hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Markoff
John Gregory Markoff (born October 24, 1949) is a journalist best known for his work covering technology at The New York Times for 28 years until his retirement in 2016, and a book and series of articles about the 1990s pursuit and capture of hacker Kevin Mitnick.

Security hacker
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching or bypassing defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, sabotage, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.

Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats). A 2014 article noted that "the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public". The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the "computer underground".
William Gallagher (civil servant)
Sir William Gallagher CB ISO (18 November 1851 – 5 August 1933) was a British civil servant who served as Chief Inspector of Customs. He was knighted in the 1916 Birthday Honours and appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1920 New Year Honours.

HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
1chipMSX
The One chip MSX, or 1chipMSX as the D4 Enterprise distributional name for the ESE MSX System 3, is a re-implementation of an MSX-2 home computer that uses a single FPGA to implement all the electronics (except the RAM) of an MSX-2, including the MSX-MUSIC and SCC+ audio extensions.

The system is housed in a transparent blue plastic box, and can be used with a standard monitor (or TV) and a PC keyboard. 
Original MSX cartridges can be inserted, as well as SD and MMC memory cards as an external storage medium. Even though it lacks a 3.5" disk drive, disks are supported through emulation on a memory card, including support for booting MSX-DOS. Due to its VHDL programmable hardware, it's possible to give the device new hardware extensions by simply running a reconfiguration program under MSX-DOS. The "one chip-MSX" is equipped with two USB connectors, that can be used after adding some supporting VHDL code.

VHDL
VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language that can model the behavior and structure of digital systems at multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from the system level down to that of logic gates, for design entry, documentation, and verification purposes. The language was developed for the US military VHSIC program in the 1980s, and has been standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as IEEE Std 1076; the latest version of which is IEEE Std 1076-2019. To model analog and mixed-signal systems, an IEEE-standardized HDL based on VHDL called VHDL-AMS (officially IEEE 1076.1) has been developed.
I Love I Hate
"I Love I Hate" is a song by the English singer and musician Neil Arthur, released on 24 January 1994 as the lead single from his debut solo studio album, Suitcase (1994). It was written by Arthur and produced by Marius de Vries. It reached No. 50 on the UK singles chart and remained on the charts for two weeks.

For the single's 12" format releases, remixes were created by the English electronic dance group the Grid, with others by Dom T. and Marius de Vries. A music video was filmed in Coney Island and New York City to promote the single. It was directed by Lindy Heymann.

The Grid
The Grid were an English electronic dance group, consisting of David Ball (formerly of Soft Cell) and Richard Norris, with guest contributions from other musicians. They are best known for the hits "Swamp Thing", "Texas Cowboys", "Crystal Clear", "Rollercoaster" and "Floatation". Ball died on 23 October 2025.
River Dell High School
River Dell High School is a four-year comprehensive regional public high school, part of the River Dell Regional School District, which is shared with the neighboring communities of Oradell and River Edge in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located in Oradell, River Dell High School has been a four-year high school since 1994, and is accredited by the New Jersey Department of Education.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 992 students and 89.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.2:1. There were 11 students (1.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 4 (0.4% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Comprehensive high school
Comprehensive high schools are the most widely adopted form of public high schools around the world, designed to provide a well-rounded education to its students. The typical comprehensive high school offers more than one course program of specialization to its students. Comprehensive high schools generally offer a college preparatory course program and one or more foreign language, scientific or vocational course programs. Alternatively, in some educational systems examinations are used to sort students into different high schools for different populations. Other types of high schools specialize in university-preparatory school academic preparation, remedial instruction, or vocational instruction.
Edward Bruce
Edward Bruce, Earl of Carrick (Norman French: Edward de Brus; Middle Irish: Edubard a Briuis; Modern Scottish Gaelic: Scottish Gaelic: Eideard or Iomhair Bruis; c. 1280 – 14 October 1318), was a younger brother of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots. He supported his brother in the 1306–1314 struggle for the Scottish crown, then pursued his own claims in Ireland. Proclaimed High King of Ireland in 1315 and crowned in 1316, he was eventually defeated and killed by Anglo-Irish forces of the Lordship of Ireland at the Battle of Faughart in County Louth in 1318.

Earl of Ulster
The title of Earl of Ulster has been created six times in the Peerage of Ireland  and twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since 1928, the title has been held by the Duke of Gloucester and is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's eldest son, currently Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster. The wife of the Earl of Ulster is known as the Countess of Ulster. Ulster, one of the four traditional provinces of Ireland, consists of nine counties: six of these make up Northern Ireland; the remainder are in the Republic of Ireland.
Marvadene Anderson
Marvadene (Bubbles) Anderson (born 1 May 1993) is a Jamaican basketball and netball player, at one time recognized as the world's tallest teenage girl at 6 ft 11.5 in (2.12 m). Anderson is originally from Prospect in Clarendon Parish, where she attended Edwin Allen Comprehensive High School. She also played in the Jamaican U16 netball team. Anderson subsequently travelled to the United States on a basketball scholarship to Rutgers Preparatory School in New Jersey.

As the world's tallest teenage girl, Anderson was featured on The Learning Channel documentary The World's Tallest Children, and in 2010 she was interviewed on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Anderson committed to play basketball at the University of Pittsburgh, and redshirted during the 2012-13 season.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
2003–04 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2003/04 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the twenty fifth World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 6 September 2003 and ended on 13 March 2004. This season included four disciplines: aerials, moguls, ski cross and halfpipe.

In this season new discipline halfpipe was for the first time introduced in world cup. Dual moguls counted together with moguls rankings and awarded with small crystal globe joined with moguls. Both events in Inawashiro were moguls events although 15 Feb 2004 is wrongly labeled as dual moguls in official fis results.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Richard Estes (paleoherpetologist)
Richard Dean Estes (1932-1990) was a paleoherpetologist, specializing in the evolution of extinct salamanders.

He was awarded the Romer-Simpson Medal in 1990 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and served as an editor for the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
The Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1980 by Jiri Zidek (University of Oklahoma). It covers all aspects of vertebrate paleontology, including vertebrate origins, evolution, functional morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and paleoanthropology. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.190.
Monguagon Township, Michigan
Mongaugon Township, is a former township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Quarries where gray limestone and celestine associated with calcite, fluorite, gypsum, epsomite, and rarely, sulfur were first worked by the French circa 1749. United States forces aided by Muskrat French defeated United Kingdom forces aided by Native Americans forces at the Battle of Monguagon during the War of 1812.

Mongaugon Township was first settled in 1812 by many former soldiers of the afformentioned War who founded villages that grew to become the cities of Trenton and Riverview, and the civil township of Grosse Ile.

Michigan Territory
The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.
Diceratocephalus
Diceratocephalus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period.

Dresbachian
The Dresbachian is a Maentwrogian regional stage of North America, lasting from 501 to 497 million years ago. It is part of the Upper Cambrian and is defined by four trilobite zones. It overlaps with the ICS-stages Guzhangian, Paibian and the lowest Jiangshanian.

The Dresbachian overlies the Middle Cambrian Albertan series, and is the lowest stage of the Upper Cambrian Croixian series, followed by the Franconian stage.  The Dresbachian extinction event, about 502 million years ago, was followed by the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event about 486.85 million years ago.
X&Y (film)
X&Y is a 2018 Swedish drama film directed by Anna Odell. The film had a gala premiere at the Stockholm International Film Festival on 6 November 2018, and was released to theaters on 23 November.

At the 54th Guldbagge Awards, the film received two nominations: Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Jens Albinus) and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Trine Dyrholm).

Trine Dyrholm
Trine Dyrholm (Danish: [ˈtsʰʁiːnə ˈtyˀɐ̯ˌhʌlˀm] born 15 April 1972
) is a Danish actress, singer and songwriter. Dyrholm received national recognition when she placed third in the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix as a 14-year-old singer. Four years later, she again achieved national recognition when she won the Bodil Award for Best Actress in her debut film: the teenage romance Springflod. Dyrholm has won the Bodil Award for Best Actress five times and a Bodil award for Best Supporting Actress twice as well as six Robert Awards in her acting career.
Rydberg matter
Rydberg matter is an exotic phase of matter formed by Rydberg atoms; it was predicted around 1980 by É. A. Manykin, M. I. Ozhovan and P. P. Poluéktov. It has been formed from various elements like caesium, potassium, hydrogen and nitrogen; studies have been conducted on theoretical possibilities like sodium, beryllium, magnesium and calcium. It has been suggested to be a material that diffuse interstellar bands may arise from. Circular Rydberg states, where the outermost electron is found in a planar circular orbit, are the most long-lived, with lifetimes of up to several hours, and are the most common.

Diffuse interstellar bands
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features seen in the spectra of astronomical objects in the Milky Way and other galaxies.  They are caused by the absorption of light by the interstellar medium. Circa 500 bands have now been seen, in ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths.

The origin of most DIBs remains unknown, with common suggestions being polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other large carbon-bearing molecules. Only one DIB carrier has been identified: ionised buckminsterfullerene (C60+), which is responsible for several DIBs in the near-infrared. The carriers of most DIBs remain unidentified.
Yen Han (dancer)
Yen Han (Chinese 韩海燕) is a principal soloist of Ballett Zürich. In addition to her career as a ballerina, she serves as artistic director and choreographer for her own ballet school, theYen Han Dance Center, in Zürich, Switzerland.

Her repertoire consists of leading parts in great ballets from the classical period such as Giselle, La fille mal gardée, La Sylphide, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker, as well as solo parts in ballets from the 20th and 21st centuries, many of which were world premieres.

La Sylphide
La Sylphide (English: The Sylph; Danish: Sylfiden) is a romantic ballet in two acts. There were two versions of the ballet; the original choreographed by Filippo Taglioni in 1832, and a second version choreographed by August Bournonville in 1836. Bournonville's is the only version known to have survived and is one of the world's oldest surviving ballets.
Kang Meas district
Kang Meas (Khmer: ស្រុកកងមាស, lit. 'The Golden Ring') is a district (srok) located in Kampong Cham province, Cambodia. The district capital is Peam Chi Kang town located some 13 kilometres south of the town of Prey Toteung on National Highway 7 and is 110 kilometres by road from Phnom Penh. National road 70 provides access to the district from the highway and meets provincial road 223 at the district capital. This long relatively narrow district parallels the northern bank of the Mekong for about 40 kilometres between Kampong Cham (city) and Mukh Kampul district in Kandal province. As the district is low-lying, much of the land area of the district is inundated when the Mekong rises during the wet season.

Kampong Cham province
Kampong Cham (Khmer: កំពង់ចាម, UNGEGN: Kâmpóng Cham [kɑmpɔŋ caːm]; lit. 'Cham Port') is a province of Cambodia located on the central lowlands of the Mekong River. It borders the provinces of Kampong Chhnang to the west, Kampong Thom and Kratié to the north, Tboung Khmum to the east, and Prey Veng and Kandal to the south. Kampong Cham was officially divided into two provinces on 31 December 2013 in what was seen by many as a political move by the ruling party.  All land west of the Mekong remained Kampong Cham while land east of the river became Tbong Khmum province. Prior to this division, Kampong Cham extended eastward to the international border with Vietnam, was the eleventh largest province in Cambodia, and with a population of 1,680,694, was the most populous province in Cambodia. Its capital and largest city is Kampong Cham.
Infinity (din fiv album)
Infinity is the debut studio album of din fiv, released in 1995 by Sinless Records. The album was re-issued by Metropolis Records on compact disc in June 1996 and again as music downloads in 2009 and 2019.

Metropolis Records
Metropolis Records is a record label that was founded in Philadelphia in 1993, by Dave Heckman. The label's all-electronic format closely tracked with European contemporaries including Off Beat, and since 1995 has been instrumental in promoting and distributing underground electronic music in the U.S.

On June 9, 1999, Metropolis bought the American industrial label, Pendragon Records. It assumed distribution responsibilities for Pendragon's back catalog, as well as that of 21st Circuitry, another industrial label which had gone out of business.
Frigoglass
Frigoglass is a manufacturer in commercial refrigeration and West Africa's leading glass producer.

Frigoglass has operations in many countries across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East including production hubs in Romania, Russia, Greece, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Nigeria, in addition to sales offices in Hungary, Germany, Poland, Norway, Turkey and Kenya. The company's customer base consists of the Coca-Cola Company bottlers (Coca-Cola Hellenic, Coca-Cola European Partners, BIG, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Sabco), brewers (Heineken, SABMiller, Carlsberg, AB InBev, Efes), Pepsi, and dairy companies (Nestle, Danone).

Glass operations consist of two glass plants with three furnaces, two plastic crates production facilities and one metal crown production facility in Nigeria.

The company's stock is 48.55% owned by Truad Verwaltungs AG and trades in the Athens Stock exchange.

Danone
Danone S.A. (French pronunciation: [danɔn]) is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris. It was founded in 1919 in Barcelona, Spain. It is listed on Euronext Paris, where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index. Some of the company's products are branded Dannon in the United States.

As of 2018, Danone sold products in 120 markets, and, in 2018, had sales of €24.65 billion. In the first half of 2018, 29% of sales came from specialized nutritional preparations, 19% came from branded bottled water, and 52% came from dairy and plant-based products (including yoghurt).
Heriaeus zanii
Heriaeus zanii is a species of spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found only in South Africa, where it is known from the provinces Free State, Northern Cape, and Western Cape. It is commonly known as Zani's hairy crab spider.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
2020 Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie
The 2020 Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie was the 43rd season of the German endurance series (formerly VLN) run at the Nürburgring Nordschleife, and first run as the Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie (NLS). The season began on 27 June and ended prematurely on 29 August.

The drivers championship was won by Philipp Leisen, Christopher Rink and Danny Brink, driving a BMW 325i for Adrenalin Motorsport.

Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie
The Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie (NLS) is an organisation of motorsport clubs of which each hosts one event of a nine-race (eight in 2024) series held on the Nürburgring Nordschleife.

Participants of NLS races range from amateurs in small road legal cars with rollcages and harnesses to professional factory teams racing Group GT3 cars. The NLS series is closely associated with the Nürburgring 24 Hours, as for the most part it has similar rules, and mainly the same participants. In the calendar, several weeks around the 24h date in May/June are taken off to allow teams to prepare for the 24h, and to fix their cars afterwards. However, the 24h is no longer a part of the championship.

The championship is known for its large quantity of cars as well as its variety, with an average of 113 cars starting per race in 2023.
4-Aminophenol
4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4OH.   It is  a metabolite of acetaminophen which the body converts to N-arachidonoylphenolamine and this compound is responsible for all or part of acetaminophen's analgesic action and anticonvulsant effects..

Commercially available as a white powder, it is commonly used as a developer for black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.

Reflecting its slightly hydrophilic character, the white powder is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized from hot water. In the presence of a base, it oxidizes readily. The methylated derivatives N-methylaminophenol and N,N-dimethylaminophenol are of commercial value.

The compound is one of three isomeric aminophenols, the other two being 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Metropolis of Halych
The Metropolis of Halych was a metropolis of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church. It was erected on the territory of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia in 1303 by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople. The episcopal seat of the metropolis was in the city of Halych in the "Cathedral of the Assumption".

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".