hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CAFASP
CAFASP, or the Critical Assessment of Fully Automated Structure Prediction, is a large-scale blind experiment in protein structure prediction that studies the performance of automated structure prediction webservers in homology modeling, fold recognition, and ab initio prediction of protein tertiary structures based only on amino acid sequence. The experiment runs once every two years in parallel with CASP, which focuses on predictions that incorporate human intervention and expertise. Compared to related benchmarking techniques LiveBench and EVA, which run weekly against newly solved protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, CAFASP generates much less data, but has the advantage of producing predictions that are directly comparable to those produced by human prediction experts. Recently CAFASP has been run essentially integrated into the CASP results rather than as a separate experiment.

Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.
Juan José Holzinger
Juan José Holzinger (?–1864) was a German-born mining engineer who served as a colonel in the Mexican Army during the Texas Revolution.

Holzinger first came to Mexico in 1825 as a mining engineer for a British company. He served with Santa Anna when he led a Federalist revolt. During the Texas Revolution Holzinger was credited with saving some Texan prisoner. Afterward he moved to Vera Cruz where he became a major landowner.

Mexican Army
The Mexican Army (Spanish: Ejército Mexicano), also known as the National Defense Army, is the combined land and air branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It includes the Mexican Air Force, the Special Forces Body, and the National Guard.

With an active-duty force of 261,773 servicemembers (as of 2024), the Army is the largest component of the Mexican Armed Forces and among the largest armies in the world. It is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence, who is directly answerable to the President.

The Mexican Army was the first to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle.
Time to Waste
"Time to Waste" is a song by Chicago punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the first single from their 2005 album Crimson. "Time to Waste" was released to radio on May 24, 2005. It peaked at #40 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart, #32 on the UK Singles Chart, and #97 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles. It was backed with the B-side songs "We Can Never Break Up" and "Don't Say You Won't" from the album's recording sessions.

The song's music video, directed by Linkin Park's Joseph Hahn, depicts the band performing "Time to Waste" in a hangar to the accompaniment of lighting effects and background projection screens.

Joe Hahn
Joseph Hahn (born March 15, 1977) is an American musician, DJ, director, and visual artist best known as the DJ and creative director of the rock band Linkin Park, doing the scratching, turntables, sampling, and programming for all eight of Linkin Park's albums. Hahn and bandmate Mike Shinoda are responsible for most of Linkin Park's album artwork. Hahn also directed many of the band's music videos.
Payradanga railway station
Payradanga railway station is a railway station on the Sealdah Ranagahat line. It serves the local areas of Payradanga in the Nadia district of West Bengal. The Sealdah–Kusthia line of the Eastern Bengal Railway was opened to railway traffic in the year 1862. Eastern Bengal Railway used to work only on the eastern side of the Hooghly River. The platform is not at all sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. There is no proper approach road to this station. The Sealdah–Ranaghat sector was electrified in 1963–65.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Jiwanta Sambandha
Jiwanta Sambandha (Nepali: जीवन्त सम्बन्ध) is a  memoir by the Nepalese cardiologist Om Murti Anil. It describes the importance of human relationships in modern life and highlights the social responsibility of an individual. It is inspired by the personal and professional experiences related to the death of his father.

The book received reviews in national media for its storytelling. The entire revenue from the sales of this book is used to support vulnerable elderly people, conduct health camps, and provide scholarships to underprivileged students through the Dr. Om Foundation.

Hari Bansha Acharya
Hari Bansha Acharya (Nepali: हरिवंश आचार्य) is a Nepalese actor, comedian, director, singer and writer.Hari Bansha Acharya, widely  revered and regarded as the greatest comic comedian of all time in Nepalese Tele and movie industry, is known for his method acting. He is one half of the comedy duo MaHa Jodi along with fellow artist Madan Krishna Shrestha. He is known for his performance as Arjun in the 1997 patriotic drama film Balidaan. His performance in the series Madan Bahadur Hari Bahadur as "Hari Bahadur" is well recognized. He also wrote and performed in the film Shatru Gatey.
Joint Information Operations Warfare Center
The Joint Information Operations Warfare Center (JIOWC) was created by the U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) sometime around 2004 or 2005 at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, with the intent of coordinating and executing U.S. information operations at the strategic level. On September 12, 2011, by executive order, the JIOWC was chartered as a Chairman's Controlled Activity aligned under the Joint Staff. The JIOWC falls directly under the Joint Staff Operations Directorate (J3), but works closely with personnel under the Deputy Director Global Operations, J39 (DDGO).

Operations (J3)
The Operations (J3) directorate is the Continental Staff System branch of the U.S. DOD Joint Staff responsible for military operations.

It is the third level of the US National Level Command Structure, primarily assists the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) in carrying out responsibilities as the principal  military advisor to the President and Secretary of Defense. Operations develops and provides guidance to the Combatant Commanders; relays communications between the President, Secretary of Defense, Combatant Commanders regarding current operations and plans.

It is headed by the Director, Operations, staff code J3, a three-star lieutenant general or vice admiral.

The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the J3 directorate.
Gérard Garitte
Gérard Garitte (1914–1990) was a Belgian philologist and orientalist.

From 1944 to 1946, he worked at the Vatican Library. Afterwards, he came at the Catholic University of Leuven where e was appointed professor in 1950. and later the French-speaking University of Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. He raised the study of Georgian ecclesiastical literature to a high level. In 1959, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Human Sciences ("Orientalisme chrétien - Philologie classique"). In 1962, strongly opposed to the expulsion of French speakers from the Catholic University of Louvain, he created the ACAPSUL movement together with Georges Lemaître to fight against the split of the university.

Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)
The Catholic University of Leuven or Louvain (French: Université catholique de Louvain, Dutch: Katholieke Hogeschool te Leuven, later Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven) was founded in 1834 in Mechelen as the Catholic University of Belgium, and moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven. In 1968, it was split into two universities, the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Université catholique de Louvain, following tensions between the Dutch and French-speaking student bodies.
Dancing with the Stars (Australian TV series) season 8
The eighth season of the Australian Dancing with the Stars debuted on 31 August 2008. Actor Daniel MacPherson replaced Daryl Somers as host, while Sonia Kruger returned as co-host. Todd McKenney, Helen Richey, and Mark Wilson returned as judges. Paul Mercurio did not return and was not replaced.

Home and Away actor Luke Jacobz and Luda Kroitor were announced as the winners on 9 November 2008, while boxer Danny Green and Natalie Lowe finished in second place, and AFL player Paul Licuria and Eliza Campagna finished in third.

Daniel MacPherson
Daniel MacPherson  is an Australian actor and television presenter, known for his roles as Joel Samuels in Neighbours, PC Cameron Tait in The Bill, Sergeant Samuel Wyatt in Sky and Cinemax's Strike Back,  Whit Carmichael in the Shane Abbess sci-fi film Infini, Arion Elessedil in The Shannara Chronicles and Hugo Crast in the first filmed adaptation of Isaac Asimov's long running Foundation novel series, loosely adapted as Foundation. He also co-hosted Dancing with the Stars for six years while simultaneously starring in a number of Australian dramas such as Wild Boys.
Champagne Chanoine Frères
49°12′52″N 4°00′42″E﻿ / ﻿49.21439°N 4.011531°E﻿ / 49.21439; 4.011531

Champagne Chanoine Frères is a Champagne producer based in the Reims region of Champagne. The house, founded in 1730, produces both vintage and non-vintage cuvee as well as an extra dry series of wines known as Tsarine and Tsarina.

Sweetness of wine
The subjective sweetness of a wine is determined by the interaction of several factors, including the amount of sugar in the wine, but also the relative levels of alcohol, acids, and tannins. Sugars and alcohol enhance a wine's sweetness, while acids cause sourness and bitter tannins cause bitterness. These principles are outlined in the 1987 work by Émile Peynaud, The Taste of Wine.

According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), wines can be classified based in their sugar content. A wine is considered dry when it contains no more than 4g/L of glucose plus fructose or when its acidic strength is at least 2g/L relative to glucose plus fructose. Medium dry wines have a sugar content higher than that of dry wines. Mellow or semi-sweet wines contain more sugar than the medium dry wines but no more than 45g/L. Sweet wines contain at least 45g/L of glucose plus fructose.
Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts
Chartertech High School for the Performing Arts is a public charter high school for students in ninth through twelfth grades in Somers Point, Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that focuses on education in the performing arts. The school operates independently of the local school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 253 students and 41.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.2:1. There were 161 students (63.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 28 (11.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Atlantic County, New Jersey
Atlantic County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 census, the county was the state's 15th-most-populous county, with a population of 274,534, a drop of 15 from the 2010 census count of 274,549. The United States Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program estimated a 2024 population of 279,114, an increase of 4,580 (+1.7%) from the 2020 decennial census. Its county seat is the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township. The county is part of the Jersey Shore and of the South Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Atlantic County is Egg Harbor Township, with 47,842 residents at the time of the 2020 census; Galloway Township, covered 115.21 square miles (298.4 km2), the largest total area of any municipality, though Hamilton Township has the largest land area, covering 111.13 square miles (287.8 km2). Atlantic County forms the Atlantic City–Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which is also part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 with the song "One Day Love", written by Donald Martin and Ita Flynn, and performed by Angela Farrell. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through a national final. The song eventually finished in eleventh place in the international final held at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin. This was Ireland's first time hosting the Eurovision Song Contest, following the country's first victory in 1970 with "All Kinds Of Everything", sung by 18-year-old Dana.

Gaiety Theatre, Dublin
The Gaiety Theatre is a theatre on South King Street in Dublin, Ireland, off Grafton Street and close to St. Stephen's Green. It specialises in operatic and musical productions, with occasional dramatic shows.
Maria-Florina Balcan
Maria-Florina (Nina) Balcan is a Romanian-American computer scientist whose research investigates machine learning, algorithmic game theory, theoretical computer science, including active learning, kernel methods, random-sampling mechanisms and envy-free pricing. She is an associate professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University.

Random-sampling mechanism
A random-sampling mechanism (RSM) is a truthful mechanism that uses sampling in order to achieve approximately-optimal gain in prior-free mechanisms and prior-independent mechanisms.

Suppose we want to sell some items in an auction and achieve maximum profit. The crucial difficulty is that we do not know how much each buyer is willing to pay for an item. If we know, at least, that the valuations of the buyers are random variables with some known probability distribution, then we can use a Bayesian-optimal mechanism. But often we do not know the distribution. In this case, random-sampling mechanisms provide an alternative solution.
Her Sister's Secret
Her Sister's Secret is a 1946 American drama film directed by Edgar G. Ulmer and starring Nancy Coleman, Margaret Lindsay, Phillip Reed, and Regis Toomey. It centers around a woman who falls in love with a soldier.  Believing she has been abandoned, she gives her baby to her married sister. The picture was produced and distributed by Producers Releasing Corporation. The screenplay was by Anne Green from the novel Dark Angel by Gina Kaus.

Nancy Coleman
Nancy Coleman (December 30, 1912 – January 18, 2000) was an American film, stage, television and radio actress. After working on radio and appearing on the Broadway stage, Nancy Coleman moved to Hollywood to work for Warner Bros. studios.
George Winterton
George Graham Winterton (15 December 1946 – 6 November 2008) was an Australian academic specialising in Australian constitutional law. Winterton taught for 28 years at the University of New South Wales before taking up an appointment of Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Sydney in 2004.

Winterton served as a member of the Executive Government Advisory Committee of the Constitutional Commission from 1985 to 1987.

Robert French
Robert Shenton French (born 1947) is a former judge of the Federal Court of Australia and was Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia from 2008 to 2017. From 2017 to 2024, he was chancellor of the University of Western Australia, of which he is a graduate. He served as an overseas non-permanent judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal from 2017 to 2025.
Luisa Geiselsöder
Luisa Christine Geiselsöder (born 10 February 2000) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Wings of the WNBA and Basket Landes of the La Boulangère Wonderligue. She was selected 21st overall in the 2020 WNBA draft by the Wings.

Ligue Féminine de Basketball
The Ligue Féminine de Basketball (LFB; Women's Basketball League) is the top women's French professional basketball league. The LFB authorities announced that the championship is renamed La Boulangère Wonderligue (LBWL) as for the seasons 2024-2025 to 2026-2027.
Tom Johnstone
Tom Johnstone (born 13 August 1995) is an England international rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League.

He has spent time on loan from Wakefield at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship. Johnstone was the winner of the Super League Young Player of the Year in 2016.

2015 RFL Championship
The 2015 Rugby Football League Championship, known as the Kingstone Press Championship for sponsorship reasons, was a professional rugby league football competition played in the UK, one tier below the Super League.

The 2015 Championship featured twelve teams, who played each other twice in the regular season, once at home and once away, totaling 22 games. The 2015 season also saw for the first time the Summer Bash Weekend, which was played at Bloomfield Road, Blackpool and created an additional round of fixtures. After 23 rounds in both the Championship and the Super League, the two divisions of twelve were split into the Rugby League Super 8s.

Leigh Centurions were the league leaders after 23 rounds and were thus deemed Champions for the 2015 season, while Hunslet Hawks and Doncaster were relegated following the culmination of the Super 8s.
Ogden channel
Ogden Channel is a strait on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located between Porcher Island (NW) and Pitt Island (SE). The channel complex is part of the Alexander terrane, and dates between the late silurian and early devonian.

Channel waters contain a significant freshwater component, and the surface water layer of Ogden Channel does not reverse with incoming tides during snowmelt. The channel is an important migration corridor for juvenile sockeye salmon.

Snowmelt
In hydrology, snowmelt is surface runoff produced from melting snow. It can also be used to describe the period or season during which such runoff is produced. Water produced by snowmelt is an important part of the annual water cycle in many parts of the world, in some cases contributing high fractions of the annual runoff in a watershed. Predicting snowmelt runoff from a drainage basin may be a part of designing water control projects. Rapid snowmelt can cause flooding. If the snowmelt is then frozen, very dangerous conditions and accidents can occur, introducing the need for salt to melt the ice.
Savalette
Captain Savalette was a Basque ship's captain who, in 1607, reportedly had been fishing off Canso, Nova Scotia since 1565.

Based in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Savalette had learned of these fishing spots from his father, who had in turn heard of them from his father. When Savalette met Samuel de Champlain in 1607, he stated that he had crossed the Atlantic Ocean to this location every year for the past forty two years. Captain Savalette also encountered the French explorer Marc Lescarbot.

Savalette engaged in the so-called "dry" or sedentary fishery. Fish were caught close to shore and were dried on shore soon after being caught.

A plaque was erected on the shore at Tor Bay, commemorating Captain Savalette's voyages to this area. Tor Bay was previously known as Port Savalette. The Festival Savalette is held in the area each August.

Captain Savalette was named a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian government in 1944.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Juda Ka Talab
Juda Ka Talab is a high-altitude freshwater lake located in the Uttarkashi district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Positioned at an elevation of approximately 2,700 metres (8,860 feet) above sea level, the lake lies along the Kedarkantha trekking route in the Western Garhwal Himalayas. It is primarily fed by snowmelt and seasonal rainwater and typically remains frozen during the winter months. The lake is surrounded by forested terrain.

The lake lies within Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary, and is Located northeast of Sankri village, it is about 4 km away on a moderately inclined trekking trail through alpine meadows and forests. The lake is accessible only on foot, and the nearest road-linked town is Purola.

Uttarkashi district
Uttarkashi district is a district of Garhwal division of the Uttarakhand state in northern India, and has its headquarters at Uttarkashi city. It has 6 tehsil . Barkot, Dunda, Bhatwadi, Chinyalisaur, Purola and Mori. Uttarkashi district's south-western parts are cuturally part of the historical Mahasu region.

The district contains the source of the Bhagirathi River (traditionally considered the headstream of the Ganga) at Gangotri and the Yamuna River at Yamunotri, both of which are highly significant and popular pilgrimage sites. Uttarkashi town, which lies on the main road to Gangotri, is also considered an important Hindu pilgrimage centre, especially for Saivites. The district is bounded on the north by Kinnaur and Shimla districts of Himachal Pradesh, on the northeast by Tibet, China, on the east by Chamoli District, on the southeast by Rudraprayag district, on the south by Tehri Garhwal district, and on the west by Dehradun district.
Doghole Lake
Doghole Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The lake is part of the James Bay drainage basin, and is the source of the Doghole River, which flows to Lake St. Joseph, and then via the Albany River to James Bay. The majority of the lake is within the Mishkeegogamang First Nation Osnaburgh Indian Reserve No. 63B, whose main community is on the lake's eastern shore, adjacent to Ontario Highway 599.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.