hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victor Schumann
Victor Schumann (21 December 1841 – 1 September 1913) was a physicist and spectroscopist who in 1893 discovered the vacuum ultraviolet.

Schumann studied the extreme ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. For this, he used a prism and lenses in fluorite instead of quartz allowing himself to be the first to measure spectra below 200 nm. Oxygen gas would absorb the radiation with a wavelength below 195 nm, but Schumann placed the entire apparatus under vacuum. He prepared his own photographic plates with a reduced layer of gelatin.

He published on the hydrogen line in the spectrum of Nova Aurigae and in the spectrum of vacuum tubes.

His work opened the way to atomic emission spectroscopy, leading eventually to the discovery of the hydrogen spectral lines series (Lyman series) by Theodore Lyman in 1914.

Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
Atin Cu Pung Singsing
Atin Cu Pung Singsing is a traditional Filipino folk song from Central Luzon, Philippines in Kapampangan sung by adults and children. The origin of the song is unknown, and there was a debate whether it was pre-historic or colonial. But its melody is most likely from the 18th century as it was similar to Spanish and Mexican folk songs of the era.
The folk song, it presents a woman as its main character and a man as a secondary character. The woman in the song was looking for a missing ring given by her mother and offers her love as a prize for the man who could find it.

Kapampangan language
Kapampangan, Capampáñgan, or Pampangan, is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well as in the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan ('breastfed, or nurtured, language').

Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam, but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code.
2021 Curtis Cup
The 41st Curtis Cup Match was played from 26–28 August 2021 at Conwy Golf Club near Conwy, Wales. It was originally scheduled for 12–14 June 2020 but was postponed to 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Great Britain & Ireland had the better of the first day and led to by 41⁄2 points to 11⁄2 points at the end of the day. The USA team levelled the match at 6 points a piece by the end of the second day. The third day singles matches were initially very tight but ultimately, most of the matches swung toward the USA team and they secured 61⁄2 points of the 8 available. The USA team retained the Curtis Cup with a total score of 121⁄2 to 71⁄2 for the GB&I team. It was the USA's first away win in the contest since 2008.

Conwy Golf Club
Conwy Golf Club in Conwy, Wales was officially opened as Caernarfonshire Golf Club in 1890. The links course on the Morfa Conwy peninsula was designed by Jack Morris (nephew of Old Tom Morris). The championship course is 6,910 yards (6,320 m) long with a par of 72.
Garri Bardin
Garri Yakovlevich Bardin (Russian: Гарри Яковлевич Бардин; born September 11, 1941) is a Soviet and Russian animation director, screenwriter, producer and actor best known for his experimental musical and stop motion films. He was awarded the 1988 Short Film Palme d'Or for the Fioritures cartoon and the Order of Honour in 2011.

Nika Award
The Nika Award (sometimes styled NIKA Award) is the main annual national film award in Russia, presented by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Science, and seen as the national equivalent of the Oscars.

In 2022 nominees were announced, but the award ceremony was postponed and, eventually, cancelled.

The Award ceremony was also cancelled in 2023.
Guy's Campus
Guy's Campus is a campus of King's College London adjacent to Guy's Hospital and situated close to London Bridge and the Shard, on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. It is home to the Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine and the Dental Institute.

The campus is named for Thomas Guy, the founder and benefactor of Guy's Hospital established in 1726 in the London Borough of Southwark. Buildings include Guy's Chapel, the Henriette Raphael building, the Hodgkin building and Shepherd's House. The Students' Union centre at Guy's is situated in Boland House. Guy's Campus is located opposite the Old Operating Theatre Museum, which was part of old St Thomas Hospital in Southwark.

The nearest Underground stations are London Bridge and Borough.

Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret
The Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret at 9a St Thomas Street is a museum of surgical history and one of the oldest surviving operating theatres. It is located in the garret of St Thomas's Church, Southwark, in London, on the original site of St Thomas' Hospital.
Matej Zatlkaj
Matej Zatlkaj is a Slovak Magic: The Gathering player and commentator. He is perhaps best known for his second-place finish at Pro Tour Berlin in 2008, and his frequent appearances as part of the video coverage team for European Grand Prix.

Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.
Koloni
Koloni is a village and administrative centre (chef-lieu) of the commune of Niantaga in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The village is 45 km north-northeast of Koutiala.

The French explorer René Caillié stopped at Koloni on 21 February 1828 on his journey to Timbuktu. He was travelling with a caravan transporting kola nuts to Djenné. In his book Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo published in 1830 he wrote:

At ten in the morning we arrived at Coloni, a little village situated in a beautiful, fertile and well cultivated plain, surrounded by a great number of large bombases. ... The village of Coloni, which is surrounded by two mud walls, contains a population of about four hundred, consisting of Foulahs, Bambaras, and Mandingoes: it is shaded by large mimosas and some bombaces.

Koutiala
Koutiala (Bambara: ߞߎߕߌߊߟߊ tr. Kutiala) is a city in Mali in the administrative region of Sikasso, and is located 140 km north of the city of Sikasso.  Koutiala serves as the capital of its administrative Cercle, home to 575,253 people in 2009.  As of the 2009 Census, Koutiala has 137,919 residents.
Peter Callander
Peter Robin Callander (10 October 1939 – 25 February 2014) was an English songwriter and record producer. Active from the 1960s onwards, Callander wrote or co-wrote songs that have been performed by recording artists such as Cilla Black, Tom Jones, Cliff Richard, Shirley Bassey, and The Tremeloes, amongst many others. On some songs he was credited as Robin Conrad. Callander was also a founder member of the Society of Distinguished Songwriters (SODS), a director of PRS for Music, and formed a publishing company, Callander Family Music Ltd.

Georgie Fame
Georgie Fame (born Clive Powell; 26 June 1943) is an English R&B and jazz musician. Fame, who had a string of 1960s hits, is still performing, often working with contemporaries such as Alan Price, Van Morrison and Bill Wyman. Fame is the only British music act to have achieved three UK No. 1 hits with his only top 10 chart entries: "Yeh, Yeh" in 1964, "Get Away" in 1966 and "The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde" in 1968.
2025 Boys' U16 African Nations Volleyball Championship
The 2025 Boys' U16 African Nations Volleyball Championship will be the 2nd edition of the Boys' U16 African Nations Volleyball Championship, the biennial international youth volleyball tournament organised by the African Volleyball Confederation (CAVB) for the boys' under-16 national teams of Africa. It was held in Tunis, Tunisia from 24 to 29 August 2025.

Four national teams took part in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2010 being eligible to participate.

Same as previous edition, the tournament acted as the CAVB qualifiers for the FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship. The top three teams qualified for the 2026 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship in Qatar as the CAVB representatives.

Egypt won their first title by beating Tunisia 3–0 in the final. Algeria completed the podium after defeating Morocco 3–2 in the third-place match. Champions Egypt, runners-up Tunisia and third-place Algeria qualified for the 2026 Boys' U17 World Championship.

FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship
The FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship is the biennial international youth volleyball championship contested by the men's national teams under the age of 17 of the members associations of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body.

The FIVB U17 World Championship for both genders was proposed by the FIVB Volleyball Council and unanimously approved by the FIVB Board of Administration during its meeting held in March 2022.

The first edition was staged in 2024 in Sofia, Bulgaria and was attended by 16 teams with plans to be expanded in subsequent editions. In April 2025, FIVB announced that the structure of the U17 events would be adapted to that of the U19 and U21 World Championships, featuring 24 teams, the same qualification processes and competition formats.

A corresponding tournament for female players is the FIVB Volleyball Girls' U17 World Championship.
Way of the Patriarchs
The Road of the Patriarchs or Way of the Patriarchs (Hebrew: דֶּרֶךְ הֲאָבוֹת Derech haʾAvot Lit. Way (of) the Fathers) is an ancient north–south route traversing the land of Israel and the region of Palestine. The modern Highway 60 (Israel-Palestine) follows roughly the route of the Way of the Patriarchs. The name is used by biblical scholars because of mentions in biblical narratives that it was frequently travelled by Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

It is also called the Hill Road or the Ridge Route because it follows the watershed ridge line of the Samarian and Judaean Mountains. It runs from Megiddo and Hazor south to Beersheba by way of Shechem, Bethel, Jerusalem, Ephrath and Hebron. Unlike the Via Maris and the King's Highway which were international roads crossing the territories of many peoples, the Ridge Route was wholly within the territory of ancient Israel.

Isaac
Isaac is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Rastafari. Isaac first appears in the Torah, in which he is the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob and Esau, and the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Isaac's name means "he will laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child. He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not move out of Canaan. According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs.

Recent scholarship has discussed the possibility that Isaac could have originally been an ancestor from the Beersheba region who was venerated at a sanctuary.
Sandy Posey
Sandra Lou Posey (June 18, 1944 – July 20, 2024) was an American popular singer who enjoyed success in the 1960s with singles such as her 1966 recording of Martha Sharp's compositions "Born a Woman" and "Single Girl". She was often described as a country singer, although, like Skeeter Davis (to whom she has been frequently compared), her output varied. Later in her career, the term "countrypolitan", associated with the "Nashville sound", was sometimes applied. Posey had four hit singles in the United States, three of which peaked at number 12 on the Hot 100.

Nashville sound
The Nashville sound is a subgenre of American country music that originated in the 1950s in Nashville, Tennessee. It replaced the dominance of the rough honky tonk music with "smooth strings and choruses", "sophisticated background vocals" and "smooth tempos" associated with traditional pop. It was an attempt "to revive country sales, which had been devastated by the rise of rock 'n' roll".
Bacardi Superior
Bacardi Superior is a white rum made by the Bacardi Company. In the US it is bottled at 80 proof (40% abv) and at 75 proof (37.5% abv) in the UK and Continental Europe. This rum is mostly used to make cocktails calling for a white rum such as Cuba Libre, Daiquiri, Piña Colada, Mojito, and Bacardi cocktail.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Propargylamine
Propargylamine is an organic compound with the formula HC≡CCH2NH2.  It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is used as a precursor to other compounds.  Propargyl amines are produced by reactions of amines with propargyl halides.

The behavior of propargyl amine is illustrated by its acylation benzoyl chloride to the amide.  A Sonogashira coupling of the terminal alkyne end with another equivalent of benzoylchloride gives the dicarbonyl, a precursor to an oxazole.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Drinking in L.A.
"Drinking in L.A." is a song by Canadian electronica collective Bran Van 3000, released as the band's debut single in 1997 by Audiogram and Capitol. It was the last song to be recorded for the band's debut studio album, Glee (1997). Of the song, James Di Salvio has said "It was almost like one of those movies where an animated blue bird swings by over the real live footage. It's cheesy, but I knew in my heart it was a hit."

"Drinking in L.A." was featured in television commercials for Rolling Rock beer in the United Kingdom, which contributed to its chart success there, peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart in August 1999. It also reached the top 10 in Iceland, Italy, Norway and Sweden, as well as number 35 in the band's native Canada. The music video for the song was directed by Adam Courneya. The song appeared in the 2022 film Aftersun.

Rolling Rock
Rolling Rock is a 4.4% abv American lager beer launched in 1939 by the Latrobe Brewing Company in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Although founded as a local Western Pennsylvanian brand, it was marketed aggressively and eventually became a national product. The brand was sold to Anheuser-Busch of St. Louis, in mid-2006, which transferred brewing operations to New Jersey while continuing to label the new beer prominently with the name of Latrobe.
Florida (ballet)
Florida is a ballet in three acts and five scenes, with libretto and choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Cesare Pugni. The work was first presented by the Imperial Ballet at the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre on January 10/22 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates), 1866, in St. Petersburg, Russia, with Mariia Surovshchikova-Petipa as Florida.

John Philip Sousa included a suite from Pugni's score for Florida in his band's repertory, as well as the Grand Ballet Suite from Pugni's score for Petipa's The Pharaoh's Daughter.

Mariinsky Ballet
The Mariinsky Ballet (Russian: Балет Мариинского театра) is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russian Ballet, the Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world's leading ballet companies.  Internationally in some quarters, the Mariinsky Ballet continues to be known by its former Soviet name the Kirov Ballet.  The Mariinsky Ballet is the parent company of the Vaganova Ballet Academy, a leading international ballet school.
Ben Cottreau
Ben Cottreau (born April 4, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played college hockey at Mercyhurst University.

After ending his college career, Cottreau leaped to the professional ranks, signing a contract with the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League on March 20, 2008.

Cottreau spent the 2008-09 season with the Landshut Cannibals of the DEL2. He later signed with the Hannover Scorpions of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on June 8, 2009. On February 16, 2010, Cottreau signed a two-year contract extension with the Scorpions. However, he retired from professional hockey on May 12, 2011 due to various head injuries suffered during his playing career.

DEL2
DEL2 (also known as Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2 or DEL II) is the second tier ice hockey league in Germany, below the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) and ahead of the Oberliga. Founded in 2013 to replace the defunct 2nd Bundesliga, DEL2 is administered by ESBG, under licence from DEB.
Luís de Meneses, 2nd Viscount of Meneses
D. Luís de Miranda Pereira Henriques de Meneses, 2nd Viscount of Meneses CvTE ComNSC (4 April 1817 – 5 May 1878) was a notable Romantic artist from Portugal, particularly celebrated for his portraits of elegant society.

Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
The Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (also known as The Royal Military Order of Our Lady of the Conception of Vila Viçosa; Portuguese: Real Ordem Militar de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa) is a dynastic order of knighthood of the House of Braganza, the former Portuguese Royal Family. The current Grand Master of the Order is Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, the Head of the House of Braganza.
Şımarık
"Şımarık" (pronounced [ʃɯmaˈɾɯk], "Spoiled"), also known as "Kiss Kiss", is a 1997 song by Turkish singer Tarkan. It was written by Sezen Aksu, with music credited as composed by Tarkan. However, Tarkan later admitted in a 2006 interview that this had been done without Aksu's consent, who was the true copyright owner. It formed part of Tarkan's third album, Ölürüm Sana (1997). "Şımarık" was released in France in 1998 and across the rest of the world in 1999 from the compilation album Tarkan, which was released in Europe.

"Şımarık" became a chart hit in Europe, reaching No. 1 in Wallonia and entering the top three in France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Many versions of the song were recorded in different languages, most notably the English-language cover, titled "Kiss Kiss", by Greek-American singer Stella Soleil in 2001, which was itself covered by Australian actress Holly Valance in 2002.

XX/XY
XX/XY is a 2002 American romantic drama film written and directed by Austin Chick and starring Mark Ruffalo, Kathleen Robertson, and Maya Stange. The title refers to the different chromosome pairings present in males and females. XX/XY premiered in competition at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival. Although the funding for the film came from the US, the film was produced by British company Natural Nylon.
Jon Rose
Jonathan Anthony Rose (born 19 February 1951) is an Australian violinist, cellist, composer, and multimedia artist. Rose's work is centered in the experimental music known as free improvisation, where he has created large environmental multimedia works, built experimental musical instruments, and improvised violin concertos with accompanying orchestra. He has been described by Tony Mitchell as "undoubtedly the most exploratory, imaginative and iconoclastic violin player who has lived in Australia".: 635

Adelaide Symphony Orchestra
The Adelaide Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is a South Australian orchestra based in Adelaide, established in 1936. The orchestra's primary performance venue is the Adelaide Town Hall, but the ASO also performs in other venues. It provides the orchestral support for all productions of the State Opera of South Australia and all Adelaide performances of the Australian Ballet. It also features regularly at the Adelaide Festival, and has performed at the Adelaide Cabaret Festival, WOMAdelaide and several other festivals in Adelaide.
Muriel Cerf
Muriel Cerf (4 June 1950 – 19 May 2012) was a French novelist and travel writer. She was born in Paris. After passing her Baccalauréat, she studied oriental art at the École du Louvre.

Her first book, L'Antivoyage, was inspired by her travels in Southeast Asia, and was a major critical success.  She was awarded the Prix Littéraire Valery Larbaud in 1975 for Le Diable vert.

École du Louvre
The École du Louvre (French pronunciation: [ekɔl dy luvʁ]) is a selective institution of higher education and prestigious grande école located in the Aile de Flore of the Louvre Palace in Paris, France. It is dedicated to the study of archaeology, art history, anthropology and epigraphy.

Admission is based on a competitive entrance exam after secondary school (lycée), though candidates may also apply after two or three years of university studies in the subjects of history, classics, literature, geography, philosophy and art. The school offers an undergraduate programme, a master's programme and a doctoral programme as well as a preparation class for civil service entrance exams.