hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karakapı
Karakapı, possibly known in antiquity as Mysthia or Mysty,  is a town (belde) in the Altunhisar District, Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,425 (2022). The town is situated in the Central Anatolian plains to the south of Hasandağı volcano. The distance to Altunhisar is  20 kilometres (12 mi). The town was captured by Seljuk Turks during the reign of Suleyman I of Rum in the second half of the 11th century. After the rule of Karamanids, it was captured by the Ottomans in the 15th century during the reign of Mehmet II. In 1999 the settlement was declared a seat of township. The town economy depends on dry agriculture. Some Karakapı citizens work in services in the cities.

Karamanids
The Karamanids (Turkish: Karamanoğulları or Karamanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman (Turkish: Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was a Turkish Anatolian beylik (principality) of Salur tribe origin, descended from Oghuz Turks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
Noticias Uno
Noticias Uno (known from 1992 to 2002 as NTC Noticias) is a nightly Colombian newscast produced by NTC Televisión and aired weekends and holidays on pay TV channel CableNoticias. The program was formerly on state-owned privately run Canal Uno.

Until 2011 its director was Daniel Coronell; since mid-2011 he was replaced by Cecilia Orozco Tascón. Silvia Corzo, Néstor Morales, María Fernanda Navia and Germán Arango are its presenters.

The newscast is known for being critical of former president Álvaro Uribe Vélez and keeping distance with former president Juan Manuel Santos. From 14 August 2017, the presenter is the former Caracol Televisión, Mábel Lara. The program was cancelled during September 2019. As of 1 December, the program airs on pay television channel CableNoticias

Canal 1
Canal 1 (English: Channel 1; pronounced "Canal Uno" (Spanish pronunciation: [kanˈal ˈuno]) is a Colombian free-to-air television channel. It is owned by HMTV1, a subsidiary of Hemisphere Media Group and managed by Phoenix Media, a private company. From 1957 to 2017, the channel was administered by private programming companies known as programadoras (television production companies; literally, "programmers"), which bid for time slots with the Colombian state.
Household production function
Consumers often choose not directly from the commodities that they purchase, but from commodities they transform into goods through a household production function. It is these goods that they value.  The idea was originally proposed by Gary Becker, Kelvin Lancaster, and Richard Muth in the mid-1960s. The idea was introduced simultaneously into macroeconomics in two separate papers by Jess Benhabib, Richard Rogerson, and Randall Wright (1991); and Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz (1991). Household production theory has been used to explain the rise in married female labor-force participation over the course of the 20th century, as the result of labor-saving appliances. More recently with the rise of the DIY or Maker movement household production has become more sophisticated. For example, consumers can now convert plastic wire into high-value products with inexpensive 3-D printers in their own homes.

Maker culture
The maker culture is a contemporary subculture representing a technology-based extension of DIY culture that intersects with hardware-oriented parts of hacker culture and revels in the creation of new devices as well as tinkering with existing ones. The maker culture in general supports open-source hardware. Typical interests enjoyed by the maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as electronics, robotics, 3-D printing, and the use of computer numeric control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking, woodworking, and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts.

The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies, and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture.
Patrick Boland (Irish politician)
Patrick Boland was an Irish politician and farmer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the June 1927 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until he retired from politics at the 1954 general election.

Laois–Offaly
Laois–Offaly (formerly King's County–Queen's County, Leix–Offaly and Laoighis–Offaly) was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland), from 1921 to 2016 and again from 2020 to 2024. The constituency elected deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Prince Sigismund of Prussia (born 1896)
Prince William Victor Charles Augustus Henry Sigismund of Prussia (German: Wilhelm Viktor Karl August Heinrich Sigismund; 27 November 1896 at Kiel – 14 November 1978 at Puntarenas, Costa Rica), was the second son of Prince Henry of Prussia and Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine. He was the nephew of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsarina Alexandra of Russia. As the great-grandson of Queen Victoria through both his parents, he was the only one of three brothers who did not have the hemophilia common among her descendants.

Haemophilia in European royalty
Haemophilia figured prominently in the history of European royalty in the 19th and 20th centuries. Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of the United Kingdom, through two of their five daughters – Princess Alice and Princess Beatrice – passed the mutation to various royal houses across the continent, including the royal families of Spain, Germany and Russia. Victoria's youngest son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, also had the disease, though none of her three elder sons did. Tests on the remains of the Romanov imperial family show that the specific form of haemophilia passed down by Queen Victoria was probably the relatively rare haemophilia B. The presence of haemophilia B within the European royal families was well known, with the condition once popularly termed the 'royal disease.'
Pretty Girl (Maggie Lindemann song)
"Pretty Girl" is a song by American singer and songwriter Maggie Lindemann. It is her first major-label single, and was released on September 30, 2016, through 300 Entertainment. The song was written by Lindemann, Sasha Sloan, and Sean Myer, with the production being handled by Jayson DeZuzio.

Sasha Alex Sloan
Alexandra Artourovna Yatchenko (born March 11, 1995), known professionally as Sasha Alex Sloan (previously Sasha Sloan), is an American singer-songwriter. Her debut album, Only Child, was released on October 16, 2020. It was met with critical acclaim by music critics, deeming it as a solid and outspoken debut album. Sloan's second studio album I Blame the World was released on May 13, 2022.
World Out of Mind!
World Out of Mind is also the title of a science fiction novel by J. T. McIntosh

World Out of Mind is a Man or Astro-man? 7-inch EP released on Estrus Records in 1995. It was released exclusively on clear yellow-orange vinyl. Art Chantry designed/illustrated the cover. The cover is die-cut, with a rounded top and 3 lightning bolts cut out.

Art Chantry
Arthur Samuel Wilbur Chantry II (born April 9, 1954) is an American graphic designer. He is most known for posters and album cover designs for bands from the Pacific Northwest, such as Mudhoney, Mono Men, Soundgarden, and The Sonics.
Wisconsin's 11th Assembly district
The 11th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in southeast Wisconsin, the district is entirely contained within north-central Milwaukee County.  It comprises parts of the north side of the city of Milwaukee, including the Thurston Woods, Brynwood, Graceland, and  Old North Milwaukee.  It also contains the Havenwoods State Forest. The district is represented by Democrat Sequanna Taylor, since 2025.

The 11th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 4th Senate district, along with the 10th and 12th Assembly districts.

Havenwoods State Forest
Havenwoods State Forest is a 237-acre (960,000 m2) property managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources within the city limits of Milwaukee. The forest was created to provide an urban green space and environmental education center.

The land includes grasslands, woods, wetlands, Lincoln Creek, an urban arboretum, and education gardens. The Environmental Awareness Center includes an auditorium, classrooms, displays, and a resource center. There are trails for nature study, hiking, biking, and cross-country skiing. Schoenecker Park abuts the property on the northeast.

Havenwoods is open from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. daily. A state park vehicle admission sticker is not required to use the park.
Ho Chin-ping
Ho Chin-ping (Chinese: 何盡平; born 23 October 1983) is a male Taiwanese long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China.

Ho is from Kinmen. He attended the National Taiwan Sport University, where he was coached by Hsu Gi-sheng.

National Taiwan Sport University
25°01′55.3″N 121°23′12.0″E﻿ / ﻿25.032028°N 121.386667°E﻿ / 25.032028; 121.386667

The National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU; Chinese: 國立體育大學) is a public university specializing in sports in Taoyuan, Taiwan.

NTSU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs, including bachelor's and master's degrees in fields such as sports science, physical education, leisure and recreation management, sports coaching, athletic training, and sports medicine. The university also offers doctoral programs in sports science and physical education.
Nick Owcharuk
Nick Owcharuk is an American retired soccer goalkeeper who played professionally in the American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League and North American Soccer League.

In 1976, Owcharuk signed with the Minnesota Kicks of the North American Soccer League.  He played three games, then was released.  He joined the San Diego Sockers in the early part of the 1978 season, then moved to the Tulsa Roughnecks in 1979.  He played a handful of games for the Roughnecks during the 1979–1980 NASL indoor season.  In the fall of 1980, he signed with the Phoenix Inferno of the Major Indoor Soccer League.  In 1981, he played for the Rochester Flash of the American Soccer League.

Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984)
The Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984) were a North American Soccer League (NASL) team from Tulsa, Oklahoma. It played its home games at Skelly Stadium on the campus of the University of Tulsa. The team, previously Team Hawaii, moved to Tulsa after the 1977 season. In 1983, Alex Skotarek became general manager and led one of the lowest-budgeted teams in the NASL to a championship, defeating Toronto, 2–0, at Soccer Bowl '83.

Shortly after the Tulsa Roughnecks victory of the 1983 Soccer Bowl, President Ronald Reagan sent congratulatory remarks to the team as they carried the trophy in a celebration parade through downtown Tulsa. Until the Oklahoma City Thunder won the NBA Finals in 2025, the Roughnecks were the only major professional team from Oklahoma to win a championship.
Kilsby Tunnel
The Kilsby Tunnel is a railway tunnel on the West Coast Main Line in England, near the village of Kilsby in Northamptonshire, roughly 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Rugby. It is 2,423 yards (2,216 m) long.

The Kilsby Tunnel was designed and engineered by Robert Stephenson for the London & Birmingham Railway (L&BR). It was constructed by contractors Joseph Nowell & Sons and later by the L&BR. It took much longer to construct and exceeded its estimated cost, attributed to a roof collapse and consequential flooding. At the time of its opening in 1838, it was the longest railway tunnel ever constructed.

The tunnel had atypically large ventilation shafts, because of a lack of experience as to how much ventilation would be needed for steam locomotives to pass through. In March 1987, Kilsby Tunnel portals and its two ventilation shafts  were given listed status.

Ventilation shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air.

In architecture, an airshaft, also known as a lightwell, is typically a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra sunlight inside.
JCSAT-4B
JCSAT-4B, known as JCSAT-13 (formerly known as Lippostar-1) before launch, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group (JSAT). It was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform.

SKY Perfect JSAT
The SKY Perfect JSAT Group is a Japanese corporate group that claims to be Asia's largest satellite communication and multi-channel pay TV company. It owns the SKY PerfecTV! satellite broadcasting service and the SKY Perfect Well Think content studio, among other businesses.

SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. (株式会社スカパーJSATホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Sukapā JSAT Holdings) (TYO: 9412) is the holding company for the group, and holds 100% of the shares of SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (スカパーJSAT株式会社, Sukapā JSAT Kabushiki-gaisha), the group's main operating company.
Ben Westlund
Bernard John "Ben" Westlund II (September 3, 1949 – March 7, 2010) was an American politician in the U.S. state of Oregon. A Democrat, he was elected State Treasurer in 2008. Previously, Westlund served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, as a Republican from 1996 to 2006, as an independent from 2006 to 2007, and then as a Democrat. Westlund dropped his Republican party affiliation to run for Governor of Oregon in the 2006 election, but dropped out of the race in August. In December 2006 he became a Democrat. Westlund worked as a business analyst, and ran businesses in mining, ranching, and agriculture.

Business analyst
A business analyst (BA) is a person who processes, interprets and documents business processes, products, services and software through analysis of data. The role of a business analyst is to ensure business efficiency increases through their knowledge of both IT and business function.

Some tasks of a business analyst include creating detailed business analysis, budgeting and forecasting, business strategising, planning and monitoring, variance analysis, pricing, reporting and defining business requirements for stakeholders. The business analyst role is applicable to four key areas/levels of business functions – operational, project, enterprise and competitive focuses. Each of these areas of business analysis have a significant impact on business performance, and assist in enhancing profitability and efficiency in all stages of the business process, and across all business functions.
Liberation Movement (Serbia)
Liberation Movement (Serbian: Покрет ослобођење, romanized: Pokret oslobođenje) is a right-wing national conservative and russophilic political organization in Serbia. It was founded in 2020 by Mlađan Đorđević, a Serbian politician and businessman who served as an Advisor for Kosovo and Metohija to the 3rd President of Serbia, Boris Tadić as well as the Deputy Minister of the National Investment Plan from 2007 to 2008.

Ministry of National Investment Plan (Serbia)
The Ministry of National Investment Plan of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Министарство за Национални инвестициони план / Ministarstvo za Nacionalni investicioni plan) was the ministry in the Government of Serbia. The ministry was merged into the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development on 14 March 2011.
Nu'aym ibn al-Waddah al-Azdi
Nu'aym ibn al-Waddah al-Azdi (Arabic: نعيم بن الوضاح الأزدي) was a ninth century military commander and governor of the Yemen for the Abbasid Caliphate.

Nu'aym is mentioned as one of Tahir ibn al-Husayn's commanders during the Siege of Baghdad (812–813), when he was sent by Tahir to garrison a southern suburb of the city. Subsequently he was appointed as governor, along with al-Muzaffar ibn Yahya al-Kindi, of the Yemen in 821, and during their co-governorship the two shared joint administration of the country, with Nu'aym exercising authority in Sana'a and al-Muzaffar in al-Janad. They remained in control over the Yemen until al-Muzaffar died, after which Nu'aym was replaced with Muhammad ibn 'Abdallah ibn Muhriz.

Sanaa Governorate
Sanaa (Arabic: صَنْعَاء Ṣanʿāʾ), also spelled San'a' or Sana, is a governorate of Yemen. The capital is Sanaa, which is also the national capital. However, the city of Sanaa is not part of the governorate but instead forms the separate governorate of Amanat Al-Asemah. The Governorate covers an area of 13,850 km2 (5,350 sq mi). As of 2004, the population was 2,918,379 inhabitants. Within this place is Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb or Jabal Hadhur, the highest mountain in the nation and the Arabian Peninsula.
Viacheslav Emeliantsev
Viacheslav Sergeyevich Emeliantsev (Russian: Вячеслав Сергеевич Емельянцев; born 4 May 1994) is a Russian Paralympic swimmer. He represented Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Regan Yee
Regan Yee (born 4 July 1995) is a Canadian athlete who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase. She has represented Canada at the 2019, 2022, and 2023 World Athletics Championships as well as at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
Kuala Muda F.A.
Kuala Muda Football Association (Malay: Persatuan Bola Sepak Daerah Kuala Muda) is a Malaysian football club based in Kuala Muda District, Sungai Petani, Kedah. It plays in the third tier of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia A2 Amateur League.

Sungai Petani
Sungai Petani  (abbr. Sg. Petani or SP) is a city in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia. The population of the municipal area of Sungai Petani is larger than Kedah's state capital, Alor Setar. It is located about 55 km south of Alor Setar, and 33 km northeast of George Town, the capital city of the neighbouring state of Penang.
Mu Se Township
Mu Se Township (Burmese: မူဆယ်မြို့နယ်, MLCTS: mu hcai mrui. nai; Shan: ၸႄႈဝဵင်းမူႇၸေႈ) is a township of Mu Se District in northern Shan State of eastern Myanmar. The principal town and administrative center is Muse. It is the terminus of Mandalay-Lashio-Muse road.

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Semantic reasoner
A semantic reasoner, reasoning engine, rules engine, or simply a reasoner, is a piece of software able to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts or axioms. The notion of a semantic reasoner generalizes that of an inference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. The inference rules are commonly specified by means of an ontology language, and often a description logic language.  Many reasoners use first-order predicate logic to perform reasoning; inference commonly proceeds by forward chaining and backward chaining. There are also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including non-axiomatic reasoning systems, and probabilistic logic networks.

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Chapra, Bihar Assembly constituency
Chapra (pronounced Chhapra) is an assembly constituency in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar.  In 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Chapra was one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.

Saran district
Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar. The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga, Hathwa Raj, Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj.
Pollock Halls of Residence
Pollock Halls of Residence is the largest halls of residence for the University of Edinburgh, located in St Leonard's, Edinburgh, Scotland, near the foot of Arthur's Seat. The complex of buildings houses more than 2,000 undergraduate students during term time, and is available to the public as bed and breakfast-style accommodation outside of the teaching term. While some of the buildings date from the 19th century, the majority of Pollock Halls dates from the 1960s and early 2000s. Pollock Halls are located on the edge of Holyrood Park, 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) southeast of the centre of Edinburgh, and 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) from the university's central area around George Square.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.