hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khandker Anwarul Islam
Khandker Anwarul Islam is a retired Bangladeshi civil servant. He had served as the country's 22nd Cabinet Secretary. Prior to that, he was the Senior Secretary of the Bridges Division under Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges and the ex-officio Executive Director of Bangladesh Bridge Authority before joining at cabinet secretary post on 28 October 2019.

Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges
The Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges (Bengali: সড়ক পরিবহন ও সেতু মন্ত্রণালয়) is a Bangladeshi government ministry which is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, national highways and bridges. It contains two subsidiary divisions.

Bangladesh has four ministries responsible for transportation within the country. They have specific responsibilities, such as:

Road safety: Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges

Civil aviation: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism

Maritime transport: Ministry of Shipping

Rail transport: Ministry of Railways
Ella Shelton
Ella Shelton (born January 19, 1998) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Toronto Sceptres of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL), and member of the Canadian national team. She was drafted fourth overall in the 2023 PWHL draft by the New York Sirens.

Canada women's national ice hockey team
The Canadian women's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada in women's hockey. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and participates in international competitions. Canada has been a dominant figure in international competition, having won the majority of major ice hockey tournaments. Canada is rivaled by the United States, the only other winner of a major tournament.
Seabrook Floodgate
The Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC) Seabrook Floodgate Structure is a flood barrier in the Industrial Canal in New Orleans, Louisiana. The floodgate is designed to protect the Industrial Canal and the surrounding areas from a storm surge from Lake Pontchartrain. It consists of two 50-foot (15 m) wide vertical lift gates and a 95-foot (29 m) wide sector gate.

The building of the floodgate was authorized by Congress in 2006 and operated in tandem with the Lake Borgne Surge Reduction Barrier to reduce the risk of storm surge damage to some of the New Orleans region's most vulnerable areas – New Orleans East, metro New Orleans, the Ninth Ward, Gentilly, and St. Bernard Parish.

St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
St. Bernard Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Bernard; Spanish: Parroquia de San Bernardo) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat and largest community is Chalmette. The parish was formed in 1807. St. Bernard Parish is part of the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area; the parish is located southeast of the city of New Orleans and comprises the Chandeleur Islands and Chandeleur Sound in the east.

St. Bernard was the fastest growing parish in Louisiana from 2010 to 2020, increasing from a population of 35,897 in the 2010 census to 43,764 in 2020. It remains at less than two-thirds of its 2000 population of 67,229, prior to Hurricane Katrina.
Pizmonim
Pizmonim (Hebrew פזמונים, singular pizmon) are traditional Jewish songs and melodies sung with the intention of praising God as well as learning certain aspects of traditional religious teachings. They are sung throughout religious rituals and festivities such as prayers, circumcisions, bar mitzvahs, weddings and other ceremonies.

Pizmonim are extra-liturgical, as distinct from piyyutim, which are hymns printed in the prayer-book and forming an integral part of the service.  Similar songs sung in the synagogue on the Sabbath morning between midnight and dawn are called baqashot (שירת הבקשות).

Chaim Shaul Abud
Chaim Shaul Abud (Hebrew:  חיים שאול עבוד‎‎; 1890–1977) was an Israeli poet, rabbi, educator, and philanthropist. Abud was the author of the book "Shirayi Zimra Ha-Shalem", which combines the poetry of Baqashot form the Jewish community of Aleppo (halab or aram tzoba) and songs that he wrote himself. He also served as founder and director of several Torah schools in Jerusalem.
Panki, Kanpur
Panki is a suburb of metropolitan Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, situated about 12 km from Kanpur Central on the NH 2 to Delhi. The region is home to the Panki Temple, to Panki Thermal Power Station which is among the few thermal energy units in Northern India, and to Panki Logistics Park which is among the largest logistics park of Northern India.

Kanpur Central railway station
Kanpur Central (formerly known as Cawnpore North Barracks, station code: CNB) is a central and junction railway station in the city of Kanpur and is one of the five central Indian railway stations. It is third busiest in country after Howrah Jn and New Delhi railway station. It is a major railway station between Howrah Jn and New Delhi. After Bandel Junction and Kharagpur Junction, it holds the record for the 3rd largest interlocking route system in the world. All trains passing through this station stop here, including premium trains, and all superfast, mail and passenger trains. The station is a major intercity rail and commuter rail station in the region.
Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières
Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières (23 September 1711, Aix-en-Provence – 10 October 1775, Versailles), comte du Muy, comte de Grignan, was a French soldier and statesman from a family originating in Provence. He was made a member of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit in 1764.

Former menin of the Dauphin, he remained so attached to him that he asked to be buried at his feet in Sens. This request was also made to please Louis XVI. Like Maurepas he was made secretary of state for war on 5 June 1774. He was made marshal of France in 1775.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
Kouhrang 1 Dam
The Kouhrang 1 Dam is a masonry gravity dam on the Kouhrang River about 4 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Chelgard in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. The primary purpose of the dam is to divert up to 320,000,000 m3 (260,000 acre⋅ft) of water annually via the 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long Kouhrang 1 Tunnel to the Zayandeh River to the east where it would help supply cities like Isfahan with water. Since the era of Shah Abbas I, attempts had been made to diver the Kouhrang to the Zayandeh. Eventually, efforts by Alexander Gibb between 1948 and 1954 led to the completion of the Kouhrang 1 Dam and Tunnel.

Zayanderud
The Zayanderud or Zayandehrud (Persian: Zāyanderūd ,زاینده‌رود; from زاینده [zɑːjændɛ] "fertile" or "life-giver", and رود [rʊːd] "river"), also spelled as Zayanderud or Zayanderood, ..., is the largest river of the Iranian Plateau in central Iran.
Van der Ploeg
van der Ploeg is a Dutch surname meaning "from the plow". It can be a metonymic occupational surname, originally referring to a farmer or a bookbinder (a book binding cutter is known as a (snij)ploeg). Alternatively, it may be a toponymic surname, e.g., referring to a house with the sign of a plow.  Notable people with the surname include:

Johannes P. M. van der Ploeg (1909–2004), Dutch linguist and Old Testament scholar

José van der Ploeg (born 1958), Spanish sailor

Neil Van der Ploeg (born 1987), Australian cyclist

Paul van der Ploeg (born 1989), Australian mountain biker

Rick van der Ploeg (born 1956), Dutch economist

José María van der Ploeg
José María van der Ploeg García (born 4 May 1958) is a Spanish sailor and Olympic champion. van der Ploeg competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won gold medal in the Finn class. van der Ploeg also competed in the Finn class at the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the Star class, together with Rafael Trujillo, at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Zalmoxis Peak
Zalmoxis Peak (Bulgarian: връх Залмоксис, romanized: vrah Zalmoksis, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ zɐɫˈmɔksis]) is the rocky peak rising to 2625 m in Bearskin Ridge on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is surmounting Patton Glacier to the northwest and Crosswell Glacier to the southeast.

The feature is named after the mythical Thracian king and deity Zalmoxis.

Crosswell Glacier
Crosswell Glacier (78°17′S 85°24′W﻿ / ﻿78.283°S 85.400°W﻿ / -78.283; -85.400) is a glacier 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) long, flowing north-northeast from Mount Shinn between Sullivan Heights and Bearskin Ridge, in the central part of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. Together with Patton and Pulpudeva Glaciers, it enters Ellen Glacier northwest of Mamarchev Peak and southeast of Mount Jumper.

The glacier was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for United States Air Force Colonel Horace A. Crosswell, leader of C-124 Globemaster air drops in establishing the scientific station at the South Pole in the 1956–57 season.
George Betts (cricketer, born 1843)
George Betts (19 September 1843 – 26 September 1902) was an English first-class cricketer, who played two matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1873 and 1874. A right-handed batsman, he scored 56 runs at 18.66, with a best of 44 not out against Gloucestershire.

Born in Sheffield, Betts made his debut against Gloucestershire in 1873 at Clifton, and performed well in the second innings, despite Yorkshire going down to a five wicket defeat. Batting at number 7 he remained unbeaten on 44, as Yorkshire were bowled out for 287, following on from Gloucestershire's first innings of 404, in which G. F. Grace scored 165. Betts was not selected again that year, and his second, and final, match came in 1874, was against Surrey when, batting at 4, he recorded a pair as Yorkshire ran out winners by 198 runs.

Betts died in Sheffield, aged 61, in September 1902.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Edgar S. Brightman
Edgar Sheffield Brightman (September 20, 1884 – February 25, 1953) was an American philosopher and Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition, associated with Boston University and liberal theology, and promulgated the philosophy known as Boston personalism.

Elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1928, Brightman served as president of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in 1936 and the American Academy of Religion in 1942 and 1943.

American Academy of Religion
The American Academy of Religion (AAR) is the world's largest association of scholars in the field of religious studies and related topics. It is a nonprofit member association, 
serving as a professional and learned society for scholars involved in the academic study of religion. It has some 10,000 members worldwide, with the largest concentration being in the United States and Canada. AAR members are university and college professors, independent scholars, secondary teachers, clergy, seminarians, students, and interested lay-people.
Richard Ritsing
Richard Ritsing (25 March 1903 – 8 July 1994) is an Estonian composer, choral conductor. He composed mainly a cappella choral music.

Ritsing was born in Räpina. In 1929 he graduated from Tartu University in philosophy. He has studied several musical disciplines at Tartu Music School.

1934-1957 he was the music teacher at the Tartu University. 1945-1980 he taught choral conducting at the Heino Eller Tartu Music School.

1950-1980 he was the artistic leader of Estonian Song Celebrations, and in 1980, 1985 and 1990, Honorary Leader. He was one of the key person to start student song festival Gaudeamus.

Since 1944 he was a member of the Estonian Composers' Union.

Räpina
Räpina (Võro: Räpinä, German: Rappin) is a town in Põlva County, Estonia.  Räpina was the administrative centre of Räpina raion from 1950 until 1961, and currently it is the administrative seat of Räpina Parish. The oldest commercial enterprise in Räpina is a paper factory that opened in 1734.
Genetic algorithms in economics
Genetic algorithms have increasingly been applied to economics since the pioneering work by John H. Miller in 1986. It has been used to characterize a variety of models including the cobweb model, the overlapping generations model, game theory, schedule optimization and asset pricing. Specifically, it has been used as a model to represent learning, rather than as a means for fitting a model.

Overlapping generations model
The overlapping generations (OLG) model is one of the dominating frameworks of analysis in the study of macroeconomic dynamics and economic growth. In contrast to the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans neoclassical growth model in which individuals are infinitely-lived, in the OLG model individuals live a finite length of time, long enough to overlap with at least one period of another agent's life.

The OLG model is the natural framework for the study of: (a) the life-cycle behavior (investment in human capital, work and saving for retirement), (b) the implications of the allocation of resources across the generations, such as Social Security, on the income per capita in the long-run, (c) the determinants of economic growth in the course of human history, and (d) the factors that triggered the fertility transition.
2012 Eurocup Clio
The 2012 Eurocup Clio season was the second season of the Renault–supported touring car category, a one-make racing series that is part of the World Series by Renault, the series uses Renault Clio RS 197's.

The title was clinched by Rangoni Motorsport driver Oscar Nogués, who won three races. Marc Guillot and Mike Verschuur completed top-three in the standings, with two and one win respectively.

Oscar Nogués
Óscar Nogués Farré (born 21 May 1978 in Banyeres del Penedès) is a Spanish auto racing driver. He won the Spanish SEAT León Supercopa in 2005 and 2006, and won the inaugural SEAT León Eurocup in 2008. He made one-off appearances in the World Touring Car Championship in 2006, 2007 and 2008 as rewards for his efforts in SEAT one-make series. He came second in the European Touring Car Cup to Michel Nykjaer in 2008. He also won at 2009 Les 24 hores de Barcelona with team Sunred Seven.
Nanna Rosha Nooru Varusha
Nanna Rosha Nooru Varusha (My Rage is a Hundred Years) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Joe Simon. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Padmapriya, Hema Chowdhary, Nagesh and K. S. Ashwath.

Joe Simon (director)
S. M. Joe Simon (1947 or 1948 – 12 February 2026) was an Indian film director, actor, lyricist, screenplay and story writer, known for his work in Kannada cinema.  Some of the films directed by Simon are Mr. Vasu (1995), Wanted (1993), Ravivarma (1992), Snehada Kadalalli (1992).

Simon was a part of more than 100 films in Kannada, either as actor, dialogue writer or director. He had served as the Vice-president of Kannada Film Directors Association (KANFIDA). He died from a heart attack on 12 February 2026, at the age of 78.
Podlesny, Verkhnekhavsky District, Voronezh Oblast
Podlesny (Russian: Подлесный) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Uglyanskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhnekhavsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,460 as of 2010. There are 30 streets.

Verkhnekhavsky District
Verkhnekhavsky District (Russian: Верхнеха́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,253 square kilometers (484 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhnyaya Khava. Population: 23,058 (2021 Census); 25,156 (2010 Census); 26,656 (2002 Census); 30,896 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Verkhnyaya Khava accounts for 31.9% of the district's total population.
Carmichael baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Carmichael, two in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Carmichael baronets of Westraw (1627): see Lord Carmichael

Carmichael, later Carmichael-Baillie baronets of Bonington (c.1676): see Carmichael-Baillie baronets

Carmichael-Smyth, later Carmichael baronets of Nutwood (1821)

Carmichael baronets of Nutwood (1821)
The Carmichael-Smyth, later Carmichael baronetcy, of Nutwood in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 25 August 1821 for the colonial administrator Sir James Carmichael-Smyth. He was the eldest son of the Scottish physician and medical writer James Carmichael Smyth, the only son of Thomas Carmichael of Balmedie and Margaret Smyth of Athenry.

The 2nd Baronet discontinued the use of the surname Smyth in 1841. The 3rd Baronet, James Morse Carmichael, was a Liberal politician. He claimed the dormant earldom of Hyndford, a claim that was rejected. He was unmarried and the baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1902.
Iain McHardy
Christianity portal

Iain William Thomson Duff McHardy  (31 October 1913 – 21 January 2000), was an eminent Anglican priest in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in  1913, educated at the University of St Andrews and ordained in 1938. He held curacies at  South Kirkby, Dunblane and then Cantley until 1952. He was Priest in Charge at St Ninian, Inverness from then until 1974  when he became Rector of St Andrew, Fortrose. He was Dean of Moray, Ross and Caithness from 1977 until 1980. He died on 21 January 2000.

Fortrose
Fortrose is a town and former royal burgh on the Black Isle in the Highland council area of Scotland, about six miles (ten kilometres) northeast of Inverness. The town is known for its ruined 13th-century cathedral, and as the home of the Brahan Seer. Chanonry Point, a nearby headland projecting into the Moray Firth, is a popular location for dolphin spotting.
Onufriivka
Onufriivka (Ukrainian: Онуфріївка) is a rural settlement in Oleksandriia Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Onufriivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,757 (2022 estimate).

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Bulbothrix sipmanii
Bulbothrix sipmanii is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 1999 by André Aptroot and Robert van Aubel. The species epithet sipmanii honours Dutch lichenologist Harrie Sipman.

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Ramadan Çitaku
Ramadan Çitaku (1914–1990) (known as Baca) was an Albanian politician of the Party of Labour of Albania. A native of Kosovo, he was one of the founding members of the Albanian Communist Party, member of the General Council of the National Liberation Movement during World War II, Minister of Finance of Albania, and diplomat.

National Liberation Movement (Albania)
The National Liberation Movement (Albanian: Lëvizja Nacional-Çlirimtare; or Lëvizja Antifashiste Nacional-Çlirimtare (LANÇ)), also translated as National Liberation Front, was an Albanian communist resistance organization that fought in World War II. It was created on 16 September 1942, in a conference held in Pezë, a village near Tirana, and was led by Enver Hoxha. Apart from the figures which had the majority in the General Council it also included known nationalists like Myslim Peza although the Partisans under Yugoslav influence ended up executing numerous Albanian nationalist figures. In May 1944, the Albanian National Liberation Front was transformed into the government of Albania and its leaders became government members, and in August 1945, it was replaced by the Democratic Front.

The National Liberation Army (Ushtria Nacional-Çlirimtare) was the army created by the National Liberation Movement.
Robert D. Mullins
Robert D. Mullins (December 16, 1924 - June 8, 2016) won the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting - Edition time (now called Breaking News Reporting) for his work July 4–10, 1961, relating to a murder in Grand County, Utah. At the time he was the Price Bureau chief for the Deseret News, where he worked from 1951 to 1987. He served in the United States military during World War II.

Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. It has been awarded since 1953 under several names:

From 1953 to 1963: Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, Edition Time

From 1964 to 1984: Pulitzer Prize for Local General or Spot News Reporting

From 1985 to 1990: Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting

From 1991 to 1997: Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting

From 1998 to present: Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting

Prior to 1953, a Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting combined both breaking and investigative reporting under one category.  The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award.

Hitherto confined to local coverage, the Breaking News Reporting category was expanded to encompass state and national reporting in 2017.
Forward-looking statement
In United States business law, a forward-looking statement or safe harbor statement is a statement that cannot sustain itself as merely a historical fact. A forward-looking statement predicts, projects, or uses future events as expectations or possibilities. These statements can often be misleading, as they can be mistaken for factual statements, while they are actually speculation. According to United States Code 15 Section 78u-5, a forward-looking statement may include future economic performance, such as revenues or income, plans for future operations, or use of a report written by an outside reviewer.

Fact
A fact is a true datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement by experiments or other means. Generally speaking, facts are independent of belief, knowledge and opinion. 
Facts are different from inferences, theories, values, and objects.

For example, "This sentence contains words." accurately describes a linguistic fact, and "the Sun is a star" describes an astronomical fact. Further, "Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States" and "Abraham Lincoln was assassinated" are both historical facts.