hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ronald M. Clowes
Ronald M. Clowes, CM is a professor specializing in seismic and other geophysical studies of the Earth's lithosphere. For his work he has been appointed a member of the Order of Canada.

He completed three degrees while attending the University of Alberta; B.Sc. (1964), M.Sc. (1966), Ph.D. (1969). In 1969–1970, Clowes completed an NRC postdoctoral fellowship at Australian National University. He became a professor at the University of British Columbia in 1970. In 1987, he became the director of Lithoprobe, a national geoscience research project. Clowes continues to teach at UBC as a professor in the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences. His research, with colleagues and students, focuses on seismic and other geophysical studies of the Earth’s lithosphere; and relation of the results to geology and tectonics.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Bostaniçi
Bostaniçi is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of İpekyolu, Van Province, Turkey. Its population is 31,714 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde) in the central district of Van Province.

It lies within the metropolitan area of the city of Van. The Armenian name of the town was Sghka. Bostaniçi is located at the foot of Mount Erek (Erek Dağı), the highest mountain of Van.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
El Anatsui
El Anatsui (/ɛl ˌænətˈsuːi/; born 4 February 1944) is a Ghanaian sculptor active for much of his career in Nigeria. He has drawn particular international attention for his "bottle-top installations". These installations consist of thousands of aluminum pieces sourced from alcohol recycling stations and sewn together with copper wire, which are then transformed into metallic cloth-like wall sculptures. Such materials, while seemingly stiff and sturdy, are actually free and flexible, which often helps with manipulation when installing his sculptures.

Anatsui was included in the 2023 Time 100 list of the world's most influential people. In the article, artist and art historian Okeke-Agulu writes,"The breathtaking combination of experimental rigor and inspired vision turns such unassuming materials as printer’s plates or liquor-bottle caps into the magnificent constructions and compositions displayed around the world.”

Nsukka
Nsukka Listenⓘ is a town and a Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria. Nsukka shares a common border as a town with Edem, Opi (archaeological site), Ede-Oballa, and Obimo.

The postal code of the area is 410001 and 410002 respectively, referring to University of Nigeria Campus, and Nsukka Urban.
Caroline Khodadian
Caroline Khodadian (Armenian: Քարոլին Խոդադյան; Persian: کارولین خدادیان), (born 1978) is the first Iranian-Armenian woman to practice Sufism whirling (Sama) and the creator of the unique dance style "Samamenco".

Sama (Sufism)
Sama, literally Listening, is a Sufi ritual performed as part of the meditation and prayer practice known as Dhikr (in English, Remembrance [of God]). It is discussed by al-Ghazali in his The Alchemy of Happiness.

It is sometimes associated with Rumi, who is said to have fallen into an ecstatic trance after wandering through a city and hearing the name of God in the rhythmic hammering of a goldbeater (hence the name Sama, i.e. hearing/listening).  As an imitation of this, Sama invites the practitioner to reflect on the all-encompassing presence of God, a concept known as tawhid.

Sama often includes singing, playing instruments, dancing, recitation of poetry and prayers, wearing symbolic attire, and other rituals. Sama is a particularly popular form of worship in Sufism.

In 2005, UNESCO confirmed the "Mevlevi Sama Ceremony" of Turkey as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Monguor people
The Monguor people (Monguor: Mongghul), also known as Tu people (Chinese: 土族), White Mongol or Tsagaan Mongol, are a Mongolic people and one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China.

According to the 2000 census, the total population was 241,198, who mostly lived in the Qinghai and the Gansu provinces. The 2010 census gave their number as 289,565, while the 2020 census gave their number at 281,928. The Monguor people speak the Monguor language, which belongs to the family of Mongolic languages but has been heavily influenced by both the local Chinese and Tibetan dialects. Today, nearly all Tu people also speak Chinese. Most are farmers and some keep livestock.

Their culture and the social organizations have been influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and local beliefs. A few Tu in Huzhu and Minhe are Christian, the result of on-going American and Korean missionary work in the area.

Mongolic peoples
The Mongolic peoples are a collection of East Asian-originated ethnic groups in East Asia, North Asia and Eastern Europe, who speak Mongolic languages. Their ancestors are referred to as Proto-Mongols. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the Mongols. Mongolic-speaking people, although distributed in a wide geographical area, show a high genetic affinity to each other, and display continuity with ancient Northeast Asians.
Arsure-Arsurette
Arsure-Arsurette (French pronunciation: [aʁsyʁ aʁsyʁɛt]) is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Its church has a choir dating from the 11th century.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Andrew Glaze
Andrew Glaze (April 21, 1920 – February 7, 2016) was an American poet, playwright and novelist. Much of Glaze's poetry reflects his coming of age in the American South, and his eventual return there. He also lived and wrote in New York City for 31 years. In New York City he became part of a circle of poets that included Oscar Williams, Norman Rosten, John Ciardi and William Packard.

Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)
Shakespeare in the Park (or Free Shakespeare in the Park) is a theatrical program that stages productions of Shakespeare plays at the Delacorte Theater, an open-air theater in New York City's Central Park. The theater and the productions are managed by The Public Theater and tickets are distributed free of charge on the day of the performance. Originally branded as the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF) under the direction of Joseph Papp, the institution was renamed in 2002 as part of a larger reorganization by the Public Theater.
2013 Durand Cup
The 2013 Durand Cup was the 126th season of the Durand Cup, the third oldest football tournament in the world, which is a knock-out competition held in India. Air India were the current holders, having beaten Mumbai Tigers 3–2 on penalties after the match ended 0-0 after 120 minutes in the 2012 Final.

The tournament is held from 2 September to 19 September with all matches at the Ambedkar Stadium in New Delhi.

Air India FC
Air India Football Club is a football section of the same-named Indian institutional multi-sports club. Founded by Anand Prajapati in 1952, the club is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Sponsored by Air India, the club previously played in the Mumbai Football League, and now in the MFA Elite Corporate League.

The club previously competed in the I-League, then top tier of Indian football league system. As multiple champions in various Mumbai competitions, Air India is best known for nurturing youngsters into big time players. Many of these boys have played with distinction for bigger teams in the later years.

In 2005, the team qualified to the National Football League first division, and then 2007 saw Air India finishing 7th and were the Mumbai Harwood Champions in 2005. Considered as one of the "giant killers" in Indian leagues, Air India also appeared in corporate tournaments such as the All India Public Sector League, and ONGC Trophy.
Distrust
Distrust is a formal way of not trusting any one party too much in a situation of grave risk or deep doubt. It is commonly expressed in civics as a division or balance of powers, or in politics as means of validating treaty terms. Systems based on distrust simply divide the responsibility so that checks and balances can operate. The phrase "trust, but verify" refers specifically to distrust.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
1979 Taça de Portugal final
The 1979 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1978–79 Taça de Portugal, the 39th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The final was played at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides Boavista and Sporting CP. As the inaugural final match finished 1–1, the final was replayed a day later at the same venue with Os Axadrezados defeating the Leões 1–0 to claim a third Taça de Portugal.

In Portugal, the final was televised live on RTP. As a result of Boavista winning the Taça de Portugal, Os Axadrezados qualified for the 1979 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira where they took on 1978–79 Primeira Divisão winners Porto.

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the public service broadcasting organisation of Portugal. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings.

The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004.

RTP is funded by a broadcasting contribution tax which is incorporated in electricity bills, and by advertising revenues.
Funicular dos Guindais
The Guindais Funicular (Portuguese: Funicular dos Guindais) is a funicular railway in the Portuguese city of Porto. It connects the Praça da Batalha, situated uphill to the north, with Cais dos Guindais, by the riverside to the south. The upper station is by the terminus of the vintage tram line 22 and within walking distance of São Bento station for metro and railway connections. The lower station is by the lower level of the Dom Luís I Bridge and within walking distance of the Praça da Ribeira.

The modern funicular opened in 2004 and it runs along the same path of a funicular that briefly operated during the 19th century. It runs alongside the remains of the Fernandine Walls.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Quartet Movement in F major, B.120 (Dvořák)
The Quartet Movement in F major, B. 120, is the first movement of a planned string quartet in F major by Antonín Dvořák composed in early October 1881 to fulfill a commission from the Hellmesberger Quartet and abandoned in favour of the String Quartet No. 11 in C major, Op. 61, B. 121.

Jarmil Burghauser
Jarmil Michael Burghauser (born Jarmil Michael Mokrý; 21 October 1921, Písek – 19 February 1997, Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and musicologist.

Burghauser's parents were painters František Viktor Mokrý and Zdenka Burghauserová. He studied piano since he was 6 years old under Jaroslav Křička and later Otakar Jeremiáš. He continued his musical education by studying composition with Václav Talich at Prague Conservatory. From 1948 to 1953 Burghauser was a choirmaster in National Theatre.

After the short-lived Prague Spring, he incurred the disfavor of his country's Communist regime and had to adopt the pseudonym Michal Hájků in order to write a series of compositions in a style which evoked earlier periods of music, called Storia apocrifa della musica Boema.
Çatin, Ortaköy
Çatin (also: Çetin) is a village in the Ortaköy District of Aksaray province in Turkey's Central Anatolia Region. Its population is 433 (2022). The village covers an area of 29.45 square kilometers and has an average elevation of 1,125 meters.

Ortaköy District, Aksaray
Ortaköy District is a district of Aksaray Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Ortaköy. Its area is 727 km2, and its population is 32,130 (2021). It is a rural district centred on the small, quiet town of Ortaköy.
Elliot Lawrence
Elliot Lawrence Broza (February 14, 1925 – July 2, 2021), known professionally as Elliot Lawrence, was an American jazz pianist and bandleader.

Son of the broadcaster Stan Lee Broza, Lawrence led his first dance band at age 20, but he played swing at the time its heyday was coming to a close. He recorded copiously as a bandleader for Columbia, Decca, King, Fantasy, Vik, and SESAC between 1946 and 1960. Lawrence was music director for the Tony awards show.

King Records (United States)
King Records is an American label founded in 1943 by Syd Nathan in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The label owned several divisions, including Federal Records, which launched the career of James Brown. It released original material until 1975.
2012 South American Basketball Championship
The 2012 South American Basketball Championship was the 45th edition of the South American Basketball Championship. Eight teams participated in the competition, held in Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina, from 18 to 22 June 2012 at the Stadium of Club Atlético Sarmiento. Brazil were the defending champions. The top five teams qualified for the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship, which also served as the FIBA Americas' qualifier for the 2014 Basketball World Cup.

Brazil men's national basketball team
The Brazil national basketball team is governed by the Brazilian Basketball Confederation (Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Basketball), abbreviated as CBB. They have been a member of the International Federation of Basketball (FIBA), since 1935. Brazil's national basketball team remains among the most successful in the Americas. It is the only team besides the United States, that has appeared at every FIBA Basketball World Cup, since it was first held in 1950.

Throughout its history, the Brazilian national team has won two FIBA World Cup gold medals (1959 and 1963), three Summer Olympic Games bronze medals (in 1948, 1960 and 1964), five FIBA AmeriCup gold medals (1984, 1988, 2005, 2009 and 2025), and six Pan American Games gold medals (1971, 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2015).
Wally Rhines
Walden C. "Wally" Rhines (born November 11, 1946) is an American engineer and businessman. He is the president and CEO of Cornami, Inc., a fabless semiconductor company focused on fully homomorphic encryption. Previously, he was the president and CEO of Mentor Graphics, a Siemens Business for 23 years and Executive VP of the Semiconductor Group of Texas Instruments for 21 years. Rhines was named overall CEO of the Year by Portland Business Journal in 2012 and Oregon Technology Executive of the Year by the Technology Association of Oregon in 2003. He was named an IEEE Fellow in 2017.

Mentor Graphics
Mentor Graphics Corporation was a US-based electronic design automation (EDA) multinational corporation for electrical engineering and electronics, headquartered in Wilsonville, Oregon. Founded in 1981, the company distributed products that assist in electronic design automation, simulation tools for analog mixed-signal design, VPN solutions, and fluid dynamics and heat transfer tools. The company leveraged Apollo Computer workstations to differentiate itself within the computer-aided engineering (CAE) market with its software and hardware.

Mentor Graphics was acquired by Siemens in 2017. The name was retired in 2021 and renamed Siemens EDA, a segment of Siemens Digital Industries Software.
1900 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1900 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1900.

Incumbent Republican Governor John Riley Tanner retired in order to unsuccessfully run for U.S. Senate.

Republican nominee Richard Yates Jr. defeated Democratic nominee Samuel Alschuler with 51.49% of the vote.

Governor of Illinois
The governor of Illinois is the head of government of Illinois, and the various agencies and departments over which the officer has jurisdiction, as prescribed in the state constitution.  It is a directly elected position, votes being cast by popular suffrage of residents of the state. The governor is responsible for endorsing or vetoing laws passed by the Illinois General Assembly. The office also carries the power of pardon and commutation under state law. The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's land, air and sea forces when they are in state service. Illinois is one of 13 states that does not place a term limit for governor.

The 43rd and current governor is JB Pritzker, a Democrat who took office on January 14, 2019. Pritzker was re-elected in 2022 by a 12% margin.
Way Back Home (Bag Raiders song)
"Way Back Home" is a song by Australian electronic duo Bag Raiders. The song was released in August 2010 as the lead single from their self-title debut album Bag Raiders. The song peaked at number 68 on the ARIA Charts and was voted number 46 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2010.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2010
The 2010 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced and played on January 26, 2011. It is the eighteenth countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J.

Voting commenced at midnight on Monday 20 December 2010, and closed at midnight on Sunday 16 January 2011. 1.26 million votes were recorded from 152 countries, a new record number of votes.
Adolph Klauber
Adolph Klauber (29 April 1879 − 7 December 1933) was an American drama critic and theatrical producer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky to Edward and Caroline Brahms Klauber. He left Louisville after high school to attend the University of Virginia, after which he moved to New York and took a position with the Empire Theatre Company. In 1900 he began working as a reporter for the New York Commercial Advertiser. From there he moved to the New York Tribune, and thence to the New York Times, where he became drama critic in 1906, a post he held for twelve years. It was during this time that he married the actress and playwright Jane Cowl  He then began working with Archibald and Edgar Selwyn, two of the founders of Goldwyn Pictures, later to become part of MGM, and worked for a while there as a casting director.

New York Times Co. v. United States
New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971), often referred to as The Pentagon Papers Case, is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on the First Amendment right to freedom of the press. The ruling made it possible for The New York Times and The Washington Post newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment.

President Richard Nixon had claimed executive authority to force the Times to suspend publication of classified information in its possession. The question before the court was whether the constitutional freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment, was subordinate to a claimed need of the executive branch of government to maintain the secrecy of information. The Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment did protect the right of The New York Times to print the materials.
Akkari-Laban dossier
The Akkari-Laban dossier (Arabic: ملف عكّاري لبن) is a 43-page document which was created by a group of Danish Muslim clerics from multiple organizations set out to present their case and ask for support from Islamic leadership in Egypt, Lebanon and elsewhere, in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.

Among the leadership of the Danish-based "European Committee for Prophet Honouring", formed as an umbrella group of Muslim organizations were Imam Ahmad Abu Laban of the Islamisk Trossamfund and Akhmad Akkari, the spokesman of the group. Danish Sheik Raeed Huleyhel was named head of the group and signed the petition letters.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.