hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transport in Sweden
Transport in Sweden is available for all four main modes of transport—air, bus, ferry and rail—assisting residents and visitors without their own vehicle to travel around much of Sweden's 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi).

Norrköping
Norrköping (/ˈnɔːrʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ NOR-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km (100 miles) southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km (25 miles) east of county seat Linköping and 60 km (40 miles) west of the Södermanland capital of Nyköping. The city has a population of 98,229 inhabitants in 2023, out of a municipal total of 144,980, making it Sweden's eleventh largest city and tenth largest municipality.

The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry.
Smart Living Lab
The Smart Living Lab is an academic research and development center dedicated to contribute to the future of the built environment. Located in Fribourg in the Bluefactory innovation district, it is affiliated with the Switzerland Innovation Park Network West EPFL. This living lab focuses its research activities on human comfort and well-being in indoor spaces, environmental performance of buildings, and the digital transformation of the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry.

University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland
The University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (French: HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale) is situated in Western Switzerland. It is formally accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Council. The university is divided into six faculties: Design and Fine Arts; Business, Management and Services; Engineering and Architecture; Music and Performing Arts; Health; and Social Work.
Railroad Hotel
The Railroad Hotel (Seth Davis Tavern) is a building that served as a historic hotel at the triangular lot where Washington Street joins Watertown Street (Route 16) in the West Newton section of Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1831, it is the only early building still standing in West Newton's village center. The Railroad Hotel is on the National Register of Historic Places and is a contributing property to the West Newton Village Center Historic District.

Massachusetts Route 16
Route 16 is a 59.8646-mile-long (96.3427 km) east–west state highway in Massachusetts. It begins in the west at an intersection with Route 12 and Route 193 in Webster, just north of the Connecticut state border.  It runs in a generally southwest-northeast routing through a number of Boston's suburbs and runs to the west and then north of the city before ending in Revere at an intersection with Route 1A and Route 60.

From Watertown eastward, Route 16 is a multi-lane arterial road, although it is not limited access for any significant length. Segments of Route 16 through this area are also known as the Mystic Valley Parkway, the Alewife Brook Parkway, and the Revere Beach Parkway, among other names.

From the western end of the Route 135 concurrency in Wellesley to Route 30 (Commonwealth Avenue) in Newton, the route serves as a part of the Boston Marathon, from the halfway point to just before Mile 18 and the hills.
Pyrococcus abyssi
Pyrococcus abyssi is a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent in the North Fiji Basin at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). It is anaerobic, sulfur-metabolizing, gram-negative, coccus-shaped and highly motile. Its optimum growth temperature is 96 °C (205 °F). Its type strain is GE5 (CNCM I-1302). Pyrococcus abyssi has been used as a model organism in studies of DNA polymerase. This species can also grow at high cell densities in bioreactors.

Hyperthermophile
A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upward. An optimal temperature for the existence of hyperthermophiles is often above 80 °C (176 °F). Hyperthermophiles are often within the domain Archaea, although few bacterial examples exist. Some of them are able to live at temperatures greater than 100 °C (212 °F), deep in the ocean where high pressures increase the boiling point of water. Many hyperthermophiles are also able to withstand other environmental extremes, such as high acidity or high radiation levels. Hyperthermophiles are a subset of extremophiles. Their existence may support the possibility of extraterrestrial life, showing that life can thrive in environmental extremes.
Beirut chess
Beirut chess is a chess variant invented by Jim Winslow in 1992. The game is played using the standard chess pieces and board, with each side having secretly equipped one of their men with a "bomb"—which can be "detonated" at any time, wiping out all men on surrounding squares along with the bomb carrier.

David Pritchard (chess player)
David Brine Pritchard (19 October 1919 – 12 December 2005) was a British chess player, chess writer and indoor games consultant. He gained pre-eminence as an indoor games and mind sports consultant, a role that he in effect created. A natural games player, it was to him that inventors or publishers would turn to organise a championship of a new game, write about it or generally promote it.

Though nearly a million copies of his chess books have been sold, Pritchard is best known for authoring The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants, in which he describes more than 1400 different variants.

In addition to authoring books on games, Pritchard was editor of Games & Puzzles magazine from 1972 to 1981. He was also a games director for the Mind Sports Organisation, and president of the British Chess Variants Society.
Zinc chloride
Zinc chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula  ZnCl2·nH2O, with n ranging from 0 to 4.5, forming hydrates. Zinc chloride, anhydrous and its hydrates, are colorless or white crystalline solids, and are highly soluble in water. Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known, as well as four polymorphs of anhydrous zinc chloride.

All forms of zinc chloride are deliquescent. They can usually be produced by the reaction of zinc or its compounds with some form of hydrogen chloride. Anhydrous zinc compound is a Lewis acid, readily forming complexes with a variety of Lewis bases. Zinc chloride finds wide application in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, chemical synthesis of organic compounds, such as benzaldehyde, and processes to produce other compounds of zinc.

Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful.

It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor similar to that of bitter almonds and cherry, and is commonly used in cherry-flavored sodas. A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods.
Jesse L. Nusbaum
Jesse Logan Nusbaum (1887–1975), was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, photographer and National Park Service Superintendent who lived in the American Southwest, where he made significant achievements in the identification, documentation, restoration and preservation of the region's Native American and Spanish Colonial architectural and cultural heritage.

Antiquities Act
The Antiquities Act of 1906 (Pub. L. 59–209, 34 Stat. 225, 54 U.S.C. §§ 320301–320303) is an act that was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt on June 8, 1906. This law gives the president of the United States the authority to, by presidential proclamation, create national monuments from federal lands to protect significant natural, historic, or scientific features. The Act has been used more than a hundred times since its enactment to create a wide variety of protected areas.
Charlize Rule
Charlize Rule (/ˈtʃarˈliz/; born 16 February 2003) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Women's Super League club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Australia national team.

2022–23 A-League Women
The 2022–23 A-League Women, known as the Liberty A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the fifteenth season of the A-League Women, the Australian national women's soccer competition.

Western United joined as an expansion club, taking the total number of teams to 11.

Sydney FC were the defending premiers and Melbourne Victory the defending champions. Sydney FC won the regular season for the third consecutive time.
2021 Bulgarian Cup final
The 2021 Bulgarian Cup final was the final match of the 2020–21 Bulgarian Cup and the 81st final of the Bulgarian Cup. The final took place on 19 May 2021 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.

The clubs contesting the final were Arda Kardzhali and CSKA Sofia. For the symbolic hosts, this was their historic first cup final, while for CSKA, it was the 2nd consecutive and 34th overall. This was the 3rd time both teams faced each other in the tournament's history.

CSKA Sofia won the final by the score of 1–0 and lifted their 21st cup title, ending a 5-year drought after their last triumph in 2016. It also sealed their place in the second qualifying round of 2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Sine-Gordon equation
The sine-Gordon equation is a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation for a function  dependent on two variables typically denoted  and , involving the wave operator and the sine of .

It was originally introduced by Edmond Bour (1862) in the course of study of surfaces of constant negative curvature as the Gauss–Codazzi equation for surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature −1 in 3-dimensional space. The equation was rediscovered by Yakov Frenkel and Tatyana Kontorova (1939) in their study of crystal dislocations known as the Frenkel–Kontorova model.

This equation attracted a lot of attention in the 1970s due to the presence of soliton solutions, and is an example of an integrable PDE. Among well-known integrable PDEs, the sine-Gordon equation is the only relativistic system due to its Lorentz invariance.

Yakov Frenkel
Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (Russian: Яков Ильич Френкель; 10 February 1894 – 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed-matter physics. He is also known as Jacob Frenkel, frequently using the name J. Frenkel in publications in English.
Outline of plagiarism
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to plagiarism:

Plagiarism is the representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work. Although precise definitions vary depending on the institution, in many countries and cultures plagiarism is considered a violation of academic integrity and journalistic ethics, as well as of social norms around learning, teaching, research, fairness, respect, and responsibility. As such, a person or entity that is determined to have committed plagiarism is often subject to various punishments or sanctions, such as suspension, expulsion from school or work, fines, imprisonment, and other penalties.

Academic integrity
Academic integrity is a moral code or ethical policy of academia. Academic integrity supports the enactment of educational values through behaviours such as the  avoidance of cheating, plagiarism, and contract cheating, as well as the maintenance of academic standards; honesty and rigor in research and academic publishing.

The term was popularized by Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe who is considered to be the "grandfather of academic integrity".  Other academic integrity scholars and advocates include Tracey Bretag (Australia), Cath Ellis (Australia), Sarah Elaine Eaton (Canada), Thomas Lancaster (UK), Tomáš Foltýnek (Czech Republic), and Tricia Bertram Gallant (US).
Single South American currency
The single South American currency was a hypothetical united currency for South America. It was proposed by the leaders of several countries, and would have been issued by the Bank of the South to the members of the Union of South American Nations.

A name for the currency was not defined, but several have been proposed, such as Condor, American Peso, Latino, Pacha, Sucre, Colombo, Peso-Real, Sur, among others.

The Bank of the South establishes monetary policy and finance development projects; one of the objectives of the monetary union is the establishment of a single currency in South America.

Currency union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).

There are three types of currency unions:

Informal – unilateral adoption of a foreign currency.

Formal – adoption of foreign currency by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreement with the monetary authority, sometimes supplemented by issue of local currency in currency peg regime.

Formal with common policy – establishment by multiple countries of a common monetary policy and monetary authority for their common currency.

The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency.
The Abstinence Teacher
The Abstinence Teacher is a 2007 novel by American author Tom Perrotta. It tells the story of Ruth Ramsey, a divorced sexual education teacher who lives in suburban New Jersey and comes into conflict with the town's conservative population. According to Perrotta, it is "all about sex education and the culture wars."  He was inspired to write the novel after reading of the influence of evangelical voters on the 2004 presidential election, stating, "I did feel somewhat inadequate as a novelist, just like I'd missed something huge happening in this country. I really did set out to kind of investigate that world." The novel also touches on other issues such as homophobia and sexism in the suburban setting.

Culture war
A culture war is a form of cultural conflict (metaphorical war) between different social groups who struggle to politically impose their own ideology upon mainstream society, or upon the other. In political usage, culture war is a metaphor for "hot-button" politics about values and ideologies, realized with intentionally adversarial social narratives meant to provoke political polarization among the mainstream of society over economic matters, such as those of public policy, as well as of consumption. As practical politics, a culture war is about social policy wedge issues that are based on abstract arguments about values, morality, and lifestyle meant to provoke political cleavage in a multicultural society.
Leafnode
Leafnode is a store-and-forward NNTP (or Usenet) proxy server designed for small sites with just a few active newsgroups, but very easy to set up and maintain, when compared to INN.  Originally created by Arnt Gulbrandsen in 1995 while he was working at Trolltech, it is currently maintained by Matthias Andree and Ralf Wildenhues.

The term leaf node can also be used to describe a node on a binary tree (or any other sort of tree that has nodes) which has no sub-nodes.

Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the State of Missouri, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections will take place on August 4, 2026.

2026 United States Senate elections
The 2026 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 3, 2026, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections. In these elections, voters will elect candidates to six-year terms that begin on January 3, 2027 and expire on January 3, 2033.

Senators are divided into three classes whose terms are staggered, so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 2 senators were last elected in 2020 and are up for election in 2026. With the election of John Thune as leader of the Republican Conference, this will be the first election year since 2006 in which Senate Republicans are not led by Mitch McConnell.

Special elections have been scheduled in Ohio and Florida, following the resignation of JD Vance to become vice president and Marco Rubio's resignation to become secretary of state, respectively.
Nukutere
Nukutere was one of the Māori migration canoes that brought Polynesian migrants to New Zealand. Nukutere is one of the lesser known canoes. However, the descendants of the Nukutere migrants can be found in Ngāi Tūhoe, Ngāti Porou and in other eastern Bay of Plenty iwi.

According to Ngāti Awa traditions, the Nukutere landed at Waiaua in the Bay of Plenty, bringing with it supplies of taro, along with specimens of karaka and ti plants. Te Whakatōhea traditions say that Tauturangi came to New Zealand aboard the Nukutere. Tauturangi was the ancestor of Tūtāmure, whose descendants would eventually form the Te Whakatōhea iwi.

Cordyline fruticosa
Cordyline fruticosa is an evergreen flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is known by a wide variety of common names, including ti plant, palm lily, and cabbage palm.

The plant has been cultivated in Asia and Oceania, with a number of uses including food and traditional medicine. It is of great cultural importance to the traditional inhabitants of the Pacific Islands and Maritime Southeast Asia.
Battle of Usagre
In the Battle of Usagre on 25 May 1811, Anglo-Allied cavalry commanded by Major-General William Lumley routed a French cavalry force led by Major-General Marie Victor Latour-Maubourg at the village of Usagre, Spain, in the Peninsular War.

Beforehand, Lumley explored the area; the British hid their forces behind the ridge where they cannot be seen, while the French found themselves in a disadvantageous position when they were caught crossing the river and unable to exploit their numerical superiority. With the river just behind those Frenchmen who had already crossed it, the British took advantage of the opportunity by launching an assault; this means that in case of any tactical failure on the French side, withdrawal will be problematic, whilst the bridge at Usagre led straight into a defile, only access through which was a very narrow passage.

Defile (geography)
In geography, a defile is a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills. The term originates from a military description of a route through which troops can march only in a narrow column or with a narrow front. On emerging from a defile (or something similar) into open country, soldiers are said to "debouch".
Transparent Armor Gun Shield
The Transparent Armor Gun Shield, or TAGS, is a visually transparent protective gun shield built by BAE Systems made with ballistic glass for US military vehicle operators using mounted machine guns.  It borrows on the experience of the Israeli Defense Force in using such armor on a variety of vehicles. The shield is intended to provide protection for its user while maintaining visibility.  It can be mounted on several models of armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs), including the M113, M1 Abrams and Stryker, as well as on the HMMWV.

Stryker
The Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III, which in turn derived from the Swiss Mowag Piranha. Stryker vehicles are produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) for the United States Army in a plant in London, Ontario. It has four-wheel drive (8×4) and can be switched to all-wheel drive (8×8).

The Stryker was conceived as a family of vehicles forming the backbone of a new medium-weight brigade combat team (BCT) that was to strike a balance between armored brigade combat teams (heavy armor) and infantry brigade combat teams. The service launched the Interim Armored Vehicle competition, and in 2000, the service selected the LAV III proposed by GDLS and General Motors Defense. The service named this family of vehicles the "Stryker".

Ten variants of the Stryker were initially conceived, some of which have been upgraded with v-hulls.
El amor no tiene receta
El amor no tiene receta (English: Love Has No Recipe) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for TelevisaUnivision. The series stars Claudia Martín and Daniel Elbittar. It aired on Las Estrellas from 19 February 2024 to 28 June 2024.

Altaír Jarabo
Altaír Jarabo García (born August 7, 1986, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actress and fashion model. She is best known for her antagonistic roles in Mexican telenovelas including Inocente de ti, Al diablo con los guapos, En nombre del amor, Abismo de pasión, Mentir para vivir, Que te perdone Dios, Vencer el desamor and Corazón guerrero.
She has a brother named Jorge Jarabo Garcia.
Theddlethorpe Lifeboat Station
Theddlethorpe Lifeboat Station was located near the village of Theddlethorpe St Helen, on the east coast of the county of Lincolnshire.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Theddlethorpe by the Lincolnshire Coast Shipwreck Association (LCSA) in 1828. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1864.

With problems finding enough local crew, and further difficulties launching the boat at that location, the RNLI closed the station in 1882, and opened a new station at Mablethorpe, just down the coast, in 1883.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.