hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smilja Marjanović-Dušanić
Smilja Marjanović-Dušanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Смиља Марјановић-Душанић; born 29 March 1963) is a Serbian historian and professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy. She is specializing in medieval studies.

Marjanović-Dušanić was born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia. She received her Master's degree in 1986, and Master of Advanced Studies in 1991, from the University of Belgrade. Awarded with a Doctorate in 1996 with the work Vladarska ideologija Nemanjića: diplomatička studija, she started working as a Docent in the Department of History at the Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy the next year. She was re-elected Docent in 2003.

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Prøvestenen, Copenhagen
Prøvestenen, also known as Benzinøen, is an artificial island off the northeast coast of Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located between the Amager Hill combined incineration plant and ski slope to the north and Amager Strandpark to the south. It was created as a marine fortress to guard the entrance to Copenhagen Harbour  in the second half of the 18th century and served military purposes until 1922. It now houses the city's petroleum harbour. Prøvestensbroen at the end of Prags Boulevard links it with the rest of Amager.

Amager Strandpark
Amager Strandpark (Amager Beach Park) is a seaside public park in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located on the island of Amager and includes an artificial island and offers a total of 4.6 km (2.9 mi) of beaches. From the beach, the Middelgrunden wind farm can be seen on the horizon.

The park was founded in 1934 and in 2005 a 2 km-long (1.2 mi) artificial island was added. The island is separated from the original beach by a lagoon which is crossed by three bridges. The beach has two sections. The northern section has a natural beach environment with winding paths, broad sandy beaches and low dunes. The southern section offers a so-called city beach with a broad promenade and areas for ball play or picnicking. There is also a small marina and parking facilities at the southern end. The lagoon has low-water areas for children as well as a 1,000 m (3,300 ft) swimming course.
Get Outta Dodge
Get Outta Dodge is the third studio album by Huevos Rancheros, a Canadian punk rock band. It was released on September 30, 1996, on Mint Records. It was licensed out to Konkurrent Records in the Netherlands. The title refers to the expression "Get out of Dodge", an exhortation that was given in the drama series, Gunsmoke, to villains whom the heroes wanted out of Dodge City, Kansas.

Get Outta Dodge was the first album with new bassist Tom Kennedy, who replaced Graham Evans.

The album was a Juno Award nominee for Best Alternative Album at the Juno Awards of 1998.

Mint Records
Mint Records is a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada-based independent record label founded in 1991, by friends and campus radio enthusiasts Randy Iwata and Bill Baker. Mint has put out over 150 releases, several of which have won Juno Awards.
Railway Workers' Union
The Railway Workers' Union is the name of:

General Railway Workers' Union, former trade union in the United Kingdom

Indonesian Railways Workers' Union, trade union in Indonesia

Korean Railway Workers' Union, trade union in South Korea

National Railway Workers' Union, trade union in Japan

Railway Workers' Union (Austria), former trade union in Austria

Railway Workers' Union (Finland), former trade union in Finland

Railway Workers' Union (Ghana), trade union Ghana

Railway Workers Union (Iraq), former trade union in Iraq

Railway Workers' Union (Pakistan), trade union in Pakistan

Rhodesian Railway Workers' Union, former trade union in Rhodesia

Railway Workers' Union (Pakistan)
The Railway Workers' Union (RWU, Urdu: ریلوے ورکرز یونین) is a trade union of railway workers in Pakistan. It is among the oldest and largest trade unions in the country. It is affiliated with the All Pakistan Trade Union Federation and International Transport Workers' Federation.
Postage stamps and postal history of Togo
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Togo.

Togo is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi) with a population of approximately 6.7 million.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Colin McNally
Colin Ernest McNally (3 July 1899 – 21 May 1952) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Carapooee to labourer Samuel McNally and Emma Caroline Davies. He served in the Australian Military Forces during World War I and was a subsequently a soldier settler at Red Cliffs, where he grew dried fruits and citrus. On 4 May 1927 he married Eva Jane Wormwell, with whom he had a daughter. A Country Party member from 1922, he served on Mildura Shire Council from 1940 to 1952 and was president from 1946 to 1947. In 1949 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for North Western Province. He served until his death at Adelaide in 1952.

Shire of Mildura
The Shire of Mildura was a local government area located at the northwestern corner of Victoria, Australia, on the Murray River and the South Australian border. The shire covered an area of 10,145 square kilometres (3,917.0 sq mi), and existed from 1890 until 1995. From 1920 onwards, Mildura itself was managed by a separate entity, ultimately known as the City of Mildura.
Double or Mutton
Double or Mutton is a 1955 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on July 23, 1955, and is the third cartoon featuring Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog.

Mel Blanc provided for the voices of all the characters in this cartoon; however, like all Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog shorts, this short is mostly composed of visual gags.

The title is a play on the gambling wager double or nothing. This is also the first short where it is clearly established that Sam and Ralph are coworkers, as well as the first short where their names are consistent.

Double or nothing
Double or nothing (UK often double or quits) is a gamble to decide whether a loss or debt should be doubled. The result of a "double or nothing" bet is either cancellation of a debt or the doubling of a debt. It can be seen as a gentleman's agreement which grants losers of an initial bet a chance to win their money back, with minimal risk to the winner.
Everything (software)
Everything is a freeware desktop search utility for Windows that can rapidly find files and folders by name. While the binaries are licensed under a permissive licence identical to the MIT License, it is not open-source.

MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts few restrictions on reuse and has high license compatibility.

Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License allows reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. In 2015 and 2025, the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub.

Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Node.js, Lua, jQuery, .NET, Angular, and React.
Chukwu
Chukwu // ⓘ is the supreme being of Igbo spirituality. In the Igbo pantheon, Chukwu is the source of all other Igbo deities and is responsible for assigning them their different tasks. The Igbo people believe that all things come from Chukwu (Chiukwu), who brings the rain necessary for plants to grow and controls everything on Earth and the spiritual world. They believe Chukwu to be an undefinable omnipotent and omnipresent supreme deity that encompasses everything in space and space itself.

Linguistic studies suggest that the name "Chukwu" is a portmanteau of the Igbo words "chi" ("spiritual being") and "ukwu" ("great").

Omnipresence
Omnipresence or ubiquity is the attribute of being present anywhere and everywhere. The term omnipresence is most often used in a religious context as an attribute of a deity or supreme being, while the term ubiquity is generally used to describe something "existing or being everywhere at the same time, constantly encountered, widespread, common". Ubiquitous is also used synonymously with other words, including: worldwide, universal, global, pervasive, and all over the place.

The omnipresence of a supreme being is conceived differently by different religious systems. In monotheistic religions like Islam, Christianity and Judaism, the divine and the universe are separate, but the divine is in attributes present everywhere. In pantheistic beliefs, the divine and the universe are identical. In panentheistic beliefs, the divine interpenetrates the universe, but extends beyond it in time and space.
Tom Angley
Thomas Samuel Angley (October 2, 1904 – October 26, 1952) was a Major League Baseball catcher for the Chicago Cubs in April 1929. He was a native of Baltimore, Maryland and attended Georgia Tech.

In Angley's career, he had 6 RBI in 16 at bats. In five games he was 4-for-16 (.250) with one double and two walks. He also handled 30 of 31 chances successfully in the field.

Total chances
In baseball statistics, total chances (TC), also called chances offered, represents the number of plays in which a defensive player has participated. It is the sum of putouts plus assists plus errors. Chances accepted refers to the total of putouts and assists only.
Seui Laau
Seui Laau (c. 1942 – January 26, 2012) was an American Samoan politician and Senator. Laau was the chairman of the American Samoa Senate Government Operations Committee at the time of his death in 2012.

Laau died at LBJ Medical Center in Faga'alu, American Samoa, at 11:30 p.m. on January 26, 2012, at the age of 69. He was survived by his wife, Palepa, and children, including Rep. Larry Sanitoa, a member of the American Samoa House of Representatives. A small service was held at the hospital chapel, attended by Governor Togiola Tulafono, First Lady Mary Ann Tulafono, village elders and members of the Senate.

LBJ Tropical Medical Center
Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center is the rural general hospital in American Samoa, and is the only public hospital located in Faga'alu, Maoputasi County.  It has been ranked among the best hospitals in the Pacific Ocean. It is home to an emergency room and there are doctors on duty at all hours. It is a 150-bed facility. It includes TB, leprosy and obstetric units. The hospital was built in 1968 and is operating under a $50 million budget as of 2017. The executive director is Taufete'e John Faumuina.
John Harsanyi
John Charles Harsanyi (Hungarian: Harsányi János Károly; May 29, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was a Hungarian-American economist who spent most of his career at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1994.

Harsanyi is best known for his contributions to the study of game theory and its application to economics, specifically for his developing the highly innovative analysis of games of incomplete information, so-called Bayesian games. He also made important contributions to the use of game theory and economic reasoning in political and moral philosophy (specifically utilitarian ethics) as well as contributing to the study of equilibrium selection. For his work, he was a co-recipient along with John Nash and Reinhard Selten of the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

He moved to the United States in 1956, and spent most of his life there. According to György Marx, he was one of The Martians.

György Marx
György Marx (25 May 1927 – 2 December 2002) was a Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist, science historian and professor. He discovered the lepton numbers and established the law of lepton flavor conservation.
Emkaytee Airfield
Emkaytee Airfield, also known as MKT Airfield is a private airport in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Weddell, Northern Territory about 40 km (25 mi) south of the territory capital of Darwin City. The airfield has been operated by the Meyering family since 1980. Predominately used for recreational flying by ultralight aircraft, Emkaytee also provides flight training, aircraft maintenance and fuel supplies. The airfield has been used by the Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, customs and emergency services as a training and staging facility. Based on aircraft movements Emkaytee is the Northern Territory's second busiest after Darwin International Airport and provides an alternative destination for visiting light aircraft.

Darwin central business district
Darwin City (also referred to as Darwin city centre or The CBD) is a suburb in metropolitan Darwin which comprises the original settlement, the central business district, parkland and other built-up areas. It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people. It is original site of occupation and includes many of the city's important institutions and landmarks, such as Parliament, Government House, the Northern Territory Supreme Court, Bicentennial Park and the George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens. The city centre is located in the local government areas of the City of Darwin and the Darwin Waterfront Precinct.

Although the city centre is one of the most developed areas of Darwin, demographically it is one of the less densely populated, due to its core being commercial.
Calcium metabolism
Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of the body, and between body compartments: the blood plasma, the extracellular and intracellular fluids, and  bone.  Bone acts as a calcium storage center for deposits and withdrawals as needed by the blood via continual bone remodeling.: 276–277

An important aspect of calcium metabolism is plasma calcium homeostasis, the regulation of calcium ions in the blood plasma within narrow limits. The level of the calcium in plasma is regulated by the hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. PTH is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands when the plasma calcium level falls below the normal range in order to raise it; calcitonin is released by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland when the plasma level of calcium is above the normal range in order to lower it.

Enterocyte
Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells which line the inner surface of the small and large intestines. A glycocalyx surface coat contains digestive enzymes. Microvilli on the apical surface increase its surface area. This facilitates transport of numerous small molecules into the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen. These include broken down proteins, fats, and sugars, as well as water, electrolytes, vitamins, and bile salts. Enterocytes also have an endocrine role, secreting hormones such as leptin.
Bergensfjord (ship)
Bergensfjord is the name of several ships:

SS Bergensfjord, a ship used by the Norwegian America Line, 1913–1946

MS Bergensfjord (1955), an ocean liner operated by the Norwegian America Line, 1955–1971

MS Bergensfjord (1993), a passenger ferry renamed Oslofjord

MF Bergensfjord (2006), a passenger ferry operated by Fjord1 between Mortavika and Arsvågen in Norway (Norwegian article)

MS Bergensfjord (2013), a passenger ferry operated by Fjord Line

SS Bergensfjord
SS Bergensfjord was a Norwegian ocean liner that sailed for the Norwegian America Line to the United States. During the Second World War she was requisitioned by the British Ministry of War Transport and used as a troop ship. After the war she continued sailing as a Trans-Atlantic passenger liner, first for South American owners, then for an Israeli company.
Ano Liosia
Ano Liosia (Greek: Άνω Λιόσια) is a town and a former municipality in the northern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Fyli, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 38.447 km2.

Acharnes
Acharnes, also known as Menidi, is a municipality in the East Attica regional unit in Greece. With 108,169 inhabitants (2021 census), it is the ninth most populous municipality in Greece. It lies just north of the Athens urban area.
Scott Anderson (writer)
Scott Anderson (born 1959) is an American writer, novelist, non-fiction author, and war correspondent. He has authored non-fiction books including Lawrence in Arabia, The Man Who Tried to Save the World, and War Zones, as well as the novels Triage and Moonlight Hotel. He is a frequent contributor to the New York Times Magazine, GQ, Esquire, Men's Journal, Vanity Fair and other publications.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Collaborative search engine
Collaborative search engines (CSE) are web search engines and enterprise searches within company intranets that let users combine their efforts in information retrieval (IR) activities, share information resources collaboratively using knowledge tags, and allow experts to guide less experienced people through their searches. Collaboration partners do so by providing query terms, collective tagging, adding comments or opinions, rating search results, and links clicked of former (successful) IR activities to users having the same or a related information need.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Şurabaş
Şurabaş (Tatar: Шурабаш, romanized: Şurabaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 448 as of 2010.
Şurabaş is located 48 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 108 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 18th century.
There are 7 streets in the village.

Arsk
Arsk (Russian: Арск, IPA: [ˈarsk]; Tatar: Арча) is a town and the administrative center of Arsky District in Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Kazanka River, 65 kilometers (40 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 18,114.
2024 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior
The 2024 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior (also known as Copinha Sicredi 2024 for sponsorship reasons), was the 54th edition of the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior, a youth football competition, organized by the São Paulo Federation of Football (FPF). Corinthians won the competition after defeating Cruzeiro in the final on a score of 1–0, giving the Paulista team their 11th trophy of the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior.

Considered one of the most traditional in Brazil, the 2024 edition took place between January 2 and 25 and was contested by 128 teams divided into 32 groups. The top two teams in each group advanced to the next stage, which were played in knockout matches. Therefore, the teams reduced by half at each stage until the final.

The two-time champions in a row, Palmeiras were the defending champions of the competition having won in 2022 and the year before, 2023, but were eliminated in the Round of 16 after an upsetting 1–0 defeat to Aster Brasil.

Federação Paulista de Futebol
Federação Paulista de Futebol (FPF) is the governing body of association football within the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It was founded on 22 April 1941, and currently organises the Campeonato Paulista, the Copa São Paulo de Juniores and the Copa Paulista de Futebol, among others.
Football at the 1993 East Asian Games
Football at the 1993 East Asian Games refers to a football tournament held during the East Asian Games. All matches were played in Shanghai, China PR in May 1993. South Korea, which remained undefeated through the tournament and conceded only one goal in 5 matches, topped the points table.

East Asian Games
The East Asian Games was a multi-sport event organized by the East Asian Games Association and held every four years from 1993 to 2013. Among those who competed included athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia, as well as the Pacific island nation of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

The East Asian Games was one of five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia. The others are the Central Asian Games, the South Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games, and the West Asian Games.

It ended after the 2013 tournament, the games later transforming into East Asian Youth Games, with Mongolia's Ulaanbaatar hosting the inaugural edition.