hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banswada Assembly constituency
Banswada Assembly constituency is a constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of the constituencies of Telangana with nine mandals, out of which six are in Nizamabad district and the other three in Kamareddy district. It is part of Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Pocharam Srinivas Reddy of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency.

Telangana Legislative Assembly
The Telangana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Telangāṇa Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature. The Legislative Assembly of Telangana currently consists of 119 elected members.

The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise. Each constituency elects one member of the assembly. Members are popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Colonel Cathcart
Colonel Cathcart is a character in Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 (1961) and the novel's de facto main antagonist.

A full colonel, he is a group commander at a U.S. Army Air Forces base in Pianosa and is obsessed with becoming a general. As such, he does whatever it takes to please his superiors—in particular, by repeatedly raising the number of missions the men have to fly to complete a tour of duty, beyond that normally ordered by other outfits. This becomes the bane of Yossarian's life, as every time he comes close to obtaining the target number of missions for being sent home, Colonel Cathcart raises the required number again.

Cathcart himself has only flown in two missions, one of which was accidental.

Joseph Heller
Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 – December 12, 1999) was an American author of novels, short stories, plays, and screenplays. His best-known work is his debut novel Catch-22 (1961), a satire on war and bureaucracy, whose title has become a synonym for an absurd or contradictory choice. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature at least twice, in 1972 and 1975.
Lucy Liemann
Lucy Katherine Liemann Harman (born 24 November 1973) is an English actress. After graduation she was spotted at a supermarket by a voice scout who urged her to become a voice artist. Liemann then went on to study acting at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts. She has worked in theatre, television and film.

Starting in stage productions, she starred in the initial London production of Carl Djerassi's play Phallacy in 2005.

After a series of roles in various standard British television shows, including The Bill and Agatha Christie's Poirot, she played the part of Lucy in the third part of the Jason Bourne film series, The Bourne Ultimatum.

Liemann played recurring character Sam Phillips in the television series Moving Wallpaper, and stars as Reggie Perrin's nubile colleague Jasmine Strauss in the BBC's 2009–10 reprises of the classic tales.

Academy of Live and Recorded Arts
The Academy of Live and Recorded Arts (ALRA) was a British drama school. It had two sites: ALRA South on Wandsworth Common in south London and ALRA North in Wigan, Greater Manchester. It was founded in 1979 by director and actors Sorrel Carson and Caryll Ziegler who then directed the school as its principal until 2001.

ALRA was a member of Federation of Drama Schools an iteration of the formerly known as Drama UK, and before that the Conference of Drama Schools, and National Council for Drama Training, both organizations since dissolved, and received funding from the Young People's Learning Agency.

The school closed in April 2022.
Coptodon gutturosa
Coptodon gutturosa is a critically endangered species of fish in the cichlid family. It is endemic to Lake Bermin in Cameroon. It is threatened by pollution and sedimentation from human activities, and potentially also by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although Bermin is too shallow to contain very high amounts of this gas.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
The Toy Castle
The Toy Castle (French: Le Château magique) is a Canadian children's television show that aired on Treehouse TV, SCN, Access, Knowledge Network, TVOntario and TFO. It was aired from September 4, 2000 to December 26, 2003 and produced by Sound Venture Productions. It was inspired by Sound Venture's 1992 Christmas ballet special The Steadfast Tin Soldier, which starred Frank Augustyn and was based on Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale. It is now shown during the Christmas season on Treehouse, TFO and Noovo. Told through ballet and narration, the stories are about a group of toys in a toy castle that magically come to life when the children are asleep.  This series won a Gemini Award in 2003 for "Best Preschool Series."

The series also aired on public television stations in the United States, JimJam in Italy, TF1, France 3, M6 and Piwi+ in France and was rerun in French on TQS. It was distributed worldwide by France Télévisions.

Treehouse TV
Treehouse TV (commonly known as Treehouse) is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel that launched on November 1, 1997, as the first full-day preschool-oriented channel in Canada. It is owned by YTV Canada, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment, and was named after sister network YTV's former programming block, "The Treehouse".

When Treehouse TV first launched, it aired daily from 6 a.m. to 3 a.m., before switching to a 24-hour schedule sometime before 2003. In addition to producing its own original series, the channel carries third-party preschool programs from various international markets. Much like YTV, the majority of Treehouse's acquired content came from Nickelodeon (through its Nick Jr. preschool brand) until 2025, when its rights to broadcast Nickelodeon programming expired. It also airs shows from Sesame Workshop and PBS Kids.

As of 2011, Treehouse TV was available to over 7.5 million homes across Canada.
ADI Sportster
The ADI Sportster is a two-seat gyroplane that has been marketed in plans form for homebuilding since 1974 by Aircraft Designs Inc. It was the first homebuilt gyrocopter design to be able to carry a passenger.

The design first flew in 1974 and is built from bolted and riveted dural aluminium sheet. The rotor blades use an NACA 8H12 airfoil

Dural, New South Wales
Dural is a semi-rural suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 36 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district and in the local government areas of Hornsby Shire and The Hills Shire. Dural is part of the Hills District. Round Corner is a locality in the south-western part of Dural.
Semporna (federal constituency)
Semporna is a federal constituency in Tawau Division (Semporna District), Sabah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created from parts of the Silam constituency and Tawau in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Silam (federal constituency)
Silam was a federal constituency in Sabah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1974 to 2019.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Mark Stewart (American musician)
Mark Stewart is a New York City-based multi-instrumentalist, composer, singer and instrument designer.

He has been a member of the Bang on a Can All-Stars, the Fred Frith Guitar Quartet, Steve Reich and Musicians, Zeena Parkins' Gangster Band, and Arnold Dreyblatt's Orchestra of Excited Strings. Stewart is a founding member of the Bang on a Can All-Stars band and The Jerry Wortman Nonette. Also, he has worked with Paul Simon, Anthony Braxton, Bob Dylan, Cecil Taylor, Meredith Monk, Philip Glass, Bruce Springsteen, Edie Brickell, Don Byron, Paul McCartney, Marc Ribot, and in the duo Polygraph Lounge with Rob Schwimmer, with whom he also contributed to Simon & Garfunkel's "Old Friends" reunion concert tour. He plays many experimental and lesser-used instruments, such as the daxophone and theremin.

Stewart was raised in Appleton, Wisconsin and now lives in Brooklyn, New York.

Don Byron
Donald Byron (born November 8, 1958) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist. He primarily plays clarinet but has also played bass clarinet and saxophone in a variety of genres that includes free jazz and klezmer.
Machiel van den Heuvel
Machiel van den Heuvel (7 May 1900 in Haarlemmermeer – 29 June 1946 near Bandung) was a Dutch army officer. As a prisoner-of-war in Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany, during World War II, he served as Escape Officer for the Dutch POWs, a role also held by Captain Pat Reid, the author of The Colditz Story, for the British. Van den Heuvel played a key role in most Dutch officer escapes (such as Hans Larive, Francis Steinmetz and Anthony Luteyn) during the war.

Pat Reid
Patrick Robert Reid, MBE, MC (13 November 1910 – 22 May 1990) was a British Army officer and author of history. As a British prisoner of war during the Second World War, he was held captive at Colditz Castle when it was designated Oflag IV-C. Reid was one of the few to escape from Colditz, crossing the border into neutral Switzerland in late 1942.

After the war Reid was a diplomat and administrator before eventually returning to his prewar career in civil engineering. He also wrote about his experiences in two best-selling books, which became the basis of a film, TV series and board game.
Knotted stitch
A knotted stitch, also known as knot stitch, is any embroidery technique in which the yarn or thread is knotted around itself. A knotted stitch is a type of decorative embroidery stitches which form three-dimensional knots on the surface of a textile. Common knotted stitches include French knots, coral stitch, and Pekin knot (also known as forbidden stitch, Pekin stitch, and seed stitch) which is sometimes also referred as French knot although there is a difference in techniques between these two stitches. Knotted stitches can be subdivided into individual or detached knots, continuous knotted stitches, and knotted edgings.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
McKenney (surname)
McKenney or McKenny is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles McKenny, president of Central State Normal School (now Central Michigan University), Milwaukee

Devon McKenney, American soccer player

Don McKenney, Canadian ice hockey player

Eileen McKenney, sister of author Ruth McKenney

Henry William McKenney, Canadian politician

James Felix McKenney, American writer, director, producer and actor

Jim McKenny, former ice hockey defenceman and reporter

Joe McKenney, Boston College footballer

Marjorie McKenney, American military machinist

Ruth McKenney, American author

Stewart McKenny, Australian comic book artist

Thomas L. McKenney, U.S. Superintendent of Indian Trade

Thomas McKenny Hughes, Welsh geologist

Todd McKenney, Australian entertainer

Todd McKenney (Ohio politician)

William Robertson McKenney, U.S. Representative from Virginia

Don McKenney
Donald Hamilton McKenney (April 30, 1934 – December 19, 2022) was a Canadian ice hockey forward and coach. He played in the National Hockey League between 1954 and 1968 with five teams, mostly with the Boston Bruins. After retiring he worked as a coach for Northeastern University for over twenty years.
Clarence E. Bell
Clarence Elmo Bell (February 1, 1912-1997) was an educator and politician in Arkansas. A Democrat, he served nine terms in the Arkansas Senate from 1957 to 1993 including as President of the Arkansas Senate. The state archives have various photos of him.

He was born in Camden, Arkansas and graduated from Camden High School. He attended  Ouachita Baptist College in Arkadelphia. He received a master's degree from the University of Alabama. He was principal at Parkin High School and became a school superintendent.

He married Hope Raney August 16, 1936. They had two daughters and a son.

Camden, Arkansas
Camden is a city in and the county seat of Ouachita County in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The city is located about 100 miles south of Little Rock. Situated on bluffs overlooking the Ouachita River, the city developed because of the river.

The recorded history began in 1782 when a Spanish military post was established on the site of an old French trading post called Écore à Fabri. When Ouachita County was formed in 1842, American settlers changed the name to Camden. The city became an important port during the steamboat era when Camden became known as the “Queen City” of the Ouachita. In 1864, Camden became the unintended focus of the Red River Campaign, a major Civil War effort resulting in several significant battles.

In 2020, Camden had a population of 10,612, down from its 2010 population of 12,183. Camden is the principal city of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Ouachita and Calhoun counties.
Mare Street
Mare Street is a street in the London Borough of Hackney. It has existed since the 15th century, when it was one of the first roads at the centre of the parish.  It was then known as Merestret.  The word mere was either the Old English mǣre meaning a boundary — referring to the boundary with the parish of Stepney — or mere, a large pond which was fed by Hackney Brook.

Hackney Brook
The Hackney Brook is one of the subterranean rivers of London. Rising in Holloway, it crossed the northern parts of the current London boroughs of Islington and Hackney, before emptying into the River Lea at Old Ford in Tower Hamlets.
Tower Bends
Tower Bends (in Manx: Ballastowell – the farm of McStoile) is a point on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated A18, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man.

Following soon after Waterworks and continuing the climb out of Ramsey town in the direction taken by race competitors, it is a sequence of bends at an elevation of 400 feet (122 metres)  above sea level at the 25th Milestone road-side marker on the 37+ mile circuitous-course, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand. After Tower Bends, the climb continues to the Gooseneck and thereafter the start of the Snaefell Mountain section.

The S-bend corners at Tower Bends were part of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. Tower Bends is now part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT  and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races.

Maughold (parish)
Maughold (/ˈmækəld/ MAK-əld; Manx: Maghal) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is named for St Maughold, the island's patron saint.

It is located on the east of the island (part of the traditional South Side division) in the sheading of Garff. Administratively, part of the historic parish of Maughold is now within Ramsey town. The settlement of Ballure borders Ramsey. Maughold village and Glen Mona are other settlements in the parish.
New Synagogue of Graz
The New Synagogue of Graz is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on David-Herzog-Place, on the right bank of the Mur River in the Gries neighborhood, in the city of Graz, Austria. The synagogue serves the Jews of Graz, Styria, Carinthia, and southern parts of Burgenland.

The congregation was established in 1868 and built its initial synagogue in 1895 on this site. Destroyed by the Nazis in 1938 on Kristallnacht, the depleted congregation used temporary premises until the current building was completed in 2000.

Bema
A bema is an elevated platform used as an orator's podium. The term can refer to the raised area in a sanctuary. In Jewish synagogues, where it is used for Torah reading during services, the term used is bima or bimah.
Diagnostic equation
In a physical (and especially geophysical) simulation context, a diagnostic equation (or diagnostic model) is an equation (or model) that links the values of these variables simultaneously, either because the equation (or model) is time-independent, or because the variables all refer to the values they have at the identical time. This is by opposition to a prognostic equation.

For instance, the so-called ideal gas law (PV = nRT) of classical thermodynamics relates the state variables of that gas, all estimated at the same time. It is understood that the values of any one of these variables can change in time, but the relation between these variables will remain valid at each and every particular instant, which implies that one variable cannot change its value without the value of another variable also being affected.

Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron and independently of him, Dmitry Mendeleev in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form:

where ,  and  are the pressure, volume and temperature respectively;  is the amount of substance; and  is the ideal gas constant.
It can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory, as was achieved (independently) by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.
Walls of the Ruler
The Walls of the Ruler was a fortification, or possibly a whole string of them, built by Amenemhat I in the 14th nome of Lower Egypt to protect the eastern approaches to Egypt. It succeeded the Old Kingdom Walls of Sneferu.

The Walls of the Ruler are mentioned in the Tale of Sinuhe and in the Prophecy of Neferti. No remains have been found. New Kingdom depictions show forts which had a secured supply of water and were surrounded by crocodile-infested ditches or canals which were spanned by bridges.

Story of Sinuhe
The Story of Sinuhe, also referred to as the Story of Sanehat or Sanhath, is a work of ancient Egyptian literature. It was likely composed in the beginning of the Twelfth Dynasty after the death of Amenemhat I and the ascention of Senusret I as sole pharaoh (i.e. some time after 1971 BC). The tale describes an Egyptian man who flees his kingdom, and lives as a foreigner before returning to Egypt shortly before his death. It explores universal themes such as divine providence and mercy. The oldest known copy of the text dates to the reign of Amenemhat III, around 1800 BC. The work was so popular within Egypt that newer copies have been found ranging up to 750 years after the original.

The story is known from significantly more primary sources than any other ancient Egyptian literary narrative – at least five papyri and 30 ostraca. Most other such narratives are known from one period, whereas Sinuhe spans the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.
Robert Hackett (soldier)
Robert Hacket (born 1617) was a Scottish soldier in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

He was involved with the Western Association (Scotland).

As a lieutenant-colonel, he was the second-in-command of the army of the Scottish Parliament at the Battle of Carbisdale.

He later became an elder at the church in Lochhead (Campbeltown), Argyll in 1658.

Campbeltown
Campbeltown (/ˈkæmbəltən/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Chille Chiarain or Ceann Locha) is a town and former royal burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies by Campbeltown Loch on the Kintyre Peninsula. Campbeltown became an important centre for Scotch whisky, and a busy fishing port.

The 2018 population estimate was 4,600, indicating a reduction since the 2011 census.
Josep Pallach
Josep Pallach i Carolà (Figueres (Catalonia, Spain) 1920, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Catalonia, Spain), 1977) was a Catalan socialist leader. A Libertarian communist during his youth, he fought with the Republic and was a leader of several anti-francoist movements.

Figueres
Figueres (Catalan: [fiˈɣeɾəs] ⓘ; Spanish: Figueras [fiˈɣeɾas] ⓘ) is the capital city of Alt Empordà County, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Dalí Theatre and Museum, a large museum designed by Dalí himself which attracts many visitors. It is also the birthplace of Narcís Monturiol, inventor of the first successful machine-powered submarine. Also born here was Mónica Naranjo, one of the best-selling Spanish singers of the 1990s and 2000s.
SmURFP
Small ultra red fluorescent protein (smURFP) is a class of far-red fluorescent protein developed through directed evolution from a cyanobacterial (Trichodesmium erythraeum) phycobiliprotein, α-allophycocyanin. Native α-allophycocyanin requires an exogenous protein, known as a lyase, to attach the chromophore, phycocyanobilin. Phycocyanobilin is not present in mammalian cells. smURFP was evolved to covalently attach phycocyanobilin without a lyase and fluoresce, covalently attach biliverdin (ubiquitous to mammalian cells) and fluoresce, blue-shift fluorescence to match the organic fluorophore, Cy5, and not inhibit E. coli growth. smURFP was found after 12 rounds of random mutagenesis and manually screening 10,000,000 bacterial colonies.

Phycobiliprotein
Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble proteins present in cyanobacteria and certain algae (rhodophytes, cryptomonads, glaucocystophytes). They capture light energy, which is then passed on to chlorophylls during photosynthesis. Phycobiliproteins are formed of a complex between proteins and  covalently bound phycobilins that act as chromophores (the light-capturing part).  They are most important constituents of the phycobilisomes.
Malhama Tactical
Malhama Tactical is a private military contractor operating in the Syrian Civil War. The group, founded by a pseudonymous Uzbeki jihadist called Abu Rofiq, is closely allied with Jabhat Fateh al-Sham and its successor group Tahrir al-Sham. Its around dozen members occasionally participate in combat and run guns, but primarily provide training. The company has worked with Ahrar al-Sham and the Turkistan Islamic Party. According to the pro-government Al-Masdar News, its leader Abu Rofiq was killed in an airstrike on 7 February 2017, though his death has been questioned. The group stands in opposition to IS.

Al-Masdar News
Al-Masdar News (sometimes abbreviated AMN) (Arabic: المصدر نيوز) was an online newspaper founded by Leith Abou Fadel. Al-Masdar is Arabic for "the source." Al-Masdar's coverage focuses largely on conflict zones in the Middle East: Syria, Yemen, and Iraq. Al-Masdar has been described as being favorable to President Bashar al-Assad during its coverage of the Syrian civil war. As of 2023, it appears to be inactive.