hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concentrated snail
The concentrated snail also known as the Santa Barbara Island snail, scientific name Micrarionta facta, is a species of air-breathing land snail,  a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helminthoglyptidae.

This species is endemic to the United States.

Helminthoglyptinae
The Helminthoglyptinae are a subfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the family Xanthonychidae.

This is a large and diverse group of new world snails, ranging in distribution from Alaska through North America to the West Indies, Central America, and as far south as Argentina.

The shells are typically of medium to large size, with no apertural teeth but usually with a reflected apertural lip.
Effector cell
In cell biology, an effector cell is any of various types of cell that actively responds to a stimulus and effects some change (brings it about).

Examples of effector cells include:

The muscle, gland or organ cell capable of responding to a stimulus at the terminal end of an efferent nerve fiber

Plasma cell, an effector B cell in the immune system

Effector T cells, T cells that actively respond to a stimulus

Cytokine-induced killer cells, strongly productive cytotoxic effector cells that are capable of lysing tumor cells

Microglia, a glial effector cell that reconstructs the Central nervous system after a bone marrow transplant

Fibroblast, a cell that is most commonly found within connective tissue

Mast cell, the primary effector cell involved in the development of asthma

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Mărgineanu
Mărgineanu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ion Mărgineanu, Moldovan politician

Nicolae Mărgineanu (director) (born 1938), Romanian film director and screenwriter

Nicolae Mărgineanu (psychologist), father of the director

Nicolae Mărgineanu (psychologist)
Nicolae Mărgineanu (June 22, 1905 – June 13, 1980) was a Romanian psychologist. In his publications, he incorporated concepts from philosophy, literature, science and logic. A key work, Psihologia persoanei (1940), focuses on the uniqueness of the individual and his development.
Oluvil Harbour
The Oluvil Harbour is a commercial and fishery harbour located in Ampara District, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. The port was opened on 1 September 2013, its construction having begun in 2008 under the Nagenahira Navodaya programme.

It covers a land area of 60 ha (148 acres) in the first stage and 105 ha (259 acres) in the second stage. The harbour basin covers an area of 16 ha (40 acres) of the sea and spreads 1.2 km (1 mi) along the coast line. Simultaneously, the commercial harbour has enough depth to handle ships up to 5,000 metric tons and the fishery harbour can hold more than 250 fishing boats.

The Port Authority, Naval Ministry and the Ministry of Fisheries launched a project to upgrade the harbour to accommodate larger fishing vessels in 2015.

Ampara District
Ampara District (Tamil: அம்பாறை மாவட்டம், romanized: Ampāṟai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Ampāra Distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Ampara. The district was carved out of the southern part of Batticaloa District in April 1961.
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University
Mustafa Kemal University (Turkish: Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi), abbreviated as MKU, is a public university established 1992 at Antakya, Hatay Province in southern Turkey. It is named after the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

It comprises eleven faculties, five four-year colleges, 15 two-year vocational schools, three post-graduate institutes, nine research centers, a conservatory and a university hospital. In 2010 the student enrolment of Mustafa Kemal University reached approximately 24,900 in total. The total size of the teaching faculty is 967. The main campus of the university is located in Serinyol area, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Antakya. In 2007, the Faculty of Engineering moved from Antakya to İskenderun.

The MKU is an active member of European University Association (EUA) since 2001.

European University Association
The European University Association (EUA) represents more than 800 institutions of higher education in 48 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and the exchange of information on higher education and research policies. Members of the Association are European universities involved in teaching and research, national associations of rectors, and other organisations active in higher education and research.

EUA is the result of a merger between the Association of European Universities and the Confederation of European Union Rectors' Conferences. The merger took place in Salamanca on 31 March 2001.
Iseler
Iseler is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany, near Bad Hindelang and Oberjoch.

There is a chair lift (Iselerbahn) from Oberjoch up to an elevation of 1,580 m (5,180 ft). The summit is accessible via hiking paths and the Salewa-Klettersteig, a via ferrata which starts at the upper station of the lift.

Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other alpine locations.  The protection includes steel fixtures such as cables and railings to arrest the effect of any fall, which the climber can either hold onto or clip into using climbing protection.  Some via ferratas can also include steel fixtures that provide aid in overcoming the obstacles encountered, including steel ladders and steel steps.
An Uncommon King
An Uncommon King is a 2011 72-minute HD documentary film directed by award-winning documentary and television producer Johanna J. Lunn. It records the life of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, son of meditation master Chögyam Trungpa and leader of the Shambhala Buddhist lineage and Shambhala International, a global community with over 200 meditation centers.

Shambhala Training
Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation and a new religious movement developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and his students. It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as realizable by people of all faiths through practices of mindfulness/awareness, non-aggression, and sacred outlook.
Chronic (film)
Chronic is a 2015 drama film written and directed by Michel Franco. The film stars Tim Roth, alongside a supporting cast featuring Bitsie Tulloch, Rachel Pickup, David Dastmalchian, Michael Cristofer, Tate Ellington, Nailea Norvind, Claire van der Boom, Maribeth Monroe, Robin Bartlett, and Sarah Sutherland.

Michel Franco
Michel Franco (born 28 August 1979) is a Mexican filmmaker. He gained recognition for his film After Lucia that won the Prize Un Certain Regard at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. He has since directed several independent films, including New Order (2020) and Memory (2023).

His films typically deal with themes of dysfunctional families. Franco has received numerous awards in film festivals like Cannes, Venice and Chicago. He frequently works with Jessica Chastain, Darío Yazbek Bernal, Nailea Norvind, and Tim Roth.
Alessandra Fratoni
Alessandra Fratoni (born 30 December 1981) is a Brazilian volleyball player, who played as a middle blocker.

She was part of the Brazil women's national volleyball team at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany.

On club level she played with Sao Caetano E.C. and VK Baku at the 2012 CEV Women's Challenge Cup.

2002 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship was the fourteenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 15 September 2002 in Berlin, Bremen, Dresden, Münster, Schwerin, Riesa, Leipzig, and Stuttgart, Germany. The tournament saw the discontinuation of Cuba's historic eight consecutive world titles, as the team finished fifth after being eliminated by the United States in the quarterfinals.
Henry Sheehy Keating
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Sheehy Keating, KCB (13 November 1775 – 12 September 1847) was a British Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He served in the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811, when Keating commanded the troops stationed on Rodrigues, a small island used as a base by British forces during the campaign. Keating was instrumental in planning and executing a series of amphibious operations against French colonies in the Indian Ocean, culminating in the capture of both Isle Bonaparte and Isle de France in 1810.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Abkhazia
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Abkhazia (Russian: Торгово-Промышленная Палата Республики Абхазия) was founded on 18 March 2002 through a decree of President Vladislav Ardzinba. Former Prime Minister Gennady Gagulia has been its Chairman since its inception. Its First Vice President is former Economy and former Taxes and Fees Minister Adgur Lushba, its Vice Presidents Vadim Gurji and former Foreign Minister Maxim Gvinjia.

On 9 March 2012, the Chamber signed a cooperation agreement with the State of Tuvalu, represented by its Prime Minister Willy Telavi. On 21 August, it signed a memorandum of understanding with the Bratislava Regional Chamber of the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry. On 31 October, it signed a Memorandum of Understanding and Cooperation with the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Gennadi Gagulia
Gennadi Leonidipa Gagulia (Abkhaz: Геннадии Леонид-иҧа Гагәлиа, Georgian: გენადი გაგულია; 3 January 1948 – 8 September 2018) was an Abkhazian politician who was three-time prime minister of Abkhazia and the head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. He served as the first prime minister of Abkhazia after the post was established by the constitution in 1995, holding it until 1997. He returned to the post in 2002 and remained for several months into 2003, and held it for a final time in 2018  for a little over four months until he was killed in a car crash.
Marquess Cheng of Zhao
Marquess Cheng of Zhao (?–350 BCE), personal name Zhao Zhong, was a marquess of the Zhao state. He was the son of Marquess Jing, whom he succeeded.

In 372 BCE, Marquess Cheng built a wooden lookout tower, known as a "tantai" (檀臺) at Xingdi (modern-day Xingtai City, Hebei Province) facing the other Warring States; because of the structure, the location later took on the name "Xingtai". General Pang Juan of the Wei state brought troops and surrounded the Zhao capital Handan in 353 BCE in preparation for an attack. The Qi state sent envoys Tian Ji and Sun Bin along with troops to assist the Zhao state and they later defeated the forces of Wei at the Battle of Guiling. Afterwards, in the twenty-fourth year of his reign (351 BCE), Marquess Cheng forced King Hui of Wei into a humiliating peace treaty at the Zhang River near Handan.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Variarterivirinae
Variarterivirinae is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The subfamily is in the family Arteriviridae and order Nidovirales. The subfamily contains three genera.

Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
Richard de Quincey
Captain Richard Saher de Quincey ("the Captain") (12 November 1896, Surbiton, Surrey – 30 December 1965, Marden, Herefordshire) was a noted British cattle breeder.

De Quincey fought in World War I as a fighter pilot in the Royal Flying Corps but was invalided out of the service as result of the effects of flying at high altitude.

De Quincy's father bought The Vern - a farm at Bodenham, Herefordshire - in 1922. The farm came with a herd of Hereford cattle which the younger de Quincey successfully improved, his bulls winning many prizes and export markets.

Bodenham
Bodenham is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, and on a bend in the River Lugg, about seven miles south of Leominster. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 1,024, reducing to 998 at the 2011 census.

The village is mentioned twice in the Domesday Book, where is described as having a mill and 34 households. Lords of the two manors were Osbern, the son of Richard, and Edwy in 1066, and Osbern, the son of Richard, and Herbert (of Furches) in 1086.

Anne Devereux, the Countess of Pembroke, was born at Bodenham.

Bodenham church is St Michael and All Angels. It has a pub, England's Gate, and a school, St Michael's CofE Primary School.
Guru Nanak College Ground
Guru Nanak College Ground is a cricket ground located in the Guru Nanak College premises in Velachery, Chennai. It is named after the Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism when the college was established in 1971 on the 500th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak.

The ground has been used for first class cricket since 1978. It has hosted Ranji Trophy matches since 1996 for Tamil Nadu and a Women's One Day International in 2002. It is one of the venues for hosting warm-up matches for the 2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20.

Ground (cricket)
In cricket, a ground is a location where cricket matches are played, comprising a cricket field, cricket pavilion and any associated buildings and amenities.

A batter's ground is the area behind the popping crease at their end of the pitch. It is one of the two safe zones that batters run between to score runs.
Paillon
The Paillon (French pronunciation: [pajɔ̃] ⓘ; Nissard Occitan: Palhon) is a coastal river of the Alpes-Maritimes that flows into the Mediterranean Sea in Nice, near the old district. It is 35.8 km (22.2 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 258 km2 (100 sq mi). Its source is north of Lucéram. It flows generally south, through L'Escarène, Peillon, Drap (where it meets its main tributary Paillon de Contes), La Trinité, and finally Nice.

Being a typical Mediterranean river with low water level throughout the year but with the autumn and winter rains can turn violent with damaging floods.

The region of the Paillon and the Paillon de Contes is called the pays des Paillons. The river course was covered and converted into a subterranean stream for its last few kilometers in the city of Nice starting at Rue Georges Chapel to its mouth at Plage de Carras. Two major buildings built over the stream are the LGT Lyceé Guillaume Apollinaire Nice High School the Palais des Congrès Acropolis.

Niçard dialect
Niçard (Classical orthography), nissart/Niçart (Mistralian orthography, IPA: [niˈsaʀt]), niçois (/niːˈswɑː/ nee-SWAH, French: [niswa] ⓘ), or nizzardo (Italian: [nitˈtsardo]) is the dialect that was historically spoken in the city of Nice, in France, and in a few surrounding communes. Niçard is generally considered a subdialect of Provençal, itself a dialect of Occitan. Some Italian irredentists have claimed it as a Ligurian dialect.

Most residents of Nice and its region no longer speak Niçard, and the very few who do are fully bilingual in French as Niçard has lost its function of a vernacular language decades ago. Nonetheless, today there is a developing revival of the use of the language. Some local television news is presented in Niçard (with French subtitles) and street signs in the old town of Nice are written in the dialect as well as in French. The Niçard song Nissa La Bella is often regarded as the "anthem" of Nice.
Milton Wolsky
Milton Wolsky (1916–1981) was an American painter and illustrator. He was educated in his hometown of Omaha, Nebraska and in Chicago, Illinois, and he worked as a magazine illustrator in New York City in the 1940s–1950s. His work can be seen at the Museum of Nebraska Art and the Joslyn Art Museum.

Museum of Nebraska Art
The Museum of Nebraska Art (MONA) is an art museum in Kearney, Nebraska, United States. It is the official art museum of the state of Nebraska and is administratively affiliated with the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The museum was formed in 1976 and moved to its current location at the former U.S. Post Office in 1986. The official charter of MONA makes it home to the Nebraska Art Collection, which is home to works by artists who were born in Nebraska, have lived in Nebraska, or have some connection to Nebraska.
Orestias parinacotensis
Orestias parinacotensis, locally known as karachi, is a species of pupfish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to northern Chile. This fish was described in 1982 by María Gloria Eliana Arratia Fuentes from a type locality given as a wetland near the hamlet of Parinacota, Chile called the Bofedales de Parinacota.

In salar Ascotán the species was devastated by the extraction of water by the copper mining. Since the 2020s the species is threatened by the expansion of the lithium extraction.

Bofedales
Bofedales (singular bofedal), known in some parts of Peru as oconales, are a type of wetland found in the Andes. They feature in the land use and ecology of high Andean ecosystems. They form in flat areas around ponds or streams and may be permanent or seasonal, and they can be man made or natural. Bofedales are associated with organic material in the soil and their green colour often contrasts with that of the drier surrounding landscape.

They are found at elevations exceeding 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) above sea level. Bofedales absorb the limited amount of water derived from snow, glacier meltwater and rain showers, storing it in ground and slowly releasing it. Their vegetation is dominated by cushion plants. Numerous animals including birds, mammals and invertebrates occur in bofedales. They are used by humans, who have created new such wetlands through irrigation, but human activities can also be a threat to these ecosystems.
The Bug (horse)
The Bug (1943–1963) was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A specialist sprinter, he was trained first in Ireland and then in Britain during a racing career which lasted from 1945 until September 1947. After being beaten in his first three races he recorded ten consecutive victories including the Wokingham Stakes, July Cup, Nunthorpe Stakes, Diadem Stakes and Cork and Orrery Stakes. He was then injured and finished unplaced in his comeback race, ending with a record of ten wins from fourteen races. He was retired to stud where he had little success as a sire of winners.

British Champions Sprint Stakes
The British Champions Sprint Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.
Helianthus praecox
Helianthus praecox is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name Texas sunflower. It is endemic to Texas. Most of the populations are either along the Gulf Coast or in the Río Grande Valley.

Helianthus praecox grows on sandy soils and coastal prairies. It is an annual herb up to 150 cm (60 inches or 5 feet) tall. One plant usually produces 1-3 flower heads, each containing 11-16 yellow ray florets surrounding 35 or more red or purple disc florets.

Subspecies

Helianthus praecox subsp. hirtus (Heiser) Heiser - near Carrizo Springs in Dimmit County

Helianthus praecox subsp. praecox - sandy soils along the coast in Galveston County + Brazoria County

Helianthus praecox subsp. runyonii (Heiser) Heiser - Coastal prairies (from Calhoun County to Cameron County)  and Río Grande Valley (from Webb County to Cameron County)

Dimmit County, Texas
Dimmit County (/ˈdɪmɪt/ DIM-it) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 8,615. Its county seat is Carrizo Springs. The county was founded in 1858 and later organized in 1880. It is named after Philip Dimmitt, a major figure in the Texas Revolution. The spelling of the county name and the individual's name differ because of a spelling error in the bill creating the county name.
Tarneeb
Tarneeb (Arabic: طرنيب, romanized: ṭarnīb, lit. 'trump'), also spelled tarnibe and tarnib, and called hakam (حكم ḥakam) in the Arabian Peninsula, is a plain trick-taking card game played in various Middle Eastern countries, most notably in the countries of the Levant, and Tanzania. The game may be considered a variation of Whist, or a version of Spades.

Bidding (cards)
Bidding is the process in many card games, such as Skat, Pinochle, Binokel, Bridge, Solo Whist, Préférence, L’Hombre, Bauernschnapsen and most types of  Tarock, whereby players compete to be able to specify the type of contract, the trump cards and/or to be able to pick up a set of face-down cards known variously, for example, as the talon, skat, dabb.

Bidding is one of only two major innovations to traditional trick-taking games since they were invented; the other being the idea of a trump suit. The concept of bidding comes from the game known in Spain as Tresillo and elsewhere as Ombre or L'Hombre. Ombre emerged in Spain between 1600 and 1650 from the Spanish variant of Triomphe (Triumphus Hispanicus).