hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Douglas Armour
John Douglas Armour (May 4, 1830 – July 11, 1903) was a Canadian Puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Canada.

Born in the township of Otonabee, Upper Canada (now Ontario), the son of Samuel Armour, he was educated at Upper Canada College, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1850 from the University of Toronto. He then articled with his brother, Robert Armour, and then with Philip Michael Matthew Scott VanKoughnet.  He was called to the Bar in 1853 and practised law for 25 years in Cobourg, Ontario.

In 1877, he was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench of Ontario and was appointed as its chief justice in November of that year. In 1901, he was appointed Chief Justice of Ontario.

Otonabee–South Monaghan
Otonabee–South Monaghan is a township in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, in Peterborough County. The township, located along the Trent–Severn Waterway, was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of Otonabee and South Monaghan Townships.
Gnieżdżewo
Gnieżdżewo [ɡɲɛʐˈd͡ʐɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puck, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kashubia
Kashubia or Cassubia (Kashubian: Kaszëbë or Kaszëbskô; Polish: Kaszuby [kaˈʂubɨ] ⓘ; German: Kaschubei or Kaschubien) is an ethnocultural region in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northern Poland. It is inhabited by the Kashubian people, and many in the region have historically spoken the Kashubian language, with some still speaking it.

The unofficial self-description of "capital city of Kashubia" has long been contested by Kartuzy and Kościerzyna.
Arakaka
Arakaka is a community in the Barima-Waini region of Guyana, standing on the Barima River and 12 miles southerly of Port Kaituma, at an altitude of 63 metres (209 feet).

It is the centre of the gold-bearing district, featuring lateritic-saprolitic deposits. Gold mining in the area has attracted international mining companies, such as Alicanto Minerals Ltd (Australia) and Barrick Gold Corporation (Canada).

The population of Arakaka varies according to the amount of mineral extraction in the region.  Launches formerly ascended the river regularly to Arakaka, where a mining warden was stationed. Arakaka has a police outpost.

Matthews Ridge is a nearby settlement also in the Matarkai sub-region.

Barima River
The Barima River is a tributary of the Orinoco River, entering 6 kilometres (4 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. It originates from the Imataka Mountains in Guyana, flowing for approximately 340 kilometres (210 mi) before entering Venezuela about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from its mouth.
Three Rivers (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Three Rivers (Afrikaans: Drie Riviere) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1929. It covered the Algoa Bay coast north of Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha), including the mouths of the Swartkops, Coega and Sundays rivers (hence the name of the seat). Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Swartkops River
Swartkops River, also Zwartskop River, (Afrikaans: black hills) is a watercourse in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The source of the Swartkops is near Cockscombe Mountain, and it flows east into the Algoa Bay of the Indian Ocean in Bluewater Bay, just outside Gqeberha. Its two main tributaries are the northern Kwa-Zunga River and the southern Elands River. The river is also fed by Motherwell Canal, Markman Canal, and Chatty River, which are also sources of water pollution. The river's Groendal Dam was constructed in 1933. The Swartzkops watershed lies with the Uitenhage Artesian Basin. The river suffers from sewage pollution, litter, and algae blooms.
Manoir Energy
Manoir Energy OÜ is Estonian limited-liability company which deals with wholesale of solid, liquid and gas fuels.

The company was established in 2010.

As of 2019, by revenue of 423.1 million euros, the company is 6th in Estonia.

Fuel gas
Fuel gas is one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous. Most fuel gases are composed of hydrocarbons (such as methane and propane), hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or mixtures thereof. Such gases are sources of energy that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes.

Fuel gas is contrasted with liquid fuels and solid fuels, although some fuel gases are liquefied for storage or transport (for example, autogas and liquified petroleum gas). While their gaseous nature has advantages, avoiding the difficulty of transporting solid fuel and the dangers of spillage inherent in liquid fuels, it also has limitations. It is possible for a fuel gas to be undetected and cause a gas explosion. For this reason, odorizers are added to most fuel gases. The most common type of fuel gas in current use is natural gas.
NASA Authorization Act of 2014
The NASA Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4412) is a bill that would authorize the appropriation of $17.6 billion in fiscal year 2014 to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA would use the funding for human exploration of space, the Space Launch System, the Orion spacecraft, the Commercial Crew Program, the International Space Station (ISS), and various technological and educational projects.

The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Gobiguania
Gobiguania is an extinct clade of iguanian lizards from the Late Cretaceous. All known gobiguanians are endemic to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. Gobiguania was given a phylogenetic definition by Jack Conrad and Mark Norell in 2007 as all taxa more closely related to Anchaurosaurus gilmorei than to Iguana iguana (the green iguana), Crotaphytus collaris (the common collared lizard), or Agama agama (the common agama). According to Conrad and Norell's phylogenetic analysis, Gobiguania includes Anchaurosaurus as well as several other Late Cretaceous lizards such as Ctenomastax, Temujinia, Saichangurvel, and Zapsosaurus. A phylogenetic analysis published in 2012 indicated that three other lizard genera — Igua, Isodontosaurus, and Polrussia, all from Mongolia and all from the Late Cretaceous — are also gobiguanians. Below is a cladogram from the analysis:

Mark Norell
Mark Allen Norell (July 26, 1957 – September 9, 2025) was an American vertebrate paleontologist. He was the chairman of paleontology and a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History up until his death in 2025. He is best known as the discoverer of the first theropod embryo and for the description of feathered dinosaurs. Norell is credited with the naming of the genera Apsaravis, Byronosaurus, Citipati, Tsaagan, and Achillobator. His work regularly appeared in major scientific journals (including cover stories in Science and Nature) and was listed by Time magazine as one of the ten most significant science stories of 1993, 1994 and 1996. Norell was both a fellow of the Explorer's Club and the Willi Hennig Society. He has appeared in several science documentaries, including The Dinosaurs (PBS, 1992), "Dinosaurs of the Gobi" on the PBS series Nova (PBS, 1994), and Miracle Planet (NHK / NFB Canada, 2005).
Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland has had far-reaching consequences in the country that go beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it, including political, educational and sporting implications.

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, commonly known as the Mater, is a teaching hospital, on Eccles Street in Phibsborough, Dublin, Ireland. It is managed by Ireland East Hospital Group. The Mater serves as one of two major trauma centers for Ireland: the other is Cork University Hospital.
Dozie Nwankwo
Dozie Ferdinand Nwankwo Listenⓘ (1975-08-28)August 28, 1975 ) is a Nigerian politician who represented Njikoka/ Anaocha and Dunukofia Federal Constituency at the House of Representatives. He is a member of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). He won the primary election under the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) for Anambra Central Senatorial District for the 2023 Senatorial election. However, he lost the senatorial seat to Labour Party (LP) candidate.

Labour Party (Nigeria)
The Labour Party (LP) is a social democratic political party in Nigeria. The party was created in 2002 and was previously known as the Party for Social Democracy (PSD) before changing to its current name the following year. Built on the ideology of social democracy, the party aims to promote and defend social democratic principles and ideals for the purpose of achieving social justice, progress and unity.

On 27 May 2022, the party's membership and support increased drastically as the former governor of Anambra State, Peter Obi, joined the party shortly after he left the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in a bid to run for the 2023 Nigerian presidential election.
Bokkō (novel)
Bokkō (墨攻; lit. 'Mohist Attack') is a Japanese historical fiction novel written by Ken'ichi Sakemi, published in 1991. It was nominated for the 104th Naoki Prize and won the Atsushi Nakajima Memorial Prize for the 50th anniversary of his death in 1992.

A manga adaptation was serialized from 1992 to 1996, and a film premiered in 2006. Studio Ghibli considered an anime film with Mamoru Oshii as director around 1991, and animator Katsuya Kondō also created imageboards, but the plan was abandoned midway through due to a dispute between Oshii and Hayao Miyazaki.

Naoki Prize
The Naoki Prize, officially Naoki Sanjugo Prize (直木三十五賞, Naoki Sanjūgo Shō), is a Japanese literary award presented biannually. It was created in 1935 by Kikuchi Kan, then editor of the Bungeishunjū magazine, and named in memory of novelist Naoki Sanjugo. Sponsored by the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature, the award recognizes "the best work of popular literature in any format by a new, rising, or (reasonably young) established author." The winner receives a watch and one million yen.

Kikuchi founded the Naoki Prize with the Akutagawa Prize, which targets a new or rising author of literary fiction. The two prizes are viewed as "two sides of the same coin" and inseparable from one another. Because of the prestige associated with the Naoki Prize and the considerable attention the winner receives from the media, it, along with the Akutagawa Prize, is one of Japan's most sought after literary awards of recognition.
Othello (1986 video game)
Othello (オセロ, Osero) or Othello World for Game Boy, is a video game developed by HAL Laboratory, made for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

Versions of the game were first released on home consoles by Philips Magnavox on the Odyssey 2 as Dynasty in 1978, and later on the Atari 2600 in 1981. Othello is based on the board game Reversi, which was marketed as Othello.

HAL Laboratory
HAL Laboratory, Inc., formerly shortened as HALKEN, is a Japanese video game developer  based in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded on February 21, 1980 by Mitsuhiro Ikeda. The company started out developing games for home computers of the era, but has since established a strong relationship with Nintendo, and is often referred to as a second-party developer. In 1991, a second office in Kai, Yamanashi was established. The company is best known for its work on the Kirby and Mother series, and the first two Super Smash Bros. games.

Its logo, Inutamago, which depicts a dog incubating eggs, is meant to represent "an unexpected bond [...] one that brings the birth of something new."
Lunglei South Assembly constituency
Lunglei South is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India. It was first established before the 1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election.

It is part of Lunglei district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2018, it is represented by Lalramliana Papuia of the Zoram People's Movement party.

Zoram People's Movement
The Zoram People's Movement (abbreviated: ZPM) is a regional political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. It was formed as an alliance of six regional parties under the leadership of Lalduhoma in 2017. The party advocates for secularism and the protection of religious minorities in India.

In its first ever elections in 2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the alliance won eight seats. It was reformed as a political party and registered with the election commission in 2019. In the 2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the party won 27 out of 40 seats in the state legislature and Lalduhoma became the chief minister.
John Boothman
Air Chief Marshal Sir John Nelson Boothman, KCB, KBE, DFC, AFC (19 February 1901 – 29 December 1957) was a senior Royal Air Force officer during World War II who went on to high command in the post-war years.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Burdon
Burdon is a village and civil parish in the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England. It is south of the city centre. The north-west of the parish includes part of the Doxford Park estate. It has a population of 971. There is currently no parish council.

Doxford Park
Doxford Park (known locally as Doxy Park) is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, located to the south-west of the city centre. Once part of the historical township of Silksworth in the Middle Ages, Doxford Park consisted of agrarian land and a manor before being constructed into a modern housing estate in the 1960s. Surrounded by the A19, the suburb now houses one of the city's largest business districts, the Doxford International Business Park.
Swiss Farmers' Union
The Swiss Farmers' Union (SFU; until 2013 Schweizerischer Bauernverband; French: Union Suisse des Paysans (USP), Italian: Unione Svizzera dei Contadini (USC), Romansh: Uniun Purila Svizra (UPS) represents the interests of the farming community in Switzerland as an umbrella organization and is considered one of the most influential organizations in the country.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Trolleybuses in Ashton-under-Lyne
The Ashton-under-Lyne trolleybus system once served the market town of Ashton-under-Lyne, now in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, north west England.

Opened on 26 February 1925 (1925-02-26), the Ashton system gradually replaced the Ashton-under-Lyne tramway network.  By the standards of the various now-defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, it was a small one, with a total of only five routes, and a maximum fleet of 19 trolleybuses.  It was closed on 31 December 1966 (1966-12-31).

The Ashton trolleybus system also served the city of Manchester.

Two of the former Ashton system trolleybuses are now preserved.  One of them is at the Greater Manchester Transport Museum in Cheetham, Manchester, and the other one is based at the East Anglia Transport Museum, Carlton Colville, Suffolk.

Carlton Colville
Carlton Colville is a seaside town and civil parish in the English county of Suffolk. It is 3 miles (5 km) south-west of the centre of the town of Lowestoft in the East Suffolk district. The area lies along the A146 Lowestoft to Beccles road.

Carlton Colville has boundaries with Oulton Broad, Gisleham and Pakefield. It forms the south-western edge of Lowestoft, with Mutford 2 miles (3 km) to the south-east. The electoral ward continues to the north to the River Waveney and had a population of 6,612 at the 2001 census, increasing to 8,505 at the 2011 census. A civil parish, the parish council adopted town council status in August 2011, retaining the same powers and funding.
International Mathematical Olympiad selection process
This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university.

Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen.

Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as assisting with team selection.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
Brian Russell
Brian William Russell (born February 5, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) from 2001 to 2009. He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2001 and last played for the Houston Texans. He played college football for the Penn Quakers and San Diego State Aztecs.

Russell has also played for the Cleveland Browns, Seattle Seahawks and Jacksonville Jaguars.

San Diego State Aztecs football
The San Diego State Aztecs football team is the college football program that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I (FBS) as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The team plays its home games at Snapdragon Stadium.

Beginning play in 1921, the Aztecs first went to a bowl game in 1948 and first won a major college bowl game in 1969. The Aztecs have won 21 conference championships and are 10–10 all time in post-season bowl games.

Notable alumni include Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Marshall Faulk, John Madden, and Joe Gibbs.
Socialist Youth League of Norway
Socialist Youth League of Norway (NSU, Norwegian: Norges sosialistiske ungdomsforbund) was the youth wing of the Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway (NSA). NSU was formed on January 8, 1922 as the Social Democratic Youth League of Norway (Norges sosialdemokratiske ungdomsforbund).

The organ of the NSA and NSU was the newspaper Arbeiderungdommen, which was published 1923–1927. In May 1926, the organization took its later name. At a unity congress held in 1927, NSU merged with the Left Communist Youth League (VKU) to form the Workers' Youth League (AUF), as the youth wing of the unified Norwegian Labour Party (DNA).

House organ
A house organ (also variously known an in-house magazine, in-house publication, house journal, shop paper, plant paper, or employee magazine) is a magazine or periodical published by a company or organization for its customers, employees, union members, parishioners, political party members, and so forth. This name derives from the use of "organ" as referring to a periodical for a special interest group.

House organs typically come in two types, internal and external. An internal house organ is meant for consumption by the employees of the company as a channel of communication for the management. An external house organ is meant for consumption by the customers of the company, and may be either a free regular newsletter, or an actual commercial product in its own right.

Examples include inflight magazines and most university alumni magazines
CYP710 family
Cytochrome P450, family 710, also known as CYP710, is a plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family, the proteins encoded by its family members are mainly sterol 22-desaturase, which was widely distributed in plants, and take participate in Phytosteroidogenesis. CYP710 family is considered to be the plant orthologous of fungi CYP61 family, which is lost in animal. The CYP61/CYP710 ancestor gene diverged from a gene duplication of ancestor CYP51 in early eukaryotes

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Xinfu railway station
Xinfu railway station (Chinese: 新富車站; pinyin: Xīnfù Chēzhàn) is a railway station located in Yangmei District, Taoyuan, Taiwan. It is located on the West Coast line and is operated by the Taiwan Railway. The station is located next to TRA Fugang Vehicle Depot.

Western Trunk line
Western Trunk line (Chinese: 縱貫線; pinyin: Zòngguàn xiàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhiòng-koàn sòaⁿ) is a railway line of Taiwan Railway in western Taiwan. It is by far the busiest line, having served over 171 million passengers in 2016. The total length of the line is 404.5 km (251.3 mi).

The line is an official classification of physical tracks and does not correspond to particular services. It is connected to Taichung line (mountain line; 山線) at Zhunan and Changhua. Many services turn inland to take the Taichung route, then reconnect back to the main line (West Coast line). Train schedules and departure boards mark either mountain or coastal (海線) line to indicate the route taken.