hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Propaganda in Russia
The propaganda of the Russian Federation promotes views, perceptions or agendas of the government. The media include state-run outlets and online technologies, and may involve using "Soviet-style 'active measures' as an element of modern Russian 'political warfare'". Notably, contemporary Russian propaganda  promotes the cult of personality of Vladimir Putin and positive views of Soviet history. Russia has established a number of organizations, such as the Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests (active 2009-2012), the Russian web brigades, and others that engage in political propaganda to promote the views of the Russian government.

Cult of personality
A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader, is the result of an effort to create an idealized and heroic image of an admirable leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.

Historically, it has been developed through techniques such as the manipulation of the mass media, the dissemination of propaganda, the staging of spectacles, the manipulation of the arts, the instilling of patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies. A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis (deification), except that it is established through the use of modern social engineering techniques, and it is usually established by the state or the party in one-party states and dominant-party states. Cults of personality often accompany the leaders of totalitarian or authoritarian governments. They can also be found in some monarchies, theocracies, failed democracies, and liberal democracies.
Edwin O. Keeler
Edwin Olmstead Keeler (January 12, 1846 in Ridgefield – December 4, 1923) was an American banker and Republican Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut from 1901 to 1903.

He had previously served as the first mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut from 1893 to 1894. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1893 to 1896, and was a member of the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District from 1897 to 1900. He served as President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate. He served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention from Connecticut in 1896.

Connecticut's 12th State Senate district
Connecticut's 12th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. The district consists of the towns of Branford, North Branford, Durham, Guilford, Killingworth, and Madison.  Its current senator is Christine Cohen.

The district boundaries established after the 2010 census are the same as those established after the 2000 census.
Trick My Truck
Trick My Truck is an American reality television program that premiered on February 3, 2006, on CMT. It is a spinoff of the MTV series Pimp My Ride. Created by Varuna Films, the series features a group of truck mechanics who overhaul trucks of "deserving" owners in response to letters and calls from the owner's relatives and/or friends.

CMT (American TV channel)
Country Music Television, often abbreviated to CMT, is an American pay TV network that launched on March 5, 1983. It is currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through the MTV Entertainment Group unit of its networks division. CMT was the first nationally available channel devoted to country music and country music videos, with its programming also including concerts, specials, and biographies of country music stars.

Over time, the network's programming expanded to incorporate original lifestyle and reality programming, and acquired sitcoms. As of December 2023, CMT is available to approximately 56 million pay television households in the United States; down from its 2011 peak of 93 million households. The channel's headquarters are located at the Paramount Pictures lot in Los Angeles, and has additional offices in Nashville, Tennessee.
Kennedy brothers uprising
The Kennedy Brothers uprising, was a provincial insurrection in Argentina in 1932, in which a group of citizens led by three brothers of Irish descent, Eduardo, Roberto and Mario Kennedy took the city of La Paz, Entre Ríos, under a banner of defense of democracy, against the de facto military government of General José Félix Uriburu that had overthrown President of the Nation, Hipólito Yrigoyen, in a coup d'etat on September 6, 1930.

La Paz, Entre Ríos
La Paz is a city in the province of Entre Ríos in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It has about 24,000 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC], and is the head town of the department of the same name.

The city lies in the north-west of the province, on the left-hand (eastern) shore of the Paraná River. It was already settled in the 18th century as a natural port, appearing in maps of the time as Cabayú Cuatiá (the name of a stream that empties into the Paraná at this point). It formally became a city on 1 January 1873.

Like other cities in the area, La Paz has a hot springs complex and takes touristic advantage of its river beaches and the possibility of excellent sport fishing, with access to the Curuzú Chalí Provincial Fish Reserve.
2012–13 Burton Albion F.C. season
The 2012–13 season was Burton Albion's fourth consecutive season in the League Two, having finished 17th in the 2011–12 season. The season marked Gary Rowett's first full season in management with the club, having been appointed on a full-time basis on 11 May. His reign started with the club's first ever League Cup victory with a 5–4 penalty defeat of Sheffield United at Bramall Lane.

2012–13 Football League Cup
The 2012–13 Football League Cup (known as the Capital One Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 53rd season of the Football League Cup, a knock-out competition for the top 92 football clubs played in English football league system. Liverpool were the defending champions, having beaten Cardiff City in the 2012 final. They were knocked out in the fourth round by Swansea City.

The final was won by Swansea by 5–0 against Bradford City at Wembley Stadium on 24 February 2013. Bradford were the first team from the fourth tier of English football to appear in a League Cup final since 1962. Swansea was the first Welsh club to win the League Cup and the first Welsh club to win an English club competition since Cardiff City's 1926–27 FA Cup triumph. Swansea qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League through England's berth by winning the cup.
Things Ain't What They Used to Be (McCoy Tyner album)
Things Ain't What They Used to Be is an album by McCoy Tyner released on the Blue Note label. Like Revelations (1987), it was recorded at Merkin Hall and features solo performances by Tyner, in addition he performs three duets with guitarist John Scofield and two with tenor saxophonist George Adams. The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow states that "the pianist makes every melody sound like a fresh original through his distinctive chord voicings and harmonies. This is a strong effort by one of the best."

McCoy Tyner
Alfred McCoy Tyner (December 11, 1938 – March 6, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet from 1960 to 1965 and his long solo career afterward. He was an NEA Jazz Master and a five-time Grammy Award winner. Tyner has been widely imitated and is one of the most recognizable and influential jazz pianists of all time.
Salt Sermon
The salt sermon was an oration delivered on 17 June 1838 by Sidney Rigdon, then First Counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and frequent spokesman for Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, against church dissenters, including Book of Mormon witnesses Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and John Whitmer, and other leaders including W. W. Phelps. The Salt Sermon is often confused with Rigdon's July 4th oration.

W. W. Phelps (Mormon)
William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 – March 7, 1872) was an American author, composer, politician, and early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. He printed the first edition of the Book of Commandments that became a standard work of the church and wrote numerous hymns, some of which are included in the current hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was at times both close to and at odds with church leadership. He testified against Joseph Smith, providing evidence that helped persuade authorities to arrest Smith. He was excommunicated three times and rejoined the church each time. He was a ghostwriter for Smith. Phelps was called by Smith to serve as assistant president of the church in Missouri and as a member of the Council of Fifty. After Smith's death, Phelps supported Brigham Young during the succession crisis.
Party for Justice and Unity
The Party for Justice and Unity (Albanian: Partia për Drejtësi dhe Unitet, or PDU) was a political party in Albania whose primary aim is promotion of the Cham issue.

The party was created after the 2009 parliamentary elections, in September by two deputies of the Albanian parliament: the sole representative of Party for Justice and Integration, Dashamir Tahiri and Shpëtim Idrizi, a Cham MP of the Socialist Party.

On 17 February 2011 it merged with the Party for Justice and Integration to form the Party for Justice, Integration and Unity.

Shpëtim Idrizi
Shpëtim Idrizi (born 7 July 1967) is the Albanian leader of the Party for Justice, Integration and Unity (PDIU). He is a deputy in the Albanian Parliament.

On 10 December 2012, Idrizi, and Dashamir Tahiri presented to the Parliament of Albania a resolution where PDIU asked from Greece reparations in the amount of 10 Billion Euros for the Expulsion of Cham Albanians.
Bankston (surname)
Bankston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Bankston (1893–1970), American baseball player

Carl L. Bankston (born 1952), American sociologist and writer

Christine Fulwylie-Bankston (1916–1998), American educator and civil rights activist

Kevin Bankston (born 1974), American attorney and activist

King Louie Bankston (1973–2022), American musician

Kris Bankston (born 1999), American basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League

Larry S. Bankston (born 1951), American lawyer and politician

Mark Bankston (fl. 2020s), American lawyer

Michael Bankston (born 1970), American football player

Warren Bankston (born 1947), American football player

Wes Bankston (born 1983), American baseball player

Christine Fulwylie-Bankston
Christine Boaz Jones Fulwylie-Bankston (January 16, 1916 – December 9, 1998) was an American educator, poet, publisher, and civil rights activist. She was inducted into the Florida Women's Hall of Fame in 1998.
Craugastor glaucus
Craugastor glaucus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is endemic to the Chiapas Highlands of southern Mexico.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
Jesse (surname)
Jesse is the surname of:

Eckhard Jesse (born 1948), German political scientist

Edward Jesse (1780–1868), English writer on natural history

John Heneage Jesse (1809–1874), English historian

John John Jesse (born 1969), American painter

Richard Henry Jesse (1853–1921), American educator, president of the University of Missouri

F. Tennyson Jesse (1888–1958), English criminologist, journalist and author

Eckhard Jesse
Eckhard Jesse (born 16 July 1948) is a German political scientist. Born in Wurzen, Saxony, he held the chair for "political systems and political institutions" at the Technical University of Chemnitz from 1993 to 2014. Jesse is one of the best known German political scholars in the field of extremism and terrorism studies. He has also specialized in the study of German political parties and the German political system.

Together with Uwe Backes, director of the Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism, he has edited the Yearbook Extremism & Democracy since 1989; it has become a classic for terrorism scholars. He is one of the founders of the Veldensteiner group on extremism and democracy research. Jesse writes extensively about extremism and political parties in several German newspapers.
Mathias Everard
Mathias Everard, KH (died 1857), was a major-general of Randilestown, County Meath. He was the third son of Thomas Everard of Randilestown, by his wife and cousin, Barbara, daughter of O'Reilly of Ballinlough Castle, and sister of Sir Henry Nugent, was appointed ensign in the 2nd or Queen's, regiment at Gibraltar 28 September 1804, and became lieutenant 21 March 1805. He served as Lieutenant-Governor of British Saint Lucia from 1839 to 1841.

History of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia was inhabited by the Arawak and Kalinago Caribs before European contact in the early 16th century. It was colonized by the British and French in the 17th century and was the subject of several possession changes until 1814, when it was ceded to the British by France for the final time. In 1958, St. Lucia joined the short-lived semi-autonomous West Indies Federation. Saint Lucia was an associated state of the United Kingdom from 1967 to 1979 and then gained full independence on February 22, 1979.
Daniel Willman
Daniel Willman (born 18 March 1975) is a New Zealand former professional tennis player.

Willman played collegiate tennis for the University of Idaho from 1995 to 1998.

On the professional tour, Willman reached a best singles world ranking of 285. He received a wildcard into the main draw of the 2002 Heineken Open and featured in the qualifying draw for the 2003 Australian Open.

Willman competed for the New Zealand Davis Cup team in two ties in 2002, which included a doubles rubber against India's Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes.

Since retiring he has worked as a tennis coach and co founded sports apparel company Athletic DNA.

Mahesh Bhupathi
Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born 7 June 1974) is an Indian former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a major tournament (with Rika Hiraki). With his win at the 2006 Australian Open mixed doubles, he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. He is also the founder of International Premier Tennis League. In December 2016, Bhupathi was appointed as India's next non-playing Davis Cup captain and took over the reins from Anand Amritraj in February 2017.
Grishk District
Grishk District (Pashto: ګرشک ولسوالۍ) (population 114,200), also called Nahri Saraj District (نهر سراج ولسوالۍ), is a district in Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan. Its principal municipality is Grishk (population 48,546). Grishk Dam is located in the district.

Grishk Dam
The Grishk Dam is located on a canal next to the city of Grishk in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. It is a gravity dam with a hydroelectric power plant. About 2.7 mi (4.3 km) to the northeast is the Canal Intake Structure, which provides water from the Helmand River to Grishk Dam.

A 2003 technical journal noted, that the Grishk power plant was commissioned on an irrigation canal in 1945, and had two damaged and obsolete 1.2 megawatt units which would cost US$3 million to repair.
Adamjee Literary Award
Adamjee Literary Award, also known as Adamjee Prize, is a literary award bestowed by the  government of Pakistan. It is presented by the president. The award seeks to recognize those people who have made "meritorious contribution" to the literature of Pakistan. It was first introduced by Pakistan Writers' Guild in 1959. Muhammad Shahidullah served as the permanent chairman of the award.

Muhammad Shahidullah
Muhammad Shahidullah (Bengali: মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ; 10 July 1885 – 13 July 1969) was a Bengali linguist, philologist, educationist, and writer. He played a vital role in Bangladesh's Language movement of 1952. He is primarily credited for being the one to justify why Bengali should be the state language of Pakistan over Urdu.

In 2004, he was ranked number 16 in the BBC's opinion poll Greatest Bengali of all time. According to linguist Pabitra Sarkar, Shahidullah is one of the best scholars of linguistics that South Asia ever produced. A residential hall at Dhaka University has been named after him since 1969.
Moses Kunitz
Moses Kunitz (December 19, 1887 – April 20, 1978) was a Russian-American biochemist who spent most of his career at Rockefeller University. He is best known for a series of experiments in purification and crystallization of proteins, contributing to the determination that enzymes are proteins.

Protein purification
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues, or whole organisms.  Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure, and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest, it must be separated from other components of the cell so that contaminants will not interfere in the examination of the protein of interest's structure and function. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification. Separation steps usually exploit differences in protein size, physico-chemical properties, binding affinity, and biological activity. The pure result may be termed protein isolate.
Jens Michael Lund
Jens Michael Lund (13 January 1872 – 10 March 1943) was a Norwegian lawyer and civil servant.

He was a brother of politician Fredrik Stang Lund, and a more distant relative of Jochum Brinch Lund, founding father Gabriel Lund, politician John Theodor Lund, historian Frederik Macody Lund and painters John Macody Lund and Henrik Lund.

He took the cand.jur. degree in 1897, and was from 1902 a barrister with access to working with Supreme Court cases. He was a public defender and prosecutor in the Supreme Court from 1923. From 1916 to 1920 he served as the first State Conciliator of Norway. He chaired the Labour Council from 1922.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
Magnetococcus marinus
Magnetococcus marinus is a species of Alphaproteobacteria that has the peculiar ability to form a structure called a magnetosome, a membrane-encased, single-magnetic-domain mineral crystal formed by biomineralisation, which allows the cells to orient along the Earth’s geomagnetic field. The Magnetococcus marinus grows chemolithoautotrophically with thiosulfate and chemoorganoheterotrophically on acetate.

It is a basal group in the Alphaproteobacteria.

Primary nutritional groups
Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided according to the sources of energy, electrons, and carbon needed for living, growth, and reproduction. The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds, the source of electrons can be organic or inorganic, and the sources of carbon can also be of organic or inorganic origin..

The terms aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation (substrate-level phosphorylation) do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in particular organisms, such as O2 in aerobic respiration, nitrate (NO−3) or sulfate (SO2−4) in anaerobic respiration, or various metabolic intermediates in fermentation.
Universal one-way hash function
In cryptography a universal one-way hash function (UOWHF, often pronounced "woof") is a type of universal hash function of particular importance to cryptography. UOWHFs are proposed as an alternative to collision-resistant hash functions (CRHFs). CRHFs have a strong collision-resistance property: that it is hard, given randomly chosen hash function parameters, to find any collision of the hash function. In contrast, UOWHFs require that it be hard to find a collision where one preimage is chosen independently of the hash function parameters.  The primitive was suggested by Moni Naor and Moti Yung and is also known as "target collision resistant" hash functions; it was employed to construct general digital signature schemes without trapdoor functions, and also within chosen-ciphertext secure public key encryption schemes.

The UOWHF family contains a finite number of hash functions with each 
having the same probability of being used.

Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, for a function , the image is a relation between inputs and outputs, used in three related ways:

The image of an input value  is the single output value produced by  when passed  . The preimage of an output value  is the set of input values that produce .

More generally, evaluating  at each element of a given subset  of its domain  produces a set, called the "image of  under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset  of the codomain  is the set of all elements of  that map to a member of

The image of the function  is the set of all output values it may produce, that is, the image of . The preimage of  is the preimage of the codomain . Because it always equals  (the domain of ), it is rarely used.

Image and inverse image may also be defined for general binary relations, not just functions.
N. S. Rajkumar
N.S.Rajkumar is a South Indian film producer and distributor. He is mostly known for his regional Kannada language films, namely Myna and Mythri.

He has also received numerous Filmfare, SIIMA and Karnataka State Film awards and nominations for his works in the Kannada film industry.

Karnataka State Film Awards
Karnataka State Film Awards are the most notable and prestigious film awards given for Kannada film industry in Karnataka, India. These are considered the highest awards for Kannada language films. They are given annually by the Government of Karnataka to honor the best talent and to provide encouragement and incentive to the Kannada film industry.

The awards are decided by a committee, headed by a panel of judges. The jury usually consists of eminent film personalities. The awards intend to promote films with artistic value and encourage artists, technicians and producers. The awards are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister of Karnataka.

On 14 November 2016,Chief Minister of Karnataka Siddaramaiah declared that the State Government will present the Karnataka State Film Awards on 24 April, the birthday of thespian Dr. Rajkumar, every year henceforth.
Camillo Vitelli
Camillo Vitelli (c. 1459 – May 1496) was an Italian knight and condottiero of the Vitelli family. He was born in Città di Castello as the son of Niccolò, making him brother to Paolo, Giulio, Giovanni and Vitellozzo. He was also brother-in-law to Giampaolo Baglioni. He became marquess of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi and duke of Gravina in Puglia. In a battle near Lucera he became the first person to use an arquebus on horseback. He died in Circello and was the father of Vitello Vitelli, another condottiero.

Lucera
Lucera (Lucerino: Lucére) is an Italian city of 34,243  inhabitants in the province of Foggia in the region of Apulia, and the seat of the Diocese of Lucera-Troia.

Located upon a flat knoll in the Tavoliere Plains, near the foot of Daunian Mountains, Lucera was the capital of Province of Capitanata and the County of Molise from 1579 until 1806.