hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Carter (director)
Peter Carter (December 8, 1933 - June 3, 1982) was a British-Canadian film and television director. Best known as the director of The Rowdyman and Klondike Fever, he garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Director at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980 for Klondike Fever.

Carter began as an apprentice with J. Arthur Rank in England and moved to Canada in 1955, where he joined Crawley Films as an editor and assistant director. He returned to England, worked in Africa, and came back to Canada in 1963. His  films included Rituals, High-Ballin' and Highpoint and on television, his credits included episodes of R.C.M.P., Seaway, Wojeck, McQueen, For the Record, Police Surgeon, The Forest Rangers and Swiss Family Robinson, and the telefilms The Courage of Kavik the Wolf Dog and A Man Called Intrepid. He died of a heart attack on June 3, 1982. He was married to actress Linda Goranson.

R.C.M.P. (TV series)
R.C.M.P. is a Canadian television drama series about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The series ran a single season, consisting of 39 weekly half-hour episodes that aired from 28 October 1959 to 19 October 1960 on CBC.
Royal Lao Armed Forces
The Royal Lao Armed Forces (Lao: ກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ; French: Forces Armées du Royaume), best known by its French acronym FAR, were the official military of the Kingdom of Laos, a state that existed from 1949 to 1975 in what is now the Lao People's Democratic Republic. First created under the French protectorate of Laos on July 1, 1949, the FAR was responsible for the defense of the Kingdom since its independence in October 1953 from France, until its dissolution on December 2, 1975. It operated notably during the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Laotian Civil War from 1960 to 1975.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Courts of Nevada
Courts of Nevada include:

State courts of Nevada

Supreme Court of Nevada
Nevada Court of Appeals
District Courts of Nevada (11 districts)
Municipal Courts of Nevada
Justice Courts of Nevada

Federal courts located in Nevada

United States District Court for the District of Nevada

Supreme Court of Nevada
The Supreme Court of Nevada is the highest state court of the U.S. state of Nevada, and the head of the Nevada Judiciary. The main constitutional function of the Supreme Court is to review appeals made directly from the decisions of the district courts. The Supreme Court does not pursue fact-finding by conducting trials, but rather determines whether legal errors were committed in the rendering of the lower court's decision. While the Court must consider all cases filed, it has the discretion to send appeals to the Nevada Court of Appeals for final resolution, as well as the power to determine the jurisdiction of that court.

There are seven Justices on the court, who are elected to six-year terms in officially nonpartisan elections and who are not subject to term limits, which were rejected by voters in 1996. The Governor appoints Justices in the case of a vacancy. The most senior justice becomes Chief Justice for a two-year term.
Badgley
Badgley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Badgley (born 1964), Canadian music journalist and radio host

Catherine E. Badgley, American paleontologist

Elaine Badgley Arnoux (1926–2023), American visual artist

Francis Badgley (doctor) (1807–1863), Canadian physician

Francis Badgley (merchant) (1767–1841), Canadian politician

Helen Badgley (1908–1977), American actress

Michael Badgley (born 1995), American football player

Penn Badgley (born 1986), American actor

Sidney Badgley (1850–1917), Canadian-born American architect

William Badgley (1801–1888), Canadian judge and attorney

William E. Badgley, American musician and documentary filmmaker

Penn Badgley
Penn Dayton Badgley (born November 1, 1986) is an American actor and producer. He is known for his roles as Dan Humphrey in The CW teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007–2012) and Joe Goldberg in the Netflix psychological thriller series You (2018–2025).

Badgley came to prominence playing Phillip Chancellor IV on the soap opera The Young and the Restless (2000–2001). He featured in the comedy films John Tucker Must Die (2006), Drive-Thru (2007) and Easy A (2010), the thriller films The Stepfather (2009) and Margin Call (2011), the biographical film Greetings from Tim Buckley (2012), and the drama film The Paper Store (2016).
Β-Hydroxyfentanyl
β-Hydroxyfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl.

β-Hydroxyfentanyl was sold briefly on the black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the Federal Analog Act which for the first time attempted to control entire families of drugs based on their structural similarity rather than scheduling each drug individually as they appeared.

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.

Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed respiratory gas exchange. By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis. Hypoventilation is not synonymous with respiratory arrest, in which breathing ceases entirely and death occurs within minutes due to hypoxia and leads rapidly into complete anoxia, although both are medical emergencies. Hypoventilation can be considered a precursor to hypoxia, and its lethality is attributed to hypoxia with carbon dioxide toxicity.
Sairaj Bahutule
Sairaj Bahutule pronunciationⓘ (born 6 January 1973, Bombay, Maharashtra, India) is a former Indian cricketer. He was an all-rounder who bowled leg spin. Beginning in the 1991–92 season, he played domestic cricket for Mumbai, Maharashtra, Assam, Andhra and Vidarbha.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
2005 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2005 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 2004–05 season, the 41st annual meet for men and 23rd annual meet for women.

For the sixth consecutive year, the championships were held at the Randal Tyson Track Center at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Hosts Arkansas won the men's title, the Razorbacks' eighteenth and first since 2003.

Tennessee won the women's title, the Lady Volunteers' first.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
Mok Ying-fan
Mok Ying-fan (born 15 January 1951, Hong Kong) is the member of the Wong Tai Sin District Council (1985–91, 1994–2015) representing Tung Mei. He was the also member of the Urban Council (1989–99) and the member of Legislative Council (1995–97) representing for Urban Council constituency. He joined the Provisional Legislative Council which existed from 1996 to 98 with other members of the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, while other pro-democrats boycotted it.

Wong Tai Sin District Council
The Wong Tai Sin District Council (Chinese: 黃大仙區議會; noted as WTS) is one of 18 such district councils in Hong Kong, representing the Wong Tai Sin District. The Wong Tai Sin District Council currently consists of 20 members, two members were each elected from one of 2 constituencies, 8 district committee members, and 8 appointed members. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Stanstock Music Festival
The Stanstock Music Festival is a charitable event where multiple musical acts come together and play music to raise money for other nonprofit organizations, especially those that contribute toward pediatric cancer causes and veteran reintegration. The event is held near Baltimore, Maryland - most recently in Essex, and formerly in Parkville. The festival is overseen by Stanstock, Inc., a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charitable organization, with all staff and musicians working free of charge. It is unrelated to the Stanstock Music Festivals held in 2010 and 2011 in Chanhassen, MN.

Chanhassen, Minnesota
Chanhassen (/tʃænˈhæsən/ chan-HASS-ən) is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States, about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Minneapolis. The population was 25,947 at the 2020 census, with a 2024 estimate of 26,469. A small part of the city extends eastward into Hennepin County.

An outer southwestern suburb of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Chanhassen is one of the more recently developed cities in the region. Its population has grown by 123.5% since 1990. The city is home to the headquarters of Life Time Fitness and Prince's former estate, Paisley Park, which is now a museum.
Babban Gwani
Babban Gwani, also known as Mallam Mikhaila, was an influential 19th-century Hausa architect and builder who flourished during the reign of the 61st ruler of Zazzau, Nigeria, Abd al-Karim ɗan Abbas. He was the Sarkin Maigini (chief builder) of his time, appointed by Shehu Usman dan Fodio. This position was passed down to his direct male descendants.

Jihad of Usman dan Fodio
The  Jihad of  Usman dan Fodio (Hausa: Jihadin Usman dan Fodio; ListenⓘListenⓘ) was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.  The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students.

Usman dan Fodio assembled an Islamic army to lead a jihad against Gobir and other Hausa Kingdoms of northern Nigeria.  The forces of Usman dan Fodio slowly took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and executing Yunfa.  The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the 19th century. His success inspired similar jihads in Western Africa.
King of Mahjong
King of Mahjong is a 2015 Singaporean-Malaysian Chinese New Year comedy film directed by Adrian Teh and starring Chapman To, Mark Lee, Michelle Ye and Venus Wong. The film was theatrically released in Singapore on 19 February 2015 marked the first day of Chinese New Year, and in Malaysia on 26 February.

Eric Tsang
Eric Tsang Chi-wai MH (Chinese: 曾志偉; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, director, host, producer, and television executive, known for his versatility in both comedy and drama, as well as for hosting the long-running Super Trio variety show series. Since 2021, he has served as the general manager of TVB.
Euchroite
Euchroite is a hydrated copper arsenate hydroxide mineral with formula: Cu2AsO4OH·3H2O. It is a vitreous green to emerald green mineral crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5–4.0 and a specific gravity of 3.39–3.45. It was first described in 1823 in Ľubietová, Slovakia.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
Limen insulae
The limen insulae forms the junction point between anterior and posterior stem of the lateral sulcus. It is the lateral most limit of the anterior perforated substance and the starting point of the insular cortex.

The limen insulae translates as the threshold to the insula, and is the point at which the insular cortex is continuous with cortex over the amygdala and superior temporal gyrus.

Amygdala
The amygdala (/əˈmɪɡdələ/; pl.: amygdalae /əˈmɪɡdəli, -laɪ/ or amygdalas; also corpus amygdaloideum) is a paired  nuclear complex present in the cerebral hemispheres of vertebrates. It is considered part of the limbic system. In primates, it is located medially within the temporal lobes. It consists of many nuclei, each made up of further subnuclei. The subdivision most commonly made is into the basolateral, central, cortical, and medial nuclei together with the intercalated cell clusters. The amygdala has a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional responses (including fear, anxiety, and aggression). The amygdala was first identified and named by Karl Friedrich Burdach in 1822.
Alai (author)
Alai (Chinese: 阿来; pinyin: Ālái; Tibetan: ཨ་ལེ་, Wylie: a-le, ZWPY: Alê, Lhasa dialect: [ɑ́lè]; born 1959 in Sichuan Province) is a Chinese-language poet and novelist of Rgyalrong Tibetan descent. He is also a former editor of Science Fiction World.

Sylvia Li-chun Lin
Sylvia Li-chun Lin (Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese-born Chinese–English translator and a former associate professor of Chinese Literature at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Notre Dame. She has translated over a dozen novels with Howard Goldblatt.
Dace Reinika
Dace Reinika (born September 23, 1958) is a Latvian politician who was a deputy of the 10th Saeima and who was the last Chair of the Council of Tērvete Municipality from 2013 to 2021, when the municipality was merged into Dobele Municipality.

She was elected as a member of the Mūsu mājas ir te ('Our Home Is Here") electoral list, but is a member of the Latvian Farmers' Union.

In 2021, she was elected to the Dobele Municipality Council.

Dobele Municipality
Dobele Municipality (Latvian: Dobeles novads) is a municipality in the historical region of Zemgale, and the Zemgale Planning Region in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Dobele town and the Annenieki, Auri, Bērze, Biksti, Dobele, Jaunbērze, Krimūna, Naudīte, Penkule and Zebrene parishes, the administrative centre being Dobele. As of 2020, the population was 19,286.

On 1 July 2021, Dobele Municipality was enlarged when Auce Municipality and Tērvete Municipality were merged into it. It borders Lithuania.
Killipia
Killipia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae. It is now a synonym of Miconia Ruiz & Pav..

It is native range was Colombia and Ecuador.

The former genus name of Killipia was in honour of Ellsworth Paine Killip (1890–1968), an English painter and illustrator.
It was first published in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 52: 456 in 1925.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Carlo Nasi
Carlo dei baroni Nasi (19 September 1877 – 29 January 1935) was a sailor from Italy, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France. He married Aniceta Caterina (1889–1928) of the Agnelli family. She was daughter of Giovanni Agnelli, the founder of the Fiat automobile empire.

Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre
The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics program in Le Havre. A program of matches and semi-finals were scheduled. In case of a tie sail-off's would be held. 27 sailors, on 9 boats from 9 nations competed.
Thede Farmhouse
The Thede Farmhouse is a historic farmhouse in Northglenn, Colorado, United States.  Built in 1903, it is a Queen Anne house.  Today, the brick farmhouse is surrounded by modern development.  In 1998, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved architecture.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Canton of Les Forêts de Gascogne
The canton of Les Forêts de Gascogne is an administrative division of the Lot-et-Garonne department, southwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Casteljaloux.

It consists of the following communes:

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
Kenji Goto
Kenji Goto (後藤 健二, Gotō Kenji; 23 October 1967 – c. 31 January 2015) was a Japanese freelance video journalist covering wars and conflicts, refugees, poverty, AIDS, and child education around the world. In October 2014, he was captured and held hostage by Islamic State (IS) militants after entering Syria in the hopes of rescuing Japanese hostage Haruna Yukawa. On 31 January 2015, he was beheaded by his captors led by Kuwaiti-British militant Jihadi John following the breakdown of negotiations for his release.

Decapitation in Islam
Decapitation was a standard method of capital punishment in pre-modern Islamic law. By the end of the 20th century, its use had been abandoned in most countries. Decapitation is still a legal method of execution in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It is also a legal method for execution in Zamfara State, Nigeria under Sharia. In Iran, beheading was last used in 2001 according to Amnesty International, but it is no longer in use. In recent decades, extremist Salafi jihadist groups have used beheading as a method of killing captives and terror tactic.
Chatswood West
Chatswood West is a suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Chatswood West is located 11 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of the City of Willoughby and City of Ryde. Chatswood is a separate suburb to the east. The locality of Chatswood located west of the Pacific Highway is informally known as West Chatswood, and should not be confused with the separate suburb of Chatswood West, nor should it be confused with the West Chatswood Post Office on Railway Street in the suburb of Chatswood. Chatswood West shares the same postcode as Chatswood which is 2067.

Chatswood West is located between the bigger suburbs of Chatswood and North Ryde. It straddles the Lane Cove River, occupying the valley flats and ridges leading down to the river.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Kshamavani
Kshamavani (Sanskrit: Kṣamāvaṇī) or "Forgiveness Day" is a day of forgiving and seeking forgiveness for the followers of Jainism. Digambaras celebrate it on the first day of Ashvin Krishna month of the lunar-based Jain calendar. Śvētāmbaras celebrate it on Samvatsari, the last day of the annual Paryushana festival. which coincides with the Chaturthi, 4th day of Shukla Paksha in the holy month of Bhadra.  "Micchami Dukkadam" is the common phrase when asking for forgiveness. It is a Prakrit phrase meaning "May all the evil that has been done be fruitless".

Prakrit
Prakrit (/ˈprɑːkrɪt/ PRAH-krit) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 5th century BCE to the 12th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding Pali.

The oldest stage of Middle Indo-Aryan language is attested in the inscriptions of Ashoka (c. 260 BCE), as well as in the earliest forms of Pāli, the language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon. The most prominent form of Prakrit is Ardhamāgadhı̄, associated with the ancient kingdom of Magadha, in modern Bihar, and the subsequent Mauryan Empire. Mahāvīra, the 24th and last Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism, was born in Magadha, and the earliest Jain texts were composed in Ardhamāgadhı̄.