hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Llanrwst Rural District
Llanrwst was a rural district in the administrative county of Denbighshire from 1894 to 1935.

The rural district was formed from the part of Llanrwst Rural Sanitary District in Denbighshire. The remainder of the sanitary district, in Caernarfonshire, becoming Geirionydd Rural District.

The district contained nine civil parishes:

Eglwysbach

Gwernhywel

Gwytherin

Llanddoged

Llangernyw

Llanrwst: in 1897 part of this parish became Llanrwst Urban District, the remainder became Llanrwst Rural

Pentrefoelas

Prys

Tir Ifan

Llanrwst Rural District was abolished by a County Review Order in 1935, becoming part of the new Hiraethog Rural District.

Gwytherin
Gwytherin is a village in Conwy County Borough, Wales. It lies in a small valley through which the River Cledwen flows and has been winner of 'Best Kept Village' on four occasions. Its church is dedicated to Saint Winefrid (Welsh: Gwenfrewy gwenfrewi; Medieval Latin: Winefrida).

In the centre of the village opposite the Lion Inn is the Church of St Winifred, which was built and dedicated  in 1869. The church is believed to have originated in the mid-600s AD up by Prince Eleri who then went on to set up a double monastery in the village. He was the Abbot to the monks, and his cousin's daughter, St. Gwenffrewi, was the Abbess to the nuns.

In the churchyard are three ancient yew trees and a row of four ancient standing stones approximately one metre high and aligned roughly east to west. The first stone carries a carving and what appears to be a 'W'.

The church is one of the major places visited on the North Wales Pilgrims Way.
Simeon Burt Wolbach
Simeon Burt Wolbach (July 3, 1880 – March 19, 1954) was an American pathologist, researcher, teacher, and journal editor who elucidated the infection vectors for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and epidemic typhus. He was president of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and the American Society for Experimental Pathology. The bacterial genus Wolbachia is named after him.

American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists
The American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists (AAPB) was an American national professional association established in 1901, devoted to fundamental science and academic medicine as distinct from clinical medicine. In 1976, they joined with the American Society for Experimental Pathology (ASEP) to form the American Association of Pathologists (AAP), which in 1992 became the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP).

In 1924 the Council voted to end the Journal of Medical Research and with a grant from the General Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, the AAPB started the American Journal of Pathology on January 1, 1925, noting on the cover that it was a continuation of the Journal of Medical Research.
James U. Cross
James Underwood Cross (April 25, 1925 – July 11, 2015) was a United States Air Force brigadier general and author of Around the World with LBJ: My Wild Ride As Air Force One Pilot, White House Aide, and Personal Confidant,  with Denise Gamino and Gary Rice. He was a military aide and chief Air Force One pilot under United States president Lyndon B. Johnson.

Lockheed JetStar
The Lockheed JetStar (company designations L-329 and L-1329; designated C-140 in US military service) is a business jet produced from the early 1960s to the 1970s. The JetStar was the first dedicated private jet to enter service, as well as the only such airplane built by Lockheed. It was also one of the largest aircraft in the class for many years, seating ten plus two crew. It is distinguishable from other small jets by its four engines, mounted on the rear of the fuselage, and the "slipper"-style fuel tanks fixed to the wings.
Jón Sigurðsson (politician, born 1941)
Jón Sigurðsson (born 17 April 1941) is an Icelandic politician and former minister. He was a member of parliament from 1987 to 1993 and served as the Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs from 1987 to 1988 and the Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1988 to 1993. After leaving parliament, he was the Governor of the Central Bank of Iceland from 1993 to 1994.

Minister of Justice (Iceland)
The Minister of Justice (Icelandic: Dómsmálaráðherra) in Iceland is the head of the Ministry of Justice and is a member of the Cabinet of Iceland. The Ministry was formed in 2017, and the current Minister is Þorbjörg Sigríður Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bill Smith (baseball manager)
William J. Smith (born in Baltimore, Maryland) was a player-manager, center fielder, catcher and second baseman for the 1873 Baltimore Marylands during their lone season in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. The Marylands went 0–6 for the season and Smith's record was 0–5. As a player, he batted .174 and committed three errors (two as a catcher and three as a second baseman) in eight total chances for a fielding percentage of .625 over six games while splitting time at center field, catcher, and second base. Later, on July 12, 1886, he was credited as making an appearance as the umpire for a game between the Detroit Wolverines and the Kansas City Cowboys.

Kansas City Cowboys (National League)
The Kansas City Cowboys were a National League baseball team that played one season in 1886. They played at League Park and finished with a 30–91 record. They finished in seventh place, ahead of another new team, the Washington Nationals. They were not connected to the Union Association Cowboys.

The Cowboys were admitted to the National League on a trial basis for the 1886 season. The team went out of business in February, 1887, having been forced to sell its players back to the league for $6,000. They were replaced in the league by Pittsburgh, which moved to the league from the American Association.
Pine Belt (Mississippi)
The Pine Belt, also known as the Piney Woods, is a region in Southeast Mississippi. The region gets its name from the longleaf pine trees that are abundant in the region. The Pine Belt includes 9 counties: Covington, Forrest, Greene, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Marion, Perry, and Wayne.

Forrest County, Mississippi
Forrest County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,158. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg. The county was created from Perry County in 1908 and named in honor of Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Confederate general in the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Forrest County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Faithsedge
Faithsedge is an American Christian metal band formed in 2009 by vocalist Giancarlo Floridia, bassist Fabrizio Grossi, guitarist Alex De Rosso, and drummer Tony Morra. The latter two were replaced by Tim Gaines and Matt Starr, respectively. As of 2026, they released four studio albums, on Scarlet Records.

Scarlet Records
Scarlet Records is an Italian independent record label based in Milan. It is most notable for featuring two side projects from Soilwork front-man Björn "Speed" Strid, as well as bands like Agent Steel, Royal Hunt, Skyclad, Eldritch, Hatesphere, Labyrinth, Dark Moor, DGM and more. Founded in 1998, Scarlet Records has released more than 400 albums. In 2011 Scarlet Records entered a distribution deal with Entertainment One Distribution for the North American distribution of its new releases and extensive physical and digital catalog. In 2021 become a limited company.
Economic history of the Russian Federation
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the end of its centrally-planned economy, the Russian Federation succeeded it under president Boris Yeltsin. The Russian government used policies of shock therapy to liberalize the economy as part of the transition to a market economy, causing a sustained economic recession. GDP per capita levels returned to their 1991 levels by the mid-2000s. The economy of Russia is much more stable today than in the early 1990s, but inflation still remains an issue. Historically and currently, the Russian economy has differed sharply from  major developed economies because of its weak legal system, underdevelopment of modern economic activities, technological backwardness, and lower living standards.

Russia began its transition to a market economy in January 1992. It was formally recognized as such by the European Union in May 2002 and by the United States in June 2002.

Stock market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies that are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investments are usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
Jan Tankersley
Jan B. Tankersley (born January 12, 1948) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A Republican, she served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2011 to 2023 and was redistricted in 2013 to District 160 in the Georgia House of Representatives. She served on the House Agricultural and Consumer Affairs Committee, Intragovernmental Coordination Committee, and the Natural Resources and Environment Committee.

Prior to serving in the State House, Tankersley was both a Bulloch County Commissioner and a member of the Brooklet, Georgia city council.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Protium (plant)
Protium is a genus of more than 140 species of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae. It is native to the Neotropics from northern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil, and to Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, the Philippines, Java, and New Guinea. The genus had been included in Bursera, but is distinct.

The species are usually small or medium-sized trees, but some can be large, up to 35 m (115 ft) tall. In their native range, some species are grown for timber, used as firewood, as medicinal plants, for their fruit, their resin (Copal) or in other cultural contexts.

Firewood
Firewood is any wooden material that can be used for fuel.  The term usually refers to wood fuel that is not industrially processed, such as wood pellets, and instead takes the form of a recognizable log or branch. Firewood can be heat-treated and seasoned (dry) or unseasoned (fresh/wet). Two classes of firewood exist, which are either hardwood or softwood, depending on the species of tree that was cut.

Firewood is a renewable resource, although demand for this fuel can quickly outpace its ability to regenerate on a local or regional level. Good forestry practices and efficiency advances in devices that burn firewood can improve local wood supplies.

Smoke from burning wood can cause respiratory issues and other diseases. Transporting firewood long distances can also spread plant pests, diseases, and invasive species.
Gaun Gaun Bata Utha
Gaun Gaun Bata Utha (Nepali: गाउँगाउँबाट उठ, lit. 'Rise Up from Every Village') is a Nepali-language revolutionary song by music duo Raamesh and Rayan and written and composed by Shyam Tamot. The song is also known as Sankalpa (resolution/ vow) song. The song has been translated into 17 national and foreign languages including Chinese, French and Hindi. The song served as an anthem during the 1979 Nepalese student protests as well as many other protests in Nepal.

1979 Nepalese student protests
The 1979 student protests in Nepal (Nepali: २०३६ सालको आन्दोलन, 2036 Saal ko Aandolan) were a series of protests amongst the student community in Nepal during the months of April and May 1979 (2036 B.S.). The clashes that occurred had a significant historical impact, as they forced the monarchy to concede to holding a referendum on the possibility of a multiparty system in the country. Official figures stated that 11 persons were killed during the agitation, and 164 wounded.
HNLMS Evertsen
Eight ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy have been named HNLMS Evertsen, after a family from Zeeland with many sea heroes:

Admiral Evertsen (1803–1814), cannon schooner;

Admiral Evertsen (1808–1819), ship-of-the-line;

HNLMS Evertsen (1857), frigate with additional steam power, renamed Neptunus (Neptune);

HNLMS Evertsen (1894), armored ship;

HNLMS Evertsen (1926) (1926–1942), torpedo-boat destroyer;

HNLMS Evertsen (F803) (1946–1962), ex-HMS Scourge, S-class destroyer;

HNLMS Evertsen (F815) (1967–1989), Van Speijk-class frigate;

HNLMS Evertsen (F805) (2005–present), De Zeven Provinciën-class frigate.

S and T-class destroyer
The S and T class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1942–1943. They were built as two flotillas, known as the 5th and 6th Emergency Flotilla, and they served as fleet and convoy escorts in World War II.
Rudy Komon
Rudolph John Komon MBE (21 June 1908 – 27 October 1982) was a Viennese–born Czech–Australian art dealer, gallery director, benefactor and wine connoisseur.  He had a great influence on the burgeoning artistic life of Australia in the 1950s and 1960s.

Paddington, New South Wales
Paddington is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the Sydney central business district, Paddington lies across two local government areas. The portion south of Oxford Street lies within the City of Sydney, while the portion north of Oxford Street lies within the Municipality of Woollahra. It is often colloquially referred to as "Paddo".

Paddington is bordered to the west by Darlinghurst, to the east by Centennial Park and Woollahra, to the north by Edgecliff and Rushcutters Bay and to the south by Moore Park.
Chris Law
Christopher Murray Alexander Law (born 21 October 1969) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP)  for Dundee Central, formerly Dundee West, since 2015. He was first elected at the 2015 general election, winning a seat that had been held by Labour for the previous 65 years. He served as SNP Spokesperson for International Development from 2017 to 2022, resigning from his position after the election of Stephen Flynn. Following his re-election in 2024, he returned to the SNP's frontbench as SNP Spokesperson for Business, Trade and Development.

2022 SNP Westminster leadership election
The 2022 Scottish National Party (SNP) Westminster leadership election was held to choose the leader of the SNP in the House of Commons, following the resignation of Ian Blackford on 1 December 2022. Stephen Flynn and Alison Thewliss were the two MPs who ran in the election. Flynn was elected by 26 votes to 17.
William Holcombe
William Holcombe (July 22, 1804 – September 5, 1870) was a United States Democratic politician and the first Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. He was born in Lambertville, New Jersey and died in Stillwater, Minnesota; Holcombe was mayor of Stillwater, when he died.

He was a member of first Minnesota Legislature.  His term as Lieutenant Governor did not expire until a few weeks after the 2nd Minnesota State Legislative Session began. Although the Republican Party had a majority in the Minnesota Senate, Holcombe, a Democrat, presided over them until January 2, 1860 when the state officials were sworn in. Some of his rulings so frustrated the Republican majority that they asked the House to impeach him. The House responded that they had no right to interfere with the workings of the Senate and suggested they change their rules. The issue was resolved when Republican Ignatius Donnelly was finally sworn in as Lieutenant Governor.

Stillwater, Minnesota
Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River, across from Houlton, Wisconsin. Stillwater's population was 19,394 at the 2020 census. Stillwater is often called "the birthplace of Minnesota" due to its role in the establishment of the state.
Phenotypic heterogeneity
Phenotypic heterogeneity describes different mutations in the same gene that can sometimes give rise to strikingly different phenotypes.

E.g., certain loss-of-function mutations in the RET gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, can cause dominantly inherited failure of development of colonic ganglia, leading to defective colonic motility and severe chronic constipation (Hirschsprung disease).

Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups to substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation.  Typically ATP is the phosphate donor. Kinases are pervasive, the human genome codes for about 500 of these enzymes.

Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases. Kinases should not be confused with phosphorylases, which catalyze the addition of inorganic phosphate groups to an acceptor, nor with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups (dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to bind other molecules. Therefore, kinases are critical in metabolism, cell signalling, protein regulation, cellular transport, secretory processes and many other cellular pathways, which makes them very important to physiology.
Juke joint
Juke joint (also jukejoint, jook house, jook, or juke) is the African-American vernacular term for an informal establishment featuring music, dancing, gambling, and drinking, primarily operated by African Americans in the southeastern United States. A juke joint may also be called a "barrelhouse". Juke joints were the first secular cultural arenas to emerge among African-American freedmen.

Classic juke joints, found for example at rural crossroads, catered to the rural work force that began to emerge after emancipation. Plantation workers and sharecroppers needed a place to relax and socialize following a hard week, particularly since they were barred from most white establishments by Jim Crow laws.

Set up on the outskirts of town, often in ramshackle, abandoned buildings or private houses, juke joints offered food, drink, dancing, and gambling for weary workers. Owners made extra money selling groceries or moonshine to patrons, or providing cheap room and board.

William R. Ferris
Dr. William Reynolds Ferris Jr. (born February 5, 1942), also known as Bill Ferris, is an American folklorist, scholar, author, filmmaker and  ethnomusicologist focused on the distinct cultural qualities of the  American South. He is a former chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities and, with Judy Peiser, he co-founded the Center for Southern Folklore in Memphis, Tennessee. He was the founding director of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi, and is co-editor of The Encyclopedia of Southern Culture.
PSLV-C47
PSLV-C47 was a mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, launched on Thursday, November 27, 2019, at 09:27 Hrs (IST) by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

The mission's main payload was Cartosat-3, a mapping satellite. Cartosat-3 was injected into an orbit of 509 km at an inclination of 97.5-degree to the equator, 17 minutes and 38 seconds after lift-off.

Sriharikota
Sriharikota (Telugu: [ʃriːhɐɾikoːʈɐ]) is a barrier island off the Bay of Bengal coast located in the Shar Project settlement of Tirupati district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It houses the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, one of the two satellite launch centres in India (the other being SSLV Launch Complex, Kulasekarapattinam). ISRO launches satellites using multistage rockets such as the PSLV and the GSLV from the island. Sriharikota was selected by ISRO because of its proximity to the equator, it gives extra centripetal force from the rotation of Earth.
29th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 29th Japan Film Professional Awards (Japanese: 第29回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞, Hepburn: Dai 29-kai Nihon Eiga Purofesshonaru Taishō) was the 29th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. In addition to ranking the best films of 2019, ten films were selected as the best of the decade (2010-2019). An award ceremony did not take place. Unlike previous years, no acting awards were given.

2019 in film
2019 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, critics' lists of the best films of 2019, festivals, a list of country-specific lists of films released, and movie programming. Avengers: Endgame was the year's highest grossing film and became the highest-grossing film of all-time until Avatar regained the top spot in 2021. United Artists celebrated its 100th anniversary, and DreamWorks Pictures and DreamWorks Animation celebrated their 25th anniversary.
Yoo Yeon-jung
Yoo Yeon-jung (Korean: 유연정; born August 3, 1999), known mononymously as Yeonjung, is a South Korean singer signed under Starship Entertainment and Yuehua Entertainment. She is best known for being a member of the South Korean girl group WJSN, and for finishing 11th in the survival show Produce 101, making her a member of I.O.I.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Tove of the Obotrites
Tove of the Obotrites, also called Tova, Tofa or Thora, (10th century) was a Slavic princess and a Danish Viking Age queen consort, the spouse of King Harald Bluetooth.

Tofa, her name carved in runes as ᛏᚢᚠᛅ, was the daughter of Prince Mistivir of the Obotrites, a region also known as Wendland. She married King Harald in January 963. It is not known whether she had any children or not, though some speculation has surrounded her as Sveyn Forkbeard's mother. She had the Sønder Vissing Runestone carved in memory of her mother.

Wendland
The Wendland (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛntlant]) is a region in Germany on the borders of the present states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. Its heart is the Hanoverian Wendland in the county of Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony.

In 2012 the state of Lower Saxony nominated the Rundling villages in Hanoverian Wendland for the German shortlist of candidates for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Subsequent decisions that will determine the success of this bid take place in 2013 at the conference of education ministers (Kultusministerkonferenz) and no earlier than 2017 by UNESCO.
Shourie
Shourie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arun Shourie (born 1941), Indian economist

Devinder Shory (born 1958), Canadian politician

H. D. Shourie (1911–2005), Indian activist

Konrad Shourie, Canadian police officer

Mona Shourie Kapoor (1964–2012), Indian television producer

Nalini Singh (born Nalini Shourie in 1945), Indian journalist

Surender Shourie (born 1980), Indian politician

Mona Shourie Kapoor
Mona Shourie Kapoor (3 February 1964 – 25 March 2012) was an Indian television producer, film producer, and entrepreneur. She was the daughter of Sattee Shourie and first wife of Bollywood producer Boney Kapoor and also the mother of actor Arjun Kapoor.