hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capture of Fort Bute
The capture of Fort Bute, also known as the Battle of Manchac Post, signalled the opening of Spanish intervention in the American Revolutionary War on the side of France and the United States. Mustering an ad hoc army of Spanish regulars, Acadian militia, and native levies under Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent, Bernardo de Gálvez, the Governor of Spanish Louisiana stormed and captured the small British frontier post on Bayou Manchac on September 7, 1779.

Bayou Manchac
Bayou Manchac is an 18-mile-long (29 km) bayou in southeast Louisiana, USA. First called the Iberville River ("rivière d'Iberville") by its French discoverers, the bayou was once a very important waterway linking the Mississippi River (west end) to the Amite River (east end). East Baton Rouge Parish lies on its northern side, while its southern side is divided between Ascension Parish (to the east) and Iberville Parish (to the west). The large unincorporated community of Prairieville and the city of St. Gabriel both lie on its southern side.
Winter-over syndrome
The winter-over syndrome is a condition that occurs in individuals who "winter-over" throughout the Antarctic (or Arctic) winter, which can last seven to eight months. It has been observed in inhabitants of research stations in Antarctica, as well as in polar bases such as Thule, Alert and Eureka. It consists of a variety of behavioral and medical disturbances, including irritability, depression, insomnia, absentmindedness, aggressive behavior, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Absent-mindedness
Absent-mindedness is a mental state wherein a person is forgetfully inattentive. It is the opposite mental state of mindfulness.

Absent-mindedness is often caused by things such as boredom, sleepiness, rumination, distraction, or preoccupation with one's own internal monologue. When experiencing absent-mindedness, people exhibit signs of memory lapses and weak recollection of recent events.

Absent-mindedness can usually be a result of a variety of other conditions often diagnosed by clinicians such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression. In addition to absent-mindedness leading to an array of consequences affecting daily life, it can have more severe, long-term problems.
James Parsons (rugby union)
James William Parsons (born 27 November 1986) is a New Zealand retired rugby union player who played as a hooker for the Blues in Super Rugby and North Harbour in the ITM Cup. He has also played two matches for the All Blacks. He is one of just 3 players that have ever become a Blues centurion and Player of the Year

North Harbour Rugby Union
The North Harbour Rugby Union (NHRU), commonly known as North Harbour or simply Harbour, is the governing body of rugby union that encompasses a wide geographical area north of Auckland that includes North Shore City, Rodney District, the Hibiscus Coast and part of Waitakere City. There are 12 rugby clubs from Mahurangi RFC, based in Warkworth, Rodney District, in the north through to Massey the southernmost area of the union.

The NHRU provincial rugby team that was formed in 1985 by clubs that left the Auckland Rugby Union. It competes in the Mitre 10 Cup, the successor to New Zealand's former domestic competition, the National Provincial Championship (NPC).
Maine Central class O 4-6-0
Maine Central Railroad Class O locomotives were originally intended for heavy freight service.  They were of 4-6-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or "2'C" in UIC classification. They replaced earlier class P 2-6-0 locomotives beginning in 1903. They were in turn replaced by class W 2-8-0 locomotives for the heaviest freight service beginning in 1910, but remained in use on branch line trains until replaced by diesel locomotives after World War II. They proved so well-suited for branch line service the design was among the last steam locomotives built for the Maine Central.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
2009 NPF Draft
The 2009 NPF Senior Draft is the sixth annual NPF Draft.  It was held February 17, 2009 7:00 PM EST, hosted by the Akron Racers at the Cambria Suites Akron-Canton Airport location for the 2009 season.  It was streamed live on TheSoftballChannel.com.  The first selection was Arizona State's Kaitlin Cochran, picked by the Akron Racers.Athletes are not allowed by the NCAA to sign professional contracts until their collegiate seasons have ended.

After the draft, but before the season began, the Washington Glory ceased operations for financial reasons.  Subsequently, NPF and United States Specialty Sports Association(USSSA) began a partnership, which resulted in the expansion team USSSA Pride inheriting the Glory's player contracts and draft choices.

Arizona State Sun Devils softball
The Arizona State Sun Devils softball team represents Arizona State University in NCAA Division I College softball. The team competes in the Big 12 Conference, and plays its home games at Alberta B. Farrington Softball Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. Clint Myers, former head coach of the Sun Devils, guided the team to the Women's College World Series in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. The Sun Devils team won the National Championship in 2008 and 2011.
Russian Guards
Guards (Russian: гвардия) or Guards units (Russian: гвардейские части, gvardeyskiye chasti) were elite military units of Imperial Russia prior to 1917–18. The designation of Guards was subsequently adopted as a distinction for various units and formations of the Soviet Union and the modern Russian Federation.  The tradition goes back to a chieftain's druzhina of medieval Kievan Rus' and the streletskoye voysko (Стрелецкое Войско), the Muscovite harquebusiers formed by Ivan the Terrible by 1550.  The exact meaning of the term "Guards" varied over time.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Isa Pang Araw
"Isa Pang Araw" (English: One More Day) is a song by Filipino singer-actress Sarah Geronimo, composed by Miguel Mendoza III. It was used as theme song of Geronimo's film Miss Granny released in 2018 under Viva Films. It was nominated for "Best Original Song" at the 67th FAMAS Awards. The song was included on Spotify Philippines' Top OPM Songs of 2018. At the 32nd edition of Awit Awards, the song won Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist and Best Song Written and Performed for a Movie/TV/Stage Play.

Music of the Philippines
The music of the Philippines (Filipino: Musika ng Pilipinas) includes the musical performance arts in the Philippines and the music of Filipinos composed in various local and international genres and styles. Philippine musical compositions are often a mixture of  Indigenous styles, and various Asian styles, as well as Spanish/Latin American and (US) American influences through foreign rule from those countries.
Miki Núñez
Miguel "Miki" Núñez Pozo (born 6 January 1996) is a Catalan singer and television personality from Terrassa. He gained national recognition after placing sixth in series ten of the television talent competition Operación Triunfo. Núñez consequently represented Spain at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2019, with the song "La Venda". The singer would release two studio albums afterwards through Universal Music, Amuza (2019) and Iceberg (2020) to great commercial success.

TV3 (Catalan TV channel)
TV3 (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈte ˈβe ˈtɾɛs]) is the primary television channel of Catalan public broadcaster Televisió de Catalunya, a subsidiary of the CCMA. TV3 broadcasts programmes only in Catalan and Aranese, with an optional dual track in the original language for some foreign-language series and movies, although Spanish is not dubbed or subtitled. TV3 is also a founding member of FORTA.

It is funded by the regional autonomous government, the Generalitat de Catalunya, through the CCMA.
O Fair New Mexico
"O Fair New Mexico" is the regional anthem of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It was officially adopted as the state song by an act of the New Mexico legislature, approved on March 14, 1917, as signed by New Mexican governor Washington E. Lindsey.

New Mexico Legislature
The New Mexico Legislature (Spanish: Legislatura de Nuevo México) is the legislative branch of the state government of New Mexico. It is a bicameral body made up of the New Mexico House of Representatives and the New Mexico Senate.
Aysun Özbek
Aysun Özbek (born March 18, 1977) is a Turkish retired volleyball player. She is 185 cm tall and weighs 73 kg. Playing in the middle blocker position, she played for Vakıfbank Güneş Sigorta since 1996. She wore the number 5 jersey and was the team's captain.

Özbek also played in over 200 games for the national team. She started her professional career with Fenerbahçe and played there for 6 years.

Women's CEV Cup
The Women's CEV Cup, formerly known as CEV Cup Winners' Cup (from 1972 to 2000) and CEV Top Teams Cup (from 2000 to 2007), is the second-top official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) and was created in 1972 as CEV Cup Winners' Cup. In 2000 it was renamed the CEV Top Teams Cup and in 2007 it became the CEV Cup following a CEV decision to transfer the name of its third competition to its second one, the former CEV Cup (third competition) was renamed CEV Challenge Cup.
Yeşilköy, Hatay
Yeşilköy is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Dörtyol, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 10,436 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated between Nur Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea coast. Turkish state highway D.817 is to the west, Çukurova Motorway is to the east and Dörtyol is to the south of the town. Yeşilköy is almost merged to Dörtyol. The distance to Antakya (center of the province) is 90 kilometres (56 mi). Yeşilköy was declared a seat of township in 1968. The main agricultural crops are citrus and vegetables. The town is in a flourishing industrial area. Services to summer houses around the town also constitute a part of town revenue.

Part of the village's territory includes the archaeological site of Issus, the ancient settlement that gave its name to several important battles. Most notably, the Battle of Issus was the decisive contest in Alexander the Great's invasion of the Persian Empire.

Çukurova Motorway
Çukurova motorway (Turkish: Çukurova otoyolu) is the unofficial name of the  motorway (Turkish: otoyol) of Çukurova (ancient Cilicia) in Turkey. It is actually composed of the motorways  O-51 (from Mersin to Adana),  O-53 (from Ceyhan to İskenderun) and a part of  O-52 (between O-51 and O-53).
James A. Van Fleet Award
The General James A. Van Fleet Award (Korean: 제임스 밴 플리트상), given annually since 1992 by The Korea Society, is awarded to "one or more distinguished Koreans or Americans in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the promotion of U.S.-Korea relations.” It is one of the most prestigious awards in the field of U.S.–Korea relations.

The award is named for General James A. Van Fleet, Commander of the U.S. Eighth Army at the height of the Korean War in 1951.  Beginning in 1957, General Van Fleet served as the first president of The Korea Society.

The award is formally presented to the recipient(s) each year at The Korea Society's Annual Dinner.

Eighth Army (United States)
The Eighth Army is a U.S. field army which commands all United States Army forces in South Korea. It is headquartered at the Camp Humphreys in the Anjeong-ri of Pyeongtaek, South Korea. Eighth Army relocated its headquarters from Yongsan to Camp Humphreys in the summer of 2017. It is the only field army in the U.S. Army. It is responsible to United States Forces Korea and United States Army, Pacific.
David Wilkinson (chemical engineer)
David P. Wilkinson is a professor of chemical and electrochemical engineering at the University of British Columbia and a specialist in the field of electrochemical sciences and technologies.

In 2020, he was named a member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honors, because of his contributions to electrochemical engineering and sciences, particularly the development of fuel cell technology.

Electrochemical engineering
Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals,  flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion.

According to the IUPAC, the term electrochemical engineering is reserved for electricity-intensive processes for industrial or energy storage applications and should not be confused with applied electrochemistry, which comprises small batteries, amperometric sensors, microfluidic devices, microelectrodes, solid-state devices, voltammetry at disc electrodes, etc.

More than 6% of the electricity is consumed by large-scale electrochemical operations in the US.
English interrogative words
In English, the interrogative words (sometimes known as "wh words") may be divided into those associated with asking open-ended questions (how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, and why, all of which also have -ever forms, e.g., whatever) and those associated with asking closed-ended questions (whether and if).

The main role of these words is to mark a clause as interrogative. For example, How did you do it? is marked as an interrogative clause by the presence of how, and in I wonder whether it's true, whether marks the subordinate clause whether it's true as interrogative.

Closed-ended question
A closed-ended question is any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response. Closed-ended questions are sometimes phrased as a statement that requires a response.

A closed-ended question contrasts with an open-ended question, which cannot easily be answered with specific information.
Karaviloside
Karaviloside is any of several related cucurbitane triterpenoid glycosides found in bitter melon vine (Momordica charantia). They include:

Karaviloside I

Karaviloside II

Karaviloside III

Karaviloside V

Karaviloside XI

Karavilosides I, II, and III can be extracted from the M. charantia fruit with methanol.  Karavilosides III, V, and XI can be extracted from the M. charantia roots by methanol.

Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia (commonly called bitter melon, gouya,  cerassee, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karela, karavila and many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.

Bitter melon originated in Africa, where it was a dry-season staple food of ǃKung hunter-gatherers. Wild or semi-domesticated variants spread across Asia in prehistory, and it was likely fully domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely used in the cuisines of East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Yingtan
Yingtan (simplified Chinese: 鹰潭; traditional Chinese: 鷹潭; pinyin: Yīngtán; lit. 'Eagle Pond') is a prefecture-level city in the east of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Fujian to the southeast. Its location near the trisection of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang has made it a strategically important city for centuries. Today, it continues to be a major rail transport hub. It is best known as the Capital of Copper, and located here is Jiangxi Copper and its the Guixi Smelter.

Near the city of Yingtan is the resort area of Mount Longhu, which purports to be the birthplace of Taoism and hence, has great symbolic value to Taoists.  The region has many interesting temples, cave complexes, mountains, and villages.

Jiangxi Copper
Jiangxi Copper Company Limited (simplified Chinese: 江西铜业股份有限公司; traditional Chinese: 江西銅業股份有限公司; SSE: 600362; SEHK: 358) is the largest integrated copper producer in China. Headquartered in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, the company is a key subsidiary of Jiangxi Copper Corporation, a state-owned enterprise. Jiangxi Copper engages in the mining, smelting, and refining of copper and other non-ferrous metals, alongside related trading and financial services.
Colonia Suiza
Colonia Suiza (In English, Swiss Colony) is a town in the municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, in the Bariloche Department, Río Negro, Argentina. It is located about 25 km from the city of San Carlos de Bariloche at the foot of Cerro López.

Bariloche Department
Bariloche Department (Departamento Bariloche) is an administrative department of Río Negro Province, Argentina, located in the western part of the province along the border with Chile. It lies within the Andean Patagonian region and is characterized by mountainous terrain, glacial lakes, and forested landscapes. The department’s administrative seat and largest urban center is San Carlos de Bariloche, where most of the population is concentrated. A significant portion of the department falls within Nahuel Huapi National Park, contributing to its environmental and touristic importance. Tourism is a key economic activity, particularly related to winter sports, outdoor recreation, and nature-based travel.
Whitaker–McClendon House
The Whitaker–McClendon House is a living history museum in Tyler, Texas, United States. The house is also known as the McClendon House, and the Bonner–Whitaker–McClendon House.  White House correspondent Sarah McClendon was born and raised in this house. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Smith County, is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a  Tyler Historical Landmark.

White House press corps
The White House press corps is the group of journalists, correspondents, and members of the media usually assigned to the White House in Washington, D.C., to cover the president of the United States, White House events, and news briefings. Its offices are located in the West Wing.
Jean D'Amour Mutoni
Jean D'Amour Mutoni (born 1986) is a Rwandan social entrepreneur, co-founder and CEO at Acts Of Gratitude (AOG), a social enterprise based in Rwanda which tackles youth unemployment through training young people, to solve problems through creating their own social enterprises. He is also a One Young World Ambassador, a Global Health Corps member.

Global Health Corps
Global Health Corps is a U.S. non-profit organization that offers a competitive fellowship to support emerging global health leaders.

Global Health Corps selects young professionals for paid, 13 month fellowships with organizations promoting health equity in East Africa, Southern Africa, and the United States. For each Global Health Corps site, one national fellow and one international fellow are paired to promote cross-cultural awareness and understanding. Global Health Corps provides financial support, professional development, and mentorship to hundreds of fellows each year.
Bonners Ferry High School
Bonners Ferry High School is a four-year public secondary school in Bonners Ferry, Idaho. The only traditional high school in the Boundary County School District #101, it serves all of Boundary County, the northernmost in the state. The approximately 500 students come from an area larger than the state of Rhode Island. The school colors are navy blue and white and the mascot is a badger.

School colors
School colors, also known as university colors or college colors, are the colors chosen by a school, academy, college, university or institute as part of its brand identity, used on building signage, web pages, branded apparel, and the uniforms of sports teams. They can promote connection to the school, known as "school spirit", and help differentiate it from other institutions.
Thermoascus
Thermoascus is a genus of soil fungi in the family Trichocomaceae. Species in the genus are characterized by the production of heat-resistant ascospores. Thermoascus was circumscribed by German botanist Hugo Miehe in 1907.

The type species, Thermoascus aurantiacus, is of research interest because it secretes heat-resistant hydrolase enzymes that could possibly be used in biotechnological applications, such as the conversion of biomass to biofuels. Genetic tools have been developed to genetically edit Thermoascus aurantiacus, such as an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol and a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, which have been used to overexpress genes that correspond to production of enzymes that break down plant matter and inactivate genes.

Hugo Miehe
Hugo Robert Heinrich August Miehe (12 August 1875, Braunschweig – 9 March 1932, Berlin) was a German botanist.

He studied botany at the universities of Göttingen, Munich and Bonn, and in 1903 qualified as a lecturer of botany at the University of Leipzig. From 1908 to 1916, he was an associate professor at Leipzig, during which time, he was involved in botanical research at Buitenzorg in Java (1909/10), publishing "Javanische Studien" as a result. From 1916 to 1932, he was a professor of botany at the Agricultural University of Berlin, where he was also director of the Institute of Botany and Agriculture.
North Star School District No. 11
North Star School District No. 11, also known as the North Star History Center, is a historic one-room school building located at Hamlin, Monroe County, New York. It was built in 1844, and is a one-story, Greek Revival style brick building. It rests on a Medina sandstone foundation and has a front gable roof with a prominent cornice and topped by a bell tower.  It has a front porch added in 1912 and rear frame additions added about 1952. Also on the property are two contributing wooden privies and a coal house (c. 1880).  The school closed in 1952, and subsequently used as a community center and local history museum since 1987.: 3, 7

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.