hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George U. Young
George Ulysses Young (February 10, 1867 – November 26, 1926) was an American businessman and politician.  Active initially in journalism, he redirected his business interests to the expansion of railroads and the promotion of mining. Politically he served as Secretary of Arizona Territory and as Mayor of Phoenix.

Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War.
Taxation in Wales
Taxation in Wales (Welsh: Trethi yng Nghymru) typically comprises payments to one or more of the three different levels of government: the UK government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs), the Welsh Government, and local government.

In the fiscal year 2017–18, total Welsh government revenue was forecast to be £27.1 billion, or 38.3 per cent of GDP, with net VAT, income tax, and National Insurance contributions standing at £15.8 billion.

The Welsh Government acquired the power to vary income tax on the 10% share it collects in 2019, however it has not opted to do so.

Local government in the United Kingdom
Local government in the United Kingdom has origins which pre-date the United Kingdom itself, as each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has its own separate system. For an overview, see Administrative geography of the United Kingdom. For details, see:

Local government in England

Local government in Northern Ireland

Local government in Scotland

Local government in Wales

For the history of local government in each country, see:

History of local government in England

History of local government in Northern Ireland

History of local government in Scotland

History of local government in Wales

For local government entities in each country, see

Category:Local authorities of England

Category:Local authorities of Northern Ireland

Category:Local authorities of Scotland

Category:Local authorities of Wales
Chŏngjagwan
Chengzhiguan , or Chŏngjagwan (Korean: 정자관; Hanja: 程子冠) is a type of kwanmo (관모; 冠帽). It is a Chinese and Korean traditional men's hat in Hanbok. It was first seen in the Five Dynasties period at the latest. In the Song Dynasty, two notable Confucian scholars, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, often wore this kind of hat, so they were also known as Cheng hats (程子冠). The system of chŏngjagwan is slightly modified following the barrel-shaped dongpo hat of the Song Dynasty. It is mainly woven with horsetail hair, and it was a hat worn by men from the yangban, the upper class of the Joseon period. It was mostly worn at home as a daily headgear instead of a gat, a formal headgear. Chŏngjagwan is made with horse hair.

Yangban
The yangban (Korean: 양반; Hanja: 兩班; IPA: [ja̠ŋba̠n]) were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon period. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil officials and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants, as well as country families who claimed such descent, were socially accepted as yangban.

In contemporary Korean language, the term yangban can be used either as a compliment or insult.
South Fremont High School
South Fremont High School is a four-year public secondary school in St. Anthony, Idaho, United States. It is one of two high schools in the Fremont Joint School District #215, the other being North Fremont High School located in nearby Ashton. The school colors are red and black and the mascot is a cougar. They are classified as a 3A school. The school excels in many programs, including athletics and music.

School colors
School colors, also known as university colors or college colors, are the colors chosen by a school, academy, college, university or institute as part of its brand identity, used on building signage, web pages, branded apparel, and the uniforms of sports teams. They can promote connection to the school, known as "school spirit", and help differentiate it from other institutions.
Rothschild
Rothschild (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːt.ʃɪlt]) is a name derived from the German zum rothen Schild (with the old spelling "th"), meaning "at the red shield", in reference to the houses where these family members lived or had lived. At the time, houses were designated by signs with different symbols or colors, not numbers. The name Rothschild in Yiddish means "red coat" (coat as in heraldic coat of arms). The Rothschild banking family's coat of arms features in the center of its heraldry a red shield.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild (23 February 1743 or 1744 – 19 September 1812; also spelled Anschel) was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty, which dominated international finance in Europe between the 1820s and the 1870s. Referred to as a "founding father of international finance", Rothschild was ranked seventh on the Forbes magazine list of "The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen of All Time" in 2005.
Vallner
Vallner is an Estonian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Artur Vallner (1887–1939), Estonian educator and politician

Karl Andre Vallner (born 1998), Estonian footballer

Siiri Vallner (born 1972), Estonian architect

Artur Vallner
Artur Vallner (18 October 1887 Tallinn – 1939 (or 4 November 1937)) was an Estonian educator and politician.

In 1917 he was Chairman of Estonian Provincial Assembly. Vallner was executed during the Great Purge.
Jászság
Jászság ("Jaszygia", Latin: Jazigia) is a historical, ethnographical and geographical region in Hungary. Its 1,161 km2 (448 sq mi) territory is situated in the north-western part of the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The main town in the region is Jászberény. Jászság is inhabited by the Jassic people, an Iranian ethnic group whose linguistic base is preserved by the Ossetians. The population of the region is around 85,000.

Jász–Nagykun–Szolnok County
Jász–Nagykun–Szolnok (Hungarian: Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok vármegye, pronounced [ˈjaːs ˈnɒckun ˈsolnok]) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in Hungary. It lies in central Hungary and shares borders with the Hungarian counties Pest, Heves, Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén, Hajdú–Bihar, Békés, Csongrád, and Bács–Kiskun. The rivers Tisza and Körös flow through the county. The capital of Jász–Nagykun–Szolnok county is Szolnok. Its area is 5582 km2. The county is named after the Ossetians (Jasz) and Cumans (Kun) who settled there, along with Szolnok. The county was part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion between 1997 and 2004.
D-Notice
In the United Kingdom, D-Notices, officially known since 2015 as DSMA-Notices (Defence and Security Media Advisory Notices), are official requests to news editors not to publish or broadcast items on specified subjects for reasons of national security.

DSMA-Notices were originally called Defence Notices (abbreviated to D-Notice) from their inception in 1912 to 1993, and DA-Notices (Defence Advisory Notices) from 1993 until the mid-2010s.

A similar D-Notice system was previously operational in Australia, but has fallen into disuse. Sweden maintained a similar "gray notice" system during World War II, as described below.

The Capture (TV series)
The Capture is a British mystery thriller series created, written and directed by Ben Chanan. The main cast includes Holliday Grainger, Ginny Holder, Ben Miles, Lia Williams, and Ron Perlman.

The series premiered on BBC One on 3 September 2019, and received positive reviews from critics. It was announced in June 2020 that a second series had been commissioned. The second series began airing on BBC One in the UK on 28 August 2022. It also premiered on Peacock in the US on 3 November 2022. The third series is slated to premiere on BBC One in the UK on 8 March 2026.
Girihandu Seya
Girihandu Seya (also known as Nithupathpana Vihara) is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Thiriyai, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. The temple is supposed to be the first Buddhist Stupa in Sri Lanka, believed to be constructed by two seafaring merchants Trapusa and Bahalika. The names of the two merchants are recorded in a rock inscription found in the Vihara premises. According to the inscription, Girihandu Seya was built by the guilds of merchants named Trapassuka and Vallika where the names are written as Tapassu and Bhalluka in later Sinhala chronicles. Some scholars also hold the view that Mahayana influenced seafaring merchants from the Pallava Kingdom were responsible for the construction of this temple.

The Stupa in the Vihara is highly venerated by the people, as it is believed to contain the hair relics of Buddha. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Martha Longhurst
Martha Longhurst is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. She was played by Lynne Carol from the show's inception in 1960, from the second episode until the character's death in 1964.

Jerold Wells
Jerold Wells (8 August 1908 – 19 July 1999) was an English actor. He was born in Wallington, Hampshire, and died in Bath, Somerset.

He appeared primarily in British comedies. Films included Adventures of a Plumber's Mate and the TV-made 'Carry On Kitchener'. Two of his best-known roles were in Time Bandits, where he played Benson, a mentally disturbed follower of Evil, and in Jabberwocky, in which he played a footless man known as "Wat Dabney". He also appeared on television, in The Two Ronnies, Coronation Street, The Old Curiosity Shop, Catweazle and The Benny Hill Show.
Kendall Cottage
The Kendall Cottage is a historic house on Breed Road in Harrisville, New Hampshire. Built in 1798, it is a well-preserved example of an early Cape-style hill country farmhouse, and one of a small number of surviving 18th-century buildings in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Harrisville, New Hampshire
Harrisville is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. Besides the town center, it also includes the villages of Chesham and Eastview. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 984.

It is a preserved 19th-century mill town located in the Monadnock region of southern New Hampshire. There are nine bodies of water in the town, many back roads and trails to explore, and two original train depots at Harrisville and Chesham.
Bell's sparrow
Bell's sparrow (Artemisiospiza belli) is a medium-sized sparrow of the western United States and northwestern Mexico. It used to be placed in the genus Amphispiza, but recent evidence suggested it be placed in its own genus.

Four populations are resident to the west: subspecies canescens breeds in south-central California, the dark nominate subspecies belli in the California Coast Ranges and part of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada south to about 29°N in Baja California, the equally dark subspecies clementeae limited to San Clemente Island, and subspecies cinerea in western Baja California from 29°N to 26°45′N. The AOU now considers Bell's sparrow a separate species, formerly grouped with the sagebrush sparrow, and together previously known as the sage sparrow.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Olympic-class container ship
The Olympic class is a series of six container ships built for Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). The ships have a maximum theoretical capacity of 19,224 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). The ships were built by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME).

Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Oak Ridge Pioneers
The Oak Ridge Pioneers were a Minor League Baseball team that played in the Class C Mountain States League in 1954. They were located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and played their home games at Ridgeview Park. Bert Niehoff, a former Major League Baseball second baseman, served as the Pioneers' manager and general manager.

Oak Ridge lost its season opener on April 24 to the Maryville-Alcoa Twins, 6–1, before 2,800 people in attendance at Ridgeview Park. They won the next night on the road, defeating the Twins, 5–4. The Pioneers were one of three teams in the eight-team circuit still playing when the league disbanded on July 20. They compiled a win–loss record of 35–43 (.449), placing sixth out of seven teams, in their only season of competition.

Bert Niehoff
John Albert Niehoff (May 13, 1884 – September 8, 1974) was an American second baseman in Major League Baseball who played for four clubs from the 1913 to 1918 seasons. He batted and threw right-handed.
Santiago del Valle
Santiago del Valle was a Mexican hacendado and government official for Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) during the Texas Revolution. Del Valle obtained a land grant from the Mexican government, which led to the founding of Galveston, Texas and several towns in Travis County, including Del Valle, which is named in his honor. In 1825, he served as president of the Congreso Constituyente of the state of Coahuila y Tejas, counselor to governor Victor Blanco, and as the arbitrator in a feud between the Sánchez Navarro and Elizondo families.

Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate—land or its use privileges—made by a government or other authority as an incentive, means of enabling works, or as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service. Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies as incentives to develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries; the process of awarding land grants are not limited to the countries named below. The United States historically gave out numerous land grants as homesteads to individuals desiring to make a farm. The American Industrial Revolution was guided by many supportive acts of legislatures (for example, the Main Line of Public Works legislation of 1863) promoting commerce or transportation infrastructure development by private companies, such as the Cumberland Road turnpike, the Lehigh Canal, the Schuylkill Canal and the many railroads that tied the young United States together.
Church of Alibeglo
St. Nino Church of Alibeglo (Georgian: ალიბეგლოს წმინდა ნინოს ეკლესია) is a Georgian Orthodox Church located in Qakh District, northwestern Azerbaijan, on the border with Georgia. The last time it was renovated by the local community was in the period of the reintroduction of Christianity in Hereti (Saingilo), between 1850-1855. The church is of kuppelhalle (domed rectangle) type with a projecting apse and an elongated west arm. The church has a bell-tower to its west.

Kingdom of Hereti
The Kingdom of Hereti (Georgian: ჰერეთის სამეფო, romanized: heretis samepo) was a medieval Georgian monarchy which emerged in Caucasus on the Iberian-Albanian frontier. Nowadays it roughly corresponds to the southeastern corner of Georgia's Kakheti region and a portion of Azerbaijan's northwestern districts.

According to traditional accounts, the name of the province originated from the legendary patriarch "Heros", the son of Thargamos, who founded the city of Hereti (later known as Khoranta) at the Alazani River.
Anse-Rouge Airport
Anse-Rouge Airport  is an airstrip 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northwest of Anse-Rouge, a coastal town in the department of Artibonite, Haiti. Google Earth Historical Imagery shows the airstrip was constructed sometime between June 2000 and September 2003.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Deslauriers
Deslauriers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Éric Deslauriers (born 1981), Canadian football player

Hermas Deslauriers (1879–1941), Canadian politician

Jacques Deslauriers (1928-2018), Canadian ice hockey player

Jean Deslauriers (1909–1978), Canadian conductor, violinist and composer

Jeff Deslauriers (born 1984), Canadian ice hockey player

Marcel Deslauriers (1905–1988), Canadian draughts player

Michèle Deslauriers (born 1946), Canadian actress

Nicolas Deslauriers (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey player

Michèle Deslauriers
Michèle Deslauriers (born January 17, 1946) is a Canadian actress.

She is the wife of actor Sébastien Dhavernas and the mother of actress Caroline Dhavernas and voice actress Gabrielle Dhavernas. She provides the voice announcing stops, service interruptions, and special messages for the Montreal Metro.
Larry LeSueur
Laurence Edward LeSueur (June 10, 1909 – February 5, 2003) was an American journalist and a war correspondent during World War II. He worked closely with Edward R. Murrow and was one of the original Murrow Boys.

Audio file format
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression. The data can be a raw bitstream in an audio coding format, but it is usually embedded in a container format or an audio data format with a defined storage layer.
United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (in case citations, S.D. Fla. or S.D. Fl.) is the federal United States district court with territorial jurisdiction over the southern part of the state of Florida.

Appeals from cases brought in the Southern District of Florida are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.
Holozonia
Holozonia is a North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains only one known species Holozonia filipes, which is known by the common name whitecrown. It is endemic to California.

Holozonia filipes is a scraggly rhizomatous perennial herb growing a hairy, glandular, branching stem 30 centimeters (1 foot) to 1.5 meters (5 feet) long. The lower stem is gray-green and the upper stem branches are green to red in color. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long and covered in resin glands. They are arranged oppositely on the lower part of the stem. The flower heads appear at the ends of the stem branches in a loose inflorescence. Each head has layers of sticky, hairy phyllaries. The ray florets are each divided into long lobes and are white in color. The disc florets are white with large purple anthers.

Gland (botany)
In plants, a gland is defined functionally as a plant structure which secretes one or more products.  This may be located on or near the plant surface and secrete externally, or be internal to the plant and secrete into a canal or reservoir.  Examples include glandular hairs, nectaries, hydathodes, and the resin canals in Pinus.
Aldershot narrow-gauge suspension railway
The Aldershot narrow-gauge suspension railway was built in 1872 as an innovative experimental railway at Aldershot Camp in Hampshire, England. It had a gauge of 18 in (457 mm) and incorporated the suspension principle, invented and patented by John Barraclough Fell.

Minimum-gauge railway
Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include:

15 in (381 mm)

400 mm (15+3⁄4 in)

16 in (406 mm)

18 in (457 mm)

19 in (483 mm)

500 mm (19+3⁄4 in)

20 in (508 mm)

These railways have been developed for applications such as estate transport, mining, agriculture, and amusement parks, offering an economical and adaptable solution for restricted environments.
Kaprijke
Kaprijke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɑprɛikə]) is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Kaprijke proper and Lembeke. In  2021, Kaprijke had a total population of 6,508.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.