hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fantasy trope
A fantasy trope is a specific type of literary trope (recurring theme) that occurs in fantasy fiction. Worldbuilding, plot, and characterization have many common conventions, many of them having ultimately originated in myth and folklore. J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium (and in particular, The Lord of the Rings) for example, was inspired from a variety of different sources including Germanic, Finnish, Greek, Celtic and Slavic myths. Literary fantasy works operate using these tropes, while others use them in a revisionist manner, making the tropes over for various reasons such as for comic effect, and to create something fresh (a method that often generates new clichés).

Revisionism (fictional)
In literature, revisionism is the retelling of a conventional or established narrative with significant variations which deliberately "revise" the view shown in the original work.

For example, the 1883 children's book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood revised the folklore tale of Robin Hood to depict Robin as much more straightforwardly heroic and less as a thief with a code of honor.  This adaptation was immensely popular, and influenced all subsequent modern portrayals. Many original works of fantasy appear to retell fairy tales in a revisionist manner.
Parallel individuation system
The parallel individuation system, also called object tracking system is a non-symbolic cognitive system that supports the representation of numerical values from zero to three (in infants) or four (in adults and non-human animals). It is one of the two cognitive systems responsible for the representation of number, the other one being the approximate number system. Unlike the approximate number system, which is not precise and provides only an estimation of the number, the parallel individuation system is an exact system and encodes the exact numerical identity of the individual items. While counting and estimation correspond to the approximate number system, the parallel individuation system is tied to subitizing. The parallel individuation system has been attested in human adults, non-human animals, such as fish and human infants, although performance of infants is dependent on their age and task.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
No, Not Me, Never
No, Not Me, Never is the debut studio album by American indie rock band The Photo Atlas. The album was released in 2006 on the Morning After Records label but later re-released on 6 March 2007 on the Stolen Transmission record label. The song "Red Orange Yellow" was featured in video games Burnout Dominator and Burnout Paradise.

The Island Def Jam Music Group
The Island Def Jam Music Group (Island Def Jam) (IDJMG) was an American record label group formed on December 31, 1998, by Universal Music Group. Prior to 2014, Island Def Jam included labels originally established under the umbrellas of Island Records and Def Jam Recordings. On April 1, 2014, Universal Music Group publicly announced the dissolution of the Def Jam Group, leaving IDJMG and its affiliated subsidiaries as separate sister labels.

In 2024, Universal Music Group restructured its East Coast labels, including Def Jam Recordings, Island Records, Mercury Records, and Republic Records, under a central operational hub named Republic Corps.
String Quartet No. 4 (Carter)
The Fourth String Quartet by American composer Elliott Carter was composed in 1985–86 in New York City and Rome, and completed in June 1986. It was premiered on September 17, 1986, at Festival Miami, University of Miami, Florida by the Composers String Quartet.

The Composers Quartet
The Composers String Quartet was a string quartet best known for performances of new works by contemporary composers, including quartets by Elliott Carter and Ruth Crawford Seeger.  Carter's Fourth Quartet was dedicated to the Composers Quartet, who premiered the work in 1986.  The group has performed quartets by more than 60 American composers, and has toured abroad extensively.

The quartet was founded in 1965, and remained active until the late 1990s.  During the early 1970s it was the quartet-in-residence at New England Conservatory, where it sponsored a biennial composition prize.  In 1975, the group became the quartet-in-residence at Columbia University, remaining at Columbia for at least two decades.
Women's poetry in Spain
Women’s poetry in Spain encompasses the poetic works written by women from the late medieval period to the present day. Long marginalized within the literary canon, women poets have contributed significantly to Spain’s cultural and intellectual history, often challenging dominant aesthetic, social, and political norms. From early courtly voices and Enlightenment authors to Romantic pioneers, avant-garde innovators, and post-dictatorship feminists, their work reflects both creative diversity and the ongoing struggle for recognition. Feminist scholarship and critical recovery projects since the late 20th century have been instrumental in restoring these voices to visibility within literary studies.

Canon (basic principle)
The term canon derives from the Greek κανών (kanon), meaning "rule", and thence via Latin and Old French into English. The concept in English usage is very broad: in a general sense it refers to being one (adjectival) or a group (noun) of official, authentic or approved rules or laws, particularly ecclesiastical; or group of official, authentic, or approved literary or artistic works, such as the literature of a particular author, of a particular genre, or a particular group of religious scriptural texts; or similarly, one or a body of rules, principles, or standards accepted as axiomatic and universally binding in a religion, or a field of study or art.
Gertrude F. Rempfer
Gertrude F. Rempfer (January 30, 1912 – October 4, 2011) was an American physicist notable for her innovations in electron microscopy and who also was a civil rights activist. In particular, she made innovations in instrumentation that resulted in significant improvements in the capability of electron microscopes.

Rempfer's innovations in electron microscopy extended to both transmission electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. Her contributions included the design and improvement of the instrumentation, the actual instrument construction, and the application of electron microscopy in fields such as surface science, solid state physics, and biology. Rempfer was a university professor and at times worked in private industry and for the Manhattan Project.

Reed College
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center. Reed alumni include 123 Fulbright Scholars, 73 Watson Fellows, and three Churchill Scholars.
Judelin Aveska
Judelin Aveska (born October 21, 1987, in Port-Margot) is a Haitian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Taiwan Football Premier League club Hang Yuan.

He scored his only goal for national team against Antigua and Barbuda on 15 November 2011 at Stade Sylvio Cator

Taiwan Football Premier League
The Taiwan Football Premier League (TFPL; Chinese: 台灣企業甲級足球聯賽; pinyin: Táiwān Qǐyè Jiǎ Jí Zúqiú Liánsài) is the top-ranked Taiwanese football league run by the Chinese Taipei Football Association (CTFA).
Gomoh
Gomoh (better known as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Junction Gomoh) is a census town in Topchanchi CD Block Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It has a major railway junction, which was renamed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh railway station on 23 January 2009, that is situated on the Grand Chord Line under the Dhanbad division of the East Central Railway. Gomoh is the meeting point for trains coming from Howrah (Eastern Railway), Ranchi/Bokaro (South Eastern Railway) and Puri/Bhubaneswar (East Coast Railway).

Dhanbad district
Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi. It also has the lowest sex ratio in Jharkhand, at 908.

Dhanbad is also known as the coal capital of India, due to extensive coal mining industry that dominates the district.
Sime
Sime is a surname which traces back to the Clan Fraser, and the name Shimidh, Gaelic for Simon. Notable people with the surname include:

Abrham Sime, Ethiopian runner

Alemu Sime, Ethiopian politician

Charlie Sime, Australian rules footballer

Dave Sime (1936–2016), American athlete

Dawn Sime, Australian artist

Elias Sime, Ethiopian artist and sculptor

George Sime, British and Scottish field hockey player

James Sime, Scottish biologist, literary critic, and historian

Jessie Sime, Scottish-born Canadian novelist

Joanna Sime, British gymnast

John Sime, Scottish trade union leader

Mezgebu Sime, Ethiopian runner

Ruth Lewin Sime (1939–), American author

Sidney Sime (1867–1941), British artist

William Sime, South African-born English barrister, judge, and cricketer

Dawn Sime
Dawn Sime (1 June 1932 – 28 May 2001), who was also known as Dawn Frances Sloggett and Dawn Westbrook, was an abstract painter who was part of the expressionist movement in Melbourne in the late 1950s and 1960s. A pioneer of abstraction at the time, she was among only a few in the field She spent most of her life in Melbourne and died in Castlemaine.
Saburovsky Rail Bridges
Saburovsky Rail Bridges (Russian: Cабуровские железнодорожные мосты) are two adjacent steel bridges that span Moskva River in southern Moskvorechye-Saburovo District of Moscow, Russia. They were completed in 1924 and 1953, when Saburovo was a remote suburb of Moscow.

Moskva (river)
The Moskva (/məsˈkvɑː/ məs-KVAH or /ˈmɒskvə/ MOS-kvə; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 km (90 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 km (70 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.
Anamaria Effler
Anamaria Effler is a Romanian and American physicist who studies gravity waves as a scientist in the LIGO experiment at Livingston, Louisiana. Her work at LIGO involves tracking down and removing sources of noise in the LIGO gravity wave detector.

Livingston, Louisiana
Livingston is the parish seat of Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,877 as of the 2020 census.

Livingston hosts one of the two LIGO gravitational wave detector sites, the other one being located in Hanford, Washington.
David Elliott (politician)
David Andrew Elliott (born 11 June 1970) is an Australian former politician. Elliott served as the New South Wales Minister for Transport and the Minister for Veterans in the Perrottet ministry between 21 December 2021 and 25 March 2023. Elliott was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Baulkham Hills for the Liberal Party between 2011 and 2023.

Elliott served as the Minister for Police and Emergency Services between April 2019 and December 2021 in the second Berejiklian ministry and the first arrangement of the Perrottet ministry. Elliott was Minister for Counter Terrorism from January 2017 until March 2019 and Minister for Corrections and Minister for Veterans Affairs from April 2015 until March 2019 in the first Berejiklian ministry. He was Minister for Emergency Services between 2015 and 2017 in the second Baird government.

Berejiklian ministry (2017–2019)
The First Berejiklian  ministry was the 96th ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by Gladys Berejiklian, the state's 45th Premier.

The Liberal–National coalition ministry was formed on 23 January 2017, immediately following the resignation of the previous Premier, Mike Baird. Berejiklian and Nationals leader, John Barilaro, were sworn in at Government House, Sydney by Governor David Hurley on the same day.

On 29 January, Premier Berejiklian announced a reorganisation of the ministry, with the full ministry sworn in by the Governor on 30 January 2017.

The ministry covered the period from 23 January 2017 until 23 March 2019 when the 2019 state election was held, resulting in the re-election of the Coalition; with Berejiklian as leader and the Second Berejiklian ministry being formed.
Pulaski's Legion
Pulaski's Legion was a cavalry and infantry regiment raised on March 28, 1778 at Baltimore, Maryland under the command of Polish-born General Casimir Pulaski and Hungarian nobleman Michael Kovats de Fabriczy for their service with the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The Legion consisted of one troop of lancers, two troops of dragoons, and 200 light infantry soldiers. It was one of the few cavalry regiments in the Continental Army.

According to the latest research, the Pulaski banner, which symbolised the Legion, was inspired by the colours of the Hungarian national flag (red, white and green) in use since the early 17th century, and was created by the Moravian Lutheran Sisters according to the instructions of Michael Kovats in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in early 1778. The flag embedded cultural history elements reflecting the close Hungarian-Polish friendship and interstate relations back to the centuries.

Light infantry
Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry. Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts, raiders, and skirmishers. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation.

Following World War II, the term "light infantry" has evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasize speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role retain their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.
Cultural Center station
Cultural Center station is a Baltimore Light RailLink station located along Howard Street in the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, adjacent to the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall. It has two side platforms served by two tracks. The station opened on April 2, 1992, as part of the first phase of the system.

While there is no direct connection between the Light Rail and the Baltimore Metro SubwayLink system, the Cultural Center Light Rail station is located near the State Center station on the Metro.

Baltimore Light RailLink
The Baltimore Light RailLink (formerly Baltimore Light Rail, also known simply as the "Light Rail") is a light rail system serving Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and its northern and southern suburbs. It is operated by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA Maryland).

In downtown Baltimore, it uses street-embedded tracks. Outside the central portions of the city, the line is located on private rights-of-way, mostly from the defunct Northern Central Railway, Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad and Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway. The system had a ridership of 5,015,100, or about 14,500 per weekday, as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Popovo Municipality
Popovo Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Попово) is a municipality (obshtina) in Targovishte Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the eastern part of the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Popovo.

The municipality embraces a territory of 833 km2 (322 sq mi) with a population of 31,479 inhabitants, as of December 2009. The Hemus motorway is planned to cross the southern part of the area.

Targovishte Province
43°15′N 26°30′E﻿ / ﻿43.250°N 26.500°E﻿ / 43.250; 26.500

Targovishte Province (Bulgarian: Област Търговище, transliterated Oblast Tǎrgovište, former name Targovishte okrug) is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, named after its main city - Targovishte. As of December 2009, it had a population of 129,675.
Archie W. Butcher
Archie W. Butcher (April 29, 1901 – May 29, 1981) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas from 1928 to 1929 and at Oklahoma Baptist University in 1930, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 6–18–1. Butcher was also the head basketball coach at Oklahoma Baptist for one season, in 1930–31, tallying a mark of 5–10.

He obtained a degree in medicine from the University of Kansas School of Medicine in 1935, practicing in Miltonvale and Wakefield before moving to Abilene where he retired in 1976. Butcher died in 1981 at the age of 80.

Oklahoma Baptist University
Oklahoma Baptist University (OBU) is a private Baptist university in Shawnee, Oklahoma. It was established in 1910 under the original name of The Baptist University of Oklahoma. OBU is owned and was founded by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma.
Kil, Nacka Municipality
Kil is a locality situated on the island of Värmdö in Sweden's Stockholm archipelago. From an administrative perspective, it is located in Nacka Municipality and Stockholm County, and has 731 inhabitants as of 2010.

Värmdö (island)
Värmdö is an island in the innermost region of the Stockholm archipelago and covers an area of 181.40 km2, making it the largest island in the archipelago. Värmdö is after Gotland and Öland the third largest island on the eastern coast of Sweden.

Värmdö lies in Stockholm County.  Most of it forms part of Värmdö Municipality along with other islands, but the western end is part of Nacka Municipality, which lies mostly on the mainland, to which Värmdö is connected by a road bridge.

The UK-based Swedish television presenter Ulrika Jonsson has a home on the island.

The famous tennis player Björn Borg also has a house on the island, in the part that is called Djurö.

Artipelag is an international venue for art, culture, design that is located in Värmdö.
Hemigaleus
Hemigaleus is a genus of weasel shark in the family Hemigaleidae. It is characterized by a rounded snout and short gill slits. The mouth is short and broadly arched; the teeth have very short cusps, without toothless spaces at the jaw midlines. The dorsal and pelvic fins, and the lower caudal lobe are strongly falchate. At one time or another, this genus has encompassed up to nine species, but most were eventually split off into other genera. Neogaleus Whitley, 1931 is a junior synonym of this genus.

Hemigaleus australiensis W. T. White, Last & Compagno, 2005 (Australian weasel shark)

Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker, 1852 (sicklefin weasel shark)

Leonard Compagno
Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno (4 December 1943 in San Francisco - 25 September 2024) was an international authority on shark taxonomy and the author of many scientific papers and books on the subject, best known of which is his 1984 catalogue of shark species produced for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Compagno was mentioned in the credits of the 1975 film Jaws along with the National Geographic Society.
Ayuko Ito
Ayuko Ito (伊藤 亜由子, Itō Ayuko; born 29 September 1986) is a Japanese short-track speed-skater.

Ito competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Japan. She finished third in her opening round race of the  1000 metres, failing to advance and placing 18th. She was also a member of the 3000 metre relay team, which finished third in the semifinals and fourth in the B Final, ending up seventh overall.

As of 2013, Ito has won one bronze medal at the World Championships, as a member of the Japanese relay team in 2013. Her best individual result is 9th, in the 2012 1500 metres.

As of 2013, Ito has ten ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup podium finishes, all as part of the Japanese relay team. Her best result is a silver medal, achieved three times.  Her best World Cup ranking is eighth, in the 1000 metres in 2011–12.

She also competed in the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Olympics.

ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a series of international short track speed skating competitions, organised yearly by the International Skating Union since the winter of 1998/1999. Every year during the winter, a number of competitions on a number of different distances are held. Skaters can earn points at each competition and the skater who has the most points on a given distance at the end of the series is the winner.

The ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was replaced by ISU Short Track World Tour starting since the 2024-25 season.
Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women
Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women (LCIW) is a prison for women with its permanent pre-2016 facility located in St. Gabriel, Louisiana, United States. It is the only female correctional facility of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections. Elayn Hunt Correctional Center is immediately west of LCIW. LCIW includes the state's female death row. As of 2017 the prison has temporarily moved due to flooding that occurred in August 2016, and its prisoners are housed in other prisons. The administration is temporarily located in the former Jetson Youth Center near Baker.   By 2021 the Baker area address was given for the prison on the LCIW website.

Incarceration of women
Approximately 741,000 women are incarcerated in correctional facilities, a 17% increase since 2010 and the female prison population has been increasing across all continents. The list of countries by incarceration rate includes a main table with a column for the historical and current percentage of prisoners who are female.
CYP10 family
Cytochrome P450, family 10, also known as CYP10, is a cytochrome P450 family found in Lophotrochozoa belongs to Mitochondrial clan CYPs, which is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria(IMM). The first gene identified in this family is the CYP10A1 from the Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail), which is highly expressed in the female gonadotropic hormone producing dorsal bodies.

Lymnaea stagnalis
Lymnaea stagnalis, better known as the great pond snail, is a species of large air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae. The great pond snail is a model organism to study parasitology, neurology, embryonal development and genetic regulation.

Limnaea stagnalis var. baltica Lindström, 1868: synonym of Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)