hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gilman Ranch
The Gilman Ranch is a historic ranch and stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail, in Riverside County, California, United States.  The ranch is best known for its association with the manhunt of Willie Boy, a Paiute Indian who killed the father of Carlota, the woman he was forbidden to marry because they were cousins. They eloped and he shot her father after they returned.  The story was popularized by the book, written by Harry Lawton, and subsequent movie, starring Robert Redford and Robert Blake, named "Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here".

The ranch buildings are now protected as the Gilman Historic Ranch and Wagon Museum within the Gilman Ranch Historic Park, located in Banning. Displays include authentic wagons, including an Overland stagecoach, a “prairie schooner” and a chuck wagon, a saddle collection and Western ranching tools and artifacts. The museum and park are operated by Riverside County Parks.

The ranch complex is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Chuckwagon
A chuckwagon, or chuck wagon, is a horse-drawn wagon operating as a mobile field kitchen and frequently covered with a white tarp, also called a camp wagon or round-up wagon. It was historically used for the storage and transportation of food and cooking equipment on the prairies of the United States and Canada. They were included in wagon trains for settlers and traveling workers such as cowboys or loggers. In modern times, chuckwagons feature in special cooking competitions and events. Chuckwagons are also used in a type of competition known as chuckwagon racing.
Bazooka Joe
Bazooka Joe is a comic strip character and mascot featured on small comics included in individually wrapped pieces of Bazooka bubble gum. He wears a black eyepatch, lending him a distinctive appearance. He is one of the more recognizable American advertising characters of the 20th century, due to worldwide distribution, and one of the few associated with a candy.

Eyepatch
An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye. It may be a cloth patch attached around the head by an elastic band or by a string, an adhesive bandage, or a plastic device which is clipped to a pair of glasses. It is often worn by people to cover a lost, infected, or injured eye, but it also has a therapeutic use in children for the treatment of amblyopia. Eyepatches used to block light while sleeping are referred to as a sleep mask.

An eyepad or eye pad is a soft medical dressing that can be applied over an eye to protect it. It is not necessarily the same as an eyepatch.
JumpStart Adventures 4th Grade: Sapphire Falls
JumpStart Adventures 4th Grade: Sapphire Falls is a personal computer game released by Knowledge Adventure on December 3, 1999 to replace their earlier JumpStart Adventures 4th Grade: Haunted Island released in 1996.

JumpStart Games
JumpStart Games, Inc., formerly Knowledge Adventure, Inc., was an American edutainment video game company based in Torrance, California. Founded in 1991, it was acquired by Chinese holding company NetDragon Websoft in 2017.
Marwan Hussein
Marwan Hussein Hassan Al-Ajeeli (Arabic: مَرْوَان حُسَيْن حَسَن الْعَجِيلِيّ; born 26 January 1992) is an Iraqi professional footballer as a centre forward, who plays for Newroz in the Iraqi Premier League and the Iraq national team.

2010–11 Iraqi Elite League
The 2010–11 Iraqi Elite League (known as the Asiacell Elite League for sponsorship reasons) was the 37th edition of the competition. The name of the league was changed from Iraqi Premier League to Iraqi Elite League. The season began on 26 November 2010, and ended on 15 August 2011. Duhok were the defending champions.

The season's final was won by Al-Zawraa after defeating Erbil on penalties. This was their 12th title.
Communication Workers Union
Communication Workers Union may mean:

Communication Workers Union of Australia

Communication Workers' Union (Ireland)

Communication Workers' Union (Italy)

Communication Workers Union (South Africa)

Communication Workers Union (Trinidad and Tobago)

Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom)

Communication Workers of America

Communications Workers' Union (Ghana)

Communication Workers Union (Ireland)
The Communication Workers Union is a trade union in Ireland.

The union was founded in 1922 as the Irish Post Office Engineering Union, splitting from the British Post Office Engineering Union following the establishment of the Irish Free State.  The following year, it merged with the Irish Postal Union and the Irish Postal Workers' Union, forming the United Postal Union, but the IPOEU was unhappy with the arrangements, and so withdrew before the merger was completed, continuing an independent existence.

It was renamed the Communications Union of Ireland in 1985, while in 1989, it was joined by the Postal Telecommunications Workers' Union and adopted its current name.
Lisbon Falls (waterfall)
The Lisbon Falls are falls in the Lisbon Creek, a right bank tributary of the Blyde River. They are situated a short distance north of Graskop beside the R532 road, and are the highest waterfalls in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The waterfalls are 94 metres (308 ft) high and were named for the Lisbon Creek and the Farm Lisbon, on which the falls are located.

Located close to God's Window, they are however just outside the Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve, as several others like the Berlin Falls, Lone Creek and Mac-Mac Falls. The falls are situated along the Panorama Route.

Panorama Route
The Panorama Route is a scenic road in South Africa connecting several cultural and natural points of interest. The route, steeped in the history of South Africa, is in Mpumalanga province, centred around the Blyde River Canyon, the world's third largest canyon. It features numerous waterfalls, one of the largest afforested areas in South Africa, and several natural landmarks. The route starts at the foot of the Long Tom Pass just outside Lydenburg, following the natural descent from the Great Escarpment to the Lowveld, and ending at the border of the Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces near the Echo Caves.
John Perrigan
John Robert Perrigan (March 25, 1892 – August 1, 1966) was an American Negro league second baseman in the 1920s.

A native of Chester, Pennsylvania, Perrigan played for the Hilldale Club in 1921. In 11 recorded games, he posted five hits in 32 plate appearances. Perrigan died in his hometown of Chester in 1966 at age 74.

Hilldale Club
The Hilldale Athletic Club (informally known as Darby Daisies) were an American professional Negro league baseball team based in Darby, Pennsylvania, west of Philadelphia.

Established as a boys team in 1910, the Hilldales were developed by their early manager, then owner Ed Bolden to be one of the powerhouse Negro league baseball teams. They won the first three Eastern Colored League pennants beginning in 1923 and in 1925 won the second Colored World Series. Hall of Fame player Judy Johnson was a Hilldale regular for most its professional era with 12 seasons in 15 years (1918–1932).
Pitcher Phil Cockrell played for Hilldale throughout those years.
Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey, Louis Santop, Chaney White, and Jesse "Nip" Winters were also important Hilldale players in the 1920s.
Gákti
Gákti is the Northern Sámi word used by non-Sámi speakers to refer to many different types of traditional clothing worn by the Sámi in northern areas of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. The gákti is worn both in ceremonial contexts and while working, particularly when herding reindeer. The traditional Sami outfit is characterized by a dominant color adorned with bands of contrasting colours, plaits, pewter embroidery, tin art, and often a high collar.

Pewter
Pewter (/ˈpjuːtər/) is a malleable metal alloy consisting of tin (85–99%), antimony (approximately 5–10%), copper (2%), bismuth, and sometimes silver. In the past, it was an alloy of tin and as much as 40% lead, but most modern pewter, in order to prevent lead poisoning, is not made with lead. Pewter has a low melting point, around 170–230 °C (338–446 °F), depending on the exact mixture of metals. The word pewter is possibly a variation of "spelter", a term for zinc alloys (originally a colloquial name for zinc).
FolkEast
FolkEast is an English music festival which started in 2012 at Somerleyton Hall, Suffolk, England. In 2013, it relocated to Glemham Hall in Little Glemham, Suffolk, where it held its annual festival on the weekend before the August bank holiday weekend until 2024.

In 2025 FolkEast moved to Sotterley Hall, also in Suffolk.

FolkEast is a cross-arts celebration of music, song, dance, crafts and musical instruments. The festival attracts many international renowned musicians, artists and groups such as The Young'uns, Ten Strings and a Goat Skin, Neil Innes, The Unthanks and Martin Carthy among many others.

Martin Carthy
Martin Dominic Forbes Carthy MBE (born 21 May 1941) is an English singer and guitarist who has remained one of the most influential figures in English folk music, inspiring contemporaries such as Bob Dylan and Paul Simon, as well as later artists such as Richard Thompson, since he emerged as a young musician in the early days of the folk revival in the UK during the 1960s and 1970s.
Who I Am (Cory Marks album)
Who I Am is the second studio album by Canadian country rock artist Cory Marks, and was released on August 7, 2020 through Better Noise Music. It includes the singles "Outlaws and Outsiders", "Drive" and "Blame It on the Double".

Ivan Moody
Ivan L. Moody (born Ivan Lewis Greening on January 7, 1980) is an American singer and songwriter who is the lead vocalist of heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch (FFDP). He performed for several other bands including Motograter and Ghost Machine before joining FFDP. Moody was known by the pseudonym "Ghost" during his time with Motograter.
Bilene Macia District
Bilene Macia District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Macia. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Chókwè District in the north, Xai-Xai District in the east, and Magude District of Maputo Province in the west. In the south, the district is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is 2,157 square kilometres (833 sq mi). It has a population of 151911 as of 2007.

Maputo Province
Maputo [mɐˈputu] is a province of Mozambique; the province excludes the city of Maputo (which comprises a separate province). The province has an area of 22,693 km2 (8,762 sq mi) and a population of 1,968,906 (2017 census). Its capital is the city of Matola.
Wrestling at the 2023 East Asian Youth Games
Wrestling was held at the 2023 East Asian Youth Games from August 21 to 22, 2023, at AIC Steppe Arena in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Only athletes born on 2006.01.01 – 2007.12.31 were allowed to participate.

2023 East Asian Youth Games
The 2023 East Asian Youth Games (Mongolian: "Улаанбаатар-2023" Зүүн Азийн залуучуудын наадам) was the first edition of the East Asian Youth Games. The games was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia from 16 to 23 August 2023.
New York Film Festival Downtown
New York Film Festival Downtown was a New York-based film festival founded by Tessa Hughes-Freeland and Ela Troyano in 1984. With independent and "positively avante-garde" programming, it came to prominence in the East Village art scene and ran for five years, ending in 1988.

The Ballad of Sexual Dependency
The Ballad of Sexual Dependency is a 1985 slide show exhibition and 1986 artist's book publication of photographs taken between 1979 and 1986 by photographer Nan Goldin. Consisting of over 700 images, it is an autobiographical document of a portion of New York City's No wave music and art scene, the post-Stonewall gay subculture of the late 1970s and early 1980s, the heroin subculture of the Bowery neighborhood, and Goldin's personal family and love life.

Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said it "remains a benchmark for all other work in a similar confessional vein." Lucy Davies, writing in The Telegraph in 2014, said it "would come to influence a generation of fledgling photographers, who fell into her truth-telling wake. She was credited by Bill Clinton with inventing heroin chic".
Festival Pier
Festival Pier is a stop for river boat services on the River Thames, London, UK. It is immediately in front of the Royal Festival Hall and National Film Theatre, and serves the South Bank complex. The pier is owned and operated by London River Services, part of Transport for London.

BFI Southbank
BFI Southbank (formerly known as the National Film Theatre from 1951 to 2007) is the leading repertory cinema in the United Kingdom, specialising in seasons of classic, independent and non-English language films. It is operated by the British Film Institute. Forbes called its largest cinema, NFT1, "one of the crown jewels of the London film scene".
Boris Aprilov
Atanas Vassilev Djavkov, better known by his pseudonym Boris Aprilov (Bulgarian: Борис Априлов, Hebrew: בוריס אפרילוב; 21 March 1921 – 10 April 1995), was a Bulgarian writer, playwright, dramaturge, satirist, and humorist, best known for his novels, plays, screenplays, and children's literature. He published works under the names Ahasver, Aho, and Ahoto, along with other aliases in the humorist journal Starshel.

Starshel (magazine)
Starshel (Bulgarian: "Стършел",  "hornet") is a satirical magazine published in the Bulgaria. Founded in 1886 and published without interruption since 1946, it is the oldest Bulgarian periodical in continuous circulation. The magazines is based in Sofia and is published on a weekly basis.

For a while, it was issued by the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party.
Iraqi National Theatre
The National Theatre in Iraq was opened during the Saddam Hussein era and closed during the 2003 Iraq War.  According to the Telegraph, the theatre re-opened in 2009 with reinforced blast walls to protect against terrorist attacks.  According to Al Arabiya News, the theatre has 1000 seats and cost 10,000 Iraqi Dinars to attend.

Iraqi dinar
The Iraqi dinar (code: IQD; Arabic: الدينار العراقي), Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈnɑːr]) is the currency of Iraq. The Iraqi dinar is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI). On 12 December 2025, the exchange rate with the US dollar was US$1 = 1418 dinars.
Mount Arethusa
Mount Arethusa is a mountain located in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada.

It is located alongside Highway 40, immediately east of the Highwood Pass parking lot in Kananaskis Country, and is a part of the Misty Range of the Southern Continental Ranges. It is named after HMS Arethusa, a British cruiser sunk in the 1915 Battle of Dogger Bank.

Mt. Arethusa and Little Arethusa form the southern wall of the Ptarmigan cirque which is a popular short hike from the Highwood Pass parking lot.

Continental Ranges
The Continental Ranges are a major grouping of mountain ranges in the Rocky Mountains primarily located in the Canadian Rockies of eastern British Columbia and western Alberta, with small portions extending into the U.S. states of Idaho and Montana. It is a physiographic designation primarily geologists and is not used by the general public; it is not recognized in Alberta, and does not appear on topographic maps, although the names of its subranges (the Kootenay, Front, and the Park or Main Ranges) are in common use. It is the largest and best-known of the Canadian Rockies' three main subdivisions (the others being the Hart and  Muskwa Ranges).
Lexington State Bank
Lexington State Bank (commonly known as "LSB") was a banking company based in Lexington, North Carolina. Its motto was "The Bank" and its slogans were "Beeline Banking", and "Easy as L-S-B". The bank had 29 branches across the Piedmont Triad region operating in Davidson, Stokes, Forsyth, Guilford, and Randolph counties of North Carolina. LSB Bancshares, Inc. (Nasdaq: LXBK) was the holding company for Lexington State Bank. In 2007, it merged with FNB Southeast to form NewBridge Bank.

Lexington, North Carolina
Lexington is a city in and the county seat of Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 19,632. It is located in central North Carolina, 20 miles (32 km) south of Winston-Salem. Lexington is part of the Piedmont Triad region of the state.

Lexington has been noted as one of America's top four best cities for barbecue by U.S. News & World Report. The City calls itself the "Barbecue Capital of the World", and it hosts the annual Lexington Barbecue Festival.

Lexington, Thomasville, and the rural areas surrounding them are slowly developing as residential bedroom communities for nearby cities such as Winston-Salem, Greensboro, High Point and, to a lesser extent, Charlotte and its northeastern suburbs.
Revised simplex method
In mathematical optimization, the revised simplex method is a variant of George Dantzig's simplex method for linear programming.

The revised simplex method is mathematically equivalent to the standard simplex method but differs in implementation. Instead of maintaining a tableau which explicitly represents the constraints adjusted to a set of basic variables, it maintains a representation of a basis of the matrix representing the constraints. The matrix-oriented approach allows for greater computational efficiency by enabling sparse matrix operations.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Rzhaksa
Rzhaksa (Russian: Ржакса) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Rzhaksinsky District of Tambov Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,196 (2010 Census); 5,864 (2002 Census); 6,164 (1989 Soviet census).

Tambov Oblast
Tambov Oblast (Russian: Тамбовская область, IPA: [tɐmˈbofskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tambov. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,091,994.
Sasanian campaign of Severus Alexander
The Sassanid campaign of Alexander Severus was an episode of the Roman–Sasanian Wars (224-363) that saw the Roman Empire ruled by Emperor Alexander Severus (222-235) confront the dominance of the Sasanids, led by Ardashir I (224-241): the war was fought between 230 and 232, originating from an attempted Sasanian expansion into the eastern Roman provinces, and resolved with a return to the status quo ante.

Seleucia
Seleucia (/sɪˈljuːʃə/; Ancient Greek: Σελεύκεια), also known as Seleucia-on-Tigris or Seleucia on the Tigris or Seleucia ad Tigrim, was a major Mesopotamian city, located on the west bank of the Tigris River within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq. It was founded around 305 BC by Seleucus I Nicator as the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, and remained an important center of trade and Hellenistic culture after the imperial capital relocated to Antioch. The city continued to flourish under Parthian rule beginning in 141 BC; ancient texts claim that it reached a population of 600,000. Seleucia was destroyed in 165 AD by Roman general Avidius Cassius and gradually faded into obscurity in the subsequent centuries. The site was rediscovered in the 1920s by archaeologists.
Nepal at the 1984 South Asian Games
Nepal participated in the first edition of SAG, 1984 South Asian Games at Dasarath Stadium, Kathmandu, Nepal from 17 to 23 September 1984. A total of 105 competitors representing Nepal, participated in the games. Nepal was the host of the first South Asian Games. It finished fourth at the medal tally with a total medals count of 24 including 4 golds, 12 silvers and 8 bronzes.

Dasharath Rangasala
Dasharath Rangasala (Nepali: दशरथ रङ्गशाला ; transl. Dasharath Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tripureshwar, Kathmandu. It is named after Dasharath Chand, one of the four great martyrs of Nepal.

The stadium is used mostly for football matches and cultural programmes. The stadium has also been the only host of the inaugural 2021 Nepal Super League season.
Theodor Wilhelm Danzel
Theodor Wilhelm Danzel (4 February 1818, Hamburg – 9 May 1850, Leipzig) was a German literary historian and philosopher.

He studied as the universities of Leipzig, Halle and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate at the University of Jena with a thesis on Plato's philosophical methods (1841). As a student, he was an ardent follower of Hegelian philosophy. In 1845 he received his habilitation at Leipzig, where he subsequently worked as a lecturer.

He died in Leipzig on 9 May 1850 at the age of 32.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Kiama railway station
Kiama railway station is a heritage-listed intercity train station located in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia, on the South Coast railway line. The station serves Sydney Trains diesel multiple unit trains traveling south to Bomaderry and electric multiple unit trains north to Wollongong and Sydney. Early morning and late night services to and from stations to the south are provided by train replacement bus services. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Awning
An awning or overhang is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building. It is typically composed of canvas woven of acrylic, cotton or polyester yarn, or vinyl laminated to polyester fabric that is stretched tightly over a light structure of aluminium, iron or steel, possibly wood or transparent material (used to cover solar thermal panels in the summer, but that must allow as much light as possible in the winter). The configuration of this structure is something of a truss, space frame or planar frame. Awnings are also often constructed of aluminium understructure with aluminium sheeting. These aluminium awnings are often used when a fabric awning is not a practical application where snow load as well as wind loads may be a factor.
Edward G. Lanpher
Edward Gibson Lanpher (born December 8, 1942 Richmond, Virginia)  was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Zimbabwe (1991–1995).

Lanpher grew up in Alexandria, Virginia and attended the Burgundy Farm Country Day School which was the first racially integrated school in Virginia, Phillips Academy and Brown University.

Burgundy Farm Country Day School
Burgundy Farm Country Day School is an independent school on a 25-acre (100,000 m2) campus in the Rose Hill census-designated place of Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, with an Alexandria postal address, and 611 acres (2.47 km2) in West Virginia. It serves students in grades Junior Kindergarten through Eighth Grade.