hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
H. Wallace Knapp
Horatio Wallace Knapp (March 31, 1869 – April 4, 1929) was an American politician who represented Clinton County in the New York State Assembly over the course of 1903, 1904, 1905 and 1906; and in the New York State Senate during 1907 and 1908.

Clinton County, New York
Clinton County is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 79,843. Its county seat is the city of Plattsburgh. The county lies just south of the border with the Canadian province of Quebec, and to the west of the State of Vermont. The county is named for George Clinton, the first Governor of New York, who later was elected as Vice President. He had been a Founding Father who represented New York in the Continental Congress. Clinton County comprises the Plattsburgh, New York micropolitan statistical area. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Afzal Rahman Khan
Afzal Akram Rahman Khan (Urdu: افضل رحمان خان; 1921–1983; popularly known as  Admiral A. R. Khan), HQA, HPk, HJ, was a Pakistan Navy admiral, politician, and the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy, serving under President Ayub Khan from 1959 until 1966. He is noted for being the longest serving commander-in-chief of navy and was responsible for launching and introducing the submarine program in the navy.

Later, he served in Ayub Khan's administration simultaneously as Interior Minister and Defence Minister, until he resigned when General Yahya Khan, Army Commander-in-Chief, enforced martial law in 1969.

Commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy in 1938, Khan served in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 in non-combat operations. He earned notability and prestige when he commanded the Pakistan Navy against Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Stratocracy
A stratocracy is a form of government headed by military chiefs. The branches of government are administered by military forces, the government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue, and is usually carried out by military workers.
William Henry Johnson
William Henry Johnson is the name of:

William Henry Johnson (valet) (died 1864), part-time valet and barber to Abraham Lincoln

William Henry Johnson (VC) (1890–1945), English First World War recipient of the Victoria Cross

Henry Johnson (World War I soldier) (born William Henry Johnson, 1892–1929), American First World War recipient of the Medal of Honor

William H. Johnson (artist) (born William Henry Johnson, 1901–1970), African-American painter

Peerie Willie Johnson (1920–2007), Scottish folk guitarist and bassist

Zip the Pinhead (1842–1926), American freak show performer

William Henry Johnson (valet)
William Henry Johnson (March 4, 1833 – January 28, 1864) was a free African American and a sometime personal valet of Abraham Lincoln. Having first worked for Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois, Johnson accompanied the President-Elect to Washington, D.C. for his first inauguration (1861).

Once there, he was employed in various jobs, part-time as President's valet and barber, and later, following strife with others on the White House staff, as a messenger for the Treasury Department at $600 (equivalent to US$20,998 in 2024) per year. Johnson traveled with Lincoln in November 1863 to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address. While traveling, Lincoln experienced symptoms of the onset of smallpox. At that time, an epidemic was spreading through Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's son Tad Lincoln had smallpox. Johnson tended to Lincoln and became quite ill by January 12, 1864, when he was admitted to a hospital. Johnson died within the next couple of weeks.
Chile–Spain relations
The Republic of Chile and the Kingdom of Spain have maintained historical and diplomatic ties. Both nations are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, Organization of Ibero-American States, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
The Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española; ASALE) is an entity whose end is to work for the unity, integrity, and growth of the Spanish language. It was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish-speaking world. The association publishes reference works on the Spanish language and commemorative editions of Hispanic literature, among other publications.
Bradshaw Crandell
Bradshaw Crandell (June 14, 1896 – January 25, 1966) was an American artist and illustrator. He was known as the "artist of the stars". Among those who posed for Crandell were Carole Lombard, Bette Davis, Judy Garland, Veronica Lake and Lana Turner. In 1921, he began his career with an ad for Lorraine hair nets sold exclusively by F. W. Woolworth. His first cover illustration was the May 28, 1921 issue for the humor magazine Judge. In later life, he went from illustrations to oil-on-canvas paintings which included political figures. He also provided poster work for 20th Century Fox. In 2006, he was inducted into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame. In March 2010, an illustration for the 1952 Dutch Treat Club yearbook of Crandell's sold for $17,000.

Dutch Treat Club
The Dutch Treat Club is a society of illustrators, writers and performers based in New York City. Primarily social in nature, the club has had as members such leading literary figures and humorists as Robert Benchley, Rube Goldberg, Robert M. McBride, and Ogden Nash.
Mark of the Caves
The precise dates of the lives of hermit Mark of the Caves, (also known as Mark the Grave-digger) and the two brothers Theophil and John are not recorded, however, their story is preserved in the Kiev Caves Paterikon.

Mark is noted for his service to Theophil and John in the paterikon because of his gift of discernment and powerful vocation of intercession with the Lord.

Mark, Theophil and John are commemorated 29 December in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic Churches.

Greek Catholic Church
The Greek-Catholic Churches, which fall within the "Eastern Catholic Churches" or "Catholic Churches of Eastern rite", constitute the corpus of churches in communion with the Bishop of Rome and observing, by long tradition, the Byzantine Rite. They are still called "Greek-Catholic" to highlight the "Greek" rite (as the Byzantine rite was called in the past, having the Greek koinè as the common ecclesiastical lingua franca of the various Christian peoples of the East) and the union with the papacy.
POVM
In functional analysis and quantum information science, a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) is a measure whose values are positive semi-definite operators on a Hilbert space. POVMs are a generalization of projection-valued measures (PVM) and, correspondingly, quantum measurements described by POVMs are a generalization of quantum measurement described by PVMs (called projective measurements).

In rough analogy, a POVM is to a PVM what a mixed state is to a pure state. Mixed states are needed to specify the state of a subsystem of a larger system (see purification of quantum state); analogously, POVMs are necessary to describe the effect on a subsystem of a projective measurement performed on a larger system.

POVMs are the most general kind of measurement in quantum mechanics, and can also be used in quantum field theory. They are extensively used in the field of quantum information.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Alfred Peal
Alfred Peal was a farmer and state legislator in Mississippi. He was born in Mississippi and was enslaved. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from Marshall County, Mississippi in 1874 and 1875.

He was among the Republican leaders who pledged support for the renomination of congressman A. R. Howe.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
German ship Augsburg
A number of German ships have been named Augsburg for the city of Augsburg:

German corvette Augsburg of the Braunschweig class.

German frigate Augsburg (F213) of the Bremen class.

German frigate Augsburg (F222) of the Köln class.

SMS Augsburg, a Kolberg-class cruiser of the Imperial German Navy.

SS Augsburg, a cargo steamship that disappeared at sea in 1912.

Bremen-class frigate
The eight F122 Bremen-class frigates of the German Navy was a series of frigates commissioned between 1982 and 1990. The design was based on the proven and robust Dutch Kortenaer class but used a different propulsion system and hangar lay-out. The ships were built for anti-submarine warfare as a primary task although they were not fitted with towed array sonars. They were also equipped for anti-surface warfare, while having anti-aircraft warfare point defences. The Bremen class frigates replaced both the Zerstörer 1 class destroyers and the Köln class frigates.

This class of ship was one of the last to be constructed under post-war displacement limitations imposed by the WEU on West Germany.

All eight Bremen-class frigates were replaced by the F125-class frigate. Prior to that the Bremen class served as the backbone of the German Navy.
Football in Zambia
Association football is the most popular sport in Zambia. The sport of football in the country of Zambia is run by the Football Association of Zambia. The association administers the national male and female teams, as well as the Premier League, and the Women Super Division. 1993 Zambia national football team air disaster is considered one of the most signification moments in Zambian football.

Zambia women's national football team
The Zambia women's national association football team represents Zambia in association football, participating in qualifying tournaments for the FIFA Women's World Cup and other African-based competitions. Nicknamed Copper Queens. It made its debut in the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, becoming the first landlocked nation in Africa to qualify for a senior World Cup in either men's or women's soccer.
Kerryn Rim
Kerryn Michelle Pethybridge-Rim (born as Kerryn Michelle Pethybridge on 7 September 1962 in Myrtleford) is an Australian biathlete who competed at three Winter Olympics from 1992 to 1998. On her debut, she came 39ths and 32nd out of 68 and 66 competitors respectively in the 7.5 km and 10 km events. In 1994, she came 21st and 8th out of 69 and 68 racers in the 7.5 km and 15 km events respectively. In 1998 she became a triple Olympian and finished 47th and 43rd in the same two events. There were 64 competitors in each race. Rim's result remains the only top 20 finish by an Australian in the discipline of biathlon.

Myrtleford
Myrtleford is a town in northeast Victoria, Australia, 282 km (175 miles) northeast of Melbourne and 47 km (29 miles) southeast of Wangaratta. Myrtleford is part of the Alpine Shire local government area and in 2021 the town had a population of 3,285.
Marshes Creek
Marshes Creek is a tidal tributary of the Rahway River in Linden, New Jersey, United States.

The land surrounding Marshes Creek is largely industrial except for the residential Tremley Point neighborhood at the headwaters of Marshes Creek.  Severe flooding from the creek is common; rainfall is one factor, with impaired storm water runoff and insufficient conveyance capacity The area is also susceptible to tidal flooding, exacerbated by low lying elevation, sea level rise and loss of historic coastal wetlands.

In 2012 Hurricane Sandy produced a 15-foot tidal surge in Tremley Point. Homes and roads were destroyed and hazardous material washed up. Beginning in 2014, using HUD funding, New Jersey started buying out Tremley Point homes in flood prone areas. "Where retreat is the only option," demolished homes will be replaced by open spaces.  The plan is to restore 190 acres of degraded tidal salt marshes and floodplain forest and meadow, so they might be a buffer against storm surges

Flood-meadow
A flood-meadow (or floodmeadow) is an area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. Flood-meadows are distinct from water-meadows in that the latter are artificially created and maintained, with flooding controlled on a seasonal and even daily basis.
Harry Neumann
Harry C. Neumann (sometimes billed as Harry Neuman, Harry Newman, or Harry Newmann; February 11, 1891 – January 14, 1971) of Chicago, Illinois, was a Hollywood cinematographer whose career spanned over forty years, including work on some 350 productions in a wide variety of genres, with much of his work being in Westerns (including several John Wayne films), and gangster films.

He began working as a cinematographer or director of photography in 1918, the Golden Age of the silent film era; his last film was the 1959 science fiction-horror film, The Wasp Woman. Over the course of his career, he also worked on early attempts at a 3-D film, including William Cameron Menzies' last film, The Maze. Neumann also did cinematography for episodes of TV series, including The Court of Last Resort, The Adventures of Champion, and Death Valley Days.

Neumann died on January 14, 1971, in Hollywood, California.

3D film
3D films are motion pictures made to give an illusion of three-dimensional solidity, usually with the help of special glasses worn by viewers. 3D films were prominently featured in the 1950s in American cinema and later experienced a worldwide resurgence in the 1980s and 1990s driven by IMAX high-end theaters and Disney-themed venues. 3D films became increasingly successful throughout the 2000s, peaking with the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009, after which 3D films again decreased in popularity. Certain directors have also taken more experimental approaches to 3D filmmaking, most notably celebrated auteur Jean-Luc Godard in his film Goodbye to Language.
Mohit Raina
Mohit Raina (born 14 August 1985) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films and television. He started his acting career with a science fiction show Antariksh (2004) and later went on to play a role in Don Muthu Swami (2008). He is best known for the lead role of the Hindu god Shiva in the television series Devon Ke Dev – Mahadev and Mahabharat, prior to which he is known for the roles as lead in Chehra , Ganga Kii Dheej and supporting role in Bandini.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Special Edition (film)
Special Edition is a 1938 British thriller film directed by Redd Davis and starring Lucille Lisle, John Garrick and Norman Pierce.

It was made by at Isleworth Studios as a quota quickie for released by Paramount British Pictures.

Redd Davis
Redd Davis (1896–?) was a Canadian film director and producer who directed more than twenty films between 1932 and 1942. He was born in Canada in 1896, but he moved to Britain where he directed his first film The Spare Room in 1932. He worked mainly at Twickenham Studios in west London. In 1937 he directed Underneath the Arches his most successful film.
Ukraine's 202nd electoral district
48°09′37″N 25°43′18″E﻿ / ﻿48.16035919508813°N 25.7215662°E﻿ / 48.16035919508813; 25.7215662

Ukraine's 202nd electoral district is a Verkhovna Rada (parliament) constituency in Chernivtsi Oblast. Established in its current form in 2012, it comprises the western part of the oblast, including Vyzhnytsia Raion and parts of Chernivtsi Raion. Prior to the administrative division reform, it included Vyzhnytsia, Kitsman, and Putyla raions, as well as part of Storozhynets Raion. The district includes 166 polling stations.

The constituency is bordered by the 89th electoral district in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to the west, the 201st, 203rd, and 204th electoral districts to the east, the 89th and 204th districts to the north, and Romania to the south.

Vyzhnytsia Raion
Vyzhnytsia Raion (Ukrainian: Вижницький район) is an administrative raion (district) in the western part of Chernivtsi Oblast, located in the historical region of Bukovina, in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border. The region has an area of 1,896 square kilometres (732 sq mi) and centers on the city of Vyzhnytsia. Population: 89,606 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Vyzhnytsia Raion was significantly expanded. One abolished raion, Putyla Raion, and a part of one more abolished raion, Kitsman Raion, were merged into Vyzhnytsia Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 55,095 (2020 est.).
Pennefather
Pennefather is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Pennefather (1902–1983), Singaporean sportswoman

David Pennefather (born 1945), British military figure; former Commandant General, Royal Marines

Edward Pennefather (1775–1847), Irish judge

Joan Pennefather, Canadian film and cultural executive

Sir John Pennefather (1798–1872), British soldier who won two very remarkable victories

Sir John Pennefather, 1st Baronet (1856–1933), British cotton merchant and Conservative politician

Richard Pennefather (judge) (1773–1859), Irish judge who conducted the Doneraile Conspiracy Trials of 1829

Richard Pennefather (Australian politician) (1851–1914), 9th Attorney-General of Western Australia

Rupert Pennefather (born 1981), English dancer; principal dancer in the Royal Ballet Company

Shelly Pennefather (born c. 1966), American former professional basketball player, now a member of the Order of Saint Clare

William Pennefather (1816–1873), British missionary

Alice Pennefather
Alice Edith Wilhelmina Pennefather (née Patterson; 16 October 1903 – 24 February 1983) was a Singaporean sportwoman who excelled in various sports such as badminton, field hockey, netball, and tennis. In 2016, she was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame, maintained by the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations.
World Meeting of Families 2018
The World Meeting of Families 2018 was the ninth World Meeting of Families and took place in Dublin, Ireland between 21 and 26 August 2018. The event began with an Opening Ceremony that occurred in each of Ireland's Dioceses. This was followed by a three-day Pastoral Congress at the RDS. The Meeting culminated in Pope Francis's visit to Ireland.

130,000 people attended the WMOF 2018, which was far below what was expected as when Pope John Paul II came to Ireland in 1979, 2.7 million people came to the event and a similar number was expected at the event in 2018.

Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life
The Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life is a dicastery of the Roman Curia. Pope Francis announced its creation on 15 August 2016, effective 1 September 2016. It took over the functions and responsibilities of the Pontifical Council for the Laity and the Pontifical Council for the Family. It has responsibility "for the promotion of the life and apostolate of the lay faithful, for the pastoral care of the family and its mission according to God's plan and for the protection and support of human life."
Möbius ladder
In graph theory, the Möbius ladder Mn, for even numbers n, is formed from an n-cycle by adding edges (called "rungs") connecting opposite pairs of vertices in the cycle. It is a cubic, circulant graph, so-named because (with the exception of M6 (the utility graph K3,3), Mn has exactly n/2 four-cycles which link together by their shared edges to form a topological Möbius strip. Möbius ladders were named and first studied by Guy and  Harary (1967).

Richard K. Guy
Richard Kenneth Guy (30 September 1916 – 9 March 2020) was a British mathematician. He was a professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Calgary. He is known for his work in number theory, geometry, recreational mathematics, combinatorics, and graph theory. He is best known for co-authorship (with John Conway and Elwyn Berlekamp) of Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays and authorship of Unsolved Problems in Number Theory. He published more than 300 scholarly articles. Guy proposed the partially tongue-in-cheek "strong law of small numbers", which says there are not enough small integers available for the many tasks assigned to them – thus explaining many coincidences and patterns found among numerous cultures. For this paper he received the MAA Lester R. Ford Award.
Hadromos
Hadromos is a genus of Barbinae that lived in Sangkarewang Formation (Sumatra) during the Eocene epoch. It is quite large compare to many of its contemporaneous barb reaching 15.8 cm (6.2 in) in standard length and 19.4 cm (7.6 in) for the total body length. The relatively complete fossils show that Hadromos have a proportionally large head that take up to 37% of its standard length (57 mm (2.2 in)). The preserved scale show that Hadromos have circular scales on their body but none can be found on the head. One of its autapomorphy can be found on the dorsal fin which have 100 or more fine serrations sitting on the posterior part of its longest unbranched ray. Moving to the rear part, Hadromos anal fin have a short-based anal fin lacking a strong spine-like unbranched ray that can be found in Cyprinae. For the caudal fin, the shape is deeply forked and occupy roughly a quarter of Hadromos total length.

Autapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.  That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade). It can therefore be considered  as an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word autapomorphy, introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Ancient Greek words αὐτός (autós), meaning "self"; ἀπό (apó), meaning "away from"; and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "shape, form".
Jordan, Oregon
Jordan is an unincorporated community in Linn County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It lies along Oregon Route 226, southeast of Stayton and about halfway between Scio and Lyons.

Thomas Creek flows through Jordan. A covered bridge, the Jordan Bridge, built in 1937, was a 90-foot (27 m) Howe truss span that crossed the creek here. Dismantled in 1985, its timbers were moved to Stayton and reassembled in that city's Pioneer Park.

The community was once the site of the Monastery of Our Lady of Jordan.

Oregon Route 226
Oregon Route 226 is an Oregon state highway that runs between a point east of Albany in the Willamette Valley, and the town of Mehama along the Santiam River.  The highway is also known as the Albany–Lyons Highway No. 211 (see Oregon highways and routes), and is 25 miles (40 km) long.  It lies mostly within Linn County, except for the very northernmost segment in Mehama, which is in Marion County.