hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persian Gulf naming dispute
The Persian Gulf naming dispute concerns the gulf known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf, after Iran (historically known as Persia or Persis and the homeland of the Persian people) became involved in an ongoing naming dispute.

The name "Persian Gulf" has been in use since at least the 10th century by Arab historians and geographers. In connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism in the 1960s, the usage of "Arabian Gulf" (Arabic: الخليج العربي) as well as just "The Gulf" increased.

The body of water is internationally recognized as the Persian Gulf. Arab governments refer to it as the "Arabian Gulf" or "The Gulf". The name "Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf)" is used by the International Hydrographic Organization, which seeks to standardise the names of the world's bodies of water.

Persis
Persis, also called Persia proper, is a historical region in south-western Iran, roughly corresponding with Fars province. Iranian speaking peoples, also known as Iranic speaking peoples, are thought to have initially migrated either from Central Asia or, more probably, from the north through the Caucasus giving rise to the ethnic group later known as Persians. They would then have migrated to the current region of Persis in the early 1st millennium BC.
Kenneth Cheruiyot
Kenneth Cheruiyot (born August 2, 1974) is an athlete from Kenya who specialises in long-distance running. He is most famous for winning the Rotterdam Marathon in 2000. He finished second in the event in 2001 and 2002. In 2002 he fell to the ground and broke his arm after 10 kilometers of running, but still managed to finish and even grab silver.

Rotterdam Marathon
The Rotterdam Marathon, currently branded NN Rotterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon that has been held in Rotterdam, Netherlands since 1981. It has been held in April every year since the third edition in 1984 and attracts many top athletes. It has also been ranked as one of the top 10 marathons in the world by Runner's World magazine. The event is the most popular marathon in the Netherlands, followed by the marathons of Amsterdam and Eindhoven.
City of Thieves (gamebook)
City of Thieves is a single-player adventure gamebook written by Ian Livingstone and illustrated by Iain McCaig. Originally published by Puffin Books in 1983, the title is the fifth gamebook in the Fighting Fantasy series. It was later republished by Wizard Books in 2002.

Gamebook
A gamebook is a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices. The narrative branches along various paths, typically through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages. Each narrative typically does not follow paragraphs in a linear or ordered fashion. Gamebooks are sometimes called choose your own adventure books or CYOA (after the influential Choose Your Own Adventure series originally published by US company Bantam Books) or pick-a-paths. Gamebooks influenced hypertext fiction.

Production of new gamebooks in the West decreased dramatically during the 1990s as choice-based stories have moved away from print-based media, although the format may be experiencing a resurgence on mobile and ebook platforms. Such digital gamebooks are considered interactive fiction or visual novels.
Appendicula
Appendicula, commonly known as stream orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic, lithophytic or rarely terrestrial plants herbs with many flat, often twisted leaves and small resupinate, white or greenish flowers. The sepals are free from each other but the lateral sepals and labellum are fused to the base of the column.

The genus Appendicula was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume who published the description in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. The name Appendicula is the diminutive form of the Latin word appendix meaning "appendage" or "addition", hence "little appendage", referring to the "inward-facing appendages on the labellum".

Orchids in the genus Appendicula occur from tropical and subtropical Asia to the western Pacific.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Charles E. Nichols House
Charles E. Nichols House is a historic home located at Lowell, Indiana.  It was built in 1902, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling with a cross hipped roof.  It features a stately corner tower with conical roof, side bay windows, and a bracketed balcony over the front entrance.  Also on the property is a contributing carriage house.: 3

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Carriage house
A carriage house, also called a remise or coach house, is a term used in North America to describe an outbuilding that was originally built to house horse-drawn carriages and their related tack. Carriage houses were often two stories, with related staff quarters above.
Orlovka (Mamyn)
The Orlovka (Russian: Орловка), also known as Mamyn (Russian: Мамын), is a river in Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. It is the 4th longest tributary of the Selemdzha after the Byssa, with a length of 208 kilometres (129 mi) and the second in drainage basin area, with 11,300 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi).

The river basin includes the Garinskoye iron ore deposit, one of the largest in the Russian Far East, as well as gold prospecting areas. The only settlement in the river basin is Oktyabrsky, located by river Gar, the main tributary. In the past there had been other settlements by the river, such as the Slava collective farm on the left bank near the mouth, but they were abandoned.

Gold prospecting
Gold prospecting is the act of searching for new gold deposits.  Methods used vary with the type of deposit sought and the resources of the prospector.  Although traditionally a commercial activity, in some developed countries placer gold prospecting has also become a popular outdoor recreation. Gold prospecting has been popular since antiquity. From the earliest textual and archaeological references, gold prospecting was a common thread for gaining wealth.
Rorbu
Rorbu is a Norwegian traditional type of seasonal house used by fishermen, normally located in a fishing village. The buildings are constructed on land, but with the one end on poles in the water, allowing easy access to vessels. The style and term is used along the coast of Western Norway and Northern Norway, and is most common on Lofoten and northwards to eastern Finnmark. The use of rorbu for fishing has diminished and the style of housing is now largely used to rent out to tourists.

In 1999 the painter Ingo Kühl visited the Lofoten, set up a provisional studio in Reine in a rorbu and painted the view over the harbor to the mountain range.

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.
Good as Gold (song)
"Good as Gold" is a song recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai, released March 23, 2022, by EMI Records. Written by Rogét Chahayed, Lindy Robbins, Taylor Dexter and Ai, the song served as the fourth single from Ai's extended play, It's All Me, Vol. 1.

In Japan, "Good as Gold" was used in commercial advertisements for Lux.

It's All Me, Vol. 1
It's All Me, Vol. 1 is the first extended play by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai. It was released on July 8, 2020, through EMI Records. Primarily recorded in Los Angeles, the EP was preceded by the release of five digital singles, including the lead single "Summer Magic".
1965 MGM vault fire
On August 10, 1965, a fire erupted in Vault 7, a storage facility at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio (MGM) backlot (now Sony Pictures Studios) in Culver City, California. It was caused by an electrical short that ignited flammable stored nitrate film. The initial explosion reportedly killed at least one person, and the resulting fire destroyed the entire contents of the vault, which included archived prints of silent and early sound films produced by MGM and its predecessors. The only known copies of hundreds of films were destroyed.

Roger Mayer (executive)
Roger Laurance Mayer (April 21, 1926 – March 24, 2015) was an American film industry executive.  He was best known for his efforts on behalf of film preservation and for his support of the film industry's humanitarian charity, the Motion Picture & Television Fund. In 2004 he was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.
Shawn Sweeney
Shawn Sweeney is an American politician from Vermont. He has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Chittenden 7 District since 2025.

Sweeney was a business owner in Shelburne, Vermont.

Vermont House of Representatives
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of Vermont. The House comprises 150 members, with each member representing around 4,100 citizens. Representatives are elected to two-year terms without term limits.

Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836. It added a senate by constitutional amendment. The House meets in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House in Montpelier. It is the only U.S. state legislature whose debating chamber seating layout comes closer to that of the Westminster-style parliament found elsewhere, being similar to debating chambers in Australian state parliaments.
Peabody Pond
Peabody Pond extends from the southern tip of Bridgton into northern Sebago forming the western boundary of Naples, Maine. The eastern tip of the lake receives drainage from Cold Rain Pond in Naples. The southern tip of the lake overflows as the Northwest River through 5 miles (8.0 km) of boggy land to the western shore of Sebago Lake at East Sebago. The pond has a native population of rainbow smelt, and has been stocked with smallmouth bass, lake trout, and land-locked Atlantic salmon. A boat-launching area near the outlet of the lake is accessible from Peabody Pond Road off Tiger Hill Road. Peabody Pond road is a dead end road that terminates at Martin Point.

Rainbow smelt
The rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) is a North American species of fish of the family Osmeridae. Walleye, trout, and other larger fish prey on these smelt. The rainbow smelt prefer juvenile ciscoes, zooplankton such as calanoid copepods (Leptodiaptomus ashlandi, L. minutus, L. sicilis), and other small organisms, but are aggressive and will eat almost any fish they find. They are anadromous spring spawners and prefer clean streams with light flow and light siltation. The rainbow smelt face several barriers. They are weak swimmers and struggle to navigate fish ladders  preventing them from making it past dams to the headwater streams where they spawn. The rise in erosion and dams helped to decimate the smelt population in the 1980s. There are currently plans to try to reduce damming and to help control erosion.
La Farina
La Farina (1911–1935) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire who was noted for his rivalry with his contemporary Sardanapale and has been regarded as one of the best French horses of the 20th century. In 1913 he showed promise as a juvenile, winning the Prix La Rochette. In the following year he defeated Sardanapale in the Prix Daru and the Prix Lupin before being narrowly beaten by his rival in the Grand Prix de Paris. La Farina's racing career was curtailed by the outbreak of the First World War but he went on to become a successful sire of winners. He died in 1935.

Longchamp Racecourse
The Longchamp Racecourse (French: Hippodrome de Longchamp, pronounced [ipɔdʁom də lɔ̃ʃɑ̃]) is a 57-hectare (140-acre) horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes at the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is used for flat racing and is noted for its variety of interlaced tracks and a famous hill that provides a real challenge to competing thoroughbreds. It has several racetracks varying from 1,000 to 4,000 metres in length, with 46 different starting posts.

The course is home to more than half of the group one races held in France, and it has a capacity of 50,000. The highlight of the calendar is the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Held on the first weekend in October, the event attracts the best horses from around the world.

The leather fashion goods company Longchamp got its name from the facility.
Gisela C. Lebzelter
Gisela C. Lebzelter is an author, historian, and scholar, and an expert on British fascism and antisemitism. Scholars who study British fascism and antisemitism frequently cite her 1978 book Political Anti-Semitism in England 1918-1939—a revision of her thesis submitted to St Antony's College, Oxford.

Lebzelter has done much research on The Britons (responsible for repeatedly publishing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in the UK), including its founding President, Henry Hamilton Beamish, and his successor, John Henry Clarke.

Dr. Lebzelter has a non-Jewish background. She was a student at the Free University of Berlin and University College London.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Calahoo
Calahoo is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Sturgeon County. It is located on Highway 37 near the Sturgeon River, approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) northwest of Edmonton's city limits. It has an elevation of 680 metres (2,230 ft).

The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 11 and in the federal riding of Westlock-St. Paul.

It is named after the nearby Michel Calihoo Reserve established in 1878 on 25,600 acres under Treaty 6.

Division No. 11, Alberta
Division No. 11 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. Surrounding the City of Edmonton, the majority of the division comprises Alberta's Capital Region, while the western and southern portions of the division are located within central Alberta. The division also forms the northern segment of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor.
Turlinia
Turlinia is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its single species, Turlinia phalaenoides, is found on Madagascar. Both the genus and authority were first described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1976.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Tricholoma inamoenum
Tricholoma inamoenum is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma found through the Northern Hemisphere, particularly under conifers. It is poisonous, and is characterized by an unpleasant odor resembling coal gas or tar. •	Analysis of the volatile compounds emanating from fresh sporocarps using solid phase microextraction (SPME) showed the odor compounds responsible for the coal tar odor of this mushroom are 1-octen-3-ol and indole.

Seattle's Tricholoma platyphyllum may be the same species. A similar species is Tricholoma sulphureum, which is found under both conifers and hardwoods.

Mushroom poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus.

Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking.
Johnson Twinomujuni
Johnson Twinomujuni is an Anglican bishop in Uganda: since 2017 he has served as the Bishop of West Ankole.

Twinomujuni was born on. 11th August 1968 in Muko, Mbarara District. He was educated at the African Bible College in Malawi; the Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi, USA; and Uganda Christian University. He was ordained a deacon in December 1998, and a priest in December 1999.
Twinomujuni has served the church in Kibingo Parish, Ankole Diocese, as Diocesan Missions Coordinator of Ankole Diocese, Chaplain Maryhill High school, Chaplain of St. Luke's Chapel Mbarara University of Science and Technology, and as part time lecturer of Christian Ethics, Old Testament, New Testament and Worldviews at Bishop Stuart University.

He also served as co-founder and principal of Uganda Bible Institute in Mbarara, Uganda. He was consecrated and enthroned Bishop on 28 May 2017 at St. Peter's Cathedral, Bweranyangi, Bushenyi.

Organizational founder
An organizational founder is a person who has undertaken some or all of the formational work needed to create a new organization, whether it is a business, a charitable organization, a governing body, a school, a group of entertainers, or any other type of organization. If there are multiple founders, each can be referred to as a co-founder. If the organization is a business, the founder is usually referred as an entrepreneur. If an organization is created to carry out charitable work, the founder is generally considered a philanthropist.
Songs in the Dark (event)
Songs in the Dark is a live music and poetry event based in Farringdon, London, England. It was started in 2003 by Richard Dark, Simon Mastrantone and Jeremy Warmsley. It is also a record label and released the first critically lauded EP by The Woe Betides as well as their debut album Never Sleep.

Songs in the Dark began putting on nights every other Sunday at Clowns Cafe in Cambridge in 2003. In 2005 it moved to London where it puts on nights at the Betsey Trotwood in Farringdon. While originally a bi-monthly event, it gradually scaled down to only a few select shows a year. Its spectral cousin continues to haunt Cambridge.

Farringdon, London
Farringdon is an area in the London Borough of Islington, situated immediately north of its border with the City of London. The term is used to describe the area around Farringdon station.

Historically the district corresponded to southern Clerkenwell and the small parish of St Sepulchre Middlesex. The area's name is a back-formation: It takes its name from the station, which was in turn named after Farringdon Street.

To the south lie the City of London wards of Farringdon Within and Farringdon Without. The City Wards, which were once a single unit, are unconnected to the distinct area of Farringdon to their north, though there is an etymological connection.
Jumping Downs
Jumping Downs is a  5.7-hectare (14-acre) Local Nature Reserve near Aylesham, between Canterbury and Dover in Kent. It is owned by the Jumping Downs Trust  and managed by the Trust and the Kentish Stour Community Partnership.

Adders,  viviparous lizards and slow worms have been recorded on this chalk downland site. Mammals include wood mice and pygmy shrews.

There is access from South Barham Hill.

Wood mouse
The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) is a murid rodent native to Europe and northwestern Africa. It is closely related to the yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) but differs in that it has no band of yellow fur around the neck, has slightly smaller ears, and is usually slightly smaller overall: around 90 mm (3.54 in) in length and 23 g in weight. It is found across most of Europe and is a very common and widespread species, is commensal with people and is sometimes considered a pest. Other common names are long-tailed field mouse, field mouse, common field mouse, and European wood mouse. This species is a known potential carrier of the Dobrava sequence of hantavirus which affects humans and may pose serious risks to human health.
In Clay
In Clay is a one-woman musical based on the life story of a French potter called Marie-Berthe Cazin, with book and lyrics written by Rebecca Simmonds and music and lyrics by Jack Miles.

It has been performed at VAULT Festival in London in 2023, at a concert performance at the Other Palace in 2023, at the Upstairs at the Gatehouse theatre in London in 2024, and had its American premiere at Signature Theatre in 2025. It was also presented at the National Alliance for Musical Theatre's Festival of New Musicals in 2024.

The song 'Talent', featured in the musical, was nominated for the Stiles & Drewe Best New Song Prize in 2023.

It has also been nominated for seven Off West End Award nominations, including Best New Musical and Best Musical Production.

Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia)
Signature Theatre is a Tony Award-winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia.

Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, having staged more than 30 productions of his musicals, revues and concerts—more than any other professional theater in the country.
Association for Somogy
The Association for Somogy (Hungarian: Somogyért, officially: Somogyért Egyesület) is a local political party in the county of Somogy in Hungary, allied with the Hungarian Socialist Party. At the legislative elections, April 9 and 23, 2006, the party won 1 constituency seat.

It was founded on May 25, 1994 by 109 politicians and entrepreneurs in Somogy. It was led by István Gyenesei, engineer and economist, former chairman of the Somogy County General Assembly.

2006 Hungarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 9 April 2006, with a second round of voting in 110 of the 176 single-member constituencies on 23 April. The Hungarian Socialist Party emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly with 186 of the 386 seats, and continued the coalition government with the Alliance of Free Democrats.

It marked the first time a government had been re-elected since the end of Communist rule. To date, this is the most recent national election in Hungary not won by Fidesz-KDNP, and the last in which the victorious party did not win a two-thirds supermajority in parliament.