hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kofa, Arizona
Kofa, also historically known as Kofa Station,  is a populated place situated in Yuma County, Arizona, United States. It is located in the northern San Cristobal Valley, along the Union Pacific Railroad's Roll Industrial Lead.

The town, like the nearby hills of the same name, was derived from the acronym for "King of Arizona", which had been coined by Colonel Eugene Ives. Ives had purchased a nearby mine from Charles Eichelberg for $250,000, which he named the King of Arizona Mine. A post office was established in the town in 1900, with Lewis W. Alexander as its postmaster. It has an estimated elevation of 390 feet (120 m) above sea level.

San Cristobal Valley
The San Cristobal Valley is a valley in the lower regions of the western Gila River Valley in southwestern Arizona in the western Sonoran Desert. The San Cristobal Wash drains northwest, but exists only in the southern half of the valley.

The San Cristobal Valley drains north and northwesterly and parallels the Mohawk Valley and Mohawk Mountains to the west; the valley is less desert-like than the Mohawk Valley, and ends in an extensive southwest–northeast bajada-plains region, conducive to agriculture. The Gila River valley and Interstate 8 in Arizona are at the north end of the valley between the communities of Mohawk and Dateland. The valley is bordered by two mountain ranges to the east: the Aguila Mountains in Yuma County, with an eastern end crossing into southwestern Maricopa County, and the Granite Mountains of extreme western Pima County.

Southern regions of the valley are in the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range-Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge.
Saint-Jean-de-Brébeuf, Quebec
Saint-Jean-de-Brébeuf (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ də bʁebœf]) is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté des Appalaches in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 397 as of 2009.

First named Lower Ireland due to its location in the township of Ireland and in opposition to Upper Ireland, now the hamlet of Maple Grove in Irlande, Saint-Jean-de-Brébeuf was first colonized by English, Irish and Scottish settlers. The current name was given to the municipality at its constitution in 1946. It honours Jean de Brébeuf, a French Jesuit missionary martyred in Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, near Midland, Ontario, in 1649.

The former parish church was converted in 2014 to house Le Théâtre Bleu performance venue.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Jasper Pheasant
Jasper Pheasant  was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the seventeenth century.

Pheasant was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained deacon on 1 March 1640 and priest on 18 June 1680. He was Precentor of Achonry from 1661 and Dean of Killaloe from 1662, holding both positions until his death in 1692.

St. Crumnathy's Cathedral, Achonry
St. Crumnathy's Cathedral is a former cathedral in Achonry in County Sligo, Ireland.

Dedicated to St Nathy, it was formerly in the Diocese of Achonry, and then the joint cathedral of Killala and Achonry. It was built in 1823, at a cost of £1066 with a grant from the Board of First Fruits, on the site of an earlier monastic settlement. It was one of three cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Killala and Achonry until it was deconsecrated in 1998.

St. Crumnathy's Cathedral is a protected structure.
Flag of Kent
The flag of Kent is the flag of the English county of Kent.  It features the white horse of Kent on a red background, a theme used in several other Kent-related coats of arms and logos or symbols. It is sometimes referred to as the Invicta Flag or Invicta Flag of Kent, after the motto of Kent, Invicta.

The flag is an adaptation of what was thought to be the traditional arms of Kent as popularised by Richard Verstegen's 1605 work, A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence. These arms were attributed anachronistically to the Kingdom of Kent, but used by the Justices of Kent for many years. The design didn't catch on as a symbol of the modern county of Kent until the mid-18th century and didn't appear in flag form until the 19th century. The arms were officially granted to Kent County Council on 17 October 1933 (and re-confirmed to its successor in 1975). The flag was accepted by the Flag Institute as that of the historic county on the basis of its traditional use.

Saxon Steed
The Saxon Steed (German: Sachsenross, Niedersachsenross, Welfenross, Westfalenpferd; Dutch: Twentse Ros, Saksische ros, Saksische paard; Low German: Witte Peerd) is a heraldic motif associated with the German provinces of Lower Saxony and Westphalia, and the Dutch region of Twente.
Carys Roberts
Carys Roberts is a British economist and civil society leader, working as the executive director of the Institute for Public Policy Research progressive think tank since 2020.

Roberts read PPE at Oxford, and then for an MSc in social policy research from the London School of Economics, and worked for the Social Mobility Foundation, the Royal Society of Arts, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, and other places before joining the IPPR in 2015 as Senior Economist, promoted to Chief Economist in 2019 and to executive director the next year, replacing Tom Kibasi.

Roberts has been named by the New Statesman as the forty-sixth most powerful person in British left-wing politics. She was named one of the 100 most influential women in the UK by The House in 2020, and again in their updated list in 2024.

Institute for Fiscal Studies
The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is an independent economic research institute based in London, United Kingdom, which specialises in UK taxation and public policy. It produces both academic and policy-related findings.

The institute's stated aim is "to provide top quality economic analysis independent of government, political party or any other vested interest. Our goal is to promote effective economic and social policies by understanding better their impact on individuals, families, businesses and the government's finances."

Its offices are in the Bloomsbury area of Central London close to the British Museum and University College London.
Australian Liberal Party (1926)
The Australian Liberal Party, also known as the Progressive Liberals, was an Australian political party that operated in the state of Victoria in the late 1920s.

The party was founded in 1926 in preparation for the 1927 state election. It believed that the Nationalist Party had abandoned liberal principles. An urban-based party, it opposed the rural malapportionment that existed in the Victorian Legislative Assembly at the time. At the election, the party succeeded in electing two of its candidates, Frederick Forrest in Caulfield and Burnett Gray in St Kilda. They were both re-elected in 1929 after withstanding strong challenges from the Nationalists. Forrest died in 1930 and Gray lost his seat in 1932, and the party subsequently faded away.

Electoral district of St Kilda
The Electoral district of St Kilda was one of the inaugural electoral districts of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, abolished on 2 October 1992.

St Kilda was one of the initial districts created in the first Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856. It included an area south of the Yarra River and the then villages of St Kilda and Elsternwick.
Hvem er hvem?
Hvem er hvem? (English: Who is Who?) was a Norwegian book series, presenting facts about notable persons from Norway. The first edition was issued in 1912, and the 14th edition came in 1994. From 1938, the plan was to publish such a book every three years, but the Second World War made that impossible. At the time, such a book was published annually in Denmark and every two years in Sweden. In the 2008 edition, edited by Knut Olav Åmås, one thousand persons were selected for presentation. About one third of the articles are longer, signed biographies, while the rest have a shorter, more encyclopedic format.

The latest edition was edited by Knut Olav Åmås and narrowed down to 1,000 people. This differs from the older ones in style in that the articles are in a more journalistic style with personal characteristics, in addition to the purely biographical year information. About 340 of the 1,000 biographies also have signed authors.

Book series
A book series, or a novel series, is a sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group. Book series can be organized in different ways, such as written by the same author, or marketed as a group by their publisher.
Maddison Project
The Maddison Project, also known as the Maddison Historical Statistics Project, is a project to collate historical economic statistics, such as GDP, GDP per capita, and labor productivity.

It was launched in March 2010 to continue the work of the late economic historian Angus Maddison. The project is under the Groningen Growth and Development Centre at the University of Groningen, which also hosts the Penn World Table, another economic statistics project.

University of Groningen
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is the second oldest in the country (after Leiden).

The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175-degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, four Nobel Prize winners, nine Spinoza Prize winners, one Stevin Prize winner, various members of the Dutch royal family, several politicians, the first president of the European Central Bank, and a secretary general of NATO.
John Alexander Low Waddell
Dr. John Alexander Low Waddell (January 15, 1854 – March 3, 1938, often shortened to J.A.L. Waddell and sometimes known as John Alexander Waddell) was a Canadian-American civil engineer and prolific bridge designer, with more than a thousand structures to his credit. Most of these were in the United States and Canada, with some in Mexico, Russia, China, Japan, and New Zealand. Waddell’s work set standards for elevated railroad systems and helped develop materials suitable for large span bridges. His most important contribution was the development of the steam-powered high-lift bridge.  Waddell was a widely respected writer on bridge design and engineering theory, as well as an advocate for quality in higher education engineering programs. The company he founded in 1887, 'J.A.L. Waddell, Consulting Engineer,' would eventually become the modern day Hardesty & Hanover, a leading moveable bridge engineering firm.  Many of Waddell's surviving bridges are now considered historic landmarks.

Nanjing University
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing and Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.

Nanjing University has four campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing, the Pukou campus in the Pukou District of Nanjing, and the Suzhou campus in the city of Suzhou.
Henry Charles Brace
Henry Charles Brace (March 23, 1823 – August 25, 1895) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Brace was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Other positions Brace held include chairman of the Town Board of Supervisors of Fountain Prairie, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.

Brace died in Harvey, Illinois and was buried in Fall River, Wisconsin.

Harvey, Illinois
Harvey is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 20,324 at the 2020 census.

Harvey is bordered by the villages of Dixmoor and Riverdale to the north; Dolton, Phoenix, and South Holland to the east; East Hazel Crest to the south; and Hazel Crest, Markham and Posen to the west.
1990 ATP Tour World Championships – Doubles
Guy Forget and Jakob Hlasek defeated Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–5), 5–7, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 1990 ATP Tour World Championships.

Jim Grabb and Patrick McEnroe were the reigning champions, but did not compete this year.

Emilio Sánchez
Emilio Ángel Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmiljo ˈaŋxel ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 29 May 1965) is a Spanish former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. He won five Grand Slam doubles titles and the men's doubles silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games. Sánchez is the elder brother of multiple Grand Slam winner Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, with whom he partnered to win the Hopman Cup in 1990. After retiring, he captained Spain to Davis Cup victory in 2008.
Dieupentale
Dieupentale (French pronunciation: [djøpɛ̃tal]; Occitan: Diupentala) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Dieupentale station has rail connections to Toulouse, Montauban and Brive-la-Gaillarde.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Mario Sixtus
Mario Sixtus is a German journalist, filmmaker and screenwriter. His work focuses on current developments of the internet, internet culture and politics. Sixtus writes for nationwide newspapers that include Die Zeit, Focus, Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, and Handelsblatt.

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.
Cedar River Railroad
The Cedar River Railroad (reporting mark CEDR) is a shortline subsidiary of the Canadian National Railway that operates on former Illinois Central Gulf Railroad trackage. In 1991, the railroad was formed as a reorganization of the bankrupt Cedar Valley Railroad, which had begun operations in 1984. It was owned by the Chicago Central and Pacific Railroad, itself an ICG spin-off that was reacquired by the successor Illinois Central Railroad in 1996.

The railroad has connections with the Union Pacific Railroad in Glenville, Minnesota, Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad in Charles City, Iowa and Lyle, Minnesota, and Chicago Central and Pacific Railroad at Waterloo, Iowa.

Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad
The Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad (IC&E) (reporting mark ICE) was a Class II railroad operating in the north central United States. It has been controlled by the Canadian Pacific Railway and operated as a part of its system since October 30, 2008. Formerly, the IC&E was jointly owned with the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad by Cedar American Rail Holdings (CARH), making the combined system the largest class II railroad in the United States. Created by the purchase of I&M Rail Link, IC&E commenced operations on July 30, 2002. The 1,400-mile (2,300 km) line, based in Davenport, Iowa, serves the states of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Principal commodities include chemicals, coal, steel, automobiles, and agricultural products. Train dispatching is performed at a joint DM&E/IC&E facility in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. On December 26, 2008, the IC&E was merged into parent CARH, which immediately merged into the DM&E.
Crisis (journal)
Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering suicidology, the study of suicide. It was established in 1980 and is published by Hogrefe Publishing under the auspices of the International Association for Suicide Prevention. The editor-in-chief is Thomas Niederkrotenthaler (Medical University Vienna). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 1.7.

Suicidology
Suicidology is the scientific study of suicidal behaviour, the causes of suicidality and suicide prevention. Every year, about one million people die by suicide, which is a mortality rate of sixteen per 100,000 or one death every forty seconds. Suicidologists believe that suicide is largely preventable with the right actions, knowledge about suicide, and a change in society's view of suicide to make it more acceptable to talk about suicide. Suicidology draws from many fields of social science, primarily psychology and sociology but also medicine, philosophy and public health.
Structure of the British Army in 1939
In September 1939, the British Army was in process of expanding their anti-aircraft and mobile (including armoured) assets. Among these new changes was the formation of Anti-Aircraft Command which was formed on 1 April 1939, and the 1st Armoured Division formed in 1937. The list below will include the British Army units, colonial units, and those units which were in the process of formation.

The list includes units which were in the process of formation, cadre sized, or had no units attached.  Also included are Territorial Army (TA) and Supplementary Reserve (SR) units.

Bulford Camp
Bulford Camp is a military camp on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. Established in 1897, the site continues in use as a large British Army base. The camp is close to the village of Bulford and is about 2+1⁄4 miles (3.6 km) north-east of the town of Amesbury. The camp forms part of the Tidworth, Netheravon and Bulford (TidNBul) Garrison.
Mary-Ellen B. Taplin
Mary-Ellen Taplin (born 1960), is a research oncologist at Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Harvard's Longwood Medical and Academic Area.

Taplin is Institute Physician and Director of Clinical Research for the Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology at Dana Farber Cancer Institute and at the Brigham and Women's Hospital’s Cancer Center.  At the Harvard Medical School, also in the Longwood Medical Area, she is Professor of Medicine.  She has been an investigator on many projects, including the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Consortium, Dana-Farber SPORE grant, Stand Up 2 Cancer, and several Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Grants.

At the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, she chairs the Executive Committee for Clinical Research, and is Director of Clinical Research at the Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Grant County Courthouse District
The Grant County Courthouse District in Ulysses, Kansas is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

The Grant County Courthouse is a four-story Art Deco-style building constructed during 1929-30.

It was designed by architects Smith and English of Hutchinson, Kansas, and it was built by contractor J.M. Fuller.
The district also includes a four-story addition that extended the building, and a connected jail annex.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.  It was deemed significant for politics/government association and for its architecture:  the courthouse is one of few Art Deco-style courthouses in Kansas.

Ulysses, Kansas
Ulysses (pronounced /juːˈlɪsɪs/) is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Kansas, United States.  It is named after Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th President of the United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,788.
Sherrill's Inn
Sherrill's Inn is a historic home located near Fairview, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is a four bay by two bay, log house of the saddle-bag variety which has been raised to two stories and weatherboarded.  Attached to it is an originally separate two-story, log building, two bays wide and two bays deep.  Also on the property are a contributing stone spring house and log meathouse.  The building was built about 1845, and used as an inn throughout much of the 19th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Nothophaeocryptopus
Nothophaeocryptopus is a genus of fungi which inhabits conifer needles, in the family Mycosphaerellaceae. It includes the important pathogen Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii which infects Douglas-fir trees causing the disease known as Swiss needle cast.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".