hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chronique romane
The Chronique romane ("romance chronicle") or Chronicle of Montpellier (French: Chronique de Montpellier) is an Old Occitan and Middle French chronicle of the city of Montpellier. The Chronique was probably made for the use of town officials, who would have wanted a record of local history for help in administration and in forging civic pride. The recording of town officials, such as council members, was also important, and in two manuscripts the Chronique is found along with the Charte de 1204, a compilation of local customary law. Its annalistic format was typical of civic chronicles of the same period.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Sangju Ju clan
Sangju Joo clan (Korean: 상주 주씨; Hanja: 尙州 周氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Sangju, North Gyeongsang Province. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Sangju Joo clan's family was 5631, and the number of Sangju Joo clan was 18147. Their founder was Joo Yi who was naturalized in Silla from Tang dynasty. Neungju Joo clan, Sangju Joo clan, Cheonan Joo clan, Chorwon Joo clan, and Chogye Joo clan was originally the same clan before they divided from Joo Yi, and all of them were naturalized in Silla from Tang dynasty.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
Bayesian persuasion
In economics and game theory, Bayesian persuasion occurs when one participant (the sender) wants to persuade the other (the receiver) of a certain course of action. There is an unknown state of the world, and the sender must commit to a decision of what information to disclose to the receiver. Upon seeing said information, the receiver will revise their belief about the state of the world using Bayes' rule and select an action. Bayesian persuasion was introduced by Kamenica and Gentzkow.

Bayesian persuasion is a special case of a principal–agent problem: the principal is the sender and the agent is the receiver. It can also be seen as a communication protocol, comparable to signaling games; the sender must decide what signal to reveal to the receiver to maximize their expected utility. It can also be seen as a form of cheap talk, where the sender has the commitment power.

Cheap talk
In game theory, cheap talk is a communication framework between players where messages do not directly affect the payoffs of the game. Providing and receiving information is free. This is in contrast to signalling, in which sending certain messages may be costly for the sender depending on the state of the world.

This basic setting set by Vincent Crawford and Joel Sobel has given rise to a variety of variants.

To give a formal definition, cheap talk is communication that is:

costless to transmit and receive

non-binding (i.e. does not limit strategic choices by either party)

unverifiable (i.e. cannot be verified by a third party like a court)

Therefore, an agent engaging in cheap talk could lie with impunity, but may choose in equilibrium not to do so.
End (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the ends of a topological space are, roughly speaking, the connected components of the "ideal boundary" of the space.  That is, each end represents a topologically distinct way to move to infinity within the space.  Adding a point at each end yields a compactification of the original space, known as the end compactification.

The notion of an end of a topological space was introduced by Hans Freudenthal (1931).

Inverse limit
In mathematics, an inverse limit (also called a projective limit) is a construction that allows one to "glue together" several related objects, the precise gluing process being specified by morphisms between the objects. Inverse limits can be defined in any category, although their existence depends on the category that is considered. They are a special case of the concept of a limit in category theory.

By working in the dual category—that is, by reversing the arrows—an inverse limit becomes a direct limit or inductive limit, and a limit becomes a colimit.
Willie Johnston
William McClure Johnston (born 19 December 1946) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He played over 600 games in a 20 year senior playing career. His 5 Rangers major trophy wins included him scoring 2 goals when winning the 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup final. Johnston also played for Hakoah Sydney, West Bromwich Albion, Vancouver Whitecaps, Birmingham City, Heart of Midlothian, South China AA and East Fife. With the Whitecaps he was part of the Soccer Bowl '79 winning team. His 22 full Scotland caps included against Peru at the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He was sent home from the competition early after subsequently testing positive for Reactivan in that game.

East Fife F.C.
East Fife Football Club is a semi-professional football club established in 1903 in Methil, Fife, Scotland. They are members of the Scottish Professional Football League and compete in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish football league system.

The club were the first to win the Scottish League Cup three times and the first of only two sides from the second tier of the Scottish league system to win the Scottish Cup. This makes them the most successful club in Fife in terms of major honours won.

East Fife are one of four SPFL clubs based in Fife, but are the only one to bear the name of the area. The three others are Dunfermline Athletic, Kelty Hearts and the Kirkcaldy-based Raith Rovers (Cowdenbeath play in the Lowland Football League), all of whom have historically shared rivalries with East Fife.
Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps (LRGC; Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya), also known as the Jamahiriyyah Guard, was a paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011. Composed of 4,000 men hand-picked from Gaddafi's tribal group in the Sirte region, the Guard was well armed, being provided with T-54 and T-62 tanks, APCs, MRLs, SA-8 SAMs and ZSU-23-4 anti-aircraft guns taken from the army inventory. As of 2005, its commander was Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi, a cousin of the former Libyan leader.

Killing of Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Gaddafi, the former leader of Libya, was killed by the National Transitional Council (NTC) on 20 October 2011 after the Battle of Sirte. Gaddafi was captured by NTC forces and summarily executed shortly afterwards.

The NTC initially claimed Gaddafi succumbed to injuries sustained in a firefight when loyalist forces attempted to free him, although a video of his last moments shows rebel fighters dragging Gaddafi out of a drainage pipe, beating him and one of them sodomizing him with a bayonet before he was shot several times.

The killing of Gaddafi was criticized as a violation of international law. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch called for an independent autopsy and an investigation into how Gaddafi died.
Reggae Greats: Lee "Scratch" Perry
Reggae Greats: Lee "Scratch" Perry is a 1984 Island Records compilation album featuring Lee "Scratch" Perry. It focuses mainly on his work as a producer/composer rather than a singer. Perry only sings on three of the songs. All of the tracks are from the period between 1976 and 1979, and were recorded at Perry's Black Ark studio. The album is generally considered a good introduction to Perry's Black Ark work, and is often chosen as the best single album by Perry, but with tracks drawn from Perry's popular late 1970s albums, it has also been described as "not essential" and containing "no surprises".

The Heptones
The Heptones are a Jamaican rocksteady and reggae vocal trio most active in the 1960s and early 1970s. They were one of the more significant trios of that era, and played a major role in the gradual transition between ska and rocksteady into reggae with their three-part harmonies. The Heptones were contemporaries of the Wailers and the Maytals, and every bit their equal in the mid-1960s.
Ingawa
Ingawa is a Local Government Area in Katsina State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Ingawa.

It has an area of 892 km2 and a population of 169,753 at the 2006 census. And the current chairman of the local government is Alhaji Labaran Magaji and the Emir (Sarki) of the district is Alhaji Babangida Sule Abubakar Dambo Sarkin Fulani Dambo.

The postal code of the area is 823.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
2000 Illinois Democratic presidential primary
The 2000 Illinois Democratic presidential primary took place on March 21, 2000, the third primary Tuesday of the month, as the only state voting on that day in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2000 presidential election. The Illinois primary was an open primary, with the state awarding 190 delegates to the 2000 Democratic National Convention, of which 161 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the primary.

Vice president Al Gore was the winner of the Illinois primary. Gore was victorious in all counties winning almost 85% of the vote and 149 delegates, while senator Bill Bradley received the rest of 14% and 12 delegates. Together with his previous victories on Mini Tuesday in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas, Gore greatly expanded the gap in delegates between him and Bradley.

2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 24 to June 6, 2000, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 2000 United States presidential election. Incumbent Vice President Al Gore was  selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 2000 Democratic National Convention held from August 14 to 17, 2000, in Los Angeles, California, but he went on to lose the Electoral College in the general election against Governor George W. Bush held on November 7 of that year, despite winning the popular vote by 0.5%.
Paschalis Tountouris
Paschalis Tountouris (born 25 April 1978) is known as the most successful FIFA agent in Greece. Tountouris is the owner of Prosport, voted as Agency of the Year in Greece in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Founded in 2004 and successfully concluded over 300 football transfers around the world. Tountouris represents a number of well known players and coaches including former Greek Captain Giorgos Karagounis, Greek Internationals Konstantinos Tsimikas, Anastasios Douvikas, Dimitrios Kourbelis, Anastasios Chatzigiovanis upcoming stars Konstantinos Koulierakis and Sotiris Alexandropoulos, South African stars Andile Jali and Bernard Parker, Zimbabwean Captain Knowledge Musona, manager Giannis Anastasiou and others.

Nasief Morris
Mogammat Nasief Morris (born 16 April 1981) is a South African former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He left his country in 2001 to pursue a career in Europe, going on to play mostly in Greece but also in Spain and Cyprus. Morris won 37 caps for the South Africa national team between 2004 and 2009.
Lalamilo Wells
Lalamilo Wells is a wind farm on the island of Hawaii. It is located within the ahupuaʻa (ancient land division) called Lalamilo, between the coastal area known as Puako, Hawaii, and the inland towns of Waimea and Waikoloa Village, Hawaii. It was commissioned in 1985 with 39 17.5 kW Jacobs wind turbines and 81 20 kW Jacobs wind turbines, yielding a total capacity of 2.3 MW.

Starting in January 2006, the electric utility operating the wind farm, Hawaiian Electric Company  (HELCO), operated a demonstration model of a grid-stabilizing unit, known as an Electronic Shock Absorber (ESA). This unit was designed to increase the stability of the island's grid, which has a relatively high penetration of wind energy, which is subject to rapid fluctuations. However, the unit was damaged in an earthquake in October 2006.

Puakō, Hawaii
Puakō is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 772 at the 2010 census, up from 429 at the 2000 census. The epicenter of the 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake was some 6 miles (10 km) offshore of the village.
Catch Me I'm Falling
"Catch Me I'm Falling" is a song by Australian new wave and synth-pop band Real Life. Released in December 1983 as the third single from the band's debut studio album Heartland. The song is built on the success of the debut single "Send Me an Angel" and became the band's second top 10 hit in Australia, spending 27 weeks in the Kent Music Report top 100. It also hit no. 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts in the United States.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
SS Luray Victory
SS Luray Victory was the seventeenth Victory ship, a new 10,500 ton class ship built during World War II. The California Shipbuilding Company built the ship under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. She was launched on May 11, 1944, and completed on June 26, 1944. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2-S-AP3, hull number 17 (V-17). Luray Victory served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and was operated by the Black Diamond Steamship Company.

Emergency Shipbuilding Program
The Emergency Shipbuilding Program (late 1940 – September 1945) was a United States government effort to quickly build simple cargo ships to carry troops and materiel to allies and foreign theatres during World War II. Run by the U.S. Maritime Commission, the program built almost 6,000 ships.
Baganov
Baganov (Russian: Баганов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Baganova. Notable people with the surname include:

Tatiana Baganova, Russian contemporary dance choreographer

Vitali Baganov (born 1952), Russian film and television actor

Vitali Baganov
Vitali Viktorovich Baganov (Russian: Виталий Викторович Баганов; born September 6, 1952) is a Russian and American actor of film and television who guest starred as Valery the Russian gangster in The Sopranos episodes "Pine Barrens" and "...To Save Us All from Satan's Power". Baganov also voiced Ray Bulgarin in Grand Theft Auto IV and The Ballad of Gay Tony.
ASW Handicap Chase
The ASW Handicap Chase was a National Hunt handicap chase in England which was open to horses aged five years and older.

It was run at Cheltenham over a distance of 4 miles and 1 furlong (6,637 metres), and was scheduled to take place each year on New Year's Day.

The race was first run in 1928 as the Stayers' Handicap Chase during the final week of December. It was renamed the Fred Withington Handicap Chase in 1952. From 1975 the race was sponsored by Bass and then later by Food Brokers Ltd and Intasun.

From 1998 the race was known as the Miles Gosling Handicap, after a previous chairman of Cheltenham Racecourse who died in 1997, aged 69.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
In Thee Rejoiceth (Klontzas)
In Thee Rejoiceth also known as Epi Si Harri is a tempera and gold leaf painting by Georgios Klontzas.  The painting is a tribute to the Virgin Mary.  Klontzas was active on the island of Crete during the second half of the 16th century.  He was a member of the Cretan School.  He was one of the most prolific Greek painters of the 16th century.  Most of his works were copied by other artists.  The In Thee Rejoiceth painting was copied by countless Greek and Italian painters. Theodore Poulakis created a version in the 17 century that is very similar to Klontzas's  In Thee Rejoiceth. Franghias Kavertzas also painted a similar theme.  He called his painting In You Rejoices. Leos Moskos also created his version of the popular painting.  The Klontzas painting is currently at the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Studies Museum in Venice.

Theodore Poulakis
Theodore Poulakis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Πουλάκης; 1622–1692) was a Greek Renaissance painter and teacher. He is considered the father of the Heptanese school and one of the most prolific painters of Venetian Crete. Poulakis was a member of the Cretan school, his contemporary was Emmanuel Tzanes. Emmanuel Tzanes and Poulakis were active painters of the Cretan School until Candia, went to war with the Ottomans around 1649. Candia finally fell after twenty years of siege in 1669. Poulakis settled on the island of Corfu.  Stephanos Tzangarolas was another famous painter in Corfu around the same period. Poulakis's works are likened to Andreas Pavias and Georgios Klontzas.  Poulakis works exhibit qualities of the Venetian school. Over 130 of his paintings have survived and can be found all over the world.
Demographics of London
The demography of London is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of the Greater London wards, the City of London and the 32 London boroughs, the Inner London and Outer London statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in London, and for all of Greater London as a whole. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater London Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup. The 2021 population of London was 8,799,800.

Outer London
Outer London is the group of London boroughs that form a ring around Inner London. Together, the inner and outer boroughs form London, the capital city of the United Kingdom. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500, which means over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.
Funakaye
FunakayeListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Bajoga. Its current chairman is Alhaji Ibrahim Cheldu of the All Progressives Congress. Funakaye is bounded in the east by the Gongola River and Lake Dadin Kowa, beyond which lie Yobe State and Borno State.

It has an araa of 1,415 km2 and a population of 236,087 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 762. The town got its name from the two Fulani words "funa" meaning "East" and "ka’e" meaning "rocks" which means "East rocks".

Yobe State
YobeListenⓘ  is a state located in northeastern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on 27 August 1991. Yobe State was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe State is Damaturu, and its largest city by population is Potiskum, while the largest by land area is Fune. The Potiskum local government area is a place of farmers and marketers; one of the largest cattle market in Africa is located in Potiskum.
Shivpuri, Lucknow
Shivpuri, also spelled Shiupuri, is a village in Bakshi Ka Talab block of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 3,747, in 648 households. It is the seat of a gram panchayat, which also includes the village of Bhikhampur.

Lucknow district
Lucknow district is a district located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow division. It is also the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is bounded on the east by Barabanki district, on the west by Unnao and Hardoi districts, on the south by Raebareli district and in the north by Sitapur district.
Ferrari 212 E Montagna
The Ferrari 212 E Montagna was a one-off spyder sports racing car produced by Ferrari in 1968. The car was built on a Dino 206 S chassis and used a unique 2-litre, 48-valve, flat-12 engine, a development of the 1512 1.5-litre Formula One engine. Driven by Peter Schetty, the car dominated the 1969 European Hill Climb Championship, placing first in every race it entered and setting many course records.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.