hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Snow Country
Snow Country (雪国, Yukiguni; IPA: [jɯkiꜜɡɯɲi]) is a novel by the Japanese author Yasunari Kawabata. The novel is considered a classic work of Japanese literature and was among the three novels the Nobel Committee cited in 1968, when Kawabata was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Valine–tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a valine–tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + L-valine + tRNAVal  AMP + diphosphate + L-valyl-tRNAVal

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-valine, and tRNAVal, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-valyl-tRNAVal.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-valine:tRNAVal ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include valyl-tRNA synthetase, valyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, valyl-transfer RNA synthetase, valyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, valine transfer ribonucleate ligase, and valine translase.  This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
National Monuments of Zimbabwe
The National Monuments of Zimbabwe are protected and promoted in accordance with the National Museums and Monuments Act 1972. This law replaced the colonial-era Monuments and Relics Act 1936, which in turn replaced the 1902 Ancient Monuments Protection Ordinance and 1912 Bushmen Relics Ordinance. The National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ) is the body responsible for maintaining the Archaeological Survey, the national inventory of monuments and sites. In April 2000 there were approximately 14,000 entries on the Archaeological Survey, of which 118 were National Monuments (including natural, cultural, and mixed sites). 79 National Monuments had been declared under the old system by 1954. By 1980, the register had grown to over 3,000 sites and 169 declared monuments.

Colonial history of Southern Rhodesia
The colonial history of Southern Rhodesia is considered to be a time period from the British government's establishment of the government of Southern Rhodesia on 1 October 1923, to Prime Minister Ian Smith's unilateral declaration of independence in 1965. The territory of 'Southern Rhodesia' was originally referred to as 'South Zambezia' but the name 'Rhodesia' came into use in 1895. The designation 'Southern' was adopted in 1901 and dropped from normal usage in 1964 on the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and Rhodesia became the name of the country until the creation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. Legally, from the British perspective, the name Southern Rhodesia continued to be used until 18 April 1980, when the name Republic of Zimbabwe was formally proclaimed.
Connie Tan Hooi Peng
Connie Tan Hooi Peng (simplified Chinese: 陈汇萍; traditional Chinese: 陳匯萍; pinyin: Chén Huìpíng; born 15 December 1990) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Seri Delima since August 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.

Seri Delima
Seri Delima is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly since 2004. It covers parts of Gelugor, a suburb of George Town, as well as the affluent neighbourhood of Green Lane.

The state constituency was first contested in 2004 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Seri Delima is Syerleena Abdul Rashid from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).
Lyons Groups of Galaxies
Lyons Groups of Galaxies (or LGG) is an astronomical catalog of nearby groups of galaxies complete to a limiting apparent magnitude B0=14.0 with a recession velocity smaller than 5,500 km/s. The catalogue was obtained from the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database. Two methods were used in group construction: a percolation method derived from Huchra and Geller  and a hierarchical method initiated by R. Brent Tully. The catalog is a synthesized version of the two results.

The LGG includes 485 groups and 3,933 member galaxies.

Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database
The Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database (LEDA) was a database of galaxies, created in 1983 at the Lyon Observatory. Each galaxy had a number assigned to it, which is now known as its PGC number. The Principal Galaxies Catalogue (PGC), published in 1989, was based on the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database and contained cross-identifications for it. LEDA was eventually merged with Hypercat to become HyperLEDA in 2000, itself also known as PGC2003. LEDA originally contained information on more than 60 parameters for about 100,000 galaxies, and now contains information on over 3 million celestial objects, of which about 1.5 million are galaxies. The database allows astronomers around the world access to its information.
Whitney Mallett
Whitney Mallett is an American writer, editor, and publisher based in New York City. She is the founder and editor-in-chief of The Whitney Review of New Writing, a biannual broadsheet known for short-form criticism, intergenerational conversations and interviews, and cross-disciplinary literary events. Mallett is the co-editor of Barbie Dreamhouse: An Architectural Survey and author of Smutburger's Deliverance. Her writing has appeared in publications such as Architectural Digest, Artforum, BOMB, Cultured, Document Journal, The Los Angeles Review of Books, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Paper, PIN-UP, amongst others, and she previously co-ran the feminist arts platform Topical Cream.

Architectural Digest
Architectural Digest  (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly magazine founded in 1920. Its principal subjects are interior design and landscaping, rather than pure external architecture. The magazine is published by Condé Nast, which also publishes international editions of Architectural Digest in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico/Latin America, the Middle East, Poland, and Spain.

Architectural Digest is aimed at an affluent and style-conscious readership, and is subtitled "The International Design Authority." The magazine releases the annual AD100 list, which recognizes the most influential interior designers and architects around the world.
AS-201
AS-201 (Also known as SA-201, Apollo 1-A, or Apollo 1 prior to the 1967 pad fire, flown February 26, 1966, was the first uncrewed test flight of an entire production Block I Apollo command and service module and the Saturn IB launch vehicle. The spacecraft consisted of the second Block I command module and the first Block I service module. The suborbital flight was a partially successful demonstration of the service propulsion system and the reaction control systems of both modules, and successfully demonstrated the capability of the command module's heat shield to survive re-entry from low Earth orbit.

Reaction control system
A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system that uses thrusters to provide attitude control and translation. Alternatively, reaction wheels can be used for attitude control, rather than RCS. Use of diverted engine thrust to provide stable attitude control of a short-or-vertical takeoff and landing aircraft below conventional winged flight speeds, such as with the Harrier "jump jet", may also be referred to as a reaction control system.

Reaction control systems are capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw).

Reaction control systems often use combinations of large and small (vernier) thrusters, to allow different levels of response.
Transition metal arene complex
Metal arene complexes are organometallic compounds of the formula (C6R6)xMLy. Common classes are of the type (C6R6)ML3 and (C6R6)2M. These compounds are reagents in inorganic and organic synthesis. The principles that describe arene complexes extend to related organic ligands such as many heterocycles (e.g. thiophene) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (e.g. naphthalene).

Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Azreen Nabila Alias
Azreen Nabila binti Alias (born 29 June 2000) is a Malaysian athlete.

She competed at the Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres. She stated going into the event her goal was to break her personal best of 11.81 seconds which she set winning the 2018 Malaysia Games. She achieved this, running 11.77 seconds and qualifying second from her preliminary heat to reach the first round.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 30 and 31 July 2021 at the Japan National Stadium. 71 athletes from 55 nations competed at the event.

The defending champion, Elaine Thompson-Herah, won the event in 10.61 secs, to break Florence Griffith Joyner's 33-year-old Olympic record. This was her third Olympic gold medal. The silver medal went to  2016 bronze medalist and the 2008 and 2012 champion in this event, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, while Shericka Jackson won the bronze medal, completing the podium sweep for Jamaica. The winning margin was 0.13 seconds. The winner had the sixth fastest reaction time in the final.
Steven Willis
Stephen Martin Willis (born 19 September 1969) is a former English cricketer.  Willis was a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Dawlish, Devon.

Willis made his debut for Devon in the 1991 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire.  From 1991 to 1994, he represented the county in 32 Championship matches, the last of which came against Cambridgeshire.  He made his MCCA Knockout Trophy debut for Devon in 1991 against Staffordshire.  From 1991 to 1994, he represented the county in 6 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Lincolnshire.  Willis played List A cricket for Devon at a time when they were permitted to take part in the domestic one-day competition, making his debut in that format in the 1993 NatWest Trophy against Kent.  He played 2 further List A matches in the 1994 NatWest Trophy against Derbyshire and Yorkshire in the 1993 NatWest Trophy.  In his 3 List A matches, he scored 102 runs at a batting average of 34.00, with a high score of 42.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.
National Geographic (Indian TV channel)
National Geographic (also known as Nat Geo) is an Indian pay television channel owned by the National Geographic Global Networks unit of Disney Entertainment and National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (73%) and the National Geographic Society (27%). The distribution and broadcasting within the Indian market is now managed under the JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It mainly telecasts non-fiction, documentaries involving nature, science, culture, and history, produced by the original American network It broadcasts in seven languages (English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali).

A HD version of the channel, National Geographic HD was launched on 20 February 2010.

Disney Star
Disney Star, now JioStar India Private Limited (and formerly Star India), is an Indian media conglomerate joint venture between Disney India, Reliance Industries and the latter's subsidiary Viacom18. On 14 November 2024, Viacom18 merged its assets with Disney India's subsidiary Disney Star to form JioStar. The deal, valued at $8.5 billion, involved the investment of ₹11,000 crore (US$1.3 billion) by Reliance Industries, which left Reliance Industries with a total stake of 63.16%, 16.34% directly and 46.82 percent through Viacom18, with Disney India controlling the remaining 36.84%. It is the largest television and entertainment network in India, operating more than 100 TV channels and a major streaming platform called JioHotstar.
Max Bartel
Max Bartel (1879 – 2 July  1914, Nürnberg) was a German entomologist, who erected the Ischnarctia genus in 1903.

Bartel was an insect dealer (Insektenhändler) in Berlin. He specialised in Lepidoptera. He edited Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte. Band 1. Leipzig, (a monograph on butterflies) with Fritz Rühl and wrote pars Sesiidae in Adalbert Seitz Macrolepidoptera of the World - Bartel, M., 1912.– 24. Familie: Ageriidae (Sesiidae) pp. 375–416, pl. 51–52, In A. Seitz (Ed.), 1906–1913.Gross-Schmett.Erde, 2: 479 pp., 56 pls.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
Songaila
Songaila is the masculine form of a Lithuanian family name. Its feminine forms  are: Songailienė (Samogitian: Songālienė; married woman or widow) and Songailaitė (Samogitian: Songālaitė; unmarried woman). Variants Sungaila or Sungail were mentioned in the Treaty of Königsberg (1390).

There is a place Sungailiškiai in Tauragė District Municipality, Lithuania, named after the surname.

Notable people with the surname include:

Darius Songaila – Lithuanian basketball player

Ringaudas Songaila – high-ranked politician of the Lithuanian SSR

Gintaras Songaila – politician, chairman of the Lithuanian Nationalists Union

Mykolas Songaila – architect

Jonas Sungaila (1398 – after 1433), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Loreta Sungailienė (born 1977), Lithuanian ethnolinguist, folklore performer and TV host

Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.

Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gracefulness, gentleness, empathy, humility, and sensitivity, though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors.
Loyden
Loyden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eddie Loyden (1923–2003), British politician

Eddie Loyden (born 1945), English footballer

Jillian Loyden (born 1985), American soccer player

Eddie Loyden (footballer)
Edward Loyden (22 December 1945 – 5 June 2025) was a footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Blackpool, Chester, Shrewsbury Town, Barnsley and Tranmere Rovers. As a Tranmere player, he is remembered for scoring the goal that defeated Arsenal at Highbury in October 1973.
Kemény Castle (Brâncovenești)
Kemény Castle (Romanian: Castelul Kemény; Hungarian: Kemény-kastély; German: Kemény Schloss), situated at the foot of the Călimani Mountains on the right bank of the Mureș River in Brâncovenești, Mureș County, Romania, is one of the finest examples of Hungarian Renaissance architecture in Transylvania. It was built using the remains of a Roman fortification situated not on the site of today's building but in the adjoining orchard.

The castle is one of the attractions of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail, which passes through Brâncovenești.

Via Transilvanica
Via Transilvanica 'The Transylvanian Trail' is a hiking trail that crosses the Transylvania, Bukovina and Banat regions of Romania, and is meant to promote their cultural, ethnic, historical and natural diversity. It was built between 2018 and 2022, with its design and conception heavily inspired by historical pilgrims' ways and hiking trails, such as The Way of St. James and The Appalachian Trail. Starting at Putna, Suceava County, it stretches over 1,428 kilometres (887 miles), 10 counties of Romania, over 400 communities, and 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites, ending in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinți County. Its motto is "The road that unites".
Tauhinukorokio / Mount Pleasant
Tauhinukorokio / Mount Pleasant (Māori: Tauhinu Korokio), also known just as either Mount Pleasant or Tauhinukorokio individually, is the highest elevation in the eastern Port Hills in Christchurch, New Zealand. It once held a Māori pā, but there was little left of it when European settlers first arrived in the 1840s. The hill was first used as a sheep run, and became the base trig station for the survey of Canterbury. It was also used as a signal station to make residents aware of ships coming into Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō. During World War II, an extensive heavy anti-aircraft artillery (HAA) battery was built near the summit, and the foundations of those buildings still exist.

Canterbury Association
The Canterbury Association was formed in 1848 in England by members of parliament, peers, and Anglican church leaders, to establish a colony in New Zealand. The settlement was to be called Canterbury, with its capital to be known as Christchurch. Organised emigration started in 1850 and the colony was established on the South Island. The First Four Ships took out settlers steeped in the region's history. The Association was not a financial success for the founding members and the organisation was wound up in 1855.
Arvense
Arvense (the neuter form of arvensis), a Latin adjective meaning in the fields, is the specific epithet of the following:

Anemopaegma arvense, a medicinal plant native to Cerrado vegetation in Brazil

Arvense (section), a section within the mushroom genus Agaricus

Cerastium arvense, the field chickweed, a flowering plant species

Cirsium arvense, a plant species native throughout Europe and northern Asia and widely introduced elsewhere

Equisetum arvense, a herbaceous perennial plant, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere

Lithospermum arvense, a flowering plant of the family Boraginaceae

Melampyrum arvense, an herbaceous flowering plant of the genus Melampyrum in the family Orobanchaceae

Thlaspi arvense, the field penny-cress, a foetid Eurasian plant species naturalized throughout North America

Trifolium arvense, the haresfoot clover, a clover species

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense, commonly known as field horsetail or common horsetail, is a species of vascular plant in the horsetail family Equisetaceae. Like all horsetails, it is a type of fern. It is native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has two distinct growth forms, a fertile spore-bearing stem and a sterile green stem. It is sometimes confused with mare's tail, Hippuris vulgaris.
Zając, Masovian Voivodeship
Zając [ˈzajɔnt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Liw, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Before the 1998 local boundary reforms it was administratively part of the Siedlce Voivodeship.

Węgrów County
Węgrów County (Polish: powiat węgrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Węgrów, which lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) east of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Łochów, lying 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Węgrów.

The county covers an area of 1,219.18 square kilometres (470.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 66,037, out of which the population of Węgrów is 12,628, that of Łochów is 6,825, and the rural population is 46,584.
Bahia Principe
Bahia Principe Hotels & Resorts is a division of resorts owned by Grupo Piñero, established in 1995 with the opening its first hotel in the town of Rio San Juan on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic.

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.