hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albert Simonson
Albert Charles Simonson (December 26, 1914 in New York City – November 16, 1965 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) was an American chess master. He was one of the strongest American players of the 1930s, and was part of the American team which won the gold medals at the 1933 Chess Olympiad. Simonson was certainly at least of International Master strength, based on his limited playing career.

Chess title
A chess title is a title regulated by a chess governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body FIDE grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is Grandmaster; many national chess federations also grant titles such as National Master. More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
Ulsrud
Ulsrud is a neighbourhood in Oslo, Norway. Previously an ancient farm, and located between the lakes Østensjøvannet and Ulsrudvannet.

The area is served by the Ulsrud station of the Østensjø Line on the Oslo Metro.

Østensjøvannet
Østensjøvannet (pronunciationⓘ) is a lake located in the Østensjø borough in Oslo, Norway. It is well known for the wide variety of birds and other wildlife that can be found there.  It is currently a wildlife preserve, though urban development posed a serious threat to the lake and its environs during the 1980s and early 1990s.
Gardiner railway station
Gardiner station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Glen Waverley line, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves Glen Iris, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The station opened on 24 March 1890, named after pastoralist John Gardiner, who had settled near the junction of the Yarra River and Gardiners Creek in 1836.

The station consists of two side platforms accessed by a pedestrian concourse. There is one principal station building located on the concourse which serves as bike parking space and PSO facilities. This building is single story and opened in 2016 as part of a station rebuild. The station is fully accessible as there are DDA compliant lifts and access ramps provided.

The station connects to the route 72 tram service. The journey to Southern Cross railway station in central Melbourne is approximately 10.61 kilometres (6.59 mi) and takes 25 minutes.

Disability Discrimination Act 1992
The Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) is an Act passed by the Parliament of Australia in which prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, education, publicly available premises, provision of goods and services, accommodation, clubs and associations, and other contexts. Discrimination is defined to include failing to make reasonable adjustments for the person. The Australian Human Rights Commission are given and assess complaints made under the Act.
Westminster Seminary California
Reformed Christianity portal

Westminster Seminary California is a Reformed and Presbyterian Christian seminary in Escondido, California. It was initially a branch campus of Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia until 1982 when it became fully independent. It has 13 full-time faculty members and enrolls approximately 155 full-time students.

Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry
The Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry (CARM) is a nonprofit, nondenominational Protestant apologetics ministry with an internet and radio outreach. It is involved in evangelism, including full-time support for several foreign missionaries. It is based in the United States and was founded in 1995. Matthew Slick currently serves as president of the ministry. The ministry is registered as a 501(c)(3) organization and is headquartered in Nampa, Idaho.
People in Cages
People in Cages is a short play by the British writer, David Henry Wilson, first performed in 2000. The play consists of four short vignettes, each of which revolves around different individuals or groups of people locked inside a cage for the entertainment of paying visitors, reminiscent of a sideshow.

Vignette (literature)
A vignette (/vɪn.ˈjɛt/ ⓘ, also /viːn.-/) is a French loanword expressing a short and descriptive piece of writing that captures a brief period in time. Vignettes are more focused on vivid imagery and meaning rather than plot. Vignettes can be stand-alone, but they are more commonly part of a larger narrative, such as vignettes found in novels or collections of short stories.
KFF Liria Prizren
KFF Liria (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik për Femra Liria) is a women's football club based in Prizren, Kosovo. The club has competed in the Kosovo Women's Football League, which is the top tier of women's football in the country, since the 2017/18 season. Their home ground is the Përparim Thaçi Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 10,000.

Women's Football Superleague of Kosovo
The Women's Football Superleague of Kosovo (Albanian: Superliga e Futbollit për Femra të Kosovës), also known as the SIGURIA Women's Superleague (Albanian: SIGURIA Superliga e Femrave) for sponsorship reasons, is the top women's association football division of the women's football league system in Kosovo. The league is organised by the Football Federation of Kosovo (FFK) through its competitions commission and, since a 2022 reorganisation, has operated as an eight-team national championship at the apex of a multi-tier women's league structure.

The champions qualify for the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Women's Champions League, subject to meeting UEFA licensing criteria, giving Kosovar clubs a pathway into European competition. Mitrovica are the most successful club in the league's history, having won six titles, while sides such as Kosova VR Prishtinë, Hajvalia and EP-COM Hajvalia have also claimed national championships.
2019 Nevada killing spree
The 2019 Nevada killing spree was a series of murders in January 2019 in which an assailant broke into three homes in Douglas and Washoe Counties in northwestern Nevada, murdered the elderly inhabitants, and made off with valuables. Reports of the crimes terrified area residents for several days until a police manhunt identified and apprehended Wilber Ernesto Martinez-Guzman. The sheriff's report states that Martinez-Guzman later confessed.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Alexandra Grant
Alexandra Grant (born April 4, 1973) is an American visual artist who examines language and written texts through painting, drawing, sculpture, video, and other media. She uses language and exchanges with writers as a source for much of that work. Grant examines the process of writing and ideas based in linguistic theory as it connects to art and creates visual images inspired by text and collaborative group installations based on that process. She is based in Los Angeles.

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA) is a contemporary art museum with two locations in Los Angeles, California. The main branch is located on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, near the Walt Disney Concert Hall. MOCA's original space, initially intended as a temporary exhibit space while the main facility was built, is now known as the Geffen Contemporary and located in the Little Tokyo district of downtown Los Angeles. Between 2000 and 2019, it operated a satellite facility at the Pacific Design Center facility in West Hollywood.

The museum's exhibits consist primarily of American and European contemporary art created after 1940. Since the museum's inception, MOCA's programming has been defined by its multi-disciplinary approach to contemporary art.
User-mode Linux
User-mode Linux (UML) is a virtualization system for the Linux operating system based on an architectural port of the Linux kernel to its own system call interface, which enables multiple virtual Linux kernel-based operating systems (known as guests) to run as an application within a normal Linux system (known as the host). A Linux kernel compiled for the um architecture can then boot as a process under another Linux kernel, entirely in user space, without affecting the host environment's configuration or stability.

This method gives the user a way to run many virtual Linux machines on a single piece of hardware, allowing some isolation, typically without changing the configuration or stability of the host environment because each guest is just a regular application running as a process in user space.

System call
In computing, a system call (syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive or accessing the device's camera), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.  System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

In most systems, system calls can only be made from userspace processes, while in some systems, OS/360 and successors for example, privileged system code also issues system calls.

For embedded systems, system calls typically do not change the privilege mode of the CPU.
West Cairn Hill
West Cairn Hill  is a hill in the Pentland Hills range of Scotland. With a height of 562 m (1,844 ft), it is the fifth highest elevation and lies on the western flank of the approximately 20 mi (32 km) long chain of hills.

The border between the council areas of the Scottish Borders and West Lothian runs over the knoll. The closest settlement is the hamlet of Carlops around six kilometers to the southeast. West Calder is nine kilometers to the northwest and Penicuik is eleven kilometers to the east. The Cauldstane Slap pass runs at the saddle point between West and East Cairn Hill. The surrounding hills include Colzium Hill and Torweaving Hill in the southwest, East Cairn Hill in the northeast, and Wether Law in the east.

Carlops
Carlops (Scottish Gaelic: Leum na Caillich) is a small village in the Pentland Hills, within the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, close to the boundary with Midlothian. It lies between West Linton and Penicuik.

The village was founded in 1784 and developed cotton weaving, coalmining and limestone mining.

The name derives from the Scots "Carlins Lowp" (English: "Witches' Leap"), since near the south of the village there are two exposed rock faces about 20 m (66 ft) high facing each other, with a similar distance between them. Folklore maintained that witches would leap from one face to the other, over the chasm, for entertainment of an evening.
Chuck Zehner
Chuck Zehner (January 9, 1942 – December 2, 2000) was the producer and host of the PBS/Milwaukee Public Television series Tracks Ahead. He hosted the show from 1990 to 2000. He died on December 2, 2000, of a heart attack in South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. After his death, Spencer Christian took over and is the current host of Tracks Ahead.

South Milwaukee, Wisconsin
South Milwaukee is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 20,795 at the 2020 census. Situated on the western shore of Lake Michigan, South Milwaukee developed as a streetcar suburb located 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Milwaukee.
Hokkien phonology
Hokkien is a Southern Min language spoken in southern Fujian and Taiwan. It has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Sinitic languages.

Along with other Min languages, which are not directly descended from Middle Chinese, Hokkien is of considerable interest to historical linguists for reconstructing Old Chinese.

This article uses Pe̍h-ōe-jī and IPA for transcription.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Eye 2 Eye: Live in Madrid
Eye 2 Eye: Live in Madrid is a live concert performance by Alan Parsons released on both DVD-Video and Audio CD on April 6, 2010 on the Frontiers label. The show was performed with his band Alan Parsons Live Project, and was recorded live at the Plaza Mayor, Madrid, Spain, on May 14, 2004.

P. J. Olsson
Paul Josef Olsson (13 July 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, producer and audio engineer, best known as the lead vocalist of the Alan Parsons Live Project since 2003. He is a Grammy-winning engineer for his work with Alan Parsons for the Eye In The Sky - 35th Anniversary Edition. As a recording artist, he has toured with various talents over his lifetime, including Deep Purple, Train, Muse, Simple Minds, Rufus Wainwright, Earth, Wind & Fire, Wyclef, Nelly Furtado, Beth Orton, Placebo, and many more.
Shawn Little
Shawn William Little (October 16, 1964 – November 24, 2012) was a political consultant and Ottawa City Councillor in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, for the urban Kitchissippi Ward, consisting of neighbourhoods west of the City Centre. He was born in Ottawa and raised in its Westboro neighbourhood, where he attended Woodroffe Avenue and Broadview Public elementary schools followed by Nepean High School. He earned a bachelor's degree in history and political science from Carleton University, and a diploma in health sciences from Humber College. He wrote articles for the Newswest community paper in its early days. He died in November 2012 while vacationing in Cuba.

Westboro, Ottawa
Westboro (often referred to as Westboro Village) is an area in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located along the Ottawa River, Island Park Drive defines Westboro's eastern border, while the Ottawa River defines its northern border. Under this definition, the population of the area is 22,725 (2016 Census).

Its community association boundaries are the Transitway to the north, Tweedsmuir Avenue to the east, Carling Avenue to the south and Denbury Avenue to the west. This area excludes the neighbourhood of Westboro Beach, whose community association borders include the area immediately north of Westboro, west of Island Park Drive.
Andrzej Mokronowski
Andrzej Mokronowski (1713–1784) was a member of the Polish szlachta, a politician and general of the Polish Army.

He was the first Polish Mason and founder of the first Masonic Lodge in Poland, which opened in 1742 in Wisniowiec. He subsequently founded another lodge in 1744 in Warsaw.

He was made a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, in 1776, and served as Marshal of the Sejm from August 26 to October 31, 1776, in Warsaw.

He was voivode of the Masovian Voivodeship from 1781.

Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm  (Polish: Marszałek Sejmu, pronounced [marˈʂawɛk ˈsɛjmu]) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Marszałek, in this case, is Polish native name for parliamentary Speaker.
Flowers (TV series)
Flowers is a British black comedy drama series created, written and directed by Will Sharpe and starring Olivia Colman and Julian Barratt. It was commissioned by the British broadcaster Channel 4, in association with the American TV streaming service Seeso.

The first series premiered in the UK with two episodes on 25 April 2016 and was broadcast daily during the week, ending on 29 April. In the United States, all 6 episodes were released online on 5 May 2016. The series concluded with a second series following the same pattern, premiering with two episodes on 11 June 2018, in the UK, followed by an episode daily during that week.

Seeso
Seeso was an over-the-top subscription streaming service owned by Comcast through NBCUniversal, launched on January 7, 2016, and closed on November 8, 2017. It provided comedy content such as original and broadcast television shows.
I Came By
I Came By is a 2022 British crime thriller film written, co-produced and directed by British-Iranian filmmaker Babak Anvari. The film stars George MacKay, Percelle Ascott, Kelly Macdonald and Hugh Bonneville. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 19 August 2022, before its streaming release on 31 August 2022 by Netflix.

Hugh Bonneville
Hugh Richard Bonniwell Williams DL (born 10 November 1963), known professionally as Hugh Bonneville, is an English actor. He is best known for portraying Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham, in the ITV historical drama series Downton Abbey from 2010 to 2015. His performance on the show earned him a nomination at the Golden Globes and two consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations, as well as three Actor Awards. He reprised his role in the feature films Downton Abbey (2019), Downton Abbey: A New Era (2022), and Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale (2025). He also acted in the films Notting Hill (1999), Iris (2001), The Monuments Men (2014), and the Paddington films (2014–present).

For Iris, Bonneville received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, which was followed by four nominations in the BAFTA Award for Best Male Comedy Performance category for portraying Ian Fletcher in Twenty Twelve (2011-2012) and W1A (2014-2017).
2014 Guangzhou International Women's Open – Doubles
Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but they chose not to participate this year.
Chuang Chia-jung and Liang Chen won the title, defeating Alizé Cornet and Magda Linette in the final, 2–6, 7–6(7–3), [10–7], despite being a match point down in the second set.

Chuang Chia-jung
Chuang Chia-jung (Chinese: 莊佳容; pinyin: Zhuāng Jiāróng; Taiwanese  Mandarin: [tswáŋ.tɕjá zʊ̌ŋ]; born 10 January 1985) is a Taiwanese former tennis player.

In her career, she won 22 doubles titles on the WTA Tour and three doubles titles on tournaments of the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as ten singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 13 November 2006, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 177. On 18 August 2008, she peaked at No. 5 in the WTA doubles rankings.

On 28 October 2018, Chuang announced her retirement from pro tour and her marriage via Instagram.
Rhizophora apiculata
The tall-stilt mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata)  is a species of flowering plant distributed throughout Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands.

It is located exclusively in the mangrove ecosystem due to an affinity to wet, muddy and silty sediments. Due to the high salt concentrations of the soils in these environments, it has mechanisms (ultrafiltration) in place to reduce the likely impacts associated with increased salt in plant physiology (drying plant material down causing increased evapotranspiration). Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata are used to make charcoal in the charcoal kilns of Kuala Sepetang in Perak, Malaysia. Rhizophora apiculata is used within mangrove plantation specifically for wood, and charcoal production in many parts of Thailand.

There are alternative uses for R. apiculata, such as to reinforce nets, ropes and fishing lines, transform into charcoal or trade for income.

Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration (ET) refers to the combined processes which move water from the Earth's surface (open water and ice surfaces, bare soil and vegetation) into the atmosphere. It covers both water evaporation (movement of water to the air directly from soil, canopies, and water bodies) and transpiration (evaporation that occurs through the stomata, or openings, in plant leaves). Evapotranspiration is an important part of the local water cycle and climate, and measurement of it plays a key role in water resource management and agricultural irrigation.
Anna D'Angeri
Anna D'Angeri (Angermayer de Redenburg; 14 April 1853 – 14 December 1907) was an Austrian-born opera singer, who adopted Italy as her country and Italianized her surname. She had a brief (1873–1881) but eminent career singing leading soprano roles at the venues of Vienna Hofoper and La Scala, Milan. Particularly admired by Verdi, she sang the role of Amelia in the premiere of the revised version of his, Simon Boccanegra. She also sang the roles of Ortrud and Venus in the London premiere of Wagner's Lohengrin and Tannhäuser.  Additionally, she created the roles of Jefte in Ponchielli's Il figliuol prodigo and Maria in Gomes's Maria Tudor.

Amilcare Ponchielli
Amilcare Ponchielli (US: /ˌpɒŋkiˈɛli, ˌpɔːŋ-/, Italian: [aˈmilkare poŋˈkjɛlli]; 31 August 1834 – 16 January 1886) was an Italian opera composer, best known for his opera La Gioconda. He was married to the soprano Teresina Brambilla.
Peter Bevan-Baker
Peter Stewart Bevan-Baker (born 3 June 1962) is a Scottish-Canadian politician. He served as the leader of the Green Party of Prince Edward Island from 2012 to 2023. He is currently the member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island representing New Haven-Rocky Point (formerly representing Kellys Cross-Cumberland). He previously stood as a candidate for both the Green Party of Ontario and the Green Party of Canada. Bevan-Baker is a dentist by profession as well as being an active writer, musician and public speaker. Bevan-Baker served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in the 66th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 2019 to 2023.

Scottish Canadians
Scottish Canadians (Scottish Gaelic: Canèidianaich Albannach) are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the 2016 Census of Canada, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,799,010, or 13.93% of the nation's total population. Prince Edward Island has the highest population of Scottish descendants at 41%.

The Scots-Irish Canadians are a similar ethnic group. They descended from Lowland Scots and Northern English people via Ulster and so some observe many of the same traditions as Scots.

Categorically, Scottish Canadians comprise a subgroup of British Canadians which is a further subgroup of European Canadians.
Maddoke
The village of Maddoke is between the cities of Moga and Jagraon, India, 7 km. from Ajitwal. The sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind, visited it. A five story building built in his memory.

The population in the 1991 census was 2380, and the area is 570 hectares.

Jagraon
Jagraon is a city and a municipal council, a rural police district and a sub-division of the Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Jagraon is more than three centuries old. Jagraon is at almost the geographical center of the state, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the Satluj River. It is 37 km (23 mi) from its district headquarters Ludhiana, 29 km (18 mi) from Moga, 31 km (19 mi) from Nakodar and 54 miles from Barnala.