hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gendered associations of pink and blue
The colors pink and blue are associated with girls and boys respectively in large parts of the Western world.

Originating as a trend in the mid-19th century and applying primarily to clothing, gendered associations with pink and blue became more widespread from the 1950s onward. Since the 1990s, these gendered associations have also increasingly applied to toys as well, especially in the case of pink toys for girls. Additionally, a pink ribbon is a symbol of breast cancer awareness, and the two colors are often used at gender reveal parties.

Various academic and popular sources have reported either a "pink–blue reversal", wherein the gendered associations of both colors were "flipped" sometime during the 20th century, or at least an inconsistency in the gendered application of colors prior to the mid-twentieth century, with several publications from the late 1800s to the early 1900s asserting pink being preferred for boys and blue for girls.

Fad
A fad, trend, or craze is any form of collective behavior that develops within a culture, a generation, or social group in which a group of people enthusiastically follow an impulse for a short time period.

Fads are products or behaviors that achieve short-lived popularity but fade away. Fads are often seen as sudden, quick-spreading, and short-lived events. Fads include diets, clothing, hairstyles, toys, and more. Some fads in the last hundred years include toys such as yo-yos, and hula hoops, and fad dances such as the Macarena, floss and the twist.

Similar to habits or customs but less durable, fads often result from an activity or behavior being perceived as popular or exciting within a peer group, or being deemed "cool" as often promoted by social networks. A fad is said to "catch on" when the number of people adopting it begins to increase to the point of being noteworthy or going viral. Fads often fade quickly when the perception of novelty is gone.
Hortus Sanitatis
The Hortus Sanitatis (also written Ortus; Latin for The Garden of Health), a Latin natural history encyclopaedia, was published by Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz, Germany in 1491.

It describes species in the natural world along with their medicinal uses and modes of preparation. It followed the Latin Herbarius moguntinus (1484) and the German Gart der Gesundheit (1485), that Peter Schöffer had published in Mainz. Unlike these earlier works, besides dealing with herbs, the Hortus sanitatis deals with animals, birds, fish and stones too. Moreover the author does not restrict himself to dealing only with real creatures, but also includes accounts of mythical animals such as the dragon, harpy, hydra, myrmecoleon, phoenix, and zitiron.

Hieronymus Brunschwig
Hieronymus Brunschwig or Hieronymus Brunschwygk (c. 1450 – c. 1512) was a German surgeon ("Wundarzt"), alchemist and botanist. He was notable for his methods of treatment of gunshot wounds and for his early work on distillation techniques. His most influential book was the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus (also called Kleines Destillierbuch).
Ricardo Hernández
Ricardo Hernández (born January 23, 1988) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player.

He signed as an amateur free agent with the Florida Marlins in 2006. After a year in the Venezuelan Summer League and another in the Dominican Summer League he moved to the U.S. and played for the Gulf Coast Marlins in 2008 and the Jupiter Hammerheads in 2009. He moved to Spain and joined the División de Honor de Béisbol. After winning the league championship in 2011 (with a record of 15-0 and a 0.82 ERA in 17 games) he jumped to the Italian Baseball League in 2012 to play for Danesi Nettuno.

He played for the Spain national baseball team in the  2013 World Baseball Classic and the 2019 European Baseball Championship. He then played for the team at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament, in Italy in September 2019.

División de Honor de Béisbol
The Spanish Baseball League (formerly Division de Honor de Béisbol) is the highest level of baseball in Spain. The league is overseen by the Royal Spanish Baseball and Softball Federation (RFEBS). It is played principally on weekends. The teams play against each other twice, once at home and once away, in two games during the same day. The champion plays in the European Cup. The official ball of the league is the Rawlings OLB.

In 2025, the league was rebranded as Liga Nacional División de Honor Oro.
Sayama pond
Sayama pond (狭山池, Sayama-ike) is an artificial reservoir located in the city of Ōsakasayama, Osaka Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. Constructed around the 6th century, it claims to be the oldest in Japan, based on chronological survey of potteries near the lake confirmed that the pond was completed in 7th century. The pond was designated a National Historic Site in 1946,  and is listed as World Heritage Irrigation Structure by International Commission of Irrigation and Drainage.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Joy Nwosu Lo-Bamijoko
Joy Ifeoma Nroli Nwosu Lo-Bamijoko (born 27 August 1940) is a Nigerian ethnomusicologist, choral conductor, music critic and soprano. A music teacher at the University of Lagos, she promoted Bel canto performances in Nigeria to develop interest in the opera and Italian style of singing. She has performed over 50 solo or group concerts in Nigeria and a few other countries.

In 1968, she published the book Cinema e Africa for Aracne editrice, a piece about Africans in Cinema.

University of Lagos
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) is a public research university located in Lagos, Nigeria, which was founded in 1962. UNILAG is one of the first generation universities in Nigeria and is ranked among the top universities in Africa in major education publications. The university presently has three campuses in the mainland of Lagos. Whereas two of its campuses are located at Yaba (the main campus in Akoka and the recently created campus at the former school of radiography), its college of medicine is located at Idi-Araba, Surulere. Its main campus is largely surrounded by the Lagos Lagoon and has 802 acres of land. As of 2024, the University of Lagos admits around 8,500 undergraduate students annually and enrolls over 57,000 students.
Climate Code Red
Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action  is a 2008 book which presents scientific evidence that the global warming crisis is worse than official reports and national governments have so far indicated. The book argues humanity is facing a sustainability emergency that requires a clear break from business-as-usual politics. The authors explain that emergency action to address climate change is not so much a radical idea as an indispensable course to embark upon. It  draws heavily on the work of many climate scientists, including James E. Hansen.

James Hansen
James Edward Hansen (born March 29, 1941) is an American climatologist. He is an adjunct professor directing the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is best known for his research in climatology, his 1988 Congressional testimony on climate change that helped raise broad awareness of global warming, and his advocacy of action to avoid dangerous climate change. In recent years, he has become a climate activist to mitigate the effects of global warming, on a few occasions leading to his arrest.

In 2000, Hansen had proposed an alternative scenario for combating the threat of global warming by focusing on reducing non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs). His estimates of global climate had found that non-CO2 GHGs (such as methane) caused more observed global warming than carbon dioxide. However, he pointed out that CO2 would become the dominant climate forcing, if global emissions continued to rise.
Alec Brown
Alec Thomas Brown (born July 23, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Taoyuan Pauian Pilots of the P. League+. He played college basketball at the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay. Brown was drafted 50th overall in the 2014 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns, though he never appeared in a game with the team. Brown subsequently played for the NBA G League franchises of the Suns and Chicago Bulls before playing in Europe.

BC Budivelnyk
BC Budivelnyk Kyiv (in Ukrainian: Будівельник Київ) is a Ukrainian professional basketball club based in Kyiv. The club plays in the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. In June 2018, it was forced to withdraw from the Superleague due to open debts. Two years later, the club returned its activities. The club holds a record eleven Ukrainian championships and three Ukrainian Cups, as well as a Soviet championship (1989).

Budivelnyk is owned and operated by the banking and investing company PrivatBank.
1999 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship
The 1999 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 24–28, 1999 at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the first WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships events held in 1999.

Jeff Maggert won his first World Golf Championships event at the match-play, by defeating Andrew Magee on the 38th hole in the 36 hole final that went extra holes.

Omni La Costa Resort & Spa
Omni La Costa Resort & Spa is a luxury resort hotel in Carlsbad, California. It opened in 1965. The resort is known for its golf courses; it commonly hosts professional golf and tennis tournaments. Tournaments at the resort were hosted starting in the late 1960s, including many PGA Tour events and tennis events such as the Southern California Open. Omni La Costa Resort & Spa is a member of Historic Hotels of America and has hosted the La Costa Film Festival. It is owned by Omni Hotels & Resorts, which is based in Dallas, Texas.
Blythefield Country Club
Blythefield Country Club is a private country club and golf course in the central United States, located in Belmont, Michigan, a suburb northeast of Grand Rapids. Founded in 1928, the par-72 golf course opened the following June and measures 6,859 yards (6,272 m) from the back tees.

Blythefield has hosted the Meijer LPGA Classic on the LPGA Tour since its debut in 2014, and was the site of the Western Open on the PGA Tour in 1961, won by Arnold Palmer, two strokes ahead of Sam Snead.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Victoria Clamp
Victoria Clamp, also known as Victoria Palagy is an American musician, best known as a vocalist in Tom Tom Club, led by Chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth. She is also the lead singer of the band BlondeStreak.

Victoria graduated at Northcentral University in 2014

Northcentral University
Northcentral University was a private online university with its headquarters in San Diego, California. It was established in 1996 and is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities"; it offers bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees. NCU was acquired by the National University System in 2019.

In 2022 Northcentral University merged into National University, with Northcentral academic programs continuing as National programs.
Kesey Square
Kesey Square, formerly known as Broadway Plaza, is a public square at the southeast corner of Broadway and Willamette Street in downtown Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. The square was renamed to commemorate novelist and countercultural figure Ken Kesey in October 2017.

Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior are opposed to those of the current mainstream society, and sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.

Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted primarily of Hippies and Flower Children (c. 1965–1973, peaking in 1967–1970). Regarding  this last  group, when referring to themselves, counterculture will usually be capitalized and is often hyphenated as: Counter-Culture or Counter-culture.
Peltophryne fluviatica
Peltophryne fluviatica, also known as the Dominican Caribbean toad or Hispaniolan crestless toad, is a species of toad endemic to the Cibao Valley in the northwestern Dominican Republic. It has only been recorded at two localities.

Cibao
The Cibao (Spanish pronunciation: [siˈβa.o] sib-OW), usually referred as El Cibao, is a cultural and administrative region of the Dominican Republic located in the northern part of the country. As of 2017, the Cibao region has a population of 
3,450,875 million, making it the second most populous region in the country.

The region has its own cultural identity, it forms a "macroregion of development"; with a large industrial base and high levels of progress among its inhabitants, it has high levels of education and the highest quality of life among the three main regions of the Dominican Republic. The Cibao is characterized socioculturally by the overwhelming predominance of the European legacy, (predominantly Spanish and French) and economically by being the most prosperous region of the country.
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (German: Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria. It is divided into 15 classes and is the highest award in the Austrian national honours system.

Monarchy of Belgium
The monarchy of Belgium is the constitutional and hereditary institution of the monarchical head of state of the Kingdom of Belgium. As a popular monarchy, the Belgian monarch uses the title king/queen of the Belgians and serves as the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the Belgian Armed Forces.

There have been seven Belgian monarchs since independence in 1830. The incumbent, Philippe, ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following the abdication of his father Albert II.
Jakob Westholm
Jakob Westholm (11 May 1877 in Palmse Parish (now Haljala Parish), Kreis Wierland – 9 March 1935 in Tallinn) was an Estonian educator and politician. He was a member of the I, II, III and IV Riigikogu, representing the Estonian People's Party.

He was not an original member of I Riigikogu, but was chosen in order to replace Adam Bachmann. Westholm, a teacher and headmaster, founded the Jakob Westholm Gymnasium as a private school for boys in Tallinn in 1907. The school is now a co-educational primary and secondary school and still bears his name. Westholm was instrumental in helping to create the legal and foundational basis of the Estonian education system.

1st Riigikogu
The 1st Riigikogu was the first legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1920 elections (held on 27–29 November 1920). It sat between 20 December 1920 and 30 May 1923, before the next round of elections were held.
Antoine Fauchery
Antoine Julien Nicolas Fauchery (15 November 1823 – 1861) was a French adventurer, writer and photographer with republican sympathies. He participated in the national uprising in Poland in 1848 (Greater Poland Uprising), opened a photographic studio in Melbourne, Australia, in 1858, and was commissioned to accompany the French forces as they progressed to Beijing during the last stage of the Second Opium War in 1860. He wrote thirteen long dispatches from the front-line for le Moniteur, the official French government newspaper. He died in Yokohama of dysentery.

Greater Poland Uprising (1848)
The Greater Poland uprising of 1848 or Poznań Uprising (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1848 roku / powstanie poznańskie) was an unsuccessful military insurrection of Poles against forces of the Kingdom of Prussia, during the Revolutions of 1848. The main fighting in the Prussian Partition of Poland was concentrated in the Greater Poland region but some fighting also occurred in Pomerelia. In addition, protests were also held in Polish inhabited regions of Silesia.
Turkic literature
Turkic literature refers to the literature in any of the Turkic languages:

Azerbaijani literature

Bashkir literature

Kazakh literature

Kyrgyz literature

Tatar literature

Turkish literature

Turkmen literature

Uyghur literature

Uzbek literature

Kazakh literature
Kazakh literature is defined as 'the body of literature, both oral and written, produced in the Kazakh language by the Kazakh people of Central Asia'.

Kazakh literature expands from the current territory of Kazakhstan, also including the era of Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazakh recognized territory under the Russian Empire and the Kazakh Khanate. There is some overlap with several complementary themes, including the literature of Turkic tribes that inhabited Kazakhstan over the course of the history and literature written by ethnic Kazakhs.
Roxane
Roxane may be:

Another spelling of the female given name Roxanne

Roxane, a brand name of the drug roxatidine

317 Roxane, an asteroid

Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great

Roxane, the lover of Cyrano de Bergerac

Roxane (sailing boat), a 30 ft lugger yacht, designed by Nigel Irens

317 Roxane
317 Roxane is an asteroid from the asteroid belt approximately 19 km in diameter. It was discovered by Auguste Charlois from Nice on 11 September 1891. The name was chosen by F. Bidschof, an assistant at the Vienna Observatory, at Charlois' request; Bidschof chose to name it after Roxana, the wife of Alexander the Great, and at first used the spelling "Roxana".

In 2008, a team identified Roxane as the closest known spectroscopic match for the Peña Blanca Spring meteorite that landed in a swimming pool in Texas in 1946. There is a possibility, therefore, that 317 Roxane is from the same parent object as this meteorite.
Celldömölk District
Celldömölk (Hungarian: Celldömölki járás) is a district in eastern part of Vas County. Celldömölk is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Western Transdanubia Statistical Region.

Celldömölk
Celldömölk (German: Kleinmariazell) is the fifth largest town in Vas County, Hungary. Parts of the Eragon movie were filmed here. The town with 11,000 inhabitants can be found in the centre of Kemenesalja Hills.
Cushan
The Hebrew Old Testament name Cushan is probably a poetic or prolonged name of the land of Cush, the Arabian Cush (Habakkuk 3:7). Some have, however, supposed this to be the same as Chushan-Rishathaim (Judges 3:8–10), i.e., taking the latter part of the name as a title or local appellation, Chushan “of the two iniquities” (= oppressing Israel, and provoking them to idolatry), a Mesopotamian king, identified by Rawlinson with Ashur-resh-ishi I (the father of Tiglath Pileser I.); but incorrectly, for the empire of Assyria was not yet founded. He held Israel in bondage for eight years.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Cushan". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.

Ashur-resh-ishi I
Aššur-rēša-iši I, inscribed maš-šur-SAG-i-ši (meaning "Aššur has lifted my head") ruled 1132–1115 BC, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, was a king of the  Middle Assyrian Empire, and the 86th ruler to appear on the Assyrian King List and ruled for 18 years. The Synchronistic King List and its fragmentary copies give him as a contemporary of the Babylonian kings Ninurta-nādin-šumi, Nebuchadnezzar I and Enlil-nādin-apli, although the last of these is unlikely per the commonly accepted chronology.
Aristodemus of Elis
Aristodemus (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόδημος) of Elis was an ancient Greek writer who was referred to by Harpocration as an authority respecting the number of the Hellanodikai. He is probably the same writer as the one mentioned by Tertullian and Eusebius.

An "Aristodemus" is mentioned by Athenaeus as the author of a commentary on Pindar, and is often referred to in the Scholia on Pindar, but whether this Aristodemus is the one from Elis or Aristodemus of Nysa or another Aristodemus entirely is unknown.

Scholia
Scholia (sg.: scholium or scholion, from Ancient Greek: σχόλιον, "comment", "interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC.
Carthage Senior High School
There is more than one Carthage Senior High School:

Carthage Senior High School (Carthage, Missouri)

Carthage Senior High School (Carthage, New York)

Carthage High School (Carthage, Texas)

Carthage High School (Carthage, Illinois) - now deactivated and a component of the consolidated Illini West High School

Carthage Senior High School (Carthage, Missouri)
Carthage High School is a public high school located in Carthage, Missouri, United States. It is a part of the Carthage R-IX School District.

The district (of which this is the sole comprehensive high school) includes Carthage, Brooklyn Heights, Fidelity, and the southern portion of Carytown.