hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forsskaolea tenacissima
Forsskaolea tenacissima is a member of the non-stinging nettles genus Forsskaolea  and is in the same family as the stinging kind, Urticaceae.  Described as "looking like a tough character that does not want or need a caress", F. tenacissima makes its home where not many plant species survive, in stony soils, road edges, in the gravel wadi
and "in the rock crevices and water-receiving depressions" above the stone pavements of the Hamadas.

Forsskaolea tenacissima was named in mourning of a student of Carl Linnaeus, a Swede named Peter Forsskål, who died while gathering botanical and zoological specimens from the Arabia Felix. Linnaeus named this plant Forsskaolea tenacissima because the plant was as stubborn and persistent as the student had been.

Urticaceae
The Urticaceae /ɜːrtɪˈkeɪsiː/ are a family, the nettle family,  of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica. The Urticaceae family includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus Urtica, Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (Debregeasia saeneb).

The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera. The largest genera are Pilea (500 to 715 species), Elatostema (300 species), Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes.

Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found in tropical ecosystems, especially tropical Asia.
Lycomedes of Scyros
In Greek mythology, Lycomedes /ˌlaɪkəˈmiːdiːz/ (Ancient Greek: Λυκομήδης), also known as Lycurgus, was the most prominent king of the Dolopians in the island of Scyros near Euboea during the Trojan War.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Pieczyska, Kartuzy County
Pieczyska [pjɛˈt͡ʂɨska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kartuzy
Gmina Kartuzy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kartuzy, which lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 205.28 square kilometres (79.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 31,100 (out of which the population of Kartuzy amounts to 15,263, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 15,837).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kashubian Landscape Park.
2022 North Caucasian protests
With the beginning of mobilization in Russia, anti-war and anti-mobilization protests broke out in Chechnya, Dagestan and other regions of the Russian Caucasus.

On 25 September 2022, mass protests took place in the capital of Dagestan, Makhachkala, which ended in fights with the police and dispersal.

Sergey Melikov
Sergey Alimovich Melikov (Russian: Сергей Алимович Меликов, Lezgian: Меликов Сергей Алим хва; born 12 September 1965) is a Russian statesman and military officer, who has served as the 5th Head of the Republic of Dagestan since 14 October 2021.

Melikov was a Senator from Stavropol Krai, from 2019 to 2020. He was First Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the Russian National Guard, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian National Guard troops from 2016 to 2019. Melikov was also the Plenipotentiary Envoy of the North Caucasian Federal District from 2014 to 2016.

Melikov has the military rank of Colonel General and the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
Montefortino
Montefortino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Ancona, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Ascoli Piceno and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Fermo.

Montefortino borders the following municipalities: Amandola, Bolognola, Castelsantangelo sul Nera, Comunanza, Montemonaco, Sarnano, Ussita, Visso.

The city art collection is housed in the Pinacoteca Civica Fortunato Duranti.

Amandola
Amandola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Ancona, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Ascoli Piceno and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Fermo. 
The town was founded in 1248 by the union of the castles of Agello Leone and Marrubbione, which formed   a free municipality.

Amandola is one of the 18 Italian municipalities located within the Monti Sibillini National Park.

Amandola was damaged by the earthquake in Central Italy (near Amatrice) on 24 August 2016.
Aldwych tramway station
Aldwych tramway station (separate from Aldwych Underground station) was a tram stop underneath Kingsway, a road in central London, England. It was built in 1906 by the London County Council Tramways as part of the Kingsway tramway subway, joining the separate networks of tramways in North and South London.

A4200 road
The A4200 is a major thoroughfare in central London. It runs between the A4 at Aldwych, to the A400 Hampstead Road/Camden High Street, at Mornington Crescent tube station, via Holborn, Bloomsbury, Euston and Somers Town.
Dixie Chili and Deli
Dixie Chili and Deli, originally Dixie Chili, is a chain of three Cincinnati chili restaurants located in the Northern Kentucky area of Greater Cincinnati. Dixie Chili is famous for their chili, coneys, and sandwiches. Greek immigrant Nicholas Sarakatsannis  founded the first location in 1929 in Newport, Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from the city of Cincinnati. Today the company also has locations in Erlanger and Covington, additionally distributing a canned version of their chili product in supermarkets in the Cincinnati and Kentucky area, as well as in some Kroger stores in the Dayton, Ohio area.

Erlanger, Kentucky
Erlanger is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. It had a 2020 census population of 19,611. Erlanger is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Archibald Clinkard
Archibald Clinkard (died 1696), of Sutton Valence, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was born the son of Gabriel Clinkard of Westminster.

He was an officer of the Volunteer Horse of Kent from 1660, a commissioner for assessment and a Justice of the Peace. He was appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1681 to 1684 and a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent for 1682 to 1689.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Maidstone in 1685.

Sutton Valence
Sutton Valence (in the past also called Sudtone, Town Sutton and Sutton Hastings, see below) is a village about five miles (8 km) SE of Maidstone, Kent, England on the A274 road going south to Headcorn and Tenterden. It is on the Greensand Ridge overlooking the Vale of Kent and Weald. St Mary's Church is on the west side of the village on Chart Road, close to the junction of the High Street with the A274. Another landmark is Sutton Valence Castle on the east side of the village, of which only the ruins of the 12th-century keep remain, under the ownership of English Heritage.
Bertoloni
Bertoloni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Bertoloni (1775–1869), Italian botanist with the botanical author abbreviation Bertol., father of Giuseppe

Giuseppe Bertoloni (1804–1874), Italian botanist and entomologist with the botanical author abbreviation G.Bertol., son of Antonio

Antonio Bertoloni
Antonio Bertoloni (February 8, 1775 in Sarzana – April 17, 1869 in Bologna) was an Italian physician and botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants. He also collected notable samples of Central American flora.
Etta Rosales
Loretta Ann Pargas Rosales (born August 17, 1939) is a Filipina activist, teacher and politician who has served three terms as the party-list representative of the Akbayan Citizens' Action Party to the Philippines' House of Representatives from the 11th-13th Congress (1998-2007). She was the Chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights of the Republic of the Philippines from 2010 to 2015.

13th Congress of the Philippines
The 13th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabintatlong Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 26, 2004, until June 8, 2007, during the fourth, fifth, and sixth years of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 13th Congress followed the 2004 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
European Historic Houses Association
European Historic Houses Association is an international organization based in Brussels, Belgium, and registered in the Netherlands. Through consultancy with the European Commission and the European Council, it has oversight over twenty-four national historic houses associations. Its scope includes conservation of historic houses and cultural heritage, including cultural goods.

Other affiliated organizations through the Council of Europe include Europa Nostra, European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers' Organisations (ECCO), and European Network for Conservation-Restoration Education (ENCoRE). While previous presidents of the association include Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne and Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, in 2017, the Executive President was Count Rodolphe de Looz-Corswarem.

Antoine, Prince of Ligne
Antoine Maria Joachim Lamoral de Ligne, 13th Prince of Ligne, Prince of Épinoy, Prince of Amblise, GE (8 March 1925 – 21 August 2005) was the son of Eugène, 11th Prince of Ligne, and his wife, Philippine de Noailles.
Jan Millsapps
Jan Millsapps (born February 26, 1950 in Concord, North Carolina) is an American digital filmmaker, fiction writer, and Professor Emerita in the Cinema Department at San Francisco State University. She has produced films, videos and interactive cinema on subjects ranging from domestic violence to global terrorism, and has published in traditional print and online venues.

School of Cinema at San Francisco State University
The School of Cinema is an academic unit in the College of Liberal & Creative Arts at San Francisco State University, a public research university in San Francisco. It has Bachelor of Arts, a Master of Arts, and Master of Fine Arts in cinema programs. These programs have been frequently included in the annual "Top 25 American Film Schools" rankings published by The Hollywood Reporter.

The curriculum combines film production, screenwriting, animation and critical theory in both its undergraduate and graduate programs.  A wide range of courses in digital, interactive, and experimental production are offered at the school, as well as cinema history, theory, and criticism.  Currently there are approximately 950 students enrolled, the majority in the undergraduate program.
2025–26 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup
The 2025–26 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup is the 30th edition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's annual football cup, and the twenty fifth season of the unified competition. The winners of the cup will qualify for the 2026–27 UEFA Conference League second qualifying round.

Sarajevo are the defending champions, having defeated Široki Brijeg to secure their eighth title in the previous year's final.

2026–27 UEFA Conference League
The 2026–27 UEFA Conference League is the sixth season of the UEFA Conference League, Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA.

The winners of the tournament will automatically qualify for the 2027–28 UEFA Europa League league phase, unless they qualify for the 2027–28 UEFA Champions League or Europa League through their league performance.
Book and Snake
Book and Snake or The Society of Book and Snake is a secret society for seniors at Yale University. It was established in 1863 and is the fourth-oldest secret society at Yale. It is one of the "Ancient Eight" societies at Yale.

John Hays Hammond
John Hays Hammond (March 31, 1855 – June 8, 1936) was an American mining engineer, diplomat, and philanthropist. He amassed a sizable fortune before the age of 40. An early advocate of deep mining, Hammond was given complete charge of Cecil Rhodes' mines in South Africa and made each undertaking a financial success. He was a main force planning and executing the Jameson Raid in 1895. It was a fiasco and Hammond, along with the other leaders of the Johannesburg Reform Committee, was arrested and sentenced to death. The Reform Committee leaders were released after paying large fines, but like many of the leaders, Hammond escaped Africa for good. He returned to the United States, became a close friend of President William Howard Taft, and was appointed a special ambassador. At the same time, he continued to develop mines in Mexico and California and, in 1923, he made another fortune while drilling for oil with the Burnham Exploration Company.
Robert Jackson (Berwick-upon-Tweed MP)
Sir Robert Jackson (c. 1584 – 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1626.

Jackson was  of County Durham. He matriculated at St Alban Hall, Oxford  on 12 June 1601, aged 16 and was awarded  BA on 4 February 1605 and  MA on 20 January 1608. He was knighted  on 13 May 1617. He was an alderman at Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Berwick upon Tweed. He was re-elected MP for Berwick upon Tweed in 1624, 1625 and 1626.

Jackson died at the age of about 60 and was buried on 29 January 1645.

St Alban Hall, Oxford
St Alban Hall, sometimes known as St Alban's Hall or Stubbins, was one of the medieval halls of the University of Oxford, and one of the longest-surviving. It was established in the 13th century, acquired by neighbouring Merton College in the 16th century but operated separately until the institutions merged in the late 19th century. The site in Merton Street, Oxford, is now occupied by Merton's Edwardian St Alban's Quad.
Seán Walsh (politician)
Seán Walsh (3 April 1925 – 26 December 1989) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1961, 1965 and 1969 general elections. He was elected to the 12th Seanad at the 1969 Seanad election on the Labour Panel.

He was elected to Dáil Éireann as Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin County North constituency at the 1973 general election. He was re-elected at the 1977 general election for the Dublin County Mid constituency. From 1981 to 1989 he represented the Dublin South-West constituency. He lost his seat at the 1989 general election.

He died 6 months later on 26 December 1989.

1961 Irish general election
The 1961 Irish general election to the 17th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 4 October, following the dissolution of the 16th Dáil on 15 September by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The general election took place in 38 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, which had been reduced in size by three seats from the previous election by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961. Fianna Fáil lost its majority but remained the dominant party.

The 17th Dáil met at Leinster House on 11 October to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lemass was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 10th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Food and Drug Administration v. R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co.
Food and Drug Administration v. R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co., 606 U.S. 226 (2025), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that retailers who would sell a new tobacco product if not for the Food and Drug Administration's denial order may seek judicial review of that order.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Seaplane Training Flight RAAF
The Seaplane Training Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force unit responsible for providing seaplane conversion training to RAAF air and ground crew.

The Seaplane Training Flight was established on 1 March 1940 at RAAF Base Rathmines in New South Wales. Initially equipped with two Supermarine Seagull aircraft the Flight received Consolidated Catalina aircraft in the second half of 1940 and a small number of Vought Kingfisher aircraft in early 1942.

As part of the expansion of the RAAF's seaplane units the Seaplane Training Flight was expanded to form No. 3 Operational Training Unit on 28 December 1942.

Supermarine Seagull (1921)
The Supermarine Seagull was a flying boat produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Supermarine. It was developed by Supermarine's chief designer R.J. Mitchell from the experimental Supermarine Seal II.

Development of the Seagull started during 1920. In June 1921 it was evaluated for military applications but was rejected, and so Supermarine developed the aircraft as a private venture. During February 1922, an initial order for two aircraft was placed by the Air Ministry; subsequent production of the Seagull is believed to have assisted Supermarine to survive during a period when the aircraft industry struggled to attract customers.

The Seagull was used by the British Fleet Air Arm for gunnery spotting and reconnaissance duties. It was operated by the Royal Australian Air Force for similar purposes. During the early 1930s, when the type was being replaced by the more successful Supermarine Walrus, a number of Seagulls were re-used for civilian purposes.
Kentucky's 12th House of Representatives district
Kentucky's 12th House of Representatives district is one of 100 districts in the Kentucky House of Representatives. Located in the western part of the state, it comprises the counties of Crittenden, McLean, Union, and Webster. It has been represented by Jim Gooch Jr. (R–Providence) since 1995. As of 2023, the district had a population of 44,351.

Union County, Kentucky
Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,668. Its county seat is Morganfield. The county was created effective January 15, 1811.

The county is located on the east bank of the Ohio River opposite its confluence with the Wabash River. Union County, along with neighboring Posey County, Indiana, and Gallatin County, Illinois, form the tri-point of the Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area.
Isidor Zuckermann
Isidor Zuckermann (May 21, 1866 – 1946) was an Austrian businessman. He was born near Kamianets-Podilskyi in the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire (modern-day Ukraine), and emigrated with his family to the United Kingdom in 1939. He died in Keswick, Cumbria in 1946.  He is interred in St. John's Church Cemetery, Keswick.

Podolia Governorate
Podolia Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It bordered Volhynian Governorate to the north, Kiev Governorate to the east, Kherson Governorate to the southeast, Bessarabia Governorate to the south, and Austria to the west. Its administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolsky (Kamianets-Podilskyi), which later moved to Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia). The governorate covered part of Ukraine's Khmelnytskyi Oblast and most of Vinnytsia Oblast, along with the fractionally recognised state of Transnistria.
Charles Sylvain Rabotoarison
Charles Sylvain Rabotoarison (born 6 April 1944 in Vohipeno, died 2 July 2020) was a Malagasy politician. He was a member of the Senate of Madagascar for Vatovavy Fitovinany. He was former Minister of the Interior and Ministry of Environment, Water and Forestry.

Vohipeno
Vohipeno is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vohipeno, which is a part of the region of Fitovinany. The population of the commune was 14,751 in 2018.

In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are lychee and cassava. 1.6 percent of the population is employed in service industries, and 0.5 percent in fishing.
Macchie railway station
Macchie (Italian: Stazione di Palese) is a railway station in the Italian district of Palese-Macchie in the city of Bari, in the Province of Bari, Apulia. The station lies on the Bari–Barletta railway. The train services are operated by Ferrotramviaria.

Ferrotramviaria
Ferrotramviaria is a private railway company of Italy. Based in Bari, in the Apulia region, it manages the Ferrovie del Nord Barese network, composed by the Bari–Barletta railway and the Bari metropolitan railway service.
Loose Music
Loose is a British independent record label based in Ladbroke Grove, London.

In 1998, Loose was formed from the vinyl only record label, Vinyl Junkie, which was set up in 1994 by Tom Bridgewater.

Since 1998, Loose has released music by the following artists: Sturgill Simpson, Giant Sand, Townes Van Zandt, Steve Earle, M Ward, Mark Mulcahy, Neko Case, The Handsome Family, The Felice Brothers, Dawes, Deer Tick, Hurray for the Riff Raff, Justin Townes Earle and Grand Drive.

Giant Sand
Giant Sand (formerly Giant Sandworms) is an American musical group from Tucson, Arizona. Its most constant member is singer-songwriter Howe Gelb. The groups have developed idiosyncratic sound rooted in alternative country, but touching on a wide range of other styles and featuring Gelb's beatnik-influenced vocals and songwriting. Since about 2012, they have also performed as Giant Giant Sand when featuring a larger ensemble than their traditional four to six musicians.