hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbert Hyman
Herbert Hiram Hyman (March 3, 1918 – December 18, 1985) was an American sociologist and expert on opinion polling. He taught at Columbia University from 1951 to 1969 and at Wesleyan University from 1969 to 1985. He died in Canton, China on December 18, 1985, four days after suffering a heart attack. He had been in China to deliver a series of lectures at Zhongshan University on sociology in developing countries.

Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster.
Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.  Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant:

The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is:

where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Silverstone
Silverstone is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The village is about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-southwest of Towcester and 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of Brackley, both accessed via the A43 main road which now bypasses Silverstone to the south and east. The village is also about 11.5 miles (18.5 km) south-southwest of Northampton, 12 miles (19 km) west-northwest of Milton Keynes, and 13.5 miles (21.7 km) east-northeast of Banbury. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,176.

The village's name probably means 'farm/settlement of Saewulf/Sigewulf'.

The Silverstone Circuit, the current home of the British Grand Prix and the British motorcycle Grand Prix, is located nearby; it straddles the Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire border.

The village is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Silvestone and Selvestone.

Banbury
Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory which was previously the world's largest coffee-producing facility, built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of Oxford.
Resident Evil: Vendetta
Resident Evil: Vendetta, known as Biohazard: Vendetta (バイオハザード：ヴェンデッタ, Baiohazādo: Vendetta) in Japan, is a 2017 English-language Japanese adult animated biopunk action horror film set in the same universe as the Resident Evil video games. Produced by Marza Animation Planet and Capcom producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi, the film features the characters Chris Redfield, Leon S. Kennedy and Rebecca Chambers. Takashi Shimizu also served as executive producer, and Capcom producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi supervised the film. It is the third CG film, preceded by Resident Evil: Degeneration (2008) and Resident Evil: Damnation (2012), and also the third film installment with Leon Kennedy as a main character. It was released in Japan on May 27, 2017. A sequel, Resident Evil: Death Island, was released in 2023.

Biopunk
Biopunk (a portmanteau of "biotechnology" or "biology" and "punk") is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology. It is derived from cyberpunk, but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than mechanical cyberware and information technology. Biopunk is concerned with synthetic biology. It is derived from cyberpunk and often involves bio-hackers, biotech megacorporations, and oppressive organizations that engineer DNA. Most often keeping with the dark atmosphere of cyberpunk, biopunk generally examines risks and downsides of genetic engineering and illustrates potential perils of biotechnologies.
Arctanthemum
Arctanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.

Species

Arctanthemum arcticum (L.) Tzvelev - Russian Far East

Arctanthemum integrifolium (Richardson) Tzvelev - coastal areas of Russia, Alaska, and Canada (incl Hudson Bay)

Arctanthemum yezoense (Maekawa) Tzvelev- Japan + Kuril Islands (called Yezo in Japanese, hence the epithet)

Ezo
Ezo, Yezo or Yeso (蝦夷; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.(d)zo]) is the Japanese term historically used to refer to the people and the lands to the northeast of the Japanese island of Honshu. This included the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, which changed its name from "Ezo" to "Hokkaidō" in 1869, and sometimes included Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The word Ezo means 'the shrimp barbarians' in Japanese.

In reference to the people of that region, the same two kanji used to write the word Ezo can also be read Emishi.  The descendants of these people are most likely related to the Ainu people of today.
The Big Noise (1936 British film)
The Big Noise is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Alex Bryce and starring Alastair Sim, Norah Howard and Fred Duprez. The film was a quota quickie made at Wembley Studios by the Hollywood studio Fox's British subsidiary.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Full Court Press (album)
Full Court Press is a collaborative hip-hop album by American producer Girl Talk and rappers Wiz Khalifa, Big K.R.I.T., and Smoke DZA, released April 8, 2022 via Asylum Records and Taylor Gang Entertainment. Full Court Press is Girl Talk's first full album in over a decade, following 2010's All Day.

Taylor Gang Entertainment
Taylor Gang Entertainment is an American entertainment company. Co-founded by rapper Wiz Khalifa in 2008, it operates as an independent record label, music management, music production and film company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The record label is home to artists such as Wiz Khalifa, Berner, and Juicy J who serves as A&R for the label. TM88 is a producer for the label. The company is currently headquartered at ID Labs in Pittsburgh.
Battle of Fucine Lake
The Battle of Fucine Lake was fought in 89 BC between a Roman army and a rebel force during the Social War.  Lucius Porcius Cato was the leader of the Roman army at this battle.  The consul Porcius Cato was defeated and killed while storming a Marsic camp in winter or early spring.

A slingshot from the presumed battlefield with an inscription in the Venetic language that mentions a Floro Decio attests the presence of Venetic troops at this battle.

Adriatic Veneti
The Veneti (sometimes also referred to as Venetici, Ancient Veneti or Paleoveneti to distinguish them from the modern-day inhabitants of the Veneto region, called Veneti in Italian) were an Indo-European people who inhabited northeastern Italy, in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of Veneto, from the middle of the 2nd millennium BC and developing their own original civilization along the 1st millennium BC.

The Veneti were initially attested in the area between Lake Garda and the Euganean Hills; later they expanded until they reached borders similar to those of the current Veneto region. According to the archaeological finds (which also agree with the written sources), the western borders of their territory ran along Lake Garda, the southern ones followed a line that starts from the Tartaro river, follows the Po and reaches Adria, along the extinct branch of the Po of Adria, while the eastern ones reached up to the Tagliamento river.
House of Lévis
The House of Lévis or Lévis-Mirepoix is an old French noble family. The family originally came from the village of Lévis-Saint-Nom in the Chevreuse valley, in the Yvelines département of Île-de-France.: 150

One line of the family bore the title of Duke of Ventadour, created in 1589 by Henry IV of France, while the other bore the title of Duke of Mirepoix, created in 1751 by Louis XV of France.

Duke of Ventadour
Duke of Ventadour (Fr.: duc de Ventadour) was a noble title in the peerage of France granted to Gilbert de Lévis de Ventadour by Henry IV of France in 1589.  It is named after the Château de Ventadour.
1946 Taça de Portugal final
The 1946 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1945–46 Taça de Portugal, the 8th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 30 June 1946 at the Estádio do Lumiar in Lisbon, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Atlético CP and Sporting CP. Sporting CP defeated Atlético CP 4–2 to claim their third Taça de Portugal.

Estádio do Lumiar
Estádio do Lumiar was a multi-use stadium in Lisbon, Portugal. It was initially used as the stadium of Sporting Clube de Portugal matches.  It was replaced by the Estádio José Alvalade in 1956.  The capacity of the stadium was 20,000 spectators.
Taikoo Hui Guangzhou
Taikoo Hui Guangzhou (simplified Chinese: 广州太古汇; traditional Chinese: 廣州太古匯; pinyin: Tàigǔ huì; Jyutping: Taai3gu2 wui6) is a multi-use complex in Tianhe District of Guangzhou, China. The project consists of a large indoor shopping mall, two Grade-A office towers, Guangzhou's first five-star Mandarin Oriental Hotel, serviced apartments and a cultural centre. The 358,000 square metre property was designed by American company Arquitectonica, and is managed by Hong Kong–based Swire Properties.

Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group
Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group International Limited is a multinational hospitality and management group focusing on luxury hotels, resorts, and residences, with a total of 46 properties worldwide, 20 of which it either wholly or partially owns.

The Mandarin Oriental brand was established in 1985 following the merger of Mandarin International Hotels Limited and the holding company of the hotel The Oriental, in which Mandarin had already acquired a 49% stake in 1974. Mandarin's history dates back to the 1963 opening of its namesake hotel The Mandarin (now Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong). The Oriental (now Mandarin Oriental, Bangkok) opened in 1876 as the Kingdom of Siam's first luxury hotel.

Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is a subsidiary of the publicly traded Mandarin Oriental International Limited, which in turn is a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson.
NAS200
The NAS200 is a network-attached storage appliance intended for the consumer market. It was originally marketed by the Linksys division of  Cisco Systems in 2007.

The NAS200, the successor to the Linux-based NSLU2, has room for two internal SATA drives, a 10/100 Ethernet port, and supports FAT32-formatted external USB 2.0 drives. It comes with UPnP media-sharing software.

The NAS200 is built around a RDC semiconductor R3210-G — a RISC-based System-on-a-chip that executes the Intel 80486 instruction set. The NAS200's stock firmware supports only Microsoft Windows networking (SMB). This firmware includes a Linux 2.6.19 kernel and uses an eCos-based boot loader.

A PC Pro review said "transfer speeds were unimpressive" and found with average read speeds of 3.7 MB/s and average write speeds of 3.2 MB/s.
PC Magazine found it a little faster at 4.7 MB/s with 500Gb Seagate drives, but concluded it was too slow for movies.

File Allocation Table
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default file system for the DOS and Windows 9x operating systems. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT.

FAT was replaced with NTFS as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows XP. Nevertheless, FAT continues to be commonly used on relatively small capacity solid-state storage technologies such as USB flash drives, SD cards, MultiMediaCards (MMC) and eMMC because of its compatibility across operating systems and embedded systems, and ease of implementation.
Ramgarh Cantonment railway station
Ramgarh Cantt railway station, serves the city of Ramgarh Cantonment which is the headquarters of the Ramgarh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ramgarh Cantt railway station belongs to the Ranchi division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Tegg
Tegg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Rebecca Tegg (born 1985), New Zealand footballer

Susan Tegg (born 1975), Australian canoeist

Thomas Tegg (1776–1845), British bookseller and publisher

William Tegg (1816–1895), English publisher

Rebecca Tegg
Rebecca Tegg (born 18 December 1985) is an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Tegg made her full Football Ferns debut in a 0–3 loss to Australia on 19 July 2007, and represented New Zealand at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup finals in China, where they lost to Brazil 0–5, Denmark (0-2) and China (0-2).

Tegg was also included in the New Zealand squad for the 2008 Summer Olympics where they drew with Japan (2-2) before losing to Norway (0-1) and Brazil (0-4).

Tegg formally played for Melbourne Victory in the Australian W-League.

Tegg has a master's degree from Auckland University of Technology, with a thesis examining a soccer intervention for children.
Eastman–Shaver House
The Eastman–Shaver House is a house located in northwest Portland, Oregon, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The 32-room house was built in 1928 for Watson Eastman, who founded Western Cooperage Company, a pioneer of mechanization in the forest products industry, and also owned Hawley Pulp and Paper Company.  Its second owner was Leonard R. Shaver, who was affiliated with the Shaver Transportation Company, serving as its vice president starting in 1922, and later becoming its president in 1950 and chairman of the board in 1967.

The property sold in January 2018 for almost $7 million. The sale set a new record for the highest amount ever paid for a home and property in Multnomah County.

The property includes formal gardens designed by noted landscape architect George H. Otten.

Shaver Transportation Company
The Shaver Transportation Company is an inland water freight transportation company based in Portland, Oregon, United States. The company was founded in 1880 and played a major role in the development of freight transport in the Portland area and along the Columbia.
Joub Jannine
Joub Jannine (Arabic: جب جنين / ALA-LC: Jub Jannīn) is a city located in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon.

Joub Jannine serves as the capital of West Beqaa and it is the center of the Western Beqaa District, hosting the Serail, which is a main governmental building serving the entire area. Joub Jannine is the largest and most populated town in its district with a population of 14,728. All of the county's major banks can be found in Joub Jannine as well as a trades college, Amusement Park, indoor/outdoor soccer arena, basketball court and the weekly Souk which takes place every Saturday and is a local produce market.

Joub Jannine is surrounded by a number of villages. To the south there is the village of Lala, Ghazze to the north, Kamid al lawz to the east, and Kefraya, known for its wine grape vineyards, to the west.

Grand Serail of Beirut
The Grand Serail (Arabic: السراي الكبير, al-Sarāy al-Kabir; also known as the Government Palace) is the headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon. It is situated atop a hill in downtown Beirut a few blocks away from the Lebanese Parliament building. The Grand Serail is a historic building, the most important of three Ottoman monuments on the Serail hill, the others being the Council for Development and Reconstruction and the Hamidiyyeh clock tower.
James Bowie High School (Simms, Texas)
James Bowie High School, also known as Bowie High School, is a public high school located in Simms, Texas. It is the sole high school in the Simms Independent School District and is classified as a 2A school by the University Interscholastic League. During 2022‍–‍2023, Bowie High School had an enrollment of 140 students and a student to teacher ratio of 7.10. The school received an overall rating of "A" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024‍–‍2025 school year

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Chris Cross (magician)
Christopher Alfred Goode (born April 22, 1989), better known as Chris Cross, is an English magician, escapologist, and former contortionist. He has performed worldwide and appeared on British television.

Debbie McGee
Debra Ann McGee (born 31 October 1958) is an English television, radio and stage performer who is best known as the assistant and widow of magician Paul Daniels.

She performed with Daniels from through the 1980s and 1990s on stage and television, including the long-running BBC1 series The Paul Daniels Magic Show. McGee and Daniels married in 1988.

McGee is a former ballet dancer and for three years was artistic director of her own ballet company. She presents a Sunday morning show for BBC Radio Berkshire. McGee was a finalist in BBC's 2017 Strictly Come Dancing and a winner of the 2019 Christmas Special, and has been a recurring member of the Loose Women panel.
Quebec Cancer Foundation
The Quebec Cancer Foundation (French: Fondation québécoise du cancer) is a Quebec non-profit organization that aims to improve care to Quebecers suffering from cancer, enhance the quality of life for people with cancer and that their relatives, as well as to educate the population on the fight against cancer in Quebec. This foundation is present in Montreal, Quebec, Sherbrooke, Gatineau and Trois-Rivières. The Quebec Cancer Foundation is a member of the International Union against Cancer and the Coalition Priority Cancer in Quebec. The foundation mainly raises funds through donations and fundraising social activities and events. The Chairman of the Board of the foundation is Dr. Philippe Sauthier, MD as of July 5, 2023.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
Old California City Hall and Fire Station
Old California City Hall and Fire Station is a historic city hall and fire station located at California, Moniteau County, Missouri.  It was built about 1892, and is a two-story, Italianate style red brick building.  It has two one-story brick additions.  It features decorative brickwork at the roof line, arched window and door openings and an ornamental cast iron balcony.: 2

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

California, Missouri
California is a city in and the county seat of Moniteau County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 4,498. It is the largest city in Moniteau County and the third largest city in the Jefferson City metropolitan area.
Algi-ye Sofla
Algi-ye Sofla (Persian: الگي سفلي, also Romanized as ‘Algī-ye Soflá) is a village in Bazoft Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 11 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Rupasinghe
Rupasinghe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ajith Rupasinghe Surendra (1943–2017), Sri Lankan political activist.

Gihan Rupasinghe (born 1986), Sri Lankan cricketer

Hugh Fred Rupasinghe (1931-2019), Sri Lanka Army officer

Manisha Rupasinghe (born 2001), Sri Lankan cricketer

Neil Rupasinghe, Sri Lankan politician

Nisitha Rupasinghe (born 1979), Sri Lankan cricketer

Manisha Rupasinghe
Manisha Rupasinghe (born 22 January 2001) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 13 March 2021, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his List A debut on 24 March 2021, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.