hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quasi-free algebra
In abstract algebra, a quasi-free algebra is an associative algebra that satisfies the lifting property similar to that of a formally smooth algebra in commutative algebra. The notion was introduced by Cuntz and Quillen for the applications to cyclic homology. A quasi-free algebra generalizes a free algebra, as well as the coordinate ring of a smooth affine complex curve. Because of the latter generalization, a quasi-free algebra can be thought of as signifying smoothness on a noncommutative space.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Guido Alberto Fano
Guido Alberto Fano (18 May 1875 in Padua – 14 August 1961 at Tauriano di Spilimbergo) was an Italian pianist and composer. From 1894 he was the favoured pupil of Giuseppe Martucci. In 1905 he was appointed director of the Parma Conservatory, and in 1916 he became director of the Palermo Conservatory. From 1922 he was professor of piano at the Milan Conservatory. Fano, who was of Jewish origin, was removed from this position by the Italian Fascist racial laws in 1938. He moved to Fossombrone and Assisi to survive the holocaust from 1943 to 1945. He returned to teaching 1945–47, then retired.

Parma Conservatory
The Conservatorio di Musica Arrigo Boito, better known in English as the Parma Conservatory, is a music conservatory in Parma, Italy. It was originally established as the Regia Scuola di Canto, a school for singing in 1819 by Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, and expanded into a conservatory of music in 1825.  In 1840 instrumental music instruction began, followed by the addition of music composition, conducting, and other musical studies.

Initially a school open only to men, the Parma Conservatory became a co-education institution in 1855 known as the Regia Scuola di Musica. In 1888 the school moved from being a private school to a public institution operated by the Government of Italy. Its name was changed to its present title to honor the composer Arrigo Boito in 1919.
Karhun kansa
Karhun kansa (Finnish: ['kɑrhun ˈkɑnsɑ]) is a religious community based on indigenous Finnish spiritual tradition. The community was officially recognized by the Finnish state in December 2013. "Karhun kansa" is Finnish for "People of the Bear". The bear, known as Otso, is the most sacred animal in the Finnish spiritual tradition, and said to be the mythical ancestor of all humankind. Karhun kansa is part of Suomenusko ("Finnish Faith"), the contemporary revival of pre-Christian polytheistic ethnic religion of the Finns. Some members of Karhun kansa call their faith 'väenusko' rather than 'suomenusko'. The first part of the term 'väenusko' stems from a Finnish word 'väki', which refers to people, and also both unseen and visible powers that are part of traditional Finnic mythology.

Bear worship
Bear worship is the religious practice of the worshipping of bears. This variety of animal worship is found in many North Eurasian ethnic religions such as those of the Sami, Nivkh, Ainu, Basques, Germanic peoples, Slavs and Finns. There are also a number of deities from Celtic Gaul and Britain associated with the bear. The Dacians, Thracians and Getians in the Eastern Balkans were observed to worship bears and to celebrate an annual bear dance festival. The bear is featured on many totems throughout northern cultures that carve them.
Ornain
The Ornain (French pronunciation: [ɔʁnɛ̃] ⓘ) is a 116 km long river in northeastern France, right tributary of the Saulx (Seine basin). It is formed near the village Gondrecourt-le-Château by the confluence of the small rivers Ognon and Maldite. It flows generally northwest. Its course crosses the following départements and towns:

Meuse: Gondrecourt-le-Château, Ligny-en-Barrois, Bar-le-Duc, Revigny-sur-Ornain

Marne

The Ornain flows into the Saulx in Pargny-sur-Saulx. The part of the Marne-Rhine Canal between Demange-aux-Eaux and Sermaize-les-Bains runs parallel to the Ornain.

Pargny-sur-Saulx
Pargny-sur-Saulx (French pronunciation: [paʁɲi syʁ so], literally Pargny on Saulx) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

Pargny-sur-Saulx is known for its tiles, which are exported sometimes to Singapore, giving it the nickname "the city of the tiles". In addition the town is situated about 18 kilometres from Lac du Der-Chantecoq.
Herb Alward
James Herbert Alward (November 1, 1865 – December 21, 1897) was an American football player and coach. He served as the third head football coach at the University of Wisconsin–Madison for a single season in 1891, compiling a record of 3–1–1. Alward coached for the Armour Institute (later merged into Illinois Institute of Technology) and Rush Medical College.

Alward attended Harvard University and was a member of the 1890 Harvard Crimson football team, which was later recognized as a national champion. He played amateur club football with Chicago's University Club in 1891 and the Chicago Athletic Association in 1892 and 1893, serving as team captain in 1893.

Alward died of typhoid fever, on December 21, 1897, at his home in Chicago.

Rush Medical College
Rush Medical College is the medical school of Rush University, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Established in 1837, it is affiliated  with Rush University Medical Center, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 Artificial Intelligence is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 develops and facilitates the development of international standards, technical reports, and technical specifications within the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), located in the United States of America. The Chair of SC 42 is Wael William Diab. The first meeting of the committee took place in Beijing, China in April 2018. SC 42 meets face-to-face twice a year in an opening and closing plenary format with its subgroups meeting concurrently during the week. SC 42 organizes bi-annual AI workshops that target all stakeholders interested in AI and the committee's work.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Nares Gladley Marsh
Nares Gladley Marsh is a 5.1-hectare (13-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Leighton Buzzard in Bedfordshire. It was notified in 1990 under Section 28  of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and the local planning authority is Central Bedfordshire Council.

The site is on the Lower Greensand in the valley of the River Ouzel. It has marshland with a number of springs, and it has rich plant communities. On higher areas there is acidic grassland.

The site is private land and there is no public access.

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c. 69) is an act of Parliament in the United Kingdom implemented to comply with European Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. In short, the act gives protection to native species (especially those at threat), controls the release of non-native species, enhances the protection of Sites of Special Scientific Interest and builds upon the rights of way rules in the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The act is split into 4 parts covering 74 sections; it also includes 17 schedules.

Few amendments have been made to it, and it has acted as a foundation for later legislation to build upon. The compulsory five year review of schedules 5 and 8 make it dynamic in terms of the species which it protects.
Sulphur Springs Railway
The Sulphur Springs Railway was a shortline railroad in Oklahoma branching off the trackage of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco), intended to bring tourists to what was then the federal government's Sulphur Springs Reservation, which would later become a national park.  The railroad was completed about 1903, and the trackage was purchased by the Frisco in 1907.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Lycosa
Lycosa is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world, with more than two hundred described species.

Sometimes called the "true tarantula", though not closely related to the spiders most commonly called tarantulas today, Lycosa spp. can be distinguished from common wolf spiders by their relatively large size. This genus includes the European Lycosa tarantula, which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever, asserted to be curable only by the traditional tarantella dance. No scientific substantiation of that myth is known; the venom of Lycosa spiders is generally not harmful.

Tarantella
Tarantella (Italian: [taranˈtɛlla]) is a group of various southern Italian folk dances originating in the regions of Calabria, Campania, Sicilia, and Apulia. It is characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in 68 time (sometimes 128 or 44), accompanied by tambourines. It is among the most recognized forms of traditional southern Italian music. The specific dance-name varies with every region, for instance sonu a ballu in Calabria, tammurriata in Campania, and pizzica in Salento. Tarantella is popular in southern Italy, Greece, and Malta. The term may appear as tarantello in a linguistically masculine construction.
Opinion polling for the 2019 Spanish local elections (Castile and León)
In the run up to the 2019 Spanish local elections, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in local entities in Spain. Results of such polls for municipalities in Castile and León are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous local elections, held on 24 May 2015, to the day the next elections were held, on 26 May 2019.

Polls are listed in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" columns on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.

2015 Spanish local elections
The 2015 Spanish local elections were held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect all 67,515 councillors in the 8,122 municipalities of Spain and all 1,040 seats in 38 provincial deputations. They were held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities, as well as elections in the three foral deputations of the Basque Country, the four island councils in the Balearic Islands and the seven island cabildos in the Canary Islands.
Frederik Fekiač
Frederik Fekiač (born June 7, 1995) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for HC 21 Prešov of the Slovak Extraliga.

Fekiač previously played for HKm Zvolen, making his professional debut with the team during the 2012–13 season. He would divide his team between Zvolen and HC 07 Detva between 2015 and 2017 before joining Detva permanently in 2017.

He is the younger brother of centre Viktor Fekiač and the two have often been teammates throughout their careers.

HKM Zvolen
Hokejový Klub HKM a.s. Zvolen is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Zvolen. The club has won the Slovak league championship three times (2001, 2013, 2021) and the IIHF Continental Cup in 2005. The team is nicknamed Rytieri (Knights).
Langi Logan
Langi Logan is a locality in the Wimmera Southern Mallee region of western Victoria, Australia. The locality is on the Tatyoon Road from Ararat to the town of Tatyoon. Langi Logan is in the Rural City of Ararat local government area, 184 kilometres (114 mi) north-west of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2021 census, Langi Logan had a population of 23. This is down from 25 in the 2016 census.

Langi Logan station was located just north of the town. This station is on the Western standard gauge line between Melbourne and Adelaide.

Rural City of Ararat
The Rural City of Ararat is an Australian local government area located in the western part of the state of Victoria. It covers an area of 4,211 square kilometres (1,626 sq mi) and in the 2021 had a population of 11,880. The area includes the towns of Ararat, Lake Bolac, Moyston, Pomonal, Streatham, Tatyoon, Wickliffe and Willaura.

The rural city is governed and administered by the Ararat Rural City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Ararat. The rural city is named after the main urban settlement located in the north of the LGA, that is Ararat, which is also the LGA's most populous urban centre with a population of 8,076.

The traditional owners of the area are the Djab Wurrung.
Premonition (2007 film)
Premonition is a 2007 American supernatural psychological thriller directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock in the lead role, with Julian McMahon, Nia Long, Kate Nelligan, Amber Valletta and Peter Stormare. The film's plot depicts homemaker Linda experiencing the days surrounding her husband's death in a non-chronological order and attempting to save him from his impending doom. Premonition was released on March 16, 2007 by Sony Pictures Releasing in North America and by Hyde Park International in international markets. The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $84.1 million against a $20 million budget.

Supernatural film
Supernatural film is a film genre that encompasses supernatural themes related to gods, goddesses, ghosts, apparitions, spirits, miracles, and other extraordinary phenomena. These themes are often blended with other film genres, such as comedy, science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Historically, the primary goal of supernatural films was not to terrify audiences but to offer entertainment, often in whimsical or romantic contexts.

The film genre is part of several hybrid genres, including supernatural comedy films, supernatural horror films, supernatural religious films, and supernatural thriller films.
Bandar Utama bus hub
Bandar Utama bus hub is a bus interchange located at Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located next to the New Wing of 1 Utama Shopping Centre at the Central Park Avenue. This bus hub is served primarily by Rapid Bus and PJ City Bus.

Petaling Jaya
Petaling Jaya (Malaysian pronunciation: [pətaliŋ d͡ʒaja] ⓘ), colloquially referred to as "PJ", is a city in Petaling District, in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, it is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area. Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20 June 2006. It has an area of approximately 97.2 square kilometres (37.5 sq mi).

Petaling Jaya is surrounded by Kuala Lumpur to the east, Sungai Buloh to the north, Shah Alam, the capital of Selangor, and Subang Jaya to the west, and Bandar Kinrara (Puchong) to the south.
Place de la Concorde (Degas)
Place de la Concorde or Viscount Lepic and his Daughters Crossing the Place de la Concorde is an 1875 oil painting by Edgar Degas. It depicts the cigar-smoking Ludovic-Napoléon Lepic, his daughters Eylau and Jeanine, his dog, and a solitary man on the left at Place de la Concorde in Paris. The man on the left may be the playwright Ludovic Halévy. The Tuileries Gardens can be seen in the background, behind a stone wall.

Notable for its innovative composition, use of negative space, and cropping, the painting reflects influences from photography and contemporary urban transformations during Haussmann's Paris. Widely thought to be lost after World War II, the painting was revealed in 1994 to be part of a collection looted by Soviet forces, later displayed at the Hermitage Museum in the controversial "Hidden Treasures Revealed" exhibition. It remains in the Hermitage's collection today.

Paul Durand-Ruel
Paul Durand-Ruel (French pronunciation: [pɔl dyʁɑ̃ ʁɥɛl]; 31 October 1831 – 5 February 1922) was a French art dealer associated with the Impressionists and the Barbizon School. Being the first to support artists such as Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, he is known for his innovations in modernizing art markets, and is generally considered to be the most important art dealer of the 19th century. An ambitious entrepreneur, Durand-Ruel cultivated international interest in French artists by establishing art galleries and exhibitions in London, New York, Berlin, Brussels, among other places. Additionally, he played a role in the decentralization of art markets in France, which prior to the mid-19th century was monopolized by the Salon system.
Eșanu
Eșanu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrei Eșanu (born 1948), Moldovan historian

Mihai Eșanu, Romanian footballer

Nicușor Eșanu (born 1954), Romanian sprint canoer

Otilia Ruicu-Eșanu (born 1978), Romanian sprint runner

Mihai Eșanu
Mihai Alexandru Eșanu (born 25 July 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

He made his debut in Liga I in August 2020, for Dinamo București, in a game against Concordia Chiajna.
Georgi Karaslavov
Georgi Slavov Karaslavov (Bulgarian: Георги Славов Караславов; 12 January 1904 in Plovdiv – 26 January 1980 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian writer born in the Debar district of the town of Parvomay in Plovdiv Province.  Several of his novels, including Snaha, Tatul, and Selkor, were made into films.

After he graduated from high school in 1922, he moved to live in Sofia, and studied at the Postal School. In 1923, he studied in a pedagogical school in Harmanli and continued his education by moving to Kazanlak. He took part in the September Uprising. Afterward, he signed up and graduated from Sofia University in 1928.

Because of his short novel named "Selkor", he was sentenced and imprisoned by the anti-communist regime that ruled Bulgaria at the time.

Between 1947 and 1949 Georgi Karaslavov was the director of the Ivan Vazov National Theater.

Ivan Vazov National Theatre
42°41′39″N 23°19′35″E﻿ / ﻿42.69417°N 23.32639°E﻿ / 42.69417; 23.32639

The Ivan Vazov National Theatre (Bulgarian: Народен театър „Иван Вазов“, Naroden teatar „Ivan Vazov“) is Bulgaria's national theatre, as well as the oldest and most authoritative theatre in the country and one of the important landmarks of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is located in the centre of the city, with the facade facing the City Garden.

The Ivan Vazov National Theatre has a well-equipped main stage with 750 seats, a smaller 120-seat stage and an additional 70-seat one on the fourth floor. The theatre has been host to productions from notable theatre directors such as Alexander Morfov who has been the Chief director since 1993.

The building's facade is depicted on the obverse of the Bulgarian 50 levs banknote, issued in 1999 and 2006.
Yellow brick road
The yellow brick road is a central element in the 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by American author L. Frank Baum. It also appears in the several sequel Oz books such as The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904) and The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913).

The road's most notable depiction is in the classic 1939 MGM musical film The Wizard of Oz, loosely based on Baum's first Oz book. In the novel's first edition, the road is mostly referred to as the "Road of Yellow Bricks". In the original story and in later films based on it such as The Wiz (1978), Dorothy Gale must find the road before embarking on her journey through Oz, as the tornado did not deposit her farmhouse directly in front of it as in the 1939 film.

Dorothy Gale
Dorothy Gale is a character created by the American author L. Frank Baum as the protagonist in many of his Oz novels. She first appears in Baum's classic 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and reappears in most of its sequels. She is also the main character in various adaptations, notably the 1939 film adaptation of the novel, The Wizard of Oz.

In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's palace but only after her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry have settled in a farmhouse on its outskirts. Dorothy's best friend Princess Ozma, ruler of Oz, officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the novels.
Feyerabend
Feyerabend is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erich Feyerabend (1889–1945), German painter

Gerhard Feyerabend (1898–1965), German WWII general in the Wehrmacht

Henry Feyerabend (1931–2006), Canadian Adventist evangelist, singer, and author

Markus Feyerabend (born 1971), German glider aerobatic pilot

Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994), Austrian philosopher of science

Sigmund Feyerabend (1528–1590), German printer

Gerhard Feyerabend
Gerhard Fritz Franz Feyerabend (29 April 1898 – 6 November 1965) was a German general and divisional commander in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Feyerabend surrendered to the Soviet forces in the Courland Pocket on 10 May 1945; he was released on 10 July 1947.
William Knight (Wisconsin politician)
William Knight (December 7, 1843 – January 13, 1941) was a businessman from Bayfield, Wisconsin, involved at one time or another as a merchant, in lumbering, banking, selling real estate, and orchardist, who served one term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.