hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Krameria
Krameria is the only genus in the family Krameriaceae, of which any of the approximately 17–18 species. The genus is named after the Austrian botanist Johann Georg Heinrich Kramer (1684-1744).

The species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried root of para rhatany (Krameria argentea) or Peruvian rhatany (Krameria lappacea).

The biological action of rhatany is caused by the astringent rhataniatannic acid, which is similar to tannic acid. Infusions have been used as a gargle, a lozenge, especially when mixed with cocaine, as a local hemostatic and remedy for diarrhea. When finely powdered, the dried roots furnished a frequent constituent of tooth powders. The powdered roots have also served, especially in Portugal, to color wines ruby red. The root bark contains an almost insoluble free red substance called ratanhia red.

Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate, producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.

Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.

In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.
Desert horned lizard
The desert horned lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos) is a species of phrynosomatid lizard native to western North America. They are often referred to as "horny toads", although they are not toads, but lizards.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen
Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen (German: Johann Bernhard Graf von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen) (17 July 1806 – 26 February 1899) was an Austrian statesman and a member of an old Swabian House of Rechberg.

Rechberg
The House of Rechberg is an old noble comital family in Swabia during the Holy Roman Empire period. They were sovereign counts of Rechberg and Rothenlöwen. As a mediatized house (mediatized by Württemberg in 1806), the family belonged to high nobility.
German Physical Society
The German Physical Society (German: Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, DPG) is the oldest organisation of physicists. DPG's 2025 worldwide membership is cited as 50,668, with a peak of 63,012 in 2014. It holds an annual conference (Jahrestagung) and multiple spring conferences (Frühjahrstagungen), which are held at various locations and along topical subjects of given sections of the DPG.
The DPG concerns the fields of pure and applied physics and aims to foster connections among German physicists, as well as the exchange of ideas between its members and foreign colleagues. The bylaws of the DPG commit the organization and its members to maintain scientific integrity and ethics, including freedom, tolerance, truthfulness, and dignity in scientific work, as well as the promotion of gender equality in the fields of physics and related sciences.

Applied physics
Applied physics is the application of physics to solve scientific or engineering problems. It is usually considered a bridge or a connection between physics and engineering.
"Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems and with the application of physics in other areas of science and high technology.
Gates Airport
Gates Airport (FAA LID: 7D8) is a public use airport in Geauga County, Ohio, United States. It is located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) north of the central business district of Garrettsville, a village in Portage County, Ohio. The airport is privately owned by the Cleveland Parachute Center and managed by Robert Gates.

Geauga County, Ohio
Geauga County (/dʒiˈɔːɡə/ jee-AW-gə) is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,397. The county seat and largest city is Chardon.

The county is named for an Onondaga or Seneca language word meaning "raccoon", originally the name of the Grand River.

Geauga County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Geauga County as the fourth best place in the United States to raise a family.

About 20% of the counties area (Geauga, Trumbull, Ashtabula and Portage) population is Amish, as of 2017.
Le François 1st Canton Nord
Le François 1st Canton Nord is a former canton in the Arrondissement of Le Marin on Martinique. It had 10,051 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded in 2015. The canton comprised part of the commune of Le François.

Arrondissement of Le Marin
The arrondissement of Le Marin (French: arrondissement du Marin) is an arrondissement in the French overseas region of Martinique. It has 12 communes. Its population is 115,068 (2021), and its area is 409.1 km2 (158.0 sq mi).
Budelli
Budelli is an island in the Maddalena archipelago, near the strait of Bonifacio in northern Sardinia, Italy. It is one of the seven islands that comprise Arcipelago di La Maddalena National Park. Budelli beach is famous for the color of its sand, which is pink due to the presence of shell fragments of a protozoan, Miniacina miniacea.

Strait of Bonifacio
The Strait of Bonifacio (French: Bouches de Bonifacio; Italian: Bocche di Bonifacio; Corsican: Bucchi di Bunifaziu; Gallurese: Bocchi di Bunifaciu; Sardinian: Buccas de Bonifatziu; Ligurian: Bocche de Bunifazziu; Latin: Fretum Gallicum, Fretum Taphros) is the strait which connects the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. It is named after the Corsican town Bonifacio, the most southerly on the island, which was in turn named after Boniface I, Margrave of Tuscany, who founded a citadel in its location circa 828AD.
Chain Reaction (Cuban Link album)
Chain Reaction is the second studio album and official debut by Cuban-American rapper Cuban Link. It was released on August 16, 2005 via M.O.B. Records through a joint venture with Universal. Production was handled by Big Humma, Swizz Beatz, Falling Down, Kon Artis, SPK and Tiger, with co-producers Big Menz, Eliel and Ken Lewis. It features guest appearances from Avant, Cap.1, Don Omar, Jadakiss, Mýa, Syleena Johnson, Zion and One Solo.

In the United States, the album debuted at number 188 on the Billboard 200, number 44 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 8 on the Heatseekers Albums charts.

The album came after his major-label studio album project 24K was shelved in 2000. Chain Reaction was packaged as an enhanced CD with music videos, pictures and a teaser to his future DVD release Tale from the Bronx.

Enhanced CD
Enhanced CD is a certification mark of the Recording Industry Association of America for various technologies that combine audio and computer data for use in both CD-Audio and CD-ROM players.

Formats that fall under the enhanced CD category include mixed mode CD (Yellow Book CD-ROM/Red Book CD-DA), CD-i, CD-i Ready, and CD-Extra/CD-Plus (Blue Book, also called simply Enhanced Music CD or E-CD).
Edgardo Rotman
Edgardo Rotman is an international lecturer and author. He has done research and taught at the University of Buenos Aires, the University of El Salvador (in Buenos Aires), Boston University, the University of Miami, the Max-Planck Institute for Criminal Law in Germany, and Harvard Law. He represents the United States at the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation, where he has been a voting member of the Council since 1996.

International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation
The International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation (IPPF; French: Fondation internationale pénale et pénitentiaire, FIPP)  is an international organisation with quasi-governmental status.  It promotes studies on crime-prevention and treatment of offenders, focussing on research, publications and teaching.  It has been approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations and holds consultative status at the United Nations and the Council of Europe.
Susurluk
Susurluk is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 652 km2, and its population is 37,724 (2022). It is famous for its production of soap and dairy products. 
The highway from Istanbul to İzmir passes through Susurluk. In Turkey Susurluk is known for its 'tost' (susurluk tostu) - a toasted cheese sandwich with tomato paste, and for its foamy ayran. The mayor is Hakan Yıldırım Semizel (CHP).

Ayran
Ayran (/aɪˈrɑːn/ eye-run)  is a cold savory yogurt-based beverage that is consumed across Central Asia, the Balkans, and the Middle East. The principal ingredients are yogurt, water and salt. Herbs such as mint may be optionally added. Some varieties are carbonated. It is a national drink of Turkey.
Rangnath Dol
Rangnath Dol is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva on the bank of Joysagar Tank. It was built in 1703 by Sukhrungphaa near the main gateway on the way from the Joysagar tank to the Talatal Ghar. Large numbers of devotees continue to visit and offer puja in this temple. The sanctum of the temple enshrines a lingam. A do-chala mandapa is attached to the sanctum.

Talatal Ghar
The Talatal Ghar [tɔlatɔl ɡʱɔɹ]) is an 18th-century palace and military base located in Rangpur, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from present-day Sivasagar, Assam, India. It is the largest of the monument built during the Ahom era. King Rudra Singha was responsible for the construction of Kareng Ghar, but the present structure was built by king Rajeswar Singha (Surempha). It was initially built as an army base. It had 2 tunnels and 3 underground floors. Currently this structure is in dilapidated condition, the present ruins betray the grandeur that the palace was once endowed with.
Luis Eduardo Montealegre
Luis Eduardo Montealegre (born October 14, 1957) is a Colombian lawyer, jurist, professor and politician who served as a Magistrate of the Constitutional Court from 2001 to 2004 and later Attorney General of Colombia from 2012 to 2016, being nominated by President Juan Manuel Santos. In 2025, he was nominated by President Gustavo Petro to serve as Minister of Justice and Law, succeeding Ángela María Buitrago.

Born in Ibague, Tolima, Montealegre graduated from the Externado University and later earned a postgraduate degree in law from the University of Bonn and a master's degree in criminal law from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Alrifai
Al Rifai is a Lebanese snack food company headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon. The company has 40 percent nuts market share in Lebanon and is the largest snacking nut retailer in the Middle East. Since 1996, Al Rifai has focused on international expansion while its Middle East business was franchised to Kuwait-based Kout Food Group.

Nut (food)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts. In a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. The general and original usage of the term is less restrictive, and many nuts (in the culinary sense), such as almonds, pistachios, and Brazil nuts, are not nuts in a botanical sense. Common usage of the term often refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut. Nuts are an energy-dense and nutrient-rich food source.
Jared Wiley
Jared Wiley (born November 2, 2000) is an American professional football tight end for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and TCU Horned Frogs and was selected by the Chiefs in the fourth round of the 2024 NFL draft.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
Asian Americans in San Francisco
Asian Americans in San Francisco can refer to:

History of Chinese Americans in San Francisco

History of Japanese Americans in San Francisco

Indian-Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area

Taiwanese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area

Indian Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area
The San Francisco Bay Area has the second-largest Indian-American population in the United States after the New York metropolitan area. The Bay Area Asian Indian population is primarily concentrated in the Santa Clara Valley, with San Jose having the highest population of Asian Indians in raw numbers as 2010, while Cupertino, Dublin, Fremont, Pleasanton and San Ramon have the largest concentrations. The South Bay-based 17th congressional district, represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna has the largest Asian Indian population of any congressional district in the United States. In 2010, Indian-Americans were the fastest growing minority population in the Bay Area. The Indian population in the city of San Francisco itself is still small compared to other Asian groups, but grew by 109% during the 2010s.
Baker Center (Austin, Texas)
The Baker Center, previously the Baker School, Baker Junior High School, and W. R. Robbins High School, is an historic building in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Austin, Texas. It has been, in sequential order, an elementary school, a middle school, an alternative high school, and an administrative building for Austin ISD. In 2018, the Baker Center was bought by Tim and Karrie League, founders of Alamo Drafthouse, and it is now a property they rent to tenants.

It has been used as a filming location for the TV shows Friday Night Lights and Walker, and the movie Lousy Carter.

As of October 27, 2023, the Baker Center is on the National Register of Historic Places for its significance in educational and architectural history.

Walker (TV series)
Walker is an American action crime drama television series developed by Anna Fricke for The CW. It is a reboot of the 1990s western drama television series Walker, Texas Ranger. The series was ordered straight to series in 2020, with Jared Padalecki portraying the title role and serving as an executive producer. It premiered on January 21, 2021.

In February 2021, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on October 28, 2021. In March 2022, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on October 6, 2022. In May 2023, the series was renewed for a fourth season which premiered on April 3, 2024. In May 2024, the series was canceled after four seasons, and its final episode aired on June 26, 2024.
Michael Brodie (rugby league)
Michael "Mike" Brodie (birth WGC), also known by the nickname of "Dandy" or "Badger", is an Irish rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level in the Irish Elite League for the Treaty City Titans (in Limerick).

Ireland national rugby league team
The Ireland men's national rugby league team, known as the Wolfhounds, is organised by Rugby League Ireland and represents the entire isle of Ireland in international rugby league. The representative team is composed largely of players of Irish descent who compete in the Super League as well as the Australasian National Rugby League. Ireland is also represented by an Ireland A side, which is made up of players from the Irish domestic competition.

Since Ireland began competing in international rugby league in 1995, it has participated in the 1995 Rugby League Emerging Nations Tournament, the 1996 Super League World Nines, and five Rugby League World Cups – 2000, 2008, 2013, 2017 and 2021. They have also competed in the Rugby League European Nations Cup.

Although, the island of Ireland is separate from the island of Great Britain, Irish players such as Cork-born Brian Carney have in the past been selected to play for the Great Britain side.
Rodovia Raposo Tavares
Rodovia Raposo Tavares (official designation SP-270) is the longest highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 654 km (406 mi). It was opened in 1937.

The highway starts in the city of São Paulo and continues westward, serving the main cities of Osasco, Cotia, Vargem Grande Paulista, São Roque, Sorocaba, Itapetininga, Angatuba, Ourinhos, Assis, Presidente Prudente, Presidente Bernardes, Presidente Venceslau and Presidente Epitácio, at the shores of the Paraná River, by the border with Mato Grosso do Sul. It receives the Castelo Branco Highway at Ourinhos.
The highway was named in honour of António Raposo Tavares, one of the leading bandeirantes (explorers of the backlands in the 16th and 17th centuries). It is managed and maintained in its first 120 km (75 mi) by a state concession to private company ViaOeste, and this section requires a toll. The remainder of the highway is maintained by the State of São Paulo's Department of Roads (DER).

Presidente Venceslau
Presidente Venceslau is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 39,583 (2020 est.) in an area of 755 km2. The elevation is 422 m. The municipality was named after Venceslau Brás, former president of Brazil.

The municipality contains part of the 7,720 hectares (19,100 acres) Rio do Peixe State Park, created in 2002.
Théophile Bruguier
Theophile Bruguier (August 31, 1813 – February 18, 1896) was a French-Canadian fur trader with the American Fur Company.  Bruguier is credited as being the first white settler of what would become Sioux City, Iowa.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Caroline Casey (activist)
Caroline Casey (born 20 October 1971) is an Irish activist and management consultant. She is legally blind due to ocular albinism.  In 2000, aged 28, she left her job in Accenture to launch the Aisling Foundation, with an aim to improve how disability is treated. In 2001, she trekked across India, solo, on elephant back for c.1,000 km, raising €250k for The National Council for the Blind of Ireland and Sightsavers. Casey became the first female mahout from the west. The journey was the subject of a National Geographic documentary Elephant Vision and a TED Talk.

National Council for the Blind of Ireland
The National Council for the Blind of Ireland (NCBI), in Drumcondra, Dublin, is a charitable organisation which provides support and services to people experiencing sight loss in Ireland

Established in 1931 by Alice Stanley Armitage among others to promote the full independence of people who are blind or vision impaired the NCBI now employs over 160 staff and many volunteers, providing services to more than 55,000 people.
2006 Salford City Council election
The 2006 Salford City Council election took place on 4 May 2006 to elect members of Salford City Council in England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council. Overall turnout was 28.1%.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Salford City Council
Salford City Council is the local authority for the City of Salford, a metropolitan borough with city status in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the metropolitan borough was created in 1974. Since 2012 the council has been led by the directly elected Mayor of Salford, which post has been held by Paul Dennett of the Labour Party since 2016. The council is based at Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.
Lutz Templin
Ludwig "Lutz" Templin (June 18, 1901 - March 7, 1973) was a German jazz bandleader.

Born in Düsseldorf, Templin played violin and saxophone, and studied composition, before finding work playing and arranging in dance ensembles. From 1941 to 1949, he led a big band in Germany, which recorded extensively and was broadcast on German radio. This ensemble also recorded as Charlie and his Orchestra, performing arrangements of American jazz hits with propagandistic lyrics inserted; these were broadcast on Nazi radio stations.

Templin's ensemble operated out of Berlin until 1943, when Allied bombing resulted in their relocation to Stuttgart. Templin remained in Stuttgart after the war, and continued performing there for most of the rest of his life. He died in Stuttgart, West Germany in 1973, aged 71.

Charlie and his Orchestra
Charlie and his Orchestra (also referred to as the "Templin band" and "Bruno and His Swinging Tigers") were a Nazi-sponsored German propaganda swing band. Jazz music styles were seen by Nazi authorities as rebellious but, ironically, propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels conceived of using the style in shortwave radio broadcasts aimed initially at the United Kingdom, and later the United States, after the German declaration of war on 11 December 1941.

British listeners heard the band every Wednesday and Saturday at about 9 pm.  The importance of the band in the propaganda war was underscored by a BBC survey released after World War II, which indicated that 26.5 percent of all British listeners had at some point heard programs from Germany.  The German Propaganda Ministry also distributed their music on 78 rpm records to POW camps and occupied countries.