hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luden
Luden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Heinrich Luden (1778-1847), German historian

Jack Luden (1902-1951), American film actor

William H. Luden (1859-1949), American businessman
Luden's, a brand of cough drop developed by William H. Luden

Yitzhak Luden (1922–2017) Isrtaeli journalist, writer, and Bund activist

Luden's
Luden's is an American brand of cough drop that is currently manufactured and sold in the US by Prestige Consumer Healthcare. Company headquarters are in Tarrytown, New York. Luden's products cycle based on consumer demand, but their most popular flavors include Wild Cherry, Sugar-Free Wild Cherry, Watermelon, Honey Licorice, Wild Berry, Honey Lemon, and Wild Honey. Other flavors in rotation include Blue Raspberry, Kiwi-Strawberry, Orange, and Original Menthol.
Anamosa Limestone
Anamosa Limestone or Anamosa Member is a dolomitic limestone quarried out of Stone City, Iowa, which is located along the Wapsipinicon River about two miles west of Anamosa, Iowa. It is distinguished by its uniform texture, color, banding, durability, and most of all, by its distinct planar and undulating varve–like laminations. This distinctive stone forms part of the Gower Formation, the youngest Silurian strata in Iowa. The Gower is overlain unconformably by a mid–Devonian formation. The color classification is Buff, which is described as a warm shade of light to moderate gold.

Dolomite (mineral)
Dolomite (/ˈdɒl.əˌmaɪt, ˈdoʊ.lə-/) is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally CaMg(CO3)2. The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite (see Dolomite (rock)). An alternative name sometimes used for the dolomitic rock type is dolostone.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 14
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 14 (P. Oxy. 14) is a fragment of an elegiac poem by an unknown author in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the second or third century. It is housed in the Edinburgh University Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 185 by 72 mm. There is a reference to a well-known passage of the Iliad. The text is written in a clear upright uncial hand. The margins are very deep (7,8 cm). According to the publishers the blank space was intended for scholia.

Scholia
Scholia (sg.: scholium or scholion, from Ancient Greek: σχόλιον, "comment", "interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC.
USNS Redstone
USNS Redstone, designated T‑AGM‑20, was a tracking ship assigned to Apollo space mission support under the control of the Eastern Range. For a brief time during conversion the ship was named Johnstown with the designation AGM‑20.

The ship was built as Mission De Pala, named for Mission San Antonio de Pala in eastern San Diego County, California, a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker, for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war the tanker was transferred to the United States Navy for operation by the Naval Transportation Service as Mission De Pala (AO-114) and later the successor Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission De Pala (T-AO-114). The tanker was a member of the Mission Buenaventura-class oiler.

Eastern Range
The Eastern Range (ER) is an American rocket range (Spaceport) that supports missile and rocket launches from the two major launch heads located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida.: 5  The range has also supported Ariane launches from the Guiana Space Centre as well as launches from the Wallops Flight Facility and other lead ranges.: 7  The range also uses instrumentation operated by NASA at Wallops and KSC.: 12

The range can support launches between 37° and 114° azimuth. The headquarters of the range is now the Space Launch Delta 45 at Patrick Space Force Base.: 1
Sanawa
Sanawa is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) away from sub post office Langroya, 9.4 kilometres (5.8 mi) from Nawanshahr, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 83.7 kilometres (52.0 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district is one of twenty-three districts of state of Punjab, India. It is located in Doaba region. It consists of three subdivisions, Nawanshahr, Banga, and Balachaur.
There are three legislative seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr, the district headquarters is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Chandigarh, the state's capital.

As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala and Fatehgarh Sahib.
Taipei Liaison Office in South Africa
The Taipei Liaison Office in the Republic of South Africa (Chinese: 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處; pinyin: Zhù Nánfēi Gònghéguó Táiběi Liánluò Dàibiǎo Chù) represents the interests of Taiwan in South Africa in the absence
of formal diplomatic relations, functioning as a de facto embassy. Its counterpart in Taiwan is the Liaison Office of the Republic of South Africa in Taipei. It has two offices, one in Pretoria and the other in Cape Town.

It has responsibility for the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo Province, North-West Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Free State.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Piano Concerto No. 3 (Ries)
Piano Concerto No. 3 in C-sharp minor, Op. 55, by German composer Ferdinand Ries was written around 1813. It was composed in the proto-Romantic style, similar to the concertos of Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and anticipates stylistic developments of future Romantic composers.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Up-down cues
Up-down cues are human sensory cues built into an environment to indicate which direction is "up", even if "up" is arbitrary.

For example, a cluttered desk has a number of unattached objects on one surface but not on the others.  We can assume that the objects are being held to that surface by gravity, and that the surface in question is the "top" of the desk.  This establishes the up and down directions.  In humans, the visual sensory system can overpower other sources of environmental information, such as the vestibular system.  Conflicting signals are resolved by deference to the information gathered by the eyes.  For example, astronauts in a Space Shuttle may have experienced space sickness when their vestibular systems are indicating free-fall and their visual sensory systems are indicating no movement.  Building visual "hints" into the environment allows the visual system to override other senses and provide a solid sense of orientation and motion.

Space adaptation syndrome
Space adaptation syndrome (SAS) or space sickness is a condition experienced by as many as half of all space travelers during their adaptation to weightlessness once in orbit. It is the opposite of terrestrial motion sickness since it occurs when the environment and the person appear visually to be in motion relative to one another even though there is no corresponding sensation of bodily movement originating from the vestibular system.
TTRAP
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) principally relays its effects through the Smad pathway however, accumulating evidence indicate that alternative signalling routes are also employed by this pleiotropic cytokine. For instance recently, we [?] have demonstrated that ligand-occupied TGF-β receptors can directly trigger the TRAF6-TAK1 signalling module, resulting in MAP kinase activation. Here we report identification of the adaptor molecule TTRAP as a novel component of this non-canonical TGF-β pathway. We show that the protein associates with TGF-β receptors and components of the TRAF6-TAK1 signaling module, resulting in differential regulation of TGF-β activated p38 and NF-κB responses. Modulation of cellular TTRAP level affects cell viability in the presence of TGF-β, suggesting that the protein is an important component of the TGF-β induced apoptotic process.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of  serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes.

MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Star 104.5
Star 104.5 (ACMA call sign 2GOS) is a commercial radio station broadcasting to the Central Coast region from Gosford, New South Wales, Australia. It is owned by Nova Entertainment. It is licensed to broadcast to a coverage area stretching from Brooklyn in the south, to Morisset in the north, however fortuitous coverage into most areas of Sydney, parts of the Blue Mountains and Newcastle is also possible due to the close proximity of both markets. Star 104.5's studios are located in Erina, while the stations transmitter facility is located in Somersby.

Club Veg
Club Veg (initially called The Morning After Show) was an Australian radio show created and presented by comedy duo, Vic Davies and Mal Lees (with writing contributions in the early years from Stephen Quinn). The show began on Triple J (1984–86), then moved to 2SM (1986–1988), and then the duo's first run on Triple M Sydney (1988–1994) saw them hosting nights and then breakfast, before leaving the station for Triple M Perth (1994–95). After a few years apart, the duo returned to Triple M Sydney again in 1998 and remained there until the show's cancellation in 2002.
Jessie M. King
Jessie Marion King (20 March 1875 – 3 August 1949) was a Scottish illustrator known for her illustrated children's books. She also designed bookplates, jewellery and fabric, and painted pottery. King was one of the artists known as the Glasgow Girls. She was described in 1927 in the Aberdeen Press and Journal as "the pioneer of batik in Great Britain".

The Press and Journal
The Press and Journal is a daily regional newspaper serving northern and Highland Scotland including the cities of Aberdeen and Inverness. Established in 1747, it is Scotland's oldest daily newspaper, and one of the longest-running newspapers in the world.
Www.memory
"www.memory" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Alan Jackson.  The song was released in October 2000 as the first single from his album When Somebody Loves You.  The song peaked number 6 for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts in early 2001.

When Somebody Loves You (album)
When Somebody Loves You is the ninth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on November 7, 2000, and produced the singles "Where I Come From", "www.memory", "When Somebody Loves You", and "It's Alright to Be a Redneck".
Orio Palmer
Orio Joseph Palmer (March 2, 1956 – September 11, 2001) was a Battalion Chief of the New York City Fire Department who died while rescuing civilians trapped inside the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Palmer led the team of firefighters that reached the 78th floor of the South Tower, the floor where the plane had struck the building.

According to the 9/11 Commission Report, audio and video recordings prominently featuring Orio Palmer have played an important role in the ongoing analysis of problems with radio communications during the September 11 attacks.

Communication during the September 11 attacks
Communication problems and successes played an important role during the September 11 attacks in 2001 and their aftermath. Systems were variously destroyed or overwhelmed by loads greater than they were designed to carry, or failed to operate as intended or desired.
Cophomantini
Cophomantini is a tribe of frogs in the subfamily Hylinae of the family Hylidae, the true treefrogs.

It contains the following genera:

Aplastodiscus Lutz, 1950 – canebrake treefrogs (16 species)

Boana Gray, 1825 – gladiator treefrogs (99 species)

Bokermannohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 (30 species)

Hyloscirtus Peters, 1882 (40 species)

Myersiohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 (6 species)

Nesorohyla Pinheiro, Kok, Noonan, Means, Haddad & Faivovich, 2018 (1 species)

"Hyla" nicefori (Barbour & Dunn, 1921)

Boana
Boana is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. They are commonly known as gladiator frogs, gladiator treefrogs or Wagler Neotropical treefrogs. These frogs are distributed in the tropical Central and South America from Nicaragua to Argentina, as well as in the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago and 1 species in Hispaniola).

This genus was resurrected following a major revision of Hylidae when some 70 species previously placed in the genus Hyla were moved to this genus. Since then, many new species have also been described.
Diego Aguirre (rugby union)
Diego Aguirre (born 23 September 1974 in Montevideo) is a former Uruguayan rugby player. He played as a fly half.

He played for Carrasco Polo Club, in Uruguay, and for US Tours, in France, in 2004/2005. He left competition in 2011/12.

Aguirre is one of the best players from his country, having his debut for Uruguay, on 7 March 1995, in a 9–28 loss to Canada. He had 74 caps for the "Teros", until 24 March 2007, at the 18–12 win over Portugal, being the most capped player of the national team. Aguirre has scored 11 tries, 17 conversions and 26 penalties, in an aggregate of 154 points.

He played at the Rugby World Cup finals, in 1999 and 2003. He was the top scorer for his country, in 1999, with one conversion and four penalties, 17 points in aggregate. He was also the captain in 2003, scoring two penalties and two conversions, this time, 10 points.

Carrasco Polo Club
Carrasco Polo Club is a Uruguayan sports club from the Carrasco neighbourhood of Montevideo. Its name references directly the polo team and the fact that Carrasco has one of Uruguay's leading equestrian centres. Apart from polo, the club hosts a large variety of sports, such as equitation, field hockey, football, rugby union and tennis.

The rugby union team currently competes in Campeonato Uruguayo, the first division of Uruguayan league system. Carrasco Polo is the most successful rugby club of Uruguay, with 28 championships won.

The club's main rival is Old Christians.
Cleome oxalidea
Cleome oxalidea is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae family and is found in Western Australia.

The annual or ephemeral herb has a rosetted habit and typically grows to a height of 5 to 30 centimetres (2.0 to 11.8 in). It blooms between January and September producing blue-pink-purple flowers.

It is found in the Kimberley, Pilbara, Goldfields-Esperance and Mid West regions of Western Australia growing in stony sandy-loam alluvium.

The species uses C4 photosynthesis. The C4 pathway in this species evolved independently from the two other C4 Cleome species, C. angustifolia and C. gynandra.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
2012 Western & Southern Open – Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–0, 7–6 (9–7) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2012 Cincinnati Masters. It was his record fifth Cincinnati Masters title, and the first time that a player won an ATP Tour Masters 1000 event without having his serve broken or losing a set. Federer would repeat this accomplishment at the 2015 event. It was Djokovic's fourth runner-up finish at the tournament.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jérémy Chardy.

Cincinnati Open
The Cincinnati Open is an annual professional tennis event held in Cincinnati, United States. It is played on outdoor hard courts at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, and is held in August. The event started on September 18, 1899, and is the oldest tennis tournament in the United States still played in (or near) its original city. It also is the third largest tennis event in the United States, after the US Open and the Indian Wells Open. It is one of the ATP Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour, and one of the WTA 1000 tournaments on the WTA Tour.
Guillaume Gouffier-Cha
Guillaume Gouffier-Cha (born 1 February 1986) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2024, representing the department of Val-de-Marne.

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
Majhergram
Majhergram  is a village located in Ranaghat II block in the  Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

This village continues to shine in memory through its enduring association with the accomplished Tantric sage Kumarnath Mukhopadhyay (Swami Brahmananda) and the poet Bholanath Bandyopadhyay, author of the elegiac poem 'Ashru'.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
Arthur O'Friel
Catholicism portal

Arthur O'Friel (or O’Frigil) (died circa 1573) was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman who attempted, but failed, to get possession of the archbishopric of Tuam in the 16th century.

A canon of Raphoe, he was appointed Archbishop of Tuam by the Holy See on 7 October 1538, but failed to get possession of the see from Christopher Bodkin, who the latter had accepted Royal Supremacy in 1537. It is not known if O'Friel was ever consecrated, and resigned when Bodkin was absolved from schism in 1555. After Bodkin's death in 1572, O'Friel made no effort to get possession of the see. He died circa 1573.

Raphoe
Raphoe (/rəˈfoʊ/ rə-FOH; Irish: Ráth Bhoth) is a small town in County Donegal in the north-west of Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. It is the main town in the fertile district of East Donegal known as the Laggan. It gave its name to the Barony of Raphoe, which was later divided into the baronies of Raphoe North and Raphoe South, as well as to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raphoe and the Church of Ireland (Anglican) Diocese of Derry and Raphoe. There is also a civil parish of Raphoe.

The Burn Dale (also known in English as the Burn Deele) is a burn (a small river) that flows a short distance to the south of Raphoe. The Burn Dale eventually flows, via the village of Ballindrait, into the River Foyle just north of Lifford.
Ó Dálaigh
The Ó Dálaigh (Irish pronunciation: [oː ˈd̪ˠaːlˠiː]) were a learned Irish bardic family who first came to prominence early in the 12th century, when Cú Connacht Ó Dálaigh was described as "The first Ollamh of poetry in all Ireland" (ollamh is the title given to university professors in Modern Irish).

The modern Irish surnames O'Daly, Daly, Daley, Dayley, Dalley, Daily, Dailey and Dawley are derived from Ó Dálaigh.

Irish bardic poetry
Bardic poetry is the writings produced by a class of poets trained in the bardic schools of Ireland and the Gaelic parts of Scotland, as they existed down to about the middle of the 17th century or, in Scotland, the early 18th century. Most of the texts preserved are in Middle Irish or in early Modern Irish, however, even though the manuscripts were very plentiful, very few have been published. It is considered a period of great literary stability due to the formalised literary language that changed very little.
Miles Smith
Miles Smith is the name of:

Miles Smith (bishop) (1554–1624), English theologian, Bishop of Gloucester

Miles Smith (sprinter) (born 1984), American sprinter

Miles Staniforth Cater Smith (1869–1934), Australian politician and colonial administrator

See also

Miles Smith Farm, beef farm in Loudon, New Hampshire

Myles Smith, British singer

Staniforth Smith
Miles Staniforth Cater Smith, MBE (25 February 1869 – 14 January 1934) was an Australian politician, public servant and explorer. He served as a Senator for Western Australia from 1901 to 1906 and was later a senior public servant in the Territory of Papua and the Northern Territory of Australia.
Natural Bridge (album)
Natural Bridge is an album by American banjoist Béla Fleck, released in 1982. Bela Fleck was a young bluegrass musician whose work with such bands as Spectrum and the New Grass Revival pushed the envelope of bluegrass tradition and contributed to the development of the New Acoustic movement spearheaded by mandolinist David Grisman, guitarist Tony Rice, and others. Influenced by Bill Keith and Tony Trischka, he moved the banjo sound much further than anyone could imagine.

Béla Fleck
Béla Anton Leoš Fleck (/ˈbɛɪlə/ BAY-lə; born July 10, 1958) is an American virtuoso banjo player whose work blends bluegrass with other genres, including jazz, and who is known for his work with the bands New Grass Revival and Béla Fleck and the Flecktones. Fleck has won 17 Grammy Awards and been nominated 39 times.

In 2020, he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame as a member of New Grass Revival.