hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valneva COVID-19 vaccine
Valneva COVID-19 vaccine (VLA2001) is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by European specialty vaccine company Valneva SE in collaboration with the American biopharmaceutical company Dynavax Technologies.

In April 2022, the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approved the vaccine, being the first in the world to do so. It was authorized for medical use in the European Union in June 2022. It was authorized for medical use in the European Union in June 2022.

Withdrawal of the marketing authorisation for Valneva's COVID-19 vaccine was granted in Europe on 12 October 2023.

ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry of clinical trials. It is run by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health, and holds registrations from over 444,000 trials from 221 countries.
Stob Garbh
Stob Garbh is a mountain in the Scottish Highlands, part of the Grampian Mountains. It is a Munro top located in the Breadalbane area of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.

The mountain is 957.7 metres (3,142 ft 1 in) high. It is the 439th highest peak in the British Isles and the 419th tallest in Scotland. It has a cairn located at the peak, and is closest to the town of Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire.

Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire
Alexandria (Scots: The Vale, Scottish Gaelic: Alexandria) is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The town is on the River Leven, three miles (five kilometres) north of Dumbarton and 15 mi (24 km) north-west of Glasgow.
John Flynn's Grave Historical Reserve (Alice Springs)
John Flynn's Grave Historical Reserve, more commonly referred to as Flynn's Grave is the grave site of John Flynn who was an Australian Presbyterian minister who founded the Australian Inland Mission (AIM) and the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The grave, which is now a historical reserve, is located at the base of Mount Gillen on Larapinta Drive in the Alice Springs suburb of Flynn.

The grave is also used as a marker to the start of the informal walk to the summit of Mount Gillen.

Grave
A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as graveyards or cemeteries.

In some religions, it is believed that the body must be burned or cremated for the soul to survive; in others, the complete decomposition of the body is considered to be important for the rest of the soul (see bereavement).
Lockington Marshes
Lockington Marshes is an 11.3-hectare (28-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Ratcliffe on Soar in Leicestershire.

This site in the floodplains of the River Soar and River Trent has a periodically flooded meadow, pools and one of the largest areas of willow carr in the county. The invertebrate fauna includes nationally rare beetles and flies, and scarce species such as the water beetle Batenus livens and the weevil anthribus fasciatus.

The site is private land with no public access.

River Soar
The River Soar (/sɔːr/) is a major tributary of the River Trent in the East Midlands as well as the principal river of Leicestershire, England. The source of the river is midway between Hinckley and Lutterworth. The river then flows north through Leicester, where it is joined by the Grand Union Canal. Continuing on through the Leicestershire Soar Valley, it passes Loughborough and Kegworth until it reaches the Trent at the county boundary. In the 18th century, the Soar was made navigable, initially between Loughborough and the Trent, and then through to Leicester. It was not until the early 19th century that it was linked by the Grand Union Canal to the wider network to the south and to London.
Pramod Sah
Pramod Sah is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the People's Socialist Party, Nepal formerly serving as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election he was elected from the Sarlahi 1 constituency, securing 22036 (33.79%) votes.

Sarlahi 1 (constituency)
Sarlahi 1 is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Sarlahi District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Sharyl Attkisson
Sharyl Attkisson (born January 26, 1961) is an American journalist and television correspondent. She hosts the Sinclair Broadcast Group TV show Full Measure with Sharyl Attkisson.

Attkisson is a five-time Emmy Award winner, and a Radio Television Digital News Association (RTNDA) Edward R. Murrow Award recipient. She was formerly an investigative correspondent in the Washington bureau for CBS News and a substitute anchor for the CBS Evening News and then went to The Daily Signal, a news feed from think tank The Heritage Foundation.

Attkisson resigned from CBS News in 2014, after 21 years with the network. She later wrote the book Stonewalled, in which she alleged that CBS News failed to give sufficient coverage of Barack Obama controversies, such as the 2012 Benghazi attack. Attkisson has received criticism for publishing stories suggesting a possible link between vaccines and autism, a claim that has been rejected by the scientific community.

Edward R. Murrow Award (Radio Television Digital News Association)
The Radio Television Digital News Association (formerly the Radio-Television News Directors Association) has been honoring outstanding achievements in electronic journalism with the Edward R. Murrow Awards since 1971. The Murrow Awards recognize local and national news stories that uphold the RTDNA Code of Ethics, demonstrate technical expertise and exemplify the importance and impact of journalism as a service to the community. Murrow Award winning work demonstrates the excellence that Edward R. Murrow made a standard for the broadcast news profession.
Nepenthes rosea
Nepenthes rosea is a tropical pitcher plant known only from Krabi Province, Peninsular Thailand, where it grows at 450–520 m above sea level. Nepenthes rosea got its name from their pitchers which often have uniformly pink interiors. It has been seen growing in sand and humus in varying proportions, on both vertical and flat ground in clearings, scrubland, and open forests. Nepenthes rosea was formally described by Marcello Catalano and Trongtham Kruetreepradit in December 2014. It is unusual in that it sometimes produces a rosette along the peduncle. Nepenthes rosea belongs to the N. thorelii aggregate.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Raised coral atoll
A raised coral atoll or uplifted coral atoll is an atoll that has been lifted high enough above sea level by tectonic forces, protecting it from scouring by storms and enabling soils and diverse – often endemic – species of flora and fauna to develop. With the exception of Aldabra in the Indian Ocean and Henderson Island in the Pacific Ocean, most tropical raised atolls have been dramatically altered by human activities such as species introduction, phosphate mining, and even bomb testing.

Tectonic uplift
Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics. While isostatic response is important, an increase in the mean elevation of a region can only occur in response to tectonic processes of crustal thickening (such as mountain building events), changes in the density distribution of the crust and underlying mantle, and flexural support due to the bending of rigid lithosphere.

Tectonic uplift results in denudation (processes that wear away the earth's surface) by raising buried rocks closer to the surface. This process can redistribute large loads from an elevated region to a topographically lower area as well – thus promoting an isostatic response in the region of denudation (which can cause local bedrock uplift). The timing, magnitude, and rate of denudation can be estimated by geologists using pressure-temperature studies.
Arnar Freyr Arnarsson
Arnar Freyr Arnarsson (born 14 March 1996) is an Icelandic handball player for MT Melsungen and the Icelandic national team.

He participated at the 2017 and 2019 World Men's Handball Championships.

At the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship he finished 4th with Iceland, losing to Denmark in the semifinal and Croatia in the third-place playoff.

2019 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 26th event hosted by the International Handball Federation and held in Denmark and Germany from 10 to 27 January 2019. It was the first IHF World Men's Handball Championship to include more than one host country. It was also the first time a unified Korean team participated.

Denmark, in a clean sweep, won their first title by defeating Norway 31–22 in the final. This was Norway's second final in a row and the first final since 1995 between two nations who had not won before. France captured the bronze medal after a 26–25 win over Germany.

The tournament set a new spectator record with 906,283, helped by the fact that there were two home teams. Biggest number of spectator at single events was 19,250 at Germany's matches in the main round.
Tom Reason
Dr. Thomas Francis Reason (4 July 1890 – 15 February 1935) was a Welsh cricketer.  Reason was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Cadoxton, Glamorgan.

Reason made his debut for Glamorgan in the 1914 Minor Counties Championship against Monmouthshire. He played one further match for the county on 1914, before the season was cut short due to the start of the First World War.  Following the completion of his medical training at Guy's Hospital and the resumption of county cricket following the war, Reason once again played for Glamorgan.  In the 1920 Minor Counties Championship he represented the county in 6 matches, with his final Minor Counties appearance for the county coming against Devon.

Reason made his only first-class appearance for the county in 1923 against Somerset.

Reason died at Skewen, Glamorgan on 15 February 1935.

Cadoxton-juxta-Neath
Cadoxton (or in full Cadoxton-juxta-Neath) (Welsh: Llangatwg) is a village situated in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. Cadoxton is located just outside the town of Neath and borders the villages of Cilfrew and Bryncoch. The village has 1,684 residents and is located in the Cadoxton ward. Cadoxton elected a Liberal Democrat representative in the 2008 council elections.
Philip Ramos
Philip Ramos (born April 6, 1956) is an American politician currently representing the 6th District, including portions of Islip, Bay Shore, Brentwood, Central Islip and Islandia in Suffolk County on Long Island, in the New York Assembly. He is a Democrat.

Brentwood, New York
Brentwood is a hamlet in the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 62,387 at the 2020 Census, making it the most populous CDP in Suffolk County and on all of Long Island outside of New York City.
Duro Felguera
Duro Felguera, SA (BMAD: MDF) is an international business group with headquarters in the Science and Technology Park of Gijón, Asturias, Spain. It specializes in the implementation of turn key projects for the energy and industrial sectors, as well as the manufacturing of goods. Its origins date back to the Felguera Factory, hence its name, which was founded by Pedro Duro in 1858. The company specializes in equipment for refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, components for wind farms, tunneling machines and equipment for large laboratories and research centers and is responsible for engineering, procurement, construction, installation, operation and maintenance projects undertaken. Its president is Ángel Antonio del Valle.

Bolsa de Madrid
Bolsa de Madrid (Spanish pronunciation: [bolsa ðe ˈmaðɾið]; Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are located in Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao) that trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt. Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles.
FRSO
FRSO may stand for:

Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra

Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra

Freedom Road Socialist Organization

the French-speaking league of the Belgian Orienteering Federation (Fédération Régionale des Sports d'Orientation)

Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra
The Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (Finnish: Radion sinfoniaorkesteri, Swedish: Radions symfoniorkester; abbreviated as RSO) is a Finnish broadcast orchestra based in Helsinki, and the orchestra of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Yle). The orchestra primarily gives concerts at the Helsinki Music Centre. Primary funding comes from television licence fees from the Finnish population.
1824 Constitution of Mexico
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Spanish: Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was the first constitution of Mexico, enacted on October 4 of 1824, inaugurating the First Mexican Republic.

Miguel Ramos Arizpe
Don Miguel Ramos Arizpe (February 15, 1775 in Valle de San Nicolás, (near Saltillo) Coahuila –  April 28, 1843 in Mexico City) was a Mexican priest and politician, and known as "the father of Mexican federalism."
Aldo Giuffrè
Aldo Giuffrè (10 April 1924 – 26 June 2010) was an Italian film actor and comedian who appeared in over 90 films between 1948 and 2001. He was the brother of actor Carlo Giuffrè.

He is known for his roles in The Four Days of Naples, and as the alcoholic Captain Clinton of the Union Army in the Sergio Leone film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966.

Giuffrè died in Rome in 2010 of peritonitis. He is buried at Cimitero Flaminio in Rome.

Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One part or the entire abdomen may be tender. Complications may include shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis is generally based on examination, blood tests, and medical imaging.

Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery. Other measures may include a nasogastric tube or blood transfusion. Without treatment death may occur within a few days. About 20% of people with cirrhosis who are hospitalized have peritonitis.
Atanu Roy
Atanu Roy (born 1952) is an Indian illustrator and cartoonist from New Delhi, who has illustrated more than a hundred books for children. Roy studied at the Delhi College of Art, and illustrated his first book while he was still a student, a black and white book about the history of transportation. After graduating, he worked with publishers Rajpal & Sons, where he did book covers and illustrated the works of writers such as Amrita Pritam and Agyeya. He then worked with the India Today group as art director of the children’s magazine Target, where he also illustrated the joke pages. He has received many international awards and prizes for cartooning and illustration.

College of Art, Delhi
College of Art, Delhi (ISO: Lalita Kalā Mahāvidyālaya, Dillī) is an art college for advanced training in visual arts established in 1942 under the arts department of the Delhi College of Engineering (now Delhi Technological University). One of the oldest art colleges of India, it is run by the Government of NCT Delhi, and has been affiliated to Delhi University since 1972.  It is situated on Tilak Marg, near the Supreme Court of India.
Jacob B. Jackson
Jacob Beeson Jackson (April 6, 1829 – December 11, 1893) was the sixth governor of West Virginia from 1881 to 1885.  In 1855, he married Maria Willard.
In his biography it is stated that he was a cousin of Stonewall Jackson.  An examination of their family trees shows that the two men were second cousins once removed.  He was also a 4th-cousin-once-removed to William Wirt Woodson who was Stonewall Jackson's half brother.

He was a son of General John Jay Jackson and his brothers were Federal Judge John Jay Jackson, Jr. and Circuit Judge and Congressman James M. Jackson.  The Jackson Memorial Fountain at Parkersburg, West Virginia is dedicated to the Jackson family.

Parkersburg, West Virginia
Parkersburg is a city in Wood County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Kanawha rivers, it is the state's fourth-most populous city and the center of the Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area. The city's population was 29,749 at the 2020 census, and its metro population was 89,490.
Jagged array
In computer science, a jagged  array, also known as a ragged  array or irregular array is an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths, producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. In contrast, two-dimensional arrays are always rectangular so jagged arrays should not be confused with multidimensional arrays, but the former is often used to emulate the latter.

Jagged  array can be implemented with Iliffe vector data structure in languages such as Java, PHP, Python (multidimensional lists), Ruby, C#.NET, Visual Basic.NET, Perl, JavaScript, Objective-C, Swift, and Atlas Autocode.

Atlas Autocode
Atlas Autocode (AA) is a programming language developed around 1963 at the University of Manchester. A variant of the language ALGOL, it was developed by Tony Brooker and Derrick Morris for the Atlas computer. The initial AA and AB compilers were written by Jeff Rohl and Tony Brooker using the Brooker-Morris Compiler-compiler, with a later hand-coded non-CC implementation (ABC) by Jeff Rohl.

The word Autocode was basically an early term for programming language. Different autocodes could vary greatly.
2026 GR Cup
The 2026 GR Cup (known for commercial reasons as the 2026 Toyota Gazoo Racing Australia GR Cup) is a motor racing competition for Toyota 86 race cars. It is the ninth running of the GR Cup. The season started at Sydney Motorsport Park on 20 February and will conclude at Sandown Raceway on 15 November.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
Gyanesh Kumar
Gyanesh Kumar  (born 27 January 1964) is the current  chief election commissioner of India, and the first to be appointed under the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023. He has previously served as an election commissioner and as an IAS officer. He came under scrutiny during the 2025 Indian electoral controversy, where the Election Commission of India (ECI) was accused of collusion with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of having engaged in electoral fraud in the 2024 Indian general election.

In December 2025, Gyanesh Kumar become the chaiman of the council of member states of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) for 2026. He assumed the role during his visit of Stockholm, Sweden on the 3 December 2025.

Election Commissioner of India
The Election Commissioners of India are the members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections in India. An election commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a three member committee headed by the Prime Minister of India. The term of an election commissioner can be a maximum of six years or till he/she attains sixty five years of age. Election Commissioners are usually members of the Indian Civil Service.
Jeff Faulkner
Jeffrey E. Faulkner (born April 4, 1964) is an American Virgin Islander former professional football defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Kansas City Chiefs, Indianapolis Colts, Phoenix Cardinals, New Orleans Saints, Washington Redskins, and the New York Jets. He also played in the Arena Football League (AFL) for the Chicago Bruisers, Orlando Predators, and the Milwaukee Mustangs. He played college football at Southern University. He is distinguished as being the first Virgin Islander and St. Thomian to play in the NFL.

Milwaukee Mustangs (1994–2001)
The Milwaukee Mustangs were a professional arena football team based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The team was a member of the Arena Football League, playing from 1994 to 2001. The owner of the Mustangs was Andrew Vallozzi. The Mustangs played their home games at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi
Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (Arabic: ﺍﺣﻤﺪ بن الحسن الكلبي) was the second Kalbid Emir of Sicily. He was the son of the first Kalbid emir, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi, who ruled the island on behalf of the Fatimid Caliphate. Ahmad succeeded his father in May 953 until 968, apart from a brief interruption in 958/9. In the 960s, he led the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily by capturing the last Byzantine strongholds of Taormina and Rometta and defeating a Byzantine relief expedition. He was recalled to Ifriqiya to participate in the upcoming Fatimid conquest of Egypt, and died there shortly after.

Taormina
Taormina (UK: /ˌtɑːɔːrˈmiːnə/ TAH-or-MEE-nə, US: /-nɑː/ -⁠nah, also /taʊərˈ-/, Italian: [ta.orˈmiːna]; Sicilian: Taurmina) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy. Taormina has been a tourist destination since the 19th century. Its beaches on the Ionian Sea, including that of Isola Bella, are accessible via an aerial tramway built in 1992, and via highways from Messina in the north and Catania in the south.
Syed Mohamed bin Ahmed Alsagoff
Syed Mohamed bin Syed Ahmad Alsagoff (Arabic: سيد محمد بن سيد أحمد السقاف Sayyid Muḥammad bin Sayyid Aḥmad as-saqqāf) (1836 – July 3, 1906) was an Arab Muslim born in Singapore who was known as Nong Chik.

He was the most prominent member of the Alsagoff family. He received two land concessions from Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor; one in Kukup where he could print his own currency and the other in Kampong Nong Chik.

He was also involved in Singapore's civil service undertaking several diplomatic posts. The first post he held was the Ottoman consul, where the Osmanieh Order inducted him into their ranks after he became consul. Syed Mohamed was also asked to conduct diplomacy on behalf of the Sultanate of Aceh during its conflict with the Dutch.

He died on July 3, 1906. After his death, his sons developed the Bukit Tunggal Estate in the 1920s. The Madrasah Alsagoff Al-Arabiah (founded in 1912) was built according to his will.

Singapore–Turkey relations
Singapore–Turkey relations are the bilateral relations between Singapore and Turkey. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 12 February 1969. Singapore has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Singapore.