hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maria Grazia Alemanno
Maria Grazia Alemanno (born 2 September 1990) is an Italian weightlifter. In 2021, she represented Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She finished in 11th place in the women's 59 kg event.

Italy at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Italy competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Italian athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympics edition of the modern era, with the disputed exception of the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis where one Italian may have participated.

The Italian National Olympic Committee will reward the gold medalists with €180,000, the silver medalists with €90,000 and the bronze medalists with €60,000.

Italy competed in all sports except badminton, field hockey, football, handball and rugby sevens.

Italy has ended the 2020 Summer Olympics winning 10 gold, 10 silver and 20 bronze medals, setting a new record in number of medals won (36 medals was first reached in the Los Angeles Olympics of 1932, and then again in the Rome Olympics of 1960). Moreover, for the first time the country has received at least one medal in each day.
Parmelinella
Parmelinella is a genus of lichen belonging to the family  Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1987 by John Elix and Mason Hale as a segregate of Parmelina, from which it differs in having larger ascospores and containing salazinic acid. Although the genus had been assumed to be well-defined morphologically, a 2021 molecular phylogenetic study suggests that the generic delimitations need to be revised.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
2011–12 Israeli Noar Premier League
The 2011–12 Israeli Noar Premier League was the 18th season since its introduction in 1994 as the top-tier football in Israel for teenagers between the ages 18–20, and the first under the name Noar Premier League.

Maccabi Tel Aviv won the title, whilst Hapoel Ra'anana and Maccabi Herzliya were relegated.

Israeli Noar Premier League
The Israeli Noar Premier League (Hebrew: ליגת העל לנוער, Ligat Ha'al LeNoar, lit. Youth Super League) is the top division in the Israeli football league system for teenagers between the ages 18–20. From 1994 to 2011, it was called Israeli Noar Leumit League. The league is a continuation of the previous youth league system, established in 1941.
Stefano Bonsignori (bishop)
Stefano Bonsignori or Bonsignore O.SS.C.A. (23 February 1738, Busto Arsizio - 23 December 1826, Faenza) was an Italian cleric, bishop and theologian. Napoleon I appointed him patriarch of Venice, but this appointment was not confirmed by the Holy See.

Busto Arsizio
Busto Arsizio (Italian: [ˈbusto arˈsittsjo] ⓘ; Bustocco: Büsti Grandi) is a comune (municipality) in the south-easternmost part of the province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy, 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Milan. The economy of Busto Arsizio is mainly based on industry and commerce. It is the fifth municipality in the region by population and the first in the province.
Structured Audio Orchestra Language
Structured Audio Orchestra Language (SAOL) is an imperative, MUSIC-N programming language designed for describing virtual instruments, processing digital audio, and applying sound effects. It was published as subpart 5 of MPEG-4 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999) in 1999.

As part of the MPEG-4 international standard, SAOL is one of the key components of the MPEG-4 Structured Audio toolset, along with:

Structured Audio Score Language (SASL)

Structured Audio Sample Bank Format (SASBF)

The MPEG-4 SA scheduler

MIDI support

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Equity repositioning
Equity Repositioning is the financial strategy of taking an equity rich asset base and repositioning those assets into a diversity of investment vehicles.  The idea is to borrow against the equity value of a property and reposition that capital.  This strategy is aimed at earning a rate of return greater than the cost to borrow the funds.

Equity is the monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed on it in mortgages, claims, liens, etc. Repositioning means to place or put something in a new position; to position again.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
NGC 55
NGC 55, also known as the String of Pearls Galaxy, is a Magellanic type barred spiral galaxy located about 6.5 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on 7 July 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. Along with its neighbor NGC 300, it is one of the closest galaxies to the Local Group, probably lying between the Milky Way and the Sculptor Group. It has an estimated mass of (2.0 ± 0.4) × 1010 M☉.

James Dunlop
James Dunlop FRSE (31 October 1793 – 22 September 1848) was a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He was employed by Sir Thomas Brisbane to work as astronomer's assistant at his private observatory, once located at Paramatta (now named Parramatta), New South Wales, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Sydney during the 1820s and 1830s. Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work for Brisbane, and after its completion, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects.  He later became the Superintendent of Paramatta Observatory when it was finally sold to the New South Wales Government.
Sam Pinkham
Sam Pinkham is an English radio and television presenter. He previously presented radio programmes for Virgin Radio UK, Magic Radio, Heart and Gem 106. He has more recently been a cover presenter on BBC Radio 2 and he currently hosts popular TV series Holiday Homes In The Sun on Channel 5 with Amanda Lamb and JB Gill

Sam Pinkham hosts The Sun online bike blog. Honda worked with him for their Just Ride campaign with Virgin Radio. He also hosts TheCarCrowd's YouTube channel and fronts many of The Car Crowd's videos and events.

Pinkham is also known for his on-air work with Amy Voce, presenting the Sam and Amy breakfast show on Gem 106 (formerly Heart East Midlands) for eleven years. The programme won two Gold Radio Academy Awards (2013 & 2014), Gold at the 2015 Arqiva Commercial Radio Awards and Silver at the 2016 ARIAS. The duo have also presented cover shows for BBC Radio 2 and Magic.

Heart (radio network)
Heart is a network of thirteen independent adult contemporary radio stations in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming, although only the stations in Scotland and Wales still have their own shows. Ten of the stations are owned and operated by Global, while the other three are owned and operated under separate franchise agreements. The national version of the network is widely available on Global Player, Freeview, Sky, Freesat, Virgin Media and Digital One DAB.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, the entire Heart network has been named "UK biggest radio brand," receiving 12.71 million weekly listeners, beating edgily behind their rival station BBC Radio 2 (with 12.7 million). Heart Breakfast, hosted by Jamie Theakston and Amanda Holden, has 4.1 million listeners, on par with BBC Radio 1 morning show, hosted by Greg James.
Akeem Dewar
Akeem Mark Anthony Dewar (born 30 August 1991) is a Jamaican cricketer who has played for both the Jamaica national team and the Combined Campuses and Colleges in West Indian domestic cricket, as well as representing the Jamaica Tallawahs franchise in the Caribbean Premier League.

A right-arm leg-spin bowler, Dewar played for the West Indies under-19s at the 2010 Under-19 World Cup in New Zealand. His best performance at the tournament came against Bangladesh, when he took 3/63 from ten overs. Dewar made his first-class debut for Jamaica in April 2010, playing against Ireland in the 2009–10 Regional Four Day Competition. He made a further appearance for Jamaica the following season, but for the 2011–12 season switched to the Combined Campuses. Against Barbados in February 2013, Dewar took a maiden first-class five-wicket haul, 7/116. He subsequently signed with the Jamaica Tallawahs franchise for the 2013 Caribbean Premier League season, but played only a single match.

2013 Caribbean Premier League
The 2013 Caribbean Premier League or for sponsorship reasons, Limacol CPL 2013 was the inaugural season of the Caribbean Premier League, established by the West Indies Cricket Board. The tournament began on 30 July and ended on 24 August 2013.
Islam and association football
Some association football players are Muslims, and their clubs have adapted to their principles. In addition association football is generally the most popular sport in the Arab world.

In July 2013, BBC journalist Rob Cowling remarked that Muslim players were changing the culture of English football. The Islamic observance of Ramadan, affects the ability of players to train and play, while some players have refused to wear football shirts sponsored by gambling and finance companies, as gambling and charging interest are prohibited in Islam.

Some Muslim players have been subjected to racist abuse in the sport, and clubs which sign Muslim players have also been targeted.

Maisir
In Islam, Maisir (Arabic: ميسر, romanized: maisîr, maysir, maisira or قمار qimâr) refers to gambling. Maisir is totally prohibited by Islamic law (Sharia) on the grounds that:

"the agreement between participants is based on immoral inducement provided by entirely wishful hopes in the participants' minds that they will gain by mere chance, with no consideration for the possibility of loss".
Rosa Rodríguez
Rosa Andreína Rodríguez Pargas (born 2 July 1986 in Acarigua, Portuguesa) is a Venezuelan hammer thrower. She is the Venezuelan record holder for the event with her personal best of 72.83 metres, set in May 2012, which she improved to 73.64 in 2013. Rodríguez represented Venezuela at the World Championships in Athletics in 2007, 2009, 2013 and 2015.

A former South American hammer champion at youth and junior levels, she won her first major medal at the South American Championships in 2005. She is a two-time Ibero-American gold medallist (2008, 2012) and two-time runner-up at the Central American and Caribbean Championships (2009, 2011). She competed at the 2011 Pan American Games and has also won medals at the Central American and Caribbean Games and Military World Games.

Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics
The Central American and Caribbean (CAC) Championships  was an international track and field athletics event organised by the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC), held once every two years from 1967 to 2013. Only athletes representing a member nation of the confederation were permitted to compete. Started in 1967, the event was held every two years except for the 2007 edition which was held in 2008 instead.

After 24 editions it was replaced with the NACAC Championships, beginning in 2015.
Rhinusa pilosa
Rhinusa pilosa is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. It is found exclusively on
Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), also known as common or yellow toadflax where it creates a gall on the plant's stem, and was found originally in Serbia. R. pilosa has been introduced in the United States and Canada as an biocontrol agent to control L. vulgaris.

Two related species formerly considered part of R. pilosa are  Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rara, which feed on Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/Linaria dalmatica, respectively.

Linaria dalmatica
Linaria dalmatica is a herbaceous, short-lived perennial plant native to western Asia and southeastern Europe that has become a weed in other areas. The family this plant now belongs to is the Plantaginaceae Family. Previously, it belonged to the Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) family. Its common names include Balkan toadflax, broadleaf toadflax, and Dalmatian toadflax. Linaria dalmatica has unique yellow flowers with an orange center that draw individuals to purchase them to display in their gardens. The distribution of L. dalmatica to North America can be attributed to use as a fabric dye, folk remedies and as an ornamental plant. However, it is now classified as a weed in both Canada and the U.S.
Canadian Golf Hall of Fame
The Canadian Golf Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum and hall of fame covering the history of the game of golf in Canada, and celebrating the careers and accomplishments of the most significant contributors to the game in that country. Operated by Golf Canada (governed by the Royal Canadian Golf Association), the governing body of golf in Canada, it is located on the grounds of Glen Abbey Golf Course in Oakville, Ontario, Canada, and is composed of an exhibit space (designed around 18 display spaces or 'holes'), a golf-related research library, and archives (containing both historical materials and the corporate records of the RCGA).

The Canadian Golf Hall of Fame is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, the International Sports Heritage Association, the Canadian Association for Sports Heritage, the Ontario Museum Association, and the Virtual Museum of Canada.

Canadian Museums Association
The Canadian Museums Association (CMA; French: Association des musées canadiens, AMC), is a national non-profit organization for the promotion of museums in Canada. It represents Canadian museum professionals both within Canada and internationally. As with most trade associations, it aims to improve the recognition, growth and stability of its constituency. Its staff supports their nearly 2,000 members with conferences, publications, and networking opportunities.

CMA members include national museums, non-profit museums, art galleries, science centres, aquariums, archives, sport halls-of-fame, artist-run centres, zoos and historic sites across Canada. They range from large metropolitan galleries to small community museums. All are dedicated to preserving and presenting Canada's cultural heritage to the public.
Sulfurovum lithotrophicum
Sulfurovum lithotrophicum is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the ε-Proteobacteria isolated from Okinawa Trough hydrothermal sediments. It is mesophilic and also oxidises thiosulfate. It is a gram-negative, non-motile and coccoid to oval-shaped bacterium. The type strain is 42BKTT (=ATCC BAA-797T =JCM 12117T).

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
John Melendez
John Edward Melendez (born October 4, 1965), also known as Stuttering John, is an American entertainer.

He is best known for being a staff member on The Howard Stern Show from 1988 to 2004. Initially working as an intern, Melendez became known for asking celebrities impertinent questions at events and press conferences with his stuttering. He left the show to become the announcer on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and also worked on Leno's later shows. He has presented The Stuttering John Podcast since 2018.

Kevin Eubanks
Kevin Tyrone Eubanks (born November 15, 1957) is an American jazz and fusion guitarist and composer. He was the leader of The Tonight Show Band with host Jay Leno from 1995 to its original conclusion in 2009, and briefly again from March to May 2010 when the program was revived. He also led The Primetime Band on the short-lived The Jay Leno Show from September 2009 to February 2010.
Adamsen
Adamsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maja Adamsen (born 1978), Danish cyclist

Søren Adamsen / Søren Nico Adamsen, Swedish musician, former member of Crystal Eyes and Artillery

Morten Adamsen (born 1981), Norwegian rower

Morten Adamsen
Morten Gundro Adamsen (born 10 September 1981) is a Norwegian competition rower. He was born in Drammen and represented Drammens RK. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he placed seventh in double sculls, together with Nils-Torolv Simonsen.
Sarah James
Sarah Agnes James (born 1946) is a Neets'aii Gwich'in activist from Arctic Village, Alaska, USA, but was born in Fort Yukon "because that is where the hospital was. I grew up part of the time in Fort Yukon and Salmon River, but most of the time in Arctic Village, Alaska."James is a board member of the International Indian Treaty Council. She was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2002, together with Jonathon Solomon and Norma Kassi. They received the prize for their efforts to protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) from plans of oil exploration and drilling. Oil and gas exploration would disturb the life cycle of the Porcupine caribou, which has been a foundation for the Gwich'in culture since approximately 18,000 BC.

Gwichʼin
The Gwichʼin (or Kutchin or Loucheux) are an Athabaskan-speaking First Nations people of Canada and an Alaska Native people. They live in the northwestern part of North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle.

Gwichʼin are well-known for their crafting of snowshoes, birchbark canoes, and the two-way sled. They are renowned for their intricate and ornate beadwork. They also continue to make traditional caribou-skin clothing and porcupine quillwork embroidery, both of which are highly regarded among Gwichʼin. Today, the Gwich’in economy consists mostly of hunting, fishing, and seasonal wage-paying employment.
Thiruvambadi Thamban
Thiruvambadi Thamban is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film sdirected by M. Padmakumar and written by S. Suresh Babu. It stars Jayaram in the lead role and also marks the debut of Kannada actor Kishore in Malayalam cinema. It also stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Nedumudi Venu, and Samuthirakani in supporting roles.

P. Samuthirakani
P. Samuthirakani (born 26 April 1973) is an Indian actor and film director who works predominantly in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He worked as an assistant to director K. Balachander, in Paarthale Paravasam. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2016 for Visaranai, he is also a recipient of three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, a Filmfare Award and a SIIMA award
Talbot Lago Record
The Talbot Lago Record Type T26 was a large, six-cylinder executive car launched by the French Talbot company in 1946. In the context of the company's protracted financial collapse, the last T26s were probably those produced during 1953.

The factory offered four body styles: a 4-door sedan, a convertible, a 2-door coach, and a 2-door "Surprofilé" coach.

Many coachbuilders, eager to satisfy an affluent clientele, crafted bespoke bodies: Saoutchik, Dubos Frères, Graber, Figoni & Falaschi, Veth & Zoon, Antem, and others. However, the unfavorable economic climate significantly limited the production of these unique models.

A few rare T26 Record models were equipped by the factory with the Grand Sport engine (190 hp, three Zenith Stromberg EX-32 carburetors, perforated camshafts, Alpax cylinder head, etc.): these were the Talbot Lago T26 Record Sport models. (Not to be confused with the Talbot Lago Grand Sport).

Antem
Antem Carrossier (initially: Antem & Monroig or Antem Monroig & Guyot) was a French coachbuilding company that, in the period between the world wars and a short time afterwards, produced one-off bodies for luxury car chassis, as well as some bodies in small series production.
Pelikan Island
Pelikan Island (Bulgarian: остров Пеликан, romanized: ostrov Pelikan, IPA: [ˈɔstrof pɛliˈkan]) is the 290 m long in southwest-northeast direction and 160 m wide rocky island lying in Belimel Bay on the southwest coast of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Pelikan of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.