hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Binocular vision
Within the science of vision, binocular vision focuses on the question of how humans and animals perceive the world with two eyes instead of one. Two main areas are distinguished: directional vision and depth perception (stereopsis). In addition, both eyes can positively or negatively influence each other's vision through binocular interaction.

In medical science, binocular vision refers to binocular vision disorders and tests and exercises to improve binocular vision. In biology, binocular vision refers to the fact that the placement of the eyes affects the capabilities of depth perception and directional vision in animals. In society, binocular vision refers to applications for seeing stereoscopic images and aids for binocular vision.

Hypertropia
Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes (strabismus), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. 
Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. 
Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow upward drift of one or rarely both eyes, usually when the patient is inattentive.
Groza, Russia
Groza (Russian: Гроза) is a rural-type settlement in Klintsovsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

It was first mentioned in the 1920s.

In 1926, it had a population of 40. By 2002, that had dropped to 1 person, who was ethnically Russian.

Klintsovsky District
Klintsovsky District (Russian: Клинцо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,291.4 square kilometers (498.6 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Klintsy (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 17,163 (2021 Census); 20,503 (2010 Census); 23,581 (2002 Census); 29,638 (1989 Soviet census).
Bangalore International Exhibition Centre
Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) is located in Tumkur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is run by Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association.

This centre is India’s first LEED-certified green facility for exhibitions, conferences, B2B events. Since 2007, BIEC has hosted more than 400 events (including many national and international).

Conference
A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making, although discussion, not always decisions, is the primary purpose of conferences. The term derives from the word confer.
Aleksandr Garkavets
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Garkavets (Russian: Александр Николаевич Гаркавец; Ukrainian: Олександр Миколайович Гаркавець; October 19, 1947-) is a Soviet, Ukrainian, and Kazakhstani linguist, philologist, and Turkologist. He is best known for his work on the Kipchak languages, both modern and historical. Much of the focus of his work has been on the Armeno-Kipchak language, Cuman language, Crimean Tatar language, and Urum language.

Cuman language
Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar (tatar til) in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing.
Pogonomyrmex maricopa
Pogonomyrmex maricopa, the Maricopa harvester ant, is one of the most common species of harvester ant found in the U.S. state of Arizona, but it is also known from California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas and Utah, and the Mexican states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Sonora. Its venom is believed to be the most toxic insect venom in the world.

Their nest mounds are likely to incorporate rocks and gravel. The ants construct cemented caps on the sand mound nests in a fine sand dune area. The caps are approximately 60% calcium carbonate that is transported from the underlying calcium carbonate layers, and protect the nest structure from being eroded away during high-wind periods. Partial erosion of the cemented caps adds calcium carbonate to the sand dune soils.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Hiroya Masuda
Hiroya Masuda (増田 寛也, Masuda Hiroya; born 20 December 1951) is a Japanese politician, government official, and business executive. He was Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications from August 2007 to September 2008, and has served as the president and CEO of Japan Post Holdings since January 2020.

Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications
The Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (総務大臣, Soumu Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council, and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Yoshimasa Hayashi, who took office on October 21, 2025.
Wylie Human
Wylie Human (born 26 February 1979) is a South African rugby union winger. He has played for several Super Rugby teams including the Stormers, the Sharks and the Lions. He has also played for Bath and Northampton Saints, and is currently plying his trade with French second division side Pays d'Aix Rugby Club Le PARC.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Leo's Tome
Leo's Tome was a document sent by Pope Leo I to Flavian of Constantinople, explaining the position of the See of Rome in matters of Christology. The text confesses that Christ has two natures, both fully human and fully divine. The letter was a topic of debate at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 which was accepted by the Council as a doctrinal explanation of the nature of the Person of Christ, but not without great controversy, being rejected for its seemingly Nestorian tendencies by multiple major Eastern sees (later known as the Oriental Orthodox churches). The letter was written in response to Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople, who had excommunicated Eutyches, who also wrote to the Pope to appeal the excommunication.

Eutyches
Eutyches (Ancient Greek: Εὐτυχής; c. 375–454) or Eutyches of Constantinople was a presbyter and archimandrite at Constantinople.  He first came to notice in 431 at the First Council of Ephesus, for his vehement opposition to the teachings of Nestorius. Eutyches was condemned for having adopted a polar opposite view of Nestorianism, where the two natures (Greek: hypostases) of Christ fuse together to form one, single Divine nature, dubbed Monophysitism. This was condemned at the Council of Chalcedon and Third Council of Ephesus. He himself, however, would reject this interpretation of his thought.
Sandra Arenas
Sandra Lorena Arenas Campuzano (born September 17, 1993 in Pereira, Colombia) is a Colombian racewalker. She won the silver medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in the 20 kilometer race walk. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London in the 20 kilometer race walk.

In May 2012, Arenas won the women's 10 kilometer event (junior event) at the 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup in Saransk, Russia. In July 2012, Arenas won the bronze medal in the 10km race walk event at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics with a time of 45:44.46. Arenas placed 29th in 20km race walk at the 2012 Summer Olympics with a time of 1:33:21. She Again Placed 32nd at the 2016 Summer Olympics, with a time of 1:35:40; She went on to Place Second in the 2020 Summer Olympics, with a time of 1:29:37.

2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup
The 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Saransk, Russia, on 12–13 May 2012. The track of the Cup runs in the central streets of the city.
Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results was given for the IAAF.

Complete results were published.
Waratah Mayfield Cheetahs
Waratah Mayfield is a rugby league club based in the Newcastle, New South Wales region of Australia.

Known as The Cheetahs and wearing Maroon and Gold, they were a member of the First Grade Newcastle Rugby League until 2004 and now compete in Newcastle & Hunter Rugby League.

Gold (color)
Gold, also called golden, is a color tone resembling the chemical element gold.

The web color gold is sometimes referred to as golden to distinguish it from the color metallic gold. The use of gold as a color term in traditional usage is more often applied to the color "metallic gold" (shown below).

The first recorded use of golden as a color name in English was in 1300 to refer to the element gold. The word gold as a color name was first used in 1400 and in 1423 to refer to blond hair.

Metallic gold, such as in paint, is often called goldtone or gold tone, or gold ground when describing a solid gold background. In heraldry, the French word or is used. In model building, the color gold is different from brass. A shiny or metallic silvertone object can be painted with transparent yellow to obtain goldtone, something often done with Christmas decorations.
Hedong Subdistrict, Delingha
Hedong Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 河东街道; traditional Chinese: 河東街道; pinyin: Hédōng Jiēdào; lit. 'river east') is one of the two subdistricts, the other being Hexi, of the city of Delingha, Qinghai, People's Republic of China. The seat of the Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located here, and this is the more urbanised part of Delingha City. As of 2018, it has four residential communities (社区) and three villages under its administration.

Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 海西蒙古族藏族自治州; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ; Tibetan: མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ།), locally also known as Qaidam Prefecture (Mongolian: ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ; Tibetan: ཚྭ་འདམ།; Chinese: 柴达木), is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the northern half of (as well as part of the southwest of) Qinghai Province, China. It has an area of 325,785 square kilometres (125,786 sq mi) and its seat is Delingha. The name of the prefecture literally means "west of (Qinghai) Lake."

Geladandong Mountain, the source of the Yangtze River, is located here.
Takhemaret
Takhemaret is a town and commune in Tiaret Province in north-western Algeria, about 65 km. southwest of the city of Tiaret.  The 2008 census population was 34,124 in the commune, with 20,827 in the city.

During Roman empire it was named Cohors Breucorum, a "castrum" (fort) near the Roman limes in Mauretania Caesariensis.

Limes (Roman Empire)
Limes (Latin; sg., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
Imageon
Imageon (previously ATI Imageon) was a series of media coprocessors and mobile chipsets produced by ATI (later AMD) in 2002–2008, providing graphics acceleration and other multimedia features for handheld devices such as mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). AMD later sold the Imageon mobile handheld graphics division to Qualcomm in 2009, where it was used exclusively inside their Snapdragon SoC processors under the Adreno brand name.

Coprocessor
A coprocessor is a computer processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor (the CPU). Operations performed by the coprocessor may be floating-point arithmetic, graphics, signal processing, string processing, cryptography or I/O interfacing with peripheral devices. By offloading processor-intensive tasks from the main processor, coprocessors can accelerate system performance. Coprocessors allow a line of computers to be customized, so that customers who do not need the extra performance do not need to pay for it.
Qanatu
Qanatu (Persian: قناتو, also Romanized as Qanātū) is a village in Chahak Rural District, in the Central District of Khatam County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 13 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Automatic ballot referral
An automatic ballot referral (or compulsory referral)  is a type of referendum that is legally required to automatically be placed on a ballot. In the United States, many states have laws in their constitution requiring a question to hold a constitutional convention to appear before the voters after a scheduled amount of time.

Ballot
A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball (see blackballing) used to record decisions made by voters in Italy around the 16th century.

Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. In the simplest elections, a ballot may be a scrap of paper on which each voter writes in the name of a candidate, but governmental elections use printed ballots to protect the secrecy of the votes. The voter casts their ballot in a box at a polling station.

In British English, this is usually called a "ballot paper". The word ballot is used for an election process within an organization (such as a trade union "holding a ballot" of its members).
Rachel Creefield silhouette
The Rachel Creefield silhouette (c. 1825) is believed to be the earliest known hollow-cut silhouette of an African-American woman. It is held in the collection of the Smithsonian.

Rachel Creefield was employed by the Dickey family of Chester County, Pennsylvania. The silhouette is one of six likely created at the Peale Museum of family members of Creefield's employers, including John Miller Dickey. Creefield is believed to have been a domestic servant in the household of Ebenezer Dickey.

The silhouette is "cut from off-white wove paper and backed with black paper (with a positive image of the bust transferred in brown onto the backing sheet)." The work measures approximately 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) by 4.5 inches (11 cm).

Wove paper
Wove paper is a type of paper first created centuries ago in East Asia, and subsequently introduced to England, Europe and the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Hand-made wove paper was first produced by using a wooden mould that contained a finely-woven brass vellum (wire cloth), upon which the paper pulp was applied and dried, creating a smooth, uniform surface.
Thomas Cottrell
Thomas Cottrell (August 10, 1815 – March 24, 1907) was a political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1874 to 1882 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Saint David, New Brunswick and educated there. In 1836, he married Annie Wyman. Cottrell was a captain in the local militia. He died in 1907 in Eureka, California.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Irish Hill Copse
Irish Hill Copse is a 15.9-hectare (39-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Kintbury in Berkshire.

This site of coppiced ancient woodland includes an extensive area of calcareous ash/wych elm coppice on the hill sides, merging into wet ash/maple and acid oak/ash/hazel woodland with aspen, on the higher parts of the site. The lower slopes are dominated by Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis), with abundant Herb Paris (Paris quadrifolia), Toothwort (Lathraea squamaria), Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum), Twayblade and Early Purple Orchids (Listera ovata) and Orchis mascula and, locally, Wild Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus).

The site is private land with no public access.

Neottia
Neottia is a genus of orchids. The genus now includes the former genus Listera,  commonly known as twayblades, referring to the single pair of  opposite leaves at the base of the flowering stem. The genus is native to temperate, subarctic and arctic regions across most of Europe, northern Asia (Siberia, China, the Himalayas, Central Asia, etc), and North America, with a few species extending into subtropical regions in the Mediterranean, Indochina, the southeastern United States, etc.

Neottia produces a racemose inflorescences with flowers in shades of green or dull pink through to  maroon and purple. The lip of each flower is prominently forked or two-lobed. Some species (those which were previously the only members of the genus Neottia in the strict sense, such as the bird's-nest orchid, Neottia nidus-avis) are completely without chlorophyll and have leaves which are reduced to scales.
Aleksandr Yerokhin
Aleksandr Yuryevich Yerokhin (Russian: Александр Юрьевич Ерохин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ˈjʉrʲjɪvʲɪtɕ jɪˈroxʲɪn]; born 13 October 1989) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Zenit St. Petersburg.

Russian Super Cup
The Russian Super Cup (Russian: Суперкубок России) is a one-match football annual competition. Its official sponsored name is OLIMPBET Russian Supercup (Russian: ОЛИМПБЕТ Суперкубок России). The two participating clubs are the Russian Premier League champions and the Russian Cup winners. If the Premier League and the Cup are won by the same team, then the other participant is the league runners-up. The match is played at the beginning of the season, typically in July.

The trophy has been contested since 2003.
Aguiar de Sousa
Aguiar de Sousa is a Portuguese parish of the municipality of Paredes. The population in 2011 was 1,631, in an area of 22.38 km2.

Aguiar de Sousa was formerly an extensive municipality that existed until the beginning of the 19th century. It was composed of 39 parishes, which are now part of the municipalities of Gondomar, Valongo, Lousada, Paredes and Paços de Ferreira. In 1801, it covered an area of about 260 km2 with 21,643 inhabitants.

Lousada
Lousada (European Portuguese pronunciation: [loˈzaðɐ] ⓘ) is a town and municipality of the Porto district, in northern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 47,387, in an area of 96.08 km².

It includes the site of Ancient Magnetum (Portuguese Magneto), in the civil parish Meinedo, which briefly was a short-lived Suebi-Galician bishopric and is now a Latin Catholic titular see.

The town in named after the Luso-Galician Lozada family.
Papal supremacy
Papal supremacy is the doctrine of the Catholic Church that the pope, by reason of his office as vicar of Christ, the visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful, and as priest of the entire Catholic Church, has full, supreme, immediate and universal power and authority over the whole church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered.

The doctrine had the most significance in the relationship between the church and the temporal state, in matters such as ecclesiastic privileges, the actions of monarchs and even successions.

Vicar of Christ
Vicar of Christ (Latin: Vicarius Christi) is a term used in different ways and with different theological connotations throughout history. The original notion of a vicar is as an "earthly representative of Christ", but it is also used in the sense of "person acting as parish priest in place of a real parson." The title is now used in Catholicism to refer to the bishops, and more specifically, was historically used to refer to the Bishop of Rome (the pope).
The Hour of Two Lights
The Hour of Two Lights is a one-off collaborative album between British solo-artist Terry Hall, formerly of the 2 Tone and ska revival band the Specials, and Mushtaq, a member of British-based multi-ethnic hip-hop–ethno-techno–world fusion music group Fun-Da-Mental.

Two-tone (music genre)
Two-tone, or 2 tone, also known as ska revival, is a genre of British popular music of the late 1970s and early 1980s that fused traditional Jamaican ska, rocksteady, and reggae music with elements of punk rock and new wave music. Its name derives from 2 Tone Records, a record label founded in 1979 by Jerry Dammers of the Specials, and references a desire to transcend and defuse racial tensions in Thatcher-era Britain: many two-tone groups, such as the Specials, the Selecter and the Beat, featured a mix of black, white, and multiracial people.

Originating in Coventry in the West Midlands of England in the late 1970s, it was part of the second wave of ska music. It followed on from the first ska music that developed in Jamaica in the 1950s and 1960s, infused with punk and new wave textures.

Although two-tone's mainstream commercial appeal was largely limited to the UK, it influenced the ska punk movement that developed in the US in the late 1980s and 1990s.