hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 has also been designated as CD333 (cluster of differentiation 333). The gene, which is located on chromosome 4, location p16.3, is expressed in tissues such as the cartilage, brain, intestine, and kidneys.

The FGFR3 gene produces various forms of the FGFR-3 protein; the location varies depending on the isoform of FGFR-3. Since the different forms are found within different tissues the protein is responsible for multiple growth factor interactions. Gain of function mutations in FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and underlies achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.
Gjest Baardsen (film)
Gjest Baardsen is a Norwegian film from 1939 written and directed by Tancred Ibsen. Alfred Maurstad played the title role. The film is based on the life of the outlaw Gjest Baardsen, but it is a blend of fact and fiction. The plot is taken from a chapbook published by Holger Sinding under the pseudonym Halle Sira.

The film was shot at the Fuhr farm in Luster Municipality, at Turtagrø in the Sognefjellet mountains in Luster Municipality, and at Videseter in the Strynefjellet mountains in Stryn Municipality.

The film was screened in the United States with English subtitles in the 1940s.

Turtagrø
Turtagrø is a hotel in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies just north of the Hurrungane range in the Jotunheimen mountains. The village of Fortun lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west and the village of Skjolden (at the end of the Sognefjorden) lies about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) to the west. The hotel has been a central meeting place for mountaineers since the late 1800s.
Alvear, Corrientes
Alvear is a town in Corrientes Province, Argentina. It is the capital of the General Alvear Department. It is located at the mouth of the Aguapey River, along the Uruguay River, which separates it from the Brazilian city of Itaqui, with which is closely related. It is accessed via the RN 14 or the General Urquiza railway. It is located roughly 800 km north of Buenos Aires, 250 km south of Posadas and 440 km from Corrientes. According to the 2001 population census conducted by INDEC its population was 7917 inhabitants.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Bicton
Bicton can refer to:

United Kingdom

Bicton, Devon, England
Bicton College
Bicton House, a country house on the campus of Bicton College

Bicton, Herefordshire, England

Bicton, Shrewsbury, Shropshire (a village and parish), England

Bicton, South Shropshire, England

Bicton, Pembrokeshire, Wales

Australia

Bicton, Western Australia
Electoral district of Bicton

Bicton, Shrewsbury
Bicton is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 890, increasing to 1,092 at the 2011 Census.

The village is about three miles north-west of Shrewsbury town centre and includes part of Montford Bridge.

The parish includes the small primary Bicton school, as well as Preston Montford with the Field Centre there.
Bata shoe factory
The Bata shoe factory in East Tilbury is what remains of an industrial estate in Essex, England, which produced shoes for over 70 years. Founded in 1932 by Tomáš Baťa, the factory was "one of the most important planned landscapes in the East of England" in the 20th century. The factory closed in 2005.

Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry.
Ancylometes rufus
Ancylometes rufus is a species from the genus Ancylometes. The species was originally described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1837. It is typically found near water. It has been seen predating on frogs, Dendropsophus melanargyreus  and Ameerega trivittata

Dendropsophus melanargyreus
Dendropsophus melanargyreus is a species of mid-size tree frog in the family Hylidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, and Suriname.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

D. melanargyreus is characterized by having dark blotches on its back, ranging in color from gray and tan to dark yellows and browns. It normally possesses a reddish brown X that descends from the upper eyelids and descends to the lower back. The underside is usually white and pale yellow in coloration with speckled black blotches. It is one of eight species in the Dendropsophus marmoratus group, which are all characterized by warty skin around the lower lip, large vocal sacs, and marbled dorsal patterns.
Benito Sanz y Forés
Benito Sanz y Forés J.C.D. S.T.D. (21 March 1828 – 1 November 1895) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Seville.

Benito Sanz was born in Gandía, Valencia Province. He was educated at the University of Valencia where he studied philosophy and law, obtaining a bachelor's degree in law in 1848; he continued his studies at the Seminary of Valencia where he received a doctorate in canon law in 1853 and in a doctorate in theology in 1857.

University of Valencia
The University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat de València [univeɾsiˈtad de vaˈlensi.a]), shortened to UV, is a public research university in Valencia, Spain. It is one of the oldest universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions.

The university was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are taught in Spanish, however their plan is to increase the number of courses available in Valencian and English as well.

It is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna.

The current chancellor is María Vicenta Mestre Escrivá.
Fulengia
Fulengia is a dubious genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China. The type species, F. youngi, was described by Carroll and Galton in 1977. It is a nomen dubium and may be the same animal as Lufengosaurus (from which it is anagramized). It was originally thought to be a lizard.

Anagram
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into the phrase "nag a ram"; which is an Easter egg suggestion in Google after searching for the word "anagram".

The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an "anagrammatist", and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that reflect or comment on their subject.
Buffelsfontein mine
The Buffelsfontein mine was one of the largest gold mines in South Africa and in the world. The mine is located in the North West Province, south of Stilfontein and south-east of Klerksdorp. The mine had estimated reserves of 11.02 million oz of gold.

Stilfontein
Stilfontein (Afrikaans for quiet spring) is a former mining town which is located on the N12 (National Road) with 17,942 inhabitants, situated between Klerksdorp and Potchefstroom in North West Province of South Africa. It was incorporated into the City of Matlosana and some municipality administration is located in Matlosana (Klerksdorp).
Merkelis Petkevičius
Merkelis Petkevičius (Polish: Melchior Pietkiewicz; c. 1550–1608) was a Reformation (Calvinist) activist in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was a nobleman who worked as a court scribe in Vilnius for almost thirty years. In 1598, he published the first Lithuanian-language Protestant book printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the first Lithuanian Protestant book was printed in Konigsberg in 1547 by Martynas Mažvydas). This book, a bilingual catechism in Polish and Lithuanian, was published in response to the publication of the Roman Catholic catechism of Mikalojus Daukša. However, book's heavy, artificial language with numerous loanwords make it linguistically inferior to Daukša's work.

Martynas Mažvydas
Martynas Mažvydas (1510 – 21 May 1563) was a Protestant author who edited the first printed book in the Lithuanian language.

Variants of his name include Martinus Masvidius, Martinus Maszwidas, M. Mossuids Waytkūnas, Mastwidas, Mažvydas, Mosvidius, Maswidsche, and Mossvid Vaitkuna.
Acarospora fuscata
Acarospora fuscata ("brown cobblestone lichen") is a glossy pale or yellowish-brown areolate lichen with angular areolas that grows up to 10 cm (4 in) wide on non-calcareous rock in low and high elevations.: 217  It grows in Europe and North America. It grows in southern California and on the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada range.: 217  It may grow with the areolas disconnected.: 217  The areolas may lift at the edges, but the areolas do not overlap like true squamules (sub-squamulose).: 217  More common in the Sierras is the similar species Acarospora thamnina, which is truly squamulose with overlapping scales.: 217

It usually has 0-1 apothecium per areole, which may be point-like (punctiform) or fill the entire areole with a disc that is rough surfaced and reddish brown. The asci are club shaped (clavate), with over 100 spores. Lichen spot tests are K−, C+ vaguely pink, KC+ red, and P−.: 217  Secondary metabolites include gyrophoric acid.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
Public image of Barack Obama
Barack Obama, who served as the President of the United States from 2009 to 2017, has elicited a number of public perceptions regarding his personality and background. As the first African-American president of the United States, his race and culture played a prominent role, both positively and negatively.

His relative youth (47 when elected) has alternately resulted in him being praised for his freshness and criticized for his inexperience. His temperament and demeanor have been praised for perceived unflappability, but criticized for a perception of lacking emotional attachment.

Iman Crosson
Iman Crosson, better known by his stage name Alphacat, is an American actor, impressionist, and YouTube personality known for his impersonations of former U.S. President Barack Obama and his starring role in independent film Along the Roadside.
James Catanach
James Catanach (28 November 1921 – 29 March 1944) was an Australian Handley Page Hampden bomber pilot who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. Reportedly the youngest squadron leader bomber pilot in the Royal Australian Air Force at the age of twenty, he took part in the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944 and was one of the men re-captured and murdered by the Gestapo.

RAF Sumburgh
Royal Air Force Sumburgh or more simply RAF Sumburgh is a former Royal Air Force satellite station that was located on the southern tip of the mainland island of the Shetland Islands, and was home to half of No. 404 Squadron RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force). 
At the outbreak of the Second World War the airstrip at the Sumburgh Links was taken over by the Air Ministry. By 1941 there were three operational runways at RAF Sumburgh from which a variety of RAF aircraft operated.
Arrondissement of Vannes
The arrondissement of Vannes is an arrondissement of France in the Morbihan department in the Brittany region. It has 99 communes. Its population is 291,956 (2021), and its area is 2,416.2 km2 (932.9 sq mi).

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
A. H. J. Prins
Adriaan Hendrik Johan Prins (1921 – 11 February 2000) was a Dutch Africanist and maritime anthropologist.

He was a recipient of many research grants and fellowships (UNESCO, Ford Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Pure Research, etc.), Prins was frequently consulted by the Dutch government and royal court, who valued his wealth of knowledge about the peoples and cultures of Africa and the Middle East.

In addition to scores of encyclopedia entries and dozens of scholarly articles in a wide range of international journals such as Anthropos, Man, Human Organization, and The Mariner’s Mirror, Prins regularly published in Dutch newspapers and magazines. Moreover, he illustrated many of his books and articles with his ethnographic photographs, sketches, and pen drawings.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Karl Bornhäuser
Karl Bornhäuser (19 May 1868, in Mannheim – 27 March 1947, in Marburg) was a German New Testament theologian.

He studied theology at the universities of Halle and Greifswald, where he was a student of Hermann Cremer. He worked as a clergyman in Sinsheim (from 1890) and Karlsruhe (from 1892), and as a regional pastor in Rastatt (from 1894). In 1902 he became an associate professor of systematic and practical theology at the University of Greifswald, and from 1907 to 1933, he taught classes as a full professor at the University of Marburg. From 1912 onward, he was a member of the consistory in Kassel.

Systematic theology
Systematic theology, or systematics, is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith. It addresses issues such as what the Bible teaches about certain topics or what is true about God and God's universe. It also builds on biblical disciplines, church history, as well as biblical and historical theology. Systematic theology shares its systematic tasks with other disciplines such as constructive theology, dogmatics, ethics, apologetics, and philosophy of religion.
Necklace (horse)
Necklace (foaled 24 February 2001) is a British, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She had her greatest success as a two-year-old in 2003 when she won two of her four races including the Debutante Stakes and the Moyglare Stud Stakes. In the following year failed to win but did finish third in the Beverly D. Stakes and fourth in the Epsom Oaks before being retired from racing with a record of two wins from nine starts in four different counties. She had very little success as a broodmare, producing only one minor winner.

Debutante Stakes (Ireland)
The Debutante Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
SM UB-52
SM UB-52 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the Pola Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 9 August 1917 as SM UB-52.

She operated as part of the Pola Flotilla based in Cattaro. UB-52 was sunk by torpedo on 23 May 1918 at 41°36′N 18°52′E﻿ / ﻿41.600°N 18.867°E﻿ / 41.600; 18.867 by the British submarine HMS H4 enforcing the Otranto Barrage at the southern end of the Adriatic, with all hands lost.

Otranto Barrage
The Otranto Barrage was an Allied naval blockade of the Strait of Otranto between Brindisi in Italy and Corfu on the Greek side of the Adriatic Sea in the First World War. The operation consisted of over 200 vessels at the height of the blockade. The blockade was intended to prevent the Austro-Hungarian Navy from escaping into the Mediterranean and threatening Allied operations there. The blockade was effective in preventing surface ships from escaping the Adriatic, but it had little or no effect on the submarines based at Cattaro.
Grand Canyon Beersheba
Grand Canyon Beersheba (also known as Grand Mall or Ofer Grand Canyon; Hebrew: גרנד קניון באר שבע) is a shopping center located on Road 25 in Beersheba, Israel. Opened on May 23, 2013, it occupies the site formerly home to the historic Neot Midbar Hotel. The center is part of the Ofer Group of shopping centers, owned by the Melisron Group.

The shopping center spans approximately 160,000 square meters, with 50,000 square meters allocated for commercial space, hosting around 250 stores. It is considered the largest in Israel by interior size, stretching roughly 273 meters in length. The design was executed by the architectural firm MYS Architects. It offers a diverse array of stores, including outlets for clothing, sportswear, dining, cafes, and a market. its top floor features a fast-food center, a video arcade, and a gym.

Israeli new shekel
The new Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ, romanized: sheqel ẖadash, pronounced [ˈʃekel χaˈdaʃ] ⓘ; Arabic: شيكل جديد, romanized: šēkal jadīd; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; unofficial abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שקל ישראלי, romanized: sheqel yisreʾeli; Arabic: شيكل إسرائيلي, romanized: šēkal ʾisrāʾīlī), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a de facto legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.

The currency sign for the new shekel ⟨ ₪ ⟩ is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש‎) and ẖadash (ח‎) (new). When the shekel sign is unavailable the abbreviation NIS (ש״ח and ش.ج) is used.
Schroda, South Africa
Schroda is an archaeological site located on the Limpopo River in northern South Africa. Starting in approximately 900 CE it was settled by the Zhizo people and like became the regional capital. The Zhizo made elaborate pottery with diverse styles, for which they were named after. Figurines were used as props in school lessons. They traded ivory, gold, rhino skins, leopard skins, and iron to coastal cities such as Chibuene in exchange for glass beads, cotton and silk cloths, and glazed ceramics.: 10-4

Chibuene
Chibuene is a Mozambican archaeological site, located five kilometres south of the coastal city of Vilanculos South Beach. The site was occupied during two distinct phases. The earlier phase of occupation dates to the late first millennium AD. The second phase dates from around 1450 and is contemporaneous with the Great Zimbabwe civilization in the African interior. During both phases of its development Chibuene was a trading settlement. Trade goods obtained from the site include glass beads, painted blue and white ceramics, and glass bottle fragments. The later phase of settlement has yielded remains of medieval structures as well as evidence of metallurgy. Crucibles have been found that were presumably used to melt gold obtained from trade with the Great Zimbabwe civilization. There is evidence that Chibuene traded extensively with the inland settlement of Manyikeni. Mozambique has jointly inscribed these two properties on their tentative version of the World Heritage List.
Gujarat Pollution Control Board
Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) is Gujarat state board. It was constituted the on 15 October 1974 by the Government of Gujarat with a view to protect the environment, prevent and control the pollution of water in Gujarat, that occupies a prominent niche in progressive and industrial development of the country. The Board has been over the years entrusted with the Central Acts and relevant Rules for pollution control as notified thereof from time to time.

GPCB has its Head Office in Gandhinagar, Gujarat and 27 Regional Offices in cities such as Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Godhra, Jamnagar, Mehsana, Rajkot, Surat, Vadodara and Vapi.

Vadodara
Vadodara (Gujarati: [ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯] ⓘ), also known as Baroda, is a city on the banks of the Vishwamitri River in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district. The city is named for its abundance of banyan (vad) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari (transl. 'Cultural City') and Kala Nagari (transl. 'City of Art') of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace, which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.