hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mosley v United Kingdom
Mosley v United Kingdom [2011] 53 E.H.R.R. 30 was a 2011 decision in the European Court of Human Rights regarding the right to privacy under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. An application to the court was made by Max Mosley, the former president of the FIA, after his successful breach of confidence legal case against the News of the World (known as Mosley v News Group Newspapers [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB)). In that case, the court unanimously rejected the proposition that Article 8 required member states of the Council of Europe to legislate to prevent newspapers printing stories regarding individual private lives without first warning the individuals concerned. It instead held that it fell within each state's margin of appreciation to determine whether to legislate on that matter.

Index on Censorship
Index on Censorship is an organisation campaigning for freedom of expression. It produces a quarterly magazine of the same name from London. It is directed by the non-profit-making Writers and Scholars International, Ltd (WSI) in association with the UK-registered charity Index on Censorship (founded as the Writers and Scholars Educational Trust), which are both chaired by the British television broadcaster, writer and former politician Trevor Phillips. The current CEO is Jemimah Steinfeld.

WSI was created by poet Stephen Spender, Oxford philosopher Stuart Hampshire, the publisher and editor of The Observer David Astor, and the writer and expert on the Soviet Union Edward Crankshaw. The founding editor of Index on Censorship was the critic and translator Michael Scammell (1972–1981), who still serves as a patron of the organisation.
Wakasugiyama Site
The  Wakasugiyama Cinnabar Mine (若杉山辰砂採掘遺跡, Wakasugiyama shinshasaikutsu iseki) is an  archaeological site with the traces of a late Yayoi to early  Kofun period cinnabar production site, located in the Suii neighborhood of the city of Anan, Tokushima on the island of Shikoku in Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2019.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
White Cubans
White Cubans (Spanish: Cubanos blancos) are Cubans of total or predominantly European (predominantly Iberian) and West Asian ancestry, these stand out for having light or olive skin and self-identify as white.  In a more official sense, the National Office of Statistics and Information, which collects demographic data on Cubans, uses the term "white".
The 2012 Cuban census reported that White Cubans are currently the largest group in Cuba representing 64.12% of the population.

Aside from Spanish—largely Asturian, Galician, Castillian and Canarian—settlers, additional Europeans of many families from France, the United Kingdom (especially England), Portugal, Italy, among others. The Royal decree of October 21, 1817 encouraged Europeans to settle in Cuba when the island was a Captaincy General, an administrative district of the Spanish Empire.
Large flows of Northern Spaniards also occurred in the late nineteenth and early 20th centuries, among other Europeans.

2012 Cuba census
The 2012 Cuba census was the eighteenth national population census of Cuba and was conducted by the National Office of Statistics and Information. The reference days used for the census, was the period from 15 and 24 September 2012. It is the 10th census for the Republic of Cuba.
The total population of Cuba was counted as having 11,167,325 – a decrease of 10,418 people, 0.1% compared to the 2002 census.

Early census results were published and released to the public in January 2014.  Cuba's next census is scheduled to take place in 2026.
Aa Okkati Adakku (2024 film)
Aa Okkati Adakku (transl. Don't ask that one thing) is an Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy drama film directed by Malli Ankam. It is produced by Rajiv Chilaka and co-produced with Bharath Laxmipati  under Chilaka Productions. The film stars Allari Naresh, Faria Abdullah, Vennela Kishore, Jamie Lever, Harsha Chemudu and Hari Teja in lead roles.

Harsha Chemudu
Harsha Chemudu (born 31 August 1991) is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema. He started his acting career with the viral web series Viva on YouTube with which he came to be known as "Viva" Harsha.
David Christiana
David Christiana is an American artist. He was born in Huntington, New York, has illustrated more than twenty picture books for children and authored four for international publishers such as Farrar, Straus & Giroux; Harcourt Brace; Little, Brown; Henry Holt; and Scholastic. Reviews of his work have appeared in The New York Times Book Review, People Magazine, Publishers Weekly.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Jan Pier House
The Jan Pier House is a historic home located at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1761 and remodeled about 1881 in a Second Empire style. It is a one- to two story, asymmetrical stone building built into a hillside. It features a Mansard roof sheathed in polychrome slate.  Also on the property are two contributing barns, a smoke house, wellhouse / well, and a cistern.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Christopher Tower (MP, died 1884)
Christopher Theron Tower (2 May 1804 – 3 March 1884) was an English landowner and politician.

He was born at Gadebridge, the eldest son of Christopher Thomas Tower of Weald Hall, Essex, and was educated at Harrow School and Oriel College, Oxford. From 1826 to 1836 he served with the 7th Hussars, reaching the rank of captain. In 1836 he married Lady Sophia, eldest daughter of John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow. He lived at Huntsmoor Park, Buckinghamshire, and in a by-election in 1845 he was elected to Parliament for the county, without a contest. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Buckinghamshire in 1846. A Conservative, in the debate on the repeal of the Corn Laws he voted in favour of agricultural protection, and was a member of the Carlton Club and Boodle's. He did not stand in the general election of 1847.

Carlton Club
The Carlton Club is a private members' club in the St James's area of London, England. It was the original home of the Conservative Party before the creation of Conservative Central Office. Membership of the club is by nomination and election only.
Capdenac
Capdenac (French pronunciation: [kapdənak]) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

It has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At one time Capdenac was thought to be identifiable as the Gaulish settlement of Uxellodunum which was besieged by Julius Caesar, but this theory has been discredited.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.
Elmworth gas field
The Elmworth gas field is a Canadian natural gas field that was discovered in 1976. It began production in 2014 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Elmworth gas field are around 20 trillion cubic feet (571 billion m³) and production is slated to be around 1 billion cubic feet/day (28.3 million m³).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
La Salle Brothers, Pakistan
La Salle Brothers, Pakistan, formally the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Pakistan, is a Roman Catholic religious order for men. The De La Salle Brothers was founded in France in 1679 by Saint Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, who is also the Patron of Christian Teachers. The order was founded for setting up gratuitous schools where the children of workmen and the poor would learn reading, writing and arithmetic, and would also receive a Christian education through catechisms and other forms of instruction appropriate for forming good Christians.

Jean-Baptiste de La Salle
Jean-Baptiste de La Salle (pronounced [ʒɑ̃ batist də la sal]; English: John Baptist de La Salle /ləˈsæl/; 30 April 1651 – 7 April 1719) was a French priest, educational reformer, and founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. He is a saint of the Catholic Church and the patron saint for teachers of youth.

La Salle dedicated much of his life to the education of poor children in France; in doing so, he started many lasting educational practices.
Hermann Flohn
Hermann Flohn (19 February 1912 – 23 June 1997) was a climatologist. Flohn was professor at the University of Bonn and head of the department at the Institute of Meteorology of Bonn University. He produced about 360 publications. Flohn was member in numerous scientific societies such as the Bavarian Academy, the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Royal Academy of Belgium.

Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium
The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) is a non-governmental association that promotes and organises science and the arts in Belgium by coordinating the national and international activities of its constituent academies such as the National Scientific Committees and the representation of Belgium in international scientific organisations.

The RASAB was formed as a non-profit organization (Association without lucrative purpose) in 2001 by the Dutch-speaking academy KVAB (Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten i.e. Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts) and by the French-speaking academy ARB (Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique i.e. The Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium).

The association is headquartered in the buildings of the former Royal Stables at the Academy Palace, Rue Ducale/Hertogstraat 1, 1000 Brussels.
Cummerbund
A cummerbund is a broad waist sash, usually pleated, which is often worn with single-breasted dinner jackets (or tuxedos). The cummerbund was adopted by British military officers in colonial India, where they saw it worn by sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British Indian Army. It was adopted as an alternative to the waistcoat, and later spread to civilian use. The modern use of the cummerbund for Europeans and North Americans is as a component of the traditional black tie Western dress code.

Western dress codes
Western dress codes are a set of dress codes detailing what clothes are worn for what occasion that originated in Western Europe and the United States in the 19th century. Conversely, since most cultures have intuitively applied some level equivalent to the more formal Western dress code traditions, these dress codes are simply a versatile framework, open to amalgamation of international and local customs. This versatility has made this scale of formality a practical international formality scale.

Classifications are divided into formal wear (full dress), semi-formal wear (half dress), and informal wear (undress). Anything below this level is referred to as casual wear, although sometimes in combinations such as "smart casual" or "business casual" in order to indicate higher expectation than none at all.
Eric Machtig
Sir Eric Gustav Machtig, GCMG, OBE (1889 - 24 July 1973) was a British civil servant. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, he entered the civil service as an official in the Colonial Office in 1912; he moved to the Dominions Office in 1930 and he was appointed Permanent Secretary in May 1940; when the office merged with the India and Burma Offices to form the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1947, he became joint Permanent Secretary of the CRO (jointly with Sir Archibald Carter), serving until the end of 1948. Retiring from the civil service in 1949, he became a director of a number of trusts, charities and financial organisations. Both of Machtig's parents were German-born.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
66th Delaware General Assembly
The 66th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, convening January 7, 1851, two weeks before the beginning of the first and second year of the administration of Governor William H. H. Ross.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

William H. H. Ross
William Henry Harrison Ross (June 2, 1814 – June 29, 1887) was an American politician from Seaford, in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as Governor of Delaware.
Sewua
Sewua is a town in the Bosomtwe District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is at an elevation of 230 meters above sea level and inhabited by 104,194 people. The Chief of Sewua is  Nana Kwaku Amankwah Sarkodie II.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Vic Basile
Victor Basile is an author and American LGBTQ rights activist who was the first executive director of the Human Rights Campaign (then the Human Rights Campaign Fund), serving in that position from June 1983 to June 1989.

Basile served in the Clinton Administration at the Peace Corps, raising money for volunteer projects for which there were no appropriated dollars.  He also served in the Obama Administration as a Counselor to the Director of the United States Office of Personnel Management from April 2009 to April 2014 where he advised on LGBTQ issues.  He also advocated for reforms to the federal employee retirement system and supported the overhaul of the agency's website.

In 2023, he published Bending Toward Justice, a memoir and early history of the Human Rights Campaign.

United States Office of Personnel Management
The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that manages the United States federal civil service. The agency provides federal human resources policy, oversight, and support, and tends to healthcare (FEHB), life insurance (FEGLI), and retirement benefits (CSRS and FERS, but not TSP) for federal government employees, retirees, and their dependents.

OPM is headed by a director, who is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. As of July 14, 2025, Scott Kupor is the director.
2017–18 Süper Lig
The 2017–18 Süper Lig, officially called the Spor Toto Süper Lig İlhan Cavcav season, was the 60th season of the Süper Lig, the highest tier football league of Turkey. The season was named after İlhan Cavcav, the longtime chairman of Gençlerbirliği S.K.

İlhan Cavcav
İlhan Cavcav (4 October 1935 – 22 January 2017) was the chairman of Turkish club Gençlerbirliği in Ankara, Turkey for almost 40 years until his death. He was known for his hard negotiation tactics with the big clubs in Turkey and scouting abilities especially for discovering talent from Africa.
2024–25 Vermont Catamounts men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Vermont Catamounts men's basketball team represented the University of Vermont during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Catamounts, led by 14th-year head coach John Becker, played their home games at the Patrick Gym located in Burlington, Vermont as members of the America East Conference. For the first time since 2021, Vermont failed to qualify for the NCAA Tournament as they were defeated by Maine in the semifinals of the America East tournament.

2024–25 Maine Black Bears men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Maine Black Bears men's basketball team represented the University of Maine during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Black Bears, led by third-year head coach Chris Markwood, play their home games at Memorial Gymnasium in Orono, Maine, as members of the America East Conference.
LAPLander
LAPLander (short for a light airbag-protected lander) is a prototype of a space probe primarily intended for measurements in the ionosphere. The prototype aims to evaluate the flight characteristics, e.g. air braking, of a flight from the border of space. Furthermore, the impact protection and recovery systems will be evaluated. As the name says, the recovery system is based on airbags, that serve both deceleration and impact protection. The future version of LAPLander will make it possible to do multi-point measurements, which will be of great help in the research of the complex processes within the ionosphere that contributes to auroras and disturbances in satellite communication.

Air brake (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, air brakes, or speed brakes, are a type of flight control surface used on an aircraft to increase the drag on the aircraft. When extended into the airstream, air brakes cause an increase in the drag on the aircraft. When not in use, they conform to the local streamlined profile of the aircraft in order to help minimize drag.

Air brakes differ from spoilers in that air brakes are designed to increase drag while making little change to lift, whereas spoilers reduce the lift-to-drag ratio and require a higher angle of attack to maintain lift, resulting in a higher stall speed. However, flight spoilers are routinely referred to as "speed brakes" on transport aircraft by pilots and manufacturers, despite significantly reducing lift.
Federal Returning Officer
In Germany, the Federal Returning Officer (German: Bundeswahlleiterin [ˈbʊndəsvaːlˌlaɪtəʁɪn] ⓘ when the office is held by a woman, Bundeswahlleiter [ˈbʊndəsvaːlˌlaɪtɐ] ⓘ when by a man) is the Returning Officer responsible for overseeing elections on the federal level. The Federal Returning Officer and their deputy are appointed indefinitely by the Federal Minister of the Interior; traditionally this position has been held by the President of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.

Grammatical gender in German
All German nouns are included in one of three genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. While the gender often does not directly influence the plural forms of nouns, there are exceptions, particularly when it comes to people and professions (e.g. Ärzte/Ärztinnen).

In German, it is useful to memorize nouns with their accompanying definite article in order to remember their gender. However, for about 80% of nouns, the grammatical gender can be deduced from their singular and plural forms and their meaning.
Tablón de Tamará Airport
Tablón de Tamará Airport (IATA: TTM) is an airport serving the village of Tablón de Tamará in the Casanare Department of Colombia. The runway and village sit on a ridge in the eastern foothills of the Colombian Andes. The runway is adjacent to and south of the village.

Casanare Department
Casanare (Spanish pronunciation: [kasaˈnaɾe], Spanish: Departamento de Casanare) is a department located in the central eastern of Colombia. It is famous for its oil and natural gas production as well as its livestock and extensive plains. It is also the tenth largest department with an area of 44,490 km2, similar to that of Denmark, but also the seventh least densely populated.

Its capital is Yopal, which is also the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yopal.

It contains oil fields and an 800 km pipeline leading to the coastal port of Coveñas owned by BP.
Philip McElwaine
Philip McElwaine (born 5 December 1957) is an Australian boxer and motorcycle club member. He was born in Maitland, New South Wales. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.  He was the Middleweight Gold medalist in the 1978 Commonwealth Games.

In 1984, McElwaine was arrested and charged with seven counts of murder for his part in the Milperra massacre.  The charges were later reduced to that of affray after police acted as character witnesses for him, stating that McElwaine, who was a volunteer at the Police and Community Youth Club, was "a monument to the police boys' movement as a whole." McElwaine was the only club member to be acquitted of the manslaughter and murder charges that were brought against them.

Maitland, New South Wales
Maitland (/ˈmeɪtlənd/ MAYT-lənd) is a city in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia and the seat of Maitland City Council, situated on the Hunter River approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) by road north of Sydney and 35 km (22 mi) north-west of Newcastle. It is on the New England Highway approximately 17 km (11 mi) from its origin at Hexham.

At the 2021 census it had approximately 89,597 inhabitants, spread over an area of 392 square kilometres (151 sq mi), with most of the population located in a strip along the New England Highway between the suburbs of Lochinvar and Thornton. The city centre is located on the right bank of the Hunter River, protected from moderate potential flooding by a levee.

Surrounding areas include the cities of Cessnock and Singleton local government areas.