hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dura Parchment 24
Dura Parchment 24, designated as Uncial 0212 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript has been assigned to the 3rd century, palaeographically, though an earlier date cannot be excluded. It contains some unusual orthographic features, which have been found nowhere else.

It is possibly the only surviving manuscript of the Greek Diatessaron, unless Papyrus 25 is also a witness to that work. The text of the fragment was reconstructed by Kraeling and Welles. Dura Parchment 24 (P. Dura 24) is currently housed at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University in New Haven catalogued there as Dura Parch. 10.

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library is the rare book library and literary archive of Yale University Library in New Haven, Connecticut. It is one of the largest buildings in the world dedicated to rare books and manuscripts and is one of the largest collections of such texts. Established by a gift of the Beinecke family and given its own financial endowment, the library is financially independent from the university and is co-governed by Yale University Library and Yale Corporation.

Situated on Yale University's Hewitt Quadrangle, the building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1963. From 2015 to 2016 the library building was closed for 18 months for major renovations, which included replacing the building's HVAC system and expanding teaching and exhibition capabilities.
2021 Dwars door Vlaanderen for Women
The ninth edition of Dwars door Vlaanderen's women's race was held on Wednesday 31 April 2021. The race started and finished in Waregem, and it was won by Annemiek van Vleuten (Movistar Team) ahead of Katarzyna Niewiadoma (Canyon–SRAM) in a sprint of two. Alexis Ryan (Canyon–SRAM) won the bunch sprint for third place.

Movistar Team (women's team)
Movistar Team is a Spanish professional road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races. The title sponsor is the Spanish mobile telephone company Telefónica, with the team riding under the name of the company's brand Movistar.
Frýdštejn Castle
Frýdštejn Castle (German: Burg Friedstein) is a castle ruin in Frýdštejn in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It is one of three castles in Jablonec nad Nisou District. A typical rock castle, it lies on the upper end of a long sandstone rock ridge. The castle dominates the nearby Jizera river valley and the old trade route from Turnov to the north.

Jizera (river)
The Jizera (Polish: Izera, German: Iser) is a river in the Czech Republic and for a brief stretch in Poland. It is a right tributary of the Elbe and flows through the Liberec and Central Bohemian regions. It is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic.
History of psychology (discipline)
History of psychology is the academic discipline concerned with studying the history of the study of psychology. Another term would be historiography of psychology. Postsecondary course titles and textbooks often combine history and systems of psychology; one chapter may address the history and tenets of structuralism, a subsequent chapter functionalism, a subsequent chapter behaviorism, etc.

The discipline is related to the history of human science, the history of emotions, and the history of psychiatry. These must be considered separately, however, as they have their own disciplinary norms.

Kurt Danziger
Kurt Danziger (born 3 June 1926) is a German-born academic whose work has focused on the history of psychology, particularly in the 20th century. His innovative contributions to this field have received widespread international recognition.
Heidi Brunner
Heidi Brunner (born 1966) is a Swiss opera singer. She began her career as a mezzo-soprano at the Anhaltisches Theater in Dessau in 1993. After making appearances at the opera houses in Basel, Innsbruck, and Biel, she was a member of both the Vienna State Opera and Vienna Volksoper from 1996 to 1999. Among the roles she sang in Vienna were Adalgisa in Norma, Annio in La clemenza di Tito, and the title role in La Cenerentola. She then sang as a guest artist with theatres throughout Europe, including making appearances at the Bavarian State Opera, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Komische Oper Berlin, the Liceu, and the Salzburg Festival. In the 2004-2005 season she began performing roles from the soprano repertoire, beginning with a performance of Franz Schreker's Irrelohe.

Norma (opera)
Norma (Italian: [ˈnɔrma]) is a tragedia lirica or opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with libretto by Felice Romani after the play Norma, ou L'infanticide (Norma, or The Infanticide) by Alexandre Soumet. It was first produced at La Scala in Milan on 26 December 1831.

The opera is regarded as a leading example of the bel canto genre, and the soprano prayer "Casta diva" in Act 1 is a famous piece. Among the well known singers of Norma of the first half of the 20th century was Rosa Ponselle who played the role in New York and London. Notable exponents of the title role in the post-war period have been Maria Callas, Leyla Gencer, Joan Sutherland, and Montserrat Caballé.
Hunat Hatun Complex
The Hunat Hatun Complex is a historic Islamic religious complex in Kayseri, Turkey.

Early in the 13th century, Kayqubad I, Sultan of the Anatolian Selçuks (1219–1237), captured the Alanya fortress (then called Kalon Oros, later renamed Ala'iyya) from its Armenian ruler, Kir Vart. One of the conditions of Vart's surrender was that his daughter Hunat (“lady” in Persian) Mahperi Hatun would become the sultan's wife. After her marriage, Lady Hunat (as she is redundantly called in English) converted to Islam and commissioned the Hunat Hatun Complex, made up of the Hunat Hatun Mosque, tomb, medrese, and hamam, which is still functioning and has separate facilities for men and women.

Külliye
A külliye (Ottoman Turkish: كلیه) is a complex of buildings associated with Turkish architecture centered on a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a waqf (charitable foundation) and composed of a madrasa, a Dar al-Shifa (clinic), kitchens, bakery, hammam, other buildings for various charitable services for the community and further annexes.

The tradition of külliye is particularly marked in Turkish architecture, starting in Seljuq, then especially in Ottoman, and also in Timurid architectural legacies. The word is derived from Turkish külli, meaning "complete".
Turkey at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Turkey (officially competing as Türkiye) is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from 19 January to 1 February 2024. This will be Turkey's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.

The Turkish team comprises 24 athletes (6 men and 18 women) competing in five sports. Short track speed skater Muhammed Bozdağ and ice hockey player Sidre Hacıosmanoğlu were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

On 21 January, short track speed skater Muhammed Bozdağ earned the silver medal in the men's 1000 metres, becoming the first Turkish athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal outside of mixed-NOC competition. Ice hockey player Sidre Özer was the first Turkish athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal, earning bronze with the mixed-NOC "Team Blue" in the girls' 3x3 ice hockey mixed tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.

2024 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2024 Winter Youth Olympics (Korean: 2024년 동계 청소년 올림픽), officially known as the IV Winter Youth Olympic Games and commonly known as Gangwon 2024 (강원 2024), were a winter multi-sport event, cultural festival, and fourth edition of the Winter Youth Olympics held between 19 January and 1 February 2024 in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

That was the third time South Korea hosted the Olympic Games, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, and the second time the country hosted the Winter games, after the 2018 Olympics. It was also the first Winter Youth Olympics held in Asia, as well as the third overall Youth Olympic Games in the continent, after the 2010 Olympics in Singapore and the 2014 Olympics in Nanjing, China (all Summer Games). It was also the final Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Pseudoalteromonas atlantica
Pseudoalteromonas atlantica is a marine bacterium, which has been shown to act as a primary producer of biofilms and exhibit virulence against Cancer pagurus, a species of crab, through secretion of extracellular products.

Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus, commonly known as the edible crab or brown crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and perhaps the Mediterranean Sea. It is a robust crab of a reddish-brown colour, having an oval carapace with a characteristic "pie crust" edge and black tips to the claws. A mature adult may have a carapace width up to 25 centimetres (10 inches) and weigh up to 3 kilograms (6+1⁄2 pounds). C. pagurus is a nocturnal predator, targeting a range of molluscs and crustaceans. It is the subject of the largest crab fishery in Western Europe, centred on the coasts of the Ireland and Britain, with more than 60,000 tonnes caught annually.
Tatie Peak
Tatie Peak is a 7,386-foot (2,251-metre) mountain summit located on the shared border between Okanogan County and Whatcom County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range, which is a sub-range of the North Cascades. The mountain is situated 2.6 miles (4.2 km) east of Mount Ballard, and 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of Slate Peak, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Syncline Mountain, 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the south-southwest. The Pacific Crest Trail traverses the south slope of the peak, with an easy off-trail scramble to reach the summit. Precipitation runoff from Tatie Peak drains south into Trout Creek which is a tributary of the Methow River, or northwest into Slate Creek, which is part of the Skagit River drainage basin.

Methow River
The Methow River (/ˈmɛthaʊ/ MET-how) is a tributary of the Columbia River in northern Washington in the United States. The river's 1,890-square-mile (4,900 km2) watershed drains the eastern North Cascades, with a population of about 5,000 people. The Methow's watershed is characterized by relatively pristine habitats, as much of the river basin is located in national forests and wildernesses. Many tributaries drain the large Pasayten Wilderness. An earlier economy based on agriculture is giving way to one based on recreation and tourism.
Salstat
Salstat is a free software application for the statistical analysis of numeric data with an emphasis on ease-of-use. Using both a graphical user interface and command line interface, it can perform all sorts of analyses including descriptive statistics and a range of inferential tests (both parametric and nonparametric). It is written in the Python language and works on any platform that supports Python, NumPy, SciPy, and wxPython. In June 2012, it had received at least 38,000 downloads from its Sourceforge site and spawned a 'son-of' program called Salstat Statistics Package 2. Some of the code was adopted by the PCMDI program for climate analysis and CDAT, both linked to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories.

NumPy
NumPy (pronounced /ˈnʌmpaɪ/ NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. The predecessor of NumPy, Numeric, was originally created by Jim Hugunin with contributions from several other developers. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy by incorporating features of the competing Numarray into Numeric, with extensive modifications. NumPy is open-source software and has many contributors. NumPy is fiscally sponsored by NumFOCUS.
Kenneth J. Kludt
Kenneth J. Kludt (born January 13, 1949) was an American politician and lawyer.

Kludt lived in Moorhead, Minnesota with his wife and family. He received his bachelor's degree in English from the University of North Dakota and his Juris Doctor degree from the Hamline University School of Law. Kludt was admitted to the Minnesota bar. Kludt served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1987 and 1988 and was a Democrat.

Hamline University School of Law
Hamline University School of Law was a private law school affiliated with Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was founded in 1972 as the Midwestern School of Law by a group of legal professionals. In 1976, Midwestern School of Law was absorbed by Hamline University as its own school of law.

On December 9, 2015, Hamline University School of Law merged into William Mitchell College of Law to form Mitchell Hamline School of Law. Mitchell Hamline is also affiliated with Hamline University.

The school was accredited by the American Bar Association.
Juhi Parmar
Juhi Parmar (born 14 December 1980) is an Indian anchor, actress, presenter, singer and dancer predominantly known for her work in Hindi television industry. She gained recognition for her portrayal as Kumkum in the long-running soap opera Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan (2002–2009) and that of Devi  Sandhya and Devi Chhaya in Karmaphal Daata Shani. She then won the reality show Bigg Boss 5 (2011–12).

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
National Archives of the Philippines
The National Archives of the Philippines (NAP; Filipino: Pambansang Sinupan ng Pilipinas) is an agency of the government of the Philippines mandated to collect, store, preserve and make available archival records of the government and other primary sources pertaining to the history of the country. It is the primary records management agency, tasked to formulate and implement the records schedule and vital records protection programs for the government. The central archives as they are organized today are a result of the passage of Republic Act No. 9470 in 2007, but its roots can be traced back to at least the 19th century during Spanish rule.

Government of the Philippines
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.

The powers of the three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
The American Collection (Ringgold)
The American Collection is a series of eleven quilt paintings by American artist Faith Ringgold, completed in 1997, with an additional unfinished quilt that the artist sketched but did not complete. The series serves as a continuation of the narrative the artist began in her earlier series of quilt paintings The French Collection (1991-1997). While the quilts in The French Collection included detailed narratives written in text along the edges of each quilt, The American Collection quilts do not include stories in text and are meant to be understood as paintings by Marlena Simone, the daughter of the fictional central character from the earlier series.

The American Collection is a prominent example of Ringgold's artistic engagements and debates with the aesthetics, philosophies, and key figures of modernist art.

Willem de Kooning
Willem de Kooning (/də ˈkuːnɪŋ/ də KOO-ning, Dutch: [ˈʋɪləm də ˈkoːnɪŋ]; April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. Born in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, he moved to the United States in 1926, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married painter Elaine Fried.

In the years after World War II, De Kooning painted in a style that came to be referred to as abstract expressionism or "action painting", and was part of a group of artists that came to be known as the New York School. Other painters in this group included Jackson Pollock, Elaine de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Franz Kline, Arshile Gorky, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, John Ferren, Nell Blaine, Conrad Marca-Relli, James Brooks, Adolph Gottlieb, Jack Tworkov, Norman Lewis, Anne Ryan, Robert Motherwell, Philip Guston, Clyfford Still, and Richard Pousette-Dart. De Kooning's retrospective held at MoMA in 2011–2012 rendered him one of the best-known artists of the 20th century.
Peter Düttmann
Peter "Bonifazius" Düttmann (23 May 1923 – 9 January 2001) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 152 aerial victories achieved in 398 combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.

Born in Gießen, Düttmann grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. In 1940, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in May 1943. Flying with this wing, Düttmann claimed his first aerial victory on 21 May 1943 over a Soviet Air Forces fighter aircraft. Following his 91st aerial victory he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944. He claimed his 100th aerial victory on 25 September and was appointed squadron leader of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52 in December. He led this squadron until the end of World War II. Düttmann died on 9 January 2001 in Echterdingen.

German Cross
The War Order of the German Cross (German: Der Kriegsorden Deutsches Kreuz), normally abbreviated to the German Cross or Deutsches Kreuz, was instituted by Adolf Hitler on 28 September 1941. It was awarded in two divisions: in gold for repeated acts of bravery or military leadership; and in silver for distinguished non-combat war service. The German Cross in Gold ranked higher than the Iron Cross First Class but below the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, while the German Cross in Silver ranked higher than the War Merit Cross First Class with Swords but below the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords.
The Faith Healer
The Faith Healer is a lost 1921 American silent drama film directed by George Melford and written by Z. Wall Covington and Mrs. William Vaughn Moody from William Vaughn Moody's play. The film stars Milton Sills, Ann Forrest, Fontaine La Rue, Frederick Vroom, Loyola O'Connor, Mae Giraci, and John Curry. The film was released on March 13, 1921, by Paramount Pictures.

George Melford
George H. Melford (born George Henry Knauff, February 19, 1877 – April 25, 1961) was an American stage and film actor and director. Often taken for granted as a director today, the stalwart Melford's name by the 1920s was, like Cecil B. DeMille's, appearing in big bold letters above the title of his films.
Jacksonville micropolitan area, Illinois
The Jacksonville, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in west central Illinois, anchored by the city of Jacksonville.

As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 42,153 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 40,090).

Central Illinois
Central Illinois is a region of the U.S. state of Illinois that consists of the entire central third of the state, divided from north to south. Also known as the Heart of Illinois, it is characterized by small towns and mid-sized cities. Agriculture, particularly corn and soybeans, as well as educational institutions and manufacturing centers, figure prominently.

A total of 45 counties are typically considered to be within Central Illinois, with a population of 1,874,635 as of the 2020 U.S. census. Major cities include Peoria, Springfield (the state capital), Decatur, Quincy, Champaign–Urbana, Bloomington–Normal, Galesburg, and Danville.
The Darling Buds
The Darling Buds are an alternative rock band from Newport, Wales. The band formed in 1986 and were named after the H. E. Bates novel The Darling Buds of May – a title taken in turn, from the third line of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18: "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May".

H. E. Bates
Herbert Ernest Bates CBE (16 May 1905 – 29 January 1974), better known as H. E. Bates, was an English writer of novels and short stories. His best-known works include Love for Lydia, The Darling Buds of May and My Uncle Silas.
IC 1470
IC 1470 is a nebula in Cepheus. It was first discovered by Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler on 20 March, 1892. The following night it was independently discovered by Carl Frederick Pechüle and Edward Emerson Barnard.

The star cluster [BDS2003] 39 is contained within, however only one central star causes ionization. The nebula has an estimated age of three million years. It is located in the Perseus Arm. It is associated with the nearby open cluster NGC 7510.

Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler
Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler (7 January 1849 – 16 October 1946) was an Austrian astronomer, geophysicist, meteorologist and climatologist.

He discovered 64 IC objects whilst working at Vienna Observatory and Comet 113P/Spitaler.

He was one of the first to speculate the existence of a 13th zodiacal constellation, which later became known as Ophiuchus.
Water-rock
Water-rock (Irish: Carraig an Uisce) is a townland in the historical barony of Barrymore in County Cork, Ireland. Located in East Cork, near Midleton, the townland has an area of approximately 1.2 square kilometres (0.5 sq mi). While, at the time of the 2011 census, Water-rock had a population of 128 people, in 2015 Cork County Council published a plan for "significant" residential development in the area. The "Cork Metropolitan Area Transport Strategy 2040" (CMATS), a public consultation document published in 2019 by the National Transport Authority, listed Water-rock as one of several potential locations for a future Cork Suburban Rail station. As of late 2022, Cork Corporation had reportedly commenced some road and water infrastructure works in the area. Waterrock golf course closed in 2020.

National Transport Authority (Ireland)
The National Transport Authority (Irish: Údarás Náisiúnta Iompair) or NTA, publicly operating as Transport for Ireland, is the transport operating authority for Greater Dublin and the public transport licensing agency for Ireland. It was established under the provisions of the Dublin Transport Authority Act (2008) and the Public Transport Regulation Act (2009), on 1 December 2009.

The NTA took over certain functions from the Department of Transport and the entire role of the Dublin Transportation Office.  It has also taken over the functions of the Commission for Taxi Regulation when Part 4 of the Public Transport Regulation Act (2009) commenced on 1 January 2011.