hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semantic heterogeneity
Semantic heterogeneity is when database schema or datasets for the same domain are developed by independent parties, resulting in differences in meaning and interpretation of data values. Beyond structured data, the problem of semantic heterogeneity is compounded due to the flexibility of semi-structured data and various tagging methods applied to documents or unstructured data. Semantic heterogeneity is one of the more important sources of differences in heterogeneous datasets.

Yet, for multiple data sources to interoperate with one another, it is essential to reconcile these semantic differences. Decomposing the various sources of semantic heterogeneities provides a basis for understanding how to map and transform data to overcome these differences.

Semi-structured data
Semi-structured data is a form of structured data that does not obey the tabular structure of data models associated with relational databases or other forms of data tables, but nonetheless contains tags or other markers to separate semantic elements and enforce hierarchies of records and fields within the data. Therefore, it is also known as self-describing structure.

In semi-structured data, the entities belonging to the same class may have different attributes even though they are grouped together, and the attributes' order is not important.

Semi-structured data are increasingly occurring since the advent of the Internet where full-text documents and databases are not the only forms of data anymore, and different applications need a medium for exchanging information. In object-oriented databases, one often finds semi-structured data.
Caverhill Hall
Caverhill Hall is a historic, castle-like residence in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on 134 Sydney Street, at the corner of Sydney and Mecklenburg Streets. Caverhill Hall was built in 1884 for Simeon Jones, the Mayor of Saint John. Caverhill Hall was built using limestone and features a Baronial Style of architecture. It is within the boundaries of the Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area.

Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area
The Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area is a historic district in Saint John, New Brunswick's uptown. The City of Saint John designated the area as the city's first heritage conservation area in 1982; it has since expanded in area. Surrounding the Trinity Anglican Church, the area includes several National Historic Sites of Canada within its boundaries. Much of the area consists of Victorian brick buildings raised after The Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick that destroyed much of the city's central peninsula in 1877.
Y Garn Goch
Y Garn Goch is a hill in the Brecon Beacons National Park in the east of Carmarthenshire, Wales. The name means the 'red cairn'. It lies near the village of Bethlehem, three miles southwest of Llangadog and four miles east of Llandeilo on the southern side of the broad Towy Valley. It is also commonly known as either Garn Goch or Carn Goch. Current owners and land managers are the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority.

Llandeilo
Llandeilo (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈdeilɔ] ⓘ) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, situated where the River Towy is crossed by the A483 on a 19th-century stone bridge. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 1,784. It is adjacent to the westernmost point of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The town is served by Llandeilo railway station on the Heart of Wales Line.

In 2021, The Sunday Times called the town one of the top six places to live in Wales. The newspaper praised the town as a ‘sophisticated shopping destination and a great showcase for local arts and crafts’.
Miss America 1961
Miss America 1961, the 34th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 10, 1960, on CBS.

The telecast was watched by a reported 85 million viewers. Nancy Fleming, the winner as Miss Michigan, later became a television personality and the wife of Jim Lange, host of TV's The Dating Game.

Jim Lange
James John Lange (/læŋ/; August 15, 1932 – February 25, 2014) was an American game show host and disc jockey. He was known to listeners in the San Francisco and Los Angeles radio markets with stints at several stations in both markets, racking up over 45 years on the air. Lange was also known to television viewers as the host of several game shows, including The Dating Game.
Kabayan, Benguet
Kabayan, officially the Municipality of Kabayan (Ilocano: Ili ti Kabayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kabayan), is a  municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 15,841 people.

The town is the site of centuries-old Ibaloi mummies buried inside caves scattered around its villages. The third highest mountain in the Philippines, Mount Pulag, is located in the territorial boundary of the vegetable farming town.

Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc while Bauko is the largest municipality. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province.

The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that included most of the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the Philippine Commission in 1908, and was later split in 1966 into Mountain Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.

The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain naturally mummified bodies, and for its hanging coffins.
Monster Hunters
The Monster Hunters are a fictional group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This group exists in Marvel's shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe.

The team was created as a retcon to explain some events in the history of the Marvel Universe that were no longer plausible due to previous retcons. Their adventures are set during the late 1940s and 50's, a time when (in real life) Marvel/Atlas was mostly printing stories about strange monsters and alien invaders.

Atlas Comics (1950s)
Atlas Comics was the 1950s comic-book publishing label that evolved into Marvel Comics. Magazine and paperback novel publisher Martin Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities, used Atlas as the umbrella name for his comic-book division during this time. Atlas evolved out of Goodman's 1940s comic-book division, Timely Comics, and was located on the 14th floor of the Empire State Building. This company is distinct from the 1970s comic-book company, also founded by Goodman, that is known as Atlas/Seaboard Comics.
When I'm with You (BGYO song)
"When I'm with You" is a song recorded by the Filipino boy band BGYO. It was released on 7 October 2021 as a key track and the third single of their debut album The Light. It was written and composed by Kidwolf. The song has been selected to be part of Spotify's "Radar Philippines", since March 2022. The track peaked at number 1 on Deezer Charts 100 in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

BGYO
BGYO (formerly Star Hunt Academy Boys or SHA Boys) is a Filipino boy band formed in 2018 through ABS-CBN's Star Hunt Academy (SHA). The group is composed of five members: Akira, Gelo, JL, Mikki, and Nate.

BGYO debuted on January 29, 2021, with their single, "The Light". The group released their second single, "He's Into Her", as part of the official soundtrack of the Philippine romantic comedy series of the same title. The song led to the group's first achievement, earning them the "Best Theme Song" award at the 2021 Asian Academy Creative Awards. Their debut album, The Light, achieved record-breaking success, topping iTunes Philippines' Top 100 albums chart for twelve consecutive days, making it the longest top charting album by a Filipino act on the platform. BGYO's achievements also reached the international stage, with the group featured in Grammy's "The Many Sounds of Asian Pop" listicle in 2023.
Gaylord Ridge
Gaylord Ridge (80°2′S 159°16′E﻿ / ﻿80.033°S 159.267°E﻿ / -80.033; 159.267) is a solitary north–south ridge, 2 nautical miles (4 km) long, located 3 nautical miles (6 km) northwest of Eilers Peak in the western part of the Nebraska Peaks. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after D.R. Gaylord of the University of Nebraska, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program glaciological team during the Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1973–74 field season.

Eilers Peak
Eilers Peak (80°4′S 159°28′E﻿ / ﻿80.067°S 159.467°E﻿ / -80.067; 159.467) is a prominent peak, about 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) high, located 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) north-northwest of Rand Peak in the central Nebraska Peaks. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after D.H. Eilers of the Ross Ice Shelf Management Office, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program glaciological party during the Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1974–75 field season.
Jérusalem
Jérusalem is a grand opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The libretto was to be an adaptation and partial translation of the composer's original 1843 Italian opera, I Lombardi alla prima crociata. It was the one opera which he regarded as the most suitable for being translated into French and, taking Eugène Scribe's advice, Verdi agreed that a French libretto was to be prepared by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz, who had  written the libretto for Donizetti's most successful French opera, La favorite.  The opera received its premiere performance at the Salle Le Peletier in Paris on 26 November 1847. The maiden production was designed by Paul Lormier (costumes), Charles Séchan, Jules Diéterle and Édouard Desplechin (sets of Act I, Act II, scene 1, Act III scene 1, and Act IV), and Charles-Antoine Cambon and Joseph Thierry (sets for Act II, scene 2 and Act III, scene 2).

José Carreras
Josep Maria Carreras Coll (Catalan: [ʒuˈzɛb məˈɾi.ə kəˈreɾəs ˈkɔʎ]; born 5 December 1946), better known as José Carreras (/kəˈrɛərəs/, Spanish: [xoˈse kaˈreɾas]), is a Spanish operatic tenor who is particularly known for his performances in the operas of Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini.

Born in Barcelona, he made his debut on the operatic stage at 11 as Trujamán in Manuel de Falla's El retablo de Maese Pedro, and went on to a career that encompassed over 60 roles, performing in the world's leading opera houses and on numerous recordings. He gained fame with a wider audience as one of the Three Tenors, with Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti, in a series of large concerts from 1990 to 2003. He is also known for his humanitarian work as president of the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation (La Fundació Internacional Josep Carreras per a la Lluita contra la Leucèmia), which he established following his own recovery from the disease in 1988.
María Cristina Petite
María Cristina Petite (born 10 May 1972 in Barakaldo) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the 3000 and 5000 metres. She competed in the women's 5000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

She finished seventh in the 3000 m at the 1999 World Indoor Championships and tenth at the 2002 European Indoor Championships.

1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 7th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held in the Green Dome Maebashi stadium in Maebashi, Japan from March 5 to March 7, 1999. It was the first time the Championships were staged outside Europe or North America. Primo Nebiolo, president of the IAAF, characterized the championships as "the greatest ever". There were a total number of 487 participating athletes from 115 countries.
Paceman
The term Paceman is used in reference to:

Mini Paceman automobiles

Practitioners of fast bowling in the game of cricket
Bowling machines that fire cricket balls

The image evaluation process in radiography

Pace-setters in running

Bowling machine
In cricket, a bowling machine is a device which enables a 
batter to practise (usually in the nets) and to hone specific skills through repetition of the ball being bowled at a certain length, line and speed. It can also be used when there is no-one available to bowl, or no one of the desired style or standard.

There are a number of different types of bowling machine available to cricket coaches, each quite different in the ways they achieve the required delivery, though most allow the use of remote control, so that a coach can be closer to a batsman when the stroke is played.

Ball-throwing machines for cricket have been used for over a century and originally followed a more slingshot design, which later gave way to motorised wheels and programmable machines.
The Theory of Interstellar Trade
The Theory of Interstellar Trade is a paper on hypothetical space trade written in 1978 by Nobel Prize winner in economics Paul Krugman. The paper was first published in March 2010 in the journal Economic Inquiry. He described the paper as something he wrote to cheer himself up when he was an "oppressed assistant professor" caught up in the academic rat race.

Rat race
A rat race is a metaphor used to describe an endless, self-defeating, or pointless pursuit.

The phrase is sometimes used to relate the human life to that of rats attempting to earn an ultimately pointless reward when death is inevitable. While rats pursue cheese, humans pursue financial and competitive gain. While both often compete and struggle for existence, both humans and rats eventually reach the same fate: death. This ultimately represents a nihilistic philosophical approach to life and society. The term is also commonly associated with an exhausting, repetitive lifestyle that leaves no time for relaxation or enjoyment.
Route 30 (Iceland)
Skeiða- og Hrunamannavegur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsceiːða- ɔɣ ˈr̥ʏːnaˌmannaˌvɛːɣʏr̥], lit. 'Skeiða-and-Hrunamanna Road') or Route 30 is a national road in the Southern Region of Iceland. It runs from Route 1 east of Þjórsá, through the village of Flúðir to the intersection of Biskupstungnabraut.

Southern Region (Iceland)
Southern Region (Icelandic: Suðurland, pronounced [ˈsʏːðʏrˌlant] ⓘ, lit. 'Southern Land') is a region of Iceland. The population of the region was 34,076 (1 January 2024). The largest town in the region is Selfoss, with a population of 9,812 as of 2024.
Brian Cannon
Brian Cannon (born 1966, Wigan) is a British graphic designer, art director, photographer, band manager and music video director.  His Microdot graphic design company created the album cover for Oasis' debut album, Definitely Maybe in 1994.

Two of Cannon's record sleeve designs—Definitely Maybe (#14) and "This Is Music" (#79)—featured in Q magazine's "The Hundred Best Record Covers Of All Time" list published in 2001.  He is noted for "his grandiose, ridiculously time-consuming (photo) shoots", and has produced a number of record sleeves for UK number one albums, including Urban Hymns (The Verve) and 1977 (Ash), along with two further Oasis albums—(What's The Story) Morning Glory? and Be Here Now.

He has also designed record sleeves for Ruthless Rap Assassins, Suede and Super Furry Animals, and is the former manager of the now-defunct Scottish experimental rock group, The Beta Band.

Cannon was given The Lifetime Achievement Award by the global Annual Design Awards in November 2011.

Record sleeve
A record sleeve is the outer covering of a vinyl record. Alternative terms are dust sleeve, album liner and liner.

The term is also used to denominate the outermost cardboard covering of a record, i.e. the record jacket or album jacket.

The record jacket is extensively used to design and market a recording, as well as to additionally display general information
on the record as artist name, titles list, title length etc. if no opening presents a readable label.

The terms liner notes, sleeve notes are used to refer to this label, jacket information.

Sleeves were originally printed on simple cardboard. British manufacturers Garrod and Lofthouse patented a "wrap around" sleeve design commonly seen on LPs in the 1960s.
Charles McIlvaine Messer
Charles McIlvaine Messer, OBE (11 October 1874 – 26 July 1938) was the Captain Superintendent of the Hong Kong Police Force from 1913 to 1918 and Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong from 1918 to 1931.

He was born on 11 October 1874 in London to Josiah Messer. He was Captain Superintendent of the Hong Kong Police Force from 1913 to 1918. He was appointed Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong in 1918. Before that he had acted as Colonial Treasurer for six occasions. He served as Colonial Treasurer until he retired in 1931.

He died on 26 Jul 1938 in Iffley, Oxford.

Iffley
Iffley is a village in a designated conservation area in Oxfordshire, England. It lies within the boundaries of the city of Oxford, between Cowley and the estates of Rose Hill and Donnington, and in proximity to the River Thames (Isis). A notable feature is its largely unchanged Norman church, St Mary the Virgin, which has a modern stained glass Nativity window designed by John Piper and another window designed by Roger Wagner. The church is a Grade I listed building.
2018–19 Slovak Cup
The 2018–19 Slovak Cup was the 50th edition of the competition. This tournament began on 15 July 2018.

Slovan Bratislava were the defending champions, having won the previous season's Cup by defeating Ružomberok in the final by a score of 3–1.

2018 Slovak Cup final
The 2018 Slovak Cup final (known as the Slovnaft Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the final match of the 2017–18 Slovak Cup, the 49th season of the top cup competition in Slovak football. The match was played at the Anton Malatinský Stadium in Trnava on 1 May 2018 between ŠK Slovan Bratislava and MFK Ružomberok.
Shining Soul II
Shining Soul II is an action role-playing game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Grasshopper Manufacture, as the sequel to Shining Soul and part of the Shining series. The game was originally scheduled to be released on February 24, 2004, before it was delayed by two months.

The game is a dungeon crawling hack and slash, playing similarly to Diablo or Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance. It features eight playable characters, ten dungeons tied into a storyline, and eight hidden dungeons to explore. The game supports multiplayer via link cable as well as single-player.

Grasshopper Manufacture
Grasshopper Manufacture Inc. (株式会社グラスホッパー・マニファクチュア, Kabushiki Gaisha Gurasuhoppā Manifakuchua) is a Japanese video game developer founded on March 30, 1998 by Goichi Suda. They are well known for creating titles such as killer7 and the No More Heroes series.
Xuxa e Seus Amigos
Xuxa e Seus Amigos (English: Xuxa and Her Friends) is the debut album by Brazilian recording artist Xuxa Meneghel, and the first solo and containing her stage name, released in November 1985 by Philips in Brazil.

On this album the host sings along with several guests to (Caetano Veloso, Zizi Possi, Marina, Nara Leão, Chico Buarque, Erasmo Carlos, Biquini Cavadão) being honored in some tracks like the track 7, "Xa-Xe-Xi-Xo- Xuxa" sung by the Os Trapalhões that even before the race on TV Globo, showed great charisma for it. The album was produced by Roberto Menescal.

In 1990 was re-released in Argentina by Polygram (now Universal Music), with the title in Spanish: Xuxa Y Sus Amigos.

Erasmo Carlos
Erasmo Carlos (born Erasmo Esteves; 5 June 1941 – 22 November 2022) was a Brazilian singer and songwriter, most closely associated with his friend and longtime collaborator Roberto Carlos (no relation). Together, they created many chart hits including "É proibido fumar", "Sentado à beira do caminho", "Além do horizonte", "Amigo" and "Festa de arromba".

A core member of the Jovem Guarda ("Young Guard") scene of 1960s Brazilian pop-rock, Erasmo often appeared on television, in magazines and feature films with fellow teen idols Roberto Carlos and Wanderléa.
Euura herbaceae
Euura herbaceae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) and polar willow (Salix polaris). Galls of E. aquilonis are similar and the larvae need to be examined to tell them apart.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Raül López (basketball)
Raül López Molist (born 15 April 1980) is a Spanish former professional basketball player. He played for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). López is a native of Vic, Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. At a height of 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) tall, he played at the point guard position. López was featured on the Spanish version of the NBA Live 2004 video game.

NBA Live
NBA Live was a series of basketball video games that was published by EA Sports. The series, which debuted in 1994, is the successor to the previous NBA Playoffs and NBA Showdown series.

Beginning in the late 2000s, NBA Live sales had dropped off compared to its main competitor, 2K's NBA 2K series. The last released installment to date is 2018's NBA Live 19. As of 2023, the series has been in an indefinite hiatus, and after the cancellations of NBA Live 20 and NBA Live 21, there has not been any official confirmation by EA on whether or not the series will continue.
Silvia Piccagnoni
Silvia Piccagnoni (born 27 May 1993) is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Piccagnoni was born in Sondalo. After notable results in youth classes, she participated in the women's senior relay team (together with Martina Valmassoi and Corinne Clos) at the 2011 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering, which finished fifth.

Piccagnoni is member of the Sci Club Alta Valtellina.

Ski mountaineering
Ski mountaineering (abbreviated to skimo) is a skiing discipline that involves climbing mountains either on skis or carrying them, depending on the steepness of the ascent, and then descending on skis. There are two major categories of equipment used: free-heel telemark skis and skis based on alpine skis, where the heel is free for ascents, but is fixed during descent. The discipline may be practiced recreationally or as a competitive sport.

Competitive ski mountaineering is typically a timed racing event that follows an established trail through challenging winter alpine terrain while passing through a series of checkpoints. Racers climb and descend under their own power using backcountry skiing equipment and techniques. More generally, ski mountaineering is an activity that variously combines ski touring, telemark, backcountry skiing, and mountaineering.

Ski mountaineering made its debut as an Olympic Games event in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Hopfner HS-10/32
The Hopfner HS-10/32 was a utility aircraft built in Austria in the early 1930s. It was a conventional, high-wing, strut-braced cabin monoplane derived from Hopfner's series of parasol-wing light aircraft that began with the HS-5/28. Three examples (including the single prototype) flew in late 1932 under the designation HS-10/32, followed by a single example of the improved HS-10/33 the following year, a generally similar aircraft with revised ailerons. The HS-10/33 was eventually purchased by the Austrian Air Force to use as a liaison machine.

Austrian Air Force (1927–1938)
The Austrian Air Force (Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte) of the interwar period began as a paramilitary organisation in 1927, and was secretly built up by the government before union with Germany in 1938.