hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arachnula
Arachnula is a genus of amoeboid eukaryotes first described by Leon Cienkowski in 1876.

Its phylogenetic position is a subject of some controversy. David Bass and colleagues considered it to be a vampyrellid within the Endomyxa clade of Rhizaria, and the SSU rDNA sequence isolated from an organism described as Arachnula impatiens is indeed very close to that of the vampyrellid Theratromyxa. The identification of this organism as Arachnula has, however, been questioned; and a separate amoeba identified as Arachnula by Yonas Isaak Tekle and colleagues groups in molecular phylogenies close to the amoebozoans Filamoeba and Flamella. Which of these isolates corresponds to that originally described by Cienkowski is unresolved.

Endomyxa
Endomyxa is a group of eukaryotic organisms in the supergroup Rhizaria. They were initially a subphylum of Cercozoa and later a subphylum of Retaria, but several analyses have proven they are a phylogenetically separate lineage, and Endomyxa is currently regarded as its own phylum.
Jennifer Colón
Jennifer Colón is a Puerto Rican beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2024. As a 36-year-old woman and single mother of 3 children, Colón made history by becoming the first woman over the age of 28 and first mother to win the title. In the history of Miss Universe, Colón was the second woman over the age of 32 and was one of the three oldest women to have been selected to compete in the pageant that year. She was also the fourth mother and second single mother to have been selected to participate in the pageant that year. Colón finished in the top 12 representing Puerto Rico in Miss Universe 2024.

Colón was previously crowned Miss World Puerto Rico 2009 and represented Puerto Rico in Miss World 2009.

Orocovis, Puerto Rico
Orocovis (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾoˈkoβis], locally [oɾoˈkoβiʔ]; from the Taino chief Orocovis) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the center of the island. Founded by Juan Rivera de Santiago in 1825. Orocovis is spread over 17 barrios. It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. It's located north of Villalba and Coamo; south of Morovis and Corozal; southeast of Ciales; east of Jayuya; and west of Barranquitas
René Texier
René Texier (28 October 1882 – 10 October 1967) was a French sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics, in the 1920 Summer Olympics, and in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Chantilly. In 1912, he was a member of the French team which finished sixth in the team clay pigeons event. In the individual trap competition he finished 48th. Eight years later, he was part of the French team which finished seventh in the team clay pigeons event. At the 1924 Games, he finished eleventh with the French team in the team clay pigeons competition.

Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's team trap
The men's team clay pigeons was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. The competition was held on 22 and 23 July 1920. 48 shooters from eight nations competed.

The International Olympic Committee medal database shows Frederick Plum as medalist for the United States but he did not compete in this event. The correct medalist is Jay Clark.
Chicken Maryland
Chicken Maryland or Maryland chicken is a historic dish associated with the U.S. state of Maryland, but has other meanings from other nations. In its home base, the food dish consists of fried chicken served with a cream gravy. It is traditionally garnished with bananas, which were historically one of Baltimore's leading imports.

Gravy
Gravy is a sauce made from the juices of meats and vegetables that run naturally during cooking and often thickened with thickeners for added texture. The gravy may be further coloured and flavoured with gravy salt (a mix of salt and caramel food colouring) or gravy browning (gravy salt dissolved in water) or bouillon cubes. Powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts. Canned and instant gravies are also available. Gravy is commonly served with roasts, meatloaf, sandwiches, rice, noodles, fries (chips), mashed potatoes, or biscuits (North America; see biscuits and gravy).
Spitzer resistivity
The Spitzer resistivity (or plasma resistivity), also called 'Spitzer-Harm resistivity', is an expression describing the electrical resistance in a plasma, which was first formulated by Lyman Spitzer in 1950. The Spitzer resistivity of a plasma decreases in proportion to the electron temperature as .

The inverse of the Spitzer resistivity  is known as the Spitzer conductivity .

Lyman Spitzer
Lyman Spitzer Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation and plasma physics and in 1946 conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer invented the stellarator plasma device and is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. As a mountaineer, he made the first ascent of Mount Thor, with Donald C. Morton.
Damnation Festival
Damnation Festival is a yearly heavy metal music festival held each November at the Bowlers Exhibition Centre (BEC) in Manchester, England. It is described as the biggest indoor extreme metal festival in Europe, with more than 40 bands playing on three stages and a capacity of about 6,000 attendees.

Damnation was first held at Jilly's Rockworld in Manchester from 2005 to 2006 and then at the University of Leeds from 2007 until 2021, before moving to the larger BEC arena and becoming a two-day event. It is organized by Gavin McInally and Paul Farrington.

Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression", and refers to metal that is harsher, heavier, more aggressive and less commercialized than other subgenres. Extreme metal is generally underground music that values authenticity and strives to remain outside the mainstream. The term usually includes thrash metal, death metal, black metal and doom metal. Some definitions do not recognise doom metal, or consider that only some of its subgenres are extreme. Most extreme metal styles have very fast tempos and originally took inspiration from hardcore punk.
Ray Pecor Jr.
Ray Pecor Jr. is an American businessman and former owner of the Minor League Baseball Vermont Lake Monsters. He formerly owned the Ottawa Lynx baseball team, and the Lake Champlain Transportation Company. He is an inductee in the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame. He was born in Burlington, Vermont, and graduated from Burlington High School (Vermont), and later on from University of Vermont, for whom he currently serves on the board of trustees.

Ottawa Lynx
The Ottawa Lynx were a Minor League Baseball team that competed in the Triple-A International League (IL) from 1993 to 2007. The team's home field was Lynx Stadium in Ottawa, Ontario. Over 15 seasons, the team was an affiliate of the Montreal Expos (1993–2002), Baltimore Orioles (2003–2006), and Philadelphia Phillies (2007). At the time, it was the only IL franchise in Canada.

In late August 2006, the league approved the conditions to negotiate the sale of the team. The new owners moved the team to Allentown, Pennsylvania, beginning with the 2008 season, where it became known as the Lehigh Valley IronPigs.
Magnetic boots
Magnetic boots are boots that are magnetic, which allows them to attach to the ferrous floor or hulls of a spacecraft during weightlessness, and presumably would allow someone to walk around the cabin of a spacecraft.

Aircraft cabin
An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. Most modern commercial aircraft are pressurized, as cruising altitudes are high enough such that the surrounding atmosphere is too thin for passengers and crew to breathe.

In commercial air travel, particularly in airliners, cabins may be divided into several parts. These can include travel class sections in medium and large aircraft, areas for flight attendants, the galley, and storage for in-flight service. Seats are mostly arranged in rows and aisles. The higher the travel class, the more space is provided. Cabins of the different travel classes are often divided by curtains, sometimes called class dividers. Passengers are not usually allowed to visit higher travel class cabins in commercial flights.

Some aircraft cabins contain passenger entertainment systems. Short and medium haul cabins tend to have no or shared screens whereas long and ultra-long haul flights often contain personal screens.
Little Placentia Sound, Newfoundland and Labrador
Little Placentia Sound is an abandoned town in Newfoundland and Labrador that had a peak population of 47 in 1901. It is named after the body of water (sound) that encompasses the former community located within Placentia Bay on the Avalon Peninsula in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. There was once a lead mine called Silver Cliff Mine located within the town.

During World War II the United States Navy built a naval base nearby at Argentia.

Avalon Peninsula
The Avalon Peninsula (French: Péninsule d'Avalon) is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. It is 9,220.61 square kilometres (3,560.10 sq mi) in size.

The peninsula is home to 270,348 people, about 52% of  the province's population, according to the 2016 Canadian census. The peninsula is the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays (Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay and Placentia Bay) have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.
2018 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2018 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929. The championship began on 22 September 2018 and ended on 28 October 2018.

On 28 October 2018, Graigue-Ballycallan won the championship after a 2–16 to 2–13 defeat of Tullaroan in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their second championship overall and their first title since 1987.

Tullogher-Rosbercon's Cian O'Donoghue was the championship's top scorer with 1-29.

Tullaroan GAA
Tullaroan is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the village of Tullaroan in County Kilkenny, Ireland.  The club was founded in 1884 and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling.  Tullaroan is the most successful club in the history of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship.
Deutsches Theater (Oslo)
Deutsches Theater was a German-language theater in Oslo, Norway which existed between 1941 and 1944, during the German occupation of Norway.

It was established on 1 January 1941 following an order from Josef Terboven, and the first performance was held on 22 April 1941 in Nationaltheatret. It later moved to new localities, in Stortingsgata 16. Its premiere performance, the operetta The Land of Smiles by Franz Lehár, was held on 7 June the same year. The theatre closed in September 1944 because the resources needed to be channeled elsewhere in the German war machine.

Franz Lehár
Franz Lehár (/ˈleɪhɑːr/ LAY-har; Hungarian: Lehár Ferenc [ˈlɛhaːr ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]; 30 April 1870 – 24 October 1948) was an Austro-Hungarian composer. He is mainly known for his operettas, of which the most successful and best known is The Merry Widow (Die lustige Witwe).
Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus
Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus (common name: high-shoulder golden-line barbel) is a species of cave fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Guangxi province in southern China, and only known from a cave in Donglan County, from a subterranean tributary of the Hongshui River, a tributary of the Pearl River.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
BSA Rocket Gold Star
The BSA Rocket Gold Star (RGS) was a 646 cc (39.4 cu in) air-cooled parallel twin motorcycle produced by Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) at Small Heath, Birmingham. Launched in February 1962, it was one of the final range of A10 twins, using a tuned A10 Super Rocket engine in the double-downtube Gold Star frame.

Rocket Gold Star production ended in 1963 due to the development of new unit construction successors, designated as A65 in the 650 cc capacity.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
MDA framework
In game design the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics (MDA) framework is a tool used to analyze games. It formalizes the properties of games by breaking them down into three components: Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics. These three words have been used informally for many years to describe various aspects of games, but the MDA framework provides precise definitions for these terms and seeks to explain how they relate to each other and influence the player's experience.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Alessandra Cernuschi
Alessandra Cernuschi (born 13 January 1997) is an Italian former pair skater. With partner Filippo Ambrosini, she is the 2015 Bavarian Open silver medalist and finished tenth at the 2015 European Championships.

Bavarian Open
The Bavarian Open is an international figure skating competition held in February at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf, Germany. It is organized by the Skating Union of Bavaria. Since 2011, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
2001 New Jersey Senate election
The 2001 New Jersey Senate election was held on November 6. The election took place alongside Jim McGreevey's landslide election as Governor of New Jersey and were held in the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks, which killed 750 New Jerseyans and impacted many others. Under a newly redrawn map, Democrats gained five seats to split control of the Senate evenly. Democrats flipped districts 3 (after the incumbent switched parties earlier in the year), 18 (which was vacant), 22, 34, and 38.

A power-sharing agreement was reached with John O. Bennett and Richard Codey as co-presidents of the Senate. This is the last time Democrats did not win an outright majority of New Jersey State Senate seats, as well as the last time any Senate seats in North Jersey changed parties.

Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)
In New Jersey, a Board of County Commissioners (until 2020 named the Board of Chosen Freeholders) is the elected county-wide government board in each of the state's 21 counties. In the five counties that have an elected county executive, the board of county commissioners serves as the county legislature. In the remaining counties, the board of county commissioners exercises both executive and legislative functions, often with an appointed county administrator or manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of county government.

As of 2025, 18 of the 21 county commissions are held exclusively by one party; Atlantic, Gloucester, and Cumberland counties are the only ones with both parties represented. Since 2000, 12 counties have only elected members from a single party; Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union counties have chosen only Democrats, and Cape May, Hunterdon, Morris, Ocean, Sussex, and Warren counties have chosen only Republicans.
The Disco Boys
The Disco Boys are a German house music DJ and production duo from Hamburg, which consists of Raphael Krickow and Gordon Hollenga. They play a mixture of disco classics and modern house songs. The Disco Boys have played at the German Love Parade, Nature One, and the Mayday and Life Ball festivals in Austria. Even though the group was founded in 1995, they did not release their first single until 2001. Their acts as DJs take place around the world and include China.

Nature One
Nature One is one of the largest European open-air electronic music festivals, featuring many renowned DJs from Germany and all over the world. In significance it is not as big as Mayday nor as old, having started three years later than the Mayday festival. However, attendance has surpassed the Mayday, even when one takes into account that the Mayday only lasts one evening, while the Nature One has two main evenings with additional smaller events from Thursday till Sunday.
Duke of Inverness
The Dukedom of Inverness was first created a title in the Jacobite Peerage of Great Britain, and as such was not recognised by the government or monarch or Great Britain. Its only holder was John Hay of Cromlix.

In 1840 Lady Cecilia Underwood was created the Duchess of Inverness in her own right. She was the second wife of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, the sixth son of King George III. Their marriage was deemed illegal because of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, so Cecilia was never recognized as Duchess of Sussex or a British princess. Instead, Queen Victoria created Cecilia Duchess of Inverness with remainder to the heirs male of her body lawfully begotten. The title became extinct upon her death in 1873.

Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son and ninth child of King George III and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He was the only surviving son of George III who did not pursue an army or navy career. A Whig, he was known for his liberal views, which included reform of Parliament, abolition of the slave trade, Catholic Emancipation, and the removal of existing civil restrictions on Jews and Dissenters.
Logic-based therapy
Logic-based therapy (LBT) is a modality of philosophical counseling developed by philosopher Elliot D. Cohen beginning in the mid-1980s. It is a philosophical variant of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), which was developed by psychologist Albert Ellis. A randomized, controlled efficacy study of LBT suggests that it may be effective in reducing anxiety.

Albert Ellis
Albert Ellis (September 27, 1913 – July 24, 2007) was an American psychologist and psychotherapist who founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). He held MA and PhD degrees in clinical psychology from Columbia University, and was certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). He also founded, and was the President of, the New York City-based Albert Ellis Institute. He is generally considered to be one of the originators of the cognitive revolutionary paradigm shift in psychotherapy and an early proponent and developer of cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Based on a 1982 professional survey of American and Canadian psychologists, he was considered the second most influential psychotherapist in history (Carl Rogers ranked first in the survey; Sigmund Freud was ranked third). Psychology Today noted that, "No individual—not even Freud himself—has had a greater impact on modern psychotherapy."
Hellinsia unicolor
Hellinsia unicolor is a moth of the family Pterophoridae described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, including Florida, Mississippi, Georgia and Kentucky.

The wingspan is about 14–20 mm.

The larvae feed on Eupatorium capillifolium. They bore in the stem and roots of their host plant.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
Eleni Papadaki
Eleni Papadaki (Greek: Ελένη Παπαδάκη; 4 November 1903 – 21 December 1944) was a celebrated Greek stage actress who was murdered during the Dekemvriana events, accused for political reasons by the communists, of having collaborated with the Nazi occupation forces and the collaborationist regime during the Axis occupation.

Hellenic State (1941–1944)
The Hellenic State (Greek: Ελληνική Πολιτεία, romanized: Elliniki Politeia, lit. 'Greek State')  was a pro-Axis government of Greece during the Axis occupation in World War II; being an ally of Italy from 1941 to 1943, and then of Nazi Germany from 1943 to 1944.
LSWR 380 class
The LSWR 380 class was a class of 4-4-0 tender locomotives designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway and introduced about 1879. They were built by Beyer, Peacock and Company and received LSWR numbers 380–391. They were nicknamed "steam rollers" because of their small solid bogie wheels. The design was developed from Adams' 46 class 4-4-0T, later rebuilt as 4-4-2T.

Twelve were purchased in 1879 and were numbered 380 to 391. They were all placed on the duplicate list as 0380 to 0391 in 1902. Four were withdrawn in 1913; and five of the remaining eight were renumbered again in 1914, still on the duplicate list. These eight all passed to the Southern Railway in 1923, but all were withdrawn by the end of 1925.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.