hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd v Apotex Inc
Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd. v. Apotex Inc., [1992] 3 SCR 120, is a Supreme Court of Canada judgment on trademark law and more specifically the issue of passing off. Ciba-Geigy brought an action against Apotex and Novopharm, alleging that their versions of the prescription drug metoprolol were causing confusion to the public due to their similar appearance to Ciba-Geigy's version of the drug Lopresor. On appeal to the SCC, the issue was whether a plaintiff is required to establish that the public affected by the risk of confusion includes not only health care professionals but also the patients who consume the drugs in a passing off action involving prescription drugs of a similar appearance. The Supreme Court held affirmatively on this question.

Passing off
Passing off is a common law tort which can be used to enforce unregistered trade mark rights. The tort of passing off protects the goodwill of a trader from misrepresentation.

The law of passing off prevents one trader from misrepresenting goods or services as being the goods and services of another, and also prevents a trader from holding out their goods or services as having some association or connection with another when this is not true.
2025 Tercera Federación play-offs
The 2025 Tercera Federación play-offs to Segunda Federación from Tercera Federación (promotion play-offs) are the final play-offs for the promotion from 2024–25 Tercera Federación to 2025–26 Segunda Federación.

2025–26 Segunda Federación
The 2025–26 Segunda Federación season is the fifth for the Segunda Federación, the fourth highest level in the Spanish football league system. Ninety teams participate, divided into five groups of eighteen clubs each based on geographical proximity. In each group, the champions are automatically promoted to Primera Federación, and the second to fifth placers will play promotion play-offs. The last five teams in each group are relegated to the Tercera Federación; in addition, the four worst teams classified 13th in their group play play-offs to define the last two relegation places.
Nasopharyngeal airway
In medicine, a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), nasal trumpet (because of its flared end), or nose hose, is a type of airway adjunct, a tube that is designed to be inserted through the nasal passage down into the posterior pharynx to secure an open airway. It was introduced by Hans Karl Wendl in 1958. When a patient becomes unconscious, the muscles in the jaw commonly relax and can allow the tongue to slide back and obstruct the airway. This makes airway management necessary, and an NPA is one of the available tools. The purpose of the flared end is to prevent the device from becoming lost inside the patient's nose.

Jaw
The jaws are a pair of opposable articulated structures at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it and is part of the body plan of humans and most animals.
Gomshall
Gomshall is a village in the borough of Guildford in Surrey, England.

It is on the A25, roughly halfway between Guildford and Dorking, and in Shere civil parish, which, reaching to Peaslake and Colmar's Hill, in 2001 recorded a human population of 3,359.  Nearest places are Shere, Albury and Abinger Hammer.

The River Tillingbourne flows through Gomshall, while the North Downs Way passes just to the north. The village also has a railway station on the North Downs Line, served by Great Western Railway trains running between Reading and Redhill.

North Downs Way
The North Downs Way National Trail is a long-distance path in  South East England, opened in 1978. It runs from Farnham in Surrey to Dover in Kent, past Guildford, Dorking, Merstham, Otford and Rochester, through the Surrey Hills National Landscape and the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Sam Kazemian
Sam Hamidi-Kazemian (Persian: سام حمیدی‌کاظمیان; born February 12, 1993) is an Iranian-American software programmer. He is the founder of Frax Finance, a decentralized stablecoin cryptocurrency protocol. Previously, he co-founded Everipedia, a for-profit, wiki-based online encyclopedia. He founded Everipedia with Theodor Forselius in December 2014 and later served as its President. In 2019, he began development of Frax, a fractional stablecoin cryptocurrency. As of January 2022, Frax is ranked the 5th largest stablecoin by market capitalization according to cryptocurrency ranking website Defipulse.com.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Retreat to Montalban
The Retreat to Montalban occurred during the Philippine Revolution after the 1897 Battle of Naic southwest of Cavite when Philippine General Emilio Aguinaldo's and his forces retreated to Puray, Montalban on June 14. The Spanish pursued the Katipunero forces retreating towards central Luzon, killing many of the revolutionaries. However, the retreat finally ended when Aguinaldo and the Filipinos won the Battle of Mount Puray, from which he would make his temporary headquarters, relocating it again to Norzagaray and Angat, until finally reaching the caves of Biak-na-Bato on June 24, 1897, and making it the new revolutionary headquarters.

Dasmariñas
Dasmariñas (Tagalog: [dɐsmaˈɾiɲɐs]), officially the City of Dasmariñas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Dasmariñas), is a component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 744,511 people. With a land area of 90.1 square kilometers (34.8 sq mi) , it is the largest city both in terms of area and population in Cavite and the wealthiest local government unit in the province.

Being located just 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from Imus and 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Manila, the growing congestion and conurbation of the Manila Metropolitan area has led to its rapid development in the late 1900s. This growth is manifested by the influx of major shopping malls, hospitals, universities, banks, industrial parks, and the growing number of residential subdivisions accommodating its growing population.
Cantalpino
Cantalpino is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the city of Salamanca and as of 2016 has a population of 927 people. The municipality covers an area of 78.47 km2 (30.30 sq mi).

The village lies 809 metres (2,654 ft) above sea level.

The postal code is 37405.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Conversion coating
A conversion coating is a chemical or electro-chemical treatment applied to manufactured parts that superficially converts the material into a thin adhering coating of an insoluble compound. These coatings are commonly applied to protect the part against corrosion, to improve the adherence of other coatings, for lubrication, or for aesthetic purposes.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Mandjelia rejae
Mandjelia rejae is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet rejae honours Professor Rhondda Elizabeth Jones of James Cook University for her encouragement of, and support for, the junior author.

Robert Raven
Robert John Raven is an Australian arachnologist, being the Head of Terrestrial Biodiversity and the Senior Curator (Arachnida) at the Queensland Museum. Dr Raven has described over 450 species of spider in Australia and elsewhere, and is spider bite consultant to the Royal Brisbane Hospital, leading to much work on spider toxins.
Cerdido
43°37′26.87″N 7°59′42.69″W﻿ / ﻿43.6241306°N 7.9951917°W﻿ / 43.6241306; -7.9951917

Cerdido is a municipality in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Ortegal.

Ferrol (comarca)
Ferrol is a coastal comarca in the northwest of the province of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. It is also known as Ferrolterra. The area is 613.4 km2, and the overall population of this comarca was 161,154 at the 2011 Census; the latest official estimate (at the start of 2018) was 153,776.
Tim Kelly (Minnesota politician)
Timothy Joseph Kelly (born February 26, 1964) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, he represented District 21A, which included all or portions of Goodhue and Wabasha counties in the southeastern part of the state.

Goodhue County, Minnesota
Goodhue County (/ˈɡʊdhjuː/ GUUD-hew) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,582. Its county seat is Red Wing. Nearly all of Prairie Island Indian Community is within the county.

Goodhue County comprises the Red Wing, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.
Chishirodai Station
Chishirodai Station (千城台駅, Chishirodai-eki) is a monorail train station on the Chiba Urban Monorail located in Wakaba-ku in the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the terminal station for Line 2 of the Chiba Urban Monorail and is located 12.0 kilometers from the northern terminus at Chiba Station.

Chiba Station
35°36′47″N 140°06′47″E﻿ / ﻿35.613122°N 140.113192°E﻿ / 35.613122; 140.113192

Chiba Station (千葉駅, Chiba-eki) is a major interchange railway station in Chiba, Chiba, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Chiba Urban Monorail.
1978 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1978 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1978. Independent-Republican Party candidate U.S. House Rep Al Quie defeated Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party incumbent Rudy Perpich.

Primary elections were held on September 12. Perpich and Quie each won their party's nomination easily over Alice Tripp and Robert W. Johnson, respectively. Richard Pedersen was unopposed for the minor American Party nomination.

Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji (/bəˈmɪdʒiː/ bə-MIJ-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Beltrami County, in northern Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,574 at the 2020 census. According to 2022 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,946, making it the largest commercial center between Grand Forks, North Dakota and Duluth.

As a central city for three Indian reservations, Bemidji is the site of many Native American services, including the Indian Health Service. Near Bemidji are the Red Lake Indian Reservation, White Earth Indian Reservation, and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Bemidji lies on the southwest shore of Lake Bemidji, the northernmost lake feeding the Mississippi River; it is nicknamed "The First City on the Mississippi". Bemidji is also the self-proclaimed "curling capital" of the U.S. and the alleged birthplace of legendary Paul Bunyan.
Pepperpot (lighthouse)
A Pepperpot or Salt Shaker lighthouse is a type of small lighthouse that has an architectural style similar to a scaled up salt or pepper shaker. These lighthouses feature a square tapered base with a single gallery and a square lantern. They are usually shingled in wood and painted white; the lantern and trim are red. Many such lighthouses still exist across Canada, especially in the Maritime provinces.

Three Pepperpot lighthouses exist in the Caledonian Canal in Scotland. These are of a slightly different design, consisting of a short round tower with a conical roof. St. Catherine's Oratory a medieval lighthouse on St. Catherine's Down on the southern coast of the Isle of Wight, is also known locally as "the pepperpot".

Caledonian Canal
The Caledonian Canal connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William in Scotland. The canal was constructed in the early nineteenth century by Scottish engineer Thomas Telford.
Alfa Mist
Alfa Mist (born Alfa Sekitoleko) is a British musician, producer, songwriter, and MC based in Newham, London. He released his first solo EP Nocturne in 2015. He also runs a music label called Sekito. His music mixes hip-hop and club styles with jazz improvisation. He collaborated with several musicians, including Jordan Rakei, Yussef Dayes and Tom Misch.

In 2021, he released an album titled Bring Backs on the American independent music label Anti-. He also performed at the 2021 We Out Here Festival and was one of the MOBO Awards 2021 nominees.

Jordan Rakei
Jordan Rakei (born 23 May 1992) is a New Zealand–Australian musician, singer, songwriter and record producer currently based in London, United Kingdom. Rakei has also released and performed under the moniker Dan Kye.
Ramose (TT55)
The Ancient Egyptian noble, Ramose was Vizier under both Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. He was in office in the last decade of Amenhotep's III reign and at the beginning of the reign of the latter king. Ramose appears on jar labels found in the palace of king Amenhotep III at Malkata. Here appears also the vizier Amenhotep-Huy. Both viziers are also shown side by side in the temple of Soleb. In the New Kingdom the office of the vizier was divided in a northern vizier and a southern one. It is not entirely clear whether Ramose was the southern or northern one.

Ramose was born into an influential family. His father was the mayor of Memphis Heby, in office at the beginning of Amenhotep's III reign. The brother of Ramose was the high steward of Memphis Amenhotep (Huy).

High steward (Ancient Egypt)
The high steward (also called chief steward or great overseer of the house; Egyptian: imi-r pr wr) was an important official at the royal court in Ancient Egypt in the Middle Kingdom and in the New Kingdom. He was the main person in charge of the estates supplying the palace and the royal residence with food.
The office appears in the 11th Dynasty. To the earliest title holders belong Henenu and Meketre. After the vizier and the treasurer this was the most important office at the royal court; important title holders of the 12th Dynasty were Siese and Khnumhotep III, both were later in their career appointed vizier.

The title was still very important in the New Kingdom and was in this period often called high steward of the king. An important title holder of the New Kingdom was Senenmut under Hatshepsut, other include Wadjetrenput  serving under the same queen.
Jaison Peters
Rohel Jaison Peters (born 22 November 1989) is a Montserratian cricketer who plays for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He plays as a wicket-keeper.

Peters was born in Guyana, but raised on Montserrat, playing for the Montserrat national team in inter-island matches. He made his first-class debut for the Leeward Islands during the 2010–11 Regional Four Day Competition, against Trinidad and Tobago on 11 March 2011, scoring one run in the first innings and 33 in the second as the Leeward Islands won by 29 runs. His only List A appearance came in a Regional Super50 match against the Combined Campuses and Colleges on 24 October 2011; he scored 40 runs and made two dismissals (one catch, one stumping) as the Combined Campuses and Colleges won by four wickets. Peters has made only sporadic appearances for the Leewards since his debut, with Jahmar Hamilton generally being preferred as wicket-keeper.

Super50 Cup
The Super50 Cup, currently named the CG Insurance Super50 Cup for sponsorship purposes is the domestic one-day cricket competition in the West Indies. It was previously known as the KFC Cup until the fast food chain pulled out of sponsorship in 2008 and the WICB Cup until 2011. Afterwards it was known as the Regional Super50 until 2014 when NAGICO Insurance became the title sponsor and it became the NAGICO Regional Super50 until 2021. In recent years it has been run in a condensed format with the group stage taking place over approximately two to three weeks, immediately followed by the knock-out stages. Trinidad and Tobago have won the most titles – 14, including one shared).
Põrga
Põrga is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. It is located 2.7 km (1 mile) directly south of the town of Kärstna, 30 km (18 miles) southeast of the town of Viljandi and 2 km (1 mile) north of the border of Viljandi County and Valga County. As of 2011, Põrga had a population of 52 residents, a decrease from 67 in the 2000 census.

Viljandi County
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
Dole pod Sveto Trojico
Dole pod Sveto Trojico (pronounced [ˈdoːlɛ pɔt ˈsʋeːtɔ tɾɔˈjiːtsɔ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
St. Mary's Church (Adair, Missouri)
St. Mary's Church is a historic turn-of-the-20th century Catholic church located in the unincorporated community of Adair, 12 miles northeast of Kirksville, Adair County, Missouri, on Missouri Route 11. An example of Romanesque Revival architecture, it is one of the few wood-frame structures in that style still remaining in the United States. St. Mary's was constructed in 1904, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is now owned and managed by Friends of St. Mary's, a non-profit preservation organization.

Kirksville, Missouri
Kirksville is the county seat of and most populous city in Adair County, Missouri, United States. Located in Benton Township, its population was 17,530 at the 2020 census.  Kirksville is home to three colleges: Truman State University, Moberly Area Community College, and A.T. Still University.
Tears Always Win
"Tears Always Win" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys for her fifth studio album, Girl on Fire (2012). It was written by Keys, along with Bruno Mars, Jeff Bhasker and Phillip Lawrence, and produced by Keys and Bhasker. It was digitally released on May 7, 2013, as the fifth single from Girl on Fire. Keys debuted the single during a performance on American Idol on May 9, 2013.  The song had positive critical reaction. Keys included the song in the setlist for her fifth concert tour, the Set the World on Fire Tour. It is being released as the second Top 40/Mainstream single following the lead single "Girl on Fire". Keys also performed the song on the May 9, 2013 episode of  American Idol.

Circle Chart
The Circle Chart (Korean: 써클차트; RR: Sseokeul-chateu), previously known as the Gaon Music Chart or the Gaon Chart (Korean: 가온차트; RR: Gaon-chateu), tabulates the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in South Korea. Founded in 2010, it is produced by the Korea Music Content Association and sponsored by South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Warehouseman
A warehouseman, also known as a warehouse worker, warehouse operator, or warehouse technician, is someone who works in a warehouse, usually delivering goods for sale or storage, or, in older usage, someone who owns a warehouse and sells goods directly from it or from a shop fronting onto the warehouse (similar to a modern Cash and carry).

An Italian warehouseman was someone who stocked goods from Italy such as pasta, olive oil, pickles, perfumes, fruits, paints and pigments (they were often known as Oil and Italian warehouseman or Oilman and Italian warehouseman to highlight the selling of oil products).

A Manchester warehouseman was a wholesaler of linen and cloth made in the factories surrounding Manchester in the North-West of England.

In law, a warehouseman can be entitled to a warehouseman's lien for work done but not yet paid for.

Cash and carry
Cash and carry is a wholesale business model in which goods are sold from a warehouse-style premises to business buyers who pay for products immediately at the point of sale and arrange their own transport. The model emphasizes self-service, immediate payment, and reduced service offerings such as credit accounts or delivery, which distinguishes it from traditional full-service wholesalers. It is commonly used in the distribution of fast-moving consumer goods and supplies to independent retailers, food service operators, and other business customers.
Lady of the House (1978 film)
Lady of the House is an American television biographical film about Sally Stanford, co-directed by Ralph Nelson and Vincent Sherman. The screenplay by Ron Koslow is based on Stanford's autobiography of the same name. The film was broadcast by NBC on November 14, 1978.

Vincent Sherman
Vincent Sherman (born Abraham Orovitz, July 16, 1906 – June 18, 2006) was an American director and actor who worked in Hollywood. His movies include Mr. Skeffington (1944), Nora Prentiss (1947), and The Young Philadelphians (1959).

He began his career as an actor on Broadway and later in film. He directed B-movies for Warner Bros. and then moved to directing to A-pictures.  He was a good friend of actor Errol Flynn, whom he directed in Adventures of Don Juan (1949). He directed three Joan Crawford movies: The Damned Don't Cry (1950), Harriet Craig (1950), and Goodbye, My Fancy (1951).