hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver County Employees Retirement Fund
Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver County Employees Retirement Fund, 583 U.S. ___ (2018), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 did not strip state courts of jurisdiction to adjudicate class actions alleging only 1933 Securities Act violations; nor did it authorize removing such suits from state to federal court.

The suit was initially filed by a group of public entities, including Beaver County against Cyan Inc alleging losses on securities attributable to shortcoming in disclosures by Cyan.

The Second Circuit (which includes New York) put 1933 Act cases in federal court, while the Ninth Circuit (which includes California) allowed '33 Act cases in state court. This circuit split was decided in favor of the Ninth Circuit's interpretation.

Cyan Worlds
Cyan, Inc., doing business as Cyan Worlds, is an American video game developer and publisher based in Mead, Washington. Founded by brothers Rand and Robyn Miller in 1987, the company created the Myst series.

Myst became the best-selling PC game ever made when it was released in 1993, and remained so for several years afterwards. It spawned several sequels, including Riven and the massively multiplayer online adventure Myst Online: Uru Live. Before Myst, the company created children's games such as The Manhole. In 2016, they released the Kickstarter-funded game Obduction and in 2023, they released Firmament, also funded with Kickstarter.

As of 2024, Cyan is the oldest surviving independent game studio in the United States.
Conocephalus dorsalis
Conocephalus dorsalis, the short-winged conehead, is a bush cricket species belonging to the family Tettigoniidae, subfamily Conocephalinae. It is a hygrophilous species, and is therefore common in wet meadows and slow-flowing streams with floating plants,  lowland peatlands, reed beds. It is found throughout Europe and it is common in northern Germany, Britain and southern Scandinavia.

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
Spence McTavish
Spence McTavish (born 25 August 1948) is a Canadian rugby union player. He played in 22 matches for the Canada national rugby union team from 1970 to 1987, including two matches at the 1987 Rugby World Cup. He was nicknamed "Spike".

In 1992, he became the assistant coach of the UBC Old Boys Ravens, for which he previously played, replacing Barry Leigh.In 1997, he became the director of rugby of his former club, a position he held until 2014.

He also played for Canada sevens between 1980 (in which he was player-coach) and 1986. He later coached Canada sevens between 1995 and 1997.

Canada national rugby sevens team
The Canada men’s national rugby sevens team competes at several international tournaments — the Rugby World Cup Sevens, Pan American Games and the Commonwealth Games.  Following a loss in the Qualifier Playoffs in the Grand Finel, Canada were relegated from the World Rugby Sevens Series.  They have qualified for the World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series.
Lady Sophia Dunbar
Sophia Orred (1814 – 2 June 1909), known after her marriage as Lady Dunbar of Northfield, was an artist and antiquarian based in the historic county of Moray, Scotland. She exhibited watercolour landscapes at the Royal Scottish Academy, the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and the Royal Academy in London and produced archaeological illustrations of nineteenth-century discoveries in northern Scotland. In 1874, she was elected a Lady Associate of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Cynthia Block
Cynthia Marie Block is a Canadian politician and the current mayor of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Block was elected in the 2024 Saskatchewan municipal elections and is the city's 29th mayor. Block is the first woman to be elected mayor of Saskatoon.

Saskatoon City Council
Saskatoon City Council is the governing body of Saskatoon, the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It consists of ten councillors representing ten wards throughout the city and the mayor of Saskatoon, who is elected city-wide. The current council was elected to a four-year term on November 13, 2024.
Enrico Credendino
Enrico Credendino (born 21 January 1963) is an officer of the Italian Navy. He was appointed Chief of the Italian Navy in November 2021.

He joined the Navy in 1980 and attended the Italian Naval Academy.

He commanded the patrol vessel Spica, the Maestrale-class frigate Maestrale and the  Durand de la Penne-class missile destroyer Francesco Mimbelli.

Upon promotion to rear admiral (lower half) on 1 July 2011 he was appointed Deputy Commander of front Line Naval Forces and Deputy Commander of Amphibious Force and Commander of the Italian Naval Task Group.

From September 2013 he was Head of Plans and Policy Department at the Italian Navy General Staff. He was promoted to rear admiral on 1 July 2014.
On 18 May 2015 he was appointed as Operation Commander for European Union Naval Force Mediterranean. He served as Commander Schools Command from March 2020 to July 2021. He served as Commander in Chief Naval Fleet from July to November 2021.

Maestrale-class frigate
The Maestrale class was a class of frigates of the Italian Navy. The class is composed of eight vessels, all of which were built by Fincantieri S.p.A., Riva Trigoso, except for Grecale, which was built by Fincantieri S.p.A. – Muggiano, La Spezia.

The Maestrale-class frigates were primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), however the ships are highly flexible so they are also capable of anti-air and anti-surface operations. Ships of this class have been widely used in various international missions, either under NATO or UN flag, and during normal operations of the Italian Navy.

The first of these ships entered in service in early 1982. The rest of the fleet was launched over the next three years. The ships of the Maestrale class will be replaced by the Bergamini class.
William Arthur Smeaton
William Arthur Smeaton (October 24, 1924, Broughty Ferry – January 22, 2001, Cambridge) was a British chemist and historian of science, who wrote more than seventy-five articles and several books on the history of chemistry in France in the 18th and 19th centuries.

He was deeply engaged with the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry which he chaired from 1986 to 1993. He was the 2001 recipient of the Dexter Award, given to historians of science by the American Chemical Society.

History of chemistry
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass,
and making alloys like bronze.

The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.
Raymond Pruitt
Raymond Donald Pruitt (February 6, 1912 - January 14, 1993) was an American physician specializing in cardiology who was the founding dean of the Mayo Medical School. An alumnus of Baker University, he received his medical degree from the University of Kansas and was also a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford.

Baker University
Baker University is a private university in Baldwin City, Kansas, United States. Founded in 1858, it was the first four-year university in Kansas and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Baker University is made up of four schools. The College of Arts and Sciences and the undergraduate courses in the School of Education (SOE) are located on the campus in Baldwin City. The School of Professional and Graduate Studies (SPGS) and the graduate branch of the SOE serve nontraditional students on campuses in Overland Park, Kansas, and online. The School of Nursing, which is operated in partnership with Stormont Vail Health in Topeka, offers a Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) and an online Master of Science in nursing (MSN). Enrollment in all four schools has grown to a student population of more than 3,000, with about 900 students on the Baldwin City campus.
Miriam Kearney
Miriam Kearney (born 20 July 1959) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Senator from 1981 to 1982, after being nominated by the Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.

She held the record as the youngest member of Seanad Éireann, being 22 years old on appointment.

A graduate of University College Cork, Kearney was at the time a member of Young Fine Gael and chairperson of its International Affairs Committee.

In 1981, she supported the abolition of jury trials in accident compensation cases. She also voted for the abolition of the death penalty.

She was in charge of the Taoiseach's itinerary and managed his campaign tour during the February 1982 election.

She stood for the Industrial and Commercial Panel at the February 1982 Seanad election but was not elected. She later became Assistant General Secretary of Fine Gael.

February 1982 Irish general election
The February 1982 Irish general election to the 23rd Dáil was held on Thursday, 18 February, three weeks after the dissolution of the 22nd Dáil on 27 January by President Patrick Hillery on the request of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald on the defeat of the government's budget. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 23rd Dáil met at Leinster House on 9 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Charles Haughey was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 18th government of Ireland, a minority single-party Fianna Fáil government.
Igangan
Igangan is a town in Ibarapa North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Its neighbouring towns are Ayete and Tapa.

On June 5 2021, this town came into prominence for attacks by unknown assailants, which according to Premium Times Nigeria, claimed the lives of 26people.

These killings attracted the condemnation of key leaders of the South West region in Nigeria including Governor Rotimi Akeredolu of Ondo State as well as Oduduwa Republic agitator, Sunday Igboho.

The zip code for Igangan is 201007.

Premium Times
Premium Times is a Nigerian online newspaper based in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria. The newspaper was launched in 2011. The online medium is notable for investigative journalism and reports, among other fields.
I'm Doin' Me
"I'm Doin' Me" is a song performed by the American singer Fantasia from her third album, Back to Me (2010). The song was released by J Records on September 28, 2010, serving as the second single from the album.

J Records
J Records was an American record label owned and operated by Bertelsmann Music Group until it was transferred to Sony Music Entertainment when they acquired all of BMG's record labels in late 2008 at the end of their merger. It was distributed through the RCA Music Group. The label was founded in 2000 by Clive Davis and was dissolved into RCA Records in 2011.
Claoxylon indicum
Claoxylon indicum is a plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae native to south and southeast Asia. The Latin word indicum means "Indian", referring to the locality of collection of the type specimen, which was probably Java, part of the Dutch East Indies at that time.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Things That Lovers Do
Things That Lovers Do is the debut collaborative studio album by American singers and real-life couple Kenny Lattimore and Chanté Moore. It was released by Arista Records on February 11, 2003 in the United States. The album includes covers of classic 1970's and 1980's soul duets by singers Karyn White and Babyface, Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, and more. The then-couple worked with producers Jamey Jaz, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, James Poyser, and Daryl Simmons on much of the project.

The album received mixed reviews, with some praising its sensual R&B style and vocal chemistry, while others found the performances technically solid but emotionally lacking. Commercially, Things That Lovers Do became the highest-charting album for both singers, reaching number 31 on the US Billboard 200 and number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album spawned two singles, including original track "Loveable (From Your Head to Your Toes)" and the René & Angela cover "You Don't Have to Cry."

James Poyser
James Jason Poyser (b. January 30, 1967) is an American record producer, multi-instrumentalist, and songwriter from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has been a member of the hip hop band The Roots since 2009, and plays with The Roots in the house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and formerly, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.
Georgios Tryfonidis
Georgios Tryfonidis (Greek: Γεώργιος Τρυφωνίδης; 30 April 1945 – 26 June 2025) was a Greek politician. A member of New Democracy, he served in the Hellenic Parliament from 1993 to 2004 and again from 2007 to 2009.

Tryfonidis died in Athens on 26 June 2025, at the age of 80. He was buried at the First Cemetery of Athens on Monday the 30th of June 2025.

2009 Greek parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 4 October 2009. Elections were not required until September 2011, but on 2 September 2009 Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis of New Democracy announced that he would request President Karolos Papoulias dissolve Parliament and call elections. Parliament was dissolved on 9 September.

The result was a victory for the opposition PASOK party led by George Papandreou, who became the new prime minister. New Democracy lost 61 of its 152 seats, with its vote share dropping by over 8 percentage points.

Voting was mandatory; however there are no sanctions or penalties for not voting.
Miss Grand Singapore 2024
Miss Grand Singapore 2024 was the second edition of the Miss Grand Singapore pageant, held on 4 August 2024, at the Black Studio, Stamford Arts Centre Singapore. Fifteen candidates who qualified for the national finals through the virtual screening competed for the title. Of whom, a 22-year-old assistant manager, Anisah Rahmat, was named the winner. Anisah will represent Singapore at the international parent stage of Miss Grand International 2024, to be held in Thailand on 25 October 2024.

Miss Grand Singapore
Miss Grand Singapore is a national title bestowed upon a woman chosen to represent Singapore at Miss Grand International, an annual international beauty pageant promoting peace and opposing all forms of conflict. It was first introduced in 2013, when the first runner-up Miss Singapore World 2013, Elizabeth Houghton, was appointed to join the Miss Grand International 2013 contest in Thailand. After that, the license was transferred to different organizers, until an organizer led by Adeline Hokulani, AO Venture Pte Ltd, obtained the franchise in 2023.

Since the first debutants in 2013, Singapore's representatives have never secured any placements at the Miss Grand International pageant.
Windlesham House School
Windlesham House School is an independent boarding and day school for boys and girls aged 4 to 13 on the South Downs, in Pulborough, West Sussex, England. It was founded in 1837 by Charles Robert Malden and was the first boys' preparatory school in the United Kingdom. In 1967 it became the first IAPS co-educational school. The school moved to its current location in 1934. It caters for over 300 pupils. Children aged 4 to 7 are taught in the pre-prep.

From 2011 onward, the school has been inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate, who awarded it 'excellent' in its 2017 report. The school received an 'outstanding' award in its Ofsted inspection in 2010.

Independent Association of Prep Schools
The Independent Association of Prep Schools (IAPS, formerly Independent Association of Preparatory Schools) is a schools association, representing more than 660 preparatory schools.

The majority of IAPS' schools are in the UK, with other locations including Africa, the Middle East, Singapore, and Hong Kong.

IAPS is part of the Independent Schools Council.
Tramlines Festival
The Tramlines Festival is an annual music festival held in Sheffield, UK. The festival was originally free to attend, but now requires tickets. The line-up consists of national and local artists. The festival was curated and organised by a panel comprising local venue owners, promoters and volunteers. The name of the festival is inspired by the city's tram network. Tramlines held its first festival in 2009, which attracted 35,000 fans and was seen as a huge success, and 2010's event doubled that figure. The success of Tramlines Festival 2011 led to the event winning 'Best Metropolitan Festival' at the UK Festival Awards. Superstruct Entertainment, the live entertainment platform backed by Providence Equity Partners, owns the festival after it entered definitive agreement for the acquisition of several live music and entertainment festivals from Global Media & Entertainment and Broadwick Live.

Global Media & Entertainment
Global Media & Entertainment Limited, trading as Global, is a British media company formed in 2007. It is the owner of the largest commercial radio company in Europe having expanded through a number of historical acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, and GMG Radio. Global owns and operates seven core radio brands, all employing a national network strategy, including Capital, Heart, Smooth, Radio X, Gold, Classic FM, and LBC.

Global is also one of the leading out-of-home advertising (OOH) companies in the UK.
Istres
Istres (French pronunciation: [istʁ]; Occitan: Istre) is a commune in southern France, some 60 km (38 mi) northwest of Marseille. It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
The Lady from the Sea (1929 film)
The Lady from the Sea is a 1929 sound part-talkie British romance film directed by Castleton Knight and starring Ray Milland, Mona Goya, and Moore Marriott. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles.

The film was also known as Goodwin Sands. The film was shot at Elstree Studios and originally released by Paramount British. The film's sets were designed by the art director J. Elder Wills.

Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)
Elstree Studios on Shenley Road, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire is a British film and television production centre operated by Elstree Film Studios Limited. One of several facilities historically referred to as Elstree Studios, the Shenley Road studios originally opened in 1926.

The studio complex has passed through many owners during its lifetime, and is now owned by Hertsmere Borough Council. Known as the studios used for filming Alfred Hitchcock's Blackmail (1929)—the first British talkie, Star Wars (1977),  The Shining (1980) and Indiana Jones, its largest stage is known as the George Lucas Soundstage 2 (15,770 sq ft), with the studios used both for film and television productions.

With the BBC Elstree Centre nearby, a number of the stages are leased to BBC Studioworks, and are used for recording television productions such as Strictly Come Dancing.
Notobrachyops
Notobrachyops is a genus of brachyopid temnospondyl amphibian. It is known from a skull roof impression found in the Ashfield Shale (Late Triassic) of Mortdale, New South Wales, Australia. The Ashfield Shale has also yielded a shark species, a lungfish species, six species of paleoniscid fish, a species of holostean fish, a subholostean fish, and the labyrinthodont amphibian Paracyclotosaurus davidi.

Palaeoniscidae
Palaeoniscidae is an extinct family of "palaeoniscoid" ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). The family includes the genus Palaeoniscum and potentially other Palaeozoic and Mesozoic early actinopterygian genera. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words παλαιός (palaiós, ancient) and ὀνίσκος (oniskos,  'cod-fish' or woodlouse).
Reading Center, New York
Reading Center is a section of Reading, New York, a town in Schuyler County, New York, United States. The community is located along New York State Route 14A, 4.6 miles (7.4 km) northwest of Watkins Glen. Reading Center has a post office with ZIP code 14876, which opened on February 19, 1844.

Schuyler County, New York
Schuyler County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,898, making it the second-least populous county in New York. The county seat is the village of Watkins Glen. The name is in honor of General Philip Schuyler, one of the four major generals in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.