hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hosea 12
Hosea 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Book of Hosea in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Hosea, son of Beeri, delivered about the time when the Kingdom of Israel (Ephraim) sought the aid of the Egyptian king So, in violation of her covenant with Assyria (Hosea 12:1). References to contemporary events sit alongside allusions to the patriarchal age in Israel's history. Hosea exhorts the country's leaders to follow their father Jacob's persevering prayerfulness, "which brought God's favor upon him". The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary notes that "as God is unchangeable, He will show the same favor to Jacob's posterity as He did to Jacob, if, like him, they seek God".

Patriarchal age
The patriarchal age is the era of the three biblical patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, according to the narratives of Genesis 12–50 (these chapters also contain the history of Joseph, although Joseph is not one of the patriarchs). It is preceded in the Bible by the primeval history and followed by The Exodus.

Most scholars are uncertain about the historicity of the biblical patriarchs.
Edward E. Laughlin
Edward E. Laughlin (July 27, 1887 – September 18, 1952) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Putnam County, Illinois, Laughlin went to the public schools in the Northern Illinois University College of Law. He was admitted to the Missouri bar in 1914 and the Illinois bar in 1916. He lived in Freeport, Illinois. From 1935 to 1937, Laughlin served in the Illinois House of Representatives and was a Republican. Laughlin then served in the Illinois State Senate from 1937 until his death in 1952. He served as president pro tempore of the senate. At the time of his death, Laughlin was not seeking re-election. Laughlin died in a hospital in Monroe, Wisconsin.

Freeport, Illinois
Freeport is the largest city in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,973 at the 2020 census. Located along the Pecatonica River, Freeport is known for hosting the second Lincoln–Douglas debate of 1858, and as "Pretzel City, USA", due to a popular German bakery that became known for its prolific pretzel production in the 19th century. Freeport High School's mascot is the Pretzel to honor its heritage.
Carkeel
Carkeel is a hamlet north of Saltash in southeast Cornwall, England. It is located along the River Tamar, which separates Cornwall and Devon. The village is famous for its beautiful countryside, historic buildings, and lovely walking paths, which attract many tourists looking to enjoy the charm of rural Cornwall.

Saltash
Saltash (Cornish: Essa) is a town and civil parish in eastern Cornwall, England. Saltash faces the city of Plymouth over the River Tamar and is popularly known as "the Gateway to Cornwall". Saltash’s landmarks include the Tamar Bridge which connects Plymouth to Cornwall by road, and the Royal Albert Bridge. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 16,288 and the population of the built up area was 15,435.
Lew Nichols III
Arthur Lewis Nichols III (born August 16, 2001) is an American professional football running back for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Central Michigan Chippewas. During the 2021 regular season, he led the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision with 1,710 rushing yards.

Central Michigan Chippewas football
The Central Michigan Chippewas are a college football program in Division I FBS, representing Central Michigan University (CMU). CMU has the 24th highest overall winning percentage of programs playing in NCAA Division I.

The Chippewas have played in six bowl games in the last nine years, most recently defeating Washington State in the 2021 Sun Bowl. CMU drew 60,624 fans in the 2007 Motor City Bowl. CMU has played a total of eighteen post-season games (conference championships and bowl games), winning seven.
Chucho Monge
Jesús Monge Ramírez (November 9, 1910 – August 9, 1964), better known as Chucho Monge, was a Mexican composer best known for writing traditional songs. Born in Morelia, Michoacán, he is the writer of several well-known songs, including "México Lindo y Querido",  "La Feria de las Flores", "Pobre Corazón", and "Cartas Marcadas", among others.

Monge started his musical career competing against other composers like Agustín Lara and Alfonso Esparza Oteo in waltz composition contests. Later on, he became a radio artist in XEQ, XEW and XEB stations.

He developed a partnership with Lucha Reyes, who helped popularize his song “La Feria de las Flores”. The song was inspiration for a Disney movie that never happened, for legal reasons.

He co-founded the Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de Música de México (Society of Authors and Composers of Music of Mexico), alongside composers Gonzalo Curiel, Alfonso Esparza Oteo, and Tata Nacho.

Pobre Corazón
"Pobre Corazón" (English: Poor Heart) is a song recorded by Divino for Ivy Queen's sixth studio album, Sentimiento (2007). It was composed by Divino along with Queen and produced by Marcos Sánchez. A remix version with Queen was also recorded and included on the platinum edition of the album. Separate salsa and bachata versions were also later recorded. Ivy Queen and Divino performed the remix of the song as a part of the setlist of her 2008 World Tour which was held from the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum known as the Coliseum of Puerto Rico in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Charting on five Billboard charts, the song reached #24 on the Latin Pop Airplay chart.
Songhor Lagoon
The Songhor Lagoon is a coastal lagoon on the eastern coast of Ghana, West Africa. The site covers an area of 28,740 hectares, and it is located just outside the major town of Ada and to the west of the Volta River estuary. It was designated as Ramsar wetland site of international importance number 566 on June 22, 1988. In 2011, UNESCO approved the Songor Biosphere Reserve as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Among several other important functions, it acts as habitat and/or breeding ground for several notable species.

World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated areas of high biological and cultural diversity, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development). They are created under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).
Edward E. Fitzgibbon
Edward Edwin Fitzgibbon (June 6, 1844 – June 30, 1909) was a farmer, teacher, and politician.

Born in Staten Island, New York, Fitzgibbon moved to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Westport, Dane County, Wisconsin. Fitzgibbon was a teacher and farmer. Fitzgibbon served as superintendent of schools and as Westport Town Clerk. In 1885, Fitzgibbon served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. He lived in Waunakee, Wisconsin. Fitzgibbon lived in Arizona for three years and then returned to Dane County, Wisconsin, where he died of a heart ailment.

Waunakee, Wisconsin
Waunakee (/ˌwɔːnəˈkiː/) is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 14,879 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Madison, it is part of the Madison metropolitan area. Waunakee bills itself as "The Only Waunakee in the World".
2022 Australian Open – Boys' doubles
Bruno Kuzuhara and Coleman Wong defeated Alex Michelsen and Adolfo Daniel Vallejo in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–3) to win the boys' doubles title at the 2022 Australian Open. Wong became the first Hongkonger win an Australian Open title, and the first Hongkonger to win two titles at majors, having previously won the junior doubles at the 2021 US Open.

David Ionel and Leandro Riedi were the defending champions, but both players were no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

Bruno Kuzuhara
Bruno Kuzuhara (born April 1, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 394, achieved on 22 July 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 587, achieved on 29 September 2025.

Kuzuhara won the 2022 Australian Open Juniors singles and doubles events. He reached an ITF junior combined ranking of world No. 1 in January 2022.
Rio Grande Ranch Headquarters Historic District
The Rio Grande Ranch Headquarters Historic District (also known as Three Forks Ranch) is a historic one-story residence located 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Okay in Wagoner County, Oklahoma. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places September 9, 1992. The site's Period of Significance is 1910 to 1935, and it qualified for listing under NRHP criteria A and C.

The historic district consists of 40 acres of ranch land with 15 resources, 13 rated as "Contributing" and 2 as noncontributing.

The ranch house was built in the Prairie School architectural style out of sandstone which was mined at a local quarry. The complete site consists of the original residence, a smoke house and the spring house.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Leymus multicaulis
Leymus multicaulis, also known as manystem wild rye or manystem lyme grass, is a species of the genus Leymus. The species name of manystem wild rye, multicaulis, suggests the “many stems” of the species. Leymus multicaulis is considered a type of grass. Manystem wild rye has only one cotyledon in each of its seeds. The xylem and phloem within the roots are arranged in a ring pattern. The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. These traits make Leymus multicaulis a monocot. Leymus multicaulis is a flowering plant, or angiosperm.

Phloem
Pith

Protoxylem

Metaxylem

Phloem

Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

Cortex

Epidermis

Phloem (/ˈfloʊ.əm/, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. Different types of phloem can be distinguished. The early phloem formed in the growth apices is called protophloem. Protophloem eventually becomes obliterated once it connects to the durable phloem in mature organs, the metaphloem. Further, secondary phloem is formed during the thickening of stem structures.
Griffiss International Airport
Griffiss International Airport (IATA: RME, ICAO: KRME, FAA LID: RME) is a public airport in the northeastern United States, located one mile (1.6 km) east of the central business district of Rome, a city in Oneida County, New York. Publicly owned by the county, the airport is located on the former site of Griffiss Air Force Base, which closed in 1995. Four years later, the airfield hosted the Woodstock '99 music festival.

Operations from the Oneida County Airport in Oriskany, about five miles (8 km) south, were transferred here in 2006, after which the county closed that airport in January 2007. Griffiss is a maintenance and storage facility for several regional airlines, including Republic Airways and Envoy Air.

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ oh-NYE-də) is a county in the state of New York, United States. As of February 26, 2024, the population was 226,654. The county seat is Utica.

The county is named in honor of the Oneida, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee, which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization. The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century, after the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state. Oneida County is part of the Utica–Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Travis Couture-Lovelady
Travis Couture-Lovelady (September 25, 1983) (from Zurich, Kansas) was a two-term member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing House District 110. He was given evaluations of 87%, 89% and 91% by the American Conservative Union. Couture-Lovelady gave up his House seat before the 2016 legislative session to become a full-time state liaison and lobbyist for the National Rifle Association of America.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Bim, West Virginia
Bim is an unincorporated community and coal town in Boone County, West Virginia, United States. Bim is located on West Virginia Route 85, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Madison. The Bim Post Office opened in 1923.

The community was named after Bim Gump, a cartoon character.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
Joanna Leszczyńska
Joanna Leszczyńska (Polish pronunciation: [jɔˈanna lɛʂˈt͡ʂɨj̃ska]; born 18 December 1988 in Warsaw) is a Polish rower. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the women's quadruple sculls. She won bronze medal in quadruple sculls at the 2016 Summer Olympics, with Maria Springwald, Agnieszka Kobus and Monika Ciaciuch. That was also the team that won silver at the 2016 European Championships and bronze at the 2015 European Championships on home water in Poznan.

Leszczyńska had previously won bronze in the women's quadruple sculls at the 2013 World Championships with Sylwia Lewandowska, Magdalena Fularczyk and Natalia Madaj.

She had previously won European silver in 2012 in the quadruple sculls with Kamila Socko, Sylwia Lewandowska and Natalia Madaj.

2013 World Rowing Championships
The 2013 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held from 25 August to 1 September 2013 at Tangeum Lake, Chungju in South Korea. The annual week-long rowing regatta was organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). In non-Olympic Games years the regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.
Adler (locomotive)
The Adler (German for "Eagle") was the first locomotive that was successfully used commercially for the rail transport of passengers and goods in Germany. The railway vehicle was designed and built in 1835 by the British railway pioneers George and Robert Stephenson in the English city of Newcastle. It was delivered to the Bavarian Ludwig Railway (Bayerische Ludwigsbahn) for service between Nuremberg and Fürth. It ran officially for the first time there on 7 December 1835. The Adler was a steam locomotive of the Patentee type with a wheel arrangement of 2-2-2 (Whyte notation) or 1A1 (UIC classification). The Adler was equipped with a tender of type 2 T 2. It had a sister locomotive, the Pfeil.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Kennesaw State Owls football
The Kennesaw State Owls football program represents Kennesaw State University in college football. The Owls team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of Conference USA (CUSA). The team began play in 2015 as a member of the Big South Conference at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. In 2022, KSU's full-time home of the Atlantic Sun Conference (then officially branded as the ASUN Conference) launched an FCS football league, with KSU as one of its initial six members. After the 2022 season, KSU started the transition to the FBS, in advance of the school's 2024 move to CUSA.

The head coach of the Owls is Jerry Mack, and the Owls play at Fifth Third Stadium just outside the city limits of Kennesaw, Georgia.

Kennesaw, Georgia
Kennesaw is a suburban city northwest of Atlanta in Cobb County, Georgia, United States, located within the greater Atlanta metropolitan area. Known from its original settlement in the 1830s until 1887 as Big Shanty, it became Kennesaw under an 1887 charter. According to the 2020 census, Kennesaw had a population of 33,036, a 10.9% increase in population over the preceding decade. Kennesaw has an important place in railroad history. During the Civil War, Kennesaw was the staging ground for the Great Locomotive Chase on April 12, 1862. Kennesaw is home to Kennesaw State University, an R2 research institution and the third-largest public university in the state of Georgia.
Elmendorph Inn
The Elmendorph Inn, is the oldest building in the village of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is located at the north corner of North Broadway (US 9) and Cherry Street, a block north of the junction of Route 9 and NY 199.

It was built in the mid-18th century as an inn to serve long-distance travelers on the Albany Post Road. In the 1810s, it became the meeting place of the Red Hook Town Board for the next several decades. It has had a number of owners; the Elmendorphs are the earliest known ones. In the 1830s, it was expanded and renovated, eventually becoming just a residence. After a recent restoration it has become a community center. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of any immovable cultural property are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. The individual engaged in this pursuit is known as an architectural conservator-restorer. Decisions of when and how to engage in an intervention are critical to the ultimate conservation-restoration of cultural heritage. Ultimately, the decision is value based: a combination of artistic, contextual, and informational values is normally considered. In some cases, a decision to not intervene may be the most appropriate choice.
Teallite
Teallite is a sulfide mineral of tin and lead with chemical formula: PbSnS2. It occurs in hydrothermal veins and is sometimes mined as an ore of tin. Teallite forms soft silvery grey mica-like plates and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. The Mohs hardness is 1.5 to 2 and the specific gravity is 6.4.

Teallite was first described in 1904 from its type locality in Santa Rosa, Antequera, Bolivia. It was named for the British geologist Jethro Justinian Harris Teall (1849–1924).

Orthorhombic crystal system
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.
Algerian nationalism
Algerian nationalism is pride in the Algerian identity and culture. It has been historically influenced by the conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and European countries, the French conquest of Algeria and the subsequent French colonial rule in Algeria, the Algerian War, and since independence by Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, pan-Arabism, and Islamism.

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
Pleshkovo
Pleshkovo (Russian: Плешково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pleshkovsky Selsoviet, Zonalny District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,280 as of 2013. There are 14 streets.

Zonalny District
Zonalny District (Russian: Зона́льный райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is 1,717 square kilometers (663 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zonalnoye. Population:  19,676 (2010 Census); 20,571 (2002 Census); 20,982 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zonalnoye accounts for 17.3% of the district's total population.
James Ferrie
James Ferrie (born 1857; died 1929) was a Scottish checkers or English draughts player of Irish descent. He was the World Checkers/Draughts Champion from 1894 to 1896 and again from 1903 to 1912. He first became champion by defeating James Wyllie in 1894. He is mentioned in the book One Jump Ahead: Computer Perfection at Checkers by Jonathan Schaeffer.

Jonathan Schaeffer
Jonathan Herbert Schaeffer FRSC (born 1957) is a Canadian researcher, Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Alberta, and a former Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence.

He led the team that wrote Chinook, the world's strongest American checkers player, after some relatively good results in writing computer chess programs. He is involved in the University of Alberta GAMES group developing computer poker systems. Schaeffer is also a member of the research group that created Polaris, a program designed to play the Texas Hold'em variant of poker. He is a Founder of Onlea, which produces online learning experiences, and he is the founder and CEO of Synsira Software Solutions, Inc., that develops desktop software for private AI analysis.