hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William F. Gernandt
William F. Gernandt (September 1872 – September 26, 1943) was a German-born architect who was based in Nebraska.  He designed a number of courthouses and other buildings that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

He was born in September 1872 in Germany, and in 1881 came with his family to the United States, specifically to Omaha, Nebraska.  He was a builder in Marysville, Kansas, during 1903-1906, and apparently "later embellished this period, describing it as: 'he was able to leave for the east to study for his chosen profession....After a course of study in which he perfected himself in architecture, he came back to Nebraska and made his start in a new career at Fairbury.'"  He then practiced as an architect in Fairbury, Nebraska during 1906 to 1912, and then in Omaha during 1912 to at least 1924. He and his wife moved to San Diego, California by 1926 and to Monrovia, California in 1937. He died there in 1943.

Fairbury, Nebraska
Fairbury is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fairbury had a population of 3,970.

Fairbury has been closely connected with railroading for much of its history. It was founded on the projected route of a railway, and grew as a shipping center. For nearly 80 years, it was the location of the Western Division headquarters of the Rock Island Railroad. Fairbury prospered with the Rock Island, and lost business and residents as the railroad declined.
Charly Wegelius
Charles "Charly" Wegelius (born 26 April 1978 in Espoo, Finland) is a British former professional road racing cyclist and current directeur sportif at EF Education–EasyPost

Never a winner of a professional race individually, Wegelius nevertheless made a career out of being a reliable and strong domestique, most notably in the mountains.

Domestique
In road bicycle racing, a domestique is a rider who works for the benefit of their team and leader, rather than trying to win the race. In French, domestique translates as "servant". The use of the term dates back to 1911, although such riders had existed before then.
Hideki Chiba
Hideki Chiba (born October 25, 1983) is a former baseball player based in Japan. He played for the Yokohama Bay Stars in the Central League during the 2002 season, posting a 3.38 ERA in eight innings pitched.

Yokohama DeNA BayStars
The Yokohama DeNA BayStars (横浜DeNAベイスターズ, Yokohama Dī-Enu-Ē Beisutāzu) are a professional baseball team in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. Their home field is Yokohama Stadium, located in central Yokohama. The team has been known by several names since becoming a professional team in 1950. It adopted its current name in 2011, when the club was purchased by software company DeNA.
State Medical Service Association
The State Medical Service Association was a pressure group formed by British doctors early in the twentieth century to press for reform of health services.

One of its demands was for "freeing a large section of medical men and women from such distasteful and incongruous work as the assessing and collecting of fees for services rendered."  It wanted to build on the National Insurance Act 1911 and develop a National Health Service, including hospital care in a comprehensive service.

Dr Benjamin Moore and Dr. Milson Russen Rhodes of Didsbury were prominent members.

The plans produced by Lord Dawson for the Lloyd George government in 1920 drew on the ideas of the Association.

It published  a journal,  Medical World  from 1913 which was adopted by the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1914.

When the Socialist Medical Association was founded in 1930 it absorbed many of the members and the organisation collapsed as a result.

National Insurance Act 1911
The National Insurance Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 55) created National Insurance, originally a system of health insurance for industrial workers in Great Britain based on contributions from employers, the government, and the workers themselves. It was one of the foundations of the modern welfare state. It also provided unemployment insurance for designated cyclical industries. It formed part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal governments of 1906–1915, led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. David Lloyd George, the Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer,  was the prime moving force behind its design, negotiations with doctors and other interest groups, and final passage, assisted by Home Secretary Winston Churchill.
Americhernes paluma
Americhernes paluma is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chernetidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1990 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet paluma refers to the type locality.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
National Living Treasures Award (Philippines)
The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), is conferred to a person or group of artists recognized by the Government of the Philippines for their contributions to the country's intangible cultural heritage. A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or Manlilikha ng Bayan  is "a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generations in their community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence."

Government of the Philippines
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.

The powers of the three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Cantor algebra
In mathematics, a Cantor algebra, named after Georg Cantor, is one of two closely related Boolean algebras, one countable and one complete.

The countable Cantor algebra is the  Boolean algebra of all clopen subsets of the Cantor set. This is the free Boolean algebra on a countable number of generators. Up to isomorphism, this is the only nontrivial Boolean algebra that is both countable and atomless.

The complete Cantor algebra is the complete Boolean algebra of Borel subsets of the reals modulo meager sets (Balcar & Jech 2006). It is isomorphic to the completion of the countable Cantor algebra. (The complete Cantor algebra is sometimes called the Cohen algebra, though "Cohen algebra" usually refers to a different type of Boolean algebra.) The complete Cantor algebra was studied by von Neumann in 1935 (later published as (von Neumann 1998)), who showed that it is not isomorphic to the random algebra of Borel subsets modulo measure zero sets.

Meagre set
In the mathematical field of general topology, a meagre set (also called a meager set or a set of first category) is a subset of a topological space that is a countable union of subsets that are not dense in any non-empty open set. Thus meager sets are, in a sense, "small", being small unions of small subsets.

The meagre subsets of a fixed space form a σ-ideal of subsets; that is, any subset of a meagre set is meagre, and the union of countably many meagre sets is meagre.

Meagre sets play an important role in the formulation of the notion of Baire space and of the Baire category theorem, which is used in the proof of several fundamental results of functional analysis.
Brongniartella (alga)
Brongniartella is a genus of red algae, named after French naturalist Adolphe Brongniart.

The genus was circumscribed by Jean Baptiste Bory de St. Vincent in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. (Bory et al.) Vol.2 on page 516 in 1822.

Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart (French: [adɔlf teodɔːʁ bʁɔ̃ɲaːʁ]) FRS FRSE FGS (14 January 1801 – 18 February 1876) was a French botanist. He was the son of the geologist Alexandre Brongniart and grandson of the architect, Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.  Brongniart's pioneering work on the relationships between extinct and existing plants has earned him the title of father of paleobotany. His major work on plant fossils was his Histoire des végétaux fossiles (1828–37).  He wrote his dissertation on the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), an extant family of flowering plants, and worked at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris until his death. In 1851, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.  This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Brongn. when citing a botanical name.
Climate change in the Republic of Ireland
Climate change may have a range of effects in Ireland. Increasing temperatures may change weather patterns, with the potential for increased heatwaves, rainfall and storm events, with subsequent effects on people through flooding Climate change has been assessed to be the single biggest threat to Ireland, according to the head of the Defence Forces of Ireland, Mark Mellett.

Mark Mellett
Vice Admiral Mark Mellett, DSM (Irish: Marcus Ó Méalóid; born 4 November 1958), is a retired Irish Naval Service vice admiral and was Chief of Staff of Ireland's Defence Forces from September 2015 until September 2021.
O. S. Stapley
Orley S. Stapley (April 28, 1872 – April 15, 1942) was a politician from Arizona who served in the Arizona state senate during the 2nd Arizona State Legislature. He began what would become the largest mercantile business in Arizona, and he was the largest dealer of International Harvester products in the United States.

2nd Arizona State Legislature
The 2nd Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1915, to December 31, 1916, during the second term of George W. P. Hunt as governor of Arizona, in Phoenix. The number of senators and representatives remained constant, at 19 and 35 respectively. The Democrats increased their lead in both houses, winning 18 of the 19 senate seats, and winning a clean sweep of the house, 35–0.
Table tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's singles
The women's singles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. The event took place from 6 August to 10 August 2016 at Riocentro.

The medals were presented by Ng Ser Miang, IOC member, Singapore and Petra Sörling, Executive Vice President of the ITTF.

Riocentro
22°58′45″S 43°24′48″W﻿ / ﻿22.97917°S 43.41333°W﻿ / -22.97917; -43.41333
Riocentro is an exhibition and convention center located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Built in 1977, it is the largest exhibition center in Latin America.
1999 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Martina Hingis defeated Amanda Coetzer in the final, 6–2, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 1999 Pan Pacific Open.

Lindsay Davenport was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Coetzer.

Elena Tatarkova
Elena Tatarkova or Olena Tatarkova (Ukrainian: Олена Tатаркова, born 22 August 1976) is a former professional tennis player from Ukraine.

She won four doubles titles on WTA Tour, and four singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Her best career result came in doubles; she reached the 1999 Wimbledon final with partner Mariaan de Swardt, which they lost to Lindsay Davenport and Corina Morariu. Tatarkova also made the 2001 French Open doubles semifinals with Justine Henin. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 45, and highest doubles ranking of No. 9, both in 1999.

Since retiring from professional tennis in 2004, she married Timothy Feltham in September 2007 and is mother to Stanley (Apr 2009) and Austin (Feb 2012)
Him All Along
"Him All Along" is a song by American rapper Gunna. It was released through YSL Records and 300 Entertainment on October 18, 2024, as the lead single from his sixth studio album, The Last Wun (2025). Gunna wrote the song with producers Turbo and Yung Bleu.

Yung Bleu
Jeremy Biddle, known professionally as Yung Bleu or Bleu, is an American rapper and singer. He is best known for his 2020 single "You're Mines Still", which peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 after it was remixed by Canadian rapper Drake.
Adoption in the United States
In the United States, adoption is the process of creating a legal parent–child relationship between a child and a parent who is not the child's parent by birth or a genetic parent.

Most adoptions in the US are adoptions by a step-parent. The second most common type is a foster care adoption. In those cases, the child is unable to live with the birth family, and the government is overseeing the care and adoption of the child. International adoptions involve the adoption of a child who was born outside the United States. A private adoption is an adoption that was independently arranged without the involvement of a government agency.

Between five and seven million Americans are adoptees. About 150,000 adoptions happen each year, including about 50,000 foster-care adoptions.

While most adoptions involve minor children (under the age of 18), adult adoption is also possible.

Open adoption
Open adoption is a form of adoption in which the biological and adoptive families have access to varying degrees of each other's personal information and have an option of contact. While open adoption is a relatively new phenomenon in the west, it has been a traditional practice in many Asian societies, especially in South Asia, for many centuries. In Hindu society, for example, it is relatively common for a childless couple to adopt the second or later son of the husband's brother when the childless couple has limited hope of producing their own child.

In an open adoption, the adoptive parents hold all the rights as the legal parents, yet the individuals of the biological and adoptive families may exercise the option to open the contact in varying forms: from just sending mail and/or photos, to face-to-face visits between birth and adoptive families.
T4 on the Beach
T4 on the Beach was an annual British one-day music event which was held on the beach at Weston-super-Mare and televised on Channel 4. The event began in 2003 as Pop Beach in Great Yarmouth, changing to the current title and venue in 2005.

The day consisted of a number of major contemporary pop and rock music acts from the UK and overseas, performing short sets in front of an audience of over 40,000. In addition to the main stage a smaller 4Music stage has provided a platform for newer upcoming bands, renamed in 2010 to the T4 Sessions stage.

The Hoosiers
The Hoosiers are an English pop rock band who were originally formed in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The band consists of members Irwin Sparkes (lead vocals, lead guitar) and Alan Sharland (drums, percussion, vocals).

Their first single "Worried About Ray" reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in July 2007, whilst their debut album,  The Trick to Life, reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart in October 2007. In August 2010, the band released their second top 20 single, "Choices", and their second top 10 album, The Illusion of Safety.
Kostanjek
Kostanjek (pronounced [kɔˈstaːnjək], German: Kosteinek) is a settlement north of Zdole in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Vitus and belongs to the Parish of Zdole. It is a Baroque church dating to the early 18th century. Its nave was extended in 1853.

Urban Municipality of Krško
The Urban Municipality of Krško (pronounced [ˈkə́ɾʃkɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Mestna občina Krško) is an urban municipality in eastern Slovenia. Its seat is the town of Krško. The area is traditionally divided between Lower Styria (territory on the left bank of the Sava) and Lower Carniola (territory on the right bank of the Sava). The entire municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. Krško received the status of an urban municipality in December 2021. It borders Croatia.
2014–15 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2014–15 Bobsleigh World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 12 December 2014 in Lake Placid, United States and ended on 15 February 2015 in Sochi, Russia. The World Cup is organised by the FIBT who also run World Cups and Championships in skeleton.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Ivan Bátory
Ivan Bátory (born 3 May 1975) is a Slovak cross-country skier who has competed at the international senior level of cross-country skiing since 1993. He was born in Liptovský Mikuláš and lives in Uhorská Ves. As a cross-country skier, he competed for Štrbské Pleso SC.

Bátory competed in all eight World Ski Championships from 1995 to 2009 (best finish: sixth in 15 km at Val di Fiemme in 2003), all five Winter Olympics from 1994 to 2010 (best result: eighth in team sprint at Turin in 2006), and all three Tour de Ski events from 2006-07 to 2008-09.

Bátory's best World Cup results are three third places from Kiruna (1999, 10 km classical), Davos (2001, 15 km classical), and Beitostølen (2005, 15 km classical). His best World Championships result is sixth place in the 15 km classical event in Val di Fiemme in 2003, and his best Olympic result is eighth place in the team sprint in Turin in 2006.

In 2011, Bátory retired from cross-country skiing.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
Boomerang attack
In cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher.

The boomerang attack has allowed new avenues of attack for many ciphers previously deemed safe from differential cryptanalysis.

Refinements on the boomerang attack have been published: the amplified boomerang attack, and the rectangle attack.

Due to the similarity of a Merkle–Damgård construction with a block cipher, this attack may also be applicable to certain hash functions such as MD5.

MD5
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321.

MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as a cryptographic hash function; however it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database, and may be preferred due to lower computational requirements than more recent Secure Hash Algorithms.
UFC Fight Night: Magomedsharipov vs. Kattar
UFC Fight Night: Magomedsharipov vs. Kattar (also known as UFC Fight Night: Zabit vs. Kattar, UFC Fight Night 163 and UFC on ESPN+ 21) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on November 9, 2019 at CSKA Arena in Moscow, Russia.

CSKA Arena
CSKA Arena (Russian: ЦСКА Арена), formerly known as VTB Ice Palace (Russian: ВТБ Ледовый дворец) and Legends Park Arena (Russian: Арена в Парке Легенд), is an indoor multi-sport venue that is located in Moscow, Russia. Its main sponsor is VTB Bank.

CSKA Arena is a part of the Park of Legends renovation project on the former ZiL auto plant site. It includes the Arena, the Russian Hockey Museum with the Russian Hockey Hall of Glory, Watersport Arena, and Apartments Complex. It is located nearby the ZIL MCC and Avtozavodskaya Metro station.
Arrondissement of Brussels-Periphery
The Arrondissement of Brussels-Periphery (Dutch: Arrondissement Brussel-Randgemeenten) was an administrative arrondissement in the Belgian Province of Brabant. It existed from 1963 to 1971 and comprised the six municipalities in the Brussels periphery (Dutch: Brusselse Rand; French: Périphérie bruxelloise) with language facilities.

Arrondissements of Belgium
Arrondissements of Belgium (plural in Dutch: arrondissementen) are subdivisions below the provinces of Belgium. There are administrative, judicial and electoral arrondissements. These may or may not relate to identical geographical areas.

Belgium, a federalized state,  geographically consists of three regions, of which only Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each; Brussels is neither a province nor is it part of one.
Nina Raine
Nina Raine is an English theatre director and playwright, the only daughter of Craig Raine and Ann Pasternak Slater, and a grand niece of the Russian novelist Boris Pasternak.

She graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1998 with a First in English Literature.

Alia Bano
Alia Bano is a British playwright of Pashtun origin.

A graduate of Queen Mary, University of London, she currently works as a schoolteacher in London. Bano is a product of the Royal Court Theatre's programme for young playwrights, and her debut play Shades was staged at the Royal Court in early 2009. The play met with instant acclaim from the critics. Charles Spencer wrote in his four-star review in The Daily Telegraph: "Shades turns out to be something both special and unexpected – a Muslim Bridget Jones's Diary". Shades also received strong reviews in the Guardian, the Evening Standard and the International Herald Tribune among others and won Bano the award for Most Promising Playwright in the 2009 Evening Standard Awards.

Bano also took part in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Books where she wrote a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible.