hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elisabeth Leinfellner
Elisebeth Leinfellner (October 14, 1938 – January 4, 2010) was professor in linguistics at the University of Vienna, Department of Linguistics. She moved to the United States in 1967, and taught at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska, and at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. She is notable for her contributions to linguistics and philosophy. She received the Austrian Grand Decoration of Honour for services to the province of Lower Austria for Science and Art.  She co-founded the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society and International Wittgenstein Symposium.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Stephen Tomusange
Stephen Salonga Tomusange was an Anglican bishop who served in Uganda during the second half of the 20th century.

He was educated at King's College Budo and Buwalasi Theological College. He was ordained deacon in 1936 and priest in 1938. He served in the Diocese of the Upper Nile and was its Assistant Bishop from 1952 to 1961 (he was also Archdeacon of Teso from 1959).  He was translated to Soroti in 1961;  and again to West Buganda in 1965 (where he was also Dean). Tomusange retired in 1974.

Teso sub-region
Teso sub-region (previously known as Teso District) is a sub-region in Eastern Region, Uganda that consists of:

Amuria District

Bukedea District

Kaberamaido District

Kapelebyong District

Katakwi District

Kumi District

Ngora District

Serere District

Soroti District

The sub-region covers an area of 13,030.6 km and is home to an estimated 2.5 million people of Iteso and Kumam ethnicity. home to the Iteso people, known for agriculture (especially citrus), cattle rearing, and distinct culture, encompassing districts like Soroti, Kumi, Amuria, and Katakwi, and facing challenges like past insecurity but showing potential in resources like oil, with strong cultural ties to other Nilotic groups

Politically, Pallisa District does not belong to Teso Sub-region although Iteso tribes populate larger parts of this district.
2022 Swiss Open Gstaad – Singles
Defending champion Casper Ruud defeated Matteo Berrettini in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–4), 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Swiss Open Gstaad.

The semifinal lineup comprised Ruud, Berrettini, Albert Ramos Viñolas, and Dominic Thiem. All four players were former Gstaad champions (Ruud in 2021, Berrettini in 2018, Ramos Viñolas in 2019, and Thiem in 2015), marking the first ATP Tour tournament where all four semifinalists were former champions since the 2010 Rogers Cup.

Yannick Hanfmann
Yannick Hanfmann (born 13 November 1991) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 45 achieved on 3 July 2023 and a best doubles ranking of No. 81 achieved on 15 July 2024.

He is known for his powerful serves (up to 143 mph) and groundstrokes.

Hanfmann played college tennis at the University of Southern California.
4th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 4th Arkansas Infantry (August 17, 1861 – April 26, 1865) was a Confederate States Army infantry regiment from the state of Arkansas during the American Civil War. The 4th Arkansas served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles. Another Arkansas unit also had the designation 4th Arkansas, the 4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, but was never transferred to Confederate Service. There is no connection between the two units.

Battle of Nashville
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting west of the coastal states in the American Civil War. It was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on December 15–16, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Lieutenant General John Bell Hood and the Union Army of the Cumberland (Dept. of the Cumberland) (AoC) under Major General George H. Thomas. In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force.
San Jose and Mount Vernon station
San Jose and Mount Vernon station was a light rail stop on the Muni Metro M Ocean View line, located in the Ingleside neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The station had two side platforms (traffic islands) in the middle of San Jose Avenue; the inbound platform is located on a bridge over Interstate 280. The platforms were not accessible.

The station opened with the extension of the line to Balboa Park station on August 30, 1980. In 2022, the SFMTA begin planning the M Ocean View Transit and Safety Project, a MuniForward project intended to improve reliability of the segment between Junipero Serra Boulevard and Balboa Park station. Initial proposals released that September called for the platforms at Mount Vernon to be extended. A revised proposal in May 2023, however, called for the stop to be closed. The station closed on September 28, 2024, along with the Ocean and Westgate / Ocean and Cerritos stations on the K Ingleside.

K Ingleside
The K Ingleside is a light rail line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. It mainly serves the West Portal and Ingleside neighborhoods. The line opened on February 3, 1918, and was the first line to use the Twin Peaks Tunnel.
Phial of Galadriel
The Phial of Galadriel is an object in J. R. R. Tolkien's epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings. It is a gift from the Elf-lady Galadriel to the protagonist Frodo Baggins, who uses its brilliant light at several critical moments during his journey to Mount Doom.

Tolkien added the Phial late in the writing of The Lord of the Rings; it appears only in his fifth version of the chapter "Farewell to Lothlórien".

The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger describes the Phial as a splinter of the created light. This came ultimately from the Two Trees of Valinor, by way of a Silmaril made from their light, and then via Galadriel's fountain which captured a little of that Silmaril's light, shining as Eärendil's star. The Phial is one of the elements that associate the character of Galadriel with light, water, and Mary, mother of Jesus, indicating Galadriel's psychological pairing with the evil spider Shelob, symbolising light against darkness.

Elves in Middle-earth
In J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, Elves are the first fictional race to appear in Middle-earth. Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves  do not die of disease or old age. Should they die in battle or of grief, their souls go to the Halls of Mandos in Aman. After a long life in Middle-earth, Elves yearn for the Earthly Paradise of Valinor, and can sail there from the Grey Havens. They are prominent in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, and their history is described in detail in The Silmarillion.

Tolkien derived Elves from mentions in the ancient poetry and languages of Northern Europe, especially Old English. These suggested to him that Elves were large, dangerous, beautiful, lived in wild natural places, and practised archery. He invented languages for the Elves, including Sindarin and Quenya.

Tolkien-style Elves have become a staple of fantasy literature. They have appeared, too, in film and role-playing game adaptations of Tolkien's works.
Robin Oake
Robin Oake QPM (born 1937) is the former Chief Constable of the Isle of Man Constabulary and before that Assistant Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police.

Chief Constable of the Isle of Man from 1986 to 1999, he was succeeded by Mike Culverhouse and is the father of Detective Constable Stephen Oake, who was stabbed to death while attempting to arrest an Al Qaeda suspect. Although nominated for the George Cross, his son was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal. Oake wrote the book Father Forgive: The Forgotten 'F' Word following his son's murder. Robin is a strong evangelical Christian, like Stephen Oake was, and publicly forgave his son's murderer.

Oake serves as Chairman of the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games Association.

Assistant chief constable
Assistant chief constable (ACC) is the third highest rank in all British territorial police forces (except the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police, in which the equivalent rank is commander), as well as the British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence Police and Civil Nuclear Constabulary.

Each force has between one and six assistant chief constables. They are the lowest officers at chief officer level, below the chief constable and deputy chief constable, and rank immediately above chief superintendents. Assistant chief constables usually hold portfolios (e.g. for crime, operations or territorial policing). In larger forces, ACCs may be given responsibilities for policing major territories within the force area.

Senior police civilian staff (such as directors of finance and resources) hold equivalent status and are generally known as assistant chief officers.
Mustaffa Abd Rahman
Mustaffa Bin Abd Rahman is a Malaysian businessman and he was conferred the award of "Darjah Kebesaran Peringkat Pertama Sri Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang"  which carries the title Dato' Sri by the Sultan of Pahang on 4 February 2017.

Currently, Dato’ Sri Mustaffa is a Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of AMP Corporation (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.
Pyrenula solomonii
Pyrenula solomonii is a species of lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. It was first described in 2025 by Andrew J. Marshall, Peter de Lange, Dan Blanchon and André Aptroot. Endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand and easily identifiable by its pink colour when fresh, the species is currently only known to grow on the bark of a single Coprosma chathamica tree.

Pyrenulaceae
The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.
Aiko Uemura
Aiko Uemura (上村 愛子, Uemura Aiko) is a Japanese freestyle skier. She participates in moguls and dual moguls.

Her family moved to Hakuba town, Nagano Prefecture, Japan in 1986. She graduated from Hakuba High School in 1998, and works for the Kitano Construction Corporation in Nagano city, Japan.

She is the first Japanese woman to win the 2007–08 World Cup in moguls, and also won two gold medals at FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2009. She took part in the Winter Olympic Games in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014.

In June 2009, she married alpine skier Kentaro Minagawa.

At the 2014 Sochi Olympics, she was beaten for bronze by Hannah Kearney, the previous Olympic champion.

Freestyle skiing at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Four freestyle skiing events were held at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, at the venue in Deer Valley.  There were both men's and women's competition in both aerials and moguls events.  In moguls, the athletes ski down a slope littered with moguls (bumps), attempting to get down in as fast a time as possible while also attempting to get points for technique and their two aerial jumps during the course.  The aerials events consisted of two jumps, which were judged by air, form and landing.
Classic Nuts, Vol. 1
Classic Nuts, Vol. 1 is the last of three greatest hits albums by hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released by Loud Records during its merger with Relativity on February 19, 2002. Released prior to The Originators, another 2002 Beatnuts album, it only contains songs from The Beatnuts' first four full-length albums and Intoxicated Demons: The EP. It additionally features two exclusive songs, "We Got the Funk" and "However Whenever (You Want It)". The album failed to chart, but received a positive review from Allmusic.

Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.
Viavenator
Viavenator (meaning "road hunter") is a genus of carnivorous abelisaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in the Santonian-aged (Late Cretaceous) Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Argentina. Only a single species is known, V. exxoni, formally described in 2016 by Filippi and colleagues.

Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.
Jamestown Opera House
The Jamestown Opera House is a historic government building and community center in the village of Jamestown, Ohio, United States.  It has been named a historic site because of its well-preserved architecture.  Besides serving as a theater, the opera house has functioned as the community's village hall, its fire station, its post office, and its library.

Community centre
A community centre, community center, or community hall is a public location where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian churches, Islamic mosques, Jewish synagogues, Hindu temples, or Buddhist temples; though they can also be secular and in some cases government-run, such as youth clubs or Leisure centres.
Jonathan A. C. Brown
Jonathan Andrew Cleveland Brown (born August 7, 1977) is an American scholar of Islamic studies. Since 2012, he has served as a professor at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. He holds the Alwaleed bin Talal Chair of Islamic Civilization at Georgetown University. Brown is an advisor to the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, where he formerly served as Director of Research.

Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market. Based in London, it later added a literary fiction list (in 2009) and both a children's list (Rock the Boat, 2015) and an upmarket crime list (Point Blank, 2016), and now publishes across a wide range of subjects, including history, politics, current affairs, popular science, religion, philosophy, and psychology, as well as literary fiction, crime fiction and suspense, and children's titles.
Undead
The undead are beings in mythology, legend, or fiction that are deceased but behave as if they were alive. A common example of an undead being is a corpse reanimated by supernatural forces, by the application of either the deceased's own life force or that of a supernatural being (such as a demon, or other evil spirit). The undead may be incorporeal (ghosts) or corporeal (mummies, vampires, skeletons,  and zombies).

The undead are featured in the belief systems of most cultures, and appear in many works of fantasy and horror fiction. The term is also occasionally used for real-life attempts to resurrect the dead with science and technology, from early experiments like Robert E. Cornish's to future sciences such as "chemical brain preservation" and "cryonics." While the term usually refers to corporeal entities, in some cases (for example, in Dungeons & Dragons), the term also includes incorporeal forms of the dead, such as ghosts.

Dullahan
The Dullahan (Irish: Dubhlachan; dúlachán, /ˈduːləˌhɑːn/) is a type of legendary creature in Irish folklore. He is depicted as a headless rider on a black horse, or as a coachman, who carries his own head. As it is not widely described in native sources, there is doubt as to whether the Dullahan was originally a part of the Irish oral tradition.
National caveats
A national caveat is a restriction that North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members place on the use of their forces. NATO General Bantz J. Craddock, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), was quoted as saying all caveats must be removed in February 2007 in an article written by the Associated Press. The level of constraints (i.e. caveats) is tied directly to the level of national interests a country has in a particular mission and the level of risk it is willing to take.

Bantz J. Craddock
Bantz John Craddock (born 24 August 1949) is a former United States Army general. His last military assignment was as Commander, United States European Command and NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe from December 2006 to 30 June 2009. He also served as Commander, United States Southern Command from 9 November 2004 to December 2006. After his retirement in 2009, he became chief executive of Military Professional Resources, Inc. (MPRI).
Scutum from Dura-Europos
The scutum from Dura-Europos is the only surviving semi-cylindrical shield (scutum) from Roman times. It is now in the Yale University Art Gallery (inventory number 1933.715). The shield was found in the excavation campaign of 1928/37 on Tower 19 of Dura-Europos (in present-day Syria). The city was besieged by the Sassanids in 256, eventually captured and destroyed. The dry climate enables very good conservation conditions for organic materials such as wood. Since the city housed a Roman garrison and was lost during a siege, a particularly large number of weapons were found during the excavations.

Scutum
The scutum (Classical Latin: [ˈskuːt̪ʊ̃]; pl.:scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC.

The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples (Latin: manipuli). In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum, which was larger. Originally, it was oblong and convex, but by the first century BC, it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only kind the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shapes were used throughout Roman history.
Rosapoo
Rosapoo (transl. Rose Flower) is a 2018 Malayalam-language comedy-drama film writte  and directed by Vinu Joseph. The film produced by Shibu Thameens stars Biju Menon and Neeraj Madhav in the lead roles along with Soubin Shahir, Anjali, Alencier Ley Lopez, and  Vijayaraghavan. The music is composed by Sushin Shyam.  It portrays the porn movie market that boomed in the 2000–2010 decade.

Alencier Ley Lopez
Alencier Ley Lopez is an Indian film and theatre actor, who appears in Malayalam films. Lopez made his debut in the 1998 film Daya; and he worked in films like Annayum Rasoolum (2013), Njan Steve Lopez (2013), and Maheshinte Prathikaaram (2016).
Sarath Ranawaka
Jayasiri Sarath Kumara Ranawaka (15 July 1951 – 25 July 2009) was a Member of Parliament representing Kalutara Electoral District.

He was educated at Nalanda College Colombo.

Ranawaka was first elected to parliament as the United National Party candidate at the 9th parliamentary election, held on 15 February 1989, for multi-member electoral district of Kalutura. He was re-elected at the 10th parliamentary election, held on 16 August 1994.  He failed to get re-elected at the 11th parliamentary election, held on 10 October 2000, but was successful at the 13th parliamentary election, held on 2 April 2004, where he stood as one of the United National Front/United National Party candidates.

Ranawaka died on the morning of 25 July 2009 at Sri Jayawardenapura General Hospital. His parliamentary replacement, Ananda Lakshman Wijemanna, was sworn in on 6 August 2009.

2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 10 October 2000.

The People's Alliance (PA) government Kumaratunga had led for six years was facing increasing criticism on two fronts: a series of military defeats at the hands of the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the country's civil war, and the faltering performance of the economy.

The elections were marred by violence.  Seventy people were killed during the campaign, including six on election day itself. Both the UNP and SLMC accused the PA of election fraud and intimidation.

As was the case for most elections during the war, few ballots were cast in LTTE-held parts of the country.
Backwater darter
The backwater darter (Etheostoma zonifer), a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, is a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae: part of the family Percidae that also contains the perches, ruffes, and pikeperches. The Backwater darter is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in streams on the coastal plain in the Mobile Bay drainage in Alabama and Mississippi.  Specifically, E. zonifer inhabits mud-bottomed, often vegetated, pools of sluggish creeks and small rivers. This species can reach a length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in).

Sander (fish)
Sander (formerly known as Stizostedion) is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae.

The earliest known fossils of this genus are partial jaw and vertebrae elements from the middle Miocene (Barstovian)-aged Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada.