hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haplogroup L-M20
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary branch of haplogroup LT, haplogroup L currently has the alternative phylogenetic name of  K1a, and is a sibling of haplogroup T (a.k.a. K1b).

The presence of L-M20 has been observed at varying levels throughout South Asia, peaking in populations native to the southern Pakistani province of Balochistan (28%), Northern Afghanistan (25%), and Southern India (19%). The clade also occurs in Tajikistan and Anatolia, as well as at lower frequencies in Iran. It has also been present for millennia at very low levels in the Caucasus, Europe and Central Asia. The subclade L2 (L-L595) has been found in Europe and Western Asia, but is extremely rare.

Phylogenetic nomenclature
Phylogenetic nomenclature (sometimes called cladistic nomenclature) is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names. Phylogenetic nomenclature assigns names to clades, groups consisting solely of an ancestor and all its descendants. This contrasts with the traditional method, by which taxon names are defined by a type, which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is regulated currently by the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode).
Marit Elisebet Totland
Marit Elisebet Totland (born 1957) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

She was elected to the municipal council of Bømlo Municipality in 1991, and became mayor in 1995. She still held that post when in 1997, during the first cabinet Bondevik, she was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Church Affairs, Education and Research. She lost that post with the cabinet change in 2000. In 2007 she was elected to the municipal council of Kvinnherad Municipality.

Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)
The Royal Ministry of Education and Research (Norwegian: Kunnskapsdepartementet, KD; full name: Det kongelige kunnskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens. The ministry was established in 1814 as the Royal Ministry of Church and Education Affairs.

The current Minister of Education is Kari Nessa Nordtun and the current Minister of Research and Higher Education is Sigrun Gjerløw Aasland, both of whom are of the Labour Party The department reports to the legislature (Stortinget).
Ahtiana
Ahtiana is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Ahtiana sphaerosporella, the mountain candlewax lichen, found in western North America. The species was originally classified as Parmelia sphaerosporella by Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1891, before Trevor Goward established the new genus Ahtiana in 1985, naming it after Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti. This foliose lichen is characterised by its pale yellowish-green thallus, spherical spores, laminal apothecia (fruiting bodies), and the presence of usnic and caperatic acids. It primarily grows on the bark of whitebark pine in subalpine and montane regions, though it occasionally colonises other conifers outside its preferred host's range.

Pycnidium
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales (Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped (obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospores escape.
Eva Flyvholm
Eva Flyvholm (born 18 April 1981 in Nykøbing Falster) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Red-Green Alliance political party. She was elected into parliament at the 2015 Danish general election.

Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster (IPA: [ˈnyˌkʰøˀpe̝ŋ ˈfælˀstɐ] ⓘ; originally named Nykøbing) is a city on the island of Falster in southern Denmark. It has a population of 16,682 (1 January 2025). Including the satellite town Sundby on the Lolland side, with a population of 3,246, the total population is 19,928.

Nykøbing Falster is the seat of the Guldborgsund kommune in Region Sjælland. The city lies on Falster, and is connected by the 295-metre-long (323 yd) Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund (Guldborg Strait) waterway to the island of Lolland.
Varuna (pilot boat)
The Varuna was a 19th-century Boston pilot boat, built by Montgomery & Howard at Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1890, for a group of Boston pilots. She was designed by yacht designer Edward Burgess, known for his America's Cup defenders. She was the first centerboard pilot-boat in operation in the Massachusetts Bay. The Varuna went out of service in 1912 because of the introduction of steam power into pilot-boats. She was later sold to Stephen Simmons to be used as a trading vessel between ports in the Spanish Main in 1913.

Winnisimmet Ferry
The Winnisimmet Ferry was a ferry between Chelsea, Massachusetts, United States, and Boston's North End. Founded in 1631, when Chelsea was called Winnisimmet, it was the oldest ferry in the country. It ceased operations in 1917.  The original ferry was started by Thomas Williams (alias Harris) on 18 May 1631.  After Harris' untimely death in 1634, William Stitson (who married Thomas' widow Elizabeth) took over the ferry.

The Montgomery & Howard shipyard in Chelsea, Massachusetts, built passenger steamboats, pilot boats, and ferryboats. They built for the Winnisimmet Ferry Company, Old Colony Steamship Company and the Fall River Line.

A temporary ferry service under the same name ran from May 15 to September 28, 1990, during early Big Dig construction. Privately funded and operated, it ran between Rowes Wharf in Boston and a pier in Chelsea Creek near Marginal Street.
Franz Schubert's Works
Franz Schubert's Works: Complete and Authoritative Edition (German: Franz Schubert's Werke: Kritisch durchgesehene Gesammtausgabe), also known as the Collected Edition, is a late 19th-century publication of Franz Schubert's compositions. The publication is also known as the Alte Gesamt-Ausgabe ("the former complete edition"), abbreviated as AGA, for instance in the 1978 edition of the Deutsch catalogue, in order to distinguish it from the New Schubert Edition.

Dover Publications
Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker. It primarily reissues books that are out of print from their original publishers. These are often, but not always, books in the public domain. The original published editions may be scarce or historically significant. Dover republishes these books, making them available at a significantly reduced cost.
2001 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo – Doubles
Silvia Farina Elia and Rita Grande were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Tathiana Garbin and Janette Husárová won the title by defeating María José Martínez Sánchez and Anabel Medina Garrigues 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Silvia Farina Elia
Silvia Farina-Elia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsilvja faˈriːna eˈliːa]; born 27 April 1972) is a former professional tennis player from Italy. She won three WTA singles titles, reached the quarterfinals of the 2003 Wimbledon Championships and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in May 2002. Farina-Elia won her first ITF title at Caltagirone in 1991 and her first WTA tournament at Strasbourg in 2001. She made her debut Grand Slam appearance at the 1991 French Open and was coached by husband Francesco Elia, whom she married September 1999.
Badenoch & Strathspey Ladies Shinty Club
Badenoch & Strathspey Ladies Shinty Club is a shinty club based in  the area of Badenoch and Strathspey, Highland, Scotland.

The club fields one side, in the National League. They won the Valerie Fraser Trophy in 2013 in a 3-1 win against Glasgow Mid Argyle and won it again in 2018 with a 4-1 victory against Skye Camanachd Ladies.

Badenoch
Badenoch (/ˈbædənɒx/; Scottish Gaelic: Bàideanach) is a district of the Scottish Highlands centred on the upper reaches of the River Spey, above Strathspey. The name Badenoch means the drowned land, with most of the population living close to the River Spey or its tributaries.

The area is bounded on the north by the Monadhliath Mountains, on the east by the Cairngorms and Braemar, on the south by Atholl and the Grampians, and on the west by Lochaber. The capital of Badenoch is Kingussie, although historically Ruthven was the market town, and later site of the British Army's Ruthven Barracks.
Carl Christian Møller
Carl Christian Møller (2 June 1823 – 2 April 1893) was a Danish concertmaster and composer. His father was a musician and early in his life Carl Christian was hired in the Danish Civil Artillery Music Corps and later became a musician in the 2nd Brigade Music Corps while also playing in Hans Christian Lumbye's orchestra. He participated in the First Schleswig War as a musician but from the 1850s and the rest of his life he worked as leader of different orchestras, initially travelling ensembles but in 1857-64 and 1875-85 he led the orchestra of Folketeatrets in Copenhagen. From 1875 until his death he was a popular leader of Tivoli's concert band.

Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.
Rina Kawaei
Rina Kawaei (川栄 李奈, Kawaei Rina; born February 12, 1995) is a Japanese actress and former singer, represented by Avex. She is a former member of the girl group AKB48. As an actress, she has starred in television series such as Come Come Everybody (2021) and was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 61st Blue Ribbon Awards in 2019.

Blue Ribbon Award for Best Supporting Actress
The Blue Ribbon Award for Best Supporting Actress is a prize recognizing an outstanding performance by a female supporting actress in a Japanese film. It is awarded annually by the Association of Tokyo Film Journalists as one of the Blue Ribbon Awards.
DC Universe: The Stories of Alan Moore
DC Universe: The Stories of Alan Moore (ISBN 978-1401209278) is a 2006 trade paperback collection of comic books written by Alan Moore for DC Comics from 1985 to 1988, published by Titan Books. This collection is a replacement for the earlier Across the Universe: The Stories of Alan Moore which contained all of the same stories except for "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?" and The Killing Joke (with the original coloring).

Titan Publishing Group
Titan Publishing Group is the publishing division of the British entertainment company Titan Entertainment, which was established as Titan Books in 1981. The books division has two main areas of publishing: film and television tie-ins and cinema reference books; and graphic novels and comics references and art titles. Its imprints are Titan Books, Titan Comics, Titan Magazines and Titan Manga.
Francisco Javier Castellón
Guadalupe Francisco Javier Castellón Fonseca (born 21 September 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). 
He is a native of Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit.

Castellón Fonseca holds a bachelor's degree in economics from the Autonomous University of Nayarit (1982) and a doctorate from the Autonomous University of Baja California (2006). He later served as the rector of the Autonomous University of Nayarit from 1998 to 2004.

In the 2006 general election, he was elected to Nayarit's third Senate seat for the 60th and 61st sessions of Congress, and, in 2017, he was elected municipal president of the state capital, Tepic. 
He requested a leave of absence as municipal president to contend for a seat in the Congress of Nayarit in 2021.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Guy Povey
Guy Povey (born 25 May 1960, in Birmingham) is a British auto racing driver. He presently drives a BMW M3 E36 in Production Saloons series for his own Povey Motorsport Team. He has also drove in the Britcar 24 Hour race. His previous racing includes motocross and the Uniroyal production saloon championship. Povey won back to back class titles in the BARC/Firestone prodsaloon championship in 1990 and 1991. He entered one round of the 1992 British Touring Car Championship in a BMW M3 for the Techspeed Racing team. Povey returned to Britcar in 2018 with Dave Cox in a BMW for the 2018 finale at Britcar's infamous 'Into the Night' race.

Britcar
Britcar is an endurance sports car racing and touring car racing series in the United Kingdom.

It was formed in 1997, as a result of a discussion in a Nürburgring bar between Willie Moore and James Tucker. Folklore has it that James Tucker and John Veness formed the organizing European Endurance & Racing Club (EERC) with a £10 note found on the ground.  The foremost aim was the re-introduction of a 24-hour race in Britain.

At the end of the 2015 season, James sold the Britcar rights to Hedley Cowell Events Ltd. For the 2016 season, Claire Hedley re-launched Britcar Endurance as the Dunlop Endurance Championship and Dunlop Trophy Championship. For 2020 the series was invited to support the FIA World Endurance Championship races at Spa-Francorchamps and Silverstone. The race format was 2 × 60 mins Endurance races and 2 × 50 mins Trophy races.
Born in the Echoes
Born in the Echoes is the eighth studio album by English electronic music duo the Chemical Brothers, released on 17 July 2015 by Virgin EMI Records in the United Kingdom and Astralwerks in the United States. It was their first studio album since 2010's Further. The album debuted at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, marking the duo's sixth chart topper and making them the dance act with the most number-one albums ever in the UK.

The fourth track on the album, "EML Ritual" featured on the O2 "Priority Tickets – Follow the Rabbit" television commercial released in February 2018.

Astralwerks
Astralwerks (or Astralwerks Records) is an American record label primarily focused on electronic music that is now owned by Universal Music Group. Its material is distributed via Capitol Music Group in the United States. The label was founded in 1993 and, in its early years, featured prominent British acts like The Future Sound of London, Fatboy Slim and The Chemical Brothers. In recent years, its roster has expanded to include acts like Halsey, Marshmello, Porter Robinson, Illenium, Zhu and numerous others. In 2018, Astralwerks' headquarters were moved from its original home of New York City to Los Angeles.
Alex Abreu
Alexander Abreu Vázquez (born August 14, 1991) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for Vaqueros de Bayamón of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He formerly played college basketball in Akron and West Georgia, and also in the French LNB Pro A. Standing at a height of 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m), he plays at the point guard position. Internationally, Abreu represents and plays for the Puerto Rican national team.

Vaqueros de Bayamón
The Vaqueros de Bayamón (Spanish: [baˈkeɾos ðe βaʝaˈmon]) are a professional basketball team based in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, actively participating in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). Founded in 1930, the team has been a significant participant in the development of basketball in Puerto Rico. They stage their home games at the Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum. As of 2025, the Vaqueros have secured a total of 17 BSN championships, the most in the League's history. The team also holds a league record for winning 29 games during their 1993 season. The Vaqueros de Bayamón's contributions to the BSN have been instrumental in Puerto Rico's representation in the global basketball scene.
Abraham–Minkowski controversy
The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908) and Max Abraham (1909) for this momentum. They predict different values, from which the name of the controversy derives. Experimental support has been claimed for both.

The two points of view have different physical interpretations and thus neither need be more correct than the other.
David J. Griffiths argues that, in the presence of matter, only the total stress–energy tensor carries unambiguous physical significance; how one apportions it between an "electromagnetic" part and a "matter" part depends on context and convenience.

Several papers have claimed to have resolved this controversy.

The controversy is still claimed to have importance in physics beyond the Standard Model where electrodynamics gets modifications, like in the presence of axions.

Axion
An axion (/ˈæksiɒn/) is a hypothetical elementary particle originally theorized in 1978 independently by Frank Wilczek and Steven Weinberg as the Goldstone boson of Peccei–Quinn theory, which had been proposed in 1977 to solve the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). If axions exist and have low mass within a specific range, they are of interest as a possible component of cold dark matter.
Nagorao Ghanashyam Deshpande
Nagorao Ghanashyam Deshpande (1909–2000) was a Marathi poet from Maharashtra, India.

Deshpande was born on 21 August 1909  in the town of Shendurjan in Buldhana District of Maharashtra. He died on 10 May 2000.

He lived most of his life in the town of Mehkar, also in Buldhana District. Because of his premature birth, he suffered considerable sickness through much of his life of 91 years. His brother (V G Deshpande) and cousin (Sumati Suklikar) were politicians with Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Poet Deshpande's poems have been set to music, mainly by singer-composer G N Joshi.

Deshpande received in 1986 a Sahitya Akademi award for his collection of poems Khoon Gathi.

The following are the titles of the five collections of his poems:

Sheel (1954)

Abhisar (1963)

Khoon Gathi (1985)

Gumphan (1996)

Kanchanicha Mahal (1996)

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh; lit. 'All-India People's Union') was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre, and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of the erstwhile Jan Sangh quit Janata Party after its defeat in the 1980 general election and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. In Bihar, Ramdeo Mahto considered as founding leader of Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar, because he brought BJP Into the power in Bihar, he elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency.
Wolfgang Wolff
Wolfgang Wolff (1909–1994) was a German-born, self-taught artist and textile designer whose work included painting, drawing, printmaking, and commercial textile design. His oeuvre reflects influences of German Expressionism and New Objectivity. It also documents social and cultural conditions in Germany, the United States, and particularly in Tahiti (French Polynesia), where he lived in exile from 1934 to 1948.

Santa Barbara Museum of Art
The Santa Barbara Museum of Art (SBMA) is an art museum located in downtown Santa Barbara, California, United States.

Founded in 1941, it is home to both permanent and special collections, the former of which includes Asian, American, and European art that spans 4,000 years from ancient to modern.
Principality of Beloozero
60°00′N 37°50′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°N 37.833°E﻿ / 60.000; 37.833

The Principality of Beloozero (Russian: Белозерское княжество) was a Russian principality which flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries in the Russian North. In terms of the current administrative division of Russia, the principality was located in the west of Vologda Oblast, around the south of Lake Beloye.

Its capital was Beloozero (now Belozersk), one of the five original towns mentioned in the Primary Chronicle. It was closely associated with Rostov until it became independent in 1238 during the Mongol invasions. Dmitry Donskoy secured control over Beloozero and passed it to his descendants; it was formally annexed to Moscow by Ivan III.

Rostov Veliky
Rostov Veliky  (Russian: Ростов Великий, IPA: [rɐˈstof vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj], Rostov the Great) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, 202 kilometers (126 mi) northeast of Moscow. Population: 30,406 (2021 census); 31,792 (2010 census); 34,141 (2002 census); 35,707 (1989 Soviet census).

The name of the town was officially changed to Rostov Veliky on 8 January 2025. The name of the town railway station is Rostov Yaroslavsky, due to its location in Yaroslavl Oblast.
Salzkammergut Mountains
The Salzkammergut Mountains (German: Salzkammergut-Berge) are a mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps, located in the Austrian states of Salzburg and Upper Austria. They are named after the Salzkammergut historic region, part of the Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Lower Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge
Lower Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge, part of the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge system, is a 9,451-acre (38.25 km2) area of wetlands associated with the confluence of the Hatchie River and the Forked Deer River in West Tennessee near the confluence of the Hatchie River with the Mississippi River. Located in parts of southwestern Lauderdale and northern Tipton counties, it is a rich environment for both aquatic life and waterfowl.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Naujamiestis, Panevėžys
Naujamiestis (literally "new town" in Lithuanian) is a small town in Panevėžys County, southwest of Panevėžys, on the right bank of Nevėžio, near a pine forest in northeastern Lithuania.

The monument of K. Ulianskas of 1905-1907 stands in the old cemetery of Naujamiestis. for the victims of the revolution - "Angelas", the chapel-mausoleum of the Konkulevičius family. In the neighboring village of Naujamiestis there is a cemetery of the Karaites of Naujamiestis.

During the start of winter, the town creates large straw structures in the shapes of various animals, houses, and people. At the end of the festival, thousands of people gather for the ritualistic burning of the straw village.

According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 725.

Panevėžys County
Panevėžys County (Lithuanian: Panevėžio apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the north-east of the country, and its capital is Panevėžys. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Panevėžys County remains as a territorial and statistical unit.