hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Asovo
Asovo (Russian: Асово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Asovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 826 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Bobby Jarzombek
Bobby Jarzombek is an American musician of Polish and German ancestry who is currently the drummer for country music singer George Strait. Bobby also has been a drummer for Sebastian Bach, and progressive metal band Fates Warning. Guitarist Ron Jarzombek is his younger brother.

He has also recorded and toured extensively with the bands Halford and Riot and worked with Fates Warning offshoot Arch/Matheos, Iced Earth, Rob Rock, John West, Spastic Ink, and Juggernaut, among others. As of August 2021, Jarzombek has been the tour drummer for country artist George Strait.

Jarzombek is noted for, somewhat uniquely, positioning cymbals behind him, usually over his left and right shoulders, for shoulder hits while playing.

Toontrack
Toontrack is a music software company, based in Umeå, Sweden. Founded in 1997, it develops virtual instruments and audio plug-ins, including Superior Drummer, EZdrummer, EZkeys, EZbass, and EZmix. Still headquartered in Umeå, Toontrack now has branches in the US, UK, and Germany.
Quercia
Quercia is a surname of Italian origin, meaning "Oak". Notable people with this name include:

Boris Quercia (born 1967), Chilean actor, director, writer, and producer

Dylan Quercia (born 1985), American chess player

Jacopo della Quercia (c. 1374–1438), Italian sculptor

Julien Quercia (born 1986), French footballer

Orestes Quércia (1938–2010), Brazilian politician

Priamo della Quercia (c. 1400–1467), Italian painter and miniaturist

Jacopo della Quercia
Jacopo della Quercia (/ˌdɛlə ˈkwɛərtʃə/, Italian: [ˈjaːkopo della ˈkwɛrtʃa]; c. 1374 – 20 October 1438), also known as Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri, was an Italian sculptor of the Early Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello.
Spanish galleon San José
San José was a 64-gun galleon of the Spanish Navy. It was launched in 1698 and sank in battle off Barú Island, just south of Cartagena, Colombia, in 1708, while laden with gold, silver and emeralds worth about US$17 billion as of 2023.

The sunken ship was located at a depth of 600 meters by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in November 2015. In July 2017, it was announced that a salvage operation managed by the Colombian government would proceed.

Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History
The Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (Spanish: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia), ICANH, is a scientific and technical government agency ascribed to the Ministry of Culture in charge of researching, producing and disseminating knowledge in the fields of anthropology, archeology and colonial history to protect the archaeological and ethnographic patrimony of Colombia.
Gelawdewos
Galawdewos (Ge'ez: ገላውዴዎስ, 1521/1522 – 23 March 1559), also known as Claudius in European sources, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 3 September 1540 until his death in 1559, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Atsnaph Sagad I (Ge'ez: አጽናፍ ሰገድ). A male line descendant of medieval Amhara kings, he was a younger son of Dawit II and Seble Wongel.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Nationalism in the Middle Ages
Several scholars of nationalism support the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages, mainly in Europe. This school of thought differs from modernism, the predominant school of thought on nationalism, which suggests that nationalism developed largely after the late 18th century and the French Revolution. Theories on the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages may belong to the general paradigms of ethnosymbolism and primordialism (perennialism).

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Christianity in Laos
Christianity is a minority religion in Laos.

In 2015, Christians in Laos numbered 200,000 to 210,000, with 50,000–60,000 thousand for Catholics and 150,000 for Protestants, based on rough estimates conducted by LFND.  In 2021, estimates showed that there were 100,000 Catholics, 200,000 evangelicals, 4,700 Methodists and 2,500 Seventh-day Adventists.

There are three recognised Churches in Laos: the Catholic Church, the Lao Evangelical Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Laotian government repressed all activities of religion from 1975 to 1989. Religious practice resumed to be permitted after the Party held a congress and released two new doctrines called as chintanakan mai or new thinking and kanpianpeng mai or renovation. Laotian religious freedom began increasing in 2000s, when the government started opening the dialogue up with United Nations and numerous organisations.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Edwin Seaver
Edwin Seaver (1900–1987) was a 20th-century American publisher, writer, editor, and critic, best known for his work with left-wing magazines (including the Call, Leader, New Masses) and newspapers (Daily Worker), as well as book publishing houses including Book-of-the-Month Club, Little, Brown and Company, and George Braziller, .

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
Fahad Albutairi
Fahad al-Butairi (Arabic: فهد البتيري Fáhád al-Butáyry; born 13 May 1984) is a Saudi stand-up comedian, actor and  screenwriter. Albutairi became the first Saudi Arabian comedian to perform on stage professionally in Saudi Arabia and in the whole of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. He is also one of the most notable YouTube personalities from the country. He was then forcibly returned from Jordan to Saudi Arabia, due to his ex-wife Loujain al-Hathloul's activities as a women's rights activist.

Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Arabic: دول الخليج الفارسي, romanized: duwal al-Khalīj al-ʿfarsi), are a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent political union of the region is the Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes all Persian Gulf states except Iraq. Most Persian Gulf states are former protectorates of the British Empire.
Lajos Berán
Lajos Berán (1882 – 1943 in Budapest) was a Hungarian sculptor and artist noted for his medal work.

Notable coins include his 1915 96-mm cast bronze War Medal and 1925 reverse depiction of Ignác Alpár (81mm)
and the 1932 Endre Liber reverse, a 72-mm struck bronze. All three are currently on display at the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest.

Hungarian National Gallery
The Hungarian National Gallery (also known as Magyar Nemzeti Galéria, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈnɛmzɛti ˈɡɒleːrijɒ]), was established in 1957 as the national art museum. It is located in Buda Castle in Budapest, Hungary. Its collections cover Hungarian art in all genres, including the works of many nineteenth- and twentieth-century Hungarian artists who worked in Paris and other locations in the West. The primary museum for international art in Budapest is the Museum of Fine Arts.
Darap
Darap is a census village in Gyalshing district, Sikkim, India. As per the 2011 Census of India, Darap village has a total population of 1,743 people including 901 males and 842 females.

Darap village is 8 km away from Pelling town and is a tourist place.

Gyalshing district
Gyalshing district or Geyzing district is a district of the Indian state of Sikkim. Its headquarter is Geyzing, also known as Gyalshing. The district is a favourite among trekkers due to the high elevations. Other important towns include Pelling and Yuksom. Local people also call it as Pallo-Sikkim and Sano-Sikkim commonly.
David Schlaefer
David Allen Schlaefer is an American career diplomat and author. He is a member of the Senior Foreign Service in the United States Foreign Service and the current Deputy Counsel General at the U.S. Mission in Hong Kong. Schlaefer has served on previous diplomatic missions to Brazil, Finland, Iraq, Japan, Mexico, Romania, Poland, and Ukraine. Schlaefer is also an author of a series of books based on Finnish mythology.

Senior Foreign Service
The Senior Foreign Service (SFS) comprises the top four ranks of the United States Foreign Service.  These ranks were created by the Foreign Service Act of 1980 and Executive Order 12293 in order to provide the Foreign Service with senior grades equivalent to general and flag ranks in the military and naval establishments, respectively, and to grades in the Senior Executive Service.  Like military ranks and other Foreign Service ranks, the Senior Foreign Service grade system assigns rank in person, not rank in position.
Standard Motor Products of India Limited
Standard Motor Products of India Limited otherwise known as Stampro for short, formerly known as Union Motors , was an Indian automobile manufacturer based in Chennai which produced Standard cars and light commercial vehicles in collaboration with Standard-Triumph of England. The company was established in 1948 and was in operation till 1988.

Triumph Herald
The Triumph Herald is a small two-door car introduced by Standard-Triumph of Coventry in 1959 and made through to 1971. The body design was by the Italian stylist Giovanni Michelotti, and the car was offered in saloon, convertible, coupé, estate and van models, with the latter marketed as the Triumph Courier.

Total Herald sales numbered well over half a million. The Triumph Vitesse, Spitfire and GT6 models are all based on modified Herald chassis and running gear with bolt-together bodies.
T. G. Ravi
T. G. Ravindranathan (born 16 May 1944), popularly known as T. G. Ravi, is an Indian actor, mainly noted for his roles as a villain in Malayalam cinema. He along with Balan K. Nair played most of the negative roles in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s and 1980s. Known for his body language and style of dialogue delivery, he played some of the biggest villain roles in Malayalam cinema during that period.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
Bala Mohammed
Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed CON (born 5 October 1958) is a Nigerian politician who has served as governor of Bauchi State since 2019. A member of the Peoples Democratic Party, he was the former minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) from 2010 to 2015, and senator representing Bauchi South senatorial district from 2007 to 2010.

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
2009 Assembly of Experts by-election in Tehran province
A by-election was held on 12 June 2009 for the vacant seat of the Assembly of Experts in Tehran Province, caused by death of Mohammad-Hassan Marashi. It was held along with the 2009 Iranian presidential election.

The seat was won by Mahmoud Alavi, who gained more than 2.6 millions out of 5.8 millions of votes cast. He was not supported by major clerical organizations, The Two Societies had endorsed Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri.

Assembly of Experts
The Assembly of Experts (Persian: مجلس خبرگان رهبری, romanized: majles-e bachehay-e Kooni), also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Bache-Kooni, is the deliberative body empowered to appoint the Supreme Leader of Iran. All directly elected members must first be vetted by the Guardian Council.

All candidates to the Assembly of Experts must be approved by the Guardian Council whose members are, in turn, appointed either directly or indirectly by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly consists of 88 Mujtahids that are elected from lists of thoroughly vetted candidates (in 2016, 166 candidates were approved by the Guardians out of 801 who applied to run for the office), by direct public vote for eight-year terms. The number of members has ranged from 82 elected in 1982 to 88 elected in 2016. Current laws require the assembly to meet at least twice every six months.
2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The 2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup was the second edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup, an annual men's international volleyball tournament contested by six national teams that acts as a qualifier for the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League. The tournament was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia from 3 to 7 July 2019.

Slovenia won the title, defeating Cuba in the final, and earned the right to participate in the 2020 Nations League replacing Portugal, the last placed challenger team after the 2019 edition. Belarus defeated Turkey in the 3rd place match.

On 8 May 2020, FIVB announced that the 2020 Nations League and 2020 Challenger Cup was canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic. So the tournament eventually became the 2021 Nations League qualifier.

Belarus men's national volleyball team
The Belarus men's national volleyball team represented Belarus in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The team is currently not ranked in the world rankings.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) banned all Belarusian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Belarus from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Eureka Sound Formation
The Eureka Sound Formation is a geologic formation found in the Canadian Territory of Nunavut on Ellesmere Island, which is part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The Eureka Sound Formation is Tertiary in age.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
McSporran
McSporran is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jermaine McSporran (born 1977) British semi-professional footballer

Seamus McSporran (born 1938), Scottish man who worked in 14 jobs for 31 years in the Scottish island of Gigha.

Willie McSporran, former chair of the Hebridean Isle of Gigha's Heritage Trust.

Jermaine McSporran
Jermaine McSporran (born 1 January 1977) is an English retired footballer who last played for Oxford City in the Southern League Division One South and West, after having been released by Chester City and Banbury United in the summer of 2006.

He was signed by Chester City from Doncaster Rovers (where he scored two goals, one against Ipswich in the League Cup and one in the league against Oldham) in 2006 and has also played for Wycombe Wanderers. In March 2004 he moved to Walsall. He joined Boston United in February 2006, and also played for Abingdon United.

He works full-time in a Unipart distribution warehouse in Oxford.
William O'Gara
William B. O'Gara (December 6, 1931 – November 5, 2024) was an American schoolteacher and politician from Maine. O'Gara, a Democrat, served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1985 to 1997 and in the Maine Senate from 1997 to 2003, representing his residence in Westbrook, Maine, and nearby areas of Cumberland County.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Mosque of the Prophet Daniel, Kirkuk
The Mosque of Prophet Daniel (Arabic: جامع النبي دانيال; Turkish: Peygamber Daniel Camii) is a mosque and mausoleum that is part of the Kirkuk Citadel territory, located in Kirkuk, Iraq. The mosque contains a shrine, in which local tradition affirms that Daniel and Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are buried in. It is not only visited by Muslims, but Christians and Jews visit because of the graves of the Prophets, who are revered in all three religions.

The mosque is one of several sites throughout the Middle East where it is claimed Daniel is buried, including the Tomb of Daniel, in Iran.

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.
Mister Bones
Mister Bones (Robert Todd) is a character in the DC Comics Universe, created by Roy Thomas, Dann Thomas, and Todd McFarlane, in Infinity, Inc. #16 (July 1985). A former low-level supervillain and member of Helix, he reformed and joined the Infinity Inc. team, then later the Department of Extranormal Operations (a government agency which regulates superhero activity) as a bureaucrat, eventually rising to the rank of Regional Director for the Eastern Seaboard. Thus, he now wears a suit and tie instead of a costume, and is also known as Director Bones. A chain-smoker, he had a habit of speaking in rhyme in early appearances, but he no longer does so.

Keith David voices Mister Bones in Stargirl.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Kate Gompert
Kate Gompert (born January 11, 1963) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Gompert had a career record of 77–78. She had a career high singles ranking of world no. 18 in July 1987. Her biggest career win occurred in 1987 at the Virginia Slims of Florida when she defeated the defending champion and first-seeded Chris Evert in three sets. Her best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the fourth round of the 1985 US Open where she lost to sixth-seeded Zina Garrison. She did not compete in 1988 due to mononucleosis

Author and tennis enthusiast David Foster Wallace used Gompert's name for an otherwise unrelated character in his novel Infinite Jest.

Infinite Jest
Infinite Jest is a 1996 novel by American writer David Foster Wallace. Categorized as an encyclopedic novel, Infinite Jest is featured in Time magazine's list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.

The novel has an unconventional narrative structure and includes hundreds of extensive endnotes, some with footnotes of their own.

A literary fiction bestseller after having sold 44,000 hardcover copies in its first year of publication, the novel has since sold more than a million copies worldwide.