hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chevrolet Inline-4 engine
The Chevrolet Inline-4 engine was one of Chevrolet's first automobile engines, designed by Arthur Mason and introduced in 1913. Chevrolet founder Billy Durant, who previously had owned Buick which had pioneered the overhead valve engine, used the same basic engine design for Chevrolet: exposed pushrods and rocker arms which actuated valves in the detachable crossflow cylinder head. This was referred to this as a "valve-in-head" design, and it drew considerable publicity in a time when most rivals were flatheads. It was produced through 1928 when it was replaced by the Chevrolet Stovebolt engine.

Chevrolet would not use another four cylinder engine until 1961 and the introduction of the straight-6-derived Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder engine that was installed in the Chevy II. For other, more modern Chevrolet four-cylinder engines see the list of GM engines.

Buick
Buick (/ˈbjuːɪk/; BYOO-ik) is a division of the American automobile manufacturer, General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division.
Precious Dede
Precious Uzoaru Dede (born 18 January 1980) is a Nigerian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the women's national football team. She formerly played for several clubs, including Delta Queens FC, Ibom Queens and Arna-Bjørnar, as well as appearing 99 times for the Nigeria women's national football team.

2010 African Women's Championship
The 2010 African Women's Championship was held in South Africa from 31 October to 14 November 2010. Seven national teams joined the host nation following a series of knock-out home and away ties. This tournament was also a qualification tournament for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, with the two finalists, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea qualifying for the finals in Germany.
Gold Leaf (TV series)
Gold Leaf (Chinese: 茶金) is a 2021 Taiwanese period drama based on the eponymous novel written by Huang Kuo-hua. Set in the 1950s, Gold Leaf is Taiwan's first Hailu Hakka language drama.

Directed by Lin Chun-yang, the series stars Cindy Lien, James Wen, Kuo Tzu-chien, Hsu An-chi, Hsueh Shih-ling, Li Hsing, and Jag Huang.

It received 16 nominations at the 57th Golden Bell Awards and went on to win the Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series (Sophia Li) and the Best Editing for a Drama Series.

Golden Bell Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series
The Golden Bell Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎戲劇節目最佳女配角獎) is one of the categories of the competition for the Taiwanese television production, Golden Bell Awards. It is presented annually by the Government Information Office, Taiwan. The first time that television programs were first eligible to be awarded was in 1971.
Kozłów, Bolesławiec County
Kozłów [ˈkɔzwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The Kozłow Desert is located near the village.

Bolesławiec County
Bolesławiec County (Polish: powiat bolesławiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Bolesławiec, famed for its pottery, and its only other town is Nowogrodziec. The county covers an area of 1,303.3 square kilometres (503.2 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 90,108, of which the population of Bolesławiec is 38,852, that of Nowogrodziec is 4,243, and the rural population is 47,013.
Juan Manuel Gastélum
Juan Manuel Gastélum Buenrostro (31 October 1954 – 9 April 2025) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).

Gastélum was born in Tijuana, Baja California, in 1954 and earned a degree in law from the University of Sonora in 1978. He became an active member of the PAN in 1992.

In 2007 he was elected to the 19th session of the Congress of Baja California and, in the 2012 general election, he was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies to represent Baja California's 5th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

He was later elected municipal president of Tijuana for the 2016–2019 term. At the end of his term he ran for re-election but was defeated by Arturo González Cruz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Gastélum died in Tijuana on 9 April 2025, at the age of 70. He had been taken ill three days earlier.

Universidad de Sonora
The University of Sonora (Universidad de Sonora, abbreviated as Unison) is a public university in the northwestern state of Sonora, Mexico that has a strong research program. The university was founded in 1942 and is considered the main cultural and educational driver in the state. The university motto is "El saber de mis hijos hará mi grandeza" ("The knowledge of my children will be my greatness"). It is the largest university of Sonora with about 30,000 students (about 28,000 for undergraduate studies and 2,000 for postgraduate studies) distributed in five campuses.

Dr. Enrique Velázquez Contreras started his tenure as the University Rector in June 2017 for a period of four years (renewable). Under his leadership the university has prepared its Strategic Initiative putting special emphasis on the Internationalization of its academic and research programs.
Xanthoparmelia skyrinifera
Xanthoparmelia skyrinifera is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of about 500 m (1,600 ft), where it was found growing in a pasture on schist rocks. The lichen thallus, which is loosely attached to its substrate, is bright yellowish green in color and measures 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) in diameter. Although it lacks apothecia (fruiting bodies), it produces numerous pycnidia (asexual fruiting structures) that make conidia (asexual spores) that have a bifusiform shape and measure 0.5 by 5–6 μm. The lichen makes protocetraric acid, usnic acid, and skyrin; it is named for this later substance.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Jamaldeen Jimoh-Aloba
Jamaldeen Jimoh-Aloba (born 2 October 2006) is an English professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for EFL Championship side West Bromwich Albion, on loan from Aston Villa. Jimoh-Aloba is a product of the West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa academies and has represented England regularly at youth international level up to U18 level.

He made his senior debut for Aston Villa in the EFL Cup in September 2024 and won the 2024–25 FA Youth Cup with their under-18 side in May 2025. His first senior goal was the match winner on his European debut in January 2026 against FC Red Bull Salzburg in the final league stage match of the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League.

England national under-18 football team
England national under-18 football team, also known as England under-18s or England U18(s), represents England in association football at under-18 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

The team competed in the FIFA International Youth Tournament (later taken over by UEFA) and its successor, the UEFA European Under-18 Championship, and was often referred to as England Youth. After the tournament was renamed the European Under-18 Championship, England won twice more, in 1980 and 1993. In 1997, eligibility rules changed and the competition was rebranded as the UEFA European Under-19 Championship in 2001.

Nowadays, the under-18 banner is used for participation in international friendlies. The 2017 Toulon Tournament was also composed largely of under-18 players.
USS Alexander Hamilton (SSBN-617)
USS Alexander Hamilton (SSBN-617) was a United States Lafayette-class ballistic missile submarine. It was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, the first US Secretary of the Treasury, who was instrumental in the formation of both the United States Coast Guard and the United States Navy.

Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, officially Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and  Intermediate Maintenance Facility (PSNS & IMF), is a United States Navy shipyard covering 179 acres (0.7 km2) on Puget Sound at Bremerton, Washington in uninterrupted use since its establishment in 1891; it has also been known as Navy Yard Puget Sound, Bremerton Navy Yard, and the Bremerton Naval Complex.

It is bordered on the south by Sinclair Inlet, on the west by the Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap, and on the north and east by the city of Bremerton, Washington. It is the Pacific Northwest's largest naval shore facility and one of Washington state's largest industrial installations. PSNS & IMF provides the Navy with maintenance, modernization, and technical and logistics support, and employs 15,000 people which makes it the largest public shipyard in terms of personnel assigned.
Hellraiser: Hellworld
Hellraiser: Hellworld (also known as Hellraiser VIII: Hellworld) is a 2005 supernatural horror film directed by Rick Bota. It is the eighth installment in Hellraiser series. The Hellworld script is based on a short story called "Dark Can't Breathe" by Joel Soisson and was originally not planned as a Hellraiser film – it was reworked into that format. Hellraiser: Hellworld was released straight to DVD in the United States on September 6, 2005, after a handful of minor film festival and private screenings.

The film stars Lance Henriksen in the role of the Host. Henriksen had originally been approached to play the role of Frank Cotton in the first film in the series, Hellraiser. Henriksen turned the offer down in favor of a starring role in the vampire thriller Near Dark (1987). Henry Cavill also appears in one of his first film roles.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Kirkgate
Kirkgate is the name of:

Kirkgate, Leeds, a street in England

Kirkgate, Leith, a street in Scotland

Kirkgate (Wakefield), a street in England

Wakefield Kirkgate railway station, a station in England

Kirkgate, Leith
Kirkgate is an ancient thoroughfare in Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland. It runs north from the foot of Leith Walk towards Leith Docks. It is one of the oldest streets in the district and historically one of its most vital road links.

Most of the buildings on old Kirkgate and neighbouring streets such as Tolbooth Wynd were demolished in the 1960s and replaced by the Newkirkgate Shopping Centre and a new housing complex, which incorporates the A-listed tower block Linksview House, in 1965. The resident population were mainly dispersed to new housing developments elsewhere in Edinburgh.
Betacellulin
Betacellulin  is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21. Betacellulin was initially identified as a mitogen. Betacellulin, is a part of an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family and functions as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The role of betacellulin as an EGF is manifested differently in various tissues, and it has a great effect on nitrogen signaling in retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. While many studies attest a role for betacellulin in the differentiation of pancreatic β-cells, the last decade witnessed the association of betacellulin with many additional biological processes, ranging from reproduction to the control of neural stem cells.  Betacellulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events.

Mitogen
A mitogen is a small bioactive  protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis).  Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen.
Pyotr Konovnitsyn
Count Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsyn (Russian: Пётр Петро́вич Коновни́цын; 1764–1822) was a Russian military leader, General of Infantry, who served as Minister of War of the Russian Empire from 1815 to 1819.

3rd Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
The 3rd Infantry Division (Russian: 3-я пехотная дивизия, 3-ya pekhotnaya diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from 1806 until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. From before 1903 to the end of its existence the division was based in Kaluga.
2003 Italian Open – Women's doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez were the defending champions, but lost in quarterfinals to Els Callens and Émilie Loit.

Svetlana Kuznetsova and Martina Navratilova won the title, defeating Jelena Dokic and Nadia Petrova 6–4, 5–7, 6–2 in the final. It was the 6th doubles title for Kuznetsova and the 170th doubles title for Navratilova, in their respective careers.

Paola Suárez
Paola Suárez (Latin American Spanish: [paˈola ˈswaɾes]; born 23 June 1976) is a retired tennis player from Argentina. She was one of the most prominent women's doubles players throughout the early and mid-2000s, winning eight Grand Slam titles, all of them with Virginia Ruano Pascual, and holding the No. 1 doubles ranking for 87 non-consecutive weeks. She was also a singles top ten player and semifinalist at the 2004 French Open.
Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)
Raja Shivchhatrapati is an Indian Marathi language historical drama television series based on Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha Kingdom which aired on Star Pravah. The serial was re-telecast in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Star Pravah
Star Pravah is an Indian Marathi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts family dramas, comedies, reality shows and films.
Fonix
Fonix is a British payment company that provides a mobile payments and a mobile messaging platform. The company is headquartered in London.

Its services are used by the media, entertainment, telecoms, enterprise and commerce sectors and Fonix has connections to all of the UK mobile networks. When consumers make payments, they are charged to their mobile phone bill. This service can be used for ticketing, content, cash deposits and donations.

The company was founded in 2006 and it has partnerships with Vodafone (of which it is a platinum partner), EE Limited, Telefónica UK Limited and Hutchison 3G. Fonix's clients include ITV (TV network), Global, TNT Sports, Bauer and BBC Children in Need, Comic Relief and more.

Payment service provider
A payment service provider (PSP) is a third-party company that allows businesses to accept electronic payments, such as credit card and debit card payments. PSPs act as intermediaries between those who make payments, i.e. consumers, and those who accept them, i.e. retailers.

They will often provide merchant services and act as a payment gateway or payment processor for e-commerce and brick and mortar businesses.  They may also offer risk management services for card and bank based payments, transaction payment matching, digital wallets, reporting, fund remittance, currency exchange and fraud protection.  The PSP will typically provide software to integrate with e-commerce websites or point of sale systems.
1992 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Singles
Nicklas Kulti was the defending champion, but lost in the first round this year.

Goran Ivanišević defeated Christian Bergström 1–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 to secure the singles title of the 1992 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships tennis tournament.

Christian Bergström
Per Christian Bergström (Swedish: [ˈkrɪs.ti.an ˈbæ̂rjˌstrœm]; born 19 July 1967) is a former tennis player from Sweden, who turned professional in 1985. He did not win any titles (neither singles nor doubles) during his career, but reached three singles quarter-finals in Grand Slam tournaments: Wimbledon (1990, 1994) and Australian Open (1993). The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 27 January 1992, when he became World No. 32.
2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The 2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the twenty-third season of premier German touring car championship and also tenth season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series' resumption in 2000. The series began on 17 May at Hockenheim and finished on 25 October at the same venue.

Timo Scheider successfully defended his championship title, taking his Audi A4 to a five-point series win over Mercedes-Benz driver Gary Paffett.

Christian Bakkerud
Christian Bakkerud (3 November 1984 – 11 September 2011) was a Danish racing driver, who competed in the 2007 and 2008 GP2 Series seasons, albeit hindered by a recurrent back injury. Prior to GP2 he competed in British Formula 3 and Formula BMW.

Bakkerud was not related to rallycross driver Andreas Bakkerud.
Philip Verdon
Philip Verdon (22 February 1886 – 18 June 1960) was a British rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. Born in Brixton, London, he was educated at Westminster School London, then at Jesus College, Cambridge. As the strokeman in the coxless pair with George Fairbairn, he won a silver medal in rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, four rowing events were contested, all for men only. Races were held at Henley-on-Thames. The competitions were held from 28 to 31 July. There was one fewer event in 1908 than 1904, after the double sculls was dropped from the programme. Hungary and Norway competed in rowing for the first time, along with six other nations.
Ateni gorge
Ateni gorge is a gorge in the valley of Tana River (sometimes also called Tana gorge) in northern spurs of Trialeti Range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains. It is situated about 8 km south of the city of Gori in Shida Kartli region of the Republic of Georgia.

The gorge has a number of architectural monuments. Among them Ateni Sioni Church of the 7th century, Ateni fortress of at least 10th century, and a small church of the 7th-9th century. A historical town of Ateni was built in the 11th century, but completely destroyed subsequently.

Trialeti Range
Trialeti Range (Georgian: თრიალეთის ქედი) is an east-west mountain range of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region  of southern Georgia.

The eastern edge of the Range runs along the western border of Tbilisi, while the western edge lies along River Mtkvari to the southwest of Borjomi.  The length of the Trialeti Range is 144 kilometers and the maximum width is 30 kilometers.  The mountain range was built up by volcanic activity during the Paleogene period. Young, andesite lava flows are common in the western part of the Range.  The highest point is Mount Shaviklde (meaning "black cliff" in Georgian) at an elevation of 2,850 meters above sea level (9,348 ft.).  The slopes of the Range are mainly covered by deciduous forests made up of oak, beech, and hornbeam.  The western parts of Trialeti are covered by coniferous and mixed forests made up of fir, spruce, pine, beech, and oak.
Kristjan Raud
Kristjan Raud (22 October 1865, Kirikuküla, Vinni Parish – 19 May 1943, Tallinn) was an Estonian symbolist painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Estonian National Museum. Folklore elements figure heavily in his subject matter and his style is reminiscent of Primitivism.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
AXFS
AXFS (Advanced XIP Filesystem) is a compressed read-only file system for Linux, initially developed at Intel, and now maintained at Numonyx. It was designed to use execute in place (XIP) alongside compression aiming to reduce boot and program load times, while retaining a small memory footprint for embedded devices. This is achieved by mixing compressed and uncompressed pages in the same executable file. AXFS is free software licensed under the GPL.

Cramfs is another read-only compressed file system that supports XIP (with patches); however, it uses a strategy of decompressing entire files, whereas AXFS supports XIP with page granularity. - this access strategy allows for near-ideal performance in typical (for embedded/compressed filesystems starting an operating system and applications) scenarios.

Page (computer memory)
A page, memory page, or virtual page is a fixed-length contiguous block of virtual memory, described by a single entry in a page table. It is the smallest unit of data for memory management in an operating system that uses virtual memory. Similarly, a page frame is the smallest fixed-length contiguous block of physical memory into which memory pages are mapped by the operating system.

A transfer of pages between main memory and an auxiliary store, such as a hard disk drive, is referred to as paging or swapping.
Hawkins Ridge
Hawkins Ridge is a ridge in southeastern Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. The north-south trending ridge is traversed by Missouri Route EE and lies about two miles east of Norfork Lake. Hawkins Ridge church and cemetery lie adjacent to Route EE along the ridge.

Hawkins Ridge has the name of G. W. Hawkins, a pioneer citizen.

Ozark County, Missouri
Ozark County is a county in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. The estimated 2026 population is 9,276. The largest city and county seat is Gainesville. The county was organized as Ozark County, named after the Ozark Mountains, on January 29, 1841. It was renamed Decatur County, after Commodore Stephen Decatur, from 1843 to 1845, after which the name Ozark County was restored.