hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-inch/40-caliber gun
The 4″/40 caliber gun (spoken "four-inch-forty-caliber") was used for the secondary batteries on the United States Navy's battleship Iowa, Columbia-class protected cruisers, and the armored cruiser New York, and was the primary batteries on the gunboats Nashville, Wilmington, and Helena.

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.
Glossary of commutative algebra
This is a glossary of commutative algebra.

See also list of algebraic geometry topics, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, glossary of algebraic geometry, glossary of ring theory and glossary of module theory.

In this article, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity 1.

Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS
Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS is a peer-reviewed mathematical journal. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media  on behalf of the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, with the help of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. The journal was established in 1959 and was published at irregular intervals, from one to five volumes a year. It is now biannual. The editor-in-chief is Sébastien Boucksom (CNRS, Institut de Mathématique de Jussieu).
Abbot's Chair
The Abbot's Chair is the common name of a former monastic cross, the Charlesworth Cross. Only the socket remains of this boundary cross, built by the monks of Basingwerk Abbey in North Wales. Henry II of England gave the manor of Glossop to the monks, and they gained a market charter for Glossop in 1290, and one for Charlesworth in 1328. In 1433 the monks leased all of Glossopdale to the Talbot family, later Earls of Shrewsbury.

It is close to the town of Glossop in the High Peak borough of the English county of Derbyshire, on the so-called Monks Road, near the entrance track to Taiga Farm. The monks used this route in order to reach Hayfield, Simmondley and other villages.

Earl of Shrewsbury
Earl of Shrewsbury (/ˈʃroʊzbəri/) is a hereditary title of nobility created twice in the Peerage of England. The second earldom dates to 1442. The holder of the Earldom of Shrewsbury also holds the title of Earl of Waterford (1446) in the Peerage of Ireland and Earl Talbot (1784) in the Peerage of Great Britain. Shrewsbury and Waterford are the oldest earldoms in their peerages held by someone with no higher title (the oldest earldoms in each peerage being held by the Duke of Norfolk and Duke of Leinster), and as such the Earl of Shrewsbury is sometimes described as the premier earl of England and Ireland.
Shell (2024 film)
Shell is a 2024 American black comedy body horror film directed by Max Minghella, written by Jack Stanley, and starring Elisabeth Moss, Kate Hudson, Kaia Gerber and Elizabeth Berkley.

It had its world premiere at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2024, and was released on October 3, 2025, by Republic Pictures.

Ziwe Fumudoh
Ziwerekoru "Ziwe" Fumudoh is an American comedian, writer, and actress. She is known for her satirical commentary on politics, race relations, and young adulthood.

In 2017, she created the YouTube comedy show Baited with Ziwe and its 2020 Instagram Live iteration. She wrote for Desus & Mero from 2018 to 2020, and she co-hosted Crooked Media's Hysteria podcast in 2018. Fumudoh starred in and executive produced the Showtime variety series Ziwe (2021–2022). She published a collection of essays called Black Friend in October 2023.
Railways in Agra
Agra has a north–south broad gauge line intersecting an east–west broad gauge line. The crossing is around the Rui Ki Mandi area where the east west line passes under the North South line.

Two broad gauge lines come from Bharatpur and Bayana respectively. Both of these lines are single and electrified. These two lines converge just before Idgah Jn. and the common line continues up to Tundla Jn on Delhi – Howrah line.

Tundla
Tundla (Ṭūṇḍlā) is a town and a municipal board in Firozabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an important railway junction between the Delhi-Kanpur main line and the Agra branch line. Tundla is a railway town that sprang up when the railway was built in the late 1800s. It is served by Tundla Junction railway station. As of 2011, Tundla has a population of 50,423 people, in 8,744 households.
Havelka
Havelka (feminine Havelková) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Filip Havelka (born 1998), Czech footballer

František Havelka (1906–1973), Czech boxer

Helena Havelková (born 1988), Czech volleyball player

Libuše Havelková (1924–2017), Czech actress

Ondřej Havelka (born 1954), Czech swing singer

Pavel Havelka (born 1965), Czech canoeist

Roman Havelka (1877–1950), Czech painter

Svatopluk Havelka (1925–2009), Czech composer

Vladimíra Havelková (born 1966), Czech canoer

Ondřej Havelka
Ondřej Havelka (born 10 October 1954) is a Czech jazz and swing singer, actor, and director. He began his musical career singing with the jazz band Original Prague Syncopated Orchestra in 1976 and went on to form his own group, Ondřej Havelka a jeho Melody Makers, in 1995. He has worked as an actor since the 1970s, and he is the director of several documentary films as well as the 2018 feature Hastrman.
Felix Calonder
Felix Louis Calonder (7 December 1863 – 14 June 1952) was a Swiss politician who was President of the Swiss Confederation in 1918 and a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1913 to 1920. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. During his tenure of office, he held the Department of Home Affairs from 1913 to 1917, and the Political Department from 1918 to 1919. As of 2025, Felix Calonder has been the Federal Council's only native Romansh speaker.

Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA; German: Eidgenössisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten; French: Département fédéral des affaires étrangères; Italian: Dipartimento federale degli affari esteri; Romansh: Departament federal d’affars exteriursⓘ), so named since 1979, is one of the seven Departments of the Swiss government federal administration of Switzerland, and corresponds in its range of tasks to the ministry of foreign affairs in other countries. The department is always headed by one of the members of the Swiss Federal Council. Since 1 November 2017, the department is headed by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis.
Naphtali Luccock
Naphtali Luccock (September 28, 1853 – April 1, 1916) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1912.

He was born on September 28, 1853 in Kimbolton, Ohio. He entered the traveling ministry of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference of the M.E. Church (which at that time included eastern Ohio) in 1874.  Later he was transferred to the St. Louis conference.

Before his election to the episcopacy, Luccock was a pastor. His was a brief episcopal incumbency, for he died within his first four years, on April 1, 1916 in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.

He is the author of The Illustrated History of Methodism (1901), with J. W. Lee and J. M. Dixon, and The Royalty of Jesus (1905), sermons.

Annual conferences within Methodism
An annual conference is a regional decision-making body within various Methodist denominations. Conferences are a key characteristic of the connexional (connectional) system of government in Methodism. Annual conferences are composed primarily of the clergy members and a lay member or members from each charge (a charge is one or more churches served by a minister under appointment by the bishop). Each conference is a geographical division. In general, the smaller states in the United States hold one conference each, while larger states often include two or more conferences. Several annual conferences are held in other nations as well.
Cottrell Corners, New Jersey
Cottrell Corners is an unincorporated community located within Old Bridge Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located at the corner of Old Bridge-Matawan Road (County Route 516) and Cottrell Road, the area is named for the Cottrell Family who owned an apple farm at the crossroads since before the United States was founded. Though the last parcel of the farmland had originally been sold to a developer in 2002, the Middlesex County Freeholder Board purchased the property and intends to preserve it. In addition to the farm, the area contains stores, a townhouse development, and is the seat of the Old Bridge municipal offices and library.

Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)
In New Jersey, a Board of County Commissioners (until 2020 named the Board of Chosen Freeholders) is the elected county-wide government board in each of the state's 21 counties. In the five counties that have an elected county executive, the board of county commissioners serves as the county legislature. In the remaining counties, the board of county commissioners exercises both executive and legislative functions, often with an appointed county administrator or manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of county government.

As of 2025, 18 of the 21 county commissions are held exclusively by one party; Atlantic, Gloucester, and Cumberland counties are the only ones with both parties represented. Since 2000, 12 counties have only elected members from a single party; Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union counties have chosen only Democrats, and Cape May, Hunterdon, Morris, Ocean, Sussex, and Warren counties have chosen only Republicans.
Tetiiv urban hromada
Tetiiv urban hromada (Ukrainian: Тетіївська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Tetiiv.

It has an area of 756.6 square kilometres (292.1 mi2) and a population of 30,629, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 33 settlements: 1 city (Tetiiv), and 32 villages:

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
Runaway Love (Ludacris song)
"Runaway Love" is the third single released from Ludacris' fifth album, Release Therapy (2006). The song, which features Mary J. Blige on the vocals, was produced by Polow da Don and reached #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart only behind Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around... Comes Around". The song was the first single from Release Therapy in the United Kingdom and was released as a double A-side with "Girls Gone Wild" included. The song was performed at the 2007 Grammy Awards show by Ludacris, Mary J. Blige and Earth, Wind & Fire. A remix of the song is available by T-Pain featuring Cassie.

Doug E. Fresh
Douglas Davis (born September 17, 1966), known professionally as Doug E. Fresh, is a Barbadian-born American rapper, record producer, and beatboxer, also known as the "Human Beat Box". The pioneer of 20th-century American beatboxing, Fresh is able to accurately imitate drum machines and various special effects using only his mouth, lips, gums, throat, tongue and a microphone.

In the early 1980s he formed the Lover Boy Crew with DJs Chill Will and Barry B and later added rapper Slick Rick.  Two of their songs "The Show" and "La Di Da Di" are considered early hip hop classics.  "La Di Da Di", in particular, is one of the most sampled songs in music history.
Metropolitan Tokyo Ordinance on Measures for Stranded Individuals
The Metropolitan Tokyo Ordinance on Measures for Stranded Persons (東京都帰宅困難者対策条例, Tōkyōto kitaku kon'nansha taisaku jōrei) is a city ordinance that requires businesses to prepare for a disaster in the Tokyo metropolitan area by stockpiling various emergency supplies at their places of business. It requires them to keep three days' supplies on hand so that commuters, particularly those who live far away, will not be forced by circumstances to walk home long distances in the event that the transportation systems are disrupted.

Drafted in the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, it was passed on March 30, 2012 and came into effect on April 1, 2013.

Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area is the third most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan (including Tokyo Metropolis and the prefectures of Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tochigi) as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi of the neighboring Chūbu region. In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being Capital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken).

As of 2026, the United Nations estimates the total population at 36,954,512. It is the second-largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi), behind only the New York City metropolitan area at 4,495 square miles (11,640 km2). With around US$1.8 trillion in GDP, Tokyo remains the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world, also behind New York.
Newport News Victory Arch
The Newport News Victory Arch (or simply Victory Arch) is a monument in Newport News, Virginia, erected first in 1919 and then rebuilt in 1962. The Victory Arch was established as a memorial to those who served in the American armed forces during periods of war. It is located on 25th Street and West Avenue in downtown Newport News, near the Jessie M. Rattley Municipal Center.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Barclay Rubincam
Barclay Lawrence Rubincam (July 2, 1920 – June 24, 1978) was an American artist who painted mostly in a regionalist style. He specialized in natural and historical scenes of his native Chester County, Pennsylvania. His art is held in the permanent collections of the Pennsylvania Museum of Art, the Brandywine Museum of Art, and the Chester County History Center.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Cascata dos Anjos
The Cascata dos Anjos (Angels Waterfall) is a waterfall located in the civil parish of Anjos, municipality of Ponta do Sol, on the Portuguese island of Madeira.

The waterfall cascades over the rockface onto the old E.R.101 regional roadway, and spills into the sea below.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Naseem Hamed vs. Augie Sanchez
Naseem Hamed vs. Augie Sanchez was a professional boxing match  contested on August 19, 2000, for the WBO and lineal featherweight championship. The bout took place at the Foxwoods Resort Casino in Ledyard, Connecticut.

Marco Antonio Barrera
Marco Antonio Barrera Tapia (born January 17, 1974) is a Mexican former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2011. He held multiple world championships in three weight classes between 1995 and 2007, from super bantamweight to super featherweight.

After a brief retirement after losing twice to Junior Jones, Barrera revived his career with a trilogy against Erik Morales and a win against Naseem Hamed, earning him the Ring magazine featherweight title. He lost this title in his first fight against Manny Pacquiao. BoxRec currently ranks Barrera 55th in its list of the greatest boxers of all time, pound for pound, while ESPN ranked Barrera as 43rd on their list of the 50 greatest boxers of all time. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2017.
Greek-style fish
Greek-style fish is a dish known in Poland possibly based on Greek Psari Plaki, served hot or cold, which is prepared from fried pieces or fillets of fish in vegetable sauce. Basic sauce ingredients are grated carrots, parsley root, celery, onion as well as  tomato concentrate. All of them are fried in oil and then braised with water, salt, pepper and spices (traditionally allspice, bay leaf and sometimes other ones). After frying, fish is shortly braised with previously stewed vegetables.

Braised fish in previously stewed and grated mirepoix with onion used to be called gefilte fish.

In Poland, Greek-style fish is eaten on Christmas Eve as a meatless fasting dish.

Allspice
Allspice, also known as Jamaica pepper, myrtle pepper, pimenta, or pimento, is the dried unripe berry of Pimenta dioica, a midcanopy tree native to the Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, and Central America, now cultivated in many warm parts of the world. The name allspice was coined as early as 1621 by the English, who valued it as a spice that combined the flavours of cinnamon, nutmeg, and clove. Contrary to common misconception, it is not a mixture of spices.

Several unrelated fragrant shrubs are called "Carolina allspice" (Calycanthus floridus), "Japanese allspice" (Chimonanthus praecox), or "wild allspice" (Lindera benzoin).
Colorado State Highway 177
State Highway 177 (SH 177) is a Colorado state highway in Douglas and Arapahoe counties. SH 177's southern terminus is at SH 470 in Highlands Ranch, and the northern terminus is at U.S. Route 285 (US 285) in Cherry Hills Village.

Douglas County, Colorado
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 357,978. The county is named in honor of U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas. The county seat is Castle Rock.

Douglas County is part of the Denver metropolitan area. It is located midway between Colorado's two largest cities, Denver and Colorado Springs, and contains a portion of Aurora, the state's third-largest city. Douglas County has the highest median household income of any Colorado county or statistical equivalent. It is ranked seventh nationally in that category.
Roberts Road station
Roberts Road station is a SEPTA Metro rapid transit station in Rosemont, Pennsylvania. It serves the M and is located at Roberts Road and David Drive in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. All trains stop at Roberts Road. The station lies 5.9 track miles (9.5 km) from 69th Street Transit Center.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
Hélène Rochette
Hélène Rochette is a Canadian artist in visual arts oriented towards the field of sculpture.

In 1982, she obtained a bachelor's degree in visual arts from the Université Laval in Quebec City.

She created several public art pieces, including Les fluides for the Montreal Metro at the Montmorency station.

Jardin-Paysage

Passage

Les fluides

Montmorency station (Montreal Metro)
Montmorency station (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃mɔʁɑ̃si] ⓘ) is a Montreal Metro station in Laval, Quebec, Canada, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM). It is located in the Laval-des-Rapides borough. The station is part of an extension to Laval and opened on April 28, 2007, becoming the northern terminus of the Orange Line.  After two years of opening, the Metro had generated an extra 60,000 daily passengers, around twice what had originally been estimated.
Eiken railway station
Eiken railway station (German: Bahnhof Eiken) is a railway station in the municipality of Eiken, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the Bözberg line and is served by local trains only.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.