hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernt P. Stigum
Bernt Petter Stigum (born 10 September 1931) is a Norwegian economist.

He was born in Oslo and graduated from Oslo Cathedral School in 1949. Following military service and studies in various European countries, Stigum took the BA in economics at Dartmouth College in 1956, followed by the MA and PhD at Harvard University in 1958 and 1962, respectively. He played college soccer for the Dartmouth Indians.

Stigum was an intern at the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1961–1962, then assistant professor at Cornell University from 1962 to 1968. He became associate professor at the Northwestern University in 1968 and subseequently professor in 1970, before moving home to Oslo and serving as a professor economics at the University of Oslo from 1974 to 2001. His main field was mathematical economics. He was inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1988.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Hope Valley, Derbyshire
The Hope Valley is a rural area centred on the village of Hope, Derbyshire, in the Peak District in the northern Midlands of England.

The name also applies to the post town that includes the surrounding villages.

Edale
Edale /ˈiːdeɪl/ is a village and civil parish in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England, whose population was 353 at the 2011 Census. Edale, with an
area of 7,030 acres (2,840 ha),
is in the Borough of High Peak.

Edale is best known to walkers as the start, or southern end, of the Pennine Way and, to less ambitious walkers, as a starting point for evening or day walks. The village is accessible by generally hourly railway services from Sheffield and Manchester. There are two pubs serving real ale and food.
North Carolina Highway 72
North Carolina Highway 72 (NC 72) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina that serves the communities of Red Springs and Lumberton. The east;west-signed highway physically runs more north and south through Robeson County.it got extended to Holden Beach, NC in 2025, having a concurrency with US 74/North Carolina Highway 130, and North Carolina Highway 211. Signed as a North;South Highway in Columbus and Brunswick Counties

Lumberton, North Carolina
Lumberton is a city in and the county seat of Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. As of 2020, its population was 19,025.

Located in southern North Carolina's Inner Banks region, Lumberton is located on the Lumber River. It was founded in 1787 by John Willis, an officer in the American Revolution. This was developed as a shipping point for lumber used by the Navy, and logs were guided downriver to Georgetown, South Carolina. Most of the town's growth took place after World War II.

David Lynch's 1986 film Blue Velvet was set in Lumberton; however filming took place in Wilmington.
Gothgau
Gothgau  is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,368 people living in 465 individual households.

Ramechhap District
Ramechhap District (Nepali: रामेछाप जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, also known as Wallo Kirat Ramechhap, has its district headquarters in Manthali and covers an area of 1,546 km2 (597 sq mi). In 2011, the district had a population of 202,646 and population density of 137.4 per km2 (53.1 per sq mi).  It has 11 post offices, with the District Post Office bearing the postal code 45400.

According to EHRP Nepal, the district is made up of eight local municipalities:

Manthali Municipality

Ramechhap Municipality

Umakunda Rural Municipality

Khandadevi Rural Municipality

Gokulganga Rural Municipality

Doramba Rural Municipality

Likhu Rural Municipality

Sunapati Rural Municipality.

Ramechhap District has the highest population of the endangered native group the Kusunda and the lowest population growth rate in Nepal.
Brad Zavisha
Bradley J. Zavisha (born January 4, 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He was selected in the third round of the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, 43rd overall, by the Quebec Nordiques. After four seasons in the major junior Western Hockey League, Zavisha turned professional. He played two games in the National Hockey League with the Edmonton Oilers during the 1993–94 season, but the majority of his career took place in the minor leagues or Europe. He was hampered by a serious knee injury, which caused him to miss the entire 1992–93 NHL season.

1990 NHL entry draft
The 1990 NHL entry draft was the 28th NHL entry draft. It was hosted by the Vancouver Canucks at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, on June 16, 1990. It is remembered as one of the deeper drafts in NHL history, with fourteen of the twenty-one first round picks going on to careers of at least 500 NHL games.

Nine of the twenty-one players drafted in the first round played 1,000 NHL games in their career.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Jaromir Jagr, who played his last NHL game in the 2017–18 season. As of 2025, Jagr is still an active player with Rytiri Kladno of the ELH.
Paul Cook (politician)
Paul Joseph Cook (born March 3, 1943) is an American politician serving as a San Bernardino County Supervisor since 2020, previously serving as the U.S. representative for California's 8th congressional district from 2013 to 2020. A member of the Republican Party, Cook also served on the Yucca Valley Town Council from 1998 to 2006 and represented the 65th district in the California State Assembly from 2006 to 2012.

In September 2019, Cook announced that he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020, and instead run for a seat on the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors. In the March 3, 2020 primary election, Cook defeated three opponents with an outright majority to avoid a November runoff and succeed Robert A. Lovingood, making him the new supervisor from San Bernardino County's 1st district. Cook resigned his U.S. House seat and assumed his new office on December 7, 2020.

California's 8th congressional district
California's 8th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, Democrat John Garamendi represents the district. Currently, the 8th district includes parts of the Bay Area counties of Contra Costa County and Solano County, including the cities of Vallejo, Fairfield, Richmond and parts of Martinez.
Sam Dockery
Samuel Dockery (1929 – December 21, 2015), nicknamed Sure-Footed Sam, was a hard bop pianist and well-respected musician on the Philadelphia jazz scene since the early 1950s. Dockery was born in Camden, New Jersey. He appears on 11 recordings as the pianist for Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers and composed "Sam's Tune" which appears on their 1957 Blue Note recording Ritual. In 1963 he was the pianist for Betty Carter's extended engagement at Birdland, and headed The Sam Dockery Trio in Philadelphia during the 1990s. He also taught at Philadelphia's University of the Arts. He died in a nursing home in 2015, aged 86. His brother was bassist Wayne Dockery.

University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
The University of the Arts (UArts) was a private arts university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its campus made up part of the Avenue of the Arts cultural district in Center City, Philadelphia. On May 31, 2024, university administrators suddenly announced that the university would close on June 7, 2024, although its precarious financial situation had been known for some time. It was accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The university included six schools: the School of Art, School of Dance, School of Design, School of Film, School of Music (accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music), and the Ira Brind School of Theater Arts, along with graduate and professional programs. A Saturday School of art classes for children opened in 1900.
Tsubasa wa Iranai
"Tsubasa wa Iranai" (翼はいらない; "Wings Aren't Needed") is the 44th single by the Japanese idol girl group AKB48. It was released in Japan on June 1, 2016. It was number-one on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart with 1,441,000 copies sold. The song also reached number-one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. It was the best-selling single of 2016 in Japan, with 2.507 million copies according to Billboard Japan and 1,519,387 copies according to Oricon.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Stanisław Komornicki
Stanisław Komornicki (26 July 1924 – 10 April 2010) was a brigadier general in the Polish Army and the chancellor of the Order Virtuti Militari.
He was born in Warsaw. He was a Polish underground activist (pseudonym: Nałęcz), a member of underground Scouting (Szare Szeregi), a soldier of Armia Krajowa, a participant in the Warsaw Uprising, an officer of the Polish First Army, a participant in the Battle of Kolberg, a writer, and a military historian.

He was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.

Nałęcz coat of arms
Nałęcz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnawɛnt͡ʂ]) is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by associated szlachta families in the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385), and Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).
End-user computing
End-user computing (EUC) refers to systems in which non-programmers can create working applications. EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim to better integrate end users into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high-end computing to perform problem-solving in a trustworthy manner.

End-user computing can range in complexity from users simply clicking a series of buttons, to citizen developers writing scripts in a controlled scripting language, to being able to modify and execute code directly.

Examples of end-user computing are systems built using fourth-generation programming languages, such as MAPPER or SQL, or one of the fifth-generation programming languages, such as ICAD.

User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. A user typically has a user account and is recognized by the system through a username. Some software products provide services to other systems and have no direct end users.
Marian Peretyatkovich
Marian Marianovich Peretyatkovich (Russian: Мариа́н Мариа́нович Перетя́ткович; 23 August 1872 – 22 May 1916) was a Russian architect of Polish descent. His premature death at the age of 43 limited his career to only eight years of independent practice (1908-1916), however, he managed to excel in a rational (Finnish) variety of late Art Nouveau, Renaissance Revival and Russian Revival in Saint Petersburg and Moscow. 
He is sometimes compared with Louis Sullivan on account of his insistence on functionality of office buildings.

Leon Benois
Leon or Leonty Nikolayevich Benois (Russian: Лео́нтий Никола́евич Бенуа́, romanized: Leonty Nikolayevich Benua; 23 August [O.S. 11 August] 1856 – 8 February 1928) was a Russian architect from the Benois family.
Giacomo Cavalieri
Giacomo Cavalieri (Rome, 1565 – Tivoli, 28 January 1629) was born in Rome in 1565 to Giacomo Cavalieri and Diana Santori, related to the Borghese and Paluzzi Albertoni families. He became referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature in the Roman Curia and governor of Faenza and Città di Castello and auditor of the Roman Rota. On 15 September 1623 he was appointed datary of His Holiness.

Pope Urban VIII created him cardinal priest in the consistory of 19 January 1626. He opted for the title of Sant'Eusebio on 9 February 1626. He died on 28 January 1629 in Tivoli.

Città di Castello
Città di Castello (Italian pronunciation: [tʃitˈta ddi kasˈtɛllo], lit. 'Castle Town') is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of Umbria. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is 56 km (35 mi) north of Perugia and 104 km (65 mi) south of Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, on the highway SS 3 bis. It is connected by the SS 73 with Arezzo, Tuscany, and the A1 highway, situated 38 km (23 mi) west. The comune of Città di Castello has an exclave named Monte Ruperto within Marche.
Mago II of Carthage
Mago II, also known as Magon (Punic: 𐤌𐤂‬𐤍‬, MGN, lit. 'shield'), was Shofet of Carthage from 396 to 375 BCE, and was a member of the Magonid dynasty. He became Shofet after the suicide of Himilco II in 396 BCE and was succeeded by Mago III (or Himilco Mago) in 375 BCE.

His reign started during wars with the Greeks of Sicily, who under the leadership of Dionysius I of Syracuse had defeated his predecessor. He quelled a rebellion in Libya, and made peace with Syracuse at the expense of his Sicilian allies the Sicels.

War broke out again at the end of his reign and he died in the Carthaginian defeat of the Battle of Cabala, he was succeeded by his son, also called Mago "Himilco Mago" who led the Carthaginians to a great victory against Dionysius at the battle of Cronium.

Punic language
The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages. An offshoot of the Phoenician language of coastal West Asia (modern Lebanon and north western Syria), it was principally spoken on the Mediterranean coast of Northwest Africa, the Iberian Peninsula  and several Mediterranean islands, such as Malta, Sicily, and Sardinia by the Punic people, or western Phoenicians, throughout classical antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD.
Seoul Station City Airport Terminal
The Seoul Station City Airport Terminal (SCAT) is a in-town early check-in service for passengers to the Incheon International Airport, located in the Seoul Station of Downtown Seoul, South Korea, operating from 29 December 2010 under AREX company. After the CALT closed its in-town check-in service operation at Gangnam in 2023, the Seoul City Terminal is the only available place in Seoul where in-town check-in service is provided.

In the Seoul Station City Airport Terminal, several designated airlines offer in-town early check-in service including luggage registration and hand over. From April 2024, there are nine airlines offering in-town check-in services at the Terminal; Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, T'way Air, Air Seoul, Air Busan, Jin Air, Lufthansa, and Eastar Jet.

Jeju Air
Jeju Air Co., Ltd. (Korean: 제주항공) is the first and the largest South Korean low-cost airline. Named after Jeju Island, the airline is headquartered in Jeju City with its largest base at Jeju International Airport. It was a founding member of the Value Alliance.

Aekyung Group is Jeju Air's largest shareholder, and Jeju Air is the largest shareholder in AK Holdings, the holding company of Aekyung Group. In 2024, it was reported that AK Holdings has injected over 600 billion won to Jeju Air in the previous four years. Jeju Air is the most profitable among AK Group's five subsidiaries.

Jeju Air is the first Korean LCC to be publicly listed on the Korea Exchange.
Hillsboro Stadium
Hillsboro Stadium is a multi-sport stadium in the Northwestern United States, located in Hillsboro, Oregon, a suburb west of Portland. Opened 27 years ago in 1999 and owned by the city of Hillsboro, the award-winning stadium is part of the Gordon Faber Recreation Complex located in the northeast part of the city, adjacent to the Sunset Highway.

The facility hosts home football games for Portland State University, plus state playoff games for the Oregon School Activities Association's smaller school divisions. Hillsboro Stadium is also used for baseball, softball, soccer, and lacrosse and has hosted college and professional teams. Hillsboro Stadium is used for the NWAPA's annual Century Showcase. The adjacent Hillsboro Ballpark (formerly Ron Tonkin Field) opened in 2013.

The primary playing field runs northwest to southeast, at an approximate elevation of 220 feet (67 m) above sea level. The covered main grandstand and press box are along the southwest sideline.

U.S. Route 26 in Oregon
U.S. Route 26 (US 26) is a major cross-state United States Numbered Highway with its western terminus in the U.S. state of Oregon, connecting US 101 on the Oregon Coast near Seaside with the Idaho state line east of Nyssa. Local highway names include the Sunset Highway No. 47, Mount Hood Highway No. 26, and John Day Highway No. 5 before continuing into Idaho and beyond.
Tony Hoagland
Anthony Dey Hoagland (November 19, 1953 – October 23, 2018) was an American poet. His poetry collection, What Narcissism Means to Me (2003), was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. His other honors included two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, a 2000 Guggenheim Fellowship in Poetry, and a fellowship to the Provincetown Fine Arts Work Center. His poems and criticism have appeared in such publications as Poetry Magazine, Ploughshares, AGNI, Threepenny Review, The Gettysburg Review, Ninth Letter, Southern Indiana Review, American Poetry Review and Harvard Review.

AGNI (magazine)
AGNI is an American literary magazine that publishes poetry, fiction, essays, reviews, interviews, and artwork twice a year in print and weekly online from its home at Boston University. It was founded in 1972 at Antioch College as The Agni Review. Its coeditors are Sven Birkerts and William Pierce.
3000 Miles to Graceland
3000 Miles to Graceland is a 2001 American action crime film directed and co-produced by Demian Lichtenstein. The original script was written by Richard Recco and Demian Lichtenstein shares a co-writing credit on the final film. The film stars Kurt Russell, Kevin Costner, Courteney Cox, David Arquette, Bokeem Woodbine, Christian Slater, Kevin Pollak and Daisy McCrackin.

3000 Miles to Graceland was produced by Franchise Pictures and released in the United States on February 23, 2001, by Morgan Creek Productions, Inc. (through Warner Bros. Pictures). The film received mostly negative critical reviews and was a box-office bomb making only $18.7 million against its $47.4 million budget.

Kevin Pollak
Kevin Elliot Pollak (born October 30, 1957) is an American actor, comedian, impressionist and podcaster. He has appeared in over 90 films; his roles include Sam Weinberg in Rob Reiner's A Few Good Men, Jacob Goldman in Grumpy Old Men and its sequel Grumpier Old Men; Todd Hockney in The Usual Suspects, Phillip Green in Martin Scorsese's Casino, and Bobby Chicago in End of Days.

From 2016 to 2022, he played a recurring role in Better Things. From 2017 to 2023, Pollak was a regular cast member on The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel on Amazon.
Evolutionary tradeoff
In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary tradeoff is a situation in which evolution cannot advance one part of a biological system without distressing another part of it. In this context, tradeoffs refer to the process through which a trait increases in fitness at the expense of decreased fitness in another trait. A much agreed-on theory on what causes evolutionary tradeoffs is that due to resource limitations (e.g. energy, habitat/space, time) the simultaneous optimization of two traits cannot be achieved. Another commonly accepted cause of evolutionary tradeoffs  is that the characteristics of increasing the fitness in one trait negatively affects the fitness of another trait. This negative relationship is found in traits that are antagonistically pleiotropic (one gene responsible for multiple traits that are not all beneficial to the organism) or when linkage disequilibrium is present (non-random association of alleles at different loci during the gametic phase).

Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.  For example, having eye color is a character of an organism,   while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits.  The term trait is generally used in genetics, often to describe the phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population, such as the famous purple vs. white flower coloration in Gregor Mendel's pea plants.  By contrast, in systematics, the term  character state is employed to describe features that represent fixed diagnostic differences among taxa, such as the absence of tails in great apes, relative to other primate groups.
Afyon–Antalya–Alanya Motorway
The Afyon–Antalya–Alanya Motorway is a planned highway partially under construction in western Turkey. Serik-Alanya section of the motorway is under construction, while the part between Afyonkarahisar and Serik is under planning.

Afyonkarahisar
Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑfˌjon.kɑˈɾɑhisɑɾ], Turkish: afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a major city in western Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Afyonkarahisar Province and Afyonkarahisar District. Its population is 328.319 (2024). Afyon is in the mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas, an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey, and the place where independence was won.
In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of Turkey's leading provinces in agriculture, globally renowned for its marble and is the world's largest producer of pharmaceutical opium. In antiquity, the city was called Akroinon and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle, built around 1350 BC.
Harry Loughran
Harry Loughran (born 1994) is a former Gaelic footballer who played for the Tyrone county team.

He played five times in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship as Tyrone reached the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, scoring goals against Donegal and Meath. He also scored eight goals for his club Moy during its winning 2018 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship campaign.

Loughran had surgery for a persistent back injury in November 2019 but announced his retirement at the age of 26 on 24 February 2021.

2017–18 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship
The 2017–2018 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship is the 15th annual gaelic football club championship since its establishment in the 2003-04 season. The winners of the intermediate club championship in each county enter the competition. Moy won the title.

The 2016-17 champions were Westport from Mayo who defeated St. Colmcille's of Meath on 19 February 2017 to win their 1st title.