hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beni Abbes Museum
Beni Abbes Museum, also known as Béni Abbès Museum (Arabic: متحف بني عباس, romanized: Matḥaf Banī ʻAbbās) is an art museum located in oasis town of Beni Abbes, Béchar Province, Algeria. It is "a resource dedicated to desert fauna, fossils and Algerian arts and crafts."

Béchar Province
Béchar (Arabic: ولاية بشار) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria, located on the border with Morocco in the Algerian Sahara. It is the second least densely populated province in Algeria, with a population of 353 591 inhabitants in 2019, with a density of 2,19 people/square kilometer. Its capital and biggest city is Béchar.
Fast sweeping method
In applied mathematics, the fast sweeping method is a numerical method for solving boundary value problems of the Eikonal equation.

where  is an open set in ,  is a function with positive values,  is a well-behaved boundary of the open set and  is the Euclidean norm.

The fast sweeping method is an iterative method which uses upwind difference for discretization and uses Gauss–Seidel iterations with alternating sweeping ordering to solve the discretized Eikonal equation on a rectangular grid. The origins of this approach lie in the paper by Boue and Dupuis.  Although fast sweeping methods have existed in control theory, it was first proposed for Eikonal equations by Hongkai Zhao, an applied mathematician at the University of California, Irvine.

Sweeping algorithms are highly efficient for solving Eikonal equations when the corresponding characteristic curves do not change direction very often.

Numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Liz Nicholl
Dame Elizabeth Mary Nicholl DBE  (née Daley; born August 1952) is a Welsh sports administrator and former netball player. She served as chief executive of UK Sport from 2010 to 2019, and is the current president of World Netball, having been re-elected for a second term of 4 years in 2023 and Chair of the World Netball Foundation, launched in 2023.

UK Sport
UK Sport is the government agency responsible for investing money sourced from the National Lottery and the government, into Olympic and Paralympic sport in the United Kingdom. It is an executive non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

It was created in 1997, following a "rock bottom" showing at the 1996 Summer Olympics where Team GB won just one solitary gold medal. Team GB and Paralympics GB went on to place third in the medal table at London 2012 and second in the table at Rio 2016.
2001 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series
The 2001 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series was the 27th season of the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series. It began at Daytona International Speedway on February 10 and concluded at Nashville Superspeedway on November 25. Robert Huffman entered the season as the defending Drivers' Champion. Cam Strader won his first and only championship, 155 points in front of Justin Hobgood.

Cam Strader
Cameron Strader (born November 7, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who has competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series from 2002 to 2003. He is a former champion of the now defunct NASCAR Goody's Dash Series, having won the championship in 2001. After his driving career ended, he has since worked for teams like Stewart–Haas Racing, Kaulig Racing, Petty GMS Motorsports, Richard Childress Racing, and JR Motorsports.

Strader has also previously competed in the NASCAR Southeast Series, the ISCARS Dash Series, and the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series at Southern National Motorsports Park.
Simley Wrestling
The Simley High School wrestling team, located in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota, has been ranked nationally in the top twenty-five for seven of the last ten years. The Scholastic wrestling program was founded by teacher Jim Short. The program was able to secure its first state title within seven years. The following year, in 1978, Jim Trudeau won the school's first individual state title. In 1987, the team earned its first state championship.

Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota
Inver Grove Heights is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 35,801 at the 2020 census. The city was formed on March 9, 1965, with the merger of the village of Inver Grove and Inver Grove Township.

It is one of 186 cities and townships in the seven-county Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area. Inver Grove Heights is 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Saint Paul; nearby communities are South St. Paul, West St. Paul, Sunfish Lake, Eagan, Newport, and Saint Paul Park (the last two across the Mississippi River).
Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.

Curved mirror
A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances. Convex mirrors are often used for security and safety in shops and parking lots.
Histidine decarboxylase
The enzyme histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22,  HDC) is transcribed on chromosome 15, region q21.1-21.2, and catalyzes the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine. In mammals, histamine is an important biogenic amine with regulatory roles in neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion and immune response. Histidine decarboxylase is the sole member of the histamine synthesis pathway, producing histamine in a one-step reaction. Histamine cannot be generated by any other known enzyme. HDC is therefore the primary source of histamine in most mammals and eukaryotes. The enzyme employs a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) cofactor, in similarity to many amino acid decarboxylases. Eukaryotes, as well as gram-negative bacteria share a common HDC, while gram-positive bacteria employ an evolutionarily unrelated pyruvoyl-dependent HDC. In humans, histidine decarboxylase is encoded by the HDC gene.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
John the Baptist Monument
The John the Baptist Monument is a 19.8-meter (62.3 ft) concrete statue in downtown San Juan de los Morros, Guárico state, Venezuela, erected in honor of John the Baptist. Commonly called San Juanote, it's one of the highest statues in Venezuela. It was built by the command of Venezuelan dictator Juan Vicente Gómez in 1933 as a present to the city when it was declared the capital of Guárico State. The monument was carved in the hills of Calabozo and moved to San Juan in 1935.

San Juan de los Morros and its monument to the Baptist are located in a large geographical area which contact the foothills of the central Venezuelan Coastal Range and lowlands region of the Venezuelan Llanos.

Sanjuanote sits atop the El Calvario hill, a small promontory in the center of the city. The statue is surrounded by concrete lions and old cannons that serve as gatekeepers in a symbolic protective attitude around the monument.

Venezuelan Coastal Range
The Venezuelan Coastal Range (Spanish: Cordillera de la Costa or Serranía de la Costa), also known as Venezuelan Caribbean Mountain System (Spanish: Sistema Montañoso Caribe), is a mountain range system and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, that runs along the central and eastern portions of Venezuela's northern coast. The range is a northeastern extension of the Andes, and is also known as the  Maritime Andes. It covers around 48,866 km2, being the 4th largest natural region in Venezuela.
Arsenal Number One
"Arsenal Number One" was a single released by the English football team Arsenal, as a double A-side with "Our Goal", in 2000.  It reached number 46 in the UK Singles Chart.

"Arsenal Number One" was adapted from Lou Bega's "Mambo No. 5." Additional lyrics were written by David Dein and Geoff Morrow. Like other Arsenal singles, the lyrics include quippy lines about Arsenal's first-team squad.

"Our Goal" featured Finbar Wright and Ian Wright (no relation), the latter of whom narrates a history of Arsenal in the middle of the song.

David Dein
David Barry Dein MBE (born 7 September 1943) is a British businessman, known for being a former co-owner and vice-chairman of Arsenal, as well as founding the Premier League.

Dein was vice-chairman of Arsenal between 1983 and 2007, and was instrumental in the formation of the Premier League in 1992. In August 2007, he sold his shares in Arsenal to London-based, Russian-owned business company Red and White Holdings.

He was the President of the G-14 group of European football clubs between October 2006 and May 2007, and has sat on various committees within FIFA and UEFA including UEFA's Club Competition Committee and Executive Committee. He was also the International President of England's unsuccessful 2018 World Cup bid.

Dein is also the founder of The Twinning Project, a charity which connects prisons and football clubs to help the rehabilitation of prisoners. He spends much of his time giving motivational speeches to schools and prisons in the UK and at football conferences.
Dan Shamir
Dan Shamir (Hebrew: דן שמיר; born 2 February 1975) is an Israeli professional basketball coach. In 2007 and 2008 he led Hapoel Jerusalem to consecutive Israeli State Cup titles, and in 2018 he led Hapoel Holon to the Israeli State Cup title. In 2018, Shamir was also named the Israeli Basketball Premier League Coach of the Year.

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
Jack Dryburgh
Jack "Jackie" Dryburgh (14 January 1939 – 21 August 2020) was a Scottish ice hockey player and coach and administrator. Born in Kirkcaldy, he played for various clubs in Scotland and England during the 1950s and 1960s as well as coaching in Aviemore and Solihull. He was a member of the British Ice Hockey Association and was inducted into the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 1991.

Southampton Vikings
The Southampton Vikings were an ice hockey team from Southampton, England. Their home venue was Southampton Ice Rink.

The Vikings were established following the collapse of French side Club Francais Volants. The name 'Vikings' was adopted due to the new team using the shirts of the old French club which had large V logos on them. Southampton's first game was a 10–5 victory over the London All Stars in 1936. The club played only briefly before succumbing to financial problems.

The team was reestablished in 1952 and would win the Southern Intermediate League in their first season. The Vikings continued playing until 1964 when they once again closed. The team returned for a third time in 1976 and would continue playing until the closure of the rink in 1988. During this time the Southampton Vikings played a single season in the Premier Division of the British Hockey League.
Charles-Odilon Beauchemin
Charles-Odilon Beauchemin (March 29, 1822 – November 1887) was a Montreal printer and bookseller.

Beauchemin studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet from 1836 until his father's death in 1841. Financially unable to remain in school, he spent some time in Montreal with printer John Lovell pursuing his interest in printing and bookbinding. He formed a business with his brother-in-law in 1864. The firm and partnership, Beauchemin et Valois, lasted 22 years. Valois retired and the firm Librairie C.-O. Beauchemin et fils was formed with Charles-Odilon and his son, Joseph-Odilon in partnership. The firm was successful and became more so after Charles died.

Charles-Odilon Beauchemin was an important figure in the growth of printing in Quebec. After his death in 1887, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Annia Mejía
Annia Stephany Mejía Alcaraz (born 12 March 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga MX Femenil side Club América. Born in the United States, she plays for the Mexico national team.

Club América (women)
Club América Femenil, commonly known as América Femenil or simply América, is a Mexican professional women's football club based in Mexico City, Mexico. It competes in the Liga MX Femenil and has been the women's section of Club América since 2016. The team plays its home games at the renowned Estadio Azteca, with Cancha Centenario, situated within their training grounds, serving as alternative venue.

Club América Femenil is one of only five clubs to have clinched the Liga MX Femenil title, achieving this feat twice.

América Femenil main rival is Chivas. The matches between the two are known as El Clasico Nacional, and is regarded as one of the most intense rivalries in Liga MX Femenil.
Decline of ancient Egyptian religion
The decline of ancient Egyptian religion is largely attributed to the spread of Christianity in Egypt. Historical Christianity's strict monotheistic teachings did not allow the syncretism seen between ancient Egyptian religion and other polytheistic religions, such as that of the Romans. Although religious practices within Egypt stayed relatively constant despite contact with the greater Mediterranean world, such as with the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans, Christianity directly competed with the native religion. Even before the Edict of Milan in AD 313, which legalised Christianity in the Roman Empire, Egypt became an early centre of Christianity, especially in Alexandria where numerous influential Christian writers of antiquity such as Origen and Clement of Alexandria lived much of their lives, and native Egyptian religion may have put up little resistance to the permeation of Christianity into the province.

Kemetism
Kemetism (also Kemeticism or Kemetic paganism; sometimes referred to as Neterism from netjer "god") is a neopagan religion and revival of the ancient Egyptian religion, emerging during the 1970s. A Kemetic is one who follows Kemetism.

There are several main groups, each of which takes a different approach to its beliefs, ranging from eclectic to reconstructionist. These can be divided into three types: reconstructed Kemetism, a syncretic approach, and the more monotheistic Kemetic Orthodoxy.
William Arnold Egger
William Arnold Egger (24 February 1900 – 2 March 1989) was a Surinamese resistance fighter in the Netherlands during the Second World War.

Born in Paramaribo, Egger was the grandson of a slave. He moved to the Netherlands to pursue his education, where he married Engelina Jas, a Dutch Jewish woman from Amsterdam. After graduating, they returned to Suriname, however the economy was depressed, and in 1935 the couple decided to go to the Netherlands, and settled in The Hague.

During the Second World War, Engelina's father was arrested. The Eggers hid 12 Jewish people in the cellar of the home, but the couple was betrayed to the Nazis. Egger and his wife were first sent to the prison in Scheveningen, and on to the concentration camps of Amersfoort, and Vught. The couple survived their incarceration, but the Jews they sheltered did not. In 2014, Egger was posthumously by Israel's Yad Vashem awarded with the honor of Righteous among the Nations.

Herzogenbusch concentration camp
Herzogenbusch (German: [ˌhɛʁtsoːɡn̩ˈbʊʃ] ⓘ; Dutch: Kamp Vught [kɑmp ˈfʏxt]) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. The camp was opened in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before Herzogenbusch was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for Germans and for Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center which includes exhibitions and a memorial remembering the camp and its victims.
Péter Niedermüller
Péter Niedermüller (born 3 September 1952) is a Hungarian politician. From July 2014 to July 2019, he served as a Member of the European Parliament, representing Hungary for the Democratic Coalition. In the 2019 Hungarian local elections, he was elected as the Mayor of Erzsébetváros as the joint candidate of the opposition (MSZP-P-DK-LMP-Momentum, with external support of Jobbik).

Niedermüller also served as the Treasurer of the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament.

Hungarian Socialist Party
The Hungarian Socialist Party (Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Párt [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈsot͡siɒliʃtɒ ˈpaːrt]), commonly known by its acronym MSZP (Hungarian: [ˈɛmɛspeː] ⓘ), is a centre-left to left-wing social democratic and pro-European political party in Hungary.

It was founded on 7 October 1989 as a post-communist evolution and one of two legal successors of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP). Along with its conservative rival Fidesz, MSZP was one of the two most dominant parties in Hungarian politics until 2010; however, the party lost much of its popular support as a result of the Őszöd speech, the consequent 2006 protests in Hungary, and then the 2008 financial crisis. Following the 2010 election, MSZP became the largest opposition party in parliament, a position it held until 2018, when it was overtaken by the far-right-turned-centre-right Jobbik.
Reitman
Reitman (alternate spelling Reitmann) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Reitman (1879–1943), American physician

Bob Reitman (born 1941), American radio personality

Catherine Reitman (born 1981), Canadian-American actress

Dorothy Reitman (born 1932), Canadian community volunteer

Greg Reitman (born 1971), American film producer

Herman Reitman (1870–1941), Romanian-Canadian businessman

Ivan Reitman (1946–2022), Czechoslovak-born Canadian film and television director, producer and screenwriter

Janet Reitman, American journalist

Jason Reitman (born 1977), Canadian-American movie director and writer, son of Ivan Reitman

Jerry Reitman (born 1938), American author, businessman and advertising executive

Joseph D. Reitman (born 1968), American actor

Sarah Reitman (1881–1950), Romanian-Canadian businesswoman; wife of Herman

Francis Reitmann (1905–1955), British psychiatrist

Ben Reitman
Ben Lewis Reitman M.D. (1879–1943) was an American anarchist and physician to the poor ("the hobo doctor"). He is best remembered today as one of radical Emma Goldman's lovers. Martin Scorsese's 1972 feature film Boxcar Bertha is based on Sister of the Road, one of Reitman's books.
Anoecia cornicola
Anoecia cornicola is a species of aphid in the subfamily Anoeciinae. It has been recorded as a pest of Sorghum bicolor, Setaria glauca, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Zea mays, Eragrostis major, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Panicum capillare in the United States.

Panicum capillare
Panicum capillare, known by the common name witchgrass, is a species of grass. It is a native plant to most of North America from the East Coast through all of the West Coast and California. It can be  found as an introduced species in Eurasia, and as a weed in gardens and landscaped areas. It grows in many types of habitat.
José Hierro
José Hierro del Real (born 3 April 1922 in Madrid, Spain – died 21 December 2002 in Madrid, Spain), sometimes colloquially called Pepe Hierro, was a Spanish poet. He belonged to the so-called postwar generation, within the rootless and existential poetry streams. He wrote for both Espadaña and Garcilaso magazines. In 1981, he received the Prince of Asturias Awards in Literature, in 1998 the Cervantes Prize and he received many more awards and honours.

Miguel de Cervantes Prize
The Miguel de Cervantes Prize (Spanish: Premio de Literatura en Lengua Castellana Miguel de Cervantes) is awarded annually to honour the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language. The Encyclopædia Britannica calls it the "most prestigious and remunerative award given for Spanish-language literature".
Febrianto Wijaya
Febrianto Wijaya (born February 20, 1990) is an Indonesian former footballer. He is currently the Director of the PSM Academy based in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, and has served as a member of the Mamuju Provincial Legislatives Council (DPRD) for the 2014–2019 and 2019–2024 periods. He is a descendant of Tionghoa.

West Sulawesi
West Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Barat), covering a land area of 17,152.99 km2 with its capital at Mamuju, is a province of Indonesia on the western side of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) island, consisting 6 regencies (kabupaten), namely Polewali Mandar, Mamasa, Majene, Mamuju, Central Mamuju and Pasangkayu (formerly called North Mamuju).