hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miloš Božanović
Miloš Božanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Божановић; 10 March 1863 – 14 January 1922) was a Serbian military commander and Minister of Defence.

He served during the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the Balkan Wars and during the Serbian Campaign (part of the larger Balkans Campaign) during World War I.

Serbo-Bulgarian War
The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War (Bulgarian: Сръбско-българска война, Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna, Serbian: Српско-бугарски рат, Srpsko-bugarski rat),  a war between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Bulgaria, erupted on 14 November [O.S. 2 November] 1885 and lasted until 28 November [O.S. 16 November] 1885. Despite Bulgaria's status as a  vassal of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans did not intervene in the war. Serbia initiated the fighting but suffered a decisive defeat. Austria-Hungary demanded that Bulgaria stop its invasion, and a truce resulted.

The final peace was signed on 3 March [O.S. 19 February] 1886 in Bucharest. The existing boundaries did not change. As a result of the war, European powers acknowledged the act of Unification of Bulgaria which had happened on 18 September [O.S. 6 September] 1885.
Betania, Antioquia
Betania (pronounced: Bai-TAHN-ee-uh) is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the subregion of Southwestern Antioquia, with a population of 9,286 people, according to the 2015 census. It is located 33 mi/53 km SW of Medellín. The main industries include coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and livestock.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
Myebon Township
Myebon Township (Burmese: မြေပုံမြို့နယ်) is a township of Mrauk-U District in the Rakhine State of Burma (Myanmar). The principal town is Myebon. In late October 2010, much of the township was devastated by Cyclone Giri. Some villages of the township were destroyed by the storm and thousands of people were left homeless.

Rakhine State
Rakhine State (/rəˈkaɪn/ ⓘ rə-KYN; Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်, MLCTS: ra.hkuing pranynai, pronounced [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]; Rakhine pronunciation: [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè]), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab).

As of November 2025, the Arakan Army which is the armed wing of the ethnic Rakhine, maintains de facto control over approximately 90 percent of the state, including 14 of its 17 townships.
Norman Aviation
Norman Aviation is a Canadian aircraft manufacturer originally based in Lévis, Quebec and now in Saint-Anselme, Quebec. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of steel tube and wood ultralight aircraft on a custom basis.

The company was founded by and is currently owned by Jacques Norman, to produce his designs and those of other designers. All his aircraft utilize 4130 steel tube fuselage construction and wooden wings, with the whole aircraft covered in doped aircraft fabric.

Aircraft fabric covering
Aircraft fabric covering is a term used for both the material used and the process of covering aircraft open structures. It is also used for reinforcing closed plywood structures. The de Havilland Mosquito is an example of this technique, as are the pioneering all-wood monocoque fuselages of certain World War I German aircraft like the LFG Roland C.II in its wrapped Wickelrumpf plywood strip and fabric covering.

Early aircraft used organic materials such as cotton and cellulose nitrate dope; modern fabric-covered designs usually use synthetic materials such as Dacron and butyrate dope for adhesive. Modern methods are often used in the restoration of older types that were originally covered using traditional methods.
John Scott Redd
John Scott Redd (born September 10, 1944) is a retired vice admiral of the United States Navy, and afterward the first Senate-confirmed Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, serving from 2005 until 2007. According to David Martin at the CBS Evening News, "Scott Redd may be the most important person you've never heard of."  J.J. Green at Federal News Radio referred to Redd as "the man that I often call "E.F. Hutton". He is also the past President of the Naval Academy Class of 1966 and has served on the advisory boards of several non-profit organizations. An avid amateur radio operator, Redd has won twelve world championships and nine national championships.

David Martin (journalist)
David C. Martin (born July 28, 1943) is an American television news correspondent, journalist and author who works for CBS News.  He has been the network's National Security Correspondent reporting from The Pentagon since 1993. Martin has contributed reports to the CBS Evening News, CBS Sunday Morning, 60 Minutes, and 48 Hours.
WGS-11
Wideband Global SATCOM 11 (WGS 11) is a United States military communications satellite to be operated by the United States Space Force as part of the Wideband Global SATCOM Program. Scheduled for launch in 2026 by a Vulcan Centaur rocket into geostationary orbit, it will be the eleventh WGS satellite. WGS 11 was originally acquired by the United States Air Force.

Defense Satellite Communications System
The Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) is a United States Space Force satellite constellation that provides the United States with military communications to support globally distributed military users. Beginning in 2007, DSCS began being replaced by the Wideband Global SATCOM system. A total of 14 DSCS-III satellites were launched between the early 1980s and 2003. Two satellites were launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 during the STS-51-J flight. As of 14 September 2021, six DSCS-III satellites were still operational. DSCS operations are currently run by the 4th Space Operations Squadron out of Schriever Space Force Base.
Fourgeaud
Fourgeaud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Julien Fourgeaud (1980–2014), French entrepreneur, ex-Rovio's digital services product strategist and co-founder of Scarlet Motors

Victor Fourgeaud (1815–1875), American doctor and legislator

Victor Fourgeaud
Victor Fourgeaud (c. 1815 - 1875) was a San Francisco medical doctor and legislator. He is known for his work on epidemic of diphtheria in California. Fourgeaud made use of acid for treatment of diphtheria, which was probably ineffective.
Australia–Peru relations
Australia–Peru relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Republic of Peru. Both nations are members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Cairns Group, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, World Trade Organization and the United Nations.

Cairns Group
The Cairns Group (Cairns Group of Fair Trading Nations) is an interest group of 20 agricultural exporting countries, composed of:
Argentina, 
Australia, 
Brazil, 
Canada, 
Chile, 
Colombia, 
Costa Rica, 
Guatemala, 
Indonesia, 
Malaysia, 
New Zealand, 
Pakistan, 
Paraguay, 
Peru,
Philippines, 
South Africa, 
Thailand, 
Ukraine, 
Uruguay, and 
Vietnam.

The Cairns Group seeks to liberalize global trade in agricultural produce. In particular, its members aim to abolish export subsidies and trade-distorting ("amber box") domestic support for agricultural products and seek to improve market access for agricultural exports. The coalition attempts to present a common front in multilateral trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO), tabling joint proposals and occasionally working with like-minded groups such as the G20 group of developing nations.
Andréa W. Richa
Andréa Werneck Richa is a Brazilian-American computer scientist known for her research in distributed computing, self-organizing particle systems, network routing and replication, and bio-inspired computing. She is a President's Professor of computer science and engineering at Arizona State University.

Bio-inspired computing
Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Bio-inspired computing is a major subset of natural computation.
Llywarch Llaety
Llywarch Llaety (fl. c. 1140–1160) was a Welsh-language court poet.

A single poem by Llywarch survives, the earliest text of which is found in the Hendregadredd manuscript, in praise of Llywelyn ap Madog, son and heir of prince Madog ap Maredudd of Powys.

It is possible that Llywarch Llaety is the same person as the poet Llywarch y Nam who also composed a poem in honour of Llywelyn ap Madog.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
Mojo (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album)
Mojo is the twelfth studio album by American rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, released on June 15, 2010, on CD and June 29 on Blu-ray. It was Petty's first album with the Heartbreakers in eight years. Mojo debuted at No. 2 on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling 125,000 copies in its first week of release. The album was also the band's first full album with bassist Ron Blair since 1981's Hard Promises, as he played on only two tracks on the previous Heartbreakers album, The Last DJ.

The album was reissued in 2023 as the "Extra Mojo Version" on vinyl LP and also digitally with three bonus tracks. The digital edition of the reissued album included an unreleased cover of Sonny Boy Williamson's song "Help Me" which was issued as a single on October 6, 2023.

Sonny Boy Williamson II
Alex or Aleck Miller (originally Ford, possibly December 5, 1912 – May 24, 1965), known later in his career as Sonny Boy Williamson, was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He was an early and influential blues harp stylist who recorded successfully in the 1950s and 1960s. Miller used various names, including Rice Miller and Little Boy Blue, before calling himself Sonny Boy Williamson, which was also the name of a popular Chicago blues singer and harmonica player. To distinguish the two, Miller has been referred to as Sonny Boy Williamson II.

He first recorded with Elmore James on "Dust My Broom". Some of his popular songs include "Don't Start Me Talkin'", "Help Me", "Checkin' Up on My Baby", and "Bring It On Home".  He toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival and recorded with English rock musicians, including the Yardbirds and Animals. "Help Me" became a blues standard, and many blues and rock artists have recorded his songs.
Luis Omar Hernández
Luis Omar Hernández Hernández (born 8 November 1985 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican former professional footballer who last played for Deportivo Chiantla as a defender.
He made his debut on July 30, 2005 in a match against Toluca, a game which resulted in a 0–0 tie for Necaxa.  After obtaining the championship with Necaxa in the Mexico Liga de Ascenso (2nd tier league), Hernandez was placed on the transferable list and was loaned out to San Luis F.C. for the upcoming Torneo Apertura 2010 in Mexico.

Deportivo Toluca F.C.
Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club S.A. de C.V., simplified as Toluca FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Toluca, State of Mexico. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Nemesio Díez. Founded in 1917 as Club Deportivo Toluca, it is one of seven Mexican clubs that have never been relegated.

Domestically, Toluca FC is one of the most successful Mexican clubs, winning 12 Liga MX titles, two Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones. Internationally, it has won two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles and also finished as runners-up in the 1969 Copa Interamericana. Subregionally, it has won one Campeones Cup.

The club's top goalscorer is José Saturnino Cardozo, who played from 1995 to 2005 and scored 249 goals in 332 appearances.
Davisson–Germer experiment
The Davisson–Germer experiment was conducted from 1923 to 1927 by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs). Electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern. This confirmed the hypothesis, advanced by Louis de Broglie in 1924, of wave-particle duality, and also the wave mechanics approach of the Schrödinger equation. It was an experimental milestone in the development of quantum mechanics.: 122–5

Clinton Davisson
Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958) was an American experimental physicist who shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics with George Paget Thomson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals."
Excélsior F.C.
Excélsior F.C., full name Excélsior Futbol Club, was a professional soccer team that played in Santa Ana, El Salvador.

Excélsior competed in the national sports week soccer tournament that the Salvadoran Sports Commission held at that time.

Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
Bair Hugger
The Bair Hugger system is a convective temperature management system used in a hospital or surgery center to maintain a patient's core body temperature. The Bair Hugger system consists of a reusable warming unit and single-use disposable warming blankets for use before, during and after surgery. This medical device launched in 1987 and is currently manufactured by the 3M Company.

Temperature control
Temperature control is a process in which change of temperature of a space (and objects collectively there within), or of a substance, is measured or otherwise detected, and the passage of heat energy into or out of the space or substance is adjusted to achieve a desired temperature.
Kinetics (physics)
In physics and engineering, kinetics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the relationship between motion and its causes, specifically, forces and torques. Since the mid-20th century, the term dynamics (or analytical dynamics) has largely superseded kinetics in physics textbooks, though the term is still used in engineering.

In plasma physics, kinetics refers to the study of continua in velocity space.  This is usually in the context of non-thermal (non-Maxwellian) velocity distributions, or processes that perturb thermal distributions. These "kinetic plasmas" cannot be adequately described with fluid equations.

The term kinetics is also used to refer to chemical kinetics, particularly in chemical physics and physical chemistry. In such uses, a qualifier is often used or implied, for example: "physical kinetics", "crystal growth kinetics", and so on.

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler, known system. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known (e.g. the time-independent Schrödinger equation: ) and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian () representing a weak disturbance to the known system to the original Hamiltonian () of the known system (i.e. ). If the disturbance is small, the new energy levels and eigenstates of the perturbed system can be expressed as "corrections" to the known energy levels and eigenstates of the simpler system. These corrections can be made at progressively smaller orders of magnitude until an n-th order that is so small a correction that it is negligible to the accuracy of the approximation.
Belonolaimus longicaudatus
Belonolaimus longicaudatus (Sting nematode) is a common parasite of grasses and other plant crops and products. It is the most destructive nematode pest of turf grass, and it also attacks a wide range of fruit, vegetable, and fiber crops such as citrus, cotton, ornamentals, and forage. The sting nematode is a migratory ectoparasite of roots. It is well established in many golf courses and presents a problem in turf management. The sting nematode is only present in very sandy soils. It cannot reproduce in heavier or clay soils.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
How the Test Was Won
"How the Test Was Won" is the eleventh episode of the twentieth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 1, 2009. It was written by Michael Price and directed by Lance Kramer. The episode features cultural references to the television shows The Honeymooners, The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Brady Bunch, and Cheers, and the film Footloose.

Since airing, the episode received mostly mixed reviews from television critics.

The Simpsons season 20
The twentieth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 28, 2008, and May 17, 2009. The season was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The showrunner for the season was Al Jean. With this season, the show tied Gunsmoke as the longest-running American primetime television series in terms of total number of seasons. The season was released on Blu-ray on January 12, 2010, making this the first season to be released on Blu-ray as well as the only one to contain both 16:9 widescreen and high-definition episodes. It was released on DVD in Region 1 on January 12, 2010, and in Region 4 on January 20, 2010. The season was only released on DVD in Region 2 on September 17, 2010, in a few areas.
Cyril Mann
Cyril Mann (28 May 1911 – 7 January 1980) was a British painter and sculptor who added a new dimension to figurative art by exploring the dynamic effects of sunlight in a different way from his predecessors. The artist also completed a number of sculptures, including a commission to carve a family crest for a manor house.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
Emmi Piiroinen
Emmi Piiroinen (born 8 August 2007) is a Finnish rhythmic gymnast who represents Finland internationally. She is a two-time (2023, 2024) Finnish National all-around champion and the 2025 all-around silver medalist.

2025 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 2025 FIG World Cup circuit in Rhythmic Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Gymnastics Federation.

The winners in the all-around at the World Cup series were Taisiia Onofriichuk and the group of China. Onofriichuk also won in hoop and ribbon, and Darja Varfolomeev won in ball and clubs. The group of China also won in the 5-ribbon, 3-ball, and 2-hoop events.
Claudia Fleming
Claudia Fleming (born 1958 or 1959) is an American dessert chef. She grew up in Long Island, New York, and initially pursued ballet. She instead became a professional dessert chef, releasing a book entitled The Last Course. The book attained a cult following, as well as critical praise. She has been featured on Beat Bobby Flay, Chopped, Barefoot Contessa,  and Top Chef: Just Desserts.

Barefoot Contessa
Barefoot Contessa is an American cooking show that aired from November 30, 2002 to December 19, 2021, on Food Network, and is currently the oldest show on the network's daytime schedule. Hosted by celebrity chef Ina Garten, each episode features Garten assembling dishes of varying complexity. Though her specialty is French cuisine, she occasionally prepares American, Asian, British, or Italian foods.  Her show also gives tips on decorating and entertaining.

The show's title, which comes from the Italian word for countess, was originally used by Garten in her best-selling cookbook, The Barefoot Contessa Cookbook (1999). The cookbook was in turn named after Garten's specialty food store, which she bought already named in 1978. The store, which is no longer in operation, opened in 1975 and was named after the 1954 film of the same name. Garten sold the store to the employees prior to its closure.