hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fimmelsberg
Fimmelsberg is a village in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1228 as Vilmarsperc.

Fimmelsberg is located in the former municipality Griesenberg. In 1995 Griesenberg municipality merged with its neighbor to form a new and larger municipality Amlikon-Bissegg.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
Annunciation (Lorenzetti)
The Annunciation is a painting by the Italian late medieval painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti, signed and dated  1344, now housed in the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Siena. It was painted for the Ufficio della Gabella ("Office of the Tax") of the commune of Siena, as specified by two-line signature at the bottom (the painter named himself Ambruogio Lorenzi).  It was originally located in the Consistory Hall of the Palazzo Pubblico.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian pronunciation: [amˈbrɔːdʒo lorenˈtsetti]; c. 1290 – after 9 August 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active from approximately 1317 to 1348. He painted The Allegory of Good and Bad Government in the Sala dei Nove (Salon of Nine or Council Room) in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico. His elder brother was the painter Pietro Lorenzetti.
Viktor Ninov
Viktor Ninov (Bulgarian: Виктор Нинов; born 19 June 1988, Cherven Bryag) is a Bulgarian athlete competing in the high jump.

As a junior, he finished thirteenth at the 2009 European U23 Championships.

He later competed at the 2010 European Championships, the 2011 European Indoor Championships, the 2011 World Championships, the 2012 World Indoor Championships, the 2012 European Championships, the 2012 Olympic Games and the 2013 European Indoor Championships without ever reaching the final.

His personal best jump is 2.29 metres, achieved in July 2011 in Plovdiv. Indoors he has recorded 2.30 metres in February 2013 in Prague.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Afizere
The Afizere people (Other:  Afizarek, exonym: Jarawa) are an ethnic group in Nigeria that occupy Jos East, Jos North, parts of Jos South and Mangu Local Government Areas of Plateau State and parts of Toro and Tafawa Balewa Local Government Areas of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Afizere are speakers of Izere language. The neighbors of the Afizere to the north are the Hausa and Jarawan Dass. To the east and southeast are the Zari, Zaar and Pyem. To the south and southwest are the Berom while the Irigwe  and Bache (or Rukuba) lie to the west. Northwest of the Afizere are many ethnic groups, the closest of which are the Anaguta, Bujel, Ribina, Kayauri and Duguza;  more distant ones include Buji, Gusu, Sanga, Jere, Amoa, and Lemoro.

Boze language
Boze, also rendered Buji, is an East Kainji language of Nigeria belonging to the Shammo cluster. Boze is spoken in a contiguous area Bicizà, directly to the north of Jos city in Plateau State, Nigeria.

Dialects include Boze, Gorong, and Firu.
Sean Longden
Sean Longden (born 1965 in Clapham, Bedfordshire, England) is an author and historian who specialises in British social history during World War II, his work extensively uses oral history interviews and first person accounts. He was educated at Sharnbrook Upper School and The School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), University College London.

UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
The UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES /ˈsiːs/) is a school of University College London (UCL) specializing in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia. It teaches a range of subjects, including the history, politics, literature, sociology, economics and languages of the region. It is Britain's largest centre for study of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and Russia. It has links with universities across Europe and beyond. It became part of UCL in 1999.
Pokuttia
Pokuttia, also known as  Pokuttya or Pokutia, (Ukrainian: Покуття; Polish: Pokucie; Romanian: Pocuția) is a historical area of East-Central Europe, situated between the Dniester and Cheremosh rivers and the Carpathian Mountains, in the southwestern part of modern Ukraine. Although the historic heart of the area was Kolomyia, the name Pokuttia (literally 'around the corner') is derived from the town of Kuty, which literally means 'angles' or 'corners'. The region is now inhabited mainly by Ukrainians.

East-Central Europe
East-Central Europe is a geopolitical term that primarily encompasses the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The area is bordered by East Slavic countries to the east and Germanic-speaking countries to the west.

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe, which is based on criteria whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe.
Endothenia hebesana
Endothenia hebesana, the verbena bud moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Texas, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, California, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario. The habitat consists of black spruce-sphagnum bogs.

The length of the forewings is 5-8.2 mm for both sexes. The forewings vary from dusky brown to clay. Adults are on wing from late April to mid-June in one or multiple generations per year depending on the latitude.

The larvae feed on the seeds of Antirrhinum, Gentiana, Gerardia, Iris, Orthocarpus, Penstemon, Physostegia, Solidago, Stachys, Teucrium, Tigridia, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Sarracenia, Scrophularia and Scutellaria species. There are five larval instars. Instars four and five overwinter in the flower stalks of the host plant. Pupation takes place in late May.

Scrophularia
The genus Scrophularia of the family Scrophulariaceae comprises about 200 species of herbaceous flowering plants commonly known as figworts. Species of Scrophularia all share square stems, opposite leaves and open two-lipped flowers forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Scrophularia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus hectoides.

Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoids, and several Scrophularia species, such as the Ningpo figwort (S. ningpoensis), have been used by herbal medicine practitioners around the world. The name Scrophularia comes from scrofula, a form of tuberculosis, because several species have been used in herbal medicine for this disease.
Karkala
Karkala (Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə]) (Tulu: [kɑːɾlə]) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. It is well known as an important center of Jainism, with several ancient basadis (Jain temples) and the iconic 42-foot monolithic statue of Bahubali (Gommateshwara) dating back to the 15th century. Karkala lies near the foothills of the Western Ghats, and has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri, Sringeri, Kalasa, Horanadu, Udupi, Kollur, Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala.

Mogaveera
Mogaveera is a fishermen community in the Tulunad region of South West India. They dominated the maritime business  of the region. Mogaveera people form a community who dominate fishing and marine activities in and around Mangalore and Udupi. The word "Mogaveera" is believed to be derived from the words "Moga" (brave) and "Veera" (warrior), indicating their origins as courageous coastal warriors and sea navigators. Fishing has been the main occupation of the Mogaveeras for centuries. They have developed a deep understanding of the sea, tides, and marine ecosystems. With modernization, many members of the community have also diversified into other professions such as shipping, business, and entrepreneurship, especially in coastal cities and abroad.
S. Azmat Hassan
Syed Azmat Hassan is a former Ambassador of Pakistan and a former senior faculty associate of the School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University, specialising in Diplomacy and Middle Eastern studies. He was associated with the Lahore University of Management Sciences in its Humanities and Social Sciences Department. He was born on 7 August 1944 in Sialkot, Pakistan to Syed Fida Hassan and Zeenat Hassan. He died on 13 January 2020.

Seton Hall University
Seton Hall University (SHU) is a private Catholic research university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.

Seton Hall consists of 9 schools and colleges and has an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university is known for its men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 79–80 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The resulting increase in national television exposure has led to increasing numbers of applications from prospective students.
An Excellent Mystery
An Excellent Mystery is a mystery novel by Ellis Peters, the third of four set in the year 1141, when so much occurred in the period known as the Anarchy. It is the 11th in the Cadfael Chronicles, published in 1985.

The siege of Winchester sends monks streaming across England seeking safe haven. Two arrive at Shrewsbury Abbey. A young man seeks out the older of the two monks, wanting his approval to marry a young woman once meant for another, and she cannot be found. His quest begins.

Rout of Winchester
In the Rout of Winchester (14 September 1141) the army of imprisoned King Stephen of England, led by his wife, Queen Matilda, Stephen's brother Bishop Henry of Winchester, and William of Ypres, faced the army of Stephen's cousin Empress Matilda, whose forces were commanded by her half-brother Earl Robert of Gloucester. After Empress Matilda's army besieged a castle on the edge of Winchester, Queen Matilda's army arrived and blockaded the Angevin army within the city. Cut off from supplies, the Angevin army gave up the siege, then was crushed as it began to retreat. Robert of Gloucester was captured and was subsequently exchanged for Stephen, who was returned to the throne of England. However, the civil war known as The Anarchy dragged on with neither side gaining an advantage.
The Hurdy-Gurdy Player with a Dog
The Hurdy-Gurdy Player with a Dog is an oil-on-canvas painting executed c. 1622 by the French artist Georges de La Tour, now in the Musée du Mont-de-Piété de Bergues. It belongs to his early period and forms part of a set of works on the same subject, which also includes The Hurdy-Gurdy Player. He is also featured in The Musicians' Brawl.

Bergues
Bergues (French pronunciation: [bɛʁɡ] ⓘ; Dutch: Sint-Winoksbergen; West Flemish: Bergn) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is situated 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south of Dunkirk and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Belgian border. Locally it is referred to as "the other Bruges in Flanders". Bergues is a setting for the 2008 movie Welcome to the Sticks (Original French title: Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis).
European Retail Park Brăila
European Retail Park Brăila (ERP Brăila) is a commercial complex in Romania. It was developed by the Belgian company BelRom with an investment fund of 60 million euros and was inaugurated in May 2008. In September 2009 it was acquired by NEPI Rockcastle through a transaction of 63 million euros. It has a surface of 60,000 square metres (650,000 square feet) and is located in the village of Vărsătura close to the city of Brăila.

The commercial complex is projected to serve to one million people throughout six nearby counties, more precisely the Brăila, Buzău, Galați, Ialomița, Tulcea and Vrancea counties. The complex is composed by stores of Altex, Bricostore, Carrefour and, most notably, by the Promenada Mall Brăila. The main tenants of the latter include Deichmann SE, KFC, New Yorker and many others.

Tulcea County
Tulcea County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Northern Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea. It includes in its northeast corner the large and thinly-populated delta of the Danube.
Børge Johan Schultz
Børge Johan Schultz (1764-1826) was a Norwegian official who served as Royal Inspector of North Greenland from 1790 to 1797.

Born in the prestegjeld of Ringsaker to a middle-class family, Schultz studied law at the University of Copenhagen, where he graduated in 1788. In 1790, he was appointed as inspector of North Greenland upon the resignation of his predecessor, Jens Clausen Wille, who left the colony due to its disorganized state. During his tenure as inspector, Schultz encountered numerous problems in the colony, including disease and famine caused by English overfishing.

In 1796, he passed a law allowing European settlers and Greenlandic Inuit to marry.

He requested dismissal in 1796, which was granted the following year. He returned to Norway, where he was appointed Vogt of Østre Toten. He died in 1826, at the age of 62.

Østre Toten Municipality
Østre Toten is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Toten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lena. Other villages in the municipality include Kapp, Kolbu, Kraby, Lensbygda, Nordlia, Skreia, and Sletta.

The 562.52-square-kilometre (217.19 sq mi) municipality is the 192nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Østre Toten Municipality is the 85th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 14,827. The municipality's population density is 26.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (68/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Aceh War
The Aceh War (Indonesian: Perang Aceh; Acehnese: Prang Acèh; 1873–1904), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873. The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia.

The campaign drew controversy in the Netherlands and Aceh as photographs and accounts of the death toll were reported. After early 20th century (1904), Aceh surrendered.

Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah
Sultan Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah, also known as Ali Alauddin Mansur Syah (died 1870) was the thirty-third sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He was the eighth ruler of the House of Royal Buginese Wajoq-Aceh and ruled de facto from 1838, formally from 1857 to 1870.
Finkbine-Guild Lumber Company
The Finkbine-Guild Lumber Company was established to harvest and market the virgin longleaf pine (Pinus palustris L.) stands of southern Mississippi during the early 20th century.  The main sawmills were located in Wiggins and D'Lo, Mississippi.  When the local timber supply dwindled, the company tried to utilize redwood trees from California, but that operation failed because of high transportation costs.  Other attempts were made at promoting a more diversified use of the cutover timberlands; some ventures were successful while others were not.

Longleaf pine
The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is a pine species native to the Southeastern United States, found along the coastal plain from East Texas to southern Virginia, extending into northern and central Florida. In this area it is also known as "yellow pine" or "long leaf yellow pine", although it is properly just one out of a number of species termed yellow pine.  It reaches a height of 30–35 m (98–115 ft) and a diameter of 0.7 m (28 in). In the past, before extensive logging, they reportedly grew to 47 m (154 ft) with a diameter of 1.2 m (47 in). The tree is a cultural symbol of the Southern United States, being the official state tree of Alabama. This particular species is one of the eight pine tree species that falls under the "Pine" designation as the state tree of North Carolina.
Er Wang Dong
Er Wang Dong (Chinese: 二王洞; lit. 'Second Royal Cave') is a large cave in the Wulong Karst region, in Wulong County of Chongqing Municipality of China.

Current known length of its passages is 42,139 metres (138,251 ft) with a maximum depth of 441 m (1,447 ft). It is large enough to contain its own weather system. The cave starts in the 195 m (640 ft) deep Niubizi tiankeng (牛鼻子天坑; "ox nose sinkhole") and also contains the 295 m (968 ft) deep Qingkou tiankeng.

Er Wang Dong cave has formed in Lower Ordovician limestone and is located close to another very large cave system - San Wang Dong.

Both caves were explored by Hong Meigui Cave Exploration Society. Local people make weather forecasts based on the observations in Niubizi tiankeng - if there is a fog coming from the cave, rain is expected.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Bruchem
Bruchem is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 11 km north of 's-Hertogenbosch.

Bruchem was a separate municipality, which was renamed in 1818, to "Kerkwijk".

It was first mentioned in the first quarter of the 13th century as Bruchem, and means "settlement on swampy land". There is an 868 reference to Brucheim, however it is not clear whether it is the same settlement. The village developed into a stretched out esdorp. The nave of the Protestant church dates from around 1300, and the choir dates from the 14th century. In 1840, Bruchem was home to 452 people.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Hiram na Alaala
Hiram na Alaala (transl. borrowed memory / international title: Memories of Love) is a Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Dominic Zapata, it stars Dennis Trillo, Kris Bernal, Lauren Young and Rocco Nacino. It premiered on September 22, 2014 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on January 9, 2015 with a total of 80 episodes.

Lauren Young
Lauren Anne Talde Young (born November 8, 1993) is a Filipino and American  actress, singer, and model. She is the younger sister of actress and Miss World 2013 Megan Young. She is currently an exclusive artist of GMA Network.
Raffaella De Laurentiis
Raffaella De Laurentiis (born 28 June 1952) is an Italian film producer. Films which she has produced include Conan the Barbarian, Conan the Destroyer, Dune, Prancer, Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story, all films in the Dragonheart series, The Forbidden Kingdom and Kull the Conqueror.

She is the daughter of film producer Dino De Laurentiis and actress Silvana Mangano. She is the sister of Veronica De Laurentiis, who is the mother of Food Network chef Giada De Laurentiis. She appeared in eighteen episodes of Giada's show Giada at Home.

Giada at Home
Giada at Home is an American cooking show hosted by Giada De Laurentiis. It first aired on October 18, 2008 on the Food Network. Production ended in June 2015.

The show was nominated for two Daytime Emmys in 2009: for Outstanding Culinary Program and Outstanding Directing in a Lifestyle/Culinary Program, and won for the latter award.

The show was nominated for four Daytime Emmys in 2010 for; Outstanding Multi-Camera Editing, Outstanding Directing in a Lifestyle/Culinary Program, Outstanding Lifestyle/Culinary Host (Giada De Laurentiis) and Outstanding Culinary Program.  It won in the categories of Outstanding Directing in a Lifestyle/Culinary Program (2nd year in a row) and Outstanding Culinary Program.

An episode on April 19, 2015 rated 641,000 U.S. viewers.
John Fitzgerald (computer scientist)
John S. Fitzgerald FBCS (born 1965) is a British computer scientist. He is a professor at Newcastle University. He was the head of the School of Computing before taking on the role of Dean of Strategic Projects in the university’s Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. His research interests are in the area of dependable computer systems and formal methods, with a background in the VDM. He is a former Chair of Formal Methods Europe and committee member of BCS-FACS.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.