hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Furqlus
Furqlus (Turkish: Fırıklus, Arabic: ٱلْفَرْقَلُس, romanized: al-Farqalus, Furglus or Furklus) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, east of the city of Homs. Situated at the eastern approaches of the Syrian Desert, the town is located between al-Qaryatayn to the south, Sadad to the southwest, Shinshar to the west, Fatim al-Amuq and al-Sayyid to the northwest, al-Mukharram to the north and Palmyra to the east. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Furqlus had a population of 5,096 in the 2004 census.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
2004 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2004 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as 2004 Ford World Men's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held at the Gavlerinken in Gävle, Sweden from April 17–25, 2004.

The tournament was held in conjunction with the 2004 World Women's Curling Championship and the 2004 World Senior Curling Championships.

Ford Motor Company of Canada
Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited (French: Ford du Canada Limitée) was founded on August 17, 1904, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling Ford cars in Canada. It was originally known as the Walkerville Wagon Works and was located in Walkerville, Ontario (now part of Windsor, Ontario). The founder, Gordon Morton McGregor, convinced a group of investors to invest in Henry Ford's new automobile, which was being produced across the river in Detroit, Michigan.

The firm manufactures and sells cars in Canada, and also in the United States and other countries around the world.
Nia Reed
Nia Kai Reed (born June 27, 1996) is an American professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite hitter for the United States women's national volleyball team and for the Omaha Supernovas of the Pro Volleyball Federation.

Pro Volleyball Federation
The Pro Volleyball Federation (PVF) was the original incarnation of Major League Volleyball (MLV), a women's professional indoor volleyball league in the United States. The PVF was announced on November 17, 2022, and began play in 2024.
St. Martin's Chapel, Furtwangen
St. Martin’s Chapel (German: Martinskapelle) stands at an elevation of 1,085 metres above sea level (NHN) at the upper end of the Katzensteig valley on the territory of Furtwangen just above the source of the Danube. It is also not far from the source of the River Elz and thus the main European watershed between the Rhine and the Danube. The West Way, a major hiking trail in the Black Forest runs past the chapel as does the long-distance ski trail from Schonach to Belchen.

Elz (Rhine)
The Elz (German: [ˈɛlts] ⓘ) is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. It rises in the Black Forest, near the source of the Breg. The Elz flows through Elzach, Waldkirch and Emmendingen before reaching the Rhine near Lahr. Its length is approx. 121 km (75 mi).

The lower reaches of the Elz are by-passed by the Leopold Canal, a flood relief canal.
Hodge Hill Girls' School
Hodge Hill Girls' School is a secondary school located in the Hodge Hill area of Birmingham, in the West Midlands of England.

Formerly a grammar school, today it is a non-selective community school administered by Birmingham City Council. Hodge Hill Girls' School offers GCSEs and ASDAN awards as programmes of study for pupils.

ASDAN
ASDAN (Award Scheme Development and Accreditation Network) is a UK education charity and awarding organisation based in Bristol. It develops and accredits programmes and qualifications aimed at supporting learners in developing personal, social, and employability skills. Its work focuses particularly on those who face barriers to learning in traditional educational settings.
Ulansuhai Nur
Ulansuhai Nur  or Wuliangsuhai (Chinese: 乌梁素海; pinyin: Wūliángsù Hǎi) is a freshwater lake in located in southwest Inner Mongolia, North China, on the north (left) bank of Yellow River's Ordos Loop. The lake has an area of 233 km2 (90 sq mi), a north–south length of 35.4 km (22.0 mi) and mean east–west width of 6.6 km (4.1 mi) (max 12.7 km or 7.9 mi), with a drainage area of 11,800 km2 (4,600 sq mi) at an elevation of 1,018.79 m (3,342.5 ft).

Ulansuhai Nur is a rare big multi-functional lake in the desolate and drought-stricken grassland. It has 150 km2 (58 sq mi) of bulrush square kilometers with nearly 200 species of birds and over 20 species of fish.

North China
North China (Chinese: 华北) is a geographical region of the People's Republic of China, consisting of five provincial-level administrative divisions, namely the direct-administered municipalities Beijing and Tianjin, the provinces Hebei and Shanxi, and the autonomous region Inner Mongolia (although the four prefectures east of the Greater Khingan Range are sometimes regarded as parts of Northeast China).

Part of the larger region of Northern China (Beifang), it lies north of the Qinling–Huaihe Line, with its heartland in the North China Plain. Most inhabitants here speak variants of Northern Chinese languages such as Mandarin, which includes the  Beijing dialect and its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis of Standard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin), the official language of the People's Republic of China. Jin Chinese and Mongolian are also widely spoken due to the political and cultural history of the area.
Alois Purgathofer
Alois Purgathofer (18 February 1925 – 13 March 1984), was an Austrian astronomer at the Vienna Observatory from 1954 to 1984. He mainly worked on the photometry of galactic star clusters, but also on the asteroid 51 Nemausa. In 1969 the Leopold Figl observatory was built on the Mitterschöpfl mountain under his technical and astronomical advice, containing a 1.5 m Ritchey–Chrétien telescope. His knowledge of astronomical instruments was legendary, especially of optical and electronic devices and of image converters. He died unexpectedly on 13 March 1984 during a business trip to the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain.

In his honour Rudolf Pressberger named his self built observatory in Klosterneuburg-Kierling “Purgathofer-Sternwarte”, and also the asteroid 5341 was named “Purgathofer”.

Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
A Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized variant of the Cassegrain telescope that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed to eliminate off-axis optical errors (coma). The RCT has a wider field of view free of optical errors compared to a more traditional reflecting telescope configuration. Since the mid 20th century, a majority of large professional research telescopes have been Ritchey–Chrétien configurations; some well-known examples are the Hubble Space Telescope, the Keck telescopes and the ESO Very Large Telescope.
Mudazumo Naki Kaikaku
Mudazumo Naki Kaikaku (ムダヅモ無き改革, Reform with No Wasted Draws; also known in English by its initial subtitle The Legend of Koizumi) is a Japanese satirical mahjong manga series by Hideki Ohwada. It was initially irregularly serialized in the Kindai Mahjong Original manga magazine published by Takeshobo, then switched to bimonthly serialization on Takeshobo's other mahjong manga magazine Kindai Mahjong in April 2009. An anime adaptation was released on February 26, 2010, as an original video anime.

The premise of the manga is that international diplomacy is settled on the mahjong table, with real-life politicians depicted as masters of mahjong. The Japanese title is a parody of Junichiro Koizumi's slogan, "Reform with No Sanctuary" (聖域無き改革, Seiiki Naki Kaikaku).

In June 2025, Mahjong Pros opened a publishing imprint and announced that they had licensed the series for English publication beginning in Q4 2025.

Fourth Reich
The Fourth Reich (German: Viertes Reich) is the hypothetical successor to Nazi Germany, also known as the "Third Reich" (1933–1945). The term is used to describe the regime's possible survival (e.g. in South America) or its resurgence as envisioned by Neo-Nazis.

The term has also been used pejoratively by leftist commentators in the United States to describe the rise of right-wing populism and by Eurosceptics to decry Germany's influence on the European Union.
2020 SANFL Grand Final
The 2020 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) grand final was an Australian rules football match played at the Adelaide Oval on Sunday, 18 October to determine the premiers for the 2020 SANFL season.

The match was contested by North Adelaide and Woodville-West Torrens in the first grand final meeting between the two teams, although North Adelaide did play West Torrens in the 1949 SANFL Grand Final.

Woodville-West Torrens won the grand final, defeating North Adelaide by 39 points, and claiming their fourth premiership and their first since 2011. Woodville-West Torrens midfielder Jordan Foote was awarded the Jack Oatey Medal as the best player on the ground.

2020 SANFL season
The 2020 South Australian National Football League season (officially the SANFL Statewide Super League) was the 141st season of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), the highest-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.
The season was originally scheduled to run from April 2020 until September 2020; however its commencement was delayed to June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of clubs participating in the season was reduced to eight, as Adelaide and Port Adelaide were barred from fielding their reserves teams by the Australian Football League.
Jim Kenyon
Jim Kenyon is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Porter Creek North in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 2002 to 2011. He is a member of the Yukon Party.

Kenyon was a candidate for the leadership of the Yukon Party in 2011, following the resignation of Dennis Fentie, but lost to Darrell Pasloski.

Yukon Legislative Assembly
The Yukon Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative du Yukon) is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. Unique among Canada's three territories, the Yukon Legislative Assembly is the only territorial legislature which is organized along political party lines. In contrast, in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, their legislative assemblies are elected on a non-partisan basis and operate on a consensus government model.

Each member represents one electoral district, elected through first-past-the-post voting. Members of the Legislative Assembly are sworn in by the commissioner of Yukon.
Vaxis – Act II: A Window of the Waking Mind
Vaxis – Act II: A Window of the Waking Mind is the tenth studio album by American progressive rock band Coheed and Cambria. The album, like most of the studio albums from the band, is a concept album that continues the Amory Wars storyline. It was released on June 24, 2022.

Zakk Cervini
Zachary Joseph Cervini (born June 2, 1993) is an American record producer, vocal producer, songwriter, and mixing engineer. Cervini's work includes collaborations with Simple Plan, Limp Bizkit, Blink-182, Parkway Drive, All Time Low, Machine Gun Kelly, Yungblud, Bring Me the Horizon, 5 Seconds of Summer, Avicii, Halsey, Good Charlotte, Three Days Grace, Grimes, Bishop Briggs, Poppy, Bad Omens, Architects, Waterparks, and Sleeping with Sirens. His work on Blink-182's California landed him his first Grammy Nomination for Best Rock Album in the 59th Annual Grammy Awards.
A. J. Christoff
Andrew James Christoff (born November 18, 1948) is an American football coach. He was defensive coordinator for 18 seasons at six schools—Idaho, Oregon, Stanford, Notre Dame, Colorado and Cincinnati.

From Ritzville, Washington, Christoff graduated from Ritzville High School in 1963, and was recruited to play at Idaho under head coach Dee Andros. He received a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Idaho in 1967 and a completed master's degree at Oregon State University in 1970.

University of Idaho
The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public land-grant research university in Moscow, Idaho, United States. Established 137 years ago in 1889 and opened three years later, it was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963.

The university comprises ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. It enrolls approximately 12,000 students across its campuses, with 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university is classified among "Research 1: Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the rural Palouse, the university is represented in intercollegiate athletics by the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I, primarily in the Big Sky Conference. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the U of I has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls; it also operates a research park in Post Falls, and dozens of extension offices statewide.
Todd Whitting
Todd Ross Whitting (born June 13, 1972) is an American college baseball coach and former player who currently serves as the head coach of the Houston Cougars baseball team.  Prior to his current position, Whitting served as associate head coach for the TCU Horned Frogs under Jim Schlossnagle, where the team made their first College World Series appearance.

Whitting spent all but one of the first 12 years of his adult life at Houston as a player or coach.  From 1991 to 1995 (except for 1993, which was spent at Navarro College), he played second base under Bragg Stockton and Rayner Noble.  He graduated from Houston with a degree in kinesiology.  He served as an assistant at Houston under Noble until 2003, when he left for TCU.

Kinesiology
Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek  κίνησις (kínēsis) 'movement' and  -λογία -logía 'study of') is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, pathological, neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement. Applications of kinesiology to human health include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; motor control; skill acquisition and motor learning; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise physiology. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques.
Hypochondriac (Brakence album)
Hypochondriac is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter and rapper Brakence, released on December 2, 2022 through Sony Music and Columbia Records. The release was supported by five singles, a headline tour across America and a second leg tour with support from Gabby Start. The album has been described as hyperpop, and contains elements of emo rap, emo pop, and Midwest emo. Heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown, the album discusses depersonalisation and disconnection from others online.

The album also explores themes of drug use, social media, art in the age of content, relationships, mental health and hookups, are also prevalent throughout. Hypochondriac was promoted with the Hypochondriac Tour beginning in November 2022. The album's production was handled by Brakence himself and Wyatt Otis. Commercially, Hypochondriac peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums. The album's compact disc (CD) would release in December 2023.

Emo pop
Emo pop (alternatively typeset with a hyphen, also known as emo pop-punk and pop-emo) is a fusion genre combining emo with pop-punk, pop music, or both. Emo pop features a musical style with more concise composition and hook-filled choruses. Emo pop has its origins in the 1990s with bands like Jimmy Eat World, the Get Up Kids, Weezer and the Promise Ring. The genre entered the mainstream in the early 2000s with Jimmy Eat World's breakthrough album Bleed American, which included its song "The Middle". Other emo pop bands that achieved mainstream success throughout the decade included Fall Out Boy, the All-American Rejects, My Chemical Romance, Panic! at the Disco and Paramore. The popularity of emo pop declined in the 2010s, with some prominent artists in the genre either disbanding or abandoning the emo pop style.
Extremism in America
Extremism in America is the title of the following publications:

Extremism in America (Anti-Defamation League), an encyclopedic online resource by the Anti-Defamation League.

Extremism in America, a book edited by George Michael.

Extremism in America: A Reader, a book by Lyman Tower Sargent.

Extremism in America: A Reader
Extremism in America: A Reader is a book edited by Lyman Tower Sargent (a professor of political science). It is an anthology presenting various political, economic and social ideas, creeds and platforms of people and groups which Sargent labels left-wing or right-wing American extremists as displayed in his selection of their documents.

It was published by New York University Press in 1995 as a 385-page hardcover (ISBN 0-8147-7978-6) and paperback (ISBN 0-8147-8011-3).

Extremism in America received a generally positive reception, garnering reviews from the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, and The Times Literary Supplement.
Stubton
Stubton is a small village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish (including Fenton) at the 2011 census was 295.  The village is situated 8 miles (13 km) north from Grantham and 5 miles (8 km) south-east from Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire. Adjacent villages include Claypole, Dry Doddington, Beckingham and Brandon.

The parish church is a Grade II* listed building dedicated to Saint Martin, built in 1799, with a chancel added in 1869.

Stubton Hall is a large Grade II listed country house, built in 1813-14 by Sir Jeffry Wyatville for Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet. In 1918 it was purchased by Sir Edmund Royds. After his death in 1946 it was purchased by Lincolnshire County Council, and from 1952 to 2003 it was used as a boarding school, and is now a hotel and wedding venue.

Jeffry Wyatville
Sir Jeffry Wyatville RA (3 August 1766 – 18 February 1840) was an English architect and garden designer. Born Jeffry Wyatt into an established dynasty of architects, in 1824 he was allowed by King George IV to change his surname to Wyatville (frequently misspelled Wyattville). He is mainly remembered for making alterations and extensions to Chatsworth House and Windsor Castle.
Rosemary Francis
Rosemary Francis FREng is a British engineer and technologist. She is best known for her work in the field of supercomputers and is CTO at CommonAI Compute, a cloud computing startup founded by Sir Andy Hopper. Francis obtained her PhD in computer architecture, while studying at the University of Cambridge. Following her education, Francis co-founded Ellexus to build tools for managing complex tools chains required during the design of semiconductors. In 2020, the startup she founded was acquired by US-based Altair Engineering for an undisclosed sum. Following the acquisition, Francis became Chief Scientist at the tech engineering firm.

She is a member of Raspberry Pi Foundation, and became a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow in 2023.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Wood River (Oregon)
The Wood River is a short river in the southern region of the U.S. state of Oregon, and part of the Klamath Basin drainage. It flows 18 miles (29 km) through the Fremont-Winema National Forests, Bureau of Land Management land, and private property in southern Oregon. Its watershed consists of 220 square miles (570 km2) of conifer forest, rural pasture land, and marsh. The river provides habitat for many species of wildlife including an adfluvial (migratory) and resident populations of native Great Basin redband trout.

Southern Oregon
Southern Oregon is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon south of Lane County and generally west of the Cascade Range, excluding the southern Oregon Coast. Counties include Douglas, Jackson, Klamath, and Josephine. It includes the Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area, which consists of the Umpqua and Rogue River drainages. As of 2015, the population in the four counties is about 471,000, and in the greater, seven-county definition, it is about 564,000.
Truncated Newton method
The truncated Newton method, originated in a paper by Ron Dembo and Trond Steihaug, also known as Hessian-free optimization, are a family of optimization algorithms designed for optimizing non-linear functions with large numbers of independent variables. A truncated Newton method consists of repeated application of an iterative optimization algorithm to approximately solve Newton's equations, to determine an update to the function's parameters. The inner solver is truncated, i.e., run for only a limited number of iterations. It follows that, for truncated Newton methods to work, the inner solver needs to produce a good approximation in a finite number of iterations; conjugate gradient has been suggested and evaluated as a candidate inner loop. Another prerequisite is good preconditioning for the inner algorithm.

Preconditioner
In mathematics, preconditioning is the application of a transformation, called the preconditioner,  that conditions a given problem into a form that is more suitable for numerical solving methods. Preconditioning is typically related to reducing a condition number of the problem. The preconditioned problem is then usually solved by an iterative method.
Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 海北藏族自治州; Tibetan: མཚོ་བྱང་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: mtsho-byang bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul, Tib.pin.: cojang poirig ranggyong kü) is an autonomous prefecture of northeastern Qinghai Province, China. The prefecture has an area of 39,354 square kilometres (15,195 sq mi) and its seat is Haiyan County. Its name literally means "north of Qinghai Lake." This Tibetan culture area was incorporated into Qinghai province in the early 1950s, as it lies distant from the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous prefectures (Chinese: 自治州; pinyin: zìzhìzhōu) are one type of autonomous administrative division in China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being, most commonly, the historic home of significant minorities. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most significant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, a prefecture with a large number of Kazakhs (Kazak in official naming system) may be called a Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided into county level divisions. There is one exception: Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture contains two prefectures of its own. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.