hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Graham (rugby union)
Sir David John Graham KNZM CBE ED (9 January 1935 – 2 August 2017), generally known as John Graham, was a New Zealand educator and rugby union player. He served as president of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) and was an All Black loose forward; he played 22 Tests between 1958 and 1964, including three as captain. He was headmaster of Auckland Grammar School from 1973 to 1993, New Zealand cricket team manager from 1997 to 1999, the University of Auckland Chancellor from 1999 to 2004, and was elected president of the NZRFU in April 2005.

Efficiency Decoration
The Efficiency Decoration, post-nominal letters TD for recipients serving in the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom or ED for those serving in the Auxiliary Military Forces, was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time officers after twenty years of service as an efficient and thoroughly capable officer. The decoration superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration, the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration.

In the British Commonwealth, the decoration was gradually superseded by national decorations in some member countries, in Canada by the  Canadian Forces' Decoration in 1951, in the Union of South Africa by the John Chard Decoration in 1952 and in Australia by the Reserve Force Decoration in 1982. In the United Kingdom, the decoration was superseded by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal in 1999. New Zealand continues to award the Efficiency Decoration (New Zealand) and is one of a few countries still to do so.
Single cell epigenomics
Single cell epigenomics is the study of epigenomics (the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell) in individual cells by single cell sequencing. Since 2013, methods have been created including whole-genome single-cell bisulfite sequencing to measure DNA methylation, whole-genome ChIP-sequencing to measure histone modifications, whole-genome ATAC-seq to measure chromatin accessibility and chromosome conformation capture.

ATAC-seq
ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility. The technique was introduced in 2013 by the labs of Will Greenleaf and Howard Chang at Stanford University as an alternative to MNase-seq, FAIRE-Seq and DNase-Seq with faster turnaround time, simpler protocol, and lower DNA input requirements.
Nils-Göran Areskoug
Nils-Göran Areskoug (18 May 1951 - 10 June 2025) was a Swedish physician, musicologist, composer, and author. He served as Associate Professor in Transdisciplinary Research at the Swedish Academy and as Associate Professor in Musicology at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland.

Swedish Academy
The Swedish Academy (Swedish: Svenska Akademien), founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. Its 18 members, who are elected for life, comprise the highest Swedish language authority. Outside Scandinavia, it is best known as the body that chooses the laureates for the annual Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded in memory of the donor Alfred Nobel.
Train Advise Assist Command – East
Train Advise Assist Command – East (TAAC – East) was a multinational military formation, part of NATO's Resolute Support Mission within Afghanistan. Until 2014 it was designated Regional Command East, part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The United States Army provided the force headquarters. The command headquarters was located in Laghman Province.

TAAC-East included the provinces of Kapisa, Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Panjshayr and Parwan.  It shared a portion of the border with Pakistan.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Kierans
Kierans is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Kierans (1914–2004), Canadian economist and politician

Grainne Kierans (born 1978), Irish footballer and coach

Thomas Kierans (1913–2013), Canadian mining engineer

Wayne Kierans, Gaelic football manager

Wayne Kierans
Wayne Kierans is a Gaelic football manager.

Kierans was a selector under Pete McGrath. As an O'Connell's clubman, he made it known he wanted the Louth manager job in 2018, and he was the first one interviewed for it.

He coached Louth to a first Leinster Minor Football Championship final in 46 years in 2017, in the second of his two seasons in charge before taking over the under-20 team in 2018.

His time with Louth ended in 2020.

Kierans brought Naomh Fionnbarra, a Junior Championship in 2015. O'Connell's towards the end of the season Kierans left Louth and in 2022, he was appointed as a manager of Killeavy. He stepped down from his role at Killeavy in 2023.
Bill Madden (sportswriter)
Bill Madden (born 1946) is an American sportswriter formerly with the New York Daily News. A member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America, he has served on the Historical Overview Committee of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005, 2007 and 2008, helping to select candidates for the final ballots presented to the Veterans Committee.

Madden grew up in Oradell, New Jersey, and graduated from Bergen Catholic High School.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Gene Heeter
Eugene Elwood Heeter (born April 19, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the New York Jets of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers before playing for the Jets from 1963 through 1965.  On September 12, 1964, he scored the first-ever touchdown in Flushing's Shea Stadium , catching a 16-yard pass from Dick Wood against the Denver Broncos[usurped].
Heeter was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Football Category with the Class of 2016.

Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame
The Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame is an American sports hall of fame based in Suffolk County on Long Island, New York. The non-profit was established during 1990 to honor outstanding people, living or deceased, who have gained prominence and made substantial contributions on behalf of themselves and Suffolk County in professional and amateur sports.
Greg Howe (album)
Greg Howe is the first studio album by guitarist Greg Howe, released in 1988 by Shrapnel Records. Prior to its recording, Howe had sent a demo tape to Shrapnel founder Mike Varney in 1987, after which he was signed to the label.

Shrapnel Records
Shrapnel Records is an American record label group founded by record producer Mike Varney. The group principally uses the Shrapnel Records record label, a guitar-oriented label which features shred guitar, hard rock, metal and progressive metal. In the 1990s, he also started the Tone Center Records and Blues Bureau International sublabels to promote fusion and blues.

Blues Bureau artists include Rick Derringer, Eric Gales, Marc Ford, Chris Duarte, Leslie West and Pat Travers.

Tone Center Records grew out of Varney's admiration for the jazz fusion of the 1970s and groups such as The Tony Williams Lifetime, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever, and Soft Machine. Tone Center's early releases included drummer Steve Smith and guitarists Larry Coryell,  Frank Gambale, and Scott Henderson.
San Secondo, Città di Castello
San Secondo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsan seˈkondo]) is a frazione of the comune of Città di Castello in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 271 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 980 inhabitants.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Champions of Krynn
Champions of Krynn is a role-playing video game, the first in a three-part series of Dragonlance Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Gold Box games. It was published in 1990 by Strategic Simulations. The highest graphics setting supported in the MS-DOS version is EGA graphics. It also supports the Adlib sound card and either a mouse or joystick.

Enhanced Graphics Adapter
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC graphics adapter  and de facto computer display standard from 1984 that superseded the CGA standard introduced with the original IBM PC, and was itself superseded by the VGA standard in 1987. In addition to the original EGA card manufactured by IBM, many compatible third-party cards were manufactured, and EGA graphics modes continued to be supported by VGA and later standards.
Netherlands–South Africa relations
Netherlands–South Africa relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Netherlands and South Africa. Both nations share historic ties and have a long-standing special relationship, partly due to the Dutch colony in the Cape, linguistic similarity between Dutch and Afrikaans and the Netherlands' staunch support in the struggle against Apartheid.

D. F. Malan
Daniël François Malan PC  (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈdɑːni.əl franˈsʋɑː mɑːˈlan]; 22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959) was a South African politician who served as the fourth prime minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954. The National Party implemented the system of apartheid, which enforced racial segregation laws, during his tenure as prime minister.
Isoetes histrix
Isoetes histrix, the land quillwort, is an aquatic pteridophyte native to the Mediterranean region, northwestern Africa, and the coasts of western Europe northwest to Cornwall. It occurs mainly in temporarily wet habitats, otherwise called vernal pools.

The leaves are 3–8 cm long, and summer-deciduous. It differs from Isoetes durieui by its large black scales between the leaves, though these are not always present, and a surface of megaspores with tubercles, whereas I. durieui has a network of ridges.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Alfred Leroy
Alfred-Désiré-Louis-Joseph Leroy (18 August 1837 – 7 August 1901) was a French industrialist and politician who sat in the Senate from 1900 to 1901.

He entered the Bruay Mining Company in 1872, and became general manager in 1897. He was mayor of Bruay-en-Artois from 1879 to 1900 and general councillor of the Canton of Houdain. He was made an officer of the Legion of Honour in 1897. On 29 April 1900 he was elected to the Senate representing Pas-de-Calais, where he was associated with the Republican Union group. He died in office in 1901.

One of his daughters, Mathilde, married Jules Elby, who succeeded his father-in-law at the Bruay Mining Company and in the Senate.

Republican Union (France)
The Republican Union (French: Union républicaine, UR), later known as the Progressive Union  (French: Union progressiste, UP), was a French parliamentary group founded in 1871 as a heterogeneous alliance of moderate radicals, former Communards and opponents of the French-Prussian Treaty.
Alfred Brueckner
Alfred Brueckner (7 September 1861, in Magdeburg – 15 January 1936, in Berlin) was a German classical archaeologist. He was a specialist in Greek funerary art.

In 1886, he obtained his PhD at the University of Strasbourg, where he was a student of Adolf Michaelis. From 1888 to 1890, via a travel scholarship from the Deutschen Archäologischen Institut (DAI), he visited Greece and Asia Minor. Until 1924 (year of retirement) he taught classes at Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium in Schöneberg. He was a member of the Deutschen Archäologischen Institut (since 1892) and the Archäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin.

In 1893, under Wilhelm Dörpfeld, he participated in excavatory work at Troy, and for a number of years, conducted excavations at Kerameikos in Athens. He made significant contributions as an editor of Alexander Conze's Die attischen grabreliefs, a project involving Attican funerary reliefs (1893-1922).

German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (German: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, DAI) is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
Ingvar Rydell
Gustav Ingvar Rydell  (7 May 1922 – 20 June 2013) was a Swedish football forward who played for Malmö FF. He also represented Sweden in the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. and won a bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Finland.

Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics
The Football tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics was won by Hungary.

The games signalled the arrival (to Western Europeans at least) of the Hungarian national football team – the "Magical Magyars". Ferenc Puskás later said of the 1952 competition: "It was during the Olympics that our football first started to flow with real power." It was during the Games that Stanley Rous of English Football Association invited the Hungarians to play a friendly at Wembley the following year.
Contra ReBirth
Contra ReBirth is a 2D run and gun video game developed by M2 and published by Konami for WiiWare. It is the twelfth original installment in the Contra series. It was released in Japan on May 12, 2009, the PAL region on September 4, 2009, and North America on September 7, 2009.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
Girl 6 (album)
Girl 6 is the soundtrack album to the Spike Lee film of the same name. All songs were written by Prince.  It was released on March 19, 1996, by Warner Bros. Records. The album consists of mostly previously released songs from Prince and related artists such as the Family, Vanity 6, and the New Power Generation. The three previously unreleased tracks are "She Spoke 2 Me" (recorded in 1991–1992), "Don't Talk 2 Strangers" (recorded in 1992, during sessions for the proposed I'll Do Anything soundtrack) and "Girl 6", which was newly recorded for the soundtrack.

The title track was released as a single, backed with "Nasty Girl" by Vanity 6.

Nasty Girl (Vanity 6 song)
"Nasty Girl" is a song written and composed by American musician Prince. The song was first recorded by his protégée girl group Vanity 6 in 1982, who charted at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart with their version. Prince gave the songwriting credit to lead singer Vanity, although he was the writer and composer. Inaya Day released a hit cover version of the song in 2005 that reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart. There have also been several other versions of this song.
Acanthodus
Acanthodus is an extinct genus of conodonts.

Acanthodus humachensis and A. raqueli are from then Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) of the Santa Rosita Formation in Argentina.

Tremadocian
The Tremadocian is the lowest stage of Ordovician. Together with the later Floian Stage it forms the Lower Ordovician Epoch. The Tremadocian lasted from 486.85 to 477.1 million years ago. The base of the Tremadocian is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Iapetognathus fluctivagus at the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) section on Newfoundland.
Min Basadur
Marino (Min) Sidney Basadur is a teacher, consultant and researcher best known for his work in applied creativity and as the developer Simplexity Thinking System for improving workplace innovation & creativity.
  He is president of Basadur Applied Creativity and professor emeritus of organizational behavior and innovation at McMaster University's Michael G. DeGroote School of Business.

DeGroote School of Business
The DeGroote School of Business is one of six faculties at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.  The School of Business was founded in 1952 but was renamed in 1992 in honour of successful Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Michael G. DeGroote. The DeGroote school offers (Hon) B.Commerce, MBA and Ph.D. degrees.

The current dean is Dr. Khaled Hassanein.

The business school is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
Salma, Syria
Salma (Arabic: سَلْمَىٰ, romanized: Salmā) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located northeast of Latakia. Nearby localities include Mashqita and Ayn al-Bayda to the west, al-Haffah to the southwest, Aramo and Slinfah 12 km to the south, and Kinsabba to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Salma had a population of 2,131 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants and those of the Jabal al-Akrad area are predominantly Sunni Muslims, although about 60% of the Latakia District's residents are Alawites.

Mashqita
Mashqita (Arabic: مشقيتا) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located north of Latakia. Nearby localities include Ayn al-Bayda, Al-Shamiyah and Burj Islam to the west, al-Bahluliyah to the east and Mushayrafet al-Samouk to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Mashqita had a population of 2,376 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
James Collins (rugby union)
James William Collins (born 8 February 1986 in Birmingham) is an English rugby union player. He played as a flanker for Worcester Warriors in the Guinness Premiership.

As a product of the academy system, back row Collins started the EDF Energy Cup victory over Northampton Saints at Franklin's Gardens in September 2006 and European Challenge Cup game with Clermont in October 2006. He has also made a number of Guinness 'A' league appearances.

In January 2008, Collins was selected to play for the England Sevens team for their IRB Sevens World Series games, making his debut at the 2008 Wellington Sevens.

In March 2009, Collins signed a new deal keeping him at Sixways until the end of the 2011 RFU Championship Season, but in March 2011, it was announced that James had been released by the club and that he had signed a new two-year deal with the Sale Sharks Rugby Club.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Black-eared catbird
The black-eared catbird (Ailuroedus melanotis) is a species of bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchidae) which can be found northern Queensland, Australia, and New Guinea, including its surrounding islands. They are named after their cat-like wails and black ear spot.

Aru Islands Regency
The Aru Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of 6,426.77 km2 (2,481.39 sq mi). At the 2011 Census the Regency had a population of 84,138; the 2020 Census produced a total of 102,237, and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 112,531 (comprising 57,767 males and 54,764 females). Some sources regard the archipelago as part of Asia, while others regard it as part of Melanesia.
Egretta
Egretta is a genus of medium-sized herons, mostly breeding in warmer climates.

Representatives of this genus are found in most of the world, and the little egret, as well as being widespread throughout much of the Old World, has now started to colonise the Americas.

These are typical egrets in shape, long-necked and long-legged. A few plumage features are shared, although several have plumes in breeding plumage; a number of species are either white in all plumages, have a white morph (e.g. reddish egret), or have a white juvenile plumage (little blue heron).

The breeding habitat of Egretta herons is marshy wetlands in warm regions. They nest in colonies, often with other wading birds, usually on platforms of sticks in trees or shrubs.

These herons feed on insects, fish, and amphibians, caught normally by cautious stalking.

Bird colony
A bird colony is a large congregation of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location. Many kinds of birds are known to congregate in groups of varying size; a congregation of nesting birds is called a breeding colony. Colonial nesting birds include seabirds such as auks and albatrosses; wetland species such as herons; and a few passerines such as weaverbirds, certain blackbirds, and some swallows. A group of birds congregating for rest is called a communal roost. Evidence of colonial nesting has been found in non-neornithine birds (Enantiornithes), in sediments from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania.