hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RLUIPA Equal Terms Provision circuit split
President Bill Clinton signed the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 into law on September 22 of 2000. This piece of legislation was intended to protect the free exercise of religion as it relates to institutionalized persons and land use. One provision of RLUIPA pertaining to land use is the Equal Terms Provision. The Equal Terms Provision states "No government shall impose or implement a land use regulation in a manner that treats a religious assembly or institution on less than equal terms with a nonreligious assembly or institution." While RLUIPA has been the subject of much scholarly writing, the Equal Terms Provision has received little attention on its own.

However, the Equal Terms Provision has proven difficult for some courts to interpret and has caused a circuit split as to its application. At this point in time, there are three different approaches that Circuit Courts of Appeals have applied to the Equal Terms Provision.

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), Pub. L. 106–274 (text) (PDF), codified as 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc et seq.,  is a United States federal law that protects individuals, houses of worship, and other religious institutions from discrimination in zoning and landmarking laws. RLUIPA was enacted by the United States Congress in 2000 to correct the problems of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993.  The act was passed in both the House of Representatives and the Senate by unanimous consent in voice votes, meaning that no objection was raised to its passage, so no written vote was taken. The S. 2869 legislation was signed into law by the President Bill Clinton on September 22, 2000.
Soul Assassins II
Muggs Presents Soul Assassins II is the second studio album by American hip-hop collective Soul Assassins. It was released on October 3, 2000, via RuffLife Records. Recording sessions took place at The Cutting Room, at Battery Studios, at Greenstreet Studios and at D&D Studios in New York, at PatchWerk Recording Studios in Atlanta, at Soul Assassins Studios in Los Angeles, and at CMO Greens Studios. Production was primarily handled by DJ Muggs, with three tracks produced by The Alchemist and one by DJ Khalil. The album includes features with Kool G Rap, Infamous Mobb's Godfather Pt. III, Xzibit, King T, GZA, Goodie Mob, Kurupt, Screwball's Hostyle, Self Scientific, Krondon, Phenam a.k.a. Don Krisis, Ras Kass, Dilated Peoples, Roscoe, Cypress Hill and Everlast.

Dilated Peoples
Dilated Peoples is an American Los Angeles-based hip hop trio, composed of rapper and record producer Evidence, rapper Rakaa, and Beat Junkies deejay and record producer DJ Babu. The group is better known in the UK, where they reached the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart with two tracks, "This Way" and "Worst Comes to Worst". Their songs were featured in the 2003 video games Need for Speed: Underground and NBA Street Vol. 2, as well as MLB 06: The Show.
Zagrađe (Gornji Milanovac)
Zagrađe is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 493 people.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Kačer during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). Among revolutionaries from the village were Nikola Pejović, Đurđe Petrović, and the drummer (dobošar) of Karađorđe, Gavrilo Pejović.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
John Bassette
John Bassette (December 28, 1941 – November 9, 2006) was a folk singer/songwriter, poet and cable television personality in the Greater Cleveland, Ohio, United States, area. He was born in Hampton, Virginia, USA.

Mother Earth News
Mother Earth News is a bi-monthly American magazine that has a circulation of 500,520 as of 2011. It is published in Topeka, Kansas.

Since its founding, Mother Earth News has promoted renewable energy, recycling, family farms, good agricultural practices, better eating habits, medical self-care, more meaningful education and affordable housing.  The magazine approaches environmental problems from a down-to-earth, practical, simple living, how-to standpoint.
Don Drummond (economist)
Don Drummond, OOnt is a noted Canadian economist, having served extensively in the federal Department of Finance Canada, as Chief Economist at Toronto-Dominion Bank and as a scholar at Queen's University.  He is known for his wide contributions to public policy in Canada and extensive citation on economic issues.

Department of Finance Canada
The Department of Finance Canada (French: Ministère des Finances Canada) is a central agency of the Government of Canada. The department assists the minister of finance in developing the government's fiscal framework and advises the government on economic and financial issues. A principal role of the department is assisting the government in the development of its annual budget.

The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of finance (François-Philippe Champagne since March 2025). The day-to-day operations of the department are directed by the deputy minister of finance (a public servant). Nick Leswick was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance on December 19, 2025.

The department is headquartered in the James Michael Flaherty Building in downtown Ottawa at the corner of Elgin and Albert.
Tabernanthe iboga
Tabernanthe iboga (iboga) is an evergreen rainforest shrub native to Central Africa. A member of the Apocynaceae family indigenous to Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo, it is cultivated across Central Africa for its medicinal and other effects.

In African traditional medicine and rituals, the yellowish root or bark is used to produce hallucinations and near-death outcomes, with some fatalities occurring. In high doses, ibogaine is considered to be toxic, and has caused serious comorbidities when used with opioids or prescription drugs. The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) lists ibogaine as a controlled substance of the Controlled Substances Act.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Something More (Ginny Owens album)
Something More is the second album by contemporary Christian music artist, Ginny Owens. The album was released on March 19, 2002, by Rocketown Records. It peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and No. 22 on their Heatseekers chart.

Rocketown Records
Rocketown Records was an independent record label which was started in 1996 by Michael W. Smith. In the fall of 1995, met with Don Donahue, A&R director at Reunion Records, to discuss creation of the label.

In 1996, Word Records bought a minority share of the company.
Stimulus modality
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what is perceived after a stimulus. For example, the temperature modality  is registered after heat or cold stimulate a receptor. Some sensory modalities include: light, sound, temperature, taste, pressure, and smell. The type and location of the sensory receptor activated by the stimulus plays the primary role in coding the sensation. All sensory modalities work together to heighten stimuli sensation when necessary.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
WCW Hardcore Championship
The World Championship Wrestling (WCW) Hardcore Championship was a title in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) that was active from July 11, 1999 to January 21, 2001. The title was defended in Hardcore matches, in which there were few rules and restrictions and weapons were allowed. Eventually, the rules were changed so that matches began in the backstage area but would only end by pinfall in the ring, but later were changed back to 'Falls Count Anywhere' rules. The belt was created in response to the growing popularity of hardcore wrestling in North America.

The WCW Hardcore Title was a continuation from the WCW Hardcore Trophy that Fit Finlay won in the Junkyard Battle Royal that took place at the 1999 Bash at the Beach pay-per-view. Shortly after the PPV, the trophy was seized by Eric Bischoff and removed from television. Afterwards Norman Smiley was crowned first official WCW hardcore champion.

Wrestling ring
A wrestling ring, also known as the squared circle, is the stage on which a professional wrestling match usually occurs. It is similarly constructed to a boxing ring and is traditionally square-shaped. In Japan, it is also common to see mixed martial arts fights contested in a wrestling ring, owing to Japanese MMA's roots in puroresu.
Mehdi Sahabi
Mehdi Sahabi (Persian: مهدی سحابی;  February 1944 in Qazvin (Iran) – November 9, 2009 in Paris (France) ) was an Iranian intellectual, translator, painter, and writer. Born in the provincial Iranian capitol of Qazvin in 1944, Sahabi translated novels originally in English, French, and Italian into Persian. He left his studies at the Faculty of Fine Arts of Tehran University and Rome University of Fine Arts unfinished.

His translation of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time, which he spent 11 years on, is considered his finest. He also translated Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Sentimental Education, Charles Dickens' David Copperfield, All Men are Mortal by Simone de Beauvoir, Stendhal's The Red and the Black, The Baron in the Trees by Italo Calvino and Louis-Ferdinand Céline's Death on Credit.

Sahabi was awarded Iran's Book of the Year award, after which no translator won for 18 years. He died in Paris of a heart attack on November 9, 2009. His funeral took place in Tehran.

All Men Are Mortal
All Men Are Mortal (French: Tous les hommes sont mortels) is a 1946 novel by Simone de Beauvoir. It tells the story of Raimon Fosca, a man cursed to live forever. The first American edition of this work was published by The World Publishing Company. Cleveland and New York, 1955. It was adapted into a 1995 film of the same name.
Lithia (water brand)
Lithia Spring Water (also called Lithia) is an American brand of high mineral content lithia water that naturally contains lithium carbonate. Since 1888 it has been sourced from an ancient Native American sacred spring that is part of the Stone Mountain, Georgia, geological pluton (granite intrusion) formation. Located at Lithia Springs, Georgia, on the boundary of Cobb and Douglas counties, approximately twelve miles from the city of Atlanta.

Lithia Spring Water contains a high ionic-mineral content, as measured by total dissolved solids (TDS) of 2,300 milligrams per liter. It contains the following chemical elements, in amounts of 100 or more micrograms per liter: lithium, calcium, sulfate, magnesium, potassium, silica, and sodium.
The brand is owned by Lithia Spring Water, LLC.; Lithia Spring Water is sold directly from Historic Lithia Springs and shipped only within the United States.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Inner Ring Road, Guntur
The Inner Ring Road, officially Mahatma Gandhi Inner Ring Road, is a ring road freeway of Guntur in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It stretches to 6.34 km (3.94 mi) in length and was laid at a cost of ₹ 29.08 crores. The project includes two phases and was taken up by the then, VGTM Urban Development Authority (now APCRDA).

Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority
The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) is an urban planning agency of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The APCRDA was established under the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act, 2014 (dissolved in 2020 and reestablished in 2021). The authority has a jurisdictional area of 8,352.69 km2 (3,224.99 sq mi), covering the districts of Guntur, Eluru, NTR, Krishna, Palnadu, and Bapatla.

The CRDA approved land pooling of an additional 20,494 acres from four villages in Amaravati mandal and three villages in Thullur mandal for the development of Amaravati.
Codd
Codd is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Codd (1934–2013), English motorcycle racer

Edgar F. Codd (1923–2003), British computer scientist

Frederick Codd (1831–1888), English Gothic revival architect

Hiram Codd (1838–1887), English engineer who invented and patented the Codd Bottle

Leslie Codd (1908–1999), South African botanist

Mike Codd (born 1939), former senior Australian public servant

Ruth Codd (born 1996), Irish actress and former TikToker

Bernard Codd
Bernard David Codd (1934 – 29 July 2013) was an English professional motorcycle road racer. He was a double winner at the 1956 Isle of Man TT motorcycle race.

Bernard was born in 1934 in Boston, Lincolnshire and he attended Boston Grammar School between 1945 and 1950.

In the Junior (350cc) race, he led all the way for three laps of the Mountain Circuit at an average of over 82 mph.  The same day, on a 500cc for the Senior race, he led the first lap closely followed by Ron Jerrard.  His second lap edged him away, and he continued to pull away to win after the third lap, averaging over 86 mph overall.  His two race times were 1h 22m 40.4s & 1h 18m 40.6s.

In 1957 following the TT, another rider at Crystal Palace hit him from behind.  Injuries to his right leg put an end to his career.

Bernard died on 29 July 2013, aged 79.

Recently published is "Bernard Codd - His Racing" Story by Paul Skinner, available on Amazon

https://imuseum.im/search/collections/events/mnh-event-467.html
Isometroides vescus
Isometroides vescus, also known as the spider-hunting scorpion or spiral burrow scorpion, is a species of scorpion in the Buthidae family. It is native to Australia, and was first described by German arachnologist Ferdinand Karsch in 1880.

Ferdinand Karsch
Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch (2 September 1853, in Münster – 20 December 1936, in Berlin) was a German arachnologist, entomologist and anthropologist. He also wrote on human and animal sexual diversity with his mother's maiden name included as Ferdinand Karsch-Haack from around 1905.
Visual MIMO
Visual MIMO is an optical communication system. The name is derived from MIMO, where the multiple transmitter multiple receiver model has been adopted for light in the visible and non-visible spectrum. In Visual MIMO, a LED or electronic visual display serves as the transmitter, while a camera serves as the receiver.

Electronic visual display
An electronic visual display is a display device that can display images, video, or text that is transmitted electronically. Electronic visual displays include television sets, computer monitors, and digital signage. They are ubiquitous in mobile computing applications like tablet computers, smartphones, and information appliances. Many electronic visual displays are informally referred to as screens, and those that also contain some means of touch input are called touchscreens.

Starting in the early 2000s, flat-panel displays began to dominate the industry, as cathode-ray tubes (CRT) were phased out, especially for computer applications. Starting in the mid 2010s, curved display panels began to be used in televisions, computer monitors, and smartphones.
Hutagalung
Hutagulung is one of Toba Batak clans originating in North Sumatra, Indonesia. People of this clan bear the clan's name as their surname.
Notable people of this clan include:

Jesse Hutagalung (born 1985), Dutch-Indonesian professional tennis player

Nadya Hutagalung (born 1974), Indonesian-Australian model, actress, and presenter

Jesse Huta Galung
Jesse Huta Galung (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɛsə ˈɦutaː ɡaːˈluŋ]; born 6 October 1985) is a former professional Dutch tennis player.

Huta Galung has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 91, achieved on 18 February 2014. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 63, achieved on 19 May 2014.
China National Highway Network Planning (2013–2030)
China National Highway Network Planning (2013–2030)  (Chinese: 国家公路网规划（2013年—2030年）) is a plan by the Chinese Ministry of Transport to significantly expand the China National Highways network. The plan calls for the construction of 50,000 kilometres (31,000 mi) of Expressways and 160,000 kilometres (99,000 mi) of toll-free trunk highways. The expansion plans to connect every county in China by national trunk highway, and every city with a population over 200,000 by expressway. At the publication of the plans in 2013, there were still 18 such cities that lacked an expressway connection, as well as over 900 counties not connected by trunk highways. The cost of the plan is estimated at 4.7 trillion yuan ($767 billion).

A similar planning is active for connecting all provincial capitals and cities over 500,000 inhabitants by high speed railway.

Administrative divisions of China
The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there are five levels of local government; the provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), prefecture, county, township, and village.

Since the 17th century, provincial boundaries in mainland China have remained largely static. Major changes since then have been the reorganization of provinces in the northeast after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and the formation of autonomous regions, based on Soviet ethnic policies. The provinces serve an important cultural role in China, as people tend to identify with their native province.
Castetpugon
Castetpugon (French pronunciation: [kastɛtpyɡɔ̃]; Gascon: Castètpugoû) is a commune of 217 inhabitants in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It belongs to the arrondissement of Pau.

Arrondissement of Pau
The arrondissement of Pau (French: Arrondissement de Pau, Occitan: Distrito de Pau Basque: Paueko barrutia) is an arrondissement of France in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 268 communes. Its population is 311,949 (2021), and its area is 2,548.9 km2 (984.1 sq mi).
Ulmus × diversifolia
Ulmus × diversifolia, also known as the diverse leaved elm, was originally described by Melville in 1939 as a new species, U. diversifolia, though he later believed it a natural hybrid of Coritanian elm, Plot elm and Wych elm. He recorded its distribution in Hertfordshire, between Hatfield, Hertford and Watton-at-Stone, and in Suffolk, where it was common along the coastal plain from Ipswich and Felixstowe to Lowestoft and Beccles, occurring inland as far as Diss and Debenham, and probably extending further north into Norfolk and south towards Colchester, Essex. He accordingly referred to it as "the East Anglian elm".

The inclusion of the disputed  U. coritana in its parentage has affected the reception of U. × diversifolia. Richens, who rejected the former, ignored × diversifolia in his study of East Anglian elms.

Debenham
Debenham is a village and civil parish located 11 miles (18 km) north of Ipswich  in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. The River Deben rises in the parish, and flows along a prolonged ford through the village.
Helene Winterstein-Kambersky
Helene Winterstein-Kambersky, née Vierthaler (13 March 1900 in Vienna – 12 June 1966 in the Hinterbrühl) was a singer and inventor of the world's first waterproof mascara.

Helene Winterstein-Kambersky came from an old family of musicians. She was the great-great-granddaughter of the Salzburg composer and founder of the Austrian elementary school system Michael Vierthaler, who studied music with Mozart's father Leopold and Joseph Haydn as well as being the patron of Franz Schubert, to whom he also dedicated an anthem.

Hinterbrühl
Hinterbrühl (German pronunciation: [ˈhintɐˌbʁyːl] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is home to the Seegrotte, a system of caves including Europe's largest underground lake. During World War II, a satellite camp of Mauthausen concentration camp was opened inside the caverns, producing parts for the He 162 Spatz jet fighter.
Bob Iles
Robert John Iles (born 2 September 1955) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League, as a goalkeeper.

Born in Leicester, Iles joined Chelsea for £10,000 in June 1978 from Southern League Weymouth and made 14 League appearances for the club. His first team opportunities at Chelsea were limited by the form of Peter Bonetti, Petar Borota and Steve Francis. Iles signed for non-league  Wielding in 1983.

Weymouth F.C.
Weymouth Football Club is a semi-professional association football club based in the town of Weymouth, Dorset, England. They currently compete in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of the English football league system. Nicknamed the Terras due to their terracotta strip, they play their home matches at the Bob Lucas Stadium. The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association and is an FA chartered Standard club.
Derek Ibbotson
George Derek Ibbotson MBE (17 June 1932 – 23 February 2017) was an English runner who excelled in athletics in the 1950s. His most famous achievement was setting a new world record in the mile in 1957.

World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many.