hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exploratory causal analysis
Causal analysis is the field of experimental design and statistical analysis pertaining to establishing cause and effect. Exploratory causal analysis (ECA), also known as data causality or causal discovery is the use of statistical algorithms to infer associations in observed data sets that are potentially causal under strict assumptions. ECA is a type of causal inference distinct from causal modeling and treatment effects in randomized controlled trials. It is exploratory research usually preceding more formal causal research in the same way exploratory data analysis often precedes statistical hypothesis testing in data analysis

Average treatment effect
The average treatment effect (ATE) is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the difference in mean (average) outcomes between units assigned to the treatment and units assigned to the control.  In a randomized trial (i.e., an experimental study), the average treatment effect can be estimated from a sample using a comparison in mean outcomes for treated and untreated units. However, the ATE is generally understood as a causal parameter (i.e., an estimate or property of a population) that a researcher desires to know, defined without reference to the study design or estimation procedure. Both observational studies and experimental study designs with random assignment may enable one to estimate an ATE in a variety of ways.

The average treatment effect is under some conditions directly related to the partial dependence plot.
WWCA
WWCA (1270 AM) is a noncommercial radio station licensed to Gary, Indiana, United States, serving northwest Indiana. It airs a Catholic radio format as an owned and operated affiliate of Relevant Radio.

WWCA's transmitter is located off of Chase Street near 50th Street in Gary. Programming is also heard on 100-watt FM translator W268DI at 101.5 MHz in Gary.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Stearoyl-CoA
Stearoyl-CoA is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. Stearoyl-CoA is an 18-carbon long fatty acyl-CoA chain that participates in an unsaturation reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. It forms a cis-double bond between the ninth and tenth carbons within the chain to form the product oleoyl-CoA.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Tracy Panton
Tracy Taegar Panton is a Belizean politician. A member of the United Democratic Party, she has represented the Albert constituency in the Belize House of Representatives since 2015.

Her father, Dr Leroy Taegar, was a council candidate for the PUP in 1977. Before running for parliament Panton had a career in the tourism industry in Belize. She spent 12 years as the director of the Belize Tourism Board before leaving in 2009. In 2012 she was appointed chief executive of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, a post she held until being selected for the Albert seat in 2015.

In 2022 Panton ran for the leadership of the UDP, and lost against Shyne Barrow.

The 2025 election had two sets of UDP candidates, some around leader Barrow, and others around Panton. Panton's faction defeated Barrow in his Mesopotamia seat, making Panton the new leader of the opposition.
On Friday 14 March 2025 she officially became the leader of the opposition, the first female politician to hold that position.

2015 Belizean general election
General elections were held in Belize on 4 November 2015 to elect members of the House of Representatives. On 28 September 2015 Prime Minister Dean Barrow announced that he had advised the Governor-General to dissolve the National Assembly and to fix Wednesday 4 November 2015 as the date for the next general elections.

Barrow's United Democratic Party increased its majority from 17 seats to 19 seats. While the People's United Party won 12 seats.
South of Dixie
South of Dixie is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and written by Clyde Bruckman. The film stars Anne Gwynne, David Bruce, Jerome Cowan, Ella Mae Morse, Joe Sawyer and Samuel S. Hinds. The film was released om June 23, 1944, by Universal Pictures.

Clyde Bruckman
Clyde Adolf Bruckman (June 30, 1894: 131  – January 4, 1955) was an American writer and director of comedy films during the late silent era, who continued working into the 1950s. Bruckman collaborated with such comedians as Buster Keaton, Monty Banks, W. C. Fields, Laurel and Hardy, The Three Stooges, Abbott and Costello, and Harold Lloyd.

Hollywood chronicler Kenneth Anger considers Bruckman to have been one of the key figures in the history of American screen comedy.
Veetrirundha Perumal Temple
The Veetrirundha Perumal Temple is a Hindu temple situated in the village of Veppathur in the Thiruvidaimarudur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is glorified by Maharishi Valmiki and classified as one of the 108 Abhimana Kshethrams of the Vaishnavate tradition. This place is said to be worshiped by many Vaishnava Acharyas. The temple is very different from other temples and is one of the oldest surviving temples which date to the Pre-Pallava era.

Thiruvidaimarudur Taluk
Thiruvidaimarudur taluk (திருவிடைமருதூர் தாலுகா) is a taluk in the Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is the town of Thiruvidaimarudur. It is further sub-divided into two revenue blocks: Thiruppanandal and Thiruvidaimarudur.
West Branch Carrabassett River
The West Branch Carrabassett River is a short tributary of the Carrabassett River in Franklin County, Maine. From the confluence of Quick Stream with a small stream (44°54′02″N 70°16′41″W﻿ / ﻿44.9005°N 70.2780°W﻿ / 44.9005; -70.2780﻿ (West Branch Carrabassett River source)) in Salem, the river runs 11.1 miles (17.9 km) northeast to its mouth in Kingfield.

Kingfield, Maine
Kingfield is a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States. The population was 960 at the 2020 census. Kingfield, the primary village in the town, is a census-designated place.

Kingfield is the principal gateway to Sugarloaf, a major ski resort, and is headquarters to Maine Huts and Trails.
Pannipar Kamnueng
Pannipar Kamnueng (Thai: พัณณิภา คำนึง, born January 22, 1976) is a Thai former football referee.

She first refereed internationally at the 2004 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship before going on to officiate at the 2005 East Asian Cup.

Kamnueng was chosen for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China and refereed Brazil's 5–0 win against New Zealand.

New Zealand women's national football team
The New Zealand women's national football team represents New Zealand in international football competitions, and is governed by New Zealand Football (NZF). They are nicknamed the Football Ferns.

The New Zealand national team has taken part in the FIFA Women's World Cup six times, making their debut in 1991. New Zealand co-hosted the 2023 World Cup alongside Australia. They have failed to go past the group stage in all occasions.
Jostein Nilsen
Jostein Nilsen is a Norwegian orienteering competitor who competed in the 1960s and 1970s, and represented Norway at three world championships.

Nilsen competed at the 1966 World Orienteering Championships in Fiskars, Finland, where he placed 14th in the individual contest.  At the 1968 World Orienteering Championships in Linköping, Sweden, he placed 7th in the individual course, and at the 1970 World Championships in Friedrichroda, East Germany, he again placed 7th in the individual contest.

Linköping
Linköping (/ˈlɪnʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ LIN-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Sweden, with around 167,000 inhabitants as of 2024. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral (Domkyrkan).

Nowadays, Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025. Located on the Östergötland Plain, Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east, near the sea.
Yunan Tombe Trille Kuku Andali
Yunan Tombe Trille Kuku Andali (born 1 January 1964) is a Sudanese prelate of the Catholic Church who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of El Obeid, in Sudan since 13 February 2017. Before then, from 7 April 1991 until he was appointed bishop, he was a priest of the same Catholic diocese. He was appointed bishop by Pope Francis. He was consecrated bishop on 23 April 2017.

Juba
Juba is the capital and largest city of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and also serves as the capital of the Central Equatoria State. It is the most recently declared national capital and had a population of 525,953 in 2017. It has an area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi), with the metropolitan area covering 336 km2 (130 sq mi).

Juba was established in 1920–21 by the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in a small Bari village, also called Juba. The city was made the capital of Mongalla Province in the late 1920s. The growth of the town accelerated following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, which made Juba the capital of the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. Juba became the capital of South Sudan in 2011 after its independence, but influential parties wanted Ramciel to be the capital. The government announced the move of the capital to Ramciel, but it has not yet occurred.
Ranger 4
Ranger 4 was a spacecraft of the Ranger program, launched in 1962. It was designed to transmit pictures of the lunar surface to Earth stations during a period of 10 minutes of flight prior to crashing upon the Moon, to rough-land a seismometer capsule on the Moon, to collect gamma-ray data in flight, to study radar reflectivity of the lunar surface, and to continue testing of the Ranger program for development of lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.

An onboard computer failure caused failure of the deployment of the solar panels and navigation systems; as a result the spacecraft crashed on the far side of the Moon without returning any scientific data. It was the first spacecraft of the United States to reach another celestial body and the first of any nation to reach the surface of the far side of the Moon.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Lavan (name)
Lavan is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Al Lavan (born 1946), former college football head coach

Doc Lavan (1890–1952), Major League Baseball shortstop

John Lavan (1911–2006), former judge on the Supreme Court of Western Australia

Rene Lavan (born 1968), Cuban-American actor

Samuel Lavan (born 1982), Israeli footballer

Given name:

LaVan Davis (born 1966), American actor and singer

Harvey Lavan "Van" Cliburn Jr. (1934-2013), American pianist

Fictional characters:

Lavan Firestorm, character in the book Brightly Burning

John Lavan
Sir John Martin Lavan (September 1911 – 1 December 2006) was a judge in the Supreme Court of Western Australia.

Lavan was educated at Christian Brothers, Perth and Xavier College in Melbourne. He joined his father's firm Lavan and Walsh in 1934, where he remained until 1969.

He was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Western Australia in 1969, a position he held until 1981.

He served as president of the law society from 1964 to 1966, and he was also chairman of the Parole Board of WA from 1960 to 1969.
Eric III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Eric III of Saxe-Bergedorf (mid 1330s – 1401) was the youngest son of Duke Albert IV of Saxe-Lauenburg and Beata of Schwerin (*?–before 1341*), daughter of Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin. Eric was determined for and started a career as cleric. However, after his two elder brothers John III and Albert V had died without heirs, Eric III quit the clergy.

Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin
Gunzelin VI of Schwerin (died: 1327) was a son of Count Niklot I of Schwerin and his wife, Elisabeth of Holstein.  In 1323, he succeeded his father in Schwerin-Wittenburg.

He was married to Richardis of Tecklenburg, daughter of Count Otto IV of Tecklenburg.  They had five children:

Otto (d. 1357)

Nicholas (d. 1367)

Matilda, married Count Henning of Gützkow

Beata, in 1334 married Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Richardis (d. 1384), married Valdemar V, Duke of Schleswig
Sara Squadrani
Sara Squadrani (born 14 February 1986) is an Italian soprano singer, best known as a vocalist of the Italian symphonic power metal band Ancient Bards since 2007.

She has also collaborated with Arjen Anthony Lucassen's metal opera project Ayreon in 2013 and has a made guest appearance on album The Theory of Everything as a character called "The Girl". In 2016, she also collaborated with Italian power metal band Trick or Treat on the album Rabbits' Hill Pt. 2.

Besides singing, she studied at the University of Bologna as an architecture and building engineering student.

Rock opera
A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs, especially a concept album, with lyrics that relate to a common story. The use of various character roles within the song lyrics is a common storytelling device. The success of rock opera has inspired similar works in other musical styles, such as rap opera.

Unlike classical opera, rock operas are typically not scripted for theatrical production, like a classical oratorio, though some have been adapted as rock musicals.
Brooke Lewis Bellas
Brooke Lewis Bellas (born September 1, 1975) is an American actress and producer known for the mystery thriller  Kinky Killers (2007) on Showtime opposite Charles Durning and Michael Pare, the mystery thriller iMurders (2008) on Starz opposite Billy Dee Williams, Gabrielle Anwar and Frank Grillo, the mobster movie Sinatra Club (2010) on Netflix opposite Michael Nouri, Danny Nucci and Jason Gedrick, and her alter-ego character Ms. Vampy.

After growing up in Philadelphia and New Jersey, she began her television career as a dancer on Dance Party USA on USA Network, then moved to New York City and booked the role of Donna Marsala in the Off-Broadway comedy Tony n' Tina's Wedding. After moving to Hollywood, she launched Philly Chick Pictures in 2002 to create more opportunities for herself as an actress. In 2007, she played Dr. Grace Sario in Kinky Killers, which aired on Showtime, earning the title "Scream Queen".

Michael Nouri
Michael Nouri (born December 9, 1945) is an American screen and stage actor. He is best known for his television roles, including Dr. Neil Roberts on The O.C., Phil Grey on Damages, Caleb Cortlandt on All My Children, Eli David in NCIS, and Bob Schwartz on Yellowstone. He is also known for his starring roles in the films Flashdance (1983) and The Hidden (1987), and has appeared in several Broadway and Off-Broadway plays, including the original production of Victor/Victoria. He is a Saturn Award and Daytime Emmy Award nominee.
Jussi Kurikkala
Juho "Jussi" Kurikkala (12 August 1912 – 10 March 1951) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s. He was born in Kalajoki, and won three medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1937, a gold in the same event in 1938, and a gold in the 18 km in 1939. He was also a long-distance runner and competed in the marathon at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Kalajoki
Kalajoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑlɑˌjoki]; literally translated the "fish river") is a coastal town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the immediate vicinity of the Gulf of Bothnia in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region.

The town has a population of 12,231 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 2,391.30 square kilometres (923.29 sq mi) of which 1,469.15 km2 (567.24 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.3/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
The Clouds Hill Tapes Parts I, II & III
The Clouds Hill Tapes Parts I, II & III is a session collection of twenty songs released on July 24, 2020, by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist. It is a 3-LP set featuring new rerecorded versions of tracks from nine of Omar's twenty-three records released in the "Ipecac Series" of 2016–2017 and serves as a compilation grouping distinct genres of his vast array of music across three 180 gram 12" vinyl. It is Rodríguez-López's first release on Clouds Hill records since 2012.

Omar Rodríguez-López
Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He is also known for his extensive solo career, which includes over fifty individual releases, and is frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, Hans Zimmer, Buzz Osborne, Lydia Lunch, Zach Hill, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.
The Gate of Worlds
The Gate of Worlds is an alternate history novel by American writer Robert Silverberg. It was first published by Holt, Rinehart & Winston in the United States in 1967. The first UK hardcover edition was published by Gollancz in 1978.

Set in an alternate timeline where the Black Death decimates much more of Europe's population, the book explores a world where the European powers are unable to recover from the pandemic, leaving them vulnerable against the rising Ottoman Empire and unable to successfully colonize the Americas, while other powers grow in size and influence in Eurasia. The novel follows young entrepreneur Dan Beauchamp and his travels to Turtle Island, leaving behind the destitute British Isles.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
SAMG Entertainment
SAMG Entertainment (Korean: 에스에이엠지 엔터테인먼트), formerly known as SAMG Animation, is a leading South Korean animation studio and global entertainment company that is responsible for creating and distributing CGI children's animation and media content. Established on July 26, 2000, they co-produce their series either in-house or with international production studios.

In April 2021, SAMG Animation announced their rebranding to SAMG Entertainment.

SK Broadband
SK Broadband, Inc. (Korean: SK브로드밴드; KRX: 033630; formerly Hanaro Telecom) is a Seoul-based telecommunications company and a wholly owned subsidiary of SK Telecom. It is one of the largest broadband Internet access providers in South Korea. Until its takeover in 2008, Hanaro controlled nearly half of the Korean landline market, as it was the only last mile-competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) other than the state-owned KT Corp. SK Broadband also has a division known as "Broad &" that controls a large portion of the South Korean calling card market.

In October 2014, SK Broadband unveiled the world's first 10 Gbit/s Internet service at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference. The new Internet service is 100 times faster than existing LAN services in South Korea, which deliver download speeds of 100 Mbit/s.
2023 Koser Jewelers Tennis Challenge – Doubles
Sophie Chang and Anna Danilina were the defending champions but Danilina chose to compete at the 2023 National Bank Open instead. Chang partnered alongside Yulia Starodubtseva, and won the tournament after Olivia Gadecki and Mai Hontama withdrew from the final.

Mai Hontama
Mai Hontama (本玉真唯) (born 30 August 1999) is a Japanese tennis player. Hontama has a career-high singles ranking of 105 by the WTA, achieved on 5 August 2024, and a career-high doubles ranking of 109, set on 6 November 2023.
Anxiety (Julia Michaels song)
"Anxiety" is a song by American singer and songwriter Julia Michaels featuring guest vocals from American singer Selena Gomez, from her fourth EP, Inner Monologue Part 1 (2019). The song was written by Michaels, Gomez, Scott Harris, and its producer Ian Kirkpatrick. It was sent to Australian radio on January 24, 2019 as the lead single from the EP and was the most added song the week after its release.

Ian Kirkpatrick (music producer)
Ian Eric Kirkpatrick (born September 20, 1982) is an American record producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He has produced and written music for many high-profile artists such as Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, Dua Lipa, Jason Derulo, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, Nick Jonas, Pitbull, Sabrina Carpenter, Selena Gomez, Shakira, and The Chainsmokers. Kirkpatrick's writing catalogue includes songs which have amassed over a billion streams individually on streaming platform Spotify.

Kirkpatrick is managed by Dan Petel of This Is Noise Management.