hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Besbicus maculosus
Besbicus maculosus, formerly Andricus maculosus and Cynips maculosa, also known as the pear gall wasp, is an uncommon species of cynipid wasp that induces galls on oak trees on the west coast of North America. The wasp oviposits on leather oak and scrub oak leaves.  Fresh galls are green. This wasp has been observed in California.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Muottas-Muragl-Bahn
Muottas-Muragl-Bahn is a funicular railway in Engadin, Switzerland. The line leads from Punt Murgal near Samedan at 1740 m to Muottas Muragl at 2445 m near its summit (2453 m). The funicular with two cars has a single track with a passing loop. The line of 2170 m in length has a difference of elevation of 705 m at a maximum inclination of 54%.

Two lines of the Rhaetian Railway have stations near the funicular's base station: Punt Muragl on the Samedan–Pontresina line and Punt Muragl Staz on the Bernina line (St. Moritz-Pontresina).

Completed in 1907, it was the longest single-section funicular in Switzerland, longer lines having separate sections. The original concession allowed operation in summer only, but this was changed in 1908 already. The name was initially written "Muottas Muraigl".

The line was rebuilt in 1992, earlier specifications are different.

The funicular is owned and operated by Engadin St. Moritz Mountains AG.

Engadin
The Engadin or Engadine (Romansh: Engiadina [eɲdʑɐˈdiːnɐ] ⓘ; German: Engadin [ˈɛŋɡadiːn] ⓘ or [ɛŋɡaˈdiːn] ⓘ; Italian: Engadina; French: Engadine) is a long high Alpine valley region in the eastern Swiss Alps in the canton of Graubünden in southeasternmost Switzerland with about 25,000 inhabitants. It follows the route of the Inn (Romansh: En) from its headwaters at Maloja Pass in the southwest running roughly northeast until the Inn flows into Austria, little less than one hundred kilometers downstream. The En/Inn subsequently flows at Passau into the Danube, making it the only Swiss river to drain into the Black Sea. The Engadine is protected by high mountain ranges on all sides and is famous for its sunny climate, beautiful landscapes and outdoor activities.
1923 Latvian church property referendum
A referendum on the transfer of church property was held in Latvia on 1 and 2 September 1923, the first time a referendum had been held in the country. Voters were asked whether the government should be stopped from transferring the Lutheran St James's Church in Riga to the Roman Catholic Church. Although a large majority voted for the proposal, voter turnout was well below the level required, and the church building was subsequently given to the Catholic Church.

Catholic Church in Latvia
The Catholic Church of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Katoļu baznīca) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

In 2021, there were approximately 370,000 Catholics in the country – 19% of the total population.  Catholics in Latvia are mainly found in the easternmost region of Latgale and most are ethnic Latgalians.
USS Cuttlefish
Two submarines of the United States Navy have been named Cuttlefish for the cuttlefish, a ten-armed marine mollusk similar to the squid.

USS Cuttlefish (SS-11), was a B-class submarine that was renamed B-2.

USS Cuttlefish (SS-171), was a Cachalot-class submarine that served in the opening days of World War II.

USS B-2
USS Cuttlefish/B-2 (SS-11), also known as "Submarine Torpedo Boat No. 11", was one of three B-class submarines built for the United States Navy (USN) in the first decade of the 20th century. She was the first ship of the USN to be named for the cuttlefish, a 10-armed marine mollusk similar to the squid. Used primarily for training, she was transported to the Philippines, in 1913. During WWI she patrolled the waters around the Philippines.
Triplemanía VIII
Triplemanía VIII was the eighth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on July 5, 2000 in Tokyo, Japan. It was only the second show to take place outside Mexico and the first show to take place in Japan. The Main event featured an Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match which saw AAA regulars team up with various Japanese wrestlers. The team of Octagón, Jushin Thunder Liger, Latin Lover, and El Alebrije took on Cibernético, Cima, Abismo Negro, and Electroshock.

El Alebrije
El Alebrije (born July 12, 1972) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler, currently working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) under the ring name Kraneo. He best known for his work in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, where he worked for 12 years as El Alebrije, along with his Mini-Estrella companion Cuije. He has also played the role of Máscara Sagrada II after the Original Máscara Sagrada left AAA. El Alebrije's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Pomerium (group)
Pomerium is an American early music choral group founded by Alexander Blachly at the University of Notre Dame in 1972. The group has fostered the careers of early music performers including Julianne Baird, Drew Minter, and the members of Anonymous 4.

Early music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western classical music.
Vasil Todorov
Vasil Todorov (Bulgarian: Васил Тодоров; 20 October 1944 – September 2022) was a Bulgarian wrestler who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, where he finished fourth in the 100 kg category. He was the bronze medalist at the 1969 and 1971 World Wrestling Championships, and fifth in 1970. He won four medals (3 silver, 1 bronze) at the European Wrestling Championships in the years 1968-1972.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
Tchèdio
Tchèdio (also spelled Tiédio) is a town in eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Tanda Department in Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Tchèdio was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Tchèdio was 10,605.

Zanzan District
Zanzan District (French: District du Zanzan, [zɑ̃.zɑ̃]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast of the country. The capital of the district is Bondoukou.
The Girl of Last Night
The Girl of Last Night (German: Das Mädchen von gestern Nacht) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Peter Paul Brauer and starring Willy Fritsch, Georg Alexander and Hans Leibelt. It is set in England.

The film's sets were designed by Carl Ludwig Kirmse. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin.

Georg Alexander
Georg Alexander (born Werner Ludwig Georg Lüddeckens; 3 April 1888 – 30 October 1945) was a German film actor who was a prolific presence in German cinema. He also directed a number of films during the silent era.
Eggner Trio
The Eggner Trio is a piano trio from Vienna. The members are three brothers: Georg Eggner (violin), Florian Eggner (cello), and Christoph Eggner (piano). The trio performs and records a range of classical and modern chamber works. It has appeared in such distinguished venues as Wigmore Hall in London and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, and in 2003 won the Melbourne International Chamber Music Competition.

Piano trio
A piano trio is a group of piano and two other instruments, usually a violin and a cello, or a piece of music written for such a group. It is one of the most common forms found in classical chamber music. The term can also refer to a group of musicians who regularly play this repertoire together; for a number of well-known piano trios, see below.

The term "piano trio" is also used for jazz trios, where it most commonly designates a pianist accompanied by bass and drums, though guitar or saxophone may figure as well.
Bally Gill
Bally Gill (born 28 July 1992) is a British actor. He won the 2018  Ian Charleson Award for his performance as Romeo in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of Romeo and Juliet. Best known for his role as Neel Fisher in BBC drama Sherwood, he has also appeared as Agent Singh in Slow Horses, in the ITV crime series Manhunt, the BBC medical comedy-drama This Is Going to Hurt as well as AMC's Interview with the Vampire He made his film debut in the adaptation of the Alan Bennett play Allelujah in the role of Dr Valentine.

Slow Horses
Slow Horses is a British spy thriller television series based on the Slough House series of novels by Mick Herron, created for television by Will Smith. It follows an MI5 unit where disgraced or failed agents are consigned, under the supervision of Jackson Lamb (Gary Oldman). It also stars Jack Lowden, Kristin Scott Thomas, Jonathan Pryce, Saskia Reeves, Rosalind Eleazar, Christopher Chung and Aimee-Ffion Edwards.

The series premiered on Apple TV+ on 1 April 2022 to highly positive reviews. The first five series have adapted the novels Slow Horses, Dead Lions, Real Tigers, Spook Street, and London Rules, respectively. Slow Horses has been renewed for a sixth and seventh series, based on the novels Joe Country and Slough House (series 6) and Bad Actors (series 7).
Autódromo Municipal Juan Manuel Fangio
The Autódromo Municipal Juan Manuel Fangio is a 3.910 km (2.430 mi) motor sports racing circuit located in Rosario in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina. The circuit is named after five-time Formula One champion, Juan Manuel Fangio (1911–1995).

It has hosted national touring car races such as the Turismo Carretera, TC2000 and Top Race V6, as well as the World RX of Argentina in 2015 and 2016.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
Real Change SA
Stephen Pallaras Real Change SA, known simply as Real Change SA, is a minor political party that has been registered in South Australia since 2022. It was founded by Stephen Pallaras, a former Director of Public Prosecutions. At the 2022 state election, it fielded four candidates in the lower house, winning 0.1% of the vote, and two candidates in the upper house, winning 0.9% of the vote.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Rockwell Gardens
Rockwell Gardens was a Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) public housing project located in the East Garfield Park neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was the first public housing development in the United States to be constructed using both federal and state funds. The original structures were designed by Nicol & Nicol and covered 17 acres (6.9 ha). 1,126 units of land. The second complex (Maplewood Courts) were located along Jackson Blvd and were standard Walk-up units in row like formations. This section is now a park as of 2014. The entire complex was 
located approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of the Chicago Loop, bordered by Madison Street, Van Buren Street, Western Avenue, and Rockwell Street.

Madison Street (Chicago)
Madison Street is a major east–west street in Chicago, Illinois. Prior to human intervention, in the early 19th century the Chicago River after forming a large bend emptied into Lake Michigan at the present day intersection of Madison Street and Michigan Avenue.  The street was laid out in the first plat of Chicago. Since 1908, it has served as the address origen between North and South on the Chicago street grid.

Notable buildings located along Madison Street include the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Chase Tower, Three First National Plaza, the Chicago Civic Opera House, Citigroup Center and the United Center. The West Side's United Center is across Madison Street from the former site of the Chicago Stadium, "the Madhouse on Madison" (demolished in 1995).
Thomas Dalmahoy
Thomas Dalmahoy (died 1682) was an English politician as the (co-)Member of Parliament for Guildford, 1664-1679.  His left-handed marriage is notable in that he married the widow of his family's patron, killed at the final foray of the English Civil War, the Battle of Worcester, having served as his master of the horse attending to his travel arrangements — the patron was the Duke of Hamilton.

In his final years, being a noble Scotsman, among a minority of all members supportive of Lauderdale in the Cabal and the succession of James II and VII — considered one of the Court Party and not holding a Pocket Borough — he lost the 1679 election to exclusionist Morgan Randyll.

Court Party
The Court Party was the name given to the supporters of the Ministers of the Crown in late seventeenth and eighteenth century Britain.  It tended to be pro-capitalist and believed in centralizing political power, in opposition to the more agrarian Country Party.

In Scotland, Canada and the American colonies the Court Party tended to be the party that was closer to London.

There was similarly named centralising factions in contemporary monarchies such as France and Sweden.
Claussenomyces
Claussenomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. Species grow as saprophytes on decaying and decorticated wood, cones, or sap. Fruitbodies are turbinate (having the shape of an inverted cone) to pulvinate (shaped like a cushion), measuring up to 0.6 mm in both height and diameter. The flesh has an elastic to gelatinous texture.

The genus name of Claussenomyces is in honour of Peter Heinrich Claussen (1877-1959), a German doctor and botanist (Mycology), Professor of Botany
and Director of the Botanical Garden at the University of Marburg.

The genus was circumscribed by Wilhelm Kirschstein in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg Vol.65 on page 122 in 1923.

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
Hans-Jörg Meyer
Hans-Jörg Meyer (born April 10, 1964 in Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony) is a German sport shooter. He won a silver medal in the men's 50 m free pistol at the 2009 European Shooting Championships in Osijek, Croatia, accumulating a score of 653.8 targets.

At age forty-four, Meyer made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in two pistol shooting events, along with his teammate Florian Schmidt. He scored a total of 577 targets in the preliminary rounds of the men's 10 m air pistol, by one point ahead of Belarus' Yury Dauhapolau from the final attempt, finishing only in twenty-first place. Three days later, Meyer placed thirteenth in his second event, 50 m pistol, by two points ahead of U.S. shooter Daryl Szarenski, with a total score of 557 targets.

Osijek
Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the economic and cultural hub of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative seat of Osijek-Baranja County. It is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,313 recorded in the 2021 census. The city is situated on the southern bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream from its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). Osijek is located 16 km (10 mi) west of the Croatia–Serbia border.
Rathbun House
The Rathbun House is a historic house at 343 Beacon Drive in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney.  Its exterior trim is simple and lacking in significant detailing.  The interior plan is a typical five-room setup, with a narrow entry hall, two rooms on either side of the chimney, and the kitchen behind.  It is one of a small number of surviving mid-18th century farmhouses in the town.  It was probably one of four houses built in the area by members of the Rathbun family.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

North Kingstown, Rhode Island
North Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States, and is part of the Providence metropolitan area. Its population was 27,732 in the 2020 census. North Kingstown is  the birthplace of American portraitist Gilbert Stuart, who was born in the village of Saunderstown. Within the town is Quonset Point, location of the former Naval Air Station Quonset Point, known for the invention of the Quonset hut, as well as the historic village of Wickford.
DXPQ
DXPQ (95.9 FM), broadcasting as 95.9 One FM, is a radio station owned and operated by the Radio Corporation of the Philippines. The station's studio and transmitter is located at Villa Kanangga, Butuan.

Studio
A studio is a space set aside for creative work of any kind, including art, dance, music and theater.

The word studio is derived from the Italian: studio, from Latin: studium, from studere, meaning to study or zeal.
John Dunn Jr.
John Dunn Jr. (21 January 1830 – 6 February 1892), the son of John Dunn Sr. was brought into the flour milling partnership with his father in 1852, he resigned in 1862 to work as a Wesleyan missionary in Fiji but was forced by ophthalmia to return in 1864. In January 1865 the Sydney Conference removed his right to the title "Reverend", giving health problems as the reason, and against his wishes, and despite a popular petition, he was removed from the Clarendon circuit in 1865. He was later a lay preacher on the Primitive Methodist circuit.

On the retirement of his father in May 1889 was appointed head of the company; sons Frederick Williams  Dunn (1863–1946), Alfred Calvert Dunn (1867–1957) and Eustace Alexandria  Andrew Dunn (1869–1928) managed the company after his death.

Primitive Methodist Church
The Primitive Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination aligned with the holiness movement. Originating in early 19th-century England as a revivalist movement within Methodism, it was heavily influenced by American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834), whose visits inspired a return to fervent, open-air preaching.

In the United States, the Primitive Methodist Church had eighty-three parishes and 8,487 members in 1996.  In 2025, the PMC in the United States has 60 congregations across 13 eastern states.

In Great Britain and Australia, the Primitive Methodist Church merged with other denominations, to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 and the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902. (The latter subsequently merged into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977.)
Ivan Garanin
Ivan Ivanovich Garanin (Russian: Иван Иванович Гаранин, born August 1, 1945) is a former cross-country skier who represented the Soviet Union.

Garanin trained at VSS Enbek in Rudni, Kostanay Province. At the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Garanin took bronze medals in the 30 km and the 4 x 10 km relay. He later won the Vasaloppet, in 1977.

Garanin won a silver medal in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1974 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun.

Kostanay Region
Kostanay Region (Kazakh: Қостанай облысы, romanized: Qostanai oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay.  The population of the region is 835,686.  The population living in Kostanay is 207,000, which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Thomas Roderick Dew
Thomas Roderick Dew (December 5, 1802 – August 6, 1846) was a professor and public intellectual, then president of The College of William & Mary (1836–1846). Although he first achieved national stature for opposing protective tariffs, today Dew may be best known for his pro-slavery advocacy.

Southern Literary Messenger
The Southern Literary Messenger was a periodical published in Richmond, Virginia, from August 1834 to June 1864, and from 1939 to 1945. Each issue carried a subtitle of "Devoted to Every Department of Literature and the Fine Arts" or some variation thereof and included poetry, fiction, nonfiction, reviews, and historical notes. It was founded by Thomas Willis White, who served as publisher and occasional editor until his death, in 1843.

White hired Edgar Allan Poe in 1835 as a staff writer and critic. Others involved with the periodical included Matthew Fontaine Maury and Maury's kinsman Benjamin Blake Minor. Publication ended in June 1864, in part because of Richmond's involvement in the American Civil War, and was revived from 1939–1945.