hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trace class
In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, a trace-class operator is a linear operator for which a trace may be defined, such that the trace is a finite number independent of the choice of basis used to compute the trace. This trace of trace-class operators generalizes the trace of matrices studied in linear algebra. All trace-class operators are compact operators.

In quantum mechanics, quantum states are described by density matrices, which are certain trace class operators.

Trace-class operators are essentially the same as nuclear operators, though many authors reserve the term "trace-class operator" for the special case of nuclear operators on Hilbert spaces and use the term "nuclear operator" in more general topological vector spaces (such as Banach spaces).

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Daniel Micallef
Daniel Micallef (8 June 1928 – 9 December 2022) was a Maltese doctor, politician, and diplomat.

He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1982 to 1986, was a long-standing Member of Parliament, briefly served as Minister of Education, Culture and the Environment, and later represented Malta as Ambassador to the Holy See and to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He also .

Rabat, Malta
Rabat (Maltese: Ir-Rabat [ɪˈrːɐbɐt]) is a town in the Western Region of Malta, with a population of 11,497 as of March 2014. It adjoins the ancient capital city of Mdina, and a north-western part of Rabat was in the Roman city of Melite until its medieval retrenchment.

The Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See to the Republic of Malta is seated in this village. The Local Council of Rabat is also the administrator of Baħrija. Parts of the films Munich and Black Eagle were shot in Rabat. In December 1999, Mtarfa was split from Rabat to form a separate Local Council by Act XXI, an amendment to the Local Council Act of 1993 (Act XV). In 2021, Rabat was transferred from the Northern Region to the newly-created Western Region as part of a reorganization of the regions of Malta.
Latinos '08
Latinos '08 is a PBS documentary that examines the political influence of Latinos through the lens of the 2008 presidential election. Since 2008, shifting demographics in the United States are reshaping elections, changing the political landscape, and impacting policy at the federal, state, and local levels.  Latinos and other racial/ethnic groups are challenging the ways in which politicians, academics and other cultural influencers consider and discuss race by  upending this country's black/white racial binary paradigm.

Latinos '08 features interviews with a wide range of prominent Latinos, including Henry Cisneros, consultant Lionel Sosa, columnist Ruben Navarrette Jr., Federico Peña, Ana Navarro, Leslie Sanchez, Luis Cortés of Esperanza USA, and academics Lisa García Bedolla of University of California at Berkeley, Rodolfo de la Garza of Columbia University, Roberto Suro of the University of Southern California and Luis Fraga of the University of Washington.

Ana Navarro
Ana Violeta Navarro-Cárdenas (née Navarro Flores; born December 28, 1971) is a Nicaraguan-American political strategist and commentator. She appears on various television programs and news outlets, including CNN, CNN en Español, ABC News, and Telemundo. She is also a co-host of daytime talk show The View, garnering Daytime Emmy Award nominations for her work.

Navarro has described her political position as "centrist". She supported John McCain and Jeb Bush's presidential campaigns, but has also been a vocal critic of president Donald Trump and his administration. She spoke in support of Kamala Harris's presidential campaign at the 2024 Democratic National Convention and supported Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden in their presidential campaigns.
Alper Görmüş
Ahmet Alper Görmüş (born 21 November 1952) is a Turkish journalist and writer, formerly a columnist for Taraf and Yeni Aktüel. He was the editor-in-chief of the news weekly Nokta (2006–7).

He was previously a contributor to Aydınlık (1977–1980), working outside journalism in a variety of roles after it was closed down following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. He resumed journalism at Nokta (1986–1990), and was then editor-in-chief of Yeni Aktüel (1991–1995). He received the Hrant Dink International Award in 2009, with Amira Hass.

Aydınlık
Aydınlık ("Clarify" or "Enlightenment" in Turkish) is the newspaper of the Patriotic Party (Vatan Partisi). Originally launched as a weekly newspaper in 1921, it has been repeatedly closed and relaunched, most recently in 2011.
San Lorenzo Valley Unified School District
San Lorenzo Valley Unified School District is a public school district in Santa Cruz County, California, United States.

The district serves the unincorporated communities of Ben Lomond, Boulder Creek, Brookdale, Felton, Lompico, Mount Hermon and Zayante.

Brookdale, California
Brookdale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. Brookdale sits at an elevation of 405 feet (123 m). It is located in the San Lorenzo Valley between Boulder Creek and Ben Lomond on Highway 9. The 2020 United States census reported Brookdale's population was 2,043.

The ZIP Code is 95007 and the community is inside area code 831.  There is no mail delivery in Brookdale, though no home is more than 1.5 miles from the post office.
Advanced learner's dictionary
The advanced learner's dictionary is the most common type of monolingual learner's dictionary, that is, a dictionary written in one language only, for someone who is learning a foreign language. It differs from a bilingual or translation dictionary, a standard dictionary written for native speakers, or a children's dictionary.  Its definitions are usually built on a restricted defining vocabulary. "Advanced" usually refers learners with a proficiency level of B2 or above according to the Common European Framework. Basic learner's dictionaries also exist.

Although these advanced dictionaries have been produced for learners of several languages (including Chinese, Dutch, German, and Spanish), the majority are written for learners of English

Bilingual dictionary
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be unidirectional, meaning that they list the meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional, allowing translation to and from both languages. Bidirectional bilingual dictionaries usually consist of two sections, each listing words and phrases of one language along with their translation. In addition to the translation, a bilingual dictionary usually indicates the part of speech, gender, verb type, declension model and other grammatical clues to help a non-native speaker use the word. Other features sometimes present in bilingual dictionaries are lists of phrases, usage and style guides, verb tables, maps and grammar references. In contrast to the bilingual dictionary, a monolingual dictionary defines words and phrases instead of translating them.
Kryve, Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast
Kryve (Ukrainian: Криве́) is a small village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, of Western Ukraine.  It belongs to the Koziova rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a population of only 287 people, and the local government is administered by the Dovzhkivska village council.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Ousmane (film)
Ousmane is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Jorge Camarotti and released in 2021. The film stars Isaka Sawadogo as Ousmane, a Burkinabé immigrant newly resident in Montreal, who finds his neighbour Édith (Marie-Ginette Guay) disoriented in the hall when he is returning home from work.

The film was screened for distributors at the Cannes Film Market in July 2021, and had its official premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Allenville, Missouri
Allenville is a village in Hubble Township in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri,  United States. The population was 95 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Cape Girardeau (/dʒɪˈrɑːrdoʊ/ jirr-AR-doh, French: Cap-Girardeau [kap ʒiʁaʁdo] ⓘ; colloquially referred to as "Cape") is a city in Cape Girardeau and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 39,540 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th-largest city in the state. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area with 97,517 residents. Cape Girardeau is the economic center of southeastern Missouri and the home of Southeast Missouri State University. It is located approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of St. Louis and 150 miles (240 km) north of Memphis, Tennessee.
PCCI Group
PCCI Group is a multinational business process outsourcing (BPO) company providing a call-center service for businesses operating within these areas:

Travel and Hospitality

Telecommunications

Media and Entertainment

Banks, Fintech and Insurance

E-commerce

Healthcare

BPO and Government agencies

Technology

Utilities

Retail.

In 2022 the company owned and operated 12 "contact centers" distributed through 8 African countries.

While operations are based in Africa, the company has contracts being outsourced from Europe and the Middle East.

Business process outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing in which a company contracts the operations and responsibilities of a specific business process to a third-party service provider.

BPO offers organizations significant advantages, including increased flexibility, cost efficiency, and a sharper focus on core competencies. By transforming fixed costs into variable costs, companies can accelerate business processes and leverage specialized expertise from third-party providers. Challenges also arise from unclear contracts, changing requirements, unmet service levels, and over-dependence on providers.
Xavier Guichard
Xavier Guichard (1870–1947) was a French Director of Police, archaeologist and writer.

His 1936 book Eleusis Alesia: Enquête sur les origines de la civilisation européenne is an early example of speculative thinking concerning Earth mysteries, based on his observations of apparent alignments between Alesia-like place names on a map of France. His theories are analogous to those of his near-contemporary in the United Kingdom, Alfred Watkins, concerning Ley lines.

Xavier Guichard appears as a character in the novels of Georges Simenon, where he is the superior of the fictional detective Jules Maigret.

Jules Maigret
Jules Maigret (French: [ʒyl mɛɡʁɛ]), or simply Maigret, is a fictional French police detective, a commissaire ("inspector") of the Paris Brigade Criminelle (Direction Régionale de la Police Judiciaire de Paris:36, Quai des Orfèvres), created by writer Georges Simenon. The character's full name is Jules Amédée François Maigret.

Between 1930 and 1972, 75 novels and 28 short stories about Maigret were published, starting with Pietr-le-Letton ("The Strange Case of Peter the Lett") and concluding with Maigret et Monsieur Charles ("Maigret and Monsieur Charles"). The novels and stories have been translated into more than 50 languages.

The Maigret stories have also received numerous film, television, and radio adaptations. Penguin Books published new translations of 75 books in the series over as many months from November 2013.
Peter Wilson (sport shooter)
Peter Robert Russell Wilson MBE (born 15 September 1986) is a retired English sport shooter who specialises in the double trap. He is the current world record holder for the event, having scored 198 out of 200 at a World Cup event in Arizona during 2012. A member of the British team for the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was the youngest competitor in the men's double trap event, where he won the gold medal.

Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's double trap
The men's double trap event at the 2012 Olympic Games took place on 2 August 2012 at the Royal Artillery Barracks.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 3 sets of 50 shots in trap shooting. Shots were paired, with two targets being launched at a time.

The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired one additional round of 50. The total score from all 200 shots was used to determine final ranking. Ties are broken using a shoot-off; additional shots are fired one pair at a time until there is no longer a tie.
Gift (Eliza Carthy & Norma Waterson album)
Gift is the first joint album released by mother-and-daughter English folk music duo Eliza Carthy and Norma Waterson. It was the winner of the Best Album category of the 2011 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards, where its opening track "Poor Wayfaring Stranger" also won Best Traditional Track.

BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards
The BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards celebrate outstanding achievement during the previous year within the field of folk music, with the aim of raising the profile of folk and acoustic music. The awards have been given annually since 2000 by British radio station BBC Radio 2.

Award recipients have included Joan Baez, Cat Stevens, John Martyn, Steve Earle, The Dubliners, Martin Carthy, Billy Bragg, Shirley Collins, Kate Rusby, Cara Dillon, Eliza Carthy, Bellowhead, June Tabor, Oysterband, Aly Bain, Richard Thompson, Nancy Kerr, Seth Lakeman, Show of Hands, Lau, Tom Paxton, Don McLean, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Nic Jones, Bella Hardy, Rhiannon Giddens, Norma Waterson, The Chieftains, Joan Armatrading and James Taylor.
Capitol Land Trust
Capitol Land Trust (CLT) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit conservation organization based in Olympia, Washington, United States. It was founded on September 9, 1987 and became tax-exempt in April 1994. As of 2025, CLT had 6,538 acres (2,646 ha) owned, under easement, or protected by other means in Grays Harbor, Lewis, Mason, and Thurston counties.

The organization's mission statement is to "strategically conserve vital natural areas and working lands in the South Puget Sound and Chehalis Basin watersheds, for their ecological and community benefits."

In 2023, CLT had $3.12 million in revenue, $1.31 million in expenses and $23.5 million in total assets.

In 2025, CLT partnered with Conservation Northwest and Port Blakely Tree Farms to put 2,357 acres (954 ha) near Capitol State Forest under a permanent conservation easement for $8 million, potentially preserving wildlife access between Cascade and Olympic Mountains.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Nicknames of Manila
Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, is known by a number of nicknames, aliases, sobriquets and slogans, both officially and unofficially, now and in the past.

The city is most popularly referred to as the Pearl of the Orient. This nickname appears in the lyrics of the city's official hymn and is also depicted in the city's coat of arms.

Manila is also frequently shortened to Mla or MNL (the IATA code for Ninoy Aquino International Airport).

International Air Transport Association code
IATA codes are abbreviations that the International Air Transport Association (IATA) publishes to facilitate air travel. They are typically 1, 2, 3, or 4 character combinations (referred to as unigrams, digrams, trigrams, or tetragrams, respectively) that uniquely identify locations, equipment, companies, and times to standardize international flight operations. All codes within each group follow a pattern (same number of characters, and using either all letters or letter/digit combinations) to reduce the potential for error.
Sporting Blood (1931 film)
Sporting Blood is a 1931 American MGM pre-Code sports drama film directed by Charles Brabin. The film stars Clark Gable (in his first starring role), Ernest Torrence, and Madge Evans. Two other pictures bore this same title, one released in 1916 by Fox and another by MGM in Sporting Blood (1940). Although they, too, centered on horse racing, none of the plots had any direct connection with the others.

Hallam Cooley
Hallam Burr (February 8, 1895 – March 20, 1971), known by his stage name Hallam Cooley, was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1913 and 1936. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and died in Tiburon, California.

Cooley attended Northwestern Military Academy in Highland Park, Illinois, and graduated from the University of Minnesota. He began as a stage actor and later worked for American, Ince, Selig, and Universal studios before going to Famous Players–Lasky.

Cooley married Elizabeth Bates on Christmas Day, 1919, and they divorced in July 1934. His second wife was Doris MacMahon, and they married on August 1, 1935. He claimed to be a direct descendant of Aaron Burr, the third Vice President of the United States.
2000–01 Essex Senior Football League
The 2000–01 season was the 30th in the history of Essex Senior Football League a football competition in England.

The league featured 15 clubs which competed in the league last season, along with one new club:

Barkingside, returned to the league system after leaving the Spartan South Midlands League in 1999

Brentwood were champions, winning their first Essex Senior League title.

Essex Senior Football League
The Essex Senior Football League is an English men's football league. It contains clubs from the Essex FA, Hertfordshire FA, London FA, Middlesex FA and the Amateur Football Alliance. It is a feeder league to Division One North of the Isthmian League and has a single division which sits at Step 5 (or Level 9) of the National League System.
Redhawk Center
Redhawk Center is a 999-seat multi-purpose arena in Seattle, Washington on the campus of Seattle University. It was built in 1959 and is home to the Seattle University Redhawks women's basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the home court for the Redhawks men's team, which also plays at nearby Climate Pledge Arena since 2008 when the school returned to NCAA Division I.

Women's basketball
Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It was first played in 1892, one year after men's basketball, at Smith College in Massachusetts. It spread across the United States, in large parts via women's college competitions, and has since spread globally. As of 2020, basketball is one of the most popular and fastest growing sports in the world.

There are multiple professional leagues and tournaments for professional women basketball players. The main North American league is the WNBA. The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. In the US, the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular. The strongest European women's basketball clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.
William D. Johnson (journalist)
William D. Johnson is a New York City-based journalist and labor activist who writes on union and workplace issues. Johnson is the former co-editor of Labor Notes.

Johnson started on Labor Notes staff in January 2003, after interning with the organization in the winter of 2002.  Previously, he worked with The Nation magazine in New York.

He has been involved in various anti-racism and workers' rights campaigns in southeastern Michigan, including the campaign to maintain affirmative action at the University of Michigan. He covers public-sector workers, UNITE HERE, postal workers, and health care.

His writing has also appeared in the print and online versions of The Nation, Z Magazine, CounterPunch, Monthly Review, the Metro Times, and in numerous other publications.

Johnson collaborated in the writing and editing of A Troublemakers' Handbook 2.

CounterPunch
CounterPunch is a left-wing online magazine. Content includes a free section published five days a week as well as a subscriber-only area called CounterPunch+, where original articles are published weekly. CounterPunch is based in the United States and covers politics in a manner its editors describe as "muckraking with a radical attitude".

From 1993 to 2020, CounterPunch published a newsletter, and a magazine.
Quanitra Hollingsworth
Quanitra Hollingsworth (Turkish: Kuanitra Holingsvorth, born November 15, 1988) is an American-Turkish professional basketball player for Galatasaray.

In 2012 Hollingsworth acquired Turkish citizenship in order to be eligible to play for Turkey national women's basketball team. Therefore, she missed the 2012 WNBA season and 2014 WNBA season due to Turkish National Team commitments.  She represented Turkey at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Turkish Women's Basketball Cup
The Turkish Women's Basketball Cup (Turkish: Basketbol Kadınlar Türkiye Kupası), also known as Halkbank Turkish Women's Basketball Cup for sponsporship reasons, is a basketball cup competition in Turkish basketball, run by the Turkish Basketball Federation since 1992. The current champions are Fenerbahçe, who are also the most successful team in the history of the competition, with 15 titles to their credit.