hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jovan Savić
Jovan Savić or Ivan Jugović (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Савић or Иван Југовић; Sombor, 1772 – Veliki Bečkerek, 1813) was the first professor at the initial founding of Belgrade's Visoka škola (Grande école which became known as the University of Belgrade in 1905) and secretary of the ruling Supreme Council (Soviet) in Revolutionary Serbia. He was an Austrian sympathizer.

University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade (Serbian: Универзитет у Београду / Univerzitet u Beogradu) is a public research university in Belgrade, Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.

Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments by 1838 to form a single university. The university has around 59,600 enrolled students and over 4,600 academic staff members. Since its founding, the university has educated more than 378,000 bachelors, approximately 25,100 master's, 29,000 specialists, and 14,670 doctors. The university comprises 31 faculties, 12 research institutes, the university library, and 9 university centres. The faculties are organized into four groups: social sciences and humanities; medical sciences; natural sciences and mathematics; and technological sciences.
Rildene Firmino
Rildene Fonseca Firmino (born 1974) is a retired Brazilian Paralympic swimmer who competed at international elite competitions, she is a double Parapan American Games champion and a two-time World bronze medalist.

World Para Swimming Championships
The World Para Swimming Championships, known also as the IPC Swimming World Championships, are the world championships for swimming where athletes with a disability compete. They are organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Previously on a four-year rotation, the championships are now held biennially, a year after the regional championships and year prior to the Paralympic Games.

In November 2016, the IPC (which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including swimming) adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were rebranded as "World Para" championships.
Geratal/Plaue
Geratal/Plaue (before 2019: Geratal) is a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Ilm-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft is in Geraberg, itself not part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Geratal/Plaue consists of the following municipalities:

Elgersburg

Martinroda

Plaue

Plaue
Plaue (German pronunciation: [ˈplaʊə] ⓘ) is a town in the Ilm-Kreis district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Gera, 11 km north of Ilmenau, and 8 km southwest of Arnstadt. The former municipality Neusiß was merged into Plaue in January 2019. Plaue station lies on the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway.
Nikolajs Švedrēvics
Nikolajs Švedrēvics (January 18, 1891 – July 7, 1937) was a Latvian track and field athlete who competed for the Russian Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics, where he finished 20th in the javelin throw competition. He was born in Riga, Russian Empire.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, but in 1908 it was a standing throw with no run up. The competition was held on Saturday, July 6, 1912. Twenty-five javelin throwers from seven nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.
Goan soup
Canja de Goa (Goan soup) is a typical soup of the Indo-Portuguese cuisine of Goa, Daman and Diu, which once formed part of the Portuguese India, and is inspired by Portuguese soup.

It is prepared with chicken, choris sausage, onion, garlic, rice, water and salt. All the ingredients are cooked together in a saucepan or pressure cooker and chicken broth is added.

According to Goan tradition, it was made for women who gave birth in the family home. After the first birth, the mothers-in-law sent the brides a bottle of port wine and six chickens, to be used in preparing the soup, since this was considered a good food for mothers and convalescents.

It is consumed for breakfast or as a late-morning meal, together with curry from the previous day, sweet mango chutney and salted fish. Sometimes it is transported to the fields by children, in a vessel of clay, for their parents and older siblings working there.

Saucepan
A saucepan is one of the basic forms of cookware (not technically a pan), in the form of a round cooking vessel, typically 3.5 to 4 inches (90 to 100 mm) deep, and wide enough to hold at least 1 US quart (33 imp fl oz; 950 ml) of water, with sizes typically ranging up to 4 US quarts (130 imp fl oz; 3.8 L), and having a long handle protruding from the vessel. The saucepan can be differentiated from the saucepot by the fact that "a saucepan is a cooking utensil with one handle; a saucepot is equipped with two side handles". Unlike cooking pans, a saucepan is usually not engineered to have non-stick surface. This is so that it can be used in deglazing, a process by which food stuck to the surface of the pan from cooking is recooked with liquid and other ingredients to form a sauce.
Cluster manager
Within cluster and parallel computing, a cluster manager is usually backend graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI) software that runs on a set of cluster nodes that it manages (in some cases it runs on a different server or cluster of management servers). The cluster manager works together with a cluster management agent. These agents run on each node of the cluster to manage and configure services, a set of services, or to manage and configure the complete cluster server itself (see supercomputing.) In some cases the cluster manager is mostly used to dispatch work for the cluster (or cloud) to perform. In this last case a subset of the cluster manager can be a remote desktop application that is used not for configuration but just to send work and get back work results from a cluster. In other cases the cluster is more related to availability and load balancing than to computational or specific service clusters.

Load balancing (computing)
In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units) with the aim of making their overall processing more efficient. Load balancing can optimize response time and avoid unevenly overloading some compute nodes while other compute nodes are left idle.

Load balancing is the subject of research in the field of parallel computers. Two main approaches exist: static algorithms, which do not take into account the state of the different machines, and dynamic algorithms, which are usually more general and more efficient but require exchanges of information between the different computing units, at the risk of a loss of efficiency.
2nd Rhode Island Infantry Regiment
The 2nd Rhode Island Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment composed of volunteers from the state of Rhode Island that served with the Union Army in the American Civil War.  They, along with the 1st Rhode Island, wore a very simple uniform.  The uniform composed of a dark blue jacket like shirt, tannish grey pants, and a dark blue chasseur kepi.  The 2nd Rhode Island also wore havelocks in the beginning of the war, but after finding them useless they discarded them.

Kepi
The kepi (English:  /ˈkɛpiː/ or /ˈkeɪpiː/) is a cap with a flat circular top and a peak, or visor. In English, the term is a loanword from French: képi, itself a re-spelled version of the Alemannic German: Käppi, a diminutive form of Kappe, meaning 'cap'. In Europe, the kepi is most commonly associated with French military and police uniforms, though versions of it were widely worn by other armies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In North America, it is usually associated with the American Civil War, as it was worn by soldiers on both sides of the conflict.
John VIII Palaiologos
John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Ἰωάννης Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Iōánnēs Palaiológos; 18 December 1392 – 31 October 1448) was the penultimate Byzantine emperor. Ruling from 1425 to 1448, he attempted to bring about the reunification of the Orthodox and Catholic churches and prioritized the protection of Constantinople against the Ottoman Empire. He was succeeded by his brother, Constantine XI, who would become the final emperor.

Benozzo Gozzoli
Benozzo Gozzoli (pronounced [beˈnɔttso ˈɡɔddzoli, – ˈɡɔttsoli]; born Benozzo di Lese; c. 1421 – 4 October 1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. A pupil of Fra Angelico, Gozzoli is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions with fine attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The chapel's fresco cycle reveals a new Renaissance interest in nature with its realistic depiction of landscapes and vivid human portraits. Gozzoli is considered one of the most prolific fresco painters of his generation. While he was mainly active in Tuscany, he also worked in Umbria and Rome.
Langit Lupa
Langit Lupa (International title/Translation: Heaven and Earth) is a Philippine television drama family series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Carlo Po Artillaga, Myla Ajero-Gaite and Ludwig Peralta, it stars Xia Vigor and Yesha Camile. It aired on the network's Prime Tanghali line up and worldwide on TFC from November 28, 2016, to April 28, 2017, replacing Be My Lady and was replaced by Ikaw Lang ang Iibigin.

This series was streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Momin Ansari
The Momin Ansari (Urdu: مومن أنصاري) are a Muslim community of merchants found mainly in India, Pakistan, and Nepal.  The literal meaning of Ansar is "supporter" in Arabic.

In North India, the community are known as Ansari or Shaikh while in Maharashtra they are known as Momin.

Although the community can be found throughout the Indian subcontinent, the Varanasi District in Uttar Pradesh is always regarded by most Momin as the centre of their community. The Ansari are said to make up a third of that city's population. Important Ansari neighborhoods in the city include Madanpura, Adampura and Jaitpura.

They opposed the partition of India. They are listed in OBC list of Haryana.

Adampur, Varanasi
Adampur is a village in Varanasi tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The village falls under the Adampur gram panchayat. Adampur Village is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of Varanasi railway station, 267 kilometres (166 mi) southeast of Lucknow and 214 kilometres (133 mi) west of Patna.
Kathleen Basford
Kathleen Basford (6 September 1916 – 20 December 1998) was a British botanist, with a special interest in genetics. She is known for discovering a form of fuchsia that was a cross between a New Zealand and Mexican fuchsia, proving this form of flower existed 20–30million years ago, before the continents had separated.

Fuchsia
Fuchsia (/ˈfjuːʃə/ ⓘ FEW-shə) is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees.

Almost 110 species of Fuchsia are recognized; the vast majority are native to South America, but  a few occur north through Central America to Mexico, and also several from New Zealand to Tahiti. One species, F. magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America, occurring on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical.
Grand Pianola Music
Grand Pianola Music is a minimalist composition by the American composer John Adams written in 1981. It was premiered on February 26, 1982, by the San Francisco Symphony in the Japan Center in San Francisco as part of a series called "New and Unusual Music". The pianists Robin Sutherland and Julie Steinberg, sopranos Marlene Rozofsky and Eileen Williams, and alto Elizabeth Anker performed with the orchestra. The composer conducted.

Japan Center (San Francisco)
The Japan Center is a shopping center in the Japantown neighborhood of San Francisco, California.  It opened in March 1968 and was originally called the Japanese Cultural and Trade Center. It is bounded by Geary (on the south), Post (on the north), Fillmore (on the west), and Laguna (on the east). The mall itself is composed of three mall buildings; from west to east, they are the Kinokuniya Mall, Kintetsu Mall (now Japan Center West), and Miyako Mall (now Japan Center East). Anchor tenants include Books Kinokuniya and Sundance Kabuki Cinema.
Glossary of calculus
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.

This glossary of calculus is a list of definitions about calculus, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

Chain rule
In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions z and y in terms of the derivatives of z and y. More precisely, if  is the composition such that  for every x, then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation,

or, equivalently,

The chain rule may also be expressed in Leibniz's notation. If a variable z depends on the variable y, which itself depends on the variable x (that is, y and z are dependent variables), then z depends on x as well, via the intermediate variable y. In this case, the chain rule is expressed as
 
and

for indicating at which points the derivatives have to be evaluated.

In integration, the counterpart to the chain rule is the substitution rule.
Arun Alat
Arun Alat (born 6 October 1988) is an Indian playback singer, music composer and Lyricist who made a space in Malayalam film industry as a singer with his debut song "Swapnamoru Chaakku" from the 2010 film Best Actor.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Gossip Calypso
"Gossip Calypso" is a novelty calypso song written by Trevor Peacock. It was recorded by Bernard Cribbins and released by EMI on the Parlophone label in 1962. The musical accompaniment was directed by Johnnie Spence, and the producer was George Martin. It reached number 23 in the UK Singles Chart, and was Cribbins' third top 30 hit of the year.

The lyrics repeat the conversations between several female neighbours describing the latest news of themselves, their families and other neighbours, joined by the chorus:

Gossip calypso
Gossip calypso
Hear all about it
Yak, a-yak, yak

Every woman
Up at the window
Giving out the gossip and
Getting it back

The slang used and names and situations mentioned imply the neighbours are in Britain rather than the Caribbean. The song is part of the early 1960s British calypso craze.

Johnnie Spence
Johnnie Spence, born John Spence Abrahams (4 February 1936 – 15 August 1977), sometimes spelt Johnny Spence, was a British musical arranger, director, and orchestra leader. He is credited with the arrangements and musical direction of numerous records and television light entertainment works throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program for his work on the 1969 television series This Is Tom Jones.
Franz Josef Jung
Franz Josef Jung (born 5 March 1949) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He became Federal Minister of Defence in the Grand coalition cabinet of Angela Merkel on 22 November 2005. In October 2009 he became Minister of Labour and Social Affairs but resigned a month later.

Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
The Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs (German: Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈʔaʁbaɪt ʔʊnt zoˈtsi̯aːləs] ⓘ; abbreviated BMAS) is a federal ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany headed by the Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs as a member of the Cabinet of Germany (Bundesregierung). Its first location is on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin, the second in Bonn.
Fajã do Belo
The Fajã do Belo is a permanent debris field, known as a fajã, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Ribeira Seca, in the municipality of Calheta, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Fajã
Fajã (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɐˈʒɐ̃], of unknown etymology) is a Portuguese term of obscure origin used to describe supratidal talus at the foot of coastal cliffs, caused by landslides or lava flows. Although relatively common world-wide, they are distinctive features of the Azores and Madeira, as well as of the Canary Islands, where the equivalent term in Canarian Spanish is fajana (Spanish pronunciation: [faˈxana]). The term also designates a small flat piece of land, generally cultivable and located by the sea, formed of materials fallen from cliffs.
Another Canarian word for lava fajanas is isla baja, literally, "low island".
Pamela Brewington Cashwell
Pamela Brewington Cashwell is an American lawyer and politician. She was appointed as Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Administration in 2021 by Governor Roy Cooper, becoming the first Native American woman to head a North Carolina Cabinet. She was appointed as Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources by Governor Josh Stein in 2025.

North Carolina Cabinet
The North Carolina Cabinet is the group of unelected heads of the executive departments of the Government of North Carolina. It is separate and distinct from the North Carolina Council of State, the members of which are elected statewide, and which makes up the rest of the executive leadership of the government. All cabinet secretaries are appointed by the governor.
2011 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2011 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 123rd staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887.  The draw for the 2011 fixtures took place on 7 October 2010. The championship began on 14 May and ended on 4 September 2011. Tipperary were the defending champions.

Kilkenny secured the title with a 2–17 to 1–16 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final.  This was their 33rd All-Ireland title, their eighth in twelve championship seasons.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
Northwest Arctic Borough School District
Northwest Arctic Borough School District (NWABSD) is a school district headquartered in Kotzebue, Alaska.

In 1999 the district had 2,100 students in nine communities. Beginning circa 1999 the Anchorage company Education Resources Inc. was scheduled to enter a contract with NWABSD so that an employee of the company would act as the superintendent of the school district.

The current superintendent is Terri Walker. One previous superintendent, Mike Dunleavy, is currently serving as governor of Alaska.

Mike Dunleavy (politician)
Michael James Dunleavy (born May 5, 1961) is an American politician and educator serving since 2018 as the 12th governor of Alaska. A member of the Republican Party, he served from 2013 to 2018 as a member of the Alaska Senate. He defeated former U.S. senator Mark Begich in the 2018 gubernatorial election after incumbent governor Bill Walker dropped out of the race, and was reelected in 2022.
Anarchy in Action
Anarchy in Action by Colin Ward explores anarchist thought and practice. It was initially published by Allen & Unwin in 1973, and was subsequently published in America and, in translation, in Dutch, Italian, Spanish and Japanese A second edition was published by Freedom Press in 2008. He explained, in its Introduction, that his book 'is simply an extended, updating footnote to Kropotkin's Mutual Aid.'

The book is a seminal introduction to anarchism but differs considerably from other introductions by concentrating on the possibility of an anarchism rooted in everyday experience that is not necessarily linked to industrial and political struggles.

Ward based his book on evidence from sociology, anthropology, cybernetics, industrial psychology, and from the experience of housing, town planning, education, work, play and social welfare. Ward argued for anarchist alternatives to the universal governmental and hierarchical systems of social organisation, including the welfare state.

Allen & Unwin
George Allen & Unwin is a British publishing company formed in 1911 when Sir Stanley Unwin purchased a controlling interest in George Allen & Co.  It became one of the leading publishers of the twentieth century and established an Australian subsidiary in 1976.  In 1990 Allen & Unwin was sold to HarperCollins, and the Australian branch was the subject of a management buy-out.
Bandel Thermal Power Station
Bandel Thermal Power Station is a coal-based power plant situated on the western bank of Hooghly River at Tribeni, a neighbourhood in Bansberia, near Bandel, in the Indian state of West Bengal, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) off the Grand Trunk Road/ NH 19 (old numbering NH 2). The power plant is operated by the West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (WBPDCL). At the time of its commissioning in 1983, its Unit-5 was first of its kind in Eastern India and fifth in India.

Bansberia
Bansberia is a small town and a municipality of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is about 45 km (28 mi) away from Kolkata, at the western end of the Iswar Gupta Setu (Kalyani-Bansberia) Bridge. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Bans Beria railway station is 4 km from Bandel Junction on the Bandel-Katwa Line. The area covered by two police stations — Chinsurah (ward no. 1–4) and Mogra (ward no. 5–22). The part of Chinsurah Police Station governed by Chandannagar Police Commissionerate and Mogra Police Station governed by Hooghly Rural Police District. Kartik Puja is the famous festival of Bansberia. Bansberia also famous for its Kumbh Mela.