hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jeep-Eagle
Jeep-Eagle was the name of the automobile sales division created by the Chrysler Corporation after the US$2 billion takeover of American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1987. The division marketed a variety of vehicles until 1997.

The division focused on the commercialisation of Jeep and Eagle brands of vehicles.

Takeover
In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer or bidder). In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a public company whose shares are publicly listed, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

Management of the target company may or may not agree with a proposed takeover, and this has resulted in the following takeover classifications: friendly, hostile, reverse or back-flip. Financing a takeover often involves loans or bond issues which may include junk bonds as well as a simple cash offer. It can also include shares in the new company.
Ixworth Thorpe
Ixworth Thorpe is a small village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of the English county of Suffolk. The village is located on the A1088 road around 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of the larger village of Ixworth and 7 miles (11.3 km) north-east of Bury St Edmunds. In 2005 its estimated population was 60. The parish council is operated jointly with Ixworth. From the 2011 Census the population of the village was not recorded separately.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Architecture criticism
Architecture criticism is the critique of architecture. Everyday criticism relates to published or broadcast critiques of buildings, whether completed or not, both in terms of news and other criteria. In many cases, criticism amounts to an assessment of the architect's success in meeting their own aims and objectives and those of others. The assessment may consider the subject from the perspective of some wider context, which may involve planning, social or aesthetic issues. It may also take a polemical position reflecting the critic's own values. At the most accessible extreme, architectural criticism is a branch of lifestyle journalism, especially in the case of high-end residential projects.

Nancy Levinson
Nancy Levinson is an editor and writer working at the intersection of journalism, scholarship, architecture, and urbanism. She has been the editor and executive director of Places journal since 2008. She was the Founding Director of the Phoenix Urban Research Lab at The Design School at Arizona State University, and a founding editor of Harvard Design Magazine at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Woolston, north Shropshire
Woolston, in the north of the county of Shropshire, England, is a hamlet located in the parish of Oswestry Rural, just to the south east of Maesbury Marsh, near Oswestry (in the St Oswald electoral division of Shropshire Council unitary authority, previously part of the borough of Oswestry until its abolition in 2009).

Nearby is St Winifred's Well. According to legend, it is thought that on her way to Shrewsbury Abbey, Winifred's body was laid there overnight and a spring sprang up out of the ground. The well is covered by a 15th-century half-timbered cottage. The water flows through a series of stone troughs and into a large pond, which then flows into a stream. The cottage is maintained by the Landmark Trust.

Borough of Oswestry
52°51′40″N 3°03′18″W﻿ / ﻿52.861°N 3.055°W﻿ / 52.861; -3.055

The Borough of Oswestry was a local government district with borough status in Shropshire, England, from medieval times until its abolition in 2009. Until 1974 the borough just covered the town of Oswestry itself. The borough was enlarged in 1974 to also include the surrounding rural area.

Its council was based in Oswestry, the only town and largest settlement in the borough. Villages in the borough included Morda, St Martin's, Whittington, Gobowen, Pant, Trefonen and Ruyton XI Towns.

The district and its council were abolished on 1 April 2009 when the new Shropshire unitary authority was established, as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England.
1947 Dustabad earthquake
The 1947 Dustabad earthquake, also known as the Charmeh earthquake, occurred in South Khorasan province of northeastern Iran on 23 September. The mainshock had a magnitude of Mw 6.9 and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It was accompanied by a Mw  6.1 aftershock on 26 September. These earthquakes killed an estimated 500 people.

Aftershock
In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousands of instrumentally detectable aftershocks, which steadily decrease in magnitude and frequency according to a consistent pattern. In some earthquakes the main rupture happens in two or more steps, resulting in multiple main shocks. These are known as doublet earthquakes, and in general can be distinguished from aftershocks in having similar magnitudes and nearly identical seismic waveforms.
White Deer Plain (novel)
White Deer Plain (白鹿原; Bailu yuan), also translated into English as  The Field of the White Deer, is a novel written by Chen Zhongshi.  The novel began serialization in 1992 and it was published in full in June 1993.   Spanning more than 50 years of 20th century Chinese history, it depicts the five decades or so entanglements and struggles between two rural clans in the Bailu Plain near the city of Xi'an in Shaanxi province.  In 1997, the novel won the 4th Mao Dun Literature Prize.

The epic scope of the novel has also made it a frequent comparison with Lu Yao's Ordinary World which was published in the 1980s, and also won the Mao Dun Literature Prize.

The novel has been adapted twice; into a 2011 film adaptation and a 2017 television series adaptation.

White Deer Plain (film)
White Deer Plain (Chinese: 白鹿原; pinyin: Bái Lù Yuán) is a 2011 Chinese drama film directed by Wang Quan'an and based on the novel of the same name by Chen Zhongshi. The film competed in competition for the Golden Bear at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival, where Lutz Reitemeier was awarded a Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution (Photography).

The film focuses primarily on Bai Juaxian, his son Xiaowen and Hei Wa up to the point of the war with Japan.  Many of the other characters in the novel are not mentioned.
Canik Başarı University
Canik Başarı University (Turkish: Canik Başarı Üniversitesi), başarı meaning "success", was a private university in Canik, a district of Samsun, Turkey.

Established in 2012 and directed by a foundation ("Vakıf" in Turkish), it constituted the first private university in Samsun Province, The university was one out of fifteen private universities that were closed by the Turkish government in the course of the 2016 Turkish purges following the 15 July failed coup attempt.

Canik
Canik is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 264 km2, and its population is 100,641 (2022). It is located to the east of the city center of Samsun.

Canik means land of Tzan/Can Laz people and became one of the four town municipalities under the patronage of Samsun Metropolitan Municipality in 1994. The region was largely settled by middle and lower working-class people in those days, but recent years made a big impact in the local economy. In 2008 the district Canik was created from part of the former central district of Samsun, along with İlkadım and Atakum. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.
Twixlum
Twixlum  is a village in Lower Saxony, Germany. Located to the northwest of the city, it is administratively a district (Stadtteil) of Emden. The village was incorporated as such on 1 July 1972, as were the villages of Logumer Vorwerk and Wybelsum.

Twixlum has retained its village character. In the center of the village is the village church. The current church was built around 1500. The tower, which is lower than the church, is a remnant of an older church that was probably built in the fourteenth century.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Cedar Ridge High School (Arkansas)
Cedar Ridge High School is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in Newark, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education in grades 6 through 12 for approximately 220 square miles (570 km2) of rural, distant communities of eastern Independence County, Arkansas including Newark, Cord, Charlotte, and Oil Trough. It is  administered by the Cedar Ridge School District. In 2003, Cedar Ridge School District was formed resulting in the consolidation of the former Cord-Charlotte High School and Newark High School.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Mount Machray
Mount Machray is located on the western side of Grant Pass, NE side of Mount Robson Provincial Park on the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It was named in 1923 after Robert Machray, Archbishop of Rupert's Land.: 160

Robert Machray (bishop)
Christianity portal

Robert Machray (17 May 1831 – 9 March 1904) was an Anglican bishop and missionary and the first Primate of the Church of England in Canada (now called the Anglican Church of Canada).
Bundibugyo ebolavirus
The species Bundibugyo ebolavirus (/ˌbʊndiˈbʊdʒɔː/ BUUN-dee-BUUJ-aw) is the taxonomic home of one virus, Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), that forms filamentous virions and is closely related to the infamous Ebola virus (EBOV). The virus causes severe disease in humans in the form of viral hemorrhagic fever and is a Select agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.

Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents include bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or their toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in biological warfare. Further, modern agribusiness is vulnerable to anti-agricultural attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as consumer confidence. The latter destructive activity is called agrobioterrorism and is a subtype of agro-terrorism.
Furculattus
Furculattus is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Its only species is Furculattus maxillosus. It occurs on the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain, New Guinea, where it was found in the canopy of rain forests.

Gazelle Peninsula
The Gazelle Peninsula is a large peninsula in northeastern East New Britain, Papua New Guinea located on the island of New Britain within the Bismarck Archipelago, situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
The Rabaul caldera is located on the northern tip of the peninsula. 
Upon the Gazelle Peninsula are the Baining Mountains, of which the highest point is Mount Sinewit at 2,063 m (6,768 ft).
The Gazelle Peninsula houses Vulcan Crater and Mount Tavurvur, both of which conducted volcanic activity in the 20th and 21st centuries and have provided extremely fertile soils.
The body of the Gazelle Peninsula is about 80 km (50 mi).
The southern isthmus upon which the Gazelle Peninsula is connected to the main body of East New Britain is reduced to about 32 km (20 mi).
Bannerman's turaco
Bannerman's turaco (Tauraco bannermani) is a species of bird in the family Musophagidae. It is endemic to Cameroon. In French it is known as touraco de Bannerman or touraco doré. Its scientific and common names honour the ornithologist David Armitage Bannerman. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat destruction and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as an "endangered species".

David Armitage Bannerman
David Armitage Bannerman (27 November 1886 – 6 April 1979) was a British ornithologist. From 1919 to 1952 he was Curator of the British Museum of Natural History (now called the Natural History Museum, London).
Intelligence Wing of the Rapid Action Battalion
The Intelligence Wing of the Rapid Action Battalion is the intelligence and covert operations branch of the Rapid Action Battalion, an elite counter-terrorism and serious crime unit under the Bangladesh Police. Established in 2005, the wing is responsible for gathering intelligence, conducting surveillance, interrogations, and supporting operational battalions in high-risk missions. It has played a key role in Bangladesh's counter-terrorism efforts but has faced significant criticism for alleged involvement in human rights abuses, including enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings.

Ziaul Ahsan
Ziaul Ahsan (born 4 December 1970) is a former two-star officer of Bangladesh Army and the antecedent director general of National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre. Ahsan is notorious for his extrajudicial and enforced disappearance assignments while tenuring at Rapid Action Battalion under the regime of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He was relieved of his duties and detained forthwith after the Student–People's uprising. The Daily Amar Desh alleged that he killed a total of 1,030 enforced disappeared persons during his career at the order of Sheikh Hasina.
Chang Ko-hsin
Chang Ko-hsin (born 20 June 1980) is a retired Taiwanese pole vaulter.

She finished fifth at the 1998 Asian Games, won the silver medal at the 1999 Asian Junior Championships, won the silver medal at the 2000 Asian Championships, finished fifteenth at the 2001 Summer Universiade, sixth at the 2002 Asian Championships, sixth at the 2002 Asian Games, sixth at the 2003 Asian Championships, won the bronze medal at the 2004 Asian Indoor Championships and the silver medal at the 2005 Asian Championships. She also competed at the 1998 World Junior Championships without reaching the final.

Her personal best jump is 4.10 metres, achieved in April 2003 in Kaohsiung and then equalled twice in 2005. This was the Taiwanese record until 2018. She holds the Taiwanese indoor record with 4.00 metres, achieved in February 2004 in Kanonji.

1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the eighth edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 30 September to 3 October in Singapore. A total of 43 events were contested, which were divided equally between male and female athletes aside from the men's 3000 metres steeplechase.
Schlessinger's theorem
In algebra, Schlessinger's theorem is a theorem in deformation theory introduced by Schlessinger (1968) that gives conditions for a functor of artinian local rings to be pro-representable, refining an earlier theorem of Grothendieck.

Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.  Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces.   Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in every area of mathematics where category theory is applied.

The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively.  The latter used functor in a linguistic context;
see function word.
Namibia at the Rugby World Cup
Namibia has competed in seven Rugby World Cup tournaments, having qualified as the African representative. The Namibian rugby union team, nicknamed the Welwitschias after the Namibian national symbol, made their first appearance at the Rugby World Cup in 1999 and appeared at the following six tournaments. Namibia has so far played 26 games at that cup without ever winning one.

Namibia's best match result was in 2015 when they lost to Georgia by a single point. Namibia's worst match result was in 2003 when they lost to Australia 0-142, which is the record of the biggest winning margin. So far Namibia has not hosted any World Cup games.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
2003 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2003 Hong Kong Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that took place at the Hong Kong Stadium between 28 and 30 March 2003. It was the 28th edition of the Hong Kong Sevens and was the fifth tournament of the 2002–03 IRB Sevens World Series. Twenty-four teams competed in the tournament and were separated into six groups of four with the top eight teams qualifying through to the cup tournament.

Due to the SARS outbreak that was occurring in Hong Kong, some teams delayed their arrival to the country with three teams (Argentina, France and Italy withdrawing from the competition.

England defended their Hong Kong title that they won the previous year defeating New Zealand in the final by a score of 22–17. The plate-final saw Canada defeat Scotland while the United States took home the bowl defeating Japan.

Italy national rugby sevens team
The Italy national rugby sevens team has occasionally competed in the IRB Sevens World Series since the series' was introduced in 1999, although they do not participate in every leg. Their first (and currently only) ever points in the World Series came in 2003, when they scored four points in the Cardiff leg of the series. Italy also competes in the Rugby Europe Sevens Grand Prix Series each summer.

Italy also plays qualifying matches for two quadrennial tournaments—the Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Summer Olympics. Italy has participated in the Sevens World Cup multiple times, but has not qualified for the Olympics.
Paavo Lonkila
Paavo Olavi Lonkila (born Lång on 11 January 1923 – 22 September 2017) was a Finnish cross-country skier. He won a gold medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1952 Olympics and finished third in the individual 18 km race, 11 seconds behind his teammate Tapio Mäkelä. Earlier his 4 × 10 km relay team placed second at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, where he finished fifth over 18 km. He won the 18 km event at the 1951 Holmenkollen ski festival. Lonkila was a farmer by occupation.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950 took place during February 1–6, 1950 in Lake Placid, New York, United States and Rumford, Maine, United States. This was Lake Placid's second time hosting the championships after having done so at the 1932 Winter Olympics. It also marked the first time after World War II the event took place after the Winter Olympics in a non-Olympic year (St. Moritz, Switzerland hosted the 1948 Winter Olympics two years earlier), the second time the world championships occurred outside Europe, the first time they had occurred outside Europe in a non-Olympic year, and the only time the United States has hosted the event in a non-Olympic year.  The ski-jumping events were held at Lake Placid, while the cross-country skiing events (originally planned to also be held at Lake Placid) were moved to Rumford due to insufficient snow.
Bruno Telushi
Bruno Telushi (born 14 November 1990) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for AF Elbasani.

Telushi began his career with his local club Flamurtari, making his debut in 2011 after spending four years in Italy at Virtus Entella. From 2014 to 2017 he served as the captain of Flamurtari, replacing Franc Veliu. In 2017, he moved aboard for the first time, joining Croatia's Slaven Belupo. After a short spell, he returned in Albanian by joining Partizani Tirana, whom he won the Albanian Superliga title in the 2018–19 season. In August 2020, he joined Kukësi as a free agent.

A former youth international, Telushi first represented the under-17 squad and then the under-21, and is yet to make his senior debut, despite receiving a call-up in November 2012.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.