hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandingo Wars
The Mandingo Wars were a series of conflicts from 1882 to 1898 between France and the Wassoulou Empire of the Mandingo people led by Samori Ture. Comparatively, the French faced serious resistance by the Mandinka, as they were able to make use of firearms and tactics that impeded French expansion in the area. The French were ultimately triumphant and established dominance over Mali, Guinea and the Ivory Coast.: 127, 130–133

Kankan
Kankan (Mandingo: Kánkàn; N’ko: ߞߊ߲ߞߊ߲߫) is the largest city in Guinea in land area, and the third largest in population, with a population of 198,013 people as of 2020. The city is located in eastern Guinea about 555 kilometres (345 miles) east of the national capital Conakry.

The city is the capital and largest town of the Kankan Prefecture and of the Kankan Region with its population being largely from the Mandinka ethnic group.
María Stagnero de Munar
María Stagnero de Munar (1856–1922) was a liberal Uruguayan teacher and feminist. She was a pioneering player in the reform of the Uruguayan school system in the 1880s, establishing the country's first women's teacher training college, Instituto Normal de Señoritas. In 1916, together with her former students, she formed the National Women's Council of Uruguay.

Consejo Nacional de Mujeres del Uruguay
The National Women's Council of Uruguay (Consejo Nacional de Mujeres del Uruguay, CONAMU) was a women's organization in Uruguay, founded in 1916.

It was founded by the leading suffragist Paulina Luisi in 1916 along with other feminists such as Francisca Beretervide and Isabel Pinto de Vidal. It played an important role in the struggle for women's suffrage, which was finally introduced in Uruguay in 1932, but this was not the only issue promoted by the organisation.
Neoi Poroi railway station
Neoi Poroi railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Νέων Πόρων, romanized: Sidirodromikos stathmos Neoi Poroi) is a railway station near the coastal village of Neoi Poroi, Thessaly, Greece. Located in the Neighbouring village Neos Poros, about 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) from the centre of Neoi Poroi. Opened on 7 September 2008. The station is served by both fast Regional trains and Proastiakos to Thessaloniki. Intercity services pass through the station but do not call at it.

Greek Railways
Hellenic Railways S.A. (Greek: Σιδηρόδρομοι Ελλάδος Μονοπρόσωπη Ανώνυμη Εταιρεία) is a national railway company which owns, maintains and operates all railway infrastructure in Hellenic Republic with the exception of Athens and Thessaloniki Metro lines and Athens tram lines.

The company is exclusively responsible for the growth and maintenance of the railway network and of the rolling stock of the state.
Frank Foss (athlete)
Frank Kent Foss (May 9, 1895 – April 5, 1989) was an American pole vaulter. He won a gold medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics, while breaking his own unofficial world record.

Foss grew up in Oak Park, Illinois. After the Olympics, he worked in the meat packing industry, including spending time in Argentina. After returning to the United States, he lived in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Foss graduated from Cornell University in 1917, where he was also a member of the Quill and Dagger society.  He was the IC4A Champion in 1916 after tying for the first the year before.  He was the AAU champion in 1919 and 1920.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
SWI-Prolog
SWI-Prolog is a free implementation of the programming language Prolog, commonly used for teaching and semantic web applications. It has a rich set of features, libraries for constraint logic programming, multithreading, unit testing, GUI, interfacing to Java, ODBC and others, literate programming, a web server, SGML, RDF, RDFS, developer tools (including an IDE with a GUI debugger and GUI profiler), and extensive documentation.

SWI-Prolog runs on Unix, Windows, Macintosh and Linux platforms.

SWI-Prolog has been under continuous development since 1987. Its main author is Jan Wielemaker.

The name SWI is derived from Sociaal-Wetenschappelijke Informatica ("Social Science Informatics"), the former name of the group at the University of Amsterdam, where Wielemaker was employed when he initiated the development of SWI-Prolog.

Unit testing
Unit testing, a.k.a. component or module testing, is a form of software testing by which isolated source code is tested to validate expected behavior.

Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at the integration or system level.
Shashi Bhushan Hazari
Shashi Bhushan Hazari was an Indian politician from Janata Dal (United). He was elected as a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Kusheshwar Asthan (constituency). On 1 July 2021, Hazari died at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi after suffering from Hepatitis B for a long time.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Cici (singer)
Busisiwe Thwala (born 15 February 1987), is a South African singer-songwriter and actress prominently known under the alias of Cici (often stylized CiCi) who gained recognition in late 2015 subsequent to the release of her single "Runaway".

The "Runaway" single won her two awards in 2016 at the 15th Metro FM Music Awards. In 2017 she left her ex-partner's and manager's (Arthur Mafokate) record label 999 and went on to sign a recording deal with Ambitiouz Entertainment.

She created two albums titled Busisiwe (2017) and Sukulila (2021) under the latter label.

Cici made collaboration with DJ Zinhle, "Thula" released on July 7, 2023. It debuted number 3 and charted number 1 on Metro FM Top 30 Countdown Charts.

15th Metro FM Music Awards
The 15th installment of the annual Metro FM Music Awards is an award ceremony in the South African music industry honouring musicians who did exceedingly well in their field throughout 2015. The show first aired on SABC 1 on February 27, 2016.

The winner in each category will  receive a R100,000 prize for each category they win. Metro FM is investing in musicians; building wealth and benefiting financially from their trade over and above the artistic recognition that comes with the MMA's coveted statuette. This will be the first installment of the award show to include a new category, namely the Pan-African Category.

Nathi and Sphectacular & DJ Naves led the nominations with five each, followed by Riky Rick and Emtee with four nominations each, and AKA, Fifi Cooper and Black Coffee with three nominations each.

Emtee is the biggest winner of the event, having won in four categories. AKA won three awards, one of which he shares with newcomer Emtee.
Robbie Middleby
Robert Middleby (born 9 August 1975) is an Australian former football player who as a right-back or right midfielder. He was the CEO of the Newcastle Jets FC until 2015. He played for Sydney FC after earlier stints at Newcastle United Jets, Wollongong Wolves (twice), Carlton, Football Kingz and the Newcastle Breakers. He won the 2001 NSL title with the Wolves and the 2006 A-League title with Sydney FC and also spent time overseas with German outfit KFC Uerdingen 05.

Newcastle Breakers FC
Newcastle Breakers FC are a defunct Australian football (soccer) club. Formed out of elements of the Newcastle Austral club, they participated in the National Soccer League from season 1991/1992, until their dissolution in 1999/2000. The club fared poorly on the field in its nine seasons in the national league, failing to reach the finals at every attempt. The club's demise led to the creation of Newcastle United FC (later known as Newcastle Jets).
Akram Fouad Khater
Akram Fouad Khater (Arabic: أكرم فؤاد خاطر; born December 3, 1960) is a Lebanese-born American professor, historian, and author. He serves as a professor of history, and the director of the Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies at North Carolina State University (NCSU). He specializes in the history of Lebanon, Lebanese Studies and diaspora, the Middle Eastern history, and Arab relations.

Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
The Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies is a public history and research center at the North Carolina State University's College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Founded in 2010, its mission is to support the production and dissemination of knowledge about the Lebanese diaspora in the US and throughout the world. The center is located in Raleigh, North Carolina.

The center supports a digital archive of material about the Lebanese diaspora and conducts oral history collection. The center produced the PBS documentary Cedars in the Pines: The Lebanese in North Carolina (2012) and collaborated with the North Carolina Museum of Art to produce the Cedars in the Pines museum exhibition documenting the history of the Lebanese-American community in North Carolina. The center has also developed a K-12 curriculum and publishes the peer-reviewed journal Mashriq & Mahjar: Journal of Middle East Migration Studies.
Barnes Ratwatte
Barnes Ratwatte (known as Barnes Ratwatte Dissawa; 1883 – 20 September 1957) was a Ceylonese colonial-era legislator and  headman. He was a member of the State Council and the Senate of Ceylon. He was appointed to the posts of Rate Mahatmaya of Balangoda and Dissawa by the British. He was the father of Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the first female prime minister in the world.

Native headmen of Ceylon
The native headmen system was an integral part of the administration of the island of Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. Native headmen or leaders were appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populace. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in military, policing, administrative and ceremonial capacities. They served as translators and revenue collectors, and wielded quasi-judicial powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.
Hawar Kilis Operations Room
The Hawar Kilis Operations Room (Arabic: غرفة عمليات حوار كلس, Turkish: Havar Kilis Operasyon Odası) was a Syrian rebel coalition formed in the village of Hawar Kilis in April 2016 in the northern Aleppo Governorate on the Syria–Turkey border.

As part of the Syrian Train and Equip Program, many groups in the coalition were supplied with Thuraya satellite phones by the United States.

Most factions within the operations room form a large component of the Syrian National Army, which was, with Turkish backing, formed around the Operations Room.

Thuraya
Thuraya (Arabic: الثريا, Gulf Arabic pron.: [ɐθ.θʊˈrɑj.jɐ]; from the Arabic name for the Pleiades, Thurayya) is a United Arab Emirates-based regional mobile-satellite service (MSS) provider. The company operates two geosynchronous satellites and provides telecommunications coverage in about  150 countries in Europe, the Middle East, North, Central and East Africa and  Asia Thuraya's L-band network delivers voice and data services.

Thuraya is the mobile satellite services subsidiary of Yahsat, a global satellite operator based in the United Arab Emirates, fully owned by Mubadala Investment Company.
The geostationary nature of the service implies high round-trip times from satellite to Earth, leading to a noticeable lag being present during voice calls.
Animal bath
An animal bath or balneum animale is a medical treatment in which the skin or carcass of a freshly slaughtered animal is wrapped around the patient.  The idea was that the vitality of the animal might be transferred to the patient and the warmth of the treatment may have had some therapeutic effect.

The treatment has been used since antiquity and was thought to be effective for vulnerable newborn babies and lameness.  One notable patient treated in this way was the young Kaiser whose left arm was palsied from birth.  The arm was placed in the body of a freshly slaughtered hare for 30 minutes twice a week to encourage it to grow normally.

Limp
A limp is a type of asymmetric abnormality of the gait. Limping may be caused by pain, weakness, neuromuscular imbalance, or a skeletal deformity.  The most common underlying cause of a painful limp is physical trauma; however, in the absence of trauma, other serious causes, such as septic arthritis or slipped capital femoral epiphysis, may be present.  The diagnostic approach involves ruling out potentially serious causes via the use of X-rays, blood tests, and sometimes joint aspiration. Initial treatment involves pain management.  A limp is the presenting problem in about 4% of children who visit hospital emergency departments.
Bruce Chizen
Bruce R. Chizen (born September 5, 1955) is an American technology executive. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Adobe Systems from 2000 to 2007. A senior advisor at Permira, he is chairman of McAfee's board of directors.

Synopsys
Synopsys, Inc. is an American multinational electronic design automation (EDA) company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, that focuses on design and verification of silicon chips, electronic system-level design and verification, and reusable components (intellectual property). Synopsys supplies tools and services to the semiconductor design and manufacturing industry. Products include tools for implementation of digital and analog circuits, simulators, and debugging environments that assist in the design of chips and computer systems. In 2024, Synopsys was listed as the 12th largest software company in the world.
Ikkyū-san (manga)
Ikkyū-san (Japanese: 一球さん, pronounced [ik̚kʲɨᵝːsã̠ɴ]), also known as Highschool Baseball Ninja, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shinji Mizushima. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from 1975 to 1977, with its chapters collected in fourteen tankōbon volumes published by Shogakukan. An anime television series was adapted by Nippon Animation. It aired on Fuji TV from April 10 to October 23, 1978.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.
Lady Parts (album)
Lady Parts is the debut studio album by Fudge, a collaborative project between American record producer Prefuse 73 and American rapper Michael Christmas. It was released on September 9, 2016, through Lex Records. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.

DRAM (musician)
Shelley Marshaun Massenburg-Smith (born August 3, 1988), known professionally as DRAM (/ˈdrɑːm/; an acronym for "does real-ass music", briefly Shelley FKA DRAM), is an American rapper, singer, and record producer. He is best known for his 2016 single, "Broccoli" (featuring Lil Yachty), which peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song preceded his debut studio album Big Baby DRAM (2016), which was released in October of that year by Atlantic Records.
Dmitry Matveyevich Smirnov
Dmitry Matveyevich Smirnov (Russian: Дмитрий Матвеевич Смирнов; 27 October 1919 in Shilovo, Seredskii District, 
Ivanovo Oblast, Soviet Union – 14 April 2005) was a Soviet mathematician working in group theory and Jónsson–Tarski algebras.

Furmanovsky District
Furmanovsky District (Russian: Фу́рмановский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 763.2 square kilometers (294.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Furmanov. Population (excluding the administrative center): 6,733 (2010 Census); 6,524 (2002 Census); 8,017 (1989 Soviet census). Population with the administrative center: 34,537 (2021 Census). The population of Furmanov accounts for 86.0% of the district's total population.
Krasny Gidropress
JSC Krasny Gidropress (Russian: Красный гидропресс) is a company based in Taganrog, Russia and established in 1907. It is currently part of Tactical Missiles Corporation.

The Taganrog Krasnyy Gidropress Plant, formerly a major supplier of propellers and other shipboard equipment to the Soviet Navy, is expanding production of household appliances.

Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 (2021 census); 257,681 (2010 census); 281,947 (2002 census); 291,622 (1989 Soviet census).

Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
Yishun Innova Junior College
Yishun Innova Junior College (YIJC) is one of the 14 junior colleges in Singapore, offering two-year pre-university programmes for students who graduate from secondary schools after their O-level examinations. The two-year A-Level programme prepares students for education in local or foreign universities.

Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level
The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (or Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-Level) is a school qualification jointly conducted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), with exams taking place in Singapore annually. Students are graded in the bands ranging from A to F and each band has a respective grade point, a lower grade point indicates poor performance (e.g. A1 band equates to 1 grade point). The number at the end of each grade corresponds to the grade point that they receive (i.e. A1 = 1, A2 = 2, B3 = 3, B4 = 4, C5 = 5, C6 = 6, D7 = 7 E8 = 8, F9 = 9). To pass an individual O-Level subject, a student must score at least C6 (6 grade points) or above. The highest grade a student can attain is A1 (1 grade point).
Ainlay
Ainlay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chuck Ainlay, record producer

Harry Dean Ainlay (1887–1970), Canadian educator and politician
Harry Ainlay Composite High School, Canadian high school located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Stephen Ainlay, American college president

Harry Ainlay
Harry Dean Ainlay (January 3, 1887 – March 12, 1970) was a Canadian educator and politician, noted for his many years of service in Edmonton, Alberta, as a teacher and principal with Edmonton Public Schools and as a long time member of Edmonton City Council, including three consecutive terms as Mayor of Edmonton.
Luhnu Cricket Ground
Luhnu Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India.  The first recorded match on the ground came when Himachal Pradesh Under-16s played Jammu and Kashmir Under-16s in 1999.  The ground held its first first-class match in 2001 when Himachal Pradesh played Delhi in the 2001/02 Ranji Trophy.  The following season a further first-class match was held when Himachal Pradesh played Hyderabad in the 2002/03 Ranji Trophy.  No further major matches have been staged there.

Hyderabad cricket team
The Hyderabad cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. It is part of the Ranji Trophy Plate Group and has seen scattered success over its many years in the Ranji Trophy circuit. It has won Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up thrice and have made one appearance in the Irani Trophy.
Musepack
Musepack or MPC is an open source lossy audio codec, specifically optimized for transparent compression of stereo audio at bitrates of 160–180 (manual set allows bitrates up to 320) kbit/s. It was formerly known as MPEGplus, MPEG+ or MP+.

Development of MPC was initiated in 1997 by Andree Buschmann and later assumed by Frank Klemm, and as of 2004 is maintained by the Musepack Development Team (MDT) with assistance from Buschmann and Klemm. Encoders and decoders are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, and plugins for several third-party media players available from the Musepack website, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or BSD licenses, and an extensive list of programs supporting the format.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
The Detroit Experiment
The Detroit Experiment is a 2003 studio album by The Detroit Experiment, a collaborative project including DJ/producer Aaron Levinson, saxophonist Bennie Maupin, trumpeter Marcus Belgrave, pianist Geri Allen, and violinist Regina Carter. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart, as well as number 24 on the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart.

It is the second entry in a series of albums, the first being The Philadelphia Experiment (2001) and the third being The Harlem Experiment (2007).

Marcus Belgrave
Marcus Batista Belgrave (June 12, 1936 – May 23, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player from Detroit, born in Chester, Pennsylvania. He recorded with numerous musicians from the 1950s onwards. Belgrave was inducted into the class of 2017 of the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in Detroit, Michigan.
16th Light Cavalry
The 16th Light Cavalry is a regiment of the Armoured Corps, a primary combat arm of the Indian Army. Prior to India gaining independence from the British in 1947, it was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was formed in 1776 and is the oldest armoured regiment raised in India. The 16th Light Cavalry saw service in a number of conflicts ranging from the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1781 to World War II. It has a number of battle honours including "Punjab 1965" earned during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Indian Army Armoured Corps
The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army. Tracing its origins from the first regiment formed in 1776, the present corps was formed in 1947 from two-thirds of the personnel and assets of the British Indian Army's Indian Armoured Corps. It currently consists of 67 armoured regiments, including the President's Bodyguard.