hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allmersbach
Allmersbach im Tal (German pronunciation: [ˈalmɐsbax ʔɪm ˈtaːl], lit. 'Allmersbach in the Valley') is a municipality in the Rems-Murr district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It belongs to the Stuttgart Region (middle Neckar Region until 1992) and to the boundary area of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region.

Stuttgart Region
Stuttgart Region (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) is an urban agglomeration at the heart of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region. It consists of the city of Stuttgart and the surrounding districts of Ludwigsburg, Esslingen, Böblingen, Rems-Murr and Göppingen (each 10–20 km from Stuttgart city center). About 2.7 million inhabitants live in  that area (3,700 km2). In fact, with 708 people per square kilometre, the Stuttgart Region (German: Region Stuttgart) is one of the most densely populated areas in Germany. Stuttgart Region is governed by a directly elected parliament.

Situated at the heart of Baden-Württemberg, the Stuttgart Region is the hub of economic, scientific, and political life in Southwest Germany. The area currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations, and tops the national league for patent applications.
2010 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2010. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

Yanina Wickmayer
Yanina Wickmayer (born 20 October 1989) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals at the 2009 US Open, and a career-high ranking of world No. 12, on 19 April 2010. In doubles, she achieved a career-high of world No. 61, on 11 September 2023. She was awarded "Most Improved Player" by the WTA in 2009. Time magazine named her one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" in June 2011.
Spongiochloris spongiosa
Spongiochloris spongiosa is a freshwater green alga species in the genus Spongiochloris.

Phenolic acids such as protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric and salicylic acid, cinnamic acid and hydroxybenzaldehydes such as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin can be isolated from in vitro culture of S. spongiosa.

Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5−CH=CH−COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants. It exists as both a cis and a trans isomer, although the latter is more common. The cis-isomer is called allocinnamic acid.
October 2005 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, October 17, 2005, with an umbral magnitude of 0.0645. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 3.1 days before perigee (on October 14, 2005, at 10:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Grayback-class submarine
The Grayback-class submarine was a class of two guided missile-carrying submarines of the United States Navy. They carried the Regulus I and Regulus II nuclear cruise missiles, deployed 1957–64, that were rapidly phased out by Polaris Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs). They and USS Halibut were the sole submarines designed specifically to carry Regulus missiles, and the only submarines capable of carrying Regulus II. However, USS Tunny and USS Barbero were modified earlier to carry two Regulus I missiles per boat.

Cruise missile
A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided missile that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large payload over long distances with high precision. Modern cruise missiles are capable of traveling at high subsonic, supersonic, or hypersonic speeds, are self-navigating, and are able to fly on a non-ballistic, extremely low-altitude trajectory.
Sandra Schmid
Sandra Louise Schmid (born March 7, 1958, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is the first Chief Scientific Officer of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub. She is a Canadian cell biologist by training; prior to her move to CZ Biohub, she was Professor and Chair of the Cell Biology Department at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.  Throughout her academic career, she has authored over 105 publications on the molecular mechanism and regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the structure and function of the GTPase dynamin and mechanisms governing membrane fission. She was the first to identify dynamin's key role in endocytosis.  She is a co-founder of the journal Traffic and has been the Editor-in-Chief of Molecular Biology of the Cell, and the President of the American Society for Cell Biology.

Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase protein responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA1, mitofusins, and GBPs. Members of the dynamin family are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus. Dynamin family members also play a role in many processes including division of organelles, cytokinesis and microbial pathogen resistance.
Irene Dorner
Irene Mitchell Dorner (born 5 December 1954) was the former president, CEO and managing director of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. and HSBC USA. In 2014, she retired from her 32-year career at HSBC. A qualified barrister at law, during her career Dorner worked in a range of roles in the United Kingdom and internationally. She was the first woman CEO of HSBC, Malaysia.

As well as being chairman of Control Risks, she is a non-executive director of Rolls-Royce and AXA

Control Risks
Control Risks is a global risk and strategic consulting firm that specializes in geo-political, security, technical, and integrity risk assessments. It offers a wide range of services including cyber risks assessments, open source intelligence and threat monitoring, and building risk assessments. In 2014, The Guardian called it the "largest and best-known" crisis response firm in the world.

Control Risks publishes ‘RiskMap’, a forecast of business risk, geopolitical risks and trends, as well as a geopolitical calendar with events and anniversaries around the world.
Lagocheirus plantaris
Lagocheirus plantaris is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1847, and is known from northern South America, eastern Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama.

Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson
Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson (26 November 1809 – 18 December 1848) was a German entomologist and doctor.

He was the author of many articles about insects mainly in Archiv für Naturgeschichte. When writing in Latin, he latinised Wilhelm to Guillelmus becoming either Guil. F. Erichson or G.F. Erichson. He wrote a paper in 1842 on insect species collected at Woolnorth in Tasmania, Australia, which was the first detailed research published on the biogeography of Australian animals and was very influential in raising scientific interest in Australian fauna.

Erichson was the curator of the Coleoptera collections at the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin from 1834 to 1848. Erichson's Scarabaeidae classification is nearly identical to the modern one.
Demas Range
The Demas Range (75°0′S 133°45′W﻿ / ﻿75.000°S 133.750°W﻿ / -75.000; -133.750﻿ (Demas Range)) is a range about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long that forms the lower east margin of the Berry Glacier in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. The range trends north–south culminating in Mount Goorhigian, 1,115 metres (3,658 ft) high.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Archos 43
ARCHOS 43 Internet Tablet is a discontinued 4.3-inch tablet computer designed and developed by Archos in the ARCHOS Generation 8 Internet Tablets line. The Archos 43 runs Android 2.2 Froyo of the Android operating system. It was released globally in early November 2010. It was met with mixed reviews, with its biggest overall complaint being its resistive touchscreen.

Resistive touchscreen
A resistive touchscreen is a type of touch-sensitive display that works by detecting pressure applied to the screen. It is composed of two flexible sheets coated with a resistive material and separated by an air gap or microdots.
REMA 1000-ligaen (men's handball)
REMA 1000-ligaen (Eliteserien i håndball for menn) is the premier men's professional handball league for Norwegian handball clubs. It is administered by the Norwegian Handball Federation, and the winners are recognized as Norwegian champions. It was established in 1966, and it is currently contested by fourteen teams. Sandefjord TIF, is the championship's most successful team with nine titles, followed by Oppsal and Elverum with six titles. Elverum is also the most successful in the playoffs with 11 titles.

Starting 2023/2024-season, the league consists of the following 14 teams. Kolstad Håndball is the defending champion.

Oppsal Håndball
Oppsal Håndball is the women's handball team of the Norwegian multi-sports club Oppsal IF based in Oslo, Norway. After 10 consecutive seasons on the highest level in Norway, the team faced relegation after the 2021–22 season. The following season the team ended 3rd in 1. divisjon, which gave access to play-off matches against the 12th ranked team in REMA 1000-ligaen. This was possible due to restructuring of the series system. Oppsal won the best of three series against Volda Handball, and gained promotion to REMA 1000-ligaen.
Cloquet Carlton County Airport
Cloquet Carlton County Airport (ICAO: KCOQ, FAA LID: COQ) is a county-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Cloquet, a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned COQ by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned COQ to Choibalsan Airport in Choibalsan, Mongolia).

Cloquet, Minnesota
Cloquet (/kloʊˈkeɪ/ ⓘ kloh-KAY, Ojibwe: Mookomaan-Onigamiing) is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33. Part of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation and serves as one of the reservation's three administrative centers. The population was 12,568 at the 2020 census.
2023 China Open – Women's singles
Iga Świątek defeated Liudmila Samsonova in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2023 China Open. It was her sixth career WTA 1000 title.

Naomi Osaka was the reigning champion from 2019, when the event was last held, but was on maternity leave this year.

Magdalena Fręch
Magdalena Fręch (Polish pronunciation: [maɡdaˈlɛna ˈfrɛ̃x]; born 15 December 1997) is a Polish professional tennis player.
She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 22, achieved on 28 October 2024. On 8 August 2022, she peaked at No. 174 in the doubles rankings.

She has won one singles WTA Tour title and one on the WTA Challenger Tour, along with six singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for Poland in the Billie Jean King Cup, Fręch has a win–loss record of 10–7, as of September 2024.
WCFM
WCFM (91.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a variety format. Licensed to Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States, the station is owned by Williams College. Shows are run by students, faculty and Williamstown community members.

Williamstown, Massachusetts
Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. Located in Berkshire County, the town is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. A college town, it is home to Williams College, the Clark Art Institute and the Tony-awarded Williamstown Theatre Festival.
Boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Middleweight
The men's middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 75 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 19 to 31 July 1976. 19 boxers from 19 nations competed.

Rufat Riskiyev
Rufat Asadovich Riskiyev (Russian: Руфат Асадович Рискиев) (born October 2, 1949 in Akkurgan, Uzbek SSR) is an Uzbek retired boxer, who represented the USSR at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the silver medal in the middleweight division (– 75 kg). In the final he was defeated by United States youngster Michael Spinks, after the referee had to stop the contest in the third round.

Two years earlier, at the inaugural 1974 World Championships in Havana, Cuba, Riskiyev won the world title. He trained at the Dynamo sports society.
Wilcze Laski
Wilcze Laski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈviltʂɛ ˈlaskʲi]; formerly German: Wulfflatzke) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczecinek, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Szczecinek and 143 km (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 300.

Gmina Szczecinek
Gmina Szczecinek is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Szczecinek, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 510.21 square kilometres (197.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,171.
Upwords
Upwords is a board game. It was originally manufactured and marketed by the Milton Bradley Company, then a division of Hasbro. It has been marketed under its own name and also as Scrabble Upwords in the United States and Canada, and Topwords, Crucimaster, Betutorony, Palabras Arriba and Stapelwoord in other countries. It is currently available as a board game and a digital gaming app.

Upwords is a letter tile word game similar to Scrabble, with players building words using letter tiles on a gridded game board. Unlike Scrabble, in Upwords letters can be stacked on top of existing words to create new words. Scoring is determined by the number of letter tiles, including tiles in a stack, in a new word.

Milton Bradley Company
Milton Bradley Company, simply known as Milton Bradley (MB), was an American board game manufacturer that was established by Milton Bradley (1836–1911) in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the largest game manufacturer in the United States. It was acquired by Hasbro in 1984 and merged, with Hasbro subsidiary Parker Brothers in 1998. The brand name continued to be used by Hasbro until 2009.
Kelli Ali
Kelli Dayton, known professionally as Kelli Ali (born 30 June 1974), is a British musician, guitarist, and artist. She was formerly the lead singer of the trip hop group Sneaker Pimps before going on to a solo career.

Trip hop
Trip hop is a music genre defined as a psychedelic fusion of hip-hop and electronica with slow tempos and an atmospheric sound. The style emerged as a more experimental variant of breakbeat from the Bristol sound scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, incorporating influences from jazz, soul, funk, dub, rap, as well as sampling from movie soundtracks and other eclectic sources.

Pioneering trip hop acts include Massive Attack, UNKLE, Tricky, and Portishead. The term was first coined in a 1994 Mixmag piece about American producer DJ Shadow. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has been described as "Europe's alternative choice in the second half of the '90s".
My Jerks
"My Jerks" is the first episode of the eighth season premiere and 151st overall episode of the American television sitcom Scrubs. The episode first aired on January 6, 2009, on ABC, following the show's departure from NBC. It was immediately followed by the second episode of the season. The episode was written by Angela Nissel and directed by Michael Spiller, who also has a small cameo appearance. This was the first Scrubs episode of the show to show moving footage over the credits, instead of its usual screenshots of scenes throughout the episode.

Angela Nissel
Angela R. Nissel (born December 5, 1978) is an American author and television writer best known for her first book The Broke Diaries: The Completely True and Hilarious Misadventures of a Good Girl Gone Broke.  She was a writer and executive producer for Scrubs. Nissel also worked as a writer and consulting producer in the fourth season of The Boondocks and was a co-executive producer and writer for the ABC sitcom Mixed-ish.
Sandvand
Sandvand is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kåre Sandvand (1932–2010), Norwegian illustrator

Ole Johan Sandvand (born 1947), Norwegian health executive

Margrethe Sandvand (born 1973), Norwegian designer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
CJAD
CJAD (800 AM) is a commercial radio station operating in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The station has an English language news/talk radio format and identifies itself on-air as CJAD 800. Owned and operated by Bell Media, it has a daytime power of 50,000 watts but reduces power to 10,000 watts at night to avoid interfering with other stations on 800 AM. The transmitter is located near Saint-Édouard, while studios and offices are located on René-Lévesque Boulevard East in Downtown Montreal. CJAD can be heard across Canada on Bell Satellite TV channel 953.

Local hosts are heard throughout the day and evening. Affiliated with CBS News Radio for many years, in 2018 the station, along with many other Bell-owned talk radio stations in Canada, switched to NBC News Radio and 24/7 News for U.S. and international news.

CJAD and co-owned CKGM are currently the only two full-time commercial English-language stations in Quebec on the AM band.

800 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 800 kHz: 800 AM is a Mexican clear-channel frequency;  XEROK Ciudad Juárez, is the dominant station on 800 AM. See also List of broadcast station classes.
Edmund, Earl of Rutland
Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460), was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. He was a younger brother of Edward, Earl of March, the future King Edward IV who came to the throne in 1461, the year after Edmund's death. He was born in Rouen, then the capital of English-occupied France and his father held the office of Lieutenant of France. He was killed at the age of 17 either during or shortly after the Battle of Wakefield, during the Wars of the Roses.

He was created Earl of Rutland by King Henry VI probably at some time before 1454, aged about 11, as Edmund and his elder brother Edward signed a letter to their father on 14 June 1454 as "E. Rutland" and "E. Marche". No record of the creation survives.

Edward Hall
Edward Hall (c. 1496 – c. May 1547) was an English lawyer and historian, best known for his The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke—commonly known as Hall's Chronicle—first published in 1548. He was also several times a member of the Parliament of England.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1026
United Nations Security Council resolution 1026, adopted unanimously on 30 November 1995, after recalling resolutions 982 (1995) and 998 (1995) on the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Council authorised an extension of its mandate until 31 January 1996.

The Council again welcomed the Dayton Agreement between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and stressed the need for all parties to abide by that agreement. The role of UNPROFOR was also praised.

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council extended UNPROFOR's mandate until 31 January 1996 pending further action on the implementation of the Dayton Agreement. The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was invited to keep the Council informed on developments and submit reports on the implementation of the agreement and how it would affect the United Nations role.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It gives the Security Council the authority to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security.”