hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Jakob d'Annone
Johann Jakob d'Annone (12 July 1728 – 18 September 1804) was a Swiss educator, scientist and lawyer. He graduated in philosophy and law from the University of Basel in 1752. After initial appointments teaching Roman law, numismatics and natural sciences (especially mineralogy) (1759–60), he was named professor of eloquence in 1766 and professor of law in 1779. D'Annone served as rector of the University of Basel in 1782–83 and 1794–95, and was elected cean of the faculty of law on eight occasions. From 1774 he acted as legal adviser to the City of Basel. He was an authority on antiquities and Roman artefacts. He also assembled important collections of fossils, minerals and coins, and founded a library of some 10,000 volumes.

Antiquities
Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean such as the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt, and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures such as Ancient Persia (Iran).  Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Mesolithic, and other civilizations from Asia and elsewhere may also be covered by the term.  The phenomenon of giving a high value to ancient artifacts is found in other cultures, notably China, where Chinese ritual bronzes, three to two thousand years old, have been avidly collected and imitated for centuries, and the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica, where in particular the artifacts of the earliest Olmec civilization are found reburied in significant sites of later cultures up to the Spanish Conquest.

A person who studies antiquities, as opposed to just collecting them, is often called an antiquarian.
Bow and arrow sign
The bow and arrow sign is an endoscopic sign for determining the location of the ileocecal valve during colonoscopy.  Identifying the ileocecal valve in a colonoscopy is important, as it indicates that the entire colon has been visualized.

The identifiable landmarks in the cecum are the appendiceal orifice—which is a curvilinear indent indicating the location of the appendix from the lumen of the bowel—and the ileocecal valve, which appears as a puckering in the most distal fold of the cecum.

The bow and arrow sign uses the curve of the appendiceal orifice to point toward the direction of the ileocecal valve, as if it were a bow guiding an arrow. The colonoscope can be passed in this direction in order to enter the terminal ileum.  This is used as one of two identifiable landmarks of the colon (the other being the anus), and signifies that the entire colon has been visualized.

Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers called fletchings mounted near the rear, and a slot at the rear end called a nock for engaging the bowstring. A container or bag carrying additional arrows for convenient reloading is called a quiver.

The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a fletcher, and one who makes arrowheads is an arrowsmith.
Reidar Hedman
Lennart Reidar Armas Hedman (17 June 1896 Vanaja – 26 October 1961 in Tullinge, Stockholm County, Sweden) was a Finnish educator, eugenicist and far-right politician. He had a master's degree in philosophy. He had studied genetics at the University of Helsinki under Harry Federley.

Reidar Hedman was the director of the Perttula Education Institute for the Feeble-Minded, the first Finnish-language developmental disability institution founded by his father Edvin Hedman, in 1927–1944. Hedman specialized in eugenics and racial hygiene and supported a comprehensive forced sterilization program for the mentally handicapped. Hedman believed that human intelligence was the basis of all spiritual life and could not be elevated through education, for example.

Tullinge
Tullinge is a suburb of Greater Stockholm, Sweden. It is located in the eastern part of Botkyrka Municipality, on the border to the Flemingsberg part of Huddinge Municipality. It had approximately 20,000 inhabitants in 2011.

Tullinge has become known for the Airforce airfield (F18), now closed down and mostly turned into student apartments.

Tullinge is a part of Stockholm commuter rail, which was built in 1968.
Moya Beaver
Moya Beaver (18 February 1918 – 13 June 2012) was an Australian ballet dancer. In 1936 she played the role of 'Ballerina' in the first Australian performance of Stravinsky's Petrushka at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. She was awarded an MBE in the 1974 Birthday Honours in recognition of her service to the community.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
HMS Indus (1839)
HMS Indus was an 80-gun two-deck second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 16 March 1839 at Portsmouth Dockyard.

The design of Indus was based upon the Danish Christian VII, captured during the Second Battle of Copenhagen. She was originally ordered in 1817 as a 74-gun ship, but the order was amended in 1820 to an 80-gunner.

She was attached to the Mediterranean fleet, and commanded by Captain Houston Stewart until 30 October 1840, when Captain James Stirling took over as captain, serving until June 1844. Captain John Charles Dalrymple Hay had her until 25 November 1856, during which time she served as Rear-Admiral Houston Stewart's flagship, based at Devonport. Captain William King-Hall was her next commander, and she continued to serve as Houston Stewart's flagship, now on the North American and West Indian stations.

In 1860 Indus was converted to serve as a guardship. She was sold out of the service in 1898.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.
Khanqah al-Farafira
The Khânaqâh al-Farafira (Arabic: خانقاه الفرافرة) is a 13th-century Sufi monastery in Aleppo, Syria, located in the al-Farafira quarter of the Ancient City and positioned north to the Citadel of Aleppo .  The khânaqâh was built in 1237 by the efforts of Dayfa Khatun, the regent ruler of Aleppo from 1237 to 1244 and the wife of Az-Zahir Ghazi. At the time of its commission, it was the largest khânaqâh in the city.  The building was a centre for sufis and dervishes. The original name of the building was ar-Ribāt al-Nasiri (Arabic: الرباط الناصري).

Al-Zahir Ghazi
Al-Malik az-Zahir Ghiyath ud-din Ghazi ibn Yusuf ibn Ayyub (commonly known as az-Zahir Ghazi; 1172 – 8 October 1216) was the Kurdish Ayyubid emir of Aleppo between 1186 and 1216. He was the third son of Saladin and his lands included northern Syria and a small part of Mesopotamia.
Bassani Racing
Bassani Racing (previously known as RC3 Bassani and Full Time Bassani) , currently competing as Starrett Bassani, is a Brazilian professional auto racing team based in Itu, São Paulo, currently competing in the F4 Brazilian Championship, having previously competed in the Stock Car Pro Series, F3 Sudamericana, and Formula Renault 2.0.

Originally found in 2002 by Eduardo Bassani, Bassani Racing has competed in Formula 3 Sudamericana and Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil all with race winning success. The teams' first Stock Car Brasil appearance was in 2003. In 2005 team became co-ownership by Brazilian footballer Roberto Carlos as RC3 Bassani. The partnership ran until 2014. From 2017 until 2022 the team became a subsidiary of Full Time Sports and was renamed to Full Time Bassani. In 2023, the team was rebranded to Bassani Racing ahead of its debut in F4 Brazil.

Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil
Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil was a Formula Renault 2.0 racing series based in Brazil. It ran from 2002 to 2006, and was operated by former Formula One driver Pedro Diniz. Several drivers who have raced in Formula One also previously raced in this series, including Nelson Piquet Jr., Lucas di Grassi and Robert Kubica.
Merryall Union Evangelical Society Chapel
The Merryall Union Evangelical Society Chapel (also known as Merryall Union Chapel) is a historic church building on Chapel Hill Road in the Lower Merryall section of New Milford, Connecticut.  Built in 1890, it is the town's best example of Carpenter Gothic architecture.  It is used in the summertime for services by visiting ministers of diverse denominations, and hosts weddings and other private functions.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Richard W. Burgin
Richard Weston Burgin (June 30, 1947 – October 22, 2020) was an American fiction writer, editor, composer, critic, and academic. He published nineteen books, and from 1996 through 2013 was a professor of Communications and English at Saint Louis University. He was also the founder and publisher of the internationally distributed award-winning literary magazine Boulevard.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Cranfield
Cranfield is a village and civil parish in the west of Bedfordshire, England, situated between Bedford and Milton Keynes. It had a population of 4,909 in 2001, increasing to 5,369 at the 2011 census. The parish is in Central Bedfordshire unitary authority. It is best known for being the home of Cranfield University and Cranfield Airport (an airfield).

The hamlet of Bourne End is located just north of Cranfield, and is part of the civil parish. Wharley End was a separate settlement, but now forms the northern part of Cranfield village, by the university.

Bedford
Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 167,446. Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire and seat of the Borough of Bedford local government district.

Bedford was founded at a ford on the River Great Ouse and is thought to have been the burial place of King Offa of Mercia, who is remembered for building Offa's Dyke on the Welsh border. Bedford Castle was built by Henry I, although it was destroyed in 1224. Bedford was granted borough status in 1166 and has been represented in Parliament since 1265. It is known for its large population of Italian descent.
Denis Novato
Denis Novato (born 4 May 1976) is a Slovene musician from Italy, and world champion player of the diatonic accordion. He has been a musician since the late 1980s.

Novato was born in Dolina near Trieste, Italy. From the age of ten he studied for Susanne Zerial. At the international accordion festival in Urbino in 1988 his solo performance won the first prize, and he has later won more than 20 international competitions. Since 1991 he has also teaching, both in Austria and Slovenia. His first recording on cassette was released in 1995 and on CD in 1997. In 1999 he was awarded the title of world champion of the diatonic accordion. He has composed more than 50 original songs. He has toured Russia in 1995, Australia in 1997 and again in 1999, and later also the United States and Canada. In November 2005 he visited the Florida Accordion Association Annual Smash and in March 2006 he visited the Texas Accordion Association Festival.

Urbino
Urbino (UK: /ɜːrˈbiːnoʊ/ ur-BEE-noh, Italian: [urˈbiːno] ⓘ; Romagnol: Urbìn) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482.

The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino. Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana.
Romnalda
Romnalda is a genus of monocotyledonous plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae. (They have also been placed in the Xanthorrhoeaceae.) As of December 2013 four formally named species are known and accepted by botanical science.

The name Romnalda is an anagram of Lomandra, a related though more common genus of hard–leaved lily-like plants. The genus Romnalda differs from Lomandra in growing exclusively in rainforests and having sparsely branched inflorescences with no spines.

Plants have strap-like leaves and grow up to one metre (3 feet) tall often with a trunk and stilt roots reminiscent of a miniature Pandanus.
Species of Romnalda grow naturally in Queensland and Papua New Guinea.

Pandanus
Pandanus is a genus of monocots with about 578 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan, screw palm and screw pine. The genus is classified in the order Pandanales, family Pandanaceae, and is the largest in the family.
Musée du Petit Palais, Avignon
The Musée du Petit Palais (Occitan: Museu dels Pichon Palai) is a museum and art gallery in Avignon, southern France.  It opened in 1976 and has an exceptional collection of  "primitives" and early Renaissance paintings from Italy, which reunites those of the collection of Giampietro Campana deposed by the Musée du Louvre as well as paintings of the Avignon school deposed  by the Musée Calvet. It is housed in a 14th-century building at the north side of the square overlooked by the Palais des Papes. The building, built in the early 14th century as the residence of the bishops of Avignon, was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the historic center of Avignon in 1995.

Sano di Pietro
Sano di Pietro or Ansano di Pietro di Mencio (1405–1481) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school of painting. He was active for about half a century during the Quattrocento period  and his contemporaries included Giovanni di Paolo and Sassetta.
Walter Nicolai
General Walter Nicolai (August 1, 1873 – May 4, 1947) was the first senior IC (intelligence)  officer in the Imperial German Army. He came to run the German military intelligence service, Abteilung IIIb, and became an important pro-war propagandist in  Germany during the First World War of 1914–1918. According to Höhne and Zolling, he helped to found the German Fatherland Party
in 1917.

Intelligence officer
An intelligence officer is a member of the intelligence field employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a "police officer" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers.

Organizations which employ intelligence officers include armed forces, police, and customs agencies.
Miss Arizona
The Miss Arizona competition is the pageant that selects Arizona's representative for the Miss America pageant. Arizona has twice won the Miss America title. The first Miss Arizona, Anna Marie Barnett, was crowned in 1938.

Tiffany Ellington of Scottsdale was crowned Miss Arizona 2025 on June 28, 2025, at the Mesa Arts Center in Mesa, Arizona. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.

Miss America 2026
Miss America 2026 was the 98th Miss America pageant, held inside the Walt Disney Theater, located at the Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida, alongside the Miss America's Teen 2026 competition on September 6 and 7, 2025, respectively. This was the first time since 2018 that it returned to its traditional September schedule.

Abbie Stockard of Alabama crowned Cassie Donegan of New York as her successor at the end of the event.
Fuck Yo Feelings
Fuck Yo Feelings is a mixtape by American musician Robert Glasper. It was released on October 3, 2019 through Loma Vista Recordings, his first one with that music label. Recording sessions took place at Henson Recording Studios in Los Angeles, at Sound Inn Studio in Tokyo, and at More Than Enough Studios. Production was handled by Glasper himself, with co-producers Chris Dave, Derrick Hodge and Curtis Jews. It features guest appearances from Affion Crockett, Andra Day, Baby Rose, Bilal, Bridget Kelly, Buddy, Denzel Curry, Herbie Hancock, James Poyser, Mick Jenkins, Mos Def, Muhsinah, Queen Sheba, Rapsody, SiR, Song Bird, Staceyann Chin, Terrace Martin, YBN Cordae and Yebba.

The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, but lost to Thundercat's It Is What It Is.

Sir (singer)
Sir Darryl Andrew Farris (born November 5, 1986), known mononymously as Sir (stylized as SiR), is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in Inglewood, California, he released his debut album Seven Sundays (2015), via indie label Fresh Selects. He would go on to secure a record deal with Carson-based indie label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE), where he released his second album November (2018). His third album, Chasing Summer (2019), was also issued by TDE, in conjunction with major-label RCA Records.
Bexleyheath railway station
Bexleyheath railway station is in the London Borough of Bexley in southeast London, and is in London fare zone 5. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Southeastern. There are ticket barriers at both entrances.

It is located to the north of Bexleyheath town centre on Avenue Road, and lies 12 miles 59 chains (20.5 km) from London Charing Cross.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Awbari Governorate
Awbari Governorate or Ubari Governorate Arabic: أوباري محافظة was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1973. Its capital was the town of Ubari. It was created out of the southwestern part of Fezzan province. In 1973 the Awbari Governorate was merged into an altered Sabha Governorate.

The governorate's population was 31,890 in 1964.

Ubari
Ubari or Awbari (Arabic: أوباري, romanized: ‘Awbārī) is an oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Idehan Ubari, a Libyan section of the Sahara Desert. It was the capital of the former baladiyah (district) called Awbari, in the southwest of the country.
David France (writer/filmmaker)
David France (born 1959) is an American investigative reporter, non-fiction author, and filmmaker. He is a former Newsweek senior editor, and has published in New York magazine, The New Yorker, The New York Times Magazine, GQ, and others. France, who is gay, is best known for his investigative journalism on LGBTQ topics.

France has been nominated for an Oscar and multiple Emmy Awards. He has also earned a George Foster Peabody Award, a Lambda Literary Award, and the Baillie Gifford Prize for nonfiction.

In June 2007, France appeared on The Colbert Report to discuss the scientific basis that homosexuality is genetic. In 2017, he appeared on Late Night with Seth Meyers to discuss his film about gay liberation activist Marsha P. Johnson.

In 2009, he co-founded Public Square Films with Joy A. Tomchin.

Late Night with Seth Meyers
Late Night with Seth Meyers is an American late-night news and political satire variety talk show hosted by Seth Meyers on NBC. The show premiered on February 24, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television. Airing weeknights at 12:37 a.m. ET/PT, it is the fourth iteration of NBC's Late Night franchise.

Until August 2024, the show featured bandleader Fred Armisen and the 8G Band as the show's house band. Late Night is produced by former Saturday Night Live producer Mike Shoemaker and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels. The show records in Studio 8G at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. Full episodes are available next day on Peacock. Clips of Late Night are provided on social media.
Zavalla, Santa Fe
Zavalla is a town (comuna) in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has 4,659 inhabitants per the 2001 census [INDEC]. It is located on National Route 33, immediately west of Pérez, 22 km southwest of the center of Rosario, and 187 km south of the provincial capital Santa Fe.

The settlement was established around a train station of the Ferrocarril Oeste Santafesino railway company, built in 1883 under the sponsorship of Carlos Casado del Alisal. The town proper was founded in 1887, and the local government institution (a support commission) was formally created on 21 July 1898. Its name is a homage to the priest and politician Manuel María Zavalla.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.