hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irish Association for Applied Linguistics
The Irish Association for Applied Linguistics (Irish: Cumann na Teangeolaíochta Feidhmí), or IRAAL, is an academic society that connects language lecturers, language teachers, and researchers in linguistics, applied linguistics, and sociolinguistics with an active community keeping up with the latest language developments across Ireland. IRAAL is affiliated with the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA) and pursues its aim of supporting research by organising seminars, lectures, conferences and workshops. IRAAL publishes Teanga, an annual journal, as well as other special volumes.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989
Switzerland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 with the song "Viver senza tei", written by Marie Louise Werth, and performed by Furbaz. The Swiss participating broadcaster, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR), selected its entry through a national final. In addition, Télévision suisse romande (TSR), on behalf of the SRG SSR, was the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Palais de Beaulieu in Lausanne, after their win at the previous edition with the song "Ne partez pas sans moi" by Céline Dion. This was the first-ever entry performed in Romansh in the Eurovision Song Contest.

Ne partez pas sans moi
"Ne partez pas sans moi" (French: [nə paʁte pɑ sɑ̃ mwa]; "Don't Leave Without Me") is a song recorded by Canadian singer Celine Dion with music composed by Atilla Şereftuğ and lyrics by Nella Martinetti. It represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1988, held in Dublin, winning the contest, being to date the last French-language song to win.

"Ne partez pas sans moi" was released as a single in selected countries in Europe in May 1988. It topped the chart in Belgium for four consecutive weeks and reached number 11 in Switzerland. In France, it peaked at number 36.
Pavlos Vlachos
Pavlos P. Vlachos is a Greek-American engineer, scientist, academic, and entrepreneur. He is professor in Purdue's School of Mechanical Engineering and in the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, and the St. Vincent Health Professor of Healthcare Engineering. He serves as the Director for the Purdue Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering (RCHE).

Vlachos's research spans the fields of fluid mechanics, biomedical engineering, and measurement sciences. His research addresses translational and clinical research leading to technologies that reach medical practice, and measurement and data science in physical systems.

Vlachos is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).

Healthcare engineering
In its succinct definition, healthcare engineering is "engineering involved in all aspects of healthcare". The term engineering in this definition covers all engineering disciplines such as biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, environmental, hospital architecture, industrial, information, materials, mechanical, software, and systems engineering.

Based on the definition of healthcare, a more elaborated definition is: "Healthcare engineering is engineering involved in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness, as well as the preservation and improvement of physical and mental health and well-being, through the services offered to humans by the medical and allied health professions".
Tashsu
Tashsu (Tatar: Ташсу, romanized: Taşsu; Russian: Ташсу) is a rural locality (a village) in Vysokogorsky District, Tatarstan, Russia. The population was 101 as of 2010.
Tashsu is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Vysokaya Gora, the district's administrative centre, and 57 kilometres (35 mi) north of Kazan, the republic's capital, by road.

The earliest known record of the settlement dates from the 17th century. Its name derived from words taş (stone) and su (water). It forms part of the district since 1965.

There are three streets in the village.

The village is the birthplace of Sadri Maqsudi, a politician, and his brother Äxmäthadi Maqsudi, a linguist and journalist.

Vysokogorsky District
Vysokogorsky District (Russian: Высокого́рский райо́н; Tatar: Биектау районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the village of Vysokaya Gora. The district population at the beginning of 2020 was 51,567.

The first settlements on the territory of the modern Vysokogorsky district date back to the 12th century and were initially subjects of Volga Bulgaria. The remains of some of these settlements survive to the present day and are sites of cultural heritage in the Republic.

Industrial and agricultural complexes are well developed in the district with three industrial sites having already been created. Another industrial park is planned to be put into operation in 2021.
W. Herbert Dunton
William Herbert "Buck" Dunton (August 28, 1878 – March 18, 1936) was an American artist and a founding member of the Taos Society of Artists. He is noted for paintings of cowboys, New Mexico, and the American Southwest.

Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Art competitions were held as part of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.

Art competitions were part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1948, but were discontinued due to concerns about amateurism and professionalism.  Since 1952, a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each game.
McConchie
McConchie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cole McConchie (born 1992), New Zealand cricketer

Dan McConchie, American politician

Jack McConchie (1910–1998), Australian rules footballer

Lorna McConchie (1914–2001), Australian netball player, coach and sports administrator

Lyn McConchie (born 1946), New Zealand writer

Lyn McConchie
Lyn McConchie (born 1946) is a New Zealand writer of speculative fiction (science fiction, fantasy, and horror fiction), picture books for children, a nonfiction humour series, a number of standalone books and many short stories, articles, poems, opinion pieces, and reviews.
Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé
The arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé is an arrondissement of France in the Haut-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. It has 98 communes. Its population is 211,178 (2021), and its area is 1,247.9 km2 (481.8 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Japanese language education in the United States
Japanese language education in the United States began in the late 19th century, aimed mainly at Japanese American children and conducted by parents and community institutions. Over the course of the next century, it would slowly expand to include non-Japanese as well as native speakers (mainly children of Japanese expatriates being educated in international schools). A 2012 survey of foreign-language learners by the Japan Foundation found 4,270 teachers teaching the Japanese language to 155,939 students at 1,449 different institutions, an increase of 10.4% in the number of students since the 2009 survey. The quality and focus of dialogues in Japanese textbooks meant for English-speakers has changed since the 1970s. As of 2024, according to the Japan Foundation, 134,096 people were learning Japanese in United States.

Farrington v. Tokushige
Farrington v. Tokushige, 273 U.S. 284 (1927), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously struck down the Territory of Hawaii's law, making it illegal for schools to teach foreign languages without a permit, as it violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Violation of the due process clause under the Fourteenth Amendment was not considered as Hawaii was a territory of the United States at the time.
Hermite distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Hermite distribution, named after Charles Hermite, is a discrete probability distribution used to model count data with more than one parameter. This distribution is flexible in terms of its ability to allow a moderate over-dispersion in the data.

The authors C. D. Kemp and A. W. Kemp  have called it "Hermite distribution" from the fact its probability function and the moment generating function can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of (modified) Hermite polynomials.

Probability-generating function
In probability theory, the probability generating function of a discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable.  Probability generating functions are often employed for their succinct description of the sequence of probabilities Pr(X = i) in the probability mass function for a random variable X, and to make available the well-developed theory of power series with non-negative coefficients.
6th New York Cavalry Regiment
The 6th New York Cavalry Regiment, also known as the 6th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry and nicknamed the "2nd Ira Harris Guards", was a cavalry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The majority of its fighting was in Virginia as part of the Army of the Potomac.

Battle of Yellow Tavern
The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought on May 11, 1864, as part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was detached from Grant's Army of the Potomac to conduct a raid on Richmond, Virginia, and challenged Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The Confederates were outnumbered, and Stuart was mortally wounded.
The Boyé Multi-National Crusade for Harmony
The Boyé Multi-National Crusade for Harmony is a seven-disc box set album of music by saxophonist and composer Julius Hemphill. Drawn from previously unissued recordings found in the Julius Hemphill Archive at the Fales Library of New York University, and compiled by Marty Ehrlich, the album presents Hemphill in a variety of mostly live solo and group contexts recorded over a period of thirty years, beginning in 1977, and also includes a disc on which he conducts his compositions. The album was released on CD by New World Records in 2021, and each of the discs is also available as a digital download.

Fales Library
New York University's Fales Library and Special Collections is located on the third floor of the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library at 70 Washington Square South (off of Washington Square Park) between LaGuardia Place and the Schwartz Plaza, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It houses nearly 200,000 volumes, and 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of archive and manuscript materials. It contains the Fales Collection of Rare Books and manuscripts in English and American literature, the Downtown Collection, the Food and Cookery Collection, and the general Special Collections from the NYU Libraries.
AM-938
AM-938 (part of the AM cannabinoid series)  is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid receptor agonist. It is a derivative of HU-210 which has been substituted with a 6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl) group. This adds a "southern" aliphatic hydroxyl group to the molecule as seen in the CP-series of nonclassical cannabinoid drugs, and so AM-938 represents a hybrid structure between the classical and nonclassical cannabinoid families, with the 6-hydroxyalkyl chain rigidified with a triple bond. This gives AM-938 a greater degree of selectivity, so while it is still a potent agonist at both CB1 and CB2, it is reasonably selective for CB2, with a Ki of 0.3 nM at CB2 and 1.2 nM at CB1, a selectivity of around four-fold.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Department of Education (Federated States of Micronesia)
Federated States of Micronesia Department of Education (FSM NDOE or FSMED) is the national education department of the Federated States of Micronesia. It is headquartered in Palikir, Pohnpei, Pohnpei State.

Palikir
Palikir (/ˈpælɪkɪər/) is the capital city of the Federated States of Micronesia located in the western Pacific Ocean. A town of slightly under 5,000 residents, it is part of the larger Sokehs municipality, which had a population of 6,964 as of 2024, out of the nation's total population of 106,487. It is situated on the northwest side of Pohnpei island (population 34,789), a high volcanic island surrounded by a fringing coral reef. Nearby to the northeast is the island's largest settlement, the coastal town of Kolonia. It was declared the capital of Micronesia in 1989.
Hotel Praha
Hotel Praha was a luxury hotel located in the Dejvice neighborhood of Prague, Czech Republic. Built in 1981, the hotel was used by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, mostly officials and their guests, until 1989, when it opened to the public. It was demolished in 2014 after being purchased by billionaire Petr Kellner.

Dejvice
Dejvice is a historical community, a municipal quarter of the Prague 6 district of Prague, Czech Republic. Its history can be traced back to the late Roman era.  Dejvice is known for its appeal to the upper middle class, foreign diplomatic corps and as a university district. It is also the home to Dukla Prague, one of the most successful football clubs of the Czechoslovak era.
Jewish cemetery, Mariupol
The Mariupol Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine. Located in Mariupol, the Jewish necropolis was established in 1832 and closed 1970.

The cemetery is filled with monuments dedicated to notable personas such as commerciants, economists and others. Many of the markers are simple, others are elaborately carved and richly decorated. Large mausoleums appear in styles ranging from Egyptian revival to Art Deco.

Egyptian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798, and Admiral Nelson's defeat of the French Navy at the Battle of the Nile later that year. Napoleon took a scientific expedition with him to Egypt. Publication of the expedition's work, the Description de l'Égypte, began in 1809 and was published as a series through 1826. The size and monumentality of the façades discovered during his adventure cemented the hold of Egyptian aesthetics on the Parisian elite. However, works of art and architecture (such as funerary monuments) in the Egyptian style had been made or built occasionally on the European continent since the time of the Renaissance.
Banggai jungle flycatcher
The Banggai jungle flycatcher (Cyornis pelingensis) is a species of passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
It is endemic to Peleng in Indonesia where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Compton Limestone
The Compton Limestone is a geologic formation in southwest Missouri. It preserves brachiopod and echinoderm fossils of the Mississippian subperiod. The Compton rests unconformably on the Cotter Dolomite of Ordovician age. The Compton was named for the community of Compton, Missouri, as the type sections were described for outcrops along the James River and its tributary the Compton Branch.

Stratotype
In geology, a stratotype or type section is the physical location or outcrop of a particular reference exposure of a stratigraphic sequence or stratigraphic boundary. If the stratigraphic unit is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

It can also be defined as "The particular sequence of strata chosen as standard of reference of a layered stratigraphic unit."

When a stratigraphic unit is nowhere fully exposed, the original type section may be supplemented with reference sections covering the full thickness of the unit. A reference section may also be defined when the original type section is poorly exposed, or for historical units which were designated without specifying a type section according to more modern standards.
Meir Kahana
Meir Kahana (Hebrew: מאיר כהנא) is an Av Beit Din in the rabbinical court of Ashkelon. He serves as Chairman of the Rabbinical Judges Union and delivers Torah lectures at Yerucham Hesder Yeshiva. On June 4, 2023, he was elected as the Religious Zionism candidate for the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.

Yeshivat HaHesder Yerucham
Yeshivat Hesder Yerucham (Hebrew: ישיבת הסדר ירוחם) is a hesder yeshiva located in the development town of Yeruham, Israel. It was founded in 1993 and currently there are over 220 students. It is known for its high level of Gemara learning.
Kaji Man Samsohang
Kaji Man Samsohang was a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He contested the Taplejung-1 constituency in the 1994 legislative election, coming in second place with 9822 votes. He was defeated by Mani Lama.

Taplejung District
Taplejung District (Nepali: ताप्लेजुङ जिल्ला ({{Sherpa|xsr||རྟ་བླ་རྫོང Listenⓘ) is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal and one of the 14 districts of Koshi Province. It is located deep in the Himalayas in Eastern Nepal with བོད to the north across the Himalayas. Taplejung is the third largest district (by area) of Nepal.

The district covers an area of 3,646 square kilometres (1,408 sq mi) and has a total population (2011 Nepal census) of 127,461. The district is surrounded by Tibet in the north, Sankhuwasabha District in the west, Tehrathum District and Panchthar District in the south and Sikkim (India) in the east. Geographically, the district is located at a latitude of 27º 06' to 27º 55'N and a longitude of 87º57' to 88°12' E.
Lovetone
Lovetone was a manufacturer of analog effect pedals in England in the 1990s and 2000s.
The effects were created by Vlad Naslas and Daniel Coggins, and their pedals were noted for their tongue-in-cheek names like the "Big Cheese" and the "Ring Stinger".

Most Lovetone effects replicate a popular vintage analog effect in part, but usually implement the effect in ways not previously seen in smaller so-called "stompbox" effects units.  Many Lovetone units are noted for the ability to control multiple parameters of the effect through the use of low frequency oscillators (LFOs), expression pedals, or control voltage (CV)—features more commonly found in analog synthesizers and synthesizer modules.

Analog signal
An analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any signal, typically a continuous-time signal, representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies in a manner analogous to the pressure of the sound waves.

In contrast, a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence of quantized numeric values, typically but not necessarily in the form of a binary value. Digital sampling imposes some bandwidth and dynamic range constraints on the representation and adds quantization noise.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey or be considered analog signals.
Tyler Stableford
Tyler Stableford is an American commercial director, cinematographer, and photographer, best known for filming outdoor-lifestyle brand anthems and shooting adventure sports images. He is the owner of Tyler Stableford Productions in Carbondale, Colorado.

In 2007, Men's Journal named Stableford one of the "World's Seven Greatest Adventure Photographers."

Since 2008, Stableford has been one of Canon's "Explorers of Light." As a photography and cinematography ambassador for the company, he has taught workshops and seminars at various trade shows around the world and shot promotional film and photos for Canon's product campaigns.

Stableford has won numerous prizes as a commercial director, including nine Telly Awards (Cabela's, 2014 & 2015; Walls Outdoor Wear, 2017; and Cinch Western Wear, 2016 & 2017).

Carbondale, Colorado
The Town of Carbondale is a home rule municipality located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 6,434 at the 2020 United States census. Carbondale is a part of the Rifle, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town is located in the Roaring Fork Valley, downstream from Aspen and upstream from the mouth of the Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs. The town proper sits on the south bank of the river, near its confluence with the Crystal River. Carbondale's horizon is dominated by the 12,953 ft (3,952 m) tall Mount Sopris several miles to the south of town. Carbondale is the northern terminus of the West Elk Loop Scenic and Historic Byway.