hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China Railways NJ2
The NJ2 is a diesel-electric locomotive used by China Railway in the People's Republic of China. Built in Erie, Pennsylvania, it is based on a standard GE Transportation Systems GE Dash 9-44CW and marketed as GE C38AChe.

It was specially customised for high altitude operation on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway route. It is used on the Qingzang Railway that connects Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, in the People's Republic of China.

GE Transportation
GE Transportation is a division of Wabtec. It was known as GE Rail and owned by General Electric until merged into Wabtec on February 25, 2019. The organization manufactures equipment for the railroad, marine, mining, drilling and energy generation industries. The company was founded in 1907. It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while its main manufacturing facility is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. Locomotives are assembled at the Erie plant, while engine manufacturing takes place in Grove City, Pennsylvania. In May 2011, the company announced plans to build a second locomotive factory in Fort Worth, Texas, which opened in January 2013.
Koshibe Station
Koshibe Station (越部駅, Koshibe-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōyodo, Yoshino District,  Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
Arne (river)
The Arne is a former river, possibly originally a tidal creek, on the former island of Walcheren in the Netherlands on which the city of Middelburg was founded. The Arne gave the city access to the Sloe, a confluent of the Westerschelde. Between 1266 and 1301, the Arne was dammed in Middelburg and later the river silted up. Therefore, in 1532 digging commenced on the ca. 3 km long Havenkanaal (Harbour Channel) (opened on the 24th of August 1535), causing Middelburg to again have a navigable connection to the Sloe and the Westerschelde.

Arnemuiden, which lays on the original estuary of the Arne, gets its name from this river.

Tidal creek
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands. Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.
Fernandez reaction
The Fernandez reaction is a reaction that occurs to signal a positive result in the lepromin skin test for leprosy. The reaction occurs in the skin at the site of injection if the body possesses antibodies to the Dharmendra antigen, one of the antigens found in Mycobacterium leprae, the bacteria that causes leprosy. The reaction occurs via a delayed-type hypersensitivity mechanism. This reaction occurs within 48 hours of injection of lepromin and is seen in only tuberculoid forms of leprosy. This represents a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. In contrast, the Mitsuda reaction (delayed granulomatous lesion) occurs 3–4 weeks after injection of lepromin and is only seen in patients with the tuberculoid form of leprosy (not the lepromatous form, in which the body does not mount a strong response against the bacterium). In terms of mechanism of action and appearance, the reaction is similar to the tuberculin reaction of a positive Mantoux test for tuberculosis.

Tuberculin
Tuberculin, known in its modern form as purified protein derivative (PPD), is a combination of proteins that are used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis by injection into the skin.

Common side effects include redness, itchiness (pruritus), and pain at the site of injection. Allergic reactions may occasionally occur. Use is safe in pregnancy.

The original tuberculin, a glycerin extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was discovered in 1890 by Robert Koch. Koch, best known for his work on the etiology (cause, origin) of tuberculosis (TB), laid down various rigorous guidelines that aided the establishment between a pathogen and the specific disease that followed that were later named Koch's postulates. Although he initially believed it would cure tuberculosis, this was later disproved.  PPD was invented in 1934 by Florence Seibert, greatly improving the reliability of the skin test over Koch's extract.

PPD is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Piece table
In computing, a piece table is a data structure typically used to represent a text document while it is edited in a text editor. Initially a reference (or 'span') to the whole of the original file is created, which represents the as yet unchanged file. Subsequent inserts and deletes replace a span by combinations of one, two, or three references to sections of either the original document or to a buffer holding inserted text.

Typically the text of the original document is held in one immutable block, and the text of each subsequent insert is stored in new immutable blocks. Because even deleted text is still included in the piece table, this makes multi-level or unlimited undo easier to implement with a piece table than with alternative data structures such as a gap buffer.

This data structure was invented by J Strother Moore.

Immutable object
In object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object's state appears unchanging from an external point of view. For example, an object that uses memoization to cache the results of expensive computations could still be considered an immutable object.

Strings and other concrete objects are typically expressed as immutable objects to improve readability and runtime efficiency in object-oriented programming. Immutable objects are also useful because they are inherently thread-safe. Other benefits are that they are simpler to understand and reason about and offer higher security than mutable objects.
Robert Zend
Robert Zend (1929 – 1985) was a Hungarian-Canadian poet, fiction writer and a multimedia artist.

Born in Budapest, Zend fled to Canada after the failed Hungarian Uprising of 1956. He took a master's degree in Italian literature from the University of Toronto in 1969, and worked as a producer of Ideas documentaries for CBC Radio.

His poetry collections included From Zero to One (1973), Beyond Labels (1982) and Arbormundi (1982); Oāb, was published in two separate volumes in 1983 and 1985. A short story collection, Daymares: Selected Fictions on Dreams and Time, was published posthumously in 1991.

Zend was part of a trilogy of Toronto poets who published with HMS Press et al. The Three Roberts with Robert Sward and Robert Priest in 1984.

CBC Radio
CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined below.
Tereza Jakschová
Tereza Jakschová (born 1 September 1995) is a Czech Paralympic athlete who competes in international track and field competitions, she was born without her left forearm. She is a two-time European medalist in sprinting events. She has also competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics where she did not medal.

World Para Athletics European Championships
The World Para Athletics European Championships (European Para Athletics Championships), known prior to 2018 as the IPC Athletics European Championships is an event organized by World Para Athletics, the international athletics federation established under the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in 2016. Athletes with a physical disability compete, and there is also a specific category for athletes with an intellectual disability. Organised biennially, the original Games ran from 2003 to 2005 as an Open Championship but the event was frozen in 2005, but returned in 2012 in Stadskanaal, Netherlands.

The first IPC Athletics European Championships was held in Assen, Netherlands in 2003 as an Open Championship.
Philip Krey
Philip D. W. Krey (born 1 May 1950) is the former President of The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia. He was born in Brooklyn, and was ordained a minister of the Lutheran Church in America.

Krey has degrees from the University of Massachusetts Boston, the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, the Catholic University of America and the University of Chicago. He was also a Fulbright Fellow at the University of Munich. Krey's research interests include the history of biblical interpretation, medieval theology, and urban ministry.

Krey is the author of 10 non-fiction books and is now Pastor of St. Andrews Lutheran Church in Perkasie, PA. http://www.standrewsperkasie.org/

University of Massachusetts Boston
The University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) is a public university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The university is a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities and the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system.
Steamboat Mountain School
Steamboat Mountain School, formerly The Lowell Whiteman School, is a small, college preparatory school in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, focused on experiential education, for students in grades K–12.

The school is a coeducational boarding and day school educating roughly 157 students in grades K through 12. It was founded in 1957 and the curriculum emphasizes college preparatory academics, educational experience in the wilderness, global travel, and both recreational and competitive skiing/snowboarding programs.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Snowy (military dog)
Snowy RWP, also known as  Commando Snowy (service number S/080), was a Golden Labrador Retriever who served as a tracking dog for the Sri Lanka Army during the Sri Lankan Civil War. Snowy was attached to the 4th Commando regiment and handled by Lance corporal D. H. P. Sampath.  After serving in various fronts of the war, Snowy was injured by a grenade on 15 March 2008 while tracking an LTTE infiltration unit in Kambilioya, Weli Oya. Snowy received a Rana Wickrama Padakkama medal for his actions, the first dog to receive such an honour in Sri Lankan military history. He died on 24 May 2011 while recuperating from injuries received during a mission.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
John Hopkins Clarke
Rhode Island portal

John Hopkins Clarke (April 1, 1789 – November 23, 1870) was a United States senator from Rhode Island. Born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, he moved to Providence, where he studied under a private teacher. He graduated from Brown University in 1809, studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Providence in 1812. He was clerk of the supreme court of Providence County in 1813 and proprietor of a distillery in Cranston until 1824, when he became a cotton manufacturer in Providence, Pontiac, and Woonsocket. He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1836 to 1842 and 1845 to 1847.

Clarke was elected as a Whig to the US Senate and served from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1853; he resumed his former manufacturing pursuits and died in Providence in 1870. The interment was in the North Burial Ground.

Elizabeth, New Jersey
Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City and Paterson, with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 140,413 for 2024, making it the 201st-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township.
Polish Film Award
The Eagles Polish Film Awards, or The Eagles (Polish: Polskie Nagrody Filmowe Orły, „Orły”) is the national film award of Poland. It has been delivered annually since 1999, with the first event held on 21 June, by the National Chamber of Audiovisual Producers (KIPA). Since 2003 they have been awarded by the Polish Film Academy.

The award ceremony is held under the auspices of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of Poland. Their status in the Polish film industry can be compared with Academy Awards.

The award depicts outstretched eagle's wings attached to a white socle twined by a ribbon which is reminiscent of a film stock. It was designed by Polish sculptor Adam Fedorowicz.

The 26th Polish Film Awards took place on 4 March 2024. Green Border, directed by Agnieszka Holland, was named Best Film.

Green Border
Green Border (Polish: Zielona granica) is a 2023 drama film directed by Agnieszka Holland. The film is written by Holland, Gabriela Łazarkiewicz-Sieczko, and Maciej Pisuk, and stars an ensemble cast that includes Jalal Altawil, Maja Ostaszewska, Behi Djanati Atai, Tomasz Włosok, Mohamad Al Rashi, Dalia Naous, Maciej Stuhr, and Agata Kulesza. It dramatizes the plight of migrants caught in the Belarus–European Union border crisis. The film was an international co-production between companies in Poland, Czech Republic, France, and Belgium.

The film competed for the Golden Lion at the 80th Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Prize. It received positive reviews from critics but was condemned by Polish government officials and by some segments of the wider Polish nation. It was released in Poland on 22 September 2023 by Kino Świat.
Winterbottom
Winterbottom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Archibald Winterbottom (1814–1884), British cotton cloth merchant

George Harold Winterbottom (1861–1934), business magnate

Harold Edward Winterbottom (1879–1953), South Australian businessman

Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom (1913–1992), British politician

Kevin Winterbottom (1955–1976), South African Air Force pilot

Mark Winterbottom (born 1981), racing driver

Michael Winterbottom (academic) (born 1934), English classical scholar

Michael Winterbottom (born 1961), British filmmaker

Oliver Winterbottom, automotive designer

Peter Winterbottom (born 1960), rugby union footballer

Richard Winterbottom (1899–1968), British politician

Thomas Masterman Winterbottom (1766–1859), English physician

Thomas Winterbottom (Lord Mayor of London, 1751-2)

Walter Winterbottom (1913–2002), British football manager

Walter L. Winterbottom (1930-2013), US material scientist noted for the Winterbottom construction

Archibald Winterbottom
Archibald Winterbottom (1814–1884) was a British cotton cloth merchant who is best known for becoming the largest producer of bookcloth and tracing cloth in the world. Bookcloth became the dominant bookbinding material in the early 19th century, which was much cheaper and easier to work with than leather, revolutionising the manufacture and distribution of books.
Armand Pagnoulle
Armand Philippe Hubert Julien Pagnoulle (2 May 1901 – 9 April 1996)  was a Belgian canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936, he and his partner Charles Pasquier finished eighth in the folding K-2 10000 m event.

Pagnoulle was born in Verviers on 2 May 1901. He died in Grez-Doiceau on 9 April 1996 at the age of 94.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Bring You Back
Bring You Back is the debut album by American country music artist Brett Eldredge. It was released on August 6, 2013, by Atlantic Records. The album was originally titled One Way Ticket, and was to include Eldredge's second single "It Ain't Gotta Be Love". However, the album was renamed before release and "It Ain't Gotta Be Love" was scrapped from the final track listing. The album includes the singles "Raymond", "Don't Ya", "Beat of the Music" and "Mean to Me", the latter three of which all reached number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart. The album has gained critical acclaim by music critics.

It Ain't Gotta Be Love
"It Ain't Gotta Be Love" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brett Eldredge. It was released on June 28, 2011 as his second single, but was never included on a studio album. Eldredge wrote the song with Wayd Battle and Ben Daniel. Sometime in 2015, the song was pulled from all music download sites, and is no longer available for download.
Block and ash flow
A block and ash flow or block-and-ash flow is a flowing mixture of volcanic ash and large (>26 cm) angular blocks commonly formed as a result of a gravitational collapse of a lava dome or lava flow. Block and ash flows are a type of pyroclastic flow and as such they form during volcanic eruptions. In contrast to other types of pyroclastic flows, block and ash flows do not contain pumice and the volume of block and ash flow deposits is usually small. Block and ash flow deposits have densities in the range of 1600 to 2000 kg/m3, two to five times greater than ash fall deposits. Some blocks in block and ash flow deposits may have thin and shiny coatings of carbon derived from charcoal formed from vegetation trapped by the flow.

Volcanoes known for their production of block and ash flows since the 1990s include Mount Unzen in Japan, Mount Merapi in Java and Soufrière Hills in the Lesser Antilles.

Boulder
In geology, a boulder (less commonly spelled bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than 25.6 cm (10.1 in) in diameter. Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive. In common usage, a boulder is too large for a person to move. Smaller boulders are usually just called rocks or stones.
2019 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
The 2019 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament took place from May 22 to 25. The top seven regular season finishers of the league's twelve teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Jim Houlihan Park at Jack Coffey Field, the home field of Fordham in The Bronx. The winner, Fordham, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was a tournament of 64-teams to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I national champion for the 2019 season. The 73rd annual edition of the tournament began on May 31, 2019, and concluded with the 2019 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, which started on June 15 and ended on June 26.

Summit League champion Omaha made their first appearance in the tournament.

As a result of a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019 and subsequently forced the cancellation of the remainder of the 2020 season and tournament, this would be the last tournament held until 2021.
Thulinverken
AB Thulinverken was a company in Landskrona, Sweden, founded in 1914 as Enoch Thulins Aeroplanfabrik by the airman and aircraft designer Dr. Enoch Thulin. The company became Sweden's first aircraft manufacturer. In 1920, Thulin also started manufacturing automobiles, which continued until 1928. During World War I, the company came into financial difficulties and was reconstructed in 1922 as AB Thulinverken. The manufacturing of brake systems became a main focus of the company. In 1958, Thulinverken merged with Svenska AB Bromsregulator (founded in 1913). The remains of Thulinverken are now a part of SAB Wabco AB, which is owned by the French Faiveley Transport company since 2004.

Landskrona
Landskrona is a town in Scania, Sweden. Located on the shores of the Öresund, it occupies a natural port, which has lent the town at first military and subsequent commercial significance.  Ferries operate from Landskrona to the island of Ven, and for many years there was also a connection to Copenhagen. Landskrona is part of the Øresund region.

It is the seat of Landskrona Municipality. Landskrona is also the name of a district in Landskrona Municipality which is slightly smaller than the urban area.
Tibidabo Amusement Park
Tibidabo Amusement Park (Catalan: Parc d'Atraccions Tibidabo) is an amusement park located on Tibidabo in the Collserola Ridge in Barcelona. The park was built in 1899 by the entrepreneur Salvador Andreu and opened in 1905. The park is among the oldest in the world still functioning. It is Spain's longest running amusement park. Most of the original rides, some of which date to the turn of the 20th century, are still in use. The park is now owned by the Barcelona City Council.

Fabbri Group
Fabbri Group is an Italian amusement rides manufacturer based in Calto, Italy. They are known for producing a number staple attractions for both amusement parks and funfairs, such as the Booster and the Kamikaze Explorer.