hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1880s
The 1880s (pronounced "eighteen-eighties") was the decade that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.

The period was characterized in general by economic growth and prosperity in many parts of the world, especially Europe and the Americas, with the emergence of modern cities signified by the foundation of many long-lived corporations, franchises, and brands and the introduction of the skyscraper. The decade was a part of the Gilded Age (1874–1907) in the United States, the Victorian Era in the British Empire and the Belle Époque in France. It also occurred at the height of the Second Industrial Revolution and saw numerous developments in science and a sudden proliferation of electrical technologies, particularly in mass transit and telecommunications.

The last living person from this decade, María Capovilla, died in 2006.

Decade
A decade (from Ancient Greek: δεκάς, dekas, lit. 'group of 10') is a period of 10 years. It may also be called a decennium (from Latin: decennium, lit. 'ten-year'). Decades may describe any ten-year period, such as those of a person's life, or refer to specific groupings of calendar years.
Frederick Lovejoy Wellman
Frederick Lovejoy Wellman (b.1897 Kamundongo, Portuguese West Africa, d. 21 April 1994 Raleigh, North Carolina) was an American phytopathologist who worked mainly on diseases of coffee but also on the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, the pathogen which causes Panama disease in bananas.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Bible-Presbyterian Church (Singapore)
The Bible-Presbyterian Church ("BPC") was a conservative reformed denomination in Singapore. It existed from 1955 to 1988, following the history of the country, as the Bible-Presbyterian Church of Malaya, then the Bible-Presbyterian Church of Singapore and Malaysia, and finally the Bible Presbyterian Church of Singapore ("BPCOS") (with the then eight Malaysian BP churches in 1985 to register themselves in Malaysia thereafter) before the BPCOS dissolved in 1988. Since that time, Bible-Presbyterian ("B-P" or "BP") churches in Singapore have continued to exist separately. The B-P movement grew out of the Bible Presbyterian Church in the United States. As of 2009, there were 20,000 members in 32 B–P churches in Singapore.  The number of B-P churches in Singapore grew to forty-three in 2020/21 but stands at forty as of 2024

BPC was noted for a belief in literal six-day creation and a preference for the King James Version ("KJV").

John Sung
John Sung Shang Chieh (Chinese: 宋尙節, 27 September 1901 – 18 August 1944) also John Sung, was a renowned Chinese Christian evangelist who played an instrumental role in the revival movement among the Chinese in mainland China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia during the 1920s and 1930s.
Labour Day Parade (Toronto)
The Toronto Labour Day Parade is an annual event held in the city of Toronto. The parade is organized by the Toronto and York District Labour Council following a route down University Avenue, then west along Queen Street West then  proceeding down Dufferin Street entering the Canadian National Exhibition via the Dufferin Gate.

The first parade was held in December 1872 and was organized by what was then the Toronto Trades and Labour Assembly and staged in support of the Toronto Typographical Union's strike for a 58-hour work-week.  Twenty-seven unions joined the parade to demonstrate in support of the Typographical Union who had been on strike since March 25. The Toronto Trades and Labour Council (successor to the TTA) subsequently held similar celebrations every spring. On July 23, 1894, Canadian Prime Minister John Thompson's government made Labour Day an official holiday, moving it to the first Monday of September. Subsequent parades have been held on this date.

Queen Street (Toronto)
Queen Street is a major east–west thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Roncesvalles Avenue and King Street in the west to Victoria Park Avenue in the east. Queen Street was the cartographic baseline for the original east–west avenues of Toronto's and York County's grid pattern of major roads. The western section of Queen (sometimes simply referred to as "Queen West") is a centre for Canadian broadcasting, music, fashion, performance, and the visual arts.
BAP Angamos
BAP Angamos (SS-31) is one of two Type 209/1200 submarines ordered by the Peruvian Navy on August 12, 1976. She was built by the German shipbuilder Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft AG at its shipyard in Kiel. She was originally named Casma after a battle which took place between naval forces of Peru and Chile on January 12, 1839. Following sea trials in the North Sea, she arrived to its homeport of Callao in 1981. After a major overhaul by Servicio Industrial de la Marina at Callao SIMA in 1998, she was renamed Angamos after the battle of the same name which took place on October 8, 1879.

Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (often abbreviated HDW) was a German shipbuilding company, headquartered in Kiel. It is now part of TKMS (ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems). The Howaldtswerke shipyard was founded in Kiel in 1838 and merged with Hamburg-based Deutsche Werft to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in 1968. The company's shipyard was formerly used by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft until the end of World War II.
USS Kanawha
Six ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Kanawha and one has been named USS Kanawha II:

USS Kanawha (1861), a steamer that served from 1862 to 1865

USS Kanawha (1896), a steamer that served in 1898 and was transferred to the U.S. Department of War in 1899

USS Kanawha (AO-1), a replenishment oiler commissioned in 1915 and sunk 8 April 1943

USS Kanawha (SP-169) was purchased by the U.S. Navy in 1917 for use as a patrol vessel, but was found defective during fitting out and returned to her owner.

USS Kanawha II (SP-130), an armed yacht that served in the U.S. Navy from 1917 to 1919 and was renamed USS Piqua (SP-130) in 1918

USS Kanawha (AOG-31), a gasoline tanker that served from 1944 to 1946

USNS Kanawha (T-AO-196), is a fleet oiler in service with the U.S. Military Sealift Command since 1991

USNS Kanawha
USNS Kanawha (T-AO-196) is a Henry J. Kaiser-class fleet replenishment oiler of the United States Navy in non-commissioned service in the Military Sealift Command.

USNS Kanawha, the tenth Henry J. Kaiser-class ship, was laid down by the Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 13 July 1989. She was launched on 22 September 1990 and delivered to the U.S. Navy and placed in non-commissioned service with the Military Sealift Command on 6 December 1991.

Kanawha is in active service with the Military Sealift Command Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force and is assigned to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet.
Olga Timofeeva
Olga Victorovna Timofeeva (Russian: Ольга Викторовна Тимофеева; born 19 August 1977) is a deputy for the United Russia party in the 7th State Duma of the Russian Federation and a former journalist. 
She is Deputy chairman of the State Duma since 9 October 2017, and represents the Stavropol territory. Previously, she was head of the Ecology and Environmental Protection Committee.

Deputy State Duma convocation VI and convocation VII, a member of the All-Russia People's Front.

Chairman of the Committee state Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on ecology and environmental protection from 5 October 2016 to 9 October 2017. Deputy city Duma Stavropol from 12 October 2008 to 22 May 2012.

Stavropol
Stavropol (Russian: Ставрополь, IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943, is a city that is the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, and it is one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
Bruce Bickford (politician)
Bruce A. Bickford (born October 11, 1955) is an American politician from Maine. A Republican from Auburn, Bickford currently serves in the Maine Senate for the 20th district Bickford formerly in the Maine House of Representatives. He was elected in 2008, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020. As of 2021, he is a member of the Taxation Committee as well as the Joint Select Committee on Marijuana Legalization Implementation.

In March 2021, Bickford jokingly referred to convicted rapist Harvey Weinstein during legislative hearings via his Zoom background. It was announced that he would be investigated by the Maine House of Representatives' human resources department.

Bickford graduated from Edward Little High School in 1973. He has worked as a restaurant manager, realtor, and other small businesses.

Auburn, Maine
Auburn is a city in south-central Maine, within the United States. Settled in the foothills of the Western Lakes and Mountains region of the state, the city serves as the county seat of Androscoggin County. The population was 24,061 at the 2020 census. Auburn and its sister city Lewiston are known locally as the Twin Cities or Lewiston–Auburn (L–A).
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Bhogaon
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya known as JNV are Indian schools for talented children and form a part of the system of gifted education. Its target group are talented rural children, aiming to provide them with an education comparable to the best in a residential school system, without regard to their family's Social economy condition.

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya is a fully residential, co-educational school affiliated to the CBSE, New Delhi and has classes from VI to XII standard. The Vidyalaya is run by Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti, New Delhi, an autonomous organization under the Department of Education and Literacy, Ministry of HRD., government of India.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Sabita Dangol
Sabita Dangol (born 1984) is a Nepalese visual artist based in Kathmandu. Her artworks span painting, installation art, and performance art.  She is the associated artist at the Taragoan Museum. She has participated in art events nationally and internationally since 2007.

Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy
Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, known as Shilpakala Academy, is the principal state-sponsored national cultural centre of Bangladesh. It is an academy of fine and performing arts, established on 19 February 1974 under the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Act. The Academy has branches in all 64 districts of Bangladesh to promote cultural activities and foster artistic development at the regional level.
Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson
Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson, billed as Lewis–Tyson: Is On, was a heavyweight professional boxing match that took place on June 8, 2002, at the Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee. The defending unified WBC, IBF, IBO, and The Ring champion Lennox Lewis defeated former undisputed heavyweight champion Mike Tyson by knockout in the eighth round. Prior to the event, Lewis was awarded The Ring magazine heavyweight title, which had been vacant since the late 1980s and was last held by Tyson.

International Boxing Organization
The International Boxing Organization (IBO) is a US based corporation that sanctions professional boxing matches and awards world and regional championships.

It is an independent organization not recognized by the "big four" governing bodies (WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO), who only recognize each other in their rankings and title unification rules. Despite this, as of 2023, IBO titles have been unified with titles of the other bodies in several weight divisions.
The WBC website highlights the importance of title recognition and the implications of multiple governing bodies in boxing. While the IBO operates independently, its titles being unified with the WBA, IBF, and WBO in certain divisions demonstrates how these organizations work together despite initial rivalries.
Tales of Wonder (album)
Tales of Wonder is the eighth album by the Christian rock band White Heart and the band's first with Jon Knox as drummer. Chris McHugh played all drum tracks (except "Vendetta") although Knox was the official drummer for the tour. It is their second album on Star Song Records released in 1992. The album is produced by White Heart founders Mark Gersmehl and Billy Smiley with Brown Bannister as a production consultant and who previously worked with them on their 1989 album Freedom. Every track on Tales of Wonder charted on both Christian Rock and Radio (AC/CHR) charts, except "Morningstar" and "Gabriella." A full-length track of "Morningstar" is heard on their 1994 compilation Nothing But the Best: Radio Classics. The album peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart. White Heart earned their second Grammy nomination, their first since 1984, for Best Rock Gospel Album for Tales of Wonder at the 35th Grammy Awards.

Star Song Communications
Star Song Communications is a Christian record label that was started in 1976 by Wayne Donowho, who recruited his friend Darrell Harris. It gained notoriety when it issued Resurrection Band's ground breaking debut album, Awaiting Your Reply in 1978. Originally, a distribution deal was made with Benson Records.

From 1983 until 1986, distribution was done by Word Records. After that, a deal was made with Sparrow Records. Independent distribution was started in 1989, and picked up distribution for ForeFront records and DC Talk in 1991. This distribution was maintained until the sale of the company to EMI, and the launch of Chordant Distribution in 1994.

Pure Metal Records was acquired from Refuge Records in 1990.

In 1998, it was announced that Star Song would only be used to issue reprints, and their artists would be transferred to Sparrow.
PTPRCAP
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C-associated protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRCAP gene.

The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a transmembrane phosphoprotein specifically associated with tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC/CD45, a key regulator of T- and B-lymphocyte activation. The interaction with PTPRC may be required for the stable expression of this protein.

Phosphoprotein
A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group. The target amino acid is most often serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues (mostly in eukaryotes), or aspartic acid or histidine residues (mostly in prokaryotes).
Ernst Severa
Ernst Severa (21 September 1934 – 3 August 2019) was an Austrian who competed in the four man kayak and who competed in the mid-1960s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's K-4 1000 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme on Lake Sagami, Japan. This event debuted at these games and is only one of two events that has been at every ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships (the other is the women's K-2 500 m event which made its Olympic debut at the previous Games in Rome).

The preliminary heats were held on 20 October 1964; 15 crews entered and were split into two heats of 8 and 7 fours.  The top three placers in each heat advanced to the semifinal, while the remaining eight crews (1 had withdrawn without starting in the heats) had to compete in repechage heats held the same day.  There were two repechage heats and three crews to advance from each, resulting in two boats being eliminated in the repechages.  Three semifinals, each with four crews, were held, with the top three in each heat to advance to the final and three more teams eliminated. The final was held on 22 October.
Internet security
Internet security is a branch of computer security focused on the Internet. It includes browser security, web application security, and network security as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to improve Internet safety and Internet privacy, including to protect against cyberattacks and cybercrime. The Internet is an inherently insecure channel for information exchange, with risk of intrusion and Internet fraud, including phishing, viruses, trojans, ransomware and worms.

Many countermeasures are used to combat Internet security threats and web threats, including encryption and ground-up engineering.

Secure channel
In cryptography, a secure channel is a means of data transmission that is resistant to overhearing and tampering. A confidential channel is a means of data transmission that is resistant to overhearing, or eavesdropping (e.g., reading the content), but not necessarily resistant to tampering (i.e., manipulating the content). An authentic channel is a means of data transmission that is resistant to tampering but not necessarily resistant to overhearing.

In contrast to a secure channel, an insecure channel is unencrypted and may be subject to eavesdropping and tampering. Secure communications are possible over an insecure channel if the content to be communicated is encrypted prior to transmission.
Lesser Poland dialect group
The Lesser Polish dialect group (Polish: dialekt małopolski) is a  of dialect group of the Polish language used in Lesser Poland. The exact area is difficult to delineate due to the expansion of its features and the existence of transitional subdialects.

The common traits of the Lesser Polish dialect include:

mazurzenie

regressive voicing of obstruents, including across word boundaries; e.g.: kot leci [kɔd ˈlɛt͡ɕi] (standard Polish: [kɔt ˈlɛt͡ɕi])

differentiated nasalisation (or lack thereof) of /ɔ̃/ and /ɛ̃/ in different parts of the area

merger of stop+fricative consonant clusters into affricates; e.g.: trzysta [ˈt͡ʂɨsta] (standard Polish: [ˈtʂɨsta] or [ˈt͡ʂʂɨsta])

frequent usage of initial syllable stress, also oxytonic stress in vocative case (as opposed to paroxytonic stress common in other varieties of Polish)

frequent usage of grammatical particle "że" in imperative mood ("weźże" vs. "weź" – take)

Paroxytone
In linguistics, a paroxytone (Ancient Greek: παροξύτονος, paroxýtonos) is a word with either stress (in stress-based languages) or a high accent (in languages with a pitch accent) on the penultimate syllable (that is, the second-to-last syllable).: 121  An example of this in English is the word potato. It contrasts with proparoxytone (on the antepenultimate — third-to-last — syllable), and oxytone (on the ultimate — last — syllable).

In English, most words ending in -ic are paroxytones: músic, frántic, and phonétic but not rhétoric, aríthmetic (noun), and Árabic.

In Italian and Portuguese as well as Spanish, most words are paroxytones. In Polish, almost all multisyllabic words are paroxytones except for certain verb conjugations and a few words of foreign origin.

In medieval Latin lyric poetry, a paroxytonic line or half-line is one in which the penultimate syllable is stressed, as in the second half of the verse "Estuans intrinsecus || ira vehementi."
1975 Little Mo Classic
The 1975 Little Mo Classic was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Omni Coliseum in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States. The event was part of the 1975 Women's International Grand Prixs. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from September 15 through September 21, 1975. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $15,000 first-prize money. The tournament was named after Maureen Connolly and held to benefit the tennis foundation in her name.

Maureen Connolly
Maureen Catherine Connolly-Brinker (née Connolly; September 17, 1934 – June 21, 1969), known as "Little Mo", was an American tennis player, the winner of nine major singles titles in the early 1950s. In 1953, she became the first woman to win a Grand Slam (all four major tournaments during the same calendar year). She is also the only player in history to win a title without losing a set at all four major championships. The following year, in July 1954, a horseback riding accident seriously injured her right leg and ended her competitive tennis career at age 19. She died of ovarian cancer at the age of 34.
Yuf
Yuf was an Ancient Egyptian priest and official who is known from a stela found in Edfu, and now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (inv.no. CG 34009, JdE 27091). He lived at the beginning of the 18th Dynasty. On his stela he reports that  queen Ahhotep, the mother of pharaoh Ahmose I, appointed him as the second prophet of the dues (S'w) of the altar, as the door-keeper of the temple, and as a priest. He also served a number of royal women. He then reports that he was responsible for repairing the disturbed tomb of Queen Sobekemsaf of the 17th Dynasty, and eventually served Queen Ahmose, wife of king Thutmose I. Yuf recorded that Queen Ahmose appointed him as scribe of the god's sealer and entrusted him with the service to a statue of her majesty.

Ahmose I
Ahmose I (Amosis, Aahmes; meaning "Iah (the Moon) is born") was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th century BC at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age.

During his rule, Ahmose completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos, restored Theban rule over Lower- and Upper Egypt, and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and Canaan. He then reorganized the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began massive construction projects of a type that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the construction of the last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers. Ahmose's reign laid the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power reached its peak.
Filo
Filo, phyllo or yufka is a very thin unleavened dough used for making pastries such as baklava and börek in Turkish and Balkan cuisines. Filo-based pastries are made by layering many sheets of filo brushed with oil or butter; the pastry is then baked.

Leavening agent
In cooking, a leavening agent (/ˈlɛvənɪŋ/) or raising agent, also called a leaven (/ˈlɛvən/) or leavener, is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens the mixture. An alternative or supplement to leavening agents is mechanical action by which air is incorporated (i.e. kneading). Leavening agents can be biological or synthetic chemical compounds. The gas produced is often carbon dioxide, or occasionally hydrogen.

When a dough or batter is mixed, the starch in the flour and the water in the dough form a matrix (often supported further by proteins like gluten or polysaccharides, such as pentosans or xanthan gum). The starch then gelatinizes and sets, leaving gas bubbles that remain.