hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chow Kai Wing
Chow Kai Wing (Traditional Chinese: 周佳榮; born 1947) is a Professor and the Head of Department of History in Hong Kong Baptist University.

Chow attended the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hiroshima University, Osaka University of Foreign Studies and he gained a PhD at University of Hong Kong. Chow is a historian in Hong Kong and his research interests are focused on the modernization of East Asian Countries (China, Japan and Korea); Sino-Japanese relations; Intellectual History of Modern China.

Chow should not be confused with Chow Kai Wing of University of Illinois, who is also a historian.

Osaka University of Foreign Studies
Osaka University of Foreign Studies (大阪外国語大学, Ōsaka gaikokugo daigaku), abbreviated to OUFS or Ōsaka Gaidai (大阪外大), Hangaidai (阪外大), Hangai (阪外) or Daigaidai (大外大), was one of Japan's only two national universities specialized in foreign studies, along with Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. It was dedicated to area studies and the study of foreign languages and their related cultures. In October 2007, OUFS was consolidated with the University of Osaka to become the University of Osaka School of Foreign Studies.
USS PC-598
The USS PC-598 was a 173ft (approx. 54m) metal hulled PC-461-class submarine chaser in the United States Navy. The submarine chaser fought in the Pacific Theatre during World War II, and was converted to an amphibious landing control vessel during the war, reclassified as a Patrol Craft-Control (PCC). It participated in six amphibious invasions as a control vessel during the war.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
2011 Central American and Caribbean Age Group Championships in Athletics
The Central American and Caribbean Age Group Championships in Athletics was hosted for the first time in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, on July 1–2, 2011.  The BVI Athletics Association is organizing the event which is part of its 40th anniversary activities.  It is
the smallest CACAC family member to host a CACAC Championships event, which is held for the first time in the Leeward Islands.

15 new championships records were established, and the athletes from Barbados collected the most points to win the overall trophy in the CAC age group championships for the third time in the role.

Tortola
Tortola (/tɔːrˈtoʊlə/) is the largest and most populated island of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands that form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. It has a surface area of 55.7 square kilometres (21.5 square miles) with a total population of 23,908, with 9,400 residents in Road Town. Mount Sage is its highest point at 530 metres (1,740 feet) above sea level.

Although the British Virgin Islands (BVI) are under the British flag, it uses the U.S. dollar as its official currency due to its proximity to and frequent trade with the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The island is home to many offshore companies that do business worldwide. Financial services are a major part of the country's economy.

On 6 September 2017, the British Virgin Islands were extensively damaged by Hurricane Irma. The most severe destruction was on Tortola. News reports over the next day or two described the situation as "devastation".
Minuccio Minucci
Minuccio Minucci (1551–1604) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest who was the archbishop of Zadar.

Born in Serravalle on 17 January 1551, Minuccio studied canon law in Padua. He served as secretary to the papal nuncio to Innsbruck, Salzburg and Munich in 1573, and in 1582 attended the Diet of Augsburg as secretary to the prince-bishop of Trent, cardinal Ludovico Madruzzo.

Minucci was named archbishop of Zadar (at the time a territory of the Republic of Venice, now in Croatia) on 7 February 1596 and was consecrated on 10 March.

He died on 7 March 1604 during a visit to Munich, and was buried in St. Michael's Church, Munich.

Amongst other things, he is known as the author of a History of the Uskoks.

Prince-Bishopric of Trent
The Prince-Bishopric of Trent (Latin: Episcopatus ac Principatus Tridentinus; German: Hochstift Trient, Fürstbistum Trient, Bistum Trient) was an ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino. It was created in 1027 and existed until 1803, when it was secularised and absorbed into the County of Tyrol held by the House of Habsburg. Trent was a Hochstift, an Imperial State under the authority of a prince-bishop at Trento.
Ellidde Illi Tanaka
Ellidde Illi Tanaka is a 2019 Indian Kannada language action romance film, written by Arun Ramadass and  directed by Tejaswi making his debut. It is produced by Srujan Lokesh under his banner Lokesh Productions. The film is starring Hariprriya and Srujan Lokesh in the lead role  while Tara, Sadhu Kokila and Girija Lokesh in the other supporting roles. The music for the film is scored by Arjun Janya. The cinematography and editing is done by H.C.Venu

Avinash Yelandur
Yelandur Narayan Ravindra (born 22 December 1959), known mononymously by his stage name Avinash, is an Indian actor who appears predominantly in Kannada and Tamil films. He has been working in films for more than three decades. Known for his authentic portrayal of complex characters and versatility, Avinash is one of the most sought after actors for supporting roles.
Francis Hughes
Francis Joseph Sean Hughes (28 February 1956 – 12 May 1981) was a volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) from Bellaghy, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Hughes was the most wanted man in Northern Ireland until his arrest following a shoot-out with the British Army in which a British soldier was killed. At his trial, he was sentenced to a total of 83 years' imprisonment; he died during the 1981 Irish hunger strike in HM Prison Maze. Hughes was one of 22 Irish republicans who died on hunger-strike between 1917 and 1981.

Volunteer (Irish republican)
A volunteer is a member of various Irish republican paramilitary organisations. Among these have been the various forms of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), and the Irish People's Liberation Organization (IPLO). Óglach is the equivalent title in the Irish language.
Arachnacris corporalis
Arachnacris corporalis, the giant Malaysian katydid, giant long-legged katydid or giant katydid (not to be confused with Stilpnochlora couloniana, a species native to the United States), is a large species of bush cricket or katydid that is native to Malaysia. It is the largest species of katydid in the world.

Stilpnochlora couloniana
Stilpnochlora couloniana is a species of phaneropterine katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, native to southeastern United States (Florida and Georgia; the only Steirodontini in the US), the Bahamas and Cuba. It is known as the giant katydid (a name also used for some other species) and it is the largest katydid in the United States, with an average length of 6.6 cm (2.6 in) in adult males and 7.8 cm (3.1 in) in adult females. Individuals from Cuba tend to grow 5–10% larger than those from the United States. They are sometimes kept as pets.
1972 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The football (soccer) Campeonato Brasileiro Série B 1972, the second level of Brazilian National League, was played from September 10 to December 17, 1972. The competition had 23 clubs. All of the participating clubs were from the Northeast region.

Sampaio Corrêa beat Campinense on the finals, and was declared 1972 Brazilian Série B champions. The relegation and promotion system had not been implemented yet, so no clubs were promoted. As the First division of the championship began to grow in number of clubs, this edition of the second division was the last one until 1980.

Campinense Clube
Campinense Clube, commonly referred to as Campinense, is a Brazilian professional club based in Campina Grande, Paraíba founded on 12 April 1915. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraibano, the top flight of the Paraíba state football league.

Campinense is currently ranked third among Paraíba teams in CBF's national club ranking, at 72nd place overall.
Sven Höglund
Sven Gustaf Alvar Höglund (23 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was a Swedish cyclist who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He finished eighth in the individual road race and won a bronze medal with the Swedish team. He won the team road race at the Swedish championships of 1935 and 1936 and at the 1933 Nordic Championship, where he finished second individually.

Höglund was born in Vendel (in present-day Tierp Municipality), represented Hammarby IF, and died in Upplands Väsby.

Vendel
Vendel is a village at Tierp Municipality in Uppland, Sweden.
The village overlooks Vendelsjön, a long inland stretch of water near the Vendel river which has its confluence with the river Fyris.  Vendel was the site of an ancient royal estate, part of Uppsala öd, a network of royal estates meant to provide income for the medieval Swedish kings. A large number of archaeological finds have been found here, which have given their name to the Vendel Period.

Vendel Church (Vendels kyrka) was probably begun to be built in Romanesque style during the latter half of the 13th century. Around 1450, the church was vaulted with brick vaults. The church is most noted for its murals by Johannes Iwan who worked in Uppland during the 15th century.
2014 Brasil Open Grand Prix
The 2014 Brasil Open Grand Prix was the eleventh grand prix badminton tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Gymnasium of Comissão de Desporto da Aeronáutica (CDA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 5 until 10 August 2014 and had a total purse of $50,000. This tournament organized by Confederação Brasileira de Badminton (CBBd), and sanctioned from the BWF. The sponsor of this tournament was the Brazilian Air Force,  and Yonex. 130 players from 27 countries competed at this tournament.

Sattawat Pongnairat
Sattawat Pongnairat (Thai: ศตวรรษ พงษ์นัยรัตน์; RTGS: Sattawat Phongnairat; born May 8, 1990) is an American badminton player who competed at 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He trained at the Orange County Badminton club, and in 2015, he won a gold medal in men's doubles  with teammate Phillip Chew at the Pan American Games.
Frédérique Matla
Frédérique Matla (born 28 December 1996) is a Dutch professional field hockey player who plays for the Netherlands women's national field hockey team.

At the 2016 Junior World Cup, Matla was part of the Netherlands under-21 national team that finished second, and she finished as top scorer for the tournament, with 12 goals.

She was also part of the 2020 Tokyo and 2024 Paris women's field hockey Olympic champion team.

Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 12th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympics. It took place from 27 July to 9 August 2024. All games were played at the Stade Yves-du-Manoir in Paris, France.

The Netherlands took home gold after a finals victory over China on penalties, following a 1-1 draw in the regulation time, for their fifth title, while Argentina took the bronze medal.
VMM-774
Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 774 (VMM-774) is a United States Marine Corps medium tiltrotor squadron consisting of V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft. The squadron, known as the "Wild Goose", is a United States Marine Corps Reserve unit based at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 49 (MAG-49) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW).

With the deactivation of training squadron HMMT-164 and re-designation as VMM-164 on 9 April 2015, HMM-774 was the last dedicated CH-46E squadron in the Marine Corps; itself transitioning to the MV-22B Osprey and re-designating as VMM-774 in January of 2016.

VMM-164
Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 164 (VMM-164), is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron operating the MV-22B Osprey. Known as the Knightriders, they fall under the command Marine Aircraft Group 39 (MAG-39) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW). They are based at Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton.
Ambla
Ambla (German: Ampel) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Järva County, in Järva Parish, in central Estonia. It was the administrative centre of Ambla Parish. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 299.

Järva County
Järva County (Estonian: Järva maakond or Järvamaa; German: Jerwen; Latin: Jervia) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the central part of the country, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the southeast, Viljandi County to the south, Pärnu County to the southwest, Rapla County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022, Järva County had a population of 29,693, constituting 2.7% of the total population in Estonia.
Amphictis
Amphictis is an extinct genus of ailurids that existed from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene with fossils found in Eurasia and North America with a total of nine described species. The interrelationships of the different species as well as their relationship to the other ailurids is not fully understood. Usually Amphictis is classified in the basal monotypic subfamily Amphictinae, but there is no certainty as the genus could potentially be a paraphyletic with the Oligocene species A. borbonica being a potential sister taxon to the ancestor of the subfamily Ailurinae (today consisting just the red panda), while a Middle Miocene clade consisting of an anagenesis line from A. prolongata–to–A. wintershofensis–to–A. cuspida being closer to the ancestry of the now extinct Simocyoninae (with A. wintershofensis being the sister taxon to the clade). This is due to the nature of their plesiomorphic nature of their anatomy.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Mukojima Islands
27°40′00″N 142°07′59″E﻿ / ﻿27.66667°N 142.13306°E﻿ / 27.66667; 142.13306

The Mukojima Islands (聟島列島 Muko-jima Rettō) – formerly known as the Parry Group – are a group of uninhabited small islands with a collective land area of 586 ha. They lie some 900–1,100 km south of Tokyo in the Bonin Islands group of the Nanpō Archipelago of Japan. Islands in the group include Kitanojima, Mukojima, Nakōdo-jima, Yomejima, Maejima, with some other smaller islets. Mukojima, at 257 ha, is the largest in area, while Nakōdo-jima is the highest at 155 m. Their original forests have been severely reduced or damaged by browsing by feral goats, followed by erosion.

Ogasawara subtropical moist forests
The Ogasawara subtropical moist forests is a terrestrial ecoregion which encompasses the Ogasawara Archipelago of Japan. The Ogasawara Archipelago lies in the Pacific Ocean south of Honshu, Japan's largest island, and north of the Marianas Islands. The ecoregion includes the Bonin Islands and Volcano Islands chains. The islands are volcanic in origin, and have never been linked to a continent. They are home to distinct plants and animals including many endemic species.

The islands also constitute a distinct freshwater ecoregion (Ogasarawa Islands - Kazan Archipelago).
Bambos Charalambous
Charalambos "Bambos" Charalambous (born 1967) is a British Labour politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southgate and Wood Green, previously Enfield Southgate, since 2017. While in opposition he held a series of shadow ministry posts. He was suspended from the Labour Party during an investigation into a complaint against him between June 2023 and April 2024, but the complaint was not upheld.

Charalambous grew up in North London and trained and worked as a solicitor. Before entering national politics, he served as a member of Enfield Council for 24 years.

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island was the upper house of the General Assembly of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.  It existed from 1773 to 1893. Members were appointed by the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island on the advice of the premier until 1862 when it became an elected body, elected by property owners.

In 1893, PEI became unicameral. The Legislative Council and House of Assembly were amalgamated into the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, a single body with an "assemblyman" and a "councillor" elected from each electoral district.

Premier of Prince Edward Island
The premier of Prince Edward Island is the first minister to the lieutenant governor of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island and presides over the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island. Following the Westminster system, the premier is normally the leader of the political party which has the most seats in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island who is called upon by the lieutenant governor to form a government. As the province's head of government, the premier exercises considerable power.

The current premier of Prince Edward Island is Rob Lantz, from the Progressive Conservative Party.
Battle of Shimonoseki Straits
The Battle of Shimonoseki Straits (Japanese: 下関海戦, romanized: Shimonoseki Kaisen) was a naval engagement fought on July 16, 1863, by the United States Navy warship USS Wyoming against the powerful daimyō (feudal lord) Mōri Takachika of the Chōshū clan based in Shimonoseki.

USS Wyoming, under Captain David McDougal, sailed into the strait and single-handedly engaged the US-built but poorly manned Japanese fleet. Engaged for almost two hours before withdrawing, McDougal sank two enemy vessels, severely damaged the other one, and inflicted some forty Japanese casualties. Wyoming suffered considerable damage with four crew dead and seven wounded.

The battle was a prelude to the larger-scale 1863 and 1864 Shimonoseki campaign by allied foreign powers. It took place among the troubled events of the Late Tokugawa shogunate from 1854 to 1868, associated with the opening of Japan to the European and American powers.

Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関市, Hepburn: Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of  248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 716.18 square kilometres (276.52 sq mi). It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the 'home of Fugu' for the locally caught and cooked pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
Mount Allison Mounties
The Mount Allison Mounties are the varsity athletic teams that represent Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.

The Mounties sports teams play their matches at Alumni Field which seats 2,500.

Sackville, New Brunswick
Sackville is a former town in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It held town status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Tantramar.

Sackville is home to Mount Allison University, a primarily undergraduate liberal arts university. The university welcomes roughly 2200 students per academic year. Historically based on agriculture, shipbuilding, and manufacturing, the economy is now driven by the university and tourism. Initially part of the French colony of Acadia, the settlement became part of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1755 following the Expulsion of the Acadians.
Landenberg Castle
Landenberg Castle is a ruined castle atop a hill in the municipality of Sarnen in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland.  In the 18th century an armory and firing range were built on the site.  The Landenberg Armory is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.  The ruins of the castle was the meeting place of the Landsgemeinde or Cantonal assembly for over three centuries.

Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance (German: Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung; French: Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale; Italian: Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale) is a register of cultural property in Switzerland. It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property.
Laura Drake Gill
Laura Drake Gill (August 24, 1860 – February 3, 1926) was an American educator. She was the third dean of Barnard College, serving in that role from 1901 to 1907, and president of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae.

American Association of University Women
The American Association of University Women (AAUW) is an American non-profit organization that advances equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, and research. The organization has a nationwide network of 170,000 members and supporters, 1,000 local branches, and 800 college and university partners. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. AAUW's CEO is Gloria L. Blackwell.
Gärtner (crater)
Gärtner is the lava-flooded remnant of a crater in the northeast part of the Moon. It is located on the northern edge of the Mare Frigoris. The southern half of the formation is completely missing, and Gärtner forms a semi-circular basin along the edges of the lunar mare. To the north lies the crater Democritus.

The surviving parts of the crater rim are heavily worn and eroded, with notches and indentations formed by past impacts. The floor has a few low rises in the northern half. A rille designated Rima Gärtner runs from the midpoint of the crater toward the northeast rim, for a total length of about 30 kilometers. The bowl-shaped craterlet Gärtner D is located near the midpoint between the two ends of the crater rim.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.