hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dionigi Tettamanzi
Dionigi Tettamanzi (14 March 1934 – 5 August 2017) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, who was named a cardinal in 1998. He was Archbishop of Genoa from 1995 to 2002 and Archbishop of Milan from 2002 to 2011.

Seveso
Seveso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːvezo]; Lombard: Séves [ˈseːʋes]) is a town and comune   in the Province of Monza and Brianza, in the Region of Lombardy. The economy of the town has traditionally been based on the furniture industry.

Its name comes from the river of the same name which crosses the comune in a north-south direction.

Seveso received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 18 June 2003.
Chapra Union
Chapra Union (Bengali: চাপড়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Kumarkhali Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 60.86 square kilometres (23.50 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 34,820. There are 22 villages and 19 mouzas in the union.

Kushtia District
Kushtia District (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলা; pronounced [kuʃʈi̯a‿d͡ʒela] ⓘ) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia is the second largest municipality in Bangladesh and the eleventh largest city in the country. Kushtia has existed as a separate district since the partition of India. Prior to that, Kushtia was name of a subdivision of Nadia district. Kushtia is the birthplace of many historical figures including Mir Mosharraf Hossain (1847–1912), Bagha Jatin (1879–1915) Akshay Kumar Maitreya(1861 – 1930) and Lalon (1774–1890). Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore lived his early life at Shelaidaha, a village in the district.
Henry (automobile)
The Henry was an American automobile built in Muskegon, Michigan by the Henry Motor Car Company from 1910 to 1912. The first model built was a five-seat tonneau with a 35 hp engine which sold for $1,750 (equivalent to $59,056 in 2024). Both 20 hp and 40 hp engines were made available in 1911, and these were available in five body styles. The 1911 two-seater roadster had running board mounted toolboxes.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
French Guiana national football team
The French Guiana national football team (French: Sélection de Guyane de football) represents the French Guiana (French overseas department) in men's international football, which is governed by the Ligue de football de la Guyane (English: Football League of Guiana) founded in 1962, the local branch of the FFF. It has been an associate member of CONCACAF since 1978 and becoming a full member in 2013, but is not affiliated with FIFA. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

The French Guiana has qualified once for the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2017, and has also participated once in League A and three times in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League. Regionally, the team finished third place in the 1983 CFU Championship and also in the 2017 Caribbean Cup.
The French Guiana cannot participate in World Cup qualifiers or FIFA global competitions, as it is not a FIFA member.

CONCACAF Nations League
The CONCACAF Nations League (Spanish: Liga de Naciones de la CONCACAF, French: Ligue des Nations de la CONCACAF) is an association football competition organized by CONCACAF as its secondary continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament takes place on dates allocated for international friendlies on the FIFA International Match Calendar. A one-time qualifying tournament took place from September 2018 to March 2019, with its inaugural edition in 2019.
Duke of Saint-Aignan
Duke of Saint-Aignan (Fr.: duc de Saint-Aignan) was a title of nobility in the peerage of France created by Louis XIV of France for François de Beauvilliers in 1663.  It takes its name from Beauvilliers' hometown of Saint-Aignan (which is close to Blois).

Blois
Middle Ages portal

Blois (/blwɑː/ BLWAH; French: [blwa] ⓘ) is a commune and the capital city of Loir-et-Cher department, in Centre-Val de Loire, France, on the banks of the lower Loire river between Orléans and Tours.

With 45,898 inhabitants by 2019, Blois is the most populated city of the department, and the 4th of the region.

Historically, the city was the capital of the County of Blois, created in 832 until its integration into the Royal domain in 1498, when Count Louis II of Orléans became King Louis XII of France. During the Renaissance, Blois was the official residence of the King of France.
Pavilhão Serra Van-Dúnem
The Pavilhão Serra Van-Dunem is an Angolan indoor sporting arena located in Huambo. The arena, built on the occasion of the 2007 Afrobasket, along with the Pavilhão Acácias Rubras in Benguela, Pavilhão N.Sra do Monte in Huíla and the Pavilhão do Tafe in Cabinda, has a 2,010-seat capacity.

Huíla Province
Huíla is a province of Angola. It has an area of 79,023 square kilometres (30,511 mi2) and a population of 3,302,866 (2024 census). Lubango is the capital of the province. Basket-making is a significant industry in the province; many make baskets out of reeds.
Alan McDonald (Australian footballer)
Alan Joseph McDonald (23 June 1918 – 2 May 1999) was an Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1939 and 1941 and then again in 1943 for the Richmond Football Club.

Recruited from Dumbalk, in the South Gippsland Football League, where his father was captain-coach in 1939 at the age of 58 and he had three brothers who all played with Dumbalk too.

McDonald played a fine game in Richmond's losing 1940 VFL Grand Final loss to Melbourne.

After World War II McDonald played two seasons for Camberwell in the VFA.

He then coached South Bendigo from 1947 to 1956, which included five Bendigo Football League premierships in 1950, 1951, 1954, 1955 and 1956.

McDonald was senior coach of Richmond from 1957 to 1960,. where they finished 7th in 1957, 10th in 1958 and 11th in 1959

Alan was the younger brother of Melbourne player, Jim McDonald

South Bendigo Football Netball Club
The South Bendigo Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Bloods, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the city of Bendigo, Victoria.

The club teams currently compete in the Bendigo Football Netball League.
Mahfoud Ali Beiba
Mahfoud Ali Beiba Hammad Dueihi (Arabic: محفوظ علي بيبا حماد; 1952 – July 2, 2010) was a Sahrawi politician and co-founder of the Polisario Front, a national liberation movement that seeks self-determination for Western Sahara. From 1975 until his death, he lived in an exile in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria.

Tindouf
Tindouf (Arabic: تندوف, romanized: Tindūf) is the main town, and a commune in Tindouf Province, Algeria, close to the Mauritanian, Western Saharan and Moroccan borders.

The region is considered of strategic significance as it houses Algerian military bases and an airport with regular flights to Algiers, as well as flights to other domestic destinations. The settlement of Garet Djebilet lies within the municipal territory of Tindouf near the border with Mauritania; the settlement has an iron mine and a defunct airport, and is approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Âouinet Bel Egrâ. Since 1975, it also contains several Sahrawi refugee camps operated by the Polisario Front, a national liberation movement seeking the self-determination of Western Sahara.
Astro AEC
Astro AEC (abbreviation for Asian Entertainment Channel) is a 24-hour in house Mandarin-generic television channel in Malaysia, owned by Astro. The channel broadcasts local productions in addition to productions from Singapore, Taiwan and Mainland China.

Astro AEC HD was launched on 16 November 2014 for Astro subscribers who subscribed to HD service. Subtitles are provided in Bahasa Malaysia, English and Chinese where available. The HD version became the only version of the channel on 15 March 2021.

Malaysian Malay
Malaysian Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu Malaysia) or Malaysian (Bahasa Malaysia) – endonymically known as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai) or simply Malay (Bahasa Melayu, abbreviated to BM) – is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Singapore and Brunei (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the "Indonesian" language). Malaysian Malay is standardized from the Johor–Riau dialect of Malay, particularly a branch spoken in the state of Johor south of the Malay Peninsula. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular Malay dialect or another native language first.
Hawkins v. McGee
Hawkins v. McGee, 84 N.H. 114, 146 A. 641 (N.H. 1929), is a leading case on damages in contracts handed down by the New Hampshire Supreme Court. It has come to be known as the "Hairy Hand" case from the circumstances, because a subsequent decision uses the phrase.

This case is famous for its mention in the John Jay Osborn Jr. novel The Paper Chase and in the film and television versions of that work, as well as its use in legal education.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Elliði Vignisson
Elliði Vignisson is the mayor of Ölfus and the former mayor of Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. He is well known in the country in his work as mayor and as a member of the Independence Party. His affiliation with the Independence Party marks him as a figure within a specific political ideology in Iceland. His engagement extends beyond local issues, as evidenced by his participation in celebrations of Icelandic heritage in Spanish Fork, Utah, highlighting his connection with the Icelandic diaspora.

Ölfus
Ölfus (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœlvʏs] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Iceland. The major town is called Þorlákshöfn. The bottled water brand Icelandic Glacial is manufactured in this area, at the Ölfus spring.
2015 Castleford Tigers season
The 2015 season was the Castleford Tigers' 90th season in the Rugby Football League and their 8th consecutive season in the top flight of English rugby league. The club competed in the 2015 Super League and the 2015 Challenge Cup.

2015 Challenge Cup
The 2015 Challenge Cup, (also known as the Ladbrokes Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 114th staging of the rugby league tournament for teams in the Super League, the British National Leagues and a number of invited amateur clubs.

The defending champions Leeds Rhinos retained the trophy beating Hull Kingston Rovers 50–0 at Wembley Stadium on 29 August 2015.
Taqua banana
Taqua banana ("chuối tá quạ" in Vietnamese language) is a cultivated cooking banana cultivar, originating from Vietnam. This is a speciality fruit in Trà Vinh province. This cooking banana cultivar has many different characteristics, such as size and weight of the fruit, which are much larger than other banana cultivars. According to the belief of formerly Tra Vinh people, planting taqua banana would bring bad luck. Taqua banana produce few fruits, so in the past, Tra Vinh people only planted a few trees in the garden to get edible fruits or worship, but rarely planted it for trade. However, today, this fruit has become famous, breeding, cultivated and commonly sold on the market.

Cầu Kè district
Cầu Kè is a rural district (huyện) of Trà Vinh province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 128,555. The district covers an area of 234 km2 (90 sq mi). The district capital lies at Cầu Kè.
Johnson graph
In mathematics, Johnson graphs are a special class of undirected graphs defined from systems of sets. The vertices of the Johnson graph  are the -element subsets of an -element set; two vertices are adjacent when the intersection of the two vertices (subsets) contains -elements. Both Johnson graphs and the closely related Johnson scheme are named after Selmer M. Johnson.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Van Valckenborch
Van Valckenborch was a Flemish family of painters active in the late 16th and early 17th century. Notable members of the family include:

Frederik van Valckenborch

Gillis van Valckenborch (1570–1622)

Marten van Valckenborch (1535–1612)

Lucas van Valckenborch

Gillis van Valckenborch
Gillis van Valckenborch or Egidius van Valckenborch (1570 in Antwerp – end of March or 1 April 1622 in Frankfurt am Main) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman who spent most of his career in Germany. He was a member of the van Valckenborch dynasty of painters who painted mainly landscapes.  Unlike his family members, he is mainly known for his large-scale compositions with many swirling figures depicting scenes from ancient history or mythology. While his landscape drawings evidence his interest in landscape art no landscape paintings have been attributed to him.
Karl Schröter
Karl Walter Schröter (7 September 1905 in Biebrich near Wiesbaden – 22 August 1977 in Berlin) was a German mathematician and logician. Later on, after the war, he made important contributions concerning semantic consequences (German: semantische Folgerungsrelationen) and provability logic (German: syntaktische Ableitbarkeitsrelationen). He worked as a mathematical theoretician and cryptanalyst for the civilian Pers Z S, the cipher bureau of the Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt), from the spring of 1941 to the end of World War II.

Provability logic
Provability logic is a branch of proof theory and a modal logic, in which the box (or "necessity") operator is interpreted as 'it is provable that'. The point is to capture the notion of a proof predicate of a reasonably rich formal theory, such as Peano arithmetic.
Madia (surname)
Madia is the surname of the following notable people:

Chunilal Madia (1922–1968), Gujarati author from India

Giorgio Madia (born 1965), Italian opera and ballet choreographer and stage director

Kanti Madia, Indian actor, director, producer and playwright

Marianna Madia (born 1980), Italian politician

Stefano Madia (1954–2004), Italian film actor

William Madia (born 1947), American scientist

Jiten Madia Indian Entreprenuer

Marianna Madia
Maria Anna "Marianna" Madia (Italian pronunciation: [mariˈanna maˈdiːa]; born 5 September 1980) is an Italian politician of the Democratic Party and a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies since 2008.

She was Minister of Public Administration and Simplification from 22 February 2014 to 1 June 2018 (Renzi Cabinet and Gentiloni Cabinet).
Acantholimon carinatum
Acantholimon carinatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. The native range of this species is Afghanistan (Ghorat). It is a subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate biome and was described by Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika.

Ghor Province
Ghōr (Pashto, Dari: غور) also known as Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people. Firuzkoh (known as “Chaghcharan” until 2014) is the capital of the province.
Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy
The list that follows is the Liberal Democrats Frontbench Team/Shadow Cabinet led by Charles Kennedy, who was Party leader from 1999 to 2006. The Party began to refer to its Frontbench Team as a Shadow Cabinet during Kennedy's tenure as leader.

Andrew George (politician)
Andrew Henry George (born 2 December 1958) is an English and Cornish Liberal Democrat politician. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for St Ives in Cornwall since 2024, previously representing the constituency from 1997 to 2015, when he was defeated by the Conservatives' Derek Thomas. He was the vice-chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Housing and Planning Group in the 2010 parliament. George has served as a member of Cornwall Council for Ludgvan, Madron, Gulval and Heamoor, having been elected in the 2021 council election.
Kerry O'Brien (journalist)
Kerry Michael O'Brien (born 27 August 1945) is an Australian journalist based in Byron Bay. He is the former editor and host of The 7.30 Report and Four Corners on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). He has been awarded six Walkley Awards during his career.

Logie Hall of Fame
The Logie Hall of Fame is a specialised industry-voted award presented annually at the Australian TV Week Logie Awards. It was first awarded at the 26th Annual TV Week Logie Awards held in 1984. The award is given to recognise the outstanding contribution and achievements of individuals to the Australian television industry such as actors, producers, directors and writers, as well as iconic television programs. Below is the list of all who have been inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Irina Ivshina
Irina Borysivna Ivshina (born 12 June 12, 1950, Perm, Russia) is a  Russian microbiologist. She is head of the Laboratory of Alcanotrophic Microorganisms of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms (IEGM).

She is a professor at the Perm State University. She is vice-president of the Russian Microbiological Society. She was an editor for Molecules.

Perm State University
Perm State University (now Perm State National Research University; Russian: Пермский университет, Пермский государственный университет, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,  romanised: Permskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, Permskiy gosudarstvennyy natsionalynyy issledovatelskyy universitet) or PSU, PSNRU (Russian: ПГУ, ПГНИУ, romanised: PGU, PGNIU), is located in the city of Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Founded in 1916, it claims to be one of the oldest universities in the Ural and eastern territories of Russia. Its current rector is Dmitriy Krasilnikov.
University of Maine at Fort Kent
The University of Maine at Fort Kent (UMaine Fort Kent or UMFK; French: Université du Maine à Fort-Kent) is a public college in Fort Kent, Maine, United States. It is the northernmost campus of the University of Maine System. It is an academic center for Acadian and French American culture and heritage, and French-speaking Mainers from throughout the state. It currently has an enrollment of 1,557 students.

It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges - General".

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
Moravška Gora
Moravška Gora (pronounced [mɔˈɾaːu̯ʃka ˈɡɔːɾa]; German: Moräutschberg) is a settlement immediately north of Gabrovka in the Municipality of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Litija
The Municipality of Litija (pronounced [liˈtiːja] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Litija) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Litija. The area is part of the traditional Upper and Lower Carniola regions. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region; until 2015 it was part of the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is just over 15,000.
Zanjan and Tarom (electoral district)
Zanjan and Tarom (electoral district) is the biggest electoral district in the Zanjan Province of Iran. It has a population of 532,111 and elects 2 members of parliament, except that in the first legislative election it had 3 MPs.

Zanjan province
Zanjan province (Persian: استان زنجان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Zanjan. It is a mountainous province with close to 22,000 km2 of land placed in Iran's Region 3. Two-thirds of the people of the province live in the cities, mainly the capital and Abhar.
The Hungarian Pastry Shop
The Hungarian Pastry Shop is a café and bakery in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is located at 1030 Amsterdam Avenue between West 110th Street (also known as Cathedral Parkway) and West 111th Street, across the street from the Cathedral of St. John the Divine.

Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)
Tenth Avenue, known as Amsterdam Avenue between 59th Street and 193rd Street, is a north-south thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It carries uptown (northbound) traffic as far as West 110th Street (also known as Cathedral Parkway), after which it continues as a two-way street.