hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Ueda
The siege of Ueda was staged in 1600 by Tokugawa Hidetada, son and heir of the warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu, against Ueda castle garrison in Shinano province, which was controlled by the Sanada family.

Hidetada came across the castle as he marched his army along the Nakasendō (central mountain road) from Edo to rendezvous with his father's forces. Sanada Masayuki resisted, and Sanada Yukimura, second son of Masayuki, was able to fight Hidetada's 38,000 men with only 2,000. However, when the castle did not fall as quickly as Hidetada had hoped and expected, he gave up and abandoned the siege and hurried to meet up with his father. As a result of this delay, Hidetada missed the battle of Sekigahara, the decisive victory in his father's unification of Japan.

Sanada Yukimura
Sanada Nobushige (真田 信繁; 1567 – June 3, 1615), also known as Sanada Yukimura (真田 幸村), was a Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku period. He was especially known as the leading general on the defending side of the Siege of Osaka. 
Yukimura was called "A Hero who may appear once in a hundred years", "Crimson Demon of War" and "The Last Sengoku Hero". The famed veteran of the invasion of Korea Shimazu Tadatsune called him the "Number one warrior in Japan" (日本一の兵).
Roger Sweet
Roger Sweet (born 1935) is an American toy designer, known for his work as the lead designer in Mattel's Preliminary Design Department, which created He-Man and the Masters of the Universe toy line in 1982.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Sapir Report
An Agenda for a Growing Europe, also called The Sapir Report, is a report on the economy of the European Union edited by a panel of experts under the  direction of the Belgian economist André Sapir and published in July 2003. The report follows an initiative by Romano Prodi, President of the European Commission, notably to analyze the Lisbon Strategy.

Sapir, who coordinated the redaction of the report, is now a Senior Fellow at the Bruegel think tank and a professor of economics at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.

In relation to the European Union Budget, the report noted that "as it stands today, the EU budget is a historical relic. Expenditures, revenues and procedures are all inconsistent with the present and future state of EU integration".

Bruegel (think tank)
Bruegel is a think tank devoted to policy research on economic issues. Based in Brussels, it started operations in 2005 and currently conducts research in five different focus areas with the aim of improving economic debate and policy-making.

Bruegel was recognised as the best international economics think tank worldwide (non-US) and the second best think tank worldwide (US and non-US), according to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Report.

It has a governance and funding model based on memberships from Member States of the European Union, international corporations, and other institutions.
Wojciech Wielądko
Wojciech Wincenty Wielądko (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔjt͡ɕɛɣ vinˈt͡sɛntɨ vjɛˈlɔntkɔ]; 1744/49–1822) was a Polish historian, poet, playwright, translator, lexicographer and food writer. He is best known for his work on Polish heraldry entitled Heraldyka, czyli opisania familii i krwi związku szlachty polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z ich herbami (Heraldry, or Description of the Families and Kinship of the Nobility of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with their Coats of Arms), as well as for his translation from French of Menon's cookbook La Cuisinière bourgeoise, first published in 1783 as Kucharz doskonały (The Perfect Cook).

Kucharz doskonały is mentioned in the portrayal of an Old Polish banquet in Pan Tadeusz, the Polish national epic, but it was apparently confused with Compendium ferculorum, another Polish cookbook.

Menon (cookbook author)
Menon was the most prolific cookbook author in 18th-century France. Very little is known of his life as a whole. The National Library of France (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) lists his name as Joseph Menon. His numerous works were often reprinted, sometimes anonymously.

The best-known of his books is probably La Cuisinière bourgeoise, which was first published in 1746 and every year after for the next century, even during the French Revolution. It was the most reprinted French cookbook and the only one written before the French Revolution to be reprinted after 1800. Before the publication of La Cuisinière bourgeoise, French cookbooks claimed to make a royal and elite cuisine available to all budgets. Menon's book took the opposite approach, presenting a cuisine with "modest origins" that would be sought after by elites. "Bourgeois" or middle-class cuisine was women's cooking, hence the feminine cook in the book's title.
Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.

Lentil
The lentil (Vicia lens or Lens culinaris) is an annual legume grown for its lens-shaped edible seeds or pulses, also called lentils. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each.

Lentil seeds are used around the world for culinary purposes, most commonly in stews or soups. In cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, where lentils are a staple, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) known as dal are often cooked into a thick curry that is usually eaten with rice or roti.
Store Kongensgade
Store Kongensgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈstoːɐ ˈkʰʌŋn̩sˌkɛːðə]; lit. 'Great King's Street') is the longest street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends northeast from Kongens Nytorv to Esplanaden, running parallel to Bredgade, where it breaks left, continuing northwest to Grønningen.

Store Kongensgade is part of the Ring 2 thoroughfare. Traffic is one-way, moving from Østerport station to Kongens Nytorv, while traffic moving in the opposite direction goes by Bredgade which is also one-way.

One-way traffic
One-way traffic (or uni-directional traffic) is traffic that moves in a single direction.  A one-way street is a street either facilitating only one-way traffic, or designed to direct vehicles to move in one direction.  One-way streets typically result in higher traffic flow as drivers may avoid encountering oncoming traffic or turns through oncoming traffic.  Residents may dislike one-way streets due to the circuitous route required to get to a specific destination, and the potential for higher speeds adversely affecting pedestrian safety.  Some studies even challenge the original motivation for one-way streets, in that the circuitous routes negate the claimed higher speeds.
Oberonia jhae
Oberonia jhae is a species of critically endangered orchid endemic to Arunachal Pradesh in India. It was described by Krishna Chowlu in 2017 from a collection in Papum Pare district in Arunachal Pradesh. Very little information is known about its population and considering the decline in its habitat this species was classified as critically endangered.

Papum Pare district
Papum Pare district (Pron:/ˌpæpəm ˈpæɹɪ, ˈpɑ:ɹeɪ/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh (out of 20).
Civil rights movement in popular culture
The history of the 1954 to 1968 American civil rights movement has been depicted and documented in film, song, theater, television, and the visual arts. These presentations add to and maintain cultural awareness and understanding of the goals, tactics, and accomplishments of the people who organized and participated in this nonviolent movement.

Ruby Bridges
Ruby Nell Bridges Hall (born September 8, 1954) is an American civil rights activist. She was the first African American child to attend formerly whites-only William Frantz Elementary School in Louisiana during the New Orleans school desegregation crisis on November 14, 1960. She is the subject of a 1964 painting, The Problem We All Live With, by Norman Rockwell.
Olle Dahlberg
Sven Olof Wilhelm "Olle" "Sheriffen" Dahlberg (4 October 1928 – 13 May 1997) was a Swedish speed skater who competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics and in the 1960 Winter Olympics.

He was born in Sollefteå and died in Sundsvall.

In 1956 he finished seventh in the 5000 metres event and eighth in the 10000 metres competition.

Four years later he finished seventh in the 10000 metres contest, 13th in the 5000 metres event, 18th in the 1500 metres competition and 30th in the 500 metres contest at the 1960 Games.

Speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The 5000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on the Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink and for the first time at the Olympics on artificially frozen ice. It was held on Thursday, February 25, 1960. Thirty-seven speed skaters from 15 nations competed.
Everett Lee
Everett Astor Lee (August 31, 1916 – January 12, 2022) was an American symphonic conductor, opera music director, violinist and music scholar. He was the first African American to conduct a Broadway musical, the first to "conduct an established symphony orchestra below the Mason–Dixon line", and the first to conduct a performance by a major American opera company.

Cleveland Institute of Music
The Cleveland Institute of Music (CIM) is a private music conservatory in Cleveland, Ohio. The school was founded in 1920 by a group of supporters led by Martha Bell Sanders and Mary Hutchens Smith, with Ernest Bloch serving as its first director. CIM enrolls 325 students in the conservatory and approximately 1,500 students in the preparatory and continuing education programs. There are typically about 100 openings per year for which 1,000-1,200 prospective students apply.

Many members of The Cleveland Orchestra serve as faculty at CIM and CIM alumni can be found in major orchestras throughout the United States and the world. In 2024, faculty voted, 56 to 25, to join the American Federation of Musicians.
Sovay
Sovay is a traditional English folk song (Roud 7, Laws N21) about a young woman named Sovay who dresses and arms herself as a highwayman in order to test her suitor. In disguise she robs her suitor of nearly all his possessions, but even under threat of death he refuses to give up the gold ring given by Sovay, thus proving his devotion. Sovay subsequently confesses the ruse to her lover and returns his various possessions, admonishing him only that had he indeed given up the ring, she would have killed him. The name 'Sovay' is probably a corruption of 'Sophie' or 'Sylvie' – both of which appear instead in some versions of the song.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Kino Indonesia
PT Kino Indonesia Tbk, formerly PT Kinocare Era Kosmetindo, or simply known as Kino, is an Indonesian multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Tangerang, Banten, founded in 1999 by Harry Sanusi. It specializes the manufacturing of its products in the wide range of personal care, hygiene, health care, confectionery, pastry, beverages, and pet care. As of 2022, the company is currently led by Sidharta Prawira Oetama as its president director while Sanusi act as its president commissioner.

Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages encompass coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine, have been consumed for centuries.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the psychoactive substance ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks typically refer to beverages that are traditionally alcoholic—such as beer, wine, or cocktails—but are produced with a very low alcohol by volume content. This category includes beverages that have undergone processes to remove or significantly reduce alcohol, such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.
MacNutt (surname)
MacNutt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

D. Scott MacNutt (1935–2010), Canadian politician

Derrick Somerset Macnutt (1902–1971), British crossword compiler

Francis MacNutt (1925–2020), American Roman Catholic priest

Francis Augustus MacNutt (1863–1927), American diplomat and Catholic writer

Frederick MacNutt (1873–1949), British Anglican priest and author

George Taylor MacNutt (1865–1937), Canadian politician

Peter MacNutt (1834–1919), Canadian merchant and politician

Thomas MacNutt (1850–1927), Canadian politician

Thomas Russell MacNutt (1895–1973), Canadian politician

Walter MacNutt (1910–1996), Canadian organist, choir director, and composer

Peter MacNutt
Peter MacNutt (5 April 1834 – 24 October 1919) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island.

He served as a member of the Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island from 1882 to 1886 and from 1890 to 1893. He represented 4th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1897 to 1900, and 3rd Prince from 1900 to 1908, as a Liberal member.

He was born in Darnley, Prince Edward Island, the son of Peter S. MacNutt, a former member of the Legislative Council, and was educated there and at the Central Academy (later Prince of Wales College). He served as a commissioner of small debts and as coroner for Prince County for 43 years. MacNutt was county sheriff from 1875 to 1877. In 1861, he married Anna Stewart MacNutt. With Dugalt S. MacNutt, he established a general store at Malpeque, becoming sole owner in 1888 after his partner's death.
Judicial, Executive and Legislative Advisory and Consultative Council
The Judicial, Executive and Legislative Advisory and Consultative Council (JELACC) of the Philippines is a body created by a memorandum of agreement (MOA) signed on May 13, 2008, which serves as "the forum and venue for the representatives of the 3 branches of the government to undertake measures on matters affecting the primacy of the rule of law, specifically tasked to identify the problems and issues, formulate solutions, and to implement them." The historical move which was aimed "to strengthen the consultation and coordination among the three branches of government in upholding the rule of law." JELACC was the brainchild of Francis Pangilinan, first proposed on the July 16–17, 2007, Manila Hotel summit on extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Robert Tarjan
Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948) is an American computer scientist and mathematician.  He is the discoverer of several graph theory algorithms, including his strongly connected components algorithm, and co-inventor of both splay trees and Fibonacci heaps. Tarjan is currently the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. He and John Hopcroft won the 1986 ACM Turing Award.

James Smith McDonnell
James Smith "Mac" McDonnell Jr. (April 9, 1899 – August 22, 1980) was an American aviator, engineer, and businessman. He was an aviation pioneer and founder of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, later McDonnell Douglas (which is now Boeing, after the latter's  company merger in 1997), and the James S. McDonnell Foundation.
SMPEG
The SDL MPEG library was developed by Loki Software. It follows the MPEG-1 standard rather than MPEG-2 because MPEG-2 is restricted by software patents in the United States of America. It uses the LGPL.

Software patent
A software patent is a patent on a piece of software, such as a computer program, library, user interface, or algorithm. The validity of these patents can be difficult to evaluate, as software is often at once a product of engineering, something typically eligible for patents, and an abstract concept, which is typically not. This gray area, along with the difficulty of patent evaluation for intangible, technical works such as libraries and algorithms, makes software patents a frequent subject of controversy and litigation.

Different jurisdictions have radically different policies concerning software patents, including a blanket ban, no restrictions, or attempts to distinguish between purely mathematical constructs and "embodiments" of these constructs. For example, an algorithm itself may be judged unpatentable, but its use in software judged patentable.
Grendel's mother
Grendel's mother (Old English: Grendles mōdor) or Mrs. Grendel is one of three antagonists in the anonymous Old English poem Beowulf (c. 700–1000 AD), the other two being Grendel himself and the dragon. Each antagonist reflects different negative aspects of both the hero Beowulf and the heroic society in which the poem is set. Grendel's mother is introduced in lines 1258b to 1259a as: "Grendles modor/ides, aglæcwif".

Grendel's mother, who is never given a name in the text, is the subject of an ongoing controversy among medieval scholars. This controversy is due to the ambiguity of a few words in Old English which appear in the original Beowulf manuscript. While there is agreement over the word "modor" (mother), the phrase "ides, aglæcwif" is the subject of scholarly debate.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Fraser Hore
Fraser Salter Hore (6 June 1835 – 7 July 1903) was an English cricketer. Hore was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Dulwich, Surrey.

Hore made his first-class debut for Surrey against Yorkshire in 1861 at The Oval. He made a further first-class appearance in that same year for the Gentlemen of the South against the Gentlemen of the North at Trent Bridge. His next appearance in first-class cricket came for the Surrey Club against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1866, with him making two further first-class appearances in that year, one for the Gentlemen of the South against I Zingari and another for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Sussex. In his five first-class matches, Hore scored 32 runs at an average of 5.33, with a high score of 9.

He died at Westbourne, Hampshire on 7 July 1903. His brother Alexander also played first-class cricket.

Sheffield Cricket Club
The Sheffield Cricket Club was founded in the 18th century and soon began to play a key role in the development of cricket in northern England. It was the direct forerunner of Yorkshire County Cricket Club and some of the teams fielded by Sheffield were styled Yorkshire. Sheffield generally held first-class status, depending on the quality of their opponents, from 1827 to 1855.
Church Home for Aged, Infirm and Disabled Colored People
Church Home for Aged, Infirm and Disabled Colored People is a historic hospital building for African Americans located at Brodnax, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built in 1881–1883, and is a three-story, 6,000-square-foot wood-frame structure with horizontal lapped weatherboard walls and a slate clipped-gable roof.  Also on the property are a contributing hospital supervisor's residence and smokehouse. The house is now used as a bed and breakfast establishment.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Brunswick County, Virginia
Brunswick County is a United States county located on the southern border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Brunswick County was created in 1720 from parts of Prince George, Surry and Isle of Wight counties. The county was named for the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lunenburg, the ancestral home of the British monarchs of the House of Hanover.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Brunswick county was 15,849. The county has a total area of 569 square miles, and the  county seat is Lawrenceville.  Known for its rural character, the county is one of the claimants to be the namesake of Brunswick stew, a popular Southern dish.
David Howard Adeney
David Howard Adeney (3 November 1911 – 11 May 1994) was a British Protestant Christian missionary and university evangelist in Hunan, China and East Asia. He served with the China Inland Mission (CIM), InterVarsity Fellowship, and International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES). In 1968 he founded the Discipleship Training Centre (DTC) in Singapore.

International Fellowship of Evangelical Students
The International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES) is an interdenominational association of 180 evangelical Christian student movements worldwide, encouraging evangelism, discipleship and mission among students. The headquarters is in Oxford, England.