hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Litmus test (politics)
In politics, a litmus test is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination. The expression is a metaphor based on the litmus test in chemistry, in which one is able to test the general acidity of a substance, but not its exact pH. Those who must approve a nominee may also be said to apply a litmus test to determine whether the nominee will receive their vote. In these contexts, the phrase comes up most often with respect to nominations to the judiciary.

Nomination
Nomination is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to a public office, or the bestowing of an honor or award. A collection of nominees narrowed from the full list of candidates is a short list.
Sheydan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Sheydan (Persian: شيدان, also Romanized as Sheydān) is a village in the Milas Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, made up of 14 families.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Arthur o' Bower
"Arthur o' Bower" is a short British nursery rhyme or rhymed riddle originally published in 1805 but known, on the evidence of a letter by William Wordsworth, to have been current in the late 18th century in Cumberland.  The title character is a personification of a storm wind, sometimes believed to represent King Arthur in his character as storm god or leader of the Wild Hunt.  The Roud Folk Song Index, which catalogues folk songs and their variations by number, classifies this rhyme as 22839.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Rubén Martínez Puente
Rubén Martínez Puente (1941/2 – 24 July 2021) was a Cuban military officer and politician.

He served as the Chief of the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force from 1998 to 2005 and politician who served in the National Assembly of People's Power from 2013 to 2018 as a member of the Communist Party of Cuba.

Puente died from COVID-19 in 2021 aged 79, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba.

COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba
The COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Cuba on 11 March 2020 when three Italian tourists tested positive for the virus.
St Padrig's Church, Llanbadrig
St Padrig's Church is a medieval church in the village of Llanbadrig, Anglesey, Wales. The building probably dates from the 12th century and underwent renovations in the 19th century. It was designated a Grade II* listed building on 5 December 1970.

Llanbadrig
Llanbadrig is a village and community (and former electoral ward) in Anglesey, Wales. The parish includes the township of Clygyrog, Tregynrig and the port of Cemaes (pronounced "Kem-ice"), and was formerly in the cwmwd of Talybolion.  The area has extensive quarries of limestone and marble.  At the 2001 census it had a population of 1,392, reducing slightly to 1,357 at the 2011 census.

The Welsh name Llanbadrig means "church of Saint Patrick" and there is a Church of St Patrick on the coast near Cemaes. It is said to have been founded in 440CE by St Patrick himself.  Local legend states that Patrick was shipwrecked on the small nearby island of Ynys Badrig (Patrick's Isle, also known as Middle Mouse),
which can be seen from the stile in the churchyard wall. The nearby cove is known as Porth Padrig. The old church is Grade II* listed.

Following the Isle of Anglesey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2012, the Llanbadrig ward was amalgamated into a new multi-councillor ward, Twrcelyn.
Expedition 52
Expedition 52 (June – September 2017) was the 52nd expedition to the International Space Station. It officially began on June 2, 2017 10:47 UTC, with the undocking of Soyuz MS-03. Transfer of command from Expedition 51 was done on June 1, 2017.

Due to a decision to cut down the number of participating Russian cosmonauts in 2017, only two crew members were launched on Soyuz MS-04, which brought the ISS total crew down to five people. However, it was later decided that Peggy Whitson would stay on board longer, transferring from Expedition 51 to maintain a full crew of six astronauts over the summer, after the arrival of three new members on Soyuz MS-05. Expedition 51 officially ended on September 2, 2017 11:47 UTC, with the undocking of Soyuz MS-04.

Soyuz MS-03
Soyuz MS-03 was a Soyuz spaceflight launched on 17 November 2016. It transported three members of the Expedition 50 crew to the International Space Station. MS-03 was the 132nd flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. The crew consisted of a Russian commander with American and French flight engineers. The European segment of the mission was called "Proxima".
Grayson Lake State Park
Grayson Lake State Park is a Kentucky state park located in Carter and Elliott counties, near the city of Grayson, Kentucky. The park has an area of 1,512 acres (612 ha). It has facilities for boating, water skiing, swimming, fishing and golfing. It is served by Kentucky Route 7, which was re-routed as a result of the lake's creation.

Carter County, Kentucky
Carter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,627. Its county seat is Grayson. Carter County is in the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Carter Caves State Resort Park.
Chmielno, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Chmielno [ˈxmʲɛlnɔ] (Kashubian Chmielno) is a village in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kashubia in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Chmielno.

Kashubian ceramics from Chmielno is characterized by the motifs of the Kashubian star, fish-scales, tulips, lilies, wreaths, lilac branches, all complemented by wavy lines and dots. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Watling Chase Community Forest
Watling Chase Community Forest is an area of 72 square miles located in north London and south Hertfordshire around the towns of Potters Bar, Radlett, Borehamwood and Barnet. It includes Aldenham Country Park, Scratchwood, Moat Mount Open Space and the Watling Chase Timberland Trail, a waymarked walk of 16 kilometres.

It was set up in 1991 and is one of twelve community forests in England set up to regenerate the countryside in and around urban areas. They are sponsored by Natural England and the Forestry Commission which work with local authorities and voluntary bodies to manage them.

Radlett
Radlett is a large village in Hertfordshire, England, between Elstree and St Albans on Watling Street, with a population of 10,060. It is in the council district of Hertsmere in the south of the county, and forms part of the civil parish of Aldenham. Radlett is located just inside the M25 motorway between Watford and Borehamwood.
Hutch Lake (Alberta)
Hutch Lake is a man-made lake in northern Alberta, Canada within Mackenzie County. It is located on the Highway 35 (the Mackenzie Highway), approximately 35 km (22 mi) north of the Town of High Level.

Hutch Lake was constructed in October 1989, officially opening on June 22, 1990, to fulfill the need for a long-term water source for High Level. The lake features a recreation area, privately owned residential lots and trail systems. The recreation area includes a campground and a day use area and the trails are used for hiking, quadding, skiing and snowmobiling.

High Level
High Level is a town in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located at the intersection of the Mackenzie Highway (Highway 35) and Highway 58, approximately 733 kilometres (455 mi) north of Edmonton and 725 km (450 mi) south of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. High Level is located within Mackenzie County and was founded in 1947. The town serves a trading area of approximately 20,000 people.
Calypso Cat
Calypso Cat is a Tom and Jerry animated comedy short film, produced in 1961 and released on June 9, 1962. It was the seventh of the thirteen cartoons in the series to be directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in Czechoslovakia.

While the Deitch shorts were generally negatively-received by Tom and Jerry fans, this particular short is often considered one of the best of the thirteen cartoons. This is due to its love triangle that harkens back to the Hanna-Barbera era, as well as the background art and the calypso-flavored soundtrack.

The film is primarily set on a ship, with Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse as stowaways. Tom has fallen in love with a female Persian cat and tries to court her. Jerry is following them, and tries to sabotage their potential relationship.

Tom Cat
Thomas Jasper Cat Sr., known simply as Tom, is an American cartoon character and one of the two titular main protagonists (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of Tom and Jerry theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, he is a grey-blue and white anthropomorphic (but usually silent) domestic short haired tuxedo British cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short Puss Gets the Boot. The cat was initially known as "Jasper" during his debut in the short; however, beginning with his next appearance in The Midnight Snack he was known as "Tom" or "Thomas".
Unbreakable (Stefanie Heinzmann song)
"Unbreakable" is a song by Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann. Written by Joss Stone and Rick Nowels, it was produced by Marek Pompetzki and Paul NZA for her second studio album, Roots to Grow (2009). The song was released as the album's second single.

Rick Nowels
Richard Wright Nowels Jr. (born March 16, 1960) is an American songwriter and record producer. He has co-written and co-produced over 90 hit singles with multiple artists, and albums his songs have appeared on have sold over 250 million copies. In 2020, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Tony Cottey
Phillip Anthony Cottey (born 2 June 1966) is a Welsh former cricketer who played for Glamorgan, Sussex and Eastern Transvaal in a first-class career lasting 18 years. He was a right-hand batsman and right-arm off-spin bowler.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Chantal Zakari
Chantal Zakari is an interdisciplinary artist, designer and art educator; a Turkish Levantine (and U.S. citizen) now residing in the Boston area.

She is a full-time faculty member at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts, where she chaired the Graphic Arts area from 1998 until 2015, and was an active faculty voice while the SMFA was undergoing the transition in its long-standing affiliation with Tufts University. She was an associate member of the Goat Island performance group from 1995 to 2009 and has served on the board of Belmont World Film.

Turkish Levantine
Levantines in Turkey or Turkish Levantines, are the descendants of Western Europeans who settled in the coastal cities of the Ottoman Empire to trade, especially after the Tanzimat era. Their estimated population today is around 1,000. They mainly reside in Istanbul, İzmir and Mersin. Anatolian Muslims called Levantines Frenk (variation of Farang, often translated as "Frank") and tatlısu Frengi (lit. 'freshwater Frank'; due to their high-standard lifestyle) in addition to Levanten. Turkish Levantines are mostly Latin Catholics.

Over time the term Levant was widened in scope. During the era of the Byzantines and the first years of the Ottomans, the term was used to refer to Western Mediterranean peoples such as Italians, Catalans, and French. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the term also was used for settlers that came from Central and Northern Europe.
Alaska Airlines Center
The Alaska Airlines Center is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Anchorage, Alaska. It is located on the campus of the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) and adjacent to Providence Alaska Medical Center (PAMC).

Providence Alaska Medical Center
Providence Alaska Medical Center is Alaska's largest hospital by revenue and number of beds. It has 401 beds, 1190 nurses and more than 850 physicians on staff. It is often ranked the largest private employer in Alaska. It is located at 3200 Providence Drive in Anchorage, Alaska, across the street from the main campus of the University of Alaska Anchorage. The hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission.
Park Road Park
Park Road Park is a 122-acre urban park at 6220 Park Road in the Closeburn-Glenkirk neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina.

Park Road Park features 8 basketball courts, 2 horseshoe pits, 6 baseball fields, 5 Picnic Shelters, volleyball courts, playgrounds, trails, tennis courts, and an eleven-acre lake.  The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Parks & Recreation Department operates 36 tennis facilities and the 12 lighted tennis courts at Park Road Park are among the best in Charlotte.

The Queens University of Charlotte softball team holds all of their home games at the park. An annual children's Fall Fun Fest presented by the Charlotte Speech and Hearing Center is held each year in Park Road Park. There is a recycling drop off center at 5300 Closeburn Road inside the park.

Queens University of Charlotte
The Queens University of Charlotte is a private university in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It has approximately 1,900 undergraduate and graduate students. Established in 1857, the university offers 50 undergraduate majors, 58 minors, and 35 graduate programs. Students are guaranteed at least one internship before graduating. The university is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).

In 2025, Queens University and Elon University announced they would be merging. The merger is expected to be complete by August 2026.
William Armar
William Armar was an Irish Anglican priest.

Armar was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating B.A. in 1676 and M.A. in 1680. He was Precentor of Lisburn from 1693 to 1694; and Archdeacon of Connor from 1694 until 1707. Canon Leslie's Connor succession lists however list him as archdeacon of Connor from 1691-3, and note him as excommunicated in 1694 for not having turned up for a visitation.

Precentor
A precentor is a person who helps facilitate worship. The details vary depending on the religion, denomination, and era in question. The Latin derivation is præcentor, from cantor, meaning "the one who sings before" (or alternatively, "first singer").
Gauripur railway station
Gauripur Railway Station is a railway station on the Fakiragram–Dhubri branch line and the New Cooch Behar–Golakganj branch line. It is located in Dhubri district in the Indian state of Assam. This station serves the Gauripur town. It falls under Alipurduar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone.

Dhubri district
Dhubri district (Pron:ˈdʊbri) is an administrative district in the Indian state of Assam. Included within the Kamatapur Autonomous Council, the district headquarters are located at Dhubri city which is situated ~290 km from Guwahati. This was also the headquarters of erstwhile undivided Goalpara district which was created in 1876 by the British government. In 1983, Goalpara district was divided into four districts and Dhubri is one among those. Dhubri district is one among the many Muslim-majority districts of Assam. In 2016, Dhubri was divided again to form South Salmara-Mankachar District.

As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Assam (out of 27), after Nagaon.
Waldburg Castle
The Waldburg (English: Forest castle) is the ancestral castle of the stewards, Imperial Counts and later Imperial Princes from the House of Waldburg. It dates from the 12th century and stands on the march of the municipality Waldburg in the district of Ravensburg, applies as one of the best preserved medieval buildings, and is one of the landmarks and the highest point in Upper Swabia.

Upper Swabia
Upper Swabia (German: Oberschwaben [ˈoːbɐˌʃvaːbn̩] or Schwäbisches Oberland) is a region in Germany in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The name refers to the area between the Swabian Jura, Lake Constance and the Lech. Its counterpart is Lower Swabia (Niederschwaben), the region around Heilbronn.
Human Desire
Human Desire is a 1954 American film noir drama starring Glenn Ford, Gloria Grahame and Broderick Crawford directed by Fritz Lang. It is loosely based on Émile Zola's 1890 novel La Bête humaine. The story had been filmed twice before: La Bête humaine (1938), directed by Jean Renoir, and Die Bestie im Menschen, starring Ilka Grüning (1920).

The Academy Film Archive preserved Human Desire in 1997.

Ilka Grüning
Ilka Grüning (born Ilka Henriette Grünzweig; 4 September 1876 – 11 November 1964) was an Austrian-Hungarian actress. Born in Vienna in the old Austrian-Hungarian Empire, she was one of many Jewish actors and actresses that were forced to flee Europe when the Nazis came to power in 1933. A respected and famous actress of her time in the German-language area, she was forced to play bit parts in Hollywood.
The Heavenly Body
The Heavenly Body is a 1944 American screwball romantic comedy film directed by Alexander Hall and starring William Powell, Hedy Lamarr, and James Craig, with Fay Bainter, Henry O'Neill, and Spring Byington in supporting roles. Based on a story by Jacques Théry and a screenplay by Michael Arlen and Walter Reisch, the film is about the wife of an astronomer who is convinced of her astrologer's prediction that she will meet her true love. Produced by Arthur Hornblow Jr., it was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

William Powell
William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor, known primarily for his film career. Under contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the Thin Man series based on the Nick and Nora Charles characters created by Dashiell Hammett. Powell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947).
Uzziel Lozano
Héctor Uzziel Lozano Melchor is a Mexican football manager and former footballer who played as a forward. Recently was the manager of the Mexican Liga TDP club Potros UAEM. As a footballer, he spent most of his career playing for Toluca.

Primera División de México Apertura 2002
Primera División de México (Mexican First Division) Apertura 2002 is a Mexican football tournament - one of two short tournaments that take up the entire year to determine the champion(s) of Mexican football. It began on Saturday, August 3, 2002, and ran until November 24, when the regular season ended. San Luis, Chiapas and Querétaro were promoted to the Primera División de México thus, Léon and La Piedad were relegated to the Primera División A, allowing 20 teams to compete in the Mexican First Division. On December 21, Toluca defeated Morelia and became champions for the seventh time.
Johann Georg Specht
Johann Georg Specht (20 December 1721 – 30 December 1803) was born in Lindenberg im Allgäu. He was a civil engineer and architect in the south of Germany.

Johann Georg Specht trained as a civil engineer with Peter Thumb in Vorarlberg.

Specht planned and had a vast number of edifices and other constructions built in Upper Swabia and the Allgäu, amongst which are as varied constructions as water works, bridges, mills, residential buildings, industrial buildings and even castles and churches.

His main and most famous project was the monastery church St. Martin at Wiblingen Abbey in 1771. He planned and designed the church but was not allowed to execute the building works when the Bavarian painter and civil engineer Januarius Zick was contracted in 1778 to complete the building works after Specht had been dismissed in December 1777.

Upper Swabia
Upper Swabia (German: Oberschwaben [ˈoːbɐˌʃvaːbn̩] or Schwäbisches Oberland) is a region in Germany in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The name refers to the area between the Swabian Jura, Lake Constance and the Lech. Its counterpart is Lower Swabia (Niederschwaben), the region around Heilbronn.
Colin Blakemore
Sir Colin Blakemore (1 June 1944 – 27 June 2022) was a British neurobiologist, specialising in vision and the development of the brain. He was Yeung Kin Man Professor of Neuroscience and senior fellow of the Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study at City University of Hong Kong. He was a distinguished senior fellow in the Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London and Emeritus Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Oxford and a past Chief Executive of the British Medical Research Council (MRC). He was best known to the public as a communicator of science but also as the target of a long-running animal rights campaign. According to The Observer, he was both "one of the most powerful scientists in the UK" and "a hate figure for the animal rights movement".

British Neuroscience Association
The British Neuroscience Association (BNA) is a scientific society with around 2,500 members. Starting out as an informal gathering of scientists meeting at the Black Horse Public House in London to discuss brain-related topics (the 'London Black Horse Group'), on 23 February 1968 it was formerly established as the Brain Research Association, and subsequently relaunched as the British Neuroscience Association in 1997.

The BNA is the largest UK organisation of its kind, supporting and promoting neuroscience and neuroscientists.