hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Junping Du
Junping Du (Chinese: 杜军平) is a Chinese computer scientist with highly varied research interests including publications on image restoration, crowdsourced face recognition, document summarization, distributed consensus, computational trust, virtualization in Hadoop-based distributed computation, multi-agent systems, state estimation for tracking mobile robots, training of neural networks, signal processing using Kalman filters, and robust control for automated vehicles. She is a professor of computer science at the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.

Du was born in Beijing, and completed a Ph.D. in computer science at the University of Science and Technology Beijing in 1998. She joined the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2006, after postdoctoral research at Tsinghua University.

She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, "for contributions to modeling and intelligent analysis of big data".

State observer
In control theory, a state observer, state estimator, or Luenberger observer is a system that provides an estimate of the internal state of a given real system, from measurements of the input and output of the real system.  It is typically computer-implemented, and provides the basis of many practical applications.

Knowing the system state is necessary to solve many control theory problems; for example, stabilizing a system using state feedback. In most practical cases, the physical state of the system cannot be determined by direct observation. Instead, indirect effects of the internal state are observed by way of the system outputs.  A simple example is that of vehicles in a tunnel: the rates and velocities at which vehicles enter and leave the tunnel can be observed directly, but the exact state inside the tunnel can only be estimated.  If a system is observable, it is possible to fully reconstruct the system state from its output measurements using the state observer.
Pristimantis savagei
Pristimantis savagei is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Boyacá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, and Meta Departments, as well as in the Serranía de la Macarena (Meta Department). The specific name savagei honours Jay M. Savage, an American herpetologist. Nevertheless, common name Pyburn's robber frog has been coined for it.

Meta Department
Meta Department (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmeta]) is one of the 32 departments that compose the Republic of Colombia. Largely located within the country's Orinoquía natural region and covered by the Llanos, it is close to the geographic center of the country, east of the Andes mountains. Its capital is the city of Villavicencio.
Ibla
Ibla is a genus of barnacle. In 1848, Charles Darwin studied the genus and found species with hermaphrodites and tiny males. In this genus the number of androdioecious species is uncertain because some authors use the words female and hermaphrodite interchangeably.

Androdioecy
Androdioecy is a reproductive system characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites. Androdioecy is rare in comparison with the other major reproductive systems: dioecy, gynodioecy and  hermaphroditism. In animals, androdioecy has been considered a stepping stone in the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism, and vice versa.

Androdioecy, trioecy and gynodioecy are sometimes referred to as a mixed mating systems. Androdioecy is a dimorphic sexual system in plants comparable with gynodioecy and dioecy.
Lo Mato
Lo Mato (Si No Compra Este LP) (transl. I'll Kill Him (If You Don't Buy this LP) is the eighth studio album by Willie Colón and Héctor Lavoe, released during 1973 by Fania Records. It was the fourth of Colón and Lavoe's records to go gold, after Cosa Nuestra (1970), La Gran Fuga (1971), and El Juicio (1972).

The cover shows a variant of the National Lampoon, January 1973 cover If you don't buy this magazine, we'll kill this dog. The man being held up on the cover, while reversing the roles with Willie on the floor on the reverse, was José R. Padrón.

In 2022, the album was completely remastered and recut for vinyl from the original master tapes by engineer Kevin Gray, which was released by Craft Latino, the reissue label of Concord Music, the owner of the Fania catalog.

Willie Colón
William Anthony Colón Román (April 28, 1950 – February 21, 2026) was an American salsa musician and social activist. He began his career as a trombonist but also sang, wrote, produced and acted. Colón was a pioneer of salsa music and a best-selling artist in the genre, having been a key figure in the beginnings of the New York City scene associated with Fania Records. He was also noteworthy for having assumed the gangster image in his album covers before it was culturally popular. From the 1980s on, he was at times deeply involved in the politics of New York City. His hit songs include "Pedro Navaja", "Aguanilé", "Tiburón", and "El gran varón".
Briggs Farm Blues Festival
Briggs Farm Blues Festival is an annual blues music festival that takes place in Nescopeck, Pennsylvania, in the Northeast Pennsylvania. since the summer of 1998. The festival is hosted every July on the farmland owned by the Briggs family.

Briggs Farm offers concertgoers a weekend of blues, camping, southern-style barbequed food, and an informal atmosphere. In 2014, more than 6,000 people attended the festival.

Big Jack Johnson
Jack N. Johnson, known as Big Jack Johnson (July 30, 1939 or 1940 – March 14, 2011) was an American electric blues musician, one of the "present-day exponents of an edgier, electrified version of the raw, uncut Delta blues sound." He was one of a small number of blues musicians who played the mandolin. He won a W. C. Handy Award in 2003 for best acoustic blues album.
George Street, Richmond
George Street, at the confluence of the A305 and A307 roads, is the high street in Richmond, London and was one of the first streets to be developed in the town. Previously known as Great Street, it was renamed after King George III in 1769. Buildings on the street include the Grade II listed Greyhound House, formerly
the Greyhound Hotel, in a building dating from the 1730s.

Bank teller
A bank teller (North American English) or a bank clerk (British English, Australian English and New Zealand English) (often abbreviated to simply teller or clerk) is an employee of a bank whose responsibilities include the handling of customer cash and negotiable instruments. In some places, this employee is known as a cashier or customer representative. Tellers also deal with routine customer service at a branch.
2025 Open Angers Arena Loire – Doubles
Tamara Korpatsch and Jessika Ponchet won the title, defeating Jesika Malečková and Miriam Škoch in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Monica Niculescu and Elena-Gabriela Ruse were the defending champions, but chose not to compete.

Jessika Ponchet
Jessika Ponchet (born 26 September 1996) is a French professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 104 in singles, achieved on 9 September 2024, and No. 101 in doubles, reached on 28 November 2022.
Outline of Milan
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Milan:

Milan – capital of Lombardy and the second most populous city in Italy after Rome. Milan is considered a leading Alpha Global City, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. The city has long been named a fashion capital of the world and a world's design capital, thanks to several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair, which are currently among the world's biggest in terms of revenue, visitors and growth. Milan is the destination of 8 million overseas visitors every year, attracted by its museums and art galleries that boast some of the most important collections in the world, including major works by Leonardo da Vinci.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Bogdan Łysak
Bogdan Stanisław Łysak (12 May 1936 – 16 December 2022) was a Polish engineer and politician. A member of the Alliance of Democrats, he served in the Sejm from 1976 to 1985.

Łysak died on 16 December 2022, at the age of 86.

Alliance of Democrats (Poland)
The Alliance of Democrats (Polish: Stronnictwo Demokratyczne, SD), also known as the Democratic Party, is a Polish centre-left party. Initially formed in 1937, the party underwent a revival in 2009, when it was joined by liberal politician Paweł Piskorski, formerly a member of the Civic Platform.
Krzysztof Arciszewski
Krzysztof Arciszewski (9 December 1592 in Rogalin – 7 April 1656 near Gdańsk, Poland) was a Polish nobleman, military officer, engineer, and ethnographer. Arciszewski also served as a general of artillery for the Netherlands and Poland.

He was brought up in a family of devout members of the Polish Brethren Church - his father was a pastor, and his cousin was the celebrated theologian Jonasz Szlichtyng. As a young man he served under Krzysztof Radziwiłł. After murdering Kacper Jaruzel Brzeźnicki, he was condemned to infamy and exile, and left Poland in 1623. He went to the Netherlands where he settled in the Hague. There he converted to Calvinism. Thanks to support of Krzysztof Radziwiłł he was able to study artillery, military engineering and navigation at Leiden University. In 1637 he became a vice-governor of Dutch Brazil and head chief of Dutch military forces in that country.

In 1646 he returned to Poland, where he became General of the Artillery.

Polish Brethren
The Polish Brethren (Polish: Bracia Polscy) were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called "Arians" or "Socinians" (Polish: arianie, socynianie), but themselves preferred simply to be called "Brethren" or "Christians" (and, after their expulsion from Poland, "Unitarians").
Stargard Industrial Park
Stargard Industrial Park (Polish: Stargardzki Park Przemysłowy) is an industrial park in Stargard, a district town in north-west Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship). The total area is about 150 ha. In the area: harbours (Police Harbour (Police) and Szczecin-Świnoujście Harbour (Szczecin and Świnoujście)), road and rail transport, Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport (Goleniów) and a centre of Stargard.

Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Police (Polish: [pɔˈlʲit͡sɛ]; German: Pölitz) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County and one of the biggest towns of the Szczecin metropolitan area.

The town is situated on the Oder River and its estuary, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The centre of Police is situated about 15 kilometres (9 miles) north of the centre of Szczecin.
Avasarala Rao
Avasarala Padmanabha Rao (born 12 September 1959) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and left-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Assam. He was born in Madras.

Rao made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1987–88 season, against Bengal. From the upper-middle order, he scored a duck in the only innings in which he batted. He took figures of 0-7 from 2 overs.

Bengal cricket team
The  Bengal cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the state of West Bengal. The team is based in Kolkata. It is administered by the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) and participates in tournaments organized by the Board of Control of Cricket in India (BCCI). The team competes in the First-class cricket competition known as the Ranji Trophy, the List A cricket Vijay Hazare Trophy, and the T20 competition Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT).

They have been playing first-class cricket since 1935. Bengal have won the Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up 13 times. They also play in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy and the Vijay Hazare Trophy, both of which they have won once.

Several international cricketers have played for the team including Dilip Doshi, Sourav Ganguly, Deep Dasgupta, Mohammed Shami, Pankaj Roy, and Wriddhiman Saha.
Metomidate
Metomidate is a non-barbiturate imidazole that was discovered by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1965 and under the names (Hypnodil, Nokemyl) is sold as a sedative-hypnotic drug used in Europe to treat humans and for veterinary purposes.

11C-labelled metomidate (11C-metomidate), may be used with positron emission tomography (PET). For instance, to detect tumors of adrenocortical origin.

Imidazole
Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2NHCHN. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. It can be classified as a heterocycle, specifically as a diazole.

Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.

When fused to a pyrimidine ring, it forms a purine, which is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.

The name "imidazole" was coined in 1887 by the German chemist Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935).
Captain Nice
Captain Nice is an American television sitcom that ran from January 9, 1967, to August 28, 1967, Monday nights at 8:30 pm EST on NBC, opposite ABC's The Rat Patrol and CBS's The Lucy Show.  The show was an unsuccessful attempt to cash in on the 1966 smash hit ABC TV version of Batman. A similar series on CBS,  Mr. Terrific, also aired on Monday nights that season in the 8 pm EST time slot.

A single-issue comic book adaptation was published by Gold Key Comics in November 1967. Reruns of Captain Nice aired on Ha! (Comedy Central) in 1991.

The Rat Patrol
The Rat Patrol is an American action and adventure television series that aired on ABC between 1966 and 1968. The show follows the exploits of four Allied soldiers – three Americans and one British – who are part of a long-range desert patrol group in the North African campaign during World War II. Their mission: "to attack, harass and wreak havoc on Field Marshal Rommel's vaunted Afrika Korps".
Ángel Matías
Ángel Matías (born July 30, 1976) is a volleyball player from Puerto Rico, who was a member of the Men's National Team that ended up in second place at the 2007 Pan-American Cup in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. There he was named Best Defender of the tournament.

Puerto Rico men's national volleyball team
The Puerto Rico men's national volleyball team represents Puerto Rico in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. In 2007 the squad won the silver medal at the NORCECA Volleyball Championship after defeating Cuba in the semi-finals. With that performance Puerto Rico for the first time qualified for the Volleyball World Cup, later that year in Japan.
Julian White
Julian Martin White MBE (born 14 May 1973) is an English Landowner, best known for his time playing professional rugby union as a prop for Leicester Tigers and England. White was regarded as an aggressive tighthead prop, one of the most powerful forwards in the game, and for his destructive scrummaging.

Scrum (rugby union)
In rugby union, a scrum is a means of restarting play after a minor infringement. It involves up to eight players from each team, known as the pack or forward pack, binding together in three rows and interlocking with the three opposing teams front row. At this point the ball is fed into the gap between the two forward packs and they both compete for the ball to win possession. Teams can be penalised for intentionally causing the scrum to collapse, and for not putting the ball into the scrum correctly. A scrum is most commonly awarded when the ball is knocked forward, or passed forward, or when a ball becomes trapped in a ruck or maul. Because of the physical nature of scrums, injuries can occur, especially in the front row.
Fourth Liberty Loans: I Had A Son
Fourth Liberty Loans: I Had A Son is a short film from Ken G. Hall made for propaganda purposes in World War Two.

It was part of the Fourth Liberty Loans campaign by the Australian government.

The film was criticised in some sectors.

Ken G. Hall
Kenneth George Hall AO OBE (22 February 1901 – 8 February 1994) was an Australian film producer and director, considered one of the most important figures in the history of the Australian film industry. He was the first Australian to win an Academy Award.
Josh Pinkard
Josh Pinkard (born April 2, 1986) is an American former professional football cornerback. He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent. He played high school football at Hueneme High School in Oxnard, California.

Junior (education year)
A junior is a person in the third year at an educational institution in the US and some other countries, usually at a secondary school or at the college and university level, but also in other forms of post-secondary educational institutions. In United States high schools, a junior is an eleventh-grade student; juniors are considered upperclassmen.
Ophichthus singapurensis
Ophichthus singapurensis is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Pieter Bleeker in either 1864 or 1865. It is a marine, tropical eel endemic to Singapore. However, it is also possibly found in Thailand.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Mads Christian
Mads Christian Lyhne (born 9 February 2000), better known as Mads Christian, is a Danish singer who competed in the ninth season of the Danish series of The X Factor. Only 15 years old entering the contest, he was eliminated in live show 4, coming in 6th place. Christian released his first single, "Crash Landing", in June 2016, and "Clothes", "Gucci Shoes" and "Just Give Me Time" in early 2017 during his time with Warner Music. Christian was signed by Mermaid Records in March 2018, where he took on a project to release an album in Danish. The eight-song album Naiv was released in February 2019, yet prior to this the singles "Du Ringer Bare", "Engangsting", "Hva' ska vi nå?" and "Romeo & Julie" from the album were released, starting May 2018. All songs on the album were written and co-composed by Christian. Christian was later signed by Capitol Records, Universal Music Denmark and released an average of five new songs per year, as well as touring nationally both solo and with his band.

X Factor (Danish TV series) season 9
X Factor is a Danish television music competition to find new singing talent. In season 9, Sofie Linde Lauridsen replaced Eva Harlou as host. Thomas Blachman and Remee returned for their respective eighth and sixth seasons as judges, joined by newcomer Mette Lindberg. Lina Rafn, after four seasons as a judge, did not return. The winners were Embrace and Remee became the winning mentor for the third time and for the first time in the Danish X Factor history a judge has won two years in a row.
Forres Castle
Forres Castle was a fort and castle built near Forres, Scotland. The fort was destroyed in 850 by Vikings. Forres was created a royal burgh by King David I of Scotland in 1140. The castle, once a royal castle, was built as a motte and bailey castle and was strengthened in the 14th century. It was demolished in 1297 by the adherents of Wallace. King William the Lion and King Alexander II of Scotland visited and stayed at the castle. King David II of Scotland stayed at the castle in 1346. It was burned by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan in 1390. Held by the Dunbars of Westfield until the 17th century, it fell into ruins. Nothing now remains above ground.

William the Lion
William the Lion (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam an Leòmhann), sometimes styled William I (Uilleam MacEanraig; Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric) and also known by the nickname Garbh, 'the Rough' (c. 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.
Thomas Grendelmeier
Thomas Grendelmeier (born c. 1961) is a former Swiss curler. He played third position on the Swiss rink that won the 1986 European Curling Championship.

At the time of the 1987 World championship, he was employed as a mechanical engineer.

1986 European Curling Championships
The 1986 European Curling Championships were held from 9 to 13 December at the Hvidovre Ice Rink arena in Copenhagen, Denmark.

The Swiss men's team skipped by Felix Luchsinger won their sixth title and the West German women's team skipped by Andrea Schöpp won their second title.
Elizabeth Hooton
Elizabeth Hooton (née Carrier) (1600 – January 8, 1672) was an English Dissenter and one of the earliest preachers in the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers. She was born in Nottingham, England. She was beaten and imprisoned for propagating her beliefs; she was the first woman to become a Quaker minister. She is considered one of the Valiant Sixty, a group of celebrated Friends preachers. Her surname is sometimes spelled Hooten.

Valiant Sixty
The Valiant Sixty were a group of early activists and itinerant preachers in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Mainly from northern England, they spread the ideas of the Friends in the second half of the 17th century. They were also called the First Publishers of Truth. In fact they numbered more than 60.
1932 Marquette Golden Avalanche football team
The 1932 Marquette Golden Avalanche football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1932 college football season. In its eleventh season under head coach Frank Murray, the team compiled a 4–3–1 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 98 to 48. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.

Frank Murray was Marquette's head football coach for 19 years and was posthumously inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983.

1932 college football season
The 1932 college football season saw the Michigan Wolverines win the Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy as national champion under the math-based Dickinson System.  Because the "Big Nine" conference didn't permit its teams to play in the postseason, however, the Wolverines were not able to accept a bid to the Rose Bowl. As such, the Pasadena game matched the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, USC and Pittsburgh, with the USC Trojans winning the east–west matchup 35–0. The other four contemporary math system selectors (the Boand, Dunkel, Houlgate, and Williamson Systems) all selected USC as national champion. This was also the last season NFL would use college football rules.