hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Archaeology of Samoa
Archaeology of Samoa began with the first systematic survey of archaeological remains on Savai'i island by Jack Golson in 1957. Since then, surveys and studies in the rest of Samoa have uncovered major findings of settlements, stone and earth mounds including star mounds, Lapita pottery remains and pre-historic artifacts.

An important part of archaeology in Samoa and Oceania involves finding the answer to the origins of Polynesians, ongoing research which is being undertaken in conjunction with other fields including linguistics and genetics.

The oldest date so far from pre-historic remains in Samoa has been calculated by New Zealand scientists to a likely true age of circa 3,000 BP (Before Present) from a Lapita site at Mulifanua during the 1970s.

Sapapaliʻi
Sapapaliʻi is a village near the southeast coast of Savaiʻi island in Samoa. It is the village where John Williams, the first missionary to bring Christianity to Samoa, landed in 1830. Sapapali'i is in the Fa'asaleleaga political district and has a population of 896.

Sapapaliʻi became the second Malietoa base in the district in 1750 when Malietoa Tiʻa married a woman from the village. Their son Malietoa Fitisemanu was the father of Malietoa Vaiinupo who received Williams in 1830.

Sapapaliʻi is 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Salelologa ferry terminal and township.
Watering the Flowers
Watering the Flowers (French: L'Arroseur) was an 1896 French silent short comedy film directed by Georges Méliès. It was released by Méliès's company Star Film and is numbered 6 in its catalogues. The film was made in imitation of the more famous Louis Lumière film L'Arroseur Arrosé. It is currently presumed lost.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Vladimir Kuzichkin
Vladimir Anatolyevich Kuzichkin Владимир Анатольевич Кузичкин (born 1947) is a former Soviet foreign intelligence officer who defected to Great Britain. He worked as an undercover agent for the KGB in Iran beginning in 1977. The details of his defection are uncertain, but he arrived in Great Britain in October 1982. Kuzichkin gave information on Soviet operations, agents, and socialist activists to MI6; British intelligence and the CIA then provided the information to the Khomeini regime, which executed many of the agents and socialist activists.

His memoirs were published by Andre Deutsch in the UK in 1990 as Inside the KGB: Myth and Reality. Pantheon Books published the U.S. edition in 1991 under the title Inside the KGB: My Life in Soviet Espionage.

Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor by their original side.
Duchy of Białogarda
Duchy of Białogarda (Polish: Księstwo białogardzkie) was a duchy in the Pomerelia centred around its capital, Białogarda. It was formed in 1233 from the partition of the Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo, and existed until 1262 when it was incorporated into the State of the Teutonic Order. Its only ruler was duke Racibor of Białogarda of the Samboride dynasty.

Casimir I of Kuyavia
Casimir I of Kuyavia (Polish: Kazimierz I kujawski; c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of Sieradz from 1247-1261, Duke of Łęczyca after 1247, and Duke of Dobrzyń after 1248.

He was the second son of Konrad I of Masovia and his wife Agafia of Rus. He was probably named after his grandfather, Casimir II the Just.
James Thomas Jr.
James Edward Thomas Jr. is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the safeties coach  at the University of Maryland. He has also coached at Graceland University, Western New Mexico University, Clarion University, and Angelo State University.

Angelo State University
Angelo State University is a public university in San Angelo, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1928 as San Angelo College. It gained university status and awarded its first baccalaureate degrees in 1967 and graduate degrees in 1969, the same year it took on its current name. It offers 50 undergraduate programs and 31 graduate programs. It is the second-largest campus in the Texas Tech University System.
Saber Abar
Saber Abar (Persian: صابر اَبَر; born June 8, 1984) is an Iranian actor, director and writer. He is best known for his performance in About Elly (2008), directed by Academy Award-winning Asghar Farhadi. He has received various accolades, including two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award, in addition to nominations for two Crystal Simorghs and two Hafez Awards.

About Elly
About Elly (Persian: درباره الی, translit. Darbāre-ye Eli) is a 2009 Iranian drama film. The fourth film by filmmaker Asghar Farhadi, the film examines middle class relationships in Iran.

It received universal acclaim. Farhadi won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival. The film was also nominated for 10 awards at the 27th Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran where Farhadi won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Director. About Elly was Iran's official submission for the competition in the Foreign Film section at the 82nd Academy Awards.
Just a Gigolo (1931 film)
Just a Gigolo is a 1931 American Pre-Code romantic comedy film released by MGM. It was directed by Jack Conway, produced by Irving Thalberg and starred William Haines, Irene Purcell, C. Aubrey Smith, and Ray Milland. It was adapted from the 1930 play of the same name, which also starred Irene Purcell in the role of Roxana 'Roxy' Hartley. The film features the song "Just a Gigolo".

Jack Conway (filmmaker)
Hugh Ryan "Jack" Conway (July 17, 1886 – October 11, 1952) was an American film director and film producer, as well as an actor of many films in the first half of the 20th century.

Conway and director Edmund Goulding share the distinction of directing the most Best Picture-nominated films without ever being nominated for Best Director, with three apiece. Conway's nominated films were Viva Villa!, A Tale of Two Cities, and Libeled Lady.

Conway was one of a team of MGM contract directors, who forsook any pretense to a specific individual style in favor of working within the strictures set forth by studio management. A thoroughly competent craftsman, he delivered commercially successful entertainment, on time, and within budget.
Michael Christoph Hanow
Michael Christoph Hanow (also Hanov, Hanovius) (12 December 1695, in Zamborst near Neustettin, Pomerania – 22 September 1773, in Danzig) was a German meteorologist, historian, professor of mathematics and since 1717 rector of the Academic Gymnasium Danzig.

Hanow was educated in Danzig and Leipzig and was a private teacher in Dresden, Leipzig and Danzig. In the year 1727 he became a member of the Academic Gymnasium Danzig. He wrote numerous articles and books. Since 1739 he published the Danziger Nachrichten a weekly journal with weather forecasting. The term biology was introduced by him. In the years 1745 until 1767 he wrote Jus Culmense, the complete Kulm law (Kulmer Recht) and a collection of not yet published Prussian documents.

Together with Georg Daniel Seyler, Gottfried Lengnich and David Braun he belonged to the most important local historians in the 18th century.

Gottfried Lengnich
Gottfried Lengnich (Polish: Gotfryd Lengnich) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician. He became known for writing the 9-volume History of Royal Prussia and for teaching Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of Poland.
Oswald Tower
Oswald Tower (November 23, 1883 – May 28, 1968) was an American basketball administrator and instructor at Phillips Academy Andover (1910–1949). Born in North Adams, Massachusetts, he served on the National Basketball Rules Committee from 1910 to 1960, was an editor of the Official Basketball Guide, and an official rules interpreter from 1915 to 1960. Tower was enshrined in the inaugural class of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959 as a contributor.

North Adams, Massachusetts
North Adams is a city in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its population was 12,961 as of the 2020 census. Best known as the home of the largest contemporary art museum in the United States, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, North Adams has in recent years become a center for tourism, culture and recreation.
Unheimliche Geschichten (1919 film)
Unheimliche Geschichten  (lit. Uncanny Stories), also known as Grausige Nächte (lit. Nights of Terror) or Eerie Tales, is a 1919 German silent anthology film directed by Richard Oswald and starring Conrad Veidt, Reinhold Schünzel, and Anita Berber. The film is divided into five segments: "The Apparition" (based on a story by Anselm Heine), "The Hand" (based on a story by Robert Liebmann), "The Black Cat" (based on the short story by Edgar Allan Poe), "The Suicide Club" (based on the short stories by Robert Louis Stevenson) and "Der Spuk" ("The Spectre", an original work by Oswald).

Unheimliche Geschichten is also known under the titles Weird Tales, Five Sinister Stories, or Tales of the Uncanny. The original negative of the film is considered lost, though a restoration sourced from a nitrate print by the Cinémathèque française has been released.

A remake by the same name, also directed by Oswald, was released in 1932.

Cinémathèque française
The Cinémathèque française (French pronunciation: [sinematɛk fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; French cinematheque), founded in 1936, is a French non-profit film organization that holds one of the largest archives of film documents and film-related objects in the world. Based in Paris' 12th arrondissement, the archive offers daily screenings of films from around the world. It is the second oldest cinematheque in France, after Cinematheque de Saint-Etienne, which was founded in 1922.
Sport in Barcelona
Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, is the second largest city and metropolitan area in Spain and sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union. It has hosted many major international tournaments and has professional teams in different sports.

1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which spanned two years (1994–96), had 44 entrants.  After the quarter-finals stage, Spain were chosen as the hosts of the final stages, consisting of four matches in total. Italy U-21s won the competition for the third consecutive time.
Bamboo Mañalac
Francisco Gaudencio Lope Belardo Mañalac (Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐɲaˈlɐk]; born March 21, 1976), popularly known as Bamboo Mañalac or simply by the mononym Bamboo, is a Filipino musician, singer, and songwriter. He began his career as vocalist and original frontman of Rivermaya and later fronted his own band, Bamboo. Bamboo band disbanded in 2011 and Mañalac then pursued a solo career and released his first solo album, No Water, No Moon.

Mañalac is known for his distinct vocals, which combines elements of rock with a mellow technique; he also has a notably eccentric style in live performances. His musical and singing style as well as his band's polished sound have made him an icon in the Philippine music industry.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Hanover Bridge
The Hanover Bridge is a historic metal pin-connected Pratt through truss bridge spanning the Crow River in Hanover, Minnesota, United States, on the border of Wright and Hennepin Counties.  It is the second-oldest Pratt truss bridge remaining in Minnesota.  The Hanover Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its local significance in the themes of engineering and transportation.  It was nominated as a well-preserved example of a bridge type once common in Wright County.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Lloyd Center/NE 11th Ave station
Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red Lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 10th stop eastbound on the Eastside MAX. The station is located on the 1200 block of Northeast Holladay Street in the Lloyd District.

The station serves the Lloyd Center shopping mall to the north; between the station and the mall is Holladay Park. The station also serves Benson Polytechnic High School to the south.

From its opening in 1986 until 2012, the station was located in TriMet fare zone 1, and starting in 2001 it was also within Fareless Square (renamed the Free Rail Zone in 2010). However, effective September 1, 2012, TriMet discontinued the free-ride zone and all use of zones in its fare structure.

Fareless Square
Fareless Square was an area within central Portland, Oregon, where all rides on TriMet buses and light rail and the Portland Streetcar were free. It primarily consisted of the downtown area and, after 2001, the Lloyd District. It existed from January 1975 through August 2012, but was briefly renamed the Free Rail Zone in January 2010 after its coverage became limited to light rail and streetcar service, with bus rides no longer being free. The TriMet board decided in June 2012 to discontinue the Free Rail Zone primarily to help fill a large shortfall in the agency's budget, and the action was one component of a package of extensive budget cuts which also included service reductions and fare increases. The Free Rail Zone ended on August 31, 2012.
Wars of the Rügen Succession
The Wars of the Rügen Succession were two early 14th century conflicts fought primarily between Mecklenburg and Pomerania for control of the Danish Principality of Rügen on the southern Baltic Sea coast.

Barth, Germany
Barth (German pronunciation: [baːɐ̯t] ⓘ is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is situated at a lagoon (Bodden) of the Baltic Sea facing the Fischland-Darss-Zingst peninsula. Barth belongs to the district of Vorpommern-Rügen. It is close to the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. In 2011, it held a population of 8,706.
Panola Mountain
Panola Mountain is a 100-acre (40 ha) granite monadnock in Rockdale County, Georgia. The peak is 946 feet (288 m) above sea level, rising 260 feet (79 m) above the South River. The South River marks the boundary between Henry, Rockdale, and DeKalb counties. Due to its delicate ecological features, Panola Mountain was designated a National Natural Landmark on December 16, 1980.

DeKalb County, Georgia
DeKalb County (/dəˈkæb/ də-KAB, /diːˈ-/ dee-) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur.

DeKalb County is a core county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County). Stonecrest is the largest city that is entirely within the county. DeKalb is primarily a suburban county.

In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, following a trend in other suburban areas around Metro Atlanta. Stonecrest, Dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities that are entirely contained within the county.
Robot kinematics
Robot kinematics applies geometry to the study of the movement of multi–degree of freedom kinematic chains that form the structure of robotic systems. The emphasis on geometry means that the links of the robot are modeled as rigid bodies and its joints are assumed to provide pure rotation or translation.

Robot kinematics studies the relationship between the dimensions and connectivity of kinematic chains and the position, velocity and acceleration of each of the links in the robotic system, in order to plan and control movement and to compute actuator forces and torques. The relationship between mass and inertia properties, motion, and the associated forces and torques is studied as part of robot dynamics.

Kinematic pair
In classical mechanics, a kinematic pair is a connection between two physical objects that imposes constraints on their relative movement (kinematics). German engineer Franz Reuleaux introduced the kinematic pair as a new approach to the study of machines that provided an advance over the notion of elements consisting of simple machines.
Al Mamzar
Al Mamzar (Arabic: الممزر) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Al Mamzar is located in the area of Deira, in the north-east of Dubai.  The locality is bordered by the Persian Gulf to the north, Al Waheda to the west, Hor Al Anz to the south and the emirate of Sharjah to the east.

The north-east section of the locality is residential.  Al Ittihad School, Dubai Cultural and Scientific Association, Al Gaz Mosque, Dubai Police Headquarters and Al Mamzar Park are important landmarks in the locality.

Emirate of Sharjah
The Emirate of Sharjah (/ˈʃɑːrdʒə/; Arabic: إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة Imārat Aš-Šāriqah) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It covers 2,900 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it is named, and other minor towns and exclaves such as Kalba, Al Dhaid, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.

The emirate is an absolute monarchy. It has been ruled by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi since 1972, except for a seven-day period during an attempted coup d'etat by his brother, Sheikh Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad Al Qasimi.
Paul Russell (philosopher)
Paul Russell (born Glasgow, Scotland, 1955) is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. From 2018-2025 he was also Professor of Philosophy at Lund University, where he was also Director of the Lund/Gothenburg Responsibility Project [LGRP]. Prior to that he was Professor of Philosophy at University of Gothenburg from 2015-2017.

Journal of the History of Philosophy
The Journal of the History of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1963 after the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association passed a motion to this effect in 1957. The journal is published by the Johns Hopkins University Press and covers the history of Western philosophy. Time periods covered include everything from the ancient period to modern developments in the study of philosophy. The editor-in-chief is Deborah Boyle (College of Charleston).
Sevnica-Krško subdialect
The Sevnica-Krško subdialect (sevniško-krški govor) is a Slovene subdialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is a subdialect of the Lower Sava Valley dialect, extending along both banks of the Sava River from Zidani Most to just before Brežice, and then continuing on the right bank to the Croatian border. The main settlements in the dialect area are Radeče, Loka pri Zidanem Mostu, Boštanj, Sevnica, Zabukovje nad Sevnico, Brestanica, Senovo, Krško, Drnovo, Cerklje ob Krki, Čatež ob Savi, and Velika Dolina.

Zabukovje nad Sevnico
Zabukovje nad Sevnico (pronounced [zaˈbuːkɔu̯jɛ nat ˈseːu̯nitsɔ]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of Sevnica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Styria. The Municipality of Sevnica is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Dragon's Lair II: Time Warp
Dragon's Lair II: Time Warp is a 1990 laserdisc video game made by the Leland Corporation, and the first true sequel to Dragon's Lair. As with the original, it consists of an animated short film that requires the player to move the joystick or press a fire button at certain times in order to continue. It takes place years after the original Dragon's Lair. Dirk has married Daphne, and the marriage has produced many children. When Daphne is kidnapped by the evil wizard Mordroc in order to be forced into marriage, Dirk's children and his mother-in-law are clearly upset by the abduction of Daphne, and Dirk must once again save her.

Home ports were announced for the Saturn, CD-i, 3DO, and Jaguar CD. Only the CD-i version was released. The game was later ported to the Wii as part of the compilation release Dragon's Lair Trilogy. A PlayStation 3 port was released on June 1, 2011. A Nintendo Switch port of the Wii Dragon's Lair Trilogy compilation was released on January 17, 2019.

Atari Jaguar CD
The Atari Jaguar CD is a CD-ROM peripheral for the Atari Jaguar video game console. Only 11 games were released for the Jaguar CD during its lifetime. However, previously unfinished and homebrew games have since been released.
Raj Bahadur
Babu Raj Bahadur (21 August 1912- 22 September 1990) was a leader of the Indian National Congress from Rajasthan. He served as cabinet minister for Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Civil Aviation and Ministry of Communications in Government of India. He was India ambassador to Nepal from 1968 to 1971. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament for three terms from Bharatpur, Rajasthan.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the Commission of Railway Safety.