hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Lutz
Jack Lutz is an American theoretical computer scientist best known for developing the concepts of resource-bounded measure and effective dimension; he has also published research on DNA computing and self-assembly. He is a professor of computer science and mathematics at Iowa State University.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Crates of Tralles
Crates of Tralles (Greek: Κράτης) was an orator or rhetorician in the school of Isocrates.

David Ruhnken (1768) assigns to Crates of Trallus the logoi dēmēgorikoi which Apollodorus of Athens ascribes to the Academic philosopher Crates of Athens. Further, Ruhnken writes, Gilles Ménage was wrong in supposing that Crates was mentioned by Lucian: the person mentioned by Lucian is Critias, an Athenian sculptor.

Apollodorus of Athens
Apollodorus of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, Apollodoros ho Athenaios; c. 180 BC – after 120 BC), son of Asclepiades, was a Greek scholar, historian, and grammarian. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon, Panaetius the Stoic, and the grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace, under whom he appears to have studied together with his contemporary Dionysius Thrax. He left (perhaps fled) Alexandria around 146 BC, most likely for Pergamon, and eventually settled in Athens.
Yale Law & Policy Review
The Yale Law & Policy Review (YLPR) is a biannual student-run law review founded in 1982 at the Yale Law School. YLPR publishes scholarship at the intersection of law and policy authored by lawmakers, judges, practitioners, academics, and students. YLPR also publishes shorter, timely pieces on its online forum, Inter Alia.

Past contributors include Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, John Paul Stevens, and Clarence Thomas; President Bill Clinton; Vice President Al Gore; Secretaries of State Hillary Clinton and Cyrus Vance; Senators Bill Bradley, Chris Coons, Tom Daschle John Edwards, Bill Frist, Ted Kennedy, Frank Lautenberg, Joe Lieberman, Arlen Specter, and Tom Udall; Governor Michael Dukakis, Ambassador John Negroponte; and Professors Richard Epstein, Harold Koh, Robert Post, and Cass Sunstein. The 2007 ExpressO Guide to Top Law Reviews ranked the journal first among law and society law reviews based on the number of manuscripts received.

United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (in case citations, S.D. Fla. or S.D. Fl.) is the federal United States district court with territorial jurisdiction over the southern part of the state of Florida.

Appeals from cases brought in the Southern District of Florida are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Kleercut
Kleercut is the name of a former campaign conducted by Greenpeace, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and others towards Kimberly-Clark. It lasted from 2004 to 2009.  Kimberly-Clark is the world’s largest manufacturer of tissue products, most notably the Kleenex brand. According to its annual environmental report, the company purchases over 3.1 million metric tonnes (3.4 million tons) of virgin fiber from logging companies annually. The Kleercut campaign claims that this fiber is derived from wood pulp from old growth forests. Kimberly-Clark claims that the forests in question are largely cut for timber. The Kleercut campaign claims that Kimberly-Clark support the clearcutting of such forests in Canada and the United States, including forests habitat for wolverine and threatened wildlife the woodland caribou. Kimberly-Clark has responded that many of its supplies are certified by the Sustainable Forestry Initiative or the Canadian Standards Association.

Forest Stewardship Council
The Forest Stewardship Council GmbH (FSC) is a German international non-profit, multistakeholder organization established in 1993 that promotes responsible management of the world's forests via timber certification. This organization uses a market-based approach to transnational environmental policy.

FSC is a global forest certification system established for forests and forest products. According to the council, the use of the FSC logo signifies that a product comes from environmentally, socially, and economically responsible sources. In addition to its global certification standard, FSC develops national standards in selected countries. The FSC has 10 Principles and associated Criteria (FSC P&C) that form the basis for all FSC standards and certification.

FSC was established in 1993 as a response to concerns over global deforestation. It now has around 1200 members, including the World Wide Fund for Nature and IKEA.
Pacifastacus fortis
Pacifastacus fortis (known as the Shasta crayfish or placid crayfish) is an endangered crayfish species endemic to Shasta County, California, where it is found and first described in 1914, only in isolated spots along the Pit River and Fall River Mills. It is estimated that there are a total of roughly 4000 of the species still alive today. The exact subpopulations for the Shasta crayfish were discovered in 2004 through a genetic study that determined three different genetic clusters: Crystal Lake, the Big Lake group (which includes Big Lake Springs, JeShe, Lava, and Spring Creeks), and Thousand Springs.

Gene cluster
A gene cluster is a group of two or more genes found within an organism's DNA that encode similar polypeptides or proteins which collectively share a generalized function and are often located within a few thousand base pairs of each other. The size of gene clusters can vary significantly, from a few genes to several hundred genes. Portions of the DNA sequence of each gene within a gene cluster are found to be identical; however, the protein encoded by each gene is distinct from the proteins encoded by the other genes within the cluster. Gene clusters often result from expansions of a single gene caused by repeated duplication events, and may be observed near one another on the same chromosome or on different, but homologous chromosomes. An example of a gene cluster is the Hox gene, which is made up of eight genes and is part of the Homeobox gene family.
Dipper Pines
Mason "Dipper" Pines is a fictional character and one of the two protagonists of the Disney Channel/Disney XD animated series Gravity Falls. The character is voiced by Jason Ritter, and is loosely based on the childhood of series creator Alex Hirsch. Beside his presence in the main series, he appears in the Gravity Falls mini-series "Dipper's Guide to the Unexplained", "Fixin' it with Soos", and "Mabel's Guide to Life", as well as the books Gravity Falls: Lost Legends, Gravity Falls: Journal 3, and The Book of Bill.

Gravity Falls: Lost Legends
Gravity Falls: Lost Legends is a graphic novel published by Disney Press, based on the animated television series Gravity Falls. Written by series creator Alex Hirsch, the comics in the book are illustrated by various artists, including Asaf Hanuka and Dana Terrace. The comics explores four new adventures taking place within the show's continuity. A second book, The Book of Bill, was published in 2024.

First announced at the fifth D23 Expo in July 2017, the book was released on July 24, 2018, alongside the complete series box set. Barnes and Noble released a special exclusive edition as well which includes 16 extra pages with behind the scenes production art and drawings from the book. Lost Legends was generally positively received by fans, with praise for its "brilliant application" of the comic medium. The book appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list in August 2018.
Listed buildings in Henbury, Cheshire
Henbury is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England.  It contains 25 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are at Grade II.   This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Henbury, and Henbury Hall with its grounds, but is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages, farmhouses, farm buildings and associated structures.  Also listed are buildings associated with Henbury Hall.  The other listed structures include a church and its lychgate, a pinfold, and a milepost.

Lychgate
A lychgate (from Old English līc, corpse) or resurrection gate is a covered gateway found at the entrance to a traditional English or English-style churchyard. Examples also exist outside the British Isles in places such as Canada, the Upland South and Texas in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Norway, and Sweden.
Poonam Salotra
Poonam Salotra is an Indian scientist and researcher, appointed as Consultant at the ICMR-National Institute of Pathology (NIP) whose work is centered on infectious diseases like Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), Anthrax, Tuberculosis and Cholera. Her research covers the development of diagnostic tests and attenuated vaccines, drug resistance and immune responses for patients with Leishmaniasis in some form.

Medical test
A medical test is a  medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, or to determine a course of treatment. Medical tests such as, physical and visual exams, diagnostic imaging, genetic testing, chemical and cellular analysis, relating to clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics, are typically performed in a medical setting.
The Illustrated Mum
The Illustrated Mum is a children's novel by English author Jacqueline Wilson, first published by Transworld in 1999 with drawings by Nick Sharratt. Set in London, the first person narrative by a young girl, Dolphin, features her bipolar mother Marigold, nicknamed "the illustrated mum" because of her many tattoos. The title is a reference to The Illustrated Man, a 1951 book of short stories by Ray Bradbury, also named for tattoos.

Wilson and The Illustrated Mum won the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, judged by a panel of British children's writers. By 2001, translations had been published in Finnish, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, and Catalan. Delacorte Press published the first American edition only in 2005. In 2025, a sequel to the book was published, Picture Imperfect.

Guardian Children's Fiction Prize
The Guardian Children's Fiction Prize or Guardian Award was a literary award that annually recognised one fiction book written for children or young adults (at least age eight) and published in the United Kingdom. It was conferred upon the author of the book by The Guardian newspaper, which established it in 1965 and inaugurated it in 1967 (1967). It was a lifetime award in that previous winners were not eligible. At least from 2000 the prize was £1,500. The prize was apparently discontinued after 2016 (2016), though no formal announcement appears to have been made.
Panasonic Lumix G X Vario PZ 45-175mm
The Panasonic Lumix G X Vario PZ 45-175mm lens f/4.0-5.6  lens is a zoom lens for Micro Four Thirds system cameras. In the Micro Four Thirds format, it is moderately to long telephoto.

The lens has both manual and power zoom (via a rocker switch), useful for smooth zoom motion during videography. Focusing is quiet. The lens has Panasonic's "nano surface coating" for increased contrast and reduced flare. The front of the lens neither extends nor rotates, beneficial for polarized filters. The 46mm thread diameter allows sharing of filters with the Panasonic 14mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 45mm, Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 12mm f/2 and Olympus M.Zuiko Digital 25mm f/1.8 lenses.

Telephoto lens
A telephoto lens, also known as telelens, is a specific type of a long-focus lens used in photography and cinematography, in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length.: 93  This is achieved by incorporating a special lens group known as a telephoto group that extends the light path to create a long-focus lens in a much shorter overall design. The angle of view and other effects of long-focus lenses are the same for telephoto lenses of the same specified focal length. Long-focal-length lenses are often informally referred to as telephoto lenses, although this is technically incorrect: a telephoto lens specifically incorporates the telephoto group.: 207
Sea Baby
The Sea Baby is a Ukrainian multipurpose unmanned surface vehicle (USV) developed for use by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) during the Russian invasion of Ukraine from 2022. It is able to carry an explosive payload for use in self-destruct attacks, or equipped with other equipment loadouts for more specialised use.

Self-destruct
Self-destruction is a mechanism that can cause an object to destroy itself or render itself inoperable in certain circumstances.

Self-destruct mechanisms are typically found on devices and systems where malfunction could endanger large numbers of people.
Südliche Börde
Südliche Börde (Southern Börde) was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Schönebeck, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated south of Schönebeck. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Förderstedt. In May 2006, the remaining members of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft: Brumby and Glöthe, merged with Förderstedt, and the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was disbanded.

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Green Mountain Film Festival
The Green Mountain Film Festival is an annual film event and awards show in Vermont. The first festival took place in Montpelier, Vermont, in 1997. In March 1999, a second festival was held and it has been an annual March event ever since. In 2010, the festival was extended to include a series of satellite screenings in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. In 2018, the festival also hosted screenings in Essex Junction, at the Essex Cinema. The 23rd Green Mountain Film Festival returned to Downtown Montpelier in March 2024 after a 4 year hiatus, with film screenings at both The Savoy Theater and The Capitol Theater in Montpelier, Vermont.

St. Johnsbury, Vermont
St. Johnsbury (known locally as "St. J") is the shire town (county seat) of Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,364. St. Johnsbury is situated on the Passumpsic River and is located approximately six miles northwest of the Connecticut River and 48 miles (77 km) south of the Canada–U.S. border.

St. Johnsbury is the largest town by population in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont and has long served as a commercial center for the region. The more densely settled southern one-third of the town is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the St. Johnsbury census-designated place, where over 81% of the population resides.
Bukit Gombak Single Member Constituency
The Bukit Gombak Single Member Constituency is a single-member constituency (SMC) situated in western Singapore. It is managed by Chua Chu Kang Town Council (CCKTC). The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is Low Yen Ling from the People's Action Party (PAP).

West Region, Singapore
The West Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the largest in terms of land area and is the third most populous region after the North-East Region and Central Region. Jurong East is the regional centre of the region, with plans of developing the Jurong Lake District into a second CBD area. Jurong West is the most populous town in the region, with a population of 262,730 residents. Comprising 25,500 hectares of land area, it includes twelve planning areas and is home to about 922,540 residents.
Julie Deiters
Julie Bénédicte Deiters (born 4 September 1975 in Meudon) is a French-born former Dutch field hockey player. She played 166 international matches for the Netherlands, in which the defender scored fourteen goals.

Deiters was a member of the Netherlands squad that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. A player from Amsterdam, Deiters made her debut on 4 February 1997 in a friendly against South Africa. Her last match for the Dutch Women's Team came on 26 August 2001, when she faced Argentina (2-3) during the Champions Trophy in Amstelveen.

Amstelveen
Amstelveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstəlˈveːn] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 95,996 as of 2024. It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the historical villages of Bovenkerk and Nes aan de Amstel.  In addition, as well as Downtown Amstelveen (Dutch: Amstelveen stadshart), it contains the following neighbourhoods: Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen, Middenhoven, Randwijk, Elsrijk and Keizer Karelpark. The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor. Amstelveen houses the international headquarters of Dutch national airline KLM (although it is slated to leave for Schiphol  in the future, plans to move have been delayed due to covid and high costs) and KPMG, one of the Big Four accounting firms. The Cobra Museum is also located in Amstelveen.
Matías Orlando
Matías Orlando (born 14 November 1991 in Tucumán) is an Argentine professional rugby union player who played for the Tarucas in the Super Rugby Americas. He plays as a wing and centre.

Orlando plays for Miami Sharks in Major League Rugby since 2024. He previously played for Pampas XV, from 2012 to 2014, in the Vodacom Cup, and for the Jaguares in the Super Rugby from 2016 to 2020.

He has 41 caps for Argentina, since his first game at 40-5 win over Uruguay at 20 May 2012, for the South American Rugby Championship, in Santiago, Chile. He was called for the 2014 Rugby Championship but he never played. He has currently 2 tries scored, 10 points on aggregate.

Orlando was a starter for the Argentina national team on 14 November 2020 in their first ever win against the All Blacks.

Pampas XV
Pampas XV is an Argentine professional rugby union team that currently competes in Super Rugby Americas.

In the past it participated in the South African second domestic competition, the Vodacom Cup between 2010 and 2013. The team was established in 2010 and was composed almost entirely by members of the High Performance Plan of the UAR. It was an unofficial third national team, below the Senior squad (Los Pumas) and Argentina XV, although it has been described as the second team as well.

From 2010 to 2015, Pampas XV won one Vodacom Cup and two Pacific Rugby Cup titles. In 2023, the franchise will return to field making their debut at Super Rugby Americas in replacement of Jaguares.
Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's combined
The Women's combined competition of the Calgary 1988 Olympics was held at Nakiska.

The defending world champion was Erika Hess of Switzerland, while Switzerland's Brigitte Ortli was the defending World Cup combined champion, and led the 1988 World Cup.

Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of ten alpine skiing events, held February 15–27 at Nakiska on Mount Allan,
a new ski area west of Calgary.

These Olympics featured the first change in the alpine skiing program in more than 30 years. The Super-G was added and the  combined event returned; it was last contested at the Winter Olympics in 1948, prior to the addition of the giant slalom.
Klára Kadlecová
Klára Kadlecová (born 4 April 1995) is a Czech former competitive pair skater. Competing with Petr Bidař, she placed 7th at the 2011 European Championships in Bern and 15th at the 2011 World Championships in Moscow. In January 2012, Kadlecová confirmed that they had parted ways and she was searching for a new partner.

2011 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 European Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Skaters competed in the categories of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The 2011 competition was held from 24 to 30 January 2011 at the PostFinance Arena in Bern, Switzerland.
Wye Valley, Derbyshire
The Wye Valley is the limestone valley of the River Wye in the White Peak of Derbyshire, England. The source of the River Wye is west of Buxton on Axe Edge Moor. One main channel runs underground through Poole's Cavern. The river flows though Buxton Pavilion Gardens and then along a culvert under the town centre. After leaving the flat area of central Buxton, the Wye Valley becomes distinct as a gorge running east for 10 miles (16 km) before the valley broadens at Ashford-in-the Water.

The A6 road from Buxton to Bakewell follows the Wye Valley for most of its path. The Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway used to run through the valley. It was built to link Manchester through the Peak District to London and operated from the 1860s to 1968.

Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway
The Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway ran from a junction with the Midland Railway at Ambergate to Rowsley north of Matlock and thence to Buxton.

In time it would become part of the Midland Railway's main line between London and Manchester, but it was initially planned as a route from Manchester to the East of England, via the proposed Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway which would meet it a little further north along the North Midland line at Ambergate. The act of Parliament, Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway Act 1846, for a line from just south of Stockport to Ambergate was passed in 1846.

Currently, the section north of Millers Dale is open as the Great Rocks freight line, Derby to Matlock still holds passenger services as the Derwent Valley line, Matlock to Rowsley is the Peak Rail heritage line, and Rowsley to Buxton has become the Monsal Trail for cycling, horse riding and walking.