hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl of Dumbarton
Earl of Dumbarton is a title in the peerage of the United Kingdom, referring to Dumbarton in the area West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The title has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Scotland in 1675 and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 2018.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Evelina Cabrera
Evelina Cabrera (San Fernando, September 26, 1986) is an Argentine soccer coach, sports coach, writer, and consultant. She was selected by the BBC as one of the 100 most influential and inspiring women in the world in 2020. In November 2022, she was chosen as Jury for the UNESCO Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence.

She has been a speaker at the United Nations, W20, UNESCO, The Economist, among others.

UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize
The UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence is a  prize awarded every two years by UNESCO. It was inaugurated in 1996, following the 1995 United Nations Year for Tolerance and in connection with the 125th anniversary of the birth of Mohandas Gandhi, funded by a donation from Madanjeet Singh.

The purpose of the prize is to honour and reward extraordinary creative achievements in promoting tolerance, as notable models for others in the field of peace-building. Impact assessment is a part of the nomination and evaluation process.
Flag of Samoa
The flag of Samoa (Samoan: fu‘a o Sāmoa) was adopted on 24 February 1949. It consists of a red field with a blue rectangle in the canton. The blue rectangle bears the Southern Cross, which is a common symbol on the flags of countries in the Southern Hemisphere, where the constellation can be seen. The flag was originally designed in 1948 by Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole and Malietoa Tanumafili II, who would later become the heads of state of Samoa when it gained independence in 1962.

The flag is officially defined by the Official Flag and National Anthem of Samoa Act 1994. When it is being raised or lowered in public, people and vehicles must stop and remain stationary until the performance is complete. Those who deface the flag or who willfully insult it can be imprisoned for up to six months.

German Samoa
German Samoa, officially the Kingdom of Samoa (German: Königreich Samoa; Samoan: Malo Kaisalika), was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1920, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savaiʻi, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the Independent State of Samoa, formerly Western Samoa.  Samoa was the last German colonial acquisition in the Pacific Ocean, received following the Tripartite Convention signed at Washington on 2 December 1899 with ratifications exchanged on 16 February 1900. It was the only German colony in the Pacific, aside from the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory in China, that was administered separately from German New Guinea.
Epsom, North Carolina
Epsom is an unincorporated community in northern Franklin County and southern Vance County in North Carolina, United States. It is located on the county line, north-northwest of Louisburg and southeast of Henderson, at an elevation of 486 feet (148 m). The primary cross roads where the community is located are N.C. Highway 39, Epsom-Rocky Ford Road (SR 1003) and New Bethel Church Road (SR 1523). There was a post office in Epsom from September 27, 1887 to March 31, 1908.  The first postmaster was Simon W. Duke.

Louisburg, North Carolina
Louisburg is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, North Carolina,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,064. The town is located approximately 29 miles northeast of the state capital, Raleigh, and located about 31 miles south of the Virginia border. It is also the home of Louisburg College, the oldest two-year coeducational college in the United States.
1982 Brantford municipal election
The 1982 Brantford municipal election was held on November 8, 1982, to elect a mayor, councillors, and school trustees in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. The surrounding rural and small-town municipalities also held elections on the same day.

Brant County Board of Education
The Brant County Board of Education is a former school district in the Canadian province of Ontario. In the late 1990s, it was amalgamated with the Norfolk County Board of Education and the Haldimand County Board of Education to create the Grand Erie District School Board.
1858 Lobachevskij
1858 Lobachevskij (prov. designation: 1972 QL) is a rare-type background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 August 1972, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Russian mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Pidikwe
Pidikwe (Rumble) is a 2025 Canadian short documentary film directed by Caroline Monnet. The film depicts a multigenerational group of Indigenous Canadian women, celebrating their heritage in a performance mixing modern and traditional indigenous dance.

The women performing in the film include Joséphine Bacon, Catherine Boivin, Catherine Dagenais-Savard, Émilie Monnet, Aïcha Bastien N'Diaye and Caroline Monnet.

The film premiered at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival.

The film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2025, and was shortlisted for the Prix collégial du cinéma québécois in the Best Short Film category in 2026.

Joséphine Bacon
Joséphine Bacon OC (born April 23, 1947), is an Innu poet from Pessamit in Quebec. She publishes in French and Innu-aimun. She has also worked as a translator, community researcher, documentary filmmaker, curator and as a songwriter for Chloé Sainte-Marie and Alexandre Belliard. She has also curated an exhibit at the Grande Bibliothèque in Montreal, Quebec and teaches at Kiuna Institution in Odanak.
Docendo discimus
Docendo discimus is a Latin proverb meaning "by teaching, we learn."

It is perhaps derived from Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BC – 65 AD), who says in his Letters to Lucilius (Book I, letter 7, section 8): Homines dum docent discunt., meaning "People learn while they teach."

University of Chichester
The University of Chichester is a public university located in West Sussex, England, which became a university in 2005. Campuses are based in the city of Chichester and the nearby coastal resort of Bognor Regis and an associate campus for commercial music on the Isle of Wight.

The University of Chichester has 14 departments, with specialisms including Humanities, Sport, Musical Theatre, Acting and Education. Its heritage stretches back into the nineteenth century when, in 1839, Bishop Otter College was established. Since 2013, both campuses have seen major expansion-led building works through National Lottery funding and other funding.

The University of Chichester is a member of the Cathedrals Group.

The University of Chichester has a bus route run by Stagecoach South, the 707. It runs between campuses and is free to students upon presentation of a valid UoC Student/Staff ID Card. It runs every day except Sundays (excluding bank holidays).
Matt Roik
Matt Roik (born November 17, 1979, in Dunnville, Ontario) is a professional lacrosse goaltender who has played in the National Lacrosse League. Roik most recently played for the Toronto Rock, and has also played for the Washington Stealth, San Jose Stealth, Chicago Shamrox, Philadelphia Wings, Anaheim Storm, and New Jersey Storm.

Washington Stealth
The Washington Stealth were a member of the National Lacrosse League, the professional box lacrosse league of North America from the 2010 NLL season through the 2013 NLL season. They were based in Everett (part of the Seattle metropolitan area), with home games played at the 8,513-seat Comcast Arena at Everett.

The team was previously known as the Albany Attack from 2000 until 2003, and later the San Jose Stealth from 2004 until 2009.

On July 24, 2012, the Stealth and Comcast Arena announced that they had agreed to new terms on a five-year lease that will keep the team in Everett through the 2017 season.

On June 27, 2013, it was announced that the team was moving to Langley, British Columbia for the 2014 NLL season, and would continue to use the Stealth name. In 2018, the franchise was purchased by Canucks Sports & Entertainment who announced they would be called the Vancouver Warriors.
ATOMKI
ATOMKI is the Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The institute is located in Debrecen and was established in 1954 by Sándor Szalay, the founding director.

ATOMKI became independent from the Institute of Experimental Physics of the Kossuth Lajos University (presently called University of Debrecen), where Sándor Szalay started and directed nuclear physics research for decades. At present, the main research fields of Atomki are atom-, nuclear-, and particle physics, ion beam analytics, technique of detection and signal processing, environmental analytics, radioactive dating, radiochemistry, and solid state physics. The director is Zsolt Dombrádi, D.Sc.

Some of its buildings were originally the National Orphanage for Teachers' Children, built in 1917.

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Lacy Clay
William Lacy Clay Jr. (born July 27, 1956) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative from Missouri's 1st congressional district from 2001 to 2021. His congressional career ended after he lost in a Democratic primary to Cori Bush in 2020, after successfully defeating her in the 2018 primary.

The district Clay represented is based in the city of St. Louis and includes most of northern St. Louis County (North County), including the cities of Maryland Heights, University City, Ferguson and Florissant.

Florissant, Missouri
Florissant (/ˈflɒrɪsənt/ ⓘ)  is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, within Greater St. Louis. It is a middle-class, second-ring northern suburb of St. Louis. Based on the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 52,533. It is the largest city in St. Louis County.
Calor Gas
Calor is a brand of bottled butane and propane which is available in Britain and Ireland. It comes in cylinders, which have a special gas regulator.

The company was formed in 1935, and is one of the UK's largest suppliers of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is currently servicing around 4 million homes and businesses, supplying LPG to power gas appliances from central heating and hot water, as well as cookers, fires and barbecues. The company predominantly supplies LPG to homes in rural areas where there is no mains natural gas supply. In the United Kingdom, Calor is part of the SHV Gas Group a private Dutch company. Calor originally dealt only with cooking and heating appliances, but now covers a wider range of products for home, business, and automotive fuels.

Such was the company's ubiquity at one point that the term "Calor Gas" became a generic term in the UK for all bottled LPG canisters and LPG-fuelled appliances.

SHV Holdings
SHV Holdings is a privately owned Dutch trading company, regarded as one of the world's largest private trading groups. SHV is a highly diversified company, with interests in transport, retail, oil, food, Testing, Inspection & Certification and financial services . It currently employs more than 64,860 people and is present in 70 countries.
Ben King (designer)
Ben King was an American fashion designer active from the 1940s to the 1970s. In 1944, he was awarded a Neiman Marcus Fashion Award for Distinguished Service in the Field of Fashion. Although he produced some clothing, including a vibrant India-print pajamas ensemble in 1954, King was known particularly for accessories, being listed as a leading designer of belts in 1953. Ben King handbags were still available from stores such as Bonwit Teller in the mid-1970s, being featured in Vogue and Harper's Bazaar.

Bonwit Teller
Bonwit Teller & Co. was an American luxury department store in New York City, founded by Paul Bonwit in 1895 at Sixth Avenue and 18th Street, and later a chain of luxury department stores.

In 1897, Edmund D. Teller was admitted to the partnership and the store moved to 23rd Street, east of Sixth Avenue.

Bonwit specialized in high-end women's apparel at a time when many of its competitors were diversifying their product lines, and Bonwit Teller became noted within the trade for the quality of its merchandise as well as the above-average salaries paid to both buyers and executives.

The partnership was incorporated in 1907 and the store moved to the corner of Fifth Avenue and 38th Street.

Throughout much of the 20th century, Bonwit was one of a group of upscale department stores on Fifth Avenue that catered to the "carriage trade".  Among its most notable peers were Lord & Taylor, and Saks Fifth Avenue.
San Francesco di Paola ai Monti
San Francesco da Paola ai Monti is an 18th-century titular church in Rome. It is dedicated to St Francis of Paola, the founder of the Order of Minims, whose friars serve this church and whose Generalate is attached to it, and is located in the Monti rione.

Order of Minims
The Order of Minims (Latin: Ordo Minimorum, abbreviated O.M.; known in German-speaking countries as the Paulaner Order (German: Paulanerorden)) are a mendicant order of friars and nuns in the Catholic Church, founded by Francis of Paola in fifteenth-century Italy. The Order soon spread to France, Germany and Spain, and continues to exist today.

Like the other mendicant orders, there are three separate components—called Orders—of the movement: the friars, contemplative nuns and a Third Order of laypeople who live in the world while following the spirit of the Order in their daily lives. At present there are only two fraternities of the Minim tertiaries; both are in Italy.
Siren (TV series)
Siren is an American fantasy drama television series that follows Ryn Fisher (played by Eline Powell), a young siren who comes to a small coastal town looking for her abducted older sister. The series premiered on Freeform on March 29, 2018. The first season included 10 episodes. In May 2019, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on April 2, 2020. The series was canceled in August 2020.

Siren (mythology)
In Greek mythology, sirens (Ancient Greek: singular: Σειρήν, Seirḗn; plural: Σειρῆνες, Seirênes) are female humanlike beings with alluring voices; they appear in a scene in the Odyssey in which Odysseus saves his crew's lives. Roman poets place them on some small islands called Sirenum Scopuli. In some later, rationalized traditions, the literal geography of the "flowery" island of Anthemoessa, or Anthemusa, is fixed: sometimes on Cape Pelorum and at others in the islands known as the Sirenuse, near Paestum, or in Capreae. All such locations were surrounded by cliffs and rocks. While some versions have depicted Sirens as woman-headed birds, other versions depict them as mermaids.

Sirens were used in Christian art throughout the medieval era as a symbol of the dangerous temptation embodied by women. "Siren" can also be used as a slang term for a woman considered both very attractive and dangerous.
William A. Simonton
William A. Simonton (September 28, 1871 – October 9, 1951) was an American politician in the U.S. state of Delaware. He served as a senator from New Castle County, Delaware from 1923 until 1939. Simonton, a Republican, was also the senate's President pro tempore in from 1929 until 1955 and 1937 until 1939. He had also served as the Dean of the State Senate. During his time as pro tempore of the senate, Simonton was the last one to serve in the Old State House and the first to serve in the new Delaware Legislative Hall. An executive at DuPont, Simonton was also a prominent trapshooter. He died in 1951 at his home in Wilmington.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Hassayampa, Arizona
Hassayampa is a populated place situated on both banks of the Hassayampa River in western Maricopa County, Arizona. It is about four miles west of Palo Verde, Arizona, and slightly east of Dixie, Arizona, and Arlington, Arizona. It is known for the Hassayampa Bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the Hassayampa River Preserve.

Arlington, Arizona
Arlington is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located 43 miles (69 km) west of downtown Phoenix on old U.S. 80. It follows the street numbering system of Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population was 150, down from 194 at the 2010 census.
Bennie K
Bennie K  was an urban contemporary music female duo formed in 1999 that consists of vocalist Yuki and rapper Cico. They met while Yuki was in Los Angeles undergoing voice training with Roger Burnley.  They made their debut in January 2001 with the single "Melody," released on the For Life Music label.

Bennie K's 8th single "Sunrise" reached the top 10 of the Oricon singles chart in 2004, and their 9th single "Dreamland" reached #2 in 2005.  Their 4th album "Japana-rhythm" debuted at #1 on the Oricon albums chart.

Bennie K's songs usually combine Japanese and English. Their sound is primarily urban, but they often use a variety of diverse musical styles, including Latin and country.

Becca (musician)
Rebecca Emily Hollcraft (born May 9, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, known professionally as Becca, Becca-chan, and Bec Hollcraft. From 2012 to 2015, she was the lead singer in the rock band Stars in Stereo.
Ishaq ibn Isma'il
Ishaq b. Isma'il b. Shuab al-Tiflisi  (before 833 – 853), also known as Sahak in Georgian sources, was the emir of Tbilisi between 833 and 853. He was married to a daughter of king of Sarir and followed his uncle Ali on the throne.

Sarir
Sarir or Serir was a medieval Christian state lasting from the 6th or 7th century to the 12th century in the mountainous regions of modern-day Dagestan in southern Russia. Its name is derived from the Arabic word for "throne" and refers to a golden throne that was viewed as a symbol of royal authority.
Chavakachcheri
Chavakachcheri (Tamil: சாவகச்சேரி, romanized: Cāvakaccēri; Sinhala: ජාවකච්චේරි, romanized: Jāvakachchēri) is a  town in the Jaffna Peninsula of Jaffna District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It may have Javanese origins, as the name "Chaavaka+cheari" literally means Javanese settlement (there are also some references to a Javanese fort in northern Sri Lanka). The town may date back to the Southeast Asian occupation of Yalpanam, where certain settlements and forts were established by Chandrabhanu to maintain hegemony over the overseas colony. The town is governed by an Urban Council. Chavakachcheri was badly devastated in the Sri Lankan Civil War. Today, the government and the people of Chavakachcheri have rebuilt the town, but the population remains drastically lower than the pre-war years.

The 111-year-old Chavakachcheri Hindu College, a high school, is a leading centre of education in the town.

Jaffna District
Jaffna District (Tamil: யாழ்ப்பாணம் மாவட்டம் Yāḻppāṇam Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: යාපනය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය yāpanaya distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Jaffna.
Bill Hawke
William Victor Hawke (April 28, 1870 – December 11, 1902) was an American Major League Baseball player who pitched for three seasons, all in the National League, with a career record of 32 wins and 31 losses.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Indian Citation Index
The Indian Citation Index (ICI) is an online bibliographic database that contains abstracts and citations from over 1,000 academic journals in India, spanning scientific, technical, medical, and social sciences, including arts and humanities. The database covers data from 2004 onwards and offers full-text access to titles from Open Access journals, with over 600 currently available. ICI provides search and analytical features.

ICI was launched in India in 2009 and is funded by Diva Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.

Abstract (summary)
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.  Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does.