hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pleading
In law as practiced in countries that follow the English models, a pleading is a formal written statement of one party's claims or defenses in response to another party's complaint(s) in a civil action. The parties' pleadings in a case define the issues to be adjudicated in the action.

The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) govern pleading in England and Wales.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure govern pleading in United States federal courts. Each state in the United States has its own statutes and rules that govern pleading in the courts of that state.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Akaki Mgeladze
Akaki Mgeladze (Georgian: აკაკი მგელაძე; Russian: Ака́кий Ива́нович Мгела́дзе; 1910–1980) was a Soviet politician. He served as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party from 1952 to 1953, and before that was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Abkhazia from 1943 until 1951, as well as previously leading both the Georgian and Abkhazian Komsomol and Gruzneft.

Communist Party of Abkhazia
The Communist Party of Abkhazia (CPA; Abkhaz: Аԥсны Акомунисттә Апартиа, romanized: Apsny Akomunisttw Apartia; Georgian: აფხაზეთის კომუნისტური პარტია, romanized: apkhazetis k'omunist'uri p'art'ia) is a political party in Abkhazia. Its current leader is Lev Shamba.
Bobino
Bobino at 20 rue de la Gaîté, in the Montparnasse area of Paris (14th arrondissement), France, is a music hall theatre that has seen most of the biggest names of 20th century French music perform there.

During its long history it was also known as Les Folies Bobino (1873), Studio Bobino (1991), Gaieté Bobino and Bobin’o (2007).

Music of France
In France, music reflects a diverse array of styles. In the field of classical music, France has produced several prominent romantic composers, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style. The oldest playable musical recordings were made in France using the earliest known sound recording device in the world, the phonautograph, which was patented by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1857. France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the nouvelle chanson and electronic music.
David Burns (basketball)
David Earl Burns (born July 3, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Navarro College and Saint Louis.

He was raised in Dallas, Texas, and attended South Oak Cliff High School. After two years at Navarro Junior College, Burns transferred to Saint Louis University.  In his two years at SLU, he averaged 19.4 and 21.4 points per game. He was conference co-MVP during his senior year.

Burns was selected by the NBA’s New Jersey Nets in the 3rd round (49th pick overall) of the 1981 NBA draft. He split the 1981–82 season with the Nets and Denver Nuggets, playing a total of 9 games.

Burns played for the Ohio Mixers in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) during the 1982–83 season and was selected to the CBA All-Defensive Second Team.

Burns was inducted to the Navarro College athletic hall of fame in 2021.

Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball
The Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball team is the intercollegiate men's basketball program representing Saint Louis University. They compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference. The head coaching position is currently filled by Josh Schertz. Chaifetz Arena is home to the Billikens. The Billikens have reached the championship game of the NIT tournament four times and have won it once (1948). They have appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament ten times, most recently in 2019.
Clyde Smith (American football)
Clyde Wise Smith (July 17, 1904 – December 30, 1982) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as a center for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Kansas City Cowboys (1925–1926), the Columbus Tigers (1927), and the Providence Steam Roller (1928). Smith served as the head football coach at the College of Emporia in Emporia, Kansas for four seasons, from 1931 to 1934, compiling a record of 10–19–4.

Smith later coached football at Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Illinois. He owned the Lawrenceville Greenhouses, was chaired the Lawrence Country Housing authority, and was a board member of the Lawrence County Chamber of Commerce. Smith died on December 30, 1982, at his home in Lawrenceville, Illinois.

His brother, Ray, also played in the NFL.

College of Emporia
The College of Emporia was a private college in Emporia, Kansas, United States. It operated from 1882 to 1974 and was associated with the Presbyterian church.

When founded, it was one of two higher education institutions in the city of Emporia; the other at that time was the "Kansas State Normal School" established for teacher training and was later renamed Kansas State Teachers College (KSTC) and reorganized in the mid-to-late 1970s as a state liberal arts college, at which time the name was changed to Emporia State University. Since Emporia had two colleges before 1900, the city was sometimes called the "Athens of Kansas."
Baby on Board (Modern Family)
"Baby on Board" is the 24th episode and season finale of the third season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 72nd episode overall. It aired on May 23, 2012 on ABC. The episode was written by Abraham Higginbotham and directed by Steven Levitan. The episode features guest actors Reid Ewing and Terri Hoyos.  It was viewed by 10.07 million people in its original US broadcast.

Modern Family season 3
The third season of the American television sitcom Modern Family aired on ABC from September 21, 2011 to May 23, 2012.

This season was ordered on January 10, 2011. The season was produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with series creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd serving as showrunners.

This season like the previous seasons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for Eric Stonestreet (third consecutively and second for Stonestreet), Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for Julie Bowen (second consecutive), along with Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for Steven Levitan, among the fourteen nominations it earned. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.
John P. Kohn
John Peter Kohn Jr. (December 27, 1902 – November 27, 1993) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from May to November 1968.

Born in Montgomery, Alabama, Kohn received his law degree from the University of Alabama in 1925. He served in the United States Army during World War II, and thereafter served as county attorney for Montgomery County until 1964.

A 1963 letter from Kohn to gubernatorial advisor J. Kirkman Jackson cautioned the governor not to "go over the tight line" set by United States District Judge Seybourn Harris Lynne in enjoining governor George Wallace from preventing African-American students from enrolling at the University of Alabama.

In May 1968 Governor Lurleen Wallace appointed Kohn to a seat on the Alabama Supreme Court vacated by the death of Justice John L. Goodwyn, until the election to fill the seat later that year.

Supreme Court of Alabama
The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.

The Governor of Alabama may fill vacancies when they occur for the remainder of unexpired terms. The current line-up for the court is all Republican. There is no specific limitation on the number of terms to which a member may be elected. However, the state constitution under Amendment 328, adopted in 1973, prohibits any member from seeking election once they reach age 70.

The Clerk of Court is Margaret "Megan" Byrne Rhodebeck, who assumed the office by appointment on August 1, 2022.
WMMJ
WMMJ (102.3 FM), known on air as "Majic 102.3", is an urban oldies-leaning urban adult contemporary radio station owned by Urban One in the Washington metropolitan area.  It is co-owned with WKYS, WLNO, WOL, WPRS and WYCB and has studios located in Silver Spring, Maryland.  It is licensed to Bethesda, but its transmitter is located on the American University campus in Tenleytown. During the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s, the station had been home to the original "progressive rock" formatted WHFS, which later migrated to the higher powered Annapolis, Maryland-based 99.1 frequency.

WMMJ broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

WDCH-FM
WDCH-FM (99.1 MHz) – branded Bloomberg 99.1 – is a commercial business news radio station licensed to Bowie, Maryland, and serving the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Owned by Audacy, Inc., the station is operated by Bloomberg L.P. as the market network affiliate for Bloomberg Radio.  WDCH-FM sometimes airs D.C. United soccer and Washington Wizards basketball games whenever sports radio sister station WJFK-FM (106.7 "The Fan") is carrying a different game.

The studios and offices are near the Washington Navy Yard along the Anacostia River in Southeast Washington, while the station transmitter is in Odenton, Maryland.  WDCH is one of the few stations that targets both Baltimore and Washington DC, since its transmitter is located halfway between the two cities, providing a strong city-grade signal to both.  WDCH-FM programming is also heard on the HD-2 digital subchannel on 105.7 WJZ-FM.
Prince Hours
Prince Hours (Korean: 궁S; RR: GungS; lit. 'Palace S') is a 2007 South Korean romantic comedy television series, starring Seven, Heo Yi-jae, Kang Doo and Park Shin-hye. It is a spin-off of the 2006 series Goong (also known as Princess Hours), both were directed by Hwang In-roi and produced by Group Eight. Goong S aired on MBC from January 10 to March 15, 2007, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

Myung Se-bin
Myung Se-bin (Korean: 명세빈; born April 10, 1975) is a South Korean actress from the Seochok Myeong clan. She is best known for her television dramas Purity (1998), Paper Crane (1998), Into the Sun (2003), Three Sisters (2010) and Doctor Cha (2023).
Confederation of Vocational Unions
The Confederation of Vocational Unions (Norwegian: Yrkesorganisasjonenes Sentralforbund, YS) is a national trade union center, an  umbrella organization of labour unions in Norway.

It was established in 1977 as a non-partisan alternative to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO). It is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation, the Council of Nordic Trade Unions and the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD.

Council of Nordic Trade Unions
The Council of Nordic Trade Unions (NFS) is a regional trade union federation. It represents 9 million members from 16 national trade unions in the Nordic countries of Europe. It was founded in 1972, and has close ties with the Baltic Sea Trade Union Network (BASTUN). The main task of NFS is to co-ordinate trade union activities in the Nordic countries, particularly with regard to employment, economic policy and different social issues. General Secretary, since 2014, is Magnus Gissler.
Selberg's identity
In number theory, Selberg's identity is an approximate identity involving logarithms of primes named after Atle Selberg. The identity, discovered jointly by Selberg and Paul Erdős, was used in the first elementary proof for the prime number theorem.

Atle Selberg
Atle Selberg (14 June 1917 – 6 August 2007) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in analytic number theory and the theory of automorphic forms, and in particular for bringing them into relation with spectral theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 and an honorary Abel Prize in 2002.
Hythe to Calshot Marshes
Hythe to Calshot Marshes is a 591.8-hectare (1,462-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches along the west bank of Southampton Water between Calshot and Marchwood in Hampshire. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area, and of Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation. Calshot Marshes is a Local Nature Reserve and Hythe Spartina Marsh is a nature reserve managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

These areas of saltmarsh and mudflats have nationally important numbers of wintering waders and wildfowl, such as black-tailed godwit, grey plover and dunlin. The site is internationally important for dark-bellied brent geese as it has over 1% of the world population. The benthic zone has a dense concentration of invertebrates which provide the birds' main food.

Special Protection Area
A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.
Rosairil Asrul Mat Nor
Rosairil Asrul Mat Nor (born 14 September 1977) is a Malaysian football player who recently played for Kelantan FA in Malaysia Super League. Prior to Terengganu, he played with Terengganu FA and three Kelantan club team from 2001 until 2004.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
Cyrus the Great (play)
Cyrus the Great is a 1695 tragedy by the British writer John Banks. It was his final work, although his earlier The Island Queens was staged several years later. Set at the court of the Persian Emperor Cyrus the Great, it was staged by Thomas Betterton's Company having previously been rejected by the United Company. John Downes described it as one of the "principal new plays" of the decade, although it did not enjoy many performances on stage.

The original cast included Thomas Smith as Cyaxeres, Edward Kynaston as Hystaspes, John Bowman as Craesus, John Thurmond as Artabasus, Elizabeth Barry as Panthea and Anne Bracegirdle as Lausaria. The play used the innovation of casting Barry as the romantic object of Cyrus' love, while Bracegirdle is besotted with him and driven to distraction by his rejection.

John Bowman (actor)
John Bowman (1651–1739) was a British stage actor. He began his career in the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre. In 1692, he married Elizabeth Watson, who acted under the name Elizabeth Bowman. He later switched to act at the Drury Lane Theatre. He is also referred to as John Boman.
Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque
The Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque (Persian: مسجد نصیرالملک, romanized: Masjed-e Nasir ol-Molk; Arabic: مسجد نصير الملك), also known as the Pink Mosque (Persian: مسجد صورتی, romanized: Masjed-e Surati), is a  mosque located in Shiraz, in the province of Fars, Iran. Completed in 1888 CE, the Qajar era mosque is located in the Gowd-e Araban district of Shiraz, south of Lotfali Khan Zand Street, next to the Shāh Chérāgh Mosque.

The mosque includes extensive stained glass in its façade, and displays other traditional elements such as the Panj Kāse ("five concaved") design.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List in 1955, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran. It is a major tourist attraction in Shiraz, especially at sunrise when sunlight hits the stained glass.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
Kismet (dice game)
Kismet is a commercial dice game introduced in 1964. The game's name is the Turkish word for "fate". E. William DeLaittre holds the trademark on the game, which was originally published by Lakeside Games, and which is currently produced by Endless Games. Marketed as "The Modern Game of Yacht", the game play is similar to Yacht and Yahtzee, with a few variations. A primary distinction is that in Kismet, the sides of the dice have different colored pips.

Dice
A die (pl.: dice, sometimes also used as sg.) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, role-playing games, and games of chance.

A traditional die is a cube with each of its six faces marked with a different number of dots (pips) from 1 to 6. When thrown or rolled, the die comes to rest showing a random integer from one to six on its upper surface, with each value being equally likely. Dice may also have other polyhedral or irregular shapes, may have faces marked with numerals or symbols instead of pips and may have their numbers carved out from the material of the dice instead of marked on it. Loaded dice are specifically designed or modified to favor some results over others, for cheating or entertainment purposes.
1993 Swedish Open
The 1993 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Båstad, Sweden that was part of the World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It was the 46th edition of the tournament and was held from 5 July until 11 July 1993. Unseeded Horst Skoff won the singles title.

1993 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Brini Maxwell
Sabrina “Brini” Maxwell is the drag persona of Ben Sander, described as the "prototypical, pre-feminist, 1960s homemaker." Maxwell has also been described as a composite of Doris Day, Mary Tyler Moore, Auntie Mame, That Girl, and Donna Reed; the character came to prominence in the late '90s as the host of her eponymous television show on public access in Manhattan, and later on the national cable television Style Network.

The name Brini came from a Stefanie Powers mini-series called "Deceptions" while Maxwell originated from Barbara Streisand's character in "What's Up, Doc?"

Mary Tyler Moore
Mary Tyler Moore (December 29, 1936 – January 25, 2017) was an American actress, producer, and social advocate. She is best known for her roles on The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966) and The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970–1977), which "helped define a new vision of American womanhood" and "appealed to an audience facing the new trials of modern-day existence". Moore won six Primetime Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards.

Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Ordinary People. Moore had major supporting roles in the musical film Thoroughly Modern Millie and the dark comedy film Flirting with Disaster. Moore also received praise for her performance in the television film Heartsounds.

Moore was an advocate for animal rights and vegetarianism in addition to her acting career. She was also a significant contributor to causes for diabetes awareness and research. She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 33.
Pontremoli railway station
Pontremoli railway station (Stazione di Pontremoli) is a station that serves the Italian town of Pontremoli and the municipalities of the upper Lunigiana, Zeri, Mulazzo and Filattiera. It is located on the Parma–La Spezia railway.

Parma–La Spezia railway
The Parma–La Spezia railway is the railway line that connects Parma, Italy with the Genoa–Pisa railway near La Spezia over the Cisa Pass through the Apennines. The route is approximately 120 kilometres long. Its Italian name (ferrovia Pontremolese) derives from the town of Pontremoli, one of the main towns it passes through.

The railway infrastructure is managed by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classifies it as one of its primary lines.
Hylander
Hylander is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Hylander (1883–1967), Swedish gymnast

Dan Hylander (born 1954), Swedish songwriter, singer, and guitarist

Nils Hylander (1904–1970), Swedish botanist and mycologist

Sigfrid Hylander (1902–1978), Swedish Olympic weightlifter

Nils Hylander
Nils Hylander (24 October 1904 in Norrköping – 28 July 1970 in Uppsala) was a Swedish  botanist and mycologist. From November 1953 to his death he was curator of the Uppsala University Botanical Garden. He was appointed professor in 1967.
The Pacific Monthly
The Pacific Monthly was a magazine of politics, culture, literature, and opinion, published in Portland, Oregon, United States from 1898 to 1911, when it was purchased by Southern Pacific Railroad and merged with its magazine, Sunset. Sunset still carries the subtitle "The Pacific Monthly."

The magazine earned praise from a number of contemporaneous publications, both locally and from as far as the east coast, for the quality of its literary content, as well as details like paper quality and illustrations. In a 1905 book, it was described as the "badly needed" "great Western magazine." During its years as an independent publication, The Pacific Monthly's most frequent contributor was Charles Erskine Scott Wood. From 1905 to 1911 Portland journalist Fred Lockley was general manager and frequent writer.  Other contributors included Leo Tolstoy, George Sterling, Joaquin Miller, Sinclair Lewis, and Jack London, whose novel Martin Eden first appeared in serialized form in the magazine.

Joaquin Miller
Cincinnatus Heine Miller (/ˌsɪnsɪˈneɪtəs ˈhaɪnə/ SIN-sin-AY-təs HY-nə; September 8, 1837 – February 17, 1913), better known by his pen name Joaquin Miller (/hwɑːˈkiːn/ whah-KEEN), was an American poet, author, and frontiersman. He became known as the "Poet of the Sierras" after the Sierra Nevada, about which he wrote in his Songs of the Sierras (1871).