hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitsubishi Ki-46
The Mitsubishi Ki-46 is a twin-engine reconnaissance aircraft that was used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Its Army Shiki designation was Type 100 Command Reconnaissance Aircraft (一〇〇式司令部偵察機); the Allied brevity code name was "Dinah".

Reconnaissance aircraft
A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a  military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.

Before the development of devices such as radar, military forces relied on reconnaissance aircraft for visual observation and scouting of enemy movement.  An example is the PBY Catalina maritime patrol flying boat used by the Allies in World War II:  a flight of U.S. Navy Catalinas spotted part of the Japanese fleet approaching Midway Island, beginning the Battle of Midway.
Three Horseshoes, Southall
The Three Horseshoes was a public house at Uxbridge Road and South Road at Southall Broadway, Southall, London.

It was built between 1914 and 1922 (construction was delayed by World War I) by the architect Nowell Parr.

In 1989, the local council proposed to demolish The Three Horseshoes as part of a town centre redevelopment scheme. However, this was opposed by CAMRA, the Twentieth Century Society and English Heritage, who nearly spot-listed the pub to save it.

CAMRA call it "perhaps one of the best examples of the earlier Nowell Parr's work".

It closed on 4 December 2016 and has been converted into shops and flats.

Twentieth Century Society
The Twentieth Century Society (abbreviated to C20), founded in 1979 as The Thirties Society, is a British charity that campaigns for the preservation of architectural heritage from 1914 onwards. It is formally recognised as one of the National Amenity Societies, and as such is a statutory consultee on alterations to listed buildings within its period of interest.
Shin Abarenbō Shōgun
Shin Abarenbō Shōgun (新・暴れん坊将軍) (literally: New Unfettered Shogun) is a 2025 Japanese jidaigeki TV film directed by Takashi Miike. It is a revival of the Japanese TV series The Unfettered Shogun, the second-longest-running Japanese series starring the same lead actor, and presents fictitious events in the life of Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shōgun. Ken Matsudaira, star of the original The Unfettered Shogun series, reprised his role in the TV film.

Ken Matsudaira
Ken Matsudaira (松平 健, Matsudaira Ken; familiarly shortened as Matsuken, born November 28, 1953) is a Japanese actor and musician from Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. His real name is Sueshichi Suzuki (鈴木 末七, Suzuki Sueshichi).
Save Our Springs Alliance
Save Our Springs Alliance (SOS), originally called the Save Our Springs Legal Defense Fund, was a nonprofit corporation created to protect the citizen-drafted SOS Ordinance of 1992 to conserve Barton Springs in Austin, Texas.  The ordinance was written by citizens in reaction to the city's "Composite Ordinance," which citizens regarded as insufficient to save Barton Springs.

Barton Springs
Barton Springs is a set of four natural water springs located at Barton Creek on the grounds of Zilker Park in Austin, Texas, resulting from water flowing through the Edwards Aquifer. The largest spring, Main Barton Spring (also known as Parthenia, "the mother spring"), supplies water to Barton Springs Pool, a popular recreational destination in Austin. The smaller springs are located nearby, two with man-made structures built to contain and direct their flow.  The springs are the only known habitat of the Barton Springs Salamander, an endangered species.

The Barton Creek National Archeological and Historic District was formed in 1985.
Subhash Guttedar
Subhash Rukmaiah Guttedar  (Guttedar Subhash Rukmayya ) is an Indian politician and former Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Aland as a Bharatiya Janata Party member. He was elected to Karnataka Legislative Assembly (MLA)  from Aland vidhana sabha constituency in the years 2008, 1999 and 1994 and in 2013 and 2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly he lost from Aland vidhana sabha constituency. He has two sons, Santosh S Guttedar and Harshanand S Guttedar (Three times ZP Member) and one daughter.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
1987 French Grand Prix
The 1987 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 5 July 1987 at the Circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet. It was the sixth race of the 1987 Formula One World Championship. It was the 65th French Grand Prix and the eleventh to be held at Paul Ricard, and the second to be held on the shortened version of the circuit. The race was held over 80 laps of the 3.813-kilometre (2.369 mi) circuit for a race distance of 305.040 kilometres (189.543 mi).

The race was won by British driver Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Honda, after he started from pole position. Mansell took his second victory of the season by 7.7 seconds from Brazilian teammate Nelson Piquet, with local driver Alain Prost third in a McLaren-TAG.

Drivers' Championship leader, Brazilian Ayrton Senna, finished fourth in his Lotus-Honda, which was enough for him to retain the championship lead by one point over Prost, with Piquet and Mansell three and six points behind respectively.

Arrows A10
The Arrows A10 was a Formula One car designed by Ross Brawn for the Arrows team. The original A10 was used in the 1987 Formula One World Championship while an updated version, the A10B, was used in the 1988 Championship. In both seasons, the car was powered by a Megatron-badged BMW turbocharged engine, and driven by Briton Derek Warwick and American Eddie Cheever.
Julio Luciano
Julio Luciano Ovedo (born 10 October 1977) is a retired Dominican Republic high jumper.

He won the silver medal at the 1997 Central American and Caribbean Championships, the bronze medal at the 1998 Central American and Caribbean Games, and the gold medal at the 1999 Central American and Caribbean Championships. He also competed at the 1996 Olympic Games and the 1997 World Championships without reaching the final.

Luciano's personal best jump is 2.24 metres, achieved in Santo Domingo in June 1996.

1997 World Championships in Athletics – Men's high jump
These are the official results of the men's high jump event at the 1997 IAAF World Championships in Athens, Greece. There were a total number of 35 participating athletes, with two qualifying groups and the final held on Wednesday 1997-08-06.
Mary Ann Croswell
Mary Ann Croswell (died 1830) was an English silversmith.

Croswell was the widow of smallworker Henry Croswell I, and registered her first mark on 21 May 1805, following with a second on 29 August 1816. A smallworker like her husband, she gave an address of 31 Monkwell Street in London. In October 1819 her son Henry Croswell became her apprentice. She may have been active as late as 1830; her will, in which the business was left to her son, was proved on 29 January that year. Other apprentices besides her son included Joseph Price and John Goodluck.

A George III toy rattle of silver and coral, dating to 1808 and attributed to Croswell, is in the collection of the National Museum of Women in the Arts.

Baby rattle
A baby rattle is a rattle produced specifically for the amusement of an infant. Rattles have been used for this purpose since antiquity, and experts in child development believe they help the infant improve hand-eye coordination by stimulating their senses.
Al-Domi
Al-Domi - from the Hebrew "do not remain silent" - was an organization founded in 1942 by Jews in Palestine to exhort for the rescue of Jews under Nazi rule.

The phrase "Al-Domi" comes from Psalm 83:1.

Founding members included Schmuel-Yosef Agnon, Yosef Klausner and Schmuel Hugo Bergman.  The second meeting was also attended by Yitzak Halevi Herzog (chief rabbi), Daniel Auster (then deputy mayor of Jerusalem), Martin Buber, Judah Magnes, David Shimonovitz, Yosef Kruk and Henrietta Szold, among others.

Shmuel Yosef Agnon
Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Hebrew: שמואל יוסף עגנון; August 8, 1887 – February 17, 1970) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Israeli novelist, poet, and short-story writer. He was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew literature.  In Hebrew, he is known by the pseudonym Shai Agnon (ש"י עגנון‎). In English, his works are published under the name S. Y. Agnon.

Agnon was born in Eastern Galicia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and later immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, and died in Jerusalem.

His works deal with the conflict between the traditional Jewish life and language and the modern world. They also attempt to recapture the fading traditions of the European shtetl (village). In a wider context, he also contributed to broadening the characteristic conception of the narrator's role in literature. Agnon had a distinctive linguistic style, mixing modern and rabbinic Hebrew.

In 1966, he shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with the poet Nelly Sachs.
Artūrs Zakreševskis
Artūrs Zakreševskis (born 7 August 1971) is a former football defender from Latvia and is currently the assistant of Latvia U-15 team. He is currently a member of Latvia national beach soccer team too.

He started his career in Vidus Riga, and has since played for RAF Jelgava, Daugava Riga, FHK Liepājas Metalurgs, FC Skonto and now FK Rīga.

He debuted for the Latvia national team in 1995, and was included in the Euro 2004 squad. He has played 55 international matches and scored one goal.

FK Rīga
FK Rīga was a Latvian football club based in Riga. They played in the Virslīga, the top division in Latvian football. They played their home games at Latvijas Universitātes Stadions. In 1999, its first year of existence, the club won the Latvian Cup, beating Skonto at the final. The club also played in the UEFA Cup. In 2007, FK Rīga achieved its best result in Virslīga so far by finishing 3rd as the highest placed club from Riga.

FK Rīga played in the 2008 Intertoto Cup. Their first round opponents were Fylkir from suburban Árbær in the eastern part of Reykjavík. In the second round. they played Irish club Bohemian and, as against Fylkir, the home leg was played in the city of Liepāja, approximately 217 kilometres from Riga.

At the end of the 2007–08 season the club went bankrupt due to its financial problems and the football school, that was in the club's system, joined FK Olimps/ASK (later known as RFS/Olimps).
WBGH-CD
WBGH-CD (channel 20, cable channel 5) is a low-power, Class A television station in Binghamton, New York, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside ABC affiliate WIVT (channel 34). The two stations share studios on Ingraham Hill Road in the town of Binghamton, where WBGH-CD's transmitter is also located.

Even though WBGH-CD transmits a digital signal of its own, its broadcast range is limited to the immediate Binghamton area. However, in order to serve the entire market, WBGH-CD has been carried in 720p high definition on WIVT's second digital subchannel since February 9, 2010. A direct-to-cable full 1080i HD feed of WBGH-CD/WIVT-DT2 is carried on Charter Spectrum channel 5 (hence the NBC 5 branding).

Spectrum (brand)
Spectrum is the trade name of Charter Communications. The name is widely used by both market consumers and commercial businesses. Services that Spectrum offers include cable television, internet access, internet security, managed services, mobile phone, and unified communications.

The Spectrum brand name was introduced in 2014. Prior to that, these services were marketed primarily under the Charter brand. Following the acquisitions of Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks by Charter in 2016, these operations also merged into the Spectrum brand.
Master Gerhard
Meister or Master Gerhard (c. 1210 allegedly in Reil – 24 or 25 April 1271 in Cologne) was the first master mason of Cologne Cathedral. He was also known as Gerhard von Rile or by the Latin version of his name, Meister Gerardus.

He fell to his death during construction of the cathedral.

Reil, Germany
Reil (German pronunciation: [ʁaɪl]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Reil is strongly characterized by winegrowing and tourism. It was the second capital of the Kröver Reich, a Carolingian crown estate that existed until the French Revolution.
Hispano-Bretón
The Hispano-Bretón is a Spanish breed of horse developed by crossing native Pura Raza Española horses with imported Breton draught horses. The breed is found mainly in two separate areas of northern Spain: Castile and León and parts of neighboring Cantabria; and the Pyrenees of Catalonia. The Hispano-Bretón is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.

Draft horse
A draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK), also known as dray horse, carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to pull heavy loads and work agricultural tasks such as plowing. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament. While indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers, draft horses today are used for many purposes such as driving, logging, and farming, as well as recreation and showing. Draft horses have been crossed with light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred to create sport horse and warmblood breeds.
Dan Block
Daniel Block is an American jazz clarinetist who has worked with artists such as Charles Mingus, Toshiko Akiyoshi and Gerry Mulligan. He is a member of the Marty Grosz Band, and also can be found in the pits of various Broadway shows in New York City.

Gerry Mulligan
Gerald Joseph Mulligan (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996), also known as Jeru, was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, pianist, composer and arranger. Though primarily known as one of the leading jazz baritone saxophonists—playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of cool jazz—Mulligan was also a significant arranger working with Claude Thornhill, Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, and others. His piano-less quartet of the early 1950s with trumpeter Chet Baker is still regarded as one of the best cool jazz ensembles. Mulligan was also a skilled pianist and played several other reed instruments. Several of his compositions, including "Walkin' Shoes" and "Five Brothers", have become standards.
Black Notebooks
The Black Notebooks (German: Schwarze Hefte) are a set of 34 notebooks written by German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) between October 1931 and 1970. They were originally a set of small notebooks with black covers in which Heidegger jotted observations (sometimes called "sketches").

Heidegger called the Black Notebooks the “workshop notes” (“Werkstattaufzeichnungen”). One of Heidegger's assistants, Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann, said the Notebooks were kept on a table next to Heidegger's bed, and that Heidegger wrote in the notebooks at night before going to sleep.

German philosophy
German philosophy is philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people. It is influential for both contemporary philosophical schools: the analytic and continental traditions. It covers figures such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Gottlob Frege, Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and the Frankfurt School.  The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard is often also included in surveys of German philosophy due to his extensive engagement with German thinkers. German philosophers are central to major philosophical movements such as rationalism, German idealism, Romanticism, dialectical materialism, existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, logical positivism, and critical theory.
Tessenberg
Tessenberg (French: Montagne de Diesse or Plateau de Diesse) is an elevated plateau in Switzerland. It is located above Lake Biel, on the southern slopes of Chasseral, at an elevation of about 800 m. It is divided between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Neuchâtel, and three municipalities, Nods, Lignières and Plateau de Diesse.

The plateau is drained by Twannbach to the east and by Ruisseau de Vaux to the south-west, both emptying into Lake Biel, and as such part of the Aare basin.

It can be reached by a funicular, the Vinifuni Ligerz–Prêles, from Ligerz railway station.

Plateau de Diesse
Plateau de Diesse (French pronunciation: [plato də djɛs]) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).  On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing and Prêles merged into the municipality of Plateau de Diesse.
Geoffrey Cain
Geoffrey Cain is an American journalist and author. He writes about geopolitics, national security, technology and multinational companies. His reporting has been published in The Economist, Time, Wired (magazine), Foreign Policy, The New Republic and The Wall Street Journal. He is a regular commentator on Bloomberg TV, BBC, CNN, and NPR.

Cain is the author of the books, Samsung Rising and the The Perfect Police State. He received the citation for the Cornelius Ryan Award for The Perfect Police State.

He has been accused of spying by news media aligned with the Cambodian People's Party. This was part of a political crackdown leading up to the arrest of Kem Sokha, the former leader of the now-disbanded opposition party, on treason charges.

Cornelius Ryan Award
The Cornelius Ryan Award is given for "best nonfiction book on international affairs" by the Overseas Press Club of America (OPC).  To be eligible for this literary award a book must be published "in the US or by a US based company or distributed for an American audience" during the year prior to that in which the award is given.  The winner is chosen in a competition juried by peers from the journalism industry.

Recipients of the award receive a certificate and $1000.  The Cornelius Ryan Award is one of 25 different awards currently given by the OPC for excellence in journalism at their annual award dinner, usually held at the end of April.  The award is named for the journalist and author Cornelius Ryan, who himself, twice received this, his own namesake award (1959 for The Longest Day and 1974 for A Bridge Too Far).

In 2009 the judges were Chris Power (Bloomberg BusinessWeek), Robert Dowling (Caixin Media Group), and Robert Teitelman (The Deal).
Magneto-electric spin-orbit
Magneto-electric spin-orbit (MESO) is a technology designed for constructing scalable integrated circuits, that works with a different operating principle than CMOS devices such as MOSFETs, proposed by Intel, that is compatible with CMOS device manufacturing techniques and machinery.

MESO devices operate by the coupling of the magnetoelectric effect with the spin orbit coupling. Specifically, the magnetoelectric effect will induce a change in magnetization within the device due to an induced electric field, which can then be read out by the spin orbit coupling component which converts it into an electric charge. This mechanism is analogous to how a CMOS device operates with the source, gate and drain electrodes working together to form a logic gate.

As of 2020, the technology is under development by Intel and University of California, Berkeley. The first experiment, conducted in 2020 in nanoGUNE, proved that spin-orbit coupling could be used for implementing  MESO.

Magnetoelectric effect
In its most general form, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) denotes any coupling between the magnetic and the electric properties of a material. The first example of such an effect was described by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1888, who found that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. A material where such a coupling is intrinsically present is called a magnetoelectric.

Some promising applications of the ME effect are sensitive detection of magnetic fields, advanced logic devices and tunable microwave filters.
Pioneer Mine
The Pioneer Mine was an underground iron mine in Ely, Minnesota, United States, in operation from 1889 to 1967.  It is one of only two such mines on the Vermilion Range whose above-ground structures are still standing, the other being the Soudan Mine.  The Pioneer Mine Buildings and "A" Headframe were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 1978 for their state-level significance in the themes of engineering and industry.  They were nominated for being some of the last vestiges of a once-common mining technique on the Vermilion Range.

The complex is undergoing adaptive reuse as the Ely Arts & Heritage Center.

Ely, Minnesota
Ely (/ˈiːli/ EE-lee) is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,268 at the 2020 census.

Located on the Vermilion iron range, Ely once had several iron ore mines. It is an entry point for campers and canoers into the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and Canada's Quetico Provincial Park wilderness area. The International Wolf Center and the North American Bear Center are nearby.

Ely's main street has nature outfitters, outdoor clothing stores, and restaurants. MN 1, MN 169, and County Road 21 (Central Avenue) are Ely's main routes. The city is 16 mi (26 km) south of the Canadian border and is within the Superior National Forest.
KDF Energy
KDF Energy is the leader greenhouse gases emissions trading on the Romanian market. The company was set up in 2002, has subsidiaries in Bulgaria, Greece and Lithuania and is fully controlled by Romanian citizen George Brăiloiu.

KDF Energy is a member of Dutch-based environmental commodities exchange Climex and trades with foreign brokers on London’s European Climate Exchange (ECX) and Paris-based BlueNext.

BlueNext
BlueNext was a European environmental trading exchange, considered the largest CO2 permit spot market, with headquarters in Paris, France. On October 26, 2012, BlueNext announced that it would close permanently its spot and derivatives trading operations as of December 5, 2012.
0s BC
The 0s BC is the period between 9 BC and 1 BC, the last nine years of the before Christ era. It is one of two "0-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain nine years, along with the 0s.

This is a list of events occurring in the 0s BC ordered by year.

AD 33
AD 33 (XXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman world as the Year of the Consulship of Ocella and Sulla (or, less frequently, year 786 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 33 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in the world for naming years.