hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Copa Colombia
The 2025 Copa Colombia, officially the Copa BetPlay Dimayor 2025 for sponsorship reasons, was the 23rd edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs affiliated to Dimayor, the governing body of professional club football in Colombia. The tournament, which was contested by the 36 Dimayor member clubs, began on 28 May and ended on 17 December 2025.

The defending champions Atlético Nacional won their eighth Copa Colombia title in this tournament, and third in a row, after defeating Independiente Medellín 1–0 on aggregate in the finals. By winning the competition, Atlético Nacional qualified for the 2026 Copa Sudamericana.

2026 Copa Sudamericana
The 2026 Copa CONMEBOL Sudamericana will be the 25th edition of the CONMEBOL Sudamericana (also referred to as the Copa Sudamericana), South America's secondary club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The competition will begin on 3 March and is scheduled to end on 21 November 2026, with the final to be played at Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez in Barranquilla, Colombia.

The winners of the 2026 Copa Sudamericana will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2026 Copa Libertadores in the 2027 Recopa Sudamericana. They will also automatically qualify for the 2027 Copa Libertadores group stage.

Argentine club Lanús are the titleholders, but since they qualified for the 2026 Copa Libertadores group stage as Copa Sudamericana champions, they will only be able to defend their title if they place third in their Copa Libertadores group.
TWANG
TWANG, the Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups, developed by the statistics group of the RAND Corporation, contains a set of functions to support Rubin causal modeling of observational data through the estimation and evaluation of propensity score weights by applying gradient boosting. It has been applied in several studies.

Rubin causal model
The Rubin causal model (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland. The potential outcomes framework was first proposed by Jerzy Neyman in his 1923 Master's thesis, though he discussed it only in the context of completely randomized experiments.  Rubin extended it into a general framework for thinking about causation in both observational and experimental studies.
San Juan de Ulúa
19°12′33″N 96°07′53″W﻿ / ﻿19.20917°N 96.13139°W﻿ / 19.20917; -96.13139

San Juan de Ulúa, now known as Castle of San Juan de Ulúa, is a large complex of fortresses, prisons and one former palace on an island of the same name in the Gulf of Mexico overlooking the seaport of Veracruz, Mexico.  Juan de Grijalva's 1518 expedition named the island. On March 30, 1519, Hernan Cortés met with Tendile and Pitalpitoque, emissaries from Moctezuma II's Aztec Empire.

It was built between 1535 and 1769. There is a local museum of the fortress, inaugurated in 1984.

Juan de Grijalva
Juan de Grijalva (Spanish: [xwan de ɣɾiˈxalβa]; c. 1490 – 21 January 1527) was a Spanish conquistador, and a relative of Diego Velázquez.: 27  He went to Hispaniola in 1508 and to Cuba in 1511. He was one of the early explorers of the Mexican coastline, and was killed by natives in Honduras on 21 January 1527.
1945–46 Division 2 season (Swedish ice hockey)
The 1945–46 Division 2 season was the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden for 1945–46.  The league consisted of 41 teams, divided into seven geographical groups of five or six teams.  The seven group winners—Brynäs IF (norra), Hofors IK (Dala), Forshaga IF (västra), Åkers IF (Sörmland), IFK Stockholm (östra), Västerås IK (Västmanland), and UoIF Matteuspojkarna (södra)—continued to a promotion qualifier, which resulted in Forshaga, Åker, Västerås, and Matteuspojkarna being promoted to Division 1 for the 1946–47 season.

Åkers IF
Åkers IF, abbreviated ÅIF, is a Swedish sports club founded in 1918 and based in Åkers styckebruk. As of 2013, the club has sections competing in association football, gymnastics, orienteering, and skiing.

As of 2006, the club also ran sections for athletics, basketball, floorball, handball, and ice hockey. The club has also run sections for bandy and cross country running. The ice hockey section merged with Strängnäs HC in 2012 to become its own club, Åker/Strängnäs HC. That club currently plays in the modern Hockeyettan, the third tier of Swedish hockey, as of the 2013–14 season. Before the merger, the ice hockey section had played two seasons in Division I when it was the top tier of Swedish hockey (1946–47 and 1953–54).
Vicente Leñero
Vicente Leñero Otero (June 9, 1933 – December 3, 2014) was a Mexican novelist, journalist, and playwright. He wrote numerous books, stories, and plays, including a theatrical adaptation of Oscar Lewis's The Children of Sanchez.  He was awarded the Premio Xavier Villaurrutia in 2001, and the following year he received the Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes de México (National Prize of Arts and Sciences) for literature and linguistics.

Oscar Lewis
Oscar Lewis, born Lefkowitz (December 25, 1914 – December 16, 1970) was an American anthropologist. He is best known for his vivid depictions of the lives of slum dwellers and his argument that a cross-generational culture of poverty transcends national boundaries. Lewis contended that the cultural similarities occurred because they were "common adaptations to common problems" and that "the culture of poverty is both an adaptation and a reaction of the poor classes to their marginal position in a class-stratified, highly individualistic, capitalistic society." 
He won the 1967 U.S. National Book Award in Science, Philosophy and Religion for La vida: a Puerto Rican family in the culture of poverty--San Juan and New York.
Mister Fred's Round Pegs and Bass Peeps
Mister Fred's Round Pegs and Bass Peeps is an all-star musical ensemble led by New Orleans writer and performer P.H. (PH) Fred, who is best known for the Dr. Demento tune “Kill Barney” and his tenure with BROWN! Improv alongside Ken Jeong. The group's debut CD, Lithium and Underoos, is a folk opera loosely based on Fred's battles with manic depression post-Katrina.

Mister Fred's Round Pegs and Bass Peeps also features guitarist Steve Hunter and bassist Fernando Saunders, both Lou Reed alumni. Other Bass Peeps include Jimmy Messa (The Subdudes), George Porter Jr. (The Meters), and Mike Watt (Minutemen, Firehose, The Stooges).

A live version of the band performs in New Orleans under the abbreviated name The Round Pegs.

The band is currently finishing up its second full-length CD N.O.Americana. Hunter, Saunders, and Watt are all involved in the project.

Ken Jeong
Kendrick Kang-Joh Jeong (/dʒʌŋ/ JUNG; Korean: 정강조; born July 13, 1969) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He rose to prominence for playing Leslie Chow in The Hangover film series (2009–2013) and Ben Chang in the NBC sitcom Community (2009–2015). He created, wrote and produced the ABC sitcom Dr. Ken (2015–2017), in which he portrays the titular character, and he has appeared in the films Knocked Up (2007), Role Models (2008), Furry Vengeance (2010), The Duff (2015), Ride Along 2 (2016), Crazy Rich Asians (2018), Scoob! (2020), Tom & Jerry (2021), and KPop Demon Hunters (2025).

Jeong is a licensed physician in California but has since stopped practicing in favor of his acting career. He appears as a panelist on the American version of the singing competition show The Masked Singer and appeared on the first series of the British version. He also serves as the host of I Can See Your Voice.
Chen Junliang
Chen Junliang (Chinese: 陈俊亮; born 10 October 1933) is a Chinese scientist specializing in switching technology and telecommunications network. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). He is one of the founders of China's SPC switching system and pioneer of China's intelligent network (IN).

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
Bağarası, Söke
Bağarası is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Söke, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 5,728 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Söke and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Aydın.

The town was a Greek town named Mandıca prior to Turkish War of Independence. After the war according to Population exchange between Greece and Turkey agreement, the Greek population of the town was replaced with Turks from Greece. Main crops of the town are citrus, sunflower and cotton.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
Félicien Marceau
Félicien Marceau (16 September 1913 – 7 March 2012) was a French novelist, playwright and essayist originally from Belgium. His real name was Louis Carette. He was close to the Hussards right-wing literary movement, which in turn was close to the monarchist movement . He was born in Kortenberg, Flemish Brabant.

Marceau received the Prix Goncourt for his book Creezy (ISBN 0714507083) in 1969. On 27 November 1975 he was elected to the Académie française, succeeding Marcel Achard. In 1974, Goudji created the academician's sword for Félicien Marceau.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Södermanland Runic Inscription 194
Sö 194 is the Rundata designation for a runic inscription on a memorial runestone located in Brössike, which is about 12 kilometers northeast of Strängnäs, Södermanland County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Södermanland. There are many such memorial runestones in Scandinavia. While the tradition of carving inscriptions into boulders began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, most runestones date from the late Viking Age.

Strängnäs
Strängnäs is a locality and the seat of Strängnäs Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 15,363 inhabitants in 2020. It is located by Lake Mälaren and is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Strängnäs, one of the thirteen dioceses of the Church of Sweden. Prominently located on a hilltop, Strängnäs Cathedral, built between 1291 and 1340, is an important landmark.
Félix Dolci
Félix Dolci (/ˈdɔːlsi/ DOL-see) (born 5 May 2002) is a Canadian male artistic gymnast.  He represented Canada at the 2024 Summer Olympics.  He is the 2023 Pan American Games all-around and floor exercise champion, the 2025 Pan American all-around champion, and the 2019 Junior World Champion on rings.  He has been a member of the Canadian national team since 2017.

Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris were contested in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. The artistic (27 July to 5 August) and trampoline (2 August) events took place at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules), with the rhythmic events staged at Porte de La Chapelle Arena from 8 to 10 August.
Section 21 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 21 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 21 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating to the composition of the Senate of Canada, the upper house of the federal Parliament of Canada. The section provides that the total number of senators is 105. Section 21 originally provided that the Senate would be composed of 72 senators, but that number has gradually increased as new provinces and territories joined Confederation.

The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada.  Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867.  It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada.

Implied repeal
The doctrine of implied repeal is a concept in constitutional theory which states that where an act of Parliament or an act of Congress (or of some other legislature) conflicts with an earlier one, the later Act takes precedence and the conflicting parts of the earlier Act become legally inoperable. This doctrine is expressed in the Latin phrase leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant or "lex posterior derogat priori".

Implied repeal is to be contrasted with the express repeal of legislation by the legislative body.
Hollywood 411
Hollywood 411 is an entertainment news and gossip television show that originally premiered on August 12, 2005, but later started on January 14, 2008, on the TV Guide Network and is hosted by Chris Harrison. The show was previously hosted by Madison Michele with guest hosts Marc Istook, Tanika Ray, and Rosanna Tavarez. The show includes celebrity interviews and previews of TV shows and movies.

Rosanna Tavarez
Rosanna Tavarez (born February 10, 1977) is an American singer, television host, dancer, and teacher. She rose to prominence in 2001 as a contestant on the American version of the reality television franchise Popstars. As one of the show's five finalists, she became a member of the girl group Eden's Crush. In the same year, they released their debut studio album and its lead single "Get Over Yourself", but disbanded after their record label London-Sire Records closed.

After Eden's Crush, Tavarez worked as a host on music television shows and recorded Latin alternative music. Under the stage name Chana, she released the extended play (EP) Manos Arriba in 2008. Tavarez has subsequently transitioned away from music and has instead focused on teaching and dance.
Dresden Flughafen station
Dresden Flughafen (German: Bahnhof Dresden Flughafen) is an underground railway station at the airport serving the city of Dresden in Saxony, Germany. The station, along with the 1.15 km long extension of the Klotzsche–Grenzstraße railway to Dresden Airport opened on 25 March 2001. The station was the first and, until the opening of the Leipzig City Tunnel, the only underground station in Saxony. It is also the first station in Saxony and the eighth in Germany at an airport.

Dresden-Klotzsche–Dresden Airport railway
The Dresden-Klotzsche–Dresden Airport railway is a single-track, electrified main line in Saxony, Germany. It runs from Dresden-Klotzsche station on the Görlitz–Dresden railway to Dresden Airport and today it is served exclusively by the Dresden S-Bahn.
The Skinny (album)
The Skinny is the debut solo studio album by American rapper and Dungeon Family member Slimm Calhoun. It was released on April 10, 2001, via Aquemini/Elektra Records. Production was handled by Earthtone III, The Beat Bullies, Butta, Carl Mo, Chronic Chris, Cutmaster Swiff, Jeminesse Smith, Organized Noize, Ruben James and Swift C. It features guest appearances from André 3000, Backbone, Big Boi, ChamDon, Killer Mike and Sleepy Brown, as well as cameo appearances from Dana Lewis, Joi, Lil' Will, Missy Ward, Mr. DJ, Screechy Peach, Sniper Unit and Supa Nate. The album peaked at number 78 on the Billboard 200 and number 19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. Its lead single "It's OK" made it to No. 35 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and topped the Hot Rap Songs chart.

Supa Nate
Nathaniel Elder, better known by his stage name Supa Nate, was one of the rappers in the hip-hop group Konkrete and a member of Dungeon Family. He grew up in Atlanta, where he attended Banneker High School. He made his debut in 1998 on "Nathaniel" on Outkast's Aquemini, in which he delivered an original rap, sans back beat, from a jail telephone. The lyrics reference his wish to get out of jail so he can "grab a mic and bust a flow". After his release, Nate joined with rappers C-Bone and James "Lil' Brotha" Patton to form Konkrete.

Cynt The Shrimp split from Konkrete's Nathaniel "Supa Nate" Elder in December 2006. Cynthia, Cynt The Shrimp, was featured on Big Boi's Got Purp? Vol. 2, "Purple Ribbon (Interlude)".

Nathaniel lost his battle with cancer on January 25, 2023.
Jeremy Cowan
Charles D. Cowan (1923–2013), normally known as Jeremy Cowan, was a British historian and academic administrator. He was the Director of the School of Oriental and African Studies in London during 1976–1989.

Jeremy Cowan was a historian of modern Southeast Asia. Under Cowas's leadership at SOAS, a Japan Research Centre was founded in 1978, a Centre of Music Studies in 1979, and a Centre for Art and Archaeology in 1981. As Director of SOAS, he had to deal with state funding cuts under the Margaret Thatcher government in the early 1980s, and many scholars were lost from the institution as a result. In 1986, the Parker Report, commissioned by the UK University Grants Committee to assess Asian and African study needs, criticized these cuts. Thus, in 1987–88, funding was provided for 18 new posts together with additional library support.

Cowan's portrait was painted by Richard Stone. He was awarded a CBE.

University Grants Committee (United Kingdom)
University Grants Committee was an advisory committee of the British government, which advised on the distribution of grant funding amongst the British universities. It was in existence from 1919 until 1989. Its functions have now largely been taken over by the higher education funding councils (OfS and UKRI in England, SFC in Scotland, HEFCW in Wales, and Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland).
Alversund Bridge
The Alversund Bridge (Norwegian: Alversund bru) is a suspension bridge spanning the Alverstraumen, a narrow strait between the island of Radøy and the mainland in the village of Alversund in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The bridge was opened for traffic on 29 June 1958. The Alversund bridge was the first toll bridge collaboration project between the municipalities in the region of Nordhordland. The bridge's main span is 198 metres (650 ft) and the maximum clearance to the sea is 27 metres (89 ft).

It was decided that even when the bridge was paid for in 1968, the toll fees would continue as a prepayment for the planned Nordhordland Bridge (opened in 1994).

Toll bridge
A toll bridge is a bridge where a monetary charge (or toll) is required to pass over. Generally the private or public owner, builder and maintainer of the bridge uses the toll to recoup their investment, in much the same way as a toll road.
1996–97 Singer Champions Trophy
The 1996 Singer Champions Trophy was held in Sharjah, UAE, between November 7-15, 1996. Three national teams took part: New Zealand, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

The 1996 Champions Trophy started with a double round-robin tournament where each team played the other twice. The two leading teams qualified for the final. Pakistan won the tournament and US$30,000. Runners-up New Zealand won US$15,000.

The beneficiaries of the tournament were Talat Ali,  Sadiq Mohammad and Ijaz Ahmed (all Pakistan) who each received US$35,000.

Talat Ali
Talat Ali Malik (born 29 May 1950) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in ten Test matches from 1972 to 1979. He served as international match referee as well. He was the manager of the Pakistan Cricket Team from October 2006 until his resignation 17 October 2008 following the Quadrangular four-nation Twenty20 series in Canada, in which Pakistan lost to Sri Lanka in the final

Talat Ali Malik is the grandson of Malik Barkat Ali, one of the Pioneers of Freedom commemorated by a stamp issued by the government of Pakistan, for his pivotal role in the establishment of the nation, working with his close allies and friends Muhammed Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal.

Talat Ali Malik also worked for Pakistan International Airlines for three decades, in Senior Management, as general manager and Director of operations before retiring. His eldest son works in academia at Imperial College, in South Kensington at the Dyson School of Engineering.
Campion School, Leamington Spa
Campion School was formed in 1977 when it moved to the present site on Sydenham Drive in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. In 2006, Campion was awarded dual specialisms of Business and Enterprise, and Visual Arts. The school became an academy on 1 January 2012.

Campion School is a mixed 11 to 18 secondary school. Although the school mainly serves South Leamington, it also take pupils from Whitnash, Radford Semele and Bishop's Tachbrook, other areas of Leamington, and the Heathcote area of Warwick. The maximum number of pupils admitted in any one year is 155.

Arts College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
An Arts College, in the United Kingdom, was part of the 2011-defunct Specialist Schools Programme. It specialises in the subject fields of the performing, visual, digital and/or media arts. They were announced in 1996 and introduced alongside Sports Colleges to England in 1997, being one of the five "practical specialisms" of the specialist schools programme. They were then introduced to Scotland in 2005 and Northern Ireland in 2006. By 2011, when the programme ended, there were over 491 Arts Colleges in England. More have been introduced since then, however schools must be an academy, free school or use the Dedicated Schools Grant to become one.

Arts Colleges are entitled by the School Standards and Framework Act 1998 to select 10% of its yearly pupil intake based on academic aptitude, however this partial selection is optional.

Arts Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting art within the community.