hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Devin Thomas
Devin Thomas (born November 15, 1986) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for the Michigan State Spartans, he was selected by the Washington Redskins in the second round of the 2008 NFL draft. He played for the Redskins from 2008 to 2010, the Carolina Panthers in 2010, and the New York Giants from 2010 to 2011. He was a member of the 2011-2012 Giants team that won Super Bowl XLVI, beating Tom Brady and the New England Patriots.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Operation Partridge
Operation Partridge was a British Commando raid during the Second World War. It was carried out during the Italian Campaign by No. 9 Commando as a diversionary raid behind the German lines, to cover the withdrawal of the X Corps in preparation for its proposed assault across the Garigliano river.

No. 9 Commando were landed on the north shore of the estuary by the Royal Navy during the night of 29/30 December 1943. They were 95 minutes late and 1,000 yards (910 m) away from their correct landing beach. The commando attacked several German positions before withdrawing across the river in DUKWs, apart from No.4 and No.6  troops who had to cross 2,700 yards (2,500 m) upriver by using ropes and swimming. The operation cost the commando nine killed but they did capture 29 prisoners.

X Corps (United Kingdom)
X Corps was a corps of the British Army that served in the First World War on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919. The corps was re-formed in 1942 during the Second World War and saw service in the North African Campaign and the Italian Campaign where it came under command of the US Fifth Army and the British Eighth Army.
Meirchion Gul
Meirchion Gul was probably a late 5th-century king of Rheged, a Brythonic realm in the area of Sub-Roman Britain known as the Hen Ogledd (in the North of England and Southern Scotland today).

Next to nothing is known about Meirchion, although his epithet means the Lean. He appears in the Middle Welsh genealogical text Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd as the son of the equally obscure Gwrwst Lledlwm, a grandson of Coel Hen, and grandfather of renowned Urien Rheged. He is assumed, like Urien, to have ruled Rheged, including Catterick. His two sons appear at the head of two later dynasties. Cynfarch Oer was Urien's father. Another son, Elidyr Lydanwyn (the Stout and Handsome), was the ruler of Rheged, according to the Gwynedd version of Hywel Dda's 'Welsh laws'. He was the father of Llywarch Hen.

Coel Hen
Coel (Old Welsh: Coil), also called Coel Hen (Coel the Old) and King Cole, is a figure prominent in Welsh literature and legend since the Middle Ages. Early Welsh tradition knew of a Coel Hen, a c. 4th-century leader in Roman or Sub-Roman Britain and the progenitor of several kingly lines in Yr Hen Ogledd (the Old North), a region of the Brittonic-speaking area of what is now northern England and southern Scotland.

Later medieval legend told of a Coel, apparently derived from Coel Hen. He was said to be the father of Saint Helena of Constantinople and through her the grandfather of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Although it is likely to be erroneously identifying Saint Helen of Caernarfon.

Other similarly named characters may be confused or conflated with the Welsh Coel. The legendary "King Coel" is sometimes supposed to be the historical basis for the popular nursery rhyme "Old King Cole", but this is unlikely.
Mucoromycotina
Mucoromycotina is a subphylum of uncertain placement in Fungi. It was considered part of the phylum Zygomycota, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that it was polyphyletic and thus split into several groups, it is now thought to be a paraphyletic grouping. Mucoromycotina is currently composed of 3 orders, 61 genera, and 325 species. Some common characteristics seen throughout the species include: development of coenocytic mycelium, saprotrophic lifestyles, and filamentous.

With the treatment of Tedersoo et al. 2018, Mucoromycotina is the only subphylum under Mucoromycota. It includes a diverse group of various molds, including the common bread molds Mucor and Rhizopus. The other treatment of Mucoromycota is equivalent to current Mucoromyceta.

Mucor
Mucor is a microbial genus of approximately 40 species of molds and dimorphic fungi in the family Mucoraceae. The genus includes both pathogenic and avirulent species, and some members of it can be utilized in biotechnical applications. These fungi are commonly found in soil, digestive systems, plant surfaces, some cheeses like Tomme de Savoie, rotten vegetable matter and iron oxide residue in the biosorption process.
Popielina
Popielina [pɔpjɛˈlina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Lututów, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Lututów
Lututów [luˈtutuf] is a small town in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lututów. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) east of Wieruszów and 85 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The town has a population of 2,241 (2020).
Devonshire Meadows, Alberta
Devonshire Meadows is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within Parkland County that is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the north side of Township Road 511, 4 km (2.5 mi) west of Highway 60.

Parkland County
Parkland County is a municipal district in central Alberta, Canada. Located west of Edmonton in Census Division No. 11, its municipal office, Parkland County Centre, is located 0.25 km (0.16 mi) north of the Town of Stony Plain on Highway 779.
Howard Davidson
Howard Davidson is a composer of music for film, television, radio and the theatre.

Davidson has over 300 scores to his credit, many in collaboration with noted documentary maker Michael Wood and made for the BBC and PBS.  His orchestral scores have been performed by the BBC Concert Orchestra, and both the Royal Philharmonic and Philharmonia Orchestras. Radio credits include Iris Murdoch's Under the Net, Nabokov's Laughter in the Dark and Terre Haute by Edmund White. For television, recent productions include Titanic-Birth of a Legend and Michael Wood's In Search of Shakespeare, In Search of Myths & Heroes and more recently The Story of India.

He is a Professor of Composition for Screen at the Royal College of Music, London.

Laughter in the Dark (novel)
Laughter in the Dark (Original Russian title: Ка́мера обску́ра, Camera obscura) is a novel written by Vladimir Nabokov and serialised in Sovremennye zapiski in 1932.

The first English translation, Camera Obscura, was made by Winifred Roy and published in London in 1936 by Johnathan Long, the paperback imprint of Hutchinson Publishing, with the author credited as Vladimir Nabokoff-Sirin.  Nabokov was so displeased by the translation's quality that he undertook his own, which was published in 1938 under the now common name, Laughter in the Dark.  It is sometimes mistakenly assumed that he was not fond of the book, yet in fact it was based on very personal breakthroughs in his life.

The book deals with a middle-aged man who leaves his wife for a younger woman, who doesn't love him but enjoys the lifestyle he can give her, with terrible consequences for the man.
Thomas Peterffy
Thomas Peterffy (born September 30, 1944) is a Hungarian-born American billionaire businessman. He is the founder, chairman and the largest shareholder of Interactive Brokers. As of November 2025, his estimated net worth is US$57.3 billion, making him the 27th richest person in the world.

Peterffy worked as an architectural draftsman after emigrating to the United States, and later became a computer programmer. In 1977, he purchased a seat on the American Stock Exchange and played a role in developing the first electronic trading platform for securities.

Peterffy is a donor to the Republican Party and conservative causes.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Isaac J. Kvam
Isaac J. Kvam (January 28, 1864 – February 14, 1917) was an American Lutheran minister and elected official.

Isaac J. Kvam was born at Sjølstad in the district of Namdalen, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. At age 19, Kvam emigrated to the United States in 1883. Kvam went to Luther College in Decorah, Iowa and Luther Seminary in Robbinsdale, Minnesota. He was ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1893 and was pastor of a church in Seattle, Washington from 1893 to 1895. In 1895, Kvam moved to Rice Lake, Wisconsin and was pastor of the Norwegian Synod Church. In 1911, Kvam retired from the ministry because of ill health. In 1917, Kvam served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican legislator representing Barron
County. He died in a hospital in Madison, Wisconsin, while still in office, of a blood clot, as a result from having oral surgery to remove an abscessed tooth. C. A. Beggs succeeded him.

Luther College (Iowa)
Luther College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Decorah, Iowa, United States. Established as a Lutheran seminary in 1861 by Norwegian immigrants, the school today is an institution of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The upper campus was listed as the Luther College Campus Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.
Priestland
Priestland is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It has a population of 121 (Census 2001) and lies on the A71, around two miles west of Loudoun Hill, ten miles east of Kilmarnock and twenty miles south of Glasgow. It is situated in a valley through which the River Irvine runs and alongside the burghs of Galston, Newmilns and Darvel (with which it borders), forms an area known as the Upper Irvine Valley (locally referred to as The Valley).

A71 road
The A71 is a major road in Scotland linking Edinburgh with Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. It adjoins the Livingston Bypass A899.

It runs south west from Edinburgh for approximately 70 miles, through Saughton, Wilkieston and south of Livingston, Whitburn and Wishaw, then by way of Overtown, Garrion Bridge, Stonehouse, Strathaven, Darvel, Newmilns, Galston, Hurlford and Kilmarnock to Irvine on the North Ayrshire coast.

Formerly a trunk route from the east to the west coast of Scotland it has since been downgraded to a mix of primary and secondary routes. From Edinburgh to Darvel, it is now a secondary route, in a poor state of repair in some places. But, from Darvel to Irvine, it has retained its primary route status.
Turtle Island (book)
Turtle Island is a book of poems and essays written by Gary Snyder and published by New Directions in 1974. The writings express Snyder's vision for humans to live in harmony with the earth and all its creatures. The book was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1975. "Turtle Island" is a name for the continent of North America used by many Native American tribes.

1975 Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes for 1975, the 59th annual prizes, were ratified by the Pulitzer Prize advisory board on April 11, 1975, and by the trustees of Columbia University on May 5. For the first time, the role of accepting or rejecting recommendations of the advisory board was delegated by the trustees to the university's president, William J. McGill; the change was prompted by the desire of the trustees to distance themselves from the appearance of approval of controversial awards based on work involving what some considered to be illegal leaks, such as the 1972 Pulitzer Prize awarded for the publication of the Pentagon Papers.

It was also the first year that the prize for editorial cartooning went to a comic strip artist (Garry Trudeau, writer/artist of Doonesbury), and the first year that a film critic won a Pulitzer (Roger Ebert). Dumas Malone, 83, become the prize's oldest recipient.
Elachista subocellea
Elachista subocellea is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Romania and from Ireland to Poland.

The wingspan is 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in).Differs from E. collitella as follows : forewings whiter, costa not distinctly fuscous towards base, plical and second discal stigmata sometimes distinct, black.

Adults are on wing from June to July.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Allographa leptospora
Allographa leptospora is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is characterized by its whitish thallus and distinctive reproductive structures with parallel striations. First described in 1921 by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio as Graphis leptospora based on specimens collected from Thailand, the species was later reclassified into the genus Allographa in 2018. This predominantly tropical lichen contains norstictic acid, producing a yellow-to-red chemical reaction when tested. Though historically known only from tropical regions, it was discovered in Portugal in 2016—its first documented occurrence in Europe—where it grows in oak forests at various elevations. Its appearance in Europe may be linked to climate change creating favourable conditions for tropical species to establish in certain European microclimates.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Palace of Valsain
The Royal Palace of Valsain (Spanish: Palacio Real de Valsain) is a former Spanish royal residence, which is now in ruins. It is located in Valsain in the Province of Segovia, in the Castile and León Autonomous region of central Spain. It is approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Segovia, and 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of Madrid.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
South Branch Little Dead Diamond River
The South Branch of the Little Dead Diamond River is a 4.3-mile-long (6.9 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Little Dead Diamond River, located in the Androscoggin River watershed of Maine and New Hampshire.

The river rises in the township of Dix's Grant on the eastern slopes of Crystal Mountain, a 7-mile-long (11 km) ridge. The river flows northeast into the Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant, then joins the Little Dead Diamond in the Dartmouth College Grant.

Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant, New Hampshire
Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. It was granted by the state legislature to Gilmanton Academy and Atkinson Academy in equal shares in 1809 and contained approximately 19,000 acres (77 km2). It was later expanded by annexation of previously ungranted land to the west. The population was zero as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).
Stephen Deusner
Stephen M. Deusner is an American music critic and part-time record store clerk who lives in Bloomington, Indiana. A native of Tennessee, he has contributed to Pitchfork Media (including the Pitchfork 500), Salon, CMT, American Songwriter, Paste, eMusic, and the Village Voice, among other publications. He has also contributed an essay about Okkervil River and unreliable narrators to the 2011 book The Poetics of American Song Lyrics, published by the University Press of Mississippi.

The Pitchfork 500
The Pitchfork 500: Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to the Present is a book compiling the greatest songs from 1977 to 2006, published in 2008 by Pitchfork Media. The book focuses on specific genres including indie rock, hip-hop, electronic, pop, metal, and experimental underground. The book is broken down into 9 chronological periods, each period beginning with a description of the music scene before the featured artists, and how those artists changed the music scene. Time described the book as having "42 critics to cover 30 years of music, from 1977 punk to 2006 crunk, and all the starry-eyed, acoustic acts in between."
Jorun Solheim
Jorun Solheim (born 18 November 1944) is a Norwegian social anthropologist and women's studies academic, whose work is centered on gender, culture and modernity.

She was lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Oslo from 1971 to 1983, Researcher at the Work Research Institute from 1981 to 2001 and Professor at the Centre for Women's Studies at the University of Oslo from 1994 to 1999. She is currently Senior Researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Social Research. In 2007, she became editor-in-chief of Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning. She has a mag.art. (i.e. PhD) degree in social anthropology from 1970.

Norwegian Institute for Social Research
The Institute for Social Research (Norwegian: Institutt for samfunnsforskning, ISF) is an independent social science research institute based in Oslo, Norway.

It was founded in 1950 by Vilhelm Aubert, Arne Næss, Eirik Rinde, and Stein Rokkan. It publishes the journal Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning.

The institute is organized into three research groups, each with its own research director. They are  Politics, democracy and civil society (led by Johannes Bergh), Working life and welfare (led by Kjersti Misje Østbakken), and Gender equality, integration and migration (led by Jan-Paul Brekke). In addition, the institute has two affiliated research centers: Center for Research on Voluntary Sector and Civil Society and CORE - Center for Research on Gender Equality. In total, the institute has 65 employees.
Serinol
Serinol is the organic compound with the formula H2NCH(CH2OH)2.  A colorless solid, it is classified both as an amino alcohol and as a diol.  It is structurally related to glycerol.  Its name reflects the compound's relationship to the amino acid serine, from which it can be produced by hydrogenation. Other amino alcohols derived from amino acids: alaninol, leucinol, tyrosinol.

Biosynthetically, it is derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate.  It can be prepared in several steps starting with the condensation of nitromethane with two equivalents of formaldehyde.

An N,O-protected form of serinol can be produced from serine.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is the anion with the formula HOCH2C(O)CH2OPO32-.  This anion is involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis. It is the phosphate ester of dihydroxyacetone.
Lopidea major
Lopidea major, the Red Mountain laurel mirid, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.  It is a frequently-encountered pest of the Texas Mountain Laurel, though they apparently do little real damage.

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum
Dermatophyllum secundiflorum is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae that is native to the Southwestern United States (Texas, New Mexico) and Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Hidalgo, Puebla, and Querétaro). Its common names include Texas mountain laurel, Texas mescalbean, frijolito, and frijolillo.
Niels Claussøn Senning
Niels Claussøn Senning (c. 1580 – 1617) was a Danish/Norwegian Lutheran Bishop.

Senning was born in Helsingør, Denmark. He studied at the University of Copenhagen, traveled as an eighteen year old abroad and received an enrollment at the University of Heidelberg in 1598. In 1606, he married Elline Winstrup), daughter of Peder Jensen Vinstrup (1549-1614), Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand. He served parish priest of Vor Frue Kirke in Copenhagen. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Oslo from 1608 to 1617. He is known for his participation in the expulsion of secret Roman Catholic priests in the diocese and was called in his own time "The Evil Bishop". He died in Oslo in 1617.

Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen
The Church of Our Lady (Danish: Vor Frue Kirke) is the Lutheran cathedral of Copenhagen. It is situated on the Frue Plads public square in central Copenhagen, next to the historic main building of the University of Copenhagen.

The present-day version of the church was designed by the architect Christian Frederik Hansen (1756–1845) in the Neoclassical style and was completed in 1829.