hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shock cooling
Shock cooling refers to the theory that damage to engines (particularly air-cooled aviation piston engines) may occur because of an excessively rapid decrease in temperature.

The situation where rapid cooling arises is on descent from altitude. In this condition, less power is demanded of the engine (it is throttled back) so it is developing much less heat. In a descent, the plane's airspeed increases, simultaneously increasing the cooling rate of the engine. As metals expand and contract under temperature changes, dimensional changes in the engine may exceed tolerance limits.

Cylinder head
In a piston engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders, forming the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages, valvetrain components, and  fuel injectors.
Badovc Lake
Badovc Lake is an artificial reservoir on the river Gračanka, two kilometers above Gračanica, built between 1963 and 1966 to supply the city of Pristina with water. The dam, with a height of 52 m and a width of 246 m, was built in Badovc ravine below Gollak mountains, near the "Rainwater" mine.

When full, the lake is 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) long and up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) wide, with a maximum depth of 30 m and a total volume of 26 million cubic meters of water. The lake has a catchment area of 109 km2 (42 sq mi). In February 2014, water levels were threatened, due to a very dry winter.

Gračanka
Gračanka (Serbian: Грачанка) or Graçanka (Albanian: Graçankë)  (also known as Gračanica/Graçanicë,  Грачаница) is a river in Kosovo. Its name is derived from Gradac, a toponym of fortified cities. It flows into the Sitnica near the settlement of Vragoli.
Vietti
Vietti is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brandon Vietti, American television producer, director and animator

Celestino Vietti, Italian motorcycle racer

Eleanor Ardel Vietti, American physician and POW

Josh Vietti, American violinist and composer

Michele Vietti, Italian politician

Teresa J. Vietti, American oncologist

Josh Vietti
Josh Vietti is an American violinist and composer from Los Angeles. In December 2012, he was named one of Los Angeles' Best Breakout Music Acts of 2012 by CBS Los Angeles for his unique talent and contributions to music education. Although generally billed as a hip-hop violinist, Vietti also incorporates country, gospel, pop, jazz and classical music styles into his repertoire. Josh is currently featured on ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown commercial titled "The Journey". The commercial airs each Sunday throughout the NFL season. In the segment Vietti performs his own violin arrangement of the hip-hop classic In Da Club by rapper 50 Cent.
Second Battle of the Corunna Road
The Second Battle of the Corunna Road (Spanish: Batalla de la Carretera de Coruña) was a battle of the Spanish Civil War that took place from 13 December 1936 to 15 January 1937, northwest of Madrid. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an offensive in order to cut the Corunna Road and isolate Madrid, but a Republican counter-offensive stopped the Nationalist advance. The Nationalists cut the Corunna road but failed to encircle Madrid.

Pozuelo de Alarcón
40°26′10″N 3°48′50″W﻿ / ﻿40.43611°N 3.81389°W﻿ / 40.43611; -3.81389
Pozuelo de Alarcón (Spanish pronunciation: [poˈθwelo ðe alaɾˈkon]) is a municipality in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Bordering the Moncloa-Aravaca district of Madrid proper to its west, Pozuelo de Alarcón is surrounded by large Mediterranean pine-tree forests: the Casa de Campo, the Monte del Pardo, and the Monte del Pilar. As of 2022, it ranks as the wealthiest municipality in Spain. La Finca, an isolated luxury residential area known by its affluent residents, most notably football players, lies within the municipality bounds.
1779 Virginia gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held in Virginia on June 1, 1779. The delegate from Albemarle County Thomas Jefferson defeated the president of the Council of State John Page.

The incumbent governor of Virginia Patrick Henry was ineligible for re-election due to term limits established by the Constitution of Virginia. The election was conducted by the Virginia General Assembly in joint session. No candidate had a majority after the first count, requiring a second ballot between the two top-finishers.

Virginia in the American Revolution
The history of Virginia in the American Revolution begins with the role the Colony of Virginia played in early dissent against the British government and culminates with the defeat of General Cornwallis by the allied forces at the Siege of Yorktown in 1781, an event that signaled the effective military end to the conflict. Numerous Virginians played key roles in the Revolution, including George Washington, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson.
Heineken Classic
The Heineken Classic was a men's professional golf tournament played in Australia from 1990 to 2005 as part of the PGA Tour of Australasia. From 1990 to 1992 it was called the Vines Classic.

It was held at The Vines Resort & Country Club in Western Australia from 1990 to 2001 and moved to the Royal Melbourne Golf Club from 2002 to 2005. From 1996 onwards it was co-sanctioned by the European Tour. In 2005 it was the most lucrative golf tournament in Australasia, but the 2006 event was cancelled after the sponsor withdrew and the promoters were unable to find a replacement. This was one of a series of tournaments to be cancelled in Australia within the space of a few years. The winners of the Heineken Classic included former World Number 1s Ernie Els and Ian Woosnam and future U.S. Open champion Michael Campbell.

Michael Campbell
Michael Shane Campbell CNZM (born 23 February 1969) is a New Zealand professional golfer who is best known for having won the 2005 U.S. Open and, at the time, the richest prize in golf, the £1,000,000 HSBC World Match Play Championship, in the same year. He played on the European Tour and the PGA Tour of Australasia.
Arthur Heatley
Arthur Edward Heatley (25 October 1865 – 1 July 1941) was an English cricketer.  Heatley's batting and bowling styles are unknown.  He was born at Brighton, Sussex.

Heatley made a single first-class appearance for Essex against Yorkshire at Thrum Hall, Halifax in 1894.  In this match, he scored 7 runs in Essex's first-innings before being dismissed by Thomas Foster, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 13.  Yorkshire won the match by 7 wickets.

He died at Ingrave, Essex on 1 July 1941.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Tomb of Mir Madan
Tomb of Mir Madan is located at Faridpur, in the Beldanga II CD block in the Berhampore subdivision of Murshidabad district.

According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal, the Tomb of Mir Madan is an ASI Listed Monument.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Giovanni Natoli
The Prince Giovanni Forti Natoli or Gianforte Natoli  was a Sicilian nobleman, the son of Blasco Natoli Lanza and Domenica Giambruno Perna. He was baron of S. Bartolomeo and Belice. On 20 August 1597 he bought the barony of Sperlinga from Giovanni Ventimiglia, marquis of Gerace,: 453  for 30,834 ounces of gold.: 542  Natoli was granted a  licentia populandi cum privilegium aedificandi ("licence to populate and build") by the king of Sicily, Philip II of Spain. In 1627 he was made prince of Sperlinga by Philip IV of Spain.: 453

Natoli was married twice: first to Maria Cottone Aragona, daughter of Stefano, count of Bauso; and second, to Melchiora Orioles Moncada, daughter of Orazio, baron of San Pietro di Patti. With the latter he had a son, Francesco Natoli.: 453

Giovanni Natoli died on 15 July 1633.: 84

Troy weight
Troy weight is a system of units of mass whose origin is uncertain. By far the most common troy unit is the troy ounce (oz t), the standard mass unit for precious metals in industry and in trade; it equals 31.1034768 grams. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois and apothecaries' systems, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound.
Zarechnoye, Vladimir Oblast
Zarechnoye (Russian: Заречное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kopninskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,165 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Failford, New South Wales
Failford is a locality in the Mid-Coast Council local government area on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Located to the east of the Pacific Highway, Failford is about 17 km (11 mi) northwest of  Forster. At the 2011 census it had a population of 495.

Failford is a water skiing and boating location with the nearby Wallamba River, which runs between Nabiac and Tuncurry. It has a caravan park on the river with its own boatramp.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Glover Crane Arnold
Glover Crane Arnold (September 7, 1849 – November 29, 1906) was an American medical doctor, surgeon, and instructor of anatomy and surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College and New York University's Medical College. He was also a faculty member of the Mills Training School for Male Nurses at Bellevue Hospital.

Arnold was involved in testing cures for malaria and tuberculosis. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (now The New England Journal of Medicine) described Arnold as "a successful and highly esteemed practitioner."

Annually, the New York University Grossman School of Medicine presents the Glover C. Arnold Surgical Award to a graduating medical student who is top in general surgery.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Montes Aquilanos
Montes Aquilanos, also known as Montes de El Bierzo and Alpes Bergidenses, is a mountain range within Montes de León, located to the south-southeast of the region of El Bierzo, pertaining to the Province of León in the autonomous region of Castile and León, Spain.
It serves as border between the traditional counties of Valdueza, Bierzo Bajo, La Somoza and La Cabrera.

The official Ponferrada Tourism site El paraíso natural de los Montes Aquilianos highlights this terrain as the municipality’s largest forested area, offering diverse hiking routes, Roman-era water channels linked to Las Médulas mining, and traditional mountain chapel trails. It's a top destination for eco-tourism and outdoor enthusiasts in northwestern Spain.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Desert of Maine
The Desert of Maine is a natural curiosity and privately owned tourist attraction whose main feature is a 20-acre (8.1 ha) expanse of barren glacial sand in the town of Freeport, Maine, United States. The area was de‑vegetated by poor farming practices in the 19th century.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Mohsen Rezaee 2013 presidential campaign
Secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council and former Chief Commander of the Sepah Mohsen Rezaee launched his campaign in June 2010 for the 2013 Iranian presidential election after losing in the previous election. Rezaee made the announcement that he would run for President on 16 October 2012. He was the candidate of the Moderation and Development Party, a conservative party. He was also supported by Green Party of Iran. He lost the election, receiving 3,884,412 votes and ranking fourth behind winner Hassan Rouhani, runner-up Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and Saeed Jalili.

Green Party of Iran
The Green Party of Iran (GPI; Persian: حزب سبزهای ایران, romanized: Hezb-e Sabzhā-ye Irān) is a Green political party dissident to Iran's Islamic Republic government.

The party is banned in Iran, and does not have a presence in the country. It has a radical stance towards Iranian Department of Environment and considers it a "façade of environmental concern for the benefit of international observers", arguing that it "covers up environmental disasters of the state". It is an exception to the Iranian environmentalist movement, in which most of organizations and NGOs are tolerated, and sometimes encouraged by the government.

The party was founded in California, U.S. as a "professional Iranian expatriate opposition" and was reportedly based in Canada as of 1999. As of 2014, it is based in Germany. German-Iranian Dr. Kazem Moussavi is the spokesman and leader of the group.
Pop That Booty
"Pop That Booty" is the third US and second UK single from Marques Houston's debut album, MH. The video and single features a guest appearance from Jermaine Dupri. It is the third track on the album.

A music video was produced featuring B2K member Lil' Fizz and Jermaine Dupri.

B2K
B2K (Boys of the New Millennium) is an American boy band active from 1998 to 2004 and 2018 to 2019, and having re-formed again in 2025. In 1998, the group was formed by American dance choreographer Dave Scott and Interscope A&R Keshia Gamble. The members consisted of Lil' Fizz, J-Boog, Raz-B, and Omarion. The group released their self-titled debut album on March 12, 2002. The album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On 10 June 2025, it was reported that the group had announced a reunion tour for 2026.
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), also known as "bleeding" or a "bleeding attack", is the presence of blood in the airways of the lung in association with exercise. EIPH is common in horses undertaking intense exercise, but it has also been reported in human athletes, racing camels and racing greyhounds. Horses that experience EIPH may also be referred to as "bleeders" or as having "broken a blood vessel". In the majority of cases, EIPH is not apparent unless an endoscopic examination of the airways is performed following exercise. This is distinguished from other forms of bleeding from the nostrils, called epistaxis.

Greyhound
The English Greyhound, or simply the Greyhound, is a breed of dog and a sighthound. It is an ancient breed historically developed for hunting game by sight and speed, and has later been used in organised coursing and greyhound racing. Greyhounds are also kept as show dogs and companion animals.

Greyhounds are characterised by a tall, muscular, smooth-coated build, a long tail, tough feet, and a distinctive flexible, "S-shaped" outline typical of sighthounds. They are a distinct breed from other related sighthounds, such as the Italian greyhound.

The Greyhound's long legs, deep chest, flexible spine, and slim build enable high sprinting speeds. In racing contexts, greyhounds can reach peak speeds of at least 69 km/h (43 mph), with typical winning speeds of approximately 58–61 km/h (36–38 mph).
Mark Zubek
Mark Zubek (born June 19, 1974) is a songwriter, and jazz musician.  His songwriting styles are influenced by pop, rock, R&B, hip hop, and jazz. He was discovered by Betty Carter, who wrote lyrics for and performed a composition of his.

Zubek was a member of the Toronto Songwriters' Association and has written jingles for companies like Coca-Cola, Dunkin' Donuts and the Discovery Channel.

Zubek writes and produces albums for singers and bands, arranges, plays instruments, and does sound engineering from his home studio.

Discovery Channel (Canada)
Discovery Channel is a Canadian exempt discretionary service owned by Rogers Sports & Media. Based on the U.S. cable network of the same name, the channel focuses primarily on programming related to nature, science, and technology.
2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round
The 2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round was an auto race held at the Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal on 17–19 September 2010.  Serving as the seventh round of the 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season, the FIA GT1 race served as part of the larger Portimão Supercar event and was joined by the FIA GT3 European Championship, GT4 European Cup, and Superleague Formula.  The former FIA GT Championship previously raced at the Algarve circuit in 2009.

GT4 European Series
The GT4 European Series is a sports car championship featuring production-based GT4 vehicles, organised by the SRO Motorsports Group. It is a Pro/Am series and serves as a primary support series for the GT World Challenge Europe.
Phaeochlaena lampra
Phaeochlaena lampra is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1918. It is found from south-eastern Brazil south to Uruguay, Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina.

The larvae feed on Solanum species.

Solanum
Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, Urtica), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.

Solanum species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon (the tomatoes) and Cyphomandra are now included in Solanum as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species.
Les Biches (film)
Les Biches (English: The Does) is a 1968 drama film directed by Claude Chabrol. It depicts a tortured love triangle between characters portrayed by Stéphane Audran and Jacqueline Sassard; Jean-Louis Trintignant also stars. Audran won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 18th Berlin International Film Festival. The film had an audience of 627,164 in France.

While the film does not acknowledge any literary sources, Les Biches is loosely based on Patricia Highsmith's 1955 novel The Talented Mr. Ripley, with the main characters' genders being switched. Chabrol's screenwriter Paul Gégauff had previously adapted the novel into Purple Noon in 1960.

Silver Bear for Best Actress
The Silver Bear for Best Actress (German: Silberner Bär/Beste Darstellerin) was an award presented at the Berlin International Film Festival from 1956 to 2020. It was given to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance and was chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival. Beginning with the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, the award was replaced with two gender-neutral categories, Silver Bear for Best Leading Performance and Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance.

At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival held in 1956, Elsa Martinelli was the first winner of this award for her performance in Donatella, and Paula Beer was the last winner in this category for her role in Undine at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival in 2020.
USS Ranger (Ontario)
USS Ranger was a 14-gun brigantine that served in the U.S. Navy from 1814 to 1821.

Ranger, likely either a former privateer or converted merchant vessel, was purchased on Lake Ontario in 1814. She was assigned to Commodore Isaac Chauncey's squadron in the War of 1812 as a tender and troop transport. She was condemned as being unfit for repairs or further service and was sold off on 15 May 1821; her fate afterwards is unknown.

Brigantine
A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.

Older usages are looser; in addition to the rigorous definition above (attested from 1695), the Oxford English Dictionary includes two c. 1525 definitions: "a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing, swifter and more easily manœuvred than larger ships" and "(loosely) various kinds of foreign sailing and rowing vessels, as the galleon, galliot, etc."

Modern American definitions include vessels without any square sail(s) on the main mast.