hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yass (software)
YASS (Yet Another Similarity Searcher) is a free software, pairwise sequence alignment software  for nucleotide sequences, that is, it can search for similarities between DNA or RNA sequences. YASS accepts nucleotide sequences in either plain text or the FASTA format and the output format includes the BLAST tabular output. YASS uses several transition-constrained spaced seed k-mers, which allow considerably improved sensitivity. YASS can be used locally on a user's machine, or as SaaS on the YASS web server, which produces a browser based dot-plot.

FASTA format
In bioinformatics and biochemistry, the FASTA format is a text-based format for representing either nucleotide sequences or amino acid (protein) sequences, in which nucleotides or amino acids are represented using single-letter codes.

The format allows for sequence names and comments to precede the sequences. It originated from the FASTA software package and has since become a near-universal standard in bioinformatics.

The simplicity of FASTA format makes it easy to manipulate and parse sequences using text-processing tools and scripting languages.
Convolution quotient
In mathematics, a space of convolution quotients is a field of fractions of a convolution  ring of functions: a convolution quotient is to the operation of convolution as a quotient of integers is to multiplication.  The construction of convolution quotients allows easy algebraic representation of the Dirac delta function, integral operator, and differential operator without having to deal directly with integral transforms, which are often subject to technical difficulties with respect to whether they converge.

Integral transform
In mathematics, an integral transform is a type of transform that maps a function from its original function space into another function space via integration, where some of the properties of the original function might be more easily characterized and manipulated than in the original function space. The transformed function can generally be mapped back to the original function space using the inverse transform.
Länsiväylä (newspaper)
Länsiväylä is a Finnish language free newspaper published twice a week in the cities of Espoo, Kauniainen and Kirkkonummi in southern Finland, on Wednesdays and weekends. The total readership of Länsiväylä numbers 136 thousand. The print newspaper has 121 thousand readers, the combined print and digital newspaper has nine thousand and the digital newspaper has 15 thousand.

Länsiväylä is published by Etelä-Suomen Media which is part of the Keskisuomalainen concern. The newspaper is printed at SLY-Lehtipainot. Sister magazines in the capital area include Helsingin Uutiset, Nurmijärven Uutiset and Vantaan Sanomat.

Kirkkonummi
Kirkkonummi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkirkːoˌnumːi]; Swedish: Kyrkslätt, Finland Swedish: [ˈtɕyrːkslet] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [ˈɕʏ̂rːkslɛt]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Kirkkonummi is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Kirkkonummi is approximately 42,000. It is the 28th most populous municipality in Finland. Kirkkonummi is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Kirkkonummi is situated on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland and borders Espoo, Vihti, Siuntio and Ingå. The literal translation of the Finnish name "Kirkkonummi" into English is “church heath”; the Swedish name "Kyrkslätt" translates to “church plain".

Kirkkonummi is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 73% Finnish speakers, 15% Swedish speakers, and 13% speakers of other languages.
Stare Wyszomierki
Stare Wyszomierki [ˈstarɛ vɨʂɔˈmjɛrki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Nowogard, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 39 km (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see history of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 60.

Goleniów
Goleniów [ɡɔˈlɛɲuf] (Kashubian: Gòłonóg; German: Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,876 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the capital of Goleniów County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6.

The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just east of the town.
Currie Scholarship
The Currie Undergraduate Scholarship (formerly known as the Blake-Kirkpatrick scholarship) is Atlantic Canada's largest undergraduate scholarship, and is awarded to four students each year by the University of New Brunswick. It was established in 2004 by UNB Chancellor Emeritus Richard J. Currie.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Anssi Virkki
Anssi Virkki (born February 9, 1989) is a Finnish ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing with TUTO Hockey in the Finnish Mestis.

Virkki made his SM-liiga debut playing with Lahti Pelicans during the 2011–12 SM-liiga season.

Mestis
Mestis (from Finnish: Mestaruussarja, meaning 'Championship series', stylized as MEST1S) is the second-highest men's ice hockey league in Finland. The league was established by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association in 2000 to replace the I-divisioona ('First Division').

Promotion to the SM-liiga is achievable for a Mestis team if it defeats an SM-liiga club in the qualification series and meets all the criteria established by the SM-liiga. However, Mestis is an open league that allows for relegation and promotion with the third league, Suomi-sarja.

Mestis is also the highest league under the governance of the FIHA.
Danny Webb (motorcyclist)
Daniel Webb (born 22 March 1991 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England) is a British motorcycle racer. For 2021 he competed in the World Supersport Championship until mid-way through the season, then in the British Supersport Championship as a replacement for injured Kyle Smith.

During 2020 he competed in World Supersport for Wepol Racing on a Yamaha R6, after racing in the International Road Race Championship aboard a BMW S1000RR. In 2022 FIM Endurance World Championship he rides for Polish based Wojcik Racing Team in superstock category.

Supersport World Championship
The Supersport World Championship, abbreviated to WorldSSP, is a motorcycle racing competition on hard-surfaced circuits, based on mid-sized sports motorcycles. Competition machines were originally based on production-based motorcycles with 600 cc to 955 cc engines, depending on the number of cylinders. After trials in UK national series British Supersport, from 2022 the regulations have changed to allow eligibility of larger-displacement engines, to reflect the engine sizes being produced and encourage different manufacturers.

The championship runs as a support class to the Superbike World Championship, which is similarly based on large production-based sports motorcycles. The championship, organized and promoted as its parent series by FGSport—renamed Infront Motor Sports in 2008—until 2012 and by Dorna from the 2013 season onwards, is sanctioned by the FIM.
2008 Arctic Winter Games
Approximately 2,000 athletes, coaches, team staff and officials participated in the 2008 Arctic Winter Games in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories in Canada, celebrating the 20th event. The 2008 games took place from March 9 through March 15. Events were held in and around the city of Yellowknife.  This was the fourth time Yellowknife had hosted the games, and the fifth time overall in the Northwest Territories.

Snowshoe
Snowshoes are specialized outdoor gear for walking over snow. Their large footprint spreads the user's weight out and allows them to travel largely on top of rather than through snow. Adjustable bindings attach them to appropriate winter footwear.

Traditional snowshoes have a hardwood frame filled in with rawhide latticework. Modern snowshoes are made of lightweight metal, plastic, and other synthetic materials.

In the past, snowshoes were essential equipment for anyone dependent on travel in deep and frequent snowfall, such as  fur trappers. They retain that role in areas where motorized vehicles cannot reach or are inconvenient to use. However, their greatest contemporary use is for recreation.
GWR 1854 Class
The GWR 1854 Class was a class of 0-6-0T steam locomotives designed by William Dean and constructed at the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway. The class used similar inside frames and chassis dimensions to the 1813 Class of 1882-4. In this they differed from the intervening 1661 Class, which had reverted to the double frames of the Armstrong era. Thus the 1854 Class belongs to the "mainstream" of GWR 0-6-0T classes that leads towards the larger GWR pannier tanks of the 20th century.

William Dean (engineer)
William Dean (8 January 1840 – 24 September 1905) was an English railway engineer. He was the second son of Henry Dean, who was the manager of the Hawes Soap Factory in New Cross, London. William was educated at the Haberdashers' Company School. He became the Chief Locomotive Engineer for the Great Western Railway from 1877, when he succeeded Joseph Armstrong. He retired from the post in 1902 and was replaced by George Jackson Churchward. He designed famous steam locomotive classes such as the Duke Class, the Bulldog Class and the long-lived 2301 Class.
Quasi-isodynamic stellarator
A quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator is a type of stellarator (a magnetic confinement fusion reactor) that satisfies the property of omnigeneity, avoids the potentially hazardous toroidal bootstrap current, and has minimal neoclassical transport in the collisionless regime.

Wendelstein 7-X, the largest stellarator in the world, was designed to be roughly quasi-isodynamic (QI).

In contrast to quasi-symmetric fields, exactly QI fields on flux surfaces cannot be expressed analytically. However, it has been shown that nearly-exact QI can be extremely well approximated through mathematical optimization, and that the resulting fields enjoy the aforementioned properties.

In a QI field, level curves of the magnetic field strength  on a flux surface close poloidally (the short way around the torus), and not toroidally (the long way around), causing the stellarator to resemble a series of linked magnetic mirrors.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Decadienoic acid
Decadienoic acid is any mono-carboxylic acid with an unbranched chain of ten carbon atoms, connected by seven single bonds and two double bonds. That is, any compound with formula HO(O=)C–(CH2)x–CH=CH–(CH2)y–CH=CH–(–CH2)z–H where x, y, and z can be zero or more, and x+y+z = 5 (72 isomers); or HO(O=)C–(CH2)r–CH=C=CH–(CH2)s–H where r + s = 6 (15 isomers). All these compounds have the formula C10H16O2.  A salt or ester of such an acid is called a decadienoate.

These compounds are unsaturated fatty acids, although they are rarely found in natural lipids (fats, waxes, phospholipids, etc.).

Unsaturated fat
An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain, which makes the fatty acid chain, which is basically a chain of hydrocarbons, an alkene. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond.

A saturated fat has no carbon-to-carbon double bonds, so the maximum possible number of hydrogen is bonded to carbon, and thus, is considered to be "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. To form carbon-to-carbon double bonds, hydrogen atoms are removed from the carbon chain. In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation.
Australian Bushland Symphony
Australian Bushland Symphony is a 1949 documentary directed by Academy award-winning documentarian Ken G. Hall. The documentary presents a study of the native birds and animals inhabiting Australia, in their natural state.

Hall had previously used the concept of a "bushland symphony" in his 1932 film, On Our Selection.

The film was sold to US television. The documentary is also referred to as "Bushland Symphony".

On Our Selection (1932 film)
On Our Selection (titled in the UK as Down On the Farm) is a 1932 comedy based on the Dad and Dave stories by Steele Rudd. These had been turned into a popular play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan in 1912, which formed the basis for the screenplay. Bailey repeats his stage role as Dad Rudd. He also wrote the script with director Ken G. Hall.

The movie was one of the most popular Australian films of all time.
West Yorkshire Built-up Area
The West Yorkshire Built-up Area, previously known as the West Yorkshire Urban Area, is a term used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to refer to a conurbation in West Yorkshire, England, based on the cities of Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield, and the large towns of Huddersfield and Halifax. It is the fourth largest urban area in the United Kingdom. However, it excludes other towns and villages such as Featherstone, Normanton, Castleford, Pontefract, Hemsworth, Todmorden, Hebden Bridge, Knottingley, Wetherby and Garforth which, though part of the county of West Yorkshire, are considered independently. There are substantial areas of agricultural land within the designated area – more than in any other official urban area in England – many of the towns and cities are only just connected by narrow outlying strips of development.

Hemsworth
Hemsworth is a town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire it had a population of 13,311 at the 2001 census, with it increasing to 13,533 at the 2011 Census. The town lies 7½ miles from Barnsley, 7 miles from Pontefract and 9 miles from Wakefield.
The Black Orchid (film)
The Black Orchid is a 1959 American drama film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Sophia Loren and Anthony Quinn. Supporting actors include Peter Mark Richman, Virginia Vincent, Frank Puglia, Jimmy Baird, Naomi Stevens, Whit Bissell and Ina Balin.

Frank Puglia
Francesco Giuseppe "Frank" Puglia (9 March 1892 – 25 October 1975) was an Italian actor. He had small, but memorable roles in films including Casablanca (a Moroccan rug merchant), Now, Voyager and The Jungle Book.
Pleurodema borellii
Pleurodema borellii (common name: rufous four-eyed frog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia. The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, and it may be a junior synonym of Pleurodema cinerea. It is abundant in Argentina, occurring in the Chaco-Yungas transition and montane grasslands on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Reproduction takes place in small permanent and temporary pools where pairs build floating foam nests. It is also found in disturbed habitats, including urban areas. No major threats to this species have been identified.

Yungas
The Yungas (Aymara yunka; 'warm or temperate Andes or earth', Quechua yunka; 'warm area on the slopes of the Andes') is a bioregion of a narrow band of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru and Bolivia, and extends into Northwest Argentina at the slope of the Andes pre-cordillera. It is a transitional zone between the Andean highlands and the eastern forests. Like the surrounding areas, the Yungas belong to the Neotropical realm; the climate is rainy, humid, and warm.
German submarine U-3031
German submarine U-3031 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 30 October 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1190. She was launched on 6 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Sach on 28 February 1945.

AG Weser
Aktien-Gesellschaft "Weser" (abbreviated A.G. "Weser") was one of the major  German shipbuilding companies, located at the Weser River in Bremen. Founded in 1872 it was finally closed in 1983. All together, A.G. „Weser" built about 1,400 ships of different types, including many warships. A.G. „Weser" was the leading company in the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, a cooperation of eight German shipbuilding companies between 1926 and 1945.
Warfield Complex, Hubner, and T Buildings
Warfield Complex, Hubner, and T Buildings is a national historic district located at Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland, United States.  It comprises the historic core of the women's facility at Springfield State Hospital, a public mental institution.  It was developed over the period 1898–1939.  The complex comprises 16 contributing resources unified by a consistently high level of architectural elaboration in the Georgian and Colonial Revival style.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Carroll County, Maryland
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 172,891. Its county seat is Westminster. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Carroll County is included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. While predominantly rural, southern areas of the county have become increasingly suburban in recent years.
Bagoran
Bagoran also spelled as Baghoran is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) away from postal head office Mukandpur, 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) from Banga, 16.8 kilometres (10.4 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 92.5 kilometres (57.5 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Banga, India
Banga is a town and Municipal council in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. Banga is also one of the sub-division (tehsil) headquarters of the district. Banga is located on Phagwara-Rupnagar section of National Highway 344A (Earlier State Highway 18 of Punjab). It is currently estimated to have a population of about 23,000 and is classified as a class 2 Municipality. The town also incorporates the former village of Jindowal apart from Banga town.
Städtebahn Sachsen
The Städtebahn Sachsen was a railway company that operated regional train services in Saxony, Germany by order of Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe. Städtebahn was a subsidiary of Nordbayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft (NBE) and started its operations in 2010.

On 25 July 2019, Städtebahn ceased all its services due to financial difficulties, resulting in the leasing contract of the rolling stock being terminated by the rolling stock owner. After 72 hours of no trains, Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe terminated the contract with Städtebahn to operate regional trains (due to run until 2024), and Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn took over.

Děčín–Dresden-Neustadt railway
The Děčín–Dresden railway, also called the Elbe Valley Railway (German: Elbtalbahn) is an electrified main line in Saxony and the Czech Republic. Formerly called the Saxon-Bohemian State Railway (Sächsisch-Böhmische Staatseisenbahn), the line is part of the Dresden to Prague route and is one of Europe's most important trunk routes (Magistralen). It runs along the Elbe Valley from Děčín via Bad Schandau and Pirna to Dresden. The first section of the line was opened in 1848 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.
1911 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1911 Tennessee Volunteers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Tennessee as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1911 college football season. In their first year under head coach Zora Clevenger, the team compiled a 3–4–2 record. Prior to coming to Tennessee, Clevenger coached at Nebraska Wesleyan University.

1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1911 college football season. The season began on September 23.

Edwin Pope's Football's Greatest Coaches notes: "A lightning-swift backfield of Lew Hardage, Wilson Collins, Ammie Sikes, and Ray Morrison pushed Vandy through 1911 with only a 9–8 loss to Michigan." The Atlanta Constitution voted Vanderbilt's the best backfield in the South. Morrison is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilt's long history.

Tulane reapplied for SIAA membership in late 1910, having withdrawn previously.
Quakers in Africa
There are about 180,000 members of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, in Africa. African Friends make up around 49% of Friends internationally, the largest proportion on any one continent. Kenya has the largest number of Quakers in a single nation—about 119,000 in the year 2017 (according to the Friends World Committee for Consultation). The three main denominations of Friends, Friends United Meeting, Friends General Conference, and Evangelical Friends Church International, all have affiliated Yearly Meetings (associations) in Africa. There are also independent meetings in several African nations.

Britain Yearly Meeting
The Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Britain, also known as Britain Yearly Meeting (and, until 1995, London Yearly Meeting), is a Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.  It is the national organisation of Quakers living in Britain. Britain Yearly Meeting refers to both the religious gathering and the organisation. "Yearly Meeting", or "Yearly Meeting Gathering" are usually the names given to the annual gathering of British Quakers. Quakers in Britain is the name the organisation is commonly known by.