hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Robert Brown
James Robert Brown FRSC (born 1949) is a Canadian philosopher of science. He is an emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. In the philosophy of mathematics, he has advocated mathematical Platonism, visual reasoning, and in the philosophy of science he has defended scientific realism mostly against anti-realist views associated with social constructivism. He has also argued for the socialization of medical research (especially pharmaceutical research). He is largely known for his work on thought experiments.

Elected: Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina –
Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften) 2004, Royal Society of Canada 2007, Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences 2010.

Brown was born in Montreal, Quebec. He is married to the philosopher Kathleen Okruhlik.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Rakowo Piskie
Rakowo Piskie [raˈkɔvɔ ˈpiskʲɛ] (German: Adlig Rakowen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pisz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Pisz and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Pisz County
Pisz County (Polish: powiat piski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pisz, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Orzysz, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Pisz, Ruciane-Nida, 17 km (11 mi) west of Pisz, and Biała Piska, 18 km (11 mi) east of Pisz.

The county covers an area of 1,776.17 square kilometres (685.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,553, out of which the population of Pisz is 19,332, that of Orzysz is 5,804, that of Ruciane-Nida is 4,894, that of Biała Piska is 4,006, and the rural population is 23,517.
1988 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Mercedes Paz and Eva Pfaff were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Paz with Mary Lou Daniels and Pfaff with Zina Garrison.

Daniels and Paz lost in the second round to Bettina Fulco and Emilse Raponi-Longo.

Garrison and Pfaff lost in the semifinals to Lori McNeil and Martina Navratilova.

McNeil and Navratilova won in the final 6–2, 2–6, 6–3 against Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Gabriela Sabatini.

Claudia Kohde-Kilsch
Claudia Kohde-Kilsch (née Kohde; born 11 December 1963) is a former German tennis player and member of the Die Linke. During her tennis career, she won two women's doubles Grand Slam titles. She also won eight singles titles and a total of 25 doubles titles.
No Treasure but Hope
No Treasure but Hope is the twelfth studio album by English alternative rock band Tindersticks, released on 15 November 2019 on Lucky Dog Recordings/City Slang. Although the album failed to chart in the UK, it achieved modest chart placings in other European countries.

Tindersticks
Tindersticks are an English alternative rock band formed in Nottingham in 1992. They released six albums before singer Stuart A. Staples embarked on a solo career. The band reunited briefly in 2006 and more permanently the following year. The band recorded several film soundtracks, and have a long-standing collaboration with French director Claire Denis.
Bellaterra (Barcelona–Vallès Line)
Bellaterra is a railway station on the Sabadell branch of the Barcelona-Vallès line of the FGC, located in the Bellaterra neighborhood of Cerdanyola del Vallès, about 17 km from Barcelona in Spain.

Construction began in 1929 and the station opened on 22 June 1930. In 1984, a third track was built as part of a new single-track shuttle service to the new station serving the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), which was later doubled-tracked and re-routed through it in 1995.

This station is the closest station to the UAB residential hall (Vila Universitària).

Cerdanyola del Vallès
Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalan pronunciation: [səɾðəˈɲɔlə ðəl βəˈʎɛs]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Occidental in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the north side of the Collserola ridge. The town is served by the A-7 and C-58 motorways, the N-150 road and the Renfe railway commuter lines R4 and R7. It is well known as the site of the main campus of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (at Bellaterra) and hosts the ALBA (synchrotron) located in the Barcelona Synchrotron Park.
Gravel (surname)
Gravel or Gravell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

François Gravel (born 1951), Canadian writer

François Gravel (ice hockey) (born 1968), Canadian hockey player

John Gravel (born 1941), Canadian ice hockey player

Karl Gravell, Canadian airman posthumously awarded the George Cross in 1941

Kevin Gravel, (born 1992), American ice hockey player

Mike Gravel (1930–2021), American politician; U.S. senator for Alaska

Ray Gravell, Welsh rugby union player

Raymond Gravel, Canadian Catholic priest and politician

Robert Gravel, 20th-century Canadian actor and theatre figure

François Gravel
François Gravel (born October 4, 1951) is a Canadian writer from Quebec. Most noted as an author of literature for children and young adults, he has also published a number of adult novels.

An economics graduate of the Université du Québec à Montréal, Gravel taught economics at Cégep Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu until 2006. He is the partner of writer Michèle Marineau and the father of writer and illustrator Élise Gravel.

His most recent adult novel, À vos ordres, colonel Parkinson!, was inspired by his own recent diagnosis with Parkinson's disease. This book is available in an English translation titled "Colonel Parkinson in Charge: A Wry Reflection on My Incurable Illness" (House of Anansi Press, 2023), translated by Shelley Pomerance.

Many of his works have been translated into English by Sheila Fischman.
BBC in Session
BBC In Session is a compilation of four BBC sessions by the La's, containing the band's session appearances on radio shows hosted by Janice Long, Liz Kershaw, Bob Harris and Nicky Campbell. The songs were compiled from recording sessions starting September 2, 1987 with the last track being recorded October 7, 1990. The album was released on September 18, 2006, to small scale acclaim, being given generally favorable reviews from the outlets that ranked it. AllMusic makes the claim that this album could possibly be the closest example of the “rootsy, stripped back sound” that Lee Mavers was attempting to achieve on the La's debut album, but this is disputed due to material from the La's being in such short supply.

Liz Kershaw
Elizabeth Marguerita Mary Kershaw (born 30 July 1958) is an English radio broadcaster. She is one of the longest serving female national radio DJs in the UK, celebrating 30 years on national BBC Radio in 2017.
The Man Who Changed His Name (1928 film)
The Man Who Changed His Name is a 1928 British silent mystery film directed by A. V. Bramble and starring Stewart Rome, Betty Faire and James Raglan. It is an adaptation of the play of the same title by Edgar Wallace. It was made at Beaconsfield Studios. The screenplay concerns a young woman who comes to suspect that her husband may in fact be a Canadian fugitive from justice, who murdered his last wife.

Beaconsfield Film Studios
Beaconsfield Film Studios is a British television and film studio in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. The studios were operational as a production site for films in 1922, and continued producing films - and, later, TV shows - until the 1960s. Britain's first talking movie was recorded there, as were films starring British actors Gracie Fields, Peter Sellers and John Mills.

Since 1971 it has been the home of the National Film and Television School, an internationally recognized postgraduate school for film and TV production, famous as the birthplace of the animated characters Wallace and Gromit.
Philippa Beams
Philippa Beams is a New Zealand former professional squash player who was also a former national champion and world doubles champion in the women's category. She represented New Zealand national women's squash team in several international competitions including the British Open Squash Championships, World Open Squash Championships and in World Team Squash Championships in a career spanning from 1992 to 1998. She achieved her highest career PSA ranking of 14 in January 1998 as a part of the 1998 PSA World Tour.

Professional Squash Association
The Professional Squash Association, or simply the PSA, is the governing body for the men's and women's professional squash circuit. The body operates in a similar fashion to the ATP and the WTA for tennis. The PSA's highest professional level, the PSA Squash Tour involves over 250 tournaments annually around the world. Over 1,200 players from five continents and more than 60 countries are registered with the PSA. Rankings are updated weekly based on performances.
Society for Indecency to Naked Animals
The Society for Indecency to Naked Animals, or SINA [pronounced "sinna"], was a satirical hoax concocted by serial prankster Alan Abel.  The group used the language and rhetoric of conservative moralists for the ostensible aim of clothing "indecent" naked animals, including domestic pets, barnyard animals, and large wildlife.  The society and its aims were then largely presented in the public arena on news and talk shows by comedian/improviser Buck Henry (in the guise of SINA president "G. Clifford Prout") from 1959 through 1963.

Hoax
A hoax (pl.: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible.

Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such.
Whitford, Devon
Whitford is a village near Axminster in East Devon.

It is situated  on the western bank of the River Axe, which is crossed via a small bridge with a weir under it on a lane that joins the A358 road at Musbury. The West of England Main Line runs through a cutting close to the village, which is four miles north of the Jurassic Coast at Seaton.

The village has a church, St Mary at the Cross, a village hall, and some attractive thatched cottages and is within the East Devon AONB.

Notable individuals residing in this village include LOUIS (bicycler).

West of England line
The West of England line (also known as the West of England Main Line) is a railway line from Basingstoke, Hampshire, to Exeter St Davids in Devon, England. Passenger services run between London Waterloo station and Exeter via the South West Main Line; the line intersects with the Wessex Main Line at Salisbury.

The line was constructed by the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) and the Salisbury and Yeovil Railway between 1854 and 1860, with the L&SWR eventually gaining full operation. Although it was once a significant connection from London to Southwest England, it has declined in importance since the years following the 1963 Beeching Report. Exeter can be reached more quickly from London Paddington via the Reading–Taunton line, with this route providing the only direct route to destinations west of Exeter since 2009. However, the West of England line is still important as a freight and diversionary route.
1998 Gerry Weber Open
The 1998 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 6th edition of the Gerry Weber Open, and was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It took place at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, Westfalen, Germany, from 8 June through 15 June 1998. Second-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

Halle (Westfalen)
Halle (German pronunciation: [ˈhalə] ⓘ), officially Halle (Westf.) or Halle Westfalen (i.e. Westphalia) to distinguish it from the larger Halle (Saale), is a town in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, 15 km west of Bielefeld. It belongs to the district of Gütersloh in the region of Detmold.
Nesmy
Nesmy (French pronunciation: [nɛmi]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It is located 30 km (19 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 10 km (6.2 mi) from La Roche-sur-Yon.

Nesmy is part of the Communauté d'agglomération La Roche-sur-Yon Agglomération (before 2010, it was : the Communauté de Communes du Pays Yonnais).

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Connacht Under-21 Hurling Championship
For the Senior equivalent see: Connacht Senior Hurling Championship

The Connacht U-21 Hurling Championship is an U-21 hurling tournament. The winners of the Connacht championship go on to qualify for the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship. The last winners of the Connacht championship was Galway in 2005, there was no competition in 2006 and 2007 therefore Galway went straight to the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship without playing a game. Galway are the only team to win the Connacht championship and it has only been played on 8 occasions due to a lack of a competitive side to compete with in Connacht.

The competition was resurrected in 2010 as part of the All-Ireland B Under-21 Hurling Championship. The final was won by Roscommon who defeated Mayo 3–10 to 0–10.

Roscommon GAA
The Roscommon County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Ros Comáin) or Roscommon GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Roscommon.

The county board is also responsible for the Roscommon county teams.

The county football team was the third from the province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), following Galway and Mayo. It competes in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, which it has won 23 times. The team won back-to-back All-Ireland SFC titles in 1943 and 1944.
Lumbovka
The Lumbovka (Russian: Лумбовка) is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 80 kilometres (50 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,040 square kilometres (400 sq mi). The Lumbovka flows into the Lumbovsky Gulf of the White Sea.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
George Gainer
George Gainer is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Florida Senate from 2016 until 2022. He represented the 2nd district, encompassing Bay, Holmes, Jackson, Walton, Washington, and part of Okaloosa Counties, in the Florida Panhandle. He previously served as a Bay County commissioner, representing Tyndall AFB and other parts of southern Bay County, from 1968 to 1972 and 2002 to 2016.

Walton County, Florida
Walton County is a county located on the Emerald Coast in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Florida, with its southern border on the Gulf of Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,305. Its county seat is DeFuniak Springs. The county is home to the highest natural point in Florida: Britton Hill, at 345 feet (105 m). Walton County is included in the Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Alaska Nanooks
The Alaska Nanooks are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Nanooks name is derived from the Inupiaq "nanuq", meaning polar bear. The school colors are blue and gold. The Nanooks compete at the NCAA Division II level for all sports except men's ice hockey (NCAA Division I). The majority of Nanooks sports are members of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC), the hockey team is an Independent (after spending several years in the CCHA) and plays at the 4,595-seat Carlson Center located west of downtown Fairbanks, while the women's swim team is a member of the Pacific Collegiate Swimming and Diving Conference (PCSC), the men's and women's skiing teams are members of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association (RMISA), and the rifle team competes as a member of the Patriot Rifle Conference.

Carlson Center
The Carlson Center is a 5,100-seat multi-purpose arena in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. It is the second largest arena in Alaska by seating capacity after the Sullivan Arena in Anchorage. It is home to the University of Alaska Fairbanks Nanooks ice hockey team and also serves as the site for the university's commencement exercises as well as graduation ceremonies for Lathrop, West Valley, and North Pole High Schools.  The building served as the site for the Top Of The World preseason college basketball tournament until its demise in 2007.  Opening in 1990, the venue is named after John A. Carlson (1920–1988), who served as Fairbanks North Star Borough mayor from 1968 to 1982.

The facility is located on the banks of the Chena River near Growden Memorial Park. It is owned by the Fairbanks North Star Borough and managed by Terrell Echols of Fairbanks North Star Borough.
USS Dynamic (AM-91)
USS Dynamic (AM-91) was an Adroit-class minesweeper of the United States Navy. It was laid down on 16 January 1942 by the Dravo Corporation, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, launched on 26 May 1942, and commissioned on 15 September 1942. The ship was reclassified as a submarine chaser PC-1595 on 1 June 1944.

Neville Township, Pennsylvania
Neville Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its land area consists entirely of Neville Island, which is an island on the Ohio River. The population was 1,108 at the 2020 census.
Šmohor
Šmohor (pronounced [ˈʃmɔːxɔɾ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills northwest of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local church, from which the settlement gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Hermagoras (Slovene: sveti Mohor) and belongs to the Parish of Laško. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1421.

Municipality of Laško
The Municipality of Laško (pronounced [ˈlaːʃkɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Laško)  is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Driven right leg circuit
A driven right leg circuit (DRL circuit; also known as the right leg driving technique) is an electric circuit that is often added to biological signal amplifiers to reduce common-mode interference. Biological signal amplifiers such as ECG (electrocardiogram), EEG (electroencephalogram), or EMG circuits measure very small electrical signals emitted by the body, often as small as several micro-volts (millionths of a volt). However, the patient's body can also act as an antenna which picks up electromagnetic interference, especially 50/60 Hz noise from electrical power lines. This interference can obscure the biological signals, making them very hard to measure. Right leg driver circuitry is used to eliminate interference noise by actively cancelling the interference.

Other methods of noise control include:

Faraday cage

Twisting Wires

High Gain Instrumentation Amplifier

Filtering

Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. Needle EMG is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique commonly used by neurologists. Surface EMG is a non-medical procedure used to assess muscle activation by several professionals, including physiotherapists, kinesiologists and biomedical engineers. In computer science, EMG is also used as middleware in gesture recognition towards allowing the input of physical action to a computer as a form of human-computer interaction.
All-NBL Canada Team
The All-NBL Canada Team is an annual National Basketball League of Canada honor given to the best players in the league following every NBLC season. It has been presented to a total of fifteen players, divided into three separate five-man lineups, since 2012–13. In the 2011–12 NBL Canada season, the third team was not included. Anthony Anderson holds the record for the most first-team selections, with three. He is followed by Brandon Robinson, who has been named to two such teams.

Brandon Robinson (basketball)
Brandon Robinson (born March 25, 1989) is an American professional basketball player. Robinson played with Seminole State College of Florida and Clayton State University at the college level. He began his professional career in Canada where he was named NBL Canada Rookie of the Year and All-Star Game Most Valuable Player in 2012.

Robinson went on to make a name for himself playing for several clubs in the Americas. With Argentinian club Quimsa, he was a two-time BCL Americas champion and the only player to win the league's MVP award twice, in 2020 and 2024. He also won the 2022 FIBA Intercontinental Cup while playing with Flamengo.
United States District Court for the District of Minnesota
The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (in case citations, D. Minn.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Minnesota. Its two primary courthouses are in Minneapolis and Saint Paul. Cases are also heard in the federal courthouses in Duluth and Fergus Falls.

Appeals from the District of Minnesota are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Fergus Falls, Minnesota
Fergus Falls (/ˈfɜːrɡəs/ FUR-gəss) is a city in and the county seat of Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,119 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 14,258 in 2024.