hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lucy Giles
Colonel Lucy Giles is an officer of the British Army's Royal Logistic Corps and the first female College Commander at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst commanding New College where Officer Cadets spend the second and third terms of the 44-week, 3-term Commissioning Course.

Giles has been in the British Army for 25 years and has served on operations in Sierra Leone, East Timor, Bosnia, Iraq, Northern Ireland and Afghanistan. Giles currently serves as the President of the Army Officer Selection Board.

Giles completed her GCSEs at King Arthur's School, Wincanton and her A levels at Sexey's School, Bruton. She then studied Biology at the University of Exeter where she joined the Officers' Training Corps.

International Force East Timor
The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking task force, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took place in East Timor from 1999–2000 until the arrival of UN peacekeepers. INTERFET was commanded by an Australian military officer, Major General Peter Cosgrove.
Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade
Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria composed of Polish soldiers exiled after the invasion of Poland in 1939 as part of the Polish Army in France. It was commanded by General Stanisław Kopański.

The division fought with distinction in the North African Campaign of World War II, notably during the Siege of Tobruk. In 1942 it formed the backbone of the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Cremastocheilini
Cremastocheilini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 50 genera in the tribe Cremastocheilini. Many beetles in this tribe are known to associate with ants and live within their nests.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Avro Keyboard
Avro Keyboard (Bengali: অভ্র কিবোর্ড) is a free and open source graphical keyboard software developed by OmicronLab for the Microsoft Windows, Linux, MacOS, and several other software additionally adapted its phonetic layout for Android and iOS operating system. It is the first free Unicode and ANSI compliant Bengali keyboard interface for Windows. It was published on 26 March 2003.

Avro Keyboard has support for fixed keyboard layout and phonetic layout named "Avro Phonetic" that allows typing Bengali through romanized transliteration. Avro Keyboard comes with many additional features; auto correction, spell checker, a font fixer tool to set default Bengali font, a keyboard layout editor, Unicode to ANSI converter, ANSI to Unicode converter and a set of Bengali Unicode and ANSI fonts. This software is provided in a Standard Installer Edition and Portable Edition for Windows.

Independence Day (Bangladesh)
Independence Day, officially Independence and National Day, is celebrated on 26 March as a national holiday in Bangladesh. It commemorates the country's declaration of independence from Pakistan in the early hours of 26 March 1971 following Yahya Khan's Operation Searchlight, eventual defeat and the Surrender of Pakistan.
Raggio
Raggio is an Italian surname. It is derived from the Latin word raius (English: fame, glory). Notable people with the surname include:

Brady Raggio (born 1972), baseball player

Giuseppe Raggio (1823–1916), Italian painter

Grier Raggio, American lawyer and politician

Louise Raggio, (1919–2011), American lawyer from Texas

Luca Raggio (born 1995), Italian cyclist

Olga Raggio (1926–2009), art historian and curator

Silvano Raggio Garibaldi (born 1989), Italian football player

Tommaso Raggio (1531–1599), Jesuit missionary

William Raggio (1926–2012), American politician from Nevada

Louise Raggio
Louise Raggio (June 15, 1919 – January 23, 2011) was a Texas lawyer for more than fifty years. She was the first female prosecutor in Dallas County, Texas. She spearheaded a coalition to establish the Marital Property Act of 1967 (which went into effect on January 1, 1968), and the Texas Family Code.
Frederick Charles Hurrell
Air Vice Marshal Frederick "Freddie" Charles Hurrell, CB, OBE, CStJ, QHP, MRCS, FRAeS (24 April 1928 – 3 October 2008) was a senior medical officer in the Royal Air Force who spent his 35-year military career in aviation medicine and served as Director-General of the RAF Medical Services from 1986 to 1988.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
Thringstone Halt railway station
Thringstone Halt railway station was a station on the Charnwood Forest Railway. Near the village of Thringstone, Leicestershire at 52.7503354N 1.3638816E. On the outskirts of Whitwick. Opened in 1907 as a stop on the line between Loughborough Derby Road and Coalville East.

The station closed in 1931 when passenger services on the line with withdrawn. Today, the cutting and halt have been filled in but the bridge carrying a minor road over the halt is still visible.

Whitwick
Whitwick /ˈwɪtɪk/ is a large village and civil parish in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England, some two miles north of Coalville in the northwest of the county. It lies in an ancient parish which formerly included the equally historic villages of Thringstone and Swannington. Whitwick is situated 4 miles southwest of Shepshed, 6 miles east of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and 8 miles west-southwest of Loughborough.

It was an important manor in the Middle Ages, which once included Bardon and Markfield, parts of Hugglescote, Donington le Heath, Ratby, Bocheston, Newtown Unthank and Whittington. As early as 1293, Whitwick had a weekly market and a four-day fair. The population of Whitwick, according to the 2001 census was 10,815 persons. 8,092 of these fell into the 16–74 working age range, although only 4,689 were employed. The population of the village at the 2011 census had fallen to 8,612.
Anna Seward Pruitt
Anna (Seward) Pruitt (1862–1948), was a Protestant Christian missionary in Northern China. She belonged to the so-called "missionary generation" of Americans born between the years 1860-1885.

She was born in Tallmadge, Ohio, on May 16, 1862, the daughter of John Woodhouse and Urania (Ashley) Seward. She traveled west in the early 1880s to teach school in Ojai, California; her letters about the trip were later published in the California Historical Quarterly (1937–1938).

California Historical Society
The California Historical Society (CHS) was the official historical society of California, until it dissolved and transferred its collections to the Stanford University Libraries in an agreement that was announced in January 2025. Founded in 1871 by a group of prominent Californian intellectuals at Santa Clara University, the Society was designated as the California state historical society in 1979. Although the Society was based in San Francisco, it hosted exhibits across California.
Usnea hirta
Usnea hirta is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was one of 80 lichen species first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers transferred it to the genus Usnea in 1780. The lichen is sensitive to air pollution, and is often used as a biomonitor of sulphur dioxide. Usnea hirta has an extensive worldwide distribution, and it is morphologically variable, which has led to numerous intraspecific taxa (i.e. subspecies, varieties, and forms) being proposed in its taxonomic history.

Species Plantarum
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants.
Sound of Silence (2017 film)
Sound of Silence  is a 2017 Indian film in Hindi, Pahari and Tibetan. The film is directed by Malayalam film director Bijukumar Damodaran, commonly known as Dr. Biju. The film premiered at the 2017 Montreal World Film Festival. The film won an award for Best Director at the 2017 Kolkata International Film Festival in the Indian Film Competition category.

Kolkata International Film Festival
The Kolkata International Film Festival (KIFF) is an annual film festival held in Kolkata, India. Founded in 1995, it is the third oldest international film festival in India. The festival is organized by the West Bengal Film Centre under the West Bengal Government. In 2019, it was held from 8 November to 15 November. In 2024 the inaugural ceremony of the Kolkata International Film Festival will take place on 4 December and will continue upto 11 December 2024.The 30th Kolkata International Film Festival began on 4 December 2024 at Dhanadhanya Auditorium, in Kolkata, India. A 1966 Bengali film Galpo Holeo Satti by Tapan Sinha opened the festival

Duration will be not less than 60 minutes for featured films. The length of short films must be not more than 30 minutes, and for documentaries not more than 60 minutes. Productions may not be older than two years and must be an Indian premiere.
Shihu Moshe station
Shihu Moshe (Chinese: 石湖莫舍) is a station on Line 7 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in the Wuzhong District of Suzhou. Prior to the opening of Line 7 in October 2024, the station formed part of the Line 4 Muli branch. It has been in use since April 15, 2017, when Line 4 first opened.

Line 4 (Suzhou Metro)
Line 4 is a line of the Suzhou Metro. It runs in a north–south alignment from Longdaobang station in Xiangcheng District's the northern suburbs, to the canal town of Tongli in Wujiang District in the south. The line is 41.5 km long with 31 stations.

Until October 2024 there was a 11.3 km long branch line with 7 stations. This branch line was later transferred to line 7.
Estadio Carlos Vega Villalba
Estadio Carlos Vega Villalba, formerly known as the Estadio Francisco Villa is a multi-use stadium in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.  It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for Mineros de Zacatecas. The stadium has a capacity of 20,068 people.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
Oshakati
Oshakati is a town in northern Namibia. It is the regional capital of the Oshana Region and one of Namibia's largest cities, both by population and as an economic center. It had a population of 58,656 people in 2023.

Oshakati was founded in July 1966 and proclaimed a town in 1992. The town was used as a base of operations by the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the South African Border War.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
Memory House
Memory House (Portuguese: Casa de Antiguidades) is a 2020 drama film directed by João Paulo Miranda Maria. The film was part of the selection of the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was named as an Official Selection of the 2020 Cannes Film Festival, although it was not able to screen at Cannes due to the cancellation of the festival in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

The film won the Roger Ebert Award at the 2020 Chicago International Film Festival.

2020 Toronto International Film Festival
The 2020 Toronto International Film Festival, the 45th event in the Toronto International Film Festival series, was held from September 10 to 21, 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto, the festival took place primarily on an online streaming platform, although limited in-person screenings still took place within the constraints of social distancing restrictions.

Officially the festival concluded on September 19, with the final film premieres and events taking place that day; however, due to the 48-hour rental period applying to film viewings on the online platform, the festival platform remained open until September 21 to honour tickets purchased on closing day.
Coccothrinax acunana
Coccothrinax acunana is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common name sierra palm, and is endemic to Pico Turquino in Cuba.  It grows at high elevations (above 900 m), reportedly higher than any other Cuban palm.  Like other members of the genus, C. acunana is a fan palm.

Andrew Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered C. acunana to be a synonym of Coccothrinax miraguama.

Andrew Henderson (botanist)
Andrew James Henderson (born September 8, 1950) is a palm-systematist and Curator of the Institute of Systematic Botany at the New York Botanical Garden.  He has authored taxonomic descriptions of 140 species, subspecies and varieties of plants, especially in the palm family
Retro Hit Radio
Retro Hit Radio is a radio station based in Auckland, New Zealand. Retro Hit Radio has a diverse music playlist predominantly from the 1980s and 1990s. The station broadcast on FM for the first six years, and is now an internet radio station.

Anzac Day
Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia, New Zealand and Tonga that broadly commemorates all Australians and New Zealanders "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served". Observed on 25 April each year, Anzac Day was originally devised to honour the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in the Gallipoli campaign, their first engagement in the First World War (1914–1918).
Telmatobius mantaro
Telmatobius mantaro is a species of frog in the family Telmatobiidae. It is endemic to the eastern Cordillera Central of the Peruvian Andes. The specific name mantaro refers to the Mantaro River running near the type locality.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.
Tommie Dora Barker
Tommie Dora Barker (Nov. 15, 1888 – Feb. 6, 1978) was an American librarian and founding dean of Emory Library School in Atlanta, Georgia. She also served as a regional field agent, representing southern libraries, for the American Library Association.

Rockmart, Georgia
Rockmart is a town in Polk County, Georgia, United States. Its population was 4,732 at the 2020 census. It developed as a railroad depot town when the Southern Railway built a station in the area. The community was incorporated in 1872, and was named from abundant deposits of slate in the area. The Rockmart Downtown Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Daryl and Ossie Cartoon Show
The Daryl and Ossie Cartoon Show is an Australian afternoon children's television block aired on the Nine Network in 1977 every weekday at 4pm. It was hosted by Daryl Somers and Ossie Ostrich played by Ernie Carroll.

Ernie Carroll
Ernest Carroll (26 May 1929 – 30 March 2022) was an Australian puppeteer, entertainer, radio and television personality, comic writer, television producer and comic strip writer, most recognised for his role as the sidekick opposite Daryl Somers, as the man behind (and inside) Ossie Ostrich on Hey Hey It's Saturday, Cartoon Corner and The Daryl and Ossie Show.
Neugrund crater
Neugrund is a meteorite crater in Estonia. It is 8 km (5.0 mi) in diameter and was previously estimated to have been formed in the Ordovician around 470 Ma, with later research revealing a possible Cambrian origin (around 535 Ma). The crater is at the bottom of the sea and is not exposed at the surface. Boulders of gneissic breccia found on the coast of Osmussaar, a nearby island, are believed to have been thrown there by the explosion. It has been proposed that the Neugrund crater was created during the Ordovician meteor event when a hypothetical large asteroid transferred directly into a resonant orbit with Jupiter, which shifted its orbit to intercept Earth.

This attractive theory may need to be changed as more recent study puts the age of the impact in the Cambrian.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Roger Ó hUghróin
Roger Ó hUghróin (died 1616) was Chief of the Name.

Ó hUghróin was a native of Síol Anmchadha in what is now the diocese of Clonfert, County Galway. He appears to be the only attested Chief of his Name from Gaelic times.

In 1838, John O'Donovan recorded the following inscription on his tombstone, located on the floor of Clonfert Cathedral:

IHS. - His Jacet Dns Rogerus Horan precipuus sue nati9onatis, hunc tumullum isbbi ac posteris suis fecit feiri. Anno Domini 1616.

Anglicised as Horan, descendants of the clan are still found in south-east Galway.

Síol Anmchadha
Síol Anmchadha (Irish: Síl n-Anmcadha) was a sub-kingdom or lordship of Uí Maine, and ruled by an offshoot of the Uí Maine called the Síol Anmchadha ("the seed of Anmchadh"), from whom the territory took its name. It was located in Connacht, Ireland.
Williamson ether synthesis
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction,  forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol (alkoxide). This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an SN2 reaction. This reaction is important in the history of organic chemistry because it helped prove the structure of ethers.

The general reaction mechanism is as follows:

An example is the reaction of sodium ethoxide with chloroethane to form diethyl ether and sodium chloride:

C2H5Cl + C2H5ONa  →  C2H5OC2H5 + NaCl

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Vrabec
Vrabec (feminine: Vrabcová) is a Czech and Slovak surname, which means 'sparrow'. A Czech dialectal form of the surname with the same meaning is Brabec. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Vrabec (born 1963), Slovak football player and manager

Ondřej Vrabec (born 1979), Czech conductor and horn player

Petr Vrabec (born 1962), Czech football player and manager

Roland Vrabec (born 1974), German football manager

Thomas Vrabec (born 1966), Swiss ice hockey player

Slovak name
Slovak names consist of a given name and surname. Slovakia uses the Western name order with the given name being listed before surname. However, there is a historical tradition to reverse this order, especially in official contexts including administrative papers and legal documents, as well as on gravestones and memorials.

Most Slovaks do not have a middle name. The family name forms for males and females are distinct in Slovakia, making it possible to identify gender from the name alone. As of 2003 there were 185,288 different family names in use among 5.4 million Slovaks, or one family name for every 29 citizens. There is an estimated 90,000 lineages in Slovakia. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname. Slovak names are very similar to Czech names.