hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
"The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences" was the title of the 1959 Richard Courant Lecture in Mathematical Sciences, delivered at New York University by the physicist Eugene Wigner, and published in Communication in Pure and Applied Mathematics in 1960. In it, Wigner observes that pure mathematical concepts that have been developed and studied independently of physics, often so mathematicians can show their “ingenuity and sense of formal beauty”, nevertheless often find applications in physics. The mathematical structure of theoretical physics often points the way to further advances in that theory and has empirical predictive power in describing nature. Albert Einstein and the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead had previously thought that the success of abstract mathematics in physical science was a mystery that required explanation, but Wigner's lecture became the classic statement of the problem.

Richard Courant
Richard Courant (January 8, 1888 – January 27, 1972) was a German-American mathematician. He is best known by the general public for the book What is Mathematics?, co-written with Herbert Robbins. His research focused on the areas of real analysis, mathematical physics, the calculus of variations and partial differential equations. He wrote textbooks widely used by generations of students of physics and mathematics. He is also known for founding the institute now bearing his name.
Battle of Sidi Bou Othman
31°54′12″N 7°56′32″W﻿ / ﻿31.9033°N 7.94222°W﻿ / 31.9033; -7.94222

The Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (6 September 1912) was an important battle fought at Sidi Bou Othman, some 40 kilometers north of Marrakesh, during the French conquest of Morocco.  It saw the victory of a French column under Colonel Charles Mangin over the forces of the south Moroccan leader Ahmed al-Hiba in September 1912. As a result of the victory, the French captured the city of Marrakesh and annexed southern Morocco into the French protectorate of Morocco. The conquest was facilitated by the defection of the great qaids of the south, notably the El Glaoui brothers.

Tadla
Tadla is a historical and geographical region of Morocco, located in the center of the country, north of the High Atlas mountain range and west of the Middle Atlas. It is the region of origin of the eponymous collection of tribal, semi-nomadic pastoralist population, the Tadla tribes.

Nowadays, the historical region of Tadla is mainly part of the administrative region of Béni Mellal-Khénifra, except for the historical territory of the Beni Meskine tribe, which is part of the Casablanca-Settat administrative region.
KARJ (FM)
KARJ (92.1 MHz) is an FM radio station serving the North County of San Diego County, California, United States, airing a Worship music format from the Air1 network, and is owned by the Educational Media Foundation.

KARJ's transmitter and antenna are located at 33°6′39″N 117°9′13″W﻿ / ﻿33.11083°N 117.15361°W﻿ / 33.11083; -117.15361 in Escondido, California near Frank's Peak on Mount Whitney. The station broadcasts with 580 watts of effective radiated power (ERP).

Mount Whitney
Mount Whitney (Paiute: Tumanguya) is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, and the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It lies in East–Central California on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, and 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of North America's lowest topographic point, Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The mountain's west slope is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail, which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The eastern slopes are in Inyo National Forest in Inyo County. Mount Whitney is ranked 18th by topographic isolation and 81st by prominence on Earth.
Nordenstadt Memorial
The Nordenstadt Memorial (Gedenkstätte Nordenstadt) is a memorial to the Nordenstadt Jews murdered in the Holocaust. It was inaugurated in 1994 in front of the former town hall. This is the place from which the deportation of the Jews from Nordenstadt took place. On the green space on the corner of Heerstraße and Stolberger Strasse, the artist Marc van den Broek designed 15 metal steles of different heights. 14 of these carry the handwritten names of the victims of the Holocaust on a brass plate. One of the stele bears the inscription: "Am 10. Juni und am 28. August 1942 wurden die Nordenstadter Juden von hier in die Vernichtungslager deportiert. Wehret den Anfängen!" ("On 10 June and on 28 August 1942, the Jews from Nordenstadt were deported from here to the extermination camps. Resist the beginnings!")

Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt
Nordenstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʁdn̩ʃtat]) is one of Wiesbaden's eastern suburbs, and was incorporated into the city of Wiesbaden on 1 January 1977.  Its population is 7,829 (2020). It hosted the first corporate headquarters of Daewoo Germany in the early 1990s.
Obselidia
Obselidia is a 2010 American road drama film written and directed by Diane Bell in her directorial debut. It stars Michael Piccirilli, Gaynor Howe, and Frank Hoyt Taylor. It tells the story of a lonely librarian who believes love is obsolete until a road trip to Death Valley with a beguiling cinema projectionist teaches him otherwise.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2010, where it was awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Prize and the Excellence in Cinematography Award. It was then self-distributed, and received positive reviews from critics. At the 26th Independent Spirit Awards, it was nominated for Best First Screenplay (for Bell) and the John Cassavetes Award.

Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award
The Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award is presented to the creative team of a film budgeted at less than $1,000,000 by the Film Independent, a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers. It is named after actor/screenwriter/director John Cassavetes, a pioneer of American independent film. The award is given to the directors, writers and producers of a film.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) is an Indian chemical substance manufacturing company, promoted by the Government of Gujarat. Its manufacturing facilities are located at Dahej and Vadodara in Gujarat. The company manufactures chemicals such as caustic soda, sodium cyanide, chloromethanes, sodium ferrocyanide, caustic potash, potassium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid (85%) and hydrogen peroxide.

Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Microsoft Silverlight version history
Microsoft Silverlight is an application framework for writing and running rich web applications that was actively developed and marketed by Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. This is a technical overview of the platform's history.

Managed code
Managed code is computer program code that requires and will execute only under the management of a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI); Virtual Execution System (VES); virtual machine, e.g. .NET, CoreFX, or .NET Framework; Common Language Runtime (CLR); or Mono. The term was coined by Microsoft.

Managed code is the compiler output of source code written in one of over twenty high-level programming languages, including C#, J# and Visual Basic .NET.
Kheer
Kheer, khir, payesh, fenni or payasam is a pudding or porridge (specifically rice pudding) popular in the Indian subcontinent, usually made by boiling milk, sugar or jaggery, and rice. It can be additionally flavoured with dried fruits, nuts, cardamom and saffron. Instead of rice, it may contain cracked wheat, vermicelli (sevai), sago or tapioca (sabudana).

In Northern India, it is made in various ways. The most popular versions are the ones made with rice and vermicelli (semiya). In Nepal, it tends to be thicker and uses fewer ingredients.

Vermicelli
Vermicelli (/ˌvɜːrmɪˈtʃɛli, -ˈsɛli/, UK: /ˌvɛərmɪˈtʃɛli/; Italian: [vermiˈtʃɛlli]) is a type of pasta that is round in section, similar to spaghetti. In English-speaking regions, it is usually thinner than spaghetti, while in Italy it is thicker. It is typically made with semolina.
Martin Erlić
Martin Erlić (Croatian pronunciation: [mǎrtin êːrlitɕ]; born 24 January 1998) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for the Danish club Midtjylland and the Croatia national team.

US Sassuolo Calcio
Unione Sportiva Sassuolo Calcio, commonly known as Sassuolo (Italian pronunciation: [sasˈswɔːlo]), is a professional football club based in Sassuolo, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The team's colours are black and green, which have earned them the nickname Neroverdi ("black and greens"). Sassuolo competes in Serie A, the highest division in the Italian football league system.

The club made its debut in Serie A during the 2013–14 season, becoming one of the few teams to compete in the top division without representing a provincial capital. Sassuolo remained in Serie A until the 2023–24 season, when they were relegated to Serie B. They returned to the top flight after one season.
Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Engineering College
Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Engineering College is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school located in Skelmersdale in the English county of Lancashire.

It is a voluntary aided school administered by Lancashire County Council and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool. The school is currently designated as a specialist Engineering College.

Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Engineering College offers GCSEs as programmes of study for pupils. The school also offers some vocational courses in conjunction with Myerscough College and West Lancashire College.

Voluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school (VA school) is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust (usually a religious organisation) contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school. In most cases the foundation or trust owns the buildings. 
Such schools have more autonomy than voluntary controlled schools, which are entirely funded by the state. In some circumstances local authorities can help the governing body in buying a site, or can provide a site or building free of charge.

Originally the term is derived from the funding of the schools through voluntary subscriptions and contributions. Although it is also the case that these are schools previously independent of local or national government that volunteered to be aided by the state.

Hong Kong's education system also has aided (Chinese: 資助) schools.
Punk the Vote!
Punk the Vote! (in French Punk le vote!) is a 73-minute 2006 Canadian documentary about the Canadian elections, and a hilarious and at the same time a critical take on Canadian politics punk-rock style, when two punks decide to run as independent candidates for the Canadian elections. The film is directed by Eric "Roach" Denis of EyeSteelFilm, a Montreal-based documentary production company. It was produced by EyeSteelFilm in association with Canal D Canadian specialty channel specializing in documentaries.

The film was shown in 2006 at the Festival du Nouveau Cinéma in Montreal and in 2007 at Les Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois in Québec City and Montréal

Festival du nouveau cinéma
The Festival du nouveau cinéma or FNC (transl. "Festival of New Cinema") is an annual independent film festival held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, featuring independent films from around the world. Founded in 1971, it is the oldest film festival in Canada.

Although the festival screens a variety of films by both new and established filmmakers, its core programs are the national and international competitions, which present a variety of awards for both feature and short films by emerging Canadian and international directors.

The festival is currently led by Zoé Protat as artistic director, and Ariane Bélanger as administrative director.
Fort Barrett
Fort Barrett was a temporary earthwork built by the United States Army's California Column in 1862 during the American Civil War. It was located in the Pima Villages two miles from the Gila River nearby Casa Blanca, New Mexico Territory and was built around the mill of settler Ammi M. White to protect it and provide a safe location to gather food and forage from the Pima people for the advance on Tucson. The fort was named after Lieutenant James Barrett who was killed in the Battle of Picacho Peak. Following the capture of Tucson in May the construction of the post ceased, and was abandoned, except as a post for vedettes and express riders.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Darren Troy
Darren Troy (born 28 February 1964) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

Troy, a utility, came to Geelong from Kerang. An Under-19s player initially, he broke into the seniors for the first time in the final round of the 1983 VFL season, against Hawthorn at Kardinia Park.

After not making a VFL appearance in 1984, Troy left Geelong for South Adelaide, where he played in 1985 and 1986. He won their best and fairest award in 1986.

In 1987, Troy returned to Geelong and this time was able to establish a place in the team, with 18 games that year. He made another 15 appearances in 1988, then six in 1989 and another six in 1990.

Troy went back to South Adelaide in 1991. He captain-coached Geelong Football League side Leopold in 1993 and 1994. From 1995 to 1997, Troy was captain of Newtown & Chilwell, in the same league.

Kardinia Park (stadium)
Kardinia Park (also known as GMHBA Stadium due to naming rights) is a sporting and entertainment venue located within Kardinia Park, South Geelong, in the Australian state of Victoria. The stadium, owned and operated by the Kardinia Park Stadium Trust, is the home ground of the Geelong Football Club, an Australian rules football club competing in the Australian Football League (AFL).It is also a secondary home ground for the Melbourne Renagades, who play two games there every BBL season. Kardinia Park can accommodate 40,000 spectators, making it the largest-capacity Australian stadium in a regional city, and the third largest-capacity stadium in Victoria behind the Melbourne Cricket Ground (100,024) and Docklands Stadium (56,347).
Doune railway station
Doune was a railway station located in Doune, in the council area of Stirling, Scotland.

The station was rebuilt in typical Caledonian Railway style in the early 1900s after the completion of the Callander and Oban Railway in 1880. It closed on 1 November 1965 and was demolished around 1968. The site was used by a timber merchant for many years. In the late 1990s a private housing estate was built on the station site. Although little or no trace of the station remains, the station house still stands at the entrance to the housing development.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
WOFM (FM)
WOFM (89.1 MHz) is a non-commercial, non-profit Christian FM radio station in the Knoxville, Tennessee area owned by Educational Media Foundation.

WYLV began in February 1993 broadcasting on 89.1 FM with programming from the Morning Star network. In September 1999, the station changed to a local format with onsite staff and DJs.

In 2016, WOFM had the 6th most social media activity in Knoxville. It was one of the radio stations which took up 6 out of 10 spots in the Knoxville social media rankings for that year, and made the most social media posts of those stations.

On January 1, 2011, WOEZ became an affiliate of the Air 1 network after being sold to Educational Media Foundation. Later in January, the WYLV call letters were moved to the 88.3 frequency, as an affiliate of the K-LOVE network. At that time, Air1 moved to WOFM, which had been WYLV.

K-Love
K-Love (stylized as K-LOVE) is an American Christian radio network. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry. It primarily broadcasts contemporary Christian music.

As of June 2019, the network's programming is aired over 520 FM stations and translators in 48 U.S. states, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. As of 2018, K-Love and its sister network Air1 reportedly had a weekly cumulative audience of about 20 million listeners.
2023–24 South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball team
The 2023–24 South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball team represented South Carolina State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by second-year head coach Erik Martin, played their home games at SHM Memorial Center in Orangeburg, South Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 14–18, 9–5 in MEAC play to finish in a three-way tie for second place. As the No. 3 seed in the MEAC tournament, they lost to Delaware State in the quarterfinals.

2024 MEAC men's basketball tournament
The 2024 MEAC men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2023–24 season in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). The tournament took place during March 13–16, 2024. The tournament winner, Howard, received the conference's automatic invitation to the 2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.
Hiroshi Kimura
Hiroshi Kimura (木村宏, Kimura Hiroshi) is a former chairman of Japan Tobacco, a Nikkei 225 company.

In 1976, Kimura started working for the Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Corporation (current name 'Japan Tobacco'). He became the president for this company on June 23, 2006. Mitsuomi Koizumi became the president of this company in June 2012, and became chairman.

Nikkei 225
The Nikkei 225, or the Nikkei Stock Average (Japanese: 日経平均株価, Hepburn: Nikkei heikin kabuka), more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index (/ˈnɪkeɪ, ˈniː-, nɪˈkeɪ/), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE).  It is a price-weighted index, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed twice a year. The Nikkei 225 measures the performance of 225 highly capitalised and liquid publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds. It was originally launched by the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950, and was taken over by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) newspaper in 1970, when the Tokyo Exchange switched to the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX), which is weighed by market capitalisation rather than stock prices.
Looney Tunes (video game)
Looney Tunes is a platform video game developed and published by Sunsoft released for Game Boy in 1992. The game was re-released for Game Boy Color seven years later.

It features Daffy Duck, Tweety, Porky Pig, Taz, Speedy Gonzales, Road Runner and Bugs Bunny as playable characters. Other Looney Tunes characters include Elmer Fudd, Marvin the Martian, Wile E. Coyote and Sylvester.

Sylvester the Cat
Sylvester J. Pussycat Sr. is a cartoon character, an anthropomorphic cat in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Most of his appearances have him often chasing Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, or Hippety Hopper. He appeared in 103 cartoons in the golden age of American animation, lagging only behind superstars Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, and Daffy Duck. Three of his cartoons won Academy Awards, the most for any starring a Looney Tunes character: they are Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales, and Birds Anonymous.
Matt Conn
Matt Conn (born 1987 in San Francisco, California) is the founder and former CEO of MidBoss. He is known for the creation of GaymerX, the cyberpunk story adventure game Read Only Memories, and producing the LGBTQ video game documentary Gaming In Color.

He is also a founding member at BandPage, which was acquired by YouTube in 2016 and for winning the Travel Channel television program America's Worst Driver.

On March 26, 2018, Conn stepped down from the board of GaymerX and as CEO of MidBoss after allegations of sexual misconduct, underpaying workers, and workplace harassment.

Gaming in Color
Gaming In Color is a documentary film by MidBoss about queer people in gaming. Directed by Philip Jones, Gaming In Color focuses on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues in video games, gaymer culture and events, and the rise of queer themes in gaming. The film is largely interview based, and features notable gay gaming personalities in the industry and communities.

George Skleres from Riot Games and Colleen Macklin star in the film, both of whom appeared at the GaymerX convention, a prominent topic.
Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2008–09
The Indian cricket team toured New Zealand from 25 February to 7 April 2009, playing a Test match series with New Zealand for the first time in five years. The tour included three Tests, five ODIs and two T20Is. New Zealand won both the T20Is.
India won both the ODI series 3–1 and Test series 1–0.

Jesse Ryder
Jesse Daniel Ryder (born 6 August 1984) is a former international New Zealand cricketer, who played all forms of the game. He was primarily a middle-order batsman for Tests and an opening batsman in ODIs. Ryder also bowled useful medium-pace.

Ryder previously represented his country in the Under-19 Cricket World Cup of 2002. He played his domestic cricket with Wellington after crossing there from Central Districts in 2004 and was a member of their first-class and List A teams. In 2014 he had a successful county season for Essex County Cricket Club and returned in 2015.