hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dorothy James
Dorothy James (1 December 1901 – 1 December 1982) was an American music educator and composer.

James was born in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from the Chicago Musical College and the American Conservatory of Music, where she studied with Louis Gruenberg for composition and Adolph Weidig for counterpoint. She continued her studies with Howard Hanson at Eastman School of Music, Healey Willan at the Toronto Conservatory, and Ernst Krenek at the University of Michigan. After completing her studies, she took a position in 1927 teaching music at Eastern Michigan University, then Michigan State Normal College, where she worked until retiring in 1968. She was awarded an honorary doctorate from the school in 1971.

American Conservatory of Music
The American Conservatory of Music (ACM) was a major American school of music founded in Chicago in 1886 by John James Hattstaedt (1851–1931). The conservatory was incorporated as an Illinois non-profit corporation. It developed the Conservatory Symphony Orchestra and had numerous student recitals. The oldest private degree-granting music school in the Midwestern United States, it was located in Chicago until 1991.

That year, 1991, its board of trustees—chaired by Frederic Wilbur Hickman—voted to close the institution, file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, liquidate the assets, and dissolve the corporation. The conservatory closed at the end of the semester, in May 1991.

An organization based in Hammond, Indiana, uses the name "American Conservatory of Music" and identifies as the reorganized continuation of the Chicago institution. It also has a base in Belize that was founded in 1886 and is currently led by Theodora Schultze.
Harold Pogson
Harold Pogson (24 August 1870 – 22 February 1906) was an English first-class cricketer and a colonial police officer in British India.

The son of the General John Pogson, he was born in British India at Kolhapur in August 1870. He later joined the Indian Imperial Police, where he would become the Superintendent of Police and Commandant of the Military Police for the Kathiawar Agency. In India, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the 1894–95 Bombay Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 9 runs in the Europeans first innings by Kekhashru Mistry, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Dinshaw Writer. He was a well known cricketer in Bombay and was a member of the Rajkot Cricket Club. Pogson died at Rajkot on 22 February 1906, from heat apoplexy leading to heart failure.

Europeans cricket team
The Europeans cricket team was an Indian first-class cricket team which took part in the annual Bombay Tournament and Lahore Tournament.  The team was founded by members of the European community in Bombay who played cricket at the Bombay Gymkhana.

The Europeans were involved in the Bombay tournament from its outset in 1877, when they accepted a challenge from the Parsis cricket team to a two-day match.  At this time, the competition was known as the Presidency Match.  They played first-class matches from 1892 to 1948.

There was also a European team composed of European cricketers from Madras Presidency who played in the Madras Presidency Matches.
Stevens Creek
Stevens Creek can refer to:

In Canada:

Stevens Creek (Ontario), a tributary of the Rideau River

In the United States:

Stevens Creek (California), a tributary of San Francisco Bay

Stevens Creek (Illinois), a tributary of the Sangamon River

Stevens Creek, Virginia, a community in Grayson County

Stevens Creek (Ontario)
Stevens Creek is a stream in Ontario, Canada. It springs in the marshes of Marlborough Forest, flowing northeast to North Gower, where a smaller unnamed stream joins Stevens Creek from the north. It drains into the Rideau River in Kars at its most easterly point.

Stevens Creek was named for Roger Stevens, a United Empire Loyalist and British spy who drowned there in 1793.
Laird Barron
Laird Samuel Barron (born March 5, 1970) is an American author and poet, much of whose work falls within the horror, noir, or horror noir and dark fantasy genres.  He has also been the managing editor of the online literary magazine Melic Review. He lives in Upstate New York.

Locus (magazine)
Locus: The Magazine of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field, founded in 1968, is an American magazine published monthly in Oakland, California. It is the news organ and trade journal for the English-language science fiction and fantasy fields. It also publishes comprehensive listings of all new books published in the genres (excluding self-published). The magazine also presents the annual Locus Awards. Locus Online was launched in April 1997, as a semi-autonomous web version of Locus Magazine.
Copa Sudamericana records and statistics
This page details the records and statistics of the Copa Sudamericana football tournament. The Copa Sudamericana is an international club tournament played annually in South America. It includes 3-8 teams from all ten CONMEBOL members. It is typically held from August to December and it consists of six stages. The all-time leader in titles won are Argentina's Boca Juniors, Independiente and Lanús; Ecuadorian's Independiente del Valle and LDU Quito and Brazilian Athletico Paranaense.

2011 Copa Sudamericana
The 2011 Copa Sudamericana de Clubes (officially the 2011 Copa Bridgestone Sudamericana de Clubes for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, South America's secondary international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The winner, Universidad de Chile, qualified for the 2012 Copa Libertadores, the 2012 Recopa Sudamericana, and the 2012 Suruga Bank Championship.
Crackerjack (1994 film)
Crackerjack is a 1994 Canadian-American action film directed by Michael Mazo, and starring Thomas Ian Griffith, Nastassja Kinski and Christopher Plummer. The setting is the Rocky Mountains. In the film, a troubled widowed cop (Griffith) and a tour guide (Kinski) attempt to prevent a high-stakes robber (Plummer) from burying the mountain hotel hosting a wealthy mobster—whom both cop and robber are after—in an avalanche. The film was part of a wave of 1990s Die Hard imitators, and is often regarded as one of the better-made independent efforts in that subgenre.

The film features a plot typical for terrorism-related films, with a terrorist group taking over a mountain resort, planning to destroy it in an intentional avalanche and to eliminate the other residents.

Nastassja Kinski
Nastassja Aglaia Kinski (German: [nasˈtasi̯a ˈkɪnskiː] ⓘ; née Nakszynski, Polish: [nakˈʂɨj̃skʲi]; born 24 January 1961) is a German actress and former model who has appeared in more than 60 films in Europe and the United States. Her worldwide breakthrough was with Stay as You Are (1978). She then came to global prominence with her Golden Globe Award-winning performance as the title character in the Roman Polanski-directed film Tess (1979). Other films in which she acted include the Francis Ford Coppola musical romance film One from the Heart (1982), erotic horror film Cat People (1982) from Paul Schrader, and the Wim Wenders drama films Paris, Texas (1984) and Faraway, So Close! (1993). She also appeared in the biographical drama film An American Rhapsody (2001). She is the daughter of German actor Klaus Kinski.
Pseudomanifold
In mathematics, a pseudomanifold is a special type of topological space. It looks like a manifold at most of its points, but it may contain singularities. For example, the cone of solutions of  forms a pseudomanifold.

A pseudomanifold can be regarded as a combinatorial realisation of the general idea of a manifold with singularities.  The concepts of orientability, orientation and degree of a mapping make sense for pseudomanifolds and moreover, within the combinatorial approach, pseudomanifolds form the natural domain of definition for these concepts.

Singularity (mathematics)
In mathematics, a singularity is a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point where the mathematical object ceases to be well-behaved in some particular way, such as by lacking differentiability or analyticity.

For example, the reciprocal function  has a singularity at , where the value of the function is not defined, as involving a division by zero. The absolute value function  also has a singularity at , since it is not differentiable there.

The algebraic curve defined by  in the  coordinate system has a singularity (called a cusp) at . For singularities in algebraic geometry, see singular point of an algebraic variety. For singularities in differential geometry, see singularity theory.
Panpanya
panpanya (Japanese: パンパンヤ, Hepburn: Panpanya) is a Japanese manga artist who made their commercial debut with Ashizuri Suizokukan (Ashizuri Aquarium) in 2013, and received critical acclaim. They subsequently published Invitation from a Crab in 2014, which also received praise. Since then they have been described as "one of the most beloved and influential doujinshi artists in Japan."

Doujinshi
Doujinshi (同人誌), also romanized as dōjinshi, is the Japanese term for self-published print works, such as magazines, manga, and novels. Part of a wider category of doujin (self-published) works, doujinshi are often derivative of existing works and created by amateurs, though some professional artists participate in order to publish material outside the regular industry.

Groups of doujinshi artists refer to themselves as a sākuru (サークル, circle). Several such groups actually consist of a single artist: they are sometimes called kojin sākuru (個人サークル, personal circles).

Since the 1980s, the main method of distribution has been through regular doujinshi conventions, the largest of which is called Comiket (short for "Comic Market") held in the summer and winter in Tokyo's Big Sight. At the convention, over 20 acres (81,000 m2) of doujinshi are bought, sold, and traded by attendees.
Patrick Bermingham
Patrick Bermingham (c.1460–1532) was an Irish judge and statesman of the Tudor period who held the offices of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland. He was a firm supporter of English rule in Ireland and enjoyed the confidence of Henry VIII, who regarded him as a mainstay of the Irish administration.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Georg Häfner
Joseph Georg Simon Häfner (19 October 1900, Würzburg – 20 August 1942, Dachau Concentration Camp) was a German Roman Catholic priest and martyr from the Diocese of Würzburg. On 15 May 2011 he was beatified in Würzburg Cathedral.

Würzburg Cathedral
Würzburg Cathedral (German: Würzburger Dom) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany, dedicated to Saint Kilian. It is the seat of the Bishop of Würzburg and has served as the burial place for the Prince-Bishops of Würzburg for hundreds of years. With an overall length of 103 metres, it is the fourth largest Romanesque church building in Germany, and a masterpiece of German architecture from the Salian period. Notable later additions include work by Tilman Riemenschneider and Balthasar Neumann. The cathedral was heavily damaged by British bombs in March 1945 but rebuilt post-World War II.
Paul John Marx
Bishop Paul John Marx, M.S.C. (12 March 1935 – 19 June 2018) was a French Roman Catholic prelate, who was bishop of Kerema, Papua New Guinea from 6 December 1988 until 13 March 2010.

Marx was born in Mutzig, France. He was ordained by Archbishop Peter Kurongku as Priest of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Kerema on 13 December 1985, aged 50, and as Bishop of Kerema on 6 December 1988, aged 53.

Kerema
Kerema is the capital of Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located on the coast of Gulf of Papua. The Gulf region is aptly named for its concave coastline with large deltas. The Gulf area is a riparian region where many rivers from the southern slopes of the highlands drain into.
2021 Paradise Jam
The 2021 Paradise Jam was an early-season men's and women's college basketball tournament. The tournament, which began in 2000, was part of the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season and 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The tournament was played at the Sports and Fitness Center in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Colorado State won the men's tournament, in the women's tournament Arizona won the Island Division, and Texas A&M won the Reef Division.

2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season
The 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 9, 2021. The regular season ended on March 6, 2022, with the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament beginning on March 18, and ending with the championship game at the Target Center in Minneapolis on April 3.
Pelopidas (skipper)
Pelopidas is a genus of skipper butterflies. They are commonly known as branded swifts or millet skippers. Polytremis kiraizana is sometimes placed here too. The genus was described by Francis Walker in 1870.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Harlem Yard
The Harlem Yard is a CTA rail yard in Forest Park, Illinois which stores cars for the Green Line of the Chicago Transit Authority. Currently, 5000-series railcars are stored here. It is adjacent to Harlem/Lake station.

Green Line (CTA)
The Green Line is a rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the only completely elevated route in the "L" system. All other routes may have various combinations of elevated, subway, street level (at grade), or freeway median sections. This line is also the only route with three terminals: trains departing Harlem/Lake alternate destinations between Ashland/63rd and Cottage Grove.

The Green Line utilizes the system's oldest segments, dating back to 1892. It extends for 20.695 miles (33.305 km), with 31 stations between Oak Park/Forest Park (Harlem/Lake) and Chicago's West Side, to the Loop, and then to the South Side neighborhoods of West Englewood (Ashland/63rd) and Woodlawn (Cottage Grove/63rd).
Pinocchio (1968 film)
Pinocchio is a 90-minute musical television film adaptation of Carlo Collodi's classic 1883 book. It aired on NBC on December 8, 1968, as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame series. In the UK, it aired on BBC1 on Boxing Day 1969.

Peter Noone, lead singer of Herman's Hermits, played Pinocchio and Burl Ives was cast as Mister Geppetto. Walter Marks wrote the songs, and the script was adapted by Ernest Kinoy.

Boxing Day
Boxing Day, also known as Offering Day, is a holiday celebrated on 26 December, the day after Christmas Day. Boxing Day was once a day to donate gifts to those in need, but it has evolved to become a part of Christmas festivities. It originated in the United Kingdom and is celebrated in several Commonwealth nations. The attached bank holiday or public holiday may take place on 27 or 28 December if necessary to ensure it falls on a weekday. Boxing Day is usually concurrent with the Christian festival Saint Stephen's Day.

In parts of Europe, such as east Spain (Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands), the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Catholic Romania, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Latvia and the Republic of Ireland, 26 December is Saint Stephen's Day, which is considered the second day of Christmas.
IDS Executive Compensation Review
IDS Executive Compensation Review (ECR) is journal which has been reporting on all aspects of pay and practice for managers and professionals since 1981. ECR provides guidance on market trends for specific job functions, new ideas in reward strategy, and the latest benchmarking data for those higher up the managerial ladder. The journal is known for its research into directors’ pay in both the public and private sectors, as well as its findings on the latest bonus payments for managers and professionals. The service is used by HR professionals, consultants, trade unions, government and the media.

IDS Executive Compensation Review is published by Incomes Data Services, an independent research organisation providing information and analysis on pay, conditions, pensions, employment law and HR policy practice in the UK and Europe.

Incomes Data Services
Incomes Data Services (IDS) was a British research organisation dedicated to employment-related areas.

Acquired by Thomson Reuters in September 2005, it was dedicated to providing original research, analysis and training on pay benchmarking, pay settlements, HR policy and practice, pensions law and practice, and employment law. IDS published numerous journals and books, had several subscription websites, and undertook contract research. In December 2014, Thomson Reuters announced its decision to close the business effective 31 March 2015, discontinuing the pay and HR products.

The employment law products – namely IDS Employment Law Brief, IDS Employment Law Handbooks, and IDS Employment Law Cases – continue to be published by Thomson Reuters and are available online through the Westlaw service.
Third encirclement campaign
The third encirclement campaign can refer to one of several encirclement campaigns launched during the 1930s by the Nationalist Government of China against the Chinese soviets created by the Chinese Communist Party. These include:

Third encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet, July 1 to September 18, 1931

Third encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet, November 1931 to June 17, 1932

Third encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Soviet

Third encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet, September 1931 to May 30, 1932

Third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet, August 1935 to October 25, 1935

Encirclement campaigns (Chinese Civil War)
The encirclement campaigns of the Chinese Civil War were Republic of China (ROC) offensives against Chinese Communist Party (CCP) revolutionary base areas in China from the late 1920s to 1934 during the Chinese Civil War.

The climax were the five "encirclement and suppression", or "extermination", campaigns against the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) from 1930 to 1934. The final campaign, developed with German advisors, destroyed the CSR's Jiangxi Soviet and precipitated the CCP's strategic retreat in the Long March.
146 Lucina
146 Lucina is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly on June 8, 1875, and named after Lucina, the Roman goddess of childbirth. It is large, dark and has a carbonaceous composition. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.

Photometric observations of this asteroid made during 1979 and 1981 gave a light curve with a period of 18.54 hours.

Two stellar occultations by Lucina have been observed so far, in 1982 and 1989. During the first event, a possible small satellite with an estimated 5.7 km diameter was detected at a distance of 1,600 km from 146 Lucina. A 1992 search using a CCD failed to discover a satellite larger than 0.6 km, although it may have been obscured by occultation mask. Further evidence for a satellite emerged in 2003, this time based on astrometric measurements.

Alphonse Borrelly
Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly (December 8, 1842 – February 28, 1926) was a French astronomer born in Roquemaure, Gard.

He joined the Marseille Observatory in 1864. In the course of his career, he discovered a number of asteroids and comets, including the periodic comet 19P/Borrelly. He also discovered five NGC objects, all galaxies.

The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Valz for 1903 and the Prix Lalande for 1909. The asteroid 1539 Borrelly was named in his honor.

In 1913, he received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society.
Aastha Gill
Aastha Gill (born 24 June 1991) is an Indian singer and songwriter known for her work in Bollywood and Punjabi pop music. She gained popularity for her contributions to film soundtracks, including "Dhup Chik" from Fugly (2014), "Abhi Toh Party Shuru Hui Hai" from Khoobsurat (2014) and "DJ Wale Babu" (2015). Aastha has also released several successful singles and collaborated with various artists.

Mirchi Music Awards
Mirchi Music Awards are presented annually by Radio Mirchi to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Hindi language film music industry of India. The awards, given in seventeen different categories, were instituted to award the best of 2008. In 2010, the Southern edition of the awards – Mirchi Music Awards South was launched, to award the best of 2009. through which artists from the four South Indian film industries—Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam—are being honoured. In 2012, the Bengali edition of the awards – Mirchi Music Awards Bangla was launched, to award the best of 2011. The 2019 Mirchi Music Awards is co-powered by Smule, the world's largest music social network, and will have the winner of the Smule Mirchi Cover Star perform on stage at the event.
Wazakhwa
Wāzakhwā (Pashto: وازه خوا), also known as Mashōṟêy (مشوړۍ) or Marjān (مرجان), is a village in Paktika Province, in southeastern-central Afghanistan. The town is located within the heartland of the Sulaimankhel tribe of Ghilji Pashtuns.

Sulaimankhel
The Sulaimankhel (Pashto: سليمان خېل), or Suleiman Khel, are a Pashtun sub-tribe of the Khilji tribe. As they are primarily Nomadic People. In the early 20th century, the tribe was recognized as generally pastoral.
Bombardment
A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or cities and buildings.

Before World War I, the term was limited to the bombardment of defenseless or undefended objects, houses, public buildings, etc. It was loosely employed to describe artillery attacks upon forts or fortified positions in preparation for assaults by infantry. Since then, it has come to mean any mass attack delivered by artillery or short-range tactical missiles, and later, aerial bombardment delivered by aircraft or long-range missiles.

Military aircraft
A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary military of any type. Some military aircraft engage directly in aerial warfare, while others take on support roles:

Combat aircraft, such as fighters and bombers, are designed to destroy enemy equipment or personnel using their own ordnance. Combat aircraft are typically developed and procured only by military forces.

Non-combat aircraft, such as transports and tankers, are not designed for combat as their primary function but may carry weapons for self-defense. These mainly operate in support roles, and may be developed by either military forces or civilian organizations.