hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cystocentesis
Cystocentesis is a veterinary procedure in which a needle is inserted into the urinary bladder  of an animal through the abdominal wall, and a urine sample is taken. Diagnostic cystocentesis is used to collect a urine sample without the risks of bacterial, cellular and debris contamination that other methods have.  Therapeutic cystocentesis may be employed to relieve pressure buildup due to urethral obstruction. Therapeutic cystocentesis is typically a last resort for relief, as a greatly distended bladder is more likely to rupture when punctured. A safer method of emptying the urinary bladder in this condition is by urethral catheterization.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Tatrinote
Tatrinote (Urdu: تیتری نوٹ) is a border village located in the Abbaspur Tehsil of Poonch District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It borders the Poonch district in Jammu and Kashmir, India in the wider disputed Kashmir region. It is situated on the LOC and faces heightened danger during Indian-Pakistani army conflicts. This has led to tragic loss of lives and property for its residents since the partition of Jammu and Kashmir in 1948.

Border town
A border town is a town or city close to the boundary between two countries, states, or regions. Usually the term implies that the nearness to the border is one of the things the place is most famous for. With close proximities to a different country, diverse cultural traditions can have certain influence to the place. Border towns can have highly cosmopolitan communities, a feature they share with port cities, as traveling and trading often go through the town. They can also be flashpoints for international conflicts, especially when the two countries have territorial disputes.
Squalene
Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula C30H50. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection.

Most plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hopanoids in many bacteria.

Squalene is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvants: The Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline adjuvants are called MF59 and AS03, respectively.

Adjuvant
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs. Specifically, the term can refer to:

Adjuvant therapy in cancer management

Analgesic adjuvant in pain management

Immunologic adjuvant in vaccines
Simplenote
Simplenote is a note-taking application with Markdown support. In addition to being accessible via most web browsers, cross-platform apps are available on Android, Linux, Windows, iOS, and macOS.

Simplenote has an externally accessible API, allowing other clients to be written: macOS Dashboard widget DashNote; nvPY, a cross-platform Simplenote client; amongst others. In addition, the macOS program Notational Velocity and the Windows utility ResophNotes can also sync with Simplenote.

Markdown
Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as an easy-to-read markup language. Markdown is widely used for blogging, instant messaging, and large language models, and also used elsewhere in online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files.

The initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and raised unanswered questions, causing implementations to both intentionally and accidentally diverge from the original version. This was addressed in 2014 when long-standing Markdown contributors released CommonMark, an unambiguous specification and test suite for Markdown.
SW Andromedae
SW Andromedae is a variable star in the constellation of Andromeda.  It is classified as an RR Lyrae star, and varies from an apparent magnitude of 10.09 at minimum brightness to a magnitude of 9.14 at maximum brightness with a period of 0.44226 days. It exhibits the Blazhko effect, and its period is decreasing.

The discovery of this star by Annie Jump Cannon was announced in 1907. 461 photographic plates, spanning the time interval from November 14, 1889 through November 16, 1906 were examined, and an initial period of 0.49932 days was derived. SW Andromedae was given its variable star designation in 1907.

Annie Jump Cannon
Annie Jump Cannon (/ˈkænən/; December 11, 1863 – April 13, 1941) was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of the Harvard Classification Scheme, which was the first serious attempt to organize and classify stars based on their temperatures and spectral types. She was nearly deaf throughout her career after 1893, as a result of scarlet fever. She was a suffragist and a member of the National Women's Party.
Tubiflorae
Tubiflorae is a botanical name, meaning "with tubular flowers". It was used in the Engler system (and derived systems such as the Wettstein system) for:

an order in the Sympetalae. This order included such families as Convolvulaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, etc. This order does not correspond closely to any one group in the Cronquist system or in the APG II-system, but the component taxa belong in the Lamiales, Scrophulariales and Solanales of the Cronquist system and the euasterids I of the APG II-system.

a subfamily in the family Compositae (as opposed to the subfamily Liguliflorae).

Note that these days the rules for botanical nomenclature, the ICBN, allow such descriptive botanical names only at a rank above that of family, so that Tubiflorae is allowed as the name of an order, but not as that of a subfamily.

Engler system
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored. His influence is reflected in the use of the terms "Engler School" and "Engler Era". Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, although Engler himself did not think that he was.
Chittaranjan High School
Chittaranjan High School is  located in Chittaranjan, West Bengal, India and it provides education from the primary level up to the Senior Secondary level (i.e. 10+2). The school was established in 1967. It was named after the freedom fighter Chittaranjan Das. Chittaranjan High School is a state run English medium School in West burdwan, West Bengal. It was established in the year 1949.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
University of Nottingham Malaysia
The University of Nottingham Malaysia is a private university branch campus of the University of Nottingham. The university is situated in Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. The university is rated ‘Competitive’ in the SETARA 2025 rating system by the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE). Based on the QS World University Rankings 2026, the university is ranked 97th globally.

The campus is run as a company called The University of Nottingham Malaysia Sdn Bhd (473520-K) with the provost being dual hatted as the CEO. The majority shareholder is Boustead Holdings.

The Malaysia campus was the first campus of a British university in Malaysia and one of the first to open outside Britain thus earning the distinction of the Queen's Awards for Enterprise 2001 and the Queen's Award for Industry (International Trade) 2006.

The University of Nottingham's other overseas campus is located in Ningbo, China.

Boustead Holdings
Boustead Holdings Berhad (BHB) (MYX: 2771) is a Malaysian corporation with over 16,000 employees across more than 90 listed and non-listed companies in Malaysia, Indonesia and the United Kingdom. It is an affiliate of the Malaysian military.

BHB was founded in 1828 as Boustead & Co in Singapore by Edward Boustead, an English businessman. The company was incorporated in 1961, and is currently listed on the Kuala Lumpur stock exchanges.
2025 Mallorca Championships – Doubles
Santiago González and Austin Krajicek defeated defending champion Robert Galloway and his partner Yuki Bhambri in the final, 6–1, 1–6, [15–13] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2025 Mallorca Championships.

Julian Cash and Galloway were the reigning champions, but Cash chose to compete in Eastbourne instead.

Santiago González (tennis)
Santiago González Torre (Latin American Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ɣonˈsales ˈtore]; born 24 February 1983) is a Mexican professional tennis player. His career-high ATP ranking is World No. 7 in doubles, achieved on 13 November 2023. He has won 25 ATP doubles titles. In 2017, he reached the French Open final in doubles along with his partner Donald Young. Additionally, he has reached the finals of four other Grand Slam tournaments in the Mixed category: the 2013 French Open, the 2014 and 2015 US Open, and the 2024 Wimbledon. González represents Mexico at the Davis Cup competition; currently his record is 31–19 as of end of 2023 season. His career-high ranking in singles is No. 155, achieved on 22 May 2006.
The Settler
The Settler (French: L'Abatis) is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Bernard Devlin and Raymond Garceau and released in 1952. The film depicts the history of settlement in the Abitibi region of Quebec.

The film was released both in a French-language version narrated by Jean Sarrazin, and an English-language version narrated by William Greaves.

The film received an honorable mention for the Canadian Film Award for Best Theatrical Short Film at the 6th Canadian Film Awards in 1954.

William Greaves
William Garfield Greaves (October 8, 1926 – August 25, 2014) was an American filmmaker and actor. Trained at the Actors Studio, he worked as a stage and film actor but became disillusioned with the roles available to Black performers, and transitioned into a career a pioneering documentarian at the highest of the civil rights movement. He produced more than 200 documentaries, and wrote and directed more than half of these. He garnered many accolades for his work, including four Emmy nominations.
Nambingué
Nambingué is a village in northern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Ouangolodougou, Ouangolodougou Department, Tchologo Region, Savanes District.

Nambingué was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Tchologo
Tchologo Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Savanes District. The seat of the region is Ferkessédougou and the region's population in the 2021 census was 603,084.

Tchologo Region is currently divided into three departments: Ferkessédougou, Kong, and Ouangolodougou.
Hiram Ramsdell House
The Hiram Ramsdell House, also called the Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house located at High and Perham streets in Farmington, Maine. Built in 1858 by mason Cyrus Ramsdell, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1973.

Octagon house
Octagon houses are eight-sided houses that were popular in the United States and Canada mostly in the 1850s. They are characterized by an octagonal (eight-sided) plan and often feature a flat roof and a veranda that encircles the house. Their unusual shape and appearance, quite different from the ornate pitched-roof houses typical of the period, can generally be traced to the influence of amateur architect and lifestyle pundit Orson Squire Fowler. Although there are other octagonal houses worldwide, the term octagon house usually refers to octagonal houses built in North America during this period, and up to the early 20th century.
Albert Forns i Canal
Albert Forns i Canal (born 8 April 1982 in Granollers) is a journalist, writer and poet from Catalan. Specialised in digital journalism, has worked in cultural institutions like the Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. Forns stands out for having won the Documenta Prize of narrative with his first novel Albert Serra (the novel, not the film-maker), where the author questions some appearances of the contemporary art mixing fiction, journalism and essay, and where also appear other Catalan artists out like Miquel Barceló or Salvador Dalí, and other writers like Enrique Vila-Matas The autumn of 2013 Forns received a scholarship from the Institut Ramon Llull to stay at a writers' residence in the State of New York, to prepare his second novel, Jambalaia, rewarded with First Anagrama Prize for Novels in Catalan language. In 2020 he won the Sant Joan Award for his forthcoming novel Abans de les cinc som a casa.

Institut Ramon Llull
The Institut Ramon Llull (English: Ramon Llull Institute) is a consortium consisting of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government), the Govern de les Illes Balears (Government of the Balearic Islands) and the Ajuntament de Barcelona (Barcelona City Council). Its purpose is to project and disseminate abroad Catalan language and culture in all of its forms of expression. To do this, the Institut Ramon Llull provides support for external relations in the cultural ambit of its member organisations.
Painter of the Berlin Dancing Girl
The Painter of the Berlin Dancing Girl was an Apulian red-figure vase painter, who was active between 430–410 BC. He was named after a calyx krater in the collection of the Antikensammlung Berlin, which depicts a girl dancing to the aulos played by a seated woman.

As one of the first South Italian red-figure painters, he must have been educated in an Attic workshop. His name vase shows influences from the work of the Phiale Painter, who worked in Attica. He and his followers most likely had their workshops in Taras, which is Taranto today.

Apulian vase painting
Apulian vase painting was a regional style of South Italian vase painting from ancient Apulia in southeast Italy. It comprises geometric pottery and red-figure pottery.

The legitimate Iron Age sequel to the Neolithic and Bronze Age culture of Matera and Molfetta has not yet been discovered and the pre-history of Daunia, Peucetia and Messapia begins to take shape as a coherent whole only with the 7th century BCE. Even then our knowledge is almost confined to the pottery, but it offers a rich field for study.
Palace Hotel, Broken Hill
Palace Hotel, originally built as Broken Hill Coffee Palace, is a heritage-listed pub at 227 Argent Street, Broken Hill, City of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It has also been known as the Mario's Hotel and Mario's, and is known for being the location of many of the scenes in the 1994 Australian comedy-drama film  The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999, with the entry expanded in January 2025 to reflect its importance to LGBTQIA+ history.

City of Broken Hill
The City of Broken Hill is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area contains an isolated mining city, Broken Hill, located in the outback of New South Wales and is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. The city is located adjacent to the Silver City and Barrier Highways and the Broken Hill railway line.

As of 2021 the mayor of the City of Broken Hill Council is Cr. Tom Kennedy, an independent politician.
Pierre Hincelin
Pierre Hincelin (or Hencelin; died 15 June 1695) was a French soldier who was the King's Lieutenant on Guadeloupe. He fought on Antigua in 1666 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He was governor of Guadeloupe from 1677 to 1694. The Nine Years' War broke out in 1688 and Guadeloupe was invaded by the English in 1691. The French defenders were outnumbered and retreated, but the effect of disease, heavy rain and the arrival of French reinforcements led to the English leaving after a few weeks.

Marie-Galante
15°56′N 61°16′W﻿ / ﻿15.933°N 61.267°W﻿ / 15.933; -61.267

Marie-Galante (French pronunciation: [maʁi ɡalɑ̃t], Antillean Creole: Mawigalant or Marigalant) is one of the dependencies of Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France. Marie-Galante has a land area of 158.1 km2 (61.0 square miles). It had 11,528 inhabitants at the start of 2013, but by the start of 2018 the total was officially estimated to be 10,655, with a population density of 62.5/km2 (162/sq mi).
Arsenic Lullaby
Arsenic Lullaby is a sporadically produced, self-published comic book series, written and illustrated by Douglas Paszkiewicz. The writing style combines horror and taboo subjects with humor and satire.

Arsenic Lullaby was translated by Greek publisher, Jemma Press where it was nominated for the Comicdom Award. The illustrated work was also nominated for the 2009, Eisner Award for Best Humor Publication, as well as, the Harvey Award.

There have been five spin-off series written: Laughter of the Damned (3 issues), Misery A Go Go (1 issue), Arsenic Lullabies (2 issues), The Thousand Deaths of Baron Von Donut (1 issue), and Arsenic Lullaby Pulp Edition, in magazine-sized format.

A 2014, Kickstarter campaign raised money for a collection; it was eventually fulfilled in 2018.

Arsenic Lullaby also had a story animated in Comedy Central's, TripTank.

TripTank
TripTank is an American adult animated sketch comedy television series which premiered April 2, 2014 on Comedy Central. The show is made up of various sketches, portrayed by multiple animation styles created by many different animators and writers. Although no direct correlation exists between the different stories, a continued theme of dark satire prevails throughout.

Voicing talent includes Carlos Alazraqui, Bill Oakley, Wayne Brady, Bob Odenkirk, Curtis Armstrong, Nat Faxon, Tom Kenny, Aries Spears, Rachel Butera, Larry David, Yotam Perel, Rob Yulfo, Zach Galifianakis, Kumail Nanjiani, Brett Gelman, Kyle Kinane, John DiMaggio, Duncan Trussell, Joey Diaz, Niecy Nash, among others.

On July 18, 2016, the series was cancelled after two seasons.
Women's Freedom Association
The Women’s Freedom Association (Persian: انجمن حریت نسوان) was formed in 1907 with the discussions and plans of a number of women and men intellectuals of the Constitutional Movement, and its meetings focused on the subordinate position of women in Iran.

Eliz Sanasarian
Eliz Sanasarian is an Iranian-American professor of political science at the University of Southern California. She is best known for her expertise and books on ethnic politics and feminism, particularly regarding the Middle East and Iran. Sanasarian joined the faculty in 1985.
Herki (tribe)
Herki, also spelled Harki (Kurdish: Herkî, هەرکی), is a Kurmanji-speaking Kurdish tribe native to the intersection zone between the borders of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. Herki populations exist in Iraq (Kurdistan Region), Iran (West Azerbaijan Province), and in Turkey (Hakkâri Province). The majority of Herkis lived traditionally as nomads who dealt with animal husbandry, the weaving of intricate textiles, and the transportation of goods between countries. Herkis are predominantly Sunni Muslims of Shafi'i jurisprudence.

Kurmanji
Kurmanji (Kurdish: کورمانجی, romanized: Kurmancî, lit. 'Kurdish', pronunciationⓘ), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.

Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of Yazidis. Their sacred book Mishefa Reş and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.

Ethnologue reports that the use of Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
Synsphyronus amplissimus
Synsphyronus amplissimus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Garypidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1987 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet amplissimus (Latin: 'largest') refers to its size relative to its congeners.

Pseudoscorpion
Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida.

Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for ticks or small spiders. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresis, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
Namita
Namita is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Namita Kumari Chaudhary, Nepali politician

Namita Kumari Dali (born 1991), Nepalese footballer

Namita D'souza (born 2003), Indian-born cricketer

Namita Dubey, Indian actress

Namita Gokhale (born 1956), Indian fiction writer, editor, festival director, and publisher

Namita Gupta Wiggers, American expert in the field of contemporary craft, curator, educator, and writer

Namita Mundada (born 1989), Indian politician

Namita Saha, Indian politician

Namita Thapar (born 1977), Indian entrepreneur, business executive, and angel investor

Namita Toppo (born 1995), Indian field hockey player

Namita Waikar, Indian novelist, entrepreneur, and journalist

Namita Gupta Wiggers
Namita Gupta Wiggers is a noted expert in the field of contemporary craft, a curator, educator and a writer based in Portland, Oregon. Her prior experiences as a studio jeweler, video ethnographer/design researcher, and museum educator shape her multidisciplinary thinking and consideration of craft in material, conceptual, and theoretical ways.
64th David di Donatello
The 64th David di Donatello ceremony, presented by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano, was held on 27 March 2019 to honor the best in Italian cinema in 2018. It was hosted by Carlo Conti.

Accademia del Cinema Italiano introduced new categories: David Youth Award, selecting the best film voted by 3,000 Italian high school students and David Audience Award which honored the year's biggest box office hit. It also incorporated the category Best European Film into Best Foreign Film to encompass all films made out of Italy.

The crime drama film Dogman won the most awards of the night with nine, including Best Film. Other winners include On My Skin with four, Call Me by Your Name, Capri-Revolution and Loro with two, and Frontiera, The Invisible Boy: Second Generation, Roma, Santiago, Italia, There's No Place Like Home, and The Vice of Hope with one.

Loro (film)
Loro is a 2018 drama film directed by Paolo Sorrentino, starring Toni Servillo. The film talks about a group of businessmen and politicians—the Loro (Them) from the title—who live and act near to media tycoon and politician Silvio Berlusconi.