hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict
The Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict started in late October 2014, during the Syrian Civil War, in Idlib and Aleppo governorates, during which Al-Nusra attempted to establish an Islamic state rival to that of IS. Despite this, the Al-Nusra Front and Free Syrian Army factions continued to cooperate in the southern Syrian governorates of Quneitra and Daraa.

Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.
Top Chef: Charleston
Top Chef: Charleston is the fourteenth season of the American reality television series Top Chef. The season was announced by Bravo on October 13, 2016, which premiered on December 1, 2016, and concluded on March 2, 2017. Filming initially took place in Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in May 2016, while the season's final episodes were filmed in areas across Mexico, including Guadalajara and the Yucatán Peninsula. Top Chef: Charleston featured eight new contestants competing against eight returning contestants from previous seasons. MasterChef and Top Chef Masters alumnus Graham Elliot debuted as a recurring judge, alongside returning judges Padma Lakshmi, Tom Colicchio, and Gail Simmons. In the season finale, Top Chef: Seattle runner-up Brooke Williamson was declared the winner over Top Chef: New Orleans finalist Shirley Chung. Top Chef: Seattle finalist Sheldon Simeon was voted Fan Favorite, his second Fan Favorite win.

Top Chef Masters
Top Chef Masters is an American reality competition series that aired on the cable television network Bravo between June 10, 2009 and September 25, 2013. A spinoff of Bravo's hit show Top Chef, the show was produced by Magical Elves and mostly filmed in Los Angeles. Professional chefs competed to win $100,000, an amount won by Rick Bayless, Marcus Samuelsson, Floyd Cardoz, Chris Cosentino, and Douglas Keane. A combination of Stone, James Oseland, Gael Greene, Jay Rayner, Gail Simmons, Ruth Reichl, Krista Simmons, Francis Lam, and Lesley Suter judged each series, while Kelly Choi hosted the first two series and Curtis Stone hosted the final three.
2012 Arkansas Issue 1
Arkansas Constitutional Amendment 91 (known as Issue 1 prior to passage) amended the Constitution of Arkansas to raise sales tax in Arkansas from 6.0% to 6.5% for 10 years to pay for improvements to the Arkansas Highway System. It was referred by the Arkansas General Assembly to voters (legislative referral), and approved by voters during the November 6, 2012 election.

Legislative referral
A legislative referral (or legislative referendum) is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum, authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.

An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") initiative that is initiated from the public. With initiated statutes and amendments, voters both initiate and decide on the change of law. In a legislative referral, they only approve or reject laws which their legislature votes to place before them.
Allegory in Renaissance literature
Allegory is used extensively in Renaissance literature. Developing from the use of allegory in the Middle Ages, Renaissance literature exhibits an increased emphasis on courtly love, sometimes abandoning intelligibility for deliberately unintelligible allegories.

The early modern theory of allegory is discussed in Sir John Harington's Apology for Poetry (included in his translation of Ariosto's Orlando furioso, 1591).

John Harington (writer)
Sir John Harington (4 August 1560 – 20 November 1612), of Kelston, Somerset, England, but born in London, was an English courtier, author and translator popularly known as the inventor of the flush toilet. He became prominent at Queen Elizabeth I's court, and was known as her "saucy Godson", but his poetry and other writings caused him to fall in and out of favour with the Queen. He was the author of the description of a flush-toilet forerunner installed in his Kelston house, appearing in A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, called the Metamorphosis of Ajax (1596), a political allegory and coded attack on the monarchy which is nowadays his best-known work.
Bert Gower
Herbert Henry Gower (26 March 1899 – 23 August 1959), sometimes known as Nobby Gower, was an English amateur footballer and cricketer. As a footballer, he made two appearances in the Football League for Brentford and then embarked on a 10-year career in amateur football. Gower later opened the batting and kept wicket for Hayes Cricket Club.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Manjit Singh Mianwind
Manjit Singh Manna Mianwind is an Indian politician and belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly and represented Baba Bakala Assembly constituency. He joined the BJP before 2022 Punjab election and received ticket from Baba Bakala as a BJP candidate. In April 2024, he was named as the BJP candidate for Khadoor Sahib in the ensuing 2024 Indian general election in Punjab.

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022. Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.
Telmar (company)
Telmar is a multinational SaaS media technology company headquartered in New York City providing media planning, data analytic services to advertising and media FTSE 100, FTSE 250, Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 companies and broadcasters including the BBC, Canal+, Discovery and EuroSport. The company was founded in 1968 and operates in North America, EMEA and APAC.

Telmar’s SaaS provide the media and advertising sector with tools to analyse large amounts of data and plan campaigns through advanced targeting, analysis, and reporting, data integration and visualization, media/multi media campaign planning, custom data loading and consultative data integration services such as multibasing across audio, video, out-of-home advertising and digital.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Monument of the War of Independence
The Äksi Monument of the War of Independence is a monument commemorating the Estonian War of Independence (Estonian: Vabadussõda) from 1918 to 1920. It is located in Tartu Parish in the village of Voldi, near the northern end of the village of Äksi where the road Äksi-Kukulinna joins the road Tartu-Jogeva-Aravete.

Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, and War of Freedom  in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr. The campaign was the struggle of the newly established democratic state of Estonia for independence in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for Estonia and was concluded in the 1920 Treaty of Tartu.
Thimmamma Marrimanu
14°1′40.80″N 78°19′30.37″E﻿ / ﻿14.0280000°N 78.3251028°E﻿ / 14.0280000; 78.3251028Thimmamma Marrimanu (Telugu: తిమ్మమ్మ మర్రిమాను, lit. 'Thimmamma's Banyan Tree') is a banyan tree in Anantapur, located about 25 kilometers from Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is probably a specimen of Ficus benghalensis. In the Telugu language, "marri" denotes "banyan" and "manu" denotes "trunk". Its canopy covers 19,107 m2 (4.721 acres), and it was recorded as the largest tree specimen in the world in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1989. The tree is revered by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.

Kadiri
Kadiri is a major city in Sri Sathya Sai District the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a Special Grade Municipal City Council and headquarters of Kadiri Mandal and Kadiri Revenue Division. Kadiri Taluka ('Mandalam') was the largest taluk in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Kadiri is known for its jasmine and saffron flowers. Kadiri saffron is widely sold in Andhra and Karnataka. The Sri Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy Temple is reminiscent of Kadiri to the people of Karnataka, Telangana And Tamil Nadu. The name of Kadiri has also some interesting past. The town was initially named as Khadripuram (Telugu: ఖాద్రీపురం) as khadara plants were found in the surrounding forests.
LeRoy Battle
LeRoy Battle (December 31, 1921 – March 28, 2015) was a World War II pilot, teacher, and jazz musician. He was a Tuskegee Airman and one of the African American officers involved in the Freeman Field Mutiny.

Freeman Field mutiny
The Freeman Field mutiny was a series of incidents at Freeman Army Airfield, a United States Army Air Forces base near Seymour, Indiana, in 1945 in which African American members of the 477th Bombardment Group attempted to integrate an all-white officers' club. The mutiny resulted in 162 separate arrests of black officers, some of them twice. Three were court-martialed on relatively minor charges. One, Roger C. Terry, was convicted. In 1995, the Air Force officially vindicated the actions of the African-American officers, set aside the single court-martial conviction and removed letters of reprimand from the permanent files of 15 of the officers. The mutiny is generally regarded by historians of the Civil Rights Movement as an important step toward full integration of the armed forces and as a model for later efforts to integrate public facilities through civil disobedience.
Pulau Hantu
Pulau Hantu is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. Pulau Hantu is actually made up of two islets: Pulau Hantu Besar (Big Ghost Island) and Pulau Hantu Kechil (Little Ghost Island), with a total area of 12.6 hectares. At low tide, it is possible to wade across the shallow lagoon between the two islands, but not at high tide.

Singapore Strait
The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi) strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait.

It includes Keppel Harbour and many small islands. The strait provides the deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore, which makes it very busy. Approximately 2,000 merchant ships traverse the waters on a daily basis in 2017. The depth of the Singapore Strait limits the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca, and the Malaccamax ship class.
1978 Washington Huskies football team
The 1978 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Under fourth-year head coach Don James, the team compiled a 7–4 record, tied for second in the Pacific-10 Conference, and outscored its opponents 270 to 155. Linebacker Michael Jackson was selected as the team's most valuable player. The team captains were Jackson, Nesby Glasgow, Scott Greenwood, and Jeff Toews.

In the newly-expanded Pac-10, the defending champion Huskies returned eighteen starters, but not at quarterback. Washington defeated the two new members, Arizona and Arizona State, and did not play California. The two losses were to UCLA and USC, and the Huskies defeated Washington State in the Apple Cup for the fifth consecutive year.

An unexpected non-conference loss at unranked Indiana in September likely kept Washington out of a bowl game.

1978 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1978 Arizona Wildcats football team season represented the University of Arizona in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season.  In their second season under head coach Tony Mason, the Wildcats compiled a 5–6 record (3–4 against Pac-10 opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the Pac-10, and outscored their opponents, 245 to 205.  The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona. This is the first year in which Arizona, along with rival Arizona State, joined the Pac-10 (previously the Pac-8 prior to both Arizona schools’ joining the conference).

The team's statistical leaders included Jim Krohn with 991 passing yards, Hubert Oliver with 866 rushing yards, and Ron Beyer with 296 receiving yards. Linebacker Sam Giangardella led the team with 131 total tackles.
Allison McKenzie
Allison McKenzie  is a Scottish actress from Glasgow. As a youngster she went to The Mitchell Theatre for Youth and discovered her love of acting. She trained at Edinburgh’s Queen Margaret University's School of Drama. She worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company in their 2016/2017 season at Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon.

Queen Margaret University
Queen Margaret University is a public university in Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. It is named after the Scottish Queen Saint Margaret (1045–1093).

The university can trace its origins to The Edinburgh School of Cookery and Domestic Economy founded in 1875. Queen Margaret University College was awarded full university status becoming Queen Margaret University in January 2007.
N-Butylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C4H9.  Of two isomers of butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene consists of a phenyl group attached to the 1 position of a butyl group.  It is a slightly greasy, colorless liquid.

The synthesis of n-butylbenzene by the reaction of chlorobenzene and butylmagnesium bromide was one of the first demonstrations of the Kumada coupling using nickel diphosphine catalysts.  This mild and efficient process contrasted with older methods.

Diphosphane
Diphosphane, or diphosphine, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula P2H4.  This colourless liquid is one of several binary phosphorus hydrides.  It is the impurity that typically causes samples of phosphine to ignite in air.
Anne Abeillé
Anne Abeillé (born 13 September 1962 in Paris) is a French linguist specialising in French grammar and syntactic theory, in particular constraint-based grammar, as well as natural language processing. She led the creation of the French Treebank, the first syntactically-annotated corpus of French.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Beaver Main Post Office
The Beaver Main Post Office, in Beaver, Utah, was built in 1941.  It reflects Moderne architecture and Colonial Revival architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as U.S. Post Office — Beaver Main.

It is a buff-colored brick building with a copper-clad hipped roof.

Moderne architecture
Moderne architecture, also sometimes referred to as Style Moderne, Art Moderne, or simply Moderne, Jazz Age Moderne, jazz modern or Jazz Style, describes certain styles of architecture popular from 1925 through the 1940s. It is closely related to Art Deco.
The Block season 20
The twentieth season of Australian reality television series The Block premiered on 12 August 2024 on the Nine Network.  Hosts Scott Cam and Shelley Craft, Dan Reilly takes over being site foremen from Keith Schleiger as he was unable to move to Phillip Island full time, and judges Shaynna Blaze and Darren Palmer, all returning from the previous season, with Marty Fox taking over judging from Neale Whitaker.

Shelley Craft
Shelley Craft (born 21 June 1976) is an Australian television personality.

She is most well known for her long-running presenting roles on the Seven Network programs Saturday Disney from 1996 until 2002, and The Great Outdoors from 2002 until 2007.

From 2008 to present she has been working for the Nine Network on a number of programs, most notably as host of Australia's Funniest Home Video Show, Domestic Blitz, The Block, Reno Rumble and Your Domain.

In 2013, she presented the 'Saturday Showdown' edition of Big Brother Australia. Craft is an ambassador for online travel agency TripADeal.
Julien Léon Loizillon
Julien Loizillon (15 January 1829, in Paris – 3 May 1899, at Dammarie-lès-Lys), was a French general and politician.

He was Minister of War from  January 11, 1893 to April 3, 1893 in the government of Alexandre Ribot and from April 4, 1893 to December 3, 1893 in the government of Charles Dupuy

Dammarie-lès-Lys
Dammarie-lès-Lys (French pronunciation: [damaʁi le lis] ⓘ; officially Dammarie-les-Lys) is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region 43.3 km (26.9 mi) from the center of Paris.
Clare Belfrage
Clare Belfrage (born 1966) is an Australian glass artist based in Adelaide, South Australia. Working at both JamFactory and her own home studio along with fellow glass artist and life partner Tim Edwards, she has exhibited her work around the world. She has also given workshops and instruction at numerous events and institutions, and as of May 2025 is an adjunct professor at the University of South Australia. She has won the prestigious Tom Malone Prize at the Art Gallery of Western Australia twice.

Corning Museum of Glass
The Corning Museum of Glass is a museum in Corning, New York, United States, dedicated to the art, history, and science of glass. It was founded in 1951 by Corning Glass Works and currently has a collection of more than 50,000 glass objects, some over 3,500 years old.
Bienvenido al Sueño
Bienvenido al Sueño is a 2006 studio album released by Sizu Yantra, a pseudonym used by Mexican musician Rubén Albarrán, best known as the frontman of the alternative rock band Café Tacvba. The album is a collaboration with his wife, credited as Psykini (Amanda Pascual).

It was released during a hiatus of Café Tacvba, during which the band members dispersed to work on personal artistic projects.

Café Tacuba
Café Tacuba (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈfe taˈkuβa]) (stylized as Café Tacvba) is a Mexican rock band formed in 1989 in Naucalpan de Juárez, State of Mexico. The group gained popularity in the early 1990s. They were founded in 1989, before they had the current lineup of Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Emmanuel del Real Díaz (keyboards, piano, programming, rhythm guitar, melodica, vocals), José Alfredo "Joselo" Rangel Arroyo (lead guitar, vocals), and Enrique "Quique" Rangel Arroyo (bass guitar, electric upright bass, vocals), their friend Roberto Silva played the keyboards for a short period of time. Since the Cuatro Caminos World Tour, Luis "El Children" Ledezma has played the drums in every concert but is not considered an official member of the band, as well as Ramiro Del Real Díaz, who joined the band as a support musician playing the guitar since 2015.
Blooming Grove United Church of Christ
Blooming Grove United Church of Christ, also known just as Blooming Grove Church and formerly known as The Congregational Church of Blooming Grove, is located at the junction of Old Dominion Road and NY 94 in the town of Blooming Grove, between the villages of Chester and Washingtonville in Orange County, New York, United States. It is a plain white Federal style building, notable for lacking the steeple or cupola commonly found on churches.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
Angelika Schafferer
Angelika Schafferer (born 1960) is an Austrian luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. She won the bronze medal in the women's singles event at the 1978 FIL World Luge Championships in Imst, Austria.

Schafferer also competed in three Winter Olympics in women's singles, earning her best finish of seventh at Lake Placid, New York, in 1980.

She won the overall women's singles Luge World Cup title three times (1978-9, 1979–80, 1980–1).

Imst
Imst (German: [ɪmst] ⓘ; Southern Bavarian: Imscht) is a town in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. It lies on the River Inn in western Tyrol, some 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Innsbruck and at an altitude of 828 metres (2,717 feet) above sea level. With a current population (2018) of 10,504, Imst is the administrative centre of Imst District.