hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lavinia R. Davis
Lavinia Riker Davis (1909–1961) was an American author of picture books, teenage novels, and  mysteries for children and adults. She wrote over forty books, mostly under her own name, but sometimes using the pseudonym "Wendell Farmer".

She also wrote short stories, some published in The American Girl, The American Boy, St Nicholas and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.

One of her illustrators, Hildegard Woodward, was twice awarded the Caldecott Honor for her illustrations to books written by Lavinia R. Davis, Roger and the Fox in 1948, and The Wild Birthday Cake in 1950.

St. Nicholas (magazine)
St. Nicholas was a popular monthly American children's magazine, founded by Scribner's in 1873 and named after the Christian saint. The first editor was Mary Mapes Dodge, who continued her association with the magazine until her death in 1905. Dodge published work by the country's leading writers, including Louisa May Alcott, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Mark Twain, Laura E. Richards and Joel Chandler Harris. Many famous writers were first published in St. Nicholas League, a department that offered awards and cash prizes to the best work submitted by its juvenile readers. Edna St. Vincent Millay, F. Scott Fitzgerald, E. B. White, and Stephen Vincent Benét were all St. Nicholas League winners.

St. Nicholas ceased publication in 1940. A revival was attempted in 1943, but only a few issues were published before St. Nicholas folded once more.
1988 Summer Olympics torch relay
The 1988 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from August 23 until September 17, prior to the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The route covered around 4,526 kilometres (2,812 mi) and involved over 1,856 torchbearers. Sohn Kee-chung, Chung Sun-man and Kim Won-tak lit the cauldron at the opening ceremony.

Sohn Kee-chung
Sohn Kee-chung (Korean: 손기정; Korean pronunciation: [son.kidʑʌŋ]; August 29, 1912 – November 15, 2002) was a Korean Olympic athlete and long-distance runner. He became the first  Korean to win a medal at the Olympic Games, winning gold in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. He was born in the Korean Peninsula, but he was forced to compete as a member of the Japanese delegation because Korea was under Japanese rule at the time. Sohn set an Olympic record of 2 hours 29 minutes 19.2 seconds.

Sohn competed under the Japanese name Kitei Son, as Korea was under Japanese occupation during his career.
Getå railroad disaster
The Getå railroad disaster (Swedish: Järnvägsolyckan i Getå) was a train disaster caused by a landslide in Getå, a town that is now part of the municipality of Norrköping, on 1 October 1918. To date, it is the worst rail accident in Swedish history.

The derailment occurred when the layers of colloidal clay and gravel in the embankment that had been cut into the hill gave way. Shortly afterwards, a mixed train consisting of a locomotive and ten cars came down the tracks, falling down the embankment and landing on the road below. Of the passengers and crew on board that night, 41 people were injured and at least 42 were killed or died later from injuries sustained in the crash. It is unclear how many died in the derailment compared to those who died in the blaze that followed it. Many of the passengers were burned alive as the unreinforced wooden cars caught fire, killing those who had survived the crash itself but were still trapped in the wreckage.

Cut and fill
In earthmoving, cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway, road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill needed to make nearby embankments to minimize the amount of construction labor.
Mike Pender
Michael John Prendergast MBE (born 3 March 1941), known professionally by the stage name Mike Pender, is an English musician. He was an original founding member of Merseybeat group the Searchers. He is best known as the lead vocalist on many hit singles by the Searchers, including the song "Needles and Pins" and "What Have They Done to the Rain?".

Needles and Pins (song)
"Needles and Pins" is a rock song credited to American songwriters Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others who have notably recorded the song include fellow singer and Bono's then-wife Cher, the Ramones, and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers with Stevie Nicks.
Ana Hina
Ana Hina (Arabic: أنا هنا, English: I'm Here) is an album by Belgian singer Natacha Atlas. It was released by World Village on 26 May 2008. The album primarily features acoustic cover versions of songs originally performed by Arabic singers Fairuz and Abdel Halim Hafez. It was also influenced by Scottish and Latin music. The song "He Hesitated" appeared in the 2009 film Amreeka.

Amreeka
Amreeka is a 2009 independent film written and directed by first-time director Cherien Dabis. It stars Nisreen Faour, Melkar Muallem, Hiam Abbass, Alia Shawkat, Yussuf Abu-Warda, Joseph Ziegler, and Miriam Smith.

Amreeka documents the lives of a Palestinian American family in both the West Bank and  Post-9/11 suburban Chicago. It premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and opened to critical praise at several other important venues. National Geographic Entertainment bought all theatrical and home entertainment rights to Amreeka after its debut at Sundance.
Triple Play (video game series)
Triple Play is a series of video games based on Major League Baseball, published by EA Sports until their replacement by the MVP Baseball in 2003.

GameSpot stated that other simulations (for example, Sega's version) were superior to Triple Play, while GamePro greeted it as "the best baseball simulation so far". Electronic Gaming Monthly editors named Triple Play Gold Edition a runner-up for Genesis Game of the Year (behind Vectorman 2).

Electronic Gaming Monthly
Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) was a monthly American video game magazine. It offered video game news, coverage of industry events, interviews with gaming figures, editorial content and product reviews.
Junk Raiders 2
Junk Raiders 2 is the second season of the Canadian reality television series  that airs on The Discovery Channel and ION Life.  The series follows the titular Junk Raiders, a team of eight professionals as they attempt to renovate a site in Toronto's Don Valley (on Bayview Avenue) and renovate it to a two-story "clubhouse" in one month with only a C$5000 budget, as part of the Evergreen Brick Works project.  Because of the extremely limited budget, many of the materials needed must be found by freecycling: finding something unwanted for free and reusing it.

The Freecycle Network
The Freecycle Network (TFN) is a private, nonprofit organization registered in Arizona, US and is a charity in the United Kingdom. TFN coordinates a worldwide network of "gifting" groups to divert reusable goods from landfills. The network provides a worldwide online registry, organizing the creation of local groups and forums for individuals and nonprofits to offer (or request) free items for reuse or recycling and to promote a gift economy. In contrast, although flea markets and swap meets also contribute to the 3 Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), they involve mainly buying and selling or bartering rather than gifting.
Greater Grand Forks
The Greater Grand Forks (officially the Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan statistical area), as defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Grand Forks County in North Dakota and Polk County in Minnesota, anchored by the twin cities of Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 104,362 and was estimated to be 104,184 in 2024.

The metropolitan area is also sometimes called The Forks.  Several years ago, local promoters attempted to "brand" the metropolitan area as The Grand Cities. This name has not found widespread use in the area, although several buildings and organizations now bear the "Grand Cities" title. Occasionally, the city of Grand Forks uses the nickname "The Sunflake City."

Digital cable
Digital cable is the distribution of cable television using digital data and video compression. The technology was first developed by General Instrument. By 2000, most cable companies offered digital features, eventually replacing their previous analog-based cable by the mid 2010s. During the late 2000s, broadcast television converted to the digital HDTV standard, which was incompatible with existing analog cable systems.

In addition to providing high-definition video, digital cable systems provide more services such as pay-per-view programming, cable internet access and cable telephone services. Most digital cable signals are encrypted, which reduced the incidence of cable television piracy which occurred in analog systems.
Guido De Padt
Guido De Padt (born 23 May 1954) is a Belgian politician and Senator for the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats. Since December 2011, he also is the mayor of Geraardsbergen, an office he also held from 2001 until 2006.

He started his national career as member of the Chamber of Representatives. From December 2008 to July 2009, he was Minister of the Interior in the Van Rompuy I Government. In the Leterme II Government, he was appointed government commissioner for the internal audit of the federal government. In 2011, he replaced the socialist Freddy De Chou as mayor of Geraardsbergen. He got national media attention as strong defender to keep the Muur van Geraardsbergen in the Tour of Flanders. His party won the 2012 local elections in Geraardsbergen with 36% of the votes, while he got 25.8% of the preference votes. In contrast with other liberal leaders in Flanders, his popularity had grown.

Leterme II Government
The Leterme II Government was the federal government of Belgium from 25 November 2009 to 26 April 2010, and the caretaker government until 6 December 2011. It took office when the Flemish Christian Democrat Yves Leterme (CD&V) was sworn in as Prime Minister. It followed the Van Rompuy I Government which ended when Herman Van Rompuy became the first President of the European Council. It comprised five parties: the Dutch-speaking Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V), the Dutch-speaking Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open VLD), the French-speaking liberal Reformist Movement (MR), the French-speaking Socialist Party (PS) and the French-speaking Humanist Democratic Centre (CDH).
Gustavo Balart
Gustavo Eddy Balart Marin (born February 10, 1987) is a Cuban mixed martial artist competing in the Strawweight division. He has previously competed for ONE Championship and Titan Fighting Championships (Titan FC).

Balart is also a former amateur Greco-Roman wrestler who competed in the men's featherweight category.

Strawweight (MMA)
The strawweight division in mixed martial arts is for competitors weighing between 106 and 115 lb (48 to 52 kg). It sits between the lighter atomweight division and the heavier flyweight division.

The UFC's strawweight division, which groups competitors within 106 to 115 lb (48 to 52 kg)

The ONE Championship's strawweight division, with upper limit at 56.7 kg (125.0 lb)

The Road FC's strawweight division, with upper limit at 115 lb (52 kg)

Pancrase's strawweight division, which groups competitors within 110.2 to 115.2 lb (50 to 52.2 kg)

Oktagon MMA's women’s strawweight division, with upper limit at 53 kg (116.8 lb)

Shooto's strawweight division, with upper limit at 52 kg (114.6 lb) and 52.2 kg (115.1 lb) for women’s competitors.

The Legacy Fighting Alliance's women’s strawweight division, with upper limit at 115 lb (52.2 kg)

Jungle Fight's women’s strawweight division, with upper limit at 52 kg (114.6 lb)
DuBose Ausley
DuBose Ausley (born May 13, 1937) is an attorney in Tallahassee, Florida, USA.

DuBose Ausley is the senior partner and former chairman with the law firm of Ausley & McMullen, P.A. in Tallahassee. He is also Director of TECO Energy, Inc. of Tampa, Florida, Director of Capital City Bank Group of Tallahassee, former member of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida Board of Directors, Chairman of the Florida Commission on Ethics, and Chairman of the Florida Board of Regents in 1981.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Lake Texana
Lake Texana is a reservoir on the Navidad River, 8 miles (13 km) east of Edna, in Jackson County, Texas.  The reservoir is formed by the construction of Palmetto Bend Dam.  The dam and lake are managed by the Lavaca-Navidad River Authority, and supply water to surrounding communities and industries.  Lake Texana is the only reservoir managed by the Authority.

Jackson County, Texas
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census its population was 14,988. Its county seat is Edna. The county was created in 1835 as a municipality in Mexico and in 1836 was organized as a county (of the Republic of Texas). It is named for Andrew Jackson, President of the United States from 1829 to 1837.
Sibley–Monroe checklist
The Sibley–Monroe checklist is a list of bird species based on a study conducted by Charles Sibley and Burt Monroe. It drew on extensive DNA–DNA hybridization studies to reassess the relationships between modern birds. It was considered a landmark in ornithology on its release. The Sibley–Monroe assignment of individual species to families, and of families to orders remains controversial. Critics maintain that while it marks a leap forward so far as the evidence from DNA–DNA hybridization goes, it pays insufficient attention to other forms of evidence, both molecular and on a larger scale. There is no true consensus, but the broad middle-ground position is that the Sibley–Monroe classification, overall, is "about 80% correct". Research and debate concerning bird classification continue. There are 9994 species on the checklist.

DNA–DNA hybridization
In genomics, DNA–DNA hybridization is a molecular biology technique that measures the degree of genetic similarity between DNA sequences. It is used to determine the genetic distance between two organisms and has been used extensively in phylogeny and taxonomy.
1982 Giro d'Italia
The 1982 Giro d'Italia was the 65th running of the Giro. It started in Brescia, on 13 May, with a 16 km (9.9 mi) team time trial and concluded in Turin, on 6 June, with a 42.5 km (26.4 mi) individual time trial. A total of 162 riders from eighteen teams entered the 22-stage race, that was won by Frenchman Bernard Hinault of the Renault–Elf team. The second and third places were taken by Swede Tommy Prim and Italian Silvano Contini, respectively.

Amongst the other classifications that the race awarded, Famcucine's Francesco Moser won the points classification, Lucien Van Impe of Metauro Mobili won the mountains classification, and Metauro Mobili's Marco Groppo completed the Giro as the best neo-professional in the general classification, finishing ninth overall. Bianchi finishing as the winners of the team classification, ranking each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time. In addition, Bianchi won the team points classification.

Tommy Prim
Tommy Prim (born 29 July 1955) is a retired Swedish professional cyclist who rode for the Italian Bianchi team between the years of 1980 and 1986. In 1983 he became the first Scandinavian rider to win a classic race when he was victorious in Paris–Brussels, his other career highlights include winning Tirreno–Adriatico and the Tour de Romandie as well as twice finishing runner up in the Giro d'Italia in 1981 and 1982.
Georgia, New Jersey
Georgia is an unincorporated community located within Freehold Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Exit 22 on Interstate 195 provides access to Georgia via Jackson Mills Road (County Route 23). There is also a road in the area called Georgia Road (CR 53), leading to Turkey Swamp Park. Georgia sits at the northern reaches of the Pine Barrens and numerous housing developments are located north and east of the settlement.

Turkey Swamp Park
Turkey Swamp Park is a 2,388-acre (966 ha) county  park and nature preserve in Freehold Township, New Jersey. Within the northernmost fringes of the Pine Barrens, the Turkey Swamp area is located on a ridge, being a major drainage divide within Central New Jersey. It includes the headwaters of the Manasquan that flows into Manasquan Inlet, and the Metedeconk and Toms River systems that flow into Barnegat Bay, to the east; the  Manalapan Brook system  that is part of the Raritan River basin, to the north; and the Assunpink and Crosswicks systems that flow into the Delaware River, and the Millstone River system that also flows to the Raritan, to the west. The chief recreational attraction of this park is the 17-acre (6.9 ha) lake suitable for bass, bluegill and catfish fishing, as well as canoeing and paddle boating.

It is adjacent to the over 4,000-acre (1,600 ha) Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area.
1982 Donnay Indoor Championships – Doubles
Sandy Mayer and Frew McMillan were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Pavel Složil and Sherwood Stewart won the title, defeating Tracy Delatte and Chris Dunk 6–4, 6–7, 7–5 in the final.

Sandy Mayer
Alexander Mayer (born April 5, 1952) is a former tennis player from the United States. He won twelve titles in singles and twenty-four titles in doubles in his professional career, and was part of the winning tennis squad at Stanford University in 1973.
Least mean squares filter
Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal). It is a stochastic gradient descent method in that the filter is only adapted based on the error at the current time.  It was invented in 1960 by Stanford University professor Bernard Widrow and his first Ph.D. student, Ted Hoff, based on their research into single-layer neural networks. Specifically, they used gradient descent to train an ADALINE to recognize patterns, and called the algorithm "delta rule". They applied the rule to filters, resulting in the LMS algorithm.

ADALINE
ADALINE (Adaptive Linear Neuron or later Adaptive Linear Element) is an early single-layer artificial neural network and the name of the physical device that implemented it. It was developed by professor Bernard Widrow and his doctoral student Marcian Hoff at Stanford University in 1960. It is based on the perceptron and consists of weights, a bias, and a summation function. The weights and biases were implemented by rheostats (as seen in the "knobby ADALINE"), and later, memistors. It found extensive use in adaptive signal processing, especially of adaptive noise filtering.

The difference between Adaline and the standard (Rosenblatt) perceptron is in how they learn. Adaline unit weights are adjusted to match a teacher signal, before applying the Heaviside function (see figure), but the standard perceptron unit weights are adjusted to match the correct output, after applying the Heaviside function.

A multilayer network of ADALINE units is known as a MADALINE.
2023 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2023 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup was the tenth edition of the Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, the biennial women's under–21 field hockey world championship organised by the International Hockey Federation. It was held in Santiago, Chile from 29 November to 10 December 2023.

The Netherlands were the defending champions, having won a record-extending fourth title at the 2022 edition. They defended their title by defeating Argentina 4–1 in a shoot-out in the final after the match finished 2–2 in regular time. Belgium won their first medal by defeating England 7–0 in the bronze medal match.

Argentina women's national under-21 field hockey team
The Argentina women's national under-21 field hockey team represents Argentina in women's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Argentine Hockey Confederation, the governing body for field hockey in Argentina.

The team competes in the Pan American Junior Championship which they have won a record eight times. They have qualified for all Junior World Cups which they have won twice.
Scotiabank Theatre Toronto
The Scotiabank Theatre Toronto (formerly Paramount Theatre Toronto) is a major movie theatre at the RioCan Hall in the Entertainment District of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada at Richmond and John Street owned by Cineplex Entertainment  for the building and the lands owned by RioCan. Opened in 1999, the venue screens theatrical films throughout the year, but is best known as one of the major venues for the annual Toronto International Film Festival alongside the nearby TIFF Lightbox.

Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in area, bordered by Bloor Street to the northeast, a Canadian Pacific Railway line to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario.

The area showcases Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto had the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Hpa-an District
Hpa-An District (Phlone ထ်ုအင်ခြိုင့်; Burmese: ဘားအံခရိုင်, S'gaw Karen: ဖၣ်အၣ်ကီၢ်ရ့ၣ်) is a district of the Karen State in Myanmar. It consists 5 towns and 1490 villages.
2014 population was  783,510.

Thandaunggyi District
Thandaunggyi Township (Phlone: သင်တင်ဍောဟ်ကၞင့်; Burmese: သံတောင်ကြီးမြို့နယ်; S'gaw Karen: သါတီကၠံၤကီၢ်ဆၣ်) is the only township of Thandaunggyi District (Burmese: သံတောင်ကြီးခရိုင်) in northern Kayin State of Myanmar. The principal town is Thandaunggyi. The township has four towns and 341 villages grouped into 59 village tracts.

In 2014, the township had 30,209 people. By 2023, the population had grown significantly to 93,642 people.
Mikhalina Lysova
Mikhalina Anatolyevna Lysova (Russian: Михалина Анатольевна Лысова; born 29 March 1992) is a Russian visually impaired cross-country skier and biathlete. She has represented Russia at the Paralympics in 2010 and in 2014 competing in the cross-country skiing and biathlon events. She progressed to become one of the most consistent Paralympics Nordic skiers of Russia as she claimed 16 medals in her Paralympic career including 6 gold medals. She was also the recipient of the Order ''For Merit to the Fatherland'' and Order of Friendship awards.

Para biathlon
Para biathlon is a winter sport that combines target shooting and cross-country skiing. It is a race with contestants alternating between skiing through a cross-country trail and shooting at targets; missed shots result in a penalty of either extra time or extra distance. Para biathlon includes standing events, sitting events (for wheelchair users), and events for athletes with visual impairments, and has been a Paralympic sport since 1988.

An adaptation of biathlon for athletes with a disability, Para biathlon is one of two Nordic skiing disciplines in the Paralympic Winter Games, the other being Para cross-country skiing. Since 2024, the sport is governed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU).