hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tayari Jones
Tayari Jones (born November 30, 1970) is an American author and academic known for An American Marriage, which was a 2018 Oprah's Book Club Selection and won the 2019 Women's Prize for Fiction. Jones is a graduate of Spelman College, the University of Iowa, and Arizona State University. She is currently a member of the English faculty in the College of Arts and Sciences at Emory University and recently returned to her hometown of Atlanta after a decade in New York City. Jones was Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-large at Cornell University before becoming Charles Howard Candler Professor of Creative Writing at Emory University.

Andrew Dickson White
Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was an American historian and educator who co-founded Cornell University, one of eight Ivy League universities in the United States, and served as its first president for nearly two decades. He was known for expanding the scope of college curricula. A politician, he had served as New York state senator and was later appointed as U.S. ambassador to Germany and Russia.

He was one of the founders of the conflict thesis, which states that science and religion have historically been in conflict, and tried to prove it over the course of approximately 800 pages in his History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom.
Regina Dal Cin
Regina Dal Cin (4 April 1819 – 15 August 1897) was an Italian osteopath, who practiced the recomposition of femoral dislocations.  She is considered to be an expert in the reconstruction of the congenital and antiquated dislocations of the femur.

Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.

The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the  largest and thickest bone in the body.
Phasmahyla guttata
Phasmahyla guttata, the spotted leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae.
It is endemic to Brazil.  It lives in forests and near the edges of forests but not outside forests. It has been observed between 50 and 1200 meters above sea level.

Phasmahyla guttata uses camouflage coloring that ranges from brown to green. This use of coloring is known as polyphenism.

Their females typically lay 42± 19 eggs. The female frog lays eggs on leaves over streams. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the stream below.

Scientists classify this frog as least concern of extinction because although its habitat has historically been subject to deforestation, it is not in danger now.

Scientists note that this frog can produce a variety of useful chemicals in its skin.

Phyllomedusinae
Phyllomedusinae is a subfamily of hylid tree frogs found in the Neotropics commonly called leaf frogs. Formerly, they were often considered as their own family, Phyllomedusidae.

The subfamily is considered to be the sister group to the Australian treefrogs (Pelodryadinae), a subfamily of frogs known from Australia and New Guinea, despite being very geographically separated from them. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, where the Phyllomedusinae still live, with the two families diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of Pelodryadinae likely colonized Australasia from South America via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over. The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.
2002 Australian Sports Sedan Championship
The 2002 Australian Sports Sedan Championship was an Australian motor racing competition open to Group 3D Sports Sedans. The title, which is recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the 18th Australian Sports Sedan Championship, was won by Tony Ricciardello driving an Alfa Romeo GTV Chevrolet.

Alfa Romeo Alfetta
The Alfa Romeo Alfetta (Type 116) is a front-engine, five-passenger saloon and fastback coupé manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1972 to 1987 with a total of over 400,000 units produced during its production run.

The Alfetta was noted for the rear position of its transaxle (clutch and transmission) and its De Dion tube rear suspension — an arrangement designed to optimize handling by balancing front/rear weight distribution, as well as maintaining a low polar moment of inertia and low center of gravity. The interior of Coupé models featured a then unusual central tachometer placement — by itself, directly in front of the driver.

The Alfetta name, which means "little Alfa" in Italian is derived from the nickname of the Alfa Romeo Alfetta (Tipo 159), a successful Formula One car which in its last iteration introduced in 1951, paired a transaxle layout to De Dion tube rear suspension — like its modern namesake.
Architecture of Windows 9x
The Windows 9x series of operating systems refers to a series of Microsoft Windows operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000. They are based on the Windows 95 kernel which is a monolithic kernel. The basic code is similar in function to MS-DOS. They are 16-/32-bit hybrids and require support from MS-DOS to operate.

WIN.COM
WIN.COM is the executable file used to load versions of Windows that run from DOS. In Windows 3.11 and its predecessors, it is executed either manually from the DOS prompt or as a line in AUTOEXEC.BAT. In Windows 95 and onward it is automatically invoked by IO.SYS after AUTOEXEC.BAT is processed. The file is present in the SYSTEM32 directory of some Windows NT-based versions of Windows (such as Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Vista) for backwards compatibility purposes.
Beinn a' Chaorainn (Cairngorms)
Beinn a' Chaorainn is a Scottish mountain in the heart of the Cairngorms range. It is quite a remote hill, being located roughly 19 kilometres south east of Aviemore and 14 kilometres north west of Braemar. The mountain stands on the border of the Moray and Aberdeenshire council areas. The hill's name used to be spelt as Beinn a' Chaoruinn, but the spelling of the word caorunn (in genitive case here) was altered to caorann by the Gaelic Orthographic Convention's attempts to standardise spelling.

Aviemore
Aviemore (/ˌæviˈmɔːr/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: An Aghaidh Mhòr [ən̪ˠ ˈɤːɪ ˈvoːɾ]) is a town and tourist resort, situated within the Cairngorms National Park in the Highlands of Scotland. It is in the Badenoch and Strathspey committee area, within the Highland council area. The town is popular for skiing and other winter sports, and for hill-walking in the Cairngorm Mountains.
Watsonia
Watsonia can refer to:

Watsonia (gastropod), a genus of sea snails in the family Caecidae

Watsonia (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the iris family

Watsonia (journal), now the New Journal of Botany

Watsonia, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
Watsonia railway station

Watsonia (plant)
Watsonia (bugle lily) is a genus of plants in the family Iridaceae, subfamily Crocoideae. Watsonias are native to southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini). The genus is named after Sir William Watson, an 18th-century British botanist.
Ezekiel 34
Ezekiel 34 is the thirty-fourth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. In this chapter, Ezekiel prophesies against the "irresponsible shepherds" of Israel and states that God will instead seek out God's sheep and become their "true shepherd". The Jerusalem Bible notes the continuity of this theme, occurring in Jeremiah 23:1–6, here in Ezekiel, and later resumed in Zechariah 11:4–17, as well as in the New Testament.

New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English, working as a revision of the King James Version. Published by Thomas Nelson, the complete NKJV was released in 1982. With regard to its textual basis, the NKJV relies on a modern critical edition (the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) for the Old Testament, while opting to use the Textus Receptus for the New Testament.

The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original [King James Version], yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability."
Leonidas Sparta FC
Leonidas Sparta FC (Greek: Π.Α.Σ. Λεωνίδας Σπάρτης) was established in 1965 in 
Sparta, the capital of Laconia.

Leonidas Sparta played as high as the second tier, the Football League, in 1969–70 season and 1971–72 season.

Laconia
Laconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, [lakoˈni.a]) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
Spiritual autobiography
Spiritual autobiography is a genre of non-fiction prose that dominated Protestant writing during the seventeenth century, particularly in England, particularly that of Dissenters. The narrative generally follows the believer from a state of damnation to a state of grace; the most famous example is perhaps John Bunyan's Grace Abounding (1666). The first known spiritual autobiography is Confessions by Augustine of Hippo, or St. Augustine, which stands to this day as a classic when studying this genre.

Malcolm Boyd
Malcolm Boyd (June 8, 1923 – February 27, 2015) was an American Episcopal priest and author. He was active in the Civil Rights Movement as one of the Freedom Riders in 1961 and as a minister. Boyd was also active in the anti-Vietnam War movement. In 1977, Boyd "came out", revealing that he was homosexual and becoming a spokesman for gay rights.

In 1965, Boyd published a book of prayers, Are You Running with Me, Jesus?, which became a bestseller. In 2005, it was published in a 40th-anniversary edition. In 2013, he served as a poet/writer in residence at St. Paul Cathedral in Los Angeles.
Folsom Lake College
Folsom Lake College (FLC) is a public community college in Folsom, California.  It is part of California Community Colleges system and the Los Rios Community College District. Folsom Lake College serves the community with classes offered at its main Folsom campus at 10 College Parkway, two outreach centers (the El Dorado Center in Placerville and the Rancho Cordova Center), and various off-site locations nearby. As of Fall 2005, Folsom Lake College enrolled approximately 6,600 students choosing among approximately 1,000 different course offerings. Those students were served by 74 full-time faculty, including 9 counselors, 180 part-time faculty, 69 classified staff, and eight administrators. The college offers students over 30 different Associate of Arts or Science degree options, as well as over 30 certificate alternatives. The college's mascot is the Falcons and its colors are teal and black. The current president is Art Pimental who began in 2022.

Rancho Cordova, California
Rancho Cordova is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Incorporated in 2003, it is part of the Sacramento Metropolitan Area. The population was 79,332 at the 2020 census. In 2010 and 2019, Rancho Cordova received the All-America City Award.
Ladder streets
Ladder streets are narrow streets in Hong Kong comprising steps. Most are found between Central and Sheung Wan and Mid-Levels on Hong Kong Island, from Queen's Road Central, through Hollywood Road and a few other cross streets, to Caine Road at the Mid-Levels. Other ladder streets exist outside of the immediate Mid-Levels area, such as Sands Street in Kennedy Town.

Note that there is indeed a street named Ladder Street, composed entirely of stone steps, in Sheung Wan.

While some ladder streets are made only of traditional steps, some at a moderate incline have portions that could be traversed with a rickshaw or cart. These portions had raised stones perpendicular to the street at regular intervals acting like a ratchet so that carts and rickshaws could be easily stopped and parked. This kind of paving can be found on Pottinger Street.

The Duddell Street steps were declared a monument by the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

Antiquities and Monuments Office
The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) is a Hong Kong government organization established in 1976 under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance to protect and preserve historic monuments. Housed in the Former Kowloon British School, the AMO is responsible for identifying, recording and researching buildings and items of historical interest, as well as organising and coordinating surveys and excavations in areas of archaeological significance. The Commissioner for Heritage's Office under the Development Bureau of the Hong Kong government currently manages the Office.
Tethys Nunataks
Tethys Nunataks (72°10′S 68°59′W﻿ / ﻿72.167°S 68.983°W﻿ / -72.167; -68.983) is a minor group of about five snow-free nunataks, lying 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) northeast of Stephenson Nunatak in the southeast corner of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Presumably first seen by Finn Ronne and Carl R. Eklund of the United States Antarctic Service who sledged through George VI Sound in 1940–41. Surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for association with nearby Saturn Glacier, Tethys being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn, the sixth planet of the Solar System.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Anne Openshaw
Anne Openshaw is a Canadian actress from Surrey, British Columbia. She is most noted for her recurring role as Alice Fitzpatrick in the television series Call Me Fitz, for which she was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015.

She had a leading role as Kathleen Ford-McNeal in the 2007 television miniseries Across the River to Motor City, and played Lois Smart in the 2017 television film I Am Elizabeth Smart.

3rd Canadian Screen Awards
The 3rd Canadian Screen Awards were held on March 1, 2015, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2014.

Nominations were announced on January 13, 2015. On the film side, Mommy led with 13 nominations, while on the television side the science fiction series Orphan Black also received 13 nominations.

The awards ceremony were hosted by Andrea Martin at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts in Toronto, Ontario. Awards in many of the technical categories were presented in a series of galas throughout the week before the main ceremony.

Changes to the awards over previous years included the introduction of new categories for Best Cinematography in a Documentary and Best Editing in a Documentary.
Bogoro
BogoroListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bogoro. Za’ar or Sayawa people are the majority of its inhabitants.

It has an area of 894 km2 (345 sq mi) and a population of 84,215 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 741.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Isaiah 17
Isaiah 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The New King James Version describes this chapter as a "proclamation against Syria and Israel".

New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English, working as a revision of the King James Version. Published by Thomas Nelson, the complete NKJV was released in 1982. With regard to its textual basis, the NKJV relies on a modern critical edition (the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) for the Old Testament, while opting to use the Textus Receptus for the New Testament.

The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original [King James Version], yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability."
North Branch, New York
North Branch is a hamlet in the town of Callicoon, Sullivan County, New York, United States.  It is on the north branch of the Callicoon Creek.  The community is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west-northwest of Jeffersonville. North Branch has a post office with ZIP code 12766. It was once famous for its local cider mill, the North Branch Cider Mill.

Jeffersonville, New York
Jeffersonville is a village in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The population was 369 at the 2020 census. The name is derived indirectly from Thomas Jefferson.

The Village of Jeffersonville is in the southeastern section  of the Town of Callicoon on NY 52. The postal code is 12748. The Village of Jeffersonville is home to the Sullivan West Central School elementary school.
Alphonso Hodge
Alphonso Hodge (born May 30, 1982) is an American former professional football defensive back. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) in the fifth-round (147th overall) of the 2005 NFL draft.

Hodge was also a member of the New York Jets, Cleveland Gladiators, Toronto Argonauts, and Kansas City Renegades.

Kansas City Renegades
The Kansas City Renegades were a charter member of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League based in Kansas City, Missouri. They played their home games at Kemper Arena.

The Renegades were the second arena/indoor team based in Kansas City, following the Kansas City Command (previously known as the Kansas City Brigade) which played in the Arena Football League from 2006 until 2008 and then again from 2011 until 2012.  The franchise abruptly folded in 2013 with no explanation.
2015 High Peak Borough Council election
Elections to High Peak Borough Council in Derbyshire, England were held on 7 May 2015, at the same time as the 2015 UK General Election. All of the council falls up for election every four years and the control of the council changed from no overall control to Conservative councillor control.

High Peak Borough Council
High Peak Borough Council is the local authority for High Peak, a non-metropolitan district with borough status in Derbyshire, England. The administrative offices of High Peak Borough Council are split between sites in the towns of Buxton and Glossop. Full council meetings are usually held at the Pavilion Gardens in Buxton. The council is elected every four years. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2023.
Rowdy Fellow
Rowdy Fellow  is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language political action comedy film, written and directed by Krishna Chaitanya and produced by T. Prakash Reddy under his banner Moviemills, and presented by Cinema 5. This hybrid genre film stars Nara Rohit and Vishakha Singh in the lead roles, while Rao Ramesh, Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao, Posani Krishna Murali, Supreeth, Praveen, Ahuti Prasad, and Madhunandan, among others, play supporting roles. Sunny has composed music for the film. The film was later dubbed into Hindi as Mard The Khiladi and released by Aditya Movies in 2018.

Rao Ramesh
Rao Ramesh  (born 25 May 1968) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television apart from some Tamil films. He is the son of veteran actor Rao Gopal Rao. Rao Ramesh initially appeared in Seema Simham (2002), Okkadunnadu (2007), before getting a breakthrough role in Krish's Gamyam (2008), portraying a reformed Naxalite, he received critical acclaim for his portrayal and the film went on to become one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the year.

His subsequent films, Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), Avakai Biryani (2008) and S. S. Rajamouli's Magadheera (2009) were box office hits, and his role in the latter as a hunchbacked old Tantric won him further acclaim. Throughout the early 2010s, Rao Ramesh became a popular supporting actor and described that by 2015, he was in the "best phase of his career".
Shooting of John Caldwell
On the evening of 22 February 2023, two gunmen shot and wounded off-duty Detective Chief Inspector John Caldwell of the Police Service of Northern Ireland in Omagh, Northern Ireland. The gunmen are believed to have been linked to the New Irish Republican Army. Fifteen people were detained in connection with the shooting, and by February 2024, eleven people had been charged in connection with the shooting, eight of whom with attempted murder.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
German submarine U-160 (1941)
German submarine U-160 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. The keel for this boat was laid down on 21 November 1940 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, Germany as yard number 1010. She was launched on 12 July 1941 and commissioned on 16 October under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg Lassen (Knight's Cross).

The U-boat's service began in training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She lost seven men and one was injured in a fire on 14 December 1941 at Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 March 1942 for operations.

She sank 26 ships, totalling 156,082 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged five more, for 34,419 GRT. She was sunk by American carrier-borne aircraft on 14 July 1943.

Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau
Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft (abbreviated Deschimag) was a cooperation of eight German shipyards in the period 1926 to 1945. The leading company was the shipyard AG Weser in Bremen.