hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Point estimation
In statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value (known as a point estimate since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameter (for example, the population mean). More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate.

Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference. More generally, a point estimator can be contrasted with a set estimator. Examples are given by confidence sets or credible sets. A point estimator can also be contrasted with a distribution estimator. Examples are given by confidence distributions, randomized estimators, and Bayesian posteriors.

Randomised decision rule
In statistical decision theory, a randomised decision rule or mixed decision rule is a decision rule that associates probabilities with deterministic decision rules. In finite decision problems, randomised decision rules define a risk set which is the convex hull of the risk points of the nonrandomised decision rules.

As nonrandomised alternatives always exist to randomised Bayes rules, randomisation is not needed in Bayesian statistics, although frequentist statistical theory sometimes requires the use of randomised rules to satisfy optimality conditions such as minimax, most notably when deriving confidence intervals and hypothesis tests about discrete probability distributions.

A statistical test making use of a randomized decision rule is called a randomized test.
Bruce High Quality Foundation
The Bruce High Quality Foundation is an  arts collective in Brooklyn, New York City, the United States, which was "created to foster an alternative to everything." The collective is made up of five to eight rotating and anonymous members, most or all of whom are Cooper Union graduates. The group has attracted attention with the subversive, humorous and erudite style of their work and operates an unaccredited art school, the Bruce High Quality Foundation University.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Plat
In the United States, a plat (/plæt/ or /plɑːt/) (plan) is a cadastral map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. United States General Land Office surveyors drafted township plats of Public Lands Surveys to show the distance and bearing between section corners, sometimes including topographic or vegetation information. City, town or village plats show subdivisions broken into blocks with streets and alleys. Further refinement often splits blocks into individual lots, usually for the purpose of selling the described lots; this has become known as subdivision.

After the filing of a plat, legal descriptions can refer to block and lot-numbers rather than portions of sections. In order for plats to become legally valid, a local governing body, such as a public works department, urban planning commission, zoning board, or another organ of the state must normally review and approve them.

Land description
In surveying and property law, a land description or legal description is a written statement that delineates the boundaries of a piece of real property. In the written transfer of real property, it is universally required that the instrument of conveyance (deed) include a written description of the property.
Chintala Ramachandra Reddy (born 1964)
Chintala Ramachandra Reddy (born 1964) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a four-time MLA. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election on YSRCP ticket from Pileru constituency in Chittoor district. He is nominated to contest the Pileru seat representing YSRCP for the 2024 Assembly elections.

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Colorado Belle
The Colorado Belle is a former casino hotel on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada, owned and operated by Golden Entertainment. Initially closed on March 17, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 18, 2020, Golden Entertainment announced that the Colorado Belle would remain closed "indefinitely," even after casinos were allowed to reopen. As of March 2025, the property remains closed.

The Colorado Belle is a fixed building made to look like a six-deck replica of a 19th-century Mississippi River paddle steamer riverboat, with 1,168 rooms in two seven-story towers. The casino had 42,706 sq ft (3,967.5 m2) of gaming space with 750 slot machines, and 16 table games. The hotel had three restaurants: The Loading Dock, Big Easy Deli, and Pints brewery. The resort also included two pools, a fitness room, two gift shops, a koi pond and an arcade.

Casino game
A casino game is one in which players gamble cash or chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes, often in a casino environment. Such games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. Casino games can also be played outside of casinos for entertainment purposes, like in parties or in school competitions, on machines that simulate gambling.
HMS Bellona (1909)
HMS Bellona was one of two Boadicea-class scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The ship served as the flotilla leader for the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla from her completion in 1910 until 1913 when she was transferred to the 1st Battle Squadron. Bellona spent the bulk of World War I with that squadron. She was present at, but did not fight in, the Battle of Jutland in mid-1916. The ship was converted into a minelayer in mid-1917 and made four sorties to lay her mines before the end of the war. Bellona was reduced to reserve in 1919 and sold to be broken up for scrap in 1921.

Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning exit, from Latin root surgere meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint. The term originated in siege warfare.
Rosa M. Towne
Rosa M. Towne (c. 1827 – December 3, 1909) was an American painter.

Rosa M. Towne was born in about 1827, the daughter of John Towne, a wealthy businessman, and Sarah Robinson Towne.  Her siblings included artist Ann Sophia Towne Darrah, educator Laura Matilda Towne, and engineer John Henry Towne.

Towne is best known for her botanical watercolors.  Between 1888 and 1898, Towne completed 73 paintings of 182 plants, all of the plants mentioned in the works of Shakespeare.  Oakes Ames purchased them for the Harvard Botanical Museum and his successor Richard Evans Schultes published reproductions of them as Plant Lore of Shakespeare (1974).

John Henry Towne built a memorial fountain in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania dedicated to her work with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Rosa M. Towne died on December 3, 1909.

Richard Evans Schultes
Richard Evans Schultes (SHULL-tees; January 12, 1915 – April 10, 2001) was an American biologist, considered to be the father of modern ethnobotany. He is known for his studies of the uses of plants by indigenous peoples, especially the indigenous peoples of the Americas. He worked on entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, particularly in Mexico and the Amazon, involving lifelong collaborations with chemists. He had charismatic influence as an educator at Harvard University; several of his students and colleagues went on to write popular books and assume influential positions in museums, botanical gardens, and popular culture.

His book The Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers (1979), co-authored with chemist Albert Hofmann, the discoverer of LSD,  is considered his greatest popular work: it has never been out of print and was revised into an expanded second edition, based on a German translation by Christian Rätsch (1998), in 2001.
Esther Eneutseak
Esther Eneutseak (1877–1961) was an Inuk performer and actor. Originally from Nain, Labrador, she performed at "Inuit villages" at world's fairs and circuses, and in films with her daughter, Columbia Eneutseak. Her self-chosen surname means "good person".

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Kondaveeti Simhasanam
Kondaveeti Simhasanam (transl. Kondaveeti throne) is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by Dasari Narayana Rao and starring himself, Mohan Babu and Soundarya with Harshavardhan, Deepti Bhatnagar, Laya and Udaya Bhanu in supporting roles. The film is modern retelling of the relationship between Lord Rama, the village head, and Anjaneya, his servant. The film was released to highly negative reviews.

Laya (actress)
Laya (born 21 October 1981) is an Indian actress and Kuchipudi dancer known for her work primarily in Telugu films alongside a few Malayalam, Kannada and Tamil films. Laya first appeared as a child actor in Bhadram Koduko (1992) and later she started working as a lead actress with Swayamvaram (1999). She was runner up in the Star 2000 contest conducted to introduce new talent and has won three Nandi Awards including  Special Jury Award and two Nandi Awards for Best Actress in consecutive years for Manoharam (2000) and Preminchu (2001).
Ethylene acrylic acid
Ethylene acrylic acid (EAA, poly(ethylene acrylic acid), or PEAA) is a copolymer from ethylene and acrylic acid. The ratio between the two different monomers can be varied, which may significantly alter the material properties (such as polarity, crystallinity and solubility), making them suitable for various applications.

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
1986 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1986 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 77th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 1986. The championship ran from 10 May to 17 August 1986.

On 17 August 1986, Cloughduv won the championship following a 2–12 to 0–11 defeat of Erin's Own in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This as their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1983.

Cloughduv's Don O'Leary was the championship's top scorer with 2-27.

Erin's Own GAA (Cork)
Erin's Own GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Glounthaune, County Cork, Ireland. The club fields teams in hurling, Gaelic football, camogie and ladies football. The club is part of the Imokilly division.
Trasianka
Trasianka or trasyanka (Belarusian: трасянка, IPA: [traˈsʲanka]) is a mixed form of speech in which Belarusian and Russian elements and structures are combined arbitrarily.  Due to the negative connotation of the word trasianka it has been suggested that in the linguistic debate the term "Belarusian-Russian mixed speech" should be used.

Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ PAL-ə-təl-eye-ZAY-shən) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel. Palatalization involves change in the place or manner of articulation of consonants, or the fronting or raising of vowels. In some cases, palatalization involves assimilation or lenition.
Justin Gonzales
Justin Rory Gonzales (born c. 1982) is an employee of a logging company in Okolona, Arkansas, who is a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from the 89th district. He previously represented the 19th district.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Tichý
Tichý (feminine form: Tichá) is a Czech surname meaning literally "quiet" or "silent". Notable people include:

Andrzej Tichý (born 1978), Swedish writer

Irena Tichá (born 1943), Czech volleyball player

Jana Tichá (born 1965),  Czech astronomer

Jindra Tichá (born 1937), Czech-New Zealand academic and writer

Jiří Tichý (1933–2016), Czech football player

Martin Tichý (born 1968), Czech rower

Milan Tichý (born 1969), Czech ice hockey defenceman

Miloš Tichý (born 1966), Czech astronomer

Miroslav Tichý (1926–2011), Czech photographer

Otto Albert Tichý (1890–1973), Czech composer, teacher and organist

Pavel Tichý (1936–1994), Czech logician, philosopher and mathematician

Zdena Tichá (born 1952), Czech rower

Milan Tichý
Milan Tichý (born September 22, 1969) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

He was drafted 153rd overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft and played 13 games for them during the 1992–93 NHL season. He was claimed by the Florida Panthers in the 1993 NHL Expansion Draft but never played a game for them and was traded to the Winnipeg Jets for Brent Severyn before the season started. He spent the entire season in the American Hockey League with the Moncton Hawks and never played for Winnipeg. He moved to New York Islanders in 1994 and played ten games over two seasons.

He is currently an amateur scout for the National Hockey League's Columbus Blue Jackets, scouting players in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, Russia, Sweden and Germany.
2019 Norwegian local elections
Local elections were held in Norway on 9 September 2019. Voters elected representatives to municipal and county councils, which are responsible for education, public transport, health, and elderly care, and for the levy of certain taxes.

The local election was the first since the consolidation of municipalities and counties, reducing the number of counties from 19 to 11, and number of municipalities from 429 to 356. Despite the formal date of the mergers being 1 January 2020, the election proceeded with the new borders and divisions as the term of office began the same day.

The political parties in five municipalities in Finnmark county (Alta, Karasjok, Kautokeino, Kvænangen and Loppa) cancelled all their campaigning following a helicopter crash in Alta on 31 August.

Kvænangen Municipality
Kvænangen (Northern Sami: Návuotna; Kven: Naavuono) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Burfjord. Other notable villages in the municipality include Alteidet, Badderen, Kjækan, and Sekkemo. The European route E6 highway goes through the municipality and over the Sørstraumen Bridge, and many people stop at the Kvænangsfjellet pass to view the scenery of the Kvænangen fjord.

The 2,109-square-kilometre (814 sq mi) municipality is the 32nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Kvænangen is the 324th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,157. The municipality's population density is 0.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.
2nd APAN Star Awards
The 2nd APAN Star Awards (Korean: 제2회 에이판 스타 어워즈) was held on November 16, 2013 at the Hall of Jeongsimhwa International Cultural Center, Chungnam National University in Daejeon, hosted by T-ara's Park So-yeon and Lee Hwi-jae. First held in 2012, the annual awards ceremony recognizes the excellence in South Korea's television. The nominees were chosen from 75 Korean dramas that aired from November 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013.

The highest honor of the ceremony, Grand Prize (Daesang), was awarded to the actress Song Hye-kyo of the drama series That Winter, the Wind Blows.

That Winter, the Wind Blows
That Winter, the Wind Blows (Korean: 그 겨울, 바람이 분다) is a 2013 South Korean television romantic drama series broadcast by SBS TV. The series is based on the 2002 Japanese drama series Forget Love (愛なんていらねえよ、夏, Ai nante Irane yo, Natsu) and was previously adapted into the 2006 Korean film Love Me Not. Directed by Kim Kyu-tae, it stars Zo In-sung and Song Hye-kyo. It aired from February 13 to April 3, 2013, replacing The Great Seer and was replaced by All About My Romance. A gambler and con man (Jo) pretends to be the long-lost brother of a blind heiress (Song), but these two damaged people come to find the true meaning of love after getting to know each other.
Hideo Fujiwara
Hideo Fujiwara (藤原 秀雄, Fujiwara Hideo) is a Japanese computer scientist who made significant contributions to ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) algorithms. As one of his works, he invented the FAN algorithm in 1983, which was the fastest ATPG algorithm at that time, and was adopted by industry.

He was born in Nara, Japan, and studied electronic engineering at Osaka University, where he received his B.E. degree in 1969, M.E. in 1971, and Ph.D. in 1974.  He was with Osaka University from 1974 to 1985, Meiji University from 1985 to 1993, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) from 1993 to 2011, and Osaka Gakuin University from 2011 to 2021.  Presently, he is Professor Emeritus of NAIST.

Meiji University
Meiji University (明治大学, Meiji Daigaku) is a private research university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Originally founded as Meiji Law School (明治法律学校, Meiji Hōritsu Gakkō) by three lawyers in 1881, it became a university in April 1920.

As of May 2023, Meiji has 32,261 undergraduate students and 2,635 postgraduate students. The university consists of 10 undergraduate, 12 graduate, and 4 professional graduate schools, and operates on four campuses around the Greater Tokyo Area: Surugadai, Izumi, Ikuta, and Nakano. Meiji University is the country's most applied-to university, with applications to its undergraduate degrees amounting to approximately 100,000 annually. Meiji is a part of the Top Global University Project of Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. As of 2021, 270 Meiji alumni have competed in the Olympics, garnering 40 medals: 14 gold, 13 silver, and 13 bronze.
Baird Island
Baird Island is an island in the Piper Islands National Park in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Queensland, Australia, in Temple Bay about 100 km northeast of Kutini-Payamu National Park and Lockhart River and 50 km south of Cape Grenville.  The island, along with neighbouring Beesley, Farmer and Fisher Islands, constitutes the Piper Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance as a breeding site for pied imperial pigeons and black noddies.

It occupies an area of about 2 hectares.

Lockhart River, Queensland
Lockhart River is a town in the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and a coastal locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and the Shire of Cook, on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The town is an Aboriginal community. From 1924 to 1967, the Lockhart River Mission was run by the Anglican Church. In the 2021 census, the locality of Lockhart River had a population of 640 people.
FC Green Valley
Green Valley Football Club (simply known as FC Green Valley) is an Indian professional football club based in Guwahati, Assam. Formed in 2010, the club went straight into professional football and got accepted into the I-League 2, the third tier of Indian football league system. It currently competes in the top division Assam State Premier League, Guwahati Premier Football League and the GSA A Division Football League.

Indian football league system
The Indian football league system is the league structure of football club competitions in India. The highest level of men's club football competition is the Indian Super League. Indian Women's League, founded in 2016, is the highest level of women's football club competition in India.
Thunderbolt (2014 roller coaster)
Thunderbolt is a steel roller coaster at Luna Park in the Coney Island neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. It is located near Surf Avenue and West 15th Street, on the Riegelmann Boardwalk next to the B&B Carousell.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.