hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Palmyra
Battle of Palmyra may  refer to:

Battle of Palmyra (1941), a World War II battle in which the United Kingdom captured Palmyra from Vichy France.

Palmyra offensive (May 2015), a Syrian Civil War battle in which the Islamic State captured Palmyra from the Syrian Government.

Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015), a Syrian Civil War battle in which the Syrian government unsuccessfully attempted to capture Palmyra from the Islamic State.

Palmyra offensive (March 2016), a Syrian Civil War battle in which the Syrian government recaptured Palmyra from the Islamic State.

Palmyra offensive (December 2016), a Syrian Civil War battle in which the Islamic State recaptured Palmyra from the Syrian Government.

Palmyra offensive (2017), a Syrian Civil War battle in which the Syrian Government recaptured Palmyra from the Islamic State a second time.

Palmyra offensive (2024), Syrian Free Army takes over Palmyra, Syria in 2024

Palmyra offensive (December 2016)
The Palmyra offensive in December 2016 was a military operation launched by the military of ISIL which led to the re-capture of the ancient city of Palmyra, and an unsuccessful ISIL attack on the Tiyas T-4 Airbase to the west of the city. ISIL previously controlled the city from May 2015 until March 2016.

The unexpected blitz offensive occurred concurrently with three major anti-ISIL offensives: the Turkish Western al-Bab offensive and Battle of al-Bab north of Aleppo, the Kurdish-Arab Raqqa campaign, and the Iraqi Battle of Mosul in Iraq, which saw all three gaining ground from the Islamic State.

In January 2017, the Syrian Army and allied forces launched another offensive to recapture Palmyra and its surrounding areas.
Selçukgazi Tunnel
The Selçukgazi Tunnel (Turkish: Selçukgazi Tüneli) is a motorway tunnel located at Dürdane Hill in Marmara region as part of the Istanbul-Bursa Motorway  O-5 in Turkey.

Situated near Selçukgazi village in Osmangazi district between Gemlik and Bursa, it is a twin-tube tunnel of 1,192 and 1,303 m (3,911 and 4,275 ft). The construction is carried out by Otoyol A.Ş., a consortium of Turkish Nurol, Özaltın, Makyol, Yüksel, Göçay and Italian Astaldi companies. Works at the tunnel began in July 2013, and are continuing. In March 2014, it was announced that the preparatory works are completed and tunneling will start soon.

The tunnel was opened to traffic on March 12, 2017 by Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım.

Other tunnels on the route are the 3,586 and 3,591 m (11,765 and 11,781 ft)-long Orhangazi Tunnel and the 1,556 and 1,653 m (5,105 and 5,423 ft)-long Belkahve Tunnel.

Marmara region
The Marmara region (Turkish: Marmara Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.

Located in East Thrace, it is bordered by Greece and the Aegean Sea to the west, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the north, the Black Sea Region to the east, and the Aegean Region to the south. At the center of the region is the Sea of Marmara, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is Istanbul. Other big cities are Bursa, İzmit, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Edirne.

Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.
Giorgio Benedek
Giorgio Benedek (born 4 February 1941) is an Italian physicist, academic and researcher. He is an Emeritus Professor of Physics of Matter at University of Milano-Bicocca and Director of the International School of Solid State Physics at Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture.

Benedek's original theoretical interest in the dynamics and vibrational response functions of defects in solids has been extended to various research areas regarding low-dimensional systems, like surface dynamics and surface phonon spectroscopy, the topology and physics of cluster-assembled carbon, and the physics of He quantum droplets and solids.

Benedek is emeritus foreign member of the Royal Academy of Belgium, member of the Istituto Lombardo – Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, of the Istituto di Studi Superiori Gerolamo Cardano, a fellow of the European Academy of Sciences, of the European Physical Society, and of the Italian Physical Society.

Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture
38°02′16″N 12°35′15″E﻿ / ﻿38.03778°N 12.58749°E﻿ / 38.03778; 12.58749

The Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture is an international scientific institution based in Erice, Sicily, dedicated to advanced scientific education, interdisciplinary research, and the promotion of international cooperation. Founded during the Cold War, the Centre has hosted scientists from around the world through its system of international schools and conferences, and has played a role in linking scientific activity with broader ethical and social concerns.

From its early years, the Centre became known for fostering dialogue across political and cultural boundaries, including bringing together scientists from both Western and Eastern bloc countries at a time when formal cooperation was often limited. Through its network of international schools, conferences, and interdisciplinary programmes, the Centre continues to serve as a forum for scientific exchange and global cooperation.
Thirty-first government of Israel
The thirty-first government of Israel was formed by Ehud Olmert on 4 May 2006, following Kadima's victory in the March elections. His coalition initially included Labor, Shas and Gil, and held 67 of the 120 seats in the Knesset. The 11-seat Yisrael Beiteinu joined the coalition in November 2006, but left on 16 January 2008 in protest at peace talks with the Palestinian National Authority. With the inclusion of the Labor Party's Raleb Majadele as a Minister without Portfolio on 29 January 2007, it became the first Israeli cabinet to have a Muslim minister. The makeup of the coalition resulted in a center-left government.

The government held office until Benjamin Netanyahu formed the thirty-second government on 31 March 2009, following elections the month before.

Dor (political party)
Dor (Hebrew: דור בונה הארץ, lit. 'Generation who Built the Land'), known as Gil (lit. 'Age', an abbreviation of Gimla'ey Yisrael LaKnesset (Hebrew: גימלאי ישראל לכנסת), lit. 'Pensioners of Israel to the Knesset') until 2012, is a centrist political party in Israel and was part of the governing coalition in the seventeenth Knesset. In the 2009 elections, Gil did not receive sufficient votes for representation in the Knesset. In preparation for the 2013 elections, the party was renamed Dor.
Dorsetichthys
Dorsetichthys is an extinct genus of marine stem-teleost ray-finned fish from the Early Jurassic period of Europe. It contains a single species, D. bechei, known from the Sinemurian-aged Lower Lias of England and the Moltrasio Formation of Italy.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
Samuel Butts
Samuel Butts (November 24, 1777 – January 27, 1814) was an American militia officer who served in the Creek War.

Butts was born at his family's farm in Southampton County, Virginia, to parents Martha and Simmons. His ancestors included many veterans of the American Revolutionary War.  The Butts family moved to Sparta, Georgia, when Samuel was young.

As an adult, Butts moved to Monticello, Georgia, and became a businessman.  In 1813, Butts joined the local militia of Jasper County as a private in order to fight in the War of 1812. He was quickly made captain of his unit, and they fought under the command of General John Floyd in battles at Autossee, Tallasee and Camp Defiance. On January 27, 1814, Butts was killed in Alabama at the Battle of Calebee Creek (referred to as Chillabee in some sources).

In 1825, the Georgia General Assembly named Butts County, Georgia in honor of Captain Butts. A Georgia chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution is named after him as well.

Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directly elected by constituents of their district. The Constitution of Georgia vests all legislative power with the General Assembly. Both houses have similar powers, though each has unique duties as well. For example, the origination of appropriations bills only occurs in the House, while the Senate is tasked with confirmation of the governor's appointments.

The General Assembly meets in the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta.
Susan Blommaert
Susan J. Blommaert (born October 13, 1947) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Mr. Kaplan on the drama series The Blacklist, and for her recurring role as Judge Rebecca Steinman in Law & Order, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Law & Order: Trial by Jury. She has portrayed judges in a number of legal dramas, including Judge Rudy Fox in The Practice, Judge Barbara Burke in Family Law, and Judge Hanlon in Bull.

Law & Order: Trial by Jury
Law & Order: Trial by Jury is an American legal drama television series about criminal trials set in New York City. It was the fourth series in Dick Wolf's Law & Order franchise. The show's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused, showing both the prosecution's and defense's preparation for trial, as well as the trial itself. The series was first announced on September 28, 2004. The series premiered on Thursday, March 3, 2005, and ended on January 21, 2006. Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC. The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series' cancellation.
Mount Laguna Air Force Station
Mount Laguna Air Force Station (ADC ID: P-76, NORAD ID: Z-76) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located 24.3 miles (39.1 km) north-northeast of Tecate, California.  It was closed in 1981 by the Air Force, and turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Today the site is part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) Ground Equipment Facility J-30.

AN/FPS-8 Radar
The AN/FPS-8 Radar was a Medium-Range Search Radar used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command.

The radar was a medium power D-Band search radar designed for aircraft control and early warning, and was installed at commercial airports and military bases both in the United States and overseas.
In most installations the antenna was exposed, being mounted on a temporary tower.

For severe environmental conditions, the AN/FPS-8 was self-contained in an arctic tower with a protective radome. Over the years improvements were made to the basic AN/FPS-8, culminating in the final version whose nomenclature was AN/FPS-88 (V). The AN/FPS-8 also had  two mobile versions: the AN/MPS-11 and the AN/MPS-11A.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/FPS-7" designation represents the 7th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for fixed ground search radar. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.
Mohammed Errafai
Mohammed Amine Errafai (born 8 February 1989) is a Moroccan road cyclist. Born in the city of Taza, he started cycling in 2010 and he won many races in his region, he shine as a great and stronger cyclist in 2013/2014 when he moved to another club named "WAF" where he won multiple national races before he has been chosen to participate with the 3rd National Team in the 2014 Tour du Maroc.

In the 2014 National Championship Time Trial he finished in the 3rd place and in the National Road Championship he finished 13th.

Because of his great results, the Royal Moroccan Federation of Cycling chose him to participate with the 1st National Team at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships.

Tour du Maroc
Tour du Maroc is the most important road bicycle race in the African state of Morocco. The editions 1957–1993 were reserved to amateurs. Since 2006, it is organized as a 2.2 event on the UCI Africa Tour.
Arturo O'Farrill
Arturo O'Farrill (born June 22, 1960) is a jazz musician, the son of Latin jazz musician, arranger and bandleader Chico O'Farrill, and pianist, composer, and director for the Afro Latin Jazz Orchestra. He is best known for his contributions to contemporary Latin jazz (more specifically Afro-Cuban jazz), having received Grammy Awards and nominations, though he has trained in other forms such as free jazz and experimented briefly with hip hop.

Afro-Cuban jazz
Afro-Cuban jazz is the earliest form of Latin jazz. It mixes Afro-Cuban clave-based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. Afro-Cuban music has deep roots in African ritual and rhythm. The genre emerged in the early 1940s with the Cuban musicians Mario Bauzá and Frank Grillo "Machito" in the band Machito and his Afro-Cubans in New York City. In 1947, the collaborations of bebop trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and percussionist Chano Pozo brought Afro-Cuban rhythms and instruments, such as the tumbadora and the bongo, into the East Coast jazz scene. Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music, such as "Manteca" and "Mangó Mangüé", were commonly referred to as "Cubop" for Cuban bebop.

During its first decades, the Afro-Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in Cuba.: 59  In the early 1970s, Kenny Dorham and his Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna, and later Irakere, brought Afro-Cuban jazz into the Cuban music scene, influencing styles such as songo.
Jack Blott
Jack Leonard Blott (August 24, 1902 – June 11, 1964) was an All-American football center and place kicker for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1922 to 1923.  He was also a baseball catcher for the Wolverines from 1922 to 1924.  After a two-game Major League Baseball career with the Cincinnati Reds in 1924, he worked as Michigan’s line coach from 1924–1933 and 1946–1958.  From 1934–1940, he was the head football coach at Wesleyan University.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Lambrini
Lambrini is a light and fruity perry (pear cider) created by Halewood Artisanal Spirits in 1994. It has been owned by Accolade Wines since June 2021. Lambrini dominates the British perry market, with a 53.6% market share in the off trade in 2015.

Halewood International
Halewood International or Halewood Artisanal Spirits PLC are UK-based distiller and distributor of artisanal spirits.

They are one of the UK's largest independent artisanal spirits distillers which exports to 95 countries.
Mark Herrier
Mark Herrier (born October 6, 1954) is an American actor and film director, best known for his role as Billy in the 1980s teen trilogy Porky's.  He graduated from Lompoc High School in 1972.

He has also appeared on M*A*S*H, Freddy's Nightmares, Paradise, Murder, She Wrote, The Practice, and Gideon's Crossing. In 2013, he was expected to star in the film Daddies' Girls, with much of the Porky's original cast, but the film was never made.

Porky's
Porky's is a 1981 sex comedy film written and directed by Bob Clark about the escapades of teenagers in 1954 at the fictional Angel Beach High School in Florida. The film stars Kim Cattrall, Scott Colomby, Kaki Hunter, Nancy Parsons, Alex Karras, and Susan Clark.

The film influenced many writers in the teen film genre and spawned two sequels: Porky's II: The Next Day (1983) and Porky's Revenge! (1985), and the followup Porky's: Pimpin' Pee Wee (2009). Porky's was the sixth highest-grossing film of 1982. The film received generally positive reviews at the time of its release, but reviews have become more mixed-to-negative over time.
Glitter in the Gutter
Glitter in the Gutter is singer-songwriter Jesse Malin's third studio album, released on Adeline Records on March 20, 2007. Glitter in the Gutter includes Malin's cover of The Replacements' "Bastards of Young," and the album features guest appearances from Bruce Springsteen (backing vocals on "Broken Radio"), Jakob Dylan (backing vocals on "Black Haired Girl"), Josh Homme, and Chris Shiflett of Foo Fighters and Me First and the Gimme Gimmes. Jesse Malin's good friend Ryan Adams guests on several tracks as well.

"In the Modern World" gets frequent play on Little Steven's Underground Garage.

The album was re-released in 2022 featuring a rerecorded version of Broken Radio (Broken Radio 22) and an additional track "The Angel To The Slave"

Steven Van Zandt
Steven Van Zandt (né Lento; born November 22, 1950), also known as Little Steven or Miami Steve, is an American musician and actor. He is a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin. He has appeared in several television drama series, including as Silvio Dante in The Sopranos (1999–2007) and as Frank Tagliano/Giovanni 'Johnny' Henriksen in Lilyhammer (2012–2014). Van Zandt has his own solo band called Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul, intermittently active since the 1980s.

In 2014, Van Zandt was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band. Van Zandt has produced music, written songs, and had his own songs covered by Springsteen, Meat Loaf, Darlene Love, Ronnie Spector,
Nancy Sinatra, Pearl Jam, Southside Johnny, Artists United Against Apartheid, and the Iron City Houserockers, among others.
Fred Wilson (ice hockey)
Frederick Cornelius Wilson (October 3, 1892 – January 18, 1971) was a Canadian professional ice hockey and football player. He played with the Regina Capitals of the Western Canada Hockey League during the 1921–22 season.  He was also a member of the 1914 Regina Victorias that captured the Allan Cup as senior amateur champions of Canada.

Wilson was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame as a football player in 1974, having played for the Regina Rugby Club and Regina Roughriders.

Western Canada Hockey League
The Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), founded in 1921, was a major professional ice hockey league originally based in the prairies of Canada. It was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925 and disbanded in 1926.

The WCHL's Victoria Cougars were the last non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup when they won the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals over the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.
Lose My Mind (Don Toliver song)
"Lose My Mind" is a song by American rapper and singer Don Toliver featuring fellow American rapper and singer Doja Cat. It was released on April 30, 2025, through RCA Records, Atlantic Records, and Apple Video Programming as the lead single from the soundtrack album of the film F1. The two artists wrote the song with producers Hans Zimmer, Ryan Tedder, and Grant Boutin. The song was co-produced and mixed by Tom Norris.

Tom Norris (music producer)
Tom Norris (born July 15, 1991) is an American Grammy Award-winning mix engineer, producer, sound designer, mastering engineer, and songwriter from Los Angeles, California. Norris is best known for his mixing and production work for several prominent artists in the music industry, including Lady Gaga, Charli XCX, Kesha, Skrillex, Luis Fonsi, Tiesto, Meghan Trainor, Zedd, The Weeknd, Travis Scott, Illenium, Grimes, Lil Tecca, Tate McRae, and Mariah Carey, among others.
ACAD8
Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAD8 gene on chromosome 11.

The protein encoded by ACAD8 is a mitochondrial protein belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes, which function to catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branched-chain amino acids. ACAD8 functions in catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid valine.

Acyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA is a group of CoA-based coenzymes that metabolize carboxylic acids. Fatty acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP.  In this way, fats are converted to ATP, the common biochemical energy carrier.
Gateway Towers Mumbai
Gateway Towers is a residential complex under construction in Mumbai, India. It will have 6 residential towers ranging from 31 to 41 stories.

Gateway Towers has been designed by Callison. It is located in the northeastern suburb of Mulund. The property is built on an 8.5-acre area.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Bräcke railway station
Bräcke railway station (Swedish: Bräcke järnvägsstation) is a railway station located at Bräcke in Jämtland County, Sweden.

It is located along the Central Line. It is also located at the southern end of the Main Line Through Upper Norrland, a line which has only freight trains since 2012.

The first railway station was built and opened when the original line Stockholm-Trondheim reached Bräcke in 1878. A new station building (still remaining) was built in 1910.

There are two tracks with a platform between. The platform is reached by a level crossing over one of the tracks.

Bräcke
Bräcke is a locality and the seat of Bräcke Municipality in Jämtland County, Sweden with 1,651 inhabitants as of 2010.

The community is located next to Lake Revsundssjön, 70 km south-east of Östersund.   
The railway has been an important factor in Bräcke's development. The town is located along the Central line and serves as the starting point of the Main Line Through Upper Norrland. European route E14 also passes through Bräcke and Länsväg 323 starts in Bräcke and goes towards Kälarne.

Bräcke Church (Bräcke kyrka) was built in the summer of 1859 following a drawing by Abraham Rafael Ulric Pettersson (1824-1866). The church building is externally clad with white painted wooden paneling. The ceiling of the church room has a thin vault of wood.  The altarpiece was painted in 1926 by Stockholm artist Karl Tirén (1869-1955).  In the church tower hang two bells; the little bell was cast in 1778 and  large bell was cast in 1859.