hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of information science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to information science:

Information science – interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. Practitioners within the field study the application and usage of knowledge in organizations, along with the interaction between people, organizations and any existing information systems, with the aim of creating, replacing, improving or understanding information systems.

Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.
Shazia Hassan
Shazia Abdul Hassan (born 10 November 1980) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played as a bowler.

Shazia made her debut in international cricket in a One Day International (ODI) against Denmark on 10 December 1997. She appeared in one Test match and four One Day Internationals for Pakistan in 1997 and 1998.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
2014 Orienteering World Cup
The 2014 Orienteering World Cup was the 20th edition of the Orienteering World Cup. The 2014 Orienteering World Cup consisted of 14 events, all individual competitions. The events were located in Turkey, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Finland, Italy and Switzerland. The European Orienteering Championships in Palmela, Portugal and the 2014 World Orienteering Championships in Venezia and Trentino, Italy were included in the World Cup.

In the women's World Cup, Daniel Hubmann of Switzerland won his fifth title in total. Tove Alexandersson of Sweden won her first overall title in the women's World Cup.

2014 World Orienteering Championships
The 31st World Orienteering Championships was held in the Trentino and Veneto regions of Italy, from 5 to 12 July 2014. It was the first time that Mixed Sprint Relay was a part of the program at a World Championships.
Palma di Montechiaro
Palma di Montechiaro (Sicilian: Parma di Muntichiaru) is a town and comune in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, southern Italy. Many Greek archaeological findings of Magna Graecia have been found near the town.

Formerly known as Palma, in 1863, Montechiaro was added to the name, in honour of the Chiaramonte family whose stronghold is close to the town.

Province of Agrigento
The province of Agrigento (Italian: provincia di Agrigento; Sicilian: pruvincia di Girgenti) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, situated on its south-western coast. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by the Free Municipal Consortium of Agrigento (Italian: libero consorzio comunale di Agrigento). As of 2025, the area has a population of 408,059 in an area of 3,052.59 square kilometres (1,178.61 sq mi) across its 43 municipalities (comuni).
Gerhard Abstreiter
Gerhard Abstreiter is a German physicist and professor of physics at Technical University of Munich (TUM), currently holding the university's highest honor, the Emeritus of Excellence and also being a distinguished visiting professor at University of California, Santa Barbara. From 1987 to 2015, he was a full professor at TUM and also, in 2010 and 2011, a distinguished visiting professor at University of Tokyo. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and acatech.

He won the Max Born Medal and Prize in 1998.

Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Munich. It appoints scholars whose research has contributed considerably to the increase of knowledge within their subject. The general goal of the academy is the promotion of interdisciplinary encounters and contacts and the cooperation of representatives of different subjects.
Qarlughids
The Qarlughids were a tribe of Turkic origin that controlled Ghazni, lands of the Bamyan, the Kurram Valley (Ghazna, Banban, and Kurraman), and established a short-lived Muslim principality and dynasty that lasted between 1236 and 1266. The Qarlughids (Karluk Turks) arrived from the north to settle in the regions of Hazarajat together with the armies of Muhammad II of Khwarezm, the Shah of Khwarezm.

Muhammad II of Khwarazm
'Alā' al-Din Muhammad II (Persian: علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه; full name: Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Sanjar ibn Tekish) was the Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 3 August 1200 to 11 January 1221. His ancestor was Anushtegin Gharchai, a Turkic Ghulam who eventually became a viceroy of a small province in Central Asia named Khwarazm. He was subjected to the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, which resulted in the utter destruction of his empire.
The Star Spangled Banner (album)
The Star Spangled Banner is the twentieth studio album by Pat Boone, released in 1963 on Dot Records.

Billboard picked the album for its "Spotlight" section. "Leading off with the National Anthem, the program includes a group of memorable patriotic songs and songs of the various Armed Forces — 'Marines Hymn,' 'Anchors Aweigh,' 'The U.S. Air Force,' among them," informs the magazine. "Although this current approach is a far cry from [Pat Boone's] "Tutti Frutti" days, it's the kind of thing which could suddenly catch on," opines the reviewer.

Anchors Aweigh
Anchors Aweigh is the fight song of the United States Naval Academy and unofficial march song of the United States Navy. It was composed in 1906 by Charles A. Zimmermann with lyrics by Alfred Hart Miles. When he composed Anchors Aweigh, Zimmermann was a lieutenant and had been bandmaster of the United States Naval Academy Band since 1887. Miles was midshipman first class at the academy, in the class of 1907, and had asked Zimmermann to assist him in composing a song for that class, to be used as a football march. Another academy midshipman, Royal Lovell (class of 1926), later wrote what would be adopted into the song as its third verse. Another member of the Naval Academy Band, Willy Perlitz Jr., assisting in writing the music for the different instruments used in Anchors Aweigh.
So Fresh: The Hits of Spring 2008
So Fresh: The Hits of Spring 2008 is a compilation of twenty tracks by various artists which were popular on the ARIA Charts of Australia in mid-2008 and is part of the ongoing So Fresh series. Along with the audio disc, it included a DVD containing music videos for ten tracks, and was released on 13 September 2008.

Shake It
"Shake It" is a song by American pop rock band Metro Station, released on April 1, 2008, as the third single from their 2007 self-titled debut studio album. It was also released as their debut single in the UK on March 23, 2009.

"Shake It" was the band's first charting single, peaking at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Internationally, the song peaked within the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 13, 2008, and later platinum that year, until finally reaching 2× platinum status at the end of January 2009. The song has sold over 1.2 million copies in the US and over 4 million copies worldwide.
Société des Missions-Étrangères du Québec
The Society of Foreign Missions (French: Société des Missions-Étrangères du Québec) is a missionary Roman Catholic Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right for men. It is devoted to missions mainly in Latin America and the Far East. It was founded in 1921 in Quebec, Canada. Members add the nominal letters P.M.E. after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation.

Apostolic Vicariate of Pucallpa
The Apostolic Vicariate of Pucallpa (Latin: Apostolicus Vicariatus Pucallpaënsis) is a Latin Church Apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church in Peru. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of any ecclesiastical province.

Its cathedral is Catedral de la Inmaculada Concepción (dedicated to the Immaculate Conception), located in the episcopal see of Pucallpa in Coronel Portillo Province. It is the capital of that of the wider Ucayali region, in Peru's inland Amazon rainforest.
Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane
Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane is a chemical compound used in organic syntheses. It contains a phosphorus atom bound to three phenyl groups, and doubly bound to the alpha position of methyl acetate. It undergoes a Wittig reaction. It is used in the Vitamin B12 total synthesis.

Methyl acetate
Methyl acetate, also known as MeOAc, acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a carboxylate ester with the formula CH3COOCH3. It is a flammable liquid with a characteristically pleasant smell reminiscent of some glues and nail polish removers.   Methyl acetate is occasionally used as a solvent, being weakly polar and lipophilic, but its close relative ethyl acetate is a more common solvent, being less toxic and less soluble in water.   Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25% in water at room temperature.  At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher.  Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or aqueous acids. Methyl acetate is not regulated as a volatile organic compound in the USA.
Aire de Santa Fe
Aire de Santa Fe is an Argentine radio station that transmits from the City of Santa Fe, Argentina on the FM 91.1 frequency and broadcasts on more than five stations through its network of radios located in the Santa Fe cities of Helvecia, Rafaela, San Javier, San Justo and Sunchales, as well as in the city of Paraná in Argentina It is owned by the businessman and journalist Luis Mino.

Paraná, Entre Ríos
Paraná (Spanish pronunciation: [paɾaˈna]) is the capital city of the Argentine province Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe, capital of the neighbouring Santa Fe Province. The city has a population of 268,889 inhabitants within its urban area. Greater Paraná has a population of 312,713 inhabitants. (2022 census [INDEC]) Its original name was Bajada (landing).
Ateed
Ateed is a German singer, born to a Turkish Western Thracian mother and Iranian father. She has only recorded songs in English, and is probably best known for singing the songs, "Come to Me" and "I Want It All", on the Pringles advertisements.

"Come to Me" peaked at No.56 in the UK Singles Chart in October 2003.

Pringles
Pringles is an American brand of stackable potato-based chips invented by Procter & Gamble (P&G) in 1968 and marketed as "Pringle's Newfangled Potato Chips". Pringles are technically considered an extruded snack because of the manufacturing process. The brand was sold in 2012 to Kellanova, but in 2024, Kellanova, Kellogg's parent company, agreed to be purchased by Mars Inc.

As of 2011, Pringles were sold in more than 140 countries. In 2012, Pringles were the fourth most popular snack brand after Lay's, Doritos, and Cheetos (all manufactured by Frito-Lay), with 2.2% market share globally.

Pringles are made from a mixture of dried potatoes, starches, flours, salts and seasonings. The dough is shaped into a 'hyperbolic paraboloid' form, then fried, seasoned and placed into a cylindrical can.
2012 AFF Futsal Championship
The 2012 AFF Futsal Championship was the ninth edition of the tournament which was held in Bangkok, Thailand from 19 to 27 April 2012. It was originally scheduled for the 17 to 27 April but was moved back by two days at the request of the Timor-Leste Football Federation due to the majority of their players coming from the Police Force who are required to vote in the local elections, and would not be able to leave the country without doing so. All member nations of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) have entered except for Singapore.

Due to certain logistical complications, all matches were played at the Chanchai Acadium, after initially having a schedule of concurrent matches at Kiraves Indoor Stadium, Thai-Japanese Stadium.

Football Federation of Timor-Leste
The Football Federation of Timor-Leste (Portuguese: Federação de Futebol de Timor-Leste - FFTL) is the governing body of football in Timor-Leste.

In 2016 Timor-Leste run their own league under supervision of and Secretary of State for Youth and Sport. The name of the league is Liga Futebol Amadora do Timor-Leste (lit. 'Amateur Football League of East Timor').
Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit (Cambridge)
Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit is an oil on panel painting of Teresa of Avila by Peter Paul Rubens, executed c. 1614, now in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, to which it was allocated by the UK Government in 1999 after being accepted in lieu of inheritance tax. It is one of three versions Rubens produced of the subject, the others are in Rotterdam and a private collection.

The Cambridge work is portrayed in the background of David Teniers the Younger's studio in his Studio of a Painter around 1650 and Pierre van Schuppen produced a print after it around the same time It was later owned by the Prince de Ligne, from whose collection it was sold in Paris in 1843. It appeared in two other auctions in the 19th century, but its whereabouts were unknown as of 1973

Pieter van Schuppen
Pieter van Schuppen, known in France also as Pierre Louis van Schuppen (Antwerp, 5 September 1627 – Paris, 7 March 1702) was a Flemish painter and engraver who was mainly active in France, where he enjoyed a reputation for his portrait prints.
Gerardo Sánchez García
Gerardo Sánchez García (born 1 October 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Between 1995 and 1997 he served as the municipal president of his home town, Salvatierra, Guanajuato.
He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions:
in the 1997 mid-terms (57th Congress), for Guanajuato's 15th district;
and in the 2009 mid-terms (61st Congress), as a plurinominal deputy for the 2nd region.

In the 2012 general election, he was elected to the Senate from the PRI's national list. He served from 2012 to 2018, during the 62nd and 63rd congressional sessions.

LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 63rd session of the Congress of Mexico, was made up of senators and deputies that are members of their respective chambers. It convened on September 1, 2015, and concluded on August 31, 2018. It was succeeded by the LXIV Legislature in 2018.

Senators were elected to office in the 2012 election for a period of six years and therefore exercised their position also in the previous legislature; the deputies, elected in the 2015 election, only held office in the current legislature.
Varblane
Varblane is an Estonian surname meaning sparrow.

The surname and its variants, Warblanne, Warblene, Wärblane, were given to villagers at the beginning of the 19th century after the serfdom was abolished in Estonia. Before that Estonian peasants did not have surnames. Since the surname is of Estonian origin, it did not undergo the change during the Estonization campaign in the interwar period.

Notable people with the surname include:

Indrek Varblane (born 1958), Estonian volleyball player

Hannes Varblane (1949–2022), Estonian poet

Lembitu Varblane (1923–2013), Estonian teacher

Mihkel Varblane (born 1999), Estonian volleyball player

Reet Varblane (1952–2023), Estonian art historian

Urmas Varblane (born 1961), Estonian economist

Indrek Varblane
Indrek Varblane (born 5 May 1968) is an Estonian basketball player.

He was born in Tallinn. He has studied at Estonian Sports Gymnasium (TSIK).

He began his basketball career at the age of 15, coached by Pearn Pressraud. Later his coaches were Üllar Kerde and Jaanus Levkoi. He has played in the clubs Asto-Basket, BC Tallinn, Baltika, BC Nybit and Pirita BM. He has been a member of Estonia men's national basketball team.
Burkhalter
Burkhalter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Blake Burkhalter (born 2000), American baseball player

Christine Burkhalter (born 1977), Swiss sport shooter

Didier Burkhalter (born 1960), Swiss politician from Neuchâtel; member of the Swiss National Council 2003–07, member of the Swiss Federal Council 2009-

Dominik Burkhalter (born 1975), Swiss jazz band leader, composer, and drummer

Edward A. Burkhalter (1928–2020), American retired naval officer; Chief of Naval Intelligence and other high staff posts

Everett G. Burkhalter (1897–1975), American politician from California; 1963–65

Joscha Burkhalter (born 1996), Swiss biathlete

Larry E. Burkhalter (born 1950), American politician

René Burkhalter (1934–2024), Swiss fencing commissioner; recipient of the Olympic Order by the IOC

Fictional characters:

General Albert Hans Burkhalter from Hogan's Heroes

Christine Burkhalter
Christine Burkhalter is a Swiss practical sport shooter who took silver medal at the 2014 IPSC Handgun World Shoot in the Production division Lady category, and gold in the 2016 IPSC European Handgun Championship Standard division Lady category. Christine also has four Swiss National Lady Production titles (2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015) and one Swiss National Lady Standard title (2016).
Boris Zaitchouk
Boris Pavlovich Zaitchouk (Russian: Борис Павлович Зайчук; born August 28, 1947, in Kazakhstan) (Used earlier alternative English spelling is Boris Zaichuk) is a male hammer thrower from the Soviet Union. He was the world record holder for nearly one month in 1978, when he became the first man ever to throw 80 meters. During the 2007 World Masters Athletics Championships in Riccione, Italy, Zaitchouk (throwing for Canada) threw 61.96 meters, a new world record in the M60 class. Zaitchouk lives in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and as of 2021 is still active in throwing (at the Master level) and coaching.

World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many.
Squire Creek Country Club
The Squire Creek Country Club is a private, members-only country club located in Choudrant, Louisiana, five miles northeast of Ruston. Squire Creek features an 18-hole championship golf course designed by Tom Fazio. Squire Creek is the home golf course for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs golf team.

Tom Fazio
Thomas Fazio (born February 10, 1945) is an American golf course architect.

Fazio graduated in 1962 from Lansdale Catholic High School and was inducted into its hall of fame in 2007. He began his career in golf course design with his family's firm in suburban Philadelphia, which he left in the 1960s; he established his own firm in Jupiter, Florida in 1972. He is the nephew of George Fazio, who often credited Tom with jump-starting his own career in golf course architecture.

Fazio has designed more than 200 courses, 46 of which have been ranked by Golf Digest in their greatest 200 courses in the United States. His individual honors include "Best Modern Day Golf Course Architect", which he received from Golf Digest three times. In 1995, Fazio became the second course architect to receive the Old Tom Morris Award—the highest recognition awarded by the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 99
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 99 (P. Oxy. 99 or P. Oxy. I 99) concerns the sale of half a house, written in Greek.  It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet The document was written on 4 September 55. Currently it is housed at the British Library (756) in London.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Spiez
Spiez (German pronunciation: ['ʃpiət͡s]) is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is part of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. Besides the town of Spiez, the municipality also includes the settlements of Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee, and Spiezwiler.

The official language of Spiez is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)
Frutigen-Niedersimmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Oberland administrative region. It contains 13 municipalities with an area of 773.93 km2 (298.82 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2008) of 38,871.
Ralston Farina
Ralston Farina (1945–1985, born Steven Robert Snyder), was an artist associated with the downtown performance art scene of Manhattan from the 1960s to the 1980s, and who created performances centered around the experience and philosophy of time, including audience-responsive techniques.

He formulated a concept for his performance and aesthetic philosophy called "Time // Time," influenced by peers like Laurie Anderson and Scott Burton, and encouraged by John Cage. Cage, who Farina maintained a correspondence with, was known for making compositions such as 4′33″ that dealt with time as a medium, and for popularizing the idea of chance-operations among fine artists. Other influences on Farina's conception of time included philosophers Henri Bergson, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Edmund Husserl.

He sometimes referred to his work as  "Zeitkunst", "Time Art" or "Time Time". For most of his career, Farina forbade documentation of his work, afraid that his methods would be stolen.

Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (/ˈbɜːrɡsən, ˈbɛərɡ-/; French: [bɛʁksɔn]; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme.

Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality. Bergson was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented". In 1930, France awarded him its highest honour, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. Bergson's great popularity created a controversy in France, where his views were seen as opposing the "secular and scientific" attitude adopted by the Republic's officials.