hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Racism in early American film
Racism in early American film is the negative depiction of racial groups, racial stereotypes, and racist ideals in classical Hollywood cinema from the 1910s to the 1960s.

From its inception, Hollywood has largely been dominated by white male filmmakers and producers, catering to a predominantly white audience. Various techniques have been used to depict non-white characters including whitewashing and ethnic stereotyping. Themes of white supremacy and xenophobia are commonly found within these films, reflecting contemporary attitudes towards non-white groups, taking on different imagery as race relations shift.

Classical Hollywood cinema
In film criticism, classical Hollywood cinema is both a narrative and visual style of filmmaking that first developed in the 1910s to 1920s during the later years of the silent film era. It then became characteristic of United States cinema during the Golden Age of Hollywood from 1927, with the advent of sound film, until the 1960s and the arrival of New Hollywood productions such as Bonnie and Clyde and The Graduate. During the intervening forty years, it was the most powerful and pervasive style of filmmaking worldwide.

Similar or associated terms include classical Hollywood narrative, Old Hollywood, and classical continuity. The period is also referred to as the studio era, which may also include films of the late silent era but ended before the 1970s with the studios’ loss of both their own movie theaters and the creative talent they had held under contract.
Drew Locke
Drew Locke (born 11 September 1986) is a rugby union player for London Scottish. His position of choice is at centre but is also able to play at fullback. His previous clubs were Jersey, Cornish Pirates, Coventry and the Exeter Chiefs.

Drew Locke joined Aviva Premiership side Gloucester Rugby from Cornish Pirates on a one-year contract from September 2012. Following his release from Gloucester, Locke returned to the RFU Championship to sign for Jersey.

Drew Locke is the brother of Gareth Locke a Made in Chelsea regular cast member and businessman. Gareth is married to other series regular and actor Ollie Locke as of November 2020.

Ollie Locke
Oliver Locke (born 20 March 1987) is an English television personality and actor from Southampton, England, known for appearing in E4's constructed reality series Made in Chelsea. He has also competed in the thirteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother, as well as Celebrity Hunted.
Richard Powell (athlete)
Richard John "Richie" Powell (born c. 1971) is a British wheelchair racer.

After a motorcycle accident on 30 June 1989, at the age of 18, he became paralysed from the chest down. He took up sports when he spent a year at the Rookwood Hospital in Cardiff, as the spinal unit had a sports club.

He represented Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the men's 100 m, and 200m TW3.

He has taken part in the 1994 Commonwealth Games, and the 1998 IPC World Championships.

Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Great Britain competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain. It finished third in the overall medal count, with a total of 128 medals. This list also includes also the medalists at 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap, which held by the same organizing committee, and is part of same event, but they were held in Madrid, between 15-22 September in the same year.
Klement Schuh
Klement August Schuh (13 June 1916 – 18 August 1995) was an Austrian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Schuh died in Villach on 18 August 1995, at the age of 79.

Villach
Villach (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlax] ⓘ; Slovene: Beljak; Italian: Villaco; Friulian: Vilac) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the state of Carinthia. It is an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. As of 2025, Villach had a population of 65,749.

Together with other Alpine towns Villach engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. 
In 1997, Villach was the first town to be awarded Alpine Town of the Year.
Atlantic Treaty Association
The Atlantic Treaty Association (ATA) is an umbrella organization which draws together political leaders, academics, military officials, and diplomats to support the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The ATA is an independent organization that is separate from NATO.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Gmina Węgliniec
Gmina Węgliniec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Węgliniec, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Zgorzelec, and 128 kilometres (80 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 338.44 square kilometres (130.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,351.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
WMBS
WMBS (590 AM) is a full service/adult standards formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Uniontown, Pennsylvania, serving the Uniontown/Pittsburgh/Morgantown area.  WMBS is owned and operated by Fayette Broadcasting Corporation, and broadcasts at a power of 1,000 watts, day and night, adopting a two-tower directional antenna pattern at night from its facilities at 214 Georges Fairchance Road, just off U.S. Route 119.

Full-service radio
Full-service radio is a type of radio format characterized by a mix of music programming and a large amount of locally-produced and hyperlocal programming, such as news and discussion focusing on local issues, news, sports coverage, interviews, call-in segments, and sometimes religious content. The aim of full service radio is to provide a one-stop shop for listening needs and serve a wider demographic. Music played may be a variety or catered to a certain demographic, usually by local DJs. Full service radio saw a decline after television became widespread in the 1950s.
GLRX2
Glutaredoxin 2 (GLRX2) is an enzyme that in humans encoded by the GLRX2 gene. GLRX2, also known as GRX2, is a glutaredoxin family protein and a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that maintains cellular thiol homeostasis. This gene consists of four exons and three introns, spanned 10 kilobase pairs, and localized to chromosome 1q31.2–31.3.

Alternative splicing of GLRX2 leads to three isoforms of Grx2. One isoform, Grx2a, localizes to the mitochondria, is ubiquitously expressed in tissues (e.g. heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver), regulates mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and protects cells against oxidative stress. Isoforms Grx2b and Grx2c, both localized to the nucleus and cytosol, are expressed only in testes and cancer cell lines and facilitate cellular differentiation and transformation, potentially inducing tumor progression.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Savadogo
Savadogo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aminata Savadogo (born 1993), Latvian singer

Filippe Savadogo, Burkinabe film critic and politician

Moussa Savadogo, Burkinabé writer and playwright

Moussa Savadogo (athlete) (born 1959), Malian sprinter

Aminata Savadogo
Aminata Savadogo (born 9 January 1993), occasionally known as simply Aminata, is a Latvian singer, songwriter, record producer, and model.
She represented Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Love Injected". She released her debut studio album, Inner Voice, in April 2015.
Konpeitō
Konpeitō (金平糖, こんぺいとう), also spelled kompeitō, is a type of Japanese sugar candy. It takes the form of a small sphere with a bumpy surface, and comes in a variety of colors and flavors. Introduced from Portugal as a sugar-coated confection with a poppy seed or sesame seed center, konpeitō was eventually transformed into an all-sugar confection with a zarame (ザラメ, coarse sugar) center.

Poppy
A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug mixture opium, which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium, during World War I, poppies, specifically the red poppy, have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime, especially in the UK, Canada, Australia, Africa and other Commonwealth realms.
Game+
Game+ is a Canadian English language specialty channel owned by Anthem Sports & Entertainment. Originally launched on March 4, 2014 as FNTSY Sports Network, the channel was relaunched in 2018 as an off-shoot of GameTV.

Game+ primarily airs programming relating to fantasy sports, sports betting, Esports, and poker, as well as outdoor recreation, sports, and sports entertainment.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Joshua 14
Joshua 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Book of Joshua in the Hebrew Bible or in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to Joshua, with additions by the high priests Eleazar and Phinehas, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the preparation for the allotment of land and the inheritance for Caleb, a part of a section comprising Joshua 13:1–21:45 about the Israelites allotting the land of Canaan.

Devarim (parashah)
Devarim, Dvarim, or Debarim (Hebrew: דְּבָרִים, romanized: Dəḇārim, lit. 'things'  or 'words') is the 44th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה, parašāh) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the first in the Book of Deuteronomy. It comprises Deuteronomy 1:1–3:22. The parashah recounts how Moses appointed chiefs, the episode of the Twelve Spies, encounters with the Edomites and Ammonites, the conquest of Sihon and Og, and the assignment of land to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh.

The parashah is made up of 5,972 Hebrew letters, 1,548 Hebrew words, 105 verses, and 197 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Jews generally read it in July or August. It is always read on Shabbat Chazon, the Sabbath just before Tisha B'Av.
Volturnalia
Volturnalia was the Roman festival on August 27 dedicated to Volturnus, 'god of the waters,' god of fountains. Volturnus was a tribal river god who later was identified as god of the Tiber river. The Volturno River, in southern Italy, is named for him.  Volturnus was the father of the goddess Juturna, who was first identified with a spring in Latium near the Numicus River and later with a pool near the Temple of Vesta in the Forum of Rome. They were both honored on this day with feasting, wine-drinking, and games.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Super (2010 American film)
Super is a 2010 American black comedy superhero film written and directed by James Gunn. It stars Rainn Wilson, Elliot Page, Liv Tyler, Kevin Bacon, and Nathan Fillion. The film follows an ordinary man who becomes a masked superhero called the Crimson Bolt, uses savage violence to compensate for his lack of superhuman abilities, and sets out to rescue his wife from a drug dealer.

Super premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2010, and was released in theaters in the United States on April 1, 2011, and on video on demand on April 13 by IFC Midnight. The film was released unrated in U.S. theaters, and later received an R rating for its DVD and Blu-ray release. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $593,933 on a budget of $2.5 million.
The film has since been considered a cult classic, particularly among fans who appreciate its subversive and unconventional approach to the superhero genre.

2010 Toronto International Film Festival
The 35th annual Toronto International Film Festival, (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 9 and September 19, 2010. The opening night gala presented Score: A Hockey Musical, a Canadian comedy-drama musical film. Last Night closed the festival on September 19.

2010 TIFF included 258 feature films, down from 264 in 2009. However, the number of short films at the 2010 festival increased to 81 (compared to 70 in 2009), making the total number of films 339, five more than in 2009.

Of the feature films, TIFF claims that 112 are world premieres, 24 are international premieres (i.e. the first screening outside the film's home country), and 98 are North American premieres. (In fact, some of the so-called premieres screened at the Telluride Film Festival before TIFF.)
Cui Xuanwei
Cui Xuanwei (Chinese: 崔玄暐; 638–706), né Cui Ye (崔曄), posthumous name Prince Wenxian of Boling (博陵文獻王), was an official of China's Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong. He was a key figure in the coup (Shenlong Coup) that overthrew Wu Zetian and restored Emperor Zhongzong in 705. He was later exiled due to false accusations instigated by Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi and died in exile.

Wu Zhou
Zhou, known in historiography as the Wu Zhou (Chinese: 武周) and Southern Zhou (Chinese: 南周), was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that existed between 690 and 705. The dynasty consisted of the reign of one empress regnant, Wu Zhao (Wu Zetian), who usurped the throne of her son, the Emperor Ruizong of Tang, in 690. The dynasty lasted until another one of Wu Zhao's sons, the Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, was restored to the throne in the Shenlong Coup in 705, marking the restoration of the Tang dynasty. Historians generally regard the Wu Zhou as an interregnum of the Tang dynasty.

Wu named her dynasty after the ancient Zhou dynasty, from whom she believed herself to be descended.
Dowden
Dowden (/ˈdaʊdən/) is an English family name. It is a patronymic from an Old English personal name, Dogod (probably a derivative of dugan ‘to avail’, ‘to be of use’), chiefly found in Gloucestershire and Somerset. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham Dowden (1839–1907), American politician

Bradley Dowden (born 1942), American philosopher

Corey Dowden (born 1968), American football player in the National Football League

Edward Dowden (1843–1913), Irish critic and poet

Hester Dowden (1868–1949), Irish spiritual medium

John Dowden (1840–1910), Irish bishop

Ken Dowden (born 1950), English scholar

Oliver Dowden (born 1978),  British Conservative Party politician, MP for Hertsmere since May 2015

Richard Dowden (born 1949), English journalist

Richard Dowden (1932-2016), New Zealand scientist

Steve Dowden (1929–2001), American football player in the National Football League

Richard Dowden (scientist)
Richard Lindsay Dowden (1932–2016), sometimes known as Dick Dowden, was an Australian-born New Zealand-resident scientist and researcher, and a recognised authority within the fields of geo- and astrophysics.
Xenia (name)
Xenia (variants include Ksenia, Kseniia, Ksenija, Kseniya; derived from Greek ξενία xenia, "hospitality") is a female given name. The below sections list notable people with one of the variants of this given name.

Related names include Oksana (Ukrainian: Оксана; Belarusian: Аксана, Russian: Оксана), Ksenija (Slovenia, Croatia, Lithuania; Ксенија, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia); Kseniya (Bulgarian: Ксения); Xénia (Hungary), and Senja (Finland). In Spain, although it started to become more popular during the 1990s, it appears mainly in Galician as Xenia [ˈʃenia], and in Catalan as Xènia [ˈʃɛniə].

Eugenio d'Ors
Eugenio d'Ors Rovira (Barcelona, 28 September 1881 – Vilanova i la Geltrú, 25 September 1954), also known as Eugeni d'Ors, was a Spanish writer, essayist, journalist, philosopher and art critic. He wrote in both Catalan and Spanish, sometimes under the pseudonym of Xènius (pronounced [ˈʃɛnius]).
Reuven Snir
Reuven Snir (Hebrew: ראובן שניר; born 1953) is an Israeli Jewish academic, Professor of Arabic language and literature at the University of Haifa, Dean of Humanities, and a translator of poetry between Arabic, Hebrew, and English. He is the winner of the Tchernichovsky Prize for translation (2014).

University of Haifa
The University of Haifa (Hebrew: אוניברסיטת חיפה, Arabic: جامعة حيفا) is a public research university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. Founded in 1963 as a branch of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Haifa received full academic accreditation as an independent university in 1972, becoming Israel's sixth academic institution and the fourth university. The university has the largest university library in Israel. As of 2019, approximately 18,000 students were enrolled at the University of Haifa. Among Israeli higher education institutions the University of Haifa has the largest percentage (41%) of Arab-Israeli students.
Eckernförde Bay
Eckernförde Bay (German: Eckernförder Bucht; Danish: Egernførde Fjord or Egernfjord) is a firth and a branch of the Bay of Kiel between the Danish Wahld peninsula in the south and the Schwansen peninsula in the north in the Baltic Sea off the lands of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The bay extends around 17 km (11 mi) deep into the land and is 10 km (6.2 mi) wide at its entrance where Booknis-Eck (municipality of Waabs) and Danish-Nienhof (municipality of Schwedeneck) mark the endpoints. The bay is up to 28 m (92 ft) deep. The border to the Kiel Fjord lies at the Bülk Lighthouse. The once forested Danish Wahld peninsula between Kiel Fjord and Eckernförde Bay constituted the borderland between the Saxons and the Danes until the Middle Ages. At the inner end of the bay lies the town of Eckernförde.

Danes (tribe)
The Danes were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting southern Scandinavia, including the area now comprising Denmark proper, northern and eastern England, and the Scanian provinces of modern-day southern Sweden, during the Nordic Iron Age and the Viking Age. They founded what became the Kingdom of Denmark. The name of their realm is believed to mean "Danish March", viz. "the march of the Danes", in Old Norse, referring to their southern border zone between the Eider and Schlei rivers, known as the Danevirke.
Louay M. Safi
Louay M. Safi (Arabic: لؤي صافي) is a Syrian-American, a scholar of Islam and the Middle East, and an advocate of Arab and Muslim American rights. He published on such issues as social and political development, modernization, democracy, human rights, and Islam and Modernity. He is the author of 11 books and numerous papers, and speaker on questions of leadership, democracy, Islam, and the Middle East. He is also a spokesperson for the Syrian National Coalition, a league of Syrian opposition groups fighting Syrian President Assad, which was formed in November 2012 in Doha, Qatar.

Louay Safi is also chairman of the Syrian American Council and testified in front of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission on Syria. He is currently a professor at The Qatar Faculty for Islamic Studies in Doha.

International Institute of Islamic Thought
The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) is a privately held non-profit organization in the United States founded by Ismail al-Faruqi and Anwar Ibrahim. It was established as a non-profit 501(c)(3) non-denominational organization in 1981, and is based in Herndon, Virginia. The stated objective of the institute is to revive and reform Islamic thought through research on advancing education in Muslim societies, and publishing, translating and teaching this work.
Hermann Kranold
Hermann Kuno Julius Kranold (also Hermann Kranold-Steinhaus; 1888, Hannover – 1942, Talladega, Alabama) was a German political writer and politician active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, he was arrested and then went into exile in the United States where he became a college professor.

Talladega, Alabama
Talladega (/ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/, also /ˌtæləˈdeɪɡə/) is a city in and the county seat of Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1835. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,861. Talladega is approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of one of the state's largest cities, Birmingham.

The city is home to the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind, Talladega Municipal Airport, and Talladega College, a historically black college. The Talladega Superspeedway,  and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame are located nearby. The First National Bank of Talladega (now First Bank of Alabama) is the oldest bank in the State of Alabama, being founded in 1848.