hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lock and Dam No. 25
Lock and Dam No. 25 is a lock and dam located near Winfield, Missouri, on the Upper Mississippi River around river mile 241.4. The movable portion of the dam is 1,296 feet (395.0 m) long and consists of three roller gates and 14 tainter gates. A 2,566 feet (782.1 m) submersible dike extends to the Illinois shore. A 5 miles (8.0 km) long dike is part of the facility extending upstream on the Missouri side of the river. The main lock is 110 feet (33.5 m) wide by 600 feet (182.9 m) long. In 2004, the facility was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Lock and Dam No. 25 Historic District, #04000184 covering 3,164 acres (12.8 km2), 2 buildings, 7 structures, 2 objects.

Tainter gate
The Tainter gate is a type of radial arm floodgate used in dams and canal locks to control water flow. It is named for its inventor, the Wisconsin structural engineer Jeremiah Burnham Tainter.

Tainter, an employee of the lumber firm Knapp, Stout and Co., invented the gate in 1886 for use on the company's dam that forms Lake Menomin in the United States.
Carol Brock
Carol Brock (December 14, 1923, Queens – July 27, 2020, Manhasset, New York) was a food critic and founder of Les Dames d'Escoffier.  She was also a philanthropist.  The State University of New York at Cobleskill awarded her a doctorate of Humane Letters in 2016.

State University of New York at Cobleskill
The State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill (SUNY Cobleskill) is a public college in Cobleskill, New York, United States.  It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It began as the Schoharie State School of Agriculture in 1911 and joined the SUNY system in 1916. SUNY Cobleskill is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and the New York State Education Department registers all academic programs.
Odiham (hundred)
The Hundred of Odiham was a Hundred (a geographical sub-division of the area of a County) of Great Britain in the county of Hampshire. It contained the parishes of; Bentworth, Dogmersfield, Elvetham, Greywell, Hartley Wintney, Lasham, Liss, Odiham, Rotherwick, Shalden, Sherfield on Loddon, Weston Patrick, and Winchfield.

At the time of the Domesday Survey the parishes contained in the modern hundred of Odiham were included in the two hundreds of Odiham and 'Hefedele'. The former comprised the villages of Lasham and Shalden and half a hide which had been taken from Preston Candover, and the latter included Odiham, Winchfield, Elvetham, Dogmersfield, and Bartley Heath (then "Berchelei").

But for the manors of Bentworth, Greywell, Hartley Wintney, Liss Turney, Rotherwick, Sherfield on Loddon, and Weston Patrick, there are no entries in the Domesday Survey, but they were all probably included in the large manor of Odiham. The manor of Liss Abbas remained until 1831 in Meonstoke Hundred.

Winchfield
Winchfield is a small village in the Hart District of Hampshire in the South-East of England. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of Hartley Wintney, 8 miles (13 km) east of Basingstoke, 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Odiham and 38 miles (61 km) west of London. It is connected to London Waterloo and Basingstoke by the South West Main Line.

Winchfield consists of a recently rebuilt village hall (in 1998), a church, a 17th century inn called the Winchfield Inn and a combination of old residential properties and new ones.

In the 2011 census Winchfield parish had a population of 664. The population is scattered across this wide parish, which includes Potbridge, settlement around Winchfield church, Winchfield Hurst and Shapley Heath.
Roshni
Roshni or Roshini is a given name.  Notable persons with that name include:

Roshini (actress), Indian actress

Roshini (singer), Indian singer

Roshini Kempadoo (born 1959), British photographer, artist, and academic

Roshini Thinakaran, Sri Lankan-American filmmaker

Roshni Chopra (born 1980), Indian actress

Roshni Dinaker, Indian costume designer and film director

Roshni Kaur Soin (born 1986), Singaporean beauty pageant

Roshni Nadar (born 1980/81), Indian business executive

Roshni Rastogi, Indian actress

Roshni Sahota, Indian actress and model

Roshni Prakash (born 1993), Indian model and actress

Roshni Walia (born 2001), Indian actress

Roshini Haripriyan (born 1992), Indian television actress

Roshni Kaur Soin
Roshni Kaur Soin is a Singaporean model and  beauty pageant titleholder who was named Miss Singapore World 2007 and went on to represent Singapore in Miss World 2007 in China.  She studied for a Psychology diploma in MDIS and works as a model.

In 2010, she joined the cast of Supermodel Me (season 2) as one of the 12 aspiring models.
ALG3
Dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ALG3 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the ALG3 family. The encoded protein catalyses the addition of the first dol-P-Man derived mannose in an alpha 1,3 linkage to Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Id (CDG-Id) characterized by abnormal N-glycosylation.

N-linked glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation is the attachment of an oligosaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of several sugar molecules, sometimes also referred to as glycan, to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry. The resulting protein is called an N-linked glycan, or simply an N-glycan.

This type of linkage is important for both the structure and function of many eukaryotic proteins. The N-linked glycosylation process occurs in eukaryotes and widely in archaea, but very rarely in bacteria. The nature of N-linked glycans attached to a glycoprotein is determined by the protein and the cell in which it is expressed. It also varies across species. Different species synthesize different types of N-linked glycans.
Orocrambus scoparioides
Orocrambus scoparioides is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alfred Philpott in 1914. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been recorded in the mountain ranges of Otago and Southland.

The wingspan is 13–16 mm for males and 14–20 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing from December to April.

Alfred Philpott
Alfred Philpott (15 December 1870 – 24 July 1930) was a New Zealand museum curator, entomologist and writer. He was born in Tysoe, Warwickshire, England, on 15 December 1870. He became the first person to describe Zelleria maculata in 1930.
Roberto Maroni
Roberto Ernesto Maroni (Italian pronunciation: [roˈbɛrto maˈroːni]; 15 March 1955 – 22 November 2022) was an Italian politician from Varese and a past President of Lombardy. He was the leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or independence for Northern Italy or Padania. From 1992 to 2013 he was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Republic, always elected in Lombard constituencies. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Italian Republic in the Berlusconi I executive, from 1994 to 1995. He was Interior Minister of the Italian Republic from 1994 to 1995, and from 2008 to 2011. He was Labour Minister of the Italian Republic from 2001 to 2006.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Edmund Marten
Edmund Marten (31 March 1688 – 8 October 1751) was Dean of Worcester from 1746 until his death in 1751.

Marten was the son of John Marten of Lavington, Wiltshire. He was educated at Winchester College, where he gained a scholarship in 1698, and New College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1706, graduating BCL 1713, DCL 1718.

In the church, he held the following positions:

Rector of Somerton, Oxfordshire, 1713–19

Rector of Angmering, Sussex, 1719

Rector of Woolbeding, Sussex, 1732

Morning preacher at Grosvenor Chapel, London, 1731

Canon of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, 1733–51

Prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, London, 1730–51

Vicar of Twickenham, Middlesex, 1741–9

Dean of Worcester and Master of St. Oswald's Hospital, Worcester, 1746–51

On 23 February 1734/5, Marten married Jane Hawkins.

West Lavington, Wiltshire
West Lavington is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, on the north edge of Salisbury Plain, on the A360 road between Devizes and Salisbury, about 5 miles (8 km) south of Devizes.  The parish includes the hamlet of Littleton Panell.

The parish was formerly known as Bishops' Lavington, the land having been granted to Roger, Bishop of Salisbury in 1136, and remaining in the hands of the bishopric throughout the Middle Ages.
Thug by Nature
Thug by Nature is the debut solo studio album by American rapper Layzie Bone, released under his L-Burna alias. It was released on March 20, 2001, through Ruthless Records with distribution via Epic Records. Production was handled by L.T. Hutton, Darren Vegas, Michael Seifert, BB, Buddy Banks, Damon Elliott, Red Spyda, Dre' Ghost, Mauly T., Step and Thin C., with Tomica Wright and Layzie Bone serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from Aaron Hall, Baby S, Big Chan, Dekumpozed, Flesh-n-Bone, WC, Geraldine Sigler and Bizzy Bone and Emmortal Thugs on the bonus disc. The album peaked at number 43 on the Billboard 200 and number 17 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, with 36,406 copies sold in the United States in the first week. It also made it to number 30 on the Official New Zealand Music Chart.

"Battlefield" and "Deadly Musical" are diss songs aimed at Chicago-based group Do Or Die.

The song "Back Up Against The Wall" is featured on the Soundtrack of Down to Earth.

Do or Die (group)
Do or Die is an American rap trio originally from the East Garfield Park neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, consisting of N.A.R.D., Belo Zero, and AK-47. The group experienced mainstream success with the platinum single "Po Pimp", which peaked at #22 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Flaxborough
Flaxborough is a fictitious town in Lincolnshire, created by author and local journalist Colin Watson as the background for a series of comical detective novels (The Flaxborough Chronicles) featuring Detective Inspector Walter Purbright.

Flaxborough cannot be precisely identified with any real town from the texts.  It is a borough, with a borough police force and Chief Constable, a yacht club, and docks.  It is often identified with Boston.  But it also had a cathedral, suggesting identification with Lincoln itself - although Lincoln, or rather Lincoln Jail, is explicitly mentioned too. The descriptions of the townscape, and in particular Lucilla Teatime's antiques business or charity offices,  most closely resemble Louth.

In the BBC television adaptation Murder Most English, most locations were filmed in Spalding.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Operation Gyroscope
Operation Gyroscope was a US Army program implemented between 1955 and 1959. This Cold War initiative modified the system of troop rotation, adjusting how divisions versus individuals rotated in and out of combat zones. The program also applied to smaller non-divisional units and was used primary to exchange units between the United States and Germany under United States Army Europe. It aimed to increase retention rates by boosting morale and unit cohesion, with the added incentive of improving military family stability by keeping soldiers together for most of their careers. Although the program initially increased morale, the Army was unable to keep its promises to the soldiers, and the expected benefits failed to materialize, resulting in the early termination of the program after just one of the planned three-year rotation cycles had been completed.

Fort Campbell
Fort Campbell is a United States Army installation located between the Kentucky–Tennessee border between Hopkinsville, Kentucky and Clarksville, Tennessee. Though the base's postal address is nominally listed as being in Kentucky (due to the location of the base's headquarters), the majority of the post itself is physically located across the state line in Tennessee. Fort Campbell is home to the 101st Airborne Division and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The fort is named in honor of Union Army Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell, the last Whig Governor of Tennessee.
Peter Gravesen
Peter Gravesen  (born 11 February 1979) is a Danish former footballer who played as a midfielder. He started his career with Danish Superliga clubs Vejle Boldklub and Herfølge Boldklub, and has played for Fylkir in Iceland and APEP in Cyprus.

He is the younger brother of Thomas Gravesen.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Nehemiah 1
Nehemiah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 11th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books. This chapter describes Nehemiah's position in the Persian court and his piety.

The Chronicler
The Chronicler is the author, or group of authors, to whom some biblical scholars have attributed the composition of: the Books of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra, and the Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible. Scholars believe that the Chronicler worked between 400 and 250 BC, with the period 350–300 BC the most likely.
Arcadia Sawmill and Arcadia Cotton Mill
The Arcadia Sawmill and Arcadia Cotton Mill (also known as the Arcadia Mill Site or Escambia Manufacturing Company) is a historic site a mile southwest of Milton, Florida, United States. On August 3, 1987, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The remains of the 19th century industrial water-powered mill complex are now part of the Arcadia Mill Archaeological Site, which is managed by the West Florida Historic Preservation.  There is a visitor center and museum with exhibits about the site, and an elevated boardwalk through the archaeological remains of the complex and adjacent swamp.

The West Florida Historic Preservation, part of the University of West Florida, also manages Historic Pensacola Village, the Pensacola Museum of History, and the Pensacola Historical Society.

Milton, Florida
Milton is a city in and the county seat of Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. It is located within the Pensacola metropolitan area. The city was first Incorporated in 1844, however certain areas such as East Milton, Point Baker, and Bagdad remain unincorporated. Milton is located in the geographic center of Santa Rosa County, and it is bordered by Pace to the west, and Navarre to the south. The population was 10,197 at the 2020 census.
Gravindex
Gravindex is an agglutination inhibition test performed on a urine sample to detect pregnancy. It is based on double antigen antibody reaction. The test detects the prevention of agglutination of HCG-coated latex particles by HCG present in the urine of pregnant women.

Urine test
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, which examines the  physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the urine; urine drug screening; and urine pregnancy testing.
History of Shanghai
The history of Shanghai spans over a thousand years and closely parallels the development of modern China. Originally a small agricultural village, Shanghai developed during the late Qing dynasty (1644–1912) as one of China's principal trading ports. Although nominally part of China, in practice foreign diplomats controlled the city under the policy of extraterritoriality. Since the reform and opening up of the early 1990s the city has burgeoned to become one of Asia's major financial centers and the world's busiest container port.

Green Gang
The Green Gang (Chinese: 青幫; pinyin: Qīng Bāng) was a Chinese secret society and criminal triad organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century.
Stemmelkort
Stemmelkort are small, fried carrot patties, traditionally from the Westphalia region of Germany. They consist of carrots, eggs, flour, nutmeg, stock, salt and pepper. They are fried in butter and may be served with a meal as an accompaniment, or on their own.

Patty
A patty is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or legumes, grains, vegetables, or meat alternatives. Common ground meat used include beef, chicken, and salmon. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.
James Dillon (officer)
Sir James Dillon (c. 1600 – after 1669) was an officer in the armies of the Irish Confederate Catholic during the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–53) and an MP for County Westmeath in the Irish House of Commons. He was likely born at Kilfaughny, Athlone and lived in the vicinity.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Sissel Vera Pettersen
Sissel Vera Pettersen (born January 28, 1977, in Oslo, Norway is a Norwegian jazz vocalist, saxophonist and composer, based in Copenhagen, Denmark. She is known for her extended and experimental vocal techniques, often mixed with the use of live electronic processing, and for her collaborations with artists such as Jon Balke, Theo Bleckmann, John Hollenbeck, Lionel Loueke, Chick Corea, Trondheim Jazz Orchestra, Trondheim Voices, Christian Wallumrød, Marc Ducret, Mats Gustafsson, Bo Stief, Marilyn Mazur, Terje Isungset, Nikolaj Hess, Mikkel Ploug and John Tchicai.

Pettersen's work also incorporates performance, theatre and visual art. She has collaborated with choreographers such as Kjersti Alveberg and Stuart Lynch and in a series of projects with Cirka Teater. She has exhibited paintings and graphic prints in Norway (Rana Kunstmuseum, Galleri Fenka) and Denmark (Galleri Arleth), and has made cover art for the German record label Winter & Winter.

Marc Ducret
Marc Ducret (born 19 August 1957) is a contemporary avant-garde jazz guitarist who frequently collaborates with saxophonist Tim Berne.

Ducret's guitar style is idiosyncratic, having been called "highly original and very expressive," but also "Metheny-like."
1938 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1938 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 41st staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Tullamore entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 18 September 1938 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Birr and Coolderry, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Birr won the match by 1–06 to 2–01 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first championship title in 23 years.

Birr GAA
Birr GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Birr, County Offaly, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Offaly Cork Board and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but also fields teams in Gaelic football.
Prehormone
A prehormone is a biochemical substance secreted by glandular tissue and has minimal or no significant biological activity, but it is converted in peripheral tissues into an active hormone. Calcifediol is an example of a prehormone which is produced by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in the liver. Another example is adrenal androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, which can be converted into testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.

Hydroxylation
In chemistry, hydroxylation refers to the installation of a hydroxyl group (−OH) into an organic compound.  Hydroxylations generate alcohols and phenols, which are very common functional groups.  Hydroxylation confers some degree of water-solubility.  Hydroxylation of a hydrocarbon is an oxidation, thus a step in degradation.
King Kulture: Stop the Traffic
Rapzilla Presents... King Kulture: Stop the Traffic is a compilation charity album from the Christian hip hop website Rapzilla, released on August 27, 2013. In partnership with Syntax Distribution, Rapzilla donated all proceeds from the album to Inter-Varsity's New York City Urban Project, a non-profit organization dedicated to stopping human trafficking in New York City. The project features contributions from emcee and production artists such as Andy Mineo, MC Jin, FLAME, Sho Baraka, Canton Jones, Wit, Propaganda, KIDD, Rhema Soul, and Gawvi, among others.

Gawvi
Gabriel Alberto Azucena (born September 23, 1988), who goes by the stage name GAWVI (formerly G-Styles), is an American Christian hip hop artist and music producer, formerly for Reach Records. Born in the Bronx, New York, he has released three extended plays, five albums, and twenty-three singles including his songs; "In the Water" and "Late Nights."

His career commenced in 2008, doing production work for Lecrae and Trip Lee, who continue to be his most consistent collaborators. In early 2016, he was officially signed to Reach Records. In early 2022, Reach ended their professional relationship with Gawvi after a sexual misconduct scandal.