hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shiki, Saitama
Shiki (志木市, Shiki-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 76,445 in 35,407 households and a population density of 8400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 9.05 square kilometres (3.49 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Gjoko Zajkov
Gjoko Zajkov (Macedonian: Ѓоко Зајков; born 10 February 1995) is a Macedonian professional footballer who plays as a centre back for UAE Pro League club Ajman and for the North Macedonia national team.

Ajman Club
Ajman Sports Club (Arabic: نادي عجمان), commonly known as Ajman Club, is an Emirati professional football club based in Ajman. In 2015, Ajman was relegated to the second division, but managed to climb back to the top flight in 2017.
Charles Ho
Charles Ho Tsu-kwok, GBM (Chinese: 何柱國; 23 June 1949 – 12 June 2025) was a Hong Kong businessman who was the chairman of the Sing Tao News Corporation Limited between 2001 and 2021 and an independent non-executive director of Shun Tak Holdings. As a member of the pro-Beijing camp, Ho maintained good relations with the Chinese government, and was appointed a National Committee Member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference representing Fujian, serving in that post since 1998. Ho was awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal, the highest award under the Hong Kong honours and awards system by Chief Executive CY Leung on 1 July 2014, although the decision to award Ho with such an award sparked controversy in the Hong Kong media.

Shun Tak Holdings
Shun Tak Holdings Limited (Chinese: 信德集團有限公司) is a Hong Kong–Macau company founded in 1972. It has been one of the constituents of the Hang Seng Hong Kong MidCap Index since 11 September 2006. The company is active in shipping, property, hospitality, and investments businesses. Its shipping division, operating under the name of TurboJET, operates hydrofoil and high-speed ferry services between Hong Kong and Macau as a joint venture with China Travel International Investment Hong Kong.

The company's founder and executive chairman is Stanley Ho. His daughter Pansy Ho serves as managing director with two of his other daughters, Daisy Ho Chiu-fung and Maisy Ho Chiu-ha, as executive directors along with David Shum.
Albert Jay Nock
Albert Jay Nock (October 13, 1870 – August 19, 1945) was an American libertarian author, editor first of The Nation and then The Freeman, educational theorist, Georgist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century. He was an outspoken opponent of the New Deal, and served as a fundamental inspiration for the modern libertarian and conservative movements, cited as an influence by William F. Buckley Jr. He was one of the first Americans to self-identify as "libertarian". His best-known books are Memoirs of a Superfluous Man and  Our Enemy, the State.

Mises Institute
The Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a nonprofit educational, research, and publishing institution headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, that is a center for Austrian economic thought, right-wing libertarian thought, and the paleolibertarian and anarcho-capitalist movements in the United States. It is named after the economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973) and promotes the Misesian version of heterodox Austrian economics.

The Mises Institute was founded in 1982 by Lew Rockwell, chief of staff to Texas Republican Congressman Ron Paul. Early supporters of the institute included economist F. A. Hayek, writer Henry Hazlitt, economist Murray Rothbard, Ron Paul, and libertarian coin dealer Burt Blumert.
Tituš Brezovački
Tituš Brezovački (January 4, 1757 – October 29, 1805) was a Croatian playwright, satirist and poet.

Brezovački, as the great comedian of the period, wrote all of his dramatic works in Kajkavian dialect. His poems were chiefly written in German and Latin, but few of them have also been preserved in Ijekavian Štokavian, as if predicting the path of Croatian national revival.

Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement (Croatian: Ilirski pokret; Slovene: Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of the 19th century, around the years of 1835 to 1863. This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment in Austria-Hungary through linguistic and ethnic unity, and through it lay the foundation for cultural and linguistic unification of all South Slavs under the revived umbrella term Illyrian.

Aspects of the movement pertaining to the development of Croatian culture are considered in Croatian historiography to be part of the Croatian national revival (Croatian: Hrvatski narodni preporod).
1984 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1984 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 84th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

Tallow won the championship after a 2–12 to 2–01 defeat of Portlaw in the final. This was their third championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Tallow GAA
Tallow GAA (Irish: CLG Tulach an Iarainn) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Tallow, in west County Waterford, Ireland. The club has won the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship four times, first in 1936 and again in 1980, 1984 and 1985.  As of 2010, Tallow had four players on the Waterford county panel: James Murray, Aidan Kearney, Mark O' Brien and Thomas Ryan.

Tallow GAA's ground, Páirc Eamonn de Paor, is named after the former Waterford hurler and coach Ned Power who taught in the local school through the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Power played for and coached a number of Tallow teams in both hurling and football. He died in November 2007.
Lorenzo Romano
Lorenzo Romano (born in Bagno a Ripoli on 31 March 1989) is a retired Italian rugby union player. His usual position was Prop.

A former judoka, he won a silver medal at the 2005 European Cadet Judo Championships.

In the 2014–15 Pro12 season, he played for Zebre.

From 2011 to 2014, Romano was named in the Emerging Italy squad and he represented Italy on 2 occasions in 2012.

In 2009, he was also named in the Italy Under 20 squad.

Italy national under-20 rugby union team
The Italy national under-20 rugby union team has competed in both the IRB Junior World Championship and IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy. They were one of four teams relegated in 2009 to the Junior World Trophy after finishing at the bottom of the tournament. They were again promoted to the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship after winning the 2010 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy.

Italy finished in last place at the 2012 IRB Junior World Championship and had again been relegated to the Junior World Trophy for 2013. Then they won the 2013 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy so Italy participated in the 2014 IRB Junior World Championship that was played in New Zealand.

Since 2008, its first edition, they participate in the Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
Robert Loiselle
Robert Loiselle is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election. He represents the district of St. Boniface as a member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party.

Prior to being elected, Loiselle was a teacher. He grew up in North Saint-Boniface. He is Métis and Francophone.

New Democratic Party of Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (Manitoba NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Manitoba), branded as Manitoba's NDP, is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party, and is a successor to the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. It is currently the governing party in Manitoba.
San Marcos Foothills Preserve
The San Marcos Foothills Preserve is a 301–acre open space located between Santa Barbara and Goleta, California and owned by the County of Santa Barbara Parks Division. The preserve provides  views of the nearby Santa Ynez Mountains, the Pacific Ocean, and the Channel Islands. The preserve provides feeding grounds for many dozens of birds, including American kestrels, kites, hawks, roadrunners, and for other animals including bobcats and coyotes. The preserve is open for low-impact recreation to the public, which includes hiking/running on trails, and bird watching. The preserve is considered a bird watching “hotspot” by the birding community Since it is a nature preserve, high-impact uses such as bicycling, horseback riding and off-leash dogs are not allowed.

Goleta, California
Goleta (/ɡəˈliːtə/ gə-LEE-tə; Spanish: [ɡoˈleta]; Spanish for "schooner") is a city in southern Santa Barbara County, California, United States. It was incorporated as a city in 2002, after a long period as the largest unincorporated populated area in the county. As of the 2000 census, the census-designated place (CDP) had a total population of 55,204. A significant portion of the census territory of 2000 was not included in the city. The population of Goleta was 32,690 at the 2020 census. It is known for being close to the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Rapp Brush
Isaac Rapp Brush (November 7, 1889 – March 6, 1958) was a decorated officer in United States Army with the rank of Major General. Brush commanded the 40th Infantry Division from 1942 to 1945 during its World War II involvement in the United States armed forces' liberation of the Philippines.

Sixth Army (United States)
Sixth Army is a theater army of the United States Army. The Army service component command of United States Southern Command, its area of responsibility includes 31 countries and 15 areas of special sovereignty in Central and South America and the Caribbean.  It is headquartered at Fort Sam Houston.

The Sixth Army saw extensive service in the South Pacific during World War II, including in New Britain, New Guinea, and the Philippines.  Postwar it served stateside training army forces until its inactivation during force reduction in 1995.  The army was reactivated in 2007.
Al-Tawahin
Al-Tawahin (Arabic: الطواحين, also spelled Tawaheen) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Tartus Governorate, located east of Baniyas, northeast of al-Qadmus and northwest of Masyaf. It is situated in the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Tawahin had a population of 2,238 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the Tawahin Subdistrict which contained nine localities with a collective population of 10,024 in 2004. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Tartus Governorate
Tartus Governorate, officially Tartous Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة طرطوس Muḥāfaẓat Ṭarṭūs), is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western Syria, bordering Latakia Governorate to the north, Homs and Hama Governorates to the east, Lebanon to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. It is one of the few governorates in Syria that has an Alawite majority. Sources list the area as 1,890 km2 or 1,892 km2, with its capital being Tartus.
Ted Karras Sr.
Theodore George Karras Sr. (January 31, 1934 – January 26, 2016) was a National Football League (NFL) player.  He played for nine seasons with four teams, winning a championship with the Chicago Bears in 1963 as a guard.  Karras played college football for Indiana University. His son, Ted Karras Jr., played college football for Northwestern University and in the NFL for the Washington Redskins in 1987 and is currently the head football coach at Marian University. His brothers, Lou Karras and Alex Karras, also played in the NFL. His grandson, Ted Karras III, played college football at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, played for the New England Patriots winning two Super Bowls and now plays for the Cincinnati Bengals.

Marian University (Indiana)
Marian University is a private Roman Catholic university in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1851 by the Sisters of St. Francis in Oldenburg, Indiana, the college moved to Indianapolis in 1937. Marian was known as Marian College from 1936 until 2009. As of 2017, enrollment included 2,431 undergraduate students, 1,164 graduate students, and 650 doctoral students. Marian University athletes have won national championships in several sports.
À la Mort Subite
À la Mort Subite (French, pronounced [a la mɔɾ sybitə], lit. 'At the Sudden Death') is a historic café located at Rue Montagne-aux-Herbes Potagères/Warmoesberg 5–7 in Brussels, Belgium. It is noted for its early 20th-century interior and for serving Mort Subite beers, now produced by the Heineken subsidiary Alken-Maes. The café was designated a protected heritage site in 1998. It has also appeared in popular culture, including scenes of the film The Danish Girl.

Balcony
A balcony (from Italian: balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. They are commonly found on multi-level houses, apartments, and cruise ships.
Billy Peterson
Billy Peterson (born Willard Peterson in Minnesota) is an American bass player, songwriter, composer, session musician and producer. Peterson, who grew up in a family of professional musicians, became involved with music at a very young age. Billy is the brother of Paul Peterson (bass guitarist/singer/songwriter/keyboardist) and Ricky Peterson (keyboardist/singer/song writer/producer).

Larry Long (singer-songwriter)
Larry Long (born 1951 in Des Moines, Iowa) is an American singer-songwriter. Author Studs Terkel called him "a true American Troubadour." Long has dedicated his career to celebrating everyday heroes through music, writing songs that highlight the lives of community builders and history makers. His work spans rural Alabama, Lakota communities, and struggling Midwest farmers.
Transferoviar Grup
Transferoviar Grup (TFG)  is a private railway company in Romania, founded in 2003. Initially the company only operated freight trains but in 2010 it also started passenger services.

Besides freight hauling, it is the administrator of a few leased secondary lines, of which most are operated with passenger trains by its wholly owned subsidiary:

Bucharest-Oltenița

Buzău-Nehoiaşu

Galați-Târgu Bujor-Bârlad

Buda–Slănic

Costești – Roșiori

Nehoiu
Nehoiu (Romanian pronunciation: [neˈhoju]) is a town in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 9,464 as of 2021. Wood processing is the local main economic activity. The town has a lumbermill since the early 20th century. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.

The town administers nine villages: Bâsca Rozilei, Chirlești, Curmătura, Lunca Priporului, Mlăjet, Nehoiașu, Păltineni, Stănila, and Vinețișu.

Nehoiu is located in the northwestern part of the county, 72 km (45 mi) from the county seat, Buzău. It lies in a hilly area at the foot of the Curvature Carpathians, on the banks of the Buzău River.

The town is traversed by national road DN10, which crosses the Carpathians, joining Buzău to Brașov. The train station in Nehoiașu is the terminus for the CFR Line 504, which starts in Buzău.
The High Road (play)
The High Road is a comedy play by the British writer Frederick Lonsdale which was first staged in 1927. It opened in the  West End at the Shaftesbury Theatre, and ran for 234 performances. The following year, it opened on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre, where ran for 144 performances,  with Alfred Drayton and Frederick Kerr from the London cast.

In 1930 it was adapted into the American film The Lady of Scandal directed by Sidney Franklin and starring Ruth Chatterton and Basil Rathbone.

Sidney Franklin (director)
Sidney Arnold Franklin (March 21, 1893 – May 18, 1972) was an American film director and producer. Franklin, like William C. deMille, specialized in adapting literary works or Broadway stage plays.

His brother Chester Franklin (1889–1954) also became a director during the silent film era, best known for directing the early Technicolor film The Toll of the Sea.

Franklin's work on radio included directing The Screen Guild Show in 1939.
Euroexport
Euroexport was a Brazilian professional women's football and futsal club based in Salvador in Bahia. Founded by Dilma Mendes in 1993, the club competed at state and national level in both sports.

The Euroexport company who named and sponsored the team paid players in United States dollars and also ran a team of the same name in São Paulo. In 1994 the Bahia Euroexport won the Taça Brasil de Futsal Feminino (pt), with São Paulo Euroexport as runners-up. Also in 1994 Euroexport (Bahia) were runners-up to Vasco da Gama in the 11-a-side Campeonato Brasileiro.

Euroexport provided seven players to Brazil's squad for the 1995 South American Women's Football Championship in Uberlândia.

1995 South American Women's Football Championship
The 1995 South American Women's Football Championship (Campeonato Sudamericano de Fútbol Femenino 1995) was held in Uberlândia, Brazil between 8 and 22 January. It was the second staging of the South American Women's Football Championship and determined the CONMEBOL's single qualifier for the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup. Only five national teams took part in the tournament.

Brazil won the tournament, after beating Argentina 2–0 in the final.
Tennis at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Women's singles
The women's singles tennis event at the 2019 Summer Universiade was held from 5 to 13 July at the Circolo Tennis and Lungomare in Naples, Italy.

Japan's Naho Sato won the gold medal, defeating Great Britain's Emily Arbuthnott in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Hong Kong's Eudice Chong and Thailand's Chompoothip Jundakate won the bronze medals.

Emily Arbuthnott
Emily Frances Alice Arbuthnott (born 3 October 1997) is a British former professional tennis player.

Arbuthnott has been ranked as high as world No. 551 in singles and No. 319 in doubles by the WTA.

At the 2017 Summer Universiade held in Taipei, Taiwan, she won the bronze medal in women's doubles, along with Olivia Nicholls.

At the 2019 Summer Universiade held in Naples, Italy, she won the silver medal in women's singles.

She plays for the Stanford University tennis team. Born in Kingston upon Thames, England, Emily's parents are James and Sally, she has two brothers, Bertie and Freddie, and her aunt Joanna Copley played lacrosse for England.
Speech codes theory
Speech codes theory refers to a framework for communication in a given speech community.  As an academic discipline, it explores the manner in which groups communicate based on societal, cultural, gender, occupational or other factors.

A speech code can also be defined as "a historically enacted socially constructed system of terms, meanings, premises, and rules, pertaining to communicative conduct." "This theory seeks to answer questions about the existence of speech codes, their substance, the way they can be discovered, and their force upon people within a culture" (Griffin, 2005). This theory deals with only one type of human behavior, which is speech acts.

A basic definition of speech code by sociologist Basil Bernstein is, "...a coding principle is a rule governing what to say and how to say it in a particular context".

Dell Hymes
Dell Hathaway Hymes (June 7, 1927, in Portland, Oregon – November 13, 2009, in Charlottesville, Virginia) was a linguist, sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist who established disciplinary foundations for the comparative, ethnographic study of language use. His research focused upon the languages of the Pacific Northwest. He was one of the first to call the fourth subfield of anthropology "linguistic anthropology" instead of "anthropological linguistics". The terminological shift draws attention to the field's grounding in anthropology rather than in what, by that time, had already become an autonomous discipline (linguistics). In 1972 Hymes founded the journal Language in Society and served as its editor for 22 years.
Margarita Maslennikova
Margarita Maslennikova (2 November 1928 – 5 March 2021) was a Soviet cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. She was born in Leningrad. She won a gold medal in the 3 × 5 km relay at the 1954 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun and finished fourth in the 10 km event at those same championships. She died in Saint Petersburg, aged 92.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1954
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1954 took place 13–21 February 1954 in Falun, Sweden. These were the first races where women competed with events in the 10 km and 3 × 5 km relay. It also saw the 18 km reduced to 15 km in men's cross-country along with the return of the 30 km which was last held in 1926. The Nordic combined saw the ski jump held first with the cross-country distance reduced to 15 km as well. The Soviet Union also debuted in these championships as well.
Prehistoric Armenia
Prehistoric Armenia refers to the history of the region that would eventually be known as Armenia, covering the period of the earliest known human presence in the Armenian Highlands from the Lower Paleolithic more than 1 million years ago until the Iron Age and the emergence of Urartu in the 9th century BC, the end of which in the 6th century BC marks the beginning of Ancient Armenia.

Hayasa-Azzi
Hayasa-Azzi or Azzi-Hayasa (Hittite: URUḪaiaša-, Armenian: Հայասա) was a Late Bronze Age confederation in the Armenian Highlands and/or Pontic region of Asia Minor. The Hayasa-Azzi confederation was in conflict with the Hittite Empire in the 14th century BCE, leading up to the collapse of Hatti around 1190 BCE. It has long been thought that Hayasa-Azzi may have played a significant role in the ethnogenesis of Armenians.
Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' parallel bars
The Junior World Championships in artistic gymnastics were first held in 2019.  Originally meant to be held every two years, the second edition of the event was not held until 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers were used in the first year of the event but were not used subsequently.

Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships
The FIG Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships, or FIG World Junior Artistic Gymnastics Championships, is an artistic gymnastics competition organized by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG).
Cedar Lake (McLeod and Meeker counties, Minnesota)
Cedar Lake is a lake in McLeod and Meeker counties, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

Cedar Lake was named for the red cedar trees near the lake.
Although Cedar Lake is a large lake (1,860 acres) it is also quite shallow lake reaching only 8 feet (2.4 m) deep. The bottom of the lake consists of silt and detritus and has abundant curly-leaf pondweed in the spring months before it dies back in July. The lake has a history of winterkill and there is fish migration from nearby Belle Lake. The lake has abundant common carp and black bullheads as well as moderate numbers of northern pike and black crappie.

McLeod County, Minnesota
McLeod County (/məkˈlaʊd/ mək-LOWD) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,771. Its county seat is Glencoe.

McLeod County comprises the Hutchinson, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.