hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pivaldehyde
Pivaldehyde is an organic compound, more specifically an aldehyde. Shown in the infobox image is a line-angle representation of this organic aldehyde, whose systematic name, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, is based on the longest carbon chain (three carbon atoms), ending in "-al" to indicate the aldehyde functionality, and where another descriptive synonym is trimethylacetaldehyde. Pivaldehyde is an example of an aldehyde attached to a sterically bulky R group, the tertiary butyl group (carbon attached to with 3 methyl groups).

Steric effects
Steric effects  arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and reactivity of molecules. Steric repulsive forces between overlapping electron clouds result in structured groupings of molecules stabilized by the way that unlike charges attract and like charges repel.
The Ally Challenge
The Ally Challenge presented by McLaren is a PGA Tour Champions event at Warwick Hills Golf and Country Club in Grand Blanc Township, Michigan, just south of Flint, which debuted in September 2018. The tournament is sponsored by Grand Blanc-based McLaren Health Care. Detroit-based Ally Financial is the title sponsor. Beyond the tournament, the Ally Challenge event includes a pro-am on Wednesday and Thursday, Friday's Concert @ 17, and Saturday's Ally Community Concert.

Since its inception in 2018, the tournament has donated more than $9.6 million to support charity.

Grand Blanc, Michigan
Grand Blanc is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Flint. The population was 7,784 as of the 2020 US census. It is part of the Flint metropolitan area. The city is surrounded by Grand Blanc Township but is administratively autonomous.
Live at Topanga Corral
Live at Topanga Corral is a 1971 live album by American blues rock band Canned Heat. It was taken from a 1968 concert at the Kaleidoscope in Hollywood, California, and not at the Topanga Corral as the title suggests. Canned Heat was under contract to Liberty Records at the time and Liberty did not want to do a live album, so manager Skip Taylor told Liberty that the album had been recorded in 1966 and 1967 at the Topanga Corral and released the record with Wand Records to avoid legal complications. The record has been bootlegged and reissued countless times, and is also known as Live at the Kaleidoscope.

Wand Records
Wand Records was an American independent record label, started by Florence Greenberg in 1961 as a subsidiary of Scepter Records. Artists on Wand Records included The Isley Brothers, The Kingsmen, Mel Wynn & the Rhythm Aces, Chuck Jackson, and the Monzas.

In 1976, Greenberg retired from the business and sold her record labels to Springboard International. When Springboard went bankrupt, Gusto Records acquired the catalog. The Kingsmen acquired full ownership of their Wand catalog in court from Gusto for non-payment of royalties.
Azrael (Gotham episode)
"Azrael" is the nineteenth episode of the second season, and 41st episode overall from the Fox series Gotham. The episode was written by co-producer Jim Barnes and co-executive producer Ken Woodruff and directed by Larysa Kondracki. It was first broadcast on May 2, 2016. In the episode, Theo Galavan is finally resurrected and begins a killing spree across Gotham City, calling himself "Azrael" while Gordon and Bruce try to arrest Dr. Hugo Strange for his involvement in the resurrection and his inhuman experiments.

The episode received critical acclaim, with Azrael's introduction receiving the most recognition. The episode received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Series (One Hour)
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Series (One Hour) is an annual award presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards. From 1971 until 2008, all single-camera series competed together in a combined category. Awards for one-hour and half-hour series were divided in 2008 and the category ran until 2010. From 2011 to 2016, the awards were again combined for all single-camera series. They were redivided in 2017.
Five Corners (film)
Five Corners is a 1987 American independent crime drama film, directed by Tony Bill, written by John Patrick Shanley, and starring Jodie Foster, Tim Robbins, John Turturro, and Rodney Harvey. The film depicts 48 hours in the lives of a group of four young New Yorkers in the 1960s.

Five Corners was released in limited theatres in the United States on January 22, 1988. The film received generally positive reviews from critics but was a financial disappointment, grossing $969,205 in its limited run against a budget of $5.5 million. At the 4th Independent Spirit Awards, Foster won for Best Female Lead, while Turturro was nominated for Best Supporting Male.

It has been misconstrued as a public domain film and pirated by many distributors who released poor quality VHS and DVD printings. However, as per The Copyright Office, copyright is registered under Paragon Entertainment Corporation.

Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
The Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male was one of the annual Independent Spirit Awards. It was first presented in 1987, with Morgan Freeman being the first recipient, for his role as Fast Black in Street Smart. It was last presented in 2022 with Troy Kotsur being the final recipient of the award for his role in CODA.

In 2022, it was announced that the four acting categories would be retired and replaced with two gender neutral categories, with both Best Supporting Male and Best Supporting Female merging into the Best Supporting Performance category.

Steve Buscemi, Willem Dafoe and Benicio del Toro are the only actors who have received this award more than once, with two wins each.
Bernhard Adelung
Bernhard Adelung (30 November 1876, Bremen – 24 February 1943, Darmstadt) was social democratic politician and President of the republic in the Peoples State of Hesse from 1928 to 1933.

After completing his apprenticeship as a typesetter and a period of travel he settled in Mainz where he married Johanna Gross the daughter of the owner of the Mainkette shipping company. He became active in the workers movement and was appointed editor of the Mainzer Volkszeitung. The following year he was imprisoned in Butzbach for three months for writing an article critical of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

He was elected to the State parliament of the Grand Duchy of Hesse on 1 December 1903.

Butzbach
Butzbach (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊtsbax] ⓘ) is a town in the Wetteraukreis district in Hessen, Germany. It is located approximately 16 km south of Gießen and 35 km north of Frankfurt am Main.

In 2007, the town hosted the 47th Hessentag state festival from 1 to 10 June.

The "Landgrafenschloss" ("landgraves' castle"), used by the United States Army until 1990, is now utilized by the city council. The so-called "Roman Way Housing" of the United States Army with more than 1000 apartments was returned to the German Government in October 2007 and since has been renovated and rented out to the public. The town's market place is enclosed by timber framing. The "Schrenzer" hill (or Heidelbeerberg, 385 m) overlooks the town and the country north of Frankfurt, called Wetterau. Another much higher mountain nearby is the Hausberg which features a look-out tower.
The Cloud Room (album)
The Cloud Room is the first album by the Cloud Room, released in 2005. Stuart Mason of AllMusic called the opening track and lead single, "Hey Now Now", "one of the great alt-pop singles of the first half of 2005.". The song was also used in advertising for the carbonated drink Pepsi.

The Cloud Room
The Cloud Room is an American band based in Brooklyn, New York, named after the Prohibition-era speakeasy at the top of the Chrysler Building. Their self-titled album was released in 2005 and contains the hit "Hey Now Now", a song that garnered the band rapid popularity on MP3 blogs but, being an indie release, had difficulty getting airplay on Commercial American radio.
Sulayman Al-Bassam
Sulayman Al Bassam (born 1 June 1972), is a Kuwaiti playwright, theatre director and actor. His plays, written and published in English, are produced in Arabic, English, French, and German. His works have been performed at international venues, including the Brooklyn Academy of Music (USA), The Holland Festival (EU), Tokyo International Festival (Japan), and La Comédie-Française (France).

His 2007 production of Richard III: An Arab Tragedy premiered at the Royal Shakespeare Company and his 2013 production of Ritual for a Metamorphosis by Syrian playwright Saadallah Al Wannous for La Comédie-Française, entered the company's repertoire.

Holland Festival
The Holland Festival (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɔlɑnt ˈfɛstivɑl]) is the oldest and largest performing arts festival in the Netherlands. It takes place every June in Amsterdam. It comprises theatre, music, opera and modern dance. In recent years, multimedia, visual arts, film and architecture were added to the festival roster.

Performances take place in Amsterdam venues such as the city theatre, the opera, the Concertgebouw and Muziekgebouw concert halls and the Westergas factory site. Each edition is loosely themed, and the programme features both contemporary work and classical pieces presented with a modern edge.
Chinese Sociological Review
The Chinese Sociological Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of sociology, with a specific focus on Chinese societies (the mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and abroad). The journal was established in 1968 as Chinese Sociology & Anthropology, obtaining its current name in 2011 (《中华社会学评论》in Chinese). It is published by Routledge and since 2011 the editor-in-chief is Xiaogang Wu (New York University Shanghai and New York University). The journal is sponsored by Shanghai University and New York University Shanghai. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.667, ranking it 29th out of 148 journals in the category "Sociology".

Shanghai University
Shanghai University (SHU) is a municipal public university in Shanghai, China. It is owned by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Shanghai University maintains four campuses: Baoshan Campus, Jiading Campus, Yanchang Campus (in Jing'an), Xinzha Campus, and Tokyo Campus.
Drude
In German folklore, a drude (German: Drude, German: [ˈdʁuːdə], pl. Druden) is a kind of malevolent nocturnal spirit (an alp, kobold or hag) associated with nightmares, prevalent especially in Southern Germany.  Druden were said to participate in the Wild Hunt and were considered a particular class of demon in Alfonso de Spina's hierarchy. The word also came to be used as a generic term for "witch" in the 16th century (Hans Sachs).

The word is attested as the Middle High German trute, and in early modern lexicography and down to the 19th century, it was popularly associated with the word druid, without any etymological justification – its actual origin is unknown. Jacob Grimm suggests derivation from a euphemistic trût  (modern traut, meaning "dear, beloved; intimate"), but cites as an alternative suggestion a relation to the valkyrie's name Þrúðr. If so it is natural to connect the druden with the daughter of the chieftain of the gods in the Norse religion, Thor, and his wife Sif.

Sif
In Norse mythology, Sif is a golden-haired goddess associated with earth. Sif is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds. In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, she is known for her golden hair and is married to the thunder god Thor.

The Prose Edda recounts that Sif once had her hair shorn by Loki, and that Thor forced Loki to have a golden headpiece made for Sif, resulting in not only Sif's golden tresses but also five other objects for other gods. Sif is also named in the Prose Edda as the mother of Þrúðr (by Thor) and Ullr.

Scholars have proposed that Sif's hair may represent fields of golden wheat, that she may be associated with fertility, family, wedlock and/or that she is connected to rowan, and that there may be an allusion to her role or possibly her name in the Old English poem Beowulf.
Peter Kloeppel
Peter Gert Johannes Kloeppel (born 14 October 1958) is a German journalist and former chief editor of RTL Television. Until 2024, he was chief anchor of RTL's flagship daily television news program RTL aktuell.

RTL (German TV channel)
RTL (from Radio Télévision Luxembourg), formerly RTL plus and RTL Television, is a German-language free-to-air television channel owned by RTL Deutschland, headquartered in Cologne. Founded as an offshoot of the German-language radio programme Radio Luxemburg, RTL is considered a full-service broadcaster under the Medienstaatsvertrag (Interstate Media Treaty) and is the largest private television network in Germany. As of August 2010, RTL employs some 500 permanent staff, having outsourced its news and technical departments.

In September 2021, Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland (RTL Germany Media Group) was renamed RTL Deutschland. As part of the rebrand, both the group and the channel received new logos and branding.
The Storholmen Brothers
The Storholmen Brothers (Swedish: Pojkarna på Storholmen) is a 1932 Swedish black-and-white comedy film. It was directed by and starred Sigurd Wallén and Fridolf Rhudin, two of the big names of Swedish film in the early 20th century. Pojkarna på Storholmen is one of the greatest box office hits in the history of the leading Swedish film studio Svensk Filmindustri, and generally regarded as one of the best Fridolf Rhudin comedies.

Sture Lagerwall
Sture Lagerwall (13 December 1908 – 1 November 1964) was a Swedish actor and film director. He appeared in more than 70 films between 1931 and 1963. He was born in Stockholm, and died in Limhamn, Sweden, in 1964.
Phil S. Baran
Phil S. Baran (born August 10, 1977) is a synthetic organic chemist and Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute. His work is focused on synthesizing complex natural products, the development of new reaction methodologies within synthetic organic electrochemistry, and the development of new reagents. He holds several patents and has authored over 300 research articles.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
October 1679 English general election
The October 1679 English general election returned a majority of members in favour of the Exclusion Bill. Consequently, this parliament  was known as the Exclusion Bill Parliament. It did not assemble until 21 October 1680, and was dissolved three months later on 18 January 1681.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Nellie Cameron
Nellie Cameron (born Ellen Katherine Kelly; 1910 – 8 November 1953), known as "The Kiss of Death Girl", was a notorious Sydney prostitute in the 1920s and 1930s, who was featured extensively in the 2011 Australian television mini-series Underbelly: Razor. Cameron was associated with the cocaine-fuelled ravages of the razor gang violence of that era, commonly associated with her contemporaries Tilly Devine and Kate Leigh, both criminal entrepreneurs who controlled much of Sydney's illegal sex industry and Sly-grog distribution during that period. Nellie Cameron received 73 criminal convictions during her life of crime, mainly for soliciting and vagrancy, and had the distinction of becoming the first woman in Australia to be convicted of consorting with criminals.

East Sydney (locality)
East Sydney is a small inner-city locality in Sydney, Australia. It is situated immediately east of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to Hyde Park.

East Sydney is a locality within the suburbs of Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst and is in the City of Sydney. It is bounded by William, College and Oxford streets. The locality is of predominantly residential and also includes education, media, commercial, and significant cafes and restaurants. It contains a number of institutions of significance including the Australian Museum, Sydney Grammar School and a residence of the St Vincent de Paul Society.

The locality has a distinctive history, transitioning through periods of high regard to ill-repute. The locality is contained within the Office of Environment & Heritage's East Sydney and Darlinghurst Conservation Area. As of 2015, it continues to evolve as one of the last inner-city locations within Sydney to be gentrified.
Legal terminology textbook
A legal terminology textbook is a textbook that arranges and defines legal words and phrases in groups and by topic, in contrast with a law dictionary, which arranges and defines legal words and phrases individually and in alphabetical order. Thus, it may be more suitable for a student or other person interested in understanding an array of related legal words and phrases.

Such books published in the United States include the following:

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Gohar Rasheed
Mirza Gohar Rasheed (born 2 May 1984) is a Pakistani actor.

He is known for the 2013 film Seedlings, which earned him a nomination for best actor in a supporting role at the 2012 New York Film Festival and the 1st ARY Film Awards, and nomination for best actor at the 13th Lux Style Awards. He also appeared in the 2022 film The Legend of Maula Jatt.

New York Film Festival
The New York Film Festival (NYFF) is a film festival held every fall in New York City, presented by Film at Lincoln Center. Founded in 1963 by Richard Roud and Amos Vogel with the support of Lincoln Center president William Schuman, NYFF is one of the longest-running and most prestigious film festivals in the United States. It is a non-competitive festival centered on a "Main Slate" of typically 20–30 feature films, with additional sections for experimental cinema and new restorations.

Dennis Lim is the Artistic Director for NYFF. Kent Jones was the festival director from 2013 to 2019.
Hannah Brückner
Hannah Brückner (born in 1958) is a sociologist known for her contributions to several interdisciplinary fields, including life course studies, adolescent health, inequality, health, gender, and sexuality. She is an emeritus professor of Social Research and Public Policy at NYU Abu Dhabi.

Prior to her tenure at NYU Abu Dhabi, Brückner was a professor of sociology at Yale University.

Adolescent health
Adolescent health, or youth health, is the range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young people's health and well-being.

The term adolescent and young people are often used interchangeably, as are the terms Adolescent Health and Youth Health. Young people's health is often complex and requires a comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach.
Good Old Boys (Randy Newman album)
Good Old Boys is the fourth studio album by American musician Randy Newman, released on  September 10, 1974, on Reprise Records, catalogue number 2193. It was Newman's first album to obtain major commercial success, peaking at number 36 on the Billboard 200 and number 58 in Canada. The premiere live performance of the album took place on October 5, 1974, at the Symphony Hall in Atlanta, Georgia, with guest Ry Cooder and Newman conducting the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra.

ARP Instruments
ARP Instruments, Inc. was a Lexington, Massachusetts manufacturer of electronic musical instruments, founded by Alan Robert Pearlman in 1969. It created a popular and commercially successful range of synthesizers throughout the 1970s before declaring bankruptcy in 1981. The company earned a reputation for producing excellent sounding, innovative instruments and was granted several patents for the technology it developed.
Oh! (Girls' Generation album)
Oh! is the second studio album by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation, released by SM Entertainment on January 28, 2010. It features the single "Oh!". A repackaged version, Run Devil Run was released on March 17, 2010, with the song "Run Devil Run" serving as the follow-up single.

Both Oh! and Run Devil Run were commercially successful in South Korea; Oh! ranked as the second best-selling album of 2010 on the Gaon Album Chart, with sales of 197,934 copies. Run Devil Run additionally ranked as the fourth best-selling album of the year, with 136,851 copies sold. At the 25th Golden Disc Awards, Girls' Generation became the first female group to win the Album Daesang prize in the ceremony's history with Oh!.

Music Bank
Music Bank (Korean: 뮤직뱅크) is a South Korean music program which airs every Friday at 17:15 KST on KBS2. As of 2015, the show is also broadcast in more than a hundred countries through KBS World. Episodes are filmed at the KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District. The show also organizes the global live concert Music Bank World Tour.