hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bad Schandau Elevator
The Bad Schandau Elevator is a passenger truss-tower elevator built in 1904 at Bad Schandau, a spa town in Saxony, Germany. The height of the elevator is 52.6 metres (173 ft), in an art nouveau-style steel framework tower, which has a diameter of 5.2 metres (17 ft) at the ground and at the door such of 2.5 metres (8.2 ft). On the way upward it overcomes a difference in height of 47.76 metres (156.7 ft). It functions as an observation tower.

Observation tower
An observation tower is a tower used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least 20 metres (66 ft) tall and are made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches. The towers first appeared in the ancient world, as long ago as the Babylonian Empire.

Observation towers that are used as guard posts or observation posts over an extended period to overlook an area are commonly called watchtowers instead.

Similar instances of observation towers are recognised as crow's nests, observatories, viewing platforms, etc.
Rio Amarillo (Mayan site)
Rio Amarillo also known as La Castellona or La Canteada, is an archaeological site of the Mayan civilization located in the department of Copan in Honduras that dates back to the Mesoamerican classical period. The structures found reveal that it was a city of big size and that functioned as a point of passage for Mayan travelers during their journeys, although it also shows the decline of the Mayan Civilization and it was the last Mayan city in Honduran soil to be abandoned by the end of the classic period.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Tritonia cedarmontana
Tritonia cedarmontana is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a perennial geophyte and is part of the fynbos ecoregion. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs on the southern Cederberg. Here the species has a range of less than 20 km² and the single population occurs in a gorge where it grows on the slopes.

Cederberg
The Cederberg mountains are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about 32°30′S 19°0′E﻿ / ﻿32.500°S 19.000°E﻿ / -32.500; 19.000. The mountain range is named after the endangered Clanwilliam cedar (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis), which is a tree endemic to the area. The mountains are noted for dramatic rock formations and San rock art. The Cederberg Wilderness Area is administered by CapeNature.

Cederberg is now the generally accepted spelling for the area, which combines the English (Cedarberg) and Afrikaans (Sederberg) variants.
2013–14 Martyr's Memorial A-Division League
The 2013–14 Martyr's Memorial A-Division League season (Nepali: 2013-14 शहीद स्मारक ए डिभिजन लीग), also known as the Martyrs' Memorial Red Bull 'A' Division League Football Tournament 2013–14 for sponsorship reasons, was the 41st edition of the Martyr's Memorial A-Division League since its establishment in 1954/55. A total of 13 teams competed in the league. The season began on 30 December 2013 and concluded on 1 March 2014.

Three Star Club were the defending champions. Manang Marshyangdi Club won the title for the record 7th time.

Martyr's Memorial A-Division League
Martyr's Memorial A-Division League, (Nepali: शहीद स्मारक ए- डिभिजन लिग; formerly known as the Kathmandu League Championship), also known as the Qatar Airways Martyr's Memorial A-Division League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional football league in Nepal and the highest level of football in Nepal.

Administered and organized by All Nepal Football Association, it is contested by 14 teams, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Martyr's Memorial B-Division League. The season usually runs from November to March with each team playing every other team twice.

A new Nepal National League was created in 2011 to give a chance to compete at A level tournaments to the clubs outside Kathmandu valley. There were 9 clubs competing in the National League, 5 of which are teams of Martyr's Memorial A-Division League.

Champion of the league for the season is granted qualification into the Asian continental club competition, the AFC Challenge League.
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (also known as PhIP) is one of the most abundant heterocyclic amines (HCAs) found in cooked meat. PhIP is formed at high temperatures from the reaction between creatine or creatinine (found in muscle meats), amino acids, and sugar. PhIP formation increases with the temperature and duration of cooking and also depends on the method of cooking and the variety of meat being cooked. The U.S.  Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program has declared PhIP as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen".  International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of World Health Organization, has classified PhIP as IARC Group 2B carcinogen (i.e.,  possibly carcinogenic to humans). There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals, as well as in vitro models, for the carcinogenicity of PhIP.

Creatinine
Creatinine (/kriˈætɪnɪn, -ˌniːn/; from Ancient Greek  κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
A Reporter's Life
A Reporter's Life by Walter Cronkite was published by Ballantine Books on October 28, 1997. The 384-page memoir chronicles Cronkite's decades of reporting, focusing on his experiences with D-Day, the Civil Rights Movement, the John Kennedy assassination, NASA's first crewed Moon landing and Moon walk, freedom movements in South Africa and much more. It includes personal accounts of his interactions with presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Richard Nixon.

Free South Africa Movement
The Free South Africa Movement (FSAM) was a coalition of individuals, organizations, students, and unions across the United States of America who sought to end Apartheid in South Africa. With local branches throughout the country, it was the primary anti-Apartheid movement in the United States. Famous artists also got involved including Keith Haring who handed out over 20,000 'Free South Africa' posters.
Vũ Ngọc Đỉnh
Vũ Ngọc Đỉnh was a North Vietnamese MiG-21 fighter ace of the Vietnamese People's Air Force's. Đỉnh flew with the 921st fighter regiment and tied for fourth place amongst Vietnam War fighter aces with six kills (four solo, two shared). He was awarded Hero of the People's Armed Forces in 1970. Đỉnh was married to Thu Hiền, a famous traditional singer who was later honored with People's Artist.

The following kills are credited to Đỉnh by the VPAF:

11 July 1966, a USAF F-105D (pilot McLelland)

30 April 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Abbott?)

19 November 1967, a USAF EB-66 (shared kill with Nguyễn Đăng Kỉnh);

17 December 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Ellis)

23 February 1968, a USAF F-4D (pilot Gutterson, WSO Donald)

28 January 1970, a USAF HH-53B (crew Bell, Leeser + 4)

Sikorsky MH-53
The Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low series is a retired long-range special operations and combat search and rescue (CSAR) helicopter for the United States Air Force.  The series was upgraded from the HH-53B/C, variants of the Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion.  The HH-53 "Super Jolly Green Giant" was initially developed to replace the HH-3E "Jolly Green Giant".  The U.S. Air Force's MH-53J/M fleet was retired in September 2008.
Left, Right, Left (song)
"Left, Right, Left" (also known as "Left/Right") is a song written and performed by American rapper Drama. It was released on October 12, 1999 via Atlantic Records as the lead single off of the rapper's debut studio album Causin' Drama. Production was handled by Shawty Redd, with Raheem the Dream serving as executive producer.

Drama's "Left, Right, Left" reached number 73 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 18 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 35 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, number 17 on the Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, number 2 on the Hot Rap Songs, number 14 on the Rap Airplay, number 38 on the Rhythmic Airplay and number 8 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales in the United States.

Rhythmic Airplay
The Rhythmic Airplay chart (previously named Rhythmic Songs, Rhythmic Top 40 and CHR/Rhythmic) is an airplay chart published weekly by Billboard magazine.

The chart tracks and measures the airplay of songs played on US rhythmic radio stations, whose playlist includes mostly hit-driven R&B/hip-hop, rhythmic pop, and some dance tracks. Nielsen Audio sometimes refers to the format as rhythmic contemporary hit radio.
Morè (clan)
Morè is the name of a Maratha clan as well as a Mahar clan from the state of Maharashtra. Members of the More Maratha clan as well as the Mahar clan use the clan name as their surname. The totem associated with the clan is a peacock. Members of the Mahar clan worshipping the same Totem cannot intermarry. 'More' is also an exogamous clan in the Bhils of Maharashtra.

According to Kosambi, the adoption of the title 'Chandrarav More' in the Marathas may have been inspired because of the admiration for Candragupta Maurya from the north and locals even to the south of Goa had knowledge of the "petty 'Mauryans'".

Mahar
Mahar is an Indian caste found largely in the state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas. As of 2017 the Mahar caste is designated as a Scheduled Caste in 16 Indian states.
Most of the Mahar community followed B. R. Ambedkar in converting to Buddhism in the middle of the 20th century. This was in response to the injustices of the caste system practiced within Brahmanism.
Patrick Joyce (politician)
Patrick J. Joyce is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate from the 40th district since November 8, 2019. The 40th district, located partly in the Chicago area, includes all or parts of Bourbonnais, Bradley, Chicago Heights, Coal City, Essex, Flossmoor, Frankfort, Glenwood, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Joliet, Kankakee, Manhattan, Matteson, Mokena, Monee, New Lenox, Park Forest, Richton Park, Steger, University Park, and Wilmington.

Joyce was appointed to the district on November 8, 2019 after former State Senator Toi Hutchinson resigned to become the new Illinois Cannabis Regulation Oversight Officer.

Bradley, Illinois
Bradley (formerly North Kankakee) is a village in Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of the city of Kankakee. The population was 15,419 at the 2020 census.

Bradley is a principal city of the Kankakee–Bradley Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Kankakee County. The county is also part of the larger Chicago–Naperville–Michigan City, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area.

Bradley is home to the Northfield Square Mall.
Minister for the Abduction Issue
The Minister for the Abduction Issue (拉致問題担当大臣, rachi mondai tantō daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan responsible for addressing the issue of North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens. The minister reports to the Headquarters for the Abduction Issue (拉致問題対策本部, rachi mondai taisaku honbu).

As of October 2025, the minister in charge of the abduction issue is Minoru Kihara.

Cabinet of Japan
The Cabinet of Japan (内閣, Naikaku; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜi.ka.kɯ]) is the chief executive body of the government of Japan. It consists of the prime minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the National Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, called ministers of state. The current cabinet, the Second Takaichi cabinet, was formed on 18 February 2026 and is led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The country has had a Liberal Democratic Party-led majority government since 2026.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.
The Healthy Back Store
The Healthy Back Store, or simply Healthy Back, was a chain of stores centered in Maryland and Virginia that sold products aimed at helping people with back pain or other physical conditions. The company stated on its website www.healthyback.com that it is out of business as of September 20, 2023. The company was founded by Anthony Mazlish in 1994 in Rockville, Maryland after he suffered a back injury and found there was an open niche for a specialty back retailer.

Healthy Back has 19 locations in 7 states and a corporate office in Beltsville, Maryland. They are currently the largest independently owned back care retailer. A 2008 report quoted the founder as stating that e-commerce made up 40% of their sales.

On April 1, 2015, the Healthy Back Store filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy (Case 15-14653) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Maryland.

Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.
Samar Quadri
Samar Quadri (born 27 July 1989) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Bihar. He made his first-class debut for Jharkhand against Assam on 17 November 2009 in 2009-10 Ranji Trophy. He made his List A debut on 3 March 2014, for Jharkhand in the 2013–14 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

Assam cricket team
The Assam cricket team is a domestic cricket team represents the Indian state of Assam, run by the Assam Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class tournament Ranji Trophy, limited-overs tournament Vijay Hazare Trophy and the Twenty20, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Unambiguous finite automaton
In automata theory, an unambiguous finite automaton (UFA) is a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) such that each word has at most one accepting path. Each deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is an UFA, but not vice versa. DFA, UFA, and NFA recognize exactly the same class of formal languages.
On the one hand, an NFA can be exponentially smaller than an equivalent DFA. On the other hand, some problems are easily solved on DFAs and not on UFAs. For example, given an automaton A, an automaton A′ which accepts the complement of A can be computed in linear time when A is a DFA, whereas it is known that this cannot be done in polynomial time for UFAs. Hence UFAs are a mix of the worlds of DFA and of NFA; in some cases, they lead to smaller automata than DFA and quicker algorithms than NFA.

P (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time.

Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems that are "efficiently solvable" or "tractable". This is inexact: in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb.
Alexander Karpovtsev
Alexander Georgievich Karpovtsev (Russian: Александр Георгиевич Карповцев; April 7, 1970 – September 7, 2011) was a Russian ice hockey player and an assistant coach for Ak Bars Kazan and Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the National Hockey League (NHL), he played for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, New York Islanders, and Florida Panthers. He, Alexei Kovalev, Sergei Zubov and Sergei Nemchinov were the first Russian players to have their names engraved on the Stanley Cup, winning it in 1994 with the Rangers. He was traded by the Maple Leafs to the Blackhawks for Bryan McCabe after a contract dispute where Karpovstev was seeking a salary that would have made him the highest paid defender on the team.

Karpovtsev, while an assistant coach for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, died in the 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash.

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
Hockey Club Lokomotiv (Russian: ХК Локомотив, English: Locomotive HC), also known as Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, is a professional ice hockey club based in Yaroslavl, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The name of the team is derived from its owner, Russian Railways, the national railroad operator.

On 7 September 2011, nearly the entire team perished in a plane crash. The team's flight to a game in Minsk crashed during takeoff, killing all of the team's roster (except forward Maxim Zyuzyakin, who was not on the flight), all coaching staff (except goaltending coach Jorma Valtonen, not on the flight) and four players from the Loko 9 juniors squad of the Minor Hockey League (MHL). The tragedy forced Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to cancel their participation in the 2011–12 KHL season. In their 16th season in the KHL in 2024–25, Lokomotiv captured the Gagarin Cup, their first in franchise history.
Drumlish
Drumlish (Irish: Droim Lis, meaning 'fort of the ridge') is a village in County Longford, Ireland. It is on the R198 road 10 km (6 mi) north of Longford town, close to the border with County Leitrim. The population of the village increased markedly between the 2002 and 2022 censuses, growing from 277 to 1,124 inhabitants in that 20-year period.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Troy Township, Illinois
Troy Township is located in Will County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 45,991 and it contained 17,522 housing units. It contains the western edge of the city of Joliet and the entirety of the village of Shorewood.

Joliet, Illinois
Joliet (/ˈdʒoʊliɛt, ˌdʒoʊliˈɛt/ JOH-lee-et, -⁠ET) is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Chicago, it is the county seat of Will County. The population was 150,362 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Illinois.
Meadowbrook High School (Byesville, Ohio)
Meadowbrook High School is a public high school in Byesville, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Rolling Hills Local School District. Athletic teams compete as the Meadowbrook Colts in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Muskingum Valley League.

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The amateur foil competition had 54 fencers from 10 nations compete. There was no limit on the number of fencers per nation; 39 of the 54 competitors were French. For the first round, quarterfinals, and repechage, skill and art with the foil was more important to advancing than winning the bout. The event was swept by French fencers: Émile Coste, Henri Masson, and Marcel Boulenger took the top three places. It was the second consecutive Games that France had taken the top two ranks in the event.

Émile Coste
Émile Louis François Désiré Coste (2 February 1862 in Toulon – 7 July 1927 in Toulon) was a French fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the gold medal in the foil, defeating fellow French fencer Henri Masson in the final.
Student Seduction
Student Seduction is a 2003 television film directed by Peter Svatek and starring Elizabeth Berkley, Corey Sevier and Rick Roberts. It was produced by Lions Gate Entertainment's Lionsgate Television, filmed in Montréal, Québec, and premiered on Lifetime on May 5, 2003.

The film's working title was Inappropriate Behaviour.

Starz Entertainment
Starz Entertainment Corp., formerly known as Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation, or simply Lionsgate, is a Canadian-American entertainment company currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Founded by Frank Giustra on July 10, 1997, it is/was domiciled and incorporated in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Prior to 2024, the then-named Lionsgate owned film and television studios under its own umbrella. It was spun-off into Lionsgate Studios on May 14, 2024, of which Starz owned 87% until its separation on May 7, 2025. The company trades on Nasdaq with the stock symbol STRZ.
Ntambanana Local Municipality
Ntambanana Local Municipality was a local municipality within the uThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. In 2016, the municipality was dissolved and its territory divided between Mthonjaneni Local Municipality, uMhlathuze Local Municipality and uMfolozi Local Municipality.

The municipality was named after the Ntambanana River, which passes through the municipality.

The Ingonyama Trust owns 85% of the land in the former municipal area, with the remaining 15% being privately owned by commercial farmers.

Local municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a local municipality (Tswana: mmasepalaselegae; Sotho: masepala wa lehae; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selegae; Afrikaans: plaaslike munisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wendawo; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wendawo; Xhosa: umasipala wengingqi; Swazi: masipaladi wasekhaya; Venda: masipalawapo; Tsonga: masipala wa muganga) or Category B municipality is a type of municipality that serves as the third, and most local, tier of local government. Each district municipality is divided into a number of local municipalities, and responsibility for municipal affairs is divided between the district and local municipalities. There are 205 local municipalities in South Africa.

A local municipality may include rural areas as well as one or more towns or small cities. In larger urban areas there are no district or local municipalities, and a metropolitan municipality is responsible for all municipal affairs.
Bronto
Bronto

Bronto, an unofficial unit prefix, used to represent anything from 1015 to 1027 bytes, most often 1027

Bronto Software, a software company

"Bronto-" a prefix used in the classification of many large animals, such as Brontosaurus or Brontotherium

PSA Bronto (Russian: ПСА Бронто) Russian company for the production of special vehicles and SUVs.

PSA Bronto
PSA Bronto (Russian: ПСА Бронто) was a Russian company focused on the production of special vehicles and SUVs. It was established in 1993 and closed in 2015. While in operation, it was closely associated with AvtoVAZ. The Bronto badging is still used.