hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghawr Gharbiyah
Ghawr Gharbiyah (Arabic: غور غربية, also spelled Ghor Gharbiya or Ghouri) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, northwest of Homs. Nearby localities include Qazhal to the southeast, Akrad Dayasinah to the east, Burj Qa'i to the northeast, Taldou and Kafr Laha to the northwest and Sharqliyya and al-Qabu to the west. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ghawr Gharbiyah had a population of 4,016 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims.

In 1829, during Ottoman rule, the village consisted of 30 feddans and paid 3,080 qirsh in annual tax revenues. In 1838 Ghawr Gharbiyah was classified as a Sunni Muslim village.

Kuruş
Kuruş (/kəˈruːʃ/ kə-ROOSH; Turkish pronunciation: [kuˈɾuʃ]), also gurush, ersh, gersh, grush, grosha, and grosi, are all names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Empire.  The variation in the name stems from the different languages it is used in (Arabic, Amharic, Turkish and Greek) and the different transcriptions into the Latin alphabet. In European languages, the kuruş was known as the piastre.

Today the kuruş (pl. kuruşlar) is a Turkish currency subunit, with one Turkish lira equal to 100 kuruş as of the 2005 revaluation of the lira. Until the 1844 subdivision of the former Ottoman gold lira, the kuruş was the standard unit of currency within the Ottoman Empire, and was subdivided into 40 para or 120 akçe. One kuruş remained equal to 40 para during the First Turkish lira, said lira lasting from 1923 till its 2005's revaluation.
Darenet
DAREnet (2003 - 2007) stands for Digital Academic Repositories and is an initiative by the Dutch organisation Surf. The DARE programme is a joint initiative by the Dutch universities and the National Library of the Netherlands, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) with the aim to store the results of all Dutch research in a network of so-called repositories, thus facilitating access to them. DAREnet is now integrated into the portal Narcis.nl.

NARCIS
NARCIS (National Academic Research and Collaboration Information System) of the Netherlands was an online portal for searching Dutch scientific research publications and data. As of July 2018, NARCIS indexed 268,989 data sets and 1,707,486 publications, including a significant proportion of open access works.

It started in 2004 as a project of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Information Centre of the Radboud University of Nijmegen (METIS), Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, and Vereniging van Universiteiten. Since 2011 the Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) operated NARCIS from headquarters in The Hague. In 2015, it was decided to replace the Digital Author Identifier used until then with the International Standard Name Identifier or ORCID. As of 3 July 2023, the portal has been decommissioned.
San Rafael mine
San Rafael mine is a Minsur tin mining operation located in Puno region, Peru. San Rafael is the third largest tin producer worldwide currently producing 12% of the world's tin.

San Rafael concentration plant capacity was expanding from 2,700 to 2,900 tonnes/day during 2014. Sandvik installed a CH440 Sandvik Hydrocone crusher, Gekko Systems installed two InLine Pressure Jigs.

Amec Foster Wheeler on 2013 was in charge on getting approved the second amendment of the Environmental impact assessment for Tailings Dam Bofetal III project which includes the construction of the Larancota tailings deposit. The approval was granted by Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mining  on February 27, 2014, issuing the directorial resolution Nº100-2014-MEM/DGAAM.

Ministry of Energy and Mines (Peru)
The Ministry of Energy and Mines (Spanish: Ministerio de Energía y Minas, MINEM) is the government ministry responsible for the energetic and mining sectors of Peru. Additionally, it is charged with overseeing the equal distribution of energy throughout the country. Since November 30, 2024, the minister of energy is Jorge Montero Cornejo.
Marina's Destiny
Marina's Destiny (Russian: «Судьба Марины», romanized: Sud’ba Mariny, Ukrainian: «Доля Марини», romanized: Dolya Maryny) is a 1953 Soviet drama film directed by Viktor Ivchenko. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.

Cinema of Russia
The cinema of Russia refers to the film industry in Russia, engaged in production of motion pictures in Russian language.

It began in the Russian Empire, widely developed in the Soviet Union and in the years following its dissolution. The Russian film industry would remain internationally recognized. In the 21st century, Russian cinema has become known internationally with films such as Hardcore Henry (2015), Leviathan (2014), Night Watch (2004) and Brother (1997). The Moscow International Film Festival began in Moscow in 1935. The Nika Award is the main annual national film award in Russia.
Long Beach Search and Rescue
Long Beach Search and Rescue is a specialist Explorer post of the Learning for Life program with the Boy Scouts of America.  It is an urban search and rescue unit based out of Long Beach, California, and is sponsored by the Long Beach Police Motor Patrol Association and Long Beach Firefighters' Associations.

Long Beach Search and Rescue is designated by the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services as a Type II — Medium rescue resource, the only volunteer unit in the nation to receive this designation, which most professional fire departments do not have.

Long Beach Search and Rescue is on call 24/7 and assists the Long Beach Police and Fire Departments in officer-involved shootings, fires, evidence and missing persons searches, natural disasters, and other incidents.

Exploring (Learning for Life)
Exploring is an interactive, worksite-based career education program of Learning for Life, an affiliate of Scouting America. Participants in the program are called Explorers. The program serves youth in 6th-8th grades (Exploring clubs), and coeducational teenagers and young adults who are 14 through 20 years old (Exploring posts). Exploring units (clubs or posts), are sponsored by local businesses, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations, and usually focus on a single career field, but can also introduce youth to a variety of career fields within a single unit.

Prior to 1998, the Exploring program was the main BSA program for older youth and participants were called Explorer Scouts. The program included both career-focused posts, and posts with an emphasis on outdoor activities. The outdoor posts became the BSA's Venturing program.
Dual State Monument
The Dual State Monument is a monument located on the border of Union County, Arkansas, and Union Parish, Louisiana. The monument was built in 1931 to mark the centennial of the establishment of the Arkansas-Louisiana state line. It also marks the birthplace of Arkansas governor George Washington Donaghey, who commissioned the monument after his retirement. The monument features Art Deco bas-relief carvings on its east and west sides. The east side features popular modes of transportation in 1831, including a steamboat, stagecoach, and covered wagon. The west side displays a locomotive, automobile, and airplane to represent the modes of transportation common in 1931. The monument was the first Art Deco-inspired sculpture erected in Arkansas.

The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 11, 2000.

Covered wagon
A covered wagon, also called a prairie wagon, whitetop, or prairie schooner, is a horse-drawn or ox-drawn wagon used for passengers or freight hauling. It has a canvas, tarpaulin, or waterproof sheet which is stretched over removable wooden bows (also called hoops or tilts) and lashed to the body of the wagon. They were a popular style of vehicle for overland migrations.
Avarua School
Avarua School or Apii Avarua is a co-educational primary school in Avarua, Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. It is the largest primary school in the Cook Islands, with a roll of 505 in 2019.

The school was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1916, becoming the third school on Rarotonga. From 1926 it was also used a teachers' training college. In October 2016 it celebrated its centenary.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
Brazilian Volleyball Super League (women)
The Brazilian Volleyball Super League (Portuguese: Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol) is the top level Brazilian professional volleyball competition. It is organized by the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation. It shares the same name as the men's tournament, and are disputed simultaneously. The number of participating clubs varies every year. The champion team qualifies for the South American Championship.

South American Women's Volleyball Club Championship
The South American Women's Volleyball Club Championship is an international women's club volleyball competition organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV), the sport's governing body in South America. The competition was first contested in 1970 in Lima, Peru and tournaments have been held every year since then.

In addition to crowning the South American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
Heap (surname)
Heap is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Heap, English footballer

Brian Heap, British biologist

Dan Heap, Canadian politician

David Porter Heap, American engineer

Fred Heap, English footballer

Imogen Heap, British singer-songwriter

Jessica Heap, American actress

John Heap, British geographer

Mark Heap, British actor

Sarah Heap, New Zealand physical education teacher and drill mistress

Todd Heap, American football player

Tom Heap, British television and radio reporter and presenter

Dan Heap
Daniel James Macdonnell Heap (September 24, 1925 – April 25, 2014) was a Canadian activist and politician. Heap served as a Member of Parliament with the New Democratic Party, a Toronto City Councillor, a political activist and an Anglican worker-priest. He represented the Toronto, Ontario, riding of Spadina (after 1988 Trinity—Spadina) from 1981 to 1993 and Ward 6 on Toronto City Council from 1972 to 1981. As an activist he was involved in the peace movement, community issues around housing, homelessness, poverty and refugee rights among other social justice issues.
You're a Hard Dog (To Keep Under the Porch)
"You're a Hard Dog (To Keep Under the Porch)" is a song written by Susanna Clark and Harlan Howard. It was originally recorded by American country artist Gail Davies for her fifth studio album entitled What Can I Say.

The song was recorded in June 1983 at the Woodland Studios, located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The session was produced entirely by Davies, who had been self-producing her recording sessions for several years. Released as a single in September 1983, "You're a Hard Dog (To Keep Under the Porch)" reached the eighteenth position on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Singles chart. The single became Davies' ninth top-twenty hit on the Billboard country chart. In addition, the single peaked within the top-twenty on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

Woodland Sound Studios
Woodland Studios is a music recording studio located at 1011 Woodland Street in East Nashville, Tennessee, originally founded in 1967. The studios have been the site of numerous notable recordings by artists including Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Jimmy Buffett, Billy "Crash" Craddock, Kansas, Neil Young, Charlie Daniels Band, Tammy Wynette, George Strait, Indigo Girls, and others.

Since 2001 the studios have been owned by Gillian Welch and David Rawlings.
Tip link
Tip links are extracellular filaments that connect stereocilia to each other or to the kinocilium in the hair cells of the inner ear. Mechanotransduction is thought to occur at the site of the tip links, which connect to spring-gated ion channels. These channels are cation-selective transduction channels that allow potassium and calcium ions to enter the hair cell from the endolymph that bathes its apical end. When the hair cells are deflected toward the kinocilium, depolarization occurs; when deflection is away from the kinocilium, hyperpolarization occurs. The tip link is made of two different cadherin molecules, protocadherin 15 and cadherin 23. It has been found that the tip links are relatively stiff, so it is thought that there has to be something else in the hair cells that is stretchy which allows the stereocilia to move back and forth.

It is hypothesized that the tip link is attached to the myosin motor which moves along actin filaments.

Stereocilia
Stereocilia (or stereovilli or villi) are non-motile apical cell modifications. They are distinct from cilia and microvilli, but are closely related to microvilli. They form single "finger-like" projections that may be branched, with normal cell membrane characteristics. They contain actin. Stereocilia are found in the vas deferens, the epididymis, and the sensory cells of the inner ear.
Joo Chiat Road
Joo Chiat Road (IPA: /ˌdʒuː ˈtʃjɛt/ JOO-CHYET) is a road in Katong District and a residential conservation area located in the east coast of Singapore. Joo Chiat Road intersects East Coast Road and Marine Parade Road and ends at Marine Parade Road junction beside Marine Parade MRT station.

It has won several architectural and heritage awards, including the United Nations' UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation at 125 Joo Chiat Road. The area has the most amenities and diverse eateries in Singapore with numerous Michelin awarded restaurants. Joo Chiat was named after a businessman, Chew Joo Chiat who was the richest man in the Katong district.

UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards
UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards, also known as the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation is a regional flagship programme of UNESCO since 2000, in recognition of the archievement made by the private sector and public-private initiatives in conserving or restoring cultural heritage sites in the Asia-Pacific region.

The objective is to motivate the protection of cultural heritage sites initiated by the private sector or through public-private collaboration.
Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.
Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc., 139 F. Supp. 3d 1094 (C.D. Cal. 2015) was a copyright infringement lawsuit where the court evaluated if commenting on humorous videos in a transformative manner is fair use or exploiting videos for their humor without paying for their use.

United States District Court for the Central District of California
The United States District Court for the Central District of California (in case citations, C.D. Cal.; commonly referred to as the CDCA or CACD) is a federal trial court that serves over 19 million people in Southern and Central California, making it the most populous federal judicial district. The district was created on September 18, 1966. Cases from the Central District are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the United States government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Kieran Rush
Kieran Rush (born 3 September 2002) is a Jamaica international rugby league footballer who plays as a scrum-half or hooker for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League.

He has spent time on loan from Huddersfield at Swinton Lions, Rochdale Hornets and Keighley Cougars in League One and at Dewsbury Rams in the Championship.

He is a product of the Giants Academy system.

Rochdale Hornets
The Rochdale Hornets are a professional rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, competing in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league. The Rochdale Hornets are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league clubs. Their main local rivals are Oldham, Salford Red Devils, Swinton Lions, Halifax and the Huddersfield Giants.
Atrypanius conspersus
Atrypanius conspersus is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824 and is known from Mexico to Panama, as well as southern Amer and Bolivia. It also inhabits woodlands of Upper Amazons and capital of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.

Ernst Friedrich Germar
Ernst Friedrich Germar  (3 November 1786 – 8 July 1853) was a German professor and director of the Mineralogical Museum at Halle. As well as being a mineralogist he was interested in entomology and particularly in the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. He wrote monographs on several insect families including the Scutelleridae. He also took an interest in paleoentomology.
James McAteer
R.T. James McAteer is an American solar physicist, Deputy Provost, and professor of astronomy, at New Mexico State University. He leads areas of Academic Affairs, policy management, and faculty relations, strategic planning and resource management in the Office of the Provost.

His academic research lies in studies of the coronal heating problem and space weather. McAteer is the author of two book "The Planets", and "Fields, Flows, and Flares", and has published over 130 research articles, and serves as a member of the board for AURA.

Sunspot Solar Observatory
The Sunspot Solar Observatory (SSO) an astronomical observatory designed for the study of the Sun. The observatory is operated by New Mexico State University (NMSU) and the U.S. National Solar Observatory (NSO). It is split between operations at the telescope facility at Sunspot, New Mexico, and data and management at the Department of Astronomy at New Mexico State University. The Sunspot telescope facility is in the Sacramento Mountains, approximately 18 miles (29 km) south of Cloudcroft.  Access to the facility telescopes and grounds are open for to the public for guided tours. It is funded by the National Science Foundation in partnership with the state of New Mexico.
Sierra Passage
Sierra Passage is a 1950 American Western film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Warren Douglas, Samuel Roeca and Tom W. Blackburn. The film stars Wayne Morris, Lola Albright, Lloyd Corrigan, Alan Hale Jr., Roland Winters and Jim Bannon. The film was released on December 31, 1950, by Monogram Pictures.

Tom W. Blackburn
Thomas Wakefield Blackburn (June 23, 1913 – August 2, 1992) was an American author, screenwriter and lyricist.  His work included various Western novels and television screenplays, as well as the lyrics to "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" (his first) and other songs.

In the mid 1950s Blackburn worked in the story department at Walt Disney's studio and it was there, in addition to working on the Davy Crockett films and teleplays (among other projects), that he also began composing lyrics. Among his most successful efforts are "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" and "Farewell" for that series and "Johnny Tremain" and "The Liberty Tree" for Johnny Tremain (Buena Vista, 1957).
Abu Qatada al-Ansari
Abu Qatada al-Ansari (Arabic: أبو قتادة الأنصاري, romanized: Abū Qatāda al-Anṣārī), also known as Al-Harith ibn Rab'i (Arabic: الحارث بن ربعي, romanized: al-Ḥārith ibn Rabʿī), was one of the companions of Muhammad. He assisted the battles of Uhud and Hudaybiyya.

Treaty of al-Hudaybiya
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiya (Arabic: صُلح الْحُدَيْبِيَة, romanized: Ṣulḥ al-Ḥudaybiya) was an event that took place during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was a pivotal treaty between Muhammad, representing the state of Medina, and the tribe of the Quraysh in Mecca in March 628 (corresponding to Dhu al-Qi'dah, AH 6). The treaty helped to decrease tension between the two cities, affirmed peace for a period of 10 years, and authorised Muhammad's followers to return the following year in a peaceful pilgrimage, which was later known as the First Pilgrimage. However, this treaty was broken in two years (according to Islamic sources, the treaty was broken by the Quraysh), which led Muhammad to march against Mecca in 630 with an army of 10,000 men.
1969 New York City Council presidential election
An election was held on November 4, 1969 to elect the President of the New York City Council. Democratic incumbent Francis X. Smith ran for re-election to a full term in office but was defeated by Sanford Garelik, a police officer running on the Republican and Liberal lines. Although Garelik was a registered Democrat, this remains the last time a candidate on the Republican ticket won the election to New York City's second-ranking office.

John J. Marchi
John Joseph Marchi (born Giovanni Marchi; May 20, 1921 – April 25, 2009) was an American Republican Party politician and attorney from Staten Island, New York. Marchi served in the New York State Senate from 1957 to 2006, making him the longest-serving state legislator in New York history. He was also the Republican nominee for Mayor of New York City in 1969 and 1973.
Yavuz Karamollaoğlu
Yavuz Karamollaoğlu (born November 29, 1980, in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish karateka competing currently in the kumite -84 kg division. He is a member of the Kocaeli B.B. Kağıtspor.

He began with karate practitioning in 1987. In 1997, he was admitted to the national team. Karamollaoğlu studied physical education and sports at Trakya University. He is teaching physical education in a primary school at Bahçelievler, Istanbul.

He won the bronze medal in the -84 kg division at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Palembang, Indonesia.

Bahçelievler
Bahçelievler (meaning "houses with gardens" in Turkish) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 17 km2 (0.3% of Istanbul Province), and its population is 594,350 (2022). It is a large middle class residential suburb of Istanbul, on the European side of the city. It is accessible from the D.100 that runs from the Istanbul airport to the Asian side of the city. Bahçelievler is the northern neighbour of Bakırköy.
Great World Beer Festival
The Great World Beer Fest (GWBF), originally known as “Brewtopia” was established in 2002 and was a long-running, large beer festival in New York City.  Billed as the "United Nations of Beer,” GWBF featured brewers from around the world in a fun, competitive, and prominent festival designed to increase the public's awareness of craft beers.  Traditionally held in the fall, the GWBF held its eighth and final event in 2010.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.