hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heidsieck
Heidsieck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Camille Heidsieck (1820–1871), 19th-century French Champagne merchant (Charles Heidsieck)

Éric Heidsieck (born 1936), French pianist

Florens-Louis Heidsieck (1749–1828), was the founder of the Champagne house Heidsieck & Co

Bernard Heidsieck (1928–2014), French sound poet

Emmanuelle Heidsieck (born 1963), French writer and journalist

Charles Heidsieck
Charles Camille Heidsieck (1822–1893) was a French Champagne merchant who founded the Champagne firm Charles Heidsieck in 1851. He is credited with popularizing Champagne in the United States and was known as "Champagne Charlie" during his stay.

During the American Civil War Heidsieck was imprisoned under suspicion of being a spy for the French government and the Confederacy. His imprisonment sparked an international incident between France and US over what became known as The Heidsieck Incident.
2014–2015 African cholera outbreak
Declared in June 2014, the West and Central African cholera outbreak as of January 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate (CFR) of 2% in 11 countries, which was 3 times more than in 2013. The case fatality ratio was high in the Sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Niger.  Nigeria, Ghana and Democratic Republic of the Congo being the most affected countries with Ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982.

In January 2015 the Greater Accra Region and Volta region still reported cases of cholera while in the rest of Ghana the outbreak was declared over. As of January 11 the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana and Nigeria are the countries with the highest number of new cases of the disease in 2015.

Case fatality rate
In epidemiology, case fatality rate (CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a certain disease and end up dying of it. Unlike a disease's mortality rate, the CFR does not take into account the time period between disease onset and death. A CFR is generally expressed as a percentage. It is a measure of disease lethality, and thus may change with different treatments. CFRs are most often used for with discrete, limited-time courses, such as acute infections.
Christmas Is Almost Here
Christmas Is Almost Here is the 19th studio album, and first Christmas album, by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Rhino Entertainment, on October 22, 2002.

Featuring a mixture of seasonal classics and original compositions, the album features Willie Nelson in a duet on "Pretty Paper", and Simon's son Ben Taylor in a duet on "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen". Simon's former brother-in-law Livingston Taylor wrote the title track. Simon co-wrote the track "Heaven" with her sister Lucy Simon. "The Land of Christmas (Mary)" was written by Simon the night before recording on the album began.

The album peaked at No. 14 on the U.S. Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart. Simon embarked on a promotional tour in support of the album that included a handful of television appearances, including Good Morning America, The Caroline Rhea Show, Live with Regis and Kelly, Howard Stern, and The Today Show. Simon's son, Ben Taylor, accompanied her on many of these promotional appearances.

The Caroline Rhea Show
The Caroline Rhea Show is an American syndicated variety/talk show hosted by Caroline Rhea. It premiered on September 2, 2002, and ran until May 21, 2003. The show was regarded as the successor to The Rosie O'Donnell Show; Rosie O'Donnell selected Rhea, who had hosted the last few weeks of Rosie, as her replacement.
Victor Della-Vos
Victor Karlovich Della-Vos (1829 – 1890) was a Russian educationalist and proponent of manual training.

Della-Vos graduated from Moscow University in 1853 with a degree in physical and mathematical sciences and soon embarked on his teaching career. In 1858, he went to Paris to study machine tool manufacture. After also visiting London where he studied agricultural machinery he returned to Russia in 1864 to take up the post of professor of mechanics at the Petrovsky Academy. By 1868, he was appointed director of the Moscow Imperial Technical Academy. He became widely known for his combination of both theoretical and practical approaches to education.

Following his participation in the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876, his approach was taken up by John Runkle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Calvin Woodward of Washington University in St. Louis. This combination of tool and job analysis provided a basis of what would eventually become Taylorism.

Calvin M. Woodward
Calvin Milton Woodward (August 25, 1837 – January 12, 1914) was a United States educator and professor. As Dean of the school of engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, he developed a manual training program (a system of general, non-vocational tools training). He opened the St. Louis Manual Training School.
Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels
The International Festival of Audiovisual Programmes or International Documentary Festival – FIPADOC (French: Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels (FIPA)), founded in 1987 by Michel Mitrani (1930–1996), was first held in Cannes in October 1987., In 2019, the FIPA became FIPADOC,,, an international festival specializing in non-fiction films for all screens and all formats.

Sob Pressão
Sob Pressão (English: Under Pressure) is a Brazilian medical drama television series created by Luiz Noronha, Cláudio Torres, Renato Fagundes and Jorge Furtado based on the 2016 film of the same name (which was inspired by the Márcio Maranhão book Sob Pressão: A Rotina de Guerra de Um Médico Brasileiro). The series is a co-production of Conspiração Filmes and TV Globo, and premiered on 25 July 2017, on TV Globo.

The series follows the emergency department doctors and nurses of a precarious public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Júlio Andrade (Dr. Evandro), Marjorie Estiano (Dr. Carolina) and Stepan Nercessian (Samuel) all reprised their movie roles for the television series.

Production for the first season started at the beginning of March 2017. Filming began 10 April 2017. TV Globo renewed the show for a second season in May 2017, before the first one even started airing. The second season premiered on 9 October 2018.

In May 2018, the series was renewed for a third season.
Hypertufa
Hypertufa is an anthropic rock made from various aggregates bonded together using Portland cement.

Hypertufa is intended as a manufactured substitute for natural tufa, which is a slowly precipitated limestone rock; being very porous, it is favorable for plant growth.

Hypertufa is popular for making garden ornaments, pots and land forms. It is relatively light compared with terracotta or traditional concrete and can withstand harsh winters, at least down to −30 °C (−22 °F).

Hypertufa was invented for use in alpine gardens.  Alpine gardeners formerly used antique animal watering troughs, which became rare and expensive.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
1272 Gefion
1272 Gefion, provisional designation 1931 TZ1, is a stony asteroid and parent body of the Gefion family from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after Gefjon from Norse mythology.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Quaestura exercitus
The quaestura exercitus was an administrative district of the Eastern Roman Empire with a seat in Odessus (present-day Varna) established by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) on May 18, 536.

Territorially, the quaestura exercitus contained the Roman provinces of Moesia Inferior and Scythia Minor, located in the lower Danube region, as well as the provinces of Cyprus, Caria, and the Aegean Islands. All of these provinces were detached from the praetorian prefecture of the East and placed under the authority of a new army official known as the quaestor exercitus ('quaestor of the army'). The authority of the quaestor was the equivalent to that of a magister militum.

Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "master of soldiers"; pl.: magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the late Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. The office continued to exist and evolve during the early Byzantine Empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as strategos or as stratelates (although these terms were also used non-technically to refer to commanders of different ranks).
Urbaniak
Urbaniak is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorota Urbaniak (born 1972), Polish Canadian rower

Hilde Urbaniak, German canoer

James Urbaniak (born 1963), American actor

Jarosław Urbaniak (born 1966), Polish politician

Lena Urbaniak (born 1992), German athlete

Michał Urbaniak (1943–2025), Polish jazz musician

Michał Urbaniak (politician) (born 1990), Polish politician and entrepreneur

Mika Urbaniak (born 1980), Polish singer, daughter of Michał

Sebastian Urbaniak (born 2001), Polish hurdler

Urszula Urbaniak (born 1962), Polish director

Mika Urbaniak
Mika Urbaniak (born Michelle Urbaniak in 1980 in New York City) is an American pop singer. She is a daughter of prominent Polish jazz musicians Urszula Dudziak and Michał Urbaniak. Born and raised in the United States, she has lived in Warsaw and London since 2001. Her style is a mixture of pop, jazz and hip-hop. In 2010, she won the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry award Fryderyk in the category Album of the Year - Pop.
Qurtuba (Kuwait)
Qurtubah (Arabic: قرطبة) is an area in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It is five miles (8 km) from Kuwait International Airport. It comprises five blocks.

Nearby areas include Yarmuk (1.0 nmi or 1.8 km), Adiliya (0.7 nmi or 1.3 km), Da'iya (1.3 nmi or 2.4 km), Hadiqah (1.3 nmi or 2.4 km), Rawda (1.7 nmi or 3.1 km), Abraq Khaytan (1.5 nmi or 2.8 km) and Surrah (2.2 nmi or 4.1 km) .

Areas of Kuwait
Kuwait is divided into six governorates, and in each there are several areas (Arabic: مناطِق). They are much less commonly called by other names such as districts or towns. However, they are commonly known inside the English-speaking community in Kuwait and are officially translated to as areas. The Arabic word for area, Mintaqah, means both area and region. Areas are further sub-divided into blocks, each of which is referred by a number. All blocks are divided into streets (Arabic: شارع) šāriʿ. Then some areas may be further sub-divided into (Arabic: جادة) Jadda, which is translated to avenue or lane.

Each area in Kuwait has an official governmental facility called a co-op society or just society (Arabic: جمعية). They are mainly supermarkets that provide foods and products and they take part in maintaining some of the areas landmarks, but they're not legally obliged to. They have elected members who manage them. Only residents of the area can vote for their society's membership.
Porter Cup
The Porter Cup is a 72-hole, medal-play elite amateur golf tournament held annually at the Niagara Falls Country Club in Lewiston, New York. It was first played in 1959 and over the years has hosted some of the biggest names in golf. Past champions include PGA Tour stars Phil Mickelson, David Duval, Scott Verplank and Ben Crenshaw.

Lewiston, New York
Lewiston is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 15,944 at the 2020 census.  The town and its contained village are named after  Morgan Lewis, a governor of New York.

The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county.  The Village of Lewiston is within the town.
1983 K League
The 1983 Korean Super League was the first ever season of the K League, the top football league in South Korea. A total of five teams participated in the league. Two of them were professional teams (Hallelujah FC and Yukong Elephants), and three of them were semi-professional teams (POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals and Kookmin Bank). Each founding member had its mascot: eagle, elephant, dolphin, royal (crown) and magpie.

The season began on 8 May and ended on 25 September. It was played in two stages: the first stage was held in five cities (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Jeonju, and Daejeon), and the second stage was held in nine cities (including Gwangju, Chuncheon, Masan, and Andong).

Masan
Masan (Korean: 마산) is an administrative region of Changwon, a city of South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It was formerly an independent city from 1949 until 30 June 2010, when it was absorbed to Changwon along with Jinhae. Masan was redistricted as two districts within Changwon, Masanhappo District and Masanhoewon District. On 31 December 2012, the population of the districts combined was 406,893.

Throughout Korean history, Masan served as a significant port city of Happo, which went through rapid modernization in the 19th century. It was also a stage for significant democratization movements in the 1960s and 1970s, most notable event being the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests in 1979. Due to its status as a free trade port, Masan has experienced consistent growth until the early 1990s when the construction of Changwon went underway and began to attract citizens around the region.
BinayTara
BinayTara is a United States-based non-profit organization focused on cancer care, continuing medical education, and implementation science research in the fields of hematology and oncology. The organization aims to contribute to the reduction of the global burden of cancer through education, research, and improved clinical practices. It was established in 2007 AD by Dr. Binay Shah and Tara Shah. This is registered as a Washington State nonprofit organization and is exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Jama railway station
Jama railway station (station code: JAMA) is at Jama village city in Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand on the Jasidih–Rampurhat section. It is in the Asansol railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has an average elevation of 169 metres (554 ft).

The railway line has single 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge track from Jasidih Junction in Deoghar district in Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand to Rampurhat in Birbhum district of West Bengal. This railway track to Dumka is a boon for Santhal Pargana Division.

The Jama railway station provides rail connectivity to the nearby villages Jarpura, Ghoribad, Silandah, Belkupi, Sugnibad.

Dumka district
Dumka district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Dumka is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district covers an area of 3716.02 km2. This district has a population of 1,321,442 (2011 Census).Dumka district is located in eastern part of Jharkhand.
Review of Philosophy and Psychology
The Review of Philosophy and Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer that focuses on philosophical and foundational issues in cognitive science. The journal is hosted at the Jean Nicod Institute (Paris), a research center of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS).

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
HMS Aurora (1766)
HMS Aurora was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. The ship was built in Chatham Dockyard and launched on 13 January 1766. She was later purchased and transferred to the East India Company in 1768.

John Monkton was recorded as serving on her prior to September 1769 but was transferred to another ship before her final voyage.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Hopwood v. Texas
Hopwood v. Texas, 78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996), was the first successful legal challenge to a university's affirmative action policy in student admissions since Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. In Hopwood, four white plaintiffs who had been rejected from University of Texas at Austin's School of Law challenged the institution's admissions policy on equal protection grounds and prevailed. After seven years as a precedent in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, the Hopwood decision was abrogated by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2003.

Repeal
A repeal (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal) is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of repeal; a repeal with a re-enactment is used to replace the law with an updated, amended, or otherwise related law, or a repeal without replacement so as to abolish its provisions altogether.

Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Under the common law of England and Wales, the effect of repealing a statute was "to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed." This, however, is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978.

In parliamentary procedure, the motion to rescind, repeal, or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly.
Tommy Schleh
Thomas Jürgen Schleh (born 10 December 1964, in Neckarbischofsheim), known under his stage names as Tommy Schleh and DJ Klubbingman, is a Eurodance DJ and producer. He is a member of the group Masterboy.

Neckarbischofsheim
Neckarbischofsheim (German pronunciation: [ˌnɛkaʁˈbɪʃɔfshaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg,  Germany. It is situated 8 km northeast of Sinsheim, and 24 km southeast of Heidelberg.
William Marlott
William Marlott (May 1574 – February 1646) of Shoreham was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  between 1625 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil War.

Marlott was born in Sussex, the son of Thomas Marlott and his wife Dorothy Stapley.

In 1624 Marlott was elected Member of Parliament for New Shoreham and held the seat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. In April 1640, he was re-elected MP for New Shoreham in the Short Parliament and again in November 1640 for the Long Parliament and held the seat until his death in 1646. Marlott was absent on a call of the House on 5 February 1644, being on service of the Parliament. He took the Covenant on 27 March 1644.

Marlott died in 1646 and was buried on 8 February 1646 at Shoreham by Sea .

New Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency)
New Shoreham, sometimes simply called Shoreham, was a parliamentary borough centred on the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in what is now West Sussex.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1295 to 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until it was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, with effect from the 1885 general election.

A modern constituency called Shoreham existed from 1974 to 1997.
Volleyball at the 2013 Bolivarian Games – Women's tournament
The Women's tournament of volleyball at the 2013 Bolivarian Games in Trujillo, Peru begun on November 24 and ended on November 29. All games were held at the Coliseo Gran Chimu. The defending champions, Peru, won their  competitions's sixth title.

Peru women's national volleyball team
The Peru women's national volleyball team represents Peru in international women's volleyball. It is governed by the Peruvian Volleyball Federation (FVF) and was one of the dominant forces in women's volleyball in the 1980s, culminating in the silver medal won at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.
The team's nickname is Las Hijas del Sol (The Sun's daughters).