hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabi katibi
Arabi katibi (Ottoman Turkish:عربي كاتبى), also katib-i Arabi (كاتب عربي): "Arab secretary" or "secretary of Arabic (language)" was a low-level administrative position in some Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire beginning approximately in the eighteenth century. The position is best documented in the province of Sidon (Sidon Eyalet), where the Arabi katibi appears to have been primarily responsible for registering rural tax farm (iltizam) contracts and incomes. Other cities where an Arabi katibi is attested in the eighteenth or nineteenth century include Aleppo, Tripoli, Hama, Latakia and Urfa. "Arabi Katibi" has also become a common family name in the Levant.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Michigan's 64th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 64th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 64th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Sanilac and St. Clair counties. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.

Sanilac County, Michigan
Sanilac County (/sænəlæk/ SAN-ə-lack) is a county located in the Thumb region of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 40,611. The county seat is Sandusky. The county was created on September 10, 1822, and was fully organized on December 31, 1849. Sanilac County is considered to be part of the Thumb of Michigan, a subregion of the Flint/Tri-Cities. Sanilac County enjoys seasonal tourism in towns such as Lexington, Port Sanilac, and Carsonville. Sanilac County is economically attached to St. Clair County and Huron County and is largely composed of nearly flat areas of rich soil.
Jagdstaffel 58
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 58, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 58, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The squadron would score 24 aerial victories during the war, including nine observation balloons downed. The unit's victories came at the expense of five killed in action, two wounded in action, and one injured in an aviation accident.

Balloon buster
Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons. These pilots were noted for their fearlessness, as balloons were stationary targets able to receive heavy defenses, from the ground and the air. Seventy-seven flying aces in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons, and thus were balloon aces.
History of cricket in South Africa from 1990–91 to 2000
South Africa resumed official international cricket in 1991 after the moratorium imposed by the International Cricket Conference in 1970 was lifted. This was the first edition of the sir Vivian Richards trophy. This had restricted official contact with South Africa as a response to the policy of apartheid and South Africa's refusal to select non-white players for their international sporting teams. It formed part of the wider sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African national team made a short tour of India in 1991. It then played in the 1992 Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand. The decade saw a number of tours of South Africa by major international teams as well as the continued playing of domestic competitions.

KwaZulu-Natal cricket team
KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) is the first-class cricket team that represents the province of KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) in South Africa in the CSA 4-Day Domestic Series (previously the Currie Cup). KwaZulu-Natal is the only team that did not merge with another during the 2004 restructuring, but were rebranded as the Dolphins. However, the KwaZulu-Natal Inland cricket team was granted first-class status in 2006, and began competing in the CSA Provincial Competitions in 2006-2007, and were also represented by the Dolphins franchise. The team was originally called Natal and began playing in December 1889 at the start of first-class cricket in South Africa. The team joined the Currie Cup in 1893–94. The name changed in April 1998.
The Pajama Game
The Pajama Game is a musical based on the 1953 novel 7½ Cents by Richard Bissell.
The book is by George Abbott and Richard Bissell; the music and lyrics are by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross. Dances were staged by Bob Fosse in his choreography debut. The story deals with labor troubles and romance in a pajama factory.

The original Broadway production opened on May 13, 1954, at the St. James Theatre, and ran for 1,063 performances, with a brief stop at the Shubert Theatre at the end of the run. It was revived in 1973, and again in 2006 by The Roundabout Theatre Company. The original production, produced by Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince, won a Tony Award for Best Musical. The 2006 Broadway revival won a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical.  The musical is a popular choice for community and school group productions.

The original West End production opened at the London Coliseum on October 13, 1955, where it ran for 588 performances.

Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical
The Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical has been awarded since 1994. Before that time, both plays and musicals were considered together for the Tony Award for Best Revival. The award is given to the producers of the best musical play which has already appeared on Broadway in a previous production, or is regarded as being in the common theatrical repertoire. Like Best Musical, excerpts from the musicals that are nominated for this award are usually performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

As of 2026, composers are also eligible for this award, when a show is considered a revival but has not previously appeared on Broadway.
Alfredo S. G. Taylor
Alfredo S. G. Taylor (1872–1947) was an architect, of the New York firm Taylor & Levi, which he co-founded with Julian Clarence Levi.

He was educated at Harvard College, class of 1894, and received his B.S. from Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation in 1897.

Many of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.  At least two, the Starling W. Childs House and the Frederick W. Rockwell House, both in Norfolk, Connecticut, were documented in the U.S. Historic American Buildings Survey.

Hillside (Norfolk, Connecticut), was designed by Taylor for an heiress of the Remington Arms business fortune, and was built in 1908.  It is one of his more "spectacular" houses.

Taylor was the designer of over thirty buildings in Norfolk, Connecticut, in a wide variety of styles, in the four decades before the Second World War.  He designed a lavish summer pavilion in Norfolk's Dennis Hill State Park, of which only remnants survive.

Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
The Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) is the architecture school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It is also home to the Masters of Science program in Advanced Architectural Design, Computational Design Practice, Critical Curatorial & Conceptual Practices, Historic Preservation, Real Estate Development, Urban Design, and Urban Planning.

The school's resources include the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, the United States' largest architectural library and home to some of the first books published on architecture, as well as the origin of the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals.

Recent deans of the school have included architects James Stewart Polshek (1972–1987), Bernard Tschumi (1988–2003), Mark Wigley (2004–2014), Amale Andraos (2014–2021), Weiping Wu (Interim Dean, 2022), and Andrés Jaque (2022–present).
John Howard Yoder
John Howard Yoder (December 29, 1927 – December 30, 1997) was an American Mennonite theologian and ethicist best known for his defense of Christian pacifism. His most influential book was The Politics of Jesus, which was first published in 1972. Yoder was a Mennonite and wrote from an Anabaptist perspective. He spent the latter part of his career teaching at the University of Notre Dame.

In 1992, media reports emerged that Yoder had sexually abused women in preceding decades, with as many as over 50 complainants. The Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary acknowledged in a statement from 2014 that sexual abuse had taken place and it had been tolerated partly because he was the leading Mennonite theologian of his day and partly because there were not the safeguards in place that there are today.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Nizamsagar
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Nizamabad ( Telugu: జవహర్ నవోదయ విద్యాలయము, నిజామబాద్) (Hindi: जवाहर नवोदया विद्यालय, निज़ामाबाद) (Urdu: جواہر نوودی اسکول، نجاماباد) known as JNV,Nizamabad or JNV Nizamsagar is an Indian school for talented children and form a part of the system of gifted education. Its significance lies in the selection of talented rural children as the target group and the attempt to provide them with quality education comparable to the best in a residential school system, without regard to their family's socio-economic condition.

It is located Nizamsagar village. The admission process includes an All India Entrance Exam, held at district level.

Gifted education
Gifted education (also known as gifted and talented education (GATE), talented and gifted programs (TAG), or G&T education) is a type of education used for children who have been identified as gifted or talented.

The main approaches to gifted education are enrichment and acceleration. An enrichment program teaches additional, deeper material, but keeps the student progressing through the curriculum at the same rate as their peers. For example, after gifted students have completed the standard curriculum, an enrichment program might provide them with additional information about a subject. An acceleration program advances the student through the standard curriculum faster than normal. This is normally done by having the students skip one to two grades.

Being gifted and talented usually means being able to score in the top percentile on IQ exams. The percentage of students selected varies, generally with 10% or fewer being selected for gifted education programs.
Jared Goldberg
Jared Goldberg (born June 17, 1991) is an American World Cup alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team, and resident of Holladay, Utah.

Goldberg was the 2010 U.S. Junior Championships combined champion, and won the downhill title in the 2013 U.S. Championships. Goldberg competed for the United States in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Fort de Liers
50°41′58.8″N 5°34′54.9″E﻿ / ﻿50.699667°N 5.581917°E﻿ / 50.699667; 5.581917

The Fort de Liers (French pronunciation: [fɔʁ də ljɛʁs]) is one of twelve forts built around Liège, Belgium, in the late 19th century. The overall Fortified Position of Liège was a constituent part of the country's National Redoubt. Fort de Liers was built between 1881 and 1884 according to the plans of General Henri Alexis Brialmont. Contrasting with the French forts built in the same era by Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières, the fort was built exclusively of unreinforced concrete, a new material, rather than masonry. The fort was heavily bombarded by German artillery in the Battle of Liège. Liers was never upgraded like the other forts of Liège. It is now used as a test site for aircraft engines and is not accessible to the public.

Counterscarp
A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides, respectively, of a ditch or moat used in fortifications. Attackers (if they have not bridged the ditch) must descend the counterscarp and ascend the scarp. In permanent fortifications, the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers, but to make advancing and retreating more difficult.

If an attacker succeeds in breaching a wall, a coupure can be dug on the inside of the wall to hinder the forlorn hope, in which case the side of the ditch furthest from the breached wall and closest to the centre of the fortification is also called the counterscarp.
Istamgulovo
Istamgulovo (Russian: Истамгулово; Bashkir: Ыҫтамғол, Iśtamğol) is a rural locality (a village) in Uralsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 278 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Uchalinsky District
Uchalinsky District (Russian: Учали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Учалы районы, Uçalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, east, and south, Abzelilovsky District in the south, and with Beloretsky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,510 square kilometers (1,740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uchaly (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 35,480.
La Higa
Higa (spanish: La Higa) is a mountain in Monreal, Navarre, Spain, to the southeast of Pamplona. It marks the southern tip of the Alaitz mountain range, which forms part of the Pyrenees.

At the peak of La Higa (at 1,289 metres (4,229 ft)) can be found the hermitage of Santa Bárbara, the patron saint of Monreal. There is also a 50 KW repeater antenna for RNE. At the foot of the mountain is the village of Monreal, which forms part of the Camino de Santiago. In the past, Monreal was used as a hunting base by the Kings of Navarre.

Radio Nacional de España
Radio Nacional de España (acronym RNE, branded rne, lit. transl. "National Radio of Spain") is the national state-owned public service radio broadcaster in Spain.

RNE is the radio division and Televisión Española (TVE) is the television division of Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the public corporation which has the overall responsibility for the national broadcasting public services under a Parliament-appointed president who, in addition to being answerable to a board of directors, reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006.

RNE launched its first station on 19 January 1937. It is currently headquartered at Casa de la Radio at Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón.
Ngaparou
Ngaparou (or N'gaparu) is a coastal town with commune status in western Senegal (about 75 km south of Dakar), located in M'Bour Department and Thiès Region on the Petite Côte, near Saly. It is adjacent to the town of Somone and it shares a similar tourist industry, but its main income is from fishing.

Petite Côte
15°00′00″N 17°00′00″W﻿ / ﻿15.000°N 17.000°W﻿ / 15.000; -17.000
The Petite Côte is a stretch of coast in Senegal, running south from the Cap-Vert peninsula to the Saloum Delta, near the border with the Gambia.

The northern section near Dakar contains seaside resorts such as Saly Portudal, Rufisque, Nianing and Popenguine-Ndayane. The entire coast is part of the city of M'Bour, with fishing villages, such as Toubab Dialaw, Joal-Fadiout, Palmarin and Djiffer.
Joe Hannah
Joe Hannah (30 November 1898 – 1 February 1975) was a footballer and a member of the Norwich City Hall of Fame.

Hannah made 427 appearances for Norwich as a centre-half and full-back between 1921 and 1935, scoring 21 times. He stood 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall.

Hannah is in fifth place in the list of all-time appearances for Norwich City. (See List of Norwich City F.C. club records) "Legend has it that Hannah was once so annoyed with his performance, he walked home from Norwich to Sheringham as a punishment."

After completing his football career, he worked as the Steward at The Morley Club in Sheringham until his retirement.

Norwich City F.C. Hall of Fame
The Norwich City F.C. Hall of Fame honours Norwich City F.C. players, coaches, managers, directors and executives who have "made the greatest contribution to the club in its long history both on and off the pitch." During the club's centenary season (2002–03), a Hall of Fame was created. Initially, 100 significant figures from the club's history were honoured; 25 were nominated by the Norwich City Football Club Historical Trust and a further 75 were subsequently elected by supporters. A further 20 members were inducted in 2006 and 2009, again with some chosen by the Trust and some elected by supporters. In 2012, another eight members were selected, three by the Norwich City Football Club Historical Trust and five elected by supporters.

Six members of the Hall of Fame both played for and managed or coached at the club, most recently Gary Megson and Doug Livermore, respectively. Mike Walker is the only manager in the list to have had two spells as City manager.
Calumet Hotel (Pipestone, Minnesota)
The Calumet Hotel, also known as the Calumet Inn, anchors the historic district of downtown Pipestone, Minnesota, United States.  The three-story Richardsonian Romanesque hotel was built with light pink jasper quartzite as opposed to the red Sioux quartzite used in most other downtown buildings.   The present hotel was built to replace a previous hotel, also three-stories, which was destroyed in an 1886 fire.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Mahindra NuvoSport
The Mahindra Quanto was a 7-seater mini SUV designed and manufactured by the Indian automaker Mahindra & Mahindra. Since 2016, the facelifted version of the Quanto was marketed as the Mahindra NuvoSport.

Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra and Mahindra is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the Mahindra Tractors subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors. Anish Shah is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.
Paul Barnett (video game designer)
Paul Barnett is an English game designer who is a Global Product Director at Wargaming, working on their game World of Tanks. Before that he worked at Electronic Arts' Office of the Chief Creative Officer and was the General Manager of Mythic Entertainment, a subsidiary of EA. Barnett had a lead role in developing EA's Warhammer Online MMO in Europe.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Yassine Benrahou
Yassine Otmane Benrahou (born 24 January 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as midfielder for Turkish TFF 1. Lig club Manisa. Born in France, he previously represented France and Morocco at youth international level.

French Football Federation
The French Football Federation (abbr. FFF and 3F; or Triple F; French: Fédération Française de Football, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz də futbol]) is the governing body of football in France. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, Paris. The FFF is a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA, who were founding members.