hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mal (prince)
Mal (died 946) was a Drevlian prince, and was the leader of the 945 revolt against Igor of Kiev. Immediately following the revolt, which led to Igor's death, Mal attempted to marry the widowed Olga of Kiev. In foreign sources, he bears the name of "Niskinia"  (according to Jan Długosz), and "Malditt" (according to Sigmund von Herberstein). Mal's name is attributed to the Ukrainian city of Malyn.

According to Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev, the Ioachim Chronicle states that Mal was a "Drevlian Prince, the son of Niskinia".

The component "mal" was part of a number of Celtic names, such as Gaulish "Malorix", or Old Irish "Cathmal".

Sigismund von Herberstein
Siegmund (Sigismund) Freiherr von Herberstein (or Baron Sigismund von Herberstein; 23 August 1486 – 28 March 1566) was a Carniolan diplomat, writer, historian and member of the Holy Roman Empire Imperial Council. He was most noted for his extensive writing on the geography, history and customs of Russia, and contributed greatly to early Western European knowledge of that area.
Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial
The Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial (ETAT) is an international contemporary art festival held once every three years in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The festival was created by the Tokyo commercial gallery Art Front Gallery (AFG) and is directed by gallery director Fram Kitagawa.  It was first held in 2000, and has since become one of Japan's largest art festivals, recurring every three years with the exception of 2021 when it was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It takes place across six regions of the prefecture, an area known for its heavy snowfall. These six regions—which include Tokamachi, Kawanishi, Nakasato, Matsushiro, Matsunoyama, and Tsunan—together comprise the Echigo-Tsumari Art Field. Since its inception, ETAT has been designed around the close-knit relationship between humankind and nature, and its art installations are chosen and curated to effectively contribute to this narrative.

Ilya Kabakov
Ilya Iosifovich Kabakov (Ukrainian: Ілля Йосипович Кабаков; Russian: Илья́ Ио́сифович Кабако́в; September 30, 1933 – May 27, 2023) was an American and Soviet conceptual artist, born in Dnipropetrovsk in what was then the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, now Ukraine. He worked for thirty years in Moscow, from the 1950s until the late 1980s. After emigrating to the United States he lived and worked on Long Island.
Sahdev Prasad Yadav
Sahdeo Prasad Yadav was an Indian politician, an excise minister in the Government of Bihar and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly of India. He represented the Kurtha constituency in Arwal district of Bihar. He had been a Mukhiya of Chitaukhar-Jalalpur Panchayat for almost 25 years. First he became an MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) in 1980 while being in Lok Dal party. He was elected in 1995 as a member of Janata Dal. Yadav started his political career in 1957 as an Independent candidate from Tikari constituency but lost. Later this constituency named as Konch (Vidhan Sabha constituency), now again becomes Tikari constituency from 2010 onwards. He also fought from here as a candidate of Indian National Congress in 1967 but lost to U. N. Verma of Samyukta Socialist Party and in 1969 lost to Ram Balav Saran Singh.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
The American Place Theatre
The American Place Theatre was founded in 1963 by Wynn Handman, Sidney Lanier, and Michael Tolan at St. Clement's Church, 423 West 46th Street in Hell's Kitchen, New York City, and was incorporated as a not-for-profit theatre in that year. Tennessee Williams and Myrna Loy were two of the original board members.

Aasif Mandvi
Aasif Hakim Mandviwala, known professionally as Aasif Mandvi (/ˈɑːsɪf ˈmɑːndvi/, AH-sif MAHND-vee), is a British actor. He was a correspondent on The Daily Show from 2006 to 2017. Mandvi's other television work includes the HBO comedy series The Brink and the CBS/Paramount+ psychological drama Evil. His film roles include playing Mr. Aziz in Spider-Man 2 and Commander Zhao in The Last Airbender. His stage work includes appearing on Broadway as Ali Hakim in Oklahoma! and in productions of Disgraced (2012), which won the Pulitzer Prize in 2013.
Diocese of Orihuela-Alicante
The Diocese of Orihuela-Alicante (Latin: Dioecesis Oriolensis-Lucentinus)  is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the cities of Orihuela  and Alicante in the ecclesiastical province of Valencia in Spain. It was established as   Diocese of Orihuela from the Diocese of Cartagena in 1564, obtaining its current denomination in 1959.

Orihuela
Orihuela (Valencian: Oriola) is a city and municipality located at the foot of the Sierra de Orihuela mountains in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain. The city is in one of the few Spanish-speaking areas of the Valencian Community.

The city of Orihuela had a population of 33,943 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013. The municipality has an area of 367.19 km2, and stretches all the way down to the Mediterranean coast, west of Torrevieja, and had a total population of 92,000 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013. This includes not only the city of Orihuela, but also the coastal tourist development hub (urbanización turística) of Dehesa de Campoamor with 33,277 inhabitants (2013) and a few other villages.

The river Segura flows through Orihuela. The city was settled by Romans who called it Orcelis and subsequently Aurariola (Latin: "breeze").
Moore Bede
The Moore Bede (Cambridge, University Library, Kk. 5. 16) is an early manuscript of Bede's 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People). It was formerly owned by Bishop John Moore (1646–1714), whose collection of books and manuscripts was purchased by George I and donated to Cambridge University.

John Moore (bishop of Ely)
John Moore (1646–1714) was Bishop of Norwich (1691–1707) and Bishop of Ely (1707–1714) and was a famous bibliophile whose vast collection of books forms the surviving "Royal Library" within Cambridge University Library.
Outline of Mauritania
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mauritania:

Mauritania – sovereign country located in West Africa.  Mauritania is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Senegal on the southwest, by Mali on the east and southeast, by Algeria on the northeast, and by the Morocco-controlled Western Sahara on the northwest. It is named after the ancient Berber kingdom of Mauretania. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.

Mauritanian ouguiya
The ouguiya (Arabic: أوقية موريتانية (IPA: [u.ɡij.jə]); sign: UM; code: MRU), at one time spelled "ougiya", is the currency of Mauritania. Each ouguiya constitutes five khoums (meaning "one fifth").

The current ouguiya was introduced in 2018, replacing the old ouguiya at a rate of 1 new ouguiya = 10 old ouguiya, which in turn replaced the CFA franc at a rate of 1 old ouguiya = 5 francs.
The name ouguiya (أوقية) is the Hassaniya Arabic pronunciation of uqiyyah أُوقِية), meaning "(Roman) ounce".
Conrad Trubenbach
Conrad Trubenbach (November 4, 1882 – June 30, 1961) was an American swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1908 Summer Olympics: Men's 100 metres freestyle and Men's 400 meter Freestyle.

In 1905, Trubenback was the IC4A swim champion at Columbia University.  From 1905 to 1910, he played for the New York AC water polo team.  Trubenbach later became President of the Perey Turnstile Company in New York.

100 metre freestyle
The 100 metre freestyle is often considered to be the highlight (Blue Ribbon event) of the sport of swimming, like 100 metres in the sport of athletics, symbolizing the pinnacle of speed and athleticism in swimming competitions.

The first swimmer to break the one-minute barrier (long course) was Johnny Weissmuller, in 1922. The current world records holders are Pan Zhanle who broke the record in Paris 2024 Olympics  and Sarah Sjöström (since 2017).

Australian Dawn Fraser won the event a record three times at the Olympics, and she is the only woman to win it more than once. Four men, American Duke Kahanamoku, Weissmuller, Russian Alexander Popov, and Dutchman Pieter van den Hoogenband won the event at the Olympics twice. Popov was also world champion (held since 1973) three times.
Civil defense by country
Many countries around the world have civil defense organizations dedicated to protecting civilians from military attacks and providing rescue services after widespread disasters. In most countries, civil defense is a government-managed and often volunteer-staffed organization.

Towards the end of the Cold War, a number of civil defense organizations have been disbanded or mothballed (as in the case of the Royal Observer Corps in the United Kingdom and the United States civil defense), while others have changed their focuses into providing rescue services after natural disasters (as for the State Emergency Service in Australia).

State Emergency Service
The State Emergency Service (SES) is the name used by a number of separate civil defence organisations in Australia that provide assistance during and after major incidents. Specifically, the services deal with fires, floods, storms and tsunamis, but can also assist in other emergencies, such as vertical and road crash rescues, missing person searches and medical evacuations. The SES also has the capacity to respond to man-made disasters, including nuclear, biological and chemical incidents. In other scenarios, the SES may act in a supporting capacity to assist other agencies, such as police and fire brigades. Most SES divisions are operational 24 hours a day. The SES is constituted as separate organisations under the various Australian states and territories. Eight of the SES organisations co-ordinate through the Australian Council of State and Territory Emergency Services (ACSES).
Shankar Salim Simon
Shankar Salim Simon is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language masala film directed by P. Madhavan. It stars Vijayakumar as Shankar, Jai Ganesh as Salim and Rajinikanth as Simon. The film was inspired by the 1977 Hindi film Amar Akbar Anthony, and was released on 10 February 1978.

Masala film
Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action, comedy, romance, and drama, or melodrama. They also tend to be musicals, often including songs filmed in picturesque locations.

The genre is named after the masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine. According to The Hindu, masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s.
Kwelera National Botanical Garden
The Kwelera National Botanical Garden is located at the Kwelera Nature Reserve on the Wild Coast of the Eastern Cape. It lies at the mouth of the Kwelera River. The garden is the 10th national botanical garden established in South Africa and the first in the Eastern Cape.

Wild Coast Region, Eastern Cape
The Wild Coast is a section of the coast of the Eastern Cape, a province of South Africa. The region stretches from East London in the south to the border of KwaZulu-Natal in the north. It is the traditional home of the Xhosa (Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondo, and Bomvana), and the birthplace of many prominent South Africans, including Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Zwelonke Sigcawu, Xolilizwe Sigcawu, Oliver Tambo and Thabo Mbeki.

The Wild Coast is crossed by the N2 National Road.
Moshe Heinemann
Rabbi Moshe Heinemann is an Orthodox rabbi and Posek who heads the Agudath Israel of Baltimore synagogue and is the rabbinical supervisor of the Star K kashrus certification agency. He studied for many years in Beis Midrash Govoha under Rabbi Aharon Kotler, and was ordained by Rabbi Moshe Feinstein.

He was born in Fürth, Germany in 1937. Moshe left with his parents for England shortly after Kristallnacht. They lived in England until the 1950s.

Rabbi Heinemann is widely consulted for rulings in matters of Halacha, often where complicated technology is involved.  He is an expert Mohel, Shochet, and Sofer, and has trained and certified numerous people in these, as well as other, areas of practical Halacha.  Rabbi Heinemann is also an expert on the construction of Eruvin and mikvehs, and is frequently consulted regarding these complicated areas of Halacha.

Mohel
A mohel (pronounced [moˈhel]; Hebrew: מוֹהֵל; Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation [ˈmɔɪ.əl]; pl. מוֹהֲלִים, mōhălîm [mo.haˈlim]; Imperial Aramaic: מוֹהֲלָא, romanized: mōhălāʾ, lit. 'circumciser') is a Jewish man trained in the practice of brit milah (lit. 'covenant [of] circumcision'). A woman who is trained in the practice is referred to as a mohelet (מוֹהֶלֶת; pl. מוֹהֲלוֹת, mōhălôt).
BRL-15572
BRL-15,572 is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist for the serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT1D, with around 60x selectivity over other related receptors. The 5-HT1D receptor has a very similar pharmacology to the closely related 5-HT1B receptor, and most older ligands for these receptors bind to both subtypes with approximately equal affinity, so development of compounds such as BRL-15572 which are able to selectively block the 5-HT1D subtype while leaving 5-HT1B unaffected, have been a significant advance which has helped scientists in researching the function of these serotonin receptor subtypes. One function of the 5-HT1D receptor this research has revealed is its role in modulating release of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain, as well as functions in regulation of cerebral blood pressure which are important in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Christian G. Petersen
Christian Gjestvang Petersen (born 25 May 1978) is a retired Norwegian football striker.

He was a part of a talented 1977–78 generation in Ski IL, also comprising future professionals Martin Andresen and Kenneth Løvlien and future coach Hans Erik Eriksen. They made the Oslo District team together with Hassan El Fakiri and Freddy dos Santos among others. Petersen represented Norway on u-17, u-18 and u-19 level.

Following a 1997 hat-trick in a friendly match against Tottenham Hotspur, in 1998 Petersen made his first-tier debut for Moss FK. Never becoming a top goalscorer, he went on to second-tier FK Oslo Øst in 2002. In the summer of 2003 he went to Fredrikstad FK. In the autumn of 2005 he went to Follo FK on loan, joining Follo permanently in the summer of 2006. He eventually changed position to defender, retiring after losing the 2010 Norwegian Football Cup Final.

2010 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 2010 Norwegian Football Cup final was the final match of the 2010 Norwegian Football Cup, the 105th season of the Norwegian Football Cup, the premier Norwegian football cup competition organized by the Football Association of Norway (NFF). The match was played on 14 November 2010 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, and was contested between the First Division side Follo and the Tippeligaen side Strømsgodset. Strømsgodset defeated Follo 2–0 to claim the Norwegian Cup for a fifth time in their history.
Gautam Govinda
Gautam-Govinda is a 1979 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Subhash Ghai. The film stars Shashi Kapoor, Shatrughan Sinha, Moushumi Chatterjee, Aruna Irani, Vijay Arora, Nirupa Roy, Premnath, Madan Puri in pivotal roles. Reena Roy appeared in a special appearance. The music was composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal.

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Inspiration Trust
Inspiration Trust is a multi-academy trust of academies and free schools in East Anglia, England.
The trust was founded by Theodore Agnew, Baron Agnew of Oulton as the East Norfolk Academy Trust in 2012, changing its name to the Inspiration Trust in 2013.
Although technically a limited company, as a multi-academy trust the company is an exempt charity, principally regulated by the Department for Education.

All the academies on the roster are in Norfolk, except East Point Academy, which is located in Lowestoft, Suffolk.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Special Security Force
The Special Security Force (Bengali: স্পেশাল সিকিউরিটি ফোর্স, romanized: Spēśāla siki'uriṭi phōrsa; abbreviated as SSF) is a Bangladeshi law enforcement agency that provides protection to the President, Prime Minister and the Chief Adviser as well as any person designated as a VVIP as per state protocol, including visiting foreign dignitaries.

Bangladesh Ansar
The Bangladesh Ansar and Village Defence Party (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ আনসার ও গ্রাম প্রতিরক্ষা দল, romanized: Bānlādeś Ānsār ō Grām Pratirakkhā Dal) is a paramilitary auxiliary force under the Ministry of Home Affairs with administrative and operational supervision by army officials. Established in 1948, Ansar and VDP is the largest paramilitary force in the world and supports the Bangladesh Police and other law enforcement agencies in maintaining internal security, rural protection, and community policing. It also plays a vital role in disaster response and community development programs across Bangladesh.
Gastrotheca trachyceps
Gastrotheca trachyceps is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to the Cauca Department, Colombia, and is known from its type locality, Cerro Munchique in the Cordillera Occidental, and Vereda Santa Elena (Popayán) in the Cordillera Central. The specific name trachyceps is said to be derived from Greek trachy meaning "rough" and Latin ceps meaning "head", in reference to the rough appearance of the head. The proper word in Latin for head, however, is caput. The common name Cerro Munchique marsupial frog has been coined for it.

Hemiphractidae
The Hemiphractidae are a family of frogs from South and Central America.  Previously, this group had been classified as a subfamily (Hemiphractinae) under family Hylidae.  More recent research classifies these genera into their own family, or sometimes into three separate families: Amphignathodontidae (Flectonotus and Gastrotheca), Cryptobatrachidae (Cryptobatrachus and Stefania), and Hemiphractidae (Hemiphractus and Fritziana).  An active question still exists as to which of these groupings is more accurate.
Mehmet Yağcı
Mehmet Yagci (born (1972-10-15)15 October 1972 in Sydney) is an Australian male weightlifter, competing in the 54 kg category and representing Australia at international competitions. He participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 56 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 1997 World Weightlifting Championships.

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 56 kg
The men's 56 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 16.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Phlox dolichantha
Phlox dolichantha is a species of phlox known by the common name Big Bear Valley phlox. It is endemic to San Bernardino County, California, where it is limited to the area around Big Bear Lake in the San Bernardino Mountains. It grows in forests and the unique local pebble plain habitat. It occurs at elevations over 2,000 meters (6,600 ft). It is an erect, branching perennial herb growing up to 30 centimeters (12 in) tall. The linear or narrowly lance-shaped leaves are 2 to 5 centimeters (0.79 to 1.97 in) long and are oppositely arranged on the slender stems. The inflorescence is made up of one or more showy flowers at the tip of the stem. Each flower has a very slender tubular throat up to 5 centimeters (2.0 in) long which can be white, pink, or lavender.

The flowers are pollinated by a variety of insects including the hawkmoth Hyles lineata and flies of the genera Anthomyia and Tachypeza.

Anthomyia
Anthomyia is a genus of flies in the family Anthomyiidae. They look rather like small houseflies, but commonly have conspicuous black-and-white patterning. This appears to be a mild form of aposematic coloration, though they do not appear to be distasteful unless they have eaten something offensive to the predator and have loaded their guts with it.
Top and bottom
Top and bottom can mean more than one thing.

In the context of particle physics:

Top quark

Bottom quark

In the context of sexuality:

Top, bottom and versatile, for penetrative acts

Top, bottom, switch (BDSM), for BDSM interaction

In mathematics:

the greatest element and least element of a partially ordered set

Greatest element and least element
In mathematics, especially in order theory, the greatest element of a subset  of a partially ordered set (poset) is an element of  that is greater than every other element of . The term least element is defined dually, that is, it is an element of  that is smaller than every other element of
Ben Haim
Ben Haim, also transliterated as Ben-Haim, Ben Hayim, Ben Hayyim and Ben-Chaim, is a Hebrew surname meaning "son of life" . Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron ben Hayyim (fl. 1836), Russian exegete

Avishai Ben-Haim (born 1968), Israeli journalist

Baruch Ben Haim (1921–2005), American rabbi

Eliyahu Ben Haim (born 1940), American rabbi

Maxime Ben Haïm, Moroccan painter

Paul Ben-Haim (1897–1984), Israeli composer

Tal Ben Haim (born 1982), Israeli footballer

Tal Ben Haim (footballer, born 1989), Israeli footballer

Yehuda Ben-Haim (1955–2012), Israeli boxer

Ze'ev Ben-Haim (born 1907), Israeli linguist

Zigi Ben-Haim (born 1945), American-Israeli sculptor and painter

Zemah ben Hayyim (fl. 889–895), Gaon of Sura

Tal Ben Haim (footballer, born 1989)
Tal Ben Haim (or Tal Ben Haim II, Hebrew: טל בן-חיים; born 5 August 1989), also known as Tal Ben Chaim, is an Israeli footballer who plays for Maccabi Petah Tikva as a winger. He can also play in the forward position.