hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mendez v. Westminster
Mendez, et al v. Westminster School District of Orange County, et al, 64 F.Supp. 544 (S.D. Cal. 1946), aff'd, 161 F.2d 774 (9th Cir. 1947) (en banc), was a 1947 federal court case that challenged Mexican remedial schools in four districts in Orange County, California. In its ruling, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in an en banc decision, held that the forced segregation of Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional because as US District Court Judge Paul J. McCormick stated, "The evidence clearly shows that Spanish-speaking children are retarded in learning English by lack of exposure to its use because of segregation, and that commingling of the entire student body instills and develops a common cultural attitude among the school children which is imperative for the perpetuation of American institutions and ideals."

Law Library of Congress
The Law Library of Congress is the law library of the United States Congress. The Law Library of Congress holds the single most comprehensive and authoritative collection of domestic, foreign, and international legal materials in the world.  Established in 1832, its collections are currently housed in the James Madison Memorial Building of the Library of Congress. Law staff rely on and utilize 2.9 million volumes of primary legal sources, 102.18 million microforms, 99,000 reels of microfilm, 3.18 million pieces of microfiche, and 15,600 tangible electronic resources (CD-ROMs and other disks), making it the largest law library in the world.
Thrikkadavoor Sivaraju
Thrikkadavoor Sivaraju (c. 1973) is an elephant from southern Kerala owned by Travancore Devaswom. At a height of 320 cm, Sivaraju is one of the tallest living elephants in Asia.

Sivaraju is an elephant with the body structure that is mentioned in mathangaleela(Book of elephants ). He is having a massive ear structure that makes sivaraju different and beautiful from other elephants.In May 2024, Sivaraju received an amount of Rs 8,000,08 for Kattakampal Pooram from Srayil Desham Thrissur 2024. This record was previously held by Gajarajan Guruvayur Padmanabhan, who received the highest donation fee in 2004.

Devaswom boards in Kerala
Devaswom (Sanskrit: dēvasvaṁ;
transl. "Belonging to the God") are socio-religious trusts in India, whose members are nominated by the government and community. They oversee Hindu temples and their assets to ensure their smooth operation in accordance with traditional rituals and customs. The devaswom system notably exists in the state of Kerala, where most temples are either managed by Government of Kerala-controlled devaswoms or private bodies or families. The properties of each temple are deemed to be the personal property of the presiding deity of the temple, and are managed through a body of trustees who bear allegiance to that deity.

The five Kerala devaswoms—Guruvayur, Travancore, Malabar, Cochin, and Koodalmanikyam—manage nearly 3,000 temples together.
Economic Geography (journal)
Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Clark University. The journal was established in 1925 and is currently edited by Siobhan McGrath (Clark University), Carolina Castaldi (Utrecht University), Chris Gibson (University of Sydney), and Karen Lai (Durham University).

Rooted in the subfield of economic geography, the journal covers topics such as uneven development, global trading and investment, economic governance, financialization, innovation studies, agglomeration, marketization, the social and cultural drivers of economic and industrial change, political economy, and labor market segmentation.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 five-year impact factor of 8.4, ranking it 4th out of 173 journals in the category "Geography" and 11th out of 617 journals in the category "Economics." The 2024 impact factor is 8.9.

Economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics.

Economic geography takes a variety of approaches to many different topics, including the location of industries, economies of agglomeration (also known as "linkages"), transportation, international trade, development, real estate, gentrification, ethnic economies, gendered economies, core-periphery theory, the economics of urban form, the relationship between the environment and the economy (tying into a long history of geographers studying culture-environment interaction), and globalization.
Poeciloneuron pauciflorum
Poeciloneuron pauciflorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Calophyllaceae. It was recorded in Travancore and Tirunelveli (now located in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu respectively) in 19th century India. It has not been recorded since. The specific epithet pauciflora is Latin for 'few-flowered'.

Calophyllaceae
Calophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. Most of the 14 genera and 475 species included in this family were previously recognized in the tribe Calophylleae of the family Clusiaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group determined that splitting this clade of genera off into their own family was necessary.
Zytek ZA1348 engine
The Zytek ZA1348, also known as the Zytek ZA348, is a 3.4-liter, naturally-aspirated, V8 racing engine, designed, developed and produced by British manufacturer Zytek, between 2003 and 2004. It was specifically constructed and built as the spec-engine for the new A1GP open-wheel formula racing series, and debuted in 2005. It powered the Lola B05/52 A1 Grand Prix car. It produced between 520–550 hp (390–410 kW), and around 330 lb⋅ft (450 N⋅m) of torque. A slightly detuned version of the engine, producing around 400 hp (300 kW), but a similar torque figure of 326 lb⋅ft (442 N⋅m), was used in the Ginetta G50Z sports racing car. The engine itself is very light, weighing only 120 kg (260 lb), constructed out of cast aluminum alloy.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Shinhopple, New York
Shinhopple is a hamlet in Delaware County, New York, United States. The community is located along the East Branch Delaware River and New York State Route 30, 9.6 miles (15.4 km) south-southeast of Walton. Shinhopple had a post office until July 31, 1993.

Delaware County, New York
Delaware County is a county located in the US state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,308.  The county seat is Delhi. The county is named after the Delaware River, which was named in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, appointed governor of Virginia in 1609. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Ottokar Domma
Ottokar Domma (pseudonym; properly Otto Häuser) (20 May 1924, Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia – 15 July 2007, Woltersdorf) was a German journalist and writer specialising in satire.  He was most famous for his series on adventures of a semi-fictional East German schoolboy named Ottokar Domma. Domma is in parts the younger alter ego of Häuser.

Woltersdorf, Brandenburg
Woltersdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔltɐsˌdɔʁf]) is a municipality in the Oder-Spree district in Brandenburg. It is often referred to as "near Berlin" (German: "bei Berlin") or "near Erkner" (German: "bei Erkner") as there are a number of other places bearing the same name in Germany.
Óscar Bitar Haddad
Óscar Bitar Haddad (born 16 July 1942) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In 2003–2006 he served as a federal deputy in the 59th Congress, representing 
Hidalgo's fourth district, and he had previously served as municipal president of Tulancingo from 1994 to 1997.

4th federal electoral district of Hidalgo
The 4th federal electoral district of Hidalgo (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 04 de Hidalgo) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of Hidalgo.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth electoral region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Alma Lidia de la Vega Sánchez of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
David Coote (referee)
David Harry Coote (born 11 July 1982) is an English former football referee. His county FA was the Nottinghamshire Football Association. He belonged to the Select Group of Referees in England and officiated primarily in the Premier League before his dismissal in December 2024. On 14 October 2025, he pleaded guilty to the charge of making indecent images of children.

Nottinghamshire County Football Association
The Nottinghamshire Football Association, often known simply as the Notts FA, is the governing body of football in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. The Nottinghamshire FA runs a number of cups at different levels for teams across most of Nottinghamshire, as well as educating their affiliated clubs and members with relevant courses and events.  A small number of clubs in the north of the county are members of the Sheffield and Hallamshire County Football Association.
The Greyhound Limited
The Greyhound Limited is a 1929 part-talkie crime drama and railroad theme film directed by Howard Bretherton and starring Monte Blue. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film is a follow-up to the 1927 film The Black Diamond Express.

The film survives in the Library of Congress and Wisconsin Center For Film and Theatre Research, Madison Wisconsin. The full soundtrack (except for reels 5, 7 and 8) survives on Vitaphone discs.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
Camp Galil
Habonim Dror Camp Galil is a North American summer camp for Jews in Ottsville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about 30 miles north of Philadelphia. It runs for seven weeks during the summer and hosts several seminars during the year.

Ottsville, Pennsylvania
Ottsville is an unincorporated community in Tinicum Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States, with parts of the community located in neighboring Nockamixon Township. Ottsville is located at the intersection of Creamery Road/Geigel Hill Road and Durham Road, north a short distance east of Pennsylvania Route 611.
Obie Lackey
Obie Ezekiel Lackey (October 6, 1903 – December 1979) was an American Negro league infielder between 1929 and 1943.

A native of Stony Point, North Carolina, Lackey made his Negro leagues debut in 1929 for the Homestead Grays. He went on to play for several teams, including the Hilldale Club and Philadelphia Stars, and finished his career in 1943 with a short stint with the New York Black Yankees. Lackey died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1979 at age 76.

Stony Point, North Carolina
Stony Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alexander and Iredell counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 1,317 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sayako Kuroda
Sayako Kuroda (黒田 清子, Kuroda Sayako; born 18 April 1969), formerly Sayako, Princess Nori (紀宮清子内親王, Nori-no-miya Sayako Naishinnō), is the youngest child and only daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko, and the younger sister of the current Emperor of Japan, Naruhito. She is an imperial Shinto priestess of the Ise Grand Shrine, currently serving as the Supreme Priestess.

Kuroda held the appellation "Nori-no-miya"  (Princess Nori), until her marriage to Yoshiki Kuroda on 15 November 2005. As a result of her marriage, she gave up her imperial title and left the Japanese imperial family, as required by the Article 12 of the Imperial Household Law, and received a payment of approximately US$1,000,000.

Daijō Tennō
Daijō Tennō or Dajō Tennō (太上天皇) is a title for an Emperor of Japan who abdicates the Chrysanthemum Throne in favour of a successor. It is sometimes translated as "Emperor Emeritus".

As defined in the Taihō Code, although retired, a Daijō Tennō could still exert power. The first such example is the Empress Jitō in the 7th century. A retired emperor sometimes entered the Buddhist monastic community, becoming a cloistered emperor. During late Heian period, cloistered emperors wielded power in a system known as cloistered rule.
Shahriar Hossain
Shahriar Hossain (Bengali: শাহরিয়ার হোসেন) is a Bangladeshi former cricketer who played in three Test matches from 2000 to 2004. He was also one of the members of the  Bangladesh team in the 1999 World Cup.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
Sanctuary Forest
The Sanctuary Forest is a non-profit conservation land trust in the Mattole River headwaters on the northern California coast in the United States of America. The founders established the land trust in 1987 to preserve a 2000-year-old redwood named "Big Red". The area also contains spawning grounds for Chinook salmon and steelhead in a tributary of the river.

Sanctuary Forest currently covers over 10,000 acres of forest, rivers, and wildlife corridors in California.

Steelhead
Steelhead, or occasionally steelhead trout, is the anadromous form of the coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) or Columbia River redband trout (O. m. gairdneri, also called redband steelhead). Steelhead are native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific basin in Northeast Asia and North America. Like other sea-run (anadromous) trout and salmon, steelhead spawn in freshwater, smolts migrate to the ocean to forage for several years and adults return to their natal streams to spawn.  Steelhead are iteroparous, although their survival rate is approximately only 10–20%.
Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Nowa Góra [ˈnɔva ˈɡura] (en. New Mountain) is a village in Poland in Gmina Krzeszowice, Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. In the years 1975–1998 it was in Kraków Voivodeship.

A former town, with a noticeable market square. The village was known as Złota Góra until the fire that destroyed the old village. A former lead mine (until 17th-19th century).

Population: 1563.

It has a Catholic church and Jehovah's Witness's Kingdom Hall.

Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998)
The Kraków Voivodeship, from 1975 to 1984 known as the Kraków Metropolitan Voivodeship, was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Republic of Poland from 1989 to 1998. Its territory included its capital, Kraków and the surrounding municipalities. It was established on 1 June 1975 from the part of the Kraków Voivodeship, and the city of Kraków, which until then acted as a separate administrative division. It existed until 31 December 1998, when it got incorporated into then-established Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Governing Body of Suomenlinna
The Governing Body of Suomenlinna (Finnish: Suomenlinnan hoitokunta) is a bureau belonging to the Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland, whose task is to restore, maintain, demonstrate and govern the island fortress of Suomenlinna, a Unesco World Heritage, in Helsinki, Finland. The governing body was founded in 1973 when ownership of Suomenlinna was transferred from the Finnish Defence Forces to a civilian government. The organisation is divided into four units, consisting of government, maintenance, world heritage and restoration services.

Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
The Ministry of Education and Culture (Finnish: Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Swedish: Undervisnings- och kulturministeriet) is one of the twelve ministries in Finland. It prepares laws and oversees the administration of matters relating to education (such as daycare, schools and universities), and culture (such as  museums, libraries and arts), as well as sports and science.

The Ministry of Education and Culture is one of the oldest ministries in Finland. It was started as the Ecclesiastical Department in 1809, when the Grand Duchy of Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.
Lawrence baronets
There have been seven baronetcies created for persons with the surname Lawrence, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and five in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Lawrence baronets of Iver (1628)

Lawrence, later Woollaston baronets, of Loseby (1748): see Woollaston baronets

Lawrence baronets of Lucknow (1858)

Lawrence baronets of the Army (1858): see Baron Lawrence

Lawrence baronets of Ealing Park (1867)

Lawrence baronets of Westbourne Terrace (1869): see Sir James Lawrence, 1st Baronet (1820–1897)

Lawrence baronets of Sloane Gardens (1906)

Baron Lawrence
Baron Lawrence, of the Punjab and of Grateley in the County of Southampton, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1869 for Sir John Lawrence, 1st Baronet, the former Viceroy of India.

Lawrence had already been created a Baronet, in 1858. His son, the second Baron, served in the Conservative administrations of Lord Salisbury and Arthur Balfour as a government whip from 1895 to 1905. The title became extinct on the death of the fifth Baron on 14 August 2023.

Two other members of the Lawrence family may also be mentioned. Sir Henry Lawrence, a military officer and administrator in British India, was the elder brother of the first Baron Lawrence. Charles Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate, was a younger son of the first Baron.
Frankie Howerd Strikes Again
Frankie Howerd Strikes Again is a British comedy television series which originally aired on ITV in 1981. It was a sketch show produced by Yorkshire Television, in the style of Howerd's earlier series.

As well as Howerd, other performers who appeared in the series included Henry McGee, Neil Innes, Linda Cunningham, Jeanne Mockford, Norman Chappell, Claire Davenport, Ronnie Brody, Hilda Fenemore and Anneka Rice.

Henry McGee
Henry James Marris-McGee (14 May 1928 – 28 January 2006), known professionally as Henry McGee, was a British actor, best known as straight man to Benny Hill for many years. McGee was also often the announcer on Hill's TV programme, delivering the upbeat intro "Yes! It's The Benny Hill Show!". He was familiar to British children throughout the 1970s as "Mummy" in the Sugar Puffs commercials, the catchphrase of which was "Tell them about the honey, Mummy".
2013–14 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase
The 2013–14 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase began on 9 October 2013 and concluded on 22 May 2014 with the final at Estádio do Restelo in Lisbon, Portugal to decide the champions of the 2013–14 UEFA Women's Champions League. A total of 32 teams competed in the knockout phase.

Estádio do Restelo
The Estádio do Restelo (English: Restelo Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Lisbon, Portugal. The stadium has a capacity of 19,856 people and was built in 1956, in an old stone quarry. It is situated behind the Jerónimos Monastery in the Lisbon parish of Belém.

It is currently used mostly for football matches, by second division club Clube de Futebol Os Belenenses, but also stages musical performances. The Pope John Paul II has also celebrated a mass there attended by more than 100,000 people.

The inauguration game was against Sporting CP, and Belenenses won by 2–1. The first international match was against Stade de Reims, 2-0 for Belenenses. Finally, the first game counting for the Portuguese First Division was a Belenenses 5-1 Vitória de Setúbal.
M163 VADS
The M163 Vulcan Air Defense System (VADS), officially Gun, Air Defense Artillery, Self-Propelled 20-mm, M163, is a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) primarily used by the United States Army. The M163 provides mobile, short-range air defense protection for ground units against low-flying fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. It replaced the M42 Duster as the standard American armored light air-defense gun.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
Lake Erie Arboretum
Lake Erie Arboretum is a young arboretum located within Frontier Park,  at the intersection of West 8th Street and Bayfront Parkway, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States. It is open to the public daily free of charge.

The arboretum was proposed in 1997 and the first tree was planted there in 1998. It now contains over 300 young trees representing some 225 tree varieties. New trees are still being added.

Some of the tree specimens represented in the arboretum include alder, catalpa, dogwood, douglas-fir, ginkgo, hawthorn, shagbark hickory, linden, honey locust, maple, scarlet oak, Russian olive, tulip-tree, black walnut, and corkscrew willow.

Carya ovata
Carya ovata, the shagbark hickory, is a common hickory native to eastern North America, with two varieties. The trees can grow to quite a large size but are unreliable in their fruit output. The nut is consumed by wildlife and historically by Native Americans, who also used the wood.