hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaetomium cupreum
Chaetomium cupreum is a fungus in the family Chaetomiaceae. It is able to decay in manufactured cellulosic materials, and is known to antagonize a wide range of soil microorganisms. This species is a component of the biocontrol agent, Ketomium, a commercial biofungicide. It has also been investigated for use in the production of natural dyes. Chaetomium cupreum is mesophilic and known to occur in harsh environments and can rapidly colonize organic substrates in soil. Laboratory cultures of C. cupreum can be propagated on a range of common growth media including potato dextrose at ambient or higher than ambient temperature producing cottony white colonies with a reddish reverse.

Chaetomiaceae
The Chaetomiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, order Sordariales, class Sordariomycetes. Chaetomiaceae are usually saprobic or parasitic. Cheatomiaceae are a great source of enzymes with diverse biotechnological and industrial applications such as PMO (polysaccharide monooxygenase), L-methioninase, β-1,3-glucanase, laccase, dextranase, lipolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and proteolytic enzymes. The production of such compounds can be taken into account as candidates for the development of effective and novel lead compounds for medicine, biological control and production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Chaetomiaceae furthermore contains some of the most well known thermophilic fungi, an interesting feature carrying many biological applications, but that is found only in few fungal genera.
Lithium aluminium hydride
Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Li[AlH4] or LiAlH4. It is a white solid, discovered by Finholt, Bond and Schlesinger in 1947. This compound is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides. The solid is dangerously reactive toward water, releasing gaseous hydrogen (H2). Some related derivatives were once discussed for hydrogen storage.

Hermann Irving Schlesinger
Hermann Irving Schlesinger (October 11, 1882 – October 3, 1960) was an American inorganic chemist, working in boron chemistry.

He and Herbert C. Brown discovered sodium borohydride in 1940 and both were involved in the further development of borohydride chemistry.

Schlesinger studied chemistry at the University of Chicago from 1900 till 1905, where he received his Ph.D. for work with Julius Stieglitz. In the following two years, he worked with Walther Nernst at the University of Berlin; with Johannes Thiele at the University of Strasbourg; and with John Jacob Abel at Johns Hopkins University.

From 1907 to 1960, he taught in the department of chemistry at the University of Chicago, rising through the ranks from instructor to full professor in 1922.  He administered the department from 1922-1946, and retired in 1949.

Schlesinger was honored by membership in the National Academy of Sciences and received the Priestley Medal, the highest honor of the American Chemical Society.
Polistes bellicosus
Polistes bellicosus is a social paper wasp from the order Hymenoptera typically found within Texas, namely the Houston area. Like other paper wasps, Polistes bellicosus build nests by manipulating exposed fibers into paper to create cells. P. bellicosus often rebuild their nests at least once per colony season due to predation.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
The Guilty One
The Guilty One is a 1924 American silent mystery film directed by Joseph Henabery and written by Anthony Coldeway. The film stars Agnes Ayres, Edmund Burns, Stanley Taylor, Crauford Kent, Cyril Ring, and Thomas R. Mills. The film was released on June 8, 1924, by Paramount Pictures.

Joseph Henabery
Joseph Henabery (January 15, 1888 – February 18, 1976) was an American film actor, screenplay writer, and director. He is best known for his portrayal of Abraham Lincoln in D.W. Griffith's controversial 1915 silent historical epic The Birth of a Nation.
1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5
Group 5 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: Denmark, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Yugoslavia. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming those spots.

Luxembourg national football team
The Luxembourg national football team (nicknamed the Red Lions; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Foussballnationalekipp, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de football, German: Luxemburgische Fußballnationalmannschaft) is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its home matches at the Stade de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City.

Luxembourg has participated in every FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, and in UEFA European Championship qualifiers since those for Euro 1964. As of 2026, they have never qualified for any of these major tournaments. Luxembourg is the nation with the most qualifying campaigns in both of these competitions without ever making it to the finals. However, they did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952.
Cowboy and the Prizefighter
Cowboy and the Prizefighter is a 1949 American Western Cinecolor film directed by Lewis D. Collins and written by Jerry Thomas. It is based on the comic strip Red Ryder by Fred Harman and Stephen Slesinger. The film stars Jim Bannon, Don Reynolds, Emmett Lynn, Marin Sais, Don Haggerty and Karen Randle. The film was released on December 15, 1949, by Eagle-Lion Films.

Stephen Slesinger
Stephen Slesinger (December 25, 1901 – December 17, 1953) was an American radio, television and film producer, and creator of comic strip characters. From 1923 to 1953, he created, produced, published, developed, licensed or represented several popular literary characters of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.
2007 Champs Sports Bowl
The 2007 Champs Sports Bowl was the 18th edition of the college football bowl game.  It was part of the 2007-08 NCAA football bowl games season, and was played on December 28, 2007, at the Citrus Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game pitted the Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference against the Boston College Eagles of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Citrus Bowl
The Citrus Bowl  is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group that also organizes the Pop-Tarts Bowl and Florida Classic. For sponsorship reasons, the game is officially known as the Cheez-It Citrus Bowl, named after the Cheez-It brand of cheese crackers produced by Kellanova, a subsidiary of Mars Inc.

Since the mid-1980s, the Citrus Bowl has drawn many high-ranked teams and is typically played at 1 p.m. EST on New Year's Day and broadcast nationally on ABC. When January 1 is a Sunday, the game has been played on January 2 or December 31, to avoid conflicting with the National Football League (NFL) schedule. As of 2019, it had the largest payout of all bowls other than those that were part of the College Football Playoff (CFP), at $8.55 million per team. In nearly every year since 1985, the game has featured two teams ranked in the AP poll.
Archimedean point
An Archimedean point (Latin: Punctum Archimedis) is a hypothetical viewpoint from which certain objective truths can perfectly be perceived (also known as a God's-eye view) or a reliable starting point from which one may reason. In other words, a view from an Archimedean point describes the ideal of removing oneself from the object of study so that one can see it in relation to all other things while remaining independent of them.

For example, the philosopher John Rawls uses the heuristic device of the original position in an attempt to remove the particular biases of individual agents to demonstrate how rational beings might arrive at an objective formulation of justice.

Unit of observation
In statistics, a unit of observation (or individual) is the unit described by the data that one analyzes. A study may treat groups as a unit of observation with a country as the unit of analysis, drawing conclusions on group characteristics from data collected at the national level. For example, in a study of the demand for money, the unit of observation might be chosen as the individual, with different observations (data points) for a given point in time differing as to which individual they refer to; or the unit of observation might be the country, with different observations differing only in regard to the country they refer to.
Eichberg-Trautenburg
Eichberg-Trautenburg is a former municipality in the district of Leibnitz in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Leutschach an der Weinstraße.

Styria municipal structural reform
The Styria municipal structural reform (German: Steiermärkische Gemeindestrukturreform) was a local government reform in the Austrian state of Styria, which was made effective January 1, 2015. The reform nearly halved the number of Styrian municipalities from 542 to 287. The reform was intended to reduce costs and ease election of new town officials. The terms of the reform is formalized in the Styrian Municipality Structural Reform Act. (StGsrG). The law was adopted on December 17, 2013 by the Landtag of Styria, and promulgated on April 2, 2014.
Hypnodendron spininervium
Hypnodendron spininervium is a moss in the family Hypnodendraceae. Like all members of the Hypnodendraceae family, H. spininervium has an umbrella-shaped branching pattern. Some of the key identifying features of H. spininervium are its grooved capsules, a lack of tomentum on its stipe, a lack of a leaf border, and the lack of hairpoints on its leaves. Hypnodendron spininervium is widespread across Aotearoa, and also occurs in Australia. It occurs most frequently in forests at relatively low elevations.

Awn (botany)
An awn is a hairy or bristle-like growth on a plant.

On the seeds of grasses such as barley or rye, they form foxtails which assist seed dispersal by being barbed and so sticking to passing animals.  Also, the awns may twist or curl as they are wetted and dry out and this action can make fallen seeds walk until they fall into a crevice into which they then burrow.

Besides grasses, other families of plants which have awns include Asteraceae such as sunflowers and Geraniaceae such as geraniums.  In the latter, the awns help disperse the seeds by developing a tension which then catapults the seeds when the seed head ripens and dries out.
Ahmed Fayez Al-Dosari
Ahmed Fayez Al-Dosari (born 3 July 1985) is a Saudi Arabian long jumper. He competed at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing without qualifying for the final. He was a silver medallist at the 2004 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships and a bronze medallist at the 2015 Arab Athletics Championships.

His personal bests in the event are 8.12 metres outdoors (+1.4 m/s) (Al-Qatif 2002) and 7.76 metres indoors (Teheran 2004).

2015 Arab Athletics Championships
The 2015 Arab Athletics Championships was the nineteenth edition of the international athletics competition between Arab countries that took place from 24–27 April 2015 at Khalifa Sports City Stadium in Isa Town, close to Manama, the capital of Bahrain. Around 700 athletes from 21 nations attended the event, which was directed by Bahrain's Bader Nasser. The event mascot was an anthropomorphic bird of prey.

A series of grand prix track and field meetings were organised by the Arab Athletics Federation in order to promote qualification for the event.
1997 Carrickfergus Borough Council election
Elections to Carrickfergus Borough Council were held on 21 May 1997 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 17 councillors.

Local government in Northern Ireland
Local government in Northern Ireland is divided among 11 single-tier districts known as local government districts (abbreviated LGDs) and formerly known as district council areas (DCAs). Councils in Northern Ireland do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility for education, road-building or housing (although they do nominate members to the advisory Northern Ireland Housing Council). Their 
functions include planning, waste and recycling services, leisure and community services, building control and local economic and cultural development. The collection of rates is handled centrally by the Land and Property Services agency of the Northern Ireland Executive.
All I Want (Rufus Wainwright DVD)
All I Want is a 2005 DVD that contains the documentary, A Portrait of Rufus Wainwright, along with live performances, music videos, interviews and more. The documentary features background information about Rufus' childhood, teen years and family, and how each of his first four albums were influenced. Celebrities providing commentary during the film include Elton John, Sting, Keane, and Jake Shears and Babydaddy of the Scissor Sisters; family members interviewed include his mother, Kate McGarrigle, and sister Martha Wainwright.

The DVD was produced by Nick de Grunwald and Martin R. Smith.

Martha Wainwright
Martha Wainwright (born May 8, 1976) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and musician. She has released seven critically-acclaimed studio albums.

Wainwright is the daughter of musicians Kate McGarrigle and Loudon Wainwright III and the younger sister of singer–composer Rufus Wainwright.

Martha Wainwright's live performances have received critical praise, with The Telegraph writing that her concerts "leave in no doubt that she is a singular star." Apart from music, she has appeared in several film projects, including Martin Scorsese's The Aviator and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge alongside Frances McDormand. Wainwright owns and operates Ursa, a café, concert-hall, bar, and recording space in Montreal.
Conner Prairie
Conner Prairie is a living history museum in Fishers, Indiana, United States, which preserves the William Conner home. The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the museum recreates 19th-century life along the White River. The museum also hosts several programs and events, including outdoor performances by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra and summer camps.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Adamston, West Virginia
Adamston, West Virginia is a former town in Harrison County, West Virginia, incorporated in 1903. It was the former site of a Baltimore & Ohio Railroad depot and a post office. It is now a neighborhood of Clarksburg, West Virginia.

Adamston was named for Josias Adams, the original owner of the town site. It attained some national attention in 1912 when it elected a Socialist mayor and city government, some of whom were re-elected in 1915. Among the contributing factors in the victory, according to later analysis, were the strong involvement of the window glass factory workers, and the commitment of a large portion of the Belgian-American population of the town.

In 1917, Adamston, along with Broad Oaks, North View (where Progressives had had success) and Stealer Heights, was annexed to Clarksburg. It was generally understood that part of the reason for annexation was to diminish the political power of glassworker enclaves in these small municipalities.

Belgian Americans
Belgian Americans are people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Belgium. While the first natives of the then-Southern Netherlands arrived in America in the 17th century, most Belgian immigrants arrived during the 19th and the 20th centuries.

According to the 2019 U.S. census, there are 339,512 Americans who identify themselves as partially or fully of Belgian ancestry. Others may identify as "Flemish Americans".

As of 2024, the number of Americans of self-reported Belgian ancestry is 312,593.
Jürgen W. Falter
Jürgen Wilfried Falter (born 22 January 1944) is a German political scientist. His research interests include political extremism and xenophobia.

Born in Heppenheim, Hesse, Falter enrolled with a political science and modern history major at the University of Heidelberg in 1963 before finishing his studies with a Diplom at the Free University of Berlin in 1968. He earned his doctoral degree in 1973 and his Habilitation in 1981, both from the Saarland University.

In 1983 he accepted a chair at the Otto-Suhr-Institut in Berlin, a position he held until 1992. In 1993 he joined faculty at the University of Mainz.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.
Philippe Halsman
Philippe Halsman (Latvian: Filips Halsmans; German: Philipp Halsmann; 2 May 1906 – 25 June 1979) was an American portrait photographer. He was born in Riga in the part of the Russian Empire which later became Latvia, and died in New York City.

Portrait photography
Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait photograph may be artistic or clinical. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings, school events, or commercial purposes. Portraits can serve many purposes, ranging from usage on a personal web site to display in the lobby of a business.
Limousin septennial ostensions
The Limousin septennial ostensions (French: Ostensions limousines) is a series of religious processions in commemoration of the relics of Roman Catholic saints in Limousin, France, taking place every seven years, in years divisible by 7, the last being 2023.

The ostensions were inscribed by UNESCO in 2013 (8.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Procession
A procession is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner. A procession may be arranged for a variety of purposes, including to advertise something, signal a change in government, display a group's power, show solidarity for a cause, mark the beginning or end of an event such as a wedding or funeral, entertain a crowd, or practice a religion. Processions have been an aspect of celebrations and ceremonies since ancient times, and they are practiced in some form throughout all cultures. They often involve a mode of transport, such as a carriage or a car; music or vocalizations, including a choir or a marching band; a visual signal of a hierarchy within the precession; and the display of eye-catching items like banners.
Sarah Mercer
Sarah Jane Mercer (born 1974) is a British linguist. She is currently deputy head of the Department of English at the University of Graz, Austria. Her research focuses on applied linguistics, with a special focus on psycholinguistics from a Complex Dynamic Systems Theory approach.

System (journal)
System is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the applications of educational technology and applied linguistics to problems of foreign language teaching and learning. It was established in 1973 and has been published by Elsevier since 1991. Until 2013, the journal published four issues per year. In 2014, it published six issues, and since 2015 it has published eight issues per year. Since October 2019 (volume 85), articles have been published electronically only.
The Flatiron Challenge at Lacombe
The Flatiron Challenge at Lacombe was a bonspiel, or curling tournament, that took place at the Lacombe Curling Club in Lacombe, Alberta. The tournament was one of the development series events introduced on the World Curling Tour during the 2012–13 curling season. The tournament was held in a round robin format.

It was held from October 19 to 21; the purse for the event was CAD$8,000, of which the winner, Robert Schlender, received CAD$2,000. Due to the lack of teams participating, the men's and women's events were combined, and both men's and women's teams played in one round robin competition.

Bonspiel
A bonspiel is a curling tournament, consisting of several games, often held on a weekend. Until the 20th century most bonspiels were held outdoors, on a frozen freshwater loch. Today almost all bonspiels are held indoors on specially prepared artificial ice.
Bundaleer North, South Australia
Bundaleer North is a rural locality  in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Northern Areas Council. Its modern boundaries were established in April 2001 for the long-established local name. Bundaleer North is divided by the RM Williams Way between the Bundaleer Forest Reserve to the west and agricultural land to the east.

South Australian Heritage Register
The South Australian Heritage Register, also known as the SA Heritage Register, is a statutory register of historic places in South Australia. It extends legal protection regarding demolition and development under the Heritage Places Act 1993. It is administered by the South Australian Heritage Council.

As a result of the progressive abolition of the Register of the National Estate during the 2000s and the devolution of responsibility for state-significant heritage to state governments, it is now the primary statutory protection for state-level heritage-listed buildings and other sites in South Australia.
Noceto
Noceto  (Parmigiano: Nozèi) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Parma.

The municipality of Noceto contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Borghetto, Cella, Costamezzana, Ponte Taro and Sanguinaro.

Noceto borders the following municipalities: Collecchio, Fidenza, Fontanellato, Fontevivo, Medesano, Parma.

Parmigiano dialect
The Parmigiano dialect, sometimes anglicized as the Parmesan dialect, (al djalètt pramzàn) is a variety of the Emilian language spoken in the Province of Parma, the western-central portion of the Emilia-Romagna administrative region.