hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deformation ring
In mathematics, a deformation ring is a ring that controls liftings of a representation of a Galois group from a finite field to a local field. In particular for any such lifting problem there is often a universal deformation ring that classifies all such liftings, and whose spectrum is the universal deformation space.

A key step in Wiles's proof of the modularity theorem was to study the relation between universal deformation rings and Hecke algebras.

Finite field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that has a finite number of elements.  As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules.  The most common examples of finite fields are the integers mod  when  is a prime number.

The order of a finite field is its number of elements, which is either a prime number or a prime power. For every prime number  and every positive integer  there are fields of order . All finite fields of a given order are isomorphic.

Finite fields are fundamental in a number of areas of mathematics and computer science, including number theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, finite geometry, cryptography and coding theory.
Goodbye Lover
Goodbye Lover is a 1998 neo-noir comedy film about a murder plot surrounding an alcoholic advertising agency worker and his adulterous wife. The film was directed by Roland Joffé, and stars Patricia Arquette, Dermot Mulroney, Don Johnson, Ellen DeGeneres and Mary-Louise Parker. The original script was written by Ron Peer; subsequent drafts were written by Robert Pucci, then Buck Henry.

The film premiered at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, before being released theatrically in April 1999. Following its premiere, reshoots were done in Beverly Hills, and the climax was changed. This would be the last Regency Enterprises film to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures until the 2006 film The Fountain (before Regency signed a distribution deal with 20th Century Fox).

Regency Enterprises
Regency Enterprises, Inc. is an American entertainment company formed by Arnon Milchan. It was founded on July 12, 1991 as the successor to Regency International Pictures (formerly known as Embassy International Pictures N.V.). It has offices in West Hollywood, California, London, and Luxembourg City.
The Weakest Link (South African game show)
The Weakest Link was a South African game show based on the original version in the United Kingdom. It was broadcast on SABC 3 and was hosted by actress and playwright Fiona Coyne.

Five seasons were broadcast between 2003 and 2007, each with 22 episodes. Two additional seasons were commissioned by SABC in 2009, though they were cancelled due to the station's internal issues.

The show featured nine contestants competing for a top prize of R50,000. It was filmed in Johannesburg.

Coyne beat 500 hopefuls to get the hosting role, and flew to the United Kingdom to train with Anne Robinson, the host of the original British version. Her appearance, hair, dress and style of speaking to contestants were based on those of Robinson.

The 100th episode was won by presenter and actress Ashley Hayden.

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
Rent strike
A rent strike, sometimes known as a tenants strike or a renters strike, is a method of protest commonly employed against large landlords. In a rent strike, a group of tenants agree to collectively withhold paying some or all of their rent to their landlords en masse until demands are met. This can be a useful tactic of final resort for use against intransigent landlords, but can carry risks for the tenants, such as eviction, lowered credit scores, and legal consequences.

Historically, rent strikes have often been used in response to various hardships faced by tenants, however, there have been situations where wider societal issues have led to such action.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Hard Act to Follow
"Hard Act to Follow" is a song by Australian rock band Grinspoon and was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills. It  reached No. 24 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was ranked #16 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004.

The song was written by Phil Jamieson and Pat Davern, and performed by Grinspoon at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Pat Davern
Pat Davern is an Australian musician and the guitarist for Grinspoon. His solo album Alexander the Elephant in Zanzibar was nominated for the 2016 ARIA Award for Best Children's Album.

During a hiatus for Grinspoon, Davern wrote a book, titled Alexander the Elephant in Zanzibar, which was illustrated by Martin Chatterton. The book was launched in November 2015. Davern also recorded an album version of the book. It featured appearances from Tom Williams, Pete Murray, Alex Lloyd, Megan Washington, Connie Mitchell and members of Kingswood.
Ri'og
Ri'og (Chinese: 日屋镇) is a town in Dinggyê County, in the Shigatse prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. At the time of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,113.As of 2013, it had 5 communities under its administration.

Ri'og has been a traditional trade market between Tibet and Nepal. However, due to lack of cross-border vehicle-accessible route, the trade has been limited in scale.

2010 Chinese census
The 2010 Chinese census, officially the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国第六次全国人口普查), was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010.
Mike Heathcott
Michael Joseph Heathcott (born May 16, 1969) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played during one season at the Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox. He was drafted by the White Sox in the 13th round of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft. Heathcott played his first professional season with their Class-A (Short Season) Utica Blue Sox in 1991, and his last with the Triple-A affiliates of the Chicago Cubs (Iowa Cubs) and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (Edmonton Trappers) in 2000.

1991 Major League Baseball draft
The 1991 Major League Baseball draft began 3 June 1991 to assign amateur baseball players to MLB teams. The draft order is the reverse order of the 1990 MLB season standings. In addition, compensation picks will be distributed for players who did not sign from the 1990 MLB Draft. The New York Yankees received the first overall selection.

Brien Taylor would become only the second top pick to fail to reach the major leagues, following Steve Chilcott of the 1966 draft.
Carnobacterium
Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria within the family Carnobacteriaceae. C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum are found in the wild and in food products and can grow anaerobically. These species are not known to be pathogenic in humans, but may cause disease in fish.

A species of Carnobacterium, C. maltaromaticum strain CB1, has been evaluated under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, as a food additive for vacuum- or modified atmosphere-packaged ready-to-eat meat and fresh comminuted, processed meat. Based on the hazard and exposure considerations, the risk assessment conducted by Health Canada concluded that C. maltaromaticum strain CB1 is not considered to be toxic to the Canadian environment or human health as described in Section 64 of CEPA 1999.

Carnobacterium sp. has also been found in the gut of stingless carrion-eating vulture bees, besides other acidophilic (acid-loving) Lactobacillus sp.

Vulture bee
Vulture bees, also known as carrion bees, are a small group of three closely related South American stingless bee species in the genus Trigona which feed on rotting meat. Some vulture bees produce a substance similar to royal jelly which is not derived from nectar, but rather from protein-rich secretions of the bees' hypopharyngeal glands. These secretions are likely derived from the bees' diet, which consists of carrion eaten outside the nest, and resulted in the belief that they produce what is known as "meat honey". This unusual behavior was only discovered in 1982, nearly two centuries after the bees were first classified.
United States v. ASCAP
United States v. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) et al., No. 09-0539, 2010 WL 3749292 (2nd Cir. 2010), was a United States Court of Appeals case involving copyright liability for third-party vendors that provide online music download services. In particular, the Second Circuit ruled that music downloads do not constitute public performances, upholding the district court's decision and consequently preventing ASCAP from claiming higher royalty fees from Yahoo! and RealNetworks for downloaded music. However, the Second Circuit disagreed with the district court's method of fee assessment and remanded the case for further proceedings. ASCAP appealed the decision and requested a writ of certiorari for judicial review in the Supreme Court.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Batiscanie
Batiscanie, a vernacular name, of a territory located in the Mauricie region, divided between the RCMs of Les Chenaux, Portneuf and Mékinac, in Quebec, Canada.

The name Batiscanie evokes, without geopositioning it, the territory of the Batiscan River watershed.

Mauricie
Mauricie (French pronunciation: [mɔʁisi]) is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec. La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region, making tourism in Mauricie popular. The region has a land area of 35,860.05 km2 (13,845.64 sq mi) and a population of 266,112 residents as of the 2016 Census. Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan.

The word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis.

Mauricie administrative region was created on August 20, 1997 from the split of Mauricie–Bois-Francs administrative region into Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec.  However, the concept of Mauricie as a traditional region long predates this.
Gervais de Château-du-Loir
France portal

Gervais de Château-du-Loir (1007–1067) was a French nobleman, bishop, and a powerful figure of his time in Northern France. He was Bishop of Le Mans from 1036 and Archbishop of Reims from 1055.

His father was Aimon de Château-du-Loir, whilst his mother was Hildeburge de Bellême, daughter of Yves de Bellême. His maternal uncle, Avesgaud de Bellême, Bishop of Le Mans, raised Gervais and groomed him to succeed to the Bishopric of Le Mans. He was a strong supporter of the family of Blois, and opposed to the Angevins. At one point, he had to seek refuge at the court of William, Duke of Normandy. Henry I appointed him Archbishop of Reims in 1055. As Archbishop, he crowned Philip I of France in 1059. Philip's father, Henry I of France, was then alive but died in 1060. Gervais was then regent with Baldwin V, Count of Flanders until 1066. Gervais died in 1067 and was buried in Reims Cathedral.

Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
Baldwin V (c. 19 August 1012 – 1 September 1067) was Count of Flanders from 1035 until his death. He secured the personal union between the counties of Flanders and Hainaut and maintained close links to the English monarchy, which was overthrown by his son-in-law, William the Conqueror, near the end of his life.
The Demon Seated
The Demon Seated  (Russian: Демон сидящий) is an 1890 symbolist piece by Russian artist Mikhail Vrubel.

The painting's background is a mountainous area in a scarlet sunset. The composition emphasizes the constraint of the demon's figure, as if pressed between the upper and lower bars of the frame. The painting is created in Vrubel's unique style with the effect of crystal edges, which makes his paintings look like stained glasses or panels. That effect was achieved with plain strokes made with a painting knife.

Painting knife
A painting knife is an artist's tool with a flexible steel blade used to apply and manipulate paint directly on the canvas. They are manufactured in a variety of styles and sizes. Blades can be long and thin, triangular, rectangular or diamond shaped. Handles are either straight or offset like a trowel.

A painting knife differs from a palette knife which is used for mixing paint on a pallet, sheet of glass or slab. Their slender and limber blades usually have either a tapered or rounded tip. Tangs are straight or angled to keep fingers from touching the paint.
Schizas
Schizas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anastasios Schizas (born 1977), Greek water polo player

Lou Schizas, Canadian financial analyst

Madeline Schizas (born 2003), Canadian figure skater

Stavros Schizas (born 1989), Greek basketball player

Anastasios Schizas
Anastasios Schizas (born 18 February 1977) is a Greek retired water polo player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics (4th place) and the 2008 Summer Olympics (7th place). Schizas was part of the Greece men's national water polo team that won the Bronze Medal in the 2005 World Championship in Montreal and the Bronze Medal in the 2004 World League in Long Beach.

Schizas started his career at Poseidon Ilision and then played for Ethnikos Piraeus. In 2002 he signed for Olympiacos where he had a long and successful career, playing for twelve consecutive seasons (2002–2014) and winning 21 major titles (1 LEN Super Cup, 10 Greek Championships and 10 Greek Cups).
HMS Avon Vale
HMS Avon Vale (pennant number L06) was an escort destroyer of the Hunt Type II class. The Royal Navy ordered Avon Vale's construction three days after the outbreak of the Second World War. John Brown Shipbuilding & Engineering Company Ltd laid down her keel at their Clydebank yard on 12 February 1940, as Admiralty Job Number J1569. After a successful Warship Week national savings campaign in February 1942, Avon Vale was adopted by the civil community of Trowbridge, Wiltshire.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Asahi Ryokuken International Championship
The Asahi Ryokuken International Championship was a golf tournament for professional female golfers that was part of the LPGA Tour from 2001 through 2004. It was played at the Mount Vintage Plantation Golf Club in North Augusta, South Carolina.

The first major professional golf tournament owned by African Americans Larry and John Fridie. The brothers partnered with Japanese-American Cappy Harada. They selected Mount Vintage Golf course in North Augusta, South Carolina as the official home of the tournament. In partnership with Bettis Rainsford the owner of Mt. Vintage they partnered and conducted the first tournament just days after 9/11 2001. Cappy Harada introduced Asahi Ryokuken of Japan as the official sponsor of the 1.2 million dollar prize for the winner. The tournament was broadcast on ESPN. The last tournament was held in October 2004. Tina Fischer of Germany was the first winner

North Augusta, South Carolina
North Augusta is a city in Aiken and Edgefield counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, on the north bank of the Savannah River. It lies directly across the river, and state border, from Augusta, Georgia. The population was 24,379 at the 2020 census, making it the 21st-most populous city in South Carolina. The city is included in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) and is part of the Augusta, Georgia, metropolitan area.
Marquess of Cirella
Marquess of Cirella (Spanish: Marqués de Cirella) is a hereditary title in the peerage of Spain, bestoweded in the Kingdom of Naples on Antonio Manrique Enríquez de Guzmán, knight of the Order of Santiago, by Philip III in 1618.

At the childless death of the 1st Marquess, the title became vacant for more than two centuries until it was rehabilitated in 1926 by Alfonso XIII on behalf of the most legitimate descendant, María del Rosario Díez de Rivera y Figueroa, who was a daughter of the 5th Count of Almodóvar (Grandee of Spain), as well as a first cousin of the 18th Duke of Alburquerque. The title has been vacant since 6 June 2021, when the last holder, Jorge Juliá y Díez de Rivera, committed suicide after murdering his wife.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
R399 road (Ireland)
The R399 road is a short regional road in Ireland linking the N55 to the R393; all in County Longford.

Its route runs north of the Royal Canal. Abbeyshrule, situated on the canal and Abbeyshrule airport are just off the R399 to the south. The road is 5 km (3.1 mi) long.

Abbeyshrule
Abbeyshrule (Irish: Mainistir Shruthla, meaning 'monastery of the river') is a village in south-east County Longford, Ireland, on the River Inny and the Royal Canal. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Mohinder Suresh
Mohinder Suresh is a fictional character on the NBC drama Heroes who is portrayed by actor Sendhil Ramamurthy. He is from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and is a genetics professor at the University of Madras. Mohinder is attempting to find the truth behind the sudden death of his father, Chandra Suresh (portrayed by Erick Avari), and to continue his father's research of finding "superhuman" beings on Earth. In character, Suresh also provides many episodes with opening or closing dialogue, general philosophical musings in relation to the events that occur during the episode.

The role of Mohinder was written to be a 55-year-old geneticist looking for super-powered humans. However, Sendhil Ramamurthy's audition was so convincing that the main character part was rewritten for a younger geneticist following in his father's footsteps. The concept of the older geneticist was spun off into the minor character of Chandra Suresh.

Erick Avari
Erick Avari (born Nariman Erick Avari; 13 April 1952) is an Indian-American actor whose roles in science-fiction and action productions include Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), and The Mummy (1999), as well as the historical drama The Chosen (2019).
The Swinging Bridge
The Swinging Bridge is a novel by Ramabai Espinet, published in 2003 by HarperCollins Publishing. In 2004, the novel was short-listed for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize in the category of Best First Book (Caribbean and Canada Region). Espinet's novel focuses on a multi-generational Indo-Trinidadian family living in Canada, touching on a number of themes and topics such as gender identity and matrilineal ties.

Ramabai Espinet is an Indo-Trinidadian author born in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, in 1948. Since she originally migrated to Canada in the 1970s, Espinet has divided her time between the Caribbean and Canada. Espinet received her Ph.D. from the University of the West Indies in Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago after graduating from York University in Toronto, Ontario. She is currently a professor at Seneca College. Some of her other notable works besides The Swinging Bridge include Beyond the Kalapani, The Princess of Spadina, and Ninja's Carnival.

Commonwealth Writers
Commonwealth Writers (established in 2011) is the cultural initiative of the Commonwealth Foundation. It aims to inspire, develop and connect writers across the Commonwealth. Its flagship is a literary award for short stories, the Commonwealth Short Story Prize, and a website.

As the Commonwealth Foundation’s cultural programme, Commonwealth Writers works in partnership with international literary organisations, the wider cultural industries and civil society to help writers develop their craft. Partners include the BBC World Service, the British Council, English PEN, Granta, Hay Festival, the Prince Claus Fund, the Sigrid Rausing Trust, the Brunel University African Poetry Prize, and others.