hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rakewood Viaduct
The Rakewood Viaduct carries the M62 motorway over Rakewood Valley and Longden End Brook between junctions 21 and 22 at Littleborough, Greater Manchester, England.

The viaduct is 280 yards (260 m) long and 140 ft (43 m) above the valley floor. It was built in 1966 by Reed & Mallik and opened to motorway traffic in October 1971. It has a sister bridge, the Gathurst Viaduct in Wigan, which carries the M6 motorway over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, the Manchester-Southport line and the River Douglas and was constructed before the Rakewood Viaduct.

The steelwork deck was subcontracted to Robert Watson Steelwork of Bolton.

Due to the height of the bridge and the surrounding hillside exposure, it is often subject to high speed cross winds.

Leeds and Liverpool Canal
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a canal in Northern England, linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool.

Over a distance of 127 miles (204 km), crossing the Pennines, and including 91 locks on the main line. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal has several small branches, and in the early 21st century a new link was constructed into the Liverpool docks system.
The End of Violence
The End of Violence is a 1997 American drama film by the German director Wim Wenders. The film's cast includes Bill Pullman, Andie MacDowell, Gabriel Byrne, Traci Lind, Rosalind Chao, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Udo Kier, and Loren Dean, among others. It also features a soundtrack marked with the signature sounds of Wenders regulars Jon Hassell, Ry Cooder, and Bono. The film was praised by a select few critics for its cinematography, but performed poorly in the box office. It was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.

The film had a budget of $5 million, but only received $386,673 in its domestic box office.

Like many other of Wenders' American films, the film was shot in multiple locations, for instance the Griffith Observatory in Griffith Park and the Santa Monica Pier.

A scene in the film shows a live recreation of the painting Nighthawks by Edward Hopper.

Loren Dean
Loren Dean (born July 31, 1969) is an American actor who has appeared on stage and in feature films, including as the title character in Billy Bathgate, as well as Apollo 13, Rosewood, Space Cowboys, and Ad Astra. He appeared in a recurring role on the television series Bones.
Love Hotline
Love Hotline is a Philippine television tabloid talk show broadcast by GMA News TV and GMA Network. Hosted by Jean Garcia, it premiered on GMA News TV from September 23, 2013, and ended on February 14, 2014. It was moved to GMA Network in May 2014. The show concluded on April 29, 2016, with a total of 206 episodes.

The show is streaming online on YouTube.

Jean Garcia
Jessica Anne Rodriguez Maitim (born August 22, 1969), better known as Jean Garcia (Tagalog: [ˈdʒin gaɾˈsia]), is a Filipino actress. She is known as Madam Claudia Buenavista in the original version of Pangako Sa 'Yo and as Miss Minchin in the 1995 live-action remake of Sarah... Ang Munting Prinsesa.

Garcia is a recipient of a Gawad Urian Award, Golden Screen Award and has received multiple nominations from FAMAS Awards.
Mellinus arvensis
Mellinus arvensis, the field digger wasp, is a species of solitary wasp. The wasp can commonly be found from July to late September or October in sandy places.  In hard soil however the female will often try to steal a nest from another member of the same species.  The female is larger than the male. The wasps' nests are underground in sandy burrows with flies for their offspring to eat. The species is yellow and black like many wasp species, but they have a more narrow waist. This species is the most dominant immediately following forest fires.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Perversion
Perversion is a form of human behavior which is far from what is considered to be orthodox or normal. Although the term perversion can refer to a variety of forms of deviation, it is most often used to describe sexual behaviors that are considered particularly abnormal, repulsive or obsessive. Perversion usually differs from "deviant behavior", in that the latter covers areas of behavior (such as petty crime) for which perversion would be too strong a term. It is often considered derogatory, and, in psychological literature, the term paraphilia has been used as a replacement for most forms of sexual perversion, though this clinical term is controversial, and deviation is sometimes used in its place.

Summary offence
A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence).
Gardneria
Gardneria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loganiaceae.

Its native range is Himalaya to Japan and Java. It is found in the regions of Assam, Bangladesh, China, Eastern Himalaya, India, Japan, Jawa, Korea, Malaya, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam and Western Himalaya.

The genus name of Gardneria is in honour of Edward Gardner (1784–1861), English colonial administrator at the court of the raja of Nepal, and it was first described and published in W.Roxburgh's Flora Indica Vol.1 on page 400 in 1820.

Known species:

Gardneria angustifolia Wall.

Gardneria lanceolata Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Gardneria multiflora Makino

Gardneria nutans Siebold & Zucc.

Gardneria ovata Wall.

William Roxburgh
William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators. He was the first to document the existence of the Ganges river dolphin.
Jameh Mosque of Shahrud
The Jāmeh Mosque of Shahrud (Persian: مسجد جامع شاهرود; Arabic: جامع شاهرود) is a Shi'ite Friday mosque (jāmeh), located in Shahrud, in the province of Semnan, Iran. Commenced during the Ilkhanate era, the mosque was renovated in 1863, during the Qajar era.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 5 May 1997, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Sycamore Land Trust
Sycamore Land Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit member-supported land trust headquartered in Bloomington, Indiana, United States.

It works to preserve the disappearing natural and agricultural landscape of southern Indiana. Sycamore's service area includes 26 southern Indiana counties: Bartholomew, Brown, Clark, Crawford, Dubois, Daviess, Floyd, Gibson, Greene, Harrison, Jackson, Knox, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe, Morgan, Orange, Owen, Perry, Pike, Posey, Scott, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick, and Washington.

The trust is an affiliate of the American Land Trust Alliance. In 2023, the trust has 7 full-time staff and over 100 volunteers.

Martin County, Indiana
Martin County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 9,812. The county seat is Shoals at the center of the county, and the county's only incorporated city is Loogootee, on the county's western border.
Coleophora pulmonariella
Coleophora pulmonariella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Sweden and northern Russia to the Pyrenees and Italy, and from France to Romania.

The larvae feed on Myosotis palustris, Myosotis sylvatica, Pulmonaria mollissima, Pulmonaria obscura, Pulmonaria officinalis, Symphytum officinale and Symphytum tuberosum.

Pulmonaria officinalis
Pulmonaria officinalis, common names lungwort, common lungwort, Mary's tears or Our Lady's milk drops, is a herbaceous rhizomatous evergreen perennial  plant of the genus Pulmonaria, belonging to the family Boraginaceae.
Justine Lord
Justine Lord (born Jennifer Lily Schooling; 8 March 1937) is an English actress, active on television throughout the 1960s.

She began her acting career in repertory theatre. In the 1960s she made guest appearances in Live Now, Pay Later (1962), The Avengers ("Propellant 23", 1962), The Saint ("The Bunco  Artists" and "The Saint Plays with Fire", 1963; "The Saint Steps In" and "The Imprudent Politician", 1964; "The Checkered Flag", 1965; "The Fiction-Makers", 1968), The Prisoner ("The Girl Who Was Death", 1968) and Man in a Suitcase, as well as playing regular roles in Crossroads, Compact, The Troubleshooters and The Doctors.

Lord married James Ridler in 1971. She retired from acting in the late 1970s, with the exception of an appearance in The Young Ones in 1982.

Crossroads (British TV series)
Crossroads (later known as Crossroads Motel and Crossroads King's Oak) is  a British television soap opera that ran on ITV over two periods – the original 1964 to 1988 run, followed by a short revival from 2001 to 2003. Set in a fictional motel (hotel in the revival) in the Midlands, Crossroads became a byword for low production values, particularly in the 1970s and early 1980s. Despite this, the series regularly attracted huge audiences during this time, with viewership numbers reaching as high as 15 million viewers.

It was created by Hazel Adair and Peter Ling, and produced by ATV (until the end of 1981) and then by ATV's successor, Central Independent Television until 1988 when it was axed. The series was revived by Carlton Television in 2001, but due to low ratings it was cancelled again in 2003.
Rosenbrock function
In mathematical optimization, the Rosenbrock function is a non-convex function, introduced by Howard H. Rosenbrock in 1960, which is used as a performance test problem for optimization algorithms. It is also known as Rosenbrock's valley or Rosenbrock's banana function.

The global minimum is inside a long, narrow, parabolic-shaped flat valley. To find the valley is trivial. To converge to the global minimum, however, is difficult.

The function is defined by

It has a global minimum at , where . Usually, these parameters are set such that  and . Only in the trivial case where  the function is symmetric and the minimum is at the origin.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Gloved finger sign
The gloved finger sign is a radiologic sign observed on chest radiographs or CT scans that indicates the presence of mucoid impaction in the lungs. Mucoid impaction occurs when bronchi become dilated and filled with mucus. This abnormality appears as branching tubular opacities projecting out from the hila towards the periphery of the lungs, resembling gloved fingers. The gloved finger sign has been observed in the imaging of several conditions, including bronchial atresia, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, foreign body aspiration, benign tumors, and malignancies.

Radiologic sign
A radiologic sign is an objective indication of some medical fact (that is, a medical sign) that is detected by a physician during radiologic examination with medical imaging (for example, via an X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan, or sonographic scan).
Corian
Corian is a brand of solid surface material created by DuPont. Its primary use is as countertops, benchtop surface, wash basins, and wall paneling. It is composed of acrylic polymer and alumina trihydrate (ATH), a material derived from bauxite ore.

Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is found as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite, and nordstrandite. Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric, i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties. Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH), and aluminium oxide or alumina (Al2O3), the latter of which is also amphoteric. These compounds together are the major components of the aluminium ore bauxite. Aluminium hydroxide also forms a gelatinous precipitate in water.
Lorraine Geller
Lorraine Winifred Geller (née Walsh; September 11, 1928 – October 13, 1958) was an American jazz pianist.

Geller was born in Portland, Oregon on September 11, 1928. She started out with the all-female big band Sweethearts of Rhythm, based in New York. She met saxophonist Herb Geller, and married him in 1951. Together they moved to Los Angeles, where they played with many musicians on the West Coast jazz scene, such as Shorty Rogers, Zoot Sims, Stan Getz, and Red Mitchell; she also did sessions with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. In 1957, she accompanied Kay Starr. The following year, she concentrated on bringing up her daughter, so did not often perform, but she did play at the first Monterey Jazz Festival. On October 13, 1958, Lorraine Geller died in Los Angeles; this has been attributed to heart failure or pulmonary infection.

Kay Starr
Kay Starr (born Catherine Laverne Starks; July 21, 1922 – November 3, 2016) was an American singer who enjoyed considerable success in the late 1940s and 1950s. She was of Iroquois and Irish heritage. Starr performed multiple genres, such as pop, jazz, and country, but her roots were in jazz. Her 1952 song "Wheel of Fortune" was a smash hit, and later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Additionally, she had big hits with "Allez-Vous-En" (from the Broadway Show CAN-CAN) and "If You Love Me (Really Love Me)" in 1953 and 1954, respectively.
Pontokomi
Pontokomi (Greek: Ποντοκώμη) is a village located in the central part of Kozani regional unit, West Macedonia region, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Dimitrios Ypsilantis. It is situated between the cities of Ptolemaida and Kozani (14 km (8.7 mi) distance from each).

It is a refugee town, developed as a modern and organised village with a complete market and services.  A new amphitheatre opened 15 July 2001 which was constructed at the foot of the mountain and shaped by former quarries. On 20 June 2002, it was named Amphitheatre Mikis Theodorakis.

Pontokomi is notable in later Greek history including the participation of the majority of residents in the resistance during World War, and also in marching against dictatorship.

The main industry is agriculture (cereals and tobacco) and some residents work in the power stations.

Western Macedonia
Western Macedonia (Greek: Δυτική Μακεδονία, romanized: Ditikí Makedonía, Greek pronunciation: [ðitiˈki makeðoˈnia]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Macedonia. Located in north-western Greece, it is divided into the regional units of Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, and Kozani. With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union.
George Johnson (cricketer, born 1907)
George James Johnson was an English cricketer active from 1929 to 1935 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He appeared in five first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast. Johnson was born in Loddington, Northamptonshire on 23 December 1907 and died in Market Harborough, Leicestershire on 9 June 1986. He scored 49 runs with a highest score of 28 not out and took five wickets with a best performance of two for 41.

Loddington, Northamptonshire
Loddington is a village and civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) west of Kettering, Northamptonshire, England.

The 2001 Census recorded a parish population of 477 people including the neighbouring parish of Orton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 520 people.
Enric Morera i Català
Enric Xavier Morera i Català (Valencian: [enˈrig moˈɾeɾaj kataˈla]; born 3 April 1964) is a Spanish politician who served as secretary-general of Més–Compromís and spokesperson for the Compromís coalition.

Morera was a Member of the European Parliament in 2004, as part of The Greens–European Free Alliance group, and since 2007 has been a member of the Valencian Parliament.

After 2015 Valencian parliamentary election, he was elected President of the Corts Valencianes, the Valencian Parliament, as a result of a pact formed by Compromís and the Socialist Party of the Valencian Country.

Socialist Party of the Valencian Country
The Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (Valencian: Partit Socialista del País Valencià; Spanish: Partido Socialista del País Valenciano, PSPV–PSOE) is a social-democratic political party in the Valencian Community, and is a regional branch of the national Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

The PSPV was originally a small nationalist and leftist Valencian party, mostly confined to the academic world within the University of Valencia. In 1978, they decided to merge with the much larger national PSOE, to which they integrated. Their name remains in the name of the Valencian branch of the PSOE, officially called PSPV-PSOE, even though it is usually reduced to PSOE only by the party itself. This Valencian branch of the PSOE, unlike their Catalan counterpart, does not have a record of having acted independently from the national executive of the Spanish-wide PSOE.
Eduardo Álvarez (tennis)
Eduardo Álvarez (born 28 August 1950) is a Venezuelan former tennis player.

Álvarez, who was born in Caracas, made his only appearance for the Venezuela Davis Cup team in a 1966 American Zone quarter-final tie against the Caribbean/West Indies. He was called upon in the doubles and teamed up with Isaías Pimentel to beat the Jamaican pairing of Lance Lumsden and Richard Russell in five sets.

At the 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games in San Juan, Álvarez won a bronze medal for Venezuela in the mixed doubles event, partnering Beatriz Raytler.

1966 Central American and Caribbean Games
The tenth Central American and Caribbean Games were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from June 11 to June 25, 1966. These games were one of the largest ever with a total number of 1,689 athletes from eighteen participating nations.
Ferd (nickname)
As a nickname, Ferd is usually a short form of Ferdinand. Notable people so named include:

Ferd Burket (born 1933), American football player

Ferd Crone (born 1954), Dutch politician

Ferd Dreher (1913–1996), American football player

Ferd Eunick (1892–1959), American baseball player

Ferdinand Grapperhaus (born 1959), Dutch politician

Ferdinand Havis (1846–1918), African-American slave, politician and businessman

Ferd Hayward (1911–1988), Canadian racewalker

Ferd J. Hess (1848–1928), American politician

Ferd Johnson (1905–1996), American cartoonist

Ferd Kayser (1833–1919), German mine manager

Ferd Lahure (1929–2019), Luxembourgish football goalkeeper

Ferd Wirtz (1885–1947), Luxembourgish gymnast

Ferd Crone
Drs. Ferdinandus Johannes Maria Crone (born 19 July 1954) is a Dutch politician. He was born in Dordrecht in 1954. On 15 November 2007 he became Mayor of Leeuwarden. He remained mayor until 26 of August 2019 when he was succeeded by Sybrand van Haersma Buma. As of February 2020 he is a member of the Senate.

He was made a knight of the Order of Orange Nassau on 15 November 2007.
Jack von Reppert-Bismarck
Elsa 'Jack' von Reppert-Bismarck, (1903 - 1971), was a painter ('neuen deutschen Frau' and kunstmalerin).

She was born Elisabeth Meyer, in Berlin on 10 February 1903 and died at Herkenrath near Cologne on 21 July 1971.

Von Reppert became a bit of an 'it' girl celebrity, as shown by the coverage given her by Weimar Republic era magazines such as Die Dame, Das Leben and UHU in the late 1920s. Subsequently, and concurrently she went to New York and England.

Cecil Beaton
Sir Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton CBE (14 January 1904 – 18 January 1980) was a British fashion, portrait and war photographer, diarist, painter, and interior designer, as well as costume designer and set designer for stage and screen. His accolades include three Academy Awards and four Tony Awards.
People Mover (Venice)
The People Mover in Venice (Italian: People Mover) is an automated elevated shuttle train, which connects the Piazzale Roma—the major transportation hub of the city—and the Tronchetto island with a car parking facility. The train also makes a stop at the Marittima station where the passenger terminal of the Port of Venice is located.

Venice's People Mover is a small-scale automated guideway public transit system—a people mover.

Port of Venice
The Port of Venice (Italian: Porto di Venezia) is a port serving Venice, northeastern Italy. It is the eighth-busiest commercial port in Italy and was one of the most important in the Mediterranean concerning the cruise sector, as a major hub for cruise ships. It is one of the major Italian ports and is included in the list of the leading European ports which are located on the strategic nodes of trans-European networks. In 2006, 30,936,931 tonnes passed through the port, of which 14,541,961 was the commercial sector, and it saw 1,453,513 passengers. In 2002, the port handled 262,337 containers.

Michael Jackson planned to perform here at July 9, 1992 during his Dangerous World Tour, but these plans were cancelled.