hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1980 Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes for 1980 were announced on April 14, 1980. A total of 1,550 entries were submitted for prizes in 19 categories of journalism and the arts. Finalists were chosen by expert juries in each category, and winners were then chosen by the 16-member Pulitzer Prize Board, presided over by Clayton Kirkpatrick. For the first time in the Prizes' history, juries were asked to name at least three finalists in each category, and the finalists were announced in addition to the winners. Each prize carried a $1,000 award, except for the Public Service prize, which came with a gold medal.

The winner in each category is listed first, in bold, followed by the other finalists.

Clayton Kirkpatrick
Clayton Kirkpatrick (January 8, 1915 – June 19, 2004) was an American journalist who was the editor of the Chicago Tribune newspaper from 1969 until 1979. He is credited with modernizing the Tribune, shifting its news coverage and editorial page away from reflexive partisanship and—in a famous editorial—calling for the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.
Basler BT-67
The Basler BT-67 is a utility aircraft produced by Basler Turbo Conversions of Oshkosh, Wisconsin. It is a remanufactured and modified Douglas C-47 Skytrain / Douglas DC-3; the modifications are designed to significantly extend the DC-3's serviceable lifetime.

Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Oshkosh (/ˈɒʃkɒʃ/ ⓘ) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on the western shore of Lake Winnebago, adjacent to the much less populous Town of Oshkosh in the north. The population was 66,816 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Oshkosh metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Winnebago County, had 171,730 residents. Oshkosh is included in the greater Fox Cities region of Wisconsin.
Baghamari
Baghamari is a village located in the Western part of Khordha district in the Indian state of Odisha. The population is more than 20,000. The meaning of the name of this village is 'Killing the Tigers'. In times prior to Independence of India (1947), the area was deeply forested and populated with wild animals.

Khordha
Khordha is a city and a Municipality area in Khordha District in the Indian state of Odisha.  Bhubaneswar, is the capital of Odisha located within the Khordha district and is only 25 km from Khordha town. Odisha State Highway 1 and National Highway 16 run via this town.
Mohd Kamaruddin Abu Bakar
Mohd Kamaruddin bin Abu Bakar is a Malaysian politician from UMNO. He was the Member of Perak State Legislative Assembly for Kuala Sepetang from 2018 to 2022. He is the current chief of UMNO Bukit Gantang branch.

Perak State Legislative Assembly
The Perak State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Perak) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Perak. It is composed of 59 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, along with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies.

The Assembly convenes at the Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan in the state capital, Ipoh. At 59 seats, it is the largest state assembly among the 11 legislatures of the States of Malaya.
Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine
Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the use of systems approaches including genomic, cellular, proteomic, metabolomic, bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical, to address fundamental questions in reproductive biology, reproductive medicine, and translational research. The journal publishes research involving human and animal gametes, stem cells, developmental biology, toxicology, and clinical care in reproductive medicine.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Gogglebox Ireland
Gogglebox Ireland is an Irish reality show, broadcast on Virgin Media One from 22 September 2016 onwards and a co-production between Kite Entertainment in Dublin and Studio Lambert in London. The series is based on the original UK version and features 15 groups of families and friends from around Ireland who react to Irish, British and American television shows broadcast in Ireland.  As well as RTÉ, Virgin Media Television and TG4, British channels BBC One, BBC Two and Channel 4 are also available to ROI viewers so these are included in the programmes reviewed along with some broadcast on satellite channels such as Sky Showcase, TLC and MTV.

Virgin Media Television (Ireland)
Virgin Media Television Ltd. (formerly known as TV3 Television Network Ltd.; previously traded as the TV3 Group until August 2018) is a commercial television company in Ireland, based in Dublin. Launched in 1998 as TV3 Television Network, the TV3 Group was formed in January 2009. The company was acquired by Liberty Global in 2015, and the channels were rebranded to Virgin Media Television in 2018.

Virgin Media Ireland was reportedly put up for sale by its owner Liberty Global in June 2021. By November 2021, the then chief executive had reportedly "ruled this out".
1993 Estoril Open
The 1993 Estoril Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. This event was the 4th edition of the Estoril Open, included in the 1993 ATP Tour World Series. The event took place at the Estoril Court Central, in Oeiras, Portugal, from 29 March through 5 April 1993. Fifth-seeded Andriy Medvedev won the singles title.

1993 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
North Dakota College Athletic Conference
The North Dakota College Athletic Conference (NDCAC) was a college athletic conference that operated from 1931 to 2000 with member schools located in the states of Minnesota and North Dakota. The conference formed in November 1931, as the North Dakota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NDIAC), after the dissolution of the Interstate Athletic Conference. Later known as North Dakota Intercollegiate Conference (NDIC), the conference ceased operations following the 1999–00 academic school year when it merged with the South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference (SDIC) to form the Dakota Athletic Conference (DAC).

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Gilbert Villegas
Gilbert Villegas (born October 26, 1970) is an American politician. He is a member of the Chicago City Council, serving as alderperson for the city's 36th ward. The 36th ward includes Belmont-Cragin, Galewood, Hermosa, Humboldt Park, Montclare and Portage Park.
 Prior to his election to the Chicago City Council, he served as chief of staff of the Illinois Capital Development Board.

Humboldt Park, Chicago
Humboldt Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the West Side of Chicago. The Humboldt Park neighborhood is known for its dynamic social and ethnic demographic change over the years. The Puerto Rican community has identified strongly with the area since the 1970s. Humboldt Park is also the name of the Chicago Park District's historic 207-acre (0.8 km2) park or public garden adjacent to the community area.
Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: A Musical Journey
Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: A Musical Journey is a 2003 box set released on Hip-O Records. It is the soundtrack to the Martin Scorsese PBS documentary series The Blues. The box set attempts to present a history of the blues from the dawning of recorded music to the present day. It offers a survey of many different blues subgenres and tangential music styles, as well as a survey of almost all the most notable blues performers over time.

In 2004, the box set won two Grammy Awards for Best Historical Album and Best Album Notes. The previous year it was number 2 on the Billboard's Top Blues Albums chart.

Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: A Musical Journey is also the title of a 2003 companion book to the series. Writers/editors include Peter Guralnick, Robert Santelli, Holly George-Warren and Christopher John Farley.

Grammy Award for Best Album Notes
The Grammy Award – Best Album Notes has been presented since 1964. From 1973 to 1976 (the 15th through 18th Awards), a second award was presented for Best Album Notes – Classical. Those awards are listed under those years below. The award recognizes albums with excellent album notes, sometimes referred to as liner notes. It is presented to the album notes author or authors, not to the artists or performers on the winning work, except if the artist is also the album notes author.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
James Jamieson (Australian doctor)
James Jamieson (5 June 1840 – 1 August 1916 ) was a Scottish-born Australian medical doctor, president of the Royal Society of Victoria in 1901.

Jamieson was born Beith, Ayrshire, Scotland and educated in Glasgow, awarded MD in 1862. In 1868 he moved to Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia where he set up a practice.

Jamieson moved to Melbourne in 1877 and was honorary physician in the outpatient department of the Melbourne Hospital in 1879–84; he then moved to the Alfred Hospital until his retirement in 1908. He also lectured at the University of Melbourne.

Jamieson published Typhoid Fever in Melbourne in 1887 and Contributions to the Vital Statistics of Australia in 1882. He also contributed to the Medical Journal of Australia (editor 1883–87), Melbourne Review, Victorian Review, Daily Telegraph, The Argus, The Age and Australasian.

The upper esophageal sphincter herniation disorder called Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum is named after him.

The Argus (Melbourne)
The Argus was an Australian daily morning newspaper in Melbourne from 2 June 1846 to 19 January 1957, and was considered to be the general Australian newspaper of record for this period. Widely known as a conservative newspaper for most of its history, it adopted a left-leaning approach from 1949. The Argus's main competitor was David Syme's more liberal-minded newspaper, The Age.
Bruna (river)
The Bruna is a river of about 42 km in the northern part of the province of Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy.

Its sources are located in the Metalliferous Hills just south of Massa Marittima. The river initially flows east, forming the Lake Accesa, and receives several small left-bank tributaries before turning south as it enters the northern Grosseto plain near the villages of Castellaccia and Giuncarico in the municipality of Gavorrano.

After passing the settlement of Macchiascandona, the river curves southwest bordering the Diaccia Botrona wetland. It continues to Castiglione della Pescaia, where it flows under the Giorgini Bridge and empties into the Tyrrhenian Sea. The port of Castiglione della Pescaia is located at its mouth.

Castiglione della Pescaia
Castiglione della Pescaia (Italian pronunciation: [kastiʎˈʎoːne della peˈskaːja]; abbreviated by locals as Castiglione or Castiglioni), is an ancient seaside town in the province of Grosseto, in Tuscany, central Italy. Situated in the Grossetan Maremma, the modern town grew around a medieval 12th century fortress (Italian: castello) and a large fishery, from which it acquired its designation. Today Castiglione is a very popular tourist destination with attractions that include beaches, natural parks, biking trails, historical Etruscan archaeological sites, a panoramic mediaeval hamlet as well as the Diaccia Botrona Nature Reserve, a swampy humid environment of historical relevance whose endangered wildlife comprise pink flamingoes, mallards and ducks.

Castiglione della Pescaia is home to the second most expensive street in Italy for property prices, with average values exceeding those of homes in every other Italian street except one, also in Tuscany.
1878 City of Wellington by-election
The 1878 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member City of Wellington electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 18 February 1878.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the two incumbent MPs, William Travers, and led to his replacement by George Elliott Barton as a form of protest.

6th New Zealand Parliament
The 6th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand.

Elections for this term were held in 69 European electorates between 20 December 1875 and 29 January 1876. Elections in the four Māori electorates were held on 4 and 15 January 1876. A total of 88 MPs were elected. Parliament was prorogued in August 1879. During the term of this Parliament, five Ministries were in power.
Winawer
Winawer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Szymon Winawer (1838–1919), Polish chess player

Bruno Winawer (1883–1944), Polish columnist, comedy writer, and physicist

Melodie Winawer, American neurologist

Bruno Winawer
Bruno Winawer (17 March 1883 in Warsaw, Poland – 11 April 1944 in Opole Lubelskie, Poland) was a Jewish-descended Polish physicist, columnist, and author of comedies, science fiction novels, short stories, and poetry.
Women's Guksu
The Women's Guksu or Women's Kuksu (Korean: 여자국수전; Hanja: 女子國手戰; RR: Yeojaguksujeon), officially Pro Woman Baduk Masters, is a South Korean women's Go competition. The tournament was established in 1994 and is held annually (except 2001 and 2004). It is organized by The Korea Economic Daily.

The name guksu, with Sino-Korean etymology from guk 'nation' and su 'hand', is shared with the now-discontinued Guksu competition which had no gender restriction.

The winner's prize is 30 million won and the runner-up's prize is 10 million won (since 2023). Formerly, the winner's prize was 12 million won in 2018, 15 million won in 2019 and 2020, 20 million won in 2021, and 25 million won in 2022. Since 2024, the tournament uses an increment-based time control (Fischer time), with 30 minutes of main time plus 30 seconds per move.

Sino-Korean vocabulary
Sino-Korean vocabulary or Hanjaeo (Korean: 한자어; Hanja: 漢字語) refers to Korean words of Chinese origin. Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created from Chinese characters, and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height of Chinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or altered for the Korean language.

Estimates of the percentage of Sino-Korean ranges from as low as 30% to as high as 70%. According to the Standard Korean Language Dictionary published by the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL), Sino-Korean represents approximately 57% of the Korean vocabulary.
Jan Jansen (historian)
Dr. Jan Jansen (born 1962) of Leiden University, Netherlands, is a historian and anthropologist specialising in the oral history of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali.

Jansen is the managing editor of History in Africa, the journal of the African Studies Association. He is also a founding editor of Mande Worlds, published by LIT Verlag, Munster/Hamburg, and African Sources for African History, published by Brill, Leiden.

African Sources for African History
African Sources for African History is a book series published by Brill that publishes critical editions of indigenous African narrative sources from sub-Saharan Africa. The series aims to expand the sources available to historians of Africa, and to rectify bias that may have been introduced into the writing of African history through an over-reliance on sources written by Europeans.

The first in the series was the 2001 Somono Bala of the Upper Niger, an epic story of fishing people, translated into English from the Maninka language for the first time.
5,6-Dihydroxyindole
5,6-Dihydroxyindole, also known as aminochrome, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H7NO2.  It is an intermediate in the production of the biological pigment eumelanin.  5,6-Dihydroxyindole is biosynthesized from L-dopachrome in a reaction catalyzed by a tyrosinase enzyme and is further converted into indole-5,6-quinone.  In humans, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is involved in the metabolic disorder hawkinsinuria.

In some insects, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is a reactive compound that is produced as a component of defense responses and has antibacterial and antifungal activity.

A laboratory synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyindole can be accomplished starting from 3,4-dibenzyloxybenzaldehyde. This compound is condensed with nitromethane in a Henry reaction, followed by nitration, reduction of the nitro groups, and hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting groups.

Tyrosinase
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis otherwise known as the Raper–Mason pathway. Firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. It is found inside melanosomes which are synthesized in the skin melanocytes. In humans, the tyrosinase enzyme is encoded by the TYR gene.
Mount Fitzwilliam
Mount Fitzwilliam is a 2,901-metre (9,518-foot) mountain summit located in the Canadian Rockies within Mount Robson Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. Mount Fitzwilliam is situated 6.0 km (3.7 mi) south of Yellowhead Pass and 4.0 km (2.5 mi) west of the Continental Divide, near the headwaters of the Fraser River. Its nearest higher peak is Roche Noire, 8.5 km (5.3 mi) to the east. Mt. Fitzwilliam is a prominent landmark seen from eastbound Highway 16 before travelers enter Jasper National Park from the west entrance. The mountain is also visible to riders on the Canadian train.

Mount Robson Provincial Park
Mount Robson Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies with an area of 2,249 km2. The park is located entirely within British Columbia, bordering Jasper National Park in Alberta. The B.C. legislature created the park in 1913, the same year as the first ascent of Mount Robson by a party led by Conrad Kain. It is the second-oldest park in the provincial system.  The park is named for Mount Robson, which has the highest point in the Canadian Rockies and is located entirely within the park.
Md Aminul Islam Khan
Md Aminul Islam Khan is a retired Bangladeshi civil servant and former senior secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs. He was the secretary of the Ministry of Primary and Mass Education. He was arrested and charged with murder of the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (Bengali: স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Swôrāstrô Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for internal security, law enforcement, and domestic policy. It serves as the country’s principal interior ministry and oversees key law enforcement, paramilitary, and intelligence agencies. The ministry is also responsible for public safety and policing, border security, immigration, the issuance of passports, and civil registration.
Cot Valley
Cot Valley is located half-a-mile south of St Just in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It has a very mild microclimate.

The stream which runs down the valley discharges into the Atlantic Ocean at Nanven. This area of Cornwall was once mined for tin (see Mining in Cornwall for details) as evidenced today by the ruins along the stream.

There is a settlement in Cot Valley and a youth hostel. The valley is secluded and is home to a variety of wildlife. Birdwatchers visit in autumn to see rare vagrants and migratory birds. More recently Cornish choughs have been seen in the valley; other birds regularly seen include buzzards, tawny owls, and stonechats. From the mouth of the valley at Porth Nanven, seals are frequently seen and occasionally dolphins and basking sharks.

Saxicola
Saxicola (Latin: saxum, rock + incola, dwelling in), the stonechats or chats, is a genus of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. They are insectivores occurring in open scrubland and grassland with scattered small shrubs. The genus contains 18 species, of which four are prehistoric.
Fernanfloo
Luis Fernando Flores Alvarado (born 7 July 1993), better known as Fernanfloo, is a  Salvadoran gaming and comedy YouTuber. He has uploaded more than 571 videos, with over 10 billion total views. His channel has 50 million subscribers. As of June 2025, his channel is the 87th-most-subscribed channel on YouTube, and the fifth most-subscribed Spanish-speaking channel behind El Reino Infantil, Mikecrack, JuegaGerman and Juan de Dios Pantoja. It is currently the second-most subscribed channel in El Salvador and Central America, behind only Alfredo Larin, another Salvadoran YouTuber.

Mikecrack
Miguel Bernal Montes (born 1993), better known online as Mikecrack, is a Spanish YouTuber, computer animator and singer known for his let's plays of video games, as well as his animations and musical parodies.
Petrus Delport
Commandant Petrus Jacobus Delport (bef. 20 February 1757 – 1797) was leader of the Swellendam Patriot Movement in the 1790s. He was also the National Commander (vice president) of the Republic of Swellendam in 1795. He was banished from the Cape for rebelling against the British and then fled to the Netherlands.

Swellendam
Swellendam (Afrikaans: [ˈsvæləndam]) is the third oldest town in South Africa (after Cape Town and Stellenbosch), a town with 17,537 inhabitants situated in the Western Cape province. The town has over 50 provincial heritage sites, most of them buildings of Cape Dutch architecture. Swellendam is situated on the N2, approximately 220 km (140 miles) from both Cape Town and George.
Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi Zanjani
Ayatollah Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi Zanjani (Persian: سیداسماعیل موسوی زنجانی, 1928 – 18 December 2002) was an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician. He was a member of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Assembly of Experts from the Zanjan Province electorate. He was imam Jumu'ah for Zanjan and Representative of the Supreme Leader in Zanjan Province in the period after Iranian Revolution until his death.

Zanjan province
Zanjan province (Persian: استان زنجان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Zanjan. It is a mountainous province with close to 22,000 km2 of land placed in Iran's Region 3. Two-thirds of the people of the province live in the cities, mainly the capital and Abhar.