hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced incandescence
Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is an in situ method of measuring aerosol particle volume fraction, primary particle sizes, and other thermophysical properties in flames, during gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis, and in aerosol streams more broadly. The technique is prominently used to characterize soot.

The technique can broadly be separated into applications involving continuous or pulsed laser sources, with the former implemented in the Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) and the latter used in time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TiRe-LII) analyses.

Soot
Soot (/sʊt/ suut) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke classified as cokes or char. It can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals like mercury.

Soot causes various types of cancer and lung disease.
Zaluzhzhia, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Zaluzhzhia (Ukrainian: Залужжя) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the abolition of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets Raion
Kremenets Raion (Ukrainian: Кременецький район) is a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets. Population: 140,063 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Kremenets Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Lanivtsi and Shumsk Raions, as well as a part of one more abolished raion, Zbarazh Raion, and the city of Kremenets, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Kremenets Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,884 (2020 est.).
Rancho San Marcos
Rancho San Marcos was a 35,573-acre (143.96 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Nicolas A. Den and Richard S. Den.  The grant in the Santa Ynez Valley extended between the San Rafael Mountains and the Santa Ynez River.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
George Harris (cricketer, born 1880)
George Woodrouffe Harris (6 August 1880 – 10 July 1954) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Vincent Dormer Harris, he was born at Chelsea in August 1880. He was educated at Uppingham School, before matriculating to Caius College, Cambridge. In his final year at Uppingham, Harris made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Surrey at The Oval in the 1899 County Championship. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed in Hampshire's first innings for 10 runs by Ernest Nice, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Tom Hayward. After graduating from Cambridge, Harris was in business as a merchant at Bishopsgate. In 1924, he was elected a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, in addition to being a member of the Linnean Society of London. Harris died at Chorleywood in July 1954.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
KIKX
KIKX (104.7 FM, "104.7 BOB FM") is a commercial radio station located in Ketchum, Idaho, broadcasting to the Twin Falls, Idaho area. KIKX airs an adult hits music format. On September 7, 2009, KIKX evolved from classic rock to adult hits as "104.7 BOB FM".

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Buchanan Amish affiliation
The Buchanan Amish affiliation is a subgroup of Amish that was formed in 1914 in Buchanan County, Iowa. It is among the most conservative in the entire Amish world. It is the fourth largest of all Amish affiliations, having almost as many church districts as the Holmes Old Order Amish affiliation. Geographically it is more dispersed than any other Amish affiliation.

Subgroups of Amish
Over the years, as Amish churches have divided many times over doctrinal disputes, subgroups have developed. The "Old Order Amish", a conservative faction that withdrew in the 1860s from fellowship with the wider body of Amish, are those that have most emphasized traditional practices and beliefs. There are many different subgroups of Amish with most belonging, in ascending order of conservatism, to the Beachy Amish, New Order, Old Order, or Swartzentruber Amish groups.
Bobrowiec, Łódź Voivodeship
Bobrowiec [bɔˈbrɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczyca, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Rzeczyca, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 62 km (39 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Nick Gill
Nick Gill (born 25 August 1982) is a former professional Australian rules football player who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Gill was originally drafted by Melbourne in the 2000 pre-season draft but was delisted at the end of 2001. He then spent 2002 playing with Port Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and after a good season was selected by the Kangaroos in the 2003 rookie draft. He was again delisted after only one season and in 2004 moved to the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) to play for the North Adelaide Roosters where he was runner-up in the Magarey Medal in 2005.

2000 AFL draft
The 2000 AFL draft was the annual draft of talented Australian rules football players by teams that participate in the Australian Football League.  It consisted of a pre-season draft, a national draft, a trade period and a rookie elevation.

In 2000 there were 87 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft. The St Kilda Football Club received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 2000 AFL season.
Ultimate Collection (Pat Benatar album)
Ultimate Collection is a compilation album by American singer Pat Benatar, released in 2008. The two-CD collection features 40 songs, including 20 top 40 chart hit singles. The album only contains material that Benatar released under Chrysalis Records, material from her most recent studio albums: Innamorata (1997) and Go (2003), released prior to this compilation's release are excluded.

Benatar toured more than 40 cities across North America in 2008 in support of the release, performing her top hits and fan favorites.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
2022 Colorado Secretary of State election
The 2022 Colorado Secretary of State election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the Secretary of State of Colorado. Incumbent Democrat Jena Griswold won re-election to a second term, improving on her 2018 results.

Mesa County, Colorado
Mesa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,703, making Mesa County the most populous county in western Colorado, and 11th most populous in the state. The county seat and most populous municipality is Grand Junction. The county was named for the many large mesas in the area, including the Grand Mesa, which is the largest flat-topped mountain in the world.

Mesa County comprises the Grand Junction, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, it ranked as the 271st most populous metropolitan area in the United States. It is the only metropolitan area in Colorado not located on the Front Range.
NCAA Season 88
NCAA Season 88 is the 2012–13 season of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the Philippines. The host school, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, will lead the opening ceremonies at the Smart Araneta Coliseum on June 23, 2012. TV5, via its Sports5 production, will air the men's basketball tournament at AKTV on IBC, its first year of airing the league. With its new TV contract, the league was allowed to schedule Saturday games; on its old TV coverage partner ABS-CBN, no weekend games were scheduled.

AKTV
AKTV (pronounced "active", officially branded as AKTV on IBC) was the primetime sports programming block in the Philippines. Owned and operated by TV5, it occupied the 5 pm to 11 pm timeslot of IBC; weekend coverage usually began at 11 am to 11 pm. It started on June 5, 2011, and it ended on May 31, 2013 due to high airtime costs and low ratings.
Somerville Journal Building
The Somerville Journal Building is a historic commercial building in Somerville, Massachusetts.  It was built in 1894 as offices and the printing facility for the Somerville Journal, a weekly publication that continues to exist as part of the "Wicked Local" franchise of GateHouse Media.  The building, a somewhat typical example of late 19th-century commercial architecture, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Somerville, Massachusetts
Somerville (/ˈsʌmərvɪl/ SUM-ər-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 81,045 people. With an area of 4.12 square miles (10.7 km2), the city has a density of 19,671/sq mi (7,595/km2), making it the most densely populated municipality in New England and the 19th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by The Boston Globe. In 1972, 2009, and 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.
Dynamic site acceleration
Dynamic Site Acceleration (DSA) is a group of technologies which make the delivery of dynamic websites more efficient. Manufacturers of application delivery controllers and content delivery networks (CDNs) use a host of techniques to accelerate dynamic sites, including:

Improved connection management, by multiplexing client connections and HTTP keep-alive

Prefetching of uncachable web responses

Dynamic cache control

On-the-fly compression

Full page caching

Off-loading SSL termination

Response based TTL-assignment (bending)

TCP optimization

Route optimization

Time to live
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network. TTL may be implemented as a counter or timestamp attached to or embedded in the data. Once the prescribed event count or timespan has elapsed, data is discarded or revalidated. In computer networking, TTL prevents a data packet from circulating indefinitely. In computing applications, TTL is commonly used to improve the performance and manage the caching of data.
Powder Island
Powder Island (69°32′S 68°47′W﻿ / ﻿69.533°S 68.783°W﻿ / -69.533; -68.783) is a small island lying 8 nautical miles (15 km) south-southeast of Cape Jeremy and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off the west coast of Palmer Land, in George VI Sound. First surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and so named by them because of the friable nature of the rock found on the island.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
The Heavenly Waltz
The Heavenly Waltz (German: Der himmlische Walzer) is a 1948 Austrian comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Elfie Mayerhofer, Paul Hubschmid and Inge Konradi.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff. It was shot at the Sievering Studios in Vienna.

Paul Hubschmid
Paul Hubschmid (German: [paʊ̯l ˈhuːpˌʃmiːt] ⓘ; 20 July 1917 – 1 January 2002) was a Swiss actor. He was most notable for his role as Henry Higgins in the German stage production of My Fair Lady. In his Hollywood films he was billed as Paul Christian. He appeared in dozens of films and television series between 1938 and 1992, many of which were German and International productions.
A481 road
The A481 is a road in Powys, Wales, which connects with the A483 road, not far from the A470 road at Llanelwedd, Builth Wells and leads to the A44 road near Llanfihangel Nant Melan. It is the main road leading to the A44 which connects Builth to Leominster and Hereford across the border with England.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Martin Knöri
Martin Knöri (born 1966) is a Swiss retired alpine skier.

He made his World Cup debut in November 1986 in Sestriere, collecting his first World Cup points with a 5th place. He managed three more top-10 placements throughout his World Cup career, including another 5th place in December 1990 in Kranjska Gora. His last World Cup outing came in January 1994 in Crans Montana.

Sestriere
Sestriere (Italian pronunciation: [seˈstrjɛːre], Occitan: Sestrieras, Piedmontese: Ël Sestrier, French: Sestrières) is a ski resort in Piedmont, Italy, a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Turin. It is situated in Val Susa, 17 km (11 mi) from the French border. Its name derives from Latin: ad petram sistrariam, that is at sixty Roman miles from Turin.
Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria
Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria (6 July 1872 – 10 June 1954) was the daughter of the last King of Bavaria, Ludwig III, and Maria Theresia of Austria-Este. Her husband, Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria, became the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies on 26 May 1934, thus she was titular queen consort of the Two Sicilies.

King of Bavaria
The King of Bavaria (German: König von Bayern) was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished. It was the second time Bavaria was a kingdom, almost a thousand years after the short-lived Carolingian kingdom of Bavaria.
Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services
Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs) is a publication that sets policy in Catholic hospitals and health systems. The document is written and published by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The document derives medical and healthcare policy from Catholic theology and church teaching.

The document in its current form dates from 1971, with the most recent edition published 2025.

Tubal ligation
Tubal ligation (commonly known as having one's "tubes tied") is a surgical procedure for female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are permanently blocked, clipped or removed. This prevents the fertilization of eggs by sperm and thus the implantation of a fertilized egg. Tubal ligation is considered a permanent method of sterilization and birth control by the FDA. Bilateral tubal ligation is not considered a sterilization method by the MHRA.
National Organization for Women v. Scheidler
National Organization for Women v. Scheidler, 510 U.S. 249 (1994), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) could apply to enterprises without economic motives; anti-abortion protesters could thus be prosecuted under it. An organization without an economic motive can still affect interstate or foreign commerce and thus satisfy the Act's definition of a racketeering enterprise.

The Court did not issue judgment on whether or not the Pro-Life Action Network, the organization in question, had committed actions that could be prosecuted under RICO.

G. Robert Blakey argued on behalf of Joseph Scheidler, while Miguel Estrada represented the United States as amicus curiae in favor of reversal.

Miguel Estrada
Miguel Angel Estrada Castañeda (born September 25, 1961) is a Honduran-American attorney who became embroiled in controversy following his 2001 nomination by President George W. Bush to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Senate Democrats, unable to block his nomination in the Senate Judiciary Committee after the Republican Party took control of the U.S. Senate in 2002, used a filibuster for the first time to prevent his nomination from being given a final confirmation vote by the full Senate.
Sungai Balang (state constituency)
Sungai Balang is a state constituency in Johor, Malaysia, that is represented in the Johor State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Johor State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Johor State Legislative Assembly
The Johor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Johor) is the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is composed of 56 members who are elected from single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart. Prior to the 2022 state election, elections are always held concurrently with the federal parliament and other state assemblies elections (except Sarawak).

The State Assembly convenes at Sultan Ismail Building in Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru.
MTV Australia Awards 2009
The Vodafone MTV Australia Awards 2009 is the fifth annual MTV Awards show from MTV Australia. The Awards were held on 27 March 2009 at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Darling Harbour, Sydney.

MTV (Australia and New Zealand)
MTV was a 24-hour general entertainment channel specialising in music and youth culture programming which served Australia and New Zealand. Paramount Networks UK & Australia headquartered in London with a local office at Network 10's headquarters in Sydney is responsible for marketing and advertising in Australia and New Zealand. The channel was replaced by MTV Global in August 2023.
Sveta Petka, Serbia
Sveta Petka (Serbian Cyrillic: Света Петка) is a village in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 334 inhabitants. It has an area of 55.69 km2.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
2007 Guangzhou International Women's Open – Doubles
The  doubles Tournament at the 2007 Guangzhou International Women's Open took place between 24 and 30 September on outdoor hard courts in Guangzhou, China. Peng Shuai and Yan Zi won the title, defeating Vania King and Sun Tiantian in the final.

Sun Tiantian
Sun Tiantian (Chinese: 孙甜甜; pinyin: Sūn Tiántián; Mandarin pronunciation: [swə́n tʰjɛ̌n tʰjɛ̌n]; born 12 October 1981) is a Chinese tennis player. She won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in women's doubles along with her partner Li Ting.

Sun reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 77 in March 2007, winning her only WTA Tour singles title at the 2006 Tashkent Open, and a career-high in doubles of No. 16 in October 2007, winning eleven WTA Tour titles and reaching the quarterfinals of three Grand Slam tournaments, and winning the mixed doubles event at the 2008 Australian Open alongside Nenad Zimonjić.