hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stiefel manifold
In mathematics, the Stiefel manifold  is the set of all orthonormal k-frames in  That is, it is the set of ordered orthonormal k-tuples of vectors in  It is named after Swiss mathematician Eduard Stiefel. Likewise one can define the complex Stiefel manifold  of orthonormal k-frames in  and the quaternionic Stiefel manifold  of orthonormal k-frames in . More generally, the construction applies to any real, complex, or quaternionic inner product space.

In some contexts, a non-compact Stiefel manifold is defined as the set of all linearly independent k-frames in  or  this is homotopy equivalent to the more restrictive definition, as the compact Stiefel manifold is a deformation retract of the non-compact one, by employing the Gram–Schmidt process. Statements about the non-compact form correspond to those for the compact form, replacing the orthogonal group (or unitary or symplectic group) with the general linear group.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Antillanca ski resort
Antillanca is a ski resort in the Puyehue National Park, Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile. The nearest city is Osorno, 98 kilometers away.

Antillanca gets its name from the Mapudungun "antü llangka", which means "pearl of the sun".

Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
Mean Machine (song)
"Mean Machine" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It was released as the lead single from the band's debut album, Lemonade and Brownies. The song peaked at No. 45 on the Radio & Records active rock chart.

Biographer Anna Louise Golden described the song as "ruthlessly fast metal" with electronic accents from DJ Lethal. The song's musical style blended British-style hard rock and heavy metal with American rockabilly elements. Golden said the song was "too heavy and fast" to be a bigger chart hit at the time.

DJ Lethal
Leor Dimant (Latvian: Leors Dimants, Russian: Леор Григорьевич Димант, [lʲɪˈor grʲɪˈɡorʲjɪvʲɪd͡ʑ‿dʲɪˈmant]; born December 18, 1972), better known as DJ Lethal, is a Latvian-American DJ, musician, and record producer, best known as a member of the groups House of Pain and Limp Bizkit.
Rauna Paadar-Leivo
Rauna Paadar-Leivo (born 1942) is a Finnish Inari Sámi author who writes children's books, plays and novels in Northern Sámi. She currently lives in Inari and works at the Sami Parliament in Finland. Her books have been translated into Finnish, Norwegian, Russian and Inari Sámi. In 2000, the municipality of Inari awarded her its cultural prize.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Jim Horn (politician)
James A. Horn (born August 31, 1930) is an American politician who served as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 41st district from 1997 to 2005. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1989 to 1997.

Washington's 41st legislative district
Washington's 41st legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature. It covers all of Mercer Island and Newcastle, with portions of Bellevue, Renton, Issaquah, and Sammamish.

The district's legislators are state senator Lisa Wellman and state representatives Janice Zahn (position 1) and My-Linh Thai (position 2), all Democrats.
Gay Fawcett
Gay Fawcett is a retired American slalom canoeist who competed in the late 1960s. She won a bronze medal in the mixed C-2 team event at the 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg St.-Maurice.

Bourg-Saint-Maurice
Bourg-Saint-Maurice (French pronunciation: [buʁ sɛ̃ mɔʁis, - moʁ-] ⓘ; Arpitan: Bôrg-Sant-Mori or simply Le Bôrg), commonly known as Saint-Maurice, is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. Located on the Italian border south of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, it serves as a transport hub for the Paradiski ski area, with direct rail travel from London (Connecting in Lille), Brussels and Amsterdam during the winter.
Andrew Macfarlane
Christianity portal

Andrew Macfarlane (died 1819) was an Anglican clergyman who served as a bishop in the Scottish Episcopal Church in the late 18th and early 19th-century.

He was appointed the Incumbent of Cornyhaugh, Forgue (1769–77), 
followed by the Incumbent of Keith, Ruthven and Aberchirder (1777–79), then the Incumbent of Strathnairn (1779–1817), and the Incumbent of Inverness and Dingwall (1779–1819).

He was consecrated as coadjutor bishop of Moray at Peterhead on 7 March 1787 by bishops Kilgour, Petrie, and Skinner. The following month, Bishop Petrie died on 19 April 1787 and Macfarlane succeeded as Bishop of Moray, as well as Bishop of Ross and Argyll. Macfarlane resigned the See of Moray in 1798, but retained Ross and Argyll until his death at Inverness in 1819.

Ruthven, Aberdeenshire
Ruthven (/ˈrɪvən/, Gaelic: Ruadhainn), Aberdeenshire is a village in Scotland near Huntly (to the south east), and Keith (to the north west). It is traditionally pronounced "Riven".

The "Wow o Riven" was a church bell in the area, and is mentioned in the ballad about Tam o Riven (Thomas Gordon), a knight who lived in The "Wow o Riven" became the title of one of George MacDonald's short stories too, which plays in Ruthven. The hero of the story is the old "fool", who became known as "colonel" and is buried near to the old bell.
Ludwig Späth
Ludwig Späth (1793–1883) was a German botanist and nurseryman. He was father of Franz Ludwig Späth. The Common Lilac cultivar 'Andenken an Ludwig Späth' (French: 'Souvenir de Louis Spaeth') is named in his honour.

Syringa vulgaris
Syringa vulgaris, the lilac or common lilac, is a species of flowering plant in the olive family, Oleaceae. Native to the Balkan Peninsula, it is widely cultivated for its scented flowers in Europe (particularly the north and west) and North America.
Pleuron (Aetolia)
Pleuron (Ancient Greek: Πλευρών, gen.: Πλευρῶνος; Greek: Πλευρώνα, Plevrona or Ασφακοβούνι, Asfakovouni) was a city in ancient Aetolia, Greece. The name refers to two settlements, the older of which was at the foot of Mount Curium between the river Acheloos and the river Evenos, and was mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. The territory of Pleuron was called Pleuronia. The ruins of this more ancient city are 1.5 km to the southeast of the newer one. The circuit wall exhibits "the large roughly shaped stones and small stones in the interstices which are the characteristics of Cyclopean masonry."

Catalogue of Ships
The Catalogue of Ships (Ancient Greek: νεῶν κατάλογος, neōn katálogos) is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the names of the leaders of each contingent, lists the settlements in the kingdom represented by the contingent, sometimes with a descriptive epithet that fills out a half-verse or articulates the flow of names and parentage and place, and gives the number of ships required to transport the men to Troy, offering further differentiations of weightiness. A similar, though shorter, Catalogue of the Trojans and their allies follows (2.816–877). A similar catalogue appears in the Pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheca.
Ambrosiano
The Ambrosiano was a national (domestic) Italian express train which connected Rome with Milan. The name refers to the patron saint of Milan. For its first 13 years it was a Trans Europ Express (TEE) service (train nos. 78/79).

It was introduced on 26 May 1974, after enough Gran Conforto carriages were delivered. The Ambrosiano served the same route as the more famous Settebello, but was locomotive-hauled, rather than using the distinctive ETR 300-type self-propelled trainsets used by the Settebello.  Southbound the train departed Milan in the late afternoon and reached Roma around 11 p.m.  Northbound, it originally departed in mid-morning, reaching Milan around 4 p.m., but the timings were later moved about 2 hours later.

On 31 May 1987, the Ambrosiano was changed from a TEE to a two-class InterCity train (nos. IC 534/535). By 1994, the IC Ambrosiano had been discontinued.

FS Class ETR 300
The ETR 300, also known as "Settebello-type" for its use on the former Settebello train service, is a type of Italian fast electric multiple unit (EMU) trainset formerly operated by Ferrovie dello Stato. The letters ETR stood for elettrotreno rapido (Italian for high-speed electric train). Due to its aerodynamically low-drag profile, it had a maximum speed of 200 km/h (124 mph) and a power output of 2,600 kW (3,500 hp). Manufactured for FS by Breda, a total of only three trainsets were built, numbered ETR 301–303.
Luciano Corrêa
Luciano Ribeiro Corrêa (born 25 November 1982) is a Brazilian judoka, who competes in the ‍–‍100 kg (half heavyweight) category. He was world champion in the 2007 World Judo Championships.

As well as this, Corrêa has won a bronze at the World Judo Championships (2005), and has represented his country at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

2005 World Judo Championships
The 2005 World Judo Championships were the 24th edition of the Judo World Championships, and were held in Cairo, Egypt from September 8 to September 12, 2005. Brazilian João Derly was voted as best performance of the championship. On the last day of competition, team events were held, as South Korea won the men's team event and France won the women's.
2024 Tour of Britain
The 2024 Tour of Britain was a men's professional road cycling stage race. It was the 83rd British tour and the 20th edition of the modern version of the Tour of Britain. The race was part of the 2024 UCI ProSeries.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Patrick Davis (politics)
Patrick Davis is a political consultant and strategist.  Davis has worked in the George H. W. Bush Administration and the National Republican Senatorial Committee, most notably as Political Director in 2004.  Davis also served as the Executive Director of the South Dakota Republican Party before going into private business in 2005.  He lives in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with his wife, Jo Ann, and their two children.

Wayne Allard
Alan Wayne Allard (born December 2, 1943) is an American veterinarian and politician who served as a United States representative (1991–1997) and United States senator (1997–2009) from Colorado, as well as previously a Colorado state senator (1983–1991). A member of the Republican Party, he did not seek re-election to the U.S. Senate in 2008. In February 2009, he began work as a lobbyist at the Livingston Group, a Washington, D.C.–based government relations consulting firm.
Bhuragaon Revenue Circle
Bhuragaon Revenue Circle is a sub-district administrative unit in the state of Assam, India. It is located in the district of Morigaon and is one of the six revenue circles in the district. The circle's headquarter is located in the town of Bhuragaon.

The Bhuragaon Revenue Circle is responsible for the administration and governance of the area under its jurisdiction. It oversees the collection of taxes, maintenance of law and order, and the provision of basic services such as healthcare and education. The revenue circle is headed by a Circle Officer (CO) who is responsible for the overall management of the area.

The economy of the area is primarily based on agriculture, with rice being the major crop. The revenue circle is also home to a number of small-scale industries such as handloom weaving, bamboo and cane crafts, and pottery. The circle has several educational institutions and healthcare facilities to cater to the needs of its residents.

Revenue block
Revenue blocks, revenue circles, firka, or patwar circles are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India. The revenue blocks exist to simplify local administration, and each consists of a small number of revenue villages, governed by a revenue inspector. The revenue inspector is charged with a number of key administrative roles, most notably the identification and collection of tax revenue. Sometimes the land area in a revenue circle is identified as an inspector land revenue circle for administrative purposes. While revenue blocks may be as large as or larger than a tehsildar, revenue circles are generally smaller. In the state of Tamil Nadu alone, there are 1,349 revenue blocks.
Raíces (Colomer)
Raíces, música per a un aniversari (Catalan: Roots, music for an anniversary), often referred to as Raíces, is a composition for symphonic band by Valencian composer Juan J. Colomer. It was commissioned by the Alzira Musical Society and finished in November 1998. It was eventually premiered on December 21, 1998, performed by the Symphonic Band of the Alzira Musical Society and conducted by Ángel Crespo García, in his home town, Alzira.

Alzira, Spain
Alzira, also known as Alcira, is a city and municipality of  49,000 inhabitants (62,094 floating population) in Valencia, eastern Spain. It is the capital of the comarca of Ribera Alta in the province of Valencia. The city is the heart of the second largest urban agglomeration in the province, with a population of over 100,000.
Venesat-1
VeneSat-1, also known as Simón Bolívar (named after Venezuelan independence fighter Simón Bolívar), was the first Venezuelan satellite. It was designed, built and launched by the CGWIC subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It was a communications satellite operating from a geosynchronous orbit. The satellite was launched on a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center Launch Complex 2 on 29 October 2008 at 16:53 UTC.

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is a main contractor for the Chinese space program. It is state-owned and has subsidiaries which design, develop and manufacture a range of spacecraft, launch vehicles, and ground equipment. It also has a division for strategic and tactical missile systems.
Bełdów
Bełdów [ˈbɛu̯duf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 16 km (10 mi) west of Zgierz, and 20 km (12 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz
Zgierz [zɡʲɛʂ] ⓘ is a city in central Poland, located just to the north of Łódź, and part of the Łódź metropolitan area. As of 2021, it had a population of 54,974. Located within the historic Łęczyca Land, it is the capital of Zgierz County in the Łódź Voivodeship.
Alok Ranjan Jha
Alok Ranjan is an Indian politician from Bihar and Former Minister of the Art, Culture & Youth department Bihar Government. Alok Ranjan won the Saharsa Assembly constituency on the BJP ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

Government of Bihar
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.
2010 Dutch National Track Championships – Women's scratch
The women's scratch at the 2010 Dutch National Track Championships in Apeldoorn took place at Omnisport Apeldoorn on December 30, 2010. 18 athletes participated in the contest.

Winanda Spoor won the gold medal, Roxane Knetemann took silver and Ellen van Dijk won the bronze.

Scratch race
A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps.

UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for Elite Men and 10 km for Elite Women. Shorter distances of 10 km for men and 7.5 km for women may be used for qualifying rounds. Racers line up along the inner sprinter's rail and along the outer railing. The riders take a neutralised lap before the starting pistol is fired for the official start. A lapped rider must leave the race once they are overtaken by the peloton.  There are no intermediate points or sprints. One tactic is for a rider, or more often a group of riders, to break away and attempt to gain a lap on the rest of the field. The peloton cannot be lapped; but that rider or those riders cannot be beaten by anyone in the peloton.

The format favors endurance sprinters.
Digital sublime
The digital sublime is the mythologization of the impact of computers and cyberspace on human experiences of time, space and power. It is also known as cyber sublime or algorithmic sublime. It is a philosophical conception of emotions that captivate the collective conscience with the emergence of these new technologies and the promises and predictions that emerge from them. These emotions are the awe, the astonishment, the rationality-subsuming glory, and the generally intense spiritual experience.

This feeling is essentially provoked by intentionally black-boxed algorithms or by the lack of knowledge about algorithms. The sublime can be either utopian or dystopian depending on the individual's interpretation of their emotional response. The utopian interpretation of the digital sublime is known as digital utopianism and the dystopian is referred to as digital dystopia.

Awe
Awe is an emotion comparable to wonder but less joyous. On Robert Plutchik's wheel of emotions awe is modeled as a combination of surprise and fear.

One dictionary definition is "an overwhelming feeling of reverence, admiration, fear, etc., produced by that which is grand, sublime, extremely powerful, or the like: [e.g.] in awe of God; in awe of great political figures." Another dictionary definition is a "mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might: [e.g.] We felt awe when contemplating the works of Bach. The observers were in awe of the destructive power of the new weapon."

In general, awe is directed at objects considered to be more powerful than the subject, such as the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Grand Canyon, the vastness of the cosmos, or a deity.
Stalag IV-A
Stalag IV-A  Elsterhorst was a World War II German Army prisoner-of-war camp located south of the village of Elsterhorst (now Nardt), near Hoyerswerda in Saxony, 44 kilometres (27 mi) north-east of Dresden (this should not however be confused with Stalag IV-A Hohnstein, which was located 20 miles ENE of Dresden). It held Polish, French, Belgian, British, Serbian, Soviet, Dutch, Italian, American, Slovak, Czech, Bulgarian and other Allied POWs.

Hoyerswerda
Hoyerswerda (German: [hɔʏɐsˈvɛʁda] ⓘ) or Wojerecy (Upper Sorbian: [ˈwɔjɛʁɛtsɨ] ⓘ) is a major district town in the district of Bautzen in the German state of Saxony. It is located in the Sorbian settlement area of Upper Lusatia, in which the Upper Sorbian language is spoken in addition to German.

Hoyerswerda is divided into the Old Town and the New Town, surrounded by village areas. The Old Town is the historical centre with many old houses and sight-seeing attractions, the New Town is more modern and varicoloured. Prior to the renovation of the town, prefabricated apartment blocks predominated in this area.

The town has many lakes, marshes and waterways in its surrounding area, because of its situation in Lusatia. This brings many tourists to spend their holidays there. It is attractive for cyclists and inline skaters who use recently created paths meandering among the lakes.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's road time trial B
The women's time trial B road cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 31 August 2021, at Flamengo Park, Pontal. 8 riders (and pilots) competed in the event.

The B classification is for cyclists with visual impairment. Sighted guides act as pilots in these events, which take place on tandem bikes.

Flamengo Park
Flamengo Park, also known as Aterro do Flamengo, Eduardo Gomes Park, and Aterro do Brigadeiro Eduardo Gomes, is the largest public park and recreation area within the city of Rio de Janeiro, in eastern Brazil, and the largest urban seaside park in the world.

The park is located along Guanabara Bay, in the Flamengo neighborhood of the city, between Downtown Rio and Copacabana.