hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuscuta approximata
Cuscuta approximata is a species of dodder known by the common name alfalfa dodder. It is native to Eurasia and Africa, but it is also found in North America, where it is an introduced species and uncommon noxious weed. It is a parasitic vine which climbs other plants and takes nutrition directly from them via a haustorium. The dodder resembles a pile of light yellow to orange-red straw wrapped tightly around its host plant. It is mostly stem; the leaves are reduced to scales on the stem's surface, since they are not needed for photosynthesis while the dodder is obtaining nutrients from its host. It bears clusters of tiny yellowish bell-shaped flowers which are only about 3 millimeters wide. The dodder reproduces by seed, with each plant capable of producing over 10,000 seeds at once. This plant is a weed of alfalfa, clover, and tomatoes, as well as other crop plants and native flora. This species is sometimes treated as a subspecies of Cuscuta epithymum.

Haustorium
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function.  Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level.

The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word haustor meaning the one who draws, drains or drinks, and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth.
Crotopsalta fronsecetes
Crotopsalta fronsecetes is a species of cicada, also known as the eastern ticker, in the true cicada family, Cicadettinae subfamily and Cicadettini tribe. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2005 by Australian entomologist Anthony Ewart.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Linda Jónsdóttir
Jórunn Linda Jónsdóttir (10 March 1956 – 13 December 2019) was an Icelandic basketball player. In 1982 she became the first woman to be named the Icelandic Basketball Player of the Year. She won the Icelandic championship nine times and the Icelandic Basketball Cup six times.

Icelandic Basketball Player of the Year
The Icelandic Basketball Player of the Year award was established in 1973 to recognize the best Icelandic basketball player of the year. The winners are basketball players who have Icelandic citizenship, and whose performances with its sports club and/or national team throughout the year has reached the highest level of excellence. All players with Icelandic citizenship, regardless of where they play in the world, qualify for the award. The winners are selected by the Icelandic Basketball Association. From 1973 to 1997 there was one award for both men and women. In 1998 the Icelandic Basketball Association decided to select both the men's and women's player of the year.
Pseudomonas resinovorans
Pseudomonas resinovorans is a Gram-negative, soil bacterium that is commonly found in the lubricating oils of wood mills. It is able to degrade carbazole, and as such, may be used in bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. resinovorans has been placed in the P. aeruginosa group.

Carbazole
Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused onto the five-membered ring at the 2–3 position of indole (equivalent to the 9a–4a double bond in carbazole, respectively).

Carbazole is a constituent of tobacco smoke.
God Bless the Broken Road
God Bless the Broken Road is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by Harold Cronk. A loose interpretation of the 1994 song "Bless the Broken Road,"  the plot follows a mother who loses her husband in the War in Afghanistan and must cope with the loss. The film stars Lindsay Pulsipher, Makenzie Moss, Andrew Walker, Kim Delaney, Robin Givens, Gary Grubbs, Arthur Cartwright, LaDainian Tomlinson, Madeline Carroll, Ian Van Houten, and Jordin Sparks. It was released in the United States on September 7, 2018, by Freestyle Releasing.

Harold Cronk
Harold David Cronk (born October 27, 1973) is an American writer, director and producer best known for his work in Christian films, and for being a founding partner in 10 West Studios and EMC Productions. Cronk won the Best Director award at the Beverly Hills International Film Festival in 2006. He is husband to Amy Cronk.
The Spanish Jade (1922 film)
The Spanish Jade is a 1922 British silent drama film directed by John S. Robertson. Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer. The film is considered to be lost. It was shot at Islington Studios in London by the British subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. The story had previously been made into a 1915 film of the same title.

Film title design
Film title design is a term describing the craft and design of motion picture title sequences. Since the beginning of the film form, it has been important to motion picture. Originally a motionless piece of artwork called title art, it slowly evolved into an artform of its own.

A main title designer is the designer of the movie title. It has often been classified as motion graphics, title design, title sequences and animated credits. The title sequence is often presented through animated visuals and kinetic type while the credits are introduced on screen.
Don Connellan
Don Connellan (26 September 1973 – 4 August 2025) was an Irish Gaelic football manager and player. He played his football for the Kilmore club and at senior level for the Roscommon county team, while working as a garda.

Connellan was from Kilmore. He made his senior inter-county championship debut in 1993 in a 1–12 to 1–10 win over Leitrim in Carrick-on-Shannon. Connellan won a Connacht Senior Football Championship title while playing for Roscommon in 2001.

As a manager, he led Moycullen to a maiden Galway Senior Football Championship title in 2020. Don would again lead Moycullen to another county title in 2022, before going on to win the Connaught Club Championship, beating Sligo champions Tourlestrane by a scoreline of 13pts to 6pts.

Don was part of Maurice Sheridan's management team when NUI Galway got a Sigerson Cup in 2022, beating University of Limerick in the final by 12 pts to 1-6.

Connellan died on 4 August 2025, at the age of 51.

Leitrim county football team
The Leitrim county football team (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm) represents Leitrim in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Leitrim GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Connacht Senior Football Championship, and the National Football League.

Leitrim's home ground is Páirc Seán Mac Diarmada, Carrick-on-Shannon. The team's manager is Steven Poacher.

Considered "Connacht's traditional minnows", Leitrim is never considered seriously as likely to win a major title.

The team last won the Connacht Senior Championship in 1994 but has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.
Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Empire
The Cabinet of Ministers was the supreme state body established on November 4, 1731, by the decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna. On December 23, 1741, after the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna, it lost its powers and was transformed into the Personal Office of the Empress. In 1756, its functions were transferred to the Conference at the Highest Court.

Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
Burkhard Christoph Graf von Münnich (Russian: Христофо́р Анто́нович Миних, romanized: Khristofor Antonovich Minikh; 19 May [O.S. 9 May] 1683 – 27 October [O.S. 16 October] 1767) was a German-born army officer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire.

He carried out major reforms in the Russian Army and founded several elite military formations during the reign of Empress Anna of Russia (r. 1730–1740). As a statesman, he is widely regarded as the founder of Russian philhellenism. Like his father, Münnich was an  engineer and a specialist in hydrotechnology.
Anita Orlund
Anita Orlund (born 7 September 1964) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Akershus during the terms 1997–2001, 2001–2005, 2005–2009 and 2009–2013.

On the local level she was the mayor of Skedsmo from 2005 to 2011. She replaced Andreas Hamnes who was forced to resign following the Nedre Romerike Vannverk scandal. Since 2012 she is the managing director of Kunnskapsbyen Lillestrøm.

Skedsmo
Skedsmo was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Romerike.  The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Lillestrøm.  About one third of the municipal population lived in Lillestrøm.  Other important towns are Skedsmokorset, Skjetten and Strømmen. A smaller settlement adjoining Lillestrøm is Kjeller.

The local newspaper is Romerikes Blad (circulation 39,139 in 2004). The paper comes out daily.

Skedsmo municipality became part of Lillestrøm municipality 1 January 2020.
National Police of Panama
The National Police of Panama (Spanish: Policía Nacional de Panamá) is the country's national law enforcement agency, under the Panamanian Public Forces. Established by the National Police Act No. 18 of June 3, 1997, it is responsible for maintaining public order nationwide. The National Police, together with the National Aeronaval Service, National Border Service, Institutional Protection Service, and National Migration Service, make up the Public Forces. Since 2010, the National Police has reported to the President through the Minister of Public Security.

The National Police's emergency telephone number is 104 and is free of charge nationwide.

Emergency telephone number
An emergency telephone number is a number that allows a caller to contact local emergency services for assistance. The emergency number differs from country to country; it is typically a three-digit number so that it can be easily remembered and dialed quickly. Some countries have a different emergency number for each of the different emergency services; these often differ only by the last digit.

First introduced in the London area on 30 June 1937, the UK's 999 number is the world's oldest emergency call telephone service.

In many countries, dialing either 112 (used in Europe and parts of Asia, Africa and South America) or 911 (used mostly in the Americas) will connect callers to emergency services. For individual countries, see the list of emergency telephone numbers.
HMS Terrapin
HMS Terrapin was a British submarine of the third group of the T class. She was built as P323 by Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow  and launched on 31 August 1943.  So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Terrapin, after the animal of that name. Apart from a brief period in home waters off the Scandinavian coast, Terrapin served in the Far East for much of her wartime career.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
Markvard Sellevoll
Markvard Armin Sellevoll (14 November 1923 – 22 March 2020) was a Norwegian geophysicist.

He was born in Alversund. He worked as a docent in seismology at the University of Bergen from 1961 to 1975, and professor from 1975 to 1990. He was among the people who established NORSAR. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He died in 2020.

Alversund
Alversund is a village in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the mainland of the Lindås peninsula, along the shore of the Alverstraumen strait. The village sits between the villages of Alverstraumen (across the strait) and Alver (to the south), forming a large village area that is often referred to as Alversund.

The Alversund Bridge spans the Alverstraumen strait between Alversund and the village area of Alverstraumen located on the southern tip of the island of Radøy, creating a vital connection between Radøy and the mainland. In Alversund there is a primary school with about 400 pupils. Alversund Church (Alversund kyrkje) dates from 1879 and it is located in the village, along the main road. It was built of wood and has 200 seats.
Glossary of group theory
A group is a set together with an associative operation that admits an identity element and such that there exists an inverse for every element.

Throughout this glossary, we use e to denote the identity element of a group.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Microphylls and megaphylls
In plant anatomy and evolution a microphyll (or lycophyll) is a type of plant leaf with one single, unbranched leaf vein.  Plants with microphyll leaves occur early in the fossil record, and few such plants exist today. In the classical concept of a microphyll, the leaf vein emerges from the  protostele without leaving a leaf gap. Leaf gaps are small areas above the node of some leaves where there is no vascular tissue, as it has all been diverted to the leaf. Megaphylls, in contrast, have multiple veins within the leaf and leaf gaps above them in the stem.

Enation
Enations are scaly leaflike structures, differing from leaves in their lack of vascular tissue. They are created by some leaf diseases and occur normally on Psilotum. Enations are also found on some early plants such as Rhynia, where they are hypothesized to have aided in photosynthesis.
Modesto Soruco
Modesto Soruco Saucedo (born February 12, 1966) is a retired Bolivian football defender who played for the Bolivia national team in Copa América 1991 and Copa América 1993. He was also a member of the squad that qualified and participated in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. At club level he spent most of his career with Blooming, where he played from 1986 to 1997. Towards the end of his career, Soruco also had spells with San José, Independiente Petrolero and Aurora. He made his final run in the Copa Simón Bolívar with Real Santa Cruz in 2003.

1991 Copa América
The 1991 Copa América football tournament was hosted by Chile, from 6 to 21 July. It was organized by CONMEBOL and all ten member nations participated.

Until the 2021 edition, this was the last time that the tournament consisted of only CONMEBOL member nations. In later tournaments, at least two nations from outside CONMEBOL have been invited to bring the total number of participants to twelve.

Argentina won the Copa América for the record-tying 13th time, their first since 1959. With this title, Argentina qualified to participate in the 1992 King Fahd Cup and in the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy.
Nièvre (Loire)
The Nièvre (IPA: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a river in central France, a right tributary of the Loire. It flows through the département Nièvre.

Its source is in Champlemy. It flows generally south, through Guérigny, Urzy, and empties into the Loire in the town centre of Nevers.

Nevers
Nevers (/nəˈvɛər/ nə-VAIR, French: [nəvɛʁ] ⓘ; Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a city and the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France. It was the principal city of the former province of Nivernais. It is 260 km (160 mi) south-southeast of Paris.
Nahal Oz (kibbutz)
Nahal Oz (Hebrew: נחל עוז, lit. 'Mighty Stream') is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the northwestern part of the Negev desert close to the border with the Gaza Strip and near the development towns of Sderot and Netivot, it is under the jurisdiction of Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 596. A nearby IDF military base is known by the same name.

Development town
Development towns (Hebrew: עיירת פיתוח, Ayarat Pitu'ah) were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from Europe and other new immigrants, who arrived to the newly established State of Israel.

The towns were designed to expand the population of the country's peripheral areas while easing pressure on the crowded centre. Most of them were built in the Galilee in the north of Israel, and in the northern Negev desert in the south. In addition to the new towns, Jerusalem was also given development town status in the 1960s.

In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees from Arab states were initially resettled in refugee camps, known variously as immigrant camps, ma'abarot and development towns. Development towns were subsequently considered by some to be places of relegation and marginalisation.
Arne Hoffstad
Arne Hoffstad (21 September 1900 – 26 September 1980) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and Conservative Party politician. Born in Sandefjord, the son of a botanist, he became the editor of the local Sandefjords Blad newspaper.

Norwegian Media Businesses' Association
The Norwegian Media Businesses' Association (Norwegian: Mediebedriftenes Landsforening, MBL) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. It is a member of the Norwegian Press Association.
Schmidt Science Fellows
Schmidt Science Fellows is a STEM postdoctoral fellowship awarded annually since 2018 by Schmidt Futures, in partnership with the Rhodes Trust. Former Google chairman and chief executive officer Eric Schmidt, and his wife Wendy Schmidt, fund the fellowship award.

Wendy Schmidt
Wendy Susan Schmidt (née Boyle) is an American philanthropist and investor. She is the president and co-founder of the Schmidt Family Foundation, holding over $2 billion in philanthropic assets, and Schmidt Ocean Institute. She is married to Eric Schmidt, the former CEO of Google.
Mulranny
Mulranny or Mallaranny (Irish: An Mhala Raithní, meaning 'the hill-brow of the ferns')—sometimes spelt as 'Mulrany', 'Malaranny', 'Mullaranny', 'Mullranny' or 'Mulranny'—is a seaside village on the isthmus between Clew Bay and Blacksod Bay in County Mayo, Ireland. Located at the foot of the Nephin Mountain Range, Mulranny has a number of blue flag beaches and a coastal lagoon. The Corraun Peninsula, which contains three mountain peaks, is situated across Clew Bay.

Blacksod Bay
Blacksod Bay (Irish: Cuan an Fhóid Duibh) is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean in Erris, north County Mayo, Ireland. The 16 km (9.9 mi) long and 8 km (5.0 mi) wide bay is bounded on its western side by the Mullet Peninsula. Its eastern side includes Kiltane Parish, which extends southwards from Belmullet towards Gweesalia and Doohoma.
Renesse
Renesse (Zeeuws: Renisse) is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 28 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

Renesse is a popular tourist resort with zero-fare bus services in the area (in summer only).

Hellevoetsluis
Hellevoetsluis (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦɛləvutˈslœys] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the west of Netherlands. It is located in Voorne-Putten, South Holland. The former municipality covered an area of 61.20 km2 (23.63 sq mi) of which 20.10 km2 (7.76 sq mi) was water and it included the population centres of Nieuw-Helvoet, Nieuwenhoorn, and Oude en Nieuwe Struiten, all former municipalities.

Hellevoetsluis is located on the Haringvliet with the sea, beach, and dunes close by, on the extreme southern edge of the Rijnmond and Europoort areas, close to the broad Zeeland landscape. The name translates as "lock at the foot of the Helle". The Helle was a small local river that disappeared over time.

On 1 January 2023, the municipality of Hellevoetsluis merged with Brielle and Westvoorne into the new municipality of Voorne aan Zee.
Kannō disturbance
The Kannō disturbance or Kannō incident (観応擾乱, Kannō Jōran), also called Kannō no juran, was a civil war which developed from antagonisms between shōgun Ashikaga Takauji and his brother, Ashikaga Tadayoshi, thus dividing and weakening the early Ashikaga shogunate.  These events are labeled Kannō after the  Japanese era or nengō which was proclaimed by the Northern Court during the years 1350 through 1351 in the Nanboku-chō period of Japanese history. One of the main effects of the Disturbance was the re-invigoration of the Southern Court's war effort due to the flow of renegades from Kyoto who followed Tadayoshi to the Southern capital of Yoshino, near Nara.

Ashikaga Tadayoshi
Ashikaga Tadayoshi (足利 直義, 1306 – March 13, 1352, Kamakura, Japan) was a general of the Northern and Southern Courts period (1337–92) of Japanese history and a close associate of his elder brother Takauji, the first Muromachi shōgun. Son of Ashikaga Sadauji and Uesugi Kiyoko, daughter of Uesugi Yorishige, the same mother as Takauji, he was a pivotal figure of the chaotic transition period between the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates. Tadayoshi is today considered a military and administrative genius and the true architect of many of his elder brother's successes. In contemporary chronicles he is rarely called with his name, but is instead called either gosho (御所) or Daikyū-ji-dono (大休寺殿) from the name of his family temple. His posthumous name was Kozan Egen (古山慧源).
Fake Peak
Fake Peak is a small outcrop on a ridge beside the Ruth Glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska, US, 19 miles southeast of the summit of Denali. It has been shown by Robert M. Bryce that the "summit photograph" produced by Frederick Cook as evidence supporting his claim to have made the first ascent of Denali was taken on Fake Peak. At 5,338 feet (1,627 m), this is almost 15,000 feet (4,600 m) lower than the true summit of Denali.

Denali National Park and Preserve
Denali National Park and Preserve, formerly known as Mount McKinley National Park, is a United States national park and preserve located in Interior Alaska, centered on Denali, the highest mountain in North America. The park and contiguous preserve encompass 6,045,153 acres (2,446,387 ha; 9,446 sq mi; 24,464 km2) which is larger than the state of New Hampshire. On December 2, 1980, 2,146,580-acre (3,354 sq mi; 8,687 km2) of Mount McKinley's Wilderness was established within the park. Denali's landscape is a mix of forest at the lowest elevations, including deciduous taiga, with tundra at middle elevations, and glaciers, snow, and bare rock at the highest elevations. The longest glacier is Kahiltna Glacier. Wintertime activities include dog sledding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling. The park received 594,660 recreational visitors in 2018.