwork Reduction Act, Executive Orders on regulatory review, the Unfunded Mandates Act, the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the Congressional Review Act.

CRE was formed by former career officials of the White House Office of Management and Budget. The head of the firm is Jim Tozzi.

It has been criticised as a front organisation for industries which seek to undermine the regulatory process, notably by Chris C. Mooney in his book The Republican War on Science.

One of CRE's projects to promote public participation in the regulatory process is the establishment of the Interactive Public Docket.

Chris Mooney (journalist)
Christopher Cole Mooney (born September 20, 1977) is an American journalist, professor at the  University of Virginia and author of four books including  The Republican War on Science (2005). Mooney's writing focuses on subjects such as climate change denialism and creationism in public schools, and he has been described as "one of the few journalists in the country who specialize in the now dangerous intersection of science and politics." In 2020 he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for a series of articles on global warming published in The Washington Post.
Staggers (surname)
Staggers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harley Orrin Staggers (1907–1991), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia and namesake of the Staggers Rail Act of 1980

Harley O. Staggers, Jr. (born 1951), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia

Jon Staggers (born 1948), American football player

Kermit Staggers (1947–2019), American politicians

Margaret Anne Staggers (1945–2026), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia

Noelle Staggers, contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 4, TV series

Harley O. Staggers Jr.
Harley Orrin "Buckey" Staggers Jr. (born February 22, 1951) is an American politician and lawyer from West Virginia. He served five terms as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993.
Cristina Antonescu
Cristina Antonescu (born 27 September 1986 in Bucharest, Romania) is a   Romanian aerobic gymnast. She won two gold medals world championship with the team, one silver world championships medals and five European championships medals (one gold, two silver and two bronze).

Aerobic gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics or sport aerobics is a competitive sport originating from traditional aerobics in which complex, high-intensity movement patterns and elements of varying difficulty are performed to music. It is governed by World Gymnastics. The FIG designs the Code of Points governing the sport and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations.