hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bilinear time–frequency distribution
Bilinear time–frequency distributions, or quadratic time–frequency distributions, arise in a sub-field of signal analysis and signal processing called time–frequency signal processing, and, in the statistical analysis of time series data. Such methods are used where one needs to deal with a situation where the frequency composition of a signal may be changing over time; this sub-field used to be called time–frequency signal analysis, and is now more often called time–frequency signal processing due to the progress in using these methods to a wide range of signal-processing problems.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Asmakonak, Posof
Asmakonak is a village in the Posof District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 41 (2021).

The former name of Asmakonak village is Samkhula. Samkhula (Georgian: სამხულა), a Georgian place name, consists of the words sami (სამი: three) and khula (ხულა: barn) and means "Three Barns". This place name is also written as "Samkhula" (سامخولا) in the Ottoman land-survey register (mufassal defter) of 1595.

Ardahan Province
Ardahan Province (Turkish: Ardahan ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Erdêxanê, Georgian: არტაანის რეგიონი, romanized: art'aanis regioni) is a province in the north-east of Turkey, bordering Georgia and Armenia. Its area is 4,934 km2, and its population is 92,481 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Ardahan. Ardahan borders the Turkish provinces of Erzurum, Artvin and Kars.
Corby Cube
Corby Cube is a municipal building in the town of Corby, Northamptonshire, England. Built in 2010, it is occupied by North Northamptonshire Council as its headquarters, but was originally built for Corby Borough Council (abolished in 2021). The building houses a council chamber, a register office, a public library, a 400-seat theatre and a 100-seat multi-use studio space.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2011)
The 2011 TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs was the third annual TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It took place on December 18, 2011, at the 1st Mariner Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first TLC held following the discontinuation of the first brand extension in August.

Eleven matches were contested at the event, ten of which took place live on pay-per-view. In the main event, CM Punk defeated The Miz and Alberto Del Rio in a triple threat Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match to retain the WWE Championship.

The event received 179,000 pay-per-view purchases, which was down from the previous year's 195,000 buys.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Piddletrenthide
Piddletrenthide ( /ˌpɪdəltrɛntˈhaɪd/) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. The village lies on the small River Piddle in a valley on the dip slope of the Dorset Downs, 8 miles (13 km) north of Dorchester. In the 2011 census the parish—which includes the small village of Plush to the northeast and the hamlet of White Lackington to the south—had 323 dwellings, 290 households and a population of 647.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Hal Lee (basketball)
Harold George Lee Sr. (October 7, 1910 – October 16, 1977) was an American college basketball player who played for the University of Washington during the  1930s. He played the point guard position at 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall, making him one of the pioneers of being a tall player to play that position. He was voted as a consensus NCAA All-American as a senior in 1933–34 after guiding the Huskies to the Pacific Coast Conference championship. Lee also played for the football and baseball teams.

Washington Huskies baseball
The Washington Huskies baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of the University of Washington, located in Seattle, Washington, United States. The program has been a member of the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference since the start of the 2025 season, preceded by the Pac-12 Conference and the Pacific Coast Conference.

The team has played at Husky Ballpark since 1998; the on-campus venue was renovated extensively for the start of the 2014 season. Jason Kelly has been the program's head coach since the start of the 2023 season. The program has appeared in nine NCAA tournaments. It has won two Pac-10 North-South Division playoffs, six Pac-10 North Division Titles, eight PCC North Division Titles, and two PCC Regular season Championships. As of the start of the 2014 season, 18 former Huskies have appeared in the major leagues.
Monkey Business (Margaret album)
Monkey Business (stylized as Monkey Bu$iness) is the third studio album by Polish singer Margaret. It was released only in Poland. The album was made available to stream exclusively on Tidal on 29 May 2017. Its deluxe edition, with two additional tracks, was released exclusively to Empik on 1 June 2017. The album was officially released on 2 June 2017 by Extensive Music and Magic Records.

Monkey Business's lead single, "What You Do", was released on 12 May 2017, followed by "Byle jak" ("Anyhow") on 21 December. It also includes the single "Blue Vibes", which was recorded for the Polish-language version of the 2017 animated feature film, Smurfs: The Lost Village.

Monkey Business peaked at number eight on Polish Albums Chart.

Extensive Music
Extensive Music, previously Global Artist Management is a Swedish record label founded in 1993. Its base is in Stockholm. Extensive Music has sublabels: Extensive Music Sweden, Extensive Music UK and Extensive Music JLT.

In 2014 during Midem week in Cannes Extensive Music expanded cooperation agreement for Scandinavia with Warner Music Group.
Kate Sheppard Memorial Trust Award
The Kate Sheppard Memorial Trust Award is an award made annually on 19 September, known as Suffrage Day, in New Zealand. This day is the anniversary of women winning the right to vote in New Zealand in 1893.

The award commemorates the life of a leading New Zealand women's suffrage campaigner, Kate Sheppard, and was established by a group of women from Christchurch who had also commissioned the Kate Sheppard National Memorial. Its aim is to assist a woman to develop her potential through study, research or training in an area of value to the community. Although the award is open to any woman, it has been noted that the large majority of applications come from university and polytechnic institute students.

The selection panel is made up of representatives of Christchurch City Council, National Council of Women, NZ Council of Trade Unions, Rural Women of New Zealand and YWCA.

Christchurch City Council
The Christchurch City Council (CCC) is the local government authority for Christchurch  in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 419,200 people of Christchurch. The Mayor of Christchurch is Phil Mauger, who was elected in 2022 and 2025l. The council currently consists of 16  elected Councillors in sixteen wards, and is presided over by the mayor, who is elected at large. The number of elected members and ward boundaries changed prior to the 2016 election.
PowerPC 400
The PowerPC 400 family is a line of 32-bit embedded RISC processor cores based on the PowerPC or Power ISA instruction set architectures. The cores are designed to fit inside specialized applications ranging from system-on-a-chip (SoC) microcontrollers, network appliances, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to set-top boxes, storage devices and supercomputers.

Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (AMCC) bought assets concerning the 400 family cores from IBM in April 2004 for $227 million, and they now market the processors under their own name.  IBM continues evolving the cores while supplying design and foundry services around the cores. Several cores are also available for licensing by OEMs from IBM and Synopsys.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Sigekatu Kuroda
Sigekatu Kuroda (黒田 成勝, Kuroda Shigekatsu; 11 November 1905 – 3 November 1972) was a Japanese mathematician who worked in number theory and mathematical logic.

In 1942 he became a professor at the newly founded Nagoya Imperial University, where he stayed for over twenty years. He was responsible for much of the effort in setting up its Department of Mathematics.

He was married to the renowned number theorist Teiji Takagi's daughter Yakeo. The couple had three sons, all of whom became mathematicians, including S.-Y. Kuroda, who was a professor of linguistics at the University of California, San Diego.

He published a text on the foundations of algebraic number theory with Tomio Kubota in 1963.

Nagoya University
Nagoya University (名古屋大学, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (名大) or NU, is a Japanese national research university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya.

It was established in 1939 as the last of the nine Imperial Universities in the then Empire of Japan, and is now a Designated National University.

The university is the birthplace of the Sakata School of physics and the Hirata School of chemistry. As of 2021, seven Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan and Asia behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.
GenX
GenX is a Chemours trademark name for a synthetic, short-chain organofluorine chemical compound, the ammonium salt of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA). It can also be used more informally to refer to the group of related fluorochemicals that are used to produce GenX. DuPont began the commercial development of GenX in 2009 as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, also known as C8), in response to legal action due to the health effects and ecotoxicity of PFOA.

Although GenX was designed to be less persistent in the environment compared to PFOA, its effects may be equally harmful or even more detrimental than those of the chemical it was meant to replace.

GenX is one of many synthetic organofluorine compounds collectively known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).

Fluorine compounds
Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Most frequently, covalent bonds involving fluorine atoms are single bonds, although at least two examples of a higher order bond exist. Fluoride may act as a bridging ligand between two metals in some complex molecules. Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding (a weaker bridging link to certain nonmetals). Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds.
For many elements (but not all) the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride.  For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others exclusively in an oxide; and for still others (elements in certain groups) the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.
Arabian golden sparrow
The Arabian golden sparrow (Passer euchlorus) is a sparrow found in south west Arabia and also the coast of Somalia and Djibouti where it occurs in thorn savannah and scrub habitats. It is sometimes considered as a subspecies of the Sudan golden sparrow (Passer luteus).

It is sometimes kept as a pet.

Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are groups of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name which is also used for a particular genus of the family Passer. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows of the family Passerellidae and from a few other birds such as the Java sparrow of the family Estrildidae sharing their name. Many species nest on buildings and the house and Eurasian tree sparrows, in particular, inhabit cities in large numbers. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects. Some species scavenge for food around cities and  like pigeons or gulls, will eat small quantities of a diversity of items.
Milton Feng
Milton Feng co-created the first transistor laser, working with Nick Holonyak in 2004. The paper discussing their work was voted in 2006 as one of the five most important papers published by the American Institute of Physics since its founding 75 years ago. In addition to the invention of transistor laser, he is also well known for inventions of other "major breakthrough" devices, including the world's fastest transistor and light-emitting transistor (LET). As of May, 2009 he is a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and holds the Nick Holonyak Jr. Endowed Chair Professorship.

Feng was born and raised in Taiwan.

Indium gallium arsenide
Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) (alternatively gallium indium arsenide, GaInAs) is a ternary alloy (chemical compound) of  indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Indium and gallium are group III elements of the periodic table while arsenic is a group V element. Alloys made of these chemical groups are referred to as "III-V" compounds.  InGaAs has properties intermediate between those of GaAs and InAs. InGaAs is a room-temperature semiconductor with applications in electronics and photonics.

The principal importance of GaInAs is its application as a high-speed, high sensitivity photodetector of choice for optical fiber telecommunications.
Jack Powell (rugby union, born 1882)
John "Jack" Anderson Powell (14 September 1882 – 20 March 1941) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cardiff and London Welsh. Powell played a single international game for Wales, in 1906, and faced the Original All Blacks as part of the Glamorgan county team in 1905 and the South African team as a member of the Cardiff team in 1907.

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Dakouritrohouin
Dakouritrohouin is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Lakota, Lakota Department, Lôh-Djiboua Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.

Dakouritrohouin was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Lôh-Djiboua
Lôh-Djiboua Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its creation in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Gôh-Djiboua District. The regional seat is Divo and the region's area is 10,650 km². At the 2021 census, the region had a population of 1,103,158.
FC Malamuk
FC Malamuk is a football club from Greenland based in Uummannaq. All league games, however, are played in the national stadium in Nuuk.

Malamuk midfielder Kaassa Zeeb featured in the Greenland national football team at the 2006 ELF Cup.

Greenland national football team
The Greenland national football team (Greenlandic: Kalaallit nunaanni isikkamik arsarnermi nunanut allanut unammisartut; Danish: Grønlands fodboldlandshold) represents Greenland in non-FIFA international tournaments. It is controlled by the Football Association of Greenland. Although it has the same status as the Faroe Islands within the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland is not, unlike the Faroe Islands national football team, a member of FIFA nor of any continental confederation and therefore is not eligible to enter the World Cup or other sanctioned tournaments. Most of the matches they have played have been against the Faroe Islands and Iceland, but neither of the two consider those games full internationals. In May 2024, it was announced that Greenland had officially applied to become a member of CONCACAF, however the application was later rejected.
Hagbard and Signe
Hagbard and Signe or The Red Mantle (Danish: Den røde kappe, Swedish: Den röda kappan, Icelandic: Rauða skikkjan) is a 1967 internationally co-produced drama film based on the story of Hagbard and Signy from the twelfth-century work Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, directed by Gabriel Axel and starring Gitte Hænning. The film was shot in Iceland, with interiors built and filmed in Nacka, Sweden.

Nacka
Nacka (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnâkːa] ⓘ) is the municipal seat of Nacka Municipality and part of Stockholm urban area in Sweden. The municipality's name harks back to a 16th-century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good. However, and somewhat confusingly, that spot is not densely populated today and the municipal seat is on land that once belonged to Järla farmstead on the other side of Lake Järla.
2011 EMF miniEURO
The 2011 European minifootball Championships was the second edition of the unofficial European minifootball championships, a forerunner of the EMF miniEURO, a competition for national Small-sided football teams. It was hosted in Tulcea, Romania, from 5 to 6 November 2011.

The defending champions, Romania, kept their title by overcoming Czech Republic 5–4 on penalties after 3–3 in the final.

Tulcea
Tulcea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]; also known by alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 65,624 as of 2021. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube.
Malbouzon
Malbouzon (French pronunciation: [malbuzɔ̃]; Occitan: Malboson) is a former commune in the Lozère department in southern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Prinsuéjols-Malbouzon.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.
Éric Caritoux
Éric Caritoux (born 16 August 1960 in Carpentras, Vaucluse) is a French former professional road racing cyclist who raced between 1983 and 1994. He had 22 victories in his career, the highlights of which were winning the Vuelta a España in 1984 and taking the French road race championships in 1988 and 1989. He rode the Tour de France on 11 occasions, his best finish being 12th in 1989.

Tour du Vaucluse
The Tour du Vaucluse (Tour of the Vaucluse) is a former cycling race, held in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. From 1923 until 1960 it was organized as a one-day race finishing in Cavaillon. Subsequently, it was held as a stage race, run over two and later three days, until the event was discontinued in 1998.
The First Woman Jury in America
The First Woman Jury in America is a 1912 American silent film. It was written by suffragist Alma Webster Hall Powell, and produced by Vitagraph Studios. It stars John Bunny, Flora Finch, and Earle Williams. It is notable for being one of the first films about suffrage written by a suffragist. The scenario was published in full, with images from the film, in The Moving Picture World, March 9, 1912.

John Bunny
John Bunny (September 21, 1863 – April 26, 1915) was an American actor. Bunny began his career as a stage actor, but transitioned to a film career after joining Vitagraph Studios around 1910. At Vitagraph, Bunny made over 150 short films – many of them domestic comedies with the comedian Flora Finch – and became one of the most well-known actors of his era.