hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gug Tappeh, Kurdistan
Gug Tappeh (Persian: گوگ تپه, also romanized as Gūg Tappeh and Gūgtappeh) is a village in Gorgin Rural District, Korani District, Bijar County, Kurdistan province, Iran. At the 2006 census its population was 46, in 9 families. The village is populated by Azerbaijanis.

Iranian Azerbaijanis
Iranian Azerbaijanis are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Iranian Azerbaijan region (including provinces of East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan and West Azerbaijan). They also live in smaller numbers in other provinces, such as Kurdistan, Qazvin, Hamadan, Gilan, Markazi and Kermanshah. Iranian Azerbaijanis constitute the largest ethnic minority in Iran and make up significant minorities in Tehran, Karaj, and elsewhere in Iran. Most Iranian Azerbaijanis are bilingual in Azerbaijani and Persian.
Herry Perry
Heather "Herry" Perry (16 October 1897 – 6 September 1962) was a graphic artist, illustrator, and printmaker best known for her prolific design work for Transport for London and London Underground throughout the 1920s and 1930s.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
IRM Bordj Bou Arréridj
Itihad Riadhi Madinat Bordj Bou Arréridj (Arabic: الإتحاد الرياضي لمدينة برج بوعريريج), known as IRM Bordj Bou Arréridj or simply IRMBBA is an Algerian football club based in Bordj Bou Arreridj. The club was founded in 2003  and its colours are yellow and red. Their home stadium, 20 August 1955 Stadium, has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Division d'Honneur.

20 August 1955 Stadium (Bordj Bou Arréridj)
The 20 August 1955 Stadium (Arabic: ملعب 20 أوت 1955, French: Stade du 20 Août 1955) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Bordj Bou Arréridj.  The stadium holds 15,000 people.
Christopher Prowting
Christopher George Prowting (born 2 June 1988) is a former English first-class cricketer.

Born at Chelmsford, Prowting played Second XI cricket for Essex from 2004–2007, though he was unable to force his way into the first eleven. He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Sri Lanka A at Arundel. Keeping wicket in the match, Prowting scored 2 runs in the MCC first-innings, before being dismissed by Rangana Herath, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Dilruwan Perera for 48.

His brother, Nick Prowting, played first-class cricket for Durham UCCE.

Sri Lanka A cricket team
The Sri Lanka A cricket team is a national cricket team representing Sri Lanka. It is the second-tier of international Sri Lankan cricket, below the full Sri Lanka national cricket team. Matches played by Sri Lanka A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification, respectively. Sri Lanka A played their first match on 2 February 1991, a 45-over contest against England A that the Sri Lankans won by 4 wickets.

Sri Lanka A have played a number of series, both home and away against other national A teams, and competed against other first-class opposition.

Sri Lanka A Cricket team has the world record for the highest 7th wicket partnership in List A history(Rangana Herath & Thilina Kandamby put on 203*)

5 different captains have led the Sri Lanka A team in T20 matches.
Tipperary county hurling team results (2000–2009)
This article contains the results of the Tipperary county hurling team in the Championship during the 2000s.

Tipperary played 48 Championship games during the decade, winning 28, losing 16 and drawing 4. They won 3 Munster titles in 2001, 2008, and 2009 and won 1 All Ireland title in 2001.

Tipperary county hurling team
The Tipperary county hurling team represents Tipperary in hurling and is governed by Tipperary GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and the National Hurling League.

Tipperary's home ground is Semple Stadium, Thurles. The team's manager is Liam Cahill.

The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2016, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2025 and the National League in 2008.
Dick Gurley
Richard Nestus Gurley (March 27, 1897 – August 8, 1976) was an American football, basketball and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Lenoir–Rhyne University in Hickory, North Carolina from 1924 to 1931. He served as the school's head basketball and baseball coach.

As a college football player, he was a starting quarterback at North Carolina State University.

Hickory, North Carolina
Hickory is a city in western North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County. The 25th most populous city in the state, it is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte.

Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 368,347 in the 2022 census, and is included in the larger  Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3,387,115 in 2022.

In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes ranked the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was described by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as the most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S.
South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today
South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company's Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University.  The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.  The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of South Park as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture.

The book was published December 1, 2006. The following year, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating—volume 26 of Open Court Publishing Company's Popular Culture and Philosophy series—was published, with editing by philosopher Richard Hanley.

Western philosophy
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), literally, 'the love of wisdom', from Ancient Greek: φιλεῖν (phileîn), 'to love', and σοφία (sophía), 'wisdom'.

Western philosophy stands in contrast to other cultural and regional traditions like Eastern philosophy.
Miyatake Gaikotsu
Miyatake Gaikotsu (宮武 外骨, January 18, 1867 – July 28, 1955) was a Japanese author, journalist and media historian born in the Kagawa Prefecture.  His given name was Miyatake Kameshiro (宮武 龜四郎).

The 28 February 1889 issue of Journal of the Society of Ready Wit (頓智協会雑誌, Tonchi Kyōkai Zasshi), published by Miyatake, printed a cartoon by Adachi Ginkō which parodies an earlier triptych of his own of Emperor Meiji receiving the Meiji Constitution of 1889, called View of the Issuance of the State Constitution in the State Chamber of the New Imperial Palace (新皇居於テ正殿憲法発布式之図, Shin kōkyo ni oite seiden kenpō happushiki no zu).  The parody replaces the Emperor with a skeleton and is captioned: "Promulgation Ceremony for the Sharpening of the Ready Wit Law" (頓智研法発布式之図, "Tonchi kenpō happushiki no zu").  The skeleton was a play on words of the name of magazine's publisher Miyatake, whose given name is a homophone of the Japanese word gaikotsu ("skeleton").

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
FAM237A
FAM237A is a protein coding gene which encodes a protein of the same name. Within Homo sapiens, FAM237A is believed to be primarily expressed within the brain, with moderate heart and lesser testes expression. FAM237A is hypothesized to act as a specific activator of receptor GPR83.

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
Gold Wall Press
Gold Wall Press (Chinese: 金城出版社), is a state-owned publishing house in China, under the control of the National Administration of State Secrets Protection. Established in 1952 in Beijing, the press initially specialized in producing materials related to national security, confidentiality policies, and political education.

National Administration of State Secrets Protection
The National Administration of State Secret Protection is an institution of the State Council of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for the protection of classified information. It is under the Chinese Communist Party's Central Secrecy Commission.

Under the "one institution with two names" arrangement, it is also the Office of the Central Secrecy Commission under the General Office of the CCP Central Committee.
Anatolian languages
The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language.

Undiscovered until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Anatolian languages are often believed to be the earliest branch to have split from the Proto Indo-European family. Once discovered, the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics. While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age, hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by the Semitic Assyrian Empire, and alphabetic inscriptions in Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early 1st millennium AD, eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Anatolia as a result of Greek colonisation.

Laryngeal consonant
Laryngeal consonants (a term often used interchangeably with guttural consonants) are consonants with their primary articulation in the general region of the larynx. The laryngeal consonants comprise the pharyngeal consonants (including the epiglottals), the glottal consonants, and for some languages uvular consonants.

The term laryngeal is often taken to be synonymous with glottal, but the larynx consists of more than just the glottis (vocal folds): it also includes the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds.  In a broad sense, therefore, laryngeal articulations include the radical consonants, which involve the root of the tongue.  The diversity of sounds produced in the larynx is the subject of ongoing research, and the terminology is evolving.

The term laryngeal consonant is also used for laryngealized consonants articulated in the upper vocal tract, such as Arabic 'emphatics' and Korean 'tense' consonants.
Avicennia schaueriana
Avicennia schaueriana is a species of tropical mangrove in the family Acanthaceae. It grows in coastal and estuarine locations along the Atlantic coast of northeastern South America, from Venezuela and the Leeward Islands through Trinidad and Tobago, the Windward Islands, the Guianas, and Brazil to Uruguay.

Avicennia schaueriana is self-compatible and insect-pollinated (bees and wasps, butterflies and moths, and flies).

Leeward Islands
The Leeward Islands (/ˈliːwərd/) are a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the Caribbean region of the Americas, situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western North Atlantic Ocean. Starting with the Virgin Islands east of the Greater Antilles main island of Puerto Rico, they extend southeast to Guadeloupe and its dependencies. They lie north of the Windward Islands, southern islands from Dominica to Trinidad and Tobago, and northwest of the Leeward Antilles, southwestern islands from the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela to Aruba.

In English, the term Leeward Islands refers to the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. The more southerly part of this chain, from Dominica to Trinidad and Tobago, is known as the Windward Islands. Dominica was initially considered a part of the Leeward Islands, but was transferred from the British Leeward Islands to the British Windward Islands in 1940.
HMS Dundee
A number of ships of the Royal Navy have been named Dundee, after the city in Scotland.

HMS Dundee (1911), an armed boarding steamer of the First World War

HMS Dundee (L84), a sloop of the Second World War

SS Dundee
SS Dundee was a British steamship that was built in Scotland in 1911 and sunk by enemy action in the Celtic Sea in 1917. She was designed as a coastal passenger and cargo liner for the Dundee, Perth & London Shipping Company Ltd, but in 1915 she was converted into an armed boarding steamer for the Royal Navy. She took part in the Action of 16 March 1917, was sunk by a U-boat six months later, and lost members of her crew in both actions.

The Dundee, Perth & London Shipping Co Ltd was founded in 1826. In its long history it had eight ships called Dundee, named after the city of Dundee on the east coast of Scotland. The ship built in 1911 was the fifth of these.
Achilleas Kallakis
Achilleas Michalis Kallakis (born Stefan Michalis Kollakis on 3 September 1968) is responsible for the UK's largest ever mortgage fraud, of over £760 million, and has been called "Britain's most successful serial confidence trickster". By making a slight change to his name, purporting to be related to an oil and property tycoon and using a corrupt lawyer, he was able to defraud banks into giving him mortgages on offices with inflated valuations. He and his accomplice Alexander Williams were successfully prosecuted by the UK's Serious Fraud Office in 2013.  Kallakis and Williams succeeded in bypassing fraud and due diligence checks by the banks despite having a previous convictions for fraud in 1995 and warning being raised about their lawyer who escaped prosecution.

Mortgage fraud
Mortgage fraud refers to an intentional misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission of information relied upon by an underwriter or lender to fund, purchase, or insure a loan secured by real property.

Criminal offenses may be prosecuted in either federal or state court, and are typically charged under wire fraud, bank fraud, mail fraud, or money laundering statutes, with penalties of imprisonment for up to 30 years per offense. As the incidence of mortgage fraud has risen over the past few years, states have also begun to enact their own penalties for mortgage fraud.

Mortgage fraud is not to be confused with predatory mortgage lending, which occurs when a consumer is misled or deceived by agents of the lender. However, predatory lending practices often co-exist with mortgage fraud.
Armorial of France
This gallery of French coats of arms shows the coats of arms of the Provinces, Regions, and Departments of France and certain French cities. They are used to visually identify historical and present-day regions, as well as cities, within France.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
1977 British Grand Prix
The 1977 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 16 July 1977. It was the tenth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors.

The 68-lap race was won from pole position by local driver James Hunt, driving a McLaren-Ford, with Austrian driver Niki Lauda second in a Ferrari and Swedish driver Gunnar Nilsson third in a Lotus-Ford. The race marked the debut of Canadian driver Gilles Villeneuve, as well as the first outing for the first turbocharged Formula One car, the Renault RS01, driven by Frenchman Jean-Pierre Jabouille, who retired when the turbocharger had failed after 16 laps. It was also the last race to be given the honorific designation of the European Grand Prix.

McLaren M26
The McLaren M26 was a Formula One racing car designed by Gordon Coppuck for the McLaren team, to replace the aging McLaren M23 model. The car was designed to be a lighter and lower car than its predecessor, with a smaller frontal area and narrower monocoque. Coppuck began design work in early 1976, with a view to introducing the car in the mid season.
John Monson, 11th Baron Monson
John Monson, 11th Baron Monson (3 May 1932 – 12 February 2011), was a British hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. He was a civil liberties campaigner and president of the Society for Individual Freedom.

House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the act allowed ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.

The act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 to 669 in March 2000. As another result of the act, the majority of the Lords were thence life peers, whose numbers had been gradually increasing since the Life Peerages Act 1958. As of June 2023, there were 848 members of the House of Lords, of whom 24 were senior Church of England bishops, whose representation in the House is governed by the Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015.
Bob Haigh
Robert Haigh (born 11 November 1943) is an English former rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (captain), Leeds and Bradford Northern, as a second-row, or loose forward.

1968 Rugby League World Cup
The 1968 Rugby League World Cup was the fourth World Cup for men’s national teams and was held between 25 May and 10 June and for the first time co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand. Australia were the Champions after they defeated France in the final.
William Foley (cricketer)
William Bernard Henry Foley (3 October 1906 – 13 August 1963) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1926 to 1947.

A hard-hitting batsman and brilliant fieldsman, Foley was one of the leading batsmen in the Currie Cup in 1929–30, scoring 446 runs for Transvaal at an average of 74.33. In the final match of the tournament, when Transvaal needed a victory to win the trophy, he scored 153, enabling Transvaal to make 417 all out and take four Rhodesian wickets by stumps on the first day. Transvaal won by an innings and secured the Currie Cup. In senior cricket in Johannesburg in 1929–30 he scored three centuries in consecutive innings "as a result of great hitting", including one in which he hit 13 sixes. In 1934–35, when Transvaal again won the Currie Cup, Foley scored 359 runs at 59.83.

He and his wife Gladys had five children.

Rhodesia cricket team
The Rhodesia cricket team played first-class cricket and represented originally the British colony of Southern Rhodesia and later the unilaterally independent state of Rhodesia which became Zimbabwe. In 1980 the Rhodesia cricket team was renamed as the Zimbabwe-Rhodesia cricket team, and in 1981 it adopted its current name of the Zimbabwe national cricket team.
BRD4
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRD4 gene.

BRD4 is a member of the BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain) family, which also includes BRD2, BRD3, and BRDT. BRD4, similar to other BET family members, contains two bromodomains that recognize acetylated lysine residues. BRD4 also has an extended C-terminal domain with little sequence homology to other BET family members.

Acetylation
Salicylic acid is acetylated with acetic anhydride to form aspirin and acetic acid as a byproduct

In chemistry, acetylation  is an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl group into a chemical compound. Such compounds are termed acetate esters or simply acetates. Deacetylation is the opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group from a chemical compound.
Mark Lutz
Mark Lutz is the name of:

Mark Lutz (sprinter) (born 1951), US American sprinter

Mark Lutz (actor) (born 1970), Canadian-born actor

Mark A. Lutz (born 1941), Swiss-born economics professor

Mark Lutz (1901–1968), model and longtime friend of Carl Van Vechten

Mark Lutz (actor)
Mark Douglas Lutz is a Canadian actor, who is best known for playing Groosalugg in the television series Angel and for writing and starring in Victor, a two-hour film on the life and death of Victor Davis.

He also guest starred in Friends.