hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hermann Kriege
Hermann Kriege (1820–1850) was a German American revolutionary and journalist of the first half of the 19th century.

Kriege's journalistic activities supporting socialist ideas caused him to be arrested and jailed in 1844. After serving his sentence he traveled to Bremen, then London, and finally to New York.

In New York he wrote for the Volks-Tribun, a German language newspaper active in the 1840s. Following the Revolutions of 1848 he briefly returned to Germany but left soon after for the United States again. This time he settled in Chicago, where he became editor of the newly-formed Illinois Staats-Zeitung, a position he held until 1849, when he again returned to New York.

Kriege suffered from mental illness and died in the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in 1850, at age 30.

Bloomingdale Insane Asylum
The Bloomingdale Insane Asylum (1821–1889) was an American private hospital for the care of the mentally ill, founded by New York Hospital. It was located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, where Columbia University is now located. It relocated to White Plains, New York, as the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, now known as the "NewYork-Presbyterian Westchester Behavioral Health Center."

The road leading to the asylum from the thriving city of New York (at the time consisting only of lower Manhattan) was called Bloomingdale Road in the 19th century, and is now called Broadway. The term "Bloomingdale" dates back to the era of Dutch rule in New Amsterdam, and is possibly a reference to "Bloemendaal," the name of a small village in the flower-growing region near Haarlem in the Netherlands. Bloomingdale is described as being a small village on the island, in Spafford's Gazetteer, of 1813.
Johnny Mayes
Johnny Mayes (29 April 1947 – 30 July 2025) was an Australian rugby league halfback who represented Australia in the 1975 World Cup. He also played in three consecutive premiership-winning teams from 1973 to 1975, the first for Manly-Warringah and the latter two for Eastern Suburbs.

1975 Rugby League World Cup
The 1975 Rugby League World Cup (officially known as the  1975 Rugby League World Championship) was the seventh  World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams and ran from 2 March to 12 November. Australia were the winners for a fourth time after topping the group table.

Unlike previous World Cups, there was no one host country, with the five participating nations hosting matches over eight months. Each team had to play the others on a 'home and away' basis. For the first time Great Britain did not compete and instead England and Wales entered to participate for the first time, taking advantage of a glut of Welsh talent in the British game at the time.
Oros, Sindhudurg
Oros is a town and the district headquarters of the Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra. It is also known as "Sindhudurgnagari". Most people of this region speak Malvani, a dialect of Konkani. Sindhudurgnagari is planned town of Oros Budruk. Oros budruk as it is called is connected by road National Highway 66 ( previously known as NH-17) to Mumbai, Thane, Goa, Karwar and Mangaluru. Sindhudurg railway station on Konkan Railway route is the nearest railway station. Oros houses District collector office, Zilla Parishad office, District court. and District Hospital and other state government offices. The Orus town has a few banks, petrol pumps to serve the population of town and visitors. There is a MSRTC bus stand.

Karwar
Karwar is a coastal city and the administrative headquarters of Uttara Kannada district, formerly part of the Bombay Presidency, located at the mouth of the Kali river along the Konkan Coast in the present-day state of Karnataka, India.
Jog-A-Thon
A Jog-A-Thon is a type of fund-raising event used by various schools and non-profit organizations to raise money via donations.  A survey of 1000 K through 8 principals by the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) dated March 29, 2007 indicated that 94% of them relied upon fundraisers to supplement school income.  Thus, due to the rising costs of education, Jog-A-Thons have become one fundraising method that can be used by both public and private schools.

Eighth grade
Eighth grade (also 8th grade or Grade 8) is the eighth year of formal or compulsory education in the United States. The eighth grade is the third or fourth (and typically final) year of middle school. Students in eighth grade are usually 13–14 years old. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Angus William McDonald
Angus William McDonald (February 14, 1799 – December 1, 1864) was a 19th-century American military officer and lawyer in the U.S. state of Virginia. He also served as a colonel in command of the Confederate States Army's 7th Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. McDonald was appointed to serve in a number of prominent political positions including a superintendent overseeing the construction of the Northwestern Turnpike and a commissioner representing Virginia in its boundary dispute with Maryland. McDonald was the grandson of Virginia military officer and frontiersman, Angus McDonald (1727–1778) and the father of United States Fish Commissioner Marshall McDonald (1835–1895).

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
Escalera
Escalera is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Escalera (born 1952), Puerto Rican boxer

Alfredo L. Escalera (born 1995), Puerto Rican baseball player

Carlos Escalera (born 1979), Puerto Rican baseball player

Katia Escalera, Bolivian singer

Nino Escalera (1929–2021), Puerto Rican baseball player

Rodolfo Escalera (1929–2000), Mexican-American artist

Irene Cara Escalera (1959-2022), American singer, songwriter, and actress

Rodolfo Escalera
Rodolfo "Rudy" Escalera (also known as Rodolfo Escalera Vizcaíno; June 1, 1929 – January 25, 2000) was a Mexican-American artist. Among other works, he created collectible plates for the 1984 Summer Olympics, which became "The Official Gift of the 1984 Olympics". Escalera also created a collectible plate for the 1986 World cup hosted in Mexico. Escalera's primary medium was oils on canvas. The majority of his works are based in realism as he did not like abstract painting.
Karen Cromie
Karen Elizabeth Cromie (24 September 1979 – 28 January 2011) was a Northern Irish rower, wheelchair basketball player and Paralympian. She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, where she in came fifth in the mixed double sculls, with James Roberts.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains.

Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all families of bees and most families of aculeate wasps; ants; many families of flies; many lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths); and many families of beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds with long beaks; they pollinate a number of deep-throated flowers. Humans may also carry out artificial pollination.

A pollinator is different from a pollenizer, a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process.

Geranium sylvaticum
Geranium sylvaticum, the wood cranesbill or woodland geranium, is a species of hardy flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to Europe and northern Turkey.

The Latin specific epithet sylvaticum means "of woodland", referring to the plant's native habitat, as does its common name "wood cranesbill".
1901 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Charlotte Sterry defeated Louisa Martin 6–3, 6–4 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Blanche Hillyard 6–2, 6–2 in the challenge round to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1901 Wimbledon Championships. Mme Pop was the first female competitor from France to participate in the Wimbledon Championships.

Louisa Martin
Mary Louisa "Mollie" Martin (3 September 1865 – 24 October 1941) was a tennis player from Ireland. She was considered the leading Irish female player of her time. She was active from 1884 to 1908 and contested 35 career singles finals, and won 24 titles.
Nadezhda Ulyanovskaya
Nadezhda Avksentyevna Ulyanovskaya (Russian: Надежда Авксентьевна Ульяновская; born November 6, 1966, Vologda Oblast, RSFSR, USSR) is a former Soviet and Russian football player (central defender), a football referee. The inspector of UEFA.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Bnei Brak–Ramat HaHayal railway station
Bnei Brak–Ramat HaHayal railway station is a suburban passenger railway station in Israel, operated by Israel Railways. It is located on the Yarkon Railway near the Bnei Brak–Ramat Gan and Bnei Brak–Tel Aviv borders next to the Ayalon Mall and Ramat Gan Stadium. In spite of its proximity to important industrial and commercial areas of Gush Dan as well as to residential areas of Tel Aviv, Bnei Brak is one of the less-popular stations of Israel Railways, possibly because of its misleading name and lack of awareness. As a result, in an effort to increase the public's awareness of the station, the name of the Ramat HaHayal neighborhood located to the north of the station was added to the station's name in 2016.

The station is located approximately 200 meters from the three-borders point between Bnei Brak, Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan, which is situated near the bridge of Mivtza Kadesh Street over the Yarkon River.

Yarkon River
The Yarkon River, also Yarqon River or Jarkon River (Hebrew: נחל הירקון, Nahal HaYarkon; Arabic: نهر العوجا, Nahr al-Auja), is a river in central Israel. The source of the Yarkon ("Greenish" in Hebrew) is at Tel Afek (Antipatris), north of Petah Tikva. It flows west through Gush Dan and Tel Aviv's Yarkon Park into the Mediterranean Sea. Its Arabic name, al-Auja, means "the meandering". The Yarkon is the largest coastal river in Israel, at 27.5 km in length.
BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager
BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager (UEM), formerly BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES), designates the middleware software package that is part of the BlackBerry wireless platform supplied by BlackBerry Limited.  The software plus service connects to messaging and collaboration software (MDaemon Messaging Server, Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWise) on enterprise networks to redirect emails and synchronize contacts and calendaring information between servers, desktop workstations, as well as mobile devices. Some third-party connectors exist, including Scalix, Zarafa, Zimbra, and the Google Apps BES Connector, although these are not supported by BlackBerry Limited.

Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.

The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0, it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.

Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.

Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
Carl Iverson
Carl "Duke" Iverson (June 18, 1940 – February 11, 2021) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Black Hills State University from 1983 to 1984, Western Oregon University from 1985 to 1987 and again from 2001 to 2004, and Western State College of Colorado—now known as Western Colorado University—from 1988 to 1995 and again from 1997 to 2000, compiling a career college football coaching record of 126–85–3. Prior to his retirement in 2008, Iverson returned to Western State Colorado for two seasons as offensive coordinator.

Iverson graduated from Pe Ell High School in Pe Ell, Washington before earning his B.A. in chemistry from Whitman College in 1962 and his Ph.D. in biological science from the University of Wisconsin in 1967. In the fall of 1967, he began his coaching career as an assistant at Western State College of Colorado.

Iverson died on February 11, 2021, at his home in Monmouth, Oregon.

Black Hills State University
Black Hills State University (BHSU) is a public university in Spearfish, South Dakota, United States.  Close to 4,000 students attend classes at its 123-acre (50 ha) campus in Spearfish, with a satellite campus in Rapid City which is shared with South Dakota State University, and through distance offerings. BHSU is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.
Vize
Vize (Turkish: [ˈvize]; Greek: Βιζύη; Bulgarian: Виза) is a town in Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Vize District. Its population is 15,116 (2022). The mayor is Ercan Özalp (CHP). The town's distance to the provincial centre is 56 km (35 mi). Vize is situated on state road D.020, which runs from Istanbul to Edirne via Kırklareli. In 2012 Vize was designated a Cittaslow (Slow City).

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Haddleton
Haddleton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Haddleton (1910–1971), English footballer

Billy Haddleton (1926–1990), Canadian football player

David Haddleton (born 1962), British chemist

David Haddleton
David Mark Haddleton (born 1962) is a professor in the department of chemistry at The University of Warwick. Haddleton’s work focuses on controlled polymer synthesis and the industrial applications of polymer materials. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Terminal bar (histology)
Terminal bar is a histological term given to the unresolved group of junctional complexes that attach adjacent epithelial cells on their lateral surfaces: the zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens and macula communicans.

Using light microscopy, the terminal bar appears as a bar or spot at the apical surface of the cell, wherein the structures listed cannot be resolved.  With electron microscopy, it can be visually disseminated into these structures.

The terminal bar is located on the lateral surface of epithelial cells, where the lateral surface meets the apical surface.  It should not be confused with the terminal web, which is an actinous web underlying microvilli on specialized epithelial cells.

Microvillus
Microvilli (sg.: microvillus) are microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area for diffusion and minimize any increase in volume, and are involved in a wide variety of functions, including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction.
Ambrosia tomentosa
Ambrosia tomentosa, the skeletonleaf bur ragweed, silverleaf povertyweed, or skeleton-leaf bursage, is a North American species of perennial plants in the family Asteraceae.

Skeletonleaf bur ragweed is native to the west-central part of the United States, primarily the western Great Plains, the Colorado Plateau, and eastern Great Basin. It is often found growing alongside roads and in the sandy parts of plains.

It is considered a noxious weed in several states. It is also considered a severe allergen.

Great Basin
The Great Basin (Spanish: Gran Cuenca) is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles (160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts.
Sheboygan County Asylum
The Sheboygan County Hospital for the Insane was a former care facility serving Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. Opened in 1876 in Winooski, it was replaced in 1882 with a larger facility in Sheboygan, which underwent several expansions before closing in 1940. It was succeeded by Sheboygan County Comprehensive Health Care Center in Sheboygan Falls, which operated from 1940 to 2002 and is reputedly haunted, in part because of confusion with the asylum.

Winooski, Wisconsin
Winooski was a hamlet in the Town of Lyndon in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, at 43° 42.423′ N, 87° 59.039′ W. It was named after Winooski, Vermont, home of James and Lucinda Stone, who were the town's first settlers in 1846.
Daviesia intricata
Daviesia intricata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a glabrous shrub with densely tangled branches, sharply-pointed, needle-shaped or flattened phyllodes and apricot-yellow and dark red flowers.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Dawn Tilbury
Dawn Marie Tilbury is an American control theorist whose research topics include logic control, networked control systems, robotics, human–machine systems, and autonomous vehicles. She is a professor of mechanical engineering and (by courtesy) of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, and the head of the directorate for engineering at the National Science Foundation.

Networked control system
A networked control system (NCS) is a control system wherein the control loops are closed through a communication network. The defining feature of an NCS is that control and feedback signals are exchanged among the system's components in the form of information packages through a network.
Johan Christian Ackermann
Johan Christian Ackermann (1740–1795) was a Swedish landscape architect whose work was primarily inspired by English landscape gardens.

Johan Christian Ackermann was originally from Sachsen and moved to Sweden at the age of 22. He was initially employed at the Ekolsund Castle garden. Following a dispute with his employer, he decided to open his own market garden. In 1774, he became the director of the royal gardens at Karlberg Palace. In 1785, he took leadership of the continued construction of Haga Park from his predecessor Fredrik Magnus Piper. From 1787 until 1790, his work primarily consisted of channel and islet landscape design. In 1800, Ackermann oversaw the planting of roughly 26,000 trees at each of the garden centers of Hagaparken. He was also notably employed by Samuel af Ugglas to shape the English park at Forsmark.

Forsmark
Forsmark is a village on the east coast of Uppland, Sweden. It is best known as the location of the Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant as well as being the site of the Final repository for short-lived radioactive waste. A new long term fuel storage repositiary is also being cited in Forsmark.

Another noteworthy facility in Forsmark is the static inverter of HVDC Fenno-Skan, just west of the nuclear power plant.

Because of the sensitive instruments  for detecting local leaks of radioactivity, the nuclear power plant was the first place outside the Soviet Union where signs of the Chernobyl accident were detected on April 27, 1986. When workers at the plant were found to carry radioactive particles, the origin of the leak was investigated and it eventually became clear that the contamination came from the atmosphere rather than from the Forsmark plant itself.