hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ergocryptine
Ergocryptine is an ergopeptine and one of the ergoline alkaloids. It is isolated from ergot or fermentation broth and it serves as starting material for the production of bromocriptine. Two isomers of ergocryptine exist, α-ergocryptine and β-ergocryptine. The beta differs from the alpha form only in the position of a single methyl group, which is a consequence of the biosynthesis in which the proteinogenic amino acid leucine is replaced by isoleucine. β-Ergocryptine was first identified in 1967 by Albert Hofmann.  Ergot from different sources have different ratios of the two isomers.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Sphaerothecum destruens
Sphaerothecum destruens (the rosette agent) is a parasite of fish. It was first discovered in the United States in association with invasive species including topmouth gudgeon, but was found to be the causative agent of a disease in the UK affecting salmonid species such as Atlantic salmon and brown trout. It is thought to pose more of a risk in Europe than in the US, as native species there are more susceptible to the parasite. The disease causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in a number of different salmonid species and can also infect other UK freshwater fish such as bream, carp, and roach. The genus Sphaerothecum is closely related to the genera Dermocystidium and Rhinosporidium.

Rutilus
Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.
Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough
Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough, 28 September 1610 to 10 January 1667, was the younger son of Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, one of the most powerful landowners in Leicestershire. He fought with the Royalist army in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, and narrowly escaped execution after being captured at Colchester in 1648. He spent the next twelve years with the Stuart court in exile, and became a leading member of the Sealed Knot, a body set up to co-ordinate Royalist plots against The Protectorate. Hastings returned home after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire in 1661, a position he retained until his death in January 1667.

The Protectorate
The Protectorate, officially the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, was the British republic that lasted from 16 December 1653 to 25 May 1659. The kingdoms of  England, Scotland, and Ireland, with their associated territories were joined together in the Commonwealth of England, governed by a Lord Protector, the head of state. It began when Barebone's Parliament was dissolved, and the Instrument of Government appointed Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. Cromwell died in September 1658 and was succeeded by his son Richard Cromwell.

Richard resigned in May 1659 due to his inability to control either the Army or Parliament. He was replaced by the English Committee of Safety, which dissolved the Third Protectorate Parliament, and reseated the Rump Parliament dismissed by his father in April 1653. This marked the end of the Protectorate, with the Rump acting as the legislature and the English Council of State as the executive.
3-Methylpyridine
3-Methylpyridine or 3-picoline, is an organic compound with formula 3-CH3C5H4N. It is one of three positional isomers of methylpyridine, whose structures vary according to where the methyl group is attached around the pyridine ring. This colorless liquid is a precursor to pyridine derivatives that have applications in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.  Like pyridine, 3-methylpyridine is a colorless liquid with a strong odor and is classified as a weak base.

Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine.
Myoclonic astatic epilepsy
Myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE), also known as myoclonic atonic epilepsy or Doose syndrome, and renamed "Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures" in the ILAE 2017 classification, is a generalized idiopathic epilepsy. It is characterized by the development of myoclonic seizures and/or myoclonic astatic seizures. Some of the common monogenic causes include mutations in the genes SLC6A1 (3p25.3), CHD2 (15q26.1) and AP2M1 (10q23.2).

Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin.

For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of instances, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases has not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic. Certain medical conditions, when idiopathic, notably some forms of epilepsy and stroke, are preferentially described by the synonymous term of cryptogenic.
8 Draconis
8 Draconis, formally named Taiyi /ˌtaɪˈjiː/, is a single star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Draco. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 33.97 mas as seen from the Earth, the star is located 96 light-years from the Sun. It is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +9 km/s, having come within 40.6 ly some 2.6 million years ago.

This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F1VmA7(n). It is a Gamma Doradus variable star with a brightness variation of about one tenth of a magnitude. 8 Dra has a relatively high rate of rotation, showing a projected rotational velocity of 120 km/s. The star has 1.56 times the mass of the Sun and 1.50 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 5.75 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,129 K. An infrared excess has been detected at wavelengths of 24 and 70μm, which suggests the presence of a circumstellar disk orbiting the star.

Infrared excess
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star, that in their spectral energy distribution has a greater measured infrared flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiator.  Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust heated by starlight and reemitted at longer wavelengths. They are common in young stellar objects and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or older.

In addition, monitoring for infrared excess emission from stellar systems is one possible method that could enable a search for large-scale stellar engineering projects of a hypothetical extraterrestrial civilization; for example a Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm. This infrared excess would be the outcome of the waste heat emitted by the aforementioned structures if they are considered blackbodies at temperatures close to 300 K.
Bernhard Seidenath
Bernhard Seidenath (born 8 November 1968 in Erlangen) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Bavaria since 2008. He has served as chairman of the Christian Social Union in Dachau since 2011.

Dachau (district)
Dachau (German pronunciation: [ˈdaxaʊ]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Fürstenfeldbruck, Aichach-Friedberg, Pfaffenhofen, Freising and Munich, and by the city of Munich.
Louis Hubert Farabeuf
Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841–1910), French surgeon who is said to have introduced hygiene in French medical schools. His statue dominates the central court of the National School of Medicine in Paris whose main amphitheater is also named after him. Farabeuf wrote some short surgical booklets (précis) and designed several medical instruments (such as the Farabeuf periosteal elevator) that are still in use today.

His name is associated with Farabeuf's triangle of the neck, a triangle formed by the internal jugular vein, common facial vein and the hypoglossal nerve, as well as Farabeuf retractors and Farabeuf bone holding forceps.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
Thompson baronets of Park Gate (1890)
The Thompson Baronetcy, of Park Gate in Guiseley in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 18 April 1890 for Matthew Thompson, after the opening of the Forth Bridge on 4 March of that year. He was Chairman of the Forth Bridge and Midland Railway companies and also briefly represented Bradford in Parliament as a Liberal.

Guiseley
Guiseley (/ˈɡaɪzlɪ/ GHYZE-lee) is a small town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated south of Otley and Menston and is now a north-western suburb of Leeds.

It sits in the Guiseley and Rawdon ward of Leeds City Council and the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency. At the 2001 census, Guiseley with Rawdon had a population of over 21,000, increasing to 22,347 at the 2011 census.

The A65 Otley Road, which passes through the town, is the main shopping street. Guiseley railway station has regular train services into Leeds, Bradford and Ilkley stations on the Wharfedale Line.
Tumaco-La Tolita culture
The Tumaco-La Tolita culture or Tulato culture, also known as the Tumaco Culture in Colombia or as the Tolita Culture in Ecuador was an archaeological culture that inhabited the northern coast of Ecuador and the southern coast of Colombia during the Pre-Columbian era. It takes its name from the two most representative archaeological sites of the culture, the Isla del Morro in the city of Tumaco and the Isla de la Tolita. They are known for the construction of earthen mounds known as Tolas, ceramic crafts and especially metalworking, since they handled gold with great skill and were also the first artisans in the world to work with platinum.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
EL/W-2090
The IAI EL/W-2090 is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) radar system developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Elta Electronics Industries of Israel. Its primary objective is to provide intelligence to maintain air superiority and conduct surveillance. The system is currently in-service with the Indian Air Force.

It is a development of the EL/M-2075 system, described by the Federation of American Scientists as the most advanced AEW&C system in the world in a 1999 article.

ELTA Systems
ELTA Systems Ltd (ELTA) is an Israeli defense technology company specializing in designing, developing, and producing advanced electronic systems and sensors. ELTA is a group and subsidiary of the government-owned Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), and its product portfolio encompassing radars, ELINT, COMINT, special mission aircraft, electronic warfare, communications, autonomous ground vehicles, underwater systems and cybersecurity defense systems. The company's products are utilized by defense forces, homeland security, and law enforcement organizations worldwide.

ELTA has been a major contributor to Israeli national security and is a winner of 15 Israel Defense Prizes - Israel's highest defense award. Amongst the awards are the Green Pine Radars for ballistic detection under the Arrow weapon system, the MMR radars, under Iron Dome and under David Sling systems, and in 2025 - the three outstanding AEW, SIGINT and ISTAR Special Mission Aircraft.
Nannau, Maine
Nannau is a historic summer estate house in Bar Harbor, Maine.  Located between Maine State Route 3 and overlooking Compass Harbor, this 1904 Shingle style house was built for David R. Ogden, a New York City lawyer, to designs by the Boston firm Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul.  The house was characterized in 1906 as "an excellent example of shingle work"; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Maine State Route 3
State Route 3 (SR 3) is a 120.67-mile-long (194.20 km) state highway located in southern Maine. It is a major interregional highway, connecting the Interstate 95 corridor to the Atlantic coast. The western terminus is at SR 8, SR 11 and SR 27 in Augusta and the eastern terminus is at SR 102 and SR 198 in Mount Desert. Major cities and towns along the length of SR 3 include Augusta, Belfast, Ellsworth, and Bar Harbor.
Robe of honour
A robe of honour (Arabic: خلعة, romanized: khilʿa, plural khilaʿ, or Arabic: تشريف, romanized: tashrīf, pl. tashārif or tashrīfāt) were rich garments given by medieval and early modern Islamic rulers to subjects as tokens of honour, often as part of a ceremony of appointment to a public post, or as a token of confirmation or acceptance of vassalage of a subordinate ruler. They were usually produced in government factories and decorated with the inscribed bands known as ṭirāz. Were made of either (indigenous or foreign) high quality silks, gold-interwoven, figured, or plain silk cloth, circulation of the garments were in limited quantities.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
National Emergency Management Agency (New Zealand)
The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA; Māori: Te Rākau Whakamarumaru) is the public service department of New Zealand responsible for providing leadership and support around national, local and regional emergencies. It is an autonomous departmental agency hosted by the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. It replaced the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management in December 2019.

The incumbent minister is listed in the Ministerial List. As of 2025 the Minister for Emergency Management was Mark Mitchell.

Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)
Mark Patrick Mitchell (born 22 May 1968) is a New Zealand politician, former police officer and security contractor, and a member of the  New Zealand House of Representatives since 2011. He is a member of the centre-right National Party.
Qazaq Khan Cherkes
Qazaq Khan Cherkes was a military commander in Safavid Iran of Circassian origin, who also served as the governor (beglarbeg) of Shirvan (1624–1633) and Astarabad (1639–1640). A high-ranking member of the gholam military corps, he was furthermore appointed head of the Qaramanlu and Keneslu Qizilbash troops by then incumbent king Abbas I (r. 1588–1629) as part of the latter's policy to diminish the political influence of the Qizilbash. In 1632, during king Safi's (r. 1629–42) bloody purges, his relative, the prominent Circassian courtier Yusuf Agha was murdered, while Qazaq Khan Cherkes was deposed and imprisoned in 1633. He nevertheless later returned on the political scene in the last years of Safi's reign, when he was given a new governorship in 1639. His son Najafqoli Khan Cherkes would hold several influential positions as well.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Brad Gerstner
Bradley Thomas Gerstner (born May 4, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, investor, venture capitalist, hedge fund manager, and podcaster. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Altimeter Capital. Gerstner appeared on the 2022 Forbes Midas List after his firm's successful investments in Snowflake and Grab. He co-hosts BG2Pod, a bi-weekly podcast on tech, markets, investing, and capitalism, alongside venture capitalist Bill Gurley. In 2025, he founded the Invest America Foundation, which helped advance the Invest America Act—federal legislation that created $1,000 tax-advantaged investment accounts for every child born between 2025 and 2028.

Midas List
The Forbes Midas list is the annual ranking by Forbes magazine of the most influential and best-performing venture capital investors. Described by Kara Swisher as the "Oscars for venture capitalists in tech," the Midas List uses parameters that include the first-day market capitalization of IPOs and the opinions of a panel of experts.

The name alludes to the mythological King Midas, renowned for his ability to turn anything he touched into gold. Forbes partnered with venture capital fund TrueBridge Capital Partners to create the list from 2011 to 2016.
William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian
General William Henry Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian, KT (1710 – 12 April 1775) was a British Army officer and politician. The eldest son of William Kerr, 3rd Marquess of Lothian, he was styled Master of Jedburgh until 1722, Lord Jedburgh from 1722 to 1735, and Earl of Ancram from 1735 to 1767. As the Earl of Ancram, he distinguished himself during the War of the Austrian Succession.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Pave Tack
The Ford Aerospace AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack is an electro-optical targeting pod for military attack aircraft. It uses a laser and forward looking infrared to find and designate targets for laser-guided bombs and other precision-guided munitions. Pave Tack's images are routed to a cockpit display, usually for the weapon systems officer.

Forward-looking infrared
Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras, typically used on military and civilian aircraft, use a thermographic camera that senses infrared radiation.

The sensors installed in forward-looking infrared cameras, as well as those of other thermal imaging cameras, use detection of infrared radiation, typically emitted from a heat source (thermal radiation), to create an image assembled for video output.

They can be used to help pilots and drivers steer their vehicles at night and in fog, or to detect warm objects against a cooler background. The wavelength of infrared that thermal imaging cameras detect is 3 to 12 μm and differs significantly from that of night vision, which operates in the visible light and near-infrared ranges (0.4 to 1.0  μm).
Gyroelongated cupola
In geometry, the gyroelongated cupolae are an infinite set of polyhedra, constructed by adjoining an n-gonal cupola to a 2n-gonal antiprism.

There are three gyroelongated cupolae that are Johnson solids made from regular triangles, squares, and pentagons. Higher forms can be constructed with isosceles triangles. Adjoining a triangular prism to a square antiprism also generates a polyhedron, but has adjacent parallel faces, so is not a Johnson solid. The hexagonal form can be constructed from regular polygons, but the cupola faces are all in the same plane. Topologically other forms can be constructed without regular faces.

Antiprism
In geometry, an n-gonal antiprism or n-antiprism is a polyhedron composed of two parallel direct copies (not mirror images) of an n-sided polygon, connected by an alternating band of 2n triangles. They are represented by the Conway notation An.

Antiprisms are a subclass of prismatoids, and are a (degenerate) type of snub polyhedron.

Antiprisms are similar to prisms, except that the bases are twisted relatively to each other, and that the side faces (connecting the bases) are 2n triangles, rather than n quadrilaterals.

The dual polyhedron of an n-gonal antiprism is an n-gonal trapezohedron.
Amoy Street Food Centre
Amoy Street Food Centre is a two-storey hawker centre located in Downtown Core, Singapore, at the junction of Telok Ayer Street and Amoy Street. The hawker centre occupies the 1st and 2nd storey of the Ministry of National Development Building Annexe B.

The hawker centre is houses numerous restaurants featured in the Michelin Guide, with some being awarded the Bib Gourmand.

Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment
The Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment (MSE; Malay: Kementerian Kemampanan dan Sekitaran; Chinese: 永续发展与环境部; Tamil: நீடித்த நிலைத்தன்மை, சுற்றுப்புற அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the environment, water and food of Singapore.
Canton of Saulzais-le-Potier
The Canton of Saulzais-le-Potier is a former canton situated in the Cher département and in the Centre region of France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 11 communes, which joined the canton of Châteaumeillant in 2015. It had 3,526 inhabitants (2012).

Cher (department)
Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR; French: [ʃɛʁ] ⓘ; Berrichon: Char) is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.