hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
September 1950 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 26, 1950, with an umbral magnitude of 1.0783. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 5.1 days before apogee (on October 1, 1950, at 5:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This lunar eclipse was the last of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on April 13, 1949; October 7, 1949; and April 2, 1950.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
William of Tripoli
William of Tripoli (fl. 1254–1273) was a Dominican friar active as a missionary and papal nuncio in the Holy Land. He wrote two works about Islam, towards which he displayed an unusually irenic attitude for his time.

Irenicism
In Christian theology, irenicism refers to attempts to unify Christian apologetical systems by using reason as an essential attribute. The word is derived from the Greek word ειρήνη (eirene) meaning peace. It is a concept related to a communal theology and opposed to committed differences, which can cause unavoidable tension or friction, and is rooted in the ideals of pacifism. Those who affiliate themselves with irenicism identify the importance of unity in the Christian Church and declare the common bond of all Christians under Christ.
Cloister vault
In architecture, a cloister vault (also called a pavilion vault) is a vault with four convex surfaces (patches of cylinders) meeting at a point above the center of the vault.

It can be thought of as formed by two barrel vaults that cross at right angles to each other: the open space within the vault is the intersection of the space within the two barrel vaults, and the solid material that surrounds the vault is the union of the solid material surrounding the two barrel vaults.
In this way it differs from a groin vault, which is also formed from two barrel vaults but in the opposite way: in a groin vault, the space is the union of the spaces of two barrel vaults, and the solid material is the intersection.

A cloister vault is a square domical vault, a kind of vault with a polygonal base. Domical vaults can have other polygons as cross-sections (especially octagons) rather than being limited to squares.

Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek  κύλινδρος (kúlindros) 'roller, tumbler') has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in a solid ball versus sphere surface)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term "cylinder" could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder.
Dark figure of crime
First coined by Belgian sociologist and criminologist Adolphe Quetelet in the 19th century, the dark figure of crime, hidden figure of crime, or latent criminality is the amount of unreported, undetected, or undiscovered crime, and is a central concept of victimology, highlighting the limitations of solely relying upon official crime statistics. Crime may go unreported for various reasons, such as a victim being unaware that a crime occurred, personal dynamics with the perpetrator, perceived social stigma, distrust of the police, or fear of retaliation.

Adolphe Quetelet
Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet FRSF or FRSE (French: [kətlɛ] ⓘ; 22 February 1796 – 17 February 1874) was a Belgian-French astronomer, mathematician, statistician, and sociologist who founded and directed the Brussels Observatory and was influential in introducing statistical methods to the social sciences. His name is sometimes spelled with an accent as Quételet.

He also founded the science of anthropometry and developed the body mass index (BMI) scale, originally called the Quetelet Index. His work on measuring human characteristic to determine the ideal l'homme moyen ("the average man"), played a key role in the origins of eugenics.
Pampus
Pampus (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpɑmpʏs]) is an artificial island and late 19th-century sea fort located in the IJmeer near Amsterdam. Pampus now belongs to the municipality of Gooise Meren and is open to visitors.

Together with the artillery battery on the lighthouse island near Durgerdam and the battery at the Diemer seawall, Pampus protected the entrance to IJ Bay and the harbour of Amsterdam. Pampus was part of the Defence Line of Amsterdam (Dutch: Stelling van Amsterdam). In 1996, UNESCO designated the entire Defence Line with its 42 forts a World Heritage Site.

Durgerdam
Durgerdam is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Amsterdam, and lies about 7 km east of the city centre, along the dyke of the IJmeer.

Durgerdam is a part of the deelgemeente (sub-municipality) Amsterdam-Noord. The village has about 430 inhabitants.

Durgerdam was a separate municipality between 1 May 1817, and 1 January 1818, when it was merged with Ransdorp.

Durgerdam hosted the second "Pit Stop" on The Amazing Race 12, a reality television show that circles the globe.

There is song about the Durgerdam written by Jeroen Zjilstraa, called "Durgerdam sleeps". The song appeared on their 2002 album Tussen Den Oever en New York. In 2003, the song was released as the only single from the album.
Platform 5
Platform 5 is a publisher that specialises in rail transport books and magazines. The full name of the company is Platform 5 Publishing Limited. It was founded by Peter Fox and Neil Webster in 1977. It initially produced books with a target market of the rail enthusiast in the United Kingdom before diversifying into magazines and also Europe. Today's Railways (later Today's Railways Europe) was launched in 1994 and Entrain (later Today's Railways UK) in 2002. During the COVID-19 pandemic it temporarily suspended publication of its journals. It is based in Sheffield.

Trainspotters in the United Kingdom
A trainspotter, also known as a locospotter or gricer, is a member of a British subculture that was popularised in the 1940s. Based on the spotting of locomotives and recording of their numbers, the subculture gained a notorious reputation in British popular culture during the twentieth century.
Denis Murphy (Carlow hurler)
Denis Murphy (born 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays as a full-forward for the Carlow senior team.

Born in Borris, County Carlow, Murphy first played competitive hurling whilst at school in Borris Vocational School. He made his first impression on the inter-county scene as a dual player at minor level before later joining the under-21 hurling team. He made his senior debut during the 2010 championship. Murphy only played for one championship season and enjoyed little success.

At club level Murphy is a one-time Leinster medallist with Mount Leinster Rangers. He also won five championship medals.

Borris, County Carlow
Borris (Irish: An Bhuiríos, formerly Buirgheas Ó nDróna) is a village on the River Barrow, in County Carlow, Ireland. It lies on the R702 regional road.

Borris has views of the neighbouring countryside with Mount Leinster and the Blackstairs Mountains to the east, and the Barrow Valley to the west.  It is the home to Borris House, the ancestral home of the MacMurrough Kavanaghs.
RGS Mirage GT1
The RGS Mirage GT1 is a grand tourer-style race car designed and built by RGS Motorsport. Built to GT1 regulations, it competed in the British GT Championship from 1997 to 1998 before contesting select rounds of the All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship in 2000 and 2003. The Mirage GT1 is significant for being constructed from kit car panels to look indistinguishable from the Lamborghini Countach, making it unique amongst top category GT race cars.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Jim Pettapiece
James K. Pettapiece (May 7, 1937 – December 19, 2016) was a Canadian curler. He was the second on the Don Duguid rink that won two Curling Championships and two Brier Championships in 1970 and 1971. Pettapiece also played in the 1973 Macdonald Brier playing second for the Danny Fink rink, finishing with a 4–6 record. He was inducted into the Canadian Curling Hall of Fame in 1974, and into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 1981. He died in Vancouver in 2016 following a two-month struggle with cancer.

Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
The Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum is a Canadian museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, dedicated to honoring the history and achievements of sports in Manitoba. The organization began in 1980, and then opened a museum in The Forks in 1993. After five years, the museum moved to The Bay store on Portage Avenue. Its present-day location is the Sport Manitoba building (145 Pacific Ave.), where it had its grand opening on October 27, 2012.

Exhibits of Manitoba's sports teams and honoured athletes are displayed in the museum.

The Hall of Fame inducts both individuals as well as teams.
Listed buildings in Thornton Hough
Thornton Hough is a village in Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It contains 40 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.   Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The village was developed into a model village in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century by two industrialists, first by Joseph Hirst, a textile manufacturer from Yorkshire, and later by Lord Leverhulme, the soap manufacturer who also created the model village of Port Sunlight.  Most of the listed buildings were constructed for them, including the two churches.  The only listed building pre-dating the works of the industrialists are a public house, and Thornton Manor, which was greatly expanded by Lord Leverhulme.

Model village
A model village is a mostly self-contained community, built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and business magnates to house their workers. "Model" implies an ideal to which other developments could aspire. Although the villages are located close to the workplace, they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high-quality housing, with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments.
Drosera admirabilis
Drosera admirabilis, sometimes referred to as the "floating sundew", is in the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae. The species was first described by Paul Debbert in 1987 and is native to the south-western Cape Province of South Africa.

Structurally similar to Drosera aliciae, and Drosera cuneifolia, the D. admirabilis grows in a single tight rosette-shaped leaf bundle. The leaves widen towards the end and have rounded tips. Leaves lay horizontally under proper lighting conditions. Like many other African sundews, D. admirabilis is a perennial. D. admirabilis has outer tentacles like those of Drosera glanduligera, Drosera sessilifolia and Drosera burmanni which  briefly after stimulation bend towards the prey.

Droseraceae
Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera, the vast majority being in the sundew genus Drosera. The family also contains the well-known Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) and the more obscure waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa), both of which are the only living species of their respective genera.  Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica.
Brzana Dolna
Brzana Dolna [ˈbʐana ˈdɔlna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowa, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The name Brzana Dolna means "Lower Brzana". The village and Brzana Górna ("Upper Brzana") make up a single sołectwo called Brzana.

Sołectwo
A sołectwo [sɔˈwɛt͡stfɔ] ⓘ (Polish plural: sołectwa) is an administrative unit in Poland, an optional subdivision of a gmina. The actions and organs of the sołectwo are decided by the gmina council. On 31 December 2018 Poland had 40 740 sołectwa.
Harriet Records
Harriet Records was an American independent record label based out of Cambridge, Massachusetts. The label was founded by Harvard history professor Tim Alborn in 1989. The label was named for the children's book Harriet the Spy.  The majority of Harriet's releases were indie pop 7" vinyl singles, but eventually they started releasing full length CDs. Harriet gave a number of notable artists their start. John Darnielle, Wimp Factor 14, My Favorite,  Crayon, Six Cents and Natalie, Tullycraft, and The Magnetic Fields all released early records on Harriet. After forty-five singles and ten CDs Harriet shut its doors in 1998.

John Darnielle
John Darnielle (/dɑːrˈniːl/; born March 16, 1967) is an American musician and novelist best known as the primary, and originally sole, member of the American band The Mountain Goats, for which he is the writer, composer, guitarist, pianist, and vocalist. He has written three novels: Wolf in White Van (2014), Universal Harvester (2017), and Devil House (2022).
Death of Savita Halappanavar
Savita Halappanavar (née Savita Andanappa Yalagi; 9 September 1981 – 28 October 2012) was a dentist of Indian origin, living in Ireland, who died from sepsis after her request for an abortion after a prolonged miscarriage was denied on legal grounds. In the wake of a nationwide outcry over her death, Irish voters passed in a landslide the Thirty-Sixth Amendment of the Constitution, which repealed the Eighth Amendment and empowered the Oireachtas parliament to make abortion legal. It did so through the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act of 20 December 2018.

Health Service Executive
The Health Service Executive (HSE) (Irish: Feidhmeannacht na Seirbhíse Sláinte) is the publicly funded healthcare system in Ireland, responsible for the provision of health and personal social services. It came into operation on 1 January 2005.

The current director-general is Bernard Gloster, who took up the new role on 6 March 2023, after Paul Reid stepped down.
Georgina Parkinson
Georgina Parkinson (20 August 1938 – 18 December 2009) was an English ballet dancer and ballet mistress. She joined The Royal Ballet in 1957 and was promoted to principal dancer in 1962. Best known for dancing 20th-century works, she was a frequent collaborator of choreographer Kenneth MacMillan, and had also created roles for Frederick Ashton. In 1978, she accepted the invitation to become a ballet mistress at the American Ballet Theatre for a year, before assuming the position permanently in 1980. She also performed character roles with the American Ballet Theatre.

Daphnis et Chloé
Daphnis et Chloé is a 1912 ballet and orchestral concert work, subtitled symphonie chorégraphique (choreographic symphony), for orchestra and wordless chorus by Maurice Ravel. It is in three main sections, or parties, and a dozen scenes, most of them dances, and lasts just under an hour, making it the composer's longest work. It premiered as a ballet, but it is more frequently given as a concert work, either complete or excerpted.

The dance scenario was adapted by choreographer Michel Fokine from a pastoral romance by the Greek writer Longus thought to date from the 2nd century AD, recounting the love between the goatherd Daphnis and the shepherdess Chloé. Scott Goddard in 1926 published a commentary on the changes to the story Fokine had to apply in order to make the scenario workable.
History of the Red Terror (Ethiopia)
The History of the Red Terror refers to the political repression launched by the Derg military junta in Ethiopia from 1976 to 1978, resulting in the deaths of more than 10,000 people. The government officially uses the term "Red Terror" to refer to these events. During the 1960s and early 1970s, the Haile Selassie government faced heavy criticism, particularly from the educated class, including university students who supported left-wing ideologies. While most detentions and executions took place in Addis Ababa, there were also numerous massacres across the country, particularly in 1978. Cities such as Asmara, Gondar, Bahir Dar, and Jimma suffered heavily during this period.

Jimma
Jimma (Oromo: Jimmaa) is the largest city in southwestern Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is a special zone of the Oromia Region and is surrounded by Jimma Zone. It has a latitude and longitude of 7°40′N 36°50′E﻿ / ﻿7.667°N 36.833°E﻿ / 7.667; 36.833. Prior to the 2007 census, Jimma was reorganized administratively as a special Zone.
Gauss–Laguerre quadrature
In numerical analysis Gauss–Laguerre quadrature (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Edmond Laguerre) is an extension of the Gaussian quadrature method for approximating the value of integrals of the following kind:

In this case

where xi is the i-th root of Laguerre polynomial Ln(x) and the weight wi is given by

The following Python code with the SymPy library will allow for calculation of the values of  and  to 20 digits of precision:

SymPy
SymPy is an open-source Python library for symbolic computation. It provides computer algebra capabilities either as a standalone application, as a library to other applications, or live on the web as SymPy Live or SymPy Gamma. SymPy is simple to install and to inspect because it is written entirely in Python with few dependencies. This ease of access combined with a simple and extensible codebase in a well-known language make SymPy a computer algebra system with a relatively low barrier to entry.

SymPy includes features ranging from basic symbolic arithmetic to calculus, algebra, discrete mathematics, and quantum physics. It is capable of formatting the result of the computations as LaTeX code.

SymPy is free software and is licensed under the 3-clause BSD. The lead developers are Ondřej Čertík and Aaron Meurer. It was started in 2005 by Ondřej Čertík.
Terrestrial splayfoot salamander
The terrestrial splayfoot salamander (Chiropterotriton terrestris), also known as the terrestrial flat-footed salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Hidalgo state, Mexico. Its natural habitats are humid pine–oak and cloud forests. It is threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation and the potential spread of amphibian pathogens due to the illegal pet trade.

Sierra Madre Oriental
The Sierra Madre Oriental (Spanish: [ˈsjera ˈmaðɾe oɾjenˈtal] ⓘ) is a mountain range located in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America, and Antarctica.
Rónald Gómez
Rónald Gómez Gómez (born 24 January 1975) is a Costa Rican former football forward and manager. He is the current manager for Liga Nacional club Coatepeque Fútbol Club.

An important player on the Costa Rica national football team during the 1990s and 2000s, Gómez is regarded as one of Costa Rica's best forwards, known for his rocket shots and top dribbling.

Gómez is, along with Paulo Wanchope, the top scorer for Costa Rica in the FIFA World Cup with three goals.

Asociación Deportiva Carmelita
Asociación Deportiva Carmelita is a Costa Rican football team playing in the Segunda División. The team is based in Barrio El Carmen, Alajuela, Costa Rica and their home stadium is Rafael Bolaños Stadium in El Coyol, Alajuela
Prochilodus nigricans
Prochilodus nigricans, or black prochilodus, is a species of prochilodontid fish from the Amazon Basin in South America. It supports major fisheries; according to IBAMA, it is the third most caught taxon in the Brazilian Amazon by weight, after Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and Semaprochilodus spp. The black prochilodus is migratory, moving between different parts of the Amazon. The black prochilodus reaches up to 45 cm (18 in) in total length and 1.2 kg (2.6 lb) in weight.

Prochilodontidae
The Prochilodontidae, commonly known as the bocachicos or flannel-mouthed characins, are a small family of freshwater fishes found primarily in the northern half of South America, south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. This family is closely related to the Curimatidae, and were included in Characidae before that family was revised and split.

These fish have fleshy lips bearing rows of small teeth; their lips are able to be extended into a sucking disc used to feed on detritus and aufwuchs. They often live in huge schools, traveling upriver to spawn. In their native range, they are a popular food fish, and are caught in large numbers.
Mthatha General Hospital
Mthatha General Hospital is a large Provincial government funded hospital situated in central Mthatha in South Africa. It is a general hospital and forms part of the Mthatha Hospital Complex.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Occupational Services, X-ray Services, Physiotherapy, Speech and Audiology services, NHLS Laboratory, Oral Health Care Provides, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Morgue
A morgue or mortuary (in a hospital or elsewhere) is a place used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification (ID), removal for autopsy, respectful burial, entombment or cremation. In modern times, corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition.