hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HCT Group
HCT Group was a social enterprise providing transport services and community services in several areas of the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1982 as Hackney Community Transport in the London Borough of Hackney, to provide transport services for local voluntary organisations, charities, and community groups. HCT Group was registered as a company limited by guarantee (and therefore had no shareholders). The company was also a registered charity.

By 2014, HCT Group had a fleet of 500 vehicles, turnover of £43.7 million, and employed over 700. The company expanded into several areas of England and the Channel Islands through a series of acquisitions in 2017 and 2018, but after financial difficulties following the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCT Group ceased trading and entered administration in September 2022 after disposing of all its commercial bus services.

London Borough of Southwark
The London Borough of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.

The part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism. Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle. Major districts include Bermondsey, Rotherhithe, Peckham, Camberwell, and Dulwich.
Richard J. Spontak
Richard John Spontak (born 1961, Pottsville, Pennsylvania) is an American chemical engineer and polymer materials scientist. He is a Distinguished Professor of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Professor of Materials Science & Engineering at North Carolina State University.

Spontak has collaborated extensively with researchers at international institutions, including the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).

In March 2024, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from NTNU.

Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a British engineering institution with activities including promotion of the development of materials science.

It has been a registered charity governed by a royal charter and a member of the United Kingdom's Science Council, since 2002. In 2019, the IOM3 celebrated the 150-year anniversary of the establishment of the Iron and Steel Institute which the IOM3 now encompasses. In 2022, it had a gross income of £3.99 million.
Karl Ernst Rahtgens
Karl Ernst Rahtgens (27 August 1908 – 30 August 1944) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II, and an active resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.

Born in Lübeck, he was married to Johanna Helene Rahtgens, née von Cramon. His uncle was Field Marshal Günther von Kluge.

Rahtgens, who held the rank of oberstleutnant, was arrested in Belgrade for his involvement in the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. He was sentenced to death on 30 August 1944 by the Volksgerichtshof and was hanged later the same day at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin.

Oberstleutnant
Oberstleutnant (German pronunciation: [ˈʔoːbɐstlɔʏtnant]) (English: Lieutenant Colonel) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to lieutenant colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland and Norway. The Swedish rank överstelöjtnant is a direct translation, as is the Finnish rank everstiluutnantti.
Gunilla Wallengren
Gunilla Wallengren (born 2 May 1979) is a Swedish Paralympic athlete who competes in middle-distance events in international level events.

At the age of six, she joined Drivringen, a newly started club in her home town of Trollhättan.

She has won the Great North Run four times.

At the 5000m race held at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, Wallengren was involved in a mass crash involving six participants, losing consciousness for several minutes. She recovered and set her sights on the 2012 Paralympics in London. Her results there was a 8th place at 400m and 9th place at 1500m.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Vorokhta railway station
Vorokhta (Ukrainian: Ворохта) is a railway station that is located in town of Vorokhta, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine. It is part of the Ivano-Frankivsk administration (Lviv Railways). The station is located next to the town's center and situated on a segment between Deliatyn and Dilove (Zakarpattia Oblast) which is next to the border with Romania.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Modern Left
The Modern Left (French: La Gauche moderne, LGM), is a centrist political party in France founded in 2007.

The party was founded following the nomination of the former Socialist Party (PS) Senator and Mayor of Mulhouse, Jean-Marie Bockel to the François Fillon government in May 2007. Along with The Progressives of Éric Besson, the Modern Left represented the left wing of the coalition supporting the then-President Nicolas Sarkozy. The party calls itself social liberal, and supports a social market economy.

In the 2008 local elections, the party obtained around 40 councillors, and Bockel won a narrow re-election in Mulhouse. However, the LGM incumbent in Pau, Yves Uriéta, was defeated. In the 2009 European Parliament election, the party obtained two MEPs on the lists of the Union for a Popular Movement. Both MEPs sat, like all other UMP MEPs, in the European People's Party Group.

2009 European Parliament election in France
European Parliament elections were held in France on Sunday 7 June 2009 to elect the 72 French Members of the European Parliament.

Due to the entry of Romania and Bulgaria in the European Union in 2007, the number of seats allocated to France was revised from 78 to 72 seats, a loss of 6 seats.  France now represents only 9.8% of all European MEPs compared to 12.5% in 2004 and 19.8% in 1979, following the first European election.

The turnout in European elections in France has almost always declined, with the sole exception of an increase in 1994, falling from 60.7% turnout in the 1979 election to 43.1% in the latest election in 2004.
Swimming at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games – Results
These are the official results of the swimming events at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games. A total of 36 events took place from August 10 to 14, 2025, all held at the Olympic Aquatic Centre, located in the Olympic Park in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area. The 36 events consisted of 28 individual events (17 men and 17 women) and eight relays (three men, three women and two mixed).

2025 Junior Pan American Games
The 2025 Junior Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos Junior 2025), also named Asu 2025, were the second edition of the Junior Pan American Games, an international multi-sports event for athletes aged 17 to 22 in the Americas, organized by Panam Sports. It was held in Asunción, Paraguay between August 9 and 23, 2025. It was the first time that the Pan American Games, either senior or junior, took place in Paraguay.
Mantorp
Mantorp is a locality situated in Mjölby Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 3,671 inhabitants in 2010. In the middle of Mantorp there is a small centre where a Christmas market is held annually.  The locality is surrounded by farmland. The closest bigger towns are Mjölby about 10 km away and Linköping about 20–30 km away.

Mantorp is the location of the race track Mantorp Park and Mantorp-horse trotting track.
There are also a mall in Mantorp called Depot Mantorp (before, it was called Mobilia).

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Shen Youzhi
Shen Youzhi (沈攸之) (died c.9 March 478), courtesy name Zhongda (仲達), was a general during the Chinese Liu Song dynasty, who, in the final moments of the dynasty, made a final failed attempt to prevent Xiao Daocheng from seizing the throne.

Jingzhou (ancient China)
Jingzhou or Jing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China referenced in early Chinese texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya, and Rites of Zhou.

Jingzhou became an administrative division during the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BCE) in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE). It usually corresponded with the modern-day provinces of Hubei and Hunan until the Sui dynasty, after which it referred to the city of Jingzhou.
6/22/00 – Milan, Italy
6/22/00 – Milan, Italy is a two-disc live album and the twentieth in a series of 72 live bootlegs released by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam from the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released along with the other official bootlegs from the European leg of the tour on September 26, 2000.

Eddie Vedder
Eddie Jerome Vedder (born Edward Louis Severson III, December 23, 1964) is an American singer, musician, and songwriter. He is the lead vocalist, primary lyricist, and one of three guitarists for the rock band Pearl Jam. He was previously a guest vocalist for supergroup Temple of the Dog, a tribute band dedicated to singer Andrew Wood.

In 2007, Vedder released his first solo album as a soundtrack for the film Into the Wild (2007). His second album, Ukulele Songs, and a live DVD titled Water on the Road were released in 2011. His third solo album Earthling was released in 2022. In late June 2024, Vedder released a single cover of The English Beat's "Save It for Later" for the TV series The Bear.

Vedder, who is known for his baritone vocals, was ranked seventh on a list of "Best Lead Singers of All Time", based on a readers' poll compiled by Rolling Stone. In 2017, Vedder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam.
Andover Theological Seminary
Andover Theological Seminary (1807–1965) was a Congregationalist seminary founded in 1807 and originally located in Andover, Massachusetts on the campus of Phillips Academy.

From 1908 to 1931, it was located at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It then collocated with Newton Theological Institution (NTI) in Newton, Massachusetts. Then, in 1965, Andover Theological Seminary and NTI formally merged in 1965 to form Andover Newton Theological School in Andover, Massachusetts. In its original and merged forms, it is the first and thus the oldest Protestant theological seminary in the United States. The seminary continues as Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School, which was launched in 2017.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Kazuhisa Ishii
Kazuhisa Ishii (石井 一久 Ishii Kazuhisa) (born September 9, 1973) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher and manager and general manager. He played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yakult Swallows and Saitama Seibu Lions and in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and New York Mets.

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
1973 Rothmans Canadian Open – Men's singles
The 1973 Rothmans Canadian Open – Men's singles was an event of the 1973 Rothmans Canadian Open tennis tournament that was played at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club in Toronto in Canada rom August 20 through August 26, 1973. The draw comprised 64 players and 16 players were seeded. Ilie Năstase was the defending champion but did not participate in this edition. Third-seeded Tom Okker won the singles title, defeating fourth-seeded Manuel Orantes in the final, 6–3, 6–2, 6–1. He earned $15,000 first-prize money as well as 60 ranking points which moved him into third position on the Grand Prix ranking.

Manuel Orantes
Manuel Orantes Corral (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel oˈɾantes koˈral]; born 6 February 1949) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He won 36 career singles titles, including the 1975 US Open, defeating defending champion Jimmy Connors in the final. Orantes reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 2.
Bockstein homomorphism
In  homological algebra, the Bockstein homomorphism, introduced by Meyer Bockstein (1942, 1943, 1958), is a connecting homomorphism associated with a short exact sequence

of abelian groups, when they are introduced as coefficients into a chain complex C, and which appears in the homology groups as a homomorphism reducing degree by one,

To be more precise, C should be a complex of free, or at least torsion-free, abelian groups, and the homology is of the complexes formed by tensor product with C (some flat module condition should enter). The construction of β is by the usual argument (snake lemma).

A similar construction applies to cohomology groups, this time increasing degree by one. Thus we have

The Bockstein homomorphism  associated to the coefficient sequence

is used as one of the generators of the  Steenrod algebra. This Bockstein homomorphism has the following two properties:

,

;

in other words, it is a superderivation acting on the cohomology mod p of a space.

Torsion-free abelian group
In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, a torsion-free abelian group is an abelian group which has no non-trivial torsion elements; that is, a group in which the group operation is commutative and the identity element is the only element with finite order.

While finitely generated abelian groups are completely classified, not much is known about infinitely generated abelian groups, even in the torsion-free countable case.
2023 Fiji Premier League
The 2023 Fiji Premier League, also known as the 2023 Digicel Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was the 47th season of the Fiji Premier League, the highest level of the Fijian football league system. The season began on 25 February and ended on 24 September.

Lautoka won their seventh title, while defending champions Rewa finished second. Tavua finished last and were relegated back to the Senior League after just one season, where they will compete in the 2024 Fiji Senior League.

The season's top scorer was Sairusi Nalaubu, a striker for Lautoka who scored 19 goals. Nalaubu received the Golden Boot award from the Fiji Football Association.

Fiji Football Association
The Fiji Football Association is the governing body of football in Fiji. It came into existence in 1938. It became a provisional member of FIFA in 1963 and was fully affiliated the following year. It was a founding member of OFC in 1966.  It is the overseeing body of the Fiji National Team and its leagues.
Virginia State Route 235
State Route 235 (SR 235) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 5.05 miles (8.13 km) between intersections with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Fort Belvoir and Hybla Valley.  SR 235 forms a southeast loop off of US 1 through the community of Mount Vernon in southeastern Fairfax County, connecting US 1 with Mount Vernon, the plantation home of George Washington, and the southern end of the George Washington Memorial Parkway.

Fort Belvoir
Fort Belvoir (/ˈbɛlvwɑːr/ BEL-vwar) is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It was developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation, seat of the prominent Fairfax family for whom Fairfax County was named.  It was known as Camp A. A. Humphreys from 1917 to 1935 and Fort Belvoir afterward.

Fort Belvoir is home to a number of significant United States military organizations. With nearly twice as many workers as the Pentagon, Fort Belvoir is the largest employer in Fairfax County. Fort Belvoir comprises three geographically distinct areas: main base, Davison Army Airfield, and Fort Belvoir North.
The Last Nataq
The Last Nataq (French: Le dernier Nataq) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Lisette Marcotte and released in 2019. The film is a portrait of Québécois singer-songwriter Richard Desjardins, exploring both his life and the impact of his upbringing in Rouyn-Noranda on the themes and values expressed in his work.

The film premiered at the Abitibi-Témiscamingue International Film Festival in 2019, and was screened at the 2020 edition of the Rendez-Vous French Film Festival in Vancouver, British Columbia. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, its planned theatrical release in 2020 was delayed, with the film having its commercial opening on April 21, 2021.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.

Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all offspring produced over time, as with the honeybee.  Offspring can occur after mating, artificial insemination, or as a result of cloning.

Human offspring (descendants) are referred to as children; male children are sons and female children are daughters (see Kinship).
Crystal Lake (Enfield, New Hampshire)
Crystal Lake is a 401-acre (1.6 km2) water body located in Grafton County in western New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Enfield. Crystal Lake is part of the Mascoma River watershed.

The lake contains one small island: Oliver Island.

The lake is classified as a cold- and warmwater fishery, with observed species including rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, chain pickerel, horned pout, black crappie, and rock bass.

The lake is one of eight in New Hampshire which historically had a naturally occurring native lake trout population. These fish have since been extirpated from the lake.

Chain pickerel
The chain pickerel (Esox niger) is a species of freshwater fish in the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes. The chain pickerel and the American pickerel (E. americanus) belong to the Esox genus of pike.
Renault R27
The Renault R27 is a Formula One racing car designed and produced by Renault for the 2007 Formula One season. The chassis was designed by Bob Bell, James Allison, Tim Densham and Dino Toso with Pat Symonds overseeing the design and production of the car as Executive Director of Engineering and Rob White leading the engine design. The car was driven by Giancarlo Fisichella and Heikki Kovalainen.

It made its first public outing on 16 January 2007, at Jerez circuit after completing a short first test at Silverstone the week before.

James Allison (motorsport)
James Allison (born 21 February 1968) is a British motorsport designer and engineer, best known for his accomplishments in Formula One, where he is the technical director of the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team.