hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Member variable
In object-oriented programming, a member variable (sometimes called a member field) is a variable that is associated with a specific object, and accessible for all its methods (member functions).

In class-based programming languages, these are distinguished into two types: class variables (also called static member variables), where only one copy of the variable is shared with all instances of the class; and instance variables, where each instance of the class has its own independent copy of the variable.

Instance (computer science)
In computer science, an instance or token (from metalogic and metamathematics) is a specific occurrence of a software element that is based on a type definition.: 1.3.2 
When created, an occurrence is said to have been instantiated, and both the creation process and the result of creation are called instantiation.
Scaly sand darter
The scaly sand darter (Ammocrypta vivax) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States. It is found in the coastal plain area of the Mississippi River basin, typically in medium-sized streams with slow currents over sandy substrates where it feeds on midge larvae and other small invertebrates. The slender body is semi-translucent, yellowish with a dozen or so dark bars. This fish has a wide range and is relatively common, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as a "least-concern species".

Etheostomatinae
Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of three to five different genera and well over 200 species. A common name for these fish in southern Indiana is pollywog.
2022 Iranian floods
In late July 2022, Iran was hit by historic floods and mudslides which affected 400 towns and villages in 21 of Iran's 31 provinces, and destroyed over 20,000 homes. In the provinces of Mazandaran and Yazd, deaths were high. At least 95 people have been reported dead and over 200 others are missing. Preliminary agricultural damage was estimated at 60 trillion rials (US$200 million).

Mudflow
A mudflow, also known as mudslide or mud flow, is a form of mass wasting involving fast-moving flow of debris and dirt that has become liquified by the addition of water. Such flows can move at speeds ranging from three to five metres per second (9.8 to 16.4 ft/s). Mudflows contain a significant proportion of clay, which makes them more fluid than debris flows, allowing them to travel farther and across lower slope angles. Both types of flow are generally mixtures of particles with a wide range of sizes, which typically become sorted by size upon deposition.

Mudflows are often called mudslips, a term applied indiscriminately by the mass media to a variety of mass wasting events. Mudflows often start as slides, becoming flows as water is entrained along the flow path; such events are often called mud failures.

Other types of mudflows include lahars (involving fine-grained pyroclastic deposits on the flanks of volcanoes) and jökulhlaups (outbursts from under glaciers or icecaps).
What We Talk About When We Talk About Love
What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a 1981 collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, as well as the title of one of the stories in the collection. Considered by many to be one of American literature's most ambitious short-story collections, it was this collection that turned Raymond Carver into a household name in the publishing industry.

Gordon Lish
Gordon Lish (born February 11, 1934) is an American writer. As a literary editor, he championed many American authors, particularly Raymond Carver, Barry Hannah, Amy Hempel, Rick Bass, Tom Spanbauer, and Richard Ford. He is the father of the novelist Atticus Lish.
Blepharita amica
Blepharita amica is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from northern Europe to the Russian plain, the Ural, Siberia (West Siberian Lowland and South Siberian Mountains), the Amur Oblast, Primorye Region and Kazakhstan. It has also been recorded from the Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu) and north-eastern China.

The wingspan is 41–47 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of August to the beginning of October. Larvae have been recorded on Aconitum septentrionale, Heracleum sphondylium, Lactuca sativa, Pastinaca sativa, Taraxacum vulgare, Lupinus polyphyllus and Prunus padus.

West Siberian Plain
The West Siberian Plain (Russian: Западно-Сибирская равнина, romanized: Zapadno-Sibirskaya ravnina) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and the Altai Mountains on the southeast. Much of the plain is poorly drained and consists of some of the world's largest swamps and floodplains. Important cities include Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Tomsk, as well as Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk.

Winters on the West Siberian Plain are harsh and long. The climate of most of the plain areas is either subarctic or continental. The plain had large petroleum and natural gas reserves. Most of Russia's oil and gas production was extracted from this area during the 1970s and 80s.
Suzanne Coupal
Suzanne Coupal was a justice with the Court of Quebec. She retired to become a painter, working full-time in her studio in Montreal. She is a graduate of the McGill University Faculty of Law, where she served as Circulations Editor for the McGill Law Journal.

McGill Faculty of Law
The McGill Faculty of Law is one of the professional graduate schools of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the oldest law school in Canada. 180 candidates are admitted for any given academic year. For the year 2021 class, the acceptance rate was 10%.

Notable alumni include prime ministers John Abbott and Sir Wilfrid Laurier, thirteen Justices of the Supreme Court (Including the most recent appointments, Mahmud Jamal and Nicholas Kasirer), as well as Members of Parliament. Marc Miller, a current member of the Canadian House of Commons and a current minister of the Cabinet of Canada, is a graduate from the faculty.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH18A1 gene.
This gene is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family and encodes a bifunctional ATP- and NADPH-dependent mitochondrial enzyme with both gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activities. The encoded protein catalyzes the reduction of glutamate to delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, a critical step in the de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine and arginine. Mutations in this gene lead to hyperammonemia, hypoornithinemia, hypocitrullinemia, hypoargininemia and hypoprolinemia and may be associated with neurodegeneration, cataracts and connective tissue diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been described for this gene. As reported by Bruno Reversade and colleagues, ALDH18A1 deficiency or dominant-negative mutations in P5CS in humans causes a progeroid disease known as De Barsy Syndrome.

Hyperammonemia
Hyperammonemia, or high ammonia levels, is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood. Severe hyperammonemia is a dangerous condition that may lead to brain injury and death. It may be primary or secondary.

Ammonia is a substance that contains nitrogen. It is a product of the catabolism of protein. It is converted to the less toxic substance urea prior to excretion in urine by the kidneys. The metabolic pathways that synthesize urea involve reactions that start in the mitochondria and then move into the cytosol. The process is known as the urea cycle, which comprises several enzymes acting in sequence. It is greatly exacerbated by common zinc deficiency, which raises ammonia levels further.
Nera Plateau
The Nera Plateau (Russian: Нерское плоскогорье, Yakut: Ньара хаптал хайалаах сирэ) is a mountain plateau in the southeastern Sakha Republic (Oymyakon District) and the northwestern end of Magadan Oblast (Susumansky District), Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The Ust-Nera - Magadan tract of the R504 Kolyma Highway crosses the plateau from northwest to southeast. There are gold placers in certain spots of the Nera Plateau.

R504 Kolyma Highway
59°35′18″N 150°49′54″E﻿ / ﻿59.58829°N 150.8317°E﻿ / 59.58829; 150.8317

The R504 Kolyma Highway (Russian: Федеральная автомобильная дорога «Колыма», Federal'naya Avtomobil'naya Doroga «Kolyma», "Federal Automobile Highway 'Kolyma'"), part of the M56 route, is a road through the Russian Far East. It connects Magadan with the town of Nizhny Bestyakh, located on the eastern bank of the Lena River, opposite of Yakutsk. At Nizhny Bestyakh the Kolyma Highway connects to the Lena Highway.

The Kolyma Highway has been colloquially called the Road of Bones (Russian: Дорога Костей Doróga Kostéy). Locally, the road is known as the Kolyma Route (Russian: Колымская трасса Kolýmskaya trássa).
Carditis
Carditis (pl. carditides) is the inflammation of the heart.

It is usually studied and treated by specifying it as:

Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium

Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle

Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium

Pancarditis, also called perimyoendocarditis, is the inflammation of the entire heart: the pericardium, the myocardium and the endocardium

Reflux carditis refers to a possible outcome of esophageal reflux (also known as GERD), and involves inflammation of the esophagus/stomach mucosa

Endocardium
The endocardium (pl.: endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection to the valves and heart chambers.

The endocardium underlies the much more voluminous myocardium, the muscular tissue responsible for the contraction of the heart. The outer layer of the heart is termed epicardium and the heart is surrounded by a small amount of fluid enclosed by a fibrous sac called the pericardium.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (The Bahamas)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Bahamas government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Bahamas. The current foreign affairs minister is the Honourable Fred Mitchell, MP (Member of Parliament) for Fox Hill.

Fox Hill (Bahamas Parliament constituency)
Fox Hill is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Assembly of the Bahamas. It elects one member of parliament (MP) using the first past the post electoral system. It has been represented by Minister of Foreign Affairs Fred Mitchell from the Progressive Liberal Party since 2021.
Vallahades
The Vallahades (Greek: Βαλαχάδες) or Valaades (Greek: Βαλαάδες) are a Greek-speaking Muslim population who lived along the river Haliacmon in southwest Greek Macedonia, in and around Anaselitsa (modern Neapoli) and Grevena. They numbered about 17,000 in the early 20th century. They are a frequently referred-to community of late-Ottoman Empire converts to Islam, because, like the Cretan Muslims, and unlike most other communities of Greek Muslims, the Vallahades retained many aspects of their Greek culture and continued to speak Greek for both private and public purposes. Most other Greek converts to Islam from Macedonia, Thrace, and Epirus generally adopted the Ottoman Turkish language and culture and thereby assimilated into mainstream Ottoman society.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
International Challenge Cup
The International Challenge Cup (formerly known as the Ennia Challenge Cup and the Aegon Cup) is an annual figure skating competition generally held in the Netherlands during the last week in February. Although the competition had been held for years in The Hague, a three-year contract was signed in 2022 with the city of Tilburg to host the competition at the IJssportcentrum Tilburg.

Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.

Tilburg
Tilburg (Dutch: [ˈtɪlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant. With a population of 229,833 (January 2, 2024), it is the second-largest city or municipality in North Brabant after Eindhoven and the seventh-largest in the Netherlands.

Tilburg University is located in Tilburg, as are Avans University of Applied Sciences and Fontys University of Applied Sciences.

There are three railway stations within the municipality: Tilburg, Tilburg Universiteit and Tilburg Reeshof. The 75-hectare (185-acre) "Spoorzone" area around Tilburg Central station, once a Dutch Railways train maintenance yard, has been purchased by the city and is being transformed into an urban zone.
Liga de Rugby Kaufland
The Liga Națională de Rugby (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈliɡa natsjoˈnalə de ˈruɡbi]) is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in Romania. In the 2023 season there are 14 teams competing. The competition was established in 1913 and is governed by the Romanian Rugby Federation. Steaua București is the most successful club in the competition with 24 titles.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
William Codd
William Codd, Doctor of Divinity (b Wexford 6 July 1864; d Enniscorthy 12 March 1938) was an Irish Roman Catholic Bishop.

Codd was educated at St Peter's College, Wexford; and the Irish College, Rome. He was ordained priest on 24 April 1889. and appointed a teacher at his old school, rising to be its head. In 1912 he became Parish Priest at Blackwater, County Wexford. He was the Bishop of Ferns from 1917 until his death.

Enniscorthy
Enniscorthy (Irish: Inis Córthaidh) is the second-largest town in County Wexford, Ireland. The town is located on the picturesque River Slaney and in close proximity to the Blackstairs Mountains and Ireland's longest beach, Curracloe.

The Placenames Database of Ireland sheds no light on the origins of the town's name. It may refer either to the "Island of Corthaidh" or the "Island of Rocks". The cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns is located in the town as well as an array of other historical sites such as Enniscorthy Castle and the key battle site of the 1798 Rebellion.

At the 2022 census, the population of the urban area of Enniscorthy was 12,310. The town is twinned with Gimont, France.
Nelamangala Assembly constituency
Nelamangala Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency.

Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency
Chikkballapur Lok Sabha constituency, also spelled 'Chikkaballapur', is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state in southern India. This constituency came into existence in 1977 after the reorganisation of Indian states. It covers parts of Chikkaballapura District and Bengaluru Rural District.
Dominique Chaboche
Dominique Chaboche (12 May 1937, Paris – 16 November 2005) was a French far-right wing politician and member of the European Parliament affiliated to the Front National.

He succeeded to Alain Robert as general secretary of the National Front (Front national) in October 1973. In 1976 he became vice-president of the FN, and was elected European deputy in 1984, and deputy at the National Assembly between 1986 and 1988.

From 1986 to 2005, he was president of the National Front group at the regional council of Haute-Normandie.

Chaboche was a specialist of international contact with foreign far-right movements, especially in Russia and the Balkans.

He can be seen in the documentary White Terror encouraging Russian Nazi-Skinheads.

Alain Robert
Alain Robert (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ ʁɔbɛʁ]; born Alain Philippe Robert; 7 August 1962) is a French rock climber and urban climber. Nicknamed "the French Spider-Man" or "the Human Spider", Robert carries out free solo climbs of skyscrapers using no climbing equipment except for a small bag of chalk and a pair of climbing shoes.

Authorities do not typically grant him permission to climb many of the buildings he has ascended, but Robert has managed to evade security and access these structures surreptitiously. As a result, he has been arrested numerous times in various countries by law enforcement officials who were waiting for him at the end of his climb. However, he has also completed some climbs with permission and sponsorship.
Deiters
Deiters is a surname. People with the surname include:

Franz-Josef Deiters, German-born Australian literary scholar, associate professor in German Studies at Monash University

Hermann Deiters (1833–1907), writer about music and educator

Julie Deiters (born 1975), France-born Dutch field hockey player

Otto Deiters (1834–1863), German neuroanatomist

Peter Franz Ignaz Deiters (1804–1861), German lawyer and member of the 1848 Frankfurt Parliament

Julie Deiters
Julie Bénédicte Deiters (born 4 September 1975 in Meudon) is a French-born former Dutch field hockey player. She played 166 international matches for the Netherlands, in which the defender scored fourteen goals.

Deiters was a member of the Netherlands squad that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. A player from Amsterdam, Deiters made her debut on 4 February 1997 in a friendly against South Africa. Her last match for the Dutch Women's Team came on 26 August 2001, when she faced Argentina (2-3) during the Champions Trophy in Amstelveen.
Dual-purpose
Dual-purpose is a noun and adjective referring to things serving two purposes. It can specifically refer to:

Dual-use technology
Dual-purpose gun, a naval artillery mounting designed to engage both surface and air targets
Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition
Dual-purpose motorcycle, designed for both on- and off-road use
Dual Purpose Ladder (London Fire Brigade), a standard type of firefighting vehicle used by the London Fire Brigade
Fighting knife
Viaduct, a road bridge-aqueduct

Dual-purpose breed, an animal or plant breed that provide at least two types of resources, for example, dual-purpose chicken breeds, bred for meat and egg production

Fighting knife
A  fighting knife has a blade designed to most effectively inflict injury in close-quarters physical confrontations.  The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.

Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.  This singleness of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.  The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.  Since World War I, the fighting knife in military service has gradually evolved into a dual-purpose or "fighting-utility" knife, suited for both knife fighting and utility roles.  As a consequence, the terms "fighting knife" and "tactical knife" are frequently employed interchangeably.
Fundusz Obrony Morskiej
Fundusz Obrony Morskiej (FOM, English: Maritime Defence Fund) was a fund-raising venture, created by the Polish government on January 20, 1933, out of a previous fund, Komitet Floty Narodowej (Committee of National Fleet). Its purpose was expansion of Polish Navy, and the Fund collected money for it, both in Poland, and abroad, among Poles living abroad. The money was collected through local offices of the Maritime and Colonial League, and first director of the FOM was General Kazimierz Sosnkowski.

First collections took place in February 1934; within more than three years (until October 1937), the FOM gathered about 8 million zlotys. The money was spent on construction of Poland's first submarine, ORP Orzeł, and the success of the FOM prompted President Ignacy Mościcki into creation of a twin organization, National Defence Fund (1936). FOM was active until outbreak of World War II – until February 1939, it collected additional 2,5 million zlotys.

Maritime and Colonial League
The Maritime and Colonial League (Polish: Liga Morska i Kolonialna) was a mass Polish social organization, created in 1930 out of the Maritime and River League (Liga Morska i Rzeczna). In the late 1930s it was directed by general Mariusz Zaruski and its purpose was to educate the Polish nation about maritime issues. It also actively supported the development of both a merchant fleet and large navy, as well as the creation of Polish colonies and overseas possessions.

Among countries regarded as suitable for Polish overseas settlements were Brazil (Paraná), Peru, Liberia, Portuguese Mozambique, and French possessions in Africa, such as Madagascar. The organization enjoyed widespread popularity and in 1939 had around one million members.
1977 Blue Swords
The 1977 Blue Swords Cup (Pokal der Blauen Schwerter) international figure skating championship was held in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles and pair skating.

On 17 November 1977, Manuela Mager and Uwe Bewersdorf from Dresden placed first in pair skating, while Sabine Baeß and Tassilo Thierbach, also from East Germany, placed second. Galina Tairova and Alexei Golovkin of the Soviet Union took third.

On 19 November 1977, Mario Liebers of East Germany took first place in the men's competition, in front of 4,000 spectators. In the women's competition, Natalia Strelkova of the Soviet Union placed first, while Marion Weber was second.

Manuela Mager
Manuela Mager (later Holzapfel; born 11 July 1962 in Dresden, Bezirk Dresden, German Democratic Republic) is a German former pair skater.

Mager was a team with Uwe Bewersdorf in pair skating. She skated for the club SC Einheit Dresden and was representing East Germany. Her coach was Uta Hohenhaus The pair Mager/Bewersdorf was the first in the world to execute in competition a clean thrown loop. Mager finished her figure skating career 1980.

After her figure skating career she left East Germany and moved to Bavaria.