hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Froidfontaine
Froidfontaine (French pronunciation: [fʁwafɔ̃tɛn]; Walloon: Froedfontinne) is a village in Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Beauraing, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

The settlement was established during the Middle Ages, when it was a dependency of the Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy and belonged to the Duchy of Luxembourg. For a short while during the end of the 17th century, it passed to France. The village sided with the Petite Église following the Concordat of 1801. The current village church was built 1871–72.

Petite Église
The Petite Église (French pronunciation: [pətit eɡliz], "Little Church"; Dutch: Stevenisten, lit. 'Stevenists') was a constellation of separate groups of French and Belgian Roman Catholics who separated from the Catholic Church in France because they opposed the reintegration of secularised priests by the Concordat of 1801 between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon Bonaparte. They were considered schismatic. One modern estimate gives its number of adherents as high as 100,000 at one time. The various communities were mostly independent from each others and adherents in each group were known by a different names. The communities declined slowly over time as their leading priests aged and died. The last enfarinés of Aveyron formally submitted to the Bishop of Saint-Flour in 1911. But the Petite Église of Poitou still had at least 3000 adherents in the 50s and an attempt was made in 1996 by John Paul II to restore communion with the group.
Western Asset Management Company
Western Asset Management Company is a global fixed-income investment firm headquartered in Pasadena, California, with nine offices on five continents and $381.1 billion in assets under management as of June 30, 2024. The firm offers institutional and retail investors a broad range of core, sector-specific, and customized bond portfolios across every sector of the bond market. The company utilizes a team-based investment approach and has focused exclusively on fixed-income securities since its founding in 1971.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Paraliwala
Paraliwala is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Shahkot, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Nakodar, 61 kilometres (38 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 183 kilometres (114 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Margaret Meyer
Margaret Theodora Meyer FRAS (September 1862 – 27 January 1924), also known as Maud Meyer was a British mathematician. She was one of the first directors of studies in mathematics, and one of the earliest members of the London Mathematical Society. In 1916, she was one of the first women to be elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

London Mathematical Society
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and the Operational Research Society (ORS).
Ralph Earle (ambassador)
Ralph Earle II (September 26, 1928 - January 13, 2020) was an American diplomat and arms control negotiator. He was a key architect of several major international arms control accords. He served as the United States' chief negotiator at the SALT II round of talks on nuclear disarmament from 1978 to 1979, as director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) between 1980 and 1981 and as deputy director at the ACDA from 1994 to 1999.

Deerfield Academy
Deerfield Academy (often called Deerfield or DA) is an independent college-preparatory boarding and day school in Deerfield, Massachusetts. Chartered in 1797 and opening to students in 1799, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States. It is a member of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization.
Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill
The women's downhill event of the 1956 Winter Olympics at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, was held on Mt. Tofana on Wednesday, 1 February.

The Swiss took the top two spots as Madeleine Berthod won the gold and Frieda Dänzer took the silver; Lucile Wheeler of Canada was the bronze medalist.  Forty-four women from sixteen countries finished the race.

The race was held on the Canalone piste, with a starting elevation of 2,114 m (6,936 ft) above sea level with a vertical drop of 502 m (1,647 ft); the course length was 1.552 km (0.96 mi). Berthoud's winning time of 100.7 seconds yielded an average speed of 55.484 km/h (34.5 mph), with an average vertical descent rate of 4.985 m/s (16.4 ft/s).

Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics
At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, the six alpine skiing events were held from Friday, 27 January to Friday, 3 February.

Toni Sailer of Austria won all three men's events to become the first alpine ski racer to win three gold medals in a single Olympics.  The feat has been repeated once, by Jean-Claude Killy in 1968.

The races were held at the adjacent Tofana, except for the men's giant slalom, which was held at Monte Faloria. The men's downhill was the final event.
Ornatin
In molecular biology, ornatin is a potent glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa) antagonist and platelet aggregation inhibitor isolated from Placobdella ornata (Turtle leech). The protein is 41-52 amino acids in length and contains the RGD recognition motif common in adhesion proteins, and 6 conserved cysteine residues. These form three disulphide bonds, which are required for activity. The sequences of ornatin B, C, D and E are highly similar, while A2 and A3 are less similar, lacking the N-terminal 9 residues. Ornatins share ~40% identity with decorsin, a GP IIb-IIIa antagonist isolated from the leech Macrobdella decora.

Sequence (biology)
A sequence in biology is the one-dimensional ordering of monomers, covalently linked within a biopolymer; it is also referred to as the primary structure of a biological macromolecule. While it can refer to many different molecules, the term sequence is most often used to refer to a DNA sequence or a protein sequence.
Hobsonia (fungus)
Hobsonia is a genus of fungi in the family Phleogenaceae. The genus is currently monotypic, with a single recognized species, Hobsonia mirabilis. The type species, H. gigaspora, and H. ackermannii are considered to be synonyms and additional lichenicolous species have now been transferred to the ascomycete genera Hobsoniopsis and Illosporiopsis. Hobsonia mirabilis is only known in its anamorph form, which is whitish, gelatinous, pustular, and occurs on dead woody plant remains. Microscopically, it produces coiled or spiralled conidia. The species was formerly of uncertain disposition, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that it belongs within the Atractiellales. Though originally described from New York, the species is more commonly found in the tropics and subtropics.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Goodwood (Richmond, Massachusetts)
Goodwood is a historic house in Richmond, Massachusetts.  Built c. 1792, the house is one of the best examples of late-Georgian early-Federalist houses in Berkshire County, Massachusetts.  The property's importance is further enhanced by its association with a number of high-profile owners.

Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Berkshire County (pronounced /ˈbɜːrkʃər/) is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,026. Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield. The county was founded in 1761. The Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County. Residents are known as Berkshirites. It exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government, with the exception of the retirement board for former county workers, and the offices of the sheriff and the registrar of deeds.
1952 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1952.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Bummi-Lied
The "Bummi-Lied" (German for: „Bummi-Song“) with its opening line „Kam ein kleiner Teddybär..“ („Came a little Teddy bear“..) is a Kinderlied from the GDR with 5 stanzas. The text was written by Ursula Werner-Böhnke, main contributing editor of the children's magazine Bummi. The melody was composed by Hans Naumilkat. The text is a reference to the main character of the eponymous children's magazine, the yellow teddybear „Bummi“. The magazine was created in 1957 for children in kindergarten age. From 1969 onwards, the tune was part of the educational system for primary school starters with a slightly to 3 stanzas shortened version. The written text was published by VEB Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag Leipzig.

Children's song
A children's song may be a nursery rhyme set to music, a song that children invent and share among themselves or a modern creation intended for entertainment, use in the home or education. Although children's songs have been recorded and studied in some cultures more than others, they appear to be universal in human society.

Criteria for a children's song include child-friendly lyrics and a melody appropriate to the lyrics, whose range does not exceed the child's vocal range. Furthermore, the song should be written in a key suitable for the child's voice.

In folklore, the term "children's songs" is sometimes also used to refer to nursery rhymes.
Justifiable homicide
The concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law is a defense to culpable homicide (criminal or negligent homicide).  Generally, there is a burden to produce exculpatory evidence in the legal defense of justification.

In most countries, a homicide is justified when there is sufficient evidence to disprove the alleged criminal act or wrongdoing (under the beyond a reasonable doubt standard for criminal charges, and preponderance of evidence standard for claims of wrongdoing, i.e. civil liability).  The key to this legal defense is that it was reasonable for the subject, when committing the homicide, to believe that there was an imminent and otherwise unavoidable danger of death or grave bodily harm to the innocent by the deceased.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Bradley Station
Bradley Station is the main bus station in Gastonia, North Carolina, United States. It is the hub for local bus service Gastonia Transit, and serves as the Gastonia stop for intercity services provided by Greyhound and Sunway Charters, and commuter services to Charlotte operated by Charlotte Area Transit System. The station is distinct from the Gastonia Amtrak station, which is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) east. Bradley Station opened in 1994, as an adaptive reuse of an existing building constructed in 1980.

Adaptive reuse
Adaptive reuse is the reuse of an existing building for a purpose other than that for which it was originally built or designed. It is also known as recycling or conversion. The adaptive reuse of buildings can be a viable alternative to new construction in terms of sustainability and a circular economy, and it has been used to create affordable housing, among other developments.
Slipping Away (Rolling Stones song)
"Slipping Away" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it is a ballad sung by Richards. It was included as the last track of the band's 1989 studio album Steel Wheels. The Stones have since performed "Slipping Away" during the 1995 leg of the Voodoo Lounge Tour, the 2002-2003 Licks Tour throughout the 2005-2007 A Bigger Bang Tour, on the 14 On Fire tour with former guitarist Mick Taylor guesting, and on the No Filter Tour.

Mick Taylor
Michael Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1949) is an English guitarist, best known as a former member of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers (1967–1969) and the Rolling Stones (1969–1974). As a member of the Stones, he appeared on Let It Bleed (1969), Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! (1970), Sticky Fingers (1971), Exile on Main St. (1972), Goats Head Soup (1973), It's Only Rock 'n Roll (1974), and Tattoo You (1981).

Since leaving the Rolling Stones in December 1974, Taylor has worked with numerous other artists and released several solo albums. From November 2012 onwards, he participated in the Stones' 50th-Anniversary shows in London and Newark, and in the band's 50 & Counting tour, which included North America, Glastonbury Festival and Hyde Park in 2013.

Taylor was ranked 37th in Rolling Stone magazine's 2011 list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash states that Taylor has had the biggest influence on him.
Faith school
A faith school is a school in the United Kingdom that teaches a general curriculum but which has a particular religious character or formal links with a religious or faith-based organisation. The term is most commonly applied to state-funded faith schools, although many independent schools also have religious characteristics.

There are various types of state-funded faith school, including Voluntary Aided (VA) schools, Voluntary Controlled (VC) schools, and Faith Academies.

Schools with a formal faith designation may give priority to applicants who are of the faith, and specific exemptions from Section 85 of the Equality Act 2010 enable them to do that.  However, state-funded faith schools must admit other applicants if they cannot fill all of their places and must ensure that their admission arrangements comply with the School Admissions Code.

Note that legislation varies between the countries of the United Kingdom since education is a devolved matter.

Religious organization
Religious activities generally need some infrastructure to be conducted. For this reason, there generally exist religion-supporting organizations, which are some form of organization that manages:

the upkeep of places of worship, such as mosques, churches, temples, synagogues, chapels and other buildings or meeting places.

the payment of salaries to religious leaders, such as Roman Catholic priests, Hindu priests, Protestant ministers, imams and rabbis.

In addition, such organizations usually have other responsibilities, such as the formation, nomination or appointment of religious leaders, the establishment of a corpus of doctrine, the disciplining of leaders and followers with respect to religious law, and the determination of qualification for membership.
Survivor – A sziget season 6
Survivor – A sziget: Generációk harca (transl. "Survivor - A sziget: Battle of the Generations") is the sixth season of the Hungarian reality television series Survivor – A sziget.

The season returns to Caramoan in the Philippines where 18 Hungarians are split off into 3 tribes of 6 divided into generations where they compete in challenges to win rewards and immunity to avoid tribal council where in the end, the winner receives the grand prize of Ft.20,000,000 and the title of Sole Survivor. The season is presented by Miklós "Joe" Varga and for the first time, aired on RTL premiering on 2 October 2023.

Caramoan
Caramoan, officially the Municipality of Caramoan (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Caramoan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Caramoan), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 50,433 people.

The town became known worldwide after being used in an international television show. The area features white beaches, calm lagoons, caves, rocky cliffs, and rich marine life. Even before its media exposure, Caramoan was appreciated for its natural and unspoiled island setting.
Masad, Suwayda
Masad (Arabic: مصاد, also spelled Massad) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Suwayda District of the Suwayda Governorate. According to the 2004 census, it had a population of 4,585. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze, with a Sunni Muslim Bedouin minority.

Sweida District
Sweida District (Arabic: منطقة السويداء, romanized: manṭiqat as-Suwaydā’) is a district of the Sweida Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Sweida. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 180,907.
Kozki, Voronezh Oblast
Kozki (Козки) is a khutor (a type of rural locality) in Kamensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It lies in the western part of the oblast, near the border with Belgorod Oblast, and operates within the UTC+3:00 time zone.

According to the 2010 Russian Census, the population of Kozki was 87.

The locality is part of Kamensky District’s municipal formation and is shown on topographic and administrative maps as a small settlement surrounded by agricultural land.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
1958 USSR Chess Championship
The 1958 Soviet Chess Championship was the 25th edition of USSR Chess Championship, held from 12 January to 14 February 1958 in Riga. The tournament was won by Mikhail Tal. The final was preceded by quarterfinals events at Tbilisi (won by Mark Taimanov, 16½ points in 19 games), Minsk (Aivar Gipslis, 14½/19) and Ashkhabad (A. Miroshnichenko, 13½/19); semifinals at Leningrad (Boris Spassky, 12½/19), Sverdlovsk (Viktor Korchnoi, 13½/19) and Kiev (Tigran Petrosian, 12½/19).

Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).
Amirzai Sangin
Amirzai  Sangeen Sangin (Pashto: اميرزی سنگين, born 6 June 1949) is a politician in Afghanistan, he was the Minister of Communications & Information Technology. An ethnic Pashtun, he was born in the Urgun District of Paktika Province in Afghanistan.

As a founding member of the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan, he has made significant contributions to Afghanistan's education, agriculture and medical sectors over the last two and a half decades.

Kingdom of Afghanistan
The Kingdom of Afghanistan, also known as the Sublime State of Afghanistan, was a monarchy in Central Asia that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after he acceded to the throne. The monarchy ended in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état.
Eileen Clarke (politician)
Eileen Clarke is a Canadian provincial politician, who was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the riding of Agassiz in the 2016 election. She is a member of the Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party.

On 3 May 2016, Clarke was appointed to the Executive Council of Manitoba as Minister of Indigenous and Municipal Relations. On July 9, 2021, Clarke resigned from Cabinet following controversial comments made by the Premier of Manitoba, Brian Pallister, about the history of colonization in Canada.

She did not seek re-election in the 2023 Manitoba general election.

2023 Manitoba general election
The 2023 Manitoba general election was held on October 3, 2023, to elect 57 members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba, led by Wab Kinew, formed a majority government, defeating the two-term Progressive Conservative government. Following the election, Kinew became the second Indigenous premier of Manitoba and the first First Nations person to become premier of a Canadian province.

The incumbent Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, led by Premier Heather Stefanson, had attempted to win a third term in government, having previously won the 2016 and 2019 elections under the leadership of Brian Pallister.