hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Publius Enigma
The Publius Enigma is an Internet phenomenon and an unsolved problem that began with cryptic messages posted by a user identifying only as "Publius" to the unmoderated Usenet newsgroup alt.music.pink-floyd through the Penet remailer, a now defunct anonymous information exchange service. The messenger proposed a riddle in connection with the 1994 Pink Floyd album The Division Bell, promising that the answer would lead to a reward. It remains unclear if the enigma involves a genuinely solvable puzzle as part of an early Internet-based contest or was a convoluted hoax.

Penet remailer
The Penet remailer (anon.penet.fi) was a pseudonymous remailer operated by Johan "Julf" Helsingius of Finland from 1993 to 1996. Its initial creation stemmed from an argument in a Finnish newsgroup over whether people should be required to tie their real name to their online communications. Julf believed that people should not—indeed, could not—be required to do so. In his own words:

"Some people from a university network really argued about if everybody should put their proper name on the messages and everybody should be accountable, so you could actually verify that it is the person who is sending the messages. And I kept arguing that the Internet just doesn't work that way, and if somebody actually tries to enforce that, the Internet will always find a solution around it. And just to prove my point, I spent two days or something cooking up the first version of the server, just to prove a point."
Margab Fort
Margab Fort (Arabic: قلعة المرقب, lit. 'the watchtower citadel'), also known as al-Zirin Fort (Arabic: قلعة الظيرين), was a citadel in the eastern outskirts of the walled town of Riyadh in present-day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is not known by whom the structure was built, but its origins trace as far back as the 16th century. The fort functioned as a security checkpoint for travelers passing through the town at the time of Second Saudi State in the 19th century. It was first restored by Turki bin Abdullah and the tradition of Iftar cannon was introduced during the reign of Faisal bin Turki. It was again restored in 1936 by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and finally demolished in the period 1954–1957 during the reign of King Saud bin Abdulaziz when the city underwent expansion. The fort lent its name to the Margab neighborhood in the city's downtown, where it stood.

Security checkpoint
Civilian checkpoints or security checkpoints are distinguishable from border or frontier checkpoints in that they are erected and enforced within contiguous areas under military or paramilitary control. Civilian checkpoints have been employed within conflict-ridden areas all over the world to monitor and control the movement of people and materials in order to prevent violence. They have also been used by police during peacetime to help counter terrorism.
Cara Elizabeth Yar Khan
Cara Elizabeth Yar Khan is a disability advocate, public speaker and United Nations humanitarian.

Yar Khan was born in Hyderabad, India to an Indian father and English mother, and was raised in Canada.

Her interest in humanitarianism began while watching a telethon to raise money for children in Africa, when she was six years old.

National Center for Civil and Human Rights
The National Center for Civil and Human Rights is a museum dedicated to the achievements of  the civil rights movement in the United States and the broader worldwide human rights movement. Located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, the museum opened to the public on June 23, 2014.
West Thames College
West Thames College is a medium-sized college of further and higher education in West London, England. It was formed in 1976, originally named Hounslow Borough College, having gained its current name in 1993. The college has two campuses in the London Borough of Hounslow: a main campus in Isleworth and a smaller Skills Centre in Feltham. As of 2014 there were over 5,200 enrolled students at the college.="auto"/> The college offers a wide range of A Levels and specialist vocational courses up to higher education level: BTECs, NVQs, City & Guilds, Foundation Degrees and HNDs.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Parornix arbitrella
Parornix arbitrella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Pennsylvania and Maine in the United States.

The larvae feed on Vaccinium corymbosum. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Paul Snowdon
Paul F. Snowdon (20 October 1946 – 12 August 2022) was a leading British philosopher well known for his work on personal identity and perception. Snowdon published widely in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and the history of 20th-century philosophy.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Joseph Wright (illustrator)
Joseph Wright (17 July 1947 — 6 October 2017) was an English illustrator and cartoonist best known for his illustration of the children's book series What-a-Mess. His cartoons and illustrations also appeared in a number of newspapers and magazines including The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, Punch, the Radio Times, Time Out, New Society and New Statesman.

Wright was born in Ulverston, Cumbria. He was educated at the Royal College of Art in London.

Ulverston
Ulverston is a market town and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. Historically in Lancashire, it lies a few miles south of the Lake District National Park and just north-west of Morecambe Bay, within the Furness Peninsula. Lancaster is 39 miles (63 km) to the east, Barrow-in-Furness 10 miles (16 km) to the south-west and Kendal 25 miles (40 km) to the north-east. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 11,524, increasing at the 2011 census to 11,678.
Hayden Godfrey
Hayden Godfrey (born 15 December 1978 in Hokitika, New Zealand) is a cycling competitor for New Zealand. He competed at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne where along with Tim Gudsell, Peter Latham and Marc Ryan he won a bronze medal in the Team pursuit.

New Zealand National Time Trial Championships
The New Zealand National Time Trial Championship is a road bicycle race that takes place inside the New Zealand National Cycling Championship, and decides the best cyclist in this type of race. The first edition took place in 1995. The first race winner of the road race championship was Brian Fowler. The record for the most wins in the men's championship is held by Gordon McCauley (3). The current men's champion is Regan Gough. The women's record is held by Melissa Holt and Georgia Williams with 5 wins.
Mike Smiddy
Mike Smiddy was the Illinois state representative for the 71st district. The 71st district includes all or parts of Savanna, Morrison, Sterling, Rock Falls, Port Byron, Hillsdale, Silvis, East Moline, Moline and Coal Valley.

Port Byron, Illinois
Port Byron is a village in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States and part of the Quad Cities Metropolitan Area. The population was 1,668 at the time of the 2020 census; up from 1,647 at the 2010 census.
Thomas Tuck
Thomas Ridout Tuck (1812 – 7 March 1885) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of John Johnson Tuck, he was born in 1812 at Witton, Norfolk. He was educated at Wymondham Grammar School, before going up to Caius College, Cambridge. Tuck was a keen cricketer, making his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against The Bs at Lord's in 1832. He played first-class cricket for the MCC until 1842, making a further eight appearances. In sixteen innings across his nine matches, Tuck scored 77 runs at an average of 5.92, with a highest score of 20. After graduating from Cambridge, Tuck was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in 1848 at Chester Cathedral. He was appointed curate of Redmile in Leicestershire in 1851, before being appointed perpetual curate of St John-the-Baptist at Epping in 1852, an appointment he would hold until his retirement in 1882. Tuck died at Epping in March 1885, aged 72.

Redmile
Redmile is an English village and civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire, about ten miles (16 km) north of Melton Mowbray and seven miles (11 km) west of Grantham. The population of the civil parish, which includes Barkestone-le-Vale and Plungar, was 921 at the 2011 census, up from 829 in 2001.
Paradise Theatre (Toronto)
The Paradise Theatre is a movie theatre located at 1006 Bloor Street West in the Bloorcourt Village neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It first opened in 1937, closed in 2006, and then was to be turned into a pharmacy. However, it was restored and re-opened on December 5, 2019. The renovations included luxury features, such as an attached restaurant, bar, and table service to the premium patrons in the balcony.

Bloorcourt Village
Bloorcourt Village is a Business Improvement Area in Toronto, Ontario, Canada along Bloor Street east of Dufferin Street. It is located on the southern edge of the Dovercourt Park neighbourhood. This is west of downtown, and located within the former City of Toronto.
Dryfoos
Dryfoos is a surname. It is an anglicized variation of the German surnames Dreifuss, Dreyfuss or Dreyfus. Notable people with the surname include:

Joy G. Dryfoos (1925–2012), American sociologist

Nancy Proskauer Dryfoos (1918–1991) American sculptor

Orvil Dryfoos (1912–1963), American newspaper publisher

Orvil Dryfoos
Orvil Eugene Dryfoos (November 8, 1912 – May 25, 1963) was the publisher of The New York Times from 1961 to his death. He entered the Times family via his marriage to Marian Sulzberger, daughter of then-publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger.
Jenny Skavlan
Jenny Ebbing Skavlan (born 3 June 1986) is a Norwegian model, actress, television presenter, and author. She started her career by appearing in a television commercial for Pizza Grandiosa in 2007. She has since appeared in such films as Fatso, Dead Snow, Børning, and Tomme Tønner. In 2008 Skavlan participated as a celebrity dancer on Skal vi danse? on Norway's TV2. In 2012 she wrote a book, Sy om, about her passion for sewing.

Sewing
Sewing is the craft of fastening pieces of textiles together using a sewing needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, originating in the Paleolithic era. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans in Europe and Asia produced garments from fur and leather clothing using bone, antler or ivory sewing-needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.

For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The sewing machine which was invented in the 19th century enabled mechanized stitching, and the mass production of garments expanded in the 20th century. Hand sewing remains common in high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is practiced by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

The first known use of the word "sewing" was in the 14th century.
Coral reefs of Tuvalu
The coral reefs of Tuvalu consist of three reef islands and six atolls, containing approximately 710 km2 (270 sq mi) of reef platforms. The islands of the Tuvalu archipelago are spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. The islands of Tuvalu are volcanic in origin. On the atolls, an annular reef rim surrounds the lagoon, and may include natural reef channels. The reef islands have a different structure to the atolls, and are described as reef platforms as they are smaller tabular reef platforms that do not have a salt-water lagoon, although they may have a completely closed rim of dry land, with the remnants of a lagoon that has no direct connection to the open sea or that may be drying up.

180th meridian
The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system.  The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.
On Earth, the prime and 180th meridians form a great ellipse that divides the planet into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
Maireana suaedifolia
Maireana suaedifolia, commonly known as lax bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to Western Australia and South Australia. It is a weak, spreading, dark bluish green shrub with slender, glaucous branches, fleshy leaves narrowed at the base, bisexual flowers arranged singly and a glabrous perianth with a thin, papery wing with a single radial slit.

Monoicy
Monoicy is a sexual system in haploid plants (mainly bryophytes) where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte, in contrast with dioicy, where each gametophyte produces only sperm or eggs but never both. Both monoicous and dioicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather than meiosis, so that sperm and eggs are genetically identical with their parent gametophyte.

It has been suggested that monoicy may have benefits in dry habitats where the ability to produce sporophytes is limited due to lack of water.: 292

Monoicy is similar to, and often conflated with, monoecy, which applies to seed plants (spermatophytes) and refers to separate male and female cones or flowers on the same plant.
Laurens Railway
The Laurens Railway was a successor to the Laurens Railroad, a shortline carrier that served the South Carolina Upstate region in the 19th century. It was a 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad line

The Laurens Railroad apparently went out of business after the American Civil War. By 1881 it had been reorganized and was operating as the Laurens Railway. It survived under that named until it was bought by the Columbia, Newberry and Laurens Railroad in 1894.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
33rd Daytime Emmy Awards
The 33rd Daytime Emmy Awards, commemorating excellence in American daytime programming from 2005, was held on Friday, April 28, 2006 at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles. This was the first time that the Daytime Emmys were held outside New York. ABC televised the ceremonies in the United States. Creative Arts Emmy Awards were presented on April 22, 2006, while nominations were announced on February 8.

This year's Lifetime Achievement Award went to Caroll Spinney, a television entertainer for over four decades, who has portrayed Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on Sesame Street since 1969, appearing in over 4,000 episodes.

Oscar the Grouch
Oscar the Grouch is a Muppet character created by Jim Henson and Jon Stone for the children's television program Sesame Street. He has a green body, no visible nose, and lives in a trash can. Oscar's favorite thing is trash, as evidenced by the song "I Love Trash", with a running theme being his collection of seemingly useless items.  Although the term "grouch" aptly describes Oscar's misanthropic interaction with the other characters, it also refers to his species. The character was originally performed by Caroll Spinney, from the show's first episode until his retirement. Eric Jacobson became understudy for the character in 2015, and in 2018 officially became the primary performer of the role following Spinney's retirement.
Mark Manders
Mark Manders (born 1968 in Volkel) is a Dutch artist, currently living and working in Ronse, Belgium. His work consists mainly of installations, drawings and sculptures. He is probably best known for his large bronze figures that look like rough-hewn, wet or peeling clay. Typical of his work is also the arrangement of random objects, such as tables, chairs, light bulbs, blankets and dead animals.

Volkel
Volkel (Brabantian: Vollekul) is a village in the Netherlands. It is situated in the north-east corner of the province of North Brabant, south-east of the town of Uden. On 1 January 2021, Volkel had 3,435 inhabitants. It used to be part of the municipality of Uden, before being merged into the municipality of Maashorst in 2022.

Volkel is known for Volkel Air Base of the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) as well as the amusement park BillyBird Park Hemelrijk.

Volkel used to be a little village. In 1455, a chapel was built, but the village did not get a church until 1855. In 1940, a military airport was built near Volkel by the Germans. During Operation Market Garden, the airport was bombed many times. The damage was repaired afterwards, and it first served as an Allied airport and later it became Volkel Air Base.
Álvaro Correia
Álvaro Correia (7 March 1933 – 12 October 2023) was a Brazilian journalist and politician. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, he served in the Legislative Assembly of Santa Catarina from 1975 to 1987.

Correia died in Blumenau on 12 October 2023, at the age of 90.

Legislative Assembly of Santa Catarina
27°36′11″S 48°32′52″W﻿ / ﻿27.60306°S 48.54778°W﻿ / -27.60306; -48.54778

The Legislative Assembly of Santa Catarina (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa de Santa Catarina) is the unicameral legislature of Santa Catarina state in Brazil. It has 40 state deputies elected by proportional representation.

The Assembly was created on August 12, 1834, the first legislature had 20 deputies, until 1881 when it was increased to 22.
Boobs in the Wood
Boobs in the Wood is a 1925 silent black and white short American film starring Harry Langdon, directed by Harry Edwards, and produced by Mack Sennett. It was Sennett's first film written by Arthur Ripley.

The title is a pun on Babes in the Wood. Alternative titles considered before release included Buzz Saw and Buckwheat and The Lumber Ox.

Babes in the Wood
Babes in the Wood is a traditional English children's tale, as well as a popular pantomime subject. It has also been the name of some other unrelated works. The expression has passed into common language, referring to inexperienced innocents entering unawares into any potentially dangerous or hostile situation.
Ken Moyer
Kenneth Wayne Moyer (born 1966) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for five seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Toledo Rockets.

Moyer attended Bedford High School and the University of Toledo, where he got a bachelor's degree in Science and Electrical Engineering. He became the head football coach at Dayton Christian High School in 2014 as well as teaching high school geometry at Bellbrook High School. Moyer coached and taught at Dayton Christian High School from 2014 to 2021, when he decided to become the football coach of Valley View High School in Germantown, Ohio.

Germantown, Ohio
Germantown is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 5,796 at the 2020 census. A part of the Dayton metropolitan area, Germantown was founded by German Americans from Pennsylvania and was once home to a cigar industry.
Cowrock Mountain
Cowrock Mountain is a mountain that is located in Lumpkin and White counties in Georgia, United States.  The mountain forms a north–south ridge.  Its northern peak, Cowrock, has an elevation of 3,852 feet (1,174 m) and its southern peak, Cowrock Flat, has an elevation of 3,502 feet (1,067 m).  The boundary line between Lumpkin and White counties follows the ridge formed by Cowrock Mountain.  The peak called Cowrock is the highest point in Lumpkin County, forms the northeast corner of the county.  The Appalachian Trail also crosses Cowrock Mountain.  The mountain is located within the Raven Cliffs Wilderness in the Chattahoochee National Forest.

Lumpkin County, Georgia
Lumpkin County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,488. Its county seat is Dahlonega. Lumpkin County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.
Loveworm
Loveworm is the third extended play by Filipino-English singer-songwriter Beabadoobee. The EP, recorded and produced by Pete Robertson (formerly of The Vaccines) and Joseph Rodgers, was released on 26 April 2019 through independent record label Dirty Hit. It marks a departure from the folk-influenced, lo-fi sound of her previous two EPs, Lice (2018) and Patched Up (2018), incorporating a wider variety of instrumentation and exploring a range of genres. The EP was not preceded by any singles, but was released alongside a one night headliner at Oslo in East London.

The Moldy Peaches
The Moldy Peaches are an American indie group founded by Adam Green and Kimya Dawson. Leading proponents of the anti-folk scene, the band had been on hiatus since 2004, but in 2023 announced on Twitter that they would be reuniting. The appearance of their song "Anyone Else but You" in the film Juno significantly raised their profile; Dawson and Green made a handful of reunion appearances together in December 2007.
SS Ophir
SS Ophir was a Dutch steamship that was built in 1904. She carried passengers, cargo and mail between Rotterdam and the Dutch East Indies until March 1918, when the United States seized her under angary and she became USS Ophir (ID-2800). In November 1918 a fire and explosion damaged her beyond economic repair. She was scrapped in 1922.

Marconi Company
The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 which was a pioneer of wireless long distance communication and mass media broadcasting, eventually becoming one of the UK's most successful manufacturing companies.

Its roots were in the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, which underwent several changes in name after mergers and acquisitions. In 1999, its defence equipment manufacturing division, Marconi Electronic Systems, merged with British Aerospace (BAe) to form BAE Systems. In 2006, financial difficulties led to the collapse of the remaining company, with the bulk of the business acquired by the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson.