hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec
The Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec was established under the Union Nationale government of Jean-Jacques Bertrand on December 9, 1968.

It was commissioned in response to conflicts in the Catholic school board in Saint-Léonard. The Mouvement pour l'intégration scolaire (MIS), created by francophone parents in the middle of the Saint-Leonard Crisis, wished for mandatory French-language education for allophones, but immigrants, mostly of Italian origin were supported by anglophones in creating the Saint Leonard English Catholic Association of Parents to defend being able to choose either English or French schools.

English-speaking Quebecers
English-speaking Quebecers, also known as Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers (all alternately spelt Quebeckers; in French Anglo-Québécois, Québécois Anglophone) or simply Anglos in a Quebec context, are Québécois people who speak English as their primary language. According to the 2011 Canadian census, 599,225 people (around 7.7% of the population) in Quebec declare English as a mother tongue. When asked, 834,950 people (about 10.7% of the population) reported using English the most at home.

The origins of English-speaking Quebecers include immigration from both English-speaking and non English-speaking countries, migration from other Canadian provinces, and strong English language education programs in Quebecois schools. This makes estimating the population of those who identify as English-speaking Quebecers difficult.
The Cult of the Charkha
The Cult of the Charkha is an essay by Rabindranath Tagore which first appeared in September 1925 in the Modern Review. In the essay Tagore offered critique on the Gandhian ethic of "charkha-spinning" as an activity which could rejuvenate the Indian masses during the Indian independence movement.

Modern Review (Calcutta)
The Modern Review was a monthly magazine published in Calcutta founded and edited by Ramananda Chatterjee. It was in circulation between 1907 and 1995. The magazine emerged as an important forum for the Indian nationalist intelligentsia. It carried essays on politics, economics, sociology, as well as poems, stories, travelogues, and sketches. Radhakamal Mukerjee published his early, pioneering essays on environmental degradation in India here and Verrier Elwin reports from the Gond country were first published here. Numerous other friends of India including Rev. Jabez T. Sunderland wrote regularly for the magazine. Another indication of the journal's stature was the publication, within its pages, of Jawaharlal Nehru's pseudonymous autocritique Rashtrapati, by 'Chanakya' in November 1937. Ramachandra Guha indicates that alone was evidence that it was "leading journal of the progressive Indian intelligentsia."
Prime Minister of Brunei
The prime minister of Brunei (Malay: Perdana Menteri Brunei; Jawi: ڤردان منتري بروني) is the head of government of Brunei. Concurrently, the title is held by the sultan of Brunei, who as sultan is also the head of state of the country. The prime minister, minister of foreign affairs, minister of finance and economy, and minister of defence are all the Sultan of Brunei. He is Brunei's Supreme Executive Authority in his capacity as the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan. The Privy Council, the Council of Succession, the Religious Council, the Council of Cabinet Ministers, and the Legislative Council support him in carrying out his responsibilities.

Privy Council (Brunei)
The Privy Council (Malay: Majlis Mesyuarat Diraja) is a formal body of advisers to the monarch of Brunei.  When His Majesty appoints people to posts with traditional ranks, titles, and honours, the council provides advice.
Caravane cheese
Caravane, also known as Camelbert, is the brand name of a camel milk cheese produced in Mauritania by Tiviski, a company founded by Nancy Abeiderrhamane in 1987. A Brie-like cheese, its availability is largely limited to Mauritania, and as an export to neighboring Senegal.

Brie
Brie (/briː/ bree; French: [bʁi] ⓘ) is a soft cow's-milk cheese named after Brie (itself from Gaulish briga, "hill, height"), the French region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern département of Seine-et-Marne). It is pale in colour with a slight greyish tinge under a rind of white mould. The rind is typically eaten, with its flavour depending largely upon the ingredients used and its manufacturing environment.  It is similar to Camembert, which is native to a different region of France.  Brie typically contains between 60% and 75% butterfat, slightly higher than Camembert.

"Brie" is a style of cheese, and is not in itself a protected name, although some regional bries are protected.

Some of the flavour notes that are commonly found when eating Brie are: creamy, nutty, mushroom-like, and slightly-acidic.
Major Eazy
Major Eazy is a British comic character, appearing in strips published by IPC Magazines. Eazy featured British comic war stories published in the weekly anthology Battle Picture Weekly from 10 January 1976 to 10 June 1978, written by Alan Hebden and drawn by Carlos Ezquerra. Set during World War II, the strips follow Eazy, an unconventional British Army officer with a laidback attitude.

TI Media
TI Media Ltd. (formerly International Publishing Company, IPC Magazines Ltd, IPC Media and Time Inc. UK) was a consumer magazine and digital publisher in the United Kingdom, with a portfolio selling over 350 million copies each year. Most of its titles now belong to Future plc.
Commotion Ltd v Rutty
Commotion Ltd v Rutty [2006] IRLR 171 (EAT) is an Employment Appeal Tribunal case in which an employer, who denied its staff flexible working time, was found in breach of the Employment Rights Act 1996 for failing to have any lawful reason.

Employment Appeal Tribunal
The Employment Appeal Tribunal is a tribunal in England and Wales and Scotland, and is a superior court of record. Its primary role is to hear appeals from Employment Tribunals in England, Scotland and Wales. It also hears appeals from decisions of the Certification Officer and the Central Arbitration Committee and has original jurisdiction over certain industrial relations issues.

The tribunal may sit anywhere in Great Britain, although it is required to have an office in London. It is part of the UK tribunals system, under the administration of His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service. The tribunal may not make a declaration of incompatibility under the Human Rights Act 1998.
Towell
Towell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

C. Towell (MCC cricketer) (active in late 18th century)

David Towell (1937–2003), Nevada politician

Larry Towell (born 1953), photographer

Richie Towell (born 1991), Irish footballer

Richie Towell
Richard Patrick Towell (born 17 July 1991) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Towell started his career with Scottish club Celtic and made his debut in the first half of the 2010–11 season. He then had two loan spells with Hibernian before leaving Celtic in 2012.

Towell has represented the Republic of Ireland under-21, under-19 and under-17 teams.
Nefta Football Club
Nefta Football Club is a 2018 live action short film directed by French director Yves Piat. It has been selected and awarded at several film festivals including Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival, Palm Springs International Film Festival as well as Aspen Shortsfest, where it won the Oscar Qualifying Jury Award for Comedy.

In January 2020 it was nominated for the 2020 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and the 2020 César Award for Best Short Film.

Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival
Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival is an international film festival dedicated to short films held annually in Clermont-Ferrand, France.

It is the second largest film festival in France after Cannes in terms of audience and professional attendance. Known as the best short film festival in France, Clermont-Ferrand unites around 160,000 professionals and filmgoers. Its industry platform, short film distribution system, and steady growth of the festival’s attendance justify its right to be called the number one short film festival in the world.
Seiji Nishino
Seiji Nishino is a Japanese neuroscientist and writer. He is a professor emeritus of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Stanford University. He is also the director of Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine.

Nishino, a well-known sleep researcher, he researches sleep disorders, sleep and circadian physiology using animal models.
Since 2016, he has been director of Good Quality Sleep Research Organization.

He is also the author of a best-selling Japanese book on sleep.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Kapasan railway station
Kapasan railway station is a railway station in Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan. Its code is KIN. It serves Kapasan city. The station consists of a single platform. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.

Chittorgarh district
Chittorgarh district is one of the 50 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Chittaurgarh is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district was established on 1 August 1948 by integrating portions of various princely states: Mewar, Pratabgarh, Tonk, and Jhalawar. Chittaurgarh is famous for the Chittor fort, home to various famous Rajput dynasties.
Wong Chia Zhen
Wong Chia Zhen (simplified Chinese: 黄佳祯; traditional Chinese: 黃佳禎; pinyin: Huáng Jiāzhēn) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Kedah State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor and Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kulim since August 2023. He is a member, Youth Chief, Secretary-General and State Chairman of Kedah of the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), a component party of the PN coalition. He is also presently the only Chinese, non-Malay and GERAKAN Kedah EXCO Member and the only serving GERAKAN elected representative as well as the first GERAKAN candidate to win an election since Mah Siew Keong won the 2014 Telok Intan by-election.

Menteri Besar of Kedah
The Menteri Besar of Kedah or the First Minister of Kedah is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Kedah. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly.
Apistogramma regani
Apistogramma regani is a species of South American dwarf cichlid.
It is a freshwater fish found in the lower Rio Negro basin in the Amazon.
The specific name is in honour of the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Minae of Silla
Minae (c. 817–839) (r. 838–839) was the 44th ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.  He was a great-grandson of King Wonseong, and the son of Daeachan Kim Chung-gong. His mother was a Kim, Lady Gwibo.  He married the daughter of Gakgan Kim Yeong-gong.

Being of true bone rank, Minae rose to the rank of sangdaedeung. He then schemed with Kim Rihong and others to overthrow King Huigang. They threatened the King and drove him to kill himself, which began to destabilize Silla, as Minae had defied the traditional hierarchy of the royal family of Silla and destroyed its legitimacy. In the following year, Kim Ujing allied himself with Chang Pogo, who sent his forces into the capital (Gyeongju) to topple and slay the king. King Minae attempted to defeat the rebels but his generals were all defeated. Minae died at the soldiers' hands in the twelfth lunar month, early in 839.

Sangdaedŭng
Sangdaedŭng (Korean: 상대등; Hanja: 上大等, the First of Taedŭngs or Peers, Extraordinary Rank One) or Sangsin (상신; 上臣), was an office of the Silla state. The Sangdaedŭng was the head of the Council of Nobles and was considered as the highest and most prestigious office that one could attain next to the throne itself. 
The position was established during King Beophung's 18th year as a king (531) and survived until the end of Silla.
KNFR
KNFR is a Christian radio station licensed to Gravel Ridge, Arkansas, broadcasting on 90.9 MHz FM.  The station serves the northeastern Little Rock Metropolitan Area, and is owned by Fellowship Christian Church.

Gravel Ridge, Arkansas
Gravel Ridge is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 3,232 at the 2000 census. It has been annexed into the city of Sherwood and is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Time and Chance (song)
"Time and Chance" is a contemporary R&B, funk, and hip hop song performed by American group Color Me Badd and the lead single and title track from their second album (1993). It was released in October 1993, by Giant and Reprise Records. The song is about how life is about time and chance, with it determining whether good or bad people thrive, or falter in life, and how everyone deals with their own hurt and pain. It was meant to introduce the group to a new "street" audience as hip hop and gangsta rap were becoming more popular.

The song peaked at No. 23 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on December 11, 1993, and spent 19 weeks on the chart. It also reached No. 23 on the Cash Box Top 100 and No. 9 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. The song was their final top-ten R&B hit and the video was played extensively on BET, which helped the performance of the single. The video peaked at No. 1 on BET for the week of November 28, 1993.

Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles
The Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles (also known as the Cash Box Top 100) was a record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Cash Box magazine, which began publication in 1942. As a close competitor to Billboard magazine, it was first issued for the September 13, 1958 issue when they expanded their top 75 chart to one hundred positions. The original version of the magazine lasted through November 16, 1996. While Billboard ranked singles weekly mixing the total airplay on radio stations and singles sales from all across North America, Cash Box presented their rankings via all sales and airplay of songs without splitting up genres in order to formulate the generalized popularity of a single's overall presence. Many singles hit number one in Cash Box that didn't on Billboard and vice versa.
Acarlar, İncirliova
Acarlar is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of İncirliova, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 12,297 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated to the south of İncirliova and Turkish state highway D.550. The distance to İncirliova is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to Aydın is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi).

According to the mayor's page, the settlement was founded by a group of people who named themselves as "Abdals" from Adana (although an alternative theory claims that these people were refugees from Russia after a Russo-Turkish War). In 1930s, the settlement was named by the governor of the province.  In 1972, it was declared a seat of township.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
ImpressCMS
ImpressCMS is an open source content management system for building and maintaining dynamic web sites, written in the PHP programming language and using a MySQL database. The product is released under the GNU General Public License version 2.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Bedotia longianalis
Bedotia longianalis is a species of Madagascar rainbowfish endemic to Madagascar.  Its natural habitat is the lower reaches of rivers and its range extends from the Ifontsy to the Anove rivers and it is also found on Île Sainte-Marie, in north-eastern Madagascar. It was described in 1914 by Jacques Pellegrin from a type collected from a market in Mahambo.

Bedotiidae
Bedotiidae are a family of fish in the order Atheriniformes. They are closely related to the Australian rainbowfish family Melanotaeniidae, and were formerly placed in it as a subfamily, but are now considered a distinct family. They are commonly known as the Madagascar rainbowfish, Madagascan rainbowfish, or Malagasy rainbowfish due to their endemism to Madagascar. It includes two genera, Bedotia and Rheocles.
Russell J. York
Russell J. York (August 5, 1921 – July 22, 2006)  was a native of Waterville, Maine, who served in World War II in 1942–1945 as a combat medic assigned to the 4th Engineer Battalion of the U.S. 4th Infantry Division. He landed at Utah Beach  on D-Day under the command of Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. and with the U.S. 22d Infantry Regiment served in the campaigns in Northern France, Rhineland, Battle of the Bulge and Central Europe.

York was interviewed in 2005 for the Veterans' History Project about his service. The tape is available for the public through that organization at the Library of Congress's veteran's website

Waterville, Maine
Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. A college town, the city is home to Colby College, a NESCAC college, and Thomas College.

As of the 2020 census the population was 15,828. Along with Augusta, Waterville is one of the principal cities of the Augusta-Waterville, ME Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Mount Hinman
Mount Hinman (7,492 feet (2,284 m)) is located on the border of Snoqualmie and Wenatchee National Forests in the U.S. state of Washington. Mount Hinman is less than 2 mi (3.2 km) west of Mount Daniel and both are within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness. Hinman Glacier is situated on the north flank of Mount Hinman and Foss Glacier is to the northeast. The mountain was named in 1934 for Dr. Harry B. Hinman, a founder of the Everett branch of The Mountaineers club.

Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest
The Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington is a National Forest extending more than 140 miles (230 km) along the western slopes of the Cascade Range from the Canada–US border to the northern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, which has headquarter offices for this forest in Everett. Local ranger district offices are in North Bend and Skykomish.
Immovable Cultural Heritage in the Kosovo District
This list includes Immovable Cultural Heritage sites (listed by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia) which are located in the Kosovska Mitrovica District of Serbia – which, except for not including the municipality of Novo Brdo, overlaps with the District of Pristina and District of Ferizaj of Kosovo.

Novo Brdo
Novo Brdo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ново Брдо), or Novobërda or Artana (Albanian indefinite form: Novobërdë or Artanë), is a town and municipality located in the Pristina district of Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 6,729 inhabitants. The center of the municipality is the village of Bostane. The region is especially known for its role in mining during medieval times, in particular after the construction of the Novo Brdo Fortress by Stefan Milutin (King of Serbia) to house Saxon miners who were brought in the region. According to the 2024 census, it has an Albanian majority.
Yamakinkarudu
Yamakinkarudu (transl. Agent of death) is a 1982 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Raj Bharat and produced by Allu Aravind. This film stars Chiranjeevi, Radhika, and Sarath Babu. The screenplay was mainly adapted from the films Dirty Harry and Mad Max. It was a success at the box-office.

Dirty Harry
Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action-thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first appearance as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan. The film drew upon the real-life case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.

Dirty Harry was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films. It was followed by four sequels: Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983, and The Dead Pool in 1988.

In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant".