hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khass Beg ibn Palang-Eri
Khass Beg ibn Palang-Eri (also spelled Khassbeg; died April/May 1153) was a Turkmen amir (commander) of the Seljuk sultanate of Iraq, who dominated the sultanate in the 1140s.

According to an expanded version of the Saljuq-nama, Khass Beg grew up with a group of Turkmens who had their summer pastures on Mount Sabalan, in the eastern part of Azerbaijan, and their winter pastures most likely in Mughan or Arran, in the South Caucasus.

Following the death of the Seljuk sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (r. 1134–1152) in 1152, Khass conducted the succession in Hamadan, successfully making Malik-Shah III (r. 1152–1153) acknowledged as the new sultan. After three months, however, Khass Beg had Malik-Shah III replaced with his brother Muhammad II ibn Mahmud (r. 1153–1159). When Muhammad II reached Hamadan, he had Khass Beg killed by amirs who envied his ascendancy.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Lattice of subgroups
In mathematics, the lattice of subgroups of a group  is the lattice whose elements are the subgroups of , with the partial ordering being set inclusion.
In this lattice, the join of two subgroups is the subgroup generated by their union, and the meet of two subgroups is their intersection.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.
Antoine Toussaint de Chazal
Antoine Toussaint de Chazal (1770–1854) was a French settler established as a planter on the Isle de France (now Mauritius).

De Chazal was born on 15 December 1770, in Port Louis, Isle de France.

He was deputy of the district of Pamplemousses, in the colonial Assembly of the Isle de France.

He was an amateur painter and is known for his portrait of the British cartographer and Royal Navy captain Matthew Flinders, painted in 1806–1807.

The fourth edition of the Benezit Dictionary of Artists confuses him with the painter Antoine Chazal (1793–1854).

He died in Moka, Isle de France, on 25 December 1822 and is an ancestor of Malcolm de Chazal.

Benezit Dictionary of Artists
The Benezit Dictionary of Artists (in French, Bénézit: Dictionnaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs) is an extensive publication of bibliographical information on painters, sculptors, designers and engravers created primarily for art museums, auction houses, historians and dealers. It was published by Éditions Gründ in Paris but has been sold to Oxford University Press.
Alypus
Alypus (Ancient Greek: Ἄλυπος) was a sculptor of ancient Greece, a native of Sicyon.  He studied under Naucydes of Argos.  His age may be fixed from his having executed bronze statues of some Spartans who shared in the victory of Lysander at Aegospotami around 405 BC.  Pausanias also mentions some statues of victors of the Ancient Olympic Games made by him.

Lysander
Lysander (/laɪˈsændər, ˈlaɪˌsændər/; Ancient Greek: Λύσανδρος Lysandros; c. 454 BC – 395 BC) was a Spartan commander and statesman who was one of the leading military and political leaders of Sparta during the Peloponnesian Wars. He destroyed the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Aegospotami in 405 BC, forcing Athens to capitulate and bringing the Peloponnesian Wars to an end. He then played a key role in Sparta's domination of Greece for the next decade until his death at the Battle of Haliartus.

Lysander's vision for Sparta differed from most Spartans; he wanted to overthrow the Athenian Empire and replace it with Spartan hegemony.
Alypia ridingsii
Alypia ridingsii, the mountain forester or Ridings' forester, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is found in North America as far east as the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. It is also found in Arizona, Utah, all of California and northward into Oregon, Idaho, Washington, British Columbia and Alaska

The wingspan is about 30 mm. Adults are on wing from March to May in California and as late as June in the more northern and eastern parts of its range.

The larvae feed on Camissonia bistorta, Camissonia californica, Camissonia dentata  and Clarkia rhomboidea.

Clarkia rhomboidea
Clarkia rhomboidea is a species of wildflower known by the common names diamond clarkia and forest clarkia. This plant is native to western North America, where it is a common resident of varied forest and woodland habitats. This clarkia grows a spindly stem not exceeding a meter in height and occasional small leaves. The flower has four petals which are bright pink to lavender and often speckled with darker pink shades. The petals are diamond-shaped to spoon-shaped and one to one and a half centimeters long. There are eight stamens, each holding a large anther bearing blue-gray pollen.
Electoral Participation Act
The Electoral Participation Act (French: Loi sur la participation électorale), commonly known as Bill C-65, was a bill introduced on March 20, 2024, by Minister of Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs Dominic LeBlanc during the first session of the 44th Canadian Parliament.

On January 6, 2025, the Parliament of Canada was prorogued by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, which resulted in the bill dying on the order paper.

Prorogation in Canada
Prorogation is the end of a parliamentary session in the Parliament of Canada and the parliaments of its provinces and territories.  It differs from a recess or adjournment, which do not end a session; and differs from a complete dissolution of parliament, which ends both the session and the entire parliament, requiring an election for the House of Commons in the bicameral federal parliament and the singular legislative chamber of the unicameral provincial parliaments.

In the Canadian parliamentary system, the legislature is typically prorogued upon the completion of the agenda set forth in the Speech from the Throne and remains in recess until the monarch or governor general, in the federal sphere, or lieutenant governor, in a province, summons parliamentarians. From 2008 to present, prorogation has been the subject of discussion among academics, the Canadian public, and their political representatives.
Col Hebbard
Colin Edward George Hebbard (born 10 November 1936) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the VFL.

Hebbard, a West Australian, was recruited to Essendon as number 4, from Perth club Mount Hawthorn. He shared his VFL debut with future star John Birt and participated in both Essendon's losing Grand Finals of 1957 and 1959. Over the course of his five seasons he played mostly as a half forward and half back.

After leaving Essendon he turned to the WANFL and began playing at West Perth. He made a total of 93 senior appearances for the club, some beside his brothers Neville and Robert. During the 1960s he represented Western Australia in six interstate matches, four of them in the 1966 Hobart Carnival.
Can remember reading in the Sun, that Col could jump 2foot 10 inches above the ground. Think it was with run up.

West Perth Football Club
The West Perth Football Club, nicknamed the Falcons, is an Australian rules football club located in Joondalup, Western Australia. West Perth competes in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW) and is the oldest existing Australian rules football club in Western Australia. Originally located at Leederville Oval, the team was relocated in 1994 to Arena Joondalup, a sports complex in the northern suburbs of Perth. The team's club song is "It's a Grand Old Flag" and its traditional rivals are East Perth.
My name is Jon Daker
"My Name is John Daker" is an internet viral video of an Easter recital at First United Methodist Church in Peoria, Illinois, in 1990 that was broadcast as part of a public access TV program on WTVP. It has been viewed more than 5 million times on YouTube. In the video, an amateur singer, Jon Daker, is accompanied by a pianist named Reva as he sings renditions of "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today" and "That's Amore." While performing he uses unusual phrasing, sings in a pseudo-operatic voice, and forgets song lyrics.

WTVP
WTVP (channel 47) is a PBS member television station in Peoria, Illinois, United States, owned by the Illinois Valley Public Telecommunications Corporation. The station's studios are located on State Street in downtown Peoria, and its transmitter is located along Interstate 474 in East Peoria.

Serving as the Peoria area's public television station since 1971, WTVP broadcasts PBS and local programming. Originally housed on studios at the campus of Bradley University but separately owned, WTVP moved to its present facility in 2003. However, borrowing costs from construction and insufficient pledge revenues led to a near-foreclosure and shutdown of the station in January 2008 by its lender. Sufficient support from the community allowed WTVP to settle its debts and remain on the air. In 2023, a financial crisis was revealed at the station following the suicide of its general manager.
August 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 1 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 3

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 15 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 2, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 20.

Plegmund
Plegmund (or Plegemund; died 2 August either 914 or 923) was a medieval English Archbishop of Canterbury. He may have been a hermit before he became archbishop in 890.  As archbishop, he reorganised the Diocese of Winchester, creating four new sees, and worked with other scholars in translating religious works.  He was canonised after his death.
Krannert Art Museum
The Krannert Art Museum (KAM) is a fine art museum located at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in Champaign, Illinois, United States. It has 48,000 square feet (4,500 m2) of space devoted to all periods of art, dating from ancient Egypt to contemporary photography. The museum's collection of more than 11,000 objects can be accessed online and includes specializations in 20th-century art, Asian art, and pre-Columbian art, particularly works from the Andes.

In addition to collection galleries, the museum features 6 to 10 special exhibitions each year from national and international museum collections as well as exhibitions of art by contemporary artists, faculty and graduate and undergraduate students .

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Park of Aviators
Park of Aviators (Russian: Парк Авиаторов) is an urban forest located within the Pervomaysky District of Rostov-on-Don, along the Prospect of Sholokhov. On a number of occasions from 1983 to 1985, the mutilated bodies of victims of the serial killer Andrei Chikatilo were discovered within the park, where some—if not all—had been killed.

Cycling infrastructure
Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where permitted, sidewalks. Roads used by motorists are also cycling infrastructure, except where cyclists are barred such as many freeways/motorways. It includes amenities such as bike racks for parking, shelters, service centers and specialized traffic signs and signals. The more cycling infrastructure there is, the more people travel by bicycle.

Good road design, road maintenance and traffic management can make cycling safer and more useful. Settlements with a dense network of interconnected streets tend to be places for getting around by bike. Their cycling networks can give people direct, fast, easy and convenient routes.
Actinodaphne bourdillonii
Actinodaphne bourdillonii is a species of the genus Actinodaphne of the  flowering plant family Lauraceae, commonly called the malavirinji, eeyoli, and Pisa.  It is endemic to the Southern Western Ghats (South Sahyadri and Palakkad Hills). Its general habitat is shola and montane evergreen forests from 600 to 2,000 metres elevation.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Argophyllum jagonis
Argophyllum jagonis is a species of plant in the family Argophyllaceae native to the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia. It is a shrub to about 3 m (9.8 ft) tall which inhabits stream banks in rainforest in the area from Edmonton to Innisfail.

Argophyllaceae
Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. The family includes c. 24 species in two genera, Argophyllum and Corokia.  Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and Rapa Iti.
Horatio P. Van Cleve House
The Horatio P. Van Cleve House is a house in the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.  The house contains elements of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles.  It was originally built for William Kimball, a furniture manufacturer; the Van Cleves were the second owners.  Horatio P. Van Cleve served as colonel of the 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment and later a general during the American Civil War.

His wife, Charlotte Ouisconsin Clark Van Cleve, was the mother of 12 children, a women's suffrage advocate, and the first woman elected to the Minneapolis School Board.  She was also a social reformer who founded an organization to help "erring women" in 1875.  The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Minneapolis Public Schools
Minneapolis Public Schools (MPS)  or Special School District Number 1 is a public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minneapolis Public Schools enrolls 36,370 students in public primary and secondary schools. The district administers about one hundred public schools including forty-five elementary schools, seven middle schools, seven high schools, eight special education schools, eight alternative schools, nineteen contract alternative schools, and five charter schools. With authority granted by the state legislature, the school board makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. Students speak ninety different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali.
Fetal circulation
In humans, the circulatory system is different before and after birth. The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage resulting in the presence of shunts to move oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetal tissue. At birth, the start of breathing and the severance of the umbilical cord prompt various changes that quickly transform fetal circulation into postnatal circulation.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
Tyler Walker (racing driver)
Timothy Tyler Andrew Walker (born July 15, 1979) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Walker is one of many racers who have competed in many inter-disciplinary automotive ranks. His automotive career includes cycling competition, open-wheeled sprint cars, as well as being a stock car pilot, formerly competing in NASCAR. He is the first fourth-generation driver to compete in NASCAR since the late Adam Petty.

Manzanita Speedway
The Manzanita Speedway was a dirt track racing facility located in the suburban southwestern part of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The facility had a 1/3 mile and 1/2 mile tracks. The track held USAC events up through the 2009 Sprint Car season opener. The track was sold to a rigging company and the final race was held on April 11, 2009.
Ingo tetralogy
The Ingo tetralogy is a series of four children's novels, set in Cornwall, by British author Helen Dunmore. The four books are, in chronological order, Ingo, The Tide Knot, The Deep and The Crossing of Ingo. The first book was nominated for the 2008 Booktrust Teenage Prize.

There are 4 books in this series, written by Helen Dunmore.

Helen Dunmore
Helen Dunmore FRSL (12 December 1952 – 5 June 2017) was a British poet, novelist, and short story and children's writer.

Her best known works include the novels Zennor in Darkness, A Spell of Winter and The Siege, and her last book of poetry Inside the Wave. She won the inaugural Orange Prize for Fiction, the National Poetry Competition, and posthumously the Costa Book Award.
Sophytes
Sophytes, or Saubhuti, was the name of a king in Bactria or the northwestern Indian subcontinent during the time of Alexander the Great's invasion. Sophytes surrendered to Alexander and was allowed to retain his kingdom. Probably another Sophytes, who was satrap in the eastern territories conquered by Alexander the Great, minted his own coins in the Greek style circa 300 BCE. Rapson and some others have considered them as the same person.

E. J. Rapson
Edward James Rapson FBA (12 May 1861 – 3 October 1937) was a British numismatist, philologist and professor of Sanskrit at the University of Cambridge. He was a fellow of St. John's College. Rapson died following a sudden collapse at dinner at St. John's.
Edna Adan Ismail
Edna Adan Ismail (Somali: Edna Aadan Ismaaciil / Adna Aadan Ismaaciil; born 8 September 1937) is a nurse midwife, activist, and was the first female Foreign Minister of Somaliland from 2003 to 2006. She previously served as Somalia’s Minister of Family Welfare and Social Development.

She is the director and founder of the Edna Adan Maternity Hospital in Hargeisa and an activist and pioneer in the struggle for the abolition of female genital mutilation. She is also President of the Organization for Victims of Torture. In March 2022, she became the president of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.

She was married three times, including to Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal, who was the prime minister of the State of Somaliland five days prior to Trust Territory of Somalia's independence and later the Somali Republic (1960–1960) and (1967–1969) and President of Somaliland (1993–2002), although the two divorced after five years.

State of Somaliland
Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (Somali: Qaranka Soomaaliland), was a sovereign and independent country that existed for five days in 1960.  It gained independence from the United Kingdom  on 26 June 1960 and on 1 July 1960, together with the Trust Territory of Somaliland which gained independence from Italy and ended its UN trusteeship under Italian administration on the same day, they formed the Somali Republic.
Norsta Runestone
The Norsta runestone is an 11th-century runestone inscribed in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark that stands near Wik Castle outside Uppsala, Sweden. It is notable because of the mention of two people named "maiden" and Sweyn. The form møy which appears on this runestone is the accusative form of Old East Norse māʀ which meant "maiden" and this is the only attestation of this word as the name of a girl, in Old Norse, besides a mention in the Hervarar saga, where a Mær ("maiden" in Old West Norse) married the Swedish king Inge I. Her brother was Blot-Sweyn, who succeeded Inge. As the runestone is from about the same time as Blot-Sweyn, it is likely that the Sweyn mentioned in the runestone is the same as the Swedish king Blot-Sweyn.

Blot-Sweyn
Blot-Sweyn (Swedish: Blot-Sven) was a Swedish king c. 1080, of disputed historicity, who was said to have replaced his Christian brother-in-law Inge as King of Sweden, when Inge had refused to administer the blót (pagan sacrifices) at the Temple at Uppsala. There is no mention of Sweyn in the regnal list of the Westrogothic law, which suggests that his rule did not reach Västergötland. According to Swedish historian Adolf Schück he was probably the same person as Håkan the Red and was called the Blót Swain (a swain who was willing to perform the blót) as an epithet rather than a personal name.
A-Kon
A-Kon is an annual three-day anime convention held during June at the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas and Toyota Music Factory in Irving, Texas. First held in 1990 with just 380 people in attendance, A-Kon is North America's longest running convention primarily focused on anime.

Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas
The Irving Convention Center is a 275,000 sq ft (25,500 m2) facility on a 40 acres (16 ha) tract in Las Colinas Urban Center in Irving, Texas. Opened in January 2011, the convention center and the adjoining mixed use entertainment district are bordered on the west by Highway 114, on the east by Las Colinas Boulevard, on the north by Spur 348/Northwest Highway, and to the south by Fuller Drive. The building is recognized for its unique architecture and vertical design.