hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.

Middle Devonian
In the geological timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after the end of the Emsian age.

The Middle Devonian epoch is subdivided into two stages: Eifelian and Givetian.
Duchess Mary
Duchess Mary is the name of:

Mary Stewart, Duchess of Richmond (1622–1685), English duchess

Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (died 1705) (c. 1659–1705), British peeress

Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (died 1773) (c. 1712–1773), British peeress

Mary Osborne, Duchess of Leeds (1723–1764), British duchess

Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776–1857), member of the British Royal Family

Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford (1865–1937), English pilot and ornithologist

Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1895–1988), Chancellor of the University of Exeter

Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (sportswoman) (1897–1987), Commander of the Order of St John

Mary Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch (1900–1993), British duchess

Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (1915–2014), British duchess

Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Mary Alice Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Gascoyne-Cecil; 29 July 1895 – 24 December 1988) was a British courtier who served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth II from 1953 to 1967. She was the granddaughter of Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury.
Rose of Sharon
Rose of Sharon (in Hebrew: חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשָּׁרוֹן) is a biblical expression, though the identity of the plant referred to is unclear and is disputed among biblical scholars. It has become a common name for several species of flowering plants that are valued in different parts of the world. In no case does it refer to actual roses. The name's varied colloquial application has been used as an example of the lack of precision of common names, which can potentially cause confusion.

Harper's Bible Dictionary
Harper's Bible Dictionary is a scholarly reference book of the Bible, containing the texts of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament.  It is written by 180 members of the Society of Biblical Literature, edited by Paul J. Achtemeier, and containing 3500 articles and 400 photographs.

It has a LCC of BS 440.H237.
2015 President's Cup (tennis)
The 2015 President's Cup is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the tenth edition of the men's tournament and the seventh edition for women, part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit respectively. Offering prize money of $75,000 for the men and $25,000 for the women, the events took place in Astana, Kazakhstan, on 27 July –2 August 2015.

Chung Yun-seong
Chung Yun-seong (Korean: 정윤성; born 27 March 1998) is a South Korean tennis player.

Chung has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 233 achieved on 22 July 2019 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 129 achieved on 22 May 2023. Chung has won three doubles ATP Challenger titles as well as four ITF singles and five doubles titles.

On the junior tour, Chung had a career-high combined ranking of 3 achieved on 21 March 2016. Chung was a semifinalist at the 2016 Australian Open boys' singles event and the 2015 US Open boys' singles event where he fell to both eventual champions Oliver Anderson and Taylor Fritz, respectively. Chung was also a singles finalist at the Osaka Mayor's Cup in 2014.

He and Orlando Luz lost to Yishai Oliel of Israel and Patrik Rikl of the Czech Republic in the final of the 2016 French Open boys' doubles, 6–3, 6–4.
Microgravity University
Microgravity University, also known as the Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program (RGSFOP), was a program run by NASA which enables undergraduate university students to perform microgravity experiments aboard NASA's reduced-gravity aircraft at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

Acceptance into the program requires a team of four fliers (and any number of ground crew) and was done through the writing and submission (during late Fall) of a technical proposal which details among other things what the experiment was about, safety considerations, and outreach plans. In the 2007 campaign, 34 of the proposals submitted were accepted. Upon acceptance, a flight date was assigned and the team must design and build the planned experiment by then. Prior to flight, submission of a TEDP (an in-depth description of apparatus) was also required, as were FAA approved physical examinations for all fliers and the optional alternate flier.

Reduced-gravity aircraft
A reduced-gravity aircraft is a type of fixed-wing aircraft that provides brief near-weightless environments for training astronauts, conducting research, and making gravity-free movie shots.

Versions of such airplanes were operated by the NASA Reduced Gravity Research Program, and one is currently operated by the Human Spaceflight and Robotic Exploration Programmes of the European Space Agency. The unofficial nickname "vomit comet" became popular among those who experienced their operation.
Terek Soviet Republic
The Terek Soviet Republic (Russian: Терская Советская Республика), or Terek People's Republic (Russian: Терская Народная Республика) (March 1918 – February 1919), was a short-lived republic on the territory of the former Terek Oblast. Its capital was first Pyatigorsk, and later Vladikavkaz. After July 1918, it was part of the North Caucasian Soviet Republic.

In contrast to other Soviet republics, the Republic was a coalition government.

The economist Jacob Marschak served as Secretary of Labour, despite being only a 19-year-old student.

After internal struggles, it was conquered by the Volunteer Army led by Anton Denikin in early 1919.

Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (Russian: Добровольческая армия, romanized: Dobrovolcheskaya armiya; pre-1918 Russian: Добровольческая армія), abbreviated to Добрармия, Dobrarmiya (pre-1918 Russian: Добрармія), also known as the Southern White Army was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1920. The Volunteer Army fought against Bolsheviks and the Makhnovists on the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. On 8 January 1919, it was made part of the Armed Forces of South Russia, becoming the largest force of the White movement until it was merged with the Army of Wrangel in March 1920.
Got the Keys to the Kingdom: Live at the Village Vanguard
Got the Keys to the Kingdom: Live at the Village Vanguard is a 2023 live album by saxophonist Chris Potter, his fourth released on Edition Records, recorded live at the Village Vanguard in NYC. Chris Potter is accompanied by Craig Taborn on piano, Scott Colley on bass and Marcus Gilmore on drums. The album features all cover songs which, in Potter's words, "are tunes people don’t usually play".

Village Vanguard
The Village Vanguard is a jazz club at Seventh Avenue South in Greenwich Village, New York City. The club was opened on February 22, 1935, by Max Gordon. Originally, the club presented folk music and beat poetry, but it became primarily a jazz music venue in 1957. It has hosted many highly renowned jazz musicians since then, and today is the oldest operating jazz club in New York City.
Louise Raymond
Louise Raymond is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Carol Harrison from May 1998 to April 1999. Louise is the estranged mother of the characters Tiffany and Simon Raymond (Martine McCutcheon and Andrew Lynford). She is featured most prominently in a high-profile storyline about adultery, when she has sex with her daughter's husband Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp). The plot is the catalyst for the eventual death of Tiffany, who dies in the aftermath upon discovering the affair. Harrison left the role in 1999; scriptwriters allegedly felt that the character had nowhere left to go following Tiffany's departure.

Roberta Taylor
Roberta Alexandra Mary Taylor (née Roberts; 26 February 1948 – 6 July 2024) was an English actress and author. She was known for her roles of Irene Raymond in EastEnders (1997–2000) and Inspector Gina Gold in The Bill (2002–2008).
Almayer's Folly (film)
Almayer's Folly (French: La Folie Almayer) is a 2011 drama film directed by Chantal Akerman and starring Stanislas Merhar, Aurora Marion and Marc Barbé. It is an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's 1895 debut novel Almayer's Folly, and tells the story of a Dutchman searching for pirate treasure in Malaysia. The setting has been relocated to the 1950s. The film was a coproduction between companies in France and Belgium. It received four Magritte Award nominations.

Chantal Akerman
Chantal Anne Akerman (French: [ʃɑ̃tal akɛʁman]; 6 June 1950 – 5 October 2015) was a Belgian filmmaker, artist, and film professor at the City College of New York (2011-2015).

Akerman is best known for her films Je Tu Il Elle (1974), Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975), and News from Home (1976). The second of these was ranked the greatest film of all time in Sight & Sound magazine's 2022 "Greatest Films of All Time" critics poll, making her the first woman to top the poll. The other two films also appeared in the same poll.
Monkey fruit
Monkey fruit is a common name for several plants and can refer to some species in the following genera:

Artocarpus, particularly Artocarpus lacucha and Artocarpus rigidus

Garcinia, particularly Garcinia intermedia

Limonia

Myrianthus

Myrianthus
Myrianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the nettle family (Urticaceae). They are mainly found in Tropical Africa. They are mostly tropical trees, shrubs, or lianas. Leaves are simple and pinnately veined or with a palmate structure. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.

The leaves of Myrianthus arboreus are an important food source in the Delta and Edo States of Nigeria where the plant is known locally as ujuju. The fruits are also edible.
31st PMPC Star Awards for Television
The 31st PMPC Star Awards for Television ceremony was held at the Henry Lee Irwin Theater in Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City on November 12, 2017, and was broadcast over ABS-CBN on November 19, 2017 (on Sunday's Best). The ceremony is hosted by Ruffa Gutierrez, Richard Gutierrez, Robi Domingo and Jodi Sta. Maria with Ronnie Liang, Jason Dy, Kris Lawrence, Radha Cuadrado and Jessa Zaragoza performs the theme songs of the Best Drama Series nominees in an opening number; Elmo Magalona, Janella Salvador and BoybandPH performs the Boy band songs in a sing and dance number; and Vina Morales and The CompanY performs in a tribute number for the Ading Fernando Lifetime Achievement Award to Vic Sotto. The awards night is directed by Bert de Leon.

Janella Salvador
Janella Maxine Desiderio Salvador (Tagalog: [dʒaˈnɛlɐ]; born March 30, 1998) is a Filipino actress and singer. Debuting in the hit morning drama Be Careful with My Heart (2012–2014), she followed with lead roles in Oh My G! (2015), Born for You (2016), So Connected (2018), The Killer Bride (2019–2020), Darna (2022–2023) as Mars Ravelo supervillain Valentina, and Under Parallel Skies (2024). Her awards include three PMPC Star Awards, a FAMAS Award and Princess of Philippine Television.
Field hockey at the 2007 Australian Youth Olympic Festival – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2007 Australian Youth Olympic Festival was the first edition of the field hockey tournament for women at the AYOF.

Great Britain won the tournament for the first time by defeating Australia 4–2 in the final. New Zealand won the bronze medal by defeating China 3–1 in the third-place playoff.

Australian Youth Olympic Festival
The Australian Youth Olympics Festival (AYOF) is an international multi-sport event organised by the Australian Olympic Committee for athletes from 13 to 19 years of age. The first event was held in 2001.
Reiner Calmund
Reinhold "Reiner" Calmund (born 23 November 1948) is a German retired football executive. He was the managing director of Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen from 1976 to 2004 and most recently from 1999 worked as the first managing director of Fußball GmbH, which had previously been spun off from TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Calli, as he is also known, is now active as a football expert, TV presenter and author. His brand, which made him known to the public beyond football, includes his strong Rhineland accent and, before his weight loss in 2020, being obese.

2001–02 UEFA Champions League
The 2001–02 UEFA Champions League was the 47th season of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA's premier club football tournament, and the 10th since its rebranding from the "European Champion Clubs' Cup" or "European Cup". The tournament was won by Real Madrid, who beat Bayer Leverkusen in the final to claim their ninth European Cup title. The final's winning goal was scored by Zinedine Zidane, with a left-footed volley from the edge of the penalty area into the top left corner.

Bayer Leverkusen eliminated all three English teams on their way to the final: Arsenal in the second group stage, followed by Liverpool in the quarter-finals and Manchester United in the semi-finals.

Manchester United striker Ruud van Nistelrooy was the tournament's top scorer, scoring 10 goals from the first group stage through to the semi-final.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual winners Real Madrid in the quarter-finals.
Thomas Babington Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, PC, FRS, FRSE (/ˈbæbɪŋtən məˈkɔːli/; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian, poet and Whig politician who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster General between 1846 and 1848. He is best known for his The History of England, a seminal example of Whig history which expressed Macaulay's belief in the inevitability of sociopolitical progress and has been widely commended for its prose style. Macaulay also played a substantial role in determining India's education policy.

Progress
Progress is movement towards a perceived refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. It is central to the philosophy of progressivism, which interprets progress as the set of advancements in technology, science, and social organization – the latter being generally achieved through direct societal action, as in social enterprise or through activism, but being also attainable through natural sociocultural evolution – that progressivism holds all human societies should strive towards.

The concept of progress was introduced in the early-19th-century social theories, especially social evolution as described by Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. It was present in the Enlightenment's philosophies of history. As a goal, social progress has been advocated by varying realms of political ideologies with different theories on how it is to be achieved.
St. Georg, Brockhagen
St. Georg is a Lutheran parish church in Brockhagen, now part of Steinhagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The church and parish belong to the Kirchenkreis Halle of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia.

The aisleless church has a west steeple dated 1568, with four storeys.

The parish of Brockhagen became independent of Halle in 1568. It was then that a chapel was replaced by the church building. Between 1752 and 1754, a new nave was added. The altar is dated 1675 and features two oil paintings, showing The Last Supper and the Resurrection of Jesus. The organ, possibly built by Hans Henrich Reinking, was installed in 1661. The pulpit is from the 18th century.

The church interior was restored over eight months in 2017, including new lighting, more flexible seating by replacing some benches with chairs, and a new heating system.

Evangelical Church of Westphalia
The Evangelical Church of Westphalia (German: Evangelische Kirche von Westfalen, EKvW) is a United Protestant church body in  North Rhine-Westphalia.

The seat of the praeses (German: Präses, the head of the church) is Bielefeld. The EKvW emerged on 13 June 1945, when the ecclesiastical province of Westphalia within the Lutheran Church of the old-Prussian Union assumed its independence as church body of its own. The EKvW is a full member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), and the Reformed Alliance and is a church whose bases are in a Union between parishes in Lutheran and Calvinistic traditions. The church is also a member of the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe. Präses (president) of the EKvW is Annette Kurschus (2012), as its first female leader.
Royal Crypt (Belgium)
The Royal Crypt (French: Crypte royale; Dutch: Koninklijke Crypte) lies underneath the Church of Our Lady in the Brussels district of Laeken, Belgium. It is the official burial place of the Belgian royal family, including all the Kings of the Belgians and their wives. Several members of the family are buried elsewhere, however, due to their marriage with foreign royalty or nobility.

Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (Dutch: Karel, German: Karl; 10 October 1903 – 1 June 1983) was a member of the Belgian royal family who served as regent of Belgium from 1944 until 1950, while a judicial commission investigated his elder brother, King Leopold III of Belgium, as to whether he betrayed the Allies of World War II by an allegedly premature surrender in 1940 and collaboration with the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium. Charles' regency ended when Leopold was allowed to return to Belgium. Shortly after returning and resuming his monarchical duties, Leopold abdicated in favour of his son, Baudouin.

During the Second World War Charles was known as General du Boc, in order to hide his identity for security reasons. He had an association with RAF Hullavington in Wiltshire, where many top officers from Allied nations were based or transported to and from.
Battle of Oslo (1161)
The Battle of Oslo was fought outside of Oslo on the night of 3 February 1161 between Haakon II of Norway and Inge I of Norway during the civil war era in Norway. As the son of Ingiríðr Ragnvaldsdóttir and king Harald Gille (making him the only legitimate son of Gille), Inge had been named king of Norway after Gille was killed by Sigurd Slembe. His two half-brothers, Magnus and Sigurd, were also named kings around the same time, and the three ruled Norway. By 1157, Inge's brothers were both dead, and he was the sole remaining ruler of Norway. Haakon II, an illegitimate son of Gille, then contested Inge's rule, and at the Battle of Oslo Inge was killed. According to the Heimskringla, Inge had 4,800 men.

Harald Gille
Harald Gille (Old Norse: Haraldr Gilli / Haraldr Gillikristr, c. 1102 − 14 December 1136), also known as Harald IV, was king of Norway from 1130 until his death. His byname Gille is probably from Middle Irish  Gilla Críst 'servant of Christ'.
Glyptopomus
Glyptopomus is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater sarcopterygian or lobe-finned fish, known from the Late Devonian of Europe and potentially eastern North America. It is considered an early tetrapodomorph in the Osteolepiformes.

The following species are known:

†G. bystrowi (Gross, 1941) - Famennian of Latvia (Ketleri Formation) and Oryol Oblast, Russia (=Panderichthys bystrowi Gross, 1941)

†G. elginensis Jarvik, 1950 - Famennian of Scotland (Rosebrae Beds of the Old Red Sandstone)

†G. kinnairdi (Huxley, 1859) - Famennian of Scotland (Old Red Sandstone)

†G. minor Agassiz, 1844 (type species) - Famennian of Scotland (Old Red Sandstone)

†G. sayrei Newberry, 1878 - Famennian of Pennsylvania, US (Catskill Formation)

Erik Jarvik
Anders Erik Vilhelm Jarvik (30 November 1907 – 11 January 1998) was a Swedish paleontologist who worked extensively on the sarcopterygian (or lobe-finned) fish Eusthenopteron.  In a career that spanned some 60 years, Jarvik produced some of the most detailed anatomical work on this fish, making it arguably the best known fossil vertebrate.

Jarvik was born at a farm in Utby Parish near Mariestad in northern Västergötland. He studied botany, zoology, geology, and paleontology at Uppsala University, where he took his licentiate's degree in 1937. In 1942, he completed his PhD with the dissertation On the structure of the snout of Crossopterygians and lower Gnathostomes in general. He participated in the Greenland expedition of Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh in 1932, and was appointed assistant in the Department of Palaeozoology of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm in 1937. He eventually succeeded Erik Stensiö as professor and head of the department in 1960, retiring in 1972.
Wayne Thornburg
Wayne Thornburg was an American politician from Arizona.  He served two consecutive terms in the Arizona State Senate during the 7th and 8th Arizona State Legislatures, holding one of the two seats from Yavapai County.  He was a cattle rancher and agriculturist near Phoenix, who at one point was the largest producer of sugar beet seed in the world.

8th Arizona State Legislature
The 8th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1927, to December 31, 1928, during the first and second years of George W. P. Hunt's sixth tenure as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix. The number of senators remained constant at 19, while the number of representatives increased from 47 to 52. The Democrats held large majorities in both houses.
Jay-Jay Okocha
Augustine Azuka "Jay-Jay" Okocha (/əˈkɒtʃə/ Listenⓘ ə-KOTCH-ə; born 14 August 1973) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He had 73 caps for the Nigeria national team between 1993 and 2006, scoring 14 goals, and was a member of three FIFA World Cup squads. He is regarded as one of the greatest African footballers of all time and one of the most influential dribblers in world football history.

He played across multiple leagues, starting his career at Enugu Rangers in the Nigerian Professional Football League before moving to Borussia Neunkirchen in the Oberliga Südwest, Germany's third division, in July 1990. He played in the Bundesliga, Süper Lig, Ligue 1, Premier League, EFL Championship, and Qatar Stars League before his retirement in 2008.

Nigeria Premier Football League
The Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) (formerly the Nigeria Professional Football League) is the highest level of club football in Nigerian football league system. The Nigerian Premier League has suffered like many others, from the financial impact and dwindling fortunes since the late 2000s. It is fed into by the Nigeria National League (NNL). It is organized by the Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) Board headed by Gbenga Elegbeleye.
Teddy Morgan
Edward Morgan (22 May 1880 – 1 September 1949) was a Welsh international rugby union player. He was a member of the victorious Wales team who beat the 1905 touring All Blacks in the famous Match of the Century and is remembered for scoring the game's winning try. He played club rugby for London Welsh and Swansea.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.