hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Shamkor
Battle of Shamkor (Georgian: შამქორის ბრძოლა) was fought on June 1, 1195 near the city of Shamkor, Arran. The battle was a major victory won by the Georgian army, commanded by David Soslan, over the army of the Eldiguzid ruler of Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr.

The battle was fought as part of several conflicts between the "Atabegs of Azerbaijan", also known as the Eldiguzids after its ruling dynasty, and Kingdom of Georgia. The consolidation of Eldiguzid power, in the 1130s, coincided with a resurgence of military expansionism by the Georgian kings, whose territories intersected with Muslim Shirvan and Arran.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Australia at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
At the 2001 World Championships Philippe Rizzo became the first Australian gymnast to win a medal, winning a silver on horizontal bar.  Five years later he became the first Australian to win a gold medal.  Australian women won their first medal as a team in 2003.  In 2005 Monette Russo became the first Australian woman to win an individual medal, earning bronze in the all-around.  At the 2010 World Championships Lauren Mitchell became the first Australian woman to win a gold medal.

2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in the Netherlands from 16 to 24 October 2010. In this year's championships, there was a total of 73 participating federations with 615 gymnasts (343 men and 272 women). 53 men's and 44 women's teams competed.
Recklessness (psychology)
Recklessness (also called unchariness) is disregard for or indifference to the dangers of a situation or for the consequences of one's actions, as in deciding to act without stopping to think beforehand. Aristotle considered such rashness as one end (excessive) of a continuum, with courage as the mean and cowardice as the deficit vice. Recklessness has been linked to antisocial personality disorder.

Cowardice
Cowardice is a characteristic wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. It is the opposite of courage. As a label, "cowardice"  indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge. One who succumbs to cowardice is known as a coward.

As the opposite of bravery, which many historical and current human societies reward, cowardice is seen as a character flaw that is detrimental to society and thus the failure to face one's fear is often stigmatized or punished.
Leeser
Leeser is a Yiddish surname derived from the Hebrew name Eliezer. People with the name include:

Isaac Leeser (1806–1868), American Jewish leader

Julian Leeser (born 1976), Australian politician

Oscar Leeser (born 1958), American politician, Mayor of El Paso

Rolf Leeser (1929–2018), German-born footballer and fashion designer

Thomas Leeser (born 1952), American architect

Maurice Leeser (born 1969), Dutch Sport Director

Oscar Leeser
Oscar Leeser (born May 7, 1958) is an American politician who served as the 52nd mayor of El Paso, Texas from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 50th mayor from 2013 to 2017.
Snell knot
The snell knot is a hitch knot used in angling  to attach a fishing line to the shank (instead of the eye) of a fishing hook. The line may still pass through the eye of the hook, but primarily fastens to the shaft.  Hooks tied with a snell knot provide an even, straight-line pull to the fish.  It is a very secure knot, but because it is easily tied using only the near end as the working end, it is used to attach a hook only to a leader, rather than directly to the main line.

Hooks can be bought pre-snelled.

A snell knot egg hooker is used to hold a cluster of eggs or equivalent bait.

Hitch (knot)
A hitch is a type of knot used to secure a rope to an object or another rope. Hitches are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types of hitch knots include the clove hitch, the timber hitch, and the round turn and two half-hitches.
Home and Away: Weddings
Home and Away: Weddings is an exclusive-to-DVD special of Australia's most popular soap Home and Away.  It was released on 1 March 2006 and is a continuation to its previous DVD Home and Away: Romances, which is in a similar style.  It takes a lookback at all the classic Home and Away weddings from it 18 years from between 1988 and 2006 and it is hosted by Home and Away star Kate Ritchie and contains every Summer Bay wedding in a movie length presentation.  Also included is 2 full episodes from Leah and Vinnie's wedding.

Summer Bay
Summer Bay is the fictional coastal town featured in the Australian soap opera, Home and Away, located in rural coastal New South Wales. Palm Beach, the northernmost beach in Sydney, is used for the show's exterior scenes to depict the Bay. Between 2010 and 2014, the Lane Cove River Tourist Park in Macquarie Park was used as the location for filming of scenes involving the Summer Bay Caravan Park.
Chandla Assembly constituency
Chandla Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh state, but it was abolished in 1956. It came into existence again in 1976. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes since 2008, following delimitation of the legislative assembly constituencies.

Vindhya Pradesh
Vindhya Pradesh was a former state of India. It was created in 1948 as Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States from the territories of the princely states in the eastern portion of the former Central India Agency. It was named as Vindhya Pradesh on 25 January 1950 after the Vindhya Range, which runs through the centre of the province. The capital of the state was the former princely state of Rewa. It lay between Uttar Pradesh to the north and Madhya Pradesh to the south, and the enclave of Datia, which lay a short distance to the west, was surrounded by the state of Madhya Bharat.

Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956, following the States Reorganisation Act.

It occupied an area of 61,131.5 km2 (23,603 sq. miles).
Manawaru
Manawaru or Manawarū is a rural community in the Matamata-Piako District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.

It is located south-east of Te Aroha and north-east of Ngarua, and includes part of the Waihou River and some of the foothills of the Kaimai Ranges.

It features a bible chapel, a school, a Playcentre for early childhood education, and a community hall that can accommodate up to 200 people.

Playcentre Aotearoa
Playcentre Aotearoa is an early childhood education and parent cooperative organisation which operates parent-led early childhood education centres throughout New Zealand. While the concept originated in New Zealand, it is now also established in Japan.

Their mission is stated as "Whānau Tupu Ngātahi - Families growing together."
IFRS 9
IFRS 9 is an International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).  It addresses the accounting for financial instruments.  It contains three main topics: classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting.  The standard came into force on 1 January 2018, replacing the earlier IFRS for financial instruments, IAS 39.

International Accounting Standards Board
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is the independent accounting standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation.
The IASB was founded on April 1, 2001, as the successor to the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).  It is responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and for promoting their use and application.
Prem Anand
Prem Anand (Odia: ପ୍ରେମ ଆନନ୍ଦ) is an Indian music director and composer. He usually works in Odia film and television industry. In 2006, he started his career as a music director through the Odia movie Tu Eka Ama Saha Bharasa and worked as a music director in more than 60 Odia films. Apart from Odia films, he composed music for Odia daily shops, Bhajans and Jatra songs. In 2009, Anand worked as a music director for the Hindi film Dekha Bhai Dekh in 2019, he composed music for Bollywood film Luv U Turn. Apart from Odia and Hindi films, he composed music for Marathi and Bengali films. He composed the 2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup anthem.

2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
The 2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup was the 15th edition of the Men's FIH Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national field hockey teams organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held at the Kalinga Hockey Stadium in Bhubaneswar and at the 20,000 seat Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium in Rourkela, India from 13 to 29 January 2023.

Germany won their third title after defeating the defending champions Belgium in the final 5–4 in a shoot-out after the match finished 3–3 in regular time. The Netherlands captured the bronze medal by winning 3–1 against Australia.
1909 Rose Polytechnic football team
The 1909 Rose Polytechnic football team represented Rose Polytechnic Institute—now known as Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology—as an independent during the 1909 college football season.  Led by second-year head coach Heze Clark, Rose Poly compiled a 4–4 record, and played a tough schedule that included Vanderbilt, Notre Dame, Kentucky State College, and Purdue. Against Notre Dame, Rose Poly was crushed 60 to 11, but managed to score the first touchdown against the Fighting Irish in two years.

1909 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1909 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1909 college football season. In their second season under head coach Frederick A. Speik, the Boilermakers compiled a 2–5 record, finished in last place in the Western Conference with an 0–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 147 to 72. F. W. Eggeman was the team captain.
Dudo of Saint-Quentin
Dudo, or Dudon, was a Picard historian, and dean of Saint-Quentin, where he was born in the 960s. He was an erudite scholar and he likely acquired his education in Liège or perhaps Laon. By 987, Dudo had become a canon at St Quentin, the abbacy of which was held by the counts of Vermandois. In that year he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Richard I of Normandy by Albert I, Count of Vermandois, which was successful. Dudo became a frequent visitor to the Norman court in the two years prior to Richard's death in 996. In a letter to Adalbero, Bishop of Laon, Dudo said that, as a result, Richard asked him to write a work recording "the customs and deeds of the Norman Land, the rights established within the kingdom of his grandfather Rollo". During a second stay in Normandy, Dudo wrote his history of the Normans, a task which Duke Richard had urged him to undertake. Very little else is known about his life, except that he died before 1043.

Territorial abbey
A territorial abbey (or territorial abbacy) is a particular church of the Catholic Church comprising defined territory which is not part of a diocese but surrounds an abbey or monastery whose  abbot or superior functions as ordinary for all Catholics and parishes in the territory. Such an abbot is called a territorial abbot or abbot nullius diœceseos (abbreviated abbot nullius and Latin for "abbot of no diocese"). A territorial abbot thus differs from an ordinary abbot, who exercises authority only within the monastery's walls or to monks or canons who have taken their vows there. A territorial abbot is equivalent to a diocesan bishop in Catholic canon law.

While most belong to the Latin Church, and usually to the Benedictine or Cistercian Orders, there is one Eastern Catholic territorial abbey: the Italo-Albanian Greek Catholic Abbey of Grottaferrata. The closest equivalent in the Eastern Orthodox Church would be a stauropegion (e.g. most famously, Mount Athos).
Spray-on clothing
Spray-on clothing is a form of clothing, that is applied by spraying polymer over the body in such a manner that it appears as clothing. It is a polymer mix that dries relatively quickly.

On September 15, 2010, Ian Sample, The Guardian's Science correspondent reported on a press conference where Dr Manuel Torres showed a spray-on clothing product named Fabrican.  Covering the same announcement Prita Ganapati, writing for Wired magazine referred to the result as "spray-on fabric". The Guardian referred to both "spray-on bandages" and "spray-on fabric".  Scientific American referred to both "spray-on clothing" and "spray-on clothes". Torres described the fabric as similar to felt.

Fabrican
Fabrican is an instant spray-on fabric technology. The spray-on material is made from polymers and natural or synthetic fibers. The spray is delivered from a compressed air spray gun or aerosol can and dries upon contact with the air, creating a non-woven fabric that can be applied to many surfaces (including water). The material is sterile when it is dispensed from the spray gun or aerosol can.
Renjith Menon
Renjith Menon (born 2 May 1977, Ernakulam, Kerala) is an Indian first-class cricketer. He is a right handed lower order batsman and right arm fast medium bowler. He represents Kerala in the Ranji Trophy. He represented Kerala in a total of nine first class and eight list a matches.

Ernakulam
Ernakulam (Malayalam: [erɐɳɐːkuɭɐm] ⓘ) is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India , Asia. It is the namesake of Ernakulam district. The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is called as Wernakulam. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation and the Cochin Shipyard are situated in Ernakulam. It is also the most urbanized area in the city of Kochi. The Southern Naval Command (SNC) is in Kochi, Ernakulam district, Kerala. Established in 1958, it is the largest naval command of the Indian Navy, focusing on training and maritime security operations in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean.
Manlove
Manlove is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Manlove (born 1933), former American football coach, president of the American Football Coaches Association

Charlie Manlove (1862–1952), 19th-century American Major League Baseball player born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colin Manlove (1942–2020), British literary critic with a particular interest in fantasy

Dudley Manlove (1914–1996), American radio announcer and actor

Eugene Manlove Rhodes (1869–1934), American writer who was nicknamed the "cowboy chronicler"

Joe J. Manlove (1876–1956), U.S. Representative from Missouri

Timothy Manlove (1663–1699), English Presbyterian minister and physician

Wroth H. Manlove (died 1985), American politician and judge

Bill Manlove
William B. Manlove Jr. (born February 5, 1933) is an American former football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Widener University from 1969 to 1991, at Delaware Valley College from 1992 to 1995, and at La Salle University from 1997 to 2001, compiling a career college football coaching record of 212–111–1.  Manlove led Widener to two NCAA Division III Football Championships, in 1977 and 1981.  He served as president of the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) in 1991.  He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011.
Hail Social
Hail Social was a rock band from Philadelphia.

The band released several self-made EPs at their concerts, sometimes referred to by color. In April, 2005, Dine Alone Productions pressed Hail Social's first 7-inch, a limited edition single release. Their debut self-titled album was released by Polyvinyl Records in August, 2005, and their Warning Sign 7-inch came out in March, 2006, also on Polyvinyl.  Their second album titled Modern Love & Death was self-released on March 20, 2007.

The band toured with Interpol and The Secret Machines in the Fall of 2004. They then toured the UK with The Ordinary Boys in the Autumn of 2005.

As of June 18, 2009, the band stated that they were "no longer an active band and has not been for years now." Founder Dayve Hawk now records original electronic music and remixes as Memory Tapes.

Autumn
Autumn, also known as fall in North American English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, beginning in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daytime becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the winter solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour of the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed.
Davide Gaiotto
Davide Silvano Achille Gaiotto (born 11 March 1977) is an Italian mathematical physicist who deals with quantum field theories and string theory. He received the Gribov Medal by the European Physical Society in 2011 and the New Horizons in Physics Prize in 2013.

European Physical Society
The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach, supporting physicists to engage in the design and implementation of European science policy, and advocating physics research. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical societies of 42 countries, and some 3200 individual members. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the world's largest and oldest organisation of physicists, is a major member.
Route 3 (Laos)
Route 3  is an important link in the north of Laos between China and Thailand. The 197 km route begins in the provincial capital Luang Namtha, Louang Namtha Province, Laos, which is connected to Mohan, China and the Chinese G8511 expressway by Laos Route 13.

It runs southwestwards reaching the provincial capital of Ban Houayxay, Bokeo Province, on river Mekong, where it crosses the Fourth Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge. China is interested in improving traffic routes to Southeast Asia, to be jointly financed with Thailand. China has the main share in the expansion of highways in Laos. The Laotian section is part of the Kunming–Bangkok Expressway, which is part of the Asian Highway AH3.

Luang Namtha
Luang Namtha (Luang Nam Tha) (Lao: ມ. ຫລວງນໍ້າທາ; Chinese: 琅南塔) is a district and the capital of Luang Namtha Province in northern Laos. The city lies on the Tha River (Nam Tha). The Luang Namtha Museum is in the town.
Donnelly River (Western Australia)
The Donnelly River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia. Its main tributaries are Barlee Brook and Carey Brook. The river runs primarily through state forest reserves, although 25 private landholdings are situated along the length of the river. Clearing of the catchment area is estimated at 20% with the land mostly being used for viticulture, horticulture, dairy, grazing and tourism.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Nottingham Brewery
Nottingham Brewery, is a microbrewery located in Nottingham, England. The name Nottingham Brewery refers to two different breweries in the Nottingham area. The first was established in 1847 and situated on Mansfield Road, next door to The Rose of England public house. The Brewery was demolished to make for York House, which itself was demolished in 2016. The current brewery was established in 2001 in Radford.

Mild ale
Mild ale is a type of ale. Modern milds are mostly dark-coloured, with an alcohol by volume (ABV) of 3% to 3.6%, although there are lighter-hued as well as stronger milds, reaching 6% abv and higher. Mild originated in Britain in the 17th century or earlier, and originally meant a young ale, as opposed to a "stale" aged or old ale.

Mild experienced a sharp decline in popularity in the 1960s, and was in danger of completely disappearing, but the increase of microbreweries has led to a modest renaissance and an increasing number of milds (sometimes labelled "dark") being brewed.

In 2016, the Campaign for Real Ale designated May as Mild Month. In the United States, a group of beer bloggers organised the first American Mild Month for May 2015, with forty-five participating breweries across the country.
Franjo Ledić
Franjo Ledić (Croatian pronunciation: [fɾa:ɲo le:ditɕ]; 12 March 1892 – 26 September 1981) was a Yugoslav expressionist film director, producer and screenwriter from Derventa, one of the first notable Croatian film authors and self-proclaimed "first Yugoslav film director". He is best known for founding "Ocean-film" (later known as Jadran film), the first film studio in Croatia, and attempting to build the "Yugoslav Hollywood" in Zagreb in the 1920s. He published the first Croatian book and journal about film.

Ledić also received attention as a Croatian mythologist, authoring a total of three popular self-published works on Slavic paganism. These works were later highly criticized by Croatian ethnologists, who judged Ledić's reconstructions of the 'Croatian pantheon' to be "romanticized", "uncritical" and "arbitrary", pointing also to a lack of verifiable sources in his works.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).