hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Very Best of TLC: Crazy Sexy Hits
The Very Best of TLC: Crazy Sexy Hits (released digitally as The Best of TLC) is the second greatest hits album by American girl group TLC. It was released exclusively in the United Kingdom on August 20, 2007, by Sony BMG. Having a similar track listing to that of the group's first compilation, Now & Forever: The Hits (2003), the album contains TLC's most successful singles from four of their studio albums, which have been credited to many of the group's producers such as Dallas Austin and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds.

The album received mostly positive reaction from music critics, with many expressing admiration for the compilation. However, the album was a commercial disappointment, peaking at number 57 on the UK Albums Chart. This position, however, was higher than Now & Forever: The Hits's performance in the past. In 2013, the album, along with most of their other compilations, were removed from the iTunes Store after the release of their latest greatest hits collection 20.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Kitimat River
The Kitimat River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originates in the Kitimat Ranges, near the sources of the Dala River, Kemano River, Atna River, and Clore River. It flows in a curve north, then west, then south, emptying into Kitimat Arm at the head of Douglas Channel, at the town of Kitimat.

The river is named after the original First Nations inhabitants of the river valley, the Gitamaat, which means "People of the Falling Snow" in the Tsimshian language. The Gitamaat people themselves are not Tsimshian but Haisla. Today the Haisla Nation is centered on Kitamaat Village, near the mouth of the Kitimat River.

Tsimshianic languages
The Tsimshianic languages are a family of languages spoken in northwestern British Columbia and in Southeast Alaska on Annette Island and Ketchikan. All Tsimshianic languages are endangered, some with only around 400 speakers. Only around 2,170 people of the ethnic Tsimshian /ˈsɪmʃiən/ population in Canada still speak a Tsimshian language; about 50 of the 1,300 Tsimshian people living in Alaska still speak Coast Tsimshian. Tsimshianic languages are considered by most linguists to be an independent language family, with four main languages: Coast Tsimshian, Southern Tsimshian, Nisg̱a’a, and Gitksan.

The Tsimshianic languages were included by Edward Sapir in his Penutian hypothesis, which is currently not widely accepted, at least in its full form. The Penutian connections of Tsimshianic have been reevaluated by Marie-Lucie Tarpent, who finds the idea probable, though others hold that the Tsimshianic family is not closely related to any other North American language.
2016 Salford City Council election
The 2016 Salford City Council election took place on 5 May 2016 to elect members of Salford City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections and the Salford Mayoral election. In April 2016, it was revealed that the Liberal Democrats would not be fielding any candidates in Salford.

This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:

Salford City Council
Salford City Council is the local authority for the City of Salford, a metropolitan borough with city status in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the metropolitan borough was created in 1974. Since 2012 the council has been led by the directly elected Mayor of Salford, which post has been held by Paul Dennett of the Labour Party since 2016. The council is based at Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.
International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium
The International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) is an international research initiative based in Oxford, England. It is hosted at the Nuffield Department of Medicine within the University of Oxford and led by the Epidemic diseases Research Group Oxford (ERGO). ISARIC is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and Wellcome Trust.

Old Road Campus
The Old Road Campus is a University of Oxford site south of Old Road, in Headington, east Oxford, England. The Churchill Hospital, a teaching hospital managed by the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, is to the south.
Pamela Chasek
Pamela S. Chasek (born 1961) is a professor in the Department of Political Science at Manhattan University (formerly Manhattan College), and editor of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin. She was an adjunct professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs from 1996-2000. She is widely published on the topic of international environmental policy.

Manhattan University
Manhattan University (previously Manhattan College) is a private, Catholic university in New York City, New York, US. Originally established in 1853 by the De La Salle Christian Brothers (Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools) as an academy for day students, it was later incorporated as an institution of higher education through a charter granted by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1922, it moved from Manhattan to the Riverdale section of the Bronx, roughly 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of its original location on 131st Street in Manhattanville.
Schloss Holsthum
Schloss Holsthum, also called Herrenhaus Laeis, is a manor house in the municipality of Holsthum in the county of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is a cultural monument and listed building.

The present manor house is a building with eight axes of symmetry with rendered walls, a slate-covered half-hipped mansard roof. It was built in 1789 by officiant (Herrschaftsverwalter or manager of a noble estate), Johann Dominik Laeis, and his son, Matthias Dominik Laeis, by permission of the baroness, Maria Theresia of Eltz-Rodendorf. In the 15th century, the family of Nickenich lived at Holsthum, from 1496 the Burscheid line of the lords of Metternich. From 1753 the Freiherr, Schenk von Schmidtburg, was the owner of the Holsthum estate.

The house was given a careful renovation in 2010.

Burscheid
Burscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊʁʃaɪt]) is a town in the Rheinisch-Bergischer district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town is known for its sub-communities (somewhat equivalent to the American concept of neighborhoods) and the town centre with its marketplace and churches.
Lionspeed GP
Lionspeed GP is a German sports car racing team established in 2019 by drivers José Garcia and Patrick Kolb. Based in Bad Homburg, Hesse, Germany, the team currently compete in the 24H Series, GT World Challenge Europe, and Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie. Lionspeed previously raced with operational support from other racing teams, before becoming a fully independent squad in 2024.

The team are former class winners in the Nürburgring 24 Hours, winning the SP9 Pro-Am class in 2020 and 2024.

Bad Homburg
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhɔmbʊʁk foːɐ̯ deːɐ̯ ˈhøːə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Homburg before the Height') is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains. Bad Homburg is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. The town's official name is Bad Homburg v.d.Höhe, which distinguishes it from other places named Homburg.

The town has become best known for its mineral springs and spa (hence the prefix Bad, meaning "bath"), and for its casino.

As of 2004, the town used the marketing slogan Champagnerluft und Tradition (Champagne air and tradition).

As of 2021, Bad Homburg was one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (while the Hochtaunuskreis itself and the Landkreis Starnberg in Bavaria regularly vie for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany).
Castaway
A castaway is a person who is cast adrift or ashore. While the situation usually happens after a shipwreck, some people voluntarily stay behind on a desert island, either to evade captors or the world in general. A person may also be left ashore as punishment (marooned).

The provisions and resources available to castaways may allow them to live on the island until other people arrive to take them off the island. However, such rescue missions may never happen if the person is not known to still be alive, if the fact that they are missing is unknown, or if the island is not mapped. These scenarios have given rise to the plots of numerous stories in the form of novels and film.

Island of the Blue Dolphins
Island of the Blue Dolphins is a 1960 children's novel by American author Scott O'Dell, which tells the story of a girl named Karana, who is stranded alone for years on an island off the California coast. It is based on the true story of Juana Maria, a Nicoleño Native American left alone for 18 years on San Nicolas Island during the nineteenth century.

Island of the Blue Dolphins won the Newbery Medal in 1961. It was adapted into a film of the same name three years later. O'Dell later wrote a sequel, Zia, published in 1976. Island of the Blue Dolphins has been the subject of much literary and pedagogical scholarship related to survival, feminism, the resilience of Indigenous peoples, and beyond.
Boulby line
The Boulby line is a freight-only railway line in Redcar and Cleveland, England. The line was opened in stages between 1865 and 1882, being part of two railways that met at Brotton railway station. Passenger trains along the line ceased in 1960, and since then it has been a freight-only line dedicated to the potash and polyhalite traffic from Boulby, and steel products into Skinningrove Steelworks.

Middlesbrough railway station
Middlesbrough is a railway station on the Durham Coast, Esk Valley and Tees Valley lines. The station serves the town of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by TransPennine Express. Direct destinations include Darlington, Redcar Central, Saltburn, Sunderland, Newcastle, York and Manchester Airport. There is also direct service to London Kings Cross once per weekday.

According to the Office of Rail and Road statistics, Middlesbrough station is the fourth busiest in the North East region, with 1,466,884 total entries and exits (2023–24 period).
Mattia Cattaneo
Mattia Cattaneo (born 25 October 1990) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Soudal–Quick-Step. As an amateur, Cattaneo won the Girobio in 2011 for the U.C. Trevigiani–Dynamon–Bottoli team. Professional since 2013, he took his first pro win on stage 3 of the 2017 Tour La Provence. In 2019, he won the Giro dell'Appennino one-day race. A strong time trialist, he won the stage four time trial of the 2021 Tour de Luxembourg and the six time trial of the 2023 Tour de Pologne.

Giro dell'Appennino
The Giro dell'Appennino is a semi classic European bicycle race held in the Apennine Mountains, Italy. Since 2005, the race has been organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

Famous riders like Fausto Coppi, Francesco Moser, Felice Gimondi, Gianni Bugno and Gilberto Simoni have won the race.
York—Peel
York—Peel was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Peel—Dufferin—Simcoe, York North and York—Simcoe ridings. It was represented in the House of Commons by Sinclair Stevens of the Progressive Conservative Party during its whole existence.

York—Peel consisted of the Town of Caledon in Peel Region, and the Townships of East Gwillimbury and King and the Towns of Aurora, Newmarket and Whitchurch–Stouffville in York Region.

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was re-distributed between Halton—Peel, Markham, York North and York—Simcoe ridings.

East Gwillimbury
East Gwillimbury is a town (lower-tier municipality) on the East Holland River in the upper-tier municipality the Regional Municipality of York. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, in Canada. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township. The main centres in East Gwillimbury are the villages of Holland Landing, Queensville, Sharon, and Mount Albert. The Civic Centre (municipal offices) are located along Leslie Street in Sharon. The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury, just south of Ravenshoe Road. The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits.

East Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim, wife of Sir John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.
Taikonyr
Taikonyr (Kazakh: Тайқоңыр; Russian: Тайконур) is a salt lake in the Aktogay District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies  37 kilometers (23 mi) to the SSW of Aktogay, the district capital, and 45 kilometers (28 mi) to the west of Zhanatap village. Taikonyr has economic importance, there is commercial extraction of salt at the lake. Part of the salt is exported to the Russian Federation.

Aqtogai District, Pavlodar Region
Aqtogai (Kazakh: Ақтоғай ауданы, Aqtoğai audany) is a district of Pavlodar Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Aqtogay. Population: 13,735 (2013 estimate); 15,114 (2009 census results); 21,056 (1999 census results).
M2 proton channel
The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective viroporin, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus. The channel itself is a homotetramer (consists of four identical M2 units), where the units are helices stabilized by two disulfide bonds, and is activated by low pH. The M2 protein is encoded on the seventh RNA segment together with the M1 protein. Proton conductance by the M2 protein in influenza A is essential for viral replication.

Influenza B and C viruses encode proteins with similar function dubbed "BM2" and "CM2" respectively. They share little similarity with M2 at the sequence level, despite a similar overall structure and mechanism.

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.
Arthur A. Denny
Arthur Armstrong Denny (June 20, 1822 – January 9, 1899) was an American politician and businessman who is regarded as one of the founders of Seattle, Washington. He founded the Denny Party, and was later the city's wealthiest citizen. He was a 9-term member of the territorial legislature. Seattle's former Denny Hill was named after him; it was flattened in a series of regrading projects and its former site is now known as the Denny Regrade. The city's Denny Way, however, is named not after Arthur Denny, but after his younger brother David Denny.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
Shannon Finn
Shannon Finn (born January 25, 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the International Hockey League and American Hockey League.  He also played for the Minnesota Moose, Peoria Rivermen, Fort Wayne Komets, Utah Grizzlies, Milwaukee Admirals, Hershey Bears, Houston Aeros, and Detroit Vipers. He was drafted in the 1993 NHL Supplemental Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers. 
He is the son of former NHL linesman Ron Finn.

Peoria Rivermen (IHL)
The Peoria Rivermen were an ice hockey team that played in the International Hockey League. They played in Peoria, Illinois at the Carver Arena.  A new team with the Peoria Rivermen name currently competes in the Southern Professional Hockey League.
Type A Cipher Machine
In the history of cryptography, 91-shiki ōbun injiki (九一式欧文印字機; "System 91 Typewriter for European Characters") or Angōki Taipu-A (暗号機 タイプA; Type A Cipher Machine), codenamed Red by the United States, was a diplomatic cryptographic machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office before and during World War II. A relatively simple device, it was quickly broken by western cryptographers. The Red cipher was succeeded by the Type B "Purple" machine (九七式印字機, 97-shiki ōbun injiki; "System 97 Typewriter for European Characters") which used some of the same principles. Parallel usage of the two systems assisted in the breaking of the Purple system.

The Red cipher should not be confused with the Red naval code, which was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy between the wars. The latter was a codebook system, not a cipher.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese: 外務省, Hepburn: Gaimu-shō) is an executive department of the Government of Japan, and is responsible for the country's foreign policy and international relations.

The ministry was established by the second term of the third article of the National Government Organization Act, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act. According to the law, the mission of the ministry is "to aim at improvement of the profits of Japan and Japanese nationals, while contributing to maintenance of peaceful and safe international society, and, through an active and eager measure, both to implement good international environment and to keep and develop harmonic foreign relationships".
Berck-Plage - Paris-Plage line
The Berck-Plage - Paris-Plage line (subsequently designated Le Touquet-Paris-Plage) constituted a narrow-gauge local railway that connected two coastal resorts on the Opal Coast of the English Channel in France. This line served the administrative Pas-de-Calais department and was operational from the early 20th century. The route opened in stages between 1909 and 1912 and operated until it ceased in 1929.

Spanning approximately 17 kilometers (11 mi), the line was owned by a company independent of the major railway networks serving Berck-Plage and Le Touquet-Paris-Plage. It faced significant challenges due to irregular seasonal traffic and the inexperience of its operator in railway management. Nevertheless, this railway is illustrative of the communication modes utilized from the late 19th century until World War II, with the specific intention of serving vacation spots on the northern coasts of France.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Delfim Carlos de Carvalho, Baron of Passagem
Delfim Carlos de Carvalho (13 April 1825 – 19 May 1896), the Baron of Passagem, was a Brazilian naval officer who fought in the Paraguayan War. He was a Chief of Division at the Battle of Riachuelo.  He commanded the squadron that effected the Passage of Humaitá on 19 February 1868. He was also a member of the Supreme Military Justice in 1891.

Battle of Riachuelo
The Battle of Riachuelo (or Battle of the Riachuelo) was a large and decisive naval battle of the Paraguayan War between Paraguay and the Empire of Brazil. By late 1864, Paraguay had scored a series of victories in the war, but on 11 June 1865, its naval defeat by the Brazilians on the Paraná River began to turn the tide in favor of the allies.
MindVox
MindVox was an early Internet service provider in New York City. The service was referred to as "the Hells Angels of Cyberspace".

The service was founded in 1991 by Bruce Fancher (Dead Lord) and Patrick Kroupa (Lord Digital), two former members of the Legion of Doom hacker group. It was initially launched in March 1992 as an invite-only offering, and eventually made generally available to the public in November that same year.

MindVox was the second Internet Service Provider in New York City, and the first test message posted to Usenet via the service was created by the infamous hacker Phiber Optik, in 1992, while waiting for a Manhattan grand jury indictment for hacking activities. At this time, customers of the only other service provider had already posted nearly 6,000 messages.

MindVox’s domain phantom.com was registered on 14 February 1992.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.