hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pak'nSave
Pak'nSave (stylised as PAK'nSAVE) is a New Zealand discount food supermarket warehouse chain owned by the Foodstuffs cooperative. It is one of the three main supermarket chains in New Zealand, alongside Woolworths New Zealand and New World (the latter is also owned by Foodstuffs). There is a total of 58 Pak'nSave stores throughout the country.

Pak'nSave stores are large and have a no frills environment, often with unlined interiors and concrete floors.

GPT-3
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020.

Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which supersedes recurrence and convolution-based architectures with a technique known as "attention". This attention mechanism allows the model to focus selectively on segments of input text it predicts to be most relevant. GPT-3 has 175 billion parameters, each with 16-bit precision, requiring 350GB of storage since each parameter occupies 2 bytes. It has a context window size of 2,048 tokens,: 43  and has demonstrated strong "zero-shot" and "few-shot" learning abilities on many tasks.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had licensed GPT-3 exclusively. Others can still receive output from its public API, but only Microsoft has access to the underlying model.
Kesou Khagba
Kesou Khagba was the Representative of the President of Abkhazia in Ukraine from 1992 to 1995. From 1995 to 1999, Khagba was Minister of Culture and from 2000 to 2004, a Deputy of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. He co-founded the newspaper Novy Den. Khagba was born in 1950 in the village Duripsh in Gudauta District.

Gudauta District
Gudauta District is a district of Abkhazia, Georgia's breakaway republic. It corresponds to the eponymous Georgian district. Its capital is Gudauta, the town by the same name. The population of the district was 34,869 at the time of the 2003 census, down from 57,334 in 1989. By the time of the 2011 Census, the population had increased to 36,775.
Governance of Andreas Papandreou
The governance of Andreas Papandreou during his terms as Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989 and 1993–1996) is characterized by a populist approach and rooted in personal authority rather than institutional strength.

His administrations prioritized party loyalty over expertise, reinforcing a newly adopted centralized patronage system that distributed public sector jobs to political supporters. Papandreou employed populist rhetoric to galvanize his base, often intensifying political polarization at the expense of democratic norms. However, the weaknesses inherent in his leadership approach led to recurring government inefficiencies, frequent cabinet reshuffles, and corruption scandals that led to early economic and social failures.

Cabinet reshuffle
A cabinet reshuffle or shuffle occurs when a head of government rotates or changes the composition of ministers in their cabinet, or when the head of state changes the head of government and a number of ministers. They are more common in parliamentary systems than in systems where cabinet heads must be confirmed by a separate legislative body, and occur frequently in autocratic systems.

A shadow cabinet reshuffle may take place to change positions in a shadow cabinet.
Craibia
Craibia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It contains nine species native to sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Liberia east to the Horn of Africa and south to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Craibia was named for William Grant Craib (1882–1933), a British botanist who was an Assistant for India at Kew and a professor at Aberdeen University, the author of Contributions to the Flora of Siam (1912) and Florae siamensis enumeratio (1925). The genus Craibia was published in 1911 by British botanist Stephen Troyte Dunn.

Stephen Troyte Dunn
Stephen Troyte Dunn (26 August 1868, Bristol - 18 April, 1938, Sheen, Surrey, England) was a British botanist. He described and systematized a significant number of plants around the world, his input most noticeable in the taxonomy of the flora of China. Among the plants he first scientifically described was Bauhinia blakeana, now the national flower of Hong Kong.
Ammannia gracilis
Ammannia gracilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lythraceae. It is native to Africa.

This aquatic plant has a branching, prostrate stem that roots at the nodes. The blunt-tipped, lance-shaped leaves are roughly a centimeter long. The small flowers have four purple petals and either 4 or 8 stamens. The flowers occur in small clusters.

Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 28 genera and about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.  The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the members of the former families of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.

The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae.  The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.
Stan Woodell
Stan Woodell (1928 – 24 April 2004) was a British botanist.

Stanley Reginald John Woodell was born in Shepherd's Bush, London.

He obtained a degree in Botany from Durham University. An undergraduate at Hatfield College, Woodell was a member of the Durham University Exploration Society. He studied the pollination biology of the genus Primula for his PhD at the same university.

Primula
Primula (/ˈprɪmjʊlə/) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose (P. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers. They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in the case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America. Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas.

Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription.
Kia ora
Kia ora (Māori pronunciation: [kiˈaɔɾa], approximated in English as /ˌkiː ˈɔːrə/ kee OR-ə or /ˈkjɔːrə/ KYOR-ə) is a Māori-language greeting which has entered New Zealand English. It translates literally as "have life" or "be healthy", wishing the essence of life upon someone, from one speaker to the other. It is used as an informal greeting or farewell equivalent to "hi", "hello", or "goodbye" and can be used as an expression of thanks similar to "cheers". As a greeting of local origin, it is comparable to the term "g'day" (used in Australian and New Zealand English).

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
The Ministry for Culture and Heritage (MCH; Māori: Manatū Taonga) is the department of the New Zealand Government responsible for supporting the arts, culture, built heritage, sport and recreation, and broadcasting sectors in New Zealand and advising government on such.
Elk Fork (Point Pleasant Creek tributary)
The Elk Fork is a tributary of Point Pleasant Creek, 14.8 miles (23.8 km) long, in northwestern West Virginia in the United States.  Via Point Pleasant Creek, Middle Island Creek, and the Ohio River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 21.1 square miles (55 km2) in a rural region on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.

The Elk Fork's entire course and watershed are in Tyler County.  It rises approximately 0.7 miles (1.1 km) northeast of Link, and flows generally west-northwestward through the northern part of the county, through the unincorporated communities of Conaway, Iuka, Lonetree, and Polard.  It flows into Point Pleasant Creek from the east near the community of Kidwell.

Tyler County, West Virginia
Tyler County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,313. Its county seat is Middlebourne. The county was founded in 1814 and is named after John Tyler, Sr., father of President John Tyler.
Aidan Ryan (Cork hurler)
Aidan Ryan (born 4 February 1986) is an Irish sportsman. He plays hurling with his local club Midleton and has been a member of the Cork senior team since 2009, when he was called up due to the 2008-2009 Cork players strike. Ryan also played under 21 for Cork during the 2006 and 2007 season

Midleton GAA
Midleton Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Midleton, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the East Cork Board and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but also fields teams in Gaelic football.
Herkenrode Abbey
Herkenrode Abbey (Limburgish: Abdij van Herkenrode) was a Catholic monastery of Cistercian nuns located in Kuringen, part of the municipality of Hasselt, which lies in the province of Limburg, Belgium.

Since 1972 some of the surviving buildings have served as the home of a community of the Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre, who have since built a new retreat center and church on the site.

In 1974 the buildings and the surrounding estate were designated and since then protected as a national historical monument and landscape.

Kuringen
Kuringen (Dutch: [ˈkyːrɪŋə(n)]; French: Curange [kyʁɑ̃ʒ]) is a sub-municipality of the city of Hasselt located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. In 1971, Stokrooie was merged into Kuringen. On 1 January 1977, Kuringen was merged into Hasselt.
Winsted Citizen
The Winsted Citizen is a broadsheet newspaper published monthly in Winsted, Connecticut, United States. It was founded with financial assistance from politician and Winsted resident Ralph Nader. The paper printed its first issue in February 2023. The Winsted Citizen was originally overseen by the nonprofit Connecticut News Consortium until it was sold in November 2023 to American Business Media LLC.

Winsted, Connecticut
Winsted is a census-designated place and an incorporated city in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the town of Winchester. The population of Winsted was 7,192 at the 2020 census, a decrease from 7,712 at the 2010 census. It comprises the majority of the town of Winchester's 10,224 population. Winsted is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Pauperism
Pauperism (from Latin  pauper 'poor'; Welsh: tlotyn) is the condition of being a "pauper", i.e. receiving relief administered under the Irish and English Poor Laws. From this, pauperism can also be more generally the state of being supported at public expense, within or outside of almshouses, and still more generally, of dependence for any considerable period on charitable assistance, public or private. In this sense, pauperism is to be distinguished from general poverty or the state of being a poor, although the two concepts overlap.

Irish poor laws
The Irish poor laws were a series of acts of Parliament intended to address social instability due to widespread and persistent poverty in Ireland. While some legislation had been introduced by the pre-Union Parliament of Ireland prior to the Act of Union, the most radical and comprehensive attempt was the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 56), closely modelled on the English Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. In England, this replaced Elizabethan era legislation which had no equivalent in Ireland.
CRISPR RNA
CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements, like viruses, plasmids, and transposons. The CRISPR locus contains a series of repeats interspaced with unique spacers. These unique spacers can be acquired from MGEs.

Pre-crRNA is formed after the transcription of the CRISPR locus and before being processed by Cas proteins. Mature crRNA transcripts contain a partial conserved section of repeat and a sequence of spacer that is complementary to the target DNA. crRNA forms an effector complex with a single nuclease or multiple Cas proteins called a Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense).  Once the effector complex is formed a Cas nuclease or single effector protein will cause interference guided by the crRNA match.

Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential machinery for many aspects of DNA repair. Defects in certain nucleases can cause genetic instability or immunodeficiency. Nucleases are also extensively used in molecular cloning.

There are two primary classifications based on the locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized as deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA.
Babette March
Babette March (born 1941), pronounced Marx, born Barbara Marchlowitz, formerly Babette Russell, or simply Babette, who is known by the name Babette Beatty, was the first Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover model. She was on the swimsuit issue cover of the January 20, 1964, issue, which has been credited with making the bikini a legitimate piece of clothing.

Cover model
A cover model is a male or female whose photograph appears on the front cover of a magazine. The cover model is generally a fashion model, celebrity, or contest winner. Generally, cover models are depicted solitarily; however, on occasion magazines will present a front cover with multiple cover models. Female cover models are often referred to as cover girls.

Cover models generally take part in a fashion or portrait photography photo shoot for the magazine. When a magazine depicts a candid or stock image for the main cover image, the talent is referred to as the magazine "cover" rather than "cover model" or "cover girl".
Marucci Sports
Marucci Sports is an American sports equipment manufacturing company based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It focuses on baseball equipment, specifically producing bats, balls, gloves, batting gloves, batting helmets, and chest protectors. The company was originally founded in 2002 as the Marucci Bat Company by LSU Tigers head athletic trainer at that time, Jack Marucci. The company was acquired by the investment firm Compass Diversified Holdings in 2020 and later by Fox Factory for $572 million in 2023.

Batting glove
Batting gloves are a component in bat-and-ball games sportswear. Typically consisting of a leather palm and back made of nylon or another synthetic fabric, the glove covers one or both hands of a batter, providing comfort, prevention of blisters, warmth, improved grip, and shock absorption when hitting the ball. Batting gloves are considered an essential part of cricket equipment, though they are not mandatory at any level of the game.
Vidar Christiansen
Vidar Christiansen (born 12 June 1948) is a Norwegian economist.

He was born in Drammen and grew up in Hokksund. After graduating with the cand.oecon. degree he was a research fellow at the University of Oslo from 1975, lecturer at the Norwegian School of Economics from 1979 and at the University of Oslo from 1981. He took his dr. oecon. degree at the Norwegian School of Economics in 1987. In 1989 he was awarded the David Davidsson Prize for best article in the Scandinavian Journal of Economics. In 1991 he was hired as professor at the BI Norwegian Business School and from 1994 to his retirement he was a professor at the University of Oslo.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He is also a fellow of the European Economic Association.

BI Norwegian Business School
BI Norwegian Business School (Norwegian: Handelshøyskolen BI, BI was originally Bedriftsøkonomisk Institutt) is a Norwegian private business school. BI is organized as a self-owned foundation whose sole purpose is teaching and research. As of 2024, with over 21,000 students, BI is the largest business school and the fourth-largest university in Norway. BI's main campus is located in Nydalen, Oslo, with regional campuses in Bergen, Stavanger, and Trondheim.

For several years, BI has been ranked as Norway's top business school by the Financial Times European Business School Ranking. BI also participates in several of Financial Times' sub-rankings, including Executive MBA, Executive Education, and Master's in Management.
Fritz Noll
Fritz Noll (27 August 1858 in Frankfurt am Main – 19 June 1908) was a German botanist who made contributions in the field of plant physiology.

He studied natural history and sciences at the Universities of Würzburg, Marburg and Heidelberg. In 1887 he became an assistant to Julius von Sachs at the University of Würzburg, and during the same year received his habilitation. In 1889 he was appointed etatsmäßiger professor at the agricultural academy at Poppelsdorf, as well as an associate professor at the University of Bonn. In 1907 he became a professor of botany at the University of Halle.

He is known for being the first to identify the phenomenon of parthenocarpy and coin the term.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Kamesaradih, Dildarnagar
Kamesarahdih is a hamlet of Dildarnagar Kamsar located in Ghazipur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Kamesaradih is the main and a historical place of Dildarnagar Kamsar from where Kamsaar Pathans emerged and got their name Kamsaar. Kamesaradih have a kot which was built by Raja Narhar Khan in 1542s. The kot present in Kamesaradih is now under Archaeological Survey of India.

Ghazipur district
Ghazipur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India.
Ambros Seelos
Ambros Seelos (30 January 1935 – 3 August 2015) was a German music composer, singer, arranger, conductor, whose career lasted from the 1950s to the 2000s.

Ambros Seelos was born in Töging am Inn.  Seelos and his orchestra performed Big Band sound music. He worked along with Dalibor Brazda in his music endeavors as well. He contributed with The In-Kraut in a song titled "Swingle Beat", volume 2. He also collaborated with Sylvester Levay on numerous music industry albums and songs, in Germany where Ambros Seelos is well known. He produced an album titled "I Left My Heart in Heidleberg", with Sylvester Levay with singer/song writer Troy Cory in 1970. He died in Mühldorf am Inn, aged 80.

The In-Kraut, Vol 1.
The In-Kraut: Hip Shaking Grooves Made in Germany 1966-1974 is the first volume in The In-Kraut series released by Marina Records on compact disc and double vinyl in 2005.

The album is a collection of obscuro German pop rarities, collected from various soundtracks and singles by artists who never intended to have their music released outside Germany.  It was followed by The In-Kraut, Vol. 2 in 2006.
ONEAD/Horizon Djibouti FC
Horizon Djibouti FC, more commonly known as Horizon Djibouti or simply Horizon, is a Djiboutian football club located in the city of Djibouti in Djibouti. It currently plays in the Djibouti Premier League.

Djibouti City
Djibouti (also called Djibouti City and Jibuti in early Western texts) is the capital city of the Republic of Djibouti. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura.

Djibouti has a population of around 780,000 inhabitants, which counts for 73% of the country's population. The settlement was founded in 1888 by the French, on land leased from the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans. During the ensuing period, it served as the capital of French Somaliland and its successor the French Territory of the Afars and Issas.
Redwick, Newport
Redwick (Welsh: Y Redwig) is a small village and community to the south east of the city of Newport, in Wales, United Kingdom.  It lies within the Newport city boundaries, in the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. In 2011 the population was 206.

Historic counties of Wales
The historic counties of Wales (Welsh: siroedd hynafol) were the thirteen sub-divisions used in Wales from 1535 up to their abolition in 1974 when they were replaced by eight larger administrative counties (which in turn were replaced with the current twenty-two). They were used for various functions for several hundred years, with some dating to 1282, but for administrative purposes have been superseded by contemporary sub-national divisions, some of which bear some limited similarity to the historic entities in name and extent. They are alternatively known as ancient counties.
1910 Chilean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chile in 1910, following the death of President Pedro Montt on August 16 that year and the death of his successor, Vice President Elías Fernández Albano, less than a month later.

Fernández's vice president Emiliano Figueroa called new presidential elections. Political parties agreed on presenting a single candidate – Ramón Barros – as a symbol of unity in celebration of Chile's first centenary of independence.

Emiliano Figueroa
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín (Latin American Spanish: [emiˈljano fiɣeˈɾo.a]; 12 July 1866 – 16 May 1931) was President of Chile from December 23, 1925, until his resignation on May 10, 1927. He also served as acting president for a few months in 1910.
Kemerli, Mazıdağı
Kemerli (Kurdish: Xerebazin) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Barava tribe and had a population of 492 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.