hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fitzmaurice Grammar School
Fitzmaurice Grammar School was a grammar school in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. The school opened as the County School in 1897 with financial support from  Edmond Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron Fitzmaurice. It was renamed Fitzmaurice Grammar School in 1936 after the death of Lord Fitzmaurice. The grammar school was closed in 1980 and merged with Trinity secondary modern school to form the comprehensive school called St Laurence School.

Secondary modern school
A secondary modern school (Welsh: ysgol uwchradd fodern) was a type of secondary school that existed throughout England, Wales and Northern Ireland from 1944 until the 1970s under the Tripartite System. Secondary modern schools accommodated the majority (70–75%) of pupils between 11 and 15. Those who achieved the highest scores in the 11-plus were allowed to go to a selective grammar school which offered education beyond 15. From 1965 onwards (following Circular 10/65), secondary moderns were replaced in most of the UK by the comprehensive school system.

Schools of this type continue in Northern Ireland, where they are usually referred to as secondary schools, and in areas of England, such as Buckinghamshire (where they are referred to as upper/all-ability schools), Lincolnshire (still called secondary modern) and Wirral (called all-ability schools), and Kent where they are referred to as non-selective.
Blackwater (novel)
Blackwater (Swedish: Händelser vid vatten, lit. 'Events by Water') is a 1993 novel by the Swedish writer Kerstin Ekman. It received the August Prize in 1993 and the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1994. It also won the Best Swedish Crime Novel Award.

August Prize
The August Prize (Swedish: Augustpriset) is an annual Swedish literary prize awarded each year since 1989 by the Swedish Publishers' Association. It is awarded to the best Swedish book of the year in each of three categories. The Swedish Publishers' Association also awards the Young August Prize (Lilla Augustpriset) to youth and young adults (age 20 or younger).
Väki
Väki is a supernatural power in Finnish mythology. It was believed by Baltic Finns that väki resided in natural sites, objects, and animals. Väki has been compared to mana. However, according to Laura Stark, väki is about an impersonal power rather than a universal force. Väki has also been compared to orenda.

Some folklorists have stated väki are in objects, especially ones connected to the world of the supernatural. The concept of väki was first documented in the 18th century by Christfrid Ganander in his book Mythologia Fennica.

According to Kaarle Krohn, väki originated from animistic beliefs. There is a lack of information regarding how most kinds of väki were used by tietäjä.

Baltic Finnic peoples
The Baltic Finnic peoples, often simply referred to as the Finnic peoples, are the peoples inhabiting the Baltic Sea region in Northern and Eastern Europe who speak Finnic languages. They include the Finns, Estonians (including Võros and Setos), Karelians (including Ludes and Livvi), Veps, Izhorians, Votes, and Livonians. In some cases the Kvens, Ingrians, Tornedalians and speakers of Meänkieli are considered separate from the Finns.

The bulk of the Finnic peoples (more than 98%) are ethnic Finns and Estonians, who reside in the two independent Finnic nation states—Finland and Estonia.

Finnic peoples are also significant minority groups in neighbouring countries of Sweden, Norway and Russia, especially Karelia.
Myshkin (surname)
Myshkin (Мы́шкин) is a Russian-language surname, sometimes transliterated as Mishkin although the latter word has a different origin. "Myshkin" is the possessive case of the Russian word myshka, the diminutive of  'mouse'.

Notable people with this surname include:

Anatoly Myshkin (b. 1954), Soviet and Russian basketball player

Ippolit Myshkin (1848–1885), Russian revolutionary

Tanya Myshkin (born 1961),  Australian printmaker

Maria Myshkina (1844–1894), Russian writer

Vladimir Myshkin (b. 1955), Soviet and Russian ice hockey goaltender

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
Sedona-Oak Creek Unified School District
The Sedona-Oak Creek Unified School District (SOCUSD) is a school district headquartered in Sedona, Arizona. It operates Sedona Red Rock High School as well as the West Sedona School, which serves students in grades K through 6.

The district includes portions of Yavapai and Coconino counties. It includes Sedona, as well as Village of Oak Creek (Big Park). It also includes Red Rock.

The formal name is Sedona-Oak Creek Joint Unified School District No. 9 of Yavapai and Coconino Counties.

Yavapai County, Arizona
Yavapai County (/ˈjævəˌpaɪˌ/ YA-və-pye) is a county near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Prescott.

Yavapai County comprises the Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the northern portions of Peoria and Wickenburg, the balance of which are in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.
Leamside line
The Leamside Line, originally part of the Durham Junction Railway, is a disused railway line, located in the North East of England. The alignment diverges from the East Coast Main Line at Tursdale Junction, travelling a distance of 21 miles (34 kilometres) north through the Durham Coalfield and Washington, prior to joining the Durham Coast Line at Pelaw Junction. The Leamside Line closed to passenger traffic in 1964, under the Beeching cuts.

Part of the line is due to be reopened as an extension of the Tyne & Wear Metro by 2033, although the exact route—and how much of the original line will be reused—is yet to be finalised.

Wardley, Gateshead
Wardley is a residential area in Gateshead, located around 4 miles (6.4 km) from Newcastle upon Tyne, 10 miles (16 km) from Sunderland, and 15 miles (24 km) from Durham. In 2011, Census data for the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council ward of Wardley and Leam Lane recorded a total population of 8,327.

Wardley is made up of mainly privately owned housing, with a number of local shops located on Keir Hardie Avenue, and a post office, which is situated on Lingey Avenue. A bar and brasserie, The Green, is located on Leam Lane, along with Heworth Golf Club.
Algonquins of Ontario Settlement Area
The Algonquins of Ontario Settlement Area covers 36,000 square kilometers of land under Aboriginal title in eastern Ontario, home to more than 1.2 million people.

The Algonquins of Ontario comprise the First Nations of Pikwakanagan, Bonnechere, Greater Golden Lake, Kijicho Manito Madaouskarini (Bancroft), Mattawa/North Bay, Ottawa, Shabot Obaadjiwan (Sharbot Lake), Snimikobi (Ardoch) and Whitney and Area.

In 1994, the group began negotiations with the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada "to resolve this land claim through a negotiated settlement".

Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation
Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation (Algonquin: Pikwàkanagàn Omàmiwininiwak), formerly known as the Golden Lake First Nation,  is an Algonquin First Nation in Ontario, Canada.  Their territory is located in the former township of South Algona (now part of Bonnechere Valley) in the Ottawa Valley on Golden Lake.

As of March 2025, the registered population of the First Nation was 4,395 people, of which only 459 on reserve.
West Canada Creek
The West Canada Creek is a 76-mile-long (122 km) river in upstate New York, United States. West Canada Creek is an important water way in Hamilton, Oneida, and Herkimer counties, draining the south part of the Adirondack Mountains before emptying into the Mohawk River near the Village of Herkimer. The name "Canada" is derived from an Iroquoian word for "village" (Kanata).

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ oh-NYE-də) is a county in the state of New York, United States. As of February 26, 2024, the population was 226,654. The county seat is Utica.

The county is named in honor of the Oneida, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee, which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization. The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century, after the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state. Oneida County is part of the Utica–Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Definite article reduction
Definite article reduction (DAR), in linguistics, is the use of a vowel-less form of the definite article the in Northern dialects of England English, for example in Yorkshire dialect. DAR is often represented by dialect spelling with an apostrophe: ⟨t'⟩ or ⟨th'⟩.

DAR is found in most traditional Northern English varieties and even some North Midlands dialects; however, the dialects of Northumberland, northern County Durham and northern Cumberland are not affected by DAR.

Eye dialect
Eye dialect is a writer's use of deliberately nonstandard spelling either because they do not consider the standard spelling a good reflection of the pronunciation or because they are intending to portray informal or low-status language usage. The term was coined by George Philip Krapp to refer to a literary technique that implies the standard pronunciation of a given word that is not well-reflected by its standard spelling, such as wimmin to represent more accurately the typical English pronunciation of women. However, eye dialect is also commonly used to indicate that a character's speech is vernacular (nonstandard), casual, foreign, or uneducated, often to be humorous. This form of nonstandard spelling differs from others in that a difference in spelling does not indicate a difference in pronunciation of a word.  That is, it is a "dialect to the eye", rather than "to the ear".
Kurt Blaukopf
Kurt Blaukopf (15 February 1914 – 14 June 1999) was an Austrian music sociologist. Blaukopf established music sociology as a subject at the Vienna Musikhochschule. He founded the Institute of Music Sociology and the MEDIACULT Institute.

Sociomusicology
Sociomusicology (from Latin: socius, "companion"; from Old French musique; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Old Greek λόγος, lógos : "discourse"), also called music sociology or the sociology of music, refers to both an academic subfield of sociology that is concerned with music (often in combination with other arts), as well as a subfield of musicology that focuses on social aspects of musical behavior and the role of music in society.
Artemisa
Artemisa (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾteˈmisa]) is a municipality and city in Cuba, formerly part of La Habana Province.
According to a law approved by the Cuban National Assembly in August 2010, Artemisa became the capital city of the newly formed Artemisa Province, which comprises eight municipalities of the former La Habana Province and three from Pinar del Río. It has an area of 642.0 square kilometers and a population of over 86,444 inhabitants (2022).

Due to its coffee crops in the past and the bucolic local landscape, it has received the nickname "Jardín de Cuba" (Garden of Cuba) and is also known as the "Villa Roja" (Red Village) due to the color of its soils.

The municipality is home to the University of Artemisa, which trains professionals in agricultural sciences, high school and higher education teachers, business sciences, among others. There is also the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Artemisa, which trains doctors, dentists and other health professionals.

La Habana Province
La Habana Province [la aˈβana] ⓘ, formerly known as Ciudad de La Habana Province, is a province of Cuba that includes the territory of the city of Havana, the Republic's capital. The province's territory is the seat of the superior organs of the state and its provincial administration.

Between 1878 and 2010, the name referred to a different province that covered a much larger area, and after 1976 restructuring, the then-La Habana Province did not include the city of Havana. The larger province was subdivided in 2010 into the present-day provinces of Artemisa (which also took over three municipalities from Pinar del Río) and Mayabeque.
Masaru Hamaguchi
Masaru Hamaguchi (Japanese: 濱口 優, Hepburn: Hamaguchi Masaru; born January 29, 1972) is a Japanese comedian and actor from Konohana-ku, Osaka. He is the tsukkomi of the manzai duo, Yoiko, with his partner Shinya Arino.

Glossary of owarai terms
The following glossary of words and terms (generally of Japanese origin) are related to owarai (Japanese comedy).  Many of these terms may be used in areas of Japanese culture beyond comedy, including television and radio, music. Some have been incorporated into normal Japanese speech.
2025 West Coast Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2025 West Coast Conference women's basketball Tournament will be the postseason women's basketball tournament for the West Coast Conference for the 2024–25 season. All tournament games will be played at Orleans Arena in the Las Vegas-area community of Paradise, Nevada, from March 6–11, 2025. The winner will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2025 NCAA tournament.

Orleans Arena
Orleans Arena is a 9,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Paradise, Nevada, in the Las Vegas Valley.  It is located at the Orleans Hotel and Casino and is operated by Coast Casinos, a subsidiary of Boyd Gaming Corporation.

The arena is the home to the Vegas Rollers of World TeamTennis since 2019. It is also an occasional home for the UNLV Rebels basketball team when the Thomas & Mack Center is in use. The arena was the home of the Las Vegas Wranglers ice hockey team from 2003 to 2014, the Las Vegas Gladiators arena football team in 2007, as well as the Las Vegas Sin women's football team.

In 2020, the Vegas Golden Knights announced it was purchasing and relocating an American Hockey League (AHL) franchise. The Henderson Silver Knights played two seasons at Orleans Arena until the club's new 6,000-seat arena was completed in Henderson, Nevada in March 2022.
Electric Music
Electric Music was the second album by Karl Bartos' "Elektric Music" project, recorded after his collaboration with UK band Electronic on their 1996 album Raise the Pressure and released in 1998. The entire album was written by Bartos and was, according to his website, an "exploration of the sound of the sixties — guitar pop out of the computer!"

Electronic (band)
Electronic were an English alternative dance supergroup formed by singer/guitarist Bernard Sumner (of New Order) and guitarist Johnny Marr (of the Smiths). They co-wrote the majority of their output between 1989 and 1998, collaborating with the synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys on three tracks in their early years, and former Kraftwerk member Karl Bartos on nine songs in 1995.
A Is for Acid
A Is for Acid is a 2002 British television film based on the life of the serial killer John Haigh, known as the Acid Bath Murderer because he dissolved the bodies of six people in sulphuric acid. Haigh, hanged in 1949 for his crimes, had wrongly believed that murder could not be proven without the presence of a body. Starring Martin Clunes in the lead role, the film was shot in Scarborough, chosen because its appearance was believed to be similar to that of London when Haigh lived there during the 1940s, and also Saltaire to represent his early life. The film was produced by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network and aired on 9 September 2002. Directed by Harry Bradbeer and written by Glenn Chandler, A Is for Acid also featured among its cast Keeley Hawes,  Richard Hope and Celia Imrie.

Manchester Evening News
The Manchester Evening News (MEN) is a regional daily newspaper covering  Greater Manchester in North West England, founded in 1868. It is published Monday–Saturday; a Sunday edition, the MEN on Sunday, was launched in February 2019. The newspaper is owned by Reach plc (formerly Trinity Mirror),[2] one of Britain's largest newspaper publishing groups.

Since adopting a 'digital-first' strategy in 2014, the MEN has experienced significant online growth, despite its average print daily circulation for the first half of 2021 falling to 22,107. In the 2018 British Regional Press Awards, it was named Newspaper of the Year and Website of the Year.
Renfrewshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Before the Acts of Union 1707, the barons of the shire of Renfrew elected commissioners to represent them in the unicameral Parliament of Scotland and in the Convention of the Estates. The number of commissioners was increased from two to three in 1690.

From 1708 Renfrewshire was represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
2,6-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide
2,6-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) is an organic compound used as an colorimetric indicator to detect phenolic compounds. Upon reaction with phenol itself, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is formed, a chemical that is used as a redox indicator.

Colorimetry
Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception".
It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.
Battle of Drohiczyn
The Battle of Drohiczyn (Polish: Bitwa pod Drohiczynem) took place in 1192 near the village of Drohiczyn between the allied Yotvingian and Kievan Rus' forces that raised Polish Rebels against the opposing Kingdom of Poland army led by Duke Casimir II the Just. The Polish army won the battle.

Sudovian language
Sudovian (also known as Yotvingian, or Jatvingian) was a West Baltic language of Northeastern Europe. Sudovian was closely related to Old Prussian. It was formerly spoken southwest of the Neman river in what is now Lithuania, east of Galindia and in the north of Yotvingia, and by exiles in East Prussia.
Peng Chong
Peng Chong (Chinese: 彭冲; March 1915 – October 18, 2010 ), born Xu Tieru (許鐵如), was a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Central Committee (1969–87) and its politburo (1977–82); and Secretary General of the National People's Congress between 1988 and 1992.

Xu Jiatun
Xu Jiatun (Chinese: 许家屯; 10 March 1916 – 29 June 2016) was a Chinese politician and dissident. He was the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Jiangsu Province from 1977 to 1983 and the Governor of Jiangsu from 1977 to 1979. After sympathizing with the 1989 Tiananmen Square student protests, he left the country and lived in self-exile in the United States.
Elijah Millsap
Elijah Millsap (born August 12, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player who played briefly in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and other leagues. He played college basketball for the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Les Mamelles
Les Mamelles (French pronunciation: [le mamɛl]) is an administrative district of the Seychelles, located in the south of the Greater Victoria (suburban) area on Mahé, the main island of the archipelago. The district is located inward from the adjacent coastal district of Roche Caiman. It is not to be confused with Mamelles Island some 13 kilometers northeast of Mahé.

Les Mamelles District was created in 1998 mostly from reclaimed land and from parts of Plaisance district. Therefore, it does not yet have its own ISO 3166-2 code.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Limenwara
The Limenwara or Limenware were a people of Anglo-Saxon England whose territory formed a regio or early administrative subdivision of the Kingdom of Kent. The name means "Limen-dwellers", with "Limen" being the name of the former eastern arm of the River Rother, which at that time entered the sea at Lympne.

The territory was based around two main settlements, with Lympne as the original royal vill and centre of royal administration and Lyminge emerging from an outlying estate as the territory's minster and centre of ecclesiastic administration. There is evidence of considerable continuity with earlier Roman occupation: Lympne was the site of the Roman Saxon Shore fort of Portus Lemanis, and the minster at Lyminge possibly occupying the site of an earlier Roman temple.

The territory of the Limenwara survived as one of the lathes of the later county of Kent, originally taking its name from the Limenwara themselves, but later being renamed the lathe of Shepway.

Saxon Shore
The Saxon Shore (Latin: litus Saxonicum) was a military command of the Late Roman Empire, consisting of a series of fortifications on both sides of the English Channel. It was established in the late 3rd century and was led by the "Count of the Saxon Shore". In the late 4th century, his functions were limited to Britain, while the fortifications in Gaul were established as separate commands. Several well-preserved Saxon Shore forts survive in east and south-east England; they are some of the best-preserved Roman forts surviving in the world, notable for the height and strength of their walls.