hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glen Grey Act
In the colonial history of South Africa, the Glen Grey Act was an 1894 Act of the Parliament of the Cape Colony. Instigated by the government of Prime Minister Cecil John Rhodes, it established a system of individual (rather than communal) land tenure and created a labour tax to force Xhosa men into employment on commercial farms or in industry. The act was so named because, although it was later extended to a larger area, it initially applied only in the Glen Grey district, a former name for the area around Lady Frere, east of Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

The Glen Grey district became part of the Transkei within which it was named Cacadu district (not to be confused with the former Cacadu District Municipality, now the Sarah Baartman District Municipality, further west) and is now the magisterial district of Lady Frere. It is part of the Western Thembuland traditional kingdom.

Queenstown, South Africa
Queenstown, officially Komani, is a town in the middle of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, roughly halfway between the smaller towns of Cathcart and Sterkstroom on the N6 national route. The town was established in 1853 and is currently the commercial, administrative, and educational centre of the surrounding farming district.
Lagrivea
Lagrivea is a fossil genus of squirrel from the Middle Miocene of France. The single species, L. vireti, is known from three mandibles (lower jaws) and two isolated teeth. All come from the fissure filling (a fossil deposit formed when a rock fissure filled with sediment) of La Grive L5, part of the La Grive-Saint-Alban complex in Saint-Alban-de-Roche, southeastern France. Lagrivea was a large tree squirrel with flat lower incisors and a large, triangular fourth lower premolar (p4). Each of the four cheekteeth (p4 and three molars, m1 through m3) bears a deep basin in the middle of the crown. The m3 is about rectangular in shape, but rounded at the back. Although m1 and m2 have two roots, m3 has three.

Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth.  They have at least two cusps.  Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.
Global Classroom
The Global Classroom Partnership is an international partnership of schools. The roots of the partnership go as far back as 1989, but the partnership was officially established in 1996. Since then it created links with over 30 schools. It is one of the biggest international and long established school partnerships in the world.

Some examples of projects within the Global Classroom Partnership include:

Zlín
Zlín (in 1949–1989 Gottwaldov; Czech pronunciation: [zliːn]; German: Zlin) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 75,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Zlín Region and it lies on the Dřevnice River. It is known as an industrial centre. The development of the modern city is closely connected to the Bata Shoes company and its social scheme, developed after World War I. A large part of Zlín is urbanistically and architecturally valuable and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Titignano, Orvieto
Titignano is a village in Umbria, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Orvieto, province of Terni.

Titignano is about 63 km from Terni and 30 km from Orvieto, and it's located north to the Corbara Lake in the Natural Reserve of the Tiber.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Hirt
Hirt (German for "herder") is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Al Hirt (1922–1999), American trumpeter and bandleader

Aloys Hirt (1759–1837), German art historian and archaeologist

August Hirt (1898–1945), German SS officer

Egon Hirt (born 1960), German alpine skier

Ferenc Hirt (1967–2018), Hungarian businessman and politician

Hassan Hirt (born 1980), French long-distance runner

Hermann Hirt (1865–1936), German philologist and Indo-Europeanist

Jan Hirt (born 1991), Czech cyclist

John Hirt (born 1943), Australian pastor and educator

Peter Hirt (1910–1992), Swiss racing driver

Susanne Hirt (born 1973), German slalom canoeist

Ferenc Hirt
Ferenc Hirt (29 September 1967 – 7 December 2018) was a Hungarian entrepreneur and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Tamási (Tolna County Constituency V) from 2006 to 2014, and for Paks (Tolna County 3rd constituency) from 2014 to 2018. He was elected MP via the Fidesz national list in 2018. He was the first physically disabled MP in the Hungarian Parliament.
Gainesville station (Texas)
Gainesville (Amtrak: GLE), officially the Gainesville Santa Fe Depot, is an Amtrak train station in Gainesville, Texas. The station is serviced by Amtrak's Heartland Flyer route, which travels from Fort Worth, Texas to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Heartland Flyer
The Heartland Flyer is a daily passenger train that follows a 206-mile (332 km) route between Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Fort Worth, Texas. It is operated by Amtrak and jointly funded by the states of Oklahoma and Texas.

The train's daily round-trip begins in Oklahoma City in the morning and reaches Fort Worth in the early afternoon. It leaves Fort Worth during the afternoon rush for an evening return to Oklahoma City. Future plans call for the train's northern terminus to be extended from Oklahoma City to Newton, Kansas with increased frequency along the original route by 2029.
Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Works
The Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Works, also known as the Milwaukee Bridge Co. and as Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Co., was a firm based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Projects include:

Fifty-Seventh Street Bridge, 57th St. over the Kalamazoo R., Manlius Township, MI (Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Co.), NRHP-listed

Fort Benton Bridge, over Missouri River, Fort Benton, MT (Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Works), NRHP-listed

Manchester Street Bridge, in Ochsner Park, Baraboo, WI (Milwaukee Bridge & Iron Works), NRHP-listed

Sappa Creek Bridge, Co. Rd. over Sappa Cr., 2 mi. E of Stamford, Nebraska (Milwaukee Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed

Fort Benton, Montana
Fort Benton is a city in and the county seat of Chouteau County, Montana, United States.  Established in 1846, Fort Benton is the oldest continuously occupied settlement in Montana. Fort Benton was the most upstream navigable port on the Mississippi River System, and is considered "the world’s innermost port".

The city's waterfront area, the most important aspect of its 19th century growth, was designated the Fort Benton Historic District, a National Historic Landmark, in 1961.

The population was 1,449 at the 2020 census.
Tony Butkovich
Anthony J. Butkovich (April 4, 1921 – April 18, 1945) was a Croatian American football player who was a fullback at the University of Illinois and spent his last year at Purdue. He was drafted by the Cleveland Rams in the first round of the 1944 NFL draft.

Instead of going to the Rams he enlisted in the US Marines and fought in World War II. While serving as a Marine in the 6th Division on Guadalcanal he participated in the Mosquito Bowl.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Deena Errampalli
Deena Errampalli is a Canadian plant pathologist who is internationally known for her work on postharvest pathology of temperate tree fruits. She has conducted research in India, the USA and Canada and her work has resulted in new and innovative disease management strategies to improve plant health through Integrated Pest Management. Errampalli was a researcher at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Vineland, a satellite station of the London Research and Developmnent Centre (2000-2018) Errampalli was also the Test-Site-Manager for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Minor Use Pesticide Program at Vineland Station where she managed trials for insect pests, diseases and weed control on minor use crops. She is also an award-winning fine-art painter, printmaker, and photographer whose work has been displayed in Canada, Italy, Poland, South Africa, USA, and India.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Libya Development and Reconstruction Fund
The Libya Development and Reconstruction Fund is a public government body in Libya, established by Decision No. (1) of 2024 by the House of Representatives. Its mission is to implement reconstruction and development plans for Libyan cities and villages, with its headquarters in Benghazi.

House of Representatives (Libya)
The Libyan House of Representatives (HoR; Arabic: مجلس النواب, romanized: Majlis al-Nuwaab, lit. 'Council of Deputies') is the unicameral legislature of Libya, established following the 2014 parliamentary election, which recorded an 18% voter turnout.

Amid escalating conflict during the Second Libyan Civil War and the August 2014 Islamist takeover of Tripoli, the HoR relocated to the eastern city of Tobruk. Although based in Tobruk, several sessions were held in Tripoli in May 2019 while the capital was under armed assault, including the temporary appointment of an interim speaker. From 2014 to 2021, the HoR backed the Tobruk-based government led by Abdullah al-Thani. It later recognized the Government of National Unity (GNU) under Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh. In September 2021, the HoR passed a vote of no confidence against the GNU and subsequently appointed a rival administration, the Government of National Stability (GNS).
Gone Girl (album)
Gone Girl is an album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1978. It features the Rolling Stones' Beggars Banquet song "No Expectations", the original "It Comes and Goes" and Rodney Crowell's "A Song for the Life", as well as a version of Kenny Rogers' famous single "The Gambler", released just a month before Gone Girl. Three singles from the album, "Gone Girl", "I Will Rock and Roll with You" and "It'll Be Her", were released, but did not reach the country chart's top 20.

Rodney Crowell
Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album Diamonds & Dirt. He has also written songs and produced for other artists.

He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt. Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris' Hot Band.

He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song "After All This Time" and one in 2014 Best Americana Album for his album Old Yellow Moon.
Nadejda Popov
Nadejda Popov (born March 10, 1994), also known as Nadia Popov, is a Canadian rugby sevens player. She won a gold medal at the 2015 Pan American Games as a member of the Canada women's national rugby sevens team.

Canada women's national rugby sevens team
The Canada women's national rugby sevens team was one of six 'core teams' that competed in all four rounds of the inaugural World Rugby Women's Sevens Series in 2012–13. Canada competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal after defeating Great Britain 33–10. At the 2020 Olympics, they failed to medal and finished in 9th place.

They participated at the 2021 Canada Women's Sevens in Vancouver and Edmonton. Canada finished third at both tournaments.

At the 2024 Summer Olympics, Canada won the silver medal after coming from 0–12 behind to defeat Australia by 21–12 in the semi-finals, before losing the final to New Zealand by 12–19.
Arctoparmelia incurva
Arctoparmelia incurva is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1794 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, it has undergone several taxonomic reclassifications before being placed in its current genus in 1986. This yellowish-green lichen, characterised by its narrow, convex lobes and globular soralia, typically grows on sun-exposed siliceous rocks in alpine and arctic habitats. It has a circumpolar distribution, found across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. A. incurva can be distinguished from similar species by its specific morphological features and chemical spot test reactions. The lichen is known to host several parasitic fungi and has shown tolerance to acid pollution.

Circumpolar distribution
A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole. Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are said to have arctic–alpine distributions.

Animals with circumpolar distributions include the reindeer, polar bear, Arctic fox, snowy owl, snow bunting, king eider, gyrfalcon, brent goose and long-tailed skua in the north, and the Weddell seal and Adélie penguin in the south.

Plants with northern circumpolar distributions include Eutrema edwardsii (syn. Draba laevigata), Saxifraga oppositifolia, Persicaria vivipara and Honckenya peploides.
Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil
The Tamil Filmfare Best Female Playback Award is given by Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Tamil films. The first Tamil award was given in 2006. However, from 1997 till 2005, a common award for playback was available for both male and female singers of all the four South Indian languages.

Jonita Gandhi
Jonita Gandhi (born October 23, 1989), credited mononymously as Jonita, is a Canadian singer known for her work in the Indian film and music industries. Since 2024, she has performed as a solo pop artist by releasing her debut independent EP Love Like That.

She has recorded songs predominantly in Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu languages with few in Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali. Some of her most acclaimed songs include "The Breakup Song", "Mental Manadhil". She is also well known for her YouTube presence. Her singing debut started through Chennai Express in 2013.
Pterogyne
Pterogyne is a monotypic genus in the legume family, Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The sole species is Pterogyne nitens. Spanish common names include guiraró, palo coca, or tipa colorado. In Portuguese, it is commonly known as amendoim bravo, cocal or madeira nova. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina.  It is threatened by habitat loss and harvesting for timber.

Five guanidine alkaloid natural products were isolated from the leaves of Pterogyne nitens: nitensidine D, nitensidine E, pterogynine, pterogynidine, and galegine.

Galegine
Galegine is a toxic chemical compound that has been isolated from Galega officinalis.  It has also been found to be the principal cause of the toxicity of poison sedge (Schoenus asperocarpus).

Galegine was used in the 1920s as a pharmaceutical treatment for diabetes; however, because of its toxicity, its use was soon supplanted by superior alternatives. Research on galegine eventually led to the development of metformin which is used today for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Wood Mill, Woodley
Wood Mill was a mill located by the River Tame in Stockport, Cheshire. Originally built in the early to mid 19th century and used as a bone mill. After 1848 the building was converted to a woollen mill and was rebuilt in 1864. In the 1930s, the building was used for colour and chemical manufacturing and demolished in 1964. The remains of the building are located on the bend of Lambeth Grove, Woodley between Wellington Works (occupied by Morrells Woodfinishes) and Riverside Kennels.

Bone crusher
A bone crusher, also known as a bone mill, is a device regularly used for crushing animal bones.  Bones obtained during slaughter are cleaned, boiled in water and dried for several months.  After that, they are suitable for crushing with the special machine into a relatively dry gritty powder which is used as fertilizer.
The machine, shown in the picture, is powered by a water wheel.  It contains eight S-shaped pairs of cams that raise the crushers alternately and let them fall into material to be crushed.  The simple transmission increases the rotation speed of the crusher wheel to 21 rpm from the water wheel speed of about 7 rpm.

Bone meal has been used since about 1790 as a fertilizer supplement to ordinary farmyard manure. From about 1880 onwards it was supplanted by chemical fertilizers.

The bone meal produced by bone mills could also be used to make bone china.
Fay, Missouri
Fay is an unincorporated community in southeastern Ozark County, in the Ozarks of south-central Missouri, United States. The community is located along Missouri Route J, approximately 2.5 miles south of U.S. Route 160. The Fay Cemetery lies just west of Route J and north of the Lick Creek - Sweeten Creek junction.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Jivraj Park metro station
Jivraj Park is an elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Red Line of Ahmedabad Metro in Ahmedabad, India. Around this metro station holds the main DMart Supermarket along with Auda Garden Park, Rish Orthopedic Hospital in southern Ahmedabad. This metro station was inaugurated on 30 September 2022 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was opened to the public on 6 October 2022.

DMart
Avenue Supermarts Limited, d/b/a DMart, is an Indian retail corporation that operates a chain of supermarkets and hypermarkets. The company was founded by Radhakishan Damani and is based in Mumbai. As of March 2025, DMart has 415 stores across 12 states and union territories in India.

In March 2024, the company had a total of 13,971 permanent employees and 59,961 employees hired on contractual basis.
Wheatland Music Festival
The Wheatland Music Festival is a music and arts festival organized by the Wheatland Music Organization, a non-profit organization specializing in the preservation and presentation of traditional arts and music. Community outreach services include programming for Senior facilities and schools across mid-Michigan, year-round instrument lessons, scholarship programs, Jamborees, Traditional Dances, and Wheatscouts - a free program educating children through music, dance, storytelling, crafts and nature.  Each year, the organization holds its annual Traditional Arts Weekend the weekend of Memorial Day, and its annual festival during the second weekend in September in the unincorporated community of Remus in the state of Michigan, in the United States. The first Wheatland Music Festival was held August 24, 1974.

The Dixie Hummingbirds
The Dixie Hummingbirds (formerly known as The Sterling High School Quartet) are an influential American gospel music group, spanning more than 80 years from the jubilee quartet style of the 1920s, through the "hard gospel" quartet style of gospel's golden age in the 1940s and 1950s, to the eclectic pop-tinged songs of today. The Hummingbirds inspired a number of imitators, such as Jackie Wilson and James Brown, who adapted the shouting style and enthusiastic showmanship of hard gospel to secular themes to help create soul music in the 1960s.
2020–21 Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup
The 2021 Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup is the 15th season of the Serbian women's national basketball cup tournament.,

The tournament was held in Vršac from 13 to 14 March 2021. Art Basket won the tournament.

Vršac
Vršac (Serbian Cyrillic: Вршац, pronounced [ʋr̩̂ʃat͡s]) is a city in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022, the city urban area had a population of 31,946, while the city administrative area had 45,462 inhabitants. It is located in the geographical region of Banat.
Clement Isong
Clement Nyong Isong CFR ((listenⓘ); 20 April 1920 – 29 May 2000) was a Nigerian banker and politician who was governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1967 to 1975 during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon. He was later elected governor of Cross River State (1979–1983) in the Nigerian Second Republic.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.