hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oussama Idrissi
Oussama Idrissi (Arabic: أسامة ادريسي; born 26 February 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX club Pachuca. Born in the Netherlands, he represented Morocco at international level.

FIFA Intercontinental Cup
The FIFA Intercontinental Cup is an annual football competition organised by FIFA, the global governing body for the sport. First held in 2024, the tournament features the reigning club champions of each of the six FIFA confederations, contested in a knockout format in which the representative from Europe receives a bye to the final.

The tournament concept is closely modelled on the earlier version of the FIFA Club World Cup, which underwent major expansion and restructuring starting with the 2025 edition. The FIFA Intercontinental Cup confers the title of annual world champions. Paris Saint-Germain are the current holders, having defeated Flamengo 2–1 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the 2025 final.
Richard Taylor (Medal of Honor)
Richard Taylor (c. 1834–1890) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.

Taylor joined the Army from Indiana in August 1861, and mustered out with his regiment in August 1865.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Maltese euro coins
Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Malta has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and is a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. Malta adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2008, replacing the Maltese lira. For a period of one month until 31 January, there was a dual circulation for Malta where the euro and Maltese lira were used alongside each other.

Maltese cross
The Maltese cross (also the Amalfi cross) is a cross symbol, consisting of four "V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles,  two tips pointing outward symmetrically.

It is a heraldic cross variant which developed from earlier forms of eight-pointed crosses in the 16th century. Although chiefly associated with the Knights Hospitaller (Order of St. John, now the Sovereign Military Order of Malta), and by extension with the island of Malta, it has come to be used by a wide array of entities since the early modern period,
notably the Order of Saint Stephen,  the city of Amalfi, the Polish Order of the White Eagle (1709), the Prussian order Pour le Mérite (1740), and the Bavarian Military Merit Order (1866).

Unicode defines a character named "Maltese cross" in the Dingbats range at code point U+2720 (✠); however, most computer fonts render the code point as a cross pattée.
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
In statistics, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator to test the association between a binary predictor or treatment and a binary outcome such as case or control status while taking into account the stratification. Unlike the McNemar test, which can only handle pairs, the CMH test handles arbitrary strata sizes. It is named after William G. Cochran, Nathan Mantel and William Haenszel. Extensions of this test to a categorical response and/or to several groups are commonly called Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. It is often used in observational studies in which random assignment of subjects to different treatments cannot be controlled but confounding covariates can be measured.

Stratification (clinical trials)
Stratification of clinical trials is the partitioning of subjects and results by a factor other than the treatment given.

Stratification can be used to ensure equal allocation of subgroups of participants to each experimental condition.  This may be done by gender, age, or other demographic factors.  Stratification can be used to control for confounding variables (variables other than those the researcher is studying), thereby making it easier for the research to detect and interpret relationships between variables.  For example, if doing a study of fitness where age or gender was expected to influence the outcomes, participants could be stratified into groups by the confounding variable.  A limitation of this method is that it requires knowledge of what variables need to be controlled.
Richard Morton (basketball)
Richard L. Morton (born February 2, 1966) is an American former professional basketball player played briefly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Born in San Francisco, California, he was a 6'3" 190 lb (86 kg) point guard, and played college basketball at California State University, Fullerton and later played for the NBA's Indiana Pacers.

Morton played two games with the Pacers during the 1988–89 NBA season, registering six total points on 3-of-4 shooting.  He spent several seasons in the Continental Basketball Association, playing for the Topeka Sizzlers, Rochester Flyers, San Jose Jammers, Albany Patroons, Rapid City Thrillers, Tri-City Chinook and Quad City Thunder from 1988 to 1994.  He averaged 18.7 points and 4.1 rebounds per game for his career and was a CBA All-Star in 1990 and 1991.

Until February 2006, Morton was the head coach of the ABA's now-defunct San Francisco Pilots.

Bakersfield Jammers
The Bakersfield Jammers, known originally as the San Jose Jammers, were an American professional basketball team that were members of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) from 1989 to 1992. Originally based in San Jose, California, the team relocated to Bakersfield, California for their final season.

The team was created by former Oakland A's executive Fred Kuenzi through a CBA basketball league expansion. Although Fred was initially named as team spokesman and introduced as the team's first general manager, he had previous commitments that prohibited him from remaining on in that capacity. He served as a team consultant. Fred obtained capital investment funding by bringing in former assemblyman Dominic L. Cortese as majority owner. The Jammers' inaugural roster included high-scoring guards Freddie Banks (Las Vegas Silver Streaks) and Butch Hays, forward David Boone, and center Casey Crawford.

San Jose Jammers games were broadcast on radio station KSJX.
Seth Walker
Seth Walker (born 1972) is an American electric blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter. He has released 10 albums to date, the most recent entitled Are You Open? (2019). Walker's musical genres include Americana, blues and jazz.

Gotta Get Back was released on September 2, 2016, and debuted at number 6 in the US on the Billboard Top Blues Album. His 2009 album, Leap of Faith, also charted on the Billboard Top Blues Album chart, peaking at number 2.

Delbert McClinton remarked "the first time I heard Seth Walker at a small club in Nashville I was impressed like I haven't been impressed in 30 years, with performance, presence, and great songs."

Electric blues
Electric blues is blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments.  The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s.  Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues.  By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier.  Although it took a little longer, the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand-up bass by the early 1960s.  Keyboards, especially electric organs and electric pianos, later became widely used in electric blues.
Angie Rodríguez
Angie Lizeth Rodríguez Fajardo (c. 1986) is a Colombian public administrator and politician who served as Secretary General of the Presidency from 2025 to 2026 under President Gustavo Petro. A specialist in public management, she has also served as Senior Advisor to the Ministry of Labor under Minister Clara López, advisor to the Comptroller General of Colombia, and advisor to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection under Minister Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo.

Rodríguez specialized in public management at the Superior School of Public Administration, where she also earned a master's degree in human rights. She holds a gadex executive master's degree in Advanced Management from the University of Cádiz. In May 2023, President Gustavo Petro appointed her as the new general director of administrative department of the presidency.
 She is notable for her close relationship with Ministers Armando Benedetti and Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo.

Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia
The Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Contraloría General de la República de Colombia) is a Colombian independent government institution that acts as the highest form of fiscal control in the country. As such, it has a mission to seek the proper allocation of resources and public funds and contribute to the modernization of the state, by means of continuous improvement in the various public entities. It is one of the Colombian Control Institutions along with the Office of the Inspector General of Colombia.
Coastal path
A coastal path (or a littoral path) is a trail along a sea shore or a lake shore for pedestrians, and sometimes for cyclists or equestrians.

Some coastal paths were originally created for use by customs or coastguard officials looking out for smugglers landing illicit goods. In modern times some routes have been developed for tourists, with facilities such as benches, waymarks and information boards.

Coast guard
A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue without law enforcement authority. In most countries, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from those of the navy (a military branch) and the transit police (a law enforcement agency), while in certain countries they have similarities to both.
Kunguma Poovum Konjum Puravum
Kunguma Poovum Konjum Puravum (transl. The Kumkuma flower and the enticing pigeon; also known by the initialism KPKP) is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Rajamohan. The film stars newcomers Ramakrishnan and Thananya, while Tharun Chatriya, Nagamma, and Agavamma play supporting roles. The film is produced by SPB Charan under his banner Capital Film Works and has music by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The film's title is based on a song from Maragatham (1959). It was released on 24 April 2009 and received critical acclaim, but performed averagely at the box office.

Kumkuma
Kumkuma  is a powder used for social and religious markings in India. It is made from turmeric or any other local materials. The turmeric is dried and powdered with a bit of slaked lime, which turns the rich yellow powder into a red color.

In India, it is known by many names including kuṅkumam (Sanskrit कुङ्कुमम्, Tamil குங்குமம், and Malayalam കുങ്കുമം), kumkuma (Kannada ಕುಂಕುಮ,Telugu కుంకుమ), kukum (Konkani कुकूम्), kunku (Marathi कुंकू), kanku (Gujarati કંકુ), kumkum (Bengali কুমকুম and Hindi कुमकुम).
Peterson–Žižek debate
The Peterson–Žižek debate, officially titled Happiness: Capitalism vs. Marxism, was a debate between the Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson (a critic of Marxism) and the Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek (a Marxist theorist and Hegelian) on the relationship between Marxism, capitalism, and happiness. Moderated by Stephen J. Blackwood, it was held before an audience of 3,000 at Meridian Hall in Toronto on 19 April 2019.

In the debate, Peterson and Žižek agreed on many issues, including a criticism of political correctness and identity politics. They debated about the merits of regulated capitalism. Both rejected happiness as a primary goal for individuals and societies.

Current Affairs (magazine)
Current Affairs is an American bimonthly magazine that discusses political and cultural topics from a left-wing perspective. It was founded by Oren Nimni and Nathan J. Robinson in 2015. The magazine is published in print and online, and also has a podcast. The magazine is funded through subscriptions and donations.

Its political stances have been described as socialist, progressive, and broadly leftist. Its format is influenced by magazines such as Jacobin and Spy.
Parthal Pasi Theerum
Parthal Pasi Theerum (pronounced [paːɾtːaːl pasi tiːɾɯm] transl. Just a look will quench hunger) is a 1962 Indian Tamil-language film directed by A. Bhimsingh. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, Savitri, B. Saroja Devi and Sowcar Janaki, while Kamal Haasan was a child artist. It was released on 14 January 1962.

Sowcar Janaki
Sankaramanchi Janaki (born 12 December 1931), widely known as Sowcar Janaki, is an Indian actress known for her works in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada films. In a career spanning over seven decades, Janaki has appeared in nearly 400 films. She also performed on stage in over 300 shows and was a radio artist during her earlier years. She is the recipient of two Nandi Awards, a Kalaimamani, and India's fourth-highest civilian award, Padma Shri. Her younger sister, Krishna Kumari, was also a noted actress.

She was featured in the first Kannada pan-Indian film Mahishasura Mardini alongside Dr. Rajkumar, which was released in 1959, making her one of the first leading pan-Indian actresses.
Bowed guitar
Bowed guitar is a method of playing a guitar, acoustic or electric, in which the guitarist uses a bow, rather than the more common plectrum, to vibrate the instruments' strings, similar to playing a viola da gamba. Unlike traditionally bowed instruments such as violins, the guitar generally has a relatively flat bridge radius and closely positioned strings, making it difficult to bow individual notes on the middle strings. The technique is often associated with Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin and the Yardbirds, as well as Jónsi of Sigur Rós. Eddie Phillips of the British group the Creation was one of the first rock guitarists to use a bow in their 1966 song "Making Time".

Plectrum
A plectrum is a small flat tool used for plucking or strumming of a stringed instrument.  For hand-held instruments such as guitars and mandolins, the plectrum is often called a pick and is held as a separate tool in the player's hand. In harpsichords, the plectra are attached to the jack mechanism.
Rhoscolyn Lifeboat Station
Rhoscolyn Lifeboat Station was located at Porth-y-Corwgl, near the village of Rhoscolyn, on the west coast of Holy Island, in the north-west corner of Anglesey, Wales.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Rhoscolyn by the Anglesey Association for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck in 1830, before being transferred to the management of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1855.

After 99 years service, the Rhoscolyn Lifeboat Station was closed in 1929.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Oracle Fusion Middleware
Oracle Fusion Middleware (FMW, also known as Fusion Middleware) consists of several software products from Oracle Corporation. FMW spans multiple services, including Java EE and developer tools, integration services, business intelligence, collaboration, and content management. FMW depends on open standards such as BPEL, SOAP, XML and JMS.

Oracle Fusion Middleware provides software for the development, deployment, and management of service-oriented architecture (SOA). It includes what Oracle calls "hot-pluggable" architecture,
designed to facilitate integration with existing applications and systems from other software vendors such as IBM, Microsoft, and SAP AG.

Application server
An application server is a server that hosts applications or software that delivers a business application through a communication protocol. For a typical web application, the application server sits behind the web servers.

An application server framework is a service layer model. It includes software components available to a software developer through an application programming interface. An application server may have features such as clustering, fail-over, and load-balancing. The goal is for developers to focus on the business logic.
Troms Kraft
Troms Kraft is a power company that operates twelve hydroelectric power plants and the power grid in fifteen municipalities in Troms, Norway. The retail division has 100,000 customers and traded 5 TWh of electricity in 2006, in addition to 40 GWh of district heating. Upon demerger on 1 January 2009, parts of Troms Kraft Marked AS were merged with Ishavskraft AS; Troms Kraft AS owns 50% of Ishavskraft AS. The company operates a fiberoptic broadband service in Tromsø. The company is also planning to construct Fakken windfarm.

Semming Semmingsen has held the role of CEO since June 2012.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
43rd Golden Raspberry Awards
The 43rd Golden Raspberry Awards, or Razzies, honored the worst the film industry had to offer in 2022 on March 10, 2023. The awards are based on votes from members of the Golden Raspberry Foundation. The nominations were announced on January 22, 2023. The biographical psychological drama Blonde received the most nominations with eight, including Worst Picture and Worst Director (Andrew Dominik), winning the former and Worst Screenplay (Dominik).

The Worst Actress nomination of then twelve-year-old Ryan Kiera Armstrong for her performance in the Firestarter remake was the subject of backlash, following which Razzies co-founder John J. B. Wilson issued a public apology and announced that the organization would no longer allow children to be nominated in any category, placing itself in Armstrong's place on the ballot.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
Giacomo Lippi
Giacomo Lippi (late 16th century) was an Italian painter of the Baroque. He was, born at Budrio. He was a pupil of Lodovico Carracci. He completed frescoes of  Scenes from the life of the Virgin for the church of the Annunciation at Bologna. He is also called Giacomo da Budrio or Giacomo della Lippa.

Budrio
Budrio (Eastern Bolognese: Bûdri) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy; it is 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Bologna.

Budrio is the birthplace of Giuseppe Barilli, better known under his pseudonym of Quirico Filopanti, an Italian mathematician and politician.
Zulma Bouffar
Zulma Madeleine Boufflar, known as Zulma Bouffar, (24 May 1841 – 20 January 1909), was a French soprano singer and actress, associated with the opéra-bouffe of Paris in the second half of the 19th century who enjoyed a successful career around Europe.

Opéra bouffe
Opéra bouffe (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa buf], plural: opéras bouffes) is a genre of mid- to late 19th-century French operetta, closely associated with Jacques Offenbach, who produced many of them at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, inspiring the genre's name.

It differs from the opéra comique of the same period for elements of comedy, satire, parody and farce. The most famous examples are La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue (Bluebeard), La Vie parisienne, La Périchole and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein.
Mathematical principles of reinforcement
The mathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR) constitute of a set of mathematical equations set forth by Peter Killeen and his colleagues attempting to describe and predict the most fundamental aspects of behavior (Killeen & Sitomer, 2003).

The three key principles of MPR, arousal, constraint, and coupling, describe how incentives motivate responding, how time constrains it, and how reinforcers become associated with specific responses, respectively. Mathematical models are provided for these basic principles in order to articulate the necessary detail of actual data.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.