hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamam al-Alil
Hamam al-Alil (also: Hammam al-Alil; Arabic: حمام العليل "fresh bath") is a spa town about 27 km south of Mosul in the Nineveh Governorate in Iraq, on the western bank of the Tigris River. It is well known for its mineral water springs and receives visitors from all over Iraq seeking treatment due to the various purported medical benefits of the sulfur-rich geothermal waters.

In 2019, the authorities undertook renovation works to the Hamam al-Alil baths costing $500,000 that were completed in June 2022.

Nineveh Governorate
Nineveh Governorate is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.

The region is home to many historical sites including the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, and the ruins of Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was part of the 2nd-century Arab Kingdom of Hatra. An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, where the second largest city, Tal Afar, has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
2009 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon
The 2009 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 23rd edition of the Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Palais des Sports de Gerland in Lyon, France, from 26 October through 1 November 2009. Third-seeded Ivan Ljubičić won the singles title.

Open Sud de France
The Open Occitanie (formerly known as the Open Sud de France and Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour. Founded in 1987, it was held annually in October at the Palais des Sports de Gerland in Lyon until 2009, before being relocated at the Arena Montpellier in 2010. 
There was no event in 2011 as the tournament moved to a January slot in 2012.

The current venue now called Sud de France Arena holds 10,000 spectators for tennis events. Since 2026 the tournament is one of two French events of the ATP Tour 250 series. Until 2026 it was one of three ATP 250 events, along with the Open 13 and the Moselle Open and one of four with the Lyon Open until 2025.
Tomokazu Matsuyama
Tomokazu Matsuyama (松山智一 Matsuyama Tomokazu, born April 30, 1976, in Takayama, Gifu, Japan) is a Japanese contemporary visual artist. Matsuyama lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.

Matsuyama is influenced by a variety of subjects, including Japanese art from the Edo and Meiji eras, classical Greek and Roman statuary, French Renaissance painting, postwar contemporary art, and the visual language of global, popular culture as embodied by mass-produced commodities.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
Letowski
Letowski or Łętowski (feminine: Łętowska; plural: Łętowscy) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ewa Łętowska (born 1940), Polish lawyer

Ludwik Łętowski (1786–1868), Polish writer and clergyman

Trevor Letowski (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Ewa Łętowska
Ewa Łętowska (pronounced: [ˈɛva wɛ̃ˈtɔfska]; born 22 March 1940 in Warsaw) is a Polish lawyer, a specialist in civil law and professor of legal science. Since 1985, she has worked at the Institute of Law of the Polish Academy of Sciences and since 1997, she has been a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1988, she became the first person to be appointed the Ombudsman for Citizen Rights in Poland. Between 1999 and 2002, she served as a judge at the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland and between 2002 and 2011 as a judge of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.
Kronos (computer)
Kronos is a series of 32-bit processor equipped printed circuit board systems, and the workstations based thereon, of a proprietary hardware architecture developed in the mid-1980s in Akademgorodok, a research city in Siberia, by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Siberian branch, Novosibirsk Computing Center, Modular Asynchronous Developable Systems (MARS) project, Kronos Research Group (KRG).

Proprietary hardware
Proprietary hardware is computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor, often under patent or trade-secret protection.

Historically, most early computer hardware was designed as proprietary until the 1980s, when IBM PC changed this paradigm. Earlier, in the 1970s, many vendors tried to challenge IBM's monopoly in the mainframe computer market by reverse engineering and producing hardware components electrically compatible with expensive equipment and (usually) able to run the same software. Those vendors were nicknamed plug compatible manufacturers (PCMs).
Tan Crone
Tan Crone (born 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, 2 March 1930; died Wassenaar, Netherlands, 17 January 2009) was a Dutch classical pianist. She performed and recorded both as a soloist and an accompanist.

She studied at the Amsterdam Conservatory, then with Nadia Boulanger in Paris, and finally in the United States at the New England Conservatory and Tanglewood.

She taught at the New England Conservatory, the Conservatorium Maastricht, and the Royal Conservatory of The Hague.

Crone often served as an accompanist for art songs, and worked with the singers Roberta Alexander, Benita Valente, Dorothy Dorow, Carolyn Watkinson, Rachel Ann Morgan, Yvonne Kenny, John Bröcheler, Maxim Karolik, and Sandra Schwarzhaupt. Her recording with John Bröcheler in 1979 won the "Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik". Crone has released 16 recordings, mostly as an accompanist.

She died in Wassenaar, Netherlands, on 17 January 2009.

Roberta Alexander
Roberta Alexander (March 3, 1949 – October 14, 2025) was an American operatic soprano. She began her career as a lyric soprano in 1975 and spent the next three decades performing principal roles with opera houses internationally, based in the Netherlands. She was celebrated for her performances of Mozart characters like Elettra, Fiordiligi, and Countess Almaviva, performed first at the Opernhaus Zürich with Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting. She was a leading soprano at the Metropolitan Opera from 1983 to 1991, particularly successful with roles such as Mimì in Puccini's La bohème and the title role in Janáček's Jenůfa. She later performed secondary character roles and taught voice.
Balme
Balme (Arpitan: Bârmes) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is located in the Graian Alps area, in one of the Valli di Lanzo, the about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Turin, on the border with France.

Balme borders the following municipalities: Ala di Stura, Bessans (France), Bonneval-sur-Arc (France), Groscavallo, Lemie, and Usseglio.

Bessans
Bessans (Savoyard: Bèssanse)  is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is located in the valley of Maurienne and crossed by the Arc river. Nestled in the center of a former glacial through,  it is renowned for its large Nordic skiing domain in the winter and for its trekking and mountain climbing opportunities in the Summer. Surrounded by lush fauna and flora, the village is characterised by its rich heritage, where wall paintings, Baroque chapels, engraved stones and artisan sculptors are inextricably linked. The legend of the Devil of Bessans represents the originality of this traditional culture that is still very much alive today.
1929 New York City borough president elections
Elections of New York City's borough presidents were held on November 5, 1929, in concert with such contests as the mayoralty, Comptroller, aldermen, County Sheriffs, Aldermanic Board President, and other miscellaneous questions on the ballot. Democrats were elected in all Boroughs except Queens. This and Democratic victories in other contests were all a part of what was considered "a Crushing Defeat to [the] City G.O.P. [delivered]" by Tammany Hall.

New York City Board of Aldermen
The New York City Board of Aldermen was a body that was the upper house of New York City's Common Council from 1824 to 1875, the lower house of its Municipal Assembly from 1898 to 1901, and its unicameral legislature from 1875 to 1897 and 1902 to 1937. The corresponding lower house was known as the Board of Assistants or the Board of Assistant Aldermen from 1824 to 1875, while the upper house was known as the Council from 1898 to 1901. In 1938 a new charter came into effect that replaced the Board of Aldermen with the New York City Council.
Best Foot Forward (Max Liebman Presents)
"Best Foot Forward" is a 1954 American television episode adaptation of the musical Best Foot Forward. It was directed by Max Liebman as part of a series of color spectaculars. It was Jeannie Carson's American debut.

Max Liebman
Max Liebman (August 2, 1902 – July 21, 1981) was a director, producer and writer for both Broadway theater and television.

Sometimes called the "Ziegfeld of TV". he helped establish early television's comedy vocabulary with Your Show of Shows. He additionally helped bring improvisational comedy into the mainstream as the producer of From the Second City, a  
1961 Broadway revue that originated from the improvisational comedy troupe The Second City.
Mario Vitale
Mario Vitale (1923–2003) was an Italian film actor. Vitale was a fisherman chosen by Roberto Rossellini to star alongside Ingrid Bergman in the 1950 film Stromboli. He played prominent roles in several other films until the mid-1950s.

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.
David M. Solomon
David Michael Solomon (born January 17, 1962) is an American investment banker who has been chief executive officer (CEO) of Goldman Sachs since October 2018 and chairman since January 2019.

Before assuming his role as CEO, Solomon was president and chief operating officer (COO) from January 2017 to September 2018, and was joint head of the investment banking division from July 2006 to December 2016. Solomon formally succeeded Lloyd Blankfein, the previous CEO, on October 1, 2018, and was named chairman after Blankfein's retirement.

Solomon also recreationally creates electronic dance music (EDM). He has performed at nightclubs and music festivals around New York, Miami and The Bahamas.

Hamilton College
Hamilton College is a private liberal arts college in Kirkland, New York, with a Clinton postal address. It was established as the Hamilton-Oneida Academy in 1793 and received its charter as Hamilton College in 1812, in honor of Alexander Hamilton, one of its inaugural trustees, following a proposal made after his death in 1804. Since 1978, Hamilton has been a coeducational institution, having merged with its sister school, Kirkland College.

Hamilton enrolled approximately 2,000 undergraduate students as of the fall of 2021. The curriculum offers 57 areas of study, including 44 majors, as well as the option to design interdisciplinary concentrations. The student body consists of 53% female and 47% male students, representing 45 U.S. states and 46 countries. The acceptance rate for the class of 2026 was 11.8%. Hamilton's athletic teams participate in the New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Oconee Rivers Greenway Network
The North Oconee River Greenway Network is a system of linear parks and trails constituting a total of 8 paved miles in Athens, Georgia. It consists of a mixture of unpaved and paved multi-use trails abutting the Oconee River, some of its minor tributaries and other parks within the county. The network continues to be expanded primarily through the use of TSPLOST funding in addition to funding from Georgia Department of Transportation. The network utilizes a mixture of rail-to-trail and riparian right of ways.

Riparian water rights
Riparian water rights (or simply riparian rights) is a system for allocating water among those who possess land along its path.  It has its origins in English common law.  Riparian water rights exist in many jurisdictions with a common law heritage, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and states in the eastern United States.

Common land ownership can be organized into a partition unit, a corporation consisting of the landowners on the shore that formally owns the water area and determines its use.
Manix
Manix was both the title and main character of a comic strip serial published in the British comics anthology Eagle. The serial first appeared in issue 24 (dated September 4, 1982).

The serial was created by Alan Grant and John Wagner, who scripted the early story arcs. The strip was subsequently written by Grant using the pseudonym "Keith Law", and later by Scott Goodall.

The early adventures, like most of the serials published in Eagle at the time, were fumetti: illustrated by black-and-white photographs using actors, with text boxes and speech balloons superimposed. The photography for Manix was by Sven Arnstein. When Eagle ceased to publish fumettis and moved to a traditionally illustrated format in 1983, the art for the Manix strip was provided by Manuel Carmona.

Photo comics
Photo comics (also known as fumetti, photonovels or photoromances) are a form of sequential storytelling using photographs rather than illustrations for the images, along with the usual comics conventions of narrative text and word balloons containing dialogue. The photographs may be of real people in staged scenes, or posed dolls and other toys on sets.

Although far less common than illustrated comics, photo comics have filled certain niches in various places and times. For example, they have been used to adapt popular film and television works into print, tell original melodramas, and provide medical education. Photo comics have been popular at times in Italy and Latin America, and to a lesser extent in English-speaking countries.
Nokia railway station
The Nokia railway station is located in the town of Nokia, Finland, on the Tampere–Pori railway. Trains between Tampere and Pori stop there twelve times a day, half of which in each direction. A train trip between Tampere and Nokia takes 14 minutes, according to the VR Group. There is a bus station in connection with the railway station, including a Matkahuolto cargo terminal, a taxi station, a café-kiosk and a business complex, containing a police station and a waffle café.

Waffle
A waffle is a dish made from usually leavened batter or dough that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. There are many variations based on the type of waffle iron and recipe used. Waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in Belgium, which has over a dozen regional varieties.  Waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially baked and packaged fresh or frozen.
Monastery of Flor da Rosa
The Monastery of Flor da Rosa is situated in Flor da Rosa in the municipality of Crato in the Portalegre District of Portugal. Constructed by the Knights Hospitaller, it is considered both as one of the most important Gothic monuments in Portugal and as the best Portuguese example of a fortress church.

Crato, Portugal
Crato (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkɾatu] ⓘ) is a municipality in Portalegre District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,708, in an area of 398.07 km2.

The present Mayor is José Correia Luz, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Easter Monday.
2 Corinthians 6
2 Corinthians 6 is the sixth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was written by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE. Verses 1 and 2 are closely linked with the end of the previous chapter ("working together with him" in verse 1 follows the references to either God or Christ in 2 Corinthians 5:16-21). Verses 14-18, together with 2 Corinthians 7:1, are often seen as an interpolation.

Saint Timothy
Timothy (Greek: Τιμόθεος, Timótheos, meaning "honouring God" or "honoured by God") was an early Christian evangelist and the first Catholic bishop of Ephesus, whom the Acts of Timothy relates died around the year AD 97.

Timothy was from the Lycaonian city of Lystra or of Derbe in Asia Minor, born of a Jewish mother who had become a Christian believer, and a Greek father. The Apostle Paul met him during his second missionary journey and he became Paul's companion and missionary partner along with Silas. The New Testament indicates that Timothy traveled with Paul the Apostle, who was also his mentor. He is addressed as the recipient of the First and Second Epistles to Timothy in the New Testament.
Chitti (character)
Chitti is a fictional character and the primary protagonist and antagonist of the Enthiran film series. The character was portrayed by Rajinikanth in Enthiran, 2.0  and as a cameo in Ra.One. Chitti was imagined, created and developed by S. Shankar.

Film series
A film series or movie series is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe, or are marketed as a series. It is a type of series fiction.

This article explains what film series are and gives brief examples of movie series. The body shows a list of the most popular film series and franchises in the United States and Canada.
White tin
White tin is refined metallic tin. It contrasts with black tin, which is unrefined tin ore (cassiterite) as extracted from the ground. The term "white tin" was historically associated with tin mining in Devon and Cornwall where it was smelted from black tin in blowing houses.

White tin may also refer specifically to β-tin, the metallic allotrope of the pure element, as opposed to the nonmetallic allotrope α-tin (also known as gray tin), which occurs at temperatures below 13.2 °C (55.8 °F), a transformation known as tin pest). White tin has tetragonal unit cell.

Refining (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal.  It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material. Refining thus increases the purity of the raw material via processing. There are many processes including pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques.
Isaac Duncan MacDougall
Isaac Duncan MacDougall (10 July 1897 – 4 April 1969) was a National Government, Conservative and Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Strathlorne, Nova Scotia and became an auditor, barrister, journalist and student.

MacDougall studied at St. Francis Xavier University, earning Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Inverness riding in the 1925 general election after an unsuccessful campaign there as a Progressive Party candidate in the 1921 election. He was re-elected in 1926 and 1930. In the 1935 federal election, riding boundary changes meant that MacDougall's would seek re-election in the new Inverness—Richmond riding. He was defeated by Donald MacLennan of the Liberal party. MacDougall was also unsuccessful in winning back the seat in the 1940 election as a National Government candidate.

St. Francis Xavier University
St. Francis Xavier University is a public undergraduate liberal arts university located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a member of the Maple League, a group of primarily undergraduate universities in Eastern Canada.
1995 Seoul Open – Doubles
Stéphane Simian and Kenny Thorne were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Sébastien Lareau and Jeff Tarango won the title, defeating Joshua Eagle and Andrew Florent 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Joshua Eagle
Joshua Eagle (born 10 May 1973) is a former professional male tennis player and current professional tennis coach from Australia.

In January 2013 he was appointed as the Australian Davis Cup coach, having previously won Tennis Australia's elite coaching excellence award in 2012 for helping Australian Marinko Matosevic break into the top 50 from outside 200. He was born in Toowoomba, Queensland and now lives in Noosa, Queensland. He stands at 1.83 m and weighs 90 kg, and is classified as a doubles specialist. Eagle has won five ATP doubles titles.

Eagle is married to former professional tennis player Barbara Schett. They have a son who was born in 2009.
Kucan
Kucan or Kučan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Kucan (born 1970), American television personality

Joseph D. Kucan, American video game developer and actor

Milan Kučan (born 1941), Slovene politician

Štefka Kučan (born 1943), Slovene public figure

Tamara Kučan (born 1989), Serbian author

Štefka Kučan
Štefka Kučan (born 1943) is a Slovenian public figure who served as the inaugural First Lady of Slovenia from 1991, when the country achieved independence, until 2002. She is the wife of Slovenia's first president, Milan Kučan.
Consensus site
A consensus site is a term in molecular biology that refers to a site on a protein that is often modified in a particular way. Modifications may be N- or O- linked glycosylation, phosphorylation, tyrosine sulfation or other.

Tyrosine sulfation
In biochemistry, tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group (−SO3) is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule. Secreted proteins and extracellular parts of membrane proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus may be sulfated. Sulfation was first discovered by Bettelheim in bovine fibrinopeptide B in 1954 and later found to be present in animals and plants but not in prokaryotes or in yeast.
Siege of Dunkirk (1944–1945)
The siege of Dunkirk in World War II (also known as the Second Battle of Dunkirk) began in September 1944, when the Second Canadian Division surrounded the fortified city and port of Dunkirk. The siege lasted until after the end of the European war in Europe. German units within the fortress withstood probing attacks and as the opening of the port of Antwerp was more important, the 21st Army Group commander, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, decided to contain but not capture Dunkirk with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade. The fortress, commanded by Admiral Friedrich Frisius, eventually surrendered unconditionally to Brigadier General Alois Liška, the commander of the Czechoslovak brigade group, on 9 May 1945, a day after the surrender of Nazi Germany took effect.

21st Army Group
The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in London during July 1943, under the command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), it was assigned to Operation Overlord, the Western Allied invasion of Europe, and was an important Allied force in the European Theatre. At various times during its existence, the 21st Army Group had additional British, Canadian, American, and Polish field armies or corps attached to it. The 21st Army Group operated in Northern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany from June 1944 until August 1945, when it was renamed the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).