hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Variance inflation factor
In statistics, the variance inflation factor (VIF) is the ratio (quotient) of the variance of a parameter estimate when fitting a full model that includes other parameters to the variance of the parameter estimate if the model is fit with only the parameter on its own. The VIF provides an index that measures how much the variance (the square of the estimate's standard deviation) of an estimated regression coefficient is increased because of collinearity.

Cuthbert Daniel claims to have invented the concept behind the variance inflation factor, but did not come up with the name.

Cuthbert Daniel
Cuthbert Daniel (August 27, 1904 – August 8, 1997) was an American industrial statistician.

Daniel was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He obtained bachelor's and master's degrees in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but became interested in statistics through reading Statistical Methods for Research Workers by R. A. Fisher.

In 1955 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
Daniel was awarded the R. A. Fisher Lectureship by the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies in 1971, the Wilks Memorial Award by the American Statistical Association in 1974, and the Shewhart Medal by the American Society for Quality in 1991.
Glauchau–Wurzen railway
The Glauchau–Wurzen railway is a mostly disused, secondary railway line in Saxony. It follows the valleys of Zwickauer Mulde and Mulde from Glauchau via Rochlitz and Grimma to Wurzen and is hence also known as Muldentalbahn (Mulde valley railway). Regular traffic on the line ended in the early 2000s. The section between Glauchau and Großbothen has been leased by Deutsche Regionaleisenbahn since 2005 and has been protected as a cultural monument since 2016, the remainder has been decommissioned.

Abandoned railway
An abandoned railroad is a railway line which is no longer used for that purpose.  Such lines may be disused railways, closed railways, former railway lines, or derelict railway lines.  Some have had all their track and sleepers removed, and others have material remaining from their former usage.

There are many hundreds of these throughout the world. Thousands of miles of railroads have been abandoned in the United States, much of it in the 40 years from 1965 to 2005. The right-of-way which has been established for such a line makes it useful for other transport, such as a rail trail. Other uses are possible. For example, in 1936, farmers in Aldrich, Missouri, found various uses for the land and materials of an abandoned railway. The abandoned railway stations on the line may be put to some other use too.
Chicago Loop (band)
The Chicago Loop was an American rock group from Chicago, Illinois, United States. The group, formed in 1966,  consisted of Bob Slawson (vocals), Judy Novy (vocals), John Savanna, alternate touring (guitar), Barry Goldberg (piano), Carmine Riale (bass), and John Siomos (drums). In 1966, they released the single, "(When She Needs Good Lovin') She Comes to Me" b/w "This Must Be the Place" on DynoVoice Records. Some of the pressings of the single had an alternate title, "(When She Wants Good Lovin') My Baby Comes to Me". The song hit No. 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 late in 1966. The recording featured some notable session musicians; lead guitar was Michael Bloomfield, and the keyboard player was Barry Goldberg. Bob Crewe was the producer, and Riale, Slawson, and Siomos also formed the rhythm section of the touring group The Mitch Ryder Show, Ryder's first solo tour after breaking with the Detroit Wheels.

Bob Crewe
Robert Stanley Crewe (November 12, 1930 – September 11, 2014) was an American songwriter, dancer, singer, manager, and record producer. Crewe co-wrote and produced a string of Top 10 singles with Bob Gaudio for the Four Seasons.

As a songwriter, his most successful songs include "Silhouettes" (co-written with Frank Slay); "Big Girls Don't Cry", "Walk Like a Man", "Rag Doll", "Silence Is Golden", "The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine (Anymore)", "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" and "Bye, Bye, Baby" (all co-written with Gaudio); "Let's Hang On!" (written with Sandy Linzer and Denny Randell); and "My Eyes Adored You" and "Lady Marmalade" (both co-written with Kenny Nolan). He also had hit recordings with the Rays, Diane Renay, Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, Freddy Cannon, Lesley Gore, Oliver, Michael Jackson, Bobby Darin, Roberta Flack, Peabo Bryson, Patti LaBelle, Barry Manilow, and his own Bob Crewe Generation.
Orley Farm (novel)
Orley Farm is a novel written in the realist mode by Anthony Trollope (1815–82), and illustrated by the Pre-Raphaelite artist John Everett Millais. It was first published in monthly shilling parts by the London publisher Chapman and Hall. Although the novel appeared to have undersold (possibly because the shilling part was being overshadowed by magazines such as The Cornhill that offered a variety of stories and poems in each issue), Orley Farm was later named by Trollope as his personal favourite among his novels. George Orwell said the book contained "one of the most brilliant descriptions of a lawsuit in English fiction."

The Orley Farm property depicted in the book was based on a farm in Harrow, London once owned by the Trollope family. The real-life farm became a school that was originally designated as a feeder school to Harrow. It was renamed Orley Farm School after the novel, with Trollope's permission.

Chapman & Hall
Chapman & Hall is an imprint owned by CRC Press, originally founded as a British publishing house in London in the first half of the 19th century by Edward Chapman and William Hall. Chapman & Hall were publishers for Charles Dickens (from 1840 until 1844 and again from 1858 until 1870), Thomas Carlyle, William Thackeray, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Anthony Trollope, Eadweard Muybridge and Evelyn Waugh, and his brother Alec Waugh.
Betty de Boer
Bregtje Grietje "Betty" de Boer (born 2 September 1971 in Surhuisterveen) is a Dutch politician and former management consultant and civil servant. As a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) she was an MP between 17 June 2010 and 23 March 2017. She focused on matters of housing.

Surhuisterveen
Surhuisterveen (West Frisian: Surhústerfean) is the largest of the 12 villages of the municipality of Achtkarspelen, in the province of  Friesland, the Netherlands. As of 1 January 2017, Surhuisterveen had a population of 5,929.
The Cambridge History of Latin America
The Cambridge History of Latin America is a history of Latin America, edited by Leslie Bethell and published in 12 volumes between 1985–2008.

Contributors include David Brading, J.H. Elliott, John Hemming, Friedrich Katz, Herbert S. Klein, Miguel León-Portilla, James Lockhart, Murdo J. MacLeod, Jean Meyer, John Murra, David Rock, John Womack, among others.

John Womack
John Womack Jr. (born August 14, 1937) is an American economist and historian of Mexico, the Mexican Revolution (1910–1921), and Emiliano Zapata. He is a former professor of Latin American history and economics at Harvard University. He is the grandfather of the late rapper Lil Peep.
Aste Nagusia
Aste Nagusia or "The Great Week" (Basque: Bilboko Aste Nagusia, Spanish: Semana Grande de Bilbao) is the main festival of Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain, which is celebrated annually over 9 days beginning on the first Saturday following 15 August, the festivity of the Assumption of Our Lady.

Kepa Junkera
Kepa Junkera Urraza (born 1965 in Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain) is a Basque musician and composer.  A master of the trikitixa, the diatonic accordion, he has recorded more than 10 albums.  Junkera won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Folk Album in 2004 for his album K.
Charles Archibald MacLellan
Charles Archibald MacLellan (June 22, 1885 - October 4, 1961) was a 20th-century American painter and illustrator. His works enjoyed a wide-ranging, popular appeal in the United States, and he was probably one of the most recognizable cover illustrators of the day.

Delaware Art Museum
The Delaware Art Museum is an art museum located on the Kentmere Parkway in Wilmington, Delaware, which holds a collection of more than 12,000 objects. The museum was founded in 1912 as the Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts in honor of the artist Howard Pyle. The collection focuses on American art and illustration from the 19th to the 21st century, and on the English Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood movement of the mid-19th century.

The museum building was expanded and renovated in 2005 and includes a 9-acre (36,000 m2) Sculpture Park, the Helen Farr Sloan Library and Archives, studio art classes, a children's learning area, as well as a cafe and museum store.
Emrah Kuş
Emrah Kuş (born 13 October 1988 in Çorum, Turkey) is a Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler. Competing for İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyespor, he is coached by Cengiz Papağan and Kemal Karadağ.

At the 17th Mediterranean Games held in Mersin, Turkey in 2013, he became gold medalist.
He won the bronze medal in the 74 kg division at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships.

In 2022, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's Greco-Roman 82 kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Siri Landsem
Siri Landsem Lorentsen (born 14 June 1965) is a Norwegian sport shooter.

She was born in Trondheim. At the 1984 Summer Olympics she finished seventh in the 10 metre air rifle event and 17th in the 50 metre rifle three positions event. At the 1988 Summer Olympics she finished 36th in the 10 metre air rifle event and 37th in the 50 metre rifle three positions event.

She has her education from the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. She resides in Hommelvik.

Hommelvik
Hommelvik is the administrative centre of Malvik Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Hommelvika, a bay off of the Trondheimsfjord. Hommelvik is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest of the village of Muruvika, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the village of Smiskaret, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Vikhammer, and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Sneisen. The river Homla runs north through the village, emptying into the fjord.  The name of the village is derived from the river name.

The 3.16-square-kilometre (780-acre) village has a population (2025) of 5,925 and a population density of 1,875 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,860/sq mi). Hommelvik Church is located in the village, just south of the shoreline. The European route E6 highway runs around the village and the Trøndelag Commuter Rail has a stop at Hommelvik Station.
Lanivet
Lanivet (Cornish: Lanneves) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated approximately 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) southwest of Bodmin, and before the Bodmin by-pass was built, the  A30 road between London and Land's End passed through the village. The Saints' Way long-distance footpath passes Lanivet near its half-way point.

The parish includes the hamlets of Bodwannick, Bokiddick, Lamorick, St Ingunger, Trebell, Tregullon, Tremore, and Woodly. Part of St Lawrence is also in this parish. An electoral ward of the same name surrounds Bodmin. Its population at the 2011 census was 4,241.

St Lawrence, Cornwall
50°27′48″N 4°45′07″W﻿ / ﻿50.4633°N 4.751935°W﻿ / 50.4633; -4.751935

St Lawrence is a hamlet southwest of Bodmin, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. From the Middle Ages until 1805 St Lawrence was the site of a lazar house (an institution for lepers). In 1805 its revenues were transferred to the Truro Infirmary.
Foreplay
Foreplay is a set of 
emotionally and physically intimate acts between one or more people meant to create sexual arousal and desire for sexual activity. Although foreplay is typically understood as physical sexual activity, nonphysical activities, such as mental or verbal acts, may in some contexts be foreplay. This is typically the reason why foreplay tends to be an ambiguous term and means different things to different people. It can consist of various sexual practices such as kissing, sexual touching, removing clothes, oral sex, manual sex, sexual games, and sexual roleplay.

It serves as a critical phase in sexual encounters that heightens emotional intimacy and physical pleasure, making the sexual experience more fulfilling and satisfying. Foreplay has been found to be positively associated with female orgasm.

Equivocation
In logic, equivocation ("calling two different things by the same name") is an informal fallacy resulting in the failure to define one's terms, or knowingly and deliberately using words in a different sense than the one the audience will understand.

It is a type of ambiguity that stems from a phrase having two or more distinct meanings, not from the grammar or structure of the sentence.
Drammens Elektriske Bane
Drammens Elektriske Bane (lit: Drammens Electric Rail) was a Norwegian company that operated the Drammen trolleybus between December 15, 1909 and April 30, 1916. The company was started by M. Magnus, Otto Aubert and Olaf Berger in 1908 and built the initial 7.7 km of trolleybus line in Drammen with a capital of NOK 140,000. The company had good economy until World War I when the company ran into great economic problems. They initially tried to solve the problem by increasing the ticket price from 10 øre to 15 øre and a 25% discount on electricity from the municipality, but could not meet their obligations. The remains of the company were taken over by A/S Trikken.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Joe Ploski
Joseph Henry Ploski (April 16, 1904 – May 17, 1993) was a Polish-born American film and television actor. He was known for his appearance in the 1953 film Stalag 17, starring William Holden, Don Taylor, and Otto Preminger.

Tales of Wells Fargo
Tales of Wells Fargo is an American Western television series starring Dale Robertson in 201 episodes that aired from 1957 to 1962 on NBC. Produced by Revue Productions, the series aired in a half-hour format until its final season, when it expanded to a full hour and switched from black-and-white to color.
Interocean Shipping Company
Interocean Shipping Company, Interocean Steamship Company of San Francisco was a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel Company founded in the late 1930s and closed in 1986.

During World War II Interocean Shipping Company operated Merchant navy ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II Interocean Shipping Company was active with charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration.Interocean Shipping Company operated Liberty ships and Victory ships for the merchant navy. The ship was run by its Interocean Shipping Company crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio.

United States Navy Armed Guard
The US Navy Armed Guard was a force of United States Navy gunners and related personnel established during World War II to protect U.S. merchant shipping from enemy attack.  A shortage of escort vessels to provide unarmed merchant vessels with adequate protection shifted the burden to onboard crews to help counter the constant danger presented by Axis submarines, surface raiders, fighter aircraft and bombers.   The NAG was headquartered in New Orleans, and had three training centers, at Norfolk, Virginia; San Diego, California; and Gulfport, Mississippi.  At the end of the war, there were 144,857 men serving in the Navy Armed Guard on 6,200 ships.
2010 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy
The 2010 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 18th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy for women.  It was held between 10–18 July 2010 in Nottingham, England.

Argentina won the tournament for the fourth time after defeating the Netherlands 4–2 in the final.

Germany women's national field hockey team
The Germany women's national field hockey team has represented the unified Germany since 1991.

The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, by defeating the Netherlands in the final.
Sant Ram Sharma
Pandit Sant Ram , commonly known as simply Sant Ram, was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Baijnath constituency first in the 1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress. Sant Ram was re-elected in the 1977, 1982, 1985, 1993, and 1998 legislative elections. He also served as a senior cabinet minister in the Himachal Pradesh Government under Chief Minister Virbhadra Singh, and as president of the Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee. Shri Sant Ram died on 30 June 1998. Shri Dulo Ram was elected from Baijnath in the following by-election. His son, Sudhir Sharma, was born in 1972 and has served as both a minister in the Himachal Pradesh government, and as the MLA for Dharamshala Assembly constituency. Sharma is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The seat of the Assembly is at Shimla, the capital of the state. There are 68 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
Meallan Liath Coire Mhic Dhùghaill
Meallan Liath Coire Mhic Dhughaill (801 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands, Scotland. It lies in the far north of Scotland between Lairg and Durness in Sutherland.

Meallan Liath Coire Mhic Dhughaill is the hill with the longest name in Scotland.

Durness
Durness (Scottish Gaelic: Diùranais) is a village and civil parish in the north-west Highlands of Scotland. It lies on the north coast of the country in the traditional county of Sutherland, around 120 miles (190 kilometres) north of Inverness. The area is remote, and the parish is huge and sparsely populated, covering an area from east of Loch Eriboll to Cape Wrath, the most northwesterly point of the Scottish mainland.

The population is dispersed and includes a number of townships including Kempie, Eriboll, Laid, Rispond, Sangobeg, Leirinmore, Smoo, Sangomore, Durine, Balnakeil and Keoldale.
Ângela Moraes
Ângela Moraes (born 15 October 1972) is a Brazilian former volleyball player, who played as a middle blocker.

Moraes was part of the Brazil women's national volleyball team at the 1999 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup, 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany.

On club level she played with Minas Tênis Clube.

2002 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship was the fourteenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 15 September 2002 in Berlin, Bremen, Dresden, Münster, Schwerin, Riesa, Leipzig, and Stuttgart, Germany. The tournament saw the discontinuation of Cuba's historic eight consecutive world titles, as the team finished fifth after being eliminated by the United States in the quarterfinals.
Mark Miller (quarterback, born 1962)
Mark Allen Miller (born November 6, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado Mesa Mavericks.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
KRXL
KRXL is the regional Rock/Classic rock radio station in the Kirksville, Missouri area.  KRXL's primary audience is in the Kirksville/Ottumwa area, however their signal can reach places as far as Keokuk, Iowa, Quincy, Illinois, Chillicothe, Missouri, and Moberly, Missouri.
Time Warp with Bill St. James is heard Sundays 7am - 11am

Ottumwa, Iowa
Ottumwa (/əˈtʌmwə/ ə-TUM-wə) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County, Iowa, United States. The population was 25,529 at the time of the 2020 U.S. census. Located in the state's southeastern section, the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River.

The original town was founded on the former camps of Meskwaki Chiefs Wapello and Appanoose. Ottumwa first developed as an industrious city economically based in farm-equipment manufacturing and meatpacking, those being John Deere and John Morrell & Co. (now JBS) respectively. The city is also home to Indian Hills Community College to provide for higher education. Ottumwa is the center of the Ottumwa Micropolitan Area which includes all of Wapello and Davis counties.
Rivière du Tombeau
Rivière du Tombeau is a river in northwestern Mauritius. Its source is on the slopes of Pieter Both Mountain, from where it flows north and then west for a total of 16 kilometres, reaching the Indian Ocean at Baie-du-Tombeau, north of the capital of Port Louis.

20°06′S 57°31′E﻿ / ﻿20.100°S 57.517°E﻿ / -20.100; 57.517

Port Louis
Port Louis (French: Port-Louis, [pɔʁ lwi] ⓘ; Mauritian Creole: Porlwi, [poːlwi]) is the capital and most populous city of Mauritius, mainly located in the Port Louis District, with a small western part in the Black River District. Port Louis is the country's financial and political centre. It is administered by the Municipal City Council of Port Louis. According to the 2018 census conducted by Statistics Mauritius, the population was 147,066.