hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 USL Championship playoffs
The 2024 USL Championship playoffs (branded as the 2024 USL Championship Playoffs presented by TERMINIX for sponsorship reasons) was the post-season championship of the 2024 USL Championship season. It is the fourteenth edition of the USL Championship playoffs. The playoffs began on the November 1, and concluded on November 23.

Phoenix Rising FC, the 2023 Western Conference champions, were the defending title holders, winning against the Eastern Conference champion Charleston Battery in a penalty shoot-out for their first title in the 2023 USL Championship playoffs. Louisville was the first team to clinch a playoff berth when they defeated Loudoun United FC on September 6.  They went on to win the players shield on October 5 after drawing 2–2 with Indy Eleven.

In the 2024 USL Championship final, Colorado Springs Switchbacks won a first ever championship, defeating debutant team Rhode Island FC 3-0.

2024 USL Championship season
The 2024 USL Championship season was the 14th season of the USL Championship and the seventh season under Division II sanctioning. The 2024 season had 24 teams participating in two conferences during the regular season. Conference realignment moved Memphis 901 FC and FC Tulsa to the Western Conference, while expansion sides North Carolina FC and Rhode Island FC joined the Eastern Conference. Phoenix Rising FC are the defending league champions and the Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC are the defending Players' Shield winners.
Comminges
The Comminges (French pronunciation: [kɔmɛ̃ʒ]; Occitan/Gascon: Comenge) is an ancient region of southern France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, corresponding approximately to the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens in the department of Haute-Garonne. This region is normally associated with the former domain of the Counts of Comminges, although earlier definitions are based on the Diocese of Comminges or the territory of the Convenae.

Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens
The arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitanie region. It has 235 communes. Its population is 77,331 (2021), and its area is 2,139.6 km2 (826.1 sq mi).
Reptin
Reptin is a tumor repressor protein that is a member of the ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities (AAA+) helicase family and regulates KAI1. Desumoylation of reptin alters the repressive function of reptin and its association with HDAC1. The sumoylation status of reptin modulates the invasive activity of cancer cells with metastatic potential. Reptin was reported in 2010 to be a good marker for metastasis. Another name for reptin, RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2 or RVL2) comes from its similarity to RuvB, an ATP-dependent helicase found in bacteria. Reptin is highly conserved, being found in yeast, drosophila, and humans. It presents itself as a member of a number of different protein complexes, most of which function in chromatin modification, including PRC1, TIP60/NuA4 and INO80. Hence, it also has the names INO80J, TIP48, and TIP49B. In the majority of its functions, reptin is paired with a very similar protein, pontin (RUVBL1).

HINT1
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 also known as adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HINT1 gene.

HINT1 hydrolyzes purine nucleotide phosphoramidates with a single phosphate group. In addition, functions as scaffolding protein that modulates transcriptional activation.

It is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colon cancer cells and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) activity in human mast cells. In the LysRS-Ap4A-MITF signaling pathway, HINT1 inhibits the MITF transcriptional activity by direct association. Upon pathway activation, HINT1 is released from MITF by diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), produced by LysRS.
Jugging
Jugging is the process of stewing whole animals, mainly game or fish, for an extended period in a tightly covered container such as a casserole or an earthenware jug.
In France a similar stew of a game animal (historically thickened with the animal's blood) is known as a civet.

Game (hunting)
Game or quarry are wild animals which are hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies. The species of animals hunted as game varies in different parts of the world and by different local jurisdictions, though most are terrestrial mammals and birds. Fish caught non-commercially (recreational fishing) are also referred to as game fish.
Owen Butler
Owen Fintan Xavier Butler (born 15 September 1975) is an Irish cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast bowler.

He made his debut for Ireland in June 1994 against the MCC. His List A debut came the following year in a Benson and Hedges Cup match against Surrey. His only first-class match was against Scotland in August 1996.

He was then absent from the Irish team for almost four years before making a comeback in the ICC Emerging Nations tournament in Zimbabwe in April 2000. Later that year, he played in the European Championship, the match against Italy being his twelfth and, to date, last match for Ireland.

Italy national cricket team
The Italy men's national cricket team is the team that represents Italy in men's international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 1995, having previously been an affiliate member since 1984. The Italy national cricket team is administered by the Italian Cricket Federation.
Oscar Hinsberg
Oscar Heinrich Daniel Hinsberg (21 October 1857 – 13 February 1939) was a German chemist.

Hinsberg was born in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia. In 1882 he obtained his doctorate in sciences at the University of Tübingen, later serving as a professor at the Universities of Freiburg and Geneva.

He is known for research involving synthesis of oxindole, sulfone and thiophene. In 1890 he introduced the "Hinsberg reaction", a test used for differentiation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Thiophene
Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor.  In most of its reactions, it resembles benzene. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C4H4O), selenophene (C4H4Se) and pyrrole (C4H4NH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring.
Edith Wharton
Edith Newbold Wharton (/ˈhwɔːrtən/; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American writer and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of upper-class New York society to portray, realistically, the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. In 1921, she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. Her other well-known works are The House of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable ghost stories.

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.

As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918).

The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 and eligibility was expanded to the broader "distinguished fiction published in book form". The Advisory Board wanted to give the award to James A. Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, which required expanding the category criteria and lifting the ban on short stories.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

Bent Høie
Bent Høie (born 4 May 1971) is a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party who has served as county governor of Rogaland since 2021. He previously served as Minister of Health and Care Services from 2013 to 2021, and as a member of the Storting from Rogaland from 2000 to 2021.
Horcasitas
Horcasitas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas, 1st Count of Revillagigedo (1681–1766), Spanish general, governor of Havana, captain general of Cuba, and viceroy of New Spain

Juan Molinar Horcasitas (1955–2015), Mexican academic, civil servant and politician

Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo (1740–1799), Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain

Juan Molinar Horcasitas
Juan Francisco Molinar Horcasitas (18 December 1955 – 20 May 2015) was a Mexican politician and academic. A member of the National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN), he served as a federal deputy and, between 2 December 2006 and 2 March 2009, director of the Mexican Social Security Institute.

President Felipe Calderón appointed Molinar Secretary of Communications and Transport on 3 March 2009. He replaced Luis Tellez in this post following the release of recordings of Téllez criticizing former president Carlos Salinas de Gortari.
Punto Informatico
Punto Informatico (literally "Informatic point", pun for "Informative place") is an Italian online newspaper.

Founded in 1995 and established in 1996, it has been the first Italian daily newspaper published online and one of the most read and influential in Italy.: 229  With 1.1 millions of reader per month, the online edition was the third most widely read in Italy as of June 2008, after La Repubblica, Corriere della Sera and La Stampa.

It has a front page and several specific section dedicated to different topics such as "topicality", "technology", "law", "business" and "security". It has also been defined a "source for legal information", because of its interest to legal related topics and expert writers.: 11

Punto Informatico was nominated twice for the Ischia International Journalism Award, in 2009 and 2010.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Steve Okoniewski
Steve Okoniewski (August 22, 1949 – February 25, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills, Green Bay Packers, and St. Louis Cardinals. Of Polish descent, he retired as principal from Luxemburg-Casco High School located in Luxemburg, Wisconsin and was a volunteer coach with that team's Spartans football program. Okoniewski died on February 25, 2024, at the age of 74.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Josef Pierre Nuyttens
Josef Pierre Nuyttens (also known as Pierre Nuyttens; August 7, 1885 – January 9, 1960) was a Belgian-American artist. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. His most notable works were his illustrations for four books by L. Frank Baum as well as many portraits of famous people. Currently his art is displayed in many permanent collections such as the Art Institute of Chicago and the National Portrait Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution.

The Flying Girl
The Flying Girl is a novel written by L. Frank Baum, author of the Oz books. It was first published in 1911. In the book, Baum pursued an innovative blending of genres to create a modern flying adventure melodrama. The book was followed by a sequel, The Flying Girl and Her Chum, published the next year, 1912. Both books were illustrated by Joseph Pierre Nuyttens, the artist who also illustrated Baum's Annabel and  Phoebe Daring in 1912.

As with Baum's other books for girls, these two novels were published under the pseudonym "Edith Van Dyne."
Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2019
Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2019 was the first edition of Europe's Biggest Dance Show, a multinational dance music simulcast presented by Euroradio and hosted by BBC Radio 1, in collaboration with seven other radio stations from across Europe: 1LIVE, Fritz, Mouv', NPO 3FM, RTÉ 2FM, SR P3 and Studio Brussel.

Sveriges Radio P3
Sveriges Radio P3 (P3) is a semi-mainstream CHR/CHR Alternative-formatted station operated by Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcasting organization Sveriges Radio. The P in P3 originally stood for Program (Programme) but today has no official meaning and is simply a name. P3 was officially similar and related to BBC Radio 1.

P3 is broadcast nationwide on FM (also digitally via DAB in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, and Luleå) as well as being streamed on the internet. It also operated the web- and DAB-only channel P3 Star until June 2019.
Felimidh Ó Corcrán
Felimidh Ó Corcrán (died 1522) was an Irish Doctor of Canon Law.

Ó Corcrán was a member of a Brehon family from County Fermanagh. The Annals of the Four Masters record his death, sub anno 1522:

Master Felim O'Corcran, a learned doctor of the canon law, died.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
G. O. Olusanya
Gabriel Olakunle Olusanya (1936–2012) was a Nigerian academic, administrator and diplomat who was the Nigerian ambassador to France from 1991 to 1996. In academia, many of his scholarly works focused on contemporary Nigerian history and foreign relations.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
Thaiyalkaran
Thaiyalkaran (transl. Tailor) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by S. P. Muthuraman, written by Mahendran and produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu. The film stars R. Parthiban, Aishwarya, Saikumar Pudipeddi, Sreeja and Charmila, with Muralikumar, Chokkalinga Bhagavathar, Vasu Vikram, Dubbing Janaki and Ganeshkar in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1991.

Sreeja
Sreeja is an Indian actress who was active in Malayalam films from 1989 to 1994. Her lead roles in Indrajaalam (1990) as Mohanlal's heroine and Cheriya Lokavum Valiya Manushyarum (1990) are well noted. She had acted only in a few films.
Thomas Beighton
Thomas Beighton (25 December 1790 – 14 April 1844) was an English Protestant Christian missionary who served with the London Missionary Society to the Chinese people of Malaysia in the early nineteenth century.

Beighton was born in Ednaston, Derbyshire, England. In 1821 Beighton and fellow missionary, John Ince toured the coast of Queda on the Malay Peninsula, first visiting Queda Muda, so that they could distribute copies of the Bible in Chinese as well as Gospel tracts while engaging in personal evangelism. At Pulu Tega, they had an interview with the Rajah, who gave them permission to visit Queda.

Beighton died in Penang, Malaysia after 25 years of missionary work  and was buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Penang.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.

Minimum mean square error estimator
In statistics and signal processing, a minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE estimator) is an estimation method which minimizes the mean square error (MSE), which is a common measure of estimator quality, of the fitted values of a dependent variable. In the Bayesian setting, MMSE more specifically refers to estimation with quadratic loss function. In such case, the MMSE estimator is given by the posterior mean of the parameter to be estimated. Since the posterior mean is cumbersome to calculate, the form of the MMSE estimator is usually constrained to be within a certain class of functions. Linear MMSE estimators are a popular choice since they are easy to use, easy to calculate, and very versatile. It has given rise to many popular estimators such as the Wiener–Kolmogorov filter and Kalman filter.
Beskidenverein
Beskidenverein, Beskiden-Verein, Beskiden Verein was a German tourist association founded in 1893. It was the first organization operating in the Beskids region, which at that time belonged to Austria-Hungary and currently belongs to Poland; the Polish Tatra Association was founded in 1873 but initially limited its activities to the Tatra Mountains and the Beskid ranges located in present-day Ukraine, while the Czech Pohorská jednota "Radhošť" was active in the Beskids currently belonging to the Czech Republic.

Beskidenverein conducted extensive activities to promote mass tourism and was a pioneer of Beskid tourism in many fields. It operated officially until 1945.

Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy; Czech: Beskydy; Slovak: Beskydy; Rusyn: Бескиды, Beskydŷ; Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskydy) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m (6,762 ft).
2013 Norfolk County Council election
The 2013 Norfolk County Council election took place across Norfolk on 2 May 2013, coinciding with local elections for all county councils in England. The results were announced the following day, Friday 3 May 2013. The result brought to an end 12 years of Conservative administration, who finished three seats short of a majority after losing 20 seats, leaving the Council in no overall control (NOC). UKIP and the Labour Party both made gains of 14 and 11 seats respectively. The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party both lost three seats each, whilst an independent won a single seat in North Norfolk.

2013 United Kingdom local elections
The 2013 United Kingdom local elections took place on Thursday 2 May 2013. Elections were held in 35 English councils: all 27 non-metropolitan county councils and eight unitary authorities, and in one Welsh unitary authority. Direct mayoral elections took place in Doncaster and North Tyneside. These elections last took place on the 4 June 2009 at the same time as the 2009 European Parliament Elections, except for County Durham, Northumberland and the Anglesey where elections last took place in 2008.

The BBC's projected national vote share (PNV) put Labour on 29%, the Conservatives on 25%, UKIP on 23% and the Liberal Democrats on 14%. Elections analysts Rallings and Thrasher estimated 29% for Labour, 26% for the Conservatives, 22% for UKIP and 13% for the Liberal Democrats.

On the same day a parliamentary by-election took place in the North East constituency of South Shields following the departure of David Miliband, with the Labour Party retaining the seat.
Tilted Axis Press
Tilted Axis Press is a non-profit British publishing house specializing in the publication of contemporary Asian literature. Founded by Deborah Smith in 2015 following the success of her translation of Han Kang's The Vegetarian, the organization has gone on to publish 42 books and several chapbooks translated from 18 languages. Tilted Axis became known as the original translator and English language publisher of Tokyo Ueno Station by Miri Yu, which went on to receive critical acclaim as both a book and translation. Their profile rose higher in 2022, when Tomb of Sand, written by Geetanjali Shree and translated by Daisy Rockwell, won the International Booker Prize, marking the first novel written in Hindi to take the award.

Tokyo Ueno Station (novel)
Tokyo Ueno Station (Japanese: JR上野駅公園口, Hepburn: JR Ueno-Eki Kōenguchi) is a 2014 novel by Zainichi Korean author Yū Miri.

The novel reflects the author's engagement with historical memory and margins by incorporating themes of a migrant laborer from northeastern Japan and his work on Olympic construction sites in Tokyo, as well as the 11 March 2011 disaster. In November 2020, Tokyo Ueno Station won the National Book Award for Translated Literature for the English translation by translator Morgan Giles.