hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lewistown Municipal Airport
Lewistown Municipal Airport (IATA: LWT, ICAO: KLWT, FAA LID: LWT) is two miles southwest of Lewistown, in Fergus County, Montana. It is owned by the city and county.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 596 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 1,049 in 2009 and 704 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 called it as a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires 2,500 enplanements per year).

Scheduled air service temporarily ceased on March 8, 2008, when Big Sky Airlines ended operations in bankruptcy. Great Lakes Airlines was given USDOT approval to take over Essential Air Service (EAS) and flights began in 2009.  Service was then provided under EAS contract by Silver Airways (formerly Gulfstream International Airlines) until July 2013. EAS subsidies were terminated on July 15, 2013 due to subsidy per passenger exceeding $1000, leaving Lewistown without scheduled air service.

Convair CV-240 family
The Convair CV-240 is an American airliner that Convair manufactured from 1947 to 1954, initially as a possible replacement for the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3. Featuring a more modern design with cabin pressurization, the low-wing, primarily piston-driven 240 series made some inroads as a commercial airliner, spawning nearly a dozen civil variants, and five for the military, including turboprop versions for both. Though reduced in numbers by attrition, various forms of the "Convairliners" continue to fly in the 21st century.
Lower Lydbrook Viaduct
51°50′57″N 2°35′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.8492°N 2.5883°W﻿ / 51.8492; -2.5883
The Lower Lydbrook Viaduct was an iron railway viaduct with stone piers, it was on the Severn and Wye Railway and situated in Lower Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, England.

The viaduct, situated at the bottom of the Lydbrook Valley where it meets the Wye Valley, consisted of five stone arches and three wrought iron lattice truss girders. The viaduct rose some 80 feet above the roadway below, linking Forge Hill on the east with Randor on the west.

It enabled the rail lines from Cinderford via Bilston and Serridge to connect with the Ross-on-Wye to Monmouth line. It was built in 1872 and first used for traffic on 26 August 1874.

The Severn and Wye Railway was closed to passengers in 1929 and to goods in 1951. The viaduct was dismantled in 1966. A section of the railings from the viaduct has been installed in a residential garden in the nearby village of Brierley.

Cinderford
Cinderford is a town and civil parish on the eastern fringe of the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England. The population was 8,777 at the 2021 Census.

The town came into existence in the 19th century, following the rapid expansion of the Forest of Dean Coalfield and the construction of Cinderford Ironworks. Its origins can be seen in the style and layout of the town, with long rows of identical terraced housing similar to those found in the mining villages of the South Wales Valleys. The decline of the coal industry in the 1950s and 1960s significantly affected the town, as most of the male population was employed in mining.
Gultosh
Gultosh was an all-Jewish village located near the city of Gondar, in Ethiopia. Gultosh was located about 10 kilometers east of Gondar City's center, across the Angereb River and Megech River. Gultush's topography is mountainous in a way that limits vehicle access. The village had approximately 90 households at the end of the 1970s. The original inhabitants left for Israel in the 1980s, the last of whom stayed until 1986. Gultosh has been repopulated by locals from nearby villages.

The village was situated in a valley between mountains and relied on small-scale agriculture, with tef, wheat, and barley being among the main crops.

The Israeli rapper Jeremy Cool Habash was born in Gultosh.

Teff
Teff (Amharic: ጤፍ), Eragrostis tef, also known as Williams lovegrass and annual bunch grass, is an annual species of lovegrass native to Ethiopia, where it originated in the Ethiopian Highlands. It has been cultivated for its edible seeds, also called teff, since at least 1000 BCE and possibly as long ago as 4000 BCE. It is one of Ethiopia's most important staple crops. As a modern crop, it is low-yielding and susceptible to lodging; the tef shoot fly is a major pest.
John Taylor (mining engineer)
John Taylor (22 August 1779, in Norwich – 5 April 1863, in London) was a British mining engineer and entrepreneur. During his lifetime, which coincided with the Industrial Revolution, Taylor was responsible for transforming the traditional practices of British mining in to a scientific discipline through his many projects and publications.

Mining in the United Kingdom
Mining in the United Kingdom produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals due to its complex geology. In 2013, there were over 2,000 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom producing £34bn  of minerals and employing 36,000 people.
Formal ontology
In philosophy, the term formal ontology is used to refer to an ontology defined by axioms in a formal language with the goal to provide an unbiased (domain- and application-independent) view on reality, which can help the modeler of domain- or application-specific ontologies to avoid possibly erroneous ontological assumptions encountered in modeling large-scale ontologies.

By maintaining an independent view on reality, a formal (upper level) ontology gains the following properties:

indefinite expandability:
the ontology remains consistent with increasing content.

content and context independence:
any kind of 'concept' can find its place.

accommodate different levels of granularity.

Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
Ivan Soshenko
Ivan Maksymovych Soshenko (Ukrainian: Іван Максимович Сошенко, 2 June 1807 Bohuslav, in the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire — 18 July 1876 Korsun) was a Ukrainian painter.

Soshenko studied at the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts from 1834 to 1838, then taught painting in gymnasiums in Nizhyn from 1839 to 1846, Nemyriv from 1846 to 1856, and Kiev.  His work included portraits, genre scenes, landscapes, and religious icons.

In 1835, he met and befriended Taras Shevchenko.  Along with teaching him the use of watercolors, Soshenko also introduced him to authors and painters Yevhen Hrebinka, Vasily Zhukovsky, Karl Briullov, and Alexey Venetsianov, and helped in the purchase Shevchenko's freedom from serfdom. Later, he helped Shevchenko to be admitted to the St Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Mykhailo Chaly published a biography of Soshenko in Kiev in 1876.

Nizhyn
Nizhyn (Ukrainian: Ніжин, pronounced [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒɪn] ⓘ; Russian: Нежин, romanized: Nezhin) is a city located in Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine along the Oster River. The city is located 116 km (72 mi) north-east of the national capital Kyiv. Nizhyn serves as the administrative center of Nizhyn Raion. It hosts the administration of Nizhyn urban hromada which is one of the hromadas of Ukraine and was once a major city of the Chernigov Governorate. Nizhyn has a population of 65,830 (2022 estimate).
Nanka
Nanka Listenⓘ (pronounced as Nan-ka by the natives), is an Igbo speaking town in Southeastern Nigeria. The town is bordered by Agulu to the north, the town of Nanka is posited to exist alongside Igboukwu.

Igbo language
Igbo (English: /ˈiːboʊ/ EE-boh, US also /ˈɪɡboʊ/ IG-boh; Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò [ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò] ⓘ) is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.

Igbo languages are spoken by a total of 31 million people. The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igbo languages. The core Igbo cluster, or Igbo proper, is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.
Ian Kwakye
Ian Kwaku Adomako-Kwakye, known as Ian Kwakye, is a Ghanaian visual artist whose work includes digital art, graffiti, mural projects, and public art exhibitions in Ghana. His work has been featured in contemporary art shows, community-based mural initiatives, and environmental street-art campaigns.

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.
Super Minkowski space
In mathematics and physics, super Minkowski space or Minkowski superspace is a supersymmetric extension of Minkowski space, sometimes used as the base manifold (or rather, supermanifold) for superfields. It is acted on by the  super Poincaré algebra.

Super vector space
In mathematics, a super vector space is a -graded vector space, that is, a vector space over a field  with a given decomposition of subspaces of grade  and grade . The study of super vector spaces and their generalizations is sometimes called super linear algebra. These objects find their principal application in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the various algebraic aspects of supersymmetry.
Burke
Burke (Irish: de Búrca; Latin: de Burgo) is a Norman-Irish surname, deriving from the ancient Anglo-Norman and Hiberno-Norman noble dynasty, the House of Burgh. In Ireland, the descendants of William de Burgh (circa 1160–1206) had the surname de Burgh, which was gaelicised in Irish as de Búrca and over the centuries became Búrc, then Burke, and Bourke.

Notable people with this name include:

Gaelicisation
Gaelicisation, or Gaelicization, is the act or process of making something Gaelic or gaining characteristics of the Gaels, a sub-branch of Celticisation. The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group, traditionally viewed as having spread from Ireland to Scotland and the Isle of Man.

Gaelic, as a linguistic term, refers to the Gaelic languages but can also refer to the transmission of any other Gaelic cultural feature such as social norms and customs, music and sport.

It is often referred to as a part of Celtic identity since Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man are all considered Celtic nations, and the Gaelic languages are considered a sub-group of the Celtic languages.
McMillin
McMillin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benton McMillin (1845–1943), Governor of Tennessee

Bo McMillin (1895–1952), American football coach

Challace McMillin (1942–2020), American football coach at James Madison University

Corky McMillin (1929–2005), American racer

David McMillin (born 1984), American singer

George McMillin (1889–1983), 38th and final Naval Governor of Guam

James McMillin (1914–2005), American Olympic rower

John Ernest McMillin (1884–1949), member of the Canadian House of Commons

John S. McMillin (1855–1936), American lawyer and businessman

Judson McMillin (born 1977), member of the Indiana House of Representatives

Marie McMillin (born 1902), American aviator

Challace McMillin
Challace Joe McMillin (March 18, 1942 – March 8, 2020) was an American football, track and field, and cross country coach. He was the first head coach of James Madison University's football program, serving from 1972 to 1984 and compiling a record of 67–60–2. A native of Gilt Edge, Tennessee, McMillin was a high school coach in Memphis, Tennessee before coming to James Madison in 1971, when he launched the school's track and field program and also coached cross country. McMillin was also a member of the faculty in James Madison's kinesiology department.

McMillin died on March 8, 2020, at age 77.
3D Virtual Creature Evolution
3D Virtual Creature Evolution, abbreviated to 3DVCE, is an artificial evolution simulation program created by Lee Graham. Its purpose is to visualize and research common themes in body plans and strategies to achieve a fitness function of the artificial organisms generated and maintained by the system in their given environment. The program was inspired by Karl Sims’ 1994 artificial evolution program, Evolved Virtual Creatures. The program is run through volunteers who download the program from the home website and return information from completed simulations. As of March 4, 2013, it is available to download on Windows, MacOS, and in some cases Linux.

Artificial life
Artificial Life, also referred to as ALife or A-Life, is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. In 1987, Langton organized the first conference on the field, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. There are three main kinds of artificial life, named for their approaches: soft, from software; hard, from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life researchers study traditional biology by trying to replicate aspects of biological phenomena.
NAIA women's beach volleyball invitational
The NAIA women's beach volleyball invitational is an annual invitational tournament played to determine the national champion of women's collegiate beach volleyball amongst members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The tournament is officially called an "invitational" rather than a "championship" because women's beach volleyball has not yet met the NAIA's requirements to be considered a varsity or championship sport.

The inaugural tournament was held in 2022.

The reigning national champions are OUAZ, who won its first invitational title in 2025.

Ottawa University
Ottawa University (OU) is a private university with its main campus in Ottawa, Kansas, United States. It also has a second residential campus in Surprise, Arizona, and adult campuses in the Kansas City and Milwaukee metropolitan areas, as well as online. It was founded in 1865 and is affiliated with the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and the American Baptist Churches USA. The residential campus in Ottawa has a student enrollment of more than 875 students, while the OUAZ campus in Surprise has more than 900. In total, Ottawa University serves more than 4,000 students across all of its campuses and online.
Mitchell Guttman
Mitchell Guttman is a molecular biologist. He works at the California Institute of Technology, where he is a professor in the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering and a Robertson Investigator of the New York Stem Cell Foundation. He also serves as the associate director of the UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program (MD-PhD program).

He is known for the study of lncRNAs, among them regulating the plasticity of embryonic stem cells and controlling how stem cells become any other kind of cell.

New York Stem Cell Foundation
The New York Stem Cell Foundation, or NYSCF, is an American non-profit research institute focused on stem cell research, technology development, and funding researchers. Headquartered on the far west side of Manhattan, New York, NYSCF employs 114 scientists, technicians, engineers, and administrative and other staff, in addition to funding early career investigators and postdoctoral fellows. Since its inception, NYSCF has raised and invested more than $400 million for stem cell research.
Sironen
Sironen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Paul Sironen (born 1965), Australian professional rugby league player

Curtis Sironen (born 1993), Australian professional rugby league player

Bayley Sironen (born 1996), Australian professional rugby league player

Bayley Sironen
Bayley Sironen (born 23 December 1996) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row, hooker, and lock for Wynnum Manly Seagulls in the Queensland Cup.

He previously played for the Wests Tigers, South Sydney Rabbitohs and New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League.
Owls' Castle
Owls' Castle (Japanese: 梟の城, Hepburn: Fukurō no Shiro) is a 1999 Japanese ninja-themed jidaigeki film directed by Masahiro Shinoda. It was co-written by Shinoda and Katsuo Naruse, and stars Kiichi Nakai. It is the second adaptation of Ryōtarō Shiba's 1959 novel Fukurō no Shiro, the first being the 1963 film Castle of Owls. Toho released the film on October 30, 1999, in Japan.

Ninja
A ninja (忍者; English: /ˈnɪndʒə/, Japanese: [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑa]), shinobi no mono (忍の者; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi no mo.noꜜ]) or shinobi (忍び; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi]) was a spy and infiltrator in pre-modern Japan. Antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. Current legends to the contrary, there is little evidence that they were assassins.

In the unrest of the Sengoku period, the jizamurai, peasant-warriors in Iga Province and the adjacent Kōka District, formed ikki – "revolts" or "leagues" – as a means of self-defense. They became known for their military activities in the nearby regions and sold their services as mercenaries and spies. Following the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century, the ninja faded into obscurity.
Petro Dolhov
Petro Dmytrovych Dolhov (Ukrainian: Петро Дмитрович Долгов; born 29 June 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays for German sixth-tier Brandenburg-Liga club MSV Neuruppin. Mainly a right-back, he can also play left-back or centre-back.

Brandenburg-Liga
The Brandenburg-Liga (VI) (formerly the Verbandsliga Brandenburg) is the highest league for football teams exclusively in the German state of Brandenburg and at step six of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fourth tier. The champions of the Brandenburg-Liga are directly promoted to the NOFV-Oberliga Nord. If the champion is from the southern part of the state, it enters the Oberliga Süd.
Roche à Bosche
Roche à Bosche is a 2,148 metre mountain summit located at the south end of the Bosche Range in Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. The peak may be seen from the Jasper House National Historic Site along Highway 16.

Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains, spanning 11,000 km2 (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as a national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.
Columbia Park Band Shell
The Columbia Park Band Shell is located just across the railroad tracks from the Marshfield Central Avenue Historic District in Marshfield, Wisconsin. The band shell was built in 1931 as a local make-work project similar to those pursued by many rural Wisconsin communities during the Great Depression.  Its weekly summer band concerts continue to provide a source of free, local entertainment.  The band shell was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Marshfield, Wisconsin
Marshfield is a city in Wood and Marathon counties of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 18,929 at the 2020 census; of this, 18,119 were in Wood County and 810 were in Marathon County. It is a principal city of the Marshfield–Wisconsin Rapids micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Wood County and had a population of 74,207 in 2020.

It is located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 10, Highway 13 and Highway 97. Marshfield is home to the Marshfield Clinic, a large healthcare system that serves much of Central, Northern, and Western Wisconsin.
Essays (Montaigne)
The Essays (French: Essais, pronounced [esɛ]) of Michel de Montaigne are contained in three books and 107 chapters of varying length. They were originally written in Middle French and published in the Kingdom of France. Montaigne's stated design in writing, publishing and revising the Essays over the period from approximately 1570 to 1592 was to record "some traits of my character and of my humours." The Essays were first published in 1580 and cover a wide range of topics.

The Essais exercised an important influence on both French and English literature, in thought and style.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Jeff Strom
Jeff Strom  is a footballer who represented New Zealand at international level.

Strom made his full All Whites debut in a 5–1 win over Kuwait on 16 October 1980 and ended his international playing career with 14 A-international caps to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 1–1 draw with Sudan on 9 June 1983.

Sudan national football team
The Sudan national football team (Arabic: مُنْتَخَب السُّودَان الْوَطَنِيّ لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم, romanized: muntaḵab as-sūdān al-waṭaniyy likurratu l-qadam) represents Sudan in international football and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association, the governing body for football in Sudan. Its home ground is Khartoum Stadium in the capital Khartoum. In 1957, it was one of the three teams to participate in the inaugural Africa Cup of Nations, the other two being Egypt and Ethiopia.

Sudan is one of the oldest teams in Africa and won the 1970 Africa Cup of Nations as hosts.
Evelyn Nelson (mathematician)
Evelyn Merle Nelson (November 25, 1943 – August 1, 1987), born Evelyn Merle Roden, was a Canadian mathematician. Nelson made contributions to the area of universal algebra with applications to theoretical computer science. She, along with Cecilia Krieger, is the namesake of the Krieger–Nelson Prize,
awarded by the Canadian Mathematical Society for outstanding research by a female mathematician.

Canadian Journal of Mathematics
The Canadian Journal of Mathematics (French: Journal canadien de mathématiques) is a bimonthly mathematics journal published by the Canadian Mathematical Society.

It was established in 1949 by H. S. M. Coxeter and G. de B. Robinson. The current editors-in-chief of the journal are Henry Kim and Robert McCann. The journal publishes articles in all areas of mathematics.