hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Association of the Congo
2°52′48″S 23°39′22″E﻿ / ﻿2.88°S 23.656°E﻿ / -2.88; 23.656

The International Association of the Congo (French: Association internationale du Congo), also known as the International Congo Society, was an association founded on 17 November 1879 by Leopold II of Belgium to further his interests in the Congo. It replaced the Belgian Committee for Studies of the Upper Congo (Comité d'Études du Haut-Congo) which was part of the International African Association front organisation created for the exploitation of the Congo. The goals of the International Congo Society was to establish control of the Congo Basin and to exploit its economic resources. The Berlin Conference recognised the society as sovereign over the territories it controlled and on August 1, 1885, i.e. four and half months after the closure of the Berlin Conference, King Leopold's Vice-Administrator General in the Congo, announced that the society and the territories it occupied were henceforth called "the Congo Free State".

Front organization
A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization that acts for the parent group without the actions being attributed to the parent group, thereby allowing them to hide certain activities from the authorities or the public.
Autism with port-wine stain syndrome
Autism with port-wine stain syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by the unilateral presence of a port-wine stain, autism/autistic-like behaviour that is associated with social awkwardness, developmental delays, and language/speech delay, and epilepsy. Additional findings include generalized cerebral glucose hypometabolism. It has been described in four un-related children.

Port-wine stain
A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine, a fortified red wine from Portugal.

A port-wine stain is a capillary malformation, seen at birth. Port-wine stains persist throughout life. The area of skin affected grows in proportion to general growth.

Port-wine stains occur most often on the face but can appear anywhere on the body, particularly on the neck, upper trunk, arms and legs. Early stains are usually flat and pink in appearance. As the child matures, the color may deepen to a dark red or purplish color. In adulthood, thickening of the lesion or the development of small lumps may occur.

Port-wine stains may be part of a syndrome such as Sturge–Weber syndrome or Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome.
European Formula 5000 Championship
The European Formula 5000 Championship was a motor racing series for Formula 5000 cars held annually from 1969 to 1975. It was organized in the United Kingdom by the British Racing and Sports Car Club with each championship also including rounds held at European circuits.

The championship was first run in 1969 as the Guards Formula 5000 Championship. Various sponsorship and name changes followed, with the series run as the Guards European Formula 5000 Championship in 1970, the Rothmans F5000 European Championship in 1971 and 1972, the Rothmans 5000 European Championship in 1973 and 1974 and finally as the ShellSport 5000 European Championship in 1975.

The series was replaced by the Shellsport International Series in 1976 with Formula One, Formula Two and Formula Atlantic cars also eligible to compete.

British Racing and Sports Car Club
The British Racing and Sports Car Club (BRSCC) is one of the major organisers of motorsport events in the United Kingdom. It is currently based in Wheatley, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. The club currently runs around thirty circuit racing championships for cars as diverse as Citroën, BMWs and Mazda. Formed in Bristol in August 1946 as the 500 Club, the organisation changed its name to the BRSCC in 1954 and now has its headquarters in Wheatley, Oxford.
Podkoren 3
Podkoren 3 is a black World Cup technical ski course in Slovenia, located on Vitranc mountain in Podkoren, Kranjska Gora. When it debuted over 42 years ago in December 1983, it was in Yugoslavia, and was constructed by Peter Lakota, a successful Slovenian ski racer.

It has been hosting slalom and giant slalom for the Vitranc Cup (Pokal Vitranc) since then. It replaced previous slopes; Bukovniški smuk (1961–70) and old gas station slope (1971–83).

With a 59% incline at the start of giant slalom, it is the ski slope with the steepest part in Slovenia. It is located close to Planica and Rateče (near the Italian and Austrian borders).

This slope is considered one of the top three hardest giant slaloms in the world, along with Alta Badia (ITA) and Adelboden (SUI).

The slope is part of "Podkoren I" section, one of four, right in the middle of Kranjska Gora Ski Resort.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Karim Hafez
Karim Hafez Ramadan Seifeldin (Arabic: كَرِيم حَافِظ رَمَضَان سَيْف الدِّين; born 12 March 1996) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Egyptian Premier League club Pyramids and the Egyptian national team as a left-back.

Pyramids FC
Pyramids Football Club (Arabic: نادي بيراميدز لكرة القدم or نادي الأهرام لكرة القدم) is an Egyptian professional football club based in New Cairo, Cairo Governorate, The club is mainly known for its professional team, that competes in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system. Formed in 2008 as Al Assiouty Sport in Assiut, the club was bought and moved to Cairo by Turki Al-Sheikh in 2018. Later on, Salem Al Shamsi purchased the club in July 2019.
Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama (Hebrew: כְּפַר כַּמָא, Arabic: كفر كما, Adyghe: Кфар Кама) is a Circassian town located in the Lower Galilee of Israel's northern district, located along road 767, that leads from Kfar Tavor to the Kinneret. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Rehaniya. The residents of the town are descended from Shapsug tribe exiles from Circassia. In 2008, the town had a population of 2,900.

Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, Arabic: بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake  or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel and the Golan Heights. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide. Its area is 166.7 km2 (64.4 sq mi) at its fullest, and its maximum depth is approximately 43 metres (141 ft). The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south with the outflow controlled by the Degania Dam.
Equivocal
Equivocal is the grammatical quality of ambiguity due to a term's having multiple meanings.  It is the latin translation of the greek adjective "homonymous".

Equivocation, in logic, a fallacy from using a phrase in multiple senses

Equivocal generation, in biology, the disproven theory of spontaneous generation from a host organism

Equivocation
In logic, equivocation ("calling two different things by the same name") is an informal fallacy resulting in the failure to define one's terms, or knowingly and deliberately using words in a different sense than the one the audience will understand.

It is a type of ambiguity that stems from a phrase having two or more distinct meanings, not from the grammar or structure of the sentence.
Detective Van Zwam
Detective Van Zwam is a Flemish comics character in the Belgian comics series The Adventures of Nero by Marc Sleen. He is a brilliant detective and able to find clues from even the tiniest of evidence.

Van Zwam was originally the main protagonist and the series was named after him, but after ten stories his more popular sidekick, Nero, became the main protagonist instead. Since then Van Zwam was recast as a side character.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
I Spy (2002 TV series)
I Spy is an American stop-motion and claymation television series that aired on the HBO Family digital pay-TV channel in the United States from December 14, 2002 to September 21, 2003, based on the children's book series created and written by Jean Marzollo and Walter Wick. Produced by The Ink Tank in season 1 and JWL Entertainment Productions in season 2 and Scholastic Entertainment, the show lasted for two seasons and 52 episodes.

Jean Marzollo
Jean Marzollo (June 24, 1942 – April 10, 2018) was an American children's author and illustrator. She wrote more than 100 books, including the best-selling and award-winning I Spy series for children, written completely in rhythm and rhyme.
Graves Park (ward)
53°20′20″N 1°27′50″W﻿ / ﻿53.339°N 1.464°W﻿ / 53.339; -1.464

Graves Park ward—which includes the districts of Norton, Norton Lees, Norton Woodseats, and Woodseats—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is located in the southern part of the city and covers an area of 5.8 km2. The population of this ward in 2011 was 16,705 people in 7,464 households. It is one of the five wards that form the Sheffield Heeley parliamentary constituency in the House of Commons. The districts of this ward were in the historic county of Derbyshire, but they have now been absorbed into the metropolitan borough of Sheffield, thus placing them in the ceremonial county of South Yorkshire.

The ward is named after Graves Park, a large park located between Woodseats and Norton. This 248 acre (1 km2) park is the largest in Sheffield, and was presented to the city by J. G. Graves in 1925.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
John Bass (baseball)
John Elias Bass (July 22, 1848 – September 25, 1888) was an American professional baseball player who played shortstop in the major leagues from 1871-1877. He played for the Cleveland Forest Citys, Brooklyn Atlantics, and Hartford Dark Blues.

In 1871, he led the National Association in triples with ten.

Bass served in Company F of the 1st New York Cavalry Regiment during the American Civil War. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery in Denver, Colorado.

National Association of Professional Base Ball Players
The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP), often known simply as the National Association (NA), was the first fully-professional sports league in baseball. The NA was founded in 1871 and continued through the 1875 season. It incorporated several professional clubs from the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) of 1857–1870, sometimes called "the amateur Association". In turn, several NA clubs created the succeeding National League of Professional Baseball Clubs (the National League, founded 1876), which joined with the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs (the American League, founded 1901) in the National Agreement of 1903, a "peace pact" that recognized each other as legitimate "major leagues". Following nearly a century of cooperation, the two leagues eventually merged into one organization in 2000 as Major League Baseball (MLB).
A.D. Nogueirense
Associação Desportiva Nogueirense is a Portuguese sports club from Nogueira do Cravo, Oliveira do Hospital.

The men's football team plays in the Honra A AF Coimbra. The team won the Honra AF Coimbra in 2009–10, leading to two seasons in the Terceira Divisão before a long stint on the third tier. First in the 2012–13 Segunda Divisão, then after the league changed its name to the CNS and then CDP, Nogueirense were relegated from the 2018–19 Campeonato de Portugal.

2018–19 Campeonato de Portugal
The 2018–19 Campeonato de Portugal was the sixth season of Portuguese football's new third-tier league, since the merging of the Segunda Divisão and Terceira Divisão in 2013, and the fourth season under the current Campeonato de Portugal title. A total of 72 teams competed in this division, which began in August 2018 and ended in June 2019.
Kokko and Rector Model
The Kokko and Rector model is a theory explaining the mechanism of generation of a gradient in the inner medulla of the kidney. Unlike earlier theories explaining the mechanism using counter current mechanism (as is the case in the outer medulla), the driving force for salt reabsorption is stated to be urea accumulation. It has been proved that counter current mechanism cannot be the case in the inner medulla, since there are no salt pumps, and the cell membrane is too permeable to salt.

Semipermeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane is a type of synthetic or biologic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size, solubility, properties, or chemistry. How the membrane is constructed to be selective in its permeability will determine the rate and the permeability. Many natural and synthetic materials which are rather thick are also semipermeable. One example of this is the thin film on the inside of an egg.

Biological membranes are selectively permeable, with the passage of molecules controlled by facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport regulated by proteins embedded in the membrane.
Sharon Knight (musician)
Sharon Knight is a San Francisco-based neopagan composer, singer, and multi-instrumentalist known for writing, recording, and performing Celtic fusion music she calls Neofolk Romantique. She also records and performs harder edged music with Middle Eastern themes as the front-person of the pagan rock/folk metal group Pandemonaeon. Knight is the co-owner of Trance Jam Records.

Neofolk
Neofolk (originally known as apocalyptic folk) is a music genre that originally emerged during the 1980s through the British post-punk and industrial music scene. It is primarily characterized by acoustic instrumentation and draws influences from dark wave and post-industrial styles such as dark ambient.
Richard May (politician)
Richard May (c. 1638 – 1713), of the Middle Temple and Grey Friars, Chichester, Sussex, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chichester on 6 November 1673, March 1679 and 1685.

Chichester
Chichester (/ˈtʃɪtʃɪstər/ ⓘ CHITCH-ist-ər) is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is the only city in West Sussex and is its county town. It was a Roman and Anglo-Saxon settlement and a major market town from those times through Norman and medieval times to the present day. It is the seat of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester and is home to a 12th-century cathedral.

The city has two main watercourses: the Chichester Canal and the River Lavant. The Lavant, a winterbourne, runs to the south of the city walls; it is hidden mostly in culverts when close to the city centre.
Elisa Marina Alvarado
Elisa Marina Alvarado is an American director, actress, educator, social worker, practitioner of traditional Mexican medicine, and dancer. Born in San Jose, California, Elisa Alvarado is a director and community organizer of Purépecha and Cuban descent. She was the founder and long-time Artistic Director of the San Jose-based Chicano Teatro Visión theater company. Teatro Visión is a Chicano theater company in the Latino theater scene, known especially for adapting classic Mexican novels and films for the stage. She is currently invested in two theater programs Codices and the Instituto de Teatro, which produce new works by Latino playwrights and offer comprehensive training in culture-based theater.

Latino theater in the United States
Latino theater presents a wide range of aesthetic approaches, dramatic structures, and themes, ranging from love, romance, immigration, border politics, nation building, incarceration, and social justice. Whether of a linguistic, ethnic, political, cultural or sexual nature, the plays often have a social justice component involving Latino people living in the United States. The Oxcart by René Marqués, Marisol by José Rivera, and In the Heights by Lin-Manuel Miranda are examples of staged Broadway plays. There is also a strong tradition of Latino avant-garde and absurdist theater, which double as political satires; prime examples include The Masses are Asses by Pedro Pietri and United States of Banana by Giannina Braschi.

Spanish language theater companies and in Latino theater festivals in the United States present Spanish, Spanglish, English language plays in major American cities, including New York, Chicago, Tucson, Seattle, Denver.
Level spreader
A level spreader is an erosion control device designed to reduce water pollution by mitigating the impact of high-velocity stormwater surface runoff.  It is used both on construction sites and for permanent applications such as drainage for roads and highways. The device reduces the energy level in high-velocity flow by converting it into sheet flow, and disperses the discharged water so that it may be infiltrated into soil.

Level spreaders may be used in conjunction with runoff infiltration devices such as bioretention systems, infiltration basins and percolation trenches.

Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences. The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration. It is most often measured in meters per day but can also be measured in other units of distance over time if necessary.  The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier.

Infiltrometers, parameters and rainfall simulators are all devices that can be used to measure infiltration rates.

Infiltration is caused by multiple factors including; gravity, capillary forces, absorption, and osmosis. Many soil characteristics can also play a role in determining the rate at which infiltration occurs. When it rains, excess water can drain through the soil at macropores.
Roonghan
Roonghan is located northwest of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. It is home to the Balochi-speaking Leghari tribe. The area is characterised by its mountainous terrain, with Yek Bhai as its most prominent peak. Roonghan includes essential facilities, such as a government hospital and a boys' high school in Manhi.

Yek Bhai
Yakbai Top (or Yek Bhai) is the highest peak in the Sulaiman Mountain in west of Dera Ghazi Khan District of Punjab, Pakistan. Located near Fort Munro and accessible from Sakhi Sarwar, it stands at an elevation of 7,400 feet above sea level. From its summit, it is possible to see both Punjab and Balochistan.
Henry Franklin (cricketer)
Henry William Fernehough Franklin (30 June 1901 – 25 May 1985) was an English cricketer and school headmaster.

Franklin was educated at Christ's Hospital and Christ Church, Oxford. After graduating he taught at Radley College 1924–27 and at Rugby School 1927–39. He was headmaster of Epsom College 1940–62. He was a member of the Advertising Standards Authority 1962–67.

He played cricket for Oxford University, Surrey and Essex between 1921 and 1931. He also played rugby for Oxford University and Barbarians.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Sri Lanka women's cricket team in India in 2013–14
The Sri Lanka women's national cricket team toured India in January 2014. They played India in three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), losing the ODI series 3–0 but winning the T20I series 2–1.

Sneh Rana (cricketer)
Sneh Rana (born 18 February 1994) is an Indian international cricketer. She plays for the women's national team as a right-arm off break bowler and a right-handed batter. Rana represents Railways in domestic cricket and Delhi Capitals in the Women's Premier League. She was part of the Indian team that won the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup and 2022 Women's Asia Cup.
Legends (Gary Williams album)
Legends is the eleventh album from jazz vocalist Gary Williams. Recorded at Kenilworth Studios in 2019, it is a tribute to the stars of Las Vegas including Tom Jones, Elvis Presley and The Rat Pack. It was recorded with big band and a jazz combo.

Writing about the album, the Grimsby Telegraph said that Leslie Bricusse "has become a great fan of Gary’s voice" and quoted him saying: "Songs like these make you want the ghosts of Mel Tormé and Matt Monro to come back and sing them. Until they do, Gary Williams is their worthy guardian. Michael Buble please note!"

Nick Wakeman reviewing for Musical Theatre Review gave the album 5 stars and said: "Williams is a consummate cabaret artist whose delivery is immaculate. These aren’t carbon copies of the original, he doesn’t try to be Sinatra or Martin but gives his own interpretation. Sometimes that could go too far but he always manages to reign it in and keep the essence of the original – which is very clever."

Grimsby Telegraph
The Grimsby Telegraph is a daily British regional newspaper for the town of Grimsby and the surrounding area that makes up North East Lincolnshire including the rural towns of Market Rasen and Louth. The main area for the paper's distribution is in or around Grimsby and Cleethorpes. It is published six days a week (daily except Sundays) with a free sister paper (Grimsby Target) being published once per week.