hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.

Krishna River
The Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau is the third-longest in India, after the Ganga and Godavari. It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called the Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and flows for 282 kilometres in Maharashtra. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Chakrapani Shukla
Chakrapani Shukla (2 April 1916 – 1992) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Madhya  Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.

Shukla died in 1992.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Dirk Jackson
Dirk Cloete Jackson (21 April 1885 – 17 September 1976) was a South African rugby union player and cricketer.

Jackson was born on a farm on the outskirts of Cape Town and was educated nearby at Diocesan College. A halfback, he played three of the five international matches on the Springboks' first tour of the British Isles in 1906–07. He was the last survivor of that touring team.

Jackson played first-class cricket for Western Province and Transvaal from 1909 to 1913. He was a member of the Western Province team that won all three matches in the 1908–09 Currie Cup and finished first. He took his best bowling figures during the season: 4 for 36 and 2 for 20 in the innings victory over Eastern Province. He made his highest score of 59 against Orange Free State two years later.

He died at his farm near Pretoria in 1976, aged 91.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
1901 in birding and ornithology
Events relating to birding and ornithology that occurred in 1901 include:

The description of the blue-wattled bulbul, Cape Verde swift, Solomons frogmouth, Colima pygmy-owl, fearful owl, green-breasted pitta and waterfall swift, Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise.

Fearful owl
The fearful owl (Asio solomonensis) is a medium-sized owl endemic to the Solomon Islands archipelago. It is generally seen at elevations of up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level, where it is found in tall lowland or hill forests.
2002 Australian Open – Men's singles
Thomas Johansson defeated Marat Safin in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2002 Australian Open. It was his first and only major title. Johansson was the first Swede to win a major since Stefan Edberg in 1992.

Andre Agassi was the two-time reigning champion, but did not participate due to a wrist injury.

The 2002 edition of the Australian Open marked the first time that the top two seeds lost in the first round, and the first such occurrence of this at any major since the 1990 French Open. Top seed (and home favorite) Lleyton Hewitt lost to Alberto Martín, while second seed Gustavo Kuerten lost to Julien Boutter.

1992 US Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5), 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1992 US Open. It was his second US Open singles title and sixth and last major singles title overall.

The semifinal between Edberg and Michael Chang lasted 5 hours and 26 minutes, the longest tennis match in the Open Era at the time.

This tournament marked the last appearance in a singles major for two former world No. 1s: seven-time major singles champion John McEnroe and eight-time major singles champion Jimmy Connors. Both were defeated by world No. 1 players themselves: McEnroe lost to Jim Courier in the fourth round, while Connors lost to Ivan Lendl in the second round. This was Connors and Lendl's 35th and final professional meeting; Lendl won to end their head-to-head at 22–13 in his favor.
Scientific glassblowing
Scientific glassblowing is a specialty field of lampworking used in industry, science, art and design used in research and production. Scientific glassblowing has been used in chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic and physics research including Galileo's thermometer, Thomas Edison's light bulb, and vacuum tubes used in early radio, TV and computers. More recently, the field has helped advance fiber optics, lasers, atomic and subatomic particle research, advanced communications development and semiconductors. The field combined hand skills using lathes and torches with modern computer assisted furnaces, diamond grinding and lapping machines, lasers and ultra-sonic mills.

Torch
A torch is a stick with combustible material at one end which can be used as a light source or to set something on fire. Torches have been used throughout history and are still used in processions, symbolic and religious events, and in juggling and entertainment. In some countries, notably the United Kingdom and Australia, "torch" in modern usage is also the term for a battery-operated portable light.
Spyck–Welle train ferry
The Spyck–Welle train ferry was a train ferry on the Rhine between Spyck on the left (southern) bank and Welle on the right bank in the lower Rhine region of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was established in 1865 by the Rhenish Railway Company on the Lower Left Rhine line from Cologne to Neuss, Krefeld, Cleves, Elten, Zevenaar and the Dutch North Sea ports.

Neuss
Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] ⓘ; written Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnʏs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city", and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.
North Beacon Street Bridge
The North Beacon Street Bridge is a bridge carrying North Beacon Street (U.S. Route 20) over the Charles River between Watertown, MA and Brighton, Boston, MA.  It was built in 1917.

The southern end of the bridge is also at the western terminus Birmingham Parkway (and the extension of Soldiers Field Road, not built until 1935, itself an extension of Storrow Drive), while its northern end is at the western terminus of Greenough Boulevard, an extension of Memorial Drive.

The North Beacon Street carried by this bridge is not the same street as the well-known Beacon Street in Boston.

Beacon Street
Beacon Street is a major east–west street in Boston, Massachusetts, and its western suburbs of Brookline and Newton. It passes through many of Boston's central and western neighborhoods, including Beacon Hill, Back Bay, Fenway–Kenmore, the Boston University campus, Brighton, and Chestnut Hill.

It is not to be confused with the Beacon Street in nearby Somerville or others elsewhere.
Santa Maria della Misericordia, Bologna
Santa Maria della Misericordia is a Renaissance-style Roman Catholic church located on Piazza di Porta Castiglione #4 in Bologna, region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. It stands adjacent to the Giardini Margherita and Viale Giovanni Gozzadini.

A church at this site, outside of the city walls, was rebuilt in 1432 by the Olivetan order. The church was then acquired by an Augustinian order of Friars, who added the portico in the late 15th-century. The interior houses works by various important artists including a fresco (moved to canvas) depicting the Madonna dell'Umiltà (1397) by Lippo di Dalmasio. There are also works by Bartolommeo Ramenghi (il Bagnacavallo), Bartolomeo Cesi, Vincenzo Spisanelli, Ubaldo Gandolfi and Francesco Francia.

Ubaldo Gandolfi
Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728–1781) was an Italian painter, draughtsman and sculptor of the late-Baroque period, mainly active in and near Bologna.  He is known for his biblical, mythological and allegorical subjects as well as his portraits and nudes.
Ubaldo and his brother Gaetano were during their lifetime among the first and most celebrated artists of Italy. This fame was gained by the excellent quality of their works, which lead to many and important commissions they had from courts and countries all over Europe.
Conexibacter stalactiti
Conexibacter stalactiti is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus Conexibacter which has been isolated from stalactites from a lava cave in Jeju in Korea.

Stalactite
A stalactite (UK: /ˈstæləkˌtaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from Ancient Greek  σταλακτός (stalaktós) 'dripping', from  σταλάσσειν (stalássein) 'to drip') is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines. Any material that is soluble and that can be deposited as a colloid, or is in suspension, or is capable of being melted, may form a stalactite. Stalactites may be composed of lava, minerals, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats). A stalactite is not necessarily a speleothem, though speleothems are the most common form of stalactite because of the abundance of limestone caves.

The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.
Ancylosis costistrigella
Ancylosis costistrigella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Ragonot, in 1890, and is known from the Canary Islands., Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Israel, Iran, Afghanistan, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Sudan.

The larvae feed on Salvia aegyptiaca.

Émile Louis Ragonot
Émile Louis Ragonot (12 October 1843 – 13 October 1895) was a French entomologist.  In 1885, he became president of the Société entomologique de France.

He named 301 new genera of butterflies and moths, mostly pyralid moths.

He is also the author of several books:

Diagnoses of North American Phycitidae and Galleriidae (1887) published in Paris

(in French) Nouveaux genres et espèces de Phycitidae & Galleriidae (1888)

(in French) Essai sur une classification des Pyralites (1891-1892)

(in French) Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. pp. 1–602 In N.M. Romanoff. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères. Tome VIII. N.M. Romanoff, Saint-Petersbourg. xli + 602 pp. (1901)

Ragonot's collection can be found in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
Competence (human resources)
Competence is the set of demonstrable personal characteristics at a high level with consistency and minimal difficulty. Competency in human resources is  a series of knowledge, abilities, skills, experiences and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an individual's activities. Competency is measurable and can be developed through training. It can also be broken down into smaller criteria.
Some scholars see "competence" as an aspect that can be developed through training because it is a combination of practical & theoretical knowledge which involves cognitive skills, behavior, and values used to improve performance. Competency is the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, possessing the ability to perform a specific, measurable job. For instance, competency needed for management, depending on the sector, might include system thinking and emotional intelligence, as well as skills in influence and negotiation.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Mariana Rojas
Mariana Rojas is a Venezuelan freestyle wrestler. She won the silver medal in the women's 50 kg event at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia. She also won the silver medal in her event at the 2022 South American Games held in Asunción, Paraguay.

2022 Bolivarian Games
The 2022 Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos), officially the XIX Bolivarian Games Valledupar 2022, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Valledupar, Colombia from June 24 to July 5. It was the fifth time of the event in Colombia.
First Stripes
First Stripes (French: Premières armes) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Jean-François Caissy and released in 2018. The film profiles a group of Canadian Armed Forces recruits  commencing basic training.

The film had its world premiere at the 2018 Berlin International Film Festival, and its Canadian premiere at the 2018 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

Nicolas Canniccioni received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary is an annual award, presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program to honour the year's best cinematography in a documentary film. It is presented separately from the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography for feature films.

On two prior occasions, at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980 and at the short-lived Bijou Awards in 1981, awards were presented for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Non-Feature), covering short documentaries and television programs, but not for feature documentaries. Nonetheless, the winners and nominees in those years have been included below. In the 1960s, both short and feature documentary films were sometimes winners of the Canadian Film Award for Best Cinematography, as relatively few Canadian narrative features were made in that era, but this was not continued after 1969.
Shigeo Kobayashi
Shigeo Kobayashi (小林 成男, Kobayashi Shigeo; born April 21, 1970) is a Japanese actor. Born and raised in Tokyo, Kobayashi worked on over 80 films, theatrical productions and TV drama series. In 2008, he played the leading role in a short film "Todai (the Light House)" a part of Otokotachi no Uta. His most recent work includes the role of a Japanese Lieutenant in The Flowers of War, starring Christian Bale and directed by Zhang Yimou. Shigeo continues to build a unique career as an actor, noted for his ability to express subtle emotions.

While attending Keio University, he studied acting as an apprentice of renowned kabuki actor Yorozuya Kinnosuke. After performing in historical plays with Yorozuya, during which he trained for Japanese swordfights, he broadened his scope to film and television. In 1999, he appeared in Railroad Man with Ken Takakura. Over the years he earned recognition as both a film and theatrical actor who specialises in Yakuza, samurai, soldier and detective roles.

Swordsmanship
Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word gladiator, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Empire. The word gladiator itself comes from the Latin word gladius, which is a type of sword.
2012 Australian Open – Girls' doubles
An-Sophie Mestach and Demi Schuurs were the defending champions but neither of them were eligible to participate in 2012.

American pair Gabrielle Andrews and Taylor Townsend won the title, defeating Irina Khromacheva and Danka Kovinić in the final, 5–7, 7–5, [10–6].

An-Sophie Mestach
An-Sophie Mestach (born 7 March 1994) is a Belgian former tennis player and padel player. She won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour and six singles titles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She represented Belgium in padel at the 2023 European Games.
Bel, Syria
Bel (Arabic: البل, romanized: al-Bil) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located halfway between Azaz and al-Rai, some 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo and 7 km (4.3 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis, the village administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Sawran 4 km (2.5 mi) to the southeast and Kafr Ghan 4 km (2.5 mi) to the north.

Azaz District
Azaz District (Arabic: منطقة أعزاز, romanized: manṭiqat A'zāz) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Azaz. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 251,769.

The district lies between Afrin District to the west, Mount Simeon District to the south and al-Bab District to the east. To the north is the Kilis Province of Turkey.
Sayon Cooper
Sayon Cooper (born 26 April 1974) is a retired Liberian sprinter. He is a graduate of Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas, where he earned the 1997 NCAA Division II championship in both the 100 m and 200 m dashes.  Cooper is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

He represented Liberia at the 1996 & 2000 Summer Olympics, competing in the Men's 100 m, 200 m, and Men's 4 x 100 m relay.
He also competed at the World Championships in 1997, 1999, 2001 and 2003 as well as the World Indoor Championships in 1999 and 2001. He has not competed on the international level since 2003.

His personal best time in the 100 metres is 10.15 seconds, achieved in May 1997 in Abilene. In the 200 metres he clocked a best time of 20.50 seconds in June 2000 in Kourou.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay races at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held on Friday 29 September and Saturday 30 September.

The top two teams in each of the initial five heats automatically qualified for the semi-final. The next six fastest team from across the heats also qualified. The top three teams in each of the semi-finals automatically qualified for the final. The next two fastest team from the semi-finals also qualified.

As of 2028, this is the last time the U.S. team won the men's 4 x 100 meters relay in track & field.
Gerrie Labuschagné
Gerhardus Jacobus Labuschagné (born 5 December 1995) is a South African rugby union player who plays for the Houston SaberCats in Major League Rugby (MLR). He previously played for Yamaha Júbilo in the Japanese Top League. He is a utility back that can play as a fullback, centre, wing or fly-half.

Border Bulldogs
The Border Bulldogs (Grens Bulldogs) is a South African professional rugby union team based in East London that participates in the annual Currie Cup competitions. They are governed by the Border Rugby Union (BRU).
Nepal Olympic Museum
The sole sports Museum of Nepal, Nepal Olympic Museum, envisioned by its founder/president Chhitij Arun Shrestha, has been in existence since 1999 inside the premise of the National Sports Council, during the 8th South Asian Games Kathmandu. Affiliated to National Sports Council and Nepal Olympic Committee, and with the primary objective of Historical Conservation for Sports Development and contributing to the Olympic Movement by preserving historic objects and items that were once a part of Nepalese Sports, the Museum, is a national asset of every Nepalese sport enthusiast and purely a sports organization. It is evident that since its existence, the museum despite it ups and downs have been involved in variety of activities in the service of Nepalese sports.

1999 South Asian Games
The 1999 South Asian Games (or 8th SAF Games) were held in Kathmandu, Nepal (for the second time) from 25 September to 4 October 1999.  King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev declared the games open amidst a grand ceremony.

1069 athletes of the different seven SAARC countries participated in the twelve sports.

In the final medal count, India took first position and taking the advantages of host country Nepal amazingly took second position followed by Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives. Out of 523 medals India had the most, with 102 gold, 58 silver and 37 bronze, Nepal then took 31 gold, 10 silver and 24 bronze, Sri Lanka 16 gold 42 silver and 62 bronze, Pakistan 10 gold, 36 silver and 30 bronze, Bangladesh 2 gold, 10 silver and 35 bronze, Bhutan 1 gold, 6 silver and 7 bronze, Maldives 4 bronze. None of the participant countries went back empty hand without having medals. Even Bhutan and Maldives had the benefit of medals.
1873 Massachusetts legislature
The 94th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1873 during the governorship of Republican William B. Washburn. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.