hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederic Bartlett
Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett FRS (20 October 1886 – 30 September 1969) was a British psychologist and the first professor of experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the forerunners of cognitive psychology as well as cultural psychology. Bartlett considered most of his own work on cognitive psychology to be a study in social psychology, but he was also interested in anthropology, moral science, philosophy, and sociology. Bartlett proudly referred to himself as "a Cambridge psychologist" because while he was at the University of Cambridge, settling for one type of psychology was not an option.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Archduchess Renata of Austria
Archduchess Renata of Austria (2 January 1888 – 9 December 1935) was a daughter of Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria and a first cousin of King Alfonso XIII of Spain. A member of the Teschen branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bohemia, Hungary, and Tuscany by birth, she renounced her titles in 1909 upon her marriage to Prince Jerome Radziwiłł.

Żywiec
Żywiec (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʐɨvjɛts]) is a town on the River Soła in southern Poland, with 31,194 inhabitants (2019). It is situated within the Silesian Voivodeship, near the Żywiec Lake and Żywiec Landscape Park, one of the eight protected areas in the voivodeship. Historically and culturally, the town is part of the Lesser Poland (Małopolska) region and is the capital of the Żywiecczyzna region, which is ethnically part of the Goral Lands.

The asteroid 551231 Żywiec is named after the town.
Bocca di Navene
Bocca di Navene is a mountain saddle in the Monte Baldo range in the Garda Mountains in northern Italy. The saddle separates the more solitary Monte Altissimo di Nago (2078 m) in the north from the rest of the range with the long ridge with Cima Valdritta (2292 m) in the south. On the western side a steep hiking path leads down to lake Garda, while at the eastern side the slopes are more gentle and fall down to the small barrier lake Lago di Prà della Stua.

Bocca di Navene is also at the border between the Italian provinces of Trentino and Veneto.

Lago di Prà della Stua
Lago di Prà della Stua is a barrier lake in Trentino, of northern Italy within the Monte Baldo massif. The lake is situated at an elevation of 1,050 meters (3,445 ft) above sea level and collects the waters of the Torrente Aviana. It is positioned near the Strada Provinciale dei Dossioli and represents, together with Lago di Loppio, one of the only significant natural water bodies in the Monte Baldo area. The lake is surrounded by alpine meadows and forests, making it a popular destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts.
As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young (Jan Steen)
"As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young", in Dutch, Soo voer gesongen, soo na gepepen, is an oil-on-canvas painting executed c. 1668–1670 by Dutch artist Jan Steen. It is in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague. The painting is a celebratory holiday scene that depicts three generations of a Dutch family and serves as an allegory about parental examples, vice, and influence. This subject was painted thirteen times by Jan Steen and has also been known as The Cat Family, or Jan Steen's Family. Of the many renditions, the Mauritshuis version is considered to be the exemplar of the series. Its dimensions are 133.7 cm × 162.5 cm.

Jan Steen
Jan Havickszoon Steen (c. 1626 – buried 3 February 1679) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, one of the leading genre painters of the 17th century. His works are known for their psychological insight, sense of humour and abundance of colour. Their satire also mocks the behavior and attitudes of the Dutch bourgeoisie.
Fritillaria thunbergii
Fritillaria thunbergii is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to Kazakhstan and in Xinjiang Province of western China, though cultivated in other places and naturalized in Japan and in other parts of China.

Fritillaria thunbergii produces bulbs up to 30 mm in diameter. The stem is up to 80 cm tall. The flowers are pale yellow, sometimes with a purple tinge or purple markings.

The specific epithet thunbergii honors the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg, who collected many plants in Japan in the 18th century.

formerly included

Fritillaria thunbergii var. puqiensis (G.D.Yu & G.Y.Chen) P.K.Hsiao & S.C.Yu, now called Fritillaria monantha Migo

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Conley v. Gibson
Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that provided a basis for a broad reading of the "short and plain statement" requirement for pleading under Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Pleading
In law as practiced in countries that follow the English models, a pleading is a formal written statement of one party's claims or defenses in response to another party's complaint(s) in a civil action. The parties' pleadings in a case define the issues to be adjudicated in the action.

The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) govern pleading in England and Wales.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure govern pleading in United States federal courts. Each state in the United States has its own statutes and rules that govern pleading in the courts of that state.
Meijin (Go)
Meijin (名人) means "Expert or Master".  It is the name of the second most prestigious Japanese Go Tournament. It also refers to a traditional Japanese title given to the strongest player of the day during the Edo period.

Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
St Clere
St Clere, St. Clere and Saint Clere are variants of the name Sinclair, notably found in Essex, England. They are the names of numerous people and things, among them:

St Clere (family), a noble family from Danbury, Essex

St Clere's School, Stanford-le-Hope, Essex

Saint Clere, Kansas

St. Clere Township, Pottawatomie County, Kansas

St Clere, Kent, England

George John St Clere Gage, 7th Viscount Gage

Collet of St. Clere, Kent, an extinct English baronetcy

Sir Thomas St Clere, a 15th-century English landholder

Collet baronets
The Collet Baronetcy, of St Clere in the parish of Ightham in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 12 June 1888 for Mark Collet, Governor of the Bank of England. The title became extinct on the death of his son, the second Baronet, in 1944.
Nirmal Munda
Nirmal Munda (1893 - 2 January 1973) was an agrarian leader, a freedom fighter and a World War I veteran from the Munda tribe from Bartoli village in the former princely state of Gangpur (now in Sundergarh district, Odisha). He was the leader of the Munda agitation of 1937–39, who organised the tribals of Gangpur to refuse to pay exorbitant taxes and demanded khuntkatti rights.

Sundergarh district
Sundergarh district, also known as Sundargarh district, is a district in the northwestern part of Odisha state in eastern India.

Sundargarh district is bounded by Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh in the west, Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh in the North-West, Simdega district of Jharkhand in the North, West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and Keonjhar district of Odisha in the east and Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, Deogarh and Angul districts of Odisha in the South. The town of Sundargarh is the district headquarters. Rourkela is the largest city in the entire district.
Nephrodesmus
Nephrodesmus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It contains four species, all endemic to New Caledonia.  Its closest relatives is Arthroclianthus, also endemic to New Caledonia and their distinction has been challenged.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
The Last Waltz (1936 French film)
The Last Waltz (French:La dernière valse) is a 1936 French-British operetta film directed by Leo Mittler, and starring Jean Martinelli, Jarmila Novotna, and Armand Bernard. It was based on the 1920 operetta The Last Waltz by Oscar Straus. It  was made at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys. A separate version was also released in Britain.

Der letzte Walzer
Der letzte Walzer (The Last Waltz) is a Viennese operetta in three acts, with music by Oscar Straus, to a libretto by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald. It opened at the Berliner Theater in Berlin on 12 February 1920 and starred Fritzi Massary. It was first given in Vienna at the Theater an der Wien on 5 October 1923, with Betty Fischer, Max Hansen, and Richard Tauber in leading roles.
Eudonia extincta
Eudonia extincta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1921. It is found in the Distrito Federal of Mexico.

The wingspan is about 21 mm. The forewings are uniform shining brownish grey. There are two small black dots at the end of the cell and a third beyond these. The outer line is pale and diffuse. It is followed by a broad ill-defined darker shade. There are black terminal dots at the ends of the veins. The hindwings are sordid whitish. Adults have been recorded on wing in August.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Orphey Hydroelectric Power Station
The Orphey Pumpted Storage Hydro Power Plant (Bulgarian: Помпено-акумулираща водноелектрическа централа "Орфей") is an active hydro power project near Krichim in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria. It has 4 individual Francis turbines which deliver up to 164.8 MW of power. One of the turbines can be used as a pump as well (38 MW), making this power plant a pumped storage type. The power plant uses water from the Vacha Reservoir along the homonymous river, and is part of the Dospat–Vacha Hydropower Cascade. The plant is named after Orpheus, who is said to have lived in these lands.

Vacha (river)
The Vacha (Bulgarian: Въча) is a river in southern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the river Maritsa. The 112 km long Vacha is the 23rd longest river of Bulgaria and the second longest in the Rhodope Mountains, following the Arda (272 km), another major Maritsa tributary. The Vacha drains significant area of the western Rhodope Mountains, including the ridges Batak Mountain, Veliyshko–Videnishki, Pereliksko–Prespanski and Chernatitsa.
Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara
Margherita Barbara Gonzaga (27 May 1564 – 6 January 1618), was an Italian noblewoman, Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio between 1579 and 1597 by marriage to Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. She was a significant cultural patron in Ferrara and Modena.

She acted as Regent for the Duchy of Montferrat during the absence of her brother in 1610 and in 1602, as well as the de facto Regent of the Duchy of Mantua and Montferrat in the period between the death of her nephew in 1612 and the enthronement of her other nephew.

Giovanni Battista Guarini
Giovanni Battista Guarini (10 December 1538 – 7 October 1612) was an Italian poet, dramatist, and diplomat. Courtier at Ferrara, diplomat and secretary to several ruling families, he served also at Florence and Urbino. He is best known as the author of the pastoral tragicomedy Il pastor fido. Written in emulation of Tasso's Aminta, it was extremely successful and remained one of the most popular work of secular literature in Western Europe for almost two hundred years.
2024–25 NBA season
The 2024–25 NBA season was the 79th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 22, 2024, and ended on April 13, 2025. The NBA held an in-season tournament for the second consecutive year, now called the Emirates NBA Cup, with the Milwaukee Bucks winning it against the Oklahoma City Thunder. The 2025 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 16, 2025, at Chase Center in San Francisco. The play-in tournament was played from April 15 to 18, 2025, followed by the playoffs the next day, and concluded with the finals on June 22, 2025, when the Oklahoma City Thunder defeated the Indiana Pacers in seven games. Shai Gilgeous-Alexander was named the Finals MVP. This was the first game 7 in the finals since 2016, and the 20th overall.

2023–24 NBA season
The 2023–24 NBA season was the 78th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 24, 2023, and ended on April 14, 2024. The NBA held their first-ever in-season tournament from November 3 to December 9, with the Los Angeles Lakers winning the tournament against the Indiana Pacers. The 2024 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2024, at Gainbridge Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. The play-in tournament took place from April 16–19, and the 2024 NBA playoffs began on April 20. The NBA Finals between the Boston Celtics and Dallas Mavericks started on June 6, with the Celtics winning the championship on June 17, for an NBA record 18th title.
Harrington, New South Wales
Harrington is a fishing village located on the northern entrance of the Manning River in New South Wales, Australia.  It was established in 1853 and proclaimed a village on 26 September 1896. It is 15 km north-east of Taree on the Mid North Coast, and 335 kilometres (208 mi) north east of the state capital, Sydney. At the 2021 census, Harrington had a population of 3,381. It was named after the Earl of Harrington by the explorer, John Oxley.

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Testosterone enantate benzilic acid hydrazone
Testosterone enantate benzilic acid hydrazone (TEBH), or testosterone 17β-enantate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone, is a synthetic, injected androgen/anabolic steroid and an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β enantate (heptanoate) ester and C3 benzilic acid hydrazone of testosterone. It was previously marketed in combination with estradiol benzoate and estradiol dienantate under the brand names Climacteron, Lactimex, and Lactostat. Clinical studies have assessed this formulation. TEBH was first described in the scientific literature in 1959. It is a very long-lasting prodrug of testosterone when administered in oil via intramuscular injection.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Miyahara (surname)
Miyahara (written: 宮原) is a formerly royal Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Atsuji Miyahara (宮原 厚次; born 1958), Japanese sport wrestler

Jeff Miyahara (born 1977), American record producer

Jon Miyahara (1941–2025), American actor

Kento Miyahara (宮原 健斗; born 1989), Japanese professional wrestler

Mieko Miyahara (宮原 美江子; born 1960), Japanese fencer

Misako Miyahara (宮原 美佐子; born 1962), Japanese long-distance runner

Nami Miyahara (宮原 永海; born 1978), Japanese singer and voice actress

Satoko Miyahara (宮原 知子; born 1998), Japanese figure skater

Takashi Miyahara (宮原 巍; 1934–2019), Nepalese businessman and politician

Teruhiko Miyahara (宮原 照彦; born 1951), Japanese sport wrestler

Toshiyuki Miyahara (宮原 利幸; born 1958), Japanese water polo player

Yu Miyahara (宮原 優), Japanese sport wrestler

Yuji Miyahara (宮原 裕司; born 1980), Japanese footballer

Misako Miyahara
Misako Miyahara (宮原 美佐子; born May 29, 1962) is a retired long-distance runner from Japan. She represented her native country in the women's marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, alongside Eriko Asai and Kumi Araki. She won the silver medal in the women's marathon at the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul, South Korea.
Great Lakes passenger steamers
The history of commercial passenger shipping on the Great Lakes is long but uneven. It reached its zenith between the mid-19th century and the 1950s. As early as 1844, palace steamers carried passengers and cargo around the Great Lakes. By 1900, fleets of relatively luxurious passenger steamers plied the waters of the lower lakes, especially the major industrial centres of Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, and Toronto.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Palmen
Palmen is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Annie Palmen (1926–2000), Dutch singer

Connie Palmen (born 1955), Dutch author

Erik Palmén (1898–1985), Finnish meteorologist

Manfred Palmen (1945-2022), German politician

Sandra Palmen (born 1980), Dutch politician

Connie Palmen
Aldegonda Petronella Huberta Maria "Connie" Palmen (born 25 November 1955) is a Dutch author.

Palmen debuted with the novel De wetten (1990), published in the United States as The Laws (1993), translated by Richard Huijing. The Laws was shortlisted for the 1996 International Dublin Literary Award.

Her second novel was De vriendschap (1995), published in the United States as The Friendship (2000), translated by Ina Rilke. It is the story of the lifelong friendship of two girls with completely different characters.

Palmen had a relationship with Ischa Meijer in the years preceding his death in 1995. From 1999 on she lived with D66 politician Hans van Mierlo until his death on 11 March 2010. The couple married on 11 November 2009
The Mystery of Mr. X
The Mystery of Mr. X is a 1934 American pre-Code crime film starring Robert Montgomery as a jewel thief who gets mixed up in a series of murders in  London. It is based on the 1933 novel X v. Rex by Philip MacDonald (under the pen name Martin Porlock), was remade in 1952 as The Hour of 13.

Leonard Mudie
Leonard Mudie (born Leonard Mudie Cheetham; April 11, 1883 – April 14, 1965) was an English character actor whose career lasted for nearly fifty years. After a successful start as a stage actor in England, he appeared regularly in the US, and made his home there from 1932. He appeared in character roles on Broadway and in Hollywood films.
Charlie Green (American football)
Charles H. Green (born March 14, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Wittenberg Tigers. From 1962 to 1964, he led Wittenberg to three consecutive Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) championships and three consecutive undefeated seasons (25–0–1), including an Associated Press small college national championship in 1964. After the 1964 season, he was selected as the first-team quarterback on the Little All-America team.

He also played professional football for the Oakland Raiders in 1966. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002.

Ohio Athletic Conference
The Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference which competes in the NCAA's Division III. All member institutions are located in Ohio. Formed in 1902, it is the third oldest athletic conference in the United States. In its history, 31 schools have been members of the OAC. The enrollments of the current nine member institutions range from around 1,000 to 4,500. Its current commissioner is Bethany Dannelly. Former commissioners include Mike Cleary, who was the first General Manager of a professional basketball team to hire an African American head coach, and would later run the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA).
NGC 4945
NGC 4945 is a widely-studied barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Centaurus, visible near the optical double star Xi Centauri. It is also known as Caldwell 83. The galaxy was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop in 1826. It is located at a distance of approximately 11.0 million light-years (3.36 Mpc) from the Milky Way. NGC 4945 hosts one of the closest active galactic nuclei to Earth and is classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy.

NGC 4945 is one of the brightest galaxies of the Centaurus A/M83 Group, a large, nearby group of galaxies. The galaxy is the second brightest galaxy in the subgroup centered on Centaurus A.

Galaxy group
A galaxy group or group of galaxies (GrG) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 1010 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxies larger than groups that are first-order clustering are called galaxy clusters. The groups and clusters of galaxies can themselves be clustered, into superclusters of galaxies.

The Milky Way galaxy is part of a group of galaxies called the Local Group.