hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chen Guangyuan
Chen Guangyuan (Chinese: 陈光远; 1873–1939), sobriquet Xiufeng (秀峰), was a Zhili clique warlord and military governor of Jiangxi from August 6, 1917, to June 15, 1922.

He was a warlord of Cuihuangkou (崔黄口), now modern-day Tianjin. He was one of the three governors of Changjiang (长江三督).

During the 1911 Xinhai Revolution he was part of the First Army, which fought against the revolutionaries of the Wuchang Uprising, and commanded the 7th Brigade of the Beiyang Army's 4th Division. Col. Chen was among the officers to be awarded the title batulu, which meant "brave warrior" in the Manchu language, after Hankou was captured from the revolutionaries. He was later promoted to the position of 4th Division commander after his predecessor, Wu Fengling, had to step down on account of illness.

Warlord
Warlords are individuals who exercise military, economic, and political control over a region, often one without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over local armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The term is often applied in the context of China around the end of the Qing dynasty, especially during the Warlord Era. The term may also be used for a supreme military leader.
Scorpio (film)
Scorpio is a 1973 American spy film directed by Michael Winner and written by David W. Rintels and Gerald Wilson. It stars Burt Lancaster, Alain Delon, and Paul Scofield. Delon plays the title character, a hitman hired by the CIA to assassinate his mentor (Lancaster), a former agent suspected of treason. The film's score was composed by Jerry Fielding.

Jerry Fielding
Jerry Fielding (born Joshua Itzhak Feldman; June 17, 1922 – February 17, 1980) was an American jazz musician, bandleader, arranger, and film composer. He was a three-time Oscar nominee for Best Original Score, and an Emmy Award winner.

He began his career as a popular arranger for radio orchestras, but was blacklisted in 1953, subsequently working in Las Vegas. In the following decade, he re-emerged as a composer of film and television scores, most notably Westerns, crime, and action films. He was best known for his collaborations with Sam Peckinpah, Clint Eastwood, and Michael Winner.

His notable film scores include The Wild Bunch (1969), Johnny Got His Gun (1971), Straw Dogs (also 1971), The Mechanic (1972), The Gambler (1974), The Bad News Bears (1976), The Outlaw Josey Wales (also 1976), Demon Seed (1977), and Escape from Alcatraz (1979). He was also noted for his work on the television series Star Trek and Kolchak: The Night Stalker.
1936 Tour de France
The 1936 Tour de France was the 30th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 7 July to 2 August. It was composed of 21 stages with a total length of 4,442 km (2,760 mi). Because of health problems, Henri Desgrange stopped as Tour director, and was succeeded by Jacques Goddet.

The race was won by Belgian cyclist Sylvère Maes. In the early stages, he battled with French Maurice Archambaud, until Archambaud lost many minutes on the eighth stage. Maes was then able to create a large margin with his new closest competitor Magne and teammate Vervaecke.

The team classification was won by the Belgian team, and Spanish cyclist Julián Berrendero won the mountains classification. There was also a one-time classification, based on points, that was won by Sylvère Maes.

Maurice Archambaud
Maurice Archambaud (30 August 1908 in Paris – 3 December 1955 in Le Raincy) was a French professional cyclist from 1932 to 1944. His short stature earned him the nickname of le nabot, or "the dwarf", but his colossal thighs made him an exceptional rider.

As an amateur, he won the Paris-Soissons and the Paris-Verneuil in 1931 and turned professional the following year for Alcyon, one of the top teams in France. He won the inaugural Grand Prix des Nations in his first season.

He set the world hour record at 45.767 km at the Vigorelli velodrome in Milan on 3 November 1937. He beat the Dutchman, Frans Slaats' record of 45.485 km, set on 29 September 1937. The record stood for five years before being beaten by Fausto Coppi.

Archambaud rode for France in the Tour de France between the wars. His sudden changes of form and frequent falls meant that he never won the race, but he did win ten stages  and wear the yellow jersey.

He won a shorter stage race, Paris–Nice, in 1936 and 1939.
Caryocolum inflativorella
Caryocolum inflativorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and North Macedonia.

The length of the forewings is 5.5–8 mm for males and 6–7 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing from late June to mid-August.

The larvae feed on Silene vulgaris. Larvae can be found in June.

Silene vulgaris
Silene vulgaris, the bladder campion or maidenstears, is a plant species of the genus Silene within the family Caryophyllaceae. Native to the Old World, the plant has been naturalized elsewhere, including North America. The young shoots and leaves are edible.
Niekro
Niekro is the surname of several people, most notably a family of American baseball players, all of whom have played in Major League Baseball:

Phil Niekro (1939–2020), pitcher; member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and older brother of:

Joe Niekro (1944–2006), pitcher; also father of:

Lance Niekro (born 1979), first baseman

Joe Niekro
Joseph Franklin Niekro (/ˈniːkroʊ/ NEE-kroh; November 7, 1944 – October 27, 2006) was an American professional baseball pitcher. During a 22-year baseball career, he pitched from 1967 to 1988 for seven different teams, primarily for the Houston Astros.

He was the younger brother of pitcher Phil Niekro, and the father of former Major League first baseman Lance Niekro. Niekro was born in Martins Ferry, Ohio, and attended Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Ohio, and West Liberty University in West Liberty, West Virginia.
Sacred trees in Sikhism
There are a number of sacred trees considered sacred in the Sikh religion. As many as fifty-eight Sikh shrines are associated with particular trees of importance, with up to nineteen tree species being represented amongst these sacred trees. Many of the sacred trees are associated with miraculous sakhis or historical events.

Lists of trees
A listing of lists of trees.

List of individual trees, including actual and mythical trees

List of largest giant sequoias

List of old growth forests

List of oldest trees

List of superlative trees
List of superlative trees in Sweden

List of tallest trees

List of tree genera

List of trees and shrubs by taxonomic family
Frank Paolino
Frank Paolino is an Australian politician from the Labor Party who is member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the electoral district of Mount Lawley. He won his seat at the 2025 Western Australian state election.

Paolino is of Italian Australian descent and has served in Italian diplomatic missions, including as part of the Italian delegation to the 2014 G20 Summit in Brisbane.

Italian Australians
Italian Australians (Italian: italo-australiani) are Australian-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Australia during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Australia.

Italian Australians constitute the sixth largest ancestry group in Australia, and one of the largest groups in the global Italian diaspora. At the 2021 census, 1,108,364 Australian residents nominated Italian ancestry (whether alone or in combination with another ancestry), representing 4.4% of the Australian population. The 2021 census found that 171,520 were born in Italy.

In 2021, there were 228,042 Australian residents who spoke Italian at home. The Italo-Australian dialect is prominent among Italian Australians who use the Italian language.
Fretcheville Dykes
Fretcheville Lawson Ballantine Dykes (12 December 1800 – 26 November 1866) was a British politician.

The son of Joseph Dykes Ballantine, Fretcheville was born with the surname Ballantine, but added "Dykes" later in life.  He lived at Dovenby Hall in Cockermouth.  He studied at Oriel College, Oxford, and graduated in 1822.

At the 1832 UK general election, Dykes stood in Cockermouth and was elected for the Whigs.  He supported the provisions of the Reform Act 1832 and further reforms, such as voting by ballot, Parliaments being limited to a three-year term, the repeal of the window tax and the Corn Law, and the removal of bishops from the House of Lords.

Dykes was re-elected at the 1835 UK general election, but stood down soon afterwards, by being appointed to the Chiltern Hundreds.

Chiltern Hundreds
The Chiltern Hundreds is an ancient administrative area in Buckinghamshire, England, composed of three ancient hundreds and lying partially within the Chiltern Hills. "Taking the Chiltern Hundreds" refers to one of the legal fictions used to effect resignation from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Since Members of Parliament are not permitted to resign, they are instead appointed to an "office of profit under the Crown", which requires MPs to vacate their seats. The ancient office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds, having been reduced to a mere sinecure by the 17th century, was first used by John Pitt (of Encombe) in 1751 to vacate his seat in the House of Commons. Other titles were also later used for the same purpose, but only those of the Chiltern Hundreds and the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead are still in use.
1997–98 Iran 2nd Division
The 1997–98 Iran 2nd Division football season was played in four groups of ten teams each. The top two teams from each group advanced to the second round, and the top four in the second round (Malavan, Bank Melli, Chooka Talesh and Aboomoslem) gained promotion to the Azadegan League, at that time the top-level football league in Iran.

Chooka Talesh F.C.
Chooka Talesh Football Club (Talysh: Čuká Táleš Futboli Klub, Persian: باشگاه فوتبال چوکای تالش, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Chuka-e Tālesh) is an Iranian football club based in Talesh, Iran. They currently compete in League 2.
Majid Akbari
A Bear Named Winnie
A Bear Named Winnie is a 2004 made-for-television drama film directed by John Kent Harrison. It stars Michael Fassbender and David Suchet. It concerns one of the real-life inspirations behind A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh.

David Suchet
Sir David Courtney Suchet (/ˈsuːʃeɪ/ SOO-shay; born 2 May 1946) is an English actor. He is known for his work on stage and in television. He portrayed Edward Teller in the television serial Oppenheimer (1980) and received the RTS and BPG awards for his performance as Augustus Melmotte in the British serial The Way We Live Now (2001). International acclaim and recognition followed his performance as Agatha Christie's detective Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot (1989–2013), for which he received a 1991 British Academy Television Award for Best Actor nomination.

A prolific stage actor, Suchet has been nominated for nine Olivier Awards and a Tony Award.
Japanese ship Isuzu
Two warships of Japan have been named Isuzu:

Japanese cruiser Isuzu, a Nagara-class cruiser launched in 1921 and sunk in 1945

JDS Isuzu, an Isuzu-class destroyer escort launched in 1961 and stricken in 1992

Japanese cruiser Isuzu
Isuzu (五十鈴) was the second of six vessels in the Nagara class of light cruisers, and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla. She was named after the Isuzu River, near Ise Shrine in the Chūbu region of Japan.  She saw action during World War II in the Battle of Hong Kong and in the Solomon Islands campaign, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf before being sunk by American submarines in the Netherlands East Indies in April 1945.
Stropharia
The genus Stropharia (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible Stropharia rugosoannulata and the blue-green verdigris agarics (Stropharia aeruginosa and allies). Stropharia are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species Stropharia rugosoannulata is regarded as prized and delicious when young and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates.

Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).

He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight
The men's heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 91 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 22 September to 1 October 1988. 18 boxers from 18 nations competed. 27-year-old Ray Mercer, who took up boxing only four years prior, won the gold medal.

Maik Heydeck
Maik Heydeck (born 8 September 1965 in Angermünde) is an East German amateur boxer who competed at the super heavyweight division, winning a bronze medal at the 1989 World Championships in Moscow. He represented the SC Dynamo Berlin / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo.
Subtropics (journal)
Subtropics is an American literary journal based at the University of Florida in Gainesville.

Works originally published in Subtropics have been subsequently selected for inclusion in the Best American Poetry, The Best American Short Stories, Best American Nonrequired Reading, New Stories from the Midwest, New Stories from the South, the O. Henry Prize anthology, and the Pushcart Prize anthology.

Notable writers who have contributed to this journal include Seth Abramson, Steve Almond, Chris Bachelder, John Barth, Harold Bloom, Peter Cameron, Anne Carson, Billy Collins, Martha Collins, Mark Doty, Lauren Groff, Allan Gurganus, Amy Hempel, Bob Hicok, Roy Kesey, J. M. G. Le Clézio, Les Murray, Edna O'Brien, Lucia Perillo, D. A. Powell, Padgett Powell, A. E. Stallings, Olga Slavnikova, Ben Sonnenberg, Peter Stamm, Terese Svoboda, and Paul Theroux.

Seth Abramson
Seth Abramson (born October 31, 1976) is an American professor, attorney, author, political columnist, musician, and poet. He is the editor of the Best American Experimental Writing series and wrote a trilogy of nonfiction works detailing the foreign policy agenda and political scandals of president Donald Trump.
Apiomorpha
Apiomorpha is a genus of scale insect that induces galls on species of Eucalyptus. Galls are initiated by first-instar nymphs (crawlers) on new plant growth and, when mature, the galls exhibit marked sexual dimorphism. Those induced by females are among the largest and most spectacular of arthropod-induced galls whereas those of males are small and most are tubular. Apiomorpha is known only from Australia and New Guinea although its host, Eucalyptus, has a wider distribution into Indonesia as well.

Apiomorpha is currently classified in the Eriococcidae, but this family is not monophyletic.

Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek νύμφα nūmphē meaning "bride") is the juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage.  Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
Dinu Li
Dinu Li (born 1966) is a Hong Kong/British photographer and multimedia artist. His publication The Mother of All Journeys was shortlisted for the 2007 Rencontres d'Arles Photobook Award. His work has been included in numerous publications, such as The Chinese Art Book showcasing artworks by two hundred significant Chinese artists since the Shang Dynasty.

Rencontres d'Arles
The Rencontres d'Arles (formerly called Rencontres internationales de la photographie d'Arles) is an annual summer photography festival founded in 1970 by the Arles photographer Lucien Clergue, the writer Michel Tournier and the historian Jean-Maurice Rouquette.

In 2015, the festival welcomed 93,000 visitors. In 2016, the 100,000 visitor mark was reached. In recent years the Rencontres d'Arles has invited many guest curators and entrusted some of its programming to figures such as Martin Parr in 2004, Raymond Depardon in 2006, the Arles-born fashion designer Christian Lacroix in 2008 and Nan Goldin in 2009.
Kamerun campaign
The Kamerun campaign took place in the German colony of Kamerun in the African theatre of the First World War when the British, French and Belgians invaded the German colony from August 1914 to March 1916. Most of the campaign took place in Kamerun but skirmishes also broke out in British Nigeria. By the Spring of 1916, following Allied victories, the majority of German troops and the civil administration fled to the neighbouring neutral colony of Spanish Guinea (Río Muni). The campaign ended in a defeat for Germany and the partition of its former colony between France and Britain.

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Church of Saint Michael and Saint Fedor
The Church of Saint Michael and Saint Fedor (Ukrainian: Церква Михаїла і Федора, romanized: Tserkva Mykhaila i Fedora) is an architectural monument of local importance, the only temple in Ukraine consecrated in honor of Prince Michael of Chernigov and his boyar Fedor in Chernihiv.

Michael of Chernigov
Mikhail Vsevolodovich (c. 1185 – 20 September 1246), known as Michael or Michael of Chernigov, was Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–1239; 1241–1243); he was also Prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), Novgorod-Seversk (1219–1226), Chernigov (1223–1235; 1242–1246), Novgorod (1225–1226; 1229–1230), and Galicia (1235–1236). He was canonized as a saint in the Christian Church.
Szymanów, Sochaczew County
Szymanów (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨˈmanuf]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Teresin, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is situated on the Pisia River, a tributary of the Bzura.

Sochaczew County
Sochaczew County (Polish: powiat sochaczewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Sochaczew, which lies 52 kilometres (32 mi) west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 731.02 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2019, the county's total population is 85,024, out of which the population of Sochaczew is 36,327, and the rural population is 48,697.
Harrington Park, New Jersey
Harrington Park is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,741, an increase of 77 (+1.7%) from the 2010 census count of 4,664, which in turn reflected a decrease of 76 (−1.6%) from the 4,740 counted in the 2000 census.

Harrington Park was formed on March 29, 1904, from portions of Harrington Township and Washington Township, and parts of the borough of Closter.

The name Harrington Park was based on the larger Harrington Township from which it was in part derived, which in turn was based on the Harring family, early settlers to the region.

Washington Township, Bergen County, New Jersey
Washington Township is a township in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 9,285, an increase of 183 (+2.0%) of the 2010 census count of 9,102, reflecting an increase of 164 (+1.8%) from the 8,938 counted in the 2000 census.
Armando Dugand
Armando Dugand (July 23, 1906 – 1971) was a Colombian botanist, geobotanist, and ornithologist.

Dugand's father, François Victor (or Francisco Víctor) Dugand, was a successful French banker; his mother was Reyes Geneco (or Gnecco) Coronado. Dugand was educated in France and in the United States (at Albany Business College). In 1927 he married Sara Roncallo.

In 1940 he co-founded the scientific journal Caldasia. He also founded two other scientific journals: Mutisia (Acta Botanica Colombiana) and Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana).

He was director of the Institute of Natural Sciences of the National University of Colombia from 1940 to 1953.

Dugand is commemorated in the scientific names of two snakes, Trilepida dugandi  and Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
Shelby Newkirk
Shelby Newkirk (born 25 June 1996) is a Canadian Paralympic swimmer who competes in international elite competitions. She is a World Para Swimming Championships medallist and has been selected to compete at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

World Para Swimming Championships
The World Para Swimming Championships, known also as the IPC Swimming World Championships, are the world championships for swimming where athletes with a disability compete. They are organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Previously on a four-year rotation, the championships are now held biennially, a year after the regional championships and year prior to the Paralympic Games.

In November 2016, the IPC (which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including swimming) adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were rebranded as "World Para" championships.
French corvette Berceau (1794)
Berceau was a 22-gun corvette of the French Navy, built to a design by Jacques-Noël Sané, and launched in 1794. The Americans captured her in 1800 but restored her to France the next year. She then served in the Indian Ocean before returning to Spain, where she was broken up in 1804.

Jacques-Noël Sané
Jacques-Noël Sané (French pronunciation: [ʒak nɔɛl sane]; 18 February 1740 – 22 August 1831) was a French shipwright. He was the creator of standardised designs for ships of the line and frigates fielded by the French Navy in the 1780s, which served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars and in some cases remained in service into the 1860s. Several ships designed by him were captured by the Royal Navy, which commissioned and even copied several of them. His achievements led Sané to be nicknamed the "naval Vauban."