hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Drawyers Church
Old Drawyers Church is a historic Presbyterian church on U.S. 13 near Odessa, New Castle County, Delaware.  The congregation was founded by Dutch and Swedish immigrants, though by the time the church was built the congregation was largely made up of Scottish immigrants.

It was built between 1769 and 1773, and is a two-story, five bay brick building in the Georgian style. It features an elaborate Georgian doorway and gable roof.  The interior features an ornate soundingboard, suspended over the open pulpit.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Odessa, Delaware
Odessa is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. As of the 2020 census, Odessa had a population of 366. Founded as Cantwell's Bridge in the 18th century, the name was changed in the 19th century, after the Ukrainian port city of the same name.  Today a significant part of the town is a historic district list on the National Register of Historic Places.
1930 Western Maori by-election
The 1930 Western Maori by-election was a by-election during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 8 October 1930. It was held on the same day as another by-election in Waipawa.

The seat of Western Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Sir Maui Pomare on 27 June. The by-election was won by Taite Te Tomo.

Western Maori
Western Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Eastern Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Western Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Hauāuru and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.
Nat Edwards
Nathaniel Edwards (March 4, 1892 – ?) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1910s.

A native of Atlanta, Georgia, Edwards made his Negro leagues debut in 1913 with the Philadelphia Giants. He went on to play for the Lincoln Stars in 1916, and for the Bacharach Giants and the Pennsylvania Red Caps of New York in 1918.

New York Lincoln Stars
The New York Lincoln Stars (also known as the Lincoln Stars of New York or the Lincoln Stars) were a Negro league baseball team that played in New York City from 1914 to 1917. Their home stadium was the Lenox Oval, located at Lenox Avenue and 145th Street in Manhattan. Although they lasted less than four years, they were a good team that featured three players who would later be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame—Oscar Charleston, John Henry Lloyd, and Louis Santop.
Benjamin Ulmann
Benjamin Ulmann (24 May 1829 – 24 February 1884) was a French painter of Jewish descent. Born at Blotzheim (Haut Rhin) in 1829, he became a pupil of Michel Martin Drolling and of François-Édouard Picot, and entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1849. He gained the prix de Rome in 1859, and profited much by his studies in Italy. He exhibited a number of works at the Salon from 1855 onwards, chiefly portraits and historical subjects, and was commissioned to paint some pictures for the Palais Royal and for the Palais de Justice. His Sylla and Manus is in the Luxembourg Palace, and other works by him are in the Museums of Le Mans, Marseille, Melun, and Colmar. He died in 1884.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Tatsuya Takahashi (saxophonist)
Tatsuya Takahashi (高橋 達也, Takahashi Tatsuya, December 24, 1931 in Tsuruoka, Yamagata – February 29, 2008 in Tokyo) was a Japanese jazz saxophonist.

Takahashi played on US military bases in the early 1950s, and later in the decade moved to Tokyo. He worked with Keiichiro Ebihara from 1961, and by 1966 was leading his own ensemble, Tokyo Union, which remained active until 1989. In the 1970s he played at the Monterey and Montreux Jazz Festivals. After leaving Tokyo Union, Takahashi worked in jazz education, and in 1996 founded a new ensemble, Jazz Groovys.

Monterey Jazz Festival
The Monterey Jazz Festival is an annual music festival that takes place in Monterey, California, United States. It debuted on October 3, 1958, championed by Dave Brubeck and co-founded by jazz and popular music critic Ralph J. Gleason and  jazz disc jockey Jimmy Lyons.
Ann Gillespie (politician)
Ann Gillespie is a former Democratic member of the Illinois Senate for the 27th district. The district, located in the Chicago metropolitan area, includes parts of Arlington Heights, Hoffman Estates, Des Plaines, Mount Prospect, Rolling Meadows, Barrington, Inverness, Palatine, Prospect Heights and South Barrington.

South Barrington, Illinois
South Barrington is a residential suburb in Cook County, Illinois, United States, south of Barrington. Per the 2020 census, the population was 5,077. It is the location of the famous megachurch Willow Creek Community Church, a lifestyle center (shopping center) named The Arboretum of South Barrington, and Goebbert’s Farm & Garden Center, a long-running family-owned agritourism site known for its annual fall pumpkin festival.
Fox Chapel Area High School
Fox Chapel Area High School (Established in 1961) is a public school located in the Pittsburgh suburb of O'Hara Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was recognized and honored as a National Blue Ribbon School twice.

The Fox Chapel Area High School serves the municipalities of Fox Chapel, Aspinwall, Blawnox, Indiana, O'Hara and Sharpsburg.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Mariusz Ziółko
Mariusz Ziółko (born September 18, 1946, in Hamburg) is a Polish Professor of automatics and signal processing. He graduated in 1970 from AGH University of Science and Technology, where he also received PhD in 1973 and habilitation in 1990. In 2001 he received a title of a professor of technical studies from a president of Poland. He was a DAAD stipendist at University of Wuppertal. He was a visiting professor at Fachhochule St. Pölten at Austria in 2005. He is a professor in AGH
Department of Electronics, where he leads a Digital Signal Processing Group. He was a member of several scientific organisations including IEEE, SIAM, EURASIP, ISCA and a chair of several conferences.  He is a coauthor of pioneer publications from mathematical optimization models in biology. His works had also an important impact on Polish speech recognition technologies.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Nicolausian discounting
Nicolausian discounting is a heuristic technique meant to simplify decision-making involving very small probabilities by ignoring them.  The term was coined by philosopher Bradley Monton in a 2019 paper. He defined it this way:  "For decision-making, small probabilities should be discounted down to zero before maximizing expected utility."

Monton named the concept after Nicolaus I Bernoulli, who suggested it as a solution to his St. Petersburg paradox.  Monton translates Bernoulli as writing in 1714 that "cases that have a very small probability must be neglected and assumed to be zero."

The term has gained some currency and been mentioned in other writings in philosophy.

Nicolaus I Bernoulli
Nicolaus Bernoulli (also spelled Nicolas or Nikolas; 20 October [O.S. 10 October] 1687 in Basel – 29 November 1759 in Basel) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family.
Number One Stunna
"#1 Stunna" is the second official single by the Big Tymers, from their third studio album, I Got That Work. The single was featured in the 2000 stand-up comedy film, The Original Kings of Comedy, and its stars Steve Harvey, D.L. Hughley, and Cedric the Entertainer  appeared in the music video. In that same year, it placed at number 24, along with the other lead single, "Get Your Roll On", on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. "#1 Stunna" also contains verses from Juvenile and Lil Wayne.

2000 in film
The year 2000 in film involved some significant events. The top grosser worldwide was Mission: Impossible 2. Domestically in North America, Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Russell Crowe). Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success.
1990–91 Austrian Cup
The 1990–91 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 57th season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. The final was held at the Praterstadion, Vienna on 30 May 1991.

The competition was won by SV Stockerau after beating Rapid Wien 2–1.

Austrian Cup
The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. Austria Wien are the record cup winners, having won for the 27th time in 2008–09. Wolfsberger AC are the current holders, winning their first ever cup trophy in the 2024-25 edition.
Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Serbia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Mila", written by Dušan Bačić and performed by Princ. The Serbian participating broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia (RTS), organised the national final Pesma za Evroviziju '25 in order to select its entry for the contest.

Serbia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest, which took place on 15 May 2025. Performing during the show in position 15, "Mila" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final, marking the first time since 2017 that Serbia failed to qualify for the final. It was later revealed that Serbia placed fourteenth out of the 16 participating countries in the semi-final with 28 points, marking Serbia's worst result in the contest to date.

Ivana Peters
Ivana Pavlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивана Павловић; born 22 August 1974), better known as Ivana Peters (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивана Петерс) or Ivana Negativ (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивана Негатив), is a Serbian singer-songwriter. Initially recognised as a member of the nineties dance-pop group Tap 011, she also became a lead singer of the pop-rock band Negative in 1999.

Pavlović appeared in the third season of the Serbian spin-off of Your Face Sounds Familiar in 2016, finishing in the fifth place.

She has also served as a back vocalist to many Serbian artists such as Jelena Karleuša, and wrote "Goodbye (Shelter)" performed by Sanja Vučić for the 2016 Eurovision Song Contest.

Pavlović was married to the Sunshine guitarist, Aleksandar Peters, with whom she has a daughter named Sara.
VfB 1900 Offenbach
VfB Offenbach is a German association football club from the city of Offenbach am Main, Hesse. Currently playing in the Kreisliga A (IX), the team was a second division side during World War II and appeared for a single season (1943–44) in the Gauliga Hessen-Nassau (I).

Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen
The Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen was the highest football league in the German state of Hesse, the Bavarian province of Palatinate, the Saarland and some parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1941. From 1941, it also included parts of the occupied French region of Lorraine. Additionally, the league was from then on divided in the Gauligas Hessen-Nassau and Westmark.

Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Hesse Nassau and Saar-Palatinate (later: Westmark) replaced the old states and provinces.
Željko Šakić
Željko Šakić (born April 14, 1988) is a Croatian professional basketball player currently playing for Gaziantep Basketbol of the TBL. Standing at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), he plays the power forward position.

Türkiye Basketbol Ligi
The Turkish Basketball First League (Turkish: Türkiye Basketbol Ligi; TBL), is the second-tier level league of professional club basketball in Turkey. The league was previously known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L).
Life Goes On (Carla Bley album)
Life Goes On is a studio album by American composer and pianist Carla Bley recorded in May 2019 and released on ECM on February 14, 2020. The trio features saxophonist Andy Sheppard and bass guitarist Steve Swallow.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
The Jewel Ornament of Liberation
The Jewel Ornament of Liberation or Ornament of Precious Liberation (Tibetan: དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན, Wylie: dam chos yid bzhin nor bu thar pa rin po che'i rgyan) is a key text in the Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism  that is said to capture the essence of both the Kadampa and Kagyüpa lineages of Mahayana teachings. The text was written by Gampopa (1074-1153 C.E.), one of the two most important disciples of Milarepa.

Gampopa, both a Kadampa monk and Vajrayana student of the famed yogi Milarepa, based this text on Atisha's "Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment". It's a critically important text to study as a foundation for the traditional three year retreat.

Gampopa said, "For anyone who wishes to see me, studying The Jewel Ornament of Liberation and The Precious Garland of the Excellent Path is the same as meeting me." This text contains the complete form of Mahayana Buddhism—from the starting point of Buddha-nature, all the way to enlightenment.

Atiśa
Atiśa (c. 982–1054 CE) was a Buddhist religious teacher and leader from Bengal. He is generally associated with his body of work authored at Vikramaśīla Monastery in Bihar. He was a major figure in the spread of 11th-century Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism in Asia and traveled to Sumatra and Tibet. Atiśa, along with his chief disciple Dromtön, is regarded as the founder of the Kadam school, one of the New Translation schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In the 14th century, the Kadam school was supplanted by the Gelug tradition, which adopted its teachings and absorbed its monasteries.
Hemiculter krempfi
Hemiculter krempfi is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Hemiculter. It is known only from the Cai River in Khanh Hoa Province and the Da Rang River in  Phu Yen Province of central Vietnam. Here it is found mainly over sand substrates and is infrequently encountered in fish markets.

Ba River (Vietnam)
Ba River (Vietnamese: Sông Ba, also known as Ea Pa, Ia Pa,  Krông Pa or Đà Rằng River) is a river in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. It has its source in Kon Tum Province and flows into the South China Sea in Tuy Hòa, Phú Yên Province. 
It has the largest river valley area in central Vietnam and one of the largest river systems in central Vietnam with a total basin area of 13,900 km² or 4.19% of Vietnam's total area.
It has a total length of 374 km.
Chicago College of Performing Arts
The Chicago College of Performing Arts is the performing arts college of Roosevelt University in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It comprises three conservatories: the Music Conservatory, the Interdisciplinary Conservatory, and the Theatre Conservatory.

Nearly 600 students come from more than 40 states and 25 countries to study at the college. Its faculty consists primarily of world class professional actors, directors, performers, and musicians, including nearly 30 members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago (half of whom are principals) and theatre performers with credits from Broadway to Chicago and the West Coast.

Newsies (musical)
Newsies: The Musical is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Jack Feldman, and a book by Harvey Fierstein. The show is based on the 1992 musical film of the same name, which in turn was inspired by the real-life Newsboys Strike of 1899 in New York City, with Fierstein's script adapted from the film's screenplay by Bob Tzudiker and Noni White.

The musical premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 2011 and made its Broadway debut in 2012, where it played for more than 1,000 performances before touring.
Trops
Trops (transl. Troupes) is a Philippine television drama romance comedy series, broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Linnet Zurbano, it stars Kenneth Medrano, Miggy Tolentino, Joel Palencia, Jon Timmons, Tommy Peñaflor, Kim Last and Taki Saito. It premiered on October 24, 2016 on the network's morning line up. The series concluded on September 22, 2017 with a total of 238 episodes.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Wicklow Parish, New Brunswick
Wicklow is a geographic parish in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada, forming the northwestern corner of Carleton County.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it was comprised a single local service district and parts of one town and one village, all of which were members of the Western Valley Regional Service Commission (WVRSC).

The Census subdivision of Wicklow Parish includes all of the parish outside the two municipalities.

Carleton County, New Brunswick
Carleton County (2021 population 26,360) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada.

The western border is Aroostook County, Maine, the northern border is Victoria County, and the southeastern border is York County from which it was formed in 1831. The Saint John River bisects the western section of the county. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the eastern section of the county. Potato farming is a major industry. The scenic town of Hartland is home to the longest covered bridge in the world.
Online Policy Group v. Diebold, Inc.
Online Policy Group v. Diebold, Inc., 337 F. Supp. 2d 1195 (N.D. Cal. 2004), was a lawsuit involving an archive of Diebold's (now Premier Election Solutions) internal company e-mails and Diebold's contested copyright claims over them. The Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Stanford Cyberlaw Clinic provided pro bono legal support for the non-profit ISP and the Swarthmore College students, respectively.

United States District Judge Jeremy Fogel ruled that the plaintiffs' publishing of the e-mails was clearly a fair use essentially "because there was no commercial harm and no diminishment of value of the works" in their republication. Additionally Diebold was found to have misrepresented its copyright controls over the work, putting them in violation of section 512(f) of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and leaving them liable for court costs and damages. This was the first time 512(f) had been enforced in court, and set a precedent.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Starry Nights in Western Sahara
Starry Nights in Western Sahara is an album compiled by filmmaker Danielle Smith, in the process of making one of her documentaries on Western Sahara. Starry Nights, published by North-American label Rounder Records, is the second compilation of Saharawi music released in the United States, after Sahrauis: The Music of the Western Sahara. The majority of the songs are sung by Umm Mekiya, a woman notorious for her voice. Songs range from traditional love songs to contemporary songs of political protest, accompanied with rhythmic clapping, lutes and tidinit.

Xalam
Xalam (in Serer, khalam in Wolof, and Molo in Dagbani and Zarma) is a traditional lute from West Africa with 1 to 5 strings. The xalam is commonly played in Mali, Gambia, Senegal, Niger, Northern Nigeria, Northern Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Western Sahara. The xalam and its variants are known by various names in other languages, including bappe, diassare, hoddu (Pulaar), koliko (Gurunsi), kologo (Frafra), komsa, kontigi, gurmi, garaya (Hausa), koni, konting (Mandinka), molo (Songhay/Zarma), ndere, ngoni (Bambara), and tidinit (Hassaniyya and Berber).

In Wolof, a person who plays the xalam is called a xalamkat (a word composed of the verbal form of xalam, meaning "to play the xalam", and the agentive suffix -kat, thus meaning "one who xalams").
In Mande, this is ngonifola or konting fola.
In Hausa, this is mai gurmi or mai kontigi.