hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1905 Dutch cabinet formation
A process of cabinet formation took place following the Dutch general election of 16 June and 28 June 1905, leading to the formation of the De Meester cabinet on 17 August 1905. It was formed by the Liberal Union (LU) and the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) with the support of the Free Liberals (VL) and the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP).

Free-thinking Democratic League
The Free-thinking Democratic League (Dutch: Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wim Schermerhorn. The League is a predecessor of two of the major Dutch political parties, the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA). The social liberal Democrats 66 also claims an ideological connection with the VDB.
Perceptual asynchrony
Perceptual asynchrony refers to the phenomenon of two simultaneously presented attributes of the visual world being perceived by humans asynchronously instead of simultaneously.

Perceptual asynchrony was first demonstrated in 1997 by Konstantinos Moutoussis and Semir Zeki. The Moutoussis and Zeki provided evidence that people perceive the color and direction of motion of a visual stimulus with a time lag - they may perceive the color before the direction of motion. They quantified this time gap to be between 70 – 80 milliseconds.

Synchronization
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync—and those that are not are asynchronous.

Today, time synchronization can occur between systems around the world through satellite navigation signals and other time and frequency transfer techniques.
Colfax County, Nebraska
Colfax County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,582, and was estimated to be 10,826 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Schuyler.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Colfax County was represented by the prefix "43" (as it had the 43rd-largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).

Vehicle registration plates of Nebraska
The U.S. state of Nebraska first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1905. Registrants provided their own license plates for display until 1915, when the state began to issue plates.

As of 2024, plates are issued by the Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Front and rear plates are required for most classes of vehicles, while only rear plates are required for motorcycles and trailers. A bill was passed by legislators in April 2025 to change the law of just issuing rear license plates. That law change is set to go into effect in 2029 when a new design print license plates will be released. All state-issued plates were made of steel until 1947 when aluminum plates were introduced.
Saraswati Supercluster
The Saraswati Supercluster is a massive galaxy supercluster about 1.2 gigaparsecs (4 billion light years) away within the Stripe 82 region of SDSS, in the direction of the constellation Pisces. It is one of the largest structures found in the universe, with a major axis in diameter of about 200 Mpc (652 million light years). It consists of at least 43 galaxy clusters, and has the mass of 2 × 1016 M☉, forming a galaxy filament.

Galaxy filament
In cosmology, galaxy filaments are the largest known structures in the universe, consisting of walls of galactic superclusters. These massive, thread-like formations can commonly reach 50 to 80 megaparsecs (160 to 260 megalight-years)—with the largest found to date being Quipu (400 megaparsecs), and possibly the still unconfirmed Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall at around 3 gigaparsecs (9.8 Gly) in length—and form the boundaries between voids. Due to the accelerating expansion of the universe, the individual clusters of gravitationally bound galaxies that make up galaxy filaments are moving away from each other at an accelerated rate; in the far future they will dissolve.

Galaxy filaments form the cosmic web and define the overall structure of the observable universe.
Satu Kiipeli
Satu Kiipeli (born 24 December 1980) is a Finnish retired ice hockey defenseman and assistant coach of Oulun Kärpät in the Naisten Liiga (NSML). During her career with the Finnish national team, she represented Finland in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and at the IIHF Women's World Championships in 2001 and 2005.

Finland at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Finland competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, with 102 athletes competing in 11 of the 15 sports.

Janne Lahtela, a moguls freestyle skier and a defending Olympic champion, was the flag bearer at the Opening Ceremonies.
Duke of Mayenne
Duke of Mayenne (French: duc de Mayenne) is a title created for a cadet branch of the House of Guise. It subsequently passed by marriage to the Gonzaga in 1621, who sold it to Cardinal Mazarin in 1654; he bestowed it on his niece, Hortense Mancini in 1661. Due to the terms of the entailment on the title, it became extinct in 1781, but it is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, a descendant of Hortense.

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
Arnoldo Foà
Arnoldo Foà Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (24 January 1916 – 11 January 2014) was an Italian actor, voice actor, theatre director, singer and writer. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1938 and 2014.

Teatro Valle
The Teatro Valle (literally Valley Theater) is a theatre and former opera house in Rome, Italy. It was built in 1726 for the Capranica family. In the middle of the 19th century, it switched from staging opera and theatre to only performances of spoken drama. After closing down in 2010, it was squatted in 2011, then in 2014, the squatters were evicted.
Connor Watson
Connor Watson (born 31 May 1996) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL), the Indigenous All Stars in the All Stars and as a utility for New South Wales in the State of Origin series.

He previously played for the Sydney Roosters and the Newcastle Knights in the NRL. He represented NSW Country Origin in 2017. A utility player, Watson began his NRL career off the bench before starting at five-eighth, fullback then as a hooker and then as a lock in 2021.

Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)
The Indigenous Australian rugby league team (also known as the Indigenous All Stars) is a rugby league team that represents Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. The team was first formed in 1973 and currently plays in an annual All Stars Match against the New Zealand Māori rugby league team.
Arado W 2
The Arado W 2 was a two-seat twin-engine seaplane trainer developed for the DVS in 1928. It was a cantilever monoplane with a fabric-covered steel tube fuselage that accommodated the pilot and instructor in tandem open cockpits. The undercarriage consisted of two pontoons carried on steel struts.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Ten Mile Rocks
Ten Mile Rocks are a granite rock formation approximately 80 km (50 mi) east of Norseman and approximately 111 km (69 mi) west of Balladonia in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.

The rocks are part of the Biranup Complex, a belt forming the north western portion of the Albany Fraser geological province on the southern edge of the Yilgarn craton. The rocks themselves are composed of Garnet-biotite monzogranite gneiss with an age of around 1670 million years.

A camping area is near the rocks, about 100 m (330 ft) off Eyre Highway and on the eastern edge of the Fraser Range. The camp site has toilets, picnic table and barbeques with space for 30 vehicles.

The area is of significance to the Ngadjunmaia peoples. On the south side of the rock are Marlpa initiation grounds. The space has been cleared off  sticks and stones, and there are many old campfires around it.

Yilgarn Craton
The Yilgarn Craton is a large craton that constitutes a major part of the Western Australian land mass. It is bounded by a mixture of sedimentary basins and Proterozoic fold and thrust belts. Zircon grains in the Jack Hills, Narryer terrane have been dated at ~4.27 Ga, with one detrital zircon dated as old as 4.4 Ga.

The Murchison Province of the craton contains the over 2 billion year old Yarrabubba impact structure, previously regarded as the oldest dated meteorite impact crater, until the discovery of evidence such as shatter cones confirming the existence of the  3.47 billion year old North Pole Crater near Marble Bar in the Pilbara.
Salehi
Salehi (Persian: صالحی) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ali Akbar Salehi, Iranian academic and politician

Alvin Salehi, American technology entrepreneur, attorney and angel investor

Ataollah Salehi, Iranian general

Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, Iranian economist

Elham Salehi, Iranian para-athlete

Jahan Salehi, Iranian-American entrepreneur

Jawad Salehi, Iranian electrical and computer engineer

Nouria Salehi, Afghan-Australian nuclear physicist and humanitarian

Parastoo Salehi, Iranian actress

Toomaj Salehi, Iranian rapper

Jawad Salehi
Jawad A. Salehi, IEEE Fellow & Optica Fellow, (Persian: جواد صالحی) born in Kazemain (Kadhimiya), Iraq, on December 22, 1956, is an Iranian electrical and computer engineer, pioneer of optical code division multiple access (CDMA) and named Highly Cited Researcher. He is also a board member of Academy of Sciences of Iran and a fellow of Islamic World Academy of Sciences. He was also elected as a member of Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame (چهره‌های ماندگار) in Electrical Engineering, October 2010.
Kapuas River
The Kapuas River (Old Indonesian/Dutch spelling: Kapoeas River) is a river in the Indonesian part of Borneo island, at the geographic center of Maritime Southeast Asia. At 1,143 km (710 mi) in length, it is the longest river on the island of Borneo, the longest river in Indonesia and one of the world's longest island rivers. It originates in the Müller mountain range at the center of the island and flows west into the South China Sea creating an extended marshy delta. The delta is located west-southwest of Pontianak, the capital of the West Kalimantan province, althouth the most northern of the river's outflows actually goes through the city itself. This Kapuas River should be distinguished from another Kapuas, which starts on the other side of the same mountain range in central Borneo but flows to the south, merging with the Barito and discharging into the Java Sea.

Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System (Indonesian: Ejaan Van Ophuijsen, EVO) was the Romanized standard orthography for the Malay dialects across the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)  that would form the basis for the Indonesian language, from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, these variants of Malay in the Dutch East Indies did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script. In 1947, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was replaced by the Republican Spelling System.
Jes Sanddal Lindholt
Jes Sanddal Lindholt is a Danish vascular surgeon, physician, author, and academic. He is a professor of vascular surgery and Head of the Cardiovascular Excellence Center in Region South as well as a research leader for the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery at the University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital. He also holds the position of adjunct professor of vascular epidemiology at Aarhus University.

Lindholt's research primarily centers on epidemiology and prevention related to cardiovascular and renal failure, along with a focus on public health and translational medicine. He has contributed to more than three hundred publications, including book chapters, editorials, and review articles. He won the Odd Fellow Order researcher award in 2016.

Lindholt held a position on the advisory board for the National Board of Health regarding national screening programs, and the Danish Society of Vascular Surgery.

University of Southern Denmark
The University of Southern Denmark (Danish: Syddansk Universitet, lit. 'South Danish University', abbr. SDU) has campuses located in Southern Denmark and on Zealand. It offers a number of joint programmes in co-operation with the University of Flensburg and the University of Kiel. Contacts with regional industries and the international scientific community are strong.

With its 29,674 enrolled students (as of 2016), the university is both the third-largest and, given its roots in Odense University, the third-oldest Danish university (fourth if one includes the Technical University of Denmark). Since the introduction of the ranking systems in 2012, the University of Southern Denmark has been ranked between 36th (2012 ), 38th (2013 ), 37th (2014), and 44th (2015 ) in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in the Top 100 Universities Under 50 List. It is also one of the Top 50 Universities Under 50 according to QS World University Rankings from 2012-2015.
Moot court
Moot court is a co-curricular activity at many law schools. Participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument. In many countries, the phrase "moot court" may be shortened to simply "moot" or "mooting". Participants are either referred to as "mooters" or, less conventionally, "mooties".

Oral argument
Oral arguments are spoken presentations to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail. Oral argument at the appellate level accompanies written briefs, which also advance the argument of each party in the legal dispute. Oral arguments can also occur during motion practice when one of the parties presents a motion to the court for consideration before trial, such as when the case is to be dismissed on a point of law, or when summary judgment may lie because there are no factual issues in dispute.

Oral argument operates by each party in a case taking turns to speak directly to the judge or judges with an equal amount of time allotted to each. A party may often reserve part of their time to be used for rebuttal after their adversary has presented.
Toot Hill, Essex
Toot Hill is a village in the Stanford Rivers civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It is 2.3 miles (4 km) south-west of Chipping Ongar and 3.5 miles (6 km) east of Epping. Toot Hill is less than a mile from the small hamlet of Clatterford End.

The Toot Hill Country Show (held a short distance away at Stanford Rivers) has taken place each year since 1953.

North Weald railway station
North Weald railway station is on the Epping Ongar Railway, a heritage railway, located in North Weald, Essex.

The station was opened in 1865 by the Great Eastern Railway, on its extension from Loughton to Ongar. It was latterly a Central line station on the London Underground between Epping and Blake Hall stations. The section beyond Epping to Ongar closed in 1994.
Nicholas Musuraca
Nicholas Musuraca, A.S.C. (October 25, 1892 – September 3, 1975) was a motion-picture cinematographer best remembered for his work at RKO Pictures in the 1940s, including many of Val Lewton's series of B-picture horror films.

Stranger on the Third Floor
Stranger on the Third Floor is a 1940 American film noir directed by Boris Ingster in his directorial debut and starring Peter Lorre, John McGuire, Margaret Tallichet, and Charles Waldron, and featuring Elisha Cook Jr. It was written by Frank Partos.  Modern research has shown that Nathanael West wrote the final version of the screenplay, but was uncredited.

Stranger on the Third Floor is often cited as the first "true" film noir of the classic period (1940–1959), though other films that fit the genre such as Rebecca and They Drive by Night were released earlier. Nonetheless, it has many of the hallmarks of film noir: an urban setting, heavy shadows, diagonal lines, voice-over narration, a dream sequence, low camera angles shooting up multi-story staircases, and an innocent protagonist desperate to clear himself after being falsely accused of a crime.
MarJon Beauchamp
MarJon Beauchamp (/ˈmɑːrʒɒn ˈboʊtʃæmp/ MAR-zhon BOH-champ; born October 12, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Delaware Blue Coats of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Yakima Valley Yaks.

Washington Huskies men's basketball
The Washington Huskies men's basketball team represents the University of Washington in NCAA Division I college basketball competing in the Big Ten Conference. Their home games are played at Hec Edmundson Pavilion, located in Seattle, and they are currently led by head coach Danny Sprinkle.
Anopolis
Anopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀνώπολις) was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Crete. Stephanus of Byzantium claims Anopolis an earlier name of, rather than a predecessor settlement to, Araden (Ἀραδήν)

Its site is located near modern Anopoli.

History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe.

During the Iron Age, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city-states, then successively became part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Ottoman Empire, an autonomous state, and the modern state of Greece.
Jeonggwa
Jeonggwa (Korean: 정과) is a crispy, chewy hangwa (traditional Korean confection) with vivid colors and a translucent look. It can be made by boiling sliced fruits, roots, or seeds in honey, mullyeot (rice syrup), or sugar water, then drying the slices, and optionally shaping them into flowers or other decorative forms. The candied fruits, roots, or seeds may have the similar texture to jam, marmalade, or jelly.

Root vegetable
Root vegetables are underground plant parts eaten by humans or animals as food. In agricultural and culinary terminology, the term applies to true roots, such as taproots and root tubers, as well as non-roots such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and stem tubers.
Lava Cast Forest
Lava Cast Forest is a visitor destination within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument near Bend, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is a geologic feature containing a 6,000 year old lava flow that created lava molds of ancient trees. It's located about 25 total miles south of Bend and is accessible via a 9-mile (14 km) gravel road from U.S. Highway 97. The site includes paid parking and a paved interpretive loop trail, with some sections too narrow or steep for wheelchairs.

Lava tree mold
A lava tree mold, sometimes erroneously called a lava tree cast, is a hollow lava cylinder formed around a tree trunk. These hollow volcanic landforms are produced when lava flows through a forest, coating the trees' trunks. The lava cools just enough to create a solid crust around the trunk, but the tree inside burns away, leaving a cavity. Molds of trees may be vertical (tree still in place) or horizontal (uprooted tree). In many cases, the mold formation requires slow-moving lava, as well as enough time for the mold to chill.
Bannercatch
Bannercatch is a video game version of Capture the flag published by Scholastic in 1984 for the Apple II and Commodore 64. An edutainment game, Bannercatch allows up to two players (each alternating between two characters in the game world) to compete against a team of four computer-controlled robots.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Ferreiro
Ferreiro is a surname of Galician-Portuguese origin, equivalent to English Smith. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Mario Ferreiro (1899–1959), Uruguayan poet

Celso Emilio Ferreiro (1912–1979), Spanish writer and politician

David Ferreiro (born 1988), Spanish professional footballer

Dora Ferreiro (1916–2011), Argentine film actress

Emilia Ferreiro (1937–2023), Argentine pedagogue, psychologist, and writer

Franco Ferreiro (born 1984), Brazilian retired tennis player

Iván Ferreiro (born 1970), Spanish singer

Mario Aníbal Ferreiro (born 1959), Paraguayan television host and politician

Martín Ferreiro (born 1997), Argentine field hockey player

Roberto Ferreiro (1935–2017), Argentine professional footballer

Mario Ferreiro
Mario Aníbal Ferreiro Sanabria (born May 30, 1959) is a Paraguayan television host and politician. He was the presidential candidate of the centre-left coalition Avanza País in the April 2013 elections and received 5.88% of the vote.

He was intendant of City of Asunción, capital of Paraguay, from 2015 to 2019.

His parents were Revolutionary Febrerista Party members. He studied at the Universidad Nacional de Asunción and also in the United States. He became a radio and newspaper journalist in 1979 and a television host in 1980. He has hosted TV programs on SNT such as La mañana de cada día (2003–2012) and 24 Horas. He has also published several books of short stories and jokes.
Igor Sklyar
Igor Borisovich Sklyar (Russian: Игорь Борисович Скляр; born 18 December 1957) is a Russian actor and singer. He has appeared in over 30 films since 1974. He starred in the 1994 film, The Year of the Dog, which won the Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.

44th Berlin International Film Festival
The 44th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 10 to 21 February 1994. British producer Jeremy Thomas was the Jury President for the Main Competition.

The Golden Bear was awarded to In the Name of the Father, directed by Jim Sheridan.

The retrospective dedicated to Austrian director, actor and producer Erich von Stroheim was shown at the festival.