hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
El Arfji
El Arfji (also written El Arfsi) is a village in the commune of Reguiba, in Reguiba District, El Oued Province, Algeria. The village is located on a local road 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of Reguibra.

Reguiba
Reguiba (Arabic: اﻟﺮﻗﻴﺒﺔ) is a town and commune, and capital of Reguiba District, in El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 40,367.  The population grew from 30,392 in 1998, to where it is today.  It has an annual growth rate of 2.9%.
1972 South Australian Tennis Championships
The 1972 South Australian Championships was a combined men's and women's Grand Prix tennis tournament held at the Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia and played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 75th edition of the tournament and was held from 17 January through 23 January 1972. First-seeded Alex Metreveli and Evonne Goolagong won the singles titles.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Aris T. Allen
Aris T. Allen (December 27, 1910 – February 8, 1991) was an American politician who was the first African-American chair of the Maryland Republican Party and the first to run for a statewide office in Maryland.

Maryland Republican Party
The Maryland Republican Party is the Maryland state branch of the Republican Party (GOP), headquartered in Annapolis. It is the state's minority party, controlling no statewide offices, minorities in both houses of the state legislature, and 1 of 8 U.S. House seats.
Stephen McAll
Stephen McAll is a Scottish songwriter and producer based in Stirling, best known as the lead of the Experimental Folk music project Constant Follower. Under that name his album Neither Is, Nor Ever Was (2021) was shortlisted for the 2022 Scottish Album of the Year Award, and subsequent releases drew international press, further SAY Award nominations and UK chart positions. He is a dual ambassador for the Featured Artists Coalition and Attitude is Everything, advocating for accessibility in the music sector.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Kosmos 520
Kosmos 520 (Russian: Космос 520 meaning Cosmos 520) was the first Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite. It was launched in 1972 as part of the Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 520 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 19:19 UTC on 19 September 1972. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1972-072A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 06192.

International Designator
The International Designator is an international identifier assigned to artificial objects in space. It consists of the launch year, a three-digit incrementing launch number of that year and up to a three-letter code representing the sequential identifier of a piece in a launch. In TLE format the first two digits of the year and the dash are dropped.
For example, 1990-037A is the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31, which carried the Hubble Space Telescope (1990-037B) into space. This launch was the 37th known successful launch worldwide in 1990.
2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Men's 100 metre individual medley
The men's 100 metre individual medley event at the 11th FINA World Swimming Championships (25m) took place 15 – 16 December 2012 at the Sinan Erdem Dome.  The final was won by American Ryan Lochte in a time of 51.21.  In the semifinals, Lochte broke Peter Mankoč's world record of 50.76 set in 2009 with a time of 50.71.

Sinan Erdem Dome
The Sinan Erdem Dome (Turkish: Sinan Erdem Spor Salonu), formerly known as the Ataköy Dome, is a multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in Ataköy, Bakırköy on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.

It has a seating capacity of 22,500 for concerts. For the sport of basketball, it has a seating capacity of 16,000, and for the sport of tennis, it has a seating capacity of 16,457 people, making it Turkey's largest multi-purpose indoor venue, and the third largest in Europe (although it is not the third largest in Europe in capacity for basketball use). The arena is named after Sinan Erdem (1927–2003), a former Turkish volleyball player who was the President of the Turkish National Olympic Committee, from 1989, until his death in 2003.
Olav Magne Dønnem
Olav Magne Dønnem (born 21 November 1980) is a Norwegian former ski jumper.

In the World Cup he finished among the top 10 on three occasions. In 1998 he won the Norwegian National Junior Championship in Lysgårdsbakkene in Lillehammer Municipality, Norway. At the 2001 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, he came 39th in the large hill. He finished 19th at the FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2000. He won the 2003–04 Continental Cup. His personal best is fourth place in 1998 in Harrachov.

Lysgårdsbakken
Lysgårdsbakken, officially known as Lysgårdsbakkene Ski Jumping Arena (Norwegian: Lysgårdsbakkene hoppanlegg), is a ski jumping hill in Lillehammer Municipality in Norway. It consists of a large hill, with a K-point of 123 and a hill size of 138, and a small hill with a K-point of 90 and a hill size of 98. It opened in 1993 for the 1994 Winter Olympics, where it hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined events, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. After the Olympics, ownership was transferred to the municipal Lillehammer Olympiapark and it has since been used for several FIS Ski Jumping World Cup and FIS Nordic Combined World Cup tournaments, including hosting the Nordic Tournament. It has a capacity for 35,000 spectators and is one of three national ski jumping hills in Norway. In 2007, the large hill was rebuilt to a larger profile, and received a new plastic lining. The venue sees 80,000 annual jumps in the winter and 20,000 in the summer season.
2006 IRB Nations Cup
The 2006 IRB Nations Cup was the first edition of the international rugby union tournament, a competition created by the International Rugby Board.  It pits the "A" Teams of the stronger (Tier 1) rugby nations (Argentina Jaguars and Italy A) against some of the Tier 2 and 3 nations (Romania and Russia).

The tournament took place between 13 and 24 June at Estádio Universitário in Lisbon, Portugal.  Argentina Jaguars were the overall winners.

The competition format was a round-robin whereby each team played each of the other 3 teams once.  The competition was played over three match days, with two matches played consecutively on each day.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
Folk Roots, New Routes
Folk Roots, New Routes is a collaborative folk album by Shirley Collins and Davy Graham, released by Decca in 1964.

The album was produced by Ray Horricks and recorded by Gus Dudgeon; the sleeve featured a photograph by Crispian Woodgate and sleeve notes by Austin John Marshall.

According to Bob Stanley, the album took inspiration from the North African scale, modal music and Miles Davis; it was the first time many of these English folk songs had been recorded with guitar backing.

Gus Dudgeon
Angus Boyd "Gus" Dudgeon (30 September 1942 – 21 July 2002) was an English record producer, who oversaw many of Elton John's most acclaimed recordings, including his commercial breakthrough, "Your Song". Their collaboration led to seven US No. 1 albums, and established John as one of the most successful singles artists of the 1970s.

Dudgeon also produced Chris Rea's first hit, the US chart topping "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", and David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and steered many other artists to chart success, including Joan Armatrading and Elkie Brooks. The Guinness Book of Records cites Dudgeon as being the first person to use sampling in music production. He was a founding member of the Music Producers Guild.
Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival
The Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival is a documentary film festival held biennially in Yamagata, Japan (38°15′N 140°20′E﻿ / ﻿38.250°N 140.333°E﻿ / 38.250; 140.333).

It was first held in October 1989, which makes it one of the longest-running documentary film festivals in the world and the most distinguished such festival in Asia. Its emphasis is on showcasing the best achievements in documentary filmmaking, as well as promoting and popularizing the genre and documentary filmmaking in the region.

The festival was most recently held in October 2023. 1,633 films from 109 countries were submitted, with 238 films screened as part of the international and regional competitions. The festival attracted an audience of around 23,000 people. Since 2001, the competition has included films shot in DV. In 1991, a Young Asian Talents section was established.

Robert J. Flaherty
Robert Joseph Flaherty, FRGS (/ˈflæ.ərti, ˈflɑː-/; February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature-length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922). The film made his reputation and nothing in his later life fully equaled its success, although he continued the development of this new genre of narrative documentary with Moana (1926), set in the South Seas, and Man of Aran (1934), filmed in Ireland's Aran Islands. Flaherty is considered the father of both the documentary and the ethnographic film.

Flaherty was married to writer Frances H. Flaherty from 1914 until his death in 1951. Frances worked on several of her husband's films, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Story for Louisiana Story (1948).
Scipio Kennedy
Scipio Kennedy (c. 1694–1774) was a slave who was taken as a child from Guinea (region) in West Africa. After being purchased at the age of five or six by Captain Andrew Douglas of Mains, he worked as a slave under his daughter, Jean, wife of Sir John Kennedy, 2nd Baronet of Culzean in Ayrshire, Scotland. He was granted a manumission (freedom from slavery) in 1725, but continued to work for the Kennedy family and was given land on the estate. He married in 1728 and had at least eight children. At least one living descendant is known from the west of Scotland and has published the story of his ancestor in a Scottish national newspaper.

Guinea (region)
Guinea is a traditional name for the region of the coast of West Africa which lies along the Gulf of Guinea. It is a naturally moist tropical forest or savanna that stretches along the coast and borders the Sahel belt in the north.
Guo Linxiang
Guo Linxiang (Chinese: 郭林祥; pinyin: Guō Línxiáng; September 1914 – 25 April 2010) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as political commissar of the People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department from 1973 to 1975 and political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region from 1982 to 1985.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Scale height
In atmospheric, earth, and planetary sciences, a scale height, usually denoted by the capital letter H, is a distance (vertical or radial) over which a physical quantity decreases by a factor of e (the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.718).

Physical quantity
A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is a pair of a numerical value and a unit of measurement. For example, the physical quantity mass, symbol m, can be quantified as m=n kg, where n is the numerical value and kg is the unit symbol (for kilogram). Vector quantities have, besides numerical value and unit, direction or orientation in space.
Latrell Schaumkel
Latrell Schaumkel (born 22 July 1994) is a former professional rugby league footballer who last played as a winger for Toulouse Olympique in the Super League. He previously played for Villeneuve in Elite 1. He played lower grades in Australia before moving to France and is an international with Niue.

Villeneuve XIII RLLG
Villeneuve XIII originally called Sports Athletic Villeneuvois XIII are a semi-professional rugby league team based in Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France. Formed in 1934, the first French rugby league club, they currently play in the Super XIII the highest level of rugby league in France. They have won both the league title and the cup on nine occasions. Their home stadium is the Stade Max Rousie.
1878 Reading by-election
The 1878 Reading by-election was fought on 17 May 1878.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Francis Goldsmid.  It was won by the Liberal candidate George Palmer.

George William Palmer (British politician)
George William Palmer (23 May 1851 – 8 October 1913) was a member of the Palmer family, proprietors of the Huntley & Palmers biscuit manufacturers of Reading in England.

He was born in Reading, the son of George Palmer and his wife, Elizabeth Sarah, the daughter of Robert Meteyard. Like his father, George William Palmer served as mayor of Reading and represented the town in parliament. He served as Liberal Member of Parliament for the Reading borough constituency from 1892 until his defeat at the 1895 general election. He regained the seat at a by-election in 1898, and held it until he resigned from Parliament in 1904, due to advancing deafness.

He received the honorary Freedom of the Borough of Reading on 3 December 1902, for valuable public service rendered to the town. He was only the second person to receive this honour, the first being his father.

His country estate was Marlston House in Bucklebury.
VV Buitenpost
Voetbalvereniging Buitenpost is a Dutch association football club from Buitenpost, Friesland. They are currently members of the Vierde Divisie, the fifth tier of the Dutch football league system, and play their home matches at the 1,500-capacity home ground De Swadde.

Dutch football league system
The Dutch football league system consists of two fully professional leagues (Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie) and eight levels of amateur football leagues. The three highest amateur leagues, the Tweede, Derde and Vierde Divisie play in nationwide leagues and the five levels below are regional leagues.
Raj Kumari Dhillon
Raj Kumari Dhillon is an Indian politician from the Aam Aadmi Party. She was elected as an MLA from Hari Nagar constituency in 2020 at 7th Delhi Legislative Assembly elections defeating BJP candidate Tajinder Bagga. Prior to this, she was a ward councillor from Congress Party.

She was denied Aam Aadmi Party ticket in 2025 Elections and she contested as independent candidate and lost.

2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Delhi on 5 February 2025 to elect all 70 members of the Delhi Legislative Assembly. The counting of votes and declaration of results took place on 8 February 2025.

The Bharatiya Janata Party won in 48 out of 70 seats, thus returning to power in Delhi after 27 years. Rekha Gupta, the MLA from Shalimar Bagh, took oath as the Chief Minister on 20 February 2025.
Abdul Kahar Othman
Abdul Kahar bin Othman (1954 – 30 March 2022) was a Singaporean drug trafficker who was found guilty in 2013 of two charges of trafficking a total of 66.77 grams of heroin in Singapore, and later sentenced to death by the High Court in February 2015. After the end of his trial, Abdul Kahar tried to appeal the verdict but the courts dismissed his legal challenges and upheld his death sentence.

It was not until seven years later when Abdul Kahar's execution date was finally scheduled on 30 March 2022. Despite the appeals by human rights activists to the Government of Singapore to commute his sentence, Abdul Kahar was hanged as scheduled at Changi Prison, and he was 68 years old at the time of his execution. Abdul Kahar was the first person to be hanged in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic in the country itself.

Central Narcotics Bureau
The Central Narcotics Bureau (中央肃毒局) or CNB is a department under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) tasked to combat drug trafficking and distribution and is responsible for coordinating all matters pertaining to drug eradication in Singapore.
OTs-02 Kiparis
The OTS-02 Kiparis (ОЦ-02 Кипарис, Russian for "cypress") is a Russian submachine gun first designed by the TsKIB SOO design bureau of Tula in the early 1970s, although it was not introduced into service until 1991. It is primarily intended for internal security and police units, it was adopted by the Russian police and Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Malargüe Group
The Malargüe Group is a group of geologic formations of the Neuquén Basin of the Mendoza, Neuquén, Río Negro and La Pampa Provinces in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The formations of the Malargüe Group range in age between the middle Campanian to Deseadan, an Oligocene age of the SALMA classification, straddling the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, about 79 million to 30 million years in age. The group overlies the older Neuquén Group, separated by an unconformity dated to 79 Ma. The rocks of the Malargüe Group comprise both marine and continental deposits which are over 400 m (1312 ft) thick in total.

Río Negro Province
Río Negro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo], Black River) is a province of Argentina, located in northern Patagonia. Neighboring provinces are from the south clockwise Chubut, Neuquén, Mendoza, La Pampa and Buenos Aires. To the east lies the Atlantic Ocean.

Its capital is Viedma near the Atlantic outlet of the province's namesake river in the eastern extreme. The largest city is Bariloche in the far west in the Andean foothills. Other important cities include General Roca and Cipolletti.
Manley railway station
Manley railway station was located to the west of Manley, Cheshire, England. The station was opened by the Cheshire Lines Committee on 22 June 1870, closed to passengers on 1 May 1875 and closed completely on 6 March 1961.

Cheshire Lines Committee
The Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) was formed in the 1860s and became the second-largest joint railway in Great Britain. The committee, which was often styled the Cheshire Lines Railway, operated 143 miles (230 km) of track in the then counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. The railway did not become part of the Big Four during the implementation of the 1923 grouping, surviving independently with its own management until the railways were nationalised at the beginning of 1948. The railway  served Liverpool, Manchester, Stockport, Warrington, Widnes, Northwich, Winsford, Knutsford, Chester and Southport with connections to many other railways.
Miller Woods
Miller Woods is a western unit of Indiana Dunes National Park in the lakefront community of Miller Beach, Indiana.  Miller Woods is home to the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly and the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle.  Miller Woods is also the only part of the National Park that also adjoins the Grand Calumet River.

The northern part of Miller Woods adjoins Lake Michigan, and includes foredunes and high dunes, as well as blowouts and pannes.  The southern and larger part of Miller Woods consists of rolling ridge and swale, with beach ridges dominated by oak savanna. This southern part is also traversed by current and former rail lines.  The northern and southern parts are divided by the Grand Calumet River, including the westernmost of the three lagoons that mark the river's modern-day headwaters and former mouth.

Cirsium pitcheri
Cirsium pitcheri, sometimes called Pitcher's thistle or dune thistle, is a species of thistle native to sand dune shorelines along the upper Great Lakes.  It is native to Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario.  It is listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a threatened species.
Michael Ledeen
Michael Arthur Ledeen (/ləˈdiːn/; August 1, 1941 – May 17, 2025) was an American scholar and neoconservative foreign policy analyst. He was a consultant to the United States National Security Council, the U.S. Department of State, and the U.S. Department of Defense. He held the Freedom Scholar chair at the American Enterprise Institute where he was a scholar for 20 years, and also held the similarly named chair at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. He was very close to Italian politician Antonio Martino. Ledeen was also noted to have done work for Italian intelligence agency SISMI, having received over $100,000 in payment to offshore bank accounts for services including but not limited to training Italian intelligence operatives. Ledeen denied these allegations but admitted that he did do work for SISMI and was paid for it.

Antonio Martino
Antonio Martino (22 December 1942 – 5 March 2022) was an Italian politician and economist who a deputy and minister during the early years of the Second Italian Republic. A founding member of Forza Italia (FI), he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1994 and Minister of Defence from 2001 to 2006. Martino was the son of a prominent Italian Liberal Party (PLI) who served as foreign minister in the 1950s. He followed his father's politics and joined the PLI in 1968.

After graduating in Jurisprudence, Martino moved to the United States and became a professor. He was also a prolific writer and author, and wrote for numerous publications. From 1994 to 2018, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. First elected with Forza Italia, he was a founding member of The People of Freedom (PdL), which was Forza Italia's successor in 2009, and was part of Forza Italia's refoundation in 2013.