hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hong (Chinese surname)
Hong is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 洪 (Hóng). It was listed 184th among the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames. Today it is not among the 100 most common surnames in mainland China but it was the 15th-most-common surname in Taiwan in 2005. As counted by a Chinese census, Taiwan is the area with the largest number of people with the name. It is also the pinyin romanization of a number of less-common names including Hóng (弘), Hóng (t 閎, s 闳), and Hóng (宏). All of those names are romanized as Hung in Wade-Giles.

"Hong" is also one spelling employed for the Cantonese pronunciation of the surname Xiong (熊).

The Hokkien and Teochew romanization of Hong (that uses the character 洪) is Ang, which is also used for Wang (汪, Wāng).

It is also the romanization used for the Korean surname Hong, which uses the character 洪 in hanja, the Khmer surname ហុង (Hong), as well as the surname Hồng in Vietnam, from the Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese character 洪.

Teochew Min
Teochew, also known as Swatow or Teo-Swa after its two best-known dialects, is a Southern Min language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to English romanization by colonial officials and explorers. It is closely related to Hokkien, as it shares some cognates and phonology with Hokkien.

Teochew preserves many Old Chinese pronunciations and vocabulary that have been lost in some of the other modern varieties of Chinese. As such, Teochew is described as one of the most conservative Chinese languages.
T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society
The T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society was an insurance company that operated in Australia and New Zealand. The 'T & G' stood for 'Temperance & General'. The company was founded in Victoria in 1876, emerging from the Assurance branch of the Independent Order of Rechabites with 132 policies. The branch was severed from the I.O.R. after six years of operations.

By 1920, the society had 385,000 policies and by 1930 had grown to become the largest ordinary-industrial life society operating solely within Australia and New Zealand, with 737,000 policies, with an income of nearly £4 million, and assets totaling over £16 million. By 1952 the income had increased to £16 million and funds to £86 million.

In 1983 the T&G Society amalgamated with National Mutual, which was itself purchased by Axa in the 1990s.

Independent Order of Rechabites
The Independent Order of Rechabites (IOR), also known as the Sons and Daughters of Rechab, is a fraternal organisation and friendly society founded in England in 1835 as part of the wider temperance movement to promote total abstinence from alcoholic beverages. The Order has been active in Australia from 1843, promoting temperance and as a benefit society. A branch was established in the United States in 1842, and also flourished for a time. In the United Kingdom, the Order trades under the name of Healthy Investment, being well connected in upper society and involved in financial matters; there it gradually transformed into a financial institution which promotes teetotalism.
Weighted blanket
A weighted blanket is an especially heavy blanket that is used to aid sleep and reduce anxiety. Initially, weighted blankets were most commonly used in deep pressure therapy to assist autistic people, individuals with dementia, and mental health conditions. They have subsequently become a mass-market product. Scientific evidence does not support their use as an aid for insomnia, and they can be dangerous, particularly for children.

Mass market
A mass market is a market for goods produced on a large scale for a significant number of end consumers. A mass market differs from a niche market in that the former focuses on consumers with a wide variety of backgrounds with no identifiable preferences and expectations in a large market segment. Traditionally, businesses reach out to the mass market with advertising messages through a variety of media including radio, TV, newspapers and the Web.
Eretmocera dioctis
Eretmocera dioctis is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1897. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia.

The wingspan is 9–11 mm. The forewings are fuscous, with a purplish lustre and a few whitish-ochreous scales, and sometimes with three indistinct whitish-ochreous spots, the first on the dorsum before the middle, second on the tornus and third (seldom developed) on the costa at four-fifths. The hindwings are dark grey.

The larvae feed on Chloris gayana and Enteropogon acicularis.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.
Zwackhia viridis
Zwackhia viridis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Lecanographaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, and has been documented in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania.

Script lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek for "writing". An example is Halegrapha mucronata.
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Mines
ITU Faculty of Mines (Turkish: İTÜ Maden Fakültesi), located in Maslak campus, is one of the faculties in Istanbul Technical University, which has five departments.Among the notable faculty of the ITU Faculty of Mines are Galip Sağıroğlu, İhsan Ketin, Aykut Barka, Celal Şengör and Kazım Ergin.

The faculty's departments are:

Mining engineering

Geological engineering

Petroleum and natural gas engineering

Geophysical engineering

Mineral processing engineering

Aykut Barka
Aykut Barka (December 16, 1951, Fatih, Istanbul – February 1, 2002) was a Turkish geoscientist specialized in seismology. He is best known for his contributions to understanding the behaviour of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), one of the most dangerous active faults in the world.
Bromotrifluoroethylene
Bromotrifluoroethylene (BTFE) is a halogenated ethylene derivative with the chemical formula F2CCBrF. It is a highly flammable colourless gas with a musty odour resembling phosgene. It can polymerise spontaneously.

Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals.

Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas.

It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform.
Sung-ki
Sung-ki or Sseong-gi is a Korean given name. It was the ninth-most-popular name for newborn boys in 1940, according to South Korean government data.

The name is not commonly given to babies with the family name Nam, as the resulting name "Nam Sung-ki" (남성기) is a homograph and homophone of the Korean word for penis. The 2005 Seoul Broadcasting System television series Hello My Teacher was criticised for its inclusion of a character with the gag name Nam Sung-ki, for this reason; some commentators believed this penis joke was inappropriate for television.

People with this name include:

Ahn Sung-ki (born 1952), South Korean actor

Cho Sung-ki (born 1951), South Korean writer

Jung Sung-ki (born 1971), South Korean baseball player

Yoo Seong-gi (born 1991), South Korean football player

Penis
In many animals, a penis (/ˈpiːnɪs/; pl.: penises or penes) is the male sexual organ used to inseminate females (or hermaphrodites) during copulation. Such organs occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but males do not bear a penis in every animal species. Furthermore, penises are not necessarily homologous.

The term penis applies to many intromittent organs, but not to all. As an example, the intromittent organ of most Cephalopoda is the hectocotylus, a specialized arm, and male spiders use their pedipalps. Even within the Vertebrata, there are morphological variants with specific terminology, such as hemipenes.

In most species of animals in which there is an organ that might be described as a penis, it has no major function other than intromission, or at least conveying the sperm to the female, but in the placental mammals, the penis bears the distal part of the urethra, which discharges both urine during urination and semen during copulation.
Christian Haass
Christian Haass (born 19 December 1960 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German biochemist who specializes in metabolic biochemistry and neuroscience.

Haass studied biology in Heidelberg from 1981 to 1985. From 1990 on he was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dennis Selkoe at Harvard Medical School, where he worked from 1993 to 1995 as an assistant professor. Afterwards he returned to Germany as professor of molecular biology at the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim. In 1999 he was offered a chair in the medical faculty at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

The emphasis of his work is in the molecular biology and cell biology of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. He received Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence - Cytokines in Pathogenesis & Therapy of Diseases from Hamdan Medical Award in 2006. Among other awards, he has won the Leibniz Prize and the Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease.

Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease
The Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease were awarded annually from 1986 to 2016 to recognize scientific contributions toward a better understanding of the underlying causes, prevention, and treatments of Alzheimer's disease. The awards were endowed by the Metlife Foundation and administered by The American Federation for Aging Research.

Each of the winners received a personal award of US$50,000 and US$200,000 in research funds to further their research.
Leipzig Prison
Leipzig Prison (Strafvollzugseinrichtung Leipzig, later Justizvollzugsanstalt Leipzig) was a prison in Leipzig, Germany. Built together with an adjacent court building in 1906, it was used as a prison until 2003. During East German rule, a secret part of the prison was used as the central execution site of East Germany. In 1981, Werner Teske was the final person executed here. The prison was used until 2003, the site is now used as an extension of the nearby court building, with the execution site remaining as a memorial site.

Einsatzkommando
During World War II, the Nazi German Einsatzkommandos were a sub-group of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads) – up to 3,000 men total – usually composed of 500–1,000 functionaries of the SS and Gestapo, whose mission was to exterminate Jews, Polish intellectuals, Romani, and communists in the captured territories often far behind the advancing German front. Einsatzkommandos, along with Sonderkommandos, were responsible for the systematic murder of Jews during the aftermath of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. After the war, several commanders were tried in the Einsatzgruppen trial, convicted, and executed.
Sergio Mendes (1975 album)
Sergio Mendes is a 1975 album by Sérgio Mendes (released in Brazil as I Believe and credited to Sergio Mendes and Brasil '77). This album features vocals by Bonnie Bowden and Sondra Catton.  Its the first of two self-titled albums from the artist.

Dave Grusin
Robert David Grusin (born June 26, 1934) is an American composer, arranger, producer, jazz pianist, and band leader. He has composed many scores for feature films and television and has won numerous awards for his soundtrack and record work, including an Academy Award and 10 Grammy Awards. Grusin was also a frequent collaborator with director Sydney Pollack, scoring many of his films like Three Days of the Condor (1975), Absence of Malice (1981), Tootsie (1982), The Firm (1993), and Random Hearts (1999). In 1978, Grusin founded GRP Records with Larry Rosen, and was an early pioneer of digital recording.
Fritillaria verticillata
Fritillaria verticillata is a flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan and the Altay region of Siberia.

It can grow to 60 cm (23.5 in) tall, usually with one flower at the top, but sometimes with as many as five. The leaves are mostly in whorls, with 4-7 leaves per node, each up to 10 cm long but rarely more than 10 mm across. The flowers are pendent, nodding, bell-shaped, white or pale yellow, sometimes with purple spots.

It formerly included the variety Fritillaria verticillata var. thunbergii  - now called Fritillaria thunbergii.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Solar eclipse of December 24, 1992
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Wednesday, December 23 and Thursday, December 24, 1992, with a magnitude of 0.8422. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Asia, Northeast Asia, and Alaska.

Northeast Asia
Northeast Asia, sometimes called Northeastern Asia or Northeast Eurasia, is a geographical subregion of Asia. Its northeastern landmass and islands are bounded by the North Pacific Ocean.

The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scientist Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" includes the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, the Mongolian Plateau, the Northeast China Plain, and the mountainous regions of the Russian Far East, stretching from the Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
Canton of Auvillar
The canton of Auvillar is a French former administrative division in the department of Tarn-et-Garonne and region Midi-Pyrénées. It had 4,896 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 10 communes, which joined the canton of Garonne-Lomagne-Brulhois in 2015.

The canton comprised the following communes:

Canton of Garonne-Lomagne-Brulhois
The canton of Garonne-Lomagne-Brulhois is an administrative division of the Tarn-et-Garonne department, in southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Grave.

It consists of the following communes:
Cleopatra's Needle, London
Cleopatra's Needle in London is one of a pair of obelisks, together named Cleopatra's Needles, that were moved from the ruins of the Caesareum of Alexandria, in Egypt, in the 19th century. Inscribed by Thutmose III and later Ramesses II of the Egyptian New Kingdom, the obelisk was moved in 12 BC to Alexandria, where it remained for over 1,800 years.

It was presented to the Prince Regent in 1819 by the ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, as a diplomatic gift to mark British victories over the French in Egypt, namely the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and the Battle of Alexandria in 1801. Although the British government welcomed the gesture, it declined to pay to move the obelisk to London. It was subsequently erected in the West End of London on the Victoria Embankment in Westminster, in 1878.

Battle of Alexandria (1801)
The Battle of Alexandria (also known as the Battle of Canope/Canopus) was fought on 21 March 1801, where the British army and naval forces repelled an assault by the French army as part of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria. Led by General Sir Ralph Abercromby, the British engaged a French force under Divisional-general Jacques-François Menou near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Abukir. The British routed Menou's army after several hours of fierce fighting, though Abercromby was mortally wounded. About half of the French casualties at Alexandria were caused by British naval force. John Hely-Hutchinson, who replaced Abercromby, led the British army to Alexandria and laid siege to the city, which surrendered in September.
Dicerandra linearifolia
Dicerandra linearifolia, or coastal plain balm, is a species of Dicerandra native to the Southeastern Coastal Plain, United States.

It is the species of Dicerandra with the widest distribution, spreading from Alabama in the west to southern Georgia in the east, and south to the Florida Panhandle. Its range ends abruptly in the pine barrens ecosystem located along the Fall Line in southwestern Georgia.

There are two varieties of D. linearifolia: D. linearifolia var. linearifolia, and D. linearifolia var. robustior. Both are native to sand hill habitats.

Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line
The Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, or Fall Zone, is a 900-mile (1,400 km) escarpment where the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain meet in the eastern United States. Much of the fall line passes through areas where no evidence of faulting is present.
Sharifa Khatun
Sharifa Khatun is a Bangladeshi academic. She served as the director of Institute of Education and Research at the University of Dhaka during May 1993 to May 1996. She was a language movement activist in 1952. In 2017, she was awarded Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh for her contribution to the language movement. She also serves as an editor of Banglapedia, the national encyclopedia of Bangladesh.

Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka
The Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka(Bengali: শিক্ষা ও গবেষণা ইনস্টিটিউট, ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়), (also known as IER, University of Dhaka or simply IER), is the oldest and biggest institution for the study of education in Bangladesh. The institute of Education and Research was established as the first institute of the University of Dhaka with the technical and financial assistance of United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It is run by the Second Statute Under President's Order of 1973 and governed by a separate Board of Governors headed by the Vice-Chancellor of the university.
Chaigneau Peak
Chaigneau Peak (65°13′S 64°1′W﻿ / ﻿65.217°S 64.017°W﻿ / -65.217; -64.017) is a sharp peak, 760 metres (2,500 ft) high, standing immediately southeast of Blanchard Ridge on the west coast of Graham Land. It was probably first sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. It was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–1910, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for Chaigneau, then Governor of Provincia de Magallanes, Chile.

Belgian Antarctic Expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the RV Belgica, it was the first Belgian Antarctic expedition and is considered the first expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Among its members were Frederick Cook and Roald Amundsen, explorers who would later attempt the respective conquests of the North and South Poles.
Latortue
Latortue is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexia Latortue (fl. 1997), American development official

Gérard Latortue (1934–2023), Haitian politician and diplomat

Youri Latortue (born 1967), Haitian politician

Gérard Latortue
Gérard Latortue (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ latɔʁty]; 19 June 1934 – 27 February 2023) was a Haitian politician and diplomat who served as the prime minister of Haiti from 12 March 2004 to 9 June 2006. He was an official in the United Nations for many years, and briefly served as foreign minister of Haiti during the short-lived 1988 administration of Leslie Manigat.
15th Genie Awards
The 15th Genie Awards were held on December 7, 1994 to honour Canadian films released that year. Actor Graham Greene hosted the ceremony.

Building on the success of its Genie specials of the last two years, the academy and the CBC produced two shows for this year's event. Genies Countdown was a one-hour preview show which aired twice before the gala; for the Quebec market, Les Grands Moments du Genie aired immediately after the show.

The 1994 year's awards were dominated by Atom Egoyan's Exotica, and Whale Music, the debut film of director Richard J. Lewis. Another newcomer, Michel Poulette, won the Claude Jutra Award for outstanding achievement for first-time direction for his film Louis 19, le roi des ondes (Louis 19, King of the Airwaves), which also won the Golden Reel Award as the year's most commercially successful film.

Louis 19, King of the Airwaves
Louis 19, King of the Airwaves (French: Louis 19, le roi des ondes) is a Canadian comedy film, released in April 1994.

The film stars Martin Drainville as Louis Jobin, a television fanatic who wins a contest to be on television. Unbeknownst to him, however, his prize is to become a reality show: he is followed around by a cameraman 24 hours a day for three months, and when his life doesn't make for compelling viewing, the show's producers decide to manipulate his life to make the show more exciting.

The film was directed by Michel Poulette, and written by Poulette, Sylvie Bouchard, Michel Michaud and Émile Gaudreault. It won the Golden Reel Award as the year's top-grossing film in Canada.
Transgender archaeology
Transgender archaeology is an approach to the study of archaeology which focuses on critiquing dominant views of archaeology rooted in binary gender, sex, and expression. This approach diversifies cisgender approaches to archaeological practice. In 2016, a special issue of the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory was dedicated to papers that challenged a binary approach to gender. Researchers such as Mary Weismantel have discussed how understanding past gender diversity can support contemporary transgender rights, but have called for transgender archaeology to "not re-populate the ancient past ... but to offer a subtler appreciation of cultural variation". Jan Turek, writing in 2016, described how archaeological interpretation can be limited since "current gender categories do not always correspond with those of a former reality". Transgender theory provides an avenue of empowerment especially for those with multiple marginalized identities.

Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).