hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Girls' Generation videography
This is the videography of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. Girls' Generation has been active in the music industry since the group's debut in August 2007. The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona and Seohyun. Former member Jessica was dismissed from the group in 2014.

Sunny (singer)
Susan Soonkyu Lee (born May 15, 1989), known professionally as Sunny, is a South Korean and American singer and entertainer based in South Korea. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-Oh!GG) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most widely known girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, Sunny has participated in numerous side projects including original soundtracks, television variety shows, musical acting and radio hosting.
Demarcation dispute
Organized labour portal

A demarcation dispute may involve disagreement between trade unions, craft organisations or professional groups over which workers are to perform certain tasks or which trade union or organisations will represent a particular group of workers, especially in enterprises with multiple trade unionism or skilled trades. This is particularly important in compulsory arbitration systems of industrial relations, as in Australia, where only one union may be the registered representative of a particular classification of worker.

Craft unionism
Craft unionism refers to a model of trade unionism in which workers are organised based on the particular craft or trade in which they work. It contrasts with industrial unionism, in which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of differences in skill.

Under this approach, each union is organized according to the craft, or specific work function, of its members. For example, in the building trades, all carpenters belong to the carpenters' union, the plasterers join the plasterers' union, and the painters belong to the painters' union. Each craft union has its own administration, its own policies, its own collective bargaining agreements and its own union halls.
Palabras del Silencio
Palabras del Silencio (English: Words from the Silence) is the seventh studio album, and sixth in Spanish recorded by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Luis Fonsi. The album was released by Universal Music Latino on 26 August 2008 (see 2008 in music). This album received a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album nomination at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2009, losing to La Vida... Es Un Ratico by Juanes.

An expanded Anniversary Edition, Palabras del Silencio: Un Año Después, was released on 8 September 2009, expanded to a 2-disc CD+DVD set, including on the CD the original 13 tracks plus an additional 5 tracks.

51st Annual Grammy Awards
The 51st Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, on February 8, 2009, honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008. Neil Diamond was honored as the 2009 MusiCares Person of the Year on February 6, two days prior to the Grammy telecast.

Lil Wayne received the most nominations, with eight. Robert Plant and Alison Krauss were the biggest winners of the night, winning five awards, including Album of the Year for their critically acclaimed album Raising Sand. Krauss became the sixth female solo artist to have won 5 awards in one night, joining Lauryn Hill, Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Beyoncé and Amy Winehouse.

The awards broadcast won an Emmy for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special.
Patrick Chuka
Patrick Chuka (born 17 March 2000), professionally known as Chu, is a Nigerian artist who primarily works with charcoal and ballpoint pen. He also paints with oil, pastel and acrylic, largely focusing his art on realism and some aspect of hyperrealism.

Hyperrealism (visual arts)
Hyperrealism is a genre of painting and sculpture resembling a high-resolution photograph.  Hyperrealism is considered an advancement of photorealism by the methods used to create the resulting paintings or sculptures.  The term is primarily applied to an independent art movement and art style in the United States and Europe that has developed since the early 1970s. Carole Feuerman is the forerunner in the hyperrealism movement along with Duane Hanson and John De Andrea.
Darjan Matović
Darjan Matović (Serbian Cyrillic: Дарјан Матовић; born 12 October 1988) is a Bosnian retired football goalkeeper.

In July 2013, Matović left Sutjeska Foča for Serbian Superliga side Javor Ivanjica. He later played for Sloboda Mrkonjić Grad in the 2016/17 season and finished his career at Proleter Teslić. He was named goalkeeper of the year of the 2012–13 First League of the Republika Srpska season.

FK Javor Ivanjica
Fk Javor Matis – Ivanjica (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Јавор Матис – Ивањица) is a professional football club based in Ivanjica, Serbia. They compete in the Serbian SuperLiga, the top tier of Serbian football.
HSBC Rowing Club
HSBC Rowing Club was a rowing club based on the Tideway of the River Thames in Putney, London, England. As with the bank, it succeeds Midland Bank and therefore Midland Bank Rowing Club, which was founded in 1878.

Putney
Putney (/ˈpʌtni/) is an affluent district in southwest London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, five miles (eight kilometres) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Professional Performing Arts School
The Professional Performing Arts School (PPAS) is a public middle and high school specializing in the performing arts, located in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Middle school students focus on Theater Arts while high school students major in Dance, Drama, Film, Musical Theater or Vocal.

PPAS maintains professional partnerships with several performing arts organizations, including Rosie's Theater Kids, Evolution Arts, The National Chorale, Ballet Tech, Manhattan Youth Ballet, School of American Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, and Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.

From 2010 to 2024, Waterwell, co-founded in 2002 by actor Arian Moayed, spearheaded PPAS' drama department.

Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Founded in 1958, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (AAADT) is the largest modern dance company in the United States. Based in New York City, the company was founded by Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Alvin Ailey (1931–1989), a noted choreographer and dancer. The Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation, which includes AAADT and Ailey II, the Ailey School, Ailey Extension, AileyCamp, and other operations, is housed in the 87,000-square-foot (8,083 m2) Joan Weill Center for Dance, one of the largest buildings dedicated exclusively to dance in the United States. AAADT is recognized as a vital American cultural ambassador, and has performed for diverse audiences in more than seventy countries around the world.
Critical line (thermodynamics)
In thermodynamics, a critical line is the higher-dimensional equivalent of a critical point. It is the
locus of contiguous critical points in a phase diagram. These lines cannot occur for 
a single substance due to the phase rule, but they can be observed in systems with more variables, such as mixtures. Two critical lines may meet and terminate in a tricritical point.

Phase diagram
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature,  etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
David Brown (footballer, born 1967)
David Brown (born 16 August 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

Brown, recruited from Pennant Hills, was tried at full-forward by Sydney in 1988, to fill the vacancy left by Warwick Capper's move to the Brisbane Bears. He had a promising start to his league career, before being struck by injury. On debut he kicked four goals, in Sydney's three point win over Geelong at Kardinia Park, a result which was only secured when Robert Scott hit the post from a set shot after the final siren. He kicked 10 more goals in his next three games, then during the first quarter of his fifth league appearance, against Essendon at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brown snapped the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee. Returning in 1989, after a knee reconstruction, Brown made five appearances, without making an impact, then just two in 1990.

Sydney Cricket Ground
The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in the Moore Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is used for Test, One Day International and Twenty20 cricket, as well as, Australian rules football and occasionally for rugby league, rugby union and association football. It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team, the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League. It is owned and operated by Venues NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales who also hold responsibility for Stadium Australia and the Sydney Football Stadium.
Bull Head Lodge and Studio
Bull Head Lodge and Studio, located off Going-to-the-Sun Road near Apgar in Flathead County, Montana was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The lodge and studio are two contributing log buildings at the southern end of Lake McDonald in Glacier National Park.

The cabin named Bull Head Lodge was built in 1905 or 1906, on land purchased by Russell from Dimon Apgar.  The property was a private inholding within the Glacier National Park when it was formed in 1910. It was Charles M. Russell's summer home, where he hosted artist friends to paint and sketch landscapes and scenery of the park. Russell composed a number of gnomic sculptures using found objects such as wood and moss from the park.

Apgar, Montana
Apgar is one of the main villages in Glacier National Park, located at the southern end of Lake McDonald, about one mile from the park's west entrance. Apgar has one of the most popular campgrounds in Glacier National Park. It includes a visitor center, a general store, and a gift shop. It is the starting point for most Red Jammer bus tours on the Going-to-the-Sun Road. Apgar's campground is connected to the village by a road as well as a bike path through the woods, in which smaller wildlife can be seen, though grizzly bears have been spotted close to the camp.
Buitenplaats
A buitenplaats (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbœytə(n)ˌplaːts], lit. 'outside place') was a summer residence for rich townspeople in the Netherlands. During the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, many traders and city administrators in Dutch towns became very wealthy. Many of them bought country estates, at first mainly to collect rents, however soon mansions started to be built there, which were used only during the summer.

Wassenaar
Wassenaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɑsənaːr] ⓘ; population: 26,949 in 2021) is a municipality and town located in the province of South Holland, on the western coast of the Netherlands.

An affluent suburb of The Hague, Wassenaar lies 10 km (6 mi) north of that city on the N44/A44 highway near the North Sea coast. It is part of the Haaglanden region and the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area. The municipality covers an area of 62.40 km2 (24.09 sq mi), of which 11.29 km2 (4.36 sq mi) is covered by water.

Wassenaar is home to some of the Netherlands' richest residential neighborhoods as well as the country's most expensive street, the Konijnenlaan.
Soraya Degheidy
Soraya Degheidy (born July 16, 1995, in Cairo) is an Egyptian basketball athlete representing both the national women's basketball team and Al Ahly Sporting Club. She plays as a guard. She stands at a height of 5 feet 8 inches (172 cm).

Al Ahly Women's Basketball
Al Ahly Women's Basketball (Arabic: النادي الأهلي لكرة السلة للسيدات) is a basketball club located in Cairo, Egypt that currently plays in the Egyptian Basketball League Top Division. The club, nicknamed The Red Devils, won the Arab Women's Club Basketball Championship in 1996. The club is also the 16-time winner of the Women's Egypt Basketball League and the 13-time winner of the Egypt Basketball Cup. The current club president is Mahmoud El Khatib.
Jason Horwitch
Jason Horwitch is an American film and television writer. He is the recipient of the Writers Guild of America’s Paul Selvin Award for FX’s The Pentagon Papers. Horwitch created AMC’s conspiracy thriller television series Rubicon and was a writer/producer on the TV series Southland. He also served as Co-EP on Season 6 of Netflix's House of Cards and EP / showrunner on Season 3 of Epix's Berlin Station. Horwitch got his start on the TV series Medical Investigation, wrote the made-for-television film Joe and Max, and co-wrote the independent feature Finding Graceland.

Horwitch is the co-showrunner and executive producer of the 2022 series Echo 3 on Apple TV+. He is also consulting producer on The Morning Show on Apple TV + and Executive Producer of Kevin Hart's Fight Night on Peacock.

Fight Night: The Million Dollar Heist
Fight Night: The Million Dollar Heist is an American crime drama television miniseries created by Shaye Ogbonna, based on the 2020 podcast of the same name fictionalizing an actual armed robbery, at an Atlanta party, on the night of Muhammad Ali's October 1970 comeback fight, after being stripped of his boxing license in 1967 for being a conscientious objector to fighting in the Vietnam War.

The limited series premiered on September 5, 2024, on Peacock with the first three episodes. It concluded with its eighth episode on October 10, 2024.
Stöð 2 Sport 2
Sýn Sport 2 is an Icelandic sports channel that shows over 300 football games from the Premier League each season. It is the only channel in Iceland that has the right to show English League games. Stöð 2 Sport 2 was created ahead of the 2007/08 Football season as the Second purely English football station in Iceland, the competitor Skjarinn had already created such channel when they had the right to the English football for the 2005/6 season. Because many games in the English League start at the same time, Stöð 2 Sport 2 also shows games on Stöð 2 Sport extra 1, Stöð 2 Sport extra 2, Stöð 2 Sport extra 3, and Stöð 2 Sport extra 4. In the games shown in these extra stations commentary is in English.

Television in Iceland
Television in Iceland is composed of the public broadcasting service of RÚV as well as four free-to-air channels and a number of subscription channels provided by local private broadcasters, including Síminn and Sýn. Streaming services are also available from international providers such as Netlfix, Disney+, Viaplay and HBO Max. Television broadcasting began in Iceland in 1955 intended for U.S forces at the Keflavík Air Base. In 1966, RÚV began local television broadcasts in Icelandic.

Channels can be received through managed IPTV providers such as Síminn and Sýn, by over-the-top streaming applications and via digital terrestrial TV (DVB-T2).
Against the Law (book)
Against the Law is a 1955 book by Peter Wildeblood. It is an account of the "Montagu case" — the trial of Wildeblood, Michael Pitt-Rivers and Edward Montagu, Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, for homosexual offences — and Wildeblood's subsequent prison sentence.

Wildeblood was one of the first men in the UK to publicly declare his homosexuality. In the book, he declared his support for reform of law regarding homosexuality, and also for prison reform.

Prison reform
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes.

In modern times, the idea of making living spaces safe and clean has extended from the civilian population to include prisons, based on ethical grounds. It is recognized that unsafe and unsanitary prisons violate constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. In recent times prison reform ideas include greater access to legal counsel and family, conjugal visits, proactive security against violence, and implementing house arrest with assistive technology.
Yuri Volkov
Yuri Volkov (April 18, 1937 – May 17, 2016) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League.  He played for Krylya Sovetov Moscow and HC Dynamo Moscow.  He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

HC Dynamo Moscow
HC Dynamo Moscow (Russian: ХК Динамо Москва) is a professional ice hockey club based in Moscow, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Dynamo has won the Gagarin Cup twice, in 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons, and won the regular season championship once, in 2013–14, winning the Continental Cup.

The club is one of the most successful teams in Russia.
Virginia State Route 206
State Route 206 (SR 206) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Dahlgren Road, the state highway runs 11.04 miles (17.77 km) from SR 3 at Arnolds Corner east to SR 604 at the entrance to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division in Dahlgren in eastern King George County.

Dahlgren, Virginia
Dahlgren is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in King George County, Virginia, United States. The population was 2,946 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 2,653 at the 2010 census, that representing an increase from 997 in 2000.
Timeline of global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
This timeline of global surveillance disclosures from 2013 to the present day is a chronological list of the global surveillance disclosures that began in 2013. The disclosures have been largely instigated by revelations from Edward Snowden, the former National Security Agency contractor.

Tailored Access Operations
The Office of Tailored Access Operations (TAO), structured as S32, is a cyberwarfare intelligence-gathering unit of the National Security Agency (NSA). It has been active since at least 1998, possibly 1997, but was not named or structured as TAO until "the last days of 2000," according to General Michael Hayden.

TAO identifies, monitors, infiltrates, and gathers intelligence on computer systems being used by entities foreign to the United States.
Schloss Neugebäude
Neugebäude Palace (German: Schloss Neugebäude) is a large Mannerist castle complex in the Simmering district of Vienna, Austria. It was built from 1569 onwards at the behest of the Habsburg Emperor Maximilian II. The site of the palace is said to be where the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent's tent was erected during the 1529 Siege of Vienna. The palace was modeled after it.

It fell into disuse in the 17th century and today stands in ruins. Protected as a historical monument Since the 1970s, various efforts have been made to restore the site.

In 1922, Clemens Holzmeister's architectural designs for Austria's first crematorium placed Feuerhalle Simmering into the walled gardens of the derelict Schloss Neugebäude, thus putting the former palace gardens with its many ancient trees (designated natural monuments) to new use as an urn burial ground.

Clemens Holzmeister
Clemens Holzmeister (27 March 1886 – 12 June 1983) was a prominent Austrian architect and stage designer of the early twentieth century. The Austrian Academy of Fine Arts listed his life's work as containing 673 projects. He was the father of Judith Holzmeister.
Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
The Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture (formerly Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role) is an award presented annually by the Screen Actors Guild. It has been presented since the 1st Screen Actors Guild Awards in 1995 to a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role in a film released that year.

The award has been presented 30 times, and 29 actors have won the award. Martin Landau was the award's first winner for Ed Wood (1994). The most recent winner is Kieran Culkin who won for his performance in A Real Pain (2024). Mahershala Ali is the only actor to have won the award twice. The record for the most nominations is shared by Chris Cooper, Willem Dafoe, and Jared Leto with three nominations each.

Screen Actors Guild
The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
Norman Nyagah
Norman Nyagah (born September 15, 1950) is son of Jeremiah Nyagah and brother to former presidential candidate Joseph Nyagah. He is a former member of Kenyan parliament. He was also the chief whip in parliament and he has represented Gachoka Constituency (1997-2002) and formerly Kamukunji Constituency (2002-2007) for the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) party. During the nominations of PNU for the elections of 2007, Nyagah lost to Simon Mbugua nominations and defected to a small party headed by Kalembe Ndile called T.I.P The Independent Party of Kenya

Party of National Unity (Kenya)
The Party of National Unity (PNU) is a political party in Kenya originally founded as a political coalition. On 16 September 2007, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki announced the party's formation and declared that he would run as its presidential candidate in the December 2007 Kenyan elections. Following the conditions set by the Political Parties Act which were passed in Kenya in 2008, PNU became an official political party. Recently PNU has launched activities to revamp itself ahead of the 2022 general elections.