hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Max Glatt
Max Meier Glatt (26 January 1912 – 14 May 2002) was a German British psychiatrist and addiction expert. A survivor of the Dachau concentration camp, he went on to become a prominent expert in the treatment of addiction in the United Kingdom. He was one of the pioneers in the treatment of people with an addictive personality trait.

Behavioral addiction
Behavioral addiction, process addiction, or non-substance-related disorder is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-substance-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being. In the brain's reward system, a gene transcription factor known as ΔFosB has been identified as a necessary common factor involved in both behavioral and drug addictions, which are associated with the same set of neural adaptations.

Addiction canonically refers to substance abuse; however, the term's connotation has been expanded to include behaviors that may lead to a reward (such as gambling, eating, or shopping) since the 1990s. Still, the framework to diagnose and categorize behavioral addiction is a controversial topic in the psychopathology field.
Gender and webcomics
In contrast with mainstream American comics, webcomics are primarily written and drawn by women and gender variant people. Because of the self-published nature of webcomics, the internet has become a successful platform for social commentary, as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) expression.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
1993–2003: 1st Decade in the Machines
1993–2003: 1st Decade in the Machines is a remix album commissioned by Ulver, issued on April 29, 2003 via Jester Records. The album celebrates Ulver's ten year anniversary and features remixes by Ulver, Alexander Rishaug, Information, The Third Eye Foundation, Upland, Bogdan Raczynski, Martin Horntveth, Neotropic, A. Wiltzie vs. Stars of the Lid, Fennesz, Pita, Jazzkammer, V/Vm and Merzbow.

Fennesz
Christian Fennesz (born 25 December 1962) is an Austrian producer and guitarist active in electronic music since the 1990s, often credited mononymously as Fennesz. His work utilizes guitar and laptop computers to blend melody with treated samples and glitch production. He lives and works in Vienna, and currently records on the UK label Touch.

Fennesz first received widespread recognition for his 2001 album Endless Summer, released on the Austrian label Mego. He has collaborated with a number of artists, including Ryuichi Sakamoto, Jim O'Rourke, Ulver, David Sylvian, and King Midas Sound.
Ryan Westley
Ryan Westley (born 19 August 1993) is a British slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2009.

He won seven medals at the World Championships with five silvers (C1: 2018, 2025, C1 team: 2017, 2023, 2025) and two bronzes (C1: 2015, C1 team: 2018). He also won six medals (3-0-3) at the European Championships, including a gold and a bronze at the 2023 European Games in Kraków.

2018 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2018 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were the 39th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 25 to 30 September 2018 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). The competitions were held at the Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium which had also hosted the canoe slalom events of the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Brazil hosted the event for the third time after the 1997 championships in Três Coroas and the 2007 championships in Foz do Iguaçu.

It was the first World Championships not to feature the discontinued men's C2 event.

Russia and Argentina won their first medals at the Canoe Slalom World Championships. Host nation Brazil won their first gold medal.
Culture of Belarus
Belarusian culture is the product of a millennium of development under the impact of a number of diverse factors. These include the physical environment; the ethnographic background of Belarusians (the merger of Slavic newcomers with Baltic natives); the paganism of the early settlers and their hosts; Eastern Orthodox Christianity as a link to the Byzantine literary and cultural traditions; the country's lack of natural borders; the flow of rivers toward both the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea; and the variety of religions in the region (Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Judaism, and Islam).

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
St. Andrew's Church (LeRoy, Wisconsin)
St. Andrew's Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in LeRoy, Wisconsin, United States. The Gothic Revival church was designed by architect Anton Dohmen and built 1899–1901, largely by parishioners. The Emil Frei Stained Glass Company later added over 20 stained glass windows to the church; these windows were described as "works of art with vivid colors and intricate details" by the Wisconsin Historical Society. The church's congregation was composed of German farmers from the surrounding area, who paid for the church and constructed parts of its interior; the church has historically served as a focal point for community life. The church has been called the "Cathedral on the Marsh" due to its proximity to the Horicon Marsh. On January 27, 2010, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Wisconsin Historical Society
The Wisconsin Historical Society (officially the State Historical Society of Wisconsin) is simultaneously a state agency and a private membership organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West. Founded in 1846 and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest historical society in the United States to receive continuous public funding. The society's headquarters are located in Madison, Wisconsin, on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
2009 East Timorese local elections
Local elections were held in East Timor on 9 October 2009 to elect for Village Chiefs (Chefe do Suco) and delegates for Village Councils (Conselho do Suco) in 442 sucos (villages). It included the election of Hamlet Chiefs (Chefe do Aldeia) in aldeias (communities). Elected officials will serve a six-year term.

On 13 October 2009, although no official parties participated in the election as electoral laws prohibited candidates from representing any political parties, Fretilin claimed victory in the said election saying that they "picked up 56% of positions with another 10% of positions being taken by FRETILIN and allied party shared tickets. In Dili FRETILIN won 60% of the Suco leadership positions."

Sucos of Timor-Leste
The administrative posts (formerly subdistricts) of Timor-Leste are subdivided into 461 sucos ("villages") and 2,336 aldeias ("communities"). Sucos have been part of the country's administrative system since the 20th century, under Portuguese, Japanese, Indonesian, and independent rule.: 280
The Cringe
The Cringe is an independent rock band based in New York City. It features John Cusimano, James Rotondi, Jonny Blaze, and Shawn Pelton. The Cringe played at the SXSW music festival in 2008 and 2009. As of late November 2014, the Cringe had released three full-length albums, titled Scratch the Surface, Tipping Point, and most recently, Play Thing.

Lead singer John Cusimano, whose primary occupation is law, is married to TV cooking show host Rachael Ray. "Cringe" is a term used to describe a strong feeling of discomfort, embarrassment, or awkwardness in response to someone's behavior, words, or actions

Rachael Ray
Rachael Domenica Ray (born August 25, 1968) is an American cook, television personality, businesswoman, and author. She hosted the syndicated daily talk and lifestyle program Rachael Ray. Other programs to her credit include 30 Minute Meals, Rachael Ray's Tasty Travels, $40 a Day, Rachael Ray's Week in a Day, and the reality format shows Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off and Rachael Ray's Kids Cook-Off. Ray has written several cookbooks based on the 30 Minute Meals concept, and launched a magazine, Every Day with Rachael Ray, in 2006. Ray's television shows have won three Daytime Emmy Awards.
Balázs Csákabonyi
Dr. Balázs Csákabonyi (3 December 1936 – 26 March 2020) was a Hungarian lawyer, educator and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from 1994 to 2010. He represented Kaposvár (Somogy County Constituency I) between 1994 and 1998. Thereafter he was an MP via the national list of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) from 1998.

Kaposvár
Kaposvár (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒpoʃvaːr]; also known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in southwestern Hungary, south of Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia, the capital of Somogy County, and the seat of the Kaposvár District and the Diocese of Kaposvár.
Capilla del Cristo
Capilla del Cristo (Chapel of Christ), also called Capilla del Santo Cristo de la Salud is a small chapel / museum located in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. Built in the 18th century and saved from demolition in the 20th century and preserved, the structure has become a cultural icon of Puerto Rico. Most of the objects on its altar are from 1753. Travel guides list Capilla del Cristo as one of the must-see places of Old San Juan.

Cultural icon
A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. When individuals perceive a cultural icon, they relate it to their general perceptions of the cultural identity represented. Cultural icons can also be identified as an authentic representation of the practices of one culture by another.

In popular culture and elsewhere, the term "iconic" is used to describe a wide range of people, places, and things. Some commentators believe that the word "iconic" is overused.
Claire Scanlon
Claire Elizabeth Scanlon (born 1971) is an American editor and director. She has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards, winning one, for editing work on The Office and The Apprentice. She won an American Cinema Editors Award in 2014 (for The Office) and was nominated in 2016 (for The Wrecking Crew). She has directed for numerous television shows, including Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, The Good Place, Fresh Off the Boat, GLOW, and Brooklyn Nine-Nine. She made her directorial debut with the Netflix film Set It Up.

Scanlon directed the Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt interactive special for Netflix.

Interactive cinema
Interactive cinema tries to give an audience an active role in the showing of movies.

Another newer definition of interactive cinema is a video game which is a hybrid between participation and viewing, giving the player – or viewer, as it were – a strong amount of control in the characters' decisions. It is compared to interactive film.

This form of media recently has become more relevant. Companies like Netflix have even began coming out with releases that have this different way of consumption.
Raffaele Bonanni
Raffaele Bonanni (born 10 June 1949) is an Italian former trade union organizer.

Born in Bomba, Chieti, Bonanni began his activity  as a trade union operator in 1972, after attending a course at the "Centro Studi CISL" in Florence. In 1981 he became general secretary of the Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL) of Palermo and then in 1989 he was elected general secretary of the  Sicilian CISL. In 1991 he was elected secretary of Filca, a sub-association of the CISL, which involves about 250,000 subscribers. He was vice president of the European Federation of Building and Woodworkers (EFBWW). In 1998 he entered the secretariat of CISL, being elected general secretary on April 27, 2006. He resigned on September 24, 2014.

European industry federation
A European industry federation (EIF) is a trade union organisation operating at European sectoral level, comparable to and sometimes part of the global union federations. They are the social partners recognized by the European Commission as acting on behalf of employees in their sectors for the purposes of European social dialogue.
Maud Meyer
Maud Meyer was a Sierra Leonean Nigerian jazz singer who rose to prominence during the 1950s. She was born in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, in Nigeria. From an early age, Meyer was exposed to music and had learnt from her mother who had a band. Musically, she was strongly influenced by the sounds of Billie Holiday. "Meyer’s skills were unrivalled; she would listen to any kind of music and convert it to jazz instantly". According to Emeka Keazor, “She was one of the greatest female jazz singers of all time.”

Meyer garnered a massive following on the club circuits. She also performed with various popular bands across Africa.

Emeka Ed Keazor
Emeka Ed Keazor is a Nigerian lawyer, author, historian and documentary filmmaker, born to Kenneth Keazor and Victoria Keazor. He currently serves as the director of the Nsibidi Institute. In 2022 he became the chairman of Piql West Africa.

He is the director and producer of award winning movie - January 15: Untold Memories of the Nigeria-Biafra War, a documentary movie that chronicled the Nigerian civil war; the movie earned him an award at the Spotlight Film Award in 2021 and was nominated for best documentary at the AMAA in 2020. In 2016, YNaija listed him amongst 100 influential Nigerians alive.
Taylorella asinigenitalis
Taylorella asinigenitalis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive,  nonmotile bacterium of the genus Taylorella, isolated from the genital tract of male donkeys (Equus asinus) in California.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Marie McLaughlin
Marie McLaughlin (born 2 November 1954) is a Scottish operatic soprano.

A light lyric soprano, McLaughlin is noted for her performances as Susanna and Marcellina (Le nozze di Figaro), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Despina (Così fan tutte), Norina (Don Pasquale), Marzelline (Fidelio), Nannetta (Falstaff), Micaëla (Carmen), Tytania (A Midsummer Night's Dream), Zdenka (Arabella), and Hanna Glawari (The Merry Widow).

A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)
A Midsummer Night's Dream, Op. 64, is an opera with music by Benjamin Britten and set to a libretto adapted by the composer and Peter Pears from William Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. It was premiered on 11 June 1960 at the Aldeburgh Festival, conducted by the composer and with set and costume designs by Carl Toms. Stylistically, the work is typical of Britten, with a highly individual sound-world – not strikingly dissonant or atonal, but replete with subtly atmospheric harmonies and tone painting. The role of Oberon was composed for the countertenor Alfred Deller. Atypically for Britten, the opera did not include a leading role for his partner Pears, who instead was given the comic drag role of Flute/Thisbe.
Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb
The ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb runs along the ulnar side of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb. The ulnar collateral ligament is an important stabilizer of the thumb.

It is on the radial side of the wrist, but on the ulnar side of the thumb. It should not be confused with the ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint.

Ulnar carpal collateral ligament
The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral ligament or ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist joint) is a rounded cord, attached above to the end of the styloid process of the ulna, and dividing below into two fasciculi, one of which is attached to the medial side of the triquetral bone, the other to the pisiform and flexor retinaculum.
San Giorgio ai Tedeschi
San Giorgio ai Tedeschi is a Roman Catholic church located in the centre of Pisa, Italy.

The brickchurch was built after 1316 in memory of the German soldiers who died in the Battle of Montecatini; it was called San Giorgio degli Innocenti because in 1414 it belonged to the Ospedale dei Trovatelli (hospital of the foundlings); then from 1784 it belonged to the Ospedali Riuniti di Santa Chiara. The church, built entirely in brick, consists of only one room. The inside, which was restored after 1722, has a 14th-century crucifix made by a German artist with lavish golden stucco decorations and paintings from the 18th century.

Battle of Montecatini
The Battle of Montecatini was fought in the Val di Nievole on 29 August 1315 between the Republic of Pisa, and the forces of both the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Florence. The Ghibelline army of Pisa, commanded by Uguccione della Faggiuola, won a victory over the Guelf armies of the Florentines and their allies. The Neapolitan forces, made up of 3200 cavalry and 30,000–60,000 infantry, were commanded by Philip I of Taranto, while the Pisan forces consisted of 3000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry.

Philip survived the battle, his eldest son Charles of Taranto and his brother Peter, Count of Eboli and Gravina, were both killed in the fight. Additional deaths included members of 114 Florentine noble families. Francesco della Faggiuola, son of Uguccione, was killed possibly in personal combat with Charles of Taranto.
Turnabout (film)
Turnabout is a 1940 fantasy comedy film directed by Hal Roach and starring Adolphe Menjou, Carole Landis and John Hubbard. Based on the 1931 novel of the same name by Thorne Smith, the screenplay was written by Mickell Novack, Bernie Giler and John McClain with additional dialogue by Rian James. In 1979, the screenplay was adapted for the short-lived television series with the same name.

Hal Roach
Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach Sr. (January 14, 1892 – November 2, 1992) was an American film and television producer, director and screenwriter, who was the founder of the namesake Hal Roach Studios.

Roach was active in the industry from the 1910s to the 1990s. He is known for producing a number of early media franchise successes, including the Laurel and Hardy franchise, Harold Lloyd's early films, the films of entertainer Charley Chase, and the Our Gang short film comedy series.
Intel Clear Video
Intel Clear Video is a semiconductor intellectual property core which implements some steps of some video decompression algorithms. The scope is to calculate these on the SIP core rather than on the CPU. Intel Clear Video is paired with integrated graphics processors branded as Intel GMA.

Intel Clear Video HD is a set of post-processing features added to Intel Clear Video.

Intel GMA
The Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) is a series of integrated graphics processors introduced in 2004 by Intel, replacing the earlier Intel Extreme Graphics series and being succeeded by the Intel HD and Iris Graphics series.

This series targets the market of low-cost graphics solutions. The products in this series are integrated onto the motherboard, have limited graphics processing power, and use the computer's main memory for storage instead of a dedicated video memory. They were commonly found on netbooks, low-priced laptops and desktop computers, as well as business computers which do not need high levels of graphics capability. In early 2007, about 90% of all PC motherboards sold had an integrated GPU.
Foster Home/Sylvan Plantation
The Foster Home, also known as Cedar Hill or Sylvan Plantation, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Built as the main residence and headquarters of a large slave-labor cotton farm, the main house is an east-facing two-story weatherboarded house, constructed of heart pine upon a brick pier foundation. Erected around 1825, it is an I-house with a one-story, two-room ell at the south rear.

It is located off US 11 south of Tuscaloosa.

The listing also includes a family cemetery as a contributing site, about 50 yards (46 m) west of the house.  Enclosed by a cast-iron fence, it contains graves of Robert Savidge
Foster, his wife Ann Tompkins Foster, and those of several children and other family members.  It has the grave of Wade Foster, a co-founder in 1856 of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity at the University of Alabama.

Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relatively cheap and suitable for a range of uses, and by the mid-19th century it was common as a structural material (and sometimes for entire buildings), and particularly for elaborately patterned architectural elements such as fences and balconies, until it fell out of fashion after 1900 as a decorative material, and was replaced by modern steel and concrete for structural purposes.
2001 Bulgarian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 11 November 2001, with a second round on 18 November. The result was a victory for Georgi Parvanov of the Bulgarian Socialist Party, who won 54.0% of the vote in the second round, defeating incumbent president Petar Stoyanov. Voter turnout was 41.8% in the first round and 55.1% in the second. Parvanov took office in 2002, becoming the first former communist to hold the post since 1990.

Petar Stoyanov
Petar Stefanov Stoyanov (Bulgarian: Петър Стефанов Стоянов, born 25 May 1952) is a Bulgarian statesman and politician who served as the president of Bulgaria from 1997 to 2002. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he won the second democratic election in modern Bulgarian history. Throughout Stoyanov’s presidency, Bulgaria made substantial progress in its efforts of joining NATO and the European Union.