hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Archer & Pancoast Manufacturing Company
Archer & Pancoast Manufacturing Company was a U.S. manufacturer of gas and electric light fixtures, which ran on gas, electricity, or both. It was located at No. 67 Greene Street, and Nos. 68 to 74 Wooster Street, in New York City.

Their fixtures were found in the residences of the Vanderbilts and Marquands of New York, as well as Potter Palmer's of Chicago, Madison Square Garden, Manhattan Athletic Club, Equitable Life Building (Manhattan), United States Trust, Palace Hotel, San Francisco, Indiana State Capitol, and the Connecticut State Capitol.

Connecticut State Capitol
The Connecticut State Capitol is located north of Capitol Avenue and south of Bushnell Park in Hartford, the capital of Connecticut. The building houses the Connecticut General Assembly; the upper house, the State Senate, and lower house, the House of Representatives, as well as the office of the Governor of the State of Connecticut. The Connecticut Supreme Court occupies a building (built 1908–1910) across Capitol Avenue.
Integration by reduction formulae
In integral calculus, integration by reduction formulae is a method relying on recurrence relations. It is used when an expression containing an integer parameter, usually in the form of powers of elementary functions, or products of transcendental functions and polynomials of arbitrary degree, cannot be integrated directly. Using other methods of integration a reduction formula can be set up to obtain the integral of the same or similar expression with a lower integer parameter, progressively simplifying the integral until it can be evaluated.  This method of integration is one of the earliest used.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
Cockedhat Mountain
Cockedhat Mountain is a 7,410-foot (2,259 m) mountain in the U.S. state of Alaska, and is one of the tallest mountains in the central Brooks Range. Located in the midst of the protected wilderness of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Cockedhat Mountain is approximately 27 air miles from the village of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska.

Cockedhat Mountain was so named on account of its unusual outline.

Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska
Anaktuvuk Pass (Inupiaq: Anaqtuuvak, IPA: [ɐnɑqtuːvɐk], Anaqtuġvik or Naqsraq, IPA: [naχʂɑq]) is a city in North Slope Borough, Alaska, United States. It is located in the middle of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. The population was 425 at the 2020 census, up from 324 as of the 2010 census.
Fernando Reimers
Fernando M. Reimers is an American academic and Professor of International Education. He serves as director of the Global Education Innovation Initiative at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and his work focuses on understanding how education systems can better prepare students for civic and economic participation and contribute to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Reimers previously served on UNESCO's Commission on the Futures of Education.

Futures of Education
Futures of Education is a global initiative, launched in 2019, and led by UNESCO (United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), which aims to rethink and shape the future of education. The project's stated goal is to mobilize collective intelligence, generate debate and reimagine how education can contribute to the common good of humanity.
WJOX-FM
WJOX-FM (94.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, airing a sports radio format. Cumulus Media owns three sports stations in the Birmingham radio market, WJQX 100.5 FM, WJOX 690 AM and WJOX-FM.  They have studios on Goodwin Crest Drive near Interstate 65 in Homewood.

WJOX-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations.  The transmitter is atop the west ridge of Red Mountain, amid the towers for other Birmingham-area FM and TV station.

Red Mountain (Birmingham)
Red Mountain is a long ridge running southwest-northeast and dividing Jones Valley from Shades Valley south of Birmingham, Alabama. It is part of the Ridge-and-Valley region of the Appalachian Mountains. The Red Mountain Formation of hard Silurian rock strata lies exposed in several long crests, and was named "Red Mountain" because of the rust-stained rock faces and prominent seams of red hematite iron ore. The mountain was the site of several mines that supplied iron ore to Birmingham's iron furnaces. Most of Birmingham's television and radio stations have transmission towers located on Red Mountain.

Red Mountain is also home to Red Mountain Park, one of the largest urban parks in the United States at 1,500 acres (6.1 km2).
Nephroma flavorhizinatum
Nephroma flavorhizinatum is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it is only known to occur in the Tibetan Plateau.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
1818 in poetry
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness;

— John Keats, Endymion

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Leigh Hunt
James Henry Leigh Hunt (19 October 1784 – 28 August 1859), best known as Leigh Hunt, was an English critic, essayist and poet.

Hunt co-founded The Examiner, a leading intellectual journal expounding radical principles, with his brother John Hunt. He was the centre of the Hampstead-based group that included William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb, known as the "Hunt circle". Hunt also introduced John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson to the public.

He may be best remembered for being sentenced to prison for two years on charges of libel against the Prince Regent (1813–1815).

Hunt's presence at Shelley's funeral on the beach near Viareggio was immortalised in the painting by Louis Édouard Fournier. Hunt inspired aspects of the Harold Skimpole character in Charles Dickens' novel Bleak House.
Joncet station
Joncet station (French: Gare de Joncet) is a French railway station located in the village of Joncet le Sola on the territory of the commune of Serdinya in the department of Pyrénées-Orientales. It is located at kilometric point (KP) 6.229 km on the Ligne de Cerdagne and is served by TER Occitanie operated by the SNCF, line 32 (Latour-de-Carol-Enveitg–Villefranche-Vernet-les-Bains, Train Jaune).

In 2018, the SNCF estimated that 29 passengers passed through the station.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.
2011 International German Open – Singles
The 2011 International German Open was the 105th edition of the International German Open, a men's tennis tournament held that year in Hamburg, Germany. Part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, the games would last from 18 July through 24 July 2011.
Andrey Golubev was the defending champion, but lost to Philipp Kohlschreiber in the first round.

Gilles Simon won in the final 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, against Nicolás Almagro.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
American Astronautical Society
Formed in 1954, the American Astronautical Society (AAS) is an independent scientific and technical group in the United States dedicated to the advancement of space science and space exploration. AAS supports NASA's Vision for Space Exploration and is a member of the Coalition for Space Exploration and the Space Exploration Alliance. The AAS also focuses on strengthening the global space program through cooperation with international space organizations. The society has a long history of supporting space exploration through scholarships.

Vision for Space Exploration
The Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) was a plan for space exploration announced on January 14, 2004 by President George W. Bush. It was conceived as a response to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, the state of human spaceflight at NASA, and as a way to regain public enthusiasm for space exploration.

The policy outlined by the "Vision for Space Exploration" was replaced first by President Barack Obama's space policy in April 2010, then by President Donald Trump's "National Space Strategy" space policy in March 2018, and finally by President Joe Biden's preliminary space policy proposals in spring 2021.
Downtown Selma Historic District
Downtown Selma Historic District is a national historic district located at Selma, Johnston County, North Carolina.  It encompasses 59 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the central business district of Selma.  It includes notable examples of Classical Revival, Colonial Revival, Art Moderne, Art Deco, and Gothic Revival style architecture and buildings dating from about 1875 to 1960. Notable buildings include the Bank of Selma/American Telephone and Telegraph Exchange Building (1912; 1985), Economy Furniture (c. 1920), John A. Mitchener Building (1925), The Rudy Theater (c. 1940; c. 1970), The Hardware Store (c. 1910), Bank of Selma (c. 1910), Selma Baptist Church (1908; 1948), and Selma Manufacturing Company/Selma Furniture Store and Opera House (1902).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Johnston County, North Carolina
Johnston County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 215,999. Its county seat is Smithfield. Johnston County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Podosphaera fusca
Podosphaera fusca is a fungus that parasitically infects plants (a phytopathogen). It is the cause of powdery mildew in the genus Doronicum.

P. fusca was formerly considered synonymous with Podosphaera xanthii, but due to, mainly, the smaller ascomata and smaller oculi than P. xanthii, it was deemed a separate species. While P. xanthii remains a large species complex (with P. xanthii s.s. on Xanthium), P. fusca is now very narrowly defined.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Steffen Stranz
Steffen Stranz (born 16 May 1960 in Kassel, Hessen) is a retired male judoka from Germany, who twice competed for West Germany at the Summer Olympics: 1984 and 1988.

At the 1988 Olympic Games, Stranz was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the Men's Lightweight (–71 kg) division by East Germany's eventual silver medalist Sven Loll. Stranz twice won a bronze medal at the World Championships during his career.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
The Voice Kids (Brazilian TV series) season 6
The sixth season of The Voice Kids, premiered on TV Globo on June 6, 2021 in the 2:30 / 1:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) daytime slot.

Carlinhos Brown returned for his sixth season as coach and was joined by Gaby Amarantos and Michel Teló, who replaced Claudia Leitte and Simone & Simaria.

André Marques left the show in order to host the new season of No Limite and was replaced by Márcio Garcia, while Thalita Rebouças returned for her fifth season as the backstage host.

Simone & Simaria
Simone & Simaria (sometimes written as Simone e Simaria) was  a Brazilian musical duo consisting of sisters Simone Mendes Rocha Diniz (born 24 May 1984 in Uibaí) and Simaria Mendes Rocha Escrig (born 16 June 1982 in Uibaí). In 2017, the duo's album competed in the category Latin Grammy Award for Best Sertaneja Music Album.

The duo released "Paga de Solteiro Feliz" (transl. "He Pretends He's Happy Single") on January 5, 2018, a song featuring the Brazilian DJ Alok. It was produced by Alok exploring the mix of sertanejo, principal genre of Simone & Simaria, with electronic music, genre of Alok. It peaked in Billboard Brasil Hot 100 at number 12.
Stunt 101
"Stunt 101" is the debut single from G-Unit's debut album, Beg for Mercy. The song was produced by Mr. Porter. It reached number 13 in the U.S. and number 25 in the UK. Stunt 101 is the group's most successful song to date, charting the highest on the most charts. The single was released by Interscope Records and 50 Cent's G-Unit Records.

In 2022, "Stunt 101" was sampled on "Pump 101" by British rappers Digga D and Still Brickin', which reached number 9 on the UK Singles Chart.

Beg for Mercy
Beg for Mercy is the debut studio album by American rap group G-Unit, released through G-Unit Records and Interscope Records. The album was released on November 14, 2003, nine months after 50 Cent's successful debut album Get Rich or Die Tryin'.

For this release, G-Unit was composed of rappers 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks and Young Buck, with support from Tony Yayo, who was an original member of the group but due to his imprisonment in 2002 only appears on two songs. The Game was inducted into the group after recording sessions were finished.
Magpie Murders (TV series)
Magpie Murders is a 2022 drama series that adapts the Anthony Horowitz novel of the same name. The series stars Lesley Manville and Tim McMullan as Susan Ryeland and Atticus Pünd, respectively.

The second book in the Susan Ryeland series, Moonflower Murders, was also adapted into a series and was broadcast in 2024. The numerous through-line plot elements between the two series made it into a de facto season two. An adaptation of the third and final entry in the series, Marble Hall Murders, has been confirmed as in production.

Karen Westwood
Karen Westwood is a Scottish actress most famous for her role as Meg Paterson in BBC TV series Monarch of the Glen. She also played Rebecca Bannerman in Families, Isabella Woodhouse in Emma and Carolyn Fraser in Two Thousand Acres of Sky. In Doctor Who she played Tabetha Pond, Amy Pond's mother, appearing on screen in The Big Bang after being mentioned from time to time throughout the series but supposed dead. She made an appearance in the first episode of You Rang, M'Lord? as a maid who was dismissed from service by Lord Meldrum after having been made pregnant by his brother Teddy. One of her earlier roles is that of Janie Ross in an episode of Taggart, Flesh and Blood (1989).
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on amorphous materials, such as glass. It was established in 1968 and is published by Elsevier. The current editors-in-chief are Lina Hu (Shandong University of Science and Technology), Liping Huang (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Morten Smedskjaer (Aalborg University), and Edgar D. Zanotto (Universidade Federal de São Carlos).

Aalborg University
Aalborg University (AAU) is an international public university with campuses in Aalborg, Esbjerg, and Copenhagen, Denmark. Founded in 1974, the university awards bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and PhD degrees in a wide variety of subjects within humanities, social sciences, information technology, design, engineering, exact sciences, and medicine.
Těšetice (Znojmo District)
Těšetice is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

Těšetice lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Znojmo, 49 km (30 mi) south-west of Brno, and 184 km (114 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
The Count of Monte Cristo (1943 film)
The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le comte de Monte Cristo) is a 1943 French-Italian historical drama film directed by Robert Vernay with Ferruccio Cerio as the supervising director. Based on the classic 1844 novel Le Comte de Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas père, this two-part film stars Pierre Richard-Willm in the title role. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome and the Cité Elgé in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director René Renoux.

Cinecittà
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for 'Cinema City') is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres (99 acres), it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a plan to revive the Italian film industry and to compete with Hollywood.

Filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Mel Gibson and Luca Guadagnino have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it. In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."
Eells–Kuiper manifold
In mathematics, an Eells–Kuiper manifold is a compactification of  by a sphere of dimension , where , or . It is named after James Eells and Nicolaas Kuiper.

If , the Eells–Kuiper manifold is diffeomorphic to the real projective plane . For  it is simply-connected and has the integral cohomology structure of the complex projective plane  (), of the quaternionic projective plane  () or of the Cayley projective plane ().

Cayley plane
In mathematics, the Cayley plane (or octonionic projective plane) P2(O) is a projective plane over the octonions.

The Cayley plane was discovered in 1933 by Ruth Moufang, and is named after Arthur Cayley for his 1845 paper describing the octonions.
Ryan Rowe
Ryan Rowe (born April 3, 1986) is an American former professional tennis player.

A left-handed player from Moline, Illinois, Rowe started playing tennis at the age of nine and spent part of his childhood in Florida under the tutelage of his uncle Chris Hunt. He ranked number one in the country in the 16s and under division.

Rowe played collegiate tennis for the University of Illinois and won the 2006 NCAA Division I doubles championship, partnering Kevin Anderson. In 2007, seeking to become the first pair to win back to back championships, Rowe and Anderson held a match point in the tournament decider, which they lost to Marco Born and Andreas Siljeström.

Following college, Rowe competed on the professional tour, winning one singles and five ITF Futures doubles titles.

Andreas Siljeström
Andreas Siljeström (born 21 July 1981) is a Swedish former professional tennis player who specialized in doubles and a pickleball player. He has a career doubles high-ranking of world No. 57 achieved on 14 May 2012 and a singles ranking of No. 964 achieved on 8 March 2010.

He is among the tallest male players on the tour; only Reilly Opelka at 2.11 metres (6 ft 11 in), Ivo Karlović at 2.11 metres (6 ft 11 in), and John Isner at 2.08 metres (6 ft 10 in) are  taller than him.
Lunacy Act 1845
The Lunacy Act 1845 or the Lunatics Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 100) and the County Asylums Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 126) formed mental health law in England and Wales from 1845 to 1890. The Lunacy Act's most important provision was a change in the status of mentally ill people to patients.

The Lunacy Act 1845 was passed through Parliament simultaneously with the County Asylums Act 1845. The two acts were dependent on each other. The Lunacy Act established the Lunacy Commission and the County Asylums Act set forth most of the provisions as to what was to be monitored within the asylums and helped establish the public network of the county asylums.

Patient
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.