hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
6th Battalion (Australia)
The 6th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally formed in 1914 for service during the First World War, the battalion fought at Gallipoli and on the Western Front. The battalion was disbanded in 1919 but was re-raised in 1921 as part of the Citizens Force, and adopted the title of "Royal Melbourne Regiment" in 1935. The battalion did not serve overseas during the Second World War and was eventually disbanded in 1944. It was re-raised in 1948 and remained in existence until 1960 when it was absorbed into the Royal Victoria Regiment. Today its honours and traditions are maintained by the 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.

Battle of the Lys (1918)
The Battle of the Lys, also known as the Fourth Battle of Ypres, was fought from 7 to 29 April 1918 and was part of the German spring offensive in Flanders during the First World War. It was originally planned by General Erich Ludendorff as Operation George but was reduced to Operation Georgette, with the objective of capturing Ypres, forcing the British forces back to the Channel ports and out of the war. In planning, execution and effects, Georgette was similar to (although smaller than) Operation Michael, earlier in the Spring Offensive.
Ming Freeman
Ming Freeman (born 24 October 1963 in Taiwan) is a Taiwanese-Canadian multi-keyboardist and pianist, musical director, composer and producer who has toured or recorded with artists such as Joni Mitchell, Yanni, Ronnie Laws, Chuck Negron, Jeffrey Osborne, Paula Abdul, Sheena Easton, Gladys Knight, Jean Carne and Michael Henderson.  Freeman is a featured keyboard soloist in many of Yanni's DVDs such as Tribute filmed in India and China,  Yanni Live at Royal Albert Hall in London,  Yanni Live! The Concert Event, and Yanni Voices. Freeman has been noted to handle the more advanced keyboard work during Yanni's shows.

Ronnie Laws
Ronald Wayne Laws (born October 3, 1950) is an American jazz and smooth jazz saxophonist, and singer. He is the younger brother of jazz flutist Hubert Laws and jazz vocalist Eloise Laws, and the older brother of Debra Laws.
25th Arizona State Legislature
The 25th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 1962, during the second of three terms of Paul Fannin's time as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators remained constant at two per county, totaling 28, and the members of the house of representatives also held steady at 80. The Republicans picked up three seats in the upper house, but the Democrats still had a 24–4 edge.   In the House the Republicans picked up two seats, leaving the Democrats with a 52–28 edge.

Paul Fannin
Paul Jones Fannin (January 29, 1907 – January 13, 2002) was an American businessman and politician. A Republican, he served as a U.S. senator from Arizona from 1965 to 1977. He previously served as the 11th governor of Arizona from 1959 to 1965.
Karuna Cheyvan Enthu
Karuna Cheyvan Enthu is a Malayalam keertanam composed by Irayimman Thampi on Guruvayurappan. It is set to Sri Ragam and Aadi Taalam. It was a favorite keertanam of Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, indispensable in all his concerts as well as the last keertanam he sang before his death on 16 October 1974. Though originally set to Sri ragam, Chembai popularised the composition by singing it in Yadukula Kambhoji.

Adi tala
Adi tala (Sanskrit: ādi tāḷa, Kannada: ಆದಿ ತಾಳ, lit. 'primary rhythm'; also spelled aadi taalam or adi talam) is the name of one of the most popular tala or rhythms used in Carnatic Music. Its full technical name according to the Carnatic Music's tala system is Chaturashra-naDe Chaturashra-jaati triputa taLa.
Mike Waugh
Michael L. Waugh (December 17, 1955 – October 8, 2014) was an American politician who served a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 28th District from 1998 until 2014. Prior to this, Waugh was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1993 through 1998.

Waugh resigned from the State Senate on January 13, 2014, following a cancer diagnosis. He accepted an appointment by Governor Corbett as executive director of the Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex & Expo Center, but died due to the disease on October 8, 2014.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Handball at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
The handball tournaments at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya occurred between 7 August and 14 August 2021. The handball competition took place at Selçuklu Municipality International Sports Hall in Konya. 4 teams in 2 groups played in a single round-robin system with a one-day interval between each other, and the group competitions were completed in the first 6 days. On Day 7, semi-finals are played an on day 8, the third place and final competitions were played. Group winners and runners-up were cross-matched in the quarter-finals A1-B2 and A2-B1, Winners compete for Gold, and losers for Bronze Medals.

The Games were originally scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021 in Konya, Turkey. In May 2020, the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF), who are responsible for the direction and control of the Islamic Solidarity Games, postponed the games as the 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to July and August 2021, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Islamic Solidarity Sports Association
The Islamic Solidarity Sports Association (ISSA; Arabic: الاتحاد الرياضي للتضامن الاسلامي) is the supreme authority governing the Islamic Solidarity Games. It is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Its mission is to increase the cooperation between its member countries through sports. Currently, HRH Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Saud from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is ISSA President since 8 April 2019.

The Islamic Solidarity Sports Association (ISSA) was previously called the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF).
World Nuclear Transport Institute
The World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) is an international organisation that represents the collective interests of the nuclear power and packaging industries, and those who rely on it for the safe, efficient, and reliable transport of radioactive materials. Through the WNTI, companies are working together to promote a sound international framework for the future by helping to build international consensus through co-operation  and understanding. The Institute was founded in 1998. The WNTI is a private, non-profit organisation funded by membership subscriptions. Member companies are drawn from a wide range of industry sectors including major utilities, fuel producers and fabricators, transport companies, package designers, package producers and mines. Headquartered in London, the WNTI Secretariat has a small staff of qualified professionals working closely with members and other international bodies involved in the transport of radioactive materials.

Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad acceptance. Consensus is reached when everyone in the group assents to a decision (or supermajority; see stand aside) even if some do not fully agree to or support all aspects of it. Consensus decision-making in a democracy is consensus democracy.

Consensus differs from unanimity, which requires all participants to support a decision.
Failure cause
Failure causes are defects in design, process, quality, or part application, which are the underlying cause of a failure or which initiate a process which leads to failure. Where failure depends on the user of the product or process, then human error must be considered.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Susumanioidea
Susumanioidea is an extinct superfamily of Phasmatodea, known from the Middle Jurassic to Eocene. They lie outside the modern crown group of Phasmatodea. Members of the group typically possess large, fully developed wings.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
2022–23 UEFA Champions League group stage
The 2022–23 UEFA Champions League group stage began on 6 September 2022 and ended on 2 November 2022. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League.

Eintracht Frankfurt made their debut appearance in the group stage, which was their first appearance in the European Cup since their loss in the 1960 final, after winning the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League. This was thus the first time that five German clubs played in the group stage.

A total of 15 national associations were represented in the group stage. This season was the first since the 1995–96 season in which a Turkish side failed to qualify for the group stage. It was also the first time since the 2007–08 season that two Scottish sides qualified for the group stage.

This year's Champions league featured both the eventual Champions league winners; Manchester City and Europa League winners, Sevilla in the same group (Group G)

1995–96 UEFA Champions League
The 1995–96 UEFA Champions League was the 41st season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, and the fourth since its rebranding as the UEFA Champions League. The tournament was won by Juventus, who beat defending champions Ajax on penalties in the final for their first European Cup since 1985, and their second overall. It was the only Champions League title that Juventus won in the 1990s, despite reaching the next two finals, and one of only three Italian wins in the final, despite there being a Serie A club in every final for seven consecutive years from 1992 to 1998.

It was the first tournament in which three points were awarded for a win instead of two. This was also the first time that players' names appeared on the back of shirts.
Maryke Hendrikse
Marÿke Hendrikse (/məˈreɪkə ˈhɛndrɪks/ mə-RAY-kə HEN-driks; born February 23, 1979) is a Canadian voice actress. She has played several roles in anime, most notably Revy in Black Lagoon and Lunamaria Hawke in Gundam Seed Destiny. She is also known for her roles as Susan Test in Johnny Test, Gilda in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Sonata Dusk in My Little Pony: Equestria Girls and Yasmin in the Bratz franchise.

Revy (Black Lagoon)
Revy (Japanese: レヴィ, Hepburn: Revi), also known by her real name Rebecca Lee, is a character from Rei Hiroe's manga Black Lagoon. She serves as the primary combatant for the Lagoon Company. Born in Chinatown, Manhattan, near Mott Street, she is a Chinese American with a criminal past. Flashbacks suggest she developed her firearms proficiency through informal practice, including shooting at cans, and may have killed her abusive father as a teenager. The CIA notes she remains infamous with the NYPD, particularly the fictional 27th Precinct.
UQCR10
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (7.2 kD), also known as UCRC or UQCR10, is a human gene.

Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes: UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome c1, UQCRFS1 (Rieske protein), UQCRB, UQCRQ ("11kDa protein"), UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske Protein presequence, UCRC("cyt. c1 associated protein"), and UQCR ("Rieske-associated protein").

Rieske protein
Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer in some biological systems. John S. Rieske and co-workers first discovered the protein and in 1964 isolated an acetylated form of the bovine mitochondrial protein. In 1979, Trumpower's team isolated the "oxidation factor" from bovine mitochondria and showed it was a reconstitutively-active form of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
It is a unique [2Fe-2S] cluster in that one of the two Fe atoms is coordinated by two histidine residues rather than two cysteine residues.  They have since been found in plants, animals, and bacteria with widely ranging electron reduction potentials from -150 to +400 mV.
John M. Goodell
John Moseley Goodell (August 3, 1823, New York state – c. 1877) was an early and prominent citizen of DeKalb, Illinois. A merchant by trade Goodell is generally referred to as one of the earliest settlers of the city of DeKalb. Goodell's home, known as the Goodell House was erected in either 1849 or 1853. The house still stands today.

DeKalb, Illinois
DeKalb (/dɪˈkælb/ dih-KALB) is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 40,290 at the 2020 census. The city is named after decorated Franconian-French war hero Johann de Kalb, who died during the American Revolutionary War.

Founded in 1856, DeKalb became important in the development and manufacture of barbed wire, especially for agriculture and raising livestock. While agricultural-related industries remain a facet of the city, along with health and services, the city's largest employer in the 21st century is Northern Illinois University, founded in 1895. DeKalb is about 65 miles (105 km) from downtown Chicago.
Joseph W. Eschbach
Joseph Wetherill Eschbach (January 21, 1933 – September 7, 2007) was an American doctor and kidney specialist whose twenty years of research starting in the 1960s led to an improvement in the treatment of anemia.

Dr. Eschbach graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1959. Eschbach was married to MaryAnn Eschbach for 51 years, they had 3 children; 5 grandchildren.

Thomas Jefferson University
Thomas Jefferson University is a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017. The university is named for U.S. Founding Father and president Thomas Jefferson. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

To signify its heritage, the university sometimes carries the nomenclature Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) in its branding.
Lindgren oxidation
Lindgren oxidation  is a selective method for oxidizing aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The reaction is named after Bengt O. Lindgren.

The oxidation takes place in water containing solvent mixtures under slightly acidic conditions (pH 3–5) with sodium chlorite as oxidizer. To avoid complicated oxidation reactions the hypochlorite, which is formed in the reaction, has to be removed from the reaction mixture by scavengers. In the original publication, sulfamic acid and resorcinol were used. George A. Kraus and co-workers were the first to use 2-methyl-2-butene as scavenger under buffered conditions for the oxidation of an aliphatic and an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. Later hydrogen peroxide also proved to work to remove the hypochlorite.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
We're in the Navy Now
We're in the Navy Now is a 1926 American silent comedy film directed by A. Edward Sutherland and starring Wallace Beery and Raymond Hatton. An abridged version of the film survives.

Beery and Hatton previously appeared as a comedy team in Sutherland's Behind the Front and are reunited here. The "Beery and Hatton" part-time comedy team made four films together, including Fireman, Save My Child and Now We're in the Air with Louise Brooks.

Wallace Beery
Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 – April 15, 1949) was an American film and stage actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in Min and Bill (1930) opposite Marie Dressler, as General Director Preysing in Grand Hotel (1932), as the pirate Long John Silver in Treasure Island (1934), as Pancho Villa in Viva Villa! (1934) for which he won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor, and his title role in The Champ (1931), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Beery appeared in some 250 films during a 36-year career. His contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he would be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio. This made Beery the highest-paid film actor in the world during the early 1930s. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr.

For his contributions to the film industry, Beery was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
The Greenlanders
The Greenlanders is a 1988 historical-fiction epic novel by American author Jane Smiley.

The novel gives a speculative account of the Norse inhabitation of Greenland in the 14th and 15th centuries, written in the style of an Icelandic or Norse saga.

Saga
Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia.

The most famous saga-genre is the sagas of Icelanders, which feature Viking voyages, migration to Iceland, and feuds between Icelandic families. However, sagas' subject matter is diverse, including pre-Christian Scandinavian legends; saints and bishops both from Scandinavia and elsewhere; Scandinavian kings and contemporary Icelandic politics; and chivalric romances either translated from Continental European languages or composed locally.

Sagas originated in the Middle Ages, but continued to be composed in the ensuing centuries. Whereas the dominant language of history-writing in medieval Europe was Latin, sagas were composed in the vernacular: Old Norse and its later descendants, primarily Icelandic.

While sagas are written in prose, they share some similarities with epic poetry, and often include stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text.
Oakdale Park
Oakdale Park was a former baseball park located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was bounded by Huntingdon Street (north), 11th Street (east), Cumberland Street (south), and 12th Street (west) in the city's West Kensington neighborhood. The Athletic Base Ball Club played their 1882 Eastern Championship Association season and then its 1883 American Association season at the park.

Eastern Championship Association
The Eastern Championship Association was an independent minor baseball league that played in the 1881 season, as an early minor league. The league franchises were based in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington D.C. Teams were permitted to play non-league games. The New York Metropolitans won the league championship.
V with hook
The letter V with hook (Majuscule: Ʋ, minuscule: ʋ) is a Latin script character based on an italic form of V, although it more closely resembles U. It is used in the orthographies of some African languages such as Ewe, and Shona from 1931 to 1955 to write [β], like the pronunciation of ⟨v⟩ in "van" using both lips. In Mossi (Mooré) it is used to write [ʊ], like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "foot". In Kabiye and Ikposso it is used to write [u] (with retracted tongue root), like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "food". It is also used in the North American language Choctaw to write [ə], a schwa, like the pronunciation of ⟨a⟩ in "again".

Its lowercase form, [ʋ], is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a labiodental approximant.

Its Unicode code points are U+01B2 ("Latin capital letter V with hook") and U+028B ("Latin small letter V with hook"), respectively.

U
U, or u, is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is u (pronounced /ˈjuː/ ⓘ), plural ues.
Wittlich-Land
Wittlich-Land is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Bernkastel-Wittlich, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located around the town Wittlich, which is the seat of Wittlich-Land, but not part of the Verbandsgemeinde.  On 1 July 2014 it was expanded with the municipalities of the former Verbandsgemeinde Manderscheid.

Wittlich-Land consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°59′13″N 6°53′23″E﻿ / ﻿49.98694°N 6.88972°E﻿ / 49.98694; 6.88972

Bernkastel-Wittlich
Bernkastel-Wittlich (German: Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Vulkaneifel, Cochem-Zell, Rhein-Hunsrück, Birkenfeld, Trier-Saarburg and Bitburg-Prüm.