hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermionic converter
A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor can be used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the electron space charge.

Thermal ionization
Thermal ionization, also known as surface ionization or contact ionization, is a physical process whereby the atoms are desorbed from a hot surface, and in the process are ionized.

Thermal ionization is used to make simple ion sources, for mass spectrometry and for generating ion beams. Thermal ionization has seen extensive use in determining atomic weights, in addition to being used in many geological/nuclear applications.
Sanjuanero
El Sanjuanero, often called simply Sanjuanero, (translation "St. John's Festivities Song") is a traditional Colombian bambuco song. Its music was written in 1936 by Anselmo Duran Plazas and its lyrics were written by Sofía Gaitán Yanguas. It was first performed on July 12, 1936. and recorded for the first time in the 1950s by the duo Garzon y Collazos. It's one of Colombia's most recognizable folkloric songs, and it is the anthem of the Festival Folclórico y Reinado Nacional del Bambuco.

Bambuco
Bambuco is a traditional music genre from Colombia. Its metric structure is similar to the European waltz or polska (not to be confused with the polka). Typically a bambuco piece is accompanied by a stylized group dance in either a 68 or 34 meter.

Bambuco took a cultural foothold in the Andean region of Colombia and has spread in popularity throughout Latin America. The Festival Folclórico y Reinado Nacional del Bambuco in Neiva is a festival celebrating bambuco music.

"Cuatro Preguntas" is one of the most famous songs in the genre, having been included by El Tiempo at No. 8 on its list of the 50 best Colombian songs of all time.
Andrzej Bartkowiak
Andrzej Bartkowiak, ASC (born 6 March 1950) is a Polish cinematographer and film director based in the United States.

He became known in the 1980s for his partnership with director Sidney Lumet, shooting 11 of his films between 1981 and 1993.

He later became known as a director of action films, including the Jet Li vehicles Romeo Must Die (2000) and Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), and the video game adaptations Doom (2005) and Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009).

Ashok Amritraj
Ashok Amritraj (born 22 February 1956) is an Indian-American athlete and film producer. He is chairman and CEO of the Hyde Park Entertainment Group and was formerly CEO of National Geographic Films. He played tennis professionally in his youth, one of the Indians in the top levels of the sport.
Meyers synthesis
The Meyers synthesis is an organic synthesis for the preparation of unsymmetrical aldehydes via hydrolysis of an oxazine. The reaction is named after the American chemist Albert Meyers.

The starting compound is a dihydro-1,3-oxazine with an alkyl group in the 2 position. The alpha proton is acidic and can be abstracted by a strong base such as butyl lithium and subsequently alkylated by an alkyl halide (haloalkane). In the next step the nitrogen to carbon double bond (imine) is reduced with sodium borohydride and the resulting oxazine (a hemiaminal) hydrolyzed with water and oxalic acid to the aldehyde.

Hemiaminal
In organic chemistry, a hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: −C(OH)(NR2)−. R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group. Hemiaminals are intermediates in imine formation from an amine and a carbonyl by alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution.  Hemiaminals can be viewed as a blend of aminals and geminal diol. They are a special case of amino alcohols.
Canadian Chinese cuisine
Canadian Chinese cuisine (French: Cuisine chinoise canadienne) is a cuisine derived from Chinese cuisine that was developed by Chinese Canadians. It was the first form of commercially available Chinese food in Canada. This cooking style was invented by early Cantonese immigrants who adapted traditional Chinese recipes to Western tastes and the available ingredients, and developed in a similar process to American Chinese cuisine.

Cuisine
A cuisine  is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques, and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Regional food preparation techniques, customs and ingredients combine to enable dishes unique to a region.
County of Stanley, Queensland
The County of Stanley is a cadastral division centred on the city of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia, that is used mainly for the purpose of registering land titles. It was named after Edward Stanley, who was three times British prime minister in the 1850s and 1860s. It is bounded by the Logan River in the south, the Brisbane River at what is now Lake Wivenhoe in the west, the Stanley River at what is now Lake Somerset in the north-west, and Caboolture River in the north. It includes Moreton Island and Stradbroke Island, and extends west to Ipswich's CBD, south to Loganlea and north to Morayfield.

Stradbroke Island
Stradbroke Island, also known as Minjerribah, was a large sand island that formed much of the eastern side of Moreton Bay near Brisbane, Queensland until the late 19th century. Today the island is split into two islands: North Stradbroke Island and South Stradbroke Island, separated by the Jumpinpin Channel.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Stradbroke Island was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Natural attraction".
Jur River County
Jur River County is a county in the Western Bahr el Ghazal state in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan, located in east and northeast parts of the state, Jur River County is divided into five payams (districts): Kangi Payam, Udoci, Marial Bai, Rocrocdong, and Kuajiena. Each one of these Payms are further divided into several Bomas. Jur River County headquarters has been controversially relocated in 2012 by the state government to Nyin Akok Village on the eastern bank of the Jur River.

Payam (administrative division)
A payam is the second-lowest administrative division, below counties, in South Sudan. Payams are required to have a minimum population of 25,000. They are further subdivided into a variable number of bomas. As of 2017, South Sudan has 540 payams and 2500 bomas.

The unit of administration was introduced by the SPLM/A and formalized at the National Convention of New Sudan. The equivalent unit in neighboring Kenya and Uganda is sub-county.
2024 Central Coast Pro Tennis Open – Doubles
McCartney Kessler and Alana Smith were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Sophie Chang and Rasheeda McAdoo won the title, defeating Carmen Corley and Rebecca Marino in the final; 1–6, 6–2, [10–4].

Alana Smith (tennis)
Alana Smith (born November 9, 1999) is an American tennis player.

She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 291, achieved on 22 September 2025. Her career-high WTA doubles ranking is No. 134, achieved on 16 February 2026.

Smith made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2017 Washington Open in the doubles draw, partnering Skylar Morton.
Modern pentathlon at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The modern pentathlon at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by two events (both for men): Individual competition and Team competition. As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon one competition was held and each competitor's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table. This competition consisted of 5 disciplines which were held in 4 venues:

Equestrian held on July 20 at the Trade Unions Equestrian Centre situated in the Bitsa forest park (southern part of Moscow)

Fencing held on July 21 at the Sports Palace of the Central Sports Club of the Army (south-western part of Moscow)

Shooting held on July 22 at the Dynamo Shooting Range in Mytishchi (south-eastern part of Moscow)

Swimming held on July 23 at the Swimming Pool of the Olympiski Sports Complex (central part of Moscow)

Cross-country held on July 24 at the Trade Unions Equestrian Centre

Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA
Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA, also known as USH CSKA, and formerly known as CSKA Palace of Sports, was a multi-purpose indoor sporting arena located in Moscow, Russia.

It formed part of the CSKA Sports Complex and was primarily used to host basketball and futsal games, but it can also be used to host boxing matches, volleyball games, handball games, tennis, gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, wrestling, fencing, martial arts, and other sports. The arena can also be used for dancing and other entertainment events. The seating capacity of the arena for basketball games was 5,000.

The arena is named in honor of the late Alexander Gomelsky, the former head basketball coach and honorary president of CSKA Moscow Basketball Club. The arena was demolished in early 2022.
Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics T/F20
Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London, United Kingdom, from 31 August to 9 September 2012. A restricted number of events were held in the stadium for athletes with intellectual impairment.

The Mall, London
51°30′15″N 0°8′7″W﻿ / ﻿51.50417°N 0.13528°W﻿ / 51.50417; -0.13528

The Mall (/ˈmæl/) is a ceremonial route and roadway in the City of Westminster, central London, that travels 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) between Buckingham Palace at its western end and Trafalgar Square via Admiralty Arch to the east. Along the north side of The Mall is green space and St. James's Palace with other official buildings, and to the south is St James's Park.  Near the east end at Trafalgar Square and Whitehall it is met by Horse Guards Road and Spring Gardens, near the west end at the Victoria Memorial it is met by the Constitution Hill roadway and the Spur Road to the street of Buckingham Gate. It is closed to traffic on Saturdays, Sundays, public holidays and on ceremonial occasions.
1st Panzergrenadier Brigade (Germany)
The 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (German: Panzergrenadierbrigade 1) in Hildesheim was a formation in the  Bundeswehr, which was subordinated to the 1st Armoured Division in Hanover. The Brigade was disbanded on 31 December 2007. During its lifetime the Brigade was stationed between the Lüneburg Heath, Harz Mountains, the Solling hills and the River Weser.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Smith River National Recreation Area
Smith River National Recreation Area is a protected area located in northwestern California, United States. The national recreation area is in Six Rivers National Forest and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Created by Congress in 1990, Smith River National Recreation Area meets the northern border of Redwood National and State Parks.

The Klamath Mountains and the Smith River, one of the longest National Wild and Scenic Rivers in the U.S., offer a variety of recreational opportunities. The National Recreation Area has five campgrounds located near major streams and along the Smith River. It is considered one of the best fishing regions in the country, and rafting and canoeing are popular activities. Most hiking trails are accessible year-round, but all activities may be greatly affected by periodic heavy rainfall that swells creeks and rivers.

Raft
A raft is any flat structure for support or transportation over water. It is usually of basic design, characterized by the absence of a hull. Rafts are usually kept afloat by using any combination of buoyant materials such as wood, sealed barrels, or inflated air chambers (such as pontoons), and are typically not propelled by an engine. Rafts are an ancient mode of transport; naturally occurring rafts such as entwined vegetation and pieces of wood have been used to traverse water since the dawn of humanity.
Radojica Radojičić
Radojica "Rado" Radojičić (23 November 1931 – 6 May 2021) was a Serbian/Yugoslav football manager.

He coached Rudar Pljevlja, FK Bor, the Tunisia national football team, CS Sfaxien, CA Bizertin and Océano Club de Kerkennah.

OC Kerkennah
Océano Club de Kerkennah (Arabic: نادي محيط قرقنة, often referred to as OCK or mainly Arabic: El-Mouhit) is a Tunisian football team from the archipelago of Kerkennah. The club was founded in 1963. They play in blue and white colors.
Snohomish River
The Snohomish River is a river in Snohomish County, Washington, formed by the confluence of the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers near Monroe. It flows northwest entering Port Gardner Bay, part of Puget Sound, between Everett and Marysville. The Pilchuck River is its main tributary and joins the river at Snohomish. The river system drains the west side of the Cascade Mountains from Snoqualmie Pass to north of Stevens Pass.

Measured at Monroe, the Snohomish River has an average annual flow of 9,500 cubic feet per second (270 m3/s).  In comparison, the Columbia River, Washington's largest river, has an average flow of about 265,000 cubic feet per second (7,500 m3/s).

Snoqualmie Pass
Snoqualmie Pass is a mountain pass that carries Interstate 90 (I-90) through the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Washington. The pass summit is at an elevation of 3,015 feet (919 m), on the county line between Kittitas County and King County.

Snoqualmie Pass has the lowest elevation of the three east–west mountain routes across Washington State that are kept open year-round, along with Stevens Pass (US 2) to the north, and White Pass (US 12) to the south. I-90 is the primary commercial artery between Seattle and points east, carrying an average of 29,000 vehicles through the pass per day. I-90 is the only divided highway crossing east–west through the state.

The pass lends its name to a census-designated place (CDP) located at the summit (Snoqualmie Pass, Washington). Both the CDP and Snoqualmie Pass are named after the Snoqualmie people of the valley to the west.
Yurovsky
Yurovsky, feminine: Yurovsraya, is a Russian surname, a variant of the Polish surname Jurowski. Notable people with the surname include:

Vladimir Yurovsky

Yakov Yurovsky (1878–1938), Soviet revolutionary, murderer of the Romanov family

Yuri Yurovsky

Yakov Yurovsky
Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (Russian: Яков Михайлович Юровский, pronounced [ˈjakəf mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ jʊˈrofskʲɪj]; 19 June [O.S. 7 June] 1878 – 2 August 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet Chekist (secret policeman). Yurovsky was commander of the guard at Ipatiev House during the murder of the Romanov family on the night of 17 July 1918. He is known as the chief executioner of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his family, and four of their servants. Yurovsky was responsible for the distribution of weapons, ordering the family to the cellar room, announcing the execution to the family, and the disposal of the eleven bodies.
Broadford, Virginia
Broadford is an unincorporated community in Smyth County, Virginia, United States. Broadford is located along Laurel Creek at the junction of Virginia State Route 42 and Virginia State Route 91, 10.8 miles (17.4 km) northwest of Marion. Broadford has a post office with ZIP code 24316.

Marion, Virginia
Marion is a town in and the county seat of Smyth County, Virginia, United States.  It is positioned upon Interstate 81, in the Blue Ridge portion of the southern Appalachian Mountains in Southwest Virginia. The town is named for American Revolutionary War officer Francis Marion. Within the town limits it had a population of approximately 6,000, per 2020 Census counts. However, together with the neighborhoods, an additional 9,000 residents residing in unincorporated Smyth County have Marion mailing addresses, granting the Marion ZIP code (24354) a total population of about 14,500, which is approximately half of the county's total population.
Sujowali
Sujowali is a village in Narowal District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°13'0N 74°44'40E, at an altitude of 236 metres (777 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Qila Sobha Singh, Kalluwali and Basaya.

Qila Sobha Singh
Qila Sobha Singh (Punjabi, Urdu: قلعہ سوبھا سنگھ) is a town in Narowal District of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Before 1 July 1991, it was part of the Sialkot District. Since 1 July 1991, it has been part of the Narowal District, and is located at 32°14′0″N 74°46′0″E﻿ / ﻿32.23333°N 74.76667°E﻿ / 32.23333; 74.76667, at an altitude of 240 metres (790 ft).
Devil Beside You
Devil Beside You (Chinese: 惡魔在身邊; pinyin: Èmó zài shēnbiān) is a 2005 Taiwanese drama starring Mike He, Rainie Yang and Kingone Wang. It is based on the Japanese manga The Devil Does Exist by Mitsuba Takanashi. It was produced by Comic Ritz International Production with Chai Zhi Ping (柴智屏) as producer and directed by Lin He Long (林合隆). The series was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air China Television (CTV) (中視) from 26 June to 18 September 2005 and cable TV Eastern Television (ETTV) (東森) for 20 episodes.

China Television
China Television Company, Ltd. (CTV), formerly called Taiwan Daytime TV (TDT) from 1969 to 1975, is a television broadcasting company based in Taipei, Taiwan. It was established on September 3, 1968 by the then-ruling Kuomintang (KMT). The party owned the majority stake of the network. Trial broadcast started on October 9, 1969, and the channel formally started broadcasting on October 31 the same year. CTV was the first television channel to broadcast full colour television service to the whole island.
PETREL
PETREL (Platform for Extra and Terrestrial Remote Examination with LCTF) is a technology demonstration satellite being developed by Tokyo Institute of Technology. The microsatellite is equipped with a multispectral camera, which will be used to carry out two distinct missions. One mission is to survey the sky in ultraviolet wavelengths for the field of time-domain astronomy, and the other is to conduct spectroscopic observations of the Earth.

PETREL was originally planned to be launched on a Epsilon rocket flight in 2022 along with the rest of JAXA's Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3 mission satellites, but was not launched. As of September 2024, PETREL was scheduled to be launched during fiscal year 2025 on the first H3-30 test flight. The launch was later moved to 2026.

JAXA
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
Buffalo Blazers
The Buffalo Blazers were a soccer team in Buffalo, New York. They competed in the National Soccer League in 1976–1978 and 1980. They were one of only four American teams (Detroit Besa, Detroit Canadians, and Detroit Vardar) to have competed in the National Soccer League, which was based in Canada.

Canadian National Soccer League
The National Soccer League was a soccer league in Canada that existed from 1926 to 1997. Teams were primarily based in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The league was renamed to Canadian National Soccer League in 1993 following the folding of the Canadian Soccer League, and the accepting of the Winnipeg Fury, making the league more national. In the 1960s, the National Soccer League was one of four major leagues in Canadian soccer alongside the Pacific Coast League, the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League and the Western Canada Soccer League.

It was replaced by the Canadian Professional Soccer League in 1998, after an agreement between the CNSL and the Ontario Soccer Association.
Expressive Processing
Expressive Processing: Digital Fictions, Computer Games, and Software Studies is a digital media textbook authored by Noah Wardrip-Fruin and published through the MIT Press. Throughout the book Wardrip-Fruin takes a look into "expressive processing" elements that partake in digital media. Wardrip-Fruin attempts to explain expressive processing through the ELIZA effect, The Tale-Spin Effect, The SimCity Effect, and many other elements of interactive digital media.

ELIZA effect
In computer science, the ELIZA effect is a tendency to project human traits—such as experience, semantic comprehension or empathy—onto rudimentary computer programs having a textual interface. ELIZA was a symbolic AI chatbot developed in 1966 by Joseph Weizenbaum that imitated a psychotherapist. Many early users were convinced of ELIZA's intelligence and understanding, despite its basic text-processing approach and the explanations of its limitations.
Node (circuits)
In electrical engineering, a node is any region or joining point on a circuit between two circuit elements. In circuit diagrams, connections are ideal wires with zero resistance.  Whether "node" refers to a single point of junction or an entire equipotential region varies by the source.

"Node"  is often used, especially in mesh analysis, to mean a principal node, which is distinct from the usage defined above. A principal node is a point in a circuit diagram where three or more connections meet. Principal nodes are important points of consideration in applying Kirchhoff's circuit laws, because conservation of current means current can split or combine at these points.

When clarification is needed, a region connecting only two circuit elements is referred to as a simple node, where there is no branching of current, while a point connecting three or more elements is a principal node. The full definition uses in this article encompasses both principal and simple nodes.

Electrical wiring
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure.

Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals.

Associated circuit protection, control, and distribution devices within a building's wiring system are subject to voltage, current, and functional specifications. Wiring safety codes vary by locality, country, or region. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is attempting to harmonise wiring standards among member countries, but significant variations in design and installation requirements still exist.