hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dimitar Iliev Popov
Dimitar Iliev Popov (Pokriva) (Bulgarian: Димитър Илиев Попов [diˈmitɐr poˈpɔf]; 26 June 1927 – 5 December 2015) was a leading Bulgarian judge and the first prime minister of the country not to be a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party since 1946. He was also the first prime minister since 1944 who was not a Communist or a fellow traveler.

Popov, who did not have any party affiliation and was chosen for his perceived impartiality as a member of the judiciary, was selected to head the new government after the resignation of Andrey Lukanov in December 1990 in the face of mass demonstrations and a general strike. As prime minister, Popov oversaw the drafting of the new constitution as well as the second open elections. Although overseeing the beginnings of the policy of privatization, Popov's government was more of a caretaker administration.

Popov died at the age of 88 on December 5, 2015.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Tiger Cub
Tiger cub refers to the infant of the feline Panthera tigris; for other uses, with full capitalization, see:

Tiger Cub Developments Sherwood Ranger, an aircraft manufactured by a small-scale British aircraft manufacturer/producer

Tiger Cub Economies, a collective term for the five major economies of South-East Asia

Tiger Cubs, the junior section of the Boy Scouts of America

Tiger Cubs (finance), a group of former Tiger Management employees who have since founded their own hedge funds

Tiger Cubs (TV series), a 2012 Hong Kong police procedural series

Triumph Tiger Cub, a British motorcycle from 1950s until late 1960s

Triumph Tiger Cub
The Triumph Tiger Cub was a 200 cc (12 cu in) single-cylinder British motorcycle made by Triumph Motorcycles at their Meriden factory in the West Midlands. Based on the Triumph T15 Terrier 150 cc, itself a surprise announcement just before the 1952 show, the 200 cc T20 Tiger Cub was designed by Edward Turner, and launched at the Earls Court show in November 1953. It competed well against the other small-capacity motorcycles of the time, such as those using two-stroke engines from Villiers.
Karasha
Karasha (Russian: Караша; Lak: Караши) is a rural locality (or selo) and the administrative centre of Karashinsky Selsoviet, Laksky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

In 2010, the population was 167. There are 3 streets.

Lak language
Lak (лакку маз, [lakːu maz]) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within the family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six official languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.
Actinidia arguta
Actinidia arguta is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, Northern China, and the Russian Far East. The fruit is known as kiwiberry or hardy kiwi, which are small kiwifruits without the hair-like fiber covering the outside, unlike most other species of the genus.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
Ravensbourne railway station
Ravensbourne railway station is in the London Borough of Bromley in south London. The station adjoins Beckenham Place Park and serves the north edge of Beckenham and Shortlands.

It is 10 miles 34 chains (16.8 km) measured from London Victoria. It is in London fare zone 4, and the station and all trains are operated by Thameslink.

Opened in 1892 by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway as part of their new Catford Loop line, the station retains its Victorian air of a quiet country station although its roadside booking office was rebuilt after a fire in 1988.

Shortlands
Shortlands is a suburb of South East London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It has been part of Greater London since 1965, and was previously part of the historic county of Kent. It is located between west of Bromley and east of Beckenham.
Faridkot, Khanewal
Faridkot is a small village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°16'30N 71°57'30E with an altitude of 129 metres and lies to the south-west of the district capital - Khanewal.

The village gained temporary notoriety  for allegedly being the hometown of "Azam Amir Kasav", one of the terrorists involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacks. However, it turned out that this person's real name is Mohammad Ajmal Amir, and that Ajmal Amir is from a different village with the same name, Faridkot in the tehsil of Dipalpur, about 170 km to the north-east of Faridkot near Khanewal.

Faridkot, Okara
Faridkot (Urdu: فرید کوٹ) is a village in Depalpur Tehsil in the Okara District of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

The village has been a fertile recruiting ground for Lashkar-e-Taiba; Ajmal Kasab, a perpetrator of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, belonged from Faridkot.
2013 drought in Maharashtra
The 2013 drought in Maharashtra in India came after the region received lower rainfall during the monsoon season June to September 2012. It is considered as the region's worst drought in 40 years. The worst-hit areas in Maharashtra were Solapur, Parbhani, Ahmednagar, Latur, Pune, Satara, Beed and Nashik. Residents of Latur, Osmanabad, Nanded, Aurangabad, Jalna, Jalgaon and Dhule districts were also affected by this famine.

Ahmednagar district
Ahmednagar district (Marathi pronunciation: [əɦ(ə)məd̪nəɡəɾ]), officially Ahilyanagar district, is the largest district of Maharashtra state in western India. The historical city of Ahmednagar is the headquarters of the district. Ahmednagar and Sangamner are the largest cities in the district. It was the seat of the Ahmednagar Sultanate of late medieval period (1496–1636 CE). This district is known for the towns of Shirdi associated with Sai Baba, Meherabad associated with Meher Baba, Shani Shinganapur with Shanidev, and Devgad with Lord Dattatreya. Ahmednagar district is part of Nashik Division. The district is bordered by Aurangabad district to the northeast, Nashik district to the northwest, Thane and Pune districts to the southwest, Solapur district to the south and Beed district to the southeast.
CD Atlético Mansillés
Club Deportivo Atlético Mansillés is a Spanish football team based in Mansilla de las Mulas, León, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1953, they play in Tercera Federación – Group 8, holding home matches at Campo Municipal La Caldera, with a capacity of 1,000 people.

Mansilla de las Mulas
Mansilla de las Mulas (Spanish pronunciation: [manˈsiʎa ðe las ˈmulas]), Mansiella in Leonese language, is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2024 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,663 inhabitants.

The town is on the French Way, the most popular path of the Camino de Santiago. The medieval bridge over the Esla River is an essential crossing point for the pilgrims leaving Mansilla de las Mulas on their way to León.

Museum of the Leonese Peoples is erected over the archaeological remains of the former convent of San Agustín of Mansilla de las Mulas. It guards over 8,000 ethnographic pieces.
Host controller interface (USB, Firewire)
A USB and Firewire Host Controller Interface (UFHC) is a register-level interface that enables a host controller for USB or IEEE 1394 hardware to communicate with a host controller driver in software. The driver software is typically provided with an operating system of a personal computer, but may also be implemented by application-specific devices such as a microcontroller.

On the expansion card or motherboard controller, this involves much custom logic, with digital logic engines in the motherboard's controller chip, plus analog circuitry managing the high-speed differential signals. On the software side, it requires a device driver (called a Host Controller Driver, or HCD).

Input–output memory management unit
In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory. Like a traditional MMU, which translates CPU-visible virtual addresses to physical addresses, the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device addresses or memory mapped I/O addresses in this context) to physical addresses. Some units also provide memory protection from faulty or malicious devices.

An example IOMMU is the graphics address remapping table (GART) used by AGP and PCI Express graphics cards on Intel Architecture and AMD computers.

On the x86 architecture, prior to splitting the functionality of northbridge and southbridge between the CPU and Platform Controller Hub (PCH), I/O virtualization was not performed by the CPU but instead by the chipset.
Sandal (surname)
Sandal or Sandals is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bjørg Sandal (born 1955), Norwegian director and politician

Christian Sandal (1872–1951), Norwegian actor and theatre director

Liz Sandals (born 1947), Canadian politician

Marta Sandal (1878–1930), Norwegian singer

Mustafa Sandal (born 1970), Turkish pop music singer-songwriter, record producer

Nils R. Sandal  (born 1950), Norwegian politician

Reidar Sandal (born 1949), Norwegian politician

Liz Sandals
Liz Sandals (née MacNaughton; born c. 1947) is a politician in Ontario, Canada.  She was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2018 who represented the ridings of Guelph—Wellington and Guelph. She served in cabinet as the President of the Treasury Board until January 17, 2018 and previously served for three years as Minister of Education in the government of Kathleen Wynne.
Véronique Gayrard
Véronique Gayrard is a French mathematician specializing in probability and statistical physics, with research topics including Hopfield networks, the long-term behavior of the random energy model and similar glassy systems, and metastability in reversible diffusion. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), affiliated with the Marseille Institute of Mathematics (I2M) operated jointly by CNRS and Aix-Marseille University. At I2M, she is affiliated with the research group on the mathematics of randomness (ALEA), which she headed from 2015 to 2021.

Reversible diffusion
In mathematics, a reversible diffusion is a specific example of a reversible stochastic process.  Reversible diffusions have an elegant characterization due to the Russian mathematician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.
2014–15 Saint Joseph's Hawks men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Saint Joseph's Hawks basketball team represented Saint Joseph's University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hawks, led by 20th year head coach Phil Martelli, played their home games at Hagan Arena and were members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 13–18, 7–11 in A-10 play to finish in tenth place. They lost in the second round of the A-10 tournament to St. Bonaventure.

2015 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2015 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was held March 11–15, 2015 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. With Davidson joining the conference in July 2014, it was a 14-team tournament for the first time.
Imran Abdulla
Sheikh Imran Abdulla (Dhivehi: އިމްރާން ޢަބްދުالله) is a Maldivian politician and religious scholar who served as the minister of home affairs of the Maldives from 2018 to 2023. A member of the Adhaalath Party, he currently serves as the party's president since 2011.

Ministry of Homeland Security and Technology
The Ministry of Homeland Security & Technology, formerly known as the Ministry of Home Affairs is part of the Maldivian Executive branch responsible for maintaining law and order in the Maldives at the national level. It was introduced in 1932 after the  Maldivian independence under president Ibrahim Nasir, the second president of Maldives.
Prydein (band)
Prydein is an American Celtic rock group formed in 1999. They are notable for their use of bagpipes in a rock band setting. They were formed in Burlington, Vermont, and have released five albums to date. Prydein has played many major festivals up and down the East Coast and the Midwest United States, including the Celtic Classic, New Hampshire Highland Games, and the Detroit Highland Games, and have been featured at the Eastern States Exposition for five years and the New World Festival for 10 years.

The Eastern States Exposition
The Big E, formally known as The Eastern States Exposition, is an annual fair in West Springfield, Massachusetts, which opens on the second Friday after Labor Day and runs for seventeen days.

It is billed as "New England's Great State Fair", the largest agricultural event on the eastern seaboard and the fifth-largest fair in the nation. The Big E is inclusive of all six New England states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
History of organic farming
Traditional farming (of many particular kinds in different eras and places) was the original type of agriculture, and has been practiced for thousands of years. All traditional farming is now considered to be "organic farming" although at the time there were no known inorganic methods. For example, forest gardening, a fully organic food production system which dates from prehistoric times, is thought to be the world's oldest and most resilient agroecosystem. The industrial revolution introduced inorganic methods, most of which were not well developed and had serious side effects. An organic movement began in the 1940s as a reaction to agriculture's growing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The history of this modern revival of organic farming dates back to the first half of the 20th century at a time when there was a growing reliance on these new synthetic, non-organic methods.

J. I. Rodale
Jerome Irving Rodale (/ˈroʊdeɪl/; né Cohen; August 16, 1898 – June 8, 1971) was a publisher, editor, and author who founded Rodale, Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, and The Rodale Institute, formerly the Soil Health Foundation.

Rodale was an early advocate of sustainable agriculture and organic farming in the United States. As an author, his work included several magazines and books, including books featuring different authors, on the subject of health. He popularized the term "organic" as a term for growing food without pesticides. Rodale also published works on other topics, including The Synonym Finder.

On June 8, 1971, Rodale died after suffering a fatal heart attack while appearing as a guest on a segment, which was never broadcast, of The Dick Cavett Show. Rodale was taken to Roosevelt Hospital and pronounced dead on arrival at age 72.
Flag of Mobile, Alabama
The flag of Mobile, Alabama was designed by Lambert C. Mims and adopted on December 4, 1968. It features a red stripe, a blue stripe, and the city seal all on a White field. It is the current and only flag of Mobile.

North American Vexillological Association
The North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) is a membership organization devoted to vexillology, the study of flags. It was founded in 1967 by American vexillologist Whitney Smith, and others. Its membership of 1,100+ comprises flag scholars, enthusiasts, designers, collectors, conservators, educators, merchants, manufacturers, historians, and hobbyists from most states and provinces of the United States and Canada, and more than 30 other countries.

In the 21st century, many state and municipal bodies have re-evaluated and introduced measures to change their flags, often influenced and initiated by NAVA's surveys on flag design. Some of their design processes have followed a set of flag design principles compiled by Ted Kaye and published by NAVA.
Ka Hsaw Wa
Ka Hsaw Wa (born 1970) is a Burmese human rights activist. He is a  member of the Karen indigenous group. Along with his wife, environmental and human rights attorney Katie Redford, he is the co-founder and co-director of EarthRights International (ERI), an organization that focuses on human rights in Burma and other areas "where protection of human rights and the environment is intrinsically connected." Ka Hsaw Wa and Katie Redford have two young children.

Unocal Corporation
Union Oil Company of California, and its holding company Unocal Corporation, together known as Unocal /ˈjuːnoʊkæl/ was a major petroleum explorer and marketer in the late 19th century, through the 20th century, and into the early 21st century. It was headquartered in El Segundo, California, United States.

Unocal was involved in domestic and global energy projects. Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, which attempted to build the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan, to the Indian Ocean, at a time after the Taliban siege of Kabul in 1996.

On August 10, 2005, Chevron acquired Unocal for US$17.9 billion (equivalent to $27.5 billion in 2025), making it a wholly owned subsidiary. Unocal then ceased operations as an independent company, but continues to conduct many operations as Union Oil Company of California, a Chevron company.
Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey
Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey (transl. Entranced by dusk) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language independent romance film written and directed by Narayan Nagendra Rao in his debut. Produced by C. H. Mayuri Shekar of Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Creations, it stars Aari Arujunan and Shubha Phutela in her only acting credit, with Subbu Panchu, R. S. Shivaji, Balaji Venugopal, Tejasvini and Karunakaran in pivotal roles. Set in real time, it follows two strangers, played by Aari and Phutela, falling in love after meeting in a coffee shop. The music was composed by Achu, cinematography was handled by Gopi Amarnath and editing by M. Thiyagarajan. The film was released on 27 July 2012.

Karunakaran (actor)
Karunakaran (born 28 January 1981) is an Indian actor and comedian who mainly appears in Tamil cinema. He made his breakthrough in the film Soodhu Kavvum (2013). He also appeared in supporting roles in Yaamirukka Bayamey (2014), Jigarthanda (2014) and Indru Netru Naalai (2015).
Razor clam
Razor clam is a common name for long, narrow, saltwater clams (which resemble a closed straight razor in shape), including:

Atlantic jackknife clam, Ensis leei (syn. Ensis directus)

Gould's razor shell, Solen strictus

Pacific razor clam, Siliqua patula

Pinna bicolor, a species of large saltwater clam in the family Pinnidae

Razor shell, Ensis magnus (syn  Ensis arcuatus)

Rosy razor clam, Solecurtus strigilatus

Siliqua alta, the northern or Arctic razor clam

Siliqua costata, Atlantic razor clam

Solen marginatus, the grooved razor shell

Sinonovacula constricta, the Chinese razor clam

Gould's razor shell
Gould's razor shell (Solen strictus) is a bivalve mollusc of the family Solenidae. It is common in Japan in sandy coastal zones of the western, southern and northeastern coasts, and also in South Korea, China and Taiwan. It lives on the sandy littoral zone, preferring the depth of about 20–50 cm.

In Weifang Cadong Province, China, researches have found that living Solen strictus weighs an average of 12g and measures to a length of 10cm.
Sari Pul River
The Sari Pul River is a river in northern Afghanistan originating in southwestern Sar-e Pol Province.  It flows north and is joined by a major tributary from the east just south of the provincial capital, Sar-e Pol.  It continues north past the town of Sar-e Pol and into Jowzjan Province.  It flows past Sheberghan into the edge of the Karakum Desert where it dries up.  In prehistoric times, its flow used to reach the Amu Darya.

There are irrigation canals that spread the water out around Sheberghan.

Karakum Desert
The Karakum Desert (/ˈkærəkʌm/ KARR-ə-kum; Russian: Каракумы, IPA: [kərɐˈkumɨ]), also spelt Qaraqum and Garagum (Turkmen: [ɢɑɾɑˈʁʊm]; lit. 'Black Sand'), is a desert in Central Asia. The name refers to the shale-rich sand beneath the surface. It occupies about 70 percent, or roughly 350,000 km2 (140,000 sq mi), of Turkmenistan.

The population is sparse, with an average of one person per 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi). Rainfall is also rare, ranging from 70 to 150 mm (3 to 6 in) per year.
Phrynobatrachus njiomock
Phrynobatrachus njiomock  is a species of frogs in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to Cameroon and is only known from Mount Oku where it occurs near Lake Oku. It has not been observed after 2010 and might already be extinct. The specific name njiomock means "eleventh" in Oku language and refers to the name "Phrynobatrachus sp. 11" that Jean-Louis Amiet used in 1978 to refer to a specimen collected near Lake Oku. Common name Lake Oku puddle frog has been proposed for this species.

Mount Oku
Mount Oku, or Kilum Mountain, is the largest volcano in the Oku Massif, in the Cameroon Volcanic Line, located in the Oku region of the Western High Plateau of Cameroon.
It is the second highest mountain in mainland Central Africa.
The stratovolcano rises to 3,011 metres (9,879 ft) above sea level, and is cut by a large caldera.
PWA Tag Team Championship (Minnesota)
The PWA Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling tag team championship in Pro Wrestling America (PWA). It remained active until 1996 when PWA began running occasional events.

The inaugural champions were The Terminators (Riggs and Wolf), who defeated The Warlord and Teijo Khan in Anoka, Minnesota on January 15, 1985 to become the first PWA Tag Team Champions. At 609 days, The Terminators' second reign was the longest while the team's third and final reign was the shortest lasting only 2 days. With three reigns, The Terminators also held the most reigns as a tag team and individually. Overall, there were 19 reigns.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.