hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaw (surname)
Gaw is a surname with at least four different origins. First, it may be derived from the Gaelic word gall meaning "foreigner" or "stranger". The surnames Gall and Gaul are derived from the same word. In Brittany it became a surname for immigrants from France, in Lincolnshire for Bretons, in Perthshire and Aberdeen for Lowlanders. Second, it may have originated by shortening the name McGaw, which is an Anglicised form of Mag Ádaimh meaning "son of Adam". Third, it may be an old spelling of the German surname Gau, which originated as a toponymic surname; see Gau (territory). Finally, it may be an Anglicisation of the Southern Min pronunciation of the Chinese surname pronounced Wú (吳) in Mandarin; this spelling came into use in Hong Kong by a family of Chinese immigrants from Myanmar.

The surname is relatively rare. There were 334 people on the island of Great Britain and 174 on the island of Ireland with the surname Gaw as of 2011, according to statistics cited by Patrick Hanks.

Chinese people in Myanmar
Burmese Chinese, also Sino-Burmese or Tayoke (Burmese: တရုတ်), are Burmese citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity. They are a group of overseas Chinese born or raised in Myanmar (Burma).

Burmese Chinese are a well established ethnic group and are well represented in all upper levels of Burmese society. They play a leading role in Burma's business sector and dominate the Burmese economy. They also have a strong presence in Burma's political scene with several having been major political figures, including San Yu, Khin Nyunt, and Ne Win.
Scoparia pusillula
Scoparia pusillula is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1995 and is found in Panama, where it is common on the Atlantic side of the country.

Adults are small and narrow winged, with a pattern similar to that of Toulgoetodes tersella.

Eugene G. Munroe
Eugene Gordon Munroe (8 September 1919 – 31 May 2008) was a Canadian entomologist who discovered numerous species of insects. He worked for the Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Entomology Division in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Munroe was "the acknowledged authority on the Pyraloidea worldwide for many years". From 1976 to 1982, he also served as editor-in-chief of Moths of America North of Mexico.
Avan Chandiyude Makan
Avan Chandiyude Makan is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language film produced by Nirmal Roy G M, written by Babu Janardhanan and directed by Thulasidas. The film stars Prithviraj Sukumaran Vijayaraghavan, Sridevika and  Baburaj with a musical score by Sanjeev Lal. This film was released along with the Tamil film Pokkiri.

M. S. Baburaj
Mohammad Sabir Baburaj (3 March 1929 – 7 October 1978) was an Indian music composer. He is often credited for the renaissance of Malayalam film music. Baburaj has rendered music to many evergreen Malayalam film songs.
Taube Pan
Taube bas Leib Pan (née Pitzker; Yiddish: טויבאַ בּת לייבּ פּאַן) was a sixteenth-century Yiddish writer, who lived in the Prague ghetto at the time of Mordecai Meisel.

Pan was the daughter of Rabbi Moshe Leib Pitzker, and wife of Yakov Pan. Like many poets of this period, she published religious and ethical works in the current idiom of the Jews. Such publications were facilitated by the printing-press of Gersonides then running in Prague. Among other pieces, she published, probably in 1609, a poem of six pages, under the title Ayn sheyn lid, nay gemakht, beloshn tkhine iz vorden ausgetrakht.

Mordecai Meisel
Mordecai Marcus Meisel (Czech: Miška Marek Majzel; 1528, Prague – 13 March 1601, Prague) was a philanthropist and communal leader of the Jewish community in Prague. He was one of the first court Jews of Eastern Europe.
Admiral Karpfanger (barque)
Admiral Karpfanger was a German four-masted barque that was a cargo ship and sail training ship. She was built near Bremerhaven in 1908 as l'Avenir, which was the name that she bore until 1937. She spent most of her career with the Association Maritime Belge, SA.

In 1932 Gustaf Erikson bought l'Avenir and added her to his fleet of commercial sailing ships. In 1937 Erikson sold her to Hamburg America Line (HAPAG), who refitted her as a sail training ship and renamed her Admiral Karpfanger.

In 1938 she disappeared on her first voyage with HAPAG, with the loss of all 60 crewmen and cadets aboard.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
Sheila Brown Napaljarri
Sheila Brown Napaljarri (c. 1940–2003) was a Warlpiri-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. A contributor to major collaborative paintings by Indigenous communities, her works are also held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the South Australian Museum.

Warlpiri language
The Warlpiri (/ˈwɑːrlbri/ or /ˈwɔːlpəri/) language is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by close to 3,000 of the Warlpiri people from the Tanami Desert, northwest of Alice Springs, Central Australia. It is one of the Ngarrkic languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family, and is one of the most widely-spoken Aboriginal languages in Australia in terms of speakers. One of the most well-known terms for The Dreaming (an Aboriginal spiritual belief), Jukurrpa, derives from Warlpiri.

Warnayaka (Wanayaga, Woneiga), Wawulya (Ngardilpa), and Ngalia are regarded as probable dialects of Warlpiri on the AUSTLANG database, although with potentially no data; while Ngardilypa is confirmed.
.htpasswd
.htpasswd is a flat-file used to store usernames and password for basic authentication on an Apache HTTP Server. The name of the file is given in the .htaccess configuration, and can be anything, although ".htpasswd" is the canonical name. The file name starts with a dot, because most Unix-like operating systems consider any file that begins with a dot to be hidden. The htpasswd command is used to manage .htpasswd file entries.

Basic access authentication
In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for an HTTP user agent (e.g. a web browser) to provide a user name and password when making a request. In basic HTTP authentication, a request contains a header field in the form of Authorization: Basic <credentials>, where <credentials> is the Base64 encoding of ID and password joined by a single colon :.

It was originally implemented by Ari Luotonen at CERN in 1993 and defined in the HTTP 1.0 specification in 1996.
It is specified in RFC 7617 from 2015, which obsoletes RFC 2617 from 1999.
Claus Nissen Riiber Berg
Claus Nissen Riiber Berg (22 June 1832 – 29 March 1915) was a Norwegian businessperson.

He was born in Aafjorden as a son of bailiff Johannes Berg and Margarethe Riiber. In 1866 he married Catharine Bygball Lund (1843–1914), daughter of the vogt in Ørlandet. Their daughter Margrethe married businessman and politician Francis Kjeldsberg, and their daughter Astrid married Ingvar Klingenberg.

After commercial education he settled in Trondhjem as a merchant from 1862. He was an "associé" in the company M. H. Lundgreens Enke, city council member, board member of the local bank and chairman and honorary member of the fisheries promotion association Trondhjems Fiskeriselskab. From 1877 he was a consular agent for the United States. He was also chairman and honorary member of the gymnastics club Trondhjems TF.

He was decorated as a Knight of the Order of Vasa and the Order of the Polar Star. He died in 1915.

Åfjord Municipality
Åfjord is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Årnes. Other villages in the municipality include Revsnes, Roan, Bessaker, Harsvika, and By. Åfjord is located on the northwestern side of the Fosen peninsula, northwest of the city of Trondheim.

The 1,329-square-kilometre (513 sq mi) municipality is the 74th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åfjord Municipality is the 197th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,339. The municipality's population density is 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Marla Smith
Marla Smith is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 74th district in 2024.

Smith is a former Pagedale alderwoman. She has three children and ten grandchildren.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Hamburger Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest art museums in the country. It consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869 (main building), 1921 (Kuppelsaal) and 1997 (Galerie der Gegenwart), located in the Altstadt district between the Hauptbahnhof (central train station) and the two Alster lakes.

The name Kunsthalle indicates the museum's history as an 'art hall' when it was founded in 1850. Today, it  houses one of the few art collections in Germany that cover seven centuries of European art, from the Middle Ages to the present day. Its permanent collections focus on North German painting of the 14th century, paintings by Dutch, Flemish and Italian artists of the 16th and 17th centuries, French and German drawings and paintings of the 19th century, and international modern and contemporary art.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Sylvia Khoury
Sylvia Khoury is an American writer and playwright.

She was born in New York and has French and Lebanese ancestry. She was educated at Columbia University (BA) and The New School for Drama (MFA), and in 2021 gained an MD from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Khoury was the recipient of the 2021 Whiting Award for drama. Her play Selling Kabul is a 2022 Pulitzer Prize finalist for drama. Her other plays include Power Strip, Against the Hillside and The Place Women Go.

Whiting Awards
The Whiting Award is an American award presented annually to ten emerging writers in fiction, nonfiction, poetry and drama. The award is sponsored by the Mrs. Giles Whiting Foundation and has been presented since 1985. As of 2021, winners receive US$50,000.

The nominees are chosen through a juried process, and the final winners are selected by a committee of writers, scholars, and editors, selected each year by the Foundation. Writers cannot apply for the prize themselves, and the Foundation does not accept unsolicited nominations.
Srednja Vas–Goriče
Srednja Vas–Goriče (pronounced [ˈsɾeːdnja ˈʋaːs ɡɔˈɾiːtʃɛ]; Slovene: Srednja vas - Goriče, German: Srednawas) is a settlement near Golnik in the Municipality of Kranj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Urban Municipality of Kranj
The Urban Municipality of Kranj (pronounced [ˈkɾaːn]; Slovene: Mestna občina Kranj) is one of twelve urban municipalities of Slovenia. It lies in northwestern Slovenia and was established in 1994. Its seat is the town of Kranj. The area traditionally belongs to the region of Upper Carniola and has been included in Upper Carniola Statistical Region since 1995.
Schneehübel
Schneehübel (literally translated: snow hill) is a mountain within the western part of the Ore Mountains in Saxony, Germany. Concurrently, the Schneehübel is the highest mountain of the Vogtland region.

50°25′32″N 12°34′25″E﻿ / ﻿50.42556°N 12.57361°E﻿ / 50.42556; 12.57361

Vogtland
Vogtland (German: [ˈfoːktlant] ⓘ; Czech: Fojtsko) is a region spanning the German states of Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia and north-western Bohemia in the Czech Republic.  It overlaps with and is largely contained within Euroregio Egrensis. The name alludes to the former leadership by the Vögte ("advocates" or "lords protector") of Weida, Gera and Plauen.
1988 Peach Bowl (December)
The 1988 Peach Bowl, part of the 1988 bowl season, took place on December 31, 1988, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The competing teams were the Iowa Hawkeyes, representing the Big Ten Conference, and the NC State Wolfpack of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In the second meeting between the schools, NC State was victorious by a final score of 28–23.

Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium
Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as Fulton County Stadium and originally named Atlanta Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The stadium was home of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1966 until 1996 and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) from 1966 until 1991. It was built to attract an MLB team and in 1966 succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated from Wisconsin.

The Braves and expansion Falcons shared the venue for 26 years, until the Falcons moved into the newly completed Georgia Dome in 1992. The Braves continued to play at the stadium for another five years, then moved into Turner Field in 1997, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium built for the previous year's Summer Olympics.  Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium hosted baseball events. Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium was demolished on August 2, 1997.
1962 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1962 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made "on the occasion of the Celebration of Her Majesty's Birthday", and were published in supplements to the London Gazette of 25 May 1962.

At this time, honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
Seyhan Rotary Anatolian High School
Seyhan Rotary Anatolian High School (Turkish: Seyhan Rotary Anadolu Lisesi) was established on August 29, 1996, at Yüreğir, Adana by Seyhan Rotary Club. The principal of the school is Abdussamed Emiroğulları. Education languages of school are English, Turkish and German.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Bovine Metropolis Theater
Bovine Metropolis Theater was the first dedicated improvisational performance and improvisational comedy theater in the Denver Metro Area. It is located at 1527 Champa Street, Denver, Colorado.

The Bovine Metropolis Theater houses the Bovine School of Improv, a five level program that teaches improvisational theatre and comedy. There are over 800 graduates of the Bovine School of Improv.

In 2001 Westword named Bovine Metropolis Theater the "Best Improv and Comedy Space" for that year.

The company is owned by Denise Maes and Eric Farone along with the Bovine's sister company, Apixii Applied Improvisation.

Apixii uses applied improvisation to conduct business training for companies on a contract basis.

Applied improvisation
Applied improvisation is the application of improvisational theatrical methods in various non-theatrical fields, including consulting, training, and teaching. It is known to be used as an experiential educational approach which enables participants to explore and improve their leadership, management and interpersonal capabilities in several fields, which include collaboration, communications, creativity, and team-building.
Engineering and Technology History Wiki
The Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW) is a MediaWiki-based website dedicated to the history of technology. It started operating in 2015. It consists of articles, first-hand accounts, oral histories, landmarks and milestones.

A partnership between the United Engineering Foundation (UEF) and its member engineering organizations ASCE, AIME, AIChE, ASME, IEEE as well as the Society of Women Engineers is developing the ETHW as a central repository for the documentation, analysis and explanation of the history of technology.

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) is a professional association for mining and metallurgy, with over 145,000 members.  The association was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and was one of the first national engineering societies in the country.

The association's charter is to "advance and disseminate, through the programs of the Member Societies, knowledge of engineering and the arts and sciences involved in the production and use of minerals, metals, energy sources and materials for the benefit of humankind."

It is the parent organization of four Member Societies, the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). The organization is currently based in San Ramon, California.
Orthohalarachne
Orthohalarachne attenuata (family: Halarachnidae) is a species of mite normally found in the nasal passages of fur seals, sea lions, and walruses. In seals, the mites can be both prevalent (almost every single seal has them) and abundant (more than 1000 mites per seal). Although clinical observations and gross examination indicate that O. attenuata parasitization alone is not serious, some erosion and inflammation of the nasal turbinates and nasopharynx in seals has been observed in histological sections. If concomitant parasitization with O. attenuata and O. diminuta occurs, alveolar emphysema and more serious ailments can threaten the life of the mammal.

Fur seal
Fur seals are any of nine species of pinnipeds belonging to the subfamily Arctocephalinae in the family Otariidae. They are much more closely related to sea lions than true seals, and share with them external ears  (pinnae), relatively long and muscular foreflippers, and the ability to walk on all fours. They are marked by their dense underfur, which made them a long-time object of commercial hunting. Eight species belong to the genus Arctocephalus and are found primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, while a ninth species also sometimes called fur seal, the Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), belongs to a different genus and inhabits the North Pacific. The fur seals in Arctocephalus are more closely related to sea lions than they are to the Northern fur seal, but all three groups are more closely related to one another than they are to true seals.
Praenetus
Praenetus or Prainetos (Ancient Greek: Πραίνετος), also known as Prinetos or Prinetus (Πρίνετος) was a town of ancient Bithynia on the coast of the Propontis. It is on the east of Karamürsel and at the southern entrance of the Sinus Astacenus. It was situated 28 Roman miles to the northwest of Nicaea. Stephanus of Byzantium calls it Pronectus or Pronektos (Πρόνεκτος) and states that it was founded by the Phoenicians. If this be true, it would be a very ancient place, which can scarcely be conceived, as it is mentioned only by very late writers. According to Cedrenus it was destroyed by an earthquake. It was a bishopric; no longer the seat of a residential bishop, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Karamürsel, in Asiatic Turkey.

Gulf of İzmit
Gulf of İzmit (Turkish: İzmit körfezi), also referred to as İzmit Bay, is a bay at the easternmost edge of the Sea of Marmara, in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The gulf takes its name from the city of İzmit. Other cities and towns around the bay are Gebze, Körfez, Gölcük, and Altınova.

In the east–west direction, it extends for a length of about 48 kilometres (30 mi), while in the north–south direction its width varies from 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 mi) at the narrowest spots to about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) at its widest. The İzmit Bay Bridge is a suspension bridge that bridges the gulf.

The North Anatolian Fault Zone, the most prominent active fault in Turkey and the source of numerous large earthquakes throughout history, passes through the Gulf of İzmit.
Old Poland Voivodeship
Old Poland Voivodeship (Polish: Wojewodztwo staropolskie) was a proposed Voivodeship of Poland, which, however, has not been created. It was to cover the area of northern part of the historical province of Lesser Poland, with such cities as Częstochowa, Kielce and Sandomierz (first draft also included Radom).

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).