hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cristiano Castelfranchi
Cristiano Castelfranchi (born 1944 in Rome) is an Associate Researcher at the Institute of Psychology of the Italian National Research Council. He teaches Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Siena. In 2003, he was made a fellow at the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence for pioneering work in Artificial Intelligence.

His research topic include:

autonomy and goal-oriented behavior, with an emphasis on anticipatory action-control

cognitive agent theory and architecture, with special focus on goals and their dynamics

cognitive foundations of social phenomena (trust, power, cooperation, norms, institutions, etc.)

cognitive approach to communication (semantics and pragmatics)

social cognition and emotions, with an emphasis on the cognitive anatomy of complex emotional states

multi-agent systems and social simulation, integrating cognitive, social and computer science

University of Siena
The University of Siena (Italian: Università degli Studi di Siena, abbreviation: UNISI), located in Siena, Tuscany, holds the distinction of being Italy's first publicly funded university as well as one of the oldest, originally established as Studium Senese in 1240. As of 2022, it hosts approximately 16,000 students—nearly one-third of Siena's total population of about 53,000. The university is renowned for its schools of law, medicine, and economics and management.
Mansfeld Land
Mansfeld Land (German: Mansfelder Land) is a region in the southwestern corner of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. The region derives its name from the counts of Mansfeld, who ruled this region for about 1,000 years.

House of Mansfeld
The House of Mansfeld was a German princely house, which took its name from the town of Mansfeld in the present-day state of Saxony-Anhalt. Mansfelds were archbishops, generals, supporters as well as opponents of Martin Luther, and Habsburg administrators.
Edward Shames
Colonel Edward David Shames (June 13, 1922 – December 3, 2021) was a United States Army enlisted man and officer who later served in the U.S. Army Reserve. During World War II, he was assigned to the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Shames was Jewish and reported being deeply affected by his personal viewing of Nazi Germany's concentration camps.

Shames was the last surviving officer and, following the death of Roderick G. Strohl in December 2019, oldest surviving member of the regiment's Easy Company, 2nd Battalion. He was survived only by Private First Class Bradford C. Freeman.

506th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 506th Infantry Regiment, originally designated the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (506th PIR) during World War II, is an airborne light infantry regiment of the United States Army. Currently a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, the regiment has two active battalions: the 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment (1-506th IR) is assigned to the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division, and the 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment (2-506th IR) is assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.

The regiment served with the 101st Airborne Division in World War II. Regimental elements have served with the 101st in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Regimental elements have also served in peacetime and in Iraq with the 2nd Infantry Division.

The World War II actions of E Company ("Easy Company") of the regiment's 2nd Battalion were portrayed in the 2001 HBO miniseries Band of Brothers.
Frederic Tuten
Frederic Tuten (born December 2, 1936) is an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. He has written five novels – The Adventures of Mao on the Long March (1971), Tallien: A Brief Romance (1988), Tintin in the New World : A Romance (1993), Van Gogh's Bad Café (1997) and The Green Hour (2002) – as well as one book of inter-related short stories, Self-Portraits: Fictions (2010), and essays, many of the latter being about contemporary art. His memoir My Young Life (2019) was published by Simon & Schuster. In 2022, he published a collection of short stories, The Bar at Twilight, and On a Terrace in Tangier, a book of Tuten's drawings, each drawing accompanied by a short story. Tuten received a Guggenheim Fellowship for Fiction and was given the Award for Distinguished Writing from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was awarded four Pushcart Prizes and one O. Henry Prize.

David Salle
David Salle (born September 28, 1952; last name pronounced "Sally") is an American Postmodern painter, printmaker, photographer, and stage designer. Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma, and lives and works in East Hampton, New York. He earned a BFA and MFA from the California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, California, where he studied with John Baldessari. Salle’s work first came to public attention in New York City in the early 1980s.
Arturo Flores Grande
Arturo Flores Grande (born 1 September 1965) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). 
In the 2006 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 6th district during the 60th session of Congress.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Amangeldy Muraliyev
Amangeldy Mursadykovich Muraliev (Kyrgyz: Амангелди Мурсадыкович Муралиев; born 7 August 1947) is a Kyrgyz politician. He served as Mayor of Frunze from 1988 to 1991; Minister of Economy and Finance from 1991 to 1992; Chairman of the State Committee on Economy from 1993 to 1994; Chairman of the State Property Fund from 1994 to 1996; Governor of Osh Province from 1996 to 1999; Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 13 April 1999 to 21 December 2000; and President of the Kyrgyz Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2004.

Kyrgyz Stock Exchange
The Kyrgyz Stock Exchange (KSE; Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Фондулук Биржасы) was founded on July 20, 1994. Until 2000 the exchange functioned in the form of a non-profit membership organization with a total membership of 16. In May 2000 the KSE was transformed into a joint stock company. In 2001 the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange became a shareholder. Later, a 24.51% share in KSE was acquired by Borsa Istanbul. The Kyrgyz Stock Exchange is a member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges. In 2023 KSE issued State Treasury Bonds (for two years, in kyrgyz soms and russian rubles). In the middle of 2024 the volume of capitalization of KSE was amounted to $636 million.

The administrative bodies of the KSE are:

Shareholders General Assembly: main administrative body

Board of Directors: supervisory body

President: executive body

Audit Committee
Hurst Park Club Ground
Hurst Park Club Ground is a cricket ground in East Molesey, Surrey.  The ground formerly occupied the round area inside Hurst Park Racecourse.  The first recorded match was in 1890 when it hosted its only first-class match between Hurst Park Club and the touring Australians.  The ground moved to the far east of the park.

In local domestic cricket, the ground is the home venue of East Molesey Cricket Club.  The pavilion at the ground was constructed in the 1950s.

East Molesey Cricket Club
East Molesey Cricket Club is a cricket club in Molesey, Surrey, England. It was established in 1871, although cricket has been played at the Moulsey Hurst since 1731. A 1953 souvenir programme from the 1953 Australian cricket tour mentions an article in The Daily Courant from 1723 reporting on match played at Moulsey Hurst "between the Gentlemen of London and the Gentlemen of Surrey", and that after the match the players were entertained at Hampton Court Palace by Frederick, Prince of Wales".

East Molesey's current ground, 'The Memorial Ground', has been the home for the Surrey club since the late 19th century and is just outside the town centre, on the bank of the River Thames. They currently compete in the Surrey Championship, the Club Cricket Conference Cup, the Bertie Joel Cup and the Thameside Sunday League.
Aleksander Leopold Raudkepp
Aleksander Leopold Raudkepp (16 March 1877 Ambla Parish (now Järva Parish), Kreis Jerwen – 1948 Germany) was an Estonian politician and Lutheran clergyman. He was a member of the I (where he replaced Eduard Kägu in 1922), II, III, IV, and V Riigikogu.

From 1923 to 1924, he was Second Assistant Chairman, and from 1925 to 1926, he served as First Assistant Secretary in the II Riigikogu.

Järva Parish
Järva Parish is a municipality in Järva County, Estonia. It was created in 2017 as a merger of 6 municipalities: Albu Parish, Ambla Parish, Imavere Parish, Järva-Jaani Parish, Kareda Parish and Koigi Parish.
Birch Wathen Lenox School
The Birch Wathen Lenox School is a college preparatory K-12 school on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Birch Wathen Lenox comprises approximately 500 students from all around New York City. The Birch Wathen Lenox School is one of 322 independent schools located in the city.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Dorsey–Jones House
The Dorsey–Jones House is a historic house located at 191 Nonotuck Street in the Florence area of Northampton, Massachusetts. Built in 1849, it is known to have been owned by two former slaves with well-documented escape histories. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Florence, Massachusetts
Florence is a village in the northwestern portion of the city of Northampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. During the 19th century, Florence was a thriving manufacturing village shaped by progressive ideas on religion, abolitionism, and education.
Mendez (horse)
Mendez (2 April 1981 – 25 September 1995) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the best colts of his generation in France and produced his best performances over one mile/ 1600 metres on soft ground. As a two-year-old in 1983 he won the Prix des Chênes and was placed in both the Grand Critérium and the William Hill Futurity. In the following year he recorded Group One successes in the Prix Jean Prat and the Prix du Moulin as well as winning the Prix de Fontainebleau and finishing an unlucky third in the Poule d'Essai des Poulains. He was retired from racing and had some success as a breeding stallion in France and Japan.

Prix des Chênes
The Prix des Chênes is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Newar Buddhism
Newar Buddhism is a form of Vajrayana Buddhism practiced by the Newar people of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It has developed unique socio-religious elements, which include a non-monastic Buddhist society based on the Newar caste system and patrilineality.

Although there was a vibrant regional tradition of Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley during the first millennium, the transformation into a distinctive cultural and linguistic form of Buddhism appears to have taken place in the fifteenth century, at about the same time that similar regional forms of Indic Buddhism such as those of Kashmir and Indonesia were on the wane.

Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is distinguished from cognate kinship which is through any combination of lineages, and from matrilineality which is through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side, the distaff side or enatic kinship.

A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males.
The Mortimer Touch
The Mortimer Touch is a comedy play by the British writer Eric Linklater. It was developed out of an earlier work of his The Atom Doctor which appeared at the 1950 Edinburgh Festival and drew inspiration from Ben Jonson's The Alchemist.

It premiered at the Wimbledon Theatre before transferring to the Duke of York's Theatre in the West End where it ran for 45 performances between 30 April and 7 June 1952. The original West End cast included Mervyn Johns, Roger Livesey, Richard Pearson, George Relph, William Mervyn, Harry Towb, Vincent Holman, Mona Washbourne, Pamela Brown, Esma Cannon, Glen Alyn and Molly Urquhart. It was published the same year by Samuel French.

Pamela Brown (actress)
Pamela Mary Brown (8 July 1917 – 19 September 1975) was a British actress. For her portrayal of Queen Victoria's mother Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent in Victoria Regina (1961) she was awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
1899 Melbourne Cup
The 1899 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 7 November 1899.

This year was the thirty-ninth running of the Melbourne Cup.

This is the list of placegetters for the 1899 Melbourne Cup.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
2021 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2021 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Terrapins played their home games at Maryland Stadium in College Park, Maryland, and competed in the Big Ten Conference in the East Division. The team was coached by third-year head coach Mike Locksley and finished in fifth place in the East Division. The Terrapins defeated Virginia Tech in the Pinstripe Bowl to achieve their first bowl game since 2016, their first winning season since 2014, and their first bowl game victory since 2010.

2010 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2010 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Terrapins' (also officially known as the "Terps") 58th season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and its sixth within the ACC's Atlantic Division. They played their home games at  Byrd Stadium and were led by head coach Ralph Friedgen. Maryland finished the season 9–4 overall and 5–3 in ACC play. The Terrapins were invited to the Military Bowl, where they defeated East Carolina, 51–20.

Friedgen was fired at the end of the season. He was replaced on January 2, 2011, by Randy Edsall, who was the head coach at Connecticut for the previous 12 seasons (1999–2010).

As of 2026, this is Maryland's last season where they were ranked in the AP Poll at any point during the season.
Barry Sonnenfeld's unrealized projects
The following is a list of unproduced Barry Sonnenfeld projects in chronological order. During his extensive career, American filmmaker Barry Sonnenfeld has worked on several projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction. Some of these projects fell in development hell, were officially canceled, were in development limbo or would see life under a different production team.

Sony Pictures Television
Sony Pictures Television Inc. (abbreviated as SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio and the television arm of Sony Pictures Entertainment, the film studio subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. Established on September 16, 2002 and based at the Sony Pictures Studios complex in Culver City, California, it is a renaming of the Columbia TriStar Television studio and the fourth and current iteration of what had originated as Columbia Pictures's television studio, Screen Gems.
West Oakland Food Collaborative
The West Oakland Food Collaborative is a food and nutrition activism organization, founded in 2001 in Oakland, California. It was organized by the Environmental Justice Institute and other agencies along with the residents of West Oakland to provide better access to high quality, affordable foods for the neighborhood.

The Collaborative's five areas of focus are: the Mandela Farmers Market, neighborhood greening, fresh food availability at corner/convenience stores, the Soul Foods Cooperative, and microbusiness development

Micro-enterprise
A micro-enterprise, or microenterprise, is generally defined as a small business employing nine people or fewer, and having a balance sheet or turnover less than a certain amount (e.g. €2 million or PhP 3 million). The terms microenterprise and microbusiness have the same meaning, though traditionally when referring to a small business financed by microcredit the term microenterprise is often used. Similarly, when referring to a small, usually legal business that is not financed by microcredit, the term microbusiness (or micro-business) is often used. Internationally, most microenterprises are family businesses employing one or two persons. Most microenterprise owners are primarily interested in earning a living to support themselves and their families. They only grow the business when something in their lives changes and they need to generate a larger income.
Guy Lovell
William Guy Lovell (born 16 February 1969) is a former English cricketer.

Born at Whitehaven, Lovell made a single appearance in List A cricket for Essex against Lancashire at Old Trafford in the 1991 Refuge Assurance League. He wasn't called upon to bat during the match, but did bowl six wicketless overs. Two years later he played minor counties cricket for Cumberland, making two appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He later played one match for the Lancashire Cricket Board in the 1998 Minor Counties Knockout Trophy.

After his brief playing career, Lovell became a plumber in Lancashire. Alongside Don Topley, he later alleged that the match he played in between Lancashire and Essex was fixed.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Aghnamoira
Aghnamoira (from Irish  Achadh na Maolrátha 'field of the dismantled earthen fort') is a rural townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has an area of 569.63 acres (2.31 km2). It is situated in the civil parish of Clonallan and the historic barony of Iveagh Upper, Upper Half, located 2 miles north-west of Warrenpoint. It lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down District Council.

Warrenpoint
Warrenpoint is a small port town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It sits at the head of Carlingford Lough, south of Newry, and is separated from the Republic of Ireland by a narrow strait. The town is beside the village of Rostrevor and is overlooked by the Mournes and Cooley Mountains. Warrenpoint sprang up within the townland of Ringmackilroy (from Irish  Rinn Mhic Giolla Ruaidh 'McIlroy's point'), and is locally nicknamed "The Point", which also represents the town's full name in Irish, An Pointe.

Warrenpoint is known for its scenic location, the Maiden of Mourne festival, the Blues on the Bay music festival, the passenger ferry service between Warrenpoint and Omeath and the nearby Narrow Water Castle. Warrenpoint Port is second in terms of tonnage handled by ports in Northern Ireland. It had a population of 9,091 at the 2021 Census.
Asakuchi District, Okayama
Asakuchi (浅口郡, Asakuchi-gun) is a district located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 55,658 and a density of 621.67 persons per km2. The total area is 89.53 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird
Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird (7 July 1848–16 March 1939) was an English surgeon at Guy's Hospital, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and lecturer to medical students.  He was skilled in histology, invented a dilator for use in tracheotomies, and pioneered a new gastroenterological surgical procedure.

Outside of medicine, Golding-Bird was known as a collector of clocks.  He also published books on local archaeology.

Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital founded by philanthropist Thomas Guy in 1721, located in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. It is the large teaching hospital of GKT School of Medical Education.

The hospital's Tower Wing (originally known as Guy's Tower) was, when built in 1974, the tallest hospital building in the world, standing at 148.65 metres (487.7 ft) with 34 floors. The tower was overtaken as the world's tallest healthcare-related building by The Belaire in New York City in 1988. As of June 2019, the Tower Wing, which remains one of the tallest buildings in London, is the world's sixth-tallest hospital building.