hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bateson Project
The Bateson Project (1953-1963) was the name given to a ground-breaking collaboration organized by Gregory Bateson which was responsible for some of the most important papers and innovations in communication and psychotherapy in the 1950s and early 1960s. Its other members were Donald deAvila Jackson, Jay Haley, John Weakland, and Bill Fry. Perhaps their most famous and influential publication was Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia (1956), which introduced the concept of the Double Bind, and helped found Family Therapy.

One of the project's first locations was the Menlo Park VA Hospital, which was chosen because of Bateson's previous work there as an ethnologist. The initial research, which was funded by a Rockefeller grant, focused on "strange communication" and nonsensical language among the patients of the institution who had schizophrenia. The group studied this within the context of double bind communication in family dynamics.

Donald deAvila Jackson
Donald deAvila Jackson, M.D. (January 2, 1920 – January 29, 1968) was an American psychiatrist best known for his pioneering work in family therapy.

From 1947 to 1951, he studied under Harry Stack Sullivan. From 1953 to 1962, he worked with Gregory Bateson, John Weakland, Jay Haley and William Fry, developing thinking in the areas of family therapy, brief therapy, systems theory and communication theory. One of the results of this research was the development of the double bind theory of schizophrenia.

In 1958, he founded the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, and was its first director.

Don died by accident while experimenting with possibly sodium pentothal as a form of reaching the subconscious on 29 January 1968.  His death was alluded to cryptically, (often referred to as a suicide) because of the fact he was experimenting on himself.
Boag
Boag is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carly Boag (born 1991), Australian basketball player

Colin Boag, British Army officer

Erin Boag (born 1975), New Zealand ballroom dancer

G. T. Boag (1884–1969), British civil servant

James Boag I (c. 1804–1890), Australian brewery founder and proprietor

James Boag II (1854–1919), Australian brewery proprietor

John Boag (disambiguation), various people

Keith Boag, Canadian television journalist

Michelle Boag (born 1954), New Zealand public relations practitioner

Peter Boag, Canadian scientist

Stuart Boag (disambiguation), various people

Tommy Boag (1814–1977), Australian rules footballer

Wally Boag (1920–2011), American stage performer

Yvonne Boag (born 1954), Scottish-born Australian artist

Carly Boag
Carly Denise Elizabeth Boag (born 4 September 1991) is an Australian-Canadian basketball player who last played for the Mandurah Magic of the NBL1 West. She played college basketball for the Minot State Beavers and has played in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) for the Sydney Uni Flames and Bendigo Spirit.
Nichols' Regiment of Militia
Nichols' Regiment of Militia also known as the 5th New Hampshire Militia Regiment was called up on July 21, 1777 at Winchester, New Hampshire, for Gen. John Stark's Brigade gathering at Charlestown, New Hampshire during the Saratoga Campaign. It was named for Dr Moses Nichols, who was appointed colonel of the regiment in 1776.

Nichols' Regiment moved to the rear of Friedrich Baum's redoubt and assaulted from behind (west) as Stickney's, Hale's and Hobart's assaulted from the front (east) and Simonds' attacked from the south during the Battle of Bennington. Nichols' Regiment would continue on in Stark's Brigade to cut off British Gen. John Burgoyne from retreat or supply after the Battle of Freeman's Farm. Nichols' Regiment would also take part in Gen. John Sullivan's campaign in Rhode Island in 1778. The regiment also served as part of the garrison of West Point during the year of 1780, during which time Benedict Arnold attempted to sell the post to the British.

Charlestown, New Hampshire
Charlestown is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,806 at the 2020 census, down from 5,114 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Hubbard State Forest and the headquarters of the Student Conservation Association.

The primary village in town, where 1,078 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Charlestown census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. The town also includes the villages of North Charlestown, South Charlestown and Hemlock Center.
Houtman
Houtman or De Houtman is a Dutch surname. Translating as "(the) woodman", the origin of the name may be toponymic ("from the woods") or occupational (lumberman, carpenter, etc.). Notable people with the surname include:

Cornelis de Houtman (1565–1599), Dutch explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia

Frederick de Houtman (1571–1627), Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia to Batavia

Jan Houtman (1917–1944), Dutch resistance member murdered during World War II

Marques Houtman (born 1979), Cape Verdean American basketball point guard

Peter Houtman (born 1957), Dutch football striker

Rinus Houtman (born 1942), Dutch Reformed Political Party politician

Anne M. Houtman, American academic administrator

Frederick de Houtman
Frederick de Houtman (c. 1571 – 21 October 1627) was a Dutch explorer, navigator, and colonial governor who sailed on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies from 1595 until 1597, during which time he made observations of the southern celestial hemisphere and contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.
Middle Arm, Northern Territory
Middle Arm is a coastal peninsula of Darwin Harbour in the Northern Territory of Australia located about 13 kilometres south of Darwin City. It is the traditional land and waterways of the Larrakia people. Middle Arm includes Wickham Point, Bladin Point, Channel Island and the nearby locality of Wickham.

Darwin central business district
Darwin City (also referred to as Darwin city centre or The CBD) is a suburb in metropolitan Darwin which comprises the original settlement, the central business district, parkland and other built-up areas. It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people. It is original site of occupation and includes many of the city's important institutions and landmarks, such as Parliament, Government House, the Northern Territory Supreme Court, Bicentennial Park and the George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens. The city centre is located in the local government areas of the City of Darwin and the Darwin Waterfront Precinct.

Although the city centre is one of the most developed areas of Darwin, demographically it is one of the less densely populated, due to its core being commercial.
Schweinemord
In 1915, due to World War I food restrictions and rationing, the German bureaucracy decided to regard pigs as co-eaters with humans and tried to preserve supplies. As a result, five million pigs were massacred in the so-called Schweinemord (English: “pig massacre”) to both make food and preserve grain. However it did little to increase the supply of grain, as officials did not take into account the use of pig manure as a fertilizer on small farms. Because of this, killing the pigs actually decreased crop yields in the region.

Manure
Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are utilised by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web.
Chhoprak
Chhoprak is a village development committee in the Gorkha District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 5893 (2608 males and 3285 females) and had 1531 houses.

Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.
Handwerker
Handwerker (German for "craftsman") is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carol Handwerker, American materials scientist

Murray Handwerker (1921–2011), American businessman ("Nathan's Famous"), son of Nathan

Nathan Handwerker (1892–1974), Austria-Hungarian-born American restaurateur ("Nathan's Famous")

Tim Handwerker (born 1998), German footballer

Carol Handwerker
Carol Anne Handwerker is an American materials scientist. She is the Reinhardt Schuhmann Jr. Professor of Materials Engineering and Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Purdue University. She is a fellow of both The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and the Materials Research Society.
Brian Johnson (pitcher)
Christopher Brian Johnson (born December 7, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox. Listed at 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and 235 pounds (107 kg), he both throws and bats left-handed. Johnson was the 2012 recipient of the John Olerud Award.

National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association
The National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association (NCBWA) is an association of baseball writers, broadcasters, and publicists in the United States.  It was founded in 1962.

The NCBWA compiles a preseason ranking of the top 30 teams in the nation, as voted on by its members.  In addition, weekly rankings of the top 25 teams are released throughout the season and after the College World Series. Bo Carter serves as executive director of the NCBWA while Mike Montoro is senior associate executive director along with associate executive director Ryan Bomberger, associate executive director Malcolm Gray and assistant executive director Russell Luna.

The NCBWA awards NCBWA preseason All-American awards, the Dick Howser Trophy (Player of the Year), Coach of the Year, regional Players of the Year awards, and All-American awards.
Dennis Byron
Sir Charles Michael Dennis Byron (born 4 July 1943) is a former president of the Caribbean Court of Justice. He also serves as President of the Commonwealth Judicial Education Institute, and is former President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and former Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. He was born in Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Caribbean Community
The Caribbean Community (abbreviated as CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) and five associated members throughout the Americas, the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean. It has the primary objective to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973, by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas.

The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM has been granted the official United Nations General Assembly observer status.
Sazgın, Oğuzeli
Sazgın is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 325 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Barak tribe and Abdals of the Kara Hacılar tribe.

Barak (tribe)
Barak, commonly referred to as Barak Turkmens (Turkish: Barak Türkmenleri), is a Turkoman tribe that mainly originates in the Barak Plain (Turkish: Barak Ovası) in the southeastern portion of the province of Gaziantep in south-central Turkey.
William Thomas Forster
William Thomas Forster (baptised 30 August 1857 – 4 June 1938) was an English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Nanaimo from 1890 to 1894 and Westminster-Delta from 1894 until his defeat in the 1900 provincial election in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. His name also appears as Thomas William Forster and Thomas Forster.

He was born in Hexham, Northumberland and was educated there. Forster was speaker for the assembly from 1899 to 1900. He died at Glen Valley British Columbia in 1932, aged 80.

Westminster-Delta
Westminster-Delta was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, from 1894 to 1900. It and its sister ridings (Westminster-Chilliwhack, Westminster-Dewdney, and Westminster-Richmond) were successors to the four-member Westminster riding, which appeared in 1890 only and was a subdivision of the older New Westminster (provincial electoral district) riding.  Westminster-Delta was succeeded by the Delta riding in the election of 1903.
Electoral district of Moree
29°27′57″S 149°50′02″E﻿ / ﻿29.46583°S 149.83389°E﻿ / -29.46583; 149.83389
Moree was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894 largely replacing Gwydir and including the town of Moree. The district was abolished in 1904 as a result of the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which reduced the number of members of the Legislative Assembly from 125 to 90, and was largely replaced by a recreated Gwydir.

1903 New South Wales referendum
A referendum concerning the reduction of the members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was put to voters on 16 December 1903, in conjunction with the 1903 federal election. The referendum was conducted on the basis of optional preferential voting. However, preferences were not counted, as an overwhelming majority voted to reduce the number of members to 90.
Arboreto di Arco
The Arboreto di Arco (1 hectare) is an arboretum and botanical garden located at Viale delle Palme, 1, Arco, Trentino, Italy. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum was created in 1872 by Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen, on the grounds of his villa, not far from Lake Garda. It was renovated in 1964 as miniature landscapes, reconstructing natural plant environments, and in 1993 became part of the Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali. Today the arboretum contains about 150 species of plants from around the world, each labeled with Latin binomial, family, common name, and area of origin.

Lake Garda
Lake Garda (Italian: Lago di Garda, Italian: [ˈlaːɡo di ˈɡarda], or (Lago) Benaco, Italian: [beˈnaːko]; Eastern Lombard: Lach de Garda; Venetian: Ƚago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, between Brescia and Milan to the west, and Verona and Venice to the east.  The lake cuts into the edge of the Italian Alps, particularly the Alpine sub-ranges of the Garda Mountains and the Brenta Group. Glaciers formed this alpine region at the end of the last ice age. The lake and its shoreline are divided between the provinces of Brescia (to the south-west), Verona (south-east) and Trentino (north).
UK-447841
UK-447841 is a neprilysin inhibitor (NEPI) which was under development for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. It is taken as-needed orally. The drug is intended to work by inhibiting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) hydrolysis by neprilysin (NEP). However, neprilysin is also involved in the metabolism of more than 50 other hormones and neuropeptides, for instance oxytocin among others. UK-447841 was under development by Pfizer. It reached phase 2 clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development in 2008.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is a peptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, the ligand of class II G protein–coupled receptors.
VIP is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas, neocortex, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain. VIP stimulates contractility in the heart, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gallbladder. In humans, the vasoactive intestinal peptide is encoded by the VIP gene.

VIP has a half-life (t½) in the blood of about two minutes.
Jack Smith (footballer, born 1911)
Arthur John Smith (27 October 1911 – 7 June 1975) was a Welsh footballer and football manager. He played as a full-back for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Bristol Rovers, Swindon Town and Chelsea.

During the Second World War, Smith was stationed in the Midlands and guested for West Bromwich Albion. His career was cut short when a bus ran over his foot during a blackout in Wolverhampton.

In 1948, he became West Bromwich Albion's first full-time manager and went on to manage Reading and Hyde United.

Blackout (wartime)
A blackout during war, or in preparation for an expected war, is the practice of collectively minimizing outdoor light, including upwardly directed (or reflected) light. This was done in the 20th century to prevent crews of enemy aircraft from being able to identify their targets by sight, such as during the London Blitz of 1940. In coastal regions, a shoreside blackout of city lights also helped protect ships from being seen silhouetted against the artificial light by enemy submarines further out at sea.
The Merchant of Venice (1923 film)
The Merchant of Venice  (German: Der Kaufmann von Venedig) is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Peter Paul Felner and starring Werner Krauss, Henny Porten and Harry Liedtke. The film is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice. It was released in the United States in 1926 as The Jew of Mestri. The film was made on location in Venice, with scenes and characters added which were not in the original play. This is the surviving copy, being two reels shorter than the German version. The characters in the German retained Shakespeare's nomenclature, but in the American they were given new names sourced from the Italian work Il Pecorone, a 14th-century short story collection attributed to Giovanni Fiorentino, from which Shakespeare is believed to have drawn his idea. The film purports to be a return to the original, as an excuse for its differences from the play.

Il Pecorone
Il Pecorone (lit. 'the ram (male sheep), slang for a gullible man'; known in English as The Golden Eagle, is an Italian collection of stories written between 1378 and 1385 by Giovanni Fiorentino.
It was written in a style influenced by the Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio, the Golden Legend collection of saint lives, the Seven Sages of Rome or the Gemma ecclesiastica of Giraldus Cambrensis. For its historical facts, however, it relies on the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani.

It is said to be an influence on Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor and Merchant of Venice.
Amends (album)
Amends is the third studio album by American rock band Grey Daze, consisting of Chester Bennington's vocals from the 1990s over newly recorded instrumentals. "What's in the Eye" was released as the first single from the project on January 17, 2020, and was co-produced by Chris Traynor, Kyle Hoffman, and Jay Baumgardner. The second single, "Sickness", featuring Page Hamilton and produced by Pete Nappi, came out on February 6. The release of the album was postponed from April 10 to June 26 due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Page Hamilton
Page Nye Hamilton (born May 18, 1960) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter and record producer who founded the American heavy metal band Helmet in 1989. In the 1990s, Helmet and Hamilton were forerunners of alternative metal with the albums Meantime (1992) and Betty (1994) and are considered one of the most influential metal bands of all time. Although he is mainly known for his work in heavy metal and post-hardcore music, Hamilton also earned an undergraduate degree from the University of Oregon and later earned a Master's degree in jazz guitar from the Manhattan School of Music. Hamilton also has connections to avant-garde music and film soundtrack composition.
Kočani General Hospital
PHI General Hospital Kochani (Macedonian: Општа болница Кочани, romanized: Opšta bolnica Kočani) is a hospital located in the central area of the town of Kočani, North Macedonia. It offers its continual health services to the population living in the municipalities of: Kočani, Češinovo-Obleševo, Zrnovci and to the population from the municipalities which gravitate towards the Municipality of Kočani like: Vinica, Makedonska Kamenica, Berovo, Pehčevo and Delčevo where about 115.000 - 120.000 people live.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Mario Visintini
Mario Visintini, MOVM, (26 April 1913 – 11 February 1941) was an Italian military pilot, the first Regia Aeronautica flying ace of World War II. In recognition of his flying skill and meticulousness, Visintini was nicknamed cacciatore scientifico (scientific hunter).

Visintini was the top-scoring pilot of all belligerent air forces in Eastern Africa (Africa Orientale) and the top biplane fighter ace of World War II; he achieved all his air victories flying the Fiat CR.42 biplane. He is credited with 16 confirmed air victories (20, according to other sources) and five probable, plus two victories achieved during the Spanish Civil War serving in the Aviazione Legionaria.

Aviazione Legionaria
The Legionary Air Force (Italian: Aviazione Legionaria, Spanish: Aviación Legionaria) was an expeditionary corps from the Italian Royal Air Force that was set up in 1936. It was sent to provide logistical and tactical support to the Nationalist faction after the Spanish coup of July 1936, which marked the onset of the Spanish Civil War.

The corps and its Nazi German allies, the Condor Legion, fought against the Spanish Republic and provided support for the Italian ground troops of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie. They served from August 1936 to the end of the conflict, in March 1939. Their main base of operations was on Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands.