hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kazimierz Gzowski (equestrian)
Kazimierz Aleksander Gzowski (October 8, 1901 in Sumy, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire – June 25, 1986 in London, Great Britain) was a Polish cavalry officer and horse rider who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

He won the silver medal with the Polish team in the team jumping with his horse Mylord after finishing fourth in the individual jumping.

During the World War I Gzowski served in the Imperial Russian Army and since 1919 in the Polish. On 30 April 1935 he retired from military.

Gzowski fought in World War II with the Polish forces in the West. After the war, he stayed in England.

Kharkov Governorate
Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. In 1780–1796 there existed the Kharkov Vicegerency (Ukrainian: намісництво, romanized: namisnytstvo; Russian: намесничество, romanized: namestnichestvo).

From 1765 to 1780, the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate existed. In 1780, the Kharkov Viceroyalty was established and lasted until 1796. In 1835, the Viceroyalty was again reorganized into the Sloboda-Ukrainian Governorate, and from 1835 onwards, the Kharkov Governorate was formed, which existed until 1925. With each reorganization, the boundaries and administrative structure change significantly. The main state tax implementation, processing, and publishing of statistical information for the Kharkov governorate was the Kharkov Governorate Statistical Committee.
The Collection (TV series)
The Collection is a television period drama miniseries, focusing on the Paris fashion scene after World War II. It is a co-production Amazon Studios, BBC Worldwide's Lookout Point, Federation Entertainment and France Télévisions, It premiered on 2 September 2016.

Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.
Military Academy of Agulhas Negras
The Military Academy of Agulhas Negras (Portuguese: Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras, AMAN) is a service academy for training of officer cadets of the Brazilian Army. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing, the first military school of the Americas. It is located in Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

It is the only institution that trains career officers in the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Engineering and Communications branches, as well as the Ordnance Corps and the Army Quartermaster Corps.

National Historical Museum (Brazil)
22°54′21.27″S 43°10′10.28″W﻿ / ﻿22.9059083°S 43.1695222°W﻿ / -22.9059083; -43.1695222

The National Historical Museum (Portuguese: Museu Histórico Nacional) of Brazil was created in 1922, and possesses over 287,000 items, including the largest numismatic collection of Latin America. The architectural complex that houses the museum was built in 1603 as the St. James of Mercy Fort; earlier structures date back to 1567, erected by order of King Sebastian I of Portugal. In 1693, the Calaboose Prison, for slaves, was built. In 1762, the Casa do Trem was added as a depot of weapons and ammunition. The last additions are the War Arsenal (1764) and the Barracks (1835).
George F. Montgomery Sr.
George F. Montgomery Sr. (1909-1981) was a Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives.

Montgomery was born in Ionia, Michigan in 1909 and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1929. He worked as a teacher, was first elected to the House in 1944, and was defeated for re-election in 1946. Montgomery unsuccessfully sought election to the House in 1950, 1954, and 1956; as State Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1947; and to the Senate in 1952. He was a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention.

Montgomery again won election to the House in 1958, serving for just over two decades before retiring in 1980. Montgomery died on March 10, 1981, at his home in Pompano Beach, Florida, and his body lay in state in the House chamber of the Michigan State Capitol. His son, George Jr. also served in the House for three terms with his father.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Western wear
Western wear is a category of men's and women's clothing which derives its unique style from the clothes worn in the 19th century Wild West. It ranges from accurate historical reproductions of American frontier clothing, to the stylized garments popularized by Western film and television or singing cowboys such as Gene Autry and Roy Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. It continues to be a fashion choice in the West and Southwestern United States, as well as people associated with country music or Western lifestyles, for example the various Western or Regional Mexican music styles. Western wear typically incorporates one or more of the following: Western shirts with pearl snap fasteners and vaquero design accents, blue jeans, cowboy hat, a leather belt, and cowboy boots.

Belt (clothing)
A belt is a flexible band or strap, typically made of leather, plastic, or heavy cloth, worn around the natural waist or near it (as far down as the hips). The ends of a belt are free, and a buckle is often used to form the belt into a loop by securing one end to another part of the belt, at or near the other end, though they may also be without a buckle and be simply tied using some form of knot. Often, the resulting loop is smaller than the hips. Belts come in many lengths because of the variety in waist sizes, and when they have a buckle, some belts can be adjusted at it to suit the wearer's waist. It can also be used as a weapon of discipline by parents and sometimes used as a symbol of child abuse in some cases.
Huntington Hardwick
Huntington Reed "Tack" Hardwick (October 15, 1892 – June 26, 1949) was an American football player. He played at the halfback and end positions for the Harvard Crimson. He never lost a game during his three years on the varsity, and was selected as a unanimous first-team All-American in 1914. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954. Later in life he co-founded the Boston Garden.

Grantland Rice
Henry Grantland Rice (November 1, 1880 – July 13, 1954) was an American sportswriter, columnist, and poet from Tennessee known as the "Dean of American Sports Writers".  He published three books of poetry, and coined the famous phrase that it was not important whether you “won or lost, but how you played the game.”

His writing was known for its elegance and published in newspapers around the country, and broadcast on the radio.  He and his writing are among the reasons that the roaring 1920s in the United States are sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age of Sports".

In 1924, he nicknamed the Notre Dame backfield the "Four Horsemen".  In 1925 he replaced Walter Camp in selecting college football All-America teams. Rice set out to make heroes of sports figures who impressed him, most notably in baseball Babe Ruth, in boxing Jack Dempsey, in football Red Grange and Knute Rockne, in golf Bobby Jones and Babe Didrikson, and in tennis Bill Tilden.
Chris Anthony (rugby union)
Christopher Thomas Anthony (born 23 July 1976) is a former international Wales rugby union player. A prop, he played his club rugby for Newport Gwent Dragons.

Anthony played club rugby for several amateur teams including Newport and Swansea. His first international cap was against United States national rugby union team at Wilmington in 1997.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.
Rupintrivir
Rupintrivir (AG-7088, Rupinavir) is a peptidomimetic antiviral drug which acts as a 3C and 3CL protease inhibitor. It was developed for the treatment of rhinoviruses, and has subsequently been investigated for the treatment of other viral diseases including those caused by picornaviruses, norovirus, and coronaviruses, such as SARS and COVID-19.

Picornavirus
Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including fish, mammals, and birds. They are viruses that represent a large family of small, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a 30 nm icosahedral capsid. The viruses in this family can cause a range of diseases including the common cold, poliomyelitis,  meningitis, hepatitis, and paralysis.

Picornaviruses constitute the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, and realm Riboviria. There are 159 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera, most of which belong to 5 subfamilies. Notable examples are genera Enterovirus (including Rhinovirus and Poliovirus), Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, and Hepatovirus.
Communauté de communes de la Touraine du Sud
The Communauté de communes de la Touraine du Sud is a former federation of municipalities (communauté de communes) in the Indre-et-Loire département and in the Centre-Val de Loire région of France. It was created in December 2000. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Loches Sud Touraine in January 2017. Its seat was in Preuilly-sur-Claise, but Descartes was the most populous commune of the communauté de communes.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Edmundo dos Santos Silva
Edmundo dos Santos Silva (born April 11, 1948) is a former president of Clube de Regatas do Flamengo.

Born in Salvador, he had two spells as the Clube de Regatas do Flamengo's president, from 1999 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2002. During his administration, Flamengo signed a R$80 million partnership with Swiss sport marketing company International Sports Licensing (ISL). He brought players such as Carlos Gamarra and Dejan Petković to play for the club. After ISL folded in 2001, Flamengo's financial problems increased. During his spell as the club's president, Flamengo won the Campeonato Carioca in 1999, 2000 and in 2001, the Copa Mercosur in 1999, and the Copa dos Campeões in 2001. He suffered an impeachment in 2002, leaving the club's presidency.

Copa dos Campeões
Copa dos Campeões (Portuguese for Brazilian Champions Cup) was a Brazilian football competition, organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), contested by the best teams from each one of the regional cups.

The Copa dos Campeões winner was automatically qualified to following year's Copa Libertadores.

In 1968, Grêmio Maringá won a similar competition, named Torneio dos Campeões da CBD.
Luca Ciriani
Luca Ciriani (born 26 January 1967) is an Italian politician who is the group leader of the Brothers of Italy grouping in the Senate of the Republic.

He had succeeded Federico D'Incà as Minister for Parliamentary Relations in the Meloni Cabinet.

His younger brother Alessandro Ciriani has served as Mayor of Pordenone and as a Member of the European Parliament.

Pordenone
Pordenone (Italian: [pordeˈnoːne] ⓘ; Venetian and Friulian: Pordenon) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the capital of the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone.

The name comes from Latin Portus Naonis, meaning "port on the Noncello River".
Cynefin framework
The Cynefin framework (/kəˈnɛvɪn/ kuh-NEV-in) is a conceptual framework used to aid decision-making. Created in 1999 by Dave Snowden when he worked for IBM Global Services, it has been described as a "sense-making device". Cynefin is a Welsh word for 'habitat'.

Cynefin offers five decision-making contexts or "domains"—clear (also known as simple or obvious), complicated, complex, chaotic, and confusion (or disorder)—that help managers to identify how they perceive situations and make sense of their own and other people's behaviour. The framework draws on research into systems theory, complexity theory, network theory and learning theories.

Network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components.

Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.

Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
Santa Maria, Gualter
Santa Maria de Gualter is a Romanesque Benedictine monastery near the village of Gualter in the municipality of  La Baronia de Rialb, Catalonia, Spain.

The village of Gualter was ceded to the monastery of Santa María de Ripoll by Count Wilfred the Hairy, which would have taken place before 890. In 1079 it was owned by Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell.  The first attempts were made at building the monastery from 1118, when a brotherhood of clergy and laity was created to raise the monastery, which was consecrated in 1207. The Counts of Urgell, especially Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell, continued to favour the monastery. Pope Clement VIII abolished the monastery in 1593, after which it became a simple parish church. It fell into ruin but has been rehabilitated.

Ermengol VIII
Ermengol or Armengol VIII (1158–1208), known as el de Sant Hilari ("the one from Sant Hilari") was the count of Urgell from 1184 until his death. He was a son of Ermengol VII and Dulce, daughter of Roger III of Foix.

In 1178, he married Elvira of Subirats, with whom he had an only daughter, Aurembiaix.

During his reign, the decline of his house was initiated at the hands of the viscounts of Àger. In 1206, a period of disorder commenced owing to the ambitions of Guerau IV of Cabrera, who disputed the right of Aurembiaix to succeed. Ermengol extracted a promise from Peter II of Aragon to defend the rights of his widow and daughter.
Robert Huna
Róbert Huna (born 9 March 1985) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player who currently playing for HK Levice of the Slovak 1. Liga.

He previously played for HC Slovan Bratislava, MsHK Žilina and HC Košice. He also played for Yertis Pavlodar of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. He is the twin brother of Richard Huna and the two have often been teammates together. He is also the younger brother of Rudolf Huna.

HC Košice
Hockey Club Košice is a Slovak professional ice hockey club based in Košice that competes in the Slovak Extraliga, the top tier of Slovak ice hockey. It is the most successful hockey club in Slovakia and the former Czechoslovakia, having won the Tipos Extraliga ten times, the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League twice, the 1st. Slovak National Hockey League once, the IIHF Continental Cup once, the Tatra Cup 11 times, and the Rona Cup four times. The club is nicknamed "Oceliari" ("Steelers" in English). The team plays at the Steel Arena in Košice.
Uwa, Ehime
Uwa (宇和町, Uwa-chō) was a town located in Higashiuwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 17,692 and a density of 133.49 persons per km2. The total area was 132.53 km2.

On April 1, 2004, Uwa was merged with the towns of Akehama, Nomura and Shirokawa (all from Higashiuwa District), and the town of Mikame (from Nishiuwa District), to create the city of Seiyo.

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Abisoye Fagade
Abisoye Fagade is a Nigerian marketing communication professional. He is the founder and managing director of Sodium Brand Solutions. A consortium that produces marketing communications, media, consumer goods, hospitality, oil and gas. founded the Abisoye Fagade Foundation to empower Nigerian youth, through mentorship and skills transfer.

Marketing communications
Marketing communications (also known MC, marcom(s), marcomm(s) or just simply communications) refers to the combined use of different marketing channels and tools. Marketing communication channels focus on how businesses communicate a message to their desired market, or the greater market in general. It can also include the internal communications of the organization. Marketing communication tools include advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, public relations, social media, customer journey and promotion.

MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4 Ps (Price, Promotion, Place and Product), for a business selling goods, and made up of 7 Ps: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service-based business.
Korang River
The Korang River is a stream in the Pothohar region of Punjab, Pakistan. It is fed by water from streams located in Murree Hills, and flows towards Islamabad.

The Korang and some other small streams originating from Margalla Hills feed the artificial Rawal Lake in Islamabad. Korang River is the outlet stream of Rawal Dam. This stream crosses the Islamabad Expressway from between Korang Town and Judicial Colony. The terrain of this stream is eye-catching, and the Lohi Bher Wildlife Park is located on the beautiful terrain on the left bank of Korang stream. Onward, this stream joins the Soan River before reaching the Grand Trunk Road. Just after this point, Lai Nullah also joins Soan River.

Lohi Bher Wildlife Park
Lohi Bher Wildlife Park is a zoo located near Lohi Bher in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Established in 1992, the area encompasses 687 acres. It was established and is administered by the Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Department of the Government of Punjab.
Higgins Bay, New York
Higgins Bay, formally called Lower Rudeston, is a hamlet located in the Town of Arietta in Hamilton County, New York, United States. Higgins Bay is located on the southern shore of Piseco Lake, located on a small bay in the lake, also called Higgins Bay. It is on NY-8, north of the junction of Routes NY-8 and NY-10.

Piseco Lake
Piseco Lake is located in Hamilton County, New York, near the hamlet of Piseco in the Adirondack Mountains. The outflow is Piseco Outlet, which flows into the West Branch Sacandaga River.
In the early 1800s Joshua Brown, who was a surveyor in the area, named the lake after a Native American named "Pezeeko" who lived on the lake.
Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.

Non-commercial activity
A non-commercial (also spelled noncommercial) activity is an activity that is not carried out in the interest of profit. The opposite is commercial, something that primarily serves profit interests and is focused on business.

For example, advertising-free community radio stations are typically nonprofit organizations staffed by individuals volunteering their efforts to air a wide variety of radio programming, and do not run explicit radio advertisements, included in the United States specific grouping of "non-commercial educational" (NCE) public radio stations.
Benjamin Hertwig
Benjamin Hertwig is a Canadian poet, whose debut poetry collection Slow War was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language poetry at the 2017 Governor General's Awards. He is based in Edmonton, Alberta and is co-owner of the used bookstore Paper Birch Books.

A former member of the Canadian Armed Forces who served in Afghanistan, he has also published short fiction and non-fiction work in Maisonneuve, Canadian Literature, The Walrus, Ricepaper, Geez, Prairie Fire, Pleiades and The New York Times. He won a National Magazine Award in the Personal Journalism category in 2017 for "The Burn".

In 2024, Hertwig released his first novel, Juiceboxers, which follows four young men sent to war in Afghanistan. The novel was a finalist for the 2025 Amazon.ca First Novel Award.

Geez (magazine)
Geez is an independent quarterly magazine dealing with issues of spirituality, social justice, religion, and progressive cultural politics. The byline of Geez was "holy mischief in an age of fast faith". In 2015 the byline was changed to "contemplative cultural resistance". Geez is based in Detroit and distributes in Canada, the U.S., and abroad.

Geez was founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 2005 by Aiden Enns and Will Braun. Geez looks at religion, spirituality, and politics through the eyes of its readers. Geez is known for its pointed illustrations, graphics and unique combination of satire, critique, social consciousness, and quirkiness. The magazine says it's for "people at the fringes of faith".