hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Rudd (cricketer, born 1866)
George Edward Rudd (14 January 1866 – 16 September 1921) was an English cricketer active from 1894 to 1901 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in York and died in Leicester. He appeared in 22 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox spin. He scored 379 runs with a highest score of 47 and took twelve wickets with a best performance of five for 118.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Castellabate
Castellabate (Cilentan: Castiellabbate) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Cilentan dialect
The Cilentan dialect (endonym: celendano or cilindanu; Italian: cilentano), also known as Cilento dialect, is a Neapolitan dialect spoken in the area of Cilento, located in the southern part of the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.
Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts
Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts MC AFC (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a Welsh World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces, he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Müller.

He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II.

Flight lieutenant
Flight lieutenant (Flt Lt or F/L) is a junior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank originated in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in 1914. It fell into abeyance when the RNAS merged with the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War but was revived in 1919 in the post-war RAF. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Flight lieutenant is immediately senior to flying officer and immediately below squadron leader. It is usually equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the navy and of the rank of captain in other services.

The equivalent rank in the former Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (PMRAFNS) (until 1980) was flight officer.
2024 California State Senate election
The 2024 California State Senate election took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, with the primary election being held on March 5, 2024. Voters in the 20 odd-numbered districts of the California State Senate will elect their representatives. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including the state Assembly.

There were 16 Democratic-held senate seats up for election in 2024, 3 Republican-held seats, and 1 open seat with no incumbent. Two Democratic incumbents, Dave Min and Josh Newman, were drawn into the same district during redistricting. In August 2024, Republicans gained one seat due to senator Marie Alvarado-Gil switching parties, increasing the size of their caucus to nine.

Republicans flipped one seat in the general election, doing so for the first time in a presidential election year since 1980.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
1984 Volvo International
The 1984 Volvo International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in North Conway, New Hampshire in the United States and was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix. The tournament ran from July 30 through August 6, 1984. Eighth-seeded Joakim Nyström won the singles title.

North Conway, New Hampshire
North Conway is a census-designated place (CDP) and village in eastern Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,116 at the 2020 census. A year-round resort area, North Conway is the second-largest village within the town of Conway, after the village of Conway proper. North Conway maintains its own fire station, post office and public library, sharing its other services with Conway. The White Mountain National Forest is to the west and north. The area is home to Cathedral Ledge (popular with climbers), Echo Lake State Park, and Cranmore Mountain Resort. North Conway is known for its large number of outlet shops.
Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher
Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (23 December 1896 – 24 March 1985) became Germany's first female professor of Law in September 1948, and remained the country's only female university law professor - after 1957 an emeritus (retired) law professor - for seventeen years. She taught at the University of Halle. By the time she received and accepted her professorship she was a few months short of her fifty-second birthday, reflecting a somewhat indirect career trajectory, her having grown up in a country where the educational system was not set up to enable women either to study or teach at any university.

Monumenta Germaniae Historica
The Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Latin for "Historical Monuments of Germany"), frequently abbreviated MGH, is a comprehensive series of carefully edited and published primary sources, both chronicle and archival, for the study of parts of Northwestern, Central and Southern European history from the end of the Roman Empire to 1500.

Despite the name, the series covers important sources for the history of many countries besides Germany, since the Society for the Publication of Sources on Germanic Affairs of the Middle Ages has included documents from many other areas subjected to the influence of Germanic tribes or rulers (Britain, Czech lands, Poland, Austria, France, Low Countries, Italy, Spain, etc.).
Mariner 3
Mariner 3 (Mariner C-2, together with Mariner 4 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was one of two identical deep-space probes designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA's Mariner-Mars 1964 project that were intended to conduct close-up (flyby) scientific observations of the planet Mars and transmit information on interplanetary space and the space surrounding Mars, televised images of the Martian surface and radio occultation data of spacecraft signals as affected by the Martian atmosphere back to Earth.

Although the launch was initially successful, there was a separation issue and Mariner 3 stopped responding when its batteries ran out of power. It was the third of ten spacecraft within the Mariner program.

Radio occultation
Radio occultation (RO) is a remote sensing technique used for measuring the physical properties of a planetary atmosphere or ring system. Satellites carrying onboard GNSS-Radio occultation instruments include CHAMP, GRACE and GRACE-FO, MetOp and the recently launched COSMIC-2.
Väike-Ula
Väike-Ula (Ula until 2017) is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 2.

Before the  administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Salme Parish.

Saaremaa
Saaremaa (/ˈsɑːrəmɑː/; Estonian: [ˈsɑˑreˌmɑː]) is the largest and most populous island in Estonia. Measuring 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi), its population is 31,435 (as of January 2020). The main island of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago), it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and northwest of the Gulf of Riga. The administrative centre of the island, and of the Saare maakond (county), is the town of Kuressaare.

From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, the island of Saaremaa was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Ösel.
Sparrows Point, Maryland
Sparrows Point is an industrial area in unincorporated Baltimore County, Maryland, United States, adjacent to Edgemere. Named after Thomas Sparrow, landowner, it was the site of a very large industrial complex owned by Bethlehem Steel, known for steelmaking and shipbuilding. In its heyday in the mid-20th century, it was the largest steel mill in the world. The site of the former Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and steel mill is now renamed Tradepoint Atlantic in a revitalization program to clean up the environment and make it one of the largest ports on the East Coast of the United States. Today Sparrows Point is home to many distribution centers, fulfillment centers, training lots, storage lots, and the like, including those operated by Under Armour, Amazon, Home Depot, Volkswagen, and McCormick & Company.

Mittal Steel Company
Mittal Steel Company N.V., incorporated in the Netherlands and headquartered in the United Kingdom, was a steel producer. In 2006, it produced 110.5 million tonnes of steel and had annual production capacity of 138 million tons of steel. In August 2006, it acquired Arcelor to form ArcelorMittal.

The company was named Ispat International N.V. until a merger with LNM Holdings N.V. in 2004.

As of 2006, the company was 44.79% owned by Lakshmi Mittal and his family and 54.74% of the company was publicly traded.
Tokyo Star Bank
The Tokyo Star Bank, Ltd. (株式会社東京スター銀行, Kabushiki-gaisha Tokyo Star Ginkō) is a Japanese regional bank established on June 11, 2001 out of the reorganization of then bankrupt Tokyo Sowa Bank (founded in 1949 as Tokyo Shokusan Mujin - Mutual Loan Company) by Lone Star Funds. In 2014, the bank was purchased by Taiwan's CTBC Financial Holding, marking the first time a foreign lender had taken complete ownership of a Japanese bank.

CTBC Financial Holding
CTBC Financial Holding Co., Ltd. (Former: ChinaTrust Financial Holding Company Ltd., Chinese: 中國信託金融控股) founded by Jeffrey Koo Sr., the third-generation of the Koo Family. Originally under the Koos Group, CTBC Financial Holding is a holding company  principally engaged in the finance industry through its eight major subsidiaries. As of 2024, the company reported total assets of $270 billion.

The holding company is based in CTBC Financial Park, Taipei, Taiwan. Today, the company is majority owned and chaired by Jeffrey Koo Jr. alongside the Koo Family.
Why Buffy Matters
Why Buffy Matters: The Art of Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 2005 academic publication relating to the fictional Buffyverse established by TV series, Buffy and Angel.

The book was reviewed by Angie Burns in Feminism & Psychology, Alan McKee in Media International Australia, Kristine Huntley in Booklist, and in Publishers Weekly.

Alan McKee
Alan McKee is an Australian university professor and researcher of sexualised media.

He has served as the president of the Cultural Studies Association of Australasia and sits on the editorial boards of the academic journals Continuum, M/C Journal, and the magazine Girlfriend Guide to Life.
Stump Creek, Pennsylvania
Stump Creek is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on U.S. Route 119, 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of Sykesville. Stump Creek has a post office with ZIP code 15863.

Sykesville, Pennsylvania
Sykesville is a borough in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sykesville had a population of 1,115.

Named for Jacob B. Sykes, an early resident, Sykesville was the birthplace of Olga Madar (1915–1996), the first woman to become a vice-president in the United Auto Workers (1970) and founder of the Coalition of Labor Union Women (1974).
Gümüş railway station
Gümüş railway station (Turkish: Gümüş istasyonu) is a railway station in near the village of Hasangazi, Niğde in Turkey. The station is located between the D.750 state highway to the north and the Çakıtsuyu creek to the south.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates two daily intercity trains from Konya and Kayseri to Adana.

State road D.750 (Turkey)
D.750 is a north-to-south state road in Turkey. It starts at Zonguldak at the Black Sea coast and ends at the junction of D.400 near Tarsus in the Mediterranean Region. Across its length of 722 km, it crosses many state roads, including the D.100, D.715, D.300, D.330 and D.805.
Teres Lindberg
Teres Victoria Lindberg (born 1974) is a Swedish politician, trade unionist and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she represented Stockholm Municipality between April 2011 and September 2014, and between September 2017 and September 2022. She had previously been a substitute member of the Riksdag three times: October 2014 to September 2015 (for Ylva Johansson); October 2015 to May 2017 (for Anders Ygeman); and May 2017 to September 2017 (for Stefan Löfven).

Lindberg was educated at a folk high school in Stockholm and studied at Stockholm University. She was as a postal worker between 1992 and 2002. She has held various roles at the Swedish Union for Service and Communications Employees (SEKO) trade union and Swedish Social Democratic Youth League (SSU). She was a member of the municipal council in Stockholm Municipality from 1999 to 2010.

Substitute (elections)
A substitute is a political candidate who is not directly elected, but who succeeds a politician holding an elected office after that person ceases to hold the office due to, for example, resignation or death. This system can be used to fill casual vacancies instead of holding by-elections or special elections to fill the vacant office. Substitutes are nominated, not at the time the vacancy arises but, rather, before the election for the information of voters. In voting systems which use electoral lists, the candidates on a given list who are not among those initially elected may become the substitutes for those who are. In other systems, individual candidates may have substitutes.
Taouyalte
Taouyalte is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7818 people living in 1258 households.

Taroudant Province
Taroudant (Arabic: تارودانت) is a province in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa. Its population in 2024 is 857,673.

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Iaaza

Aoulouz

El Guerdane

Irherm

Oulad Berhil

Oulad Teima

Taliouine

Taroudant
Cyril Lucaris
Cyril I of Constantinople (Cyril Lucaris or Kyrillos Loukaris (Greek: Κύριλλος Λούκαρις; 13 November 1572 – 27 June 1638) was a Greek prelate and theologian, and a native of Heraklion, Crete (then under the Republic of Venice). He later became the Greek Patriarch of Alexandria as Cyril III and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as Cyril I. He has been said to have attempted a reform of the Eastern Orthodox Church along Calvinist Protestant lines. Attempts to bring Calvinism into the Orthodox Church were rejected, and Cyril I's actions, motivations, and specific viewpoints remain a matter of debate among scholars. Cyril I is locally venerated as a hieromartyr in the Alexandrian Orthodox Church; the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria glorified Loukaris on 6 October 2009, and he is commemorated on 27 June.

Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organization, faith, and order of service.
18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Carroll's)
The 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, also known as "Carroll's regiment," was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was raised in 1862 under the command of Colonel D. W. Carroll.

The regiment served east of the Mississippi in several actions before being surrendered at Port Hudson in July 1863. Reorganized, the regiment was finally merged with several other Arkansas units to form the 2d Consolidated Arkansas Infantry.

There was another regiment designated as the 18th Arkansas. When Lieutenant-Colonel J. S. Marmaduke's 1st Arkansas Infantry Battalion was increased to a regiment, it was briefly designated as the 18th Arkansas Infantry. Marmaduke's regiment was subsequently redesignated as the 3d Confederate Infantry.

John S. Marmaduke
John Sappington Marmaduke (March 14, 1833 – December 28, 1887) was an American politician and soldier. He was the 25th governor of Missouri from 1885 until his death in 1887. During the American Civil War, he was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater.

On September 6, 1863, Marmaduke killed a Confederate brigadier general, Lucius M. Walker, in a duel. Confederate Major General Sterling Price ordered Marmaduke's arrest but suspended the order because of the impending U.S. advance on Little Rock, Arkansas. Marmaduke never faced a court martial for the duel.
New South Wales Hard Court Championships
The New South Wales Hard Court Championships was a men's and women's open tennis tournament founded in 1915, and first held at Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. It was first organised by the Dubbo District Tennis Association in conjunction with the New South Wales Lawn Tennis Association and was played on clay courts. It was staged as part of ILTF Australasia Circuit a sub circuit of the ILTF World Circuit until 1972, then became part of the ILTF Independent Tour until 1984 and finally part of the Tennis Australia Circuit till 1988 when it was discontinued as a senior event.

Tony Roche
Anthony Dalton Roche AO MBE (born 17 May 1945), professionally known as Tony Roche is an Australian former professional tennis player.

A native of Tarcutta, Roche played junior tennis in the New South Wales regional city of Wagga Wagga. He won one Grand Slam singles title, the 1966 French Open at Roland Garros, and 15 Grand Slam doubles titles (12 of these with John Newcombe).

In 1968, Roche won the WCT/NTL combined professional championship in men's singles in the final event of the season at Madison Square Garden. He was ranked World No. 2 by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph in 1969.

He won the U.S. Pro Championships in 1970 at Longwood in Boston. Roche won the New South Wales Open twice, in 1969 and 1976. He won a key Davis Cup singles match in 1977.

He also coached multi-Grand Slam winning world No. 1s Ivan Lendl, Patrick Rafter, Roger Federer and Lleyton Hewitt.
Gaiti Hasan
Gaiti Hasan (born November 1956) is an Indian scientist who researches in the fields of Drosophila genetics, neuroscience and intra cellular calcium signalling. She is expert in Reverse genetics. Hasan is a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the apex body of Indian scientists and technologists. From 2013 onwards she has been serving as a Senior Professor at the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore.

Reverse genetics
Reverse genetics is a method in molecular genetics that is used to help understand the function(s) of a gene by analysing the phenotypic effects caused by genetically engineering specific nucleic acid sequences within the gene. The process proceeds in the opposite direction to forward genetic screens of classical genetics. While forward genetics seeks to find the genetic basis of a phenotype or trait, reverse genetics seeks to find what phenotypes are controlled by particular genetic sequences.

Automated DNA sequencing generates large volumes of genomic sequence data relatively rapidly. Many genetic sequences are discovered in advance of other, less easily obtained, biological information. Reverse genetics attempts to connect a given genetic sequence with specific effects on the organism. Reverse genetics systems can also allow the recovery and generation of infectious or defective viruses with desired mutations. This allows the ability to study the virus in vitro and in vivo.
Al Thake
Albert Thake (September 21, 1849 – September 1, 1872) was an English professional baseball left fielder for the Brooklyn Atlantics of the National Association. Joining the team in 1872, he played 18 games for them, batting .295 with 14 runs scored, 23 hits, 2 doubles, 2 triples, 0 home runs, 15 runs batted in (RBI), and 2 stolen bases. Thake died on September 1, 1872, when he drowned off the coast of Fort Hamilton while fishing.

Brooklyn Atlantics
The Atlantic Base Ball Club of Brooklyn ("Atlantic" or the "Brooklyn Atlantics") was baseball's first champion and its first dynasty. The team was also the first baseball club to visit the White House in 1865 at the invitation of President Andrew Johnson.
Willy Sluiter
Jan Willem "Willy" Sluiter (24 May 1873 in Amersfoort – 22 May 1949 in The Hague) was a Dutch painter. 
He was best known for his paintings of Dutch villages and its dwellers, and also did portraits of members of Dutch high society. His work was part of the art competitions at four Olympic Games.

High society
High society, sometimes simply Society, is the behavior and lifestyle of people with the highest levels of wealth, power, fame and social status. It includes their related affiliations, social events and practices. Upscale social clubs were open to men based on assessments of their ranking and role within high society.  In American high society, the Social Register was traditionally a key resource for identifying qualified members. For a global perspective, see upper class. The quality of housing, clothing, servants and dining were visible marks of membership.
Jugnu (1973 film)
Jugnu (transl. Firefly) is a 1973 Indian Hindi-language action heist film  produced and directed by Pramod Chakravorty. The story is about an extremely intelligent crook with a "Golden" heart (Dharmendra), who has the remarkable ability to steal from the most protected setups. The movie also stars Hema Malini, Mehmood, Lalita Pawar, Prem Chopra, Nazir Hussain, Ajit and Pran. The music is by S. D. Burman and the lyrics by Anand Bakshi. The film features a popular dialogue written by Sachin Bhowmick, "Baap ke naam kaa sahara kamzor log lete hai", Meaning: "The weak seek to be known by their father's reputation", which was said on two occasions by Dharmendra and Pran. It went on to become one of the most loved and famous dialogues of all time in Hindi cinema. Jugnu Remains a cult classic of Hindi cinema and represents one of Dharmendra's finest performances. This film was remade into Tamil and Telugu in 1980 as Guru.

Anand Bakshi
Anand Bakshi (21 July 1930 – 30 March 2002) was an Indian poet and lyricist. He won Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist four times during his career. He wrote more than 6,000 film songs in more than 300 films.