hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayrhofer
Mayrhofer is a German surname meaning "from the region of Mayrhof" in Austria. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Mayrhofer (1837–82), Austrian obstetrician

Johann Mayrhofer (1787–1836), Austrian poet and librettist known for his friendship with Franz Schubert

Manfred Mayrhofer (1926–2011), Austrian linguist who specialized in Indo-Iranian languages

Wolfgang Mayrhofer (born 1958), Austrian sailor who competed in the 1980 Olympics, academic in the field of management and organisational behaviour

Gregor Mayrhofer (born 1987), German conductor, pianist and composer

Manfred Mayrhofer
Manfred Mayrhofer (26 September 1926 – 31 October 2011) was an Austrian Indo-Europeanist who specialized in Indo-Iranian languages. Mayrhofer served as professor emeritus at the University of Vienna. He is noted for his etymological dictionary of Sanskrit.

Mayrhofer was born in Linz and studied Indo-European and Semitic linguistics and philosophy at the University of Graz, where he received his Ph.D. in 1949. From 1953 to 1963 he taught at the University of Würzburg, and from 1963 to 1966 he was a professor at Saarland University. In 1966 he returned to Austria, serving as professor at the University of Vienna until his retirement in 1990. He died in Vienna at the age of 85.
Roger Williams Park Zoo
The Roger Williams Park Zoo of Providence, Rhode Island, contains more than 800 animals in natural settings from a total of 160 species from around the world. In 1986, the zoo became the first zoo in New England to earn accreditation from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Founded in 1872, the zoo is the third oldest zoo in the nation. The zoo and the nearby Carousel Village are some of the main attractions of Roger Williams Park.

Red river hog
The red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus) or bushpig (a name also used for Potamochoerus larvatus) is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, with most of its distribution in the Guinean and Congolian forests. It is rarely seen away from rainforests, and generally prefers areas near rivers or swamps.
Flush: A Biography
Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining The Waves, the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in Orlando: A Biography, and to which she would return in Between the Acts.

English Cocker Spaniel
The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. It is noteworthy for producing one of the most varied numbers of pups in a litter among all dog breeds. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are "field" or "working" cockers and "house" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and is the foundation of its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel. The English Cocker is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. English Cocker Spaniels are also known as the "Merry Spaniel" due to their constantly wagging tails.

Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The OED states that the word cocker is derived from the fact the breed was used to flush woodcocks.
Yusof Apdal
Mohammad Yusof bin Apdal (born 4 January 1960) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Deputy Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Chang Lih Kang since December 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lahad Datu since November 2022. He served as the Deputy Minister of Higher Education prior to the 2023 cabinet reshuffle under Minister Mohamed Khaled Nordin from December 2022 to December 2023 as well as the Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Lahad Datu from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member and the Deputy Division Chief of Lahad Datu of the Heritage Party (WARISAN) and also the younger brother of the President of WARISAN, MP for Semporna and MLA for Senallang, Shafie Apdal.

Minister of Higher Education (Malaysia)
The current Malaysian Minister of Higher Education has been Zambry Abdul Kadir since 12 December 2023. The minister is deputised by the Deputy Minister of Higher Education, Adam Ali Abd Halim, since 17 December 2025. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Higher Education.
Ananthan
Ananthan is a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Garggi Ananthan, Indian actress and theatre artist working in Malayalam cinema and theatre

Kumari Ananthan (1933–2025), Indian politician, leader of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee

Ramkripa Ananthan (born 1971), Indian car designer, head of design at Ola Electric

Sivasakthy Ananthan (born 1964), Sri Lankan Tamil politician and Member of Parliament

Thanuja Ananthan (born 1985), Malaysian model, Miss World Malaysia 2009

Uday Ananthan, Indian filmmaker who works in Malayalam cinema

Given name:

Ananthan Somasundaram, Malaysian politician, Senator

Garggi Ananthan
Garggi Ananthan is an Indian actress and theatre artist known for her works in Malayalam cinema and theatre. She made her film debut in 2019 with the Malayalam film Run Kalyani, for which she won the Best Actress award at the New York Indian Film Festival.
Lobeglitazone
Lobeglitazone (trade name Duvie, Chong Kun Dang) is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. As an agonist for both PPARα and PPARγ, it works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression.  PPARs play essential roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis
John Skoberg
John Leroy Skoberg (February 2, 1926 – August 12, 2012) was a Canadian politician. A member of the New Democratic Party, he represented the electoral district of Moose Jaw in the House of Commons from 1968 to 1972, and Moose Jaw North in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1975 to 1982. He died aged 86 in 2012 of dementia.

Moose Jaw North
Moose Jaw North is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. One of two provincial constituencies for the city of Moose Jaw, the riding contains the area of the city north of Caribou Street from 9th Avenue in the east to Thatcher Drive in the west.
Algonquian sound laws
Proto-Algonquian is one of the best-reconstructed proto-languages of the Americas. As it broke up, its daughters, such as Cree, Menominee, Ojibwe and Arapaho, changed the original phonology of Proto-Algonquian and gave rise to new languages. Notable changes include the merger of *θ and *r in most descendant languages, the merger of short *i and *e in Cree and Ojibwe, the far-reaching and unexpected sound shifts of Plains Algonquian languages, and the simplification of original clusters in the Algonquian languages.

Arapaho language
Arapaho (endonym: Hinónoʼeitíít), also spelled Arapahoe, is one of the Plains Algonquian languages, closely related to Gros Ventre and other Arapahoan languages. It is spoken by the Arapaho of Wyoming and Oklahoma. Speakers of Arapaho primarily live on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming, though some have affiliation with the Cheyenne living in western Oklahoma.
Mean square quantization error
Mean square quantization error (MSQE) is a figure of merit for the process of analog to digital conversion.

In this conversion process, analog signals in a continuous range of values are converted to a discrete set of values by comparing them with a sequence of thresholds.
The quantization error of a signal is the difference between the original continuous value and its discretization, and the mean square quantization error (given some probability distribution on the input values) is the expected value of the square of the quantization errors.

Mathematically, suppose that the lower threshold for inputs that generate the quantized value  is , that the upper threshold is , that there are  levels of quantization, and that the probability density function for the input analog values is . Let  denote the quantized value corresponding to an input ; that is,  is the value  for which .
Then

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Jūrōta Kosugi
Jūrōta Kosugi (小杉 十郎太, Kosugi Jūrōta; born December 19, 1957 in Yokohama, Japan) is a Japanese voice actor. His major roles include Arlong in One Piece, Asuma Sarutobi in Naruto, Akio Ohtori in Revolutionary Girl Utena, Isamu Kenmochi in Kindaichi Case Files, Big Zenki in Zenki, and Jotaro Kujo in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (OVA).  In video games, he provides the voice of Nobunaga Oda in the Samurai Warriors and Warriors Orochi series. He also provides the Japanese voice for Billy Blanks, David Duchovny, Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Luke Perry. He was also the first dub-over artist of Daniel Craig and Andy Lau in their early days.

Andy Lau
Andy Lau Tak-wah SBS BBS MH JP (Chinese: 劉德華; Jyutping: Lau4 Dak1 Waa4; born Lau Fook-wing; 27 September 1961), is a Hong Kong actor and singer. He was named one of the Five Tiger Generals of TVB in the 1980s as well as one of the Four Heavenly Kings in the 1990s. Lau won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor three times, the Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actor twice, and was entered into the Guinness World Records for the "Most Awards Won by a Cantopop Male Artist" in 2000, with a total of 444 music awards by 2006. In 2018, Lau became a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2024, Lau was elected vice chairman of the 11th China Film Association. Over a career of four decades, Lau has been one of the most commercially and critically successful artists in the Chinese-speaking world.
Prison (Escape) Act 1706
The Prison (Escape) Act 1706 (6 Ann. c. 12) was an act of the Parliament of England. It dealt with escapes from the King's Bench Prison and Fleet Prison.

The act is chapter 9 in common printed editions.

Section 5 of the act was repealed by section 39 of, and schedule 3 to, the Sheriffs Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 55).

Section 6 of the act was repealed by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 59).

The whole act, so far as unrepealed, was repealed by section 1 of, and the first schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 62).

Statute Law Revision Act 1887
The Statute Law Revision Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 59) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for the United Kingdom enactments from 1275 to 1822 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the new edition of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress.
Bile duct hamartoma
Bile duct hamartoma or biliary hamartoma, are benign lesions of the intrahepatic bile duct. They are classically associated with polycystic liver disease, as may be seen in the context of polycystic kidney disease, and represent a malformation of the liver plate.

Micrograph
A micrograph is an image, captured photographically or digitally, taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography  is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A photographic micrograph is a photomicrograph, and one taken with an electron microscope is an electron micrograph.

A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy.
Treaty of Conflans
The Treaty of Conflans (or the Peace of Conflans) was signed on 5 October 1465 between King Louis XI of France and Count Charles of Charolais. This treaty was signed months after the Battle of Montlhéry (13 July 1465), where the French dukes of Alençon, Burgundy, Berry, Bourbon and Lorraine fought King Louis to a standstill.

Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon (French: Duc de Bourbon) is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont, and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon. In 1416, with the death of John of Valois, the Dukes of Bourbon were simultaneously Dukes of Auvergne.

Although the senior line came to an end in 1527, the cadet branch of La Marche-Vendome would later succeed to the French throne as the Royal House of Bourbon, which would later spread out to other kingdoms and duchies in Europe. After this date, the title was given to several Princes of Condé and sons of the French Royal family.
I Hate to Sing
I Hate to Sing is a live album by American composer, bandleader and keyboardist Carla Bley recorded at the Great American Music Hall in 1981 (at the same concerts that produced Live!) combined with three tracks recorded at Grog Kill Studios in 1983 and released on the Watt/ECM label in 1984.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Merilyn Gómez Pozos
Merilyn Gómez Pozos (born 11 December 1981) is a Mexican politician and lawyer. At different times she has been affiliated with both Convergence and the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

She has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions:
in the 2012 general election, for Convergence, as a plurinominal deputy for the first region,
and in the 2024 general election, on the Morena ticket, for Jalisco's 11th district.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Nowshir Kaikobad Jungalwalla
Nowshir Kaikobad Jungalwalla (1 December 1912 – 8 May 1995) was an Indian public health official and medical professional who held key positions in the Indian Medical Service and the World Health Organization.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
HTML Components
HTML Components (HTCs) are a legacy technology used to implement components in script as Dynamic HTML (DHTML) "behaviors" in the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser. Such files typically use an .htc extension and the "text/x-component" MIME type.

An HTC is typically an HTML file (with JScript / VBScript) and a set of elements that define the component. This helps to organize behavior encapsulated in script modules that can be attached to parts of a Webpage DOM.

Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.
Parmelia skultii
Parmelia skultii is a species of terricolous and saxicolous (soil- and rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Described from Alaska in 1987, this lichen is primarily a high-latitude species of the North Pacific–Arctic region, occurring from the Aleutian Islands through Alaska and across to Greenland, Svalbard, and Russia, with a disjunct population discovered in Montana's Bitterroot Range extending its range about 2,500 km southward. The species forms fragile rosette-shaped growths 6–10 cm across, typically growing among mosses or on rocks in windswept locations, and is distinguished by its broader lobes with marginal pores, a white frosty coating that often develops with age, and its distinctive chemistry that includes norstictic acid—features that help separate it from the related Parmelia omphalodes.

Pseudocyphella
Pseudocyphellae (singular pseudocyphella) are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen.  They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface.  Pseudocyphellae are the same colour as the medulla of the lichen, which is generally white, but can be yellow in some species of Pseudocyphellaria and in Bryoria fremontii.  The presence/absence, abundance, colour, and shape of pseudocyphellae can all be diagnostic features used to identify different species. They facilitate gas exchange through the surface of the lichen, and may provide an adaptive advantage in temperate environments.
North Point station
North Point (Chinese: 北角; Cantonese Yale: Bākgok) is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Island line and the western terminus of the Tseung Kwan O line, located in North Point on Hong Kong Island. The livery of the station is tomato orange. The interchange between the Island line and the Tseung Kwan O line is a cross-platform interchange. North Point is the northernmost station on the Island line.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Otto Roehm
Otto Frederick Roehm (August 2, 1882 – April 29, 1958) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. Roehm became a U.S. citizen in 1888. At the 1904 Olympic Games, Roehm won a gold medal in lightweight category and also wrestled in the welterweight category, losing to William Beckmann in the semifinals.

Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle lightweight
The lightweight was the third heaviest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the wrestling programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It included wrestlers weighing 135 to 145 pounds (61.2 to 65.8 kg). It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition.  Ten wrestlers competed.
Ping Pong (2002 film)
Ping Pong (ピンポン, Pin Pon) is a 2002 Japanese sports film directed by Fumihiko Sori, and starring Yōsuke Kubozuka, Arata Iura, Nakamura Shidō II, and Sam Lee. It is based on Taiyō Matsumoto's manga series of the same name and is about the friendship between two high school table tennis players.

The film concentrates on these two friends, their two mentors, and three players who they encounter at high school table tennis tournaments. It explores the different motivations and philosophies that they have towards table tennis and tries to portray the excitement and subtlety of the sport.

Nakamura won the Newcomer of the Year Award at the 26th Japan Academy Film Prizes for his performance. The film was nominated in seven other categories, including for Picture of the Year and Director of the Year.

A 4K restoration and Blu-ray release of the film was announced in February 2026 by 88 Films, for a release on June 23 of the same year.

4K resolution
4K resolution is a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels. For digital cinematography, it is 3996 × 2160 (DCI 4K), typically with a 16.65:9 (1.85:1) aspect ratio; for digital television, it is 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD), typically with a 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio.

The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014.