hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr
Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr was reputedly the illegitimate son of Owain Glyndŵr, the last native-Welsh Prince of Wales. The possibility of his existence was uncovered through the work of Peter Bartrum which is currently being edited by the University of Wales Aberystwyth. Ieuan ab Owain and his descendants are detailed in Peniarth Manuscript 287 in the hand of Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt (c.1592–1667) and also in the manuscript known as Harley 1969 by Griffith Hughes (1634–1665) - the original manuscripts are kept at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth and the British Library respectively.

Ieuan, who is thought to have been born around 1380 and to have died around 1430, is thought to have had three sons:

Maredudd ab Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr

Robert ab Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr

Iorwerth ab Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Roads and Transit
Roads and Transit was a ballot measure in the U.S. State of Washington concerning transportation, that was sent to voters in the Snohomish, King, and Pierce Counties for approval on November 6, 2007.  It was defeated by a margin of 56% to 44%.

In 2006, the Washington State Legislature required Sound Transit and the Regional Transportation Investment District or RTID planning committee to jointly submit a transportation financing plan to voters in the 2007 general election.  RTID and Sound Transit began working together on the Roads and Transit plan in June 2006. Along with regional planning and transportation agencies, they conducted years of engineering and design work. They also informed the public and collected public comments through open houses, surveys, letters, meetings and hearings.

Washington State Legislature
The Washington State Legislature is the state legislature of the State of Washington. It is a bicameral body, composed of the lower Washington House of Representatives, composed of 98 representatives, and the upper Washington State Senate, with 49 senators plus the lieutenant governor acting as president.

The state is divided into 49 legislative districts, each of which elect one senator and two representatives. Senators and the lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms while representatives are elected to two-year terms.

The state legislature meets in the Legislative Building at the Washington State Capitol in Olympia.

As of January 2025, Democrats control both houses of the Washington State Legislature. Democrats hold a 59–39 majority in the House of Representatives and a 30–19 majority in the Senate.
Sainikudu
Sainikudu (transl. Soldier) is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language political action drama film co-written and directed by Gunasekhar and produced by C. Aswani Dutt and Swapna Dutt. It stars Mahesh Babu, Trisha and Irrfan Khan in the lead roles, while Prakash Raj, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Telangana Shakuntala, and Ajay play supporting roles. The film marks Irrfan Khan's only Telugu film till date. The music, cinematography and editing were handled by Harris Jayaraj, Balasubramaniem and A. Sreekar Prasad.

Sainikudu was released on 30 November 2006 and became a box-office bomb. The film was partially reshot in Tamil as Kumaran, with a comedy track involving Vadivelu.

Balasubramaniem
K. T. Balasubramaniem (born 18 August 1966) is an Indian cinematographer. Under the tutelage of P. C. Sreeram for nearly 5 years, he worked in award-winning films such as Thevar Magan, Thiruda Thiruda and Kuruthipunal.
Judge Pursuivant
Judge Keith Hilary Pursuivant is a fictional character and a supporting character in a series of stories (1938–41) by American author Manly Wade Wellman (1903–1986). Pursuivant is a retired judge, author, and occult scholar who investigates mysterious supernatural events.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
2007–08 Eerste Klasse
2007–08 Eerste Klasse was a Dutch association football season of the Eerste Klasse.

Saturday champions were:

A: RKAV Volendam

B: SVV Scheveningen

C: VV Heerjansdam

D: SDC Putten

E: Harkemase Boys

Sunday champions were:

A: FC Hilversum

B: HBS Craeyenhout

C: TSV Longa

D: SV Venray

E: VV Germania

F: SC Joure

RKAV Volendam
Rooms Katholieke Amateur Voetbalvereniging (Dutch: Roman Catholic Amateur Football Club), abbreviated as RKAV Volendam, is a Dutch football team. It competes in the 2024–25 Tweede Divisie, after reaching promotion from the Derde Divisie A in 2024.
Chris Combs (composer)
Chris Combs is a composer, arranger, steel guitarist, and producer from Tulsa, Oklahoma. He has been a part of the jazz group Jacob Fred Jazz Odyssey since 2008 and has joined contemporary artists like George Porter Jr, Matt Chamberlain, Jeff Coffin, Steven Bernstein, Skerik, Johnny Vidacovich, and Mike Dillon on stage and in the studio. Combs released a self-titled solo album in Oct 2017 debuting a new project called COMBSY.

Johnny Vidacovich
John Joseph Vidacovich Jr. (born June 27, 1949) is an American jazz drummer and a member of the band Astral Project with  James Singleton, Tony Dagradi, and Steve Masakowski, as well as Nolatet with Mike Dillon and Brian Haas.

He has also worked with Bobby McFerrin, Stanton Moore, Charlie Hunter, Willy DeVille, Robert Walter, Mose Allison, Johnny Adams, Professor Longhair, James Booker, and Alvin Tyler. He began teaching at Loyola University New Orleans in 1982.
Dmitry Tsvetkov
Dmitriy Alexandrovich Tsvetkov (Russian: Дмитрий Александрович Цветков; born September 10, 1983) is a Russian orienteering competitor and past European champion. He received a gold medal in the long distance at the 2008 European Orienteering Championships in Ventspils, and also a gold medal in the relay event, together with Andrey Khramov and Valentin Novikov. Dmitry also won two gold medals at JWOC 2003 in Estonia in a classic distance and relay. On March 5, 2022, Dmitry Tsvetkov supported the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Ventspils
Ventspils (Latvian: [ˈvæntspils] ⓘ) is a state city in northwestern Latvia in the historical Courland region of Latvia, and is the sixth largest city in the country.

At the beginning of 2020, Ventspils had a population of 33,906. It is situated on the Venta River and the Baltic Sea, and has an ice-free port. The city's name literally means "castle on the Venta", referring to the Livonian Order's castle built alongside the Venta River.
La taupe et les papillons
La taupe et les papillons (The Mole and the Butterflies) is an opera by the French composer Étienne Méhul. It takes the form of a comédie lyrique in one act. The libretto is by Ange-Étienne-Xavier Poisson de La Chabeaussière. Composed in 1797–1798, it was due to be staged at the Théâtre Montansier in 1799 but political censorship meant the opera was never performed.

Étienne Méhul
Étienne Nicolas Méhul (French: [etjɛn nikɔla meyl]; 22 June 1763 – 18 October 1817) was a French composer of the late classical and early romantic periods. He was known as  "the most important opera composer in France during the Revolution". He was also the first composer to be called a "Romantic". He is known particularly for his operas, written in keeping with the reforms introduced by Christoph Willibald Gluck and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Kupol Airport
Kupol Airport is an airport which services the eponymously named gold and silver mine, which is one of the largest gold and silver mines in the Russian Far East.

It was built by the Kinross Gold Corporation. It is used to support the needs of its enterprise's operations in the Anadyr region of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (400 km northwest of the city of Anadyr).

The nearest village is Ilirney, located 96 km from airport.

Anadyr (town)
Anadyr (Russian: Ана́дырь, IPA: [ɐˈnadɨrʲ] ⓘ; Chukot: Кагыргын, romanized: Kagyrgyn, IPA: [kɑɣərˈɣən]; Southern Chukchi: Въэӈын, romanized: V"èňyn, Central Siberian Yupik: Ўиңа/Ўиңын, romanized: Winga/Wingen, IPA [ɣʷiŋən]) is a port town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located at the mouth of the Anadyr River at the tip of a peninsula that protrudes into Anadyrsky Liman. It was previously known as Novo-Mariinsk (until 1923). Anadyr is the easternmost town in Russia; more easterly settlements, such as Provideniya and Uelen, do not have town status.
Lodipur
Lodipur (the village of Lodi) is a common name for villages in India, including:

Lodipur, Tekari, Gaya district, a village in Tekari block in Gaya district, Bihar

Lodipur, Dih, Raebareli, a village in Dih block in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh

Lodipur, Khiron, a village in Khiron community development block in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh

Lodi dynasty
The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan royal family that ruled the Sultanate of Delhi from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
Reno Rumble season 2
Reno Rumble: East v West is the second season of Australian reality television series Reno Rumble, it aired on the Nine Network. Unlike the first season which pit former contestants from The Block against former contestants from House Rules, this season had state based rookie teams from either the East or West side of Australia competing against each other. It was hosted by Scott Cam and Shelley Craft and judged by Colin McAllister and Justin Ryan. It premiered Monday 21 March 2016. The first episode was available online (9Now & Facebook page) one day ahead of its premiere on Sunday 20 March 2016. Homebase is set at Pipemakers Park, Maribyrnong River.

Due to unexpected low ratings, from Monday 4 April only 2 episodes a week aired and was pushed back an hour to 8:30 pm timeslot. The season was won by Lisa & John who received $100,000.

The Block (Australian TV series)
The Block is an Australian reality television series broadcast on the Nine Network. The series follows four or five couples as they compete against each other to renovate and style houses/apartments and sell them at auction for the highest price.

The original series first ran for two consecutive seasons in 2003 and 2004, and was originally hosted by Jamie Durie.

The Nine Network revived The Block after a six-year absence, with a third season commenced airing on 22 September 2010, this time hosted by television personality and builder Scott Cam. Shelley Craft joined as co-host from the fourth season.

The Block has a large number of commercial sponsors and prominently features brand sponsorships regularly throughout episodes.
Horizontal transmission
Horizontal transmission is the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship. Because the evolutionary fate of the agent is not tied to reproductive success of the host, horizontal transmission tends to evolve virulence.  It is therefore a critical concept for evolutionary medicine.

Evolutionary medicine
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease.  Modern biomedical research and practice have focused on the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying health and disease, while evolutionary medicine focuses on the question of why evolution has shaped these mechanisms in ways that may leave us susceptible to disease.  The evolutionary approach has driven important advances in the understanding of cancer, autoimmune disease, and anatomy. Medical schools have been slower to integrate evolutionary approaches because of limitations on what can be added to existing medical curricula. The International Society for Evolution, Medicine and Public Health coordinates efforts to develop the field. It owns the Oxford University Press journal Evolution, Medicine and Public Health and The Evolution and Medicine Review.
Ben 10: Ultimate Challenge
Ben 10: Ultimate Challenge is a game show for children themed after the Ben 10 series, developed by Turner Broadcasting System Europe in association with Twenty Twenty for various regional Cartoon Network channels. The show is running in twenty-five countries, and in seventeen countries in different languages and hosts starting from late 2011. Contestants include children between 7 and 12 years old. In 2011, twelve separate editions catering separate markets and feeds were shot at the studios in London.

In 2013, an Asian-exclusive version titled Ben 10: Ultimate Challenge Asia was produced in Malaysia by Astro Productions for Cartoon Network. The series aired only in five Southeast Asian countries – Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia – and was hosted by Nabil Mahir.

The series had a revival as Ben 10 Challenge following the Ben 10 reboot. Ben 10 Challenge premiered on Cartoon Network UK on 13 October 2017.

Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA
Warner Bros. Discovery Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) is a division of Warner Bros. Discovery. The division is responsible for managing the collection of their cable and satellite networks around the Europe, Middle East and Africa regions.
2010 Netherlands Antilles general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 22 January 2010. Voters elected the 22 members of the Estates, or parliament, of the Netherlands Antilles. It has been the country's last general election, as the Netherlands Antilles have ceased to exist as a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 10 October 2010. At the time of the elections, the Netherlands Antilles consisted of the Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten.

Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles
The Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Staten van de Nederlandse Antillen; Papiamento: Parlamento di Antias Hulandes), also translated as the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles, was the parliament of the Netherlands Antilles. It comprised 22 members, elected for a four-year term in three multi-seat constituencies and two single-seat constituencies. On 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles were dissolved, and so was the parliament.
Battle of Montgey
The Battle of Montgey was a military engagement which took place in April 1211 and is considered the first field battle of the Albigensian Crusade. The battle took place in the Occitania region of Southern France near the town of Montgey. A southern force led by Raymond-Roger, Count of Foix ambushed and defeated an army of German and Frisian crusaders on their way to the Siege of Lavaur.

Guillaume de Puylaurens
Guillaume de Puylaurens (in Occitan, Guilhèm de Puèglaurenç; in Latin, Guillelmus de Podio Laurenti; in English, William of Puylaurens) is a 13th-century Latin chronicler, author of a history of Catharism and of the Albigensian Crusade.

He was born soon after 1200 at Toulouse, where he perhaps studied at the nascent university and gained the title of "Master". He worked with bishop Foulques around 1228 to 1230. He was curé at Puylaurens (Tarn) from 1237 to 1240 (whence his name) and during this period was close to Foulques' successor as bishop, Raimond du Fauga. From 1244 onwards he was chaplain to Raymond VII of Toulouse and was present at Raymond's death on September 27, 1249. He lived until 1274 at least, occasionally working for the Inquisition.

His work is entitled simply Cronica (in English, "Chronicle").
Xerophyta
Xerophyta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Velloziaceae. It was named in 1789 by de Jussieu. It is native to Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula.

Some species in this genus are poikilochlorophyllous plants. This means that during dry climatic conditions, they lose chlorophyll and cease photosynthesis and transpiration. Thus they are extremely tolerant of desiccation . Hence the name Xerophyta, from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xeros, "dry") and  φυτά (phutá), plural of φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).

Sequencing of the genome of Xerophyta viscosa allowed to propose that the mechanism of desiccation tolerance in these plants is achieved by employing the genetic repertoire used by desiccation-tolerant seeds.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera: Barbaceniopsis Nanuza Vellozia

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
Barry Bell
Barry Bell (born June 22, 1951) is an American film, television, stage and voice actor. He is best known for portraying Steve Gayton from Stephen King's 1986 film Maximum Overdrive, Barnett Gibons from This World, Then the Fireworks 1997 film, Rocco Petrone from HBO's From the Earth to the Moon 1998, Saul Hertz from Morning 2000 film, Wilkinson from Bruno (2000) film, Lt. Feuer from  One of Her Own 1994 (TV) film, Dugan from Legacy 1999 (TV series) and as Mason, CIA from Target Earth a 1998 TV film.

This World, Then the Fireworks
This World, Then the Fireworks is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Michael Oblowitz and starring Billy Zane, Gina Gershon, and Sheryl Lee. The screenplay is based on a short story of the same name by Jim Thompson.
Hanns Zischler
Hanns Zischler (born 18 June 1947) is a German actor known for his cooperation with Wim Wenders's early films especially Kings of the Road (1976). Later he became an international star with his portrayal of Hans in Steven Spielberg's film Munich and the Russian Mafia's boss Igor Sergeyevich Baklanov in the 1996 pilot movie Der Clown. Zischler has appeared in more than 300 movies since 1968.
He is known in Sweden for his role as Josef Hillman in the second season of the Martin Beck TV series, though his voice is dubbed.

Kings of the Road
Kings of the Road (German: Im Lauf der Zeit, "In The Course of Time") is a 1976 German road film directed by Wim Wenders. It was the third part of Wenders' "Road Movie trilogy" which included Alice in the Cities (1974) and The Wrong Move (1975). It was the unanimous winner of the FIPRESCI Prize at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.
Minář
Minář (feminine: Minářová) is a Czech surname. It is a dialectical form of the word mlynář, i.e. 'miller'. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivo Minář (born 1984), Czech tennis player

Jan Minář (born 1981), Czech tennis player

Ladislav Minář (born 1969), Czech football manager

Thomas J. Minar, American academic administrator

Ladislav Minář
Ladislav Minář (born 18 June 1969) is a Czech football manager. He is currently the sporting director of Sigma Olomouc.

Minář led Zlín in the 2008–09 Gambrinus liga as caretaker manager between the dismissal of previous boss Josef Mazura in the 7th round and the appointment of Stanislav Levý in the 12th round of matches. When Levy was sacked after the team took just one point from five matches, Minář was appointed to take charge of the team for the rest of the season. The club were relegated from the league at the end of the season, and the following season the club failed to win promotion back to the top division, ultimately finishing third in the 2009–10 Czech 2. Liga. Subsequently, Minář left his position at the end of the season.

Minář was appointed caretaker manager at Mladá Boleslav towards the end of the 2010–11 Gambrinus liga. During his short term in charge, the club won the 2010–11 Czech Cup. In September 2012, Minář was again given the job of manager at Mladá Boleslav.
Lake Paradise (Michigan)
Lake Paradise, historically called "Carp Lake", is a lake that feeds the Carp Lake River.  It is primarily located within Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan, with an eastern bay of the lake extending into Cheboygan County. The lake covers an area of 1,900 acres (7.7 km2). The community of Carp Lake is located near the lake's western shore.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources operates a boat ramp on the lake's west shore.  The lake is noted for bass, perch, northern pike, and walleye.  As with other lakes in northern Michigan, Lake Paradise has been affected by invasive Eurasian watermilfoil.  The lake is served by U.S. Highway 31 at Carp Lake. The nearest limited-access interchange is exit 336 on Interstate 75.

Lake Paradise should not be confused with Paradise Lake in Cass County, Michigan.

Cass County, Michigan
Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 51,589. Its county seat is Cassopolis. Cass County is included in the South Bend-Mishawaka metropolitan area which has a total population of 316,663 and is considered part of the Michiana region.
Puget Sound mosquito fleet
The Puget Sound mosquito fleet was a multitude of private transportation companies running smaller passenger and freight boats on Puget Sound and nearby waterways and rivers.  This large group of steamers and sternwheelers plied the waters of Puget Sound, stopping at every waterfront dock.  The historical period defining the beginning and end of the mosquito fleet is ambiguous, but the peak of activity occurred between the First and Second World Wars.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.