hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Foot Guards (German Empire)
The 4th Foot Guards were an infantry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed in 1860. It served with the Guards Corps in the Second Schleswig War, the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War, and World War I. The regiment was disbanded in June 1919.

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck started his career in the 4th Foot Guards.

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck (popularly known as the Lion of Africa (German: Löwe von Afrika; 20 March 1870 – 9 March 1964), was a general in the Imperial German Army and the commander of its forces in the German East Africa campaign. For four years, with a force of about 14,000 (3,000 Germans and 11,000 Africans), he held in check a much larger force of 300,000 British, Indian, Belgian, and Portuguese troops. He is known for never being defeated or captured in battle.

Lettow-Vorbeck was the only German commander to successfully invade a part of the British Empire during the First World War. His exploits in the campaign have been described by historian Edwin Palmer Hoyt as "the greatest single guerrilla operation in history, and the most successful".: 229
Luka Žvižej
Luka Žvižej (born 9 December 1980) is a retired Slovenian handball player. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where Slovenia placed 11th. Žvižej also represented the national team at the 2012 European Men's Handball Championship, the 2013 World Championship, the 2015 World Championship, and the 2016 European Championship.

2013 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2013 World Men's Handball Championship was the 23rd World Men's Handball Championship, an international handball tournament that took place in Spain from 11 to 27 January 2013.  This was the first time Spain hosted the World Men's Handball Championship, becoming the twelfth country to host the competition.

Spain won the title, beating Denmark in the final 35–19. It was Denmark's second final in a row.
Cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain. It extends rostrocaudally through the entirety of the more posterior part of the midbrain. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray (central gray), a layer of gray matter.

Congenital stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct is a cause of congenital hydrocephalus.

It is named for Franciscus Sylvius.

Grey matter
Grey matter (gray matter in American English) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axons. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/ PEE-tə; styled PeTA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and originally led by Ingrid Newkirk, its co-founder.

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case. The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.

The organization's controversial campaigns have been credited with drawing media attention to animal rights issues, but have also been widely criticized for their disruptive nature. Its use of euthanasia has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.

Rubber chicken
A rubber chicken is a prop used in comedy. The phrase is also used as a description for food served at speeches, conventions, and other large meetings, and as a metaphor for speechmaking. A example of a  game using a rubber chicken is Chuck the Chicken, which a pair of teams compete.
Oskar Gross
Oskar Gross (1871 - 1963) was an artist in Germany and the United States. Born in Vienna, he worked in Munich before moving to the United States. His work included decorative murals in buildings for Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan and George C. Nimmons He was also a portraitist.

He was born in Vienna in 1871. He won a competition in 1898 to paint murals for the Austro-Hungarian state pavilions at the World’s Fair in Paris. This led to an offer to work in Chicago.

He did paintings for Sullivan's National Farmers Bank in Owatonna, Minnesota, and interior paintings for Chicago's Franklin Building.

He returned to portrait painting after 1920. His work includes a portrait of Dankmar Adler displayed in the lobby of Roosevelt University.

He died in Chicago in 1963.

Roosevelt University
Roosevelt University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1945, it was named in honor of United States president Franklin Delano Roosevelt and first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. The university consists of four colleges: the Chicago College of Performing Arts; the College of Humanities, Education & Social Sciences; the College of Science, Health and Pharmacy; and the Walter E. Heller College of Business.

The university also has a campus in Schaumburg, Illinois. The university's newest academic building, Wabash, is located in the Loop in downtown Chicago. It is the tallest educational building in Chicago, the second tallest educational building in the United States, and the fourth-largest academic complex in the world.
Rise Pantheon Dreams
Rise Pantheon Dreams is a compilation album by the British gothic metal band The Blood Divine. It features tracks from both the band's albums Mystica and Awaken, plus some previously unreleased material.

The title was originally intended to be used by Anathema for the album that became The Silent Enigma after the departure of vocalist Darren White.

It was given a five out of ten rating by Chronicles of Chaos.

Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)
Chronicles of Chaos (shortened as CoC) was an extreme metal webzine. It focused on artists that are generally outside the metal mainstream, and occasionally covers other forms of extreme music as well. Online since August 1995, Chronicles of Chaos was one of the first webzines in the world for that genre of music. It has been a nonprofit publication since its inception. Chronicles of Chaos stopped publishing new articles in August 2015.
Grand-Métis
Grand-Métis (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ metis]) is a municipality in the La Mitis Regional County Municipality within the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. It is situated where the Mitis River meets the Saint Lawrence River, and was developed from 1818 by the pioneering John MacNider.

The names "Métis" and "Mitis" are said to come from a Mi'kmaq word meaning "meeting place" or another referring to willow or poplar trees.

Mi'kmaq language
Miꞌkmaq (/ˈmɪɡmɑː/ MIG-mah; Mi'kmaq: [miːɡmax]) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Miꞌkmaq in Canada and the United States; the total ethnic Miꞌkmaq population is roughly 20,000.

The native name of the language is Lnuismk, Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk or Miꞌkmwei (in some dialects). The word Miꞌkmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular miꞌkm); the adjectival form is Miꞌkmaw.
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced Micmac /ˈmɪkmæk/ in English. Contemporary spellings include Migmaw and Mikmaw in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw and Mìgmao in Miꞌkmaq.
1953 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1953 Cyclo-cross World Championship was the fourth edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

It was held on March 8th in Oñati, Spain. A course of just over five kilometers had to be lapped four times, bringing the total distance for this edition to almost 22 kilometers. Forty-three riders from ten countries had registered. The participants from West Germany and Saarland participated as amateurs.

Forty-two riders started. German Zeissner had fallen during the training session beforehand. For the third time, after 1950 and 1951, three French riders stood on the podium. Roger Rondeaux won his third consecutive title.

Roger Rondeaux
Roger Rondeaux (15 April 1920 – 24 January 1999) was a French cyclo-cross cyclist, who was a professional from 1947 to 1958. Rondeaux won the World Cyclo-cross Championships three times in 1951, 1952, and 1953, and was the French national champion seven times between 1947 and 1954. Rondeaux had been beaten in the first edition of the Cyclo-cross world championships by Jean Robic in a sprint.
The Sealed Room (1909 film)
The Sealed Room (also known as The Sealed Door) is an eleven-minute film released in September 1909. Produced by the Biograph Company and directed by D. W. Griffith, the drama's cast includes Arthur V. Johnson, Marion Leonard, Henry B. Walthall, Mary Pickford, and Mack Sennett. It was distributed to theaters on a split-reel with another film, the three-minute comedy short The Little Darling.

The story draws from Honoré de Balzac's La Grande Bretêche and Edgar Allan Poe's The Cask of Amontillado, both of which inspired the film's central theme of immurement.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Resurrectionists (Catholic)
The Resurrectionists, officially named the Congregation of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Latin: Congregatio a Resurrectione Domini Nostri Jesu Christi; abbreviated CR), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men. It was founded in 1836 by three men: Bogdan Jański, Peter Semenenko and Hieronim Kajsiewicz on the heels of the Polish Great Emigration.

Pontifical right
In Catholicism, "of pontifical right" is the term given to ecclesiastical institutions (religious and secular institutes, societies of apostolic life) either created by the Holy See, or approved by it with the formal decree known by the Latin name decretum laudis ('decree of praise'). The term is included in the names of institutions, often capitalised in English: "Institute of [xxx] of Pontifical Right".

The institutions of pontifical right depend immediately and exclusively on the Holy See on matters of internal governance and discipline.
Burbunga nanda
Burbunga nanda, also known as the charcoal screamer, is a species of cicada in the true cicada family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1964 by Australian entomologist Alexander Noble Burns.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Kuusamojärvi
Kuusamojärvi is a lake in Finland. It is situated in the town of Kuusamo in the Northern Ostrobothnia region in northern Finland.

The lake is a part of the Kem River basin that drains into the White Sea in the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Ardatov Urban Settlement
Ardatov Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Ardatov Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of district significance of Ardatov in Ardatovsky District of the Republic of Mordovia is incorporated as

Ardatov Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Ardatov in Ardatovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is incorporated as

Mordovia
Mordovia (/mɔːrˈdoʊvɪə/ mor-DOH-vee-ə), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians (53.1%) and Mordvins (39.8%) account for the majority of the population.
Dorothy Marshall (chemist)
Dorothy Blanche Louisa Marshall (12 December 1868 – 1966) was a British chemist who worked at Girton, Avery Hill and the National Physical Laboratory.  In 1904, she signed a petition for women to be admitted as Fellows of the Chemical Society.

Avery Hill
Avery Hill is an area of South East London mainly within Royal Borough of Greenwich, and with some parts in the London Borough of Bexley. It is located east of Eltham and north west of Sidcup. It is believed that the area is named after an aviary formerly located in the area.
Levaillant Louis-Jeune
Levaillant Louis-Jeune is a Haitian politician who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies.

He was born in 1963. He is a lawyer and former professor. He has represented several political groups, such as PANPRA, CPP (Concertation of Progressive Parliamentarians) and INITE.

Louis-Jeune was elected as a deputy to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006 under the list of Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats. He was elected as President of the Chamber of Deputies from January 2009 to April 2011, and again from January 2012 to January 2013. He was publicly in opposition to President Martelly.

Haitians
Haitians (Haitian Creole: Ayisyen, French: Haïtiens) are the citizens and nationals of Haiti. The Haitian people have their origins in West and Central Africa with the most spoken language being Haitian Creole. The larger Haitian diaspora includes individuals that trace ancestry to Haiti and self-identify as Haitian but are not necessarily Haitian by citizenship. The United States and the Dominican Republic have the largest Haitian populations in the world after Haiti.

An ethnonational group, Haitians generally comprise the modern descendants of self-liberated Africans in the Caribbean territory historically referred to as Saint-Domingue. This includes the mulatto minority who denote corresponding European ancestry, notably from French settlers.
Australian Hard Court Championships
The Australian Hard Court Championships was a former professional tennis tournament established in 1938 and held until 2008. The event was played on clay courts until 1977 when it switched to hard courts. The tournament was a combined event for men and women until the end of the 1980s. In 2009, Tennis Australia merged the separate men's and women's tournaments into a new combined tournament called the Brisbane International.

Uncle Tobys
Uncle Tobys is an Australian food manufacturing company which specialises in breakfast oat products. Since its foundation in 1861, the company has expanded its product range across the cereal and ready-to-eat snack market. Uncle Tobys is a subsidiary of Nestlé, after being acquired in 2006. Uncle Tobys’ main factory is situated in the town of Wahgunyah, Victoria.
Little Dixie (film)
Little Dixie is a 2023 American crime thriller film written and directed by John Swab. It stars Frank Grillo, Eric Dane, Beau Knapp, Annabeth Gish, Peter Greene, Thomas Dekker, Mercedes Mason, and Maurice Compte.

The film premiered at the 2023 International Film Festival Rotterdam, and was released in select theaters and video on demand in the United States on February 3, 2023, by Paramount Pictures.

Peter Greene
Peter Green (May 10, 1959 – December 12, 2025), known professionally as Peter Greene, was an American actor. A character actor, he was generally known for portraying villains. He was best known for his roles in the 1994 films The Mask, in which he played the main antagonist Dorian Tyrell, and Pulp Fiction, where he portrayed Zed, a sadistic security guard.

Greene's other credits included Laws of Gravity (1992), Judgment Night (1993), Clean, Shaven (1994), Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995), and The Usual Suspects (1995). He later appeared in Kiss & Tell (1997), Blue Streak (1999), Training Day (2001), The Black Donnellys (2007), Life on Mars (2009), New York New York (2016), and The Continental (2023).
Provoke (horse)
Provoke (foaled 1962) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from autumn 1964 until September 1965, he ran seven times and won four races. He won the Classic St Leger as a three-year-old in 1965, defeating Meadow Court by ten lengths. He was later exported to stand as a stallion in the Soviet Union.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Hibbertia microphylla
Hibbertia microphylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with weakly ascending stems, broadly egg-shaped to elliptic leaves and yellow flowers, usually with ten stamens and up to nine staminodes arranged on one side of, and leaning over the two densely hairy carpels.

Staminode
In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.  Staminodes are frequently inconspicuous and stamen-like, usually occurring at the inner whorl of the flower, but are also sometimes long enough to protrude from the corolla.

Sometimes, the staminodes are modified to produce nectar, as in the witch-hazel (Hamamelis).

Staminodes can be a critical characteristic for differentiating between species, for  instance in the orchid genus Paphiopedilum, and among the penstemons.

In the case of cannas, the petals are inconsequential and the staminodes are refined into eye-catching petal-like replacements.

A spectacular example of staminode is given by Couroupita guianensis, a tropical tree growing in South America also known as the cannonball tree.
A Virtuous Vamp
A Virtuous Vamp is a 1919 American silent comedy film produced by and starring Constance Talmadge that was directed by David Kirkland and Sidney Franklin. It was written by Anita Loos and John Emerson based on the 1909 play The Bachelor by Clyde Fitch.

On December 18, 2013, the Library of Congress announced that this film had been selected for the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

David Kirkland
David Kirkland (November 26, 1878 – October 27, 1964) was an American actor and film director of the silent and early sound eras.

He was cast as Dr. Dopem in the Snakeville comedy series and directed several Keystone Studios comedy films. He was a pallbearer at Virginia Rappe's funeral. Kirkland's 1920 film The Perfect Woman was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2017.
Tyneham Cap
Tyneham Cap is a prominent, grassy knoll, 167 metres (548 ft) high, on the South West Coast Path in Dorset, England. It rises above Brandy Bay and has extensive views along the Jurassic Coast across Kimmeridge Bay towards Swyre Head and St Aldhelm's Head to the east, and across Worbarrow Bay to Bindon Hill above Lulworth Cove to the west. It is classified as a TuMP thanks to its local prominence.

Lulworth Cove
Lulworth Cove is a cove near the village of West Lulworth, on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset, southern England. It is privately owned by the Weld family along with Durdle Door and the Lulworth Estate. The cove is one of the world's finest examples of such a landform, and is a World Heritage Site and tourist location with approximately 500,000 visitors every year, of whom about 30 per cent visit in July and August. It is close to the rock arch of Durdle Door and other Jurassic Coast sites.
Ayrton Drugs
Ayrton Drug Manufacturing Limited was a Ghanaian pharmaceutical company. It was established on September 24, 1965. The business entity was listed on the stock index of the Ghana Stock Exchange, the GSE All-Share Index.
The factory it ran is based in Tesano, a suburb of Accra. The company's product portfolio included anti-hypertensives, hematinics, dermatological preparations, antibiotics, dewormers, pain killers and anti-inflammatory drugs. In February 2010 Adcock Ingram, a South African pharmaceutical company acquired 66% shares in the company.

In January 2020, Ayrton Drug Manufacturing Limited and two other domestic pharmaceutical companies, Dannex Limited and Starwin Products Limited, had already merged and listed on the GSE as DAS Pharma.

Adcock Ingram
Adcock Ingram is a South African pharmaceutical manufacturer listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Adcock Ingram manufactures and markets healthcare products to both the private and public sectors.
HMS Turbulent
Five vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Turbulent:

HMS Turbulent (1805) was a Confounder-class gun-brig launched in 1805, captured by the Danes in 1808 and sold in 1814

HMS Turbulent (1916) was a Talisman-class destroyer launched in 1916. She served in World War I and was sunk at the Battle of Jutland on 1 June 1916

HMS Turbulent (1919) was an S-class destroyer launched in 1919 and sold in 1936

HMS Turbulent (N98) was a T-class submarine launched in 1941. She served in World War II and was sunk by either depth charges or a mine in the Mediterranean in May 1943

HMS Turbulent (S87) was a Trafalgar-class submarine launched in 1982 and decommissioned in 2012

S-class destroyer (1917)
The S class (initially known as the Modified Trenchant class) was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s.  Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.