hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marianne Marchand
Marianne Helena Marchand is a political scientist, researcher, feminist, and scholar whose academic work focuses on the intersections of international relations, globalization, gender studies, and migration. Since the mid-1990s, she has published extensively in academic journals such as Third World Quarterly, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, and International Studies Quarterly, exploring critical and poststructuralist feminist perspectives on global restructuring, development, and transnational mobility. She is recognized for her contributions to feminist international relations theory and the study of gender and borders in global political economy.

Millennium (journal)
Millennium: Journal of International Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations. It is run by PhD and graduate students from the University of London and is based at the London School of Economics (LSE). Millennium is published by Sage Publications three times a year, in January, June and September.
Internet in Bangladesh
The Internet in Bangladesh has witnessed significant growth despite facing many constraints in expanding Internet access and use, development of the Internet and Information Technology are high government priorities. In 2025, Internet users in Bangladesh increased to 77.7 million with internet penetration at 44.5%.

On 19 February 2018, Bangladesh started the 4G network service.

Cox's Bazar
Cox's Bazar is a city, fishing port, tourism centre, and the headquarters of the Cox's Bazar District and Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila in south-eastern Bangladesh. The city has a population of about 196,000 making it the 26th largest city in Bangladesh. Cox's Bazar Beach is a major tourist attraction.
Sussex South and Crawley (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Sussex South and Crawley was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion, Crawley, Hove, Mid Sussex, Shoreham, and Worthing.

Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency)
Shoreham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in West Sussex.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1974 to 1997.

Before the 1885 general election, the Parliamentary borough of New Shoreham, also known simply as Shoreham, returned two members to the House of Commons.
B Hydrae
The Bayer designation b Hydrae refers to three different stars in the constellation Hydra:

b1 Hydrae, (3 Crateris, HD 93397), an F-type main-sequence star

b2 Hydrae, (5 Crateris, 249 G. Hydrae, HD 94046), an A-type main-sequence star

b3 Hydrae, (6 Crateris, 257 G. Hydrae, HD 94388), a F-type main-sequence star

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Rocklands, Mitchells Plain
Rocklands is a neighborhood in the southwestern corner of the Mitchells Plain urban area of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The community of Strandfontein is to its immediate west.

On 20 August 1983 the United Democratic Front, an important anti-apartheid organisation, was founded at the Rocklands Community Hall.

City of Cape Town
The City of Cape Town (Afrikaans: Stad Kaapstad; Xhosa: Isixeko saseKapa) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of Cape Town and surrounding areas.  As of 2022 it has a population of 4,772,846.
Mary Andrews (politician)
Mary Black Andrews is an American politician from Maine. Andrews served as a Republican State Senator from Maine's 1st District, representing part of York County, including her residence in York. She had previously been elected to three consecutive two-year terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1998–2004). She did not seek re-election following her first term in the Senate and was replaced by Peter Bowman (D-Kittery).

While in the Maine Legislature, Andrews was a vocal opponent of Maine's tax on gasoline and diesel.

After leaving the Senate, Andrews was elected to the York Board of Selectmen. In May 2014, she was elected chairperson.

Maine Republican Party
The Maine Republican Party is an affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Maine. It was founded in Strong, Maine, on August 7, 1854. The party currently does not control the governor's office or either chamber of the Maine Legislature, nor either of Maine's two U.S. House. The only federal elected office that the party controls is one of Maine's two U.S. Senate seats, currently held by Susan Collins.
Bear and the Gang
Bear and the Gang is an advertising campaign for the Boston Bruins created by Arnold Worldwide and the Boston Bruins as part of the Bruins Digital Entertainment Network ('Bruins DEN').  It consists of several episodes that are approximately 60 seconds each.  Each episode is centered on the activities of the Bear character from the Bruins Hockey Rules commercials (not to be confused with the bear 'Blades,' who is the Bruins official mascot), and is in the form of a 1980s television sitcom.

Each Bear and the Gang episode guest-stars other popular Bruins figures besides the Bear, including players, coaches, Jack Edwards, Rene Rancourt, and 'Holly,' the captain of the Bruins Ice Girls.

Arnold Worldwide
Arnold Worldwide is an American advertising agency headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The agency is a part of the Havas Creative Group, a global advertising holding company based in France. Some of Arnold’s clients include Progressive Insurance, De Beers, PNC Bank, ADP and Norwegian Cruise Line.
Saugerties, New York
Saugerties (/ˈsɔːɡərtiːz/) is a town in the northeastern corner of Ulster County, New York. The population was 19,038 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from 19,482 in 2010. The village of the same name is located entirely within the town.

Part of the town is inside Catskill Park. U.S. Route 9W and New York State Route 32 pass through the town, converging at the center of the village and overlapping to the south. These routes parallel the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87), which passes through the town just west of the village of Saugerties.

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Kalwa Bridge
Kalwa Bridge is a road bridge across Thane Creek in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which connects the city of Thane to the Indian mainland at Kalwa. There are three separate bridges connecting Thane with Kalwa. The first Kalwa Bridge was built in 1863 and was the first bridge crossing Thane Creek. The second Kalwa Bridge was opened in 1995. The third Kalwa Bridge was partially opened to traffic on 13 November 2022, and was completed on 10 March 2023.

Mainland India
Mainland India is a geo-political term sometimes used to refer to India excluding the region of Northeast India and Kashmir, with the north-east connected by the Siliguri Corridor.

In a geographical context, Mainland India includes the entirety of India (including Northeast India) in continental Asia, excluding islands such as the union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.
George F. Baker Jr. Houses
The George F. Baker Jr. Houses are a complex of three residential buildings at 67, 69, and 75 East 93rd Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. They were completed in 1918–1931 to the designs of the architecture firm Delano & Aldrich. The oldest of the group is the Francis F. Palmer House at 75 East 93rd Street. A later owner, George F. Baker Jr, expanded No. 
75 and built Nos. 69 and 67. Each of the three buildings is a New York City designated landmark, and the entire ensemble was added as a group to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene, also known as Nabac, is an organochlorine compound that was once widely used as a disinfectant. The compound occurs as a white odorless solid, although commercial samples can be off-white and possess a slightly phenolic odor. It is insoluble in water but dissolves in acetone, ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. In medicine, hexachlorophene is useful as a topical anti-infective and anti-bacterial agent. It is also used in agriculture as a soil fungicide, plant bactericide, and acaricide. It has also been reported to bind tubulin, blocking its polymerization.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Myanmar Youth Affairs Committee
Myanmar Youth Affairs Committee is a government committee for Myanmar Youths to become Multi-developed citizens . It was formed on the 22 May 2019 with 27 members. The committee  is led by Union Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, Dr Win Myat Aye.

Many other Youth affairs committees were formed in each Region, District and Township to initiate youth policies and the committees are composed of officials from different government departments.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
Joan Saura
Joan Saura i Laporta is a Spanish former politician in Catalonia for Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV). He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, in 1950. He studied at the Escola d'Enginyeria Tècnica (Technical Engineering School), where he specialized in Industrial Chemistry. In the beginning, he was devoted to the trade union and the neighbourhood: he enrolled into the Workers' Commissions (CCOO) in 1973, while he was working for the electrics company FECSA, and cofounded the La Florida Neighbourhood Association, in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 1974.

Parliament of Catalonia
The Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya, IPA: [pəɾləˈmen də kətəˈluɲə]; Spanish: Parlamento de Cataluña; Occitan: Parlament de Catalonha) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The Parliament is currently made up of 135 members, known as deputies (diputats/deputats/diputados), who are elected for four-year terms or after extraordinary dissolution, chosen by universal suffrage in lists of four constituencies, corresponding to the Catalan provinces. The Parliament building is located in Ciutadella Park, Barcelona.

Established in 1932, after the granting of self-governance to Catalonia by the Second Spanish Republic, it went to exile in 1939 as a consequence of the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War. It was reestablished in 1979 during the transition to democracy. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 12 May 2024.
George Faber (British politician)
George Henry Faber (10 December 1839 – 6 April 1910) was a British insurance underwriter and a Liberal Party politician.

Faber was born in Camberwell, and became a member of Willis, Faber and Company, of Cornhill, underwriters specialising in marine insurance. He was on the committee of Lloyd's of London, and The Times newspaper reported in 1906 that he might have been chairman of Lloyd's if he had wanted the post.

He was elected at the 1906 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire, but did not stand again at the January 1910 election. He died in April 1910, aged 70.

Marine insurance
Marine insurance covers the physical loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport by which the property is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and the final destination. Cargo insurance a sub-branch of marine insurance, though marine insurance also includes onshore and offshore exposed property, (container terminals, ports, oil platforms, pipelines), hull, marine casualty, and marine losses. When goods are transported by mail or courier or related post, shipping insurance is used instead.
Ajjamada B. Devaiah
Squadron Leader Ajjamada Boppayya Devayya MVC is the only Indian Air Force officer to be posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC). During the 1965 India-Pakistan War, Devayya (called 'Wings of Fire') was part of a strike mission targeting the Pakistani airbase Sargodha when he was attacked by an enemy aircraft. He shot down the enemy pursuer's plane but in the process his aircraft was damaged and he went missing. Presumably he died in Pakistani territory. Twenty-three years later, in 1988, he was posthumously awarded the MVC award.

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
St. Augustine Cathedral, Talca
The St. Augustine Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de San Agustín) Also Talca Cathedral is a cathedral of the Catholic church in Chile dedicated to St. Augustine. It is located in the Plaza de Armas de Talca, and is the seat of the bishop of the Diocese of Talca in Chile.

It was built by the architect Ramón Venegas and began in 1938 in the same place where the Mother Church was destroyed by the 1928 Talca earthquake. It was finally consecrated on September 30, 1954. The carillon was erected the following year thanks to a donation of the philanthropist Gabriel Pando.

The earthquake of 11 March 2010 left the temple with structural damage that included its walls of masonry and its arches of reinforced concrete, with risk of collapse. In 2012 the restoration work was completed, reinforcing the walls with reinforced concrete and replacing the wooden structure of the roof.

Talca
Talca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtalka]) is a city and commune in Chile located about 255 km (158 mi) south of Santiago, and is the capital of both Talca Province and Maule Region (7th Region of Chile). As of the 2012 census, the city had a population of 201,142.

The city is an important economic center, with agricultural (wheat) and manufacturing activities, as well as wine production. It is also the location of the Universidad de Talca and the Catholic University of Maule, among others. The Catholic Church of Talca has held a prominent role in the history of Chile.
1995 Kozani–Grevena earthquake
The 1995 Kozani–Grevena earthquake was a large earthquake that occurred on May 13, 1995, in the region of Western Macedonia, Greece. With a magnitude of 6.6 on the moment magnitude scale, this earthquake caused locally significant damage to villages and towns in the regions of Kozani and Grevena. 25 people were injured and monetary damages of $450 million were caused as a result of the earthquake.

The earthquake occurred on an area which was thought to have low seismic risk since no active faults were known to exist there. Following multiple years of research of the area concluded that the earthquake was associated with multiple faults southwest of the Polyfytos Lake.

Western Macedonia
Western Macedonia (Greek: Δυτική Μακεδονία, romanized: Ditikí Makedonía, Greek pronunciation: [ðitiˈki makeðoˈnia]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Macedonia. Located in north-western Greece, it is divided into the regional units of Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, and Kozani. With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union.
Caulerpa cactoides
Caulerpa cactoides is a species of seaweed in the Caulerpaceae family.

It is found along the coast in a large area extending from near Exmouth in the northern Gascoyne region to east of Esperance in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Zhang Fuming
Zhang Fuming (張富銘; born 1989) is a Singaporean artist and printmaker who focuses on woodcut printmaking that incorporates traditional techniques and contemporary subject matter. His works often explore social commentary and realism, focusing on the materiality and texture of woodblocks beyond conventional paper prints.

Social commentary
Social commentary is the act of using rhetorical means to provide commentary on social, cultural, political, or economic issues in a society. This is often done with the idea of implementing or promoting change by informing the general populace about a given problem and appealing to people's sense of justice. Social commentary can be practiced through all forms of communication, from printed form, to conversations to computerized communication, including visual arts, photography, literature, public speaking, music, film, television, comic strips, and digital media.  Examples range from visual art like graffiti addressing social issues, photography documenting humanitarian crises, literary and film works critiquing social injustices, dystopian fiction exploring societal control, rap music highlighting racial and economic disparities, to internet-based platforms fostering open discussions.
Spontaneous Celebrations
Spontaneous Celebrations refers to both a building in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States which acts as an arts and education center, and to a community group which is based there. The mission of the group is to create a cultural life through the arts, and especially through seasonal celebrations in Jamaica Plain and Roxbury, Massachusetts and education. Its classes emphasize dance, stiltwalking, trapeze, and other circus arts.

Trapeze
A trapeze is a short horizontal bar hung by ropes, metal straps, or chains, from a ceiling support. It is an aerial apparatus commonly found in circus performances. Trapeze acts may be static, spinning (rigged from a single point), swinging or flying, and may be performed solo, double, triple or as a group act.

The name of the apparatus reflects the trapezoid shape made by the horizontal bar, ropes and ceiling support.
Western Mass Pioneers
Western Mass Pioneers is an American soccer team based in Ludlow, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid.

The team plays its home games at Lusitano Stadium, where they have played since 1998. The team's colors are red, black and white.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Victor Ludorum (horse)
Victor Ludorum (foaled 3 April 2017) is a British-bred, French-trained racehorse. He was one of the best juvenile colts in Europe in 2019, when he was undefeated in three starts including the  Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère. He went on to win the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and run third in the Prix Du Jockey Club in 2020.

Prix du Jockey Club
The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.