hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Arbuthnot (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Arbuthnot, KCB (19 November 1773 – 6 May 1853) was a British military commander during the Napoleonic Wars. He was a general in the army, a colonel in the 76th Regiment. He was a brigadier general in the Portuguese Service and was appointed a Knight of the Tower and Sword of Portugal (KTS).

He was awarded the Army Gold Cross, with three clasps, for the battles of Busaco, Albuera, Badajoz, Nivelle, Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse, and the Military General Service Medal, with two clasps, for Corunna and Ciudad Rodrigo.

Military Order of the Tower and Sword
The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit (Portuguese: Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada, do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito), before 1917 the ancient and most noble order of the Tower and of the Sword, of valour, loyalty and merit (A antiga e muito nobre ordem da Torre e Espada, do valor, lealdade e mérito), is one of the four former ancient Portuguese military orders and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system. It was created by King Afonso V in 1459. The order may be bestowed on people or on Portuguese municipalities.
Villa de María del Río Seco
Villa de María del Río Seco (usually shortened to Villa de María, not to be confused with Villa María) is a town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. It has 3,819 inhabitants per the 2001 census [INDEC], and is the head town of the Río Seco Department. It lies in the north of the province, by National Route 9, about 27 km (17 mi) south of the provincial border with Santiago del Estero and 170 km (106 mi) north-northeast of the provincial capital Córdoba.

Villa de María was founded in 1796 or 1797 by the Marquis Rafael de Sobremonte (then to be Viceroy of the Río de la Plata), with the name of Río Seco. Its name was changed to the current one by provincial governor Roque Ferreira on 26 May 1858.

The town was the birthplace of the poet Leopoldo Lugones (1874–1938), whose childhood house is today a museum and a National Historic Monument. The area was also the stage of the assassination of the caudillo of Entre Ríos Province Francisco Ramírez, in 1821.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Dooreh, Iraq
Dooreh is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the Amadiya District and the historical region of Barwari. In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis, and the ruins of the monastery of Mar Qayyoma. There was previously two shrines dedicated to Mart Maryam and Mar Apius and four cemeteries.

Amedi District
Amedi (or Amadiya) District (Kurdish: قەزای ئامێدی, romanized: Qezaye Amêdî, Arabic: قضاء العمادية, romanized: qaḍāʾ al-Emadiyah) is a district of Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The administrative centre is Amedi.
Jaisalmer railway station
Jaisalmer railway station is a major railway station located in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. The railway station is under the administrative control of North Western Railway of Indian Railways. The station has three platforms and a total of five tracks. Jodhpur- Jaisalmer Railway was merged with the Western Railway in November 1951. Later North Western Railway came into existence on 1 October 2002.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Óengus I
Óengus son of Fergus (Pictish: *Onuist map Vurguist; Old Irish: Óengus mac Fergusso, lit. 'Angus son of Fergus'; died 761) was king of the Picts from 732 until his death in 761. His reign can be reconstructed in some detail from a variety of sources. The unprecedented territorial gains he made from coast to coast, and the legacy he left, mean Óengus can be considered the first king of what would become Scotland.

Wresting power from his rivals, Óengus became the chief king in Pictland following a period of civil war in the late 720s.

The most powerful ruler in Scotland for more than two decades, kings from Óengus's family dominated Pictland for a century, until defeat at the hands of Vikings in 839 began a new period of instability, ending with the coming to power of another Pictish dynasty, that of Cináed mac Ailpín.

Hexham
Hexham (/ˈhɛksəm/ HEKS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the south bank of the River Tyne, formed by the confluence of the North Tyne and the South Tyne at Warden nearby, and close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district from 1974 to 2009. In 2011, it had a population of 13,097.

Smaller towns and villages around Hexham include Corbridge, Riding Mill, Stocksfield and Wylam to the east, Acomb and Bellingham to the north, Allendale to the south and Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill and Haltwhistle to the west. Newcastle upon Tyne is 25 miles (40 km) to the east and Carlisle 37 miles (60 km) to the west.
Zack Miracle
Zack Miracle (born May 9, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver who previously competed in the zMAX CARS Tour from 2021 to 2023.

Miracle has also competed in the Virginia Late Model Triple Crown Series, the Paramount Kia Big 10 Challenge, the INEX Summer Shootout Series, and the NASCAR Weekly Series.

NASCAR Local Racing Series
The NASCAR Local Racing Series Powered by O'Reilly Auto Parts (formerly the Advanced Auto Parts Weekly Series, Whelen All-American Series, Winston Racing Series and the Dodge Weekly Series) is a points championship for NASCAR-sanctioned local short-track motor racing in the United States and Canada.

NASCAR has organized its in several ways over the decades—initially by geographical proximity to develop regional champions, then randomly among four divisions, and currently by states that have tracks participating.
(R)-Ketoprofen
(R)-Ketoprofen (also called R(-)-ketoprofen) is the optically pure R-enantiomer of the NSAID ketoprofen. It functions as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and has been investigated for potential use in conditions including tinnitus and neuropathic pain, although it is not approved for these indications.

Enantiomeric excess
In stereochemistry, enantiomeric excess (ee) is a measurement of purity used for chiral substances. It reflects the degree to which a sample contains one enantiomer in greater amounts than the other. A racemic mixture has an ee of 0%, while a single completely pure enantiomer has an ee of 100%. A sample with 70% of one enantiomer and 30% of the other has an ee of 40% (70% − 30%).
Sébastien Turgot
Sébastien Turgot (born 11 April 1984) is a French former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2008 and 2016 for the Team Europcar and AG2R La Mondiale teams.

His biggest result came when he came in third in the 2008 Paris–Tours after leading in the last 100 metres, but was beaten by Philippe Gilbert of Française des Jeux and Jan Kuyckx of Landbouwkrediet–Tönissteiner. His third place was not expected by anybody but was a confirmation of his abilities, as demonstrated by his multiple French national track championship titles. In 2012, Turgot was runner-up in one of the most prestigious races of the cycling calendar, Paris–Roubaix.

2008 Paris–Tours
The 2008 Paris–Tours was the 102nd edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 12 October 2008. The race started in Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines and finished in Tours. The race was won by Philippe Gilbert of the Française des Jeux team.
Kappal
Kappal (transl. The Ship) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Karthik G. Krish, a former assistant of Shankar. Produced by I Studios Entertainment, the film stars Vaibhav and Sonam Bajwa, while Karunakaran, Arjunan, Venkat Sundar, Karthik Priyadarshan, VTV Ganesh, and Robo Shankar, appear in supporting roles. The music was composed by Natarajan Sankaran with editing by Anthony and cinematography by Dinesh Krishnan. The film was released by Shankar's S Pictures on 25 December 2014. It was dubbed in Hindi as Main Hoon Dilwala by Goldmines Telefilms Pvt Ltd. The movie had a dubbed Telugu release, titled Pandavullo Okkadu.

Karunakaran (actor)
Karunakaran (born 28 January 1981) is an Indian actor and comedian who mainly appears in Tamil cinema. He made his breakthrough in the film Soodhu Kavvum (2013). He also appeared in supporting roles in Yaamirukka Bayamey (2014), Jigarthanda (2014) and Indru Netru Naalai (2015).
Gin Drinkers Line
The Gin Drinkers Line, or Gin Drinkers' Line, was a British military defensive line against the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong during the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941, part of the Pacific War.

The concept came from France's Maginot Line, built after World War I. The British believed the line could protect the colony from Japanese invasion for at least six months and even called it the "Oriental Maginot Line" (Chinese: 東方馬奇諾防線). The Japanese generals also believed the line would stop their advance until the scouts found out the line was very weak. For example, only 30 soldiers defended Shing Mun Redoubt in the Battle of Hong Kong. It had a capacity of 120 men.

Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town.

In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km2. Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong.
Moniezia expansa
Moniezia expansa is commonly known as sheep tapeworm or double-pored ruminant tapeworm. It is a large tapeworm inhabiting the small intestines of ruminants such as sheep, goats and cattle. It has been reported from Peru that pigs are also infected. There is an unusual report of human infection in an Egyptian. It is characterized by unarmed scolex (i.e., hooks and rostellum are absent), presence of two sets of reproductive systems in each proglottid, and each proglottid being very short but very broad.

Reproductive system
The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction.  Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring.
BushBuck Charms, Viking Ships & Dodo Eggs
Bushbuck Charms, Viking Ships & Dodo Eggs, also known as Bush Buck: Global Treasure Hunter, is an educational video game released in 1991.  Designed by the Australian company Reckon, the game was published by "PC Globe", a small US-based company that specialized in "edutainment" software in the late 1980s and early 90s.  In the tradition of Broderbund's Carmen Sandiego games, "Bushbuck Charms, Viking Ships and Dodo Eggs" taught geography through a storyline that involved a global scavenger hunt for unusual items.  Each game, the player had to find fifteen items which the game chose from a selection of hundreds of possible items.  A few of the possible items were a hemlock leaf, a lava-lava, and an alpaca poncho.  The game ran on the Amiga and MS-DOS platforms.

Conium
Conium (/koʊˈnaɪ.əm/ or /ˈkoʊniəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. As of December 2020, Plants of the World Online accepts six species.

All species of the genus are poisonous to humans. C. maculatum, also known as hemlock, is infamous for being highly poisonous. Hemlock is native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. The species C. chaerophylloides, C. fontanum, and C. sphaerocarpum are all native to southern Africa.
Aloha Vet
Aloha Vet is an American factual television series that followed the late Dr. Scott Sims as he traveled Hawaii in the course of his veterinary career. Sims was in talks for a second season when he was diagnosed with bladder cancer, which he died of two months later on July 25, 2015.

Factual television
Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people. These types of programs are also described as observational documentary, fly on the wall, docudrama, and reality television. The genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, although the term factual television has especially been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s. The term is especially used in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
Silicone granuloma
Silicone granulomas are a skin condition that occur as a reaction to liquid silicones, and are characterized by the formation of nodules.: 46

Formation of a granuloma is a common tissue response to a range of foreign bodies. Silicone can be directly injected into tissue as part of a cosmetic procedure or it can leak from silicone implants. The formation and consequences of silicon-induced granulomas is not well described or understood. The extent of damage that they cause is controversial.

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
Alexey Buturlin
Alexey Petrovich Buturlin (January 13, 1802 – January 26, 1863) was a Russian lieutenant general, Governor of Yaroslavl, senator; brother of Dmitry and Mikhail Buturlin. The owner of the large family estate Marinka.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Trusted computing base
The trusted computing base (TCB) of a computer system is the set of all hardware, firmware, and/or software components that are critical to its security, in the sense that bugs or vulnerabilities occurring inside the TCB might jeopardize the security properties of the entire system. By contrast, parts of a computer system that lie outside the TCB must not be able to misbehave in a way that would leak any more privileges than are granted to them in accordance to the system's security policy.

The careful design and implementation of a system's trusted computing base is paramount to its overall security. Modern operating systems strive to reduce the size of the TCB so that an exhaustive examination of its code base (by means of manual or computer-assisted software audit or program verification) becomes feasible.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Hits Radio Lancashire
Hits Radio Lancashire, formerly Rock FM, is an Independent Local Radio station, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Lancashire, North West England.

As of March 2025, the station has a weekly audience of 188,000 listeners according to RAJAR.

Independent Local Radio
Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

As a result of the buyouts and mergers permitted by the Broadcasting Act 1990, deregulation resulting from the Communications Act 2003 and further deregulation from the Media Act 2024, most commercial stations are now neither independent (although they remain independent from the BBC) nor local, as almost all of them are now relays of a national brand, with remaining locality reduced to nothing more than localised commercials, news (which may be from the approved area region), weather and peak-time travel information. Radio stations are licensed and regulated by OfCom.

The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland.
Kansai College of Oriental Medicine
Kansai College of Oriental Medicine (関西鍼灸短期大学, Kansai Shinkyu Tanki Daigaku) is a junior college in Osaka, Japan, and is part of the Kansai Iryo Gakuen network.

The institute was founded in 1957 and was established as a Junior College in 1985.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Vatican City cricket team
The Vatican City cricket team is an amateur cricket club established by the Vatican for the Catholic Church to foster ties where the sport is popular, such as in the Commonwealth of Nations including India and the Caribbean, thereby encouraging inter-faith dialogue.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Electoral district of North Esk
The Electoral district of North Esk was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based near Tasmania's second city of Launceston.

The seat was created in a redistribution ahead of the 1903 state election out of the former seats of Selby and Evandale, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

Hare–Clark electoral system
Hare–Clark is a type of single transferable vote electoral system of proportional representation used for elections in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. With its use in 1909, it was one of the first uses of the Gregory method for transfers of winner's surplus votes.

The name is derived from the names of English barrister Thomas Hare, the original inventor of single transferable voting, and Attorney-General of Tasmania Andrew Inglis Clark, who introduced a modified form to Tasmania in 1896.
Edidi
Èdìdì listenⓘis a town located in the Isin Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The  Edidi town comprises three  villages:  Èdìdì Ọjà, Èdìdì Òkè-Ọ̀nà and Èdìdì Ìdẹ̀ra. Edidi is located about 400 km (250 mi) northeast of Lagos and about 53 km (33 mi) south of Ilorin.

Isin, Nigeria
Isin listenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Isin Local Government Area of Kwara State was created from the old Irepodun Local Government Area in 1996 with the headquarters at Owu-Isin. It has an area of 633 km2 and a population of 59,738 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 251.
People's Park (Nanchang)
People's Park (Chinese: 人民公园; pinyin: Rénmín Gōngyuán) is an urban public park in Donghu District of central Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, China. Covering an area of 32.6 hectares (81 acres), it is the largest park in downtown Nanchang. It has more than 14,000 trees of 175 different species. Its layout is in the style of typical Chinese gardens of the Jiangnan region. It is popular with residents and tourists alike.

The park was established in 1954 and originally called New Park (新公园). It was renamed as People's Park in 1958. It is known for its orchid garden, which was created in 1963 at the suggestion of Marshal Zhu De. The park's name is inscribed in Zhu's calligraphy.

People's Park is located at 96 Fuzhou Road in Donghu District, south of the Jiangxi Stadium and north of the old Jiangxi Provincial Government. Admission to the park is free.

Zhu De
Zhu De (1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, military strategist, politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Zhu was born into poverty and was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine and received a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy. After graduating, he joined a rebel army and became a warlord. Afterward he joined the CCP. He commanded the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. By the end of the civil war he was also a high-ranking party official.

Zhu is regarded as one of the principal founders of the People's Republic of China, and was a prominent political figure until dying in 1976. In 1955, he was ranked first among the ten marshals. He was chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1959 to 1976.