hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament
The 2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament (or Rotterdam Open) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy arena in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, between 9–15 February 2015. It was the 42nd edition of the Rotterdam Open, whose official name is the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament. The competition was part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. Stan Wawrinka won the singles.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
Sântimbru, Harghita
Sântimbru (Hungarian: Csíkszentimre or colloquially Szentimre, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtʃiːksɛntimrɛ], meaning "St. Emeric of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.

Harghita County
Harghita County (Romanian: Județul Harghita, Romanian pronunciation: [harˈɡita] ⓘ and Hungarian: Hargita megye, pronounced [ˈhɒrɡitɒ]) is a county (județ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc.
Shebedino
Shebedino is a woreda in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Sidama Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Shebedino is bordered on the south by Dale, on the west by Boricha, on the north by Awasa Zuria, on the east by Gorche, and on the southeast by Wensho. Towns in Shebedino include Leku. Boricha and Gorche woredas were separated from Shebedino woreda.

According to a 2004 report, Shebedino had 17 kilometers of asphalt roads, 50 kilometers of all-weather roads and 58 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 121 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Fuzzy rule
Fuzzy rules are used within fuzzy logic systems to infer an output based on input variables. Modus ponens and modus tollens are the most important rules of inference.  A modus ponens rule is in the form

Premise: x is A

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B

In crisp logic, the premise x is A can only be true or false. However, in a fuzzy rule, the premise x is A and the consequent y is B can be true to a degree, instead of entirely true or entirely false. This is achieved by representing the linguistic variables A and B using fuzzy sets. In a fuzzy rule, modus ponens is extended to generalised modus ponens:.

Premise: x is A*

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B*

The key difference is that the premise x is A can be only partially true. As a result, the consequent y is B is also partially true. Truth is represented as a real number between 0 and 1, where 0 is false and 1 is true.

Linguistic value
In artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic operations research, and related fields, a linguistic value is a natural language term which is derived using quantitative or qualitative reasoning such as with probability and statistics or fuzzy sets and systems. Variables that take linguistic values are called linguistic variables.
USS Sonoma (1862)
The first USS Sonoma was a sidewheel gunboat that served in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for Sonoma Creek in northern California, Sonoma County, California, and the town of  Sonoma, California, that in turn were named for one of the chiefs of the Chocuyen Indians of that region.

Sonoma was launched by the Portsmouth Navy Yard at Kittery, Maine, on 15 April 1862; sponsored by Miss Mary N. Bleecker; and commissioned on 8 July 1862, Commander Thomas H. Stevens, Jr. in command.

Kittery, Maine
Kittery is a town in York County, Maine, United States, and the oldest incorporated town in Maine. Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey's Island, Kittery includes Badger's Island, the seaside district of Kittery Point, the village of Kittery, and part of the Isles of Shoals. The southernmost town in the state, it is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores.

Kittery is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The town's population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.
Elephant walk
Elephant walk or Elephant Walk might refer to:

Elephant Walk, a 1954 film starring Elizabeth Taylor (after the 1948 novel)

Elephant Walk (novel), a 1948 novel by "Robert Standish", Digby George Gerahty

Elephant Walk (restaurant), a French and Cambodian restaurant

Elephant Walk (Texas A&M), a Texas A&M University tradition

Elephant walk, a hazing tradition described in detail in the book Not Gay

"Elephant Walk", a 2002 song by Har Mar Superstar

Elephant walk (aviation), aircraft taxiing in close formation before takeoff

"Baby Elephant Walk", a 1961 song by Henry Mancini

Baby Elephant Walk
"Baby Elephant Walk" is a song composed in 1961 by Henry Mancini for the 1962 film Hatari! Lyrics by Hal David were not used in the film version. The instrumental earned Mancini a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement in 1963.
Hallidie Plaza
Hallidie Plaza is a public square located at the entrance to Powell Street Station (the third-busiest BART station as of 2015) on Market Street in the Union Square area of downtown San Francisco, California, United States. Hallidie Plaza was designed jointly by Lawrence Halprin, John Carl Warnecke, and Mario Ciampi and opened in 1973. In 1997, a perforated stainless steel-screened elevator was added to provide access to the plaza and station for disabled people.

Although Powell Street station is one of the busiest stations in the BART system, Hallidie Plaza is relatively underused and has been criticized for its isolation from Market.

Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART serves 50 stations along six routes and 131 miles (211 kilometers) of track, including eBART, a 9-mile (14 km) spur line running to Antioch, and Oakland Airport Connector, a 3-mile (4.8 km) automated guideway transit line serving Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport. With an average of 186,000 weekday passenger trips as of the fourth quarter of 2025 and 55,483,900 annual passenger trips in 2025, BART is the seventh-busiest rapid transit system in the United States.

BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District which formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The system has been extended several times, most recently in 2020, when Milpitas and Berryessa/North San José stations opened as part of the under construction Silicon Valley BART extension in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA).
Velorvattom
Velorvattom(വേളോർവട്ടം) is a place near Cherthala, Kerala State, India.

The place is famous for a temple "Velorvattom Maha deva temple", worshipping lord Shiva. The temple has two "nada" (entries) which is rare in Kerala. The temple was owned by "Azhvanchery Thamprakkal" and now running by Kerala Urazma Devasam Board (KUDB). It is believed that the temple was created by Vilwamangalam Swami, around 700 years ago.

Cherthala
Cherthala is a suburb and satellite town of Kochi City located in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India, along National Highway 66.

As per the 2011 Indian census, Cherthala has a population of 45,821 people, and a population density of 2,727/km2 (7,060/sq mi).
Santi Sergio e Bacco
Santi Sergio e Bacco is a Catholic church of the Byzantine Rite located on Piazza Madonna dei Monti in the rione of Monti in Rome, Italy. Sergius and Bacchus are said to have been early fourth-century Roman military officers and Christian martyrs buried in Syria. In the 9th century the church was known as Sergius and Bacchus in Callinico, in the Middle Ages as Sergius and Bacchus de Suburra,  and from the 18th century forward has been known also as the church of Madonna del Pascolo. Since 1970 it has been a national church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Rome and was known officially as the "Parish of Ukrainian Catholics of Madonna del Pascolo and Saints Sergius and Bacchus." Since 2019 the church serves as a cathedral for the Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy.

Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy
The Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy (Latin: Exarchatus Apostolicus Italiae Ucrainorum) is an Apostolic Exarchate (pre-diocesan jurisdiction) of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church covers its faithful in Italy and San Marino.
Katie Did It
Katie Did It is a 1951 American romantic comedy film directed by Fred de Cordova and starring Ann Blyth, Mark Stevens and Cecil Kellaway. The plot concerns a small-town girl who falls in love with a big-city artist but mistakenly believes that he has a wife and children.

Fred de Cordova
Frederick Timmins de Cordova (October 27, 1910 – September 15, 2001) was an American stage, motion picture and television director and producer. He is best known for his work on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
Close to Critical
Close to Critical is a science fiction novel by American writer Hal Clement. The novel was first serialized in three parts and published in Astounding Science Fiction magazine in 1958. Its first hardcover book publication was in July 1964.

Epsilon Virginis
Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), formally named Vindemiatrix /vɪndiːmiˈeɪtrɪks/, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +2.8, making it the third-brightest member of Virgo. Based upon parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, Vindemiatrix lies at a distance of about 110 light-years (34 parsecs) from the Sun, give or take half a light-year.
2012 San Luis Potosí Challenger – Doubles
Santiago González and Horacio Zeballos were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler won the title, defeating Andre Begemann and Jordan Kerr 3–6, 7–5, [10–7] in the final.

Simon Stadler
Simon Stadler (German pronunciation: [ˈziːmɔn ˈʃtaːdlɐ]; born 20 July 1983 in Heidelberg, West Germany) is a German retired professional left-handed tennis player. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 140 in February 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 52 in February 2014.
2014 Colonial Square Ladies Classic
The 2014 Colonial Square Ladies Classic was held from November 7 to 10 at the Nutana Curling Club in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan as part of the 2014–15 World Curling Tour. This was the third Grand Slam event on the women's World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple-knockout format, and the purse was CAD$47,000, of which the winner, Eve Muirhead, received CAD$12,000. In the final, Muirhead defeated Sherry Middaugh of Ontario, scoring a game-winning deuce in the last end to make the final score 5–4.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
HNoMS Axel Thorsen
Axel Thorsen (1810/1814–1863) was a Norske Kanonskonnert built in Trondheim, and launched on 28 April 1810.  She was one of ten such ships built in either Bergen or Trondheim for the Danish-Norwegian navy before the end of the Napoleonic Wars (and English Wars) when Norway became independent of Denmark at the Treaty of Kiel in 1814.

English Wars (Scandinavia)
The English Wars (Danish: Englandskrigene, Swedish: Englandskrigen) were a series of conflicts pitting the United Kingdom and Sweden against Denmark-Norway as part of the Napoleonic Wars. It is named after England, the common name in Scandinavia for the United Kingdom, which declared war on Denmark-Norway due to disagreements over the neutrality of Danish trade and to prevent the Danish fleet falling into the hands of the First French Empire. It began with the Battle of Copenhagen (1801) and its latter stage from 1807 onwards was followed by the Gunboat War, the Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09 and the Swedish invasion of Holstein in 1814.
Bademiya
Bademiya is an iconic food stall and restaurant chain in Mumbai, India. It was established in 1946 by Mohammad Yaseen as makeshift seekh kabab counter. The counter has now branched out into several restaurants, takeaway joint and a permanent food stall at the original location. The restaurant is a popular landmark and touristic attraction of Mumbai.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
9th Saturn Awards
The 9th Saturn Awards, honoring the best in science fiction, fantasy and horror film in 1981, were held on July 27, 1982. It was hosted by Sandahl Bergman and Richard Lynch at the Director's Guild Theater Complex on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, California.

Richard Lynch
Richard Lynch (February 12, 1940 – June 19, 2012) was an American actor best known for portraying villains in films and television.

His film credits included Scarecrow, The Seven-Ups (both 1973), God Told Me To (1976), The Sword and the Sorcerer (1982), Invasion U.S.A. (1985), Little Nikita, Bad Dreams (both 1988), Puppet Master III: Toulon's Revenge (1991), and Halloween (2007). He appeared as Wolfe in the 1978 science fiction TV series Battlestar Galactica, and appeared again in its sequel series Galactica 1980, as Commander Xaviar. Lynch's other TV roles included Starsky and Hutch, Baretta, T. J. Hooker, Blue Thunder, Airwolf, The A-Team, The Fall Guy, Charmed, Vega$, Murder, She Wrote, and Star Trek: The Next Generation.
German Museum of Books and Writing
The German Museum of Books and Writing (German: Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum (DBSM)) in Leipzig, Germany, founded in 1884 as Deutsches Buchgewerbe-Museum, is the world's oldest museum of its kind, dedicated to collecting and preserving objects and documents as well as literature connected with the history of books, including paper, printing techniques, the art of illustration, and bookbinding. The museum is housed in a modern €60 million annex to the German National Library in Leipzig built in 2011.

In 1886, the museum acquired the entire book collection of Heinrich Klemm, which he had sold to the Kingdom of Saxony the year before. A rare copy of a 42-line Gutenberg Bible printed on vellum was among the books in the collection. At the end of World War II, the Bible was taken as war booty and transferred to the Russian State Library in Moscow, where it remains today.

Kingdom of Saxony
The Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen) was a German monarchy in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, the successor of the Electorate of Saxony. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, later joining the German Confederation after Napoleon was defeated in 1815. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state of the Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III. Its capital was Dresden, and its modern successor is the Free State of Saxony.
IBM 2361 Large Capacity Storage
The IBM 2361 Large Capacity Storage (LCS) is an optional component of the IBM System/360 models 50, 65 (when not being used as a multiprocessor), and 75 computers.  Storage is implemented using magnetic cores; the cycle time is 8 microseconds and the access time is 3.6 microseconds.  This component is also called IBM 2361 Core Storage or IBM 2361 Large Core Storage. It provides additional main storage with a slower access time than the standard storage of the machine—for example 8 microseconds compared to 750 nanoseconds for main storage on the Model 65.

The IBM 2361 was also provided to NASA for use on their IBM 7094 real-time system, where it supplied 524,000 36-bit words of additional memory.

Nanosecond
A nanosecond (ns) is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a second, that is, ⁠1/1000000000⁠ of a second, or 10−9 seconds.

The term combines the SI prefix nano- indicating a 1 billionth submultiple of an SI unit (e.g. nanogram, nanometre, etc.) and second, the primary unit of time in the SI.

A nanosecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 31.69 years.

A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or ⁠1/1000⁠ microsecond.  Time units ranging between 10−8 and 10−7 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of nanoseconds.

Time units of this granularity are commonly found in telecommunications, pulsed lasers, and related aspects of electronics.
MapServer
MapServer is an open-source development environment for building spatially enabled internet applications, built in the C language, and is widely known as one of the fastest Web mapping engines available. It can run as a CGI program or via MapScript which supports several programming languages (using SWIG).  MapServer can access hundreds of data formats, any raster or vector format supported by GDAL, and reprojections on-the-fly are handled by PROJ. MapServer was originally developed by Steve Lime, then working at the University of Minnesota — so, it was previously referred to as "UMN MapServer", to distinguish it from commercial "map servers"; today it is commonly referred to as just "MapServer", and is maintained by the MapServer Project Steering Committee (PSC).  MapServer was originally developed with support from NASA, which needed a way to make its satellite imagery available to the public.

Satellite imagery
Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world. Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google Maps.
Shree Bose
Shree Bose (born March 27, 1994) is an American scientist, inventor, and speaker. She is known as the grand prize winner of the inaugural Google Science Fair in 2011. She is currently a member of the Physician Scientist Development Program (PSDP) program at the University of Chicago Medical Center, having graduated with an MD–PhD from Duke University School of Medicine in 2023. For high school, she went to Fort Worth Country Day School and graduated in May, 2012. She studied at Harvard College until May 2016. In 2014, she cofounded Piper, a STEM education company creating engineering kits for children.

Duke University School of Medicine
The Duke University School of Medicine, commonly known as Duke Med, is the medical school of Duke University. It was established in 1925 by James B. Duke.

The School of Medicine, along with the Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University Hospital, Duke Regional Hospital, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke Raleigh Hospital, and other affiliated hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, make up the Duke University Health System.

Clinical rotations by medical students and residents occur within the Duke University Health System, a fully integrated academic health care system encompassing a tertiary-care hospital and specialty clinics on the Medical Center campus, two community hospitals, a VA hospital, home health and hospice services, a network of primary care physicians, and other affiliated partners across the SE United States.
KF Fortuna 1975
KF Fortuna 1975 (Macedonian: ФК Фортуна Скопје, FK Fortuna Skopje) is a football club based in the Čento neighbourhood of Skopje, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Third League (North Division).

Macedonian Third Football League
The Macedonian Third League (Macedonian: Македонска трета лига) is the third highest football competition in North Macedonia.

In 2019–20, the competition will be divided into five divisions named Third League - North (Трета Лига - Север), Third League - Center (Трета Лига - Центар), Third League - Southeast (Трета Лига - Југоисток), Third League - West (Трета Лига - Запад) and Third League - Southwest (Трета Лига-Југозапад). At the end of the season, the winners of the North, West and Southwest divisions will play in a play-off for promotion to the Macedonian Second League, while the winners of Center and Southeast divisions will be directly promoted to the Second League. The bottom teams from all divisions are relegated to the Macedonian Municipal Leagues.
Pyotr Zinchenko
Petr Ivanovich Zinchenko (Russian: Пётр Иванович Зинченко) (12 July 1903 – 17 February 1969) was a Soviet developmental psychologist, a student of Lev Vygotsky and Alexei Leontiev and himself one of the major representatives of the Kharkov School of Psychology. In 1963, Zinchenko founded and headed the department of psychology at Kharkiv University until his death in 1969.

He had one child, Vladimir Petrovich Zinchenko, who later became a psychologist.

VN Karazin Kharkiv National University
The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет імені В.Н. Каразіна, romanized: Kharkivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni V.N. Karazina), also known as Kharkiv National University or Karazin University, is a public university in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin, becoming the second oldest university, and the oldest continuously operating one, in modern-day Ukraine.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, all buildings were partially or fully destroyed by attacks from Russian forces.