hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infinite-valued logic
In logic, an infinite-valued logic (or real-valued logic or infinitely-many-valued logic) is a many-valued logic in which truth values comprise a continuous range. Traditionally, in Aristotle's logic, logic other than bivalent logic was abnormal, as the law of the excluded middle precluded more than two possible values (i.e., "true" and "false") for any proposition. Modern three-valued logic (trivalent logic) allows for an additional possible truth value (i.e., "undecided") and is an example of finite-valued logic in which truth values are discrete, rather than continuous. Infinite-valued logic comprises continuous fuzzy logic, though fuzzy logic in some of its forms can further encompass finite-valued logic. For example, finite-valued logic can be applied in Boolean-valued modeling, description logics, and defuzzification of fuzzy logic.

Boolean-valued model
In mathematical logic, a Boolean-valued model is a generalization of the ordinary Tarskian notion of structure from model theory. In a Boolean-valued model, the truth values of propositions are not limited to "true" and "false", but instead take values in some fixed complete Boolean algebra.

Boolean-valued models were introduced by Dana Scott, Robert M. Solovay, and Petr Vopěnka in the 1960s in order to help understand Paul Cohen's method of forcing. They are also related to Heyting algebra semantics in intuitionistic logic.
Mark Cohen (American football)
Mark Cohen (born 1970) is an English former American football wide receiver who played in the British, Danish, German and Finnish leagues. He is considered by some as one of the best players in British history.

London Monarchs
The London Monarchs were a professional American football team in NFL Europe and its predecessor league, the World League of American Football (WLAF). The Monarchs played their final season in 1998 as the England Monarchs. In 1999, they were replaced by the new Berlin Thunder.
Quinn Marston
Quinn C. Marston (born May 31, 1988) is an American musician and artist. His music has been featured on TV shows such as One Tree Hill, Ghost Whisperer, and The Gates. He has performed regularly at various New York City clubs, including the Knitting Factory in Brooklyn and The National Underground in Manhattan. 
Marston is the son of public service advertising director Ginna Marston and the grandson of advertising copywriter Frederick D. Sulcer.

Knitting Factory
The Knitting Factory is a nightclub in New York City that features eclectic music and entertainment and is co-owned and co-operated by Knitting Factory Entertainment. After opening in 1987, various other locations were opened in the United States.

The Knitting Factory gave its audience poetry readings, performance art, standup comedy, and musicians who transcended the usual boundaries of rock and jazz, often experimental music. The Knitting Factory owners distributed some performances to radio stations, and around 1990 starting a radio show and the record label Knitting Factory Works. Later the founders started Knitting Factory Records in 1998.
LD postcode area
The LD postcode area, also known as the Llandrindod Wells postcode area, is a group of eight postcode districts in Wales. These postcode districts cover much of south Powys, including Llandrindod Wells, Brecon, Builth Wells, Presteigne, Knighton, Rhayader, Llanwrtyd Wells and Llangammarch Wells. The LD6 district also covers one isolated farmhouse in Ceredigion. The LD7 and LD8 districts extend across the border into England, covering very small parts of Shropshire and Herefordshire.

The LD area is sparsely populated and contains fewer postcodes than any other area on the British mainland, except for the KW area in the north-east of Scotland.

Rhayader
Rhayader (/ˈreɪ.ədər/; Welsh: Rhaeadr Gwy; pronounced [ˈr̥əɪadar ˈɡʊi̯]) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, within the historic county of Radnorshire. The town is 20 miles (32 km) from the source of the River Wye on Plynlimon, the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains, and is located at the junction of the A470 road and the A44 road 13 miles (21 km) north of Builth Wells and 30 miles (48 km) east of Aberystwyth.

The population was 2,088, with 55% of the community having some form of Welsh identity, according to the 2011 census. The community is the largest in Wales by area, with 137.31 km2 (53.02 sq mi). It includes the Elan Valley.

Rhayader holds the record for the lowest-ever temperature recorded in Wales, -23.3 °C on 21 January 1940.

Jasper Fforde’s novels “Red Side Story” and “Shades of Grey: The Road to High Saffron” are located in a dystopian version of Rhayader called East Carmine.
Samantha Moore
Samantha Jo Moore (born December 28, 1988) is a Canadian singer and songwriter whose songs have been recorded and re-cut by Miley Cyrus (“East Northumberland High” from Meet Miley Cyrus), as well as up and coming artists, including Diana DeGarmo (“Then I Woke Up”, “The Difference In Me”, “‘Till You Want Me”, “Boy Like You”, from Blue Skies), and  The Clique Girlz (“Then I Woke Up”, “The Difference In Me”, from Incredible and the EP Clique Girlz) and co-wrote “Falling Down Your Stare” from  Hope 7's self-titled debut album. Additionally, Mexican Pop band, Nikki Clan did a cover of “A Boy Like You” and “The Difference In Me” for their debut album, No Sera Igual.

Hope 7
Hope 7 was a pop rock band that performed together from 2002 to 2005. The band members consisted of Kristi McClave (lead singer), Dave Noble (guitarist), Chevy Martinez (bassist), and Chase Duddy (drummer).
Misamis Oriental's 1st congressional district
Misamis Oriental's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Misamis Oriental. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the eastern half of the province consisting of the city of Gingoog and the municipalities of Balingasag, Balingoan,  Binuangan, Kinoguitan, Lagonglong, Magsaysay, Medina, Salay, Sugbongcogon and Talisayan. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Karen Lagbas of the National Unity Party (NUP).

Magsaysay, Misamis Oriental
Magsaysay, officially the Municipality of Magsaysay (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Magsaysay; Tagalog: Bayan ng Magsaysay), is a municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 36,803 people.

Magsaysay was formerly known as Linugos. It acquired its current name in 1957.
Sycamore Ranger Station
Sycamore Ranger Station, also known as Sycamore Work Center and as Sycamore Administrative Site,  in Prescott National Forest near Camp Verde, Arizona was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which includes vernacular, national(?), and other styles.  It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service.  It served historically as institutional housing and as government office space.  The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha).

The site was established as a ranger station in 1917, and is named for Sycamore Creek which flows westward to the Agua Fria.  By the 1920s the site had an office, a dwelling, a barn and perhaps a chicken house.  The CCC was asked to construct new facilities in the late 1930s or the 1940s, and it built a new dwelling and barn which survive today and a new office and shop/garage which do not survive.

Prescott National Forest
The Prescott National Forest is a 1.25 million-acre (510,000 ha) United States National Forest located in north central Arizona in the vicinity of Prescott. The forest is located in the mountains southwest of Flagstaff and north of Phoenix in Yavapai County, with a small portion (about 3.5 percent) extending into southwestern Coconino County.

The Forest Service divides the forest into 3 administrative districts.  The northern section of the forest is the Chino Valley Ranger District, the southwest section is the Bradshaw Ranger District, and the southeast section is the Verde Ranger District.  Central administrative offices are in Prescott with local ranger district offices in  Camp Verde, Chino Valley, and Prescott.
David Darg
David Darg is an American director and cinematographer. In 2011 he co-founded the media company RYOT with Bryn Mooser. He received critical praise for his documentary Body Team 12 which garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) at the 88th Academy Awards.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Perry Keith
Perry Polk Keith Sr. (October 20, 1847 – February 6, 1935), was a planter, developer, and a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives who was the co-founder and namesake of the unincorporated community of Keithville outside Shreveport in Caddo Parish in northwestern Louisiana.

Keithville came into existence when two railroads met on Keith properties in the early 1880s, the Texas and Pacific (T&P) and the Houston-Shreveport, later part of the Southern Pacific.

Texas and Pacific Railway
The Texas and Pacific Railway Company (known as the T&P) was created by federal charter in 1871 with the purpose of building a southern transcontinental railroad between Marshall, Texas, and San Diego, California. However its lines never went west of El Paso, near where in 1881 it connected to the Southern Pacific line to California.
Shalfoon
Shalfoon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Shalfoon (born 1997), New Zealand rugby union player

Gareeb Stephen Shalfoon (1904–1953), New Zealand dance band musician and storekeeper

Gareeb Stephen Shalfoon
Gareeb Stephen Shalfoon (1904–1953) was a notable New Zealand  dance band musician, storekeeper and music shop proprietor. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Whakatohea iwi. He was born in Ōpōtiki, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in 1904.

His band the "Melody Boys" made the first jazz recording in New Zealand in 1930, on a short publicity film.
Walking fish
A walking fish, or ambulatory fish, is a fish that is able to travel over land for extended periods of time. Some other modes of non-standard fish locomotion include "walking" along the sea floor, for example, in  handfish or frogfish.

Handfish
Handfish or warty frogfish are marine, ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Brachionichthyinae, a group that comprises five genera and 14 extant species and is classified within the frogfish family Antennariidae in the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.  These benthic, marine fish are unusual in the way that in addition to swimming, they also use their pectoral fins to "walk" on the sea floor.
Parmotrema betaniae
Parmotrema betaniae is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Venezuela. It was described as a new species in 1986 by lichenologist Mason Hale. The holotype was collected in Táchira State, in the valley of Páramo de Tamá, at an elevation of 2,300 metres (7,500 ft). It has also been recorded from Bolivia.  Its thallus measures up to 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter. It is characterized by the pigmentation of most of its medulla, coloured pale orange or salmon-red to yellow (except for the upper part).

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Defence Headquarters (Sri Lanka)
The Defence Headquarters Complex (Sinhala: ආරක්ෂක හමුදා මුලස්ථානය, romanized: ārakshaka hamudā mūlasthānaya) is a complex of buildings currently under construction at Akuregoda, Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte to house the Sri Lanka Armed Forces headquarters and offices of the Ministry of Defence.

Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 346,700 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka. As of 2021 it is the 14th largest military in the world, with 1.46% of the Sri Lankan population actively serving.
Berliner Singakademie (East Berlin)
Berliner Singakademie, consisting of nearly 90 singers, is one of the largest amateur choirs in Berlin. It sees itself in the tradition of Sing-Akademie zu Berlin, founded in 1791 and still existing. The choir sings Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Modern and Contemporary music. The choir was founded in 1963 by Helmut Koch. Since 1989, Achim Zimmermann is its director.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Exception that proves the rule
"The exception that proves the rule" is a saying whose meaning is contested. Henry Watson Fowler's Modern English Usage identifies five ways in which the phrase has been used, and each use makes some sort of reference to the role that a particular case or event takes in relation to a more general rule.

H. W. Fowler
Henry Watson Fowler (10 March 1858 – 26 December 1933) was an English schoolmaster, lexicographer and commentator on the usage of the English language. He is notable for both A Dictionary of Modern English Usage and his work on the Concise Oxford Dictionary, and was described by The Times as "a lexicographical genius".

After an Oxford education, Fowler was a schoolmaster until his middle age and then worked in London as a freelance writer and journalist, but was not very successful. In partnership with his brother Francis, beginning in 1906, he began publishing seminal grammar, style and lexicography books. After his brother's death in 1918, he completed the works on which they had collaborated and edited additional works.
Monkey mind
The term monkey mind or mind monkey originates from Chinese xīnyuán or Sino-Japanese shin'en (心猿), a word that literally means "heart-mind monkey." It is a Buddhist concept that describes a state of restlessness, capriciousness, and lack of control in one's thoughts. This "mind monkey" metaphor is not only found in Buddhist writings such as Chan or Zen, Consciousness-only, Pure Land, and Shingon, but it has also been adopted in Daoism, Neo-Confucianism, Chinese poetry, theater, and literature. The expression "monkey mind" commonly appears in two reversible four-character idioms paired with yima or iba (意馬), which means "idea horse": Chinese xinyuanyima (心猿意馬) and Japanese ibashin'en (意馬心猿) illustrate the interconnectedness of a restless mind and wandering thoughts. The "Monkey King" Sun Wukong in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West is an iconic personification of feeling indecisive and unsettled.

Theatre of China
Theatre of China has a long and complex history. Traditional Chinese theatre, generally in the form of Chinese opera, is musical in nature. Chinese theatre can trace its origin back a few millennia to ancient China, but the Chinese opera started to develop in the 12th century. Western forms like the spoken drama, western-style opera, and ballet did not arrive in China until the 20th century.
Coinage Act 1971
The Coinage Act 1971 (c. 24) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidated prior coinage-related enactments relating to the country's coinage. Among its provisions, which coins (but not notes) are legal tender was redefined and confirms that the Chancellor of the Exchequer is the Master of the Mint.

Master of the Mint
Master of the Mint is a title within the Royal Mint given to the most senior person responsible for its operation. It was an office in the governments of Scotland and England, and later Great Britain and then the United Kingdom, between the 16th and 19th centuries. Until 1699, the appointment was usually for life. Its holder occasionally sat in the cabinet.

During the interregnum (1643–1660), the last Master of the Mint to Charles I, Sir Robert Harley, transferred his allegiance to Parliament and remained in office. After his death in 1656, Aaron Guerdon was appointed.

In 1870 the role was amalgamated into the office of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, making the Chancellor, by virtue of her position, the Master of the Mint. The duty of running the mint was given to the Deputy Master of the Mint; who is now the mint's Chief Executive.
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Emperor Go-Ichijō (後一条天皇, Go-Ichijō-tennō; October 12, 1008 – May 15, 1036) was the 68th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Go-Ichijō's reign spanned the years from 1016 through 1036.

This 11th century sovereign was named after his father, Emperor Ichijō, and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Ichijō", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Ichijō, the second", or even "Emperor Ichijō II".

Daijō-daijin
The Daijō-daijin or Dajō-daijin (太政大臣; "Chancellor of the Realm") was the head of the Daijō-kan (Council of State) during and after the Nara period and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. It was equivalent to the Chinese Tàishī (太師), or Grand Preceptor.
Lumsden (electoral district)
Lumsden was a provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The district was one of 25 created before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905. It was the riding of Premier Thomas Walter Scott.

The Lumsden constituency was renamed "Regina County" between the 1908 election and the 1912 election. Redrawn to include the area of the abolished district of North Qu'Appelle in 1934, the constituency was renamed "Qu'Appelle". Redrawn and renamed again as "Qu'Appelle-Lumsden" in 1982, the riding was abolished before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995. It is now part of the Regina Qu'Appelle Valley, Lumsden-Morse, and Last Mountain-Touchwood constituencies.

1905 Saskatchewan general election
The 1905 Saskatchewan general election was the first provincial election in the newly created Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It was held on 13 December 1905 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.  Walter Scott led the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan to victory over the Provincial Rights Party of Frederick W. A. G. Haultain, and became the first Premier of the new province.
Track and field at the 2019 Military World Games
The track and field competition at the 2019 Military World Games was held from 22 to 27 October 2019 at the Wuhan Five Rings Sports Center in Wuhan, China. A total of 45 athletics events were contested, 24 by men and 21 by women. Women did not compete in pole vault, 50 kilometres race walk or the 10,000 metres. Marathon events were staged on the East Lake Greenway. For a second time running, para-athletics events were included in the schedule, with a total of 78 medal events available, 41 for men and 37 for women.

50 kilometres race walk
The 50 kilometre race walk was an Olympic athletics event that first appeared in 1932 and made its final Olympic appearance in 2021. The racewalking event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.

50 kilometres is approximately 31 miles.

The 50 kilometres race walk was dropped from the Olympic program after the 2020 Tokyo Games in 2021 and was replaced by a mixed team race, the marathon race walk mixed relay in order to achieve gender equality.
Jason Warner
Jason Warner (born c. 1985) is a Canadian hardware store worker who won a World Series of Poker bracelet in the 2007 $1,500 No-Limit Hold'em short handed. Warner does not like playing poker online, preferring to play at the River Rock Casino near Vancouver. Prior to winning his bracelet he participated in one other WSOP event and a Canadian Poker Tour event where he won $22,000.  After winning a bracelet at the WSOP, he finished in the money at World Poker Tour's $10,000 Bellagio Cup III tournament.

As of 2008, Warner has tournament winnings in excess of $490,000.

River Rock Casino Resort
River Rock Casino Resort in Richmond, British Columbia is the largest casino in the province of British Columbia. The casino is owned by Great Canadian Entertainment. The hotel has a total of 396 rooms, including standard rooms and suites and it is situated on the river with a 144-berth marina.

The casino has 10,000 visitors per day on average and generated an annual revenue of $244 million as of August 2006.
Ascaricide
Ascaricides are drugs to treat ascariasis that is caused by infections with parasitic nematodes (roundworms) of the genus Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms). The large roundworm of pigs (Ascaris suum) typically infects pigs while Ascaris lumbricoides affects human populations, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. Ascaricides belong to the group of drugs collectively called anthelmintics which expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.

Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides is a large parasitic roundworm of the genus Ascaris. It is the most common parasitic worm in humans. An estimated 807 million–1.2 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides worldwide. People living in tropical and subtropical countries are at greater risk of infection. Infection by Ascaris lumbricoides is known as ascariasis.

It has been proposed that Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum (pig roundworm) are the same species.
2025 World Tennis League
The 2025 World Tennis League was a non-ATP/WTA-affiliated exhibition mixed-gender team tennis tournament. It was the fourth edition of the World Tennis League. The event was held for the first time in India, at the SM Krishna Tennis Stadium in Bengaluru on hard court from 17 until 20 December 2025.

Team Kites, composed of Nick Kyrgios, Marta Kostyuk, Dhakshineswar Suresh and Ankita Raina, won the title, defeating Team Eagles (Gaël Monfils, Paula Badosa, Sumit Nagal and Shrivalli Bhamidipaty) in the final, 22–19.

Sumit Nagal
Sumit Nagal (born 16 August 1997) is an Indian professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 68 achieved on 15 July 2024. Nagal is currently the No. 1 ranked Indian player. Since 2018, he has been a member of India's national Davis Cup squad.

He won the 2015 Wimbledon boys' doubles title with Vietnamese Lý Hoàng Nam, becoming the sixth Indian player to win a junior Grand Slam title.