hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mouse's case
Mouse's Case (1608) is a landmark English law judgment. The matter helped establish the defence of necessity in tort.

A ferryman was carrying forty-seven people, including one named Mouse, when a storm threatened the barge off Gravesend.  Another passenger threw the cargo overboard to save the barge. Mouse's casket included £113 inside and he sued the passenger for its loss. The court found that in cases of necessity, any one may act to save lives and there is no liability to them, although there may be liability against the ferryman. It was, however, still incumbent on the ferryman to contribute to the reimburse of the loss.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Liz Dixon
Elizabeth Dixon (born September 29, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for Panathinaikos of the Greek Women's Basketball League. She previously played for the Phoenix Mercury and the Connecticut Sun in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played college basketball at Louisville and Georgia Tech.

Panathinaikos women's basketball
Panathinaikos AC Women's Basketball is the women's basketball department of the major Greek multi-sport club Panathinaikos A.O. The club is based in Athens, Greece. The department was founded in 1937 creating the first and oldest women's basketball team in the country. Pavlos and Thanasis Giannakopoulos Indoor Hall is the home arena of the team.

They have won the Greek Championship 5 times (1997–98, 1999–00, 2004–05, 2012–13, 2020–21) and the Greek Cup 3 times (1999–00, 2022–23, 2023–24).
Pyroglutamyl-peptidase I
Pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3, also known as Pyrrolidonyl peptidase, is an enzyme (a cysteine peptidase) found in bacteria, plants and animals.

It can be used to distinguish certain Streptococcal organisms.

Other names are 5-oxoprolyl-peptidase, pyrase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, pyroglutamate aminopeptidase, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase, L-pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase, pyrrolidone-carboxyl peptidase, pyrrolidone-carboxylate peptidase, pyrrolidonyl peptidase, L-pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase, pyroglutamidase, pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptidase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Release of an N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a polypeptide, the second amino acid generally not being Pro

Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated −COO− form. The "side chain" from the α carbon connects to the nitrogen forming a pyrrolidine loop, classifying it as a aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting with CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG).

Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, as the nitrogen atom is attached both to the α-carbon and to a chain of three carbons that together form a five-membered ring.
Tamilvannan
T. Tamilvannan is an Indian film director in Tamil cinema. His notable movies are Kalvanin Kadhali and Machakaaran.

He started his career as an Assistant Director with the top Tamil industry director Ezhil in the superhit film of actor Vijay - Thullatha Manamum Thullum, followed by the film with actor Prabhu Deva - Pennin Manathai Thottu and continued as co-director in the film of actor Ajith Kumar - Poovellam Un Vasam and Raja.  His Directorial debut film was Kalvanin Kadhali acted by the actor S. J. Suryah and the leading star Nayantara which was also a box office hit. He done the second film Machakaran with the actor Jeevan and the third film titled Nandhi.

After a good script work now he has worked on the shelved film starring Amitabh Bachchan and S. J. Suryah titled Uyarntha Manidhan.

Pennin Manathai Thottu
Pennin Manathai Thottu (transl. Touched the heart of a girl) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by S. Ezhil. The film stars Prabhu Deva and Jaya Seal, with R. Sarathkumar in an extended guest appearance. Produced by Kaja Mydeen, the film was released on 7 July 2000 and became a commercial success.
Loïc Chauvet
Loïc Chauvet (born 30 April 1988) is a Martiniquais professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Club Colonial and the Martinique national team.

He made his debut for Martinique in 2008. He was in the Martinique Gold Cup squads for the 2013 and 2017 tournaments.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Panzura
Panzura is a privately owned American software company based in San Jose, California, that provides hybrid-cloud data management software and services for the enterprise software market. Its software helps users access, manage, analyze, and store unstructured data using techniques in distributed data consolidation, artificial intelligence, and network load balancing.

The company's core offering is a global file system promoted as a unified data engine. It supports large-scale multi-site data workflows and applications in the cloud, and has data protection and disaster recovery capabilities derived from its Immutable object architecture. Panzura licenses software as a service data management and data analytics services for observability, search and auditing over data and storage infrastructure.

Master data management
Master data management (MDM) is a discipline in which business and information technology collaborate to ensure the uniformity, accuracy, stewardship, semantic consistency, and accountability of the enterprise's official shared master data assets.
Georgia Hennessy
Georgia May Hennessy (born 4 November 1996) is an English former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium. She played for Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Devon, Somerset, Wales, Western Storm and Welsh Fire.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Michael Pacek
Michael Pacek is a Canadian film editor. Pacek has been nominated for three Genie Awards for film editing. He won two Genie Awards for his work on Bruce McDonald's Dance Me Outside (1994).

Pacek is a member of the Canadian Cinema Editors honours society.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Monastery of the Holy Spirit, Vitebsk
Monastery of the Holy Spirit (Sviato-Dukhov Monastery) is a female Eastern Orthodox monastery in Vitebsk, Belarus.

The monastery was founded in the 1380s by Duchess Uliana of Tver, wife of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Algirdas ordered the construction of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in this monastery. About 1392–1393, after Algirdas' death, Uliania took the vows of schema in her monastery.

From the mid-17th century till 1839, the monastery was Greek-Catholic. In 1839, after the cancellation of the Union of Brest, it was converted back to Orthodoxy and was soon shut down because of poverty. After the October Revolution the majority of the old monastery's buildings were destroyed.

The monastery was revived in 2001. At present, it owns one building.

Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in north-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Niklas Hansson
Niklas Hansson (born January 8, 1995) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing with HV71 of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He was selected by the Dallas Stars in the 3rd round (68th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.

HV71
HV71 (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhôːveː ˌɧɵtːɪˈɛtː]), often referred to as just HV, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club based in Jönköping, playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the first tier of Swedish ice hockey. The team played in the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League season, and has also participated in the new Champions Hockey League tournament since the 2014–15 season. Between 2008 and 2013, HV also participated in the European Trophy tournament. With the exception of a one-year stint in the 2021–22 season in Sweden's second tier, HockeyAllsvenskan, where they won the promotion playoffs, the club has played continuously in the SHL since being promoted in the 1984–85 season.
Badaic languages
The Badaic languages include three closely related Austronesian languages spoken in the North Lore and South Lore districts in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, viz. Bada (Bada’), Behoa (Besoa), and Napu, and also Limola, spoken in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Bada, Besoa, and Napu are 80–91% lexically similar and to a great degree mutually intelligible,  but their speakers are culturally distinct.

Poso Regency
Poso Regency is a regency of Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 7,553.43 km2, and had a population of 209,228 at the 2010 Census and 244,875 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 253,350  (comprising 130,653 males and 122,697 females). The principal town lies at Poso (with 47,592 inhabitants in mid 2024).
Zoltán Horváth (politician)
Zoltán Horváth (born April 30, 1974) is a Hungarian politician, President of the General Assembly of Baranya County between 2011 and 2014.

He became a Member of Parliament from Fidesz's Baranya County Regional List on 18 June 2012, replacing Erik Bánki. Horváth was a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Sport and Tourism. He was appointed Director of the Baranya County Government Office on 1 July 2014.

Baranya County
Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.

As of 2025, it has a population of 351,158. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th, both in terms of geographic area and population.
Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
Los Peñasquitos Marsh Natural Preserve and Lagoon is a coastal marsh in San Diego County, California, United States situated at the northern edge of the City of San Diego, forming the natural border with Del Mar, California. This bar-built estuary divides a colony of the endangered Torrey pine on a narrow coastal strip.  Three streams empty into the lagoon: Carroll Creek, Carmel Creek, and Los Peñasquitos Creek, with a total drainage basin area of 95 square miles.

Torrey pine
The Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) is a rare pine species in California, United States. It is a critically endangered species growing only in coastal San Diego County, and on Santa Rosa Island, offshore from Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara County. The Torrey pine is endemic to the California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion.
Orangism (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
In the context of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Orangism is royalism that favors the House of Orange's rules as kings and queens. Orangism became a political force in the 1860s, when it was embraced by the dominant liberal tendency. It was presented as a national apolitical stance to gather the support of monarchist Protestants and Catholics, but liberal Orangism was in fact an attempt at achieving national unity at the expense of socialist and denominational politics.

Socialism in the Netherlands
This article gives an overview of socialism in the Netherlands, including communism and social democracy. It is limited to communist, socialist, social democratic, and democratic socialist parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament.
Paul Pustovar
Paul Pustovar (born December 17, 1951, in Chisholm, Minnesota) is an American curler from Hibbing, Minnesota. He is one of the most prolific curlers from the United States, with over thirty years of experience. He has earned two bronze medals at the World Curling Championships and has earned five gold medals, four silver medals, and one bronze medal in the twenty-five national championships that he has participated in. He is also a former world senior champion.

Chisholm, Minnesota
Chisholm is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 4,775 at the 2020 census. The city has been called "The Heart of the Iron Range" due to its location in the middle of the Mesabi Iron Range.
Whitehaven Ferry
The Whitehaven Ferry is a passenger and automobile cable ferry that crosses the Wicomico River in Whitehaven, Maryland, located to the southwest of Salisbury. The ferry is operated by the Wicomico County Department of Public Works and runs between the community of Whitehaven in Wicomico County to the north and Somerset County in the south. The ferry can carry a maximum of 6 passengers and 3 cars and has a weight limit of 10,000 pounds. The Whitehaven Ferry operates from early morning until the evening every day of the year except Christmas and is free. A ferry has crossed the Wicomico River in the area since 1687. In 2012, the ferry was overhauled and refurbished.

Somerset County, Maryland
Somerset County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,620, making it the second-least populous county in Maryland. The county seat is Princess Anne. The county is part of the Lower Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Mary, Lady Somerset, the wife of Sir John Somerset and daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour (c. 1560–1639). She was also the sister of Anne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore (1615–1649), who later lent her name to Anne Arundel County, which was erected in 1650 as the Province of Maryland's third county.

Somerset County is located on the state's Eastern Shore. It is included in the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The University of Maryland Eastern Shore is located in Princess Anne.
December 2012 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election
The December 2012 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election was held on 25 December 2012. The election was held to replace outgoing president Yoshihiko Noda, who resigned following the party's defeat in the 2012 Japanese general election. Former Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Banri Kaieda was elected president. Kaieda had been a vocal critic of Noda during the period of government.

Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業大臣, Keizai-Sangyou Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council, and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Ryosei Akazawa, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Condemned (1984 film)
Condemned, a 1984 Filipino neo noir crime film, depicts the cruelty of big-city life, with a focus on Manila. The plot centers on the corruption of society and abuses of power.  The film was directed by Mario O'Hara, and the screenplay was written by Jose Javier Reyes and Frank Rivera. The film received an "A" review from the Film Ratings Board.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Lloyd Berrell
Lloyd Berrell (13 February 1926 – 30 December 1957) was a New Zealand actor who played Reuben "Roo" Webber in the original Sydney production of Summer of the Seventeenth Doll. He worked extensively in Australian radio and theatre, appearing in a large portion of the films being shot locally at that time. He also starred in the original stage production of Sumner Locke Elliott's Rusty Bugles as well as numerous productions for the Mercury Theatre.

Anna Christie
Anna Christie is a play in four acts by Eugene O'Neill. It made its Broadway debut at the Vanderbilt Theatre on November 2, 1921. O'Neill received the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for this work. According to historian Paul Avrich, the character of Anna Christie was based on Christine Ell, an anarchist cook in Greenwich Village, who was the lover of Edward Mylius, a Belgian-born radical living in England who libeled the British king George V.
BSS Sporting Club
BSS Sporting Club (Bengali: বিএসএস স্পোর্টিং ক্লাব) is a professional football club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 2015, the club competes in the CFL Premier Division, the top-tier football league in West Bengal organised by the Indian Football Association, football governing body of West Bengal.

Indian Football Association
The Indian Football Association, abbreviated as IFA, is the organisation that administers football in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the oldest football association in India and was founded in 1893. Among the founders was former English international Elphinstone Jackson.

The IFA organises tournaments such as the Calcutta Football League, the Calcutta Women's Football League and the IFA Shield. In 2021, the IFA also took an initiative to start its own futsal league.
It also sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.
Timeline of African American children's literature
This is a timeline of African American Children's literature milestones in the United States from 1600 – present. The timeline also includes selected events in Black history and children's book publishing broadly.

Tom Feelings
Tom Feelings (May 19, 1933 – August 25, 2003) was an American artist, cartoonist, children's book illustrator, author, teacher, and activist. Many of his books focus on African-American and African culture, such as To Be a Slave (1968), Jambo Means Hello (1974), and The Middle Passage: White Ships/Black Cargo (1995).

Feelings was the recipient of numerous awards for his art in children's picture books. Feelings was the first African-American artist to receive a Caldecott Honor, and was the recipient of a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1982. Born in Brooklyn, New York, he lived in New York City, Ghana, Guyana, and Columbia, South Carolina.
SSSniperWolf
Alia "Lia" Shelesh (born (1992-10-22)October 22, 1992), also known as her pseudonym SSSniperWolf, is a British-American YouTuber. She started uploading YouTube videos in 2011, as "sexysexysniper", and started the "SSSniperWolf" YouTube channel in 2013. Initially uploading Call of Duty Let's Play videos, she shifted to reaction videos in 2017; in that year, her channel had over 5 million subscribers. According to British Vogue in 2020, she is one of the most recognizable social media personalities associated with online video games.

In 2023, after receiving criticism for "freebooting" TikTok videos in her reaction content, she was involved in an internet scandal when she doxxed a critic, YouTuber jacksfilms, by livestreaming the front of his home, resulting in temporary demonetization.

British Vogue
British Vogue (stylised in all caps) is the British edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine was launched in 1916 by Condé Nast, linking together fashion and high society.

British Vogue is the third most profitable edition of Vogue worldwide (other than the American and Chinese editions).
Roman–Sabine wars
The Roman–Sabine wars were a series of wars during the early expansion of ancient Rome in central Italy against their northern neighbours, the Sabines.  It is commonly accepted that the events pre-dating the Roman Republic in 509 BC are semi-legendary in nature.

Sabines
The Sabines (US: /ˈseɪbaɪnz/, SAY-bynes, UK: /ˈsæbaɪnz/, SAB-eyens; Latin: Sabini) were an Italic people who lived in the central Apennine Mountains (see Sabina) of the ancient Italian Peninsula, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome.

The Sabines divided into two populations just after the founding of Rome, which is described by Roman legend. The division, however it came about, is not legendary. The population closer to Rome transplanted itself to the new city and united with the preexisting citizenry, beginning a new heritage that descended from the Sabines but was also Latinized. The second population remained a mountain tribal state, coming finally to war against Rome for its independence along with all the other Italic tribes. Afterwards, it became assimilated into the Roman Republic.