hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
15th Virginia Regiment
The 15th Virginia Regiment was authorized on September 16, 1776, as a part of the Virginia Line for service with the Continental Army under the command of Col. David Mason of Sussex County. Initially, it included companies from thirteen mostly Tidewater counties: Brunswick, Princess Anne, Nansemond, King William, Westmoreland, Northumberland, Isle of Wight, Sussex, Southampton, Surry, Amelia, Norfolk and Chesterfield Counties. James Innes served as lieutenant Colonel, and Holt Richardson held the rank of Major. In 1778, manpower shortages caused its absorption into the 11th Virginia Regiment. All or part of the regiment saw action at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and the Siege of Charleston where all of the Regiment was captured in the last. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1781.

Norfolk County, Virginia
Norfolk County was a county of the South Hampton Roads in eastern Virginia in the United States that was created in 1691. After the American Civil War, for a period of about 100 years, portions of Norfolk County were lost and the territory of the county reduced as they were annexed by the independent and growing cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth and South Norfolk.

In 1963, voters approved by referendum in two jurisdictions to consolidate the remaining portions of Norfolk County with the much smaller city of South Norfolk; they chose the name city of Chesapeake for the new independent city. Although organized as a city, and one of the larger in Virginia, Chesapeake has both busy suburban and industrial areas, and mostly rural sections. The latter includes a large portion of the Great Dismal Swamp and large tracts of preserved forest land.
McCarren
McCarren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea McCarren, American television journalist

Bill McCarren (1895–1983), American baseball player

Larry McCarren (born 1951), American football center

Louise McCarren Herring (1909–1987), American credit union pioneer

Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), New York politician

Bill McCarren
William Joseph McCarren (November 4, 1895 – September 11, 1983) was an American professional baseball third baseman, who played for the Brooklyn Robins of Major League Baseball (MLB), in 1923. He was later a scout for the Boston Red Sox, from 1944 to 1969.
Anupubbikathā
In Theravada Buddhism, anupubbikathā or ānupubbikathā (Pali) – variously translated as "gradual discourse," "gradual instruction," "progressive instruction," and "step-by-step talk" – is a method by which the Buddha taught the Dhamma to suitably receptive lay people.  In this approach, the Four Noble Truths are the consummate teaching. The common formula is:

Generosity (dāna)

Virtue (sīla)

Heaven (sagga)

Danger of sensual pleasure (kāmānaṃ ādīnava)

Renunciation (nekkhamma)

The Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariya-saccāni)

Dīgha Nikāya
The Dīgha Nikāya ("Collection of Long Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the first of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pāli Tipiṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism.  Some of the most commonly referenced suttas from the Dīgha Nikāya include the Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), which describes the final days and passing of the Buddha, the Sigālovāda Sutta (DN 31) in which the Buddha discusses ethics and practices for lay followers, and the Samaññaphala Sutta (DN 2) and Brahmajāla Sutta (DN 1) which describe and compare the point of view of the Buddha and other ascetics in India about the universe and time (past, present, and future); and the Poṭṭhapāda (DN 9) Sutta, which describes the benefits and practice of Samatha meditation.
Animalia Paradoxa
Animalia Paradoxa (Latin for "contradictory animals"; cf. paradox) are the mythical, magical, or otherwise suspect animals mentioned in the first five editions of Carl Linnaeus's seminal work Systema Naturae under the header Paradoxa. It lists fantastic creatures found in medieval bestiaries and some animals reported by explorers from abroad and explains why they are excluded from Systema Naturae. According to Swedish historian Gunnar Broberg, it was to offer a natural explanation and demystify the world of superstition. Paradoxa was dropped from Linnaeus' classification system as of the 6th edition (1748).

Legendary creature
A legendary creature is a type of supernatural entity that is described in folklore (including myths and legends), and may be featured in historical accounts before modernity, but has not been scientifically shown to exist.

In the classical era, monstrous creatures such as the Cyclops and the Minotaur appear in heroic tales for the protagonist to destroy. Other creatures, such as the unicorn, were claimed in accounts of natural history by various scholars of antiquity. Some legendary creatures are hybrid beasts or Chimeras.

Some legendary creatures originated in traditional mythology and were believed to be real creatures—for example, dragons, griffins and unicorns. Others are based on real encounters or garbled accounts of travellers' tales, such as the Vegetable Lamb of Tartary, a sheeplike animal which supposedly grew tethered to the earth.
Arrondissement of Créteil
The arrondissement of Créteil is an arrondissement of France in the Val-de-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 16 communes. Its population is 323,676 (2021), and its area is 99.8 km2 (38.5 sq mi).

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
Nicholas of Lyra
Nicholas of Lyra (French: Nicolas de Lyre; c. 1270 – October 1349), or Nicolaus Lyranus, a Franciscan teacher, was among the most influential practitioners of biblical exegesis in the Middle Ages. Little is known about his youth, aside from the fact of his birth, around 1270, in Lyre, Normandy.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
X-teens
X-teens was an American new wave rock band formed in Durham, North Carolina in 1979 and often identified as part of the North Carolina punk/new wave scene of the 1980s. After disbanding in 1985, the members went on to form other bands, such as 4 Who Dared, Land of Giants and Money vs. People.

Boston Rock
Boston Rock was a tabloid format entertainment magazine published in Boston, Massachusetts. Its focus, as stated on the cover was: fashion, style, and entertainment. The main focus was on the local music scene and indie rock.
Zemgus Girgensons
Zemgus Girgensons (born 5 January 1994) is a Latvian professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 14th overall, in the 2012 NHL entry draft by the Buffalo Sabres. With this selection, Girgensons became the highest-drafted Latvian in NHL history, 16 spots higher than previous highest selection, Sandis Ozoliņš, in 1991. Girgensons was voted to the NHL All-Star Game in 2015.

1991 NHL entry draft
The 1991 NHL entry draft was the 29th NHL entry draft. It was held on June 22 at the Memorial Auditorium in Buffalo, New York. A total of 264 players were drafted. The worst team in the previous 1990–91 season, the Quebec Nordiques, was given the first overall pick while the expansion San Jose Sharks held the second overall pick.

The draft was famous for the controversy surrounding star first overall draft pick, touted by some observers to be The Next One, Eric Lindros, who was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques but immediately refused to sign a contract. What followed (in 1992) was one of the biggest trades in NHL history, which the Philadelphia Flyers used to acquire Lindros, in the process trading away future superstar Peter Forsberg.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Ray Whitney, who retired after the 2013–14 season.
ATN
ATN is the Sydney flagship television station of the Seven Network in Australia. The licence, issued to a company named Amalgamated Television Services, a subsidiary of John Fairfax & Sons, was one of the first four licences (two in Sydney, two in Melbourne) to be issued for commercial television stations in Australia. The station formed an affiliation with GTV-9 Melbourne in 1957, in order to share content. In 1963, Frank Packer ended up owning both GTV-9 and TCN-9, so as a result the stations switched their previous affiliations. ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to create the Australian Television Network, which later became the Seven Network. ATN-7 is the home of the national-level Seven News bulletins.

Mark Ferguson (news presenter)
Mark Ferguson (born 22 February 1966) is an Australian television news presenter, who currently presents Seven News in Sydney on weeknights.

He was previously a senior news presenter with Nine News Sydney.
Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor
Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor (PAMT), also called plexiform angiomyxoma, plexiform angiomyxoid tumor, or myxofibroma, is an extremely rare benign mesenchymal myxoid tumor along the gastrointestinal tract. Most of PAMTs occur in the gastric antral region, but they can be situated anywhere in the stomach. There is one recorded case of PAMT located in duodenum.

Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In mammals, it may be the principal site for iron absorption.
The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine.

In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine. It begins with the duodenal bulb, and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure marked by the  suspensory muscle of duodenum. The duodenum can be divided into four parts: the first (superior), the second (descending), the third (transverse) and the fourth (ascending) parts.
Ketose
In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH2OH)2C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity. All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test. Ketoses that are bound into glycosides, for example in the case of the fructose moiety of sucrose, are nonreducing sugars.

Tollens' reagent
Tollens' reagent (chemical formula Ag(NH3)2OH) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes. The reagent consists of a solution of silver nitrate, ammonium hydroxide and some sodium hydroxide (to maintain a basic pH of the reagent solution). It was named after its discoverer, the German chemist Bernhard Tollens. A positive test with Tollens' reagent is indicated by the precipitation of elemental silver, often producing a characteristic "silver mirror" on the inner surface of the reaction vessel.
EDM trap music
EDM trap music, or Trap EDM is a fusion genre of hip-hop, rave, and electronic dance music (EDM), that originated in the early 2010s on peaking popularity of big room house and hip hop trap genres. It blends elements of hip hop trap, which is an offshoot of Southern hip hop, with elements of EDM like build-ups, drops, dense production with rave music synthesizers, and breakdowns. As it was popularized, it increasingly began incorporating more pop elements. EDM trap songs and production are typically very dynamic, boisterous, experimental, and sparky in comparison to the hip-hop version of trap, due to its EDM and rave music elements, tendencies and structure.

Breakdown (music)
In music, a breakdown is a section of a song in which various instruments have solo parts (breaks).  This may take the form of all instruments playing the verse together, and then several or all instruments individually repeating the verse as solo parts.

A breakdown is a popular musical section, particularly in bluegrass, notable examples being Earl Scruggs' "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" and Bill Monroe's "Bluegrass Breakdown".
Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass
The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass is a  428,073 square feet (39,769.3 m2) outlet mall located near Interstate 64 in Simpsonville, Kentucky. The mall opened on July 31, 2014. Anchor stores include Old Navy, Nike, Polo Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, and American Eagle Outfitters.

At its opening, it was one of seven outlet malls in the United States to have Italian clothing retailer Gucci as a tenant.

Ralph Lauren Corporation
Ralph Lauren Corporation is a publicly traded American fashion and lifestyle brand founded in 1967 by Ralph Lauren in New York City. The company markets products in apparel, home, accessories, and fragrances, and is most known for its flagship brand, Polo Ralph Lauren. The company's brands include mid-range, sub-premium, and premium labels up to its highest priced luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label apparel.

Ralph Lauren licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear; L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics; Hanesbrands for underwear and sleepwear; O5 Apparel for its Chaps brand; Kohl's and Hollander Sleep Products for bedding; Designers Guild for fabric and wallpaper; and Theodore Alexander for home furniture.
Clay Wade Bailey Bridge
The Clay Wade Bailey Bridge is a cantilever bridge carrying U.S. Route 42 and U.S. Route 127 across the Ohio River, connecting Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky. It also carries U.S. Route 25, the northern terminus of which is the Ohio state line, at the historic low-water mark of the Ohio River. The bridge's main span is 675 feet (206 m). It is a 3-lane bridge; Two lanes are dedicated to travel each way and the middle lane is a reversible lane, meaning the direction of travel of the middle lane changes according to the time of day.

The bridge was named after a prominent political reporter for The Kentucky Post, Clay Wade Bailey; it is not a bailey bridge.

Bailey bridge
A Bailey bridge is a type of portable, pre-fabricated, truss bridge. It was developed in 1940–1941 by the British for military use during the Second World War and saw extensive use by British, Canadian and American military engineering units. A Bailey bridge has the advantages of requiring no special tools or heavy equipment to assemble. The wood and steel bridge elements were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand, without the use of a crane. These bridges were strong enough to carry tanks. Bailey bridges continue to be used extensively in civil engineering construction projects and to provide temporary crossings for pedestrian and vehicle traffic.
The Bachelorette (Australian TV series) season 7
The seventh season of The Bachelorette Australia premiered on Wednesday, 20 October 2021. In a world first, the season features Brooke Blurton, a 26-year-old social worker from Melbourne, Victoria, who is the first bisexual Bachelorette in The Bachelor franchise history, courting 10 men and 10 women. She is also Australia's first Indigenous lead. Brooke previously appeared on the sixth season of The Bachelor Australia, where she finished in third place; and the second season of Bachelor in Paradise Australia.

The Bachelor (Australian TV series)
The Bachelor Australia is a reality television adaptation of the American series of the same name. The series, hosted by Osher Günsberg, first premiered on Network 10 on 8 September 2013. Its success resulted in spin-offs The Bachelorette Australia and Bachelor in Paradise Australia.

It was announced in November 2015 that unlike seasons 1–3 which were produced by Shine Australia, seasons 4–present would be produced by Warner Bros. International Television Production.

In May 2023, it was announced that season 11 would commence filming in Melbourne in July 2023 and in November 2023, it was announced that it would premiere on 3 December 2023. In May 2024, Ten announced the series was cancelled.
Satpokharee
Satpokharee is a village in the Mathagadi Gaunpalika (माथागढी गाउँपालिका) Gothadi ward no. 6 Palpa District in the Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. Population of 200 people living in 40 individual households.

Mathagadi Rural Municipality
Mathagadi Rural Municipality (Nepali :माथागढी गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Palpa District in Lumbini Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Mathagadi is one of these 753 local units.
Steve Ayorinde
Steve Oluseyi Ayorinde // ⓘ (born 9 July 1970) is a Nigerian journalist and author who served as the commissioner for tourism, arts and culture in Lagos State from 2018 to 2019. Before that, he was the commissioner for information and strategy, sworn in by Governor Akinwunmi Ambode on 19 October 2015 and served until 2018. He was also previously the managing director/editor-in-chief of the National Mirror newspaper, and before that, the editor of The Punch newspaper in Nigeria.

He is a film and art critics who has served on the juries for some of the world's most recognised film festivals and awards, such as the Toronto International Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Berlin International Film Festival, AMAA and Mumbai International Film Festival.

Governor of Lagos State
The governor of Lagos State is the head of government of Lagos State in Nigeria.
The governor leads the executive branch of the Lagos State Government.
This position places its holder in leadership of the state with command authority over the state affairs. The Governor is frequently described to be the number one citizen of the state.
Article II of the Constitution of Nigeria vests the executive power of the state in the governor and charges him with the execution of state law, alongside the responsibility of appointing state executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers subject to the approval of the Assembly members.
Judy Sullivan
Judy Sullivan (December 30, 1942 - September 5, 2024) was an American biomedical engineer who worked for NASA during the Apollo 11, Apollo 10, Apollo 9, Apollo 8, and Gemini 12 missions. She was the lead biomedical engineer for the Apollo 9 and Apollo 11 missions. Sullivan was the only woman in her department, and one of only a relative few women working for NASA in a technical role at that time. She was the first woman engineer hired by NASA for spacecraft testing.

Gemini 12
Gemini 12 (officially Gemini XII) was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini. It was the 10th and final crewed Gemini flight (Gemini 1 and Gemini 2 were uncrewed missions), the 18th crewed American spaceflight, and the 26th spaceflight of all time, including X-15 flights over 100 kilometers (54 nmi). Commanded by Gemini VII veteran James A. Lovell, the flight featured three periods of extravehicular activity (EVA) by rookie Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, lasting a total of 5 hours and 30 minutes. It also achieved the fifth rendezvous and fourth docking with an Agena target vehicle.

Gemini XII marked a successful conclusion of the Gemini program, achieving the last of its goals by successfully demonstrating that astronauts can effectively work outside of spacecraft. This was instrumental in paving the way for the Apollo program to achieve its goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s.
West Witton
West Witton is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. Located in Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales it lies on the A684 (the main road between Leyburn and Hawes).

The civil parish also includes the hamlet of Swinithwaite.  The population of the parish at the 2011 Census was 347. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population to be 340. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The educator Eric James, Baron James of Rusholme, lived in West Witton, and after his death had his ashes scattered there.

Richmondshire
Richmondshire was a local government district of North Yorkshire, England, from 1974 to 2023. It covered a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales including Swaledale and Arkengarthdale, Wensleydale and Coverdale, with the prominent Scot's Dyke and Scotch Corner along the centre. Teesdale lay to the north. With a total area of 1,319 km2, it was larger than seven of the English ceremonial counties (namely, in decreasing order of size, the West Midlands, Merseyside, Tyne & Wear, Rutland, the Isle of Wight, Bristol, and the City of London).
The Witness (character)
The Witness is the name of at least three fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Of these, the first was published by Timely Comics in the 1940s and the final two by its successor company, Marvel Comics.

Timely Comics
Timely Comics was the common name for the group of corporations that was the earliest comic book arm of American publisher Martin Goodman, and the entity that would evolve by the 1960s to become Marvel Comics.

Founded in 1939, during the era called the Golden Age of Comic Books, "Timely" was the umbrella name for the comics division of pulp magazine publisher Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities all producing the same product. The company's first publication in 1939 used Timely Publications, based at his existing company in the McGraw-Hill Building at 330 West 42nd Street in New York City. In 1942, it moved to the 14th floor of the Empire State Building, where it remained until 1951. In 2016, Marvel announced that Timely Comics would be the name of a new imprint of low-priced reprint comics.