hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Gambia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
The Gambia competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. The Queen's baton traveled to the Gambia as part of the Queen's Baton Relay in anticipation of the games. The 2008 Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly was hosted by Gambia, hosting members from the Commonwealth Games Associations. It sent 17 players.

King's Baton Relay
The King's Baton Relay is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The baton carries a message from the Head of the Commonwealth, currently King Charles III. The relay traditionally begins at Buckingham Palace in London, where the King entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the opening ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the torch back to the King or his representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games. The King's Baton Relay is similar to the Olympic Torch Relay.

Started as the Queen's Baton Relay for the 1958 Games, the relay has been included in every games ever since. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022, King Charles III became the Head of the Commonwealth, leading to the relay being renamed as the King's Baton Relay for the 2026 Commonwealth Games.
Żonqor Tower
Żonqor Tower (Maltese: Torri taż-Żonqor), originally known as Torre di Zoncol, was a small watchtower near Żonqor Point, within the limits of the seaside town of Marsaskala, Malta. It was built in 1659 as the eleventh of the De Redin towers, on or near the site of a medieval watch post. The tower commanded the entrance to Marsaskala Bay along with Saint Thomas Tower. It was demolished by the British military in 1915 to clear the line of fire of modern fortifications.

A World War II-era pillbox now stands on the site of Żonqor Tower.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
2025 UCI Women's World Tour
The 2025 UCI Women's World Tour was a competition with twenty-seven road cycling events throughout the 2025 women's cycling season. The competition began with the Women's Tour Down Under from 17 to 19 January, and finished with the Tour of Guangxi on 19 October. It was the tenth edition of the UCI Women's World Tour – launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2016 – but for the first time was not a ranking competition in its own right, with the rankings having been removed from the UCI's Road Race regulations.

At the end of the season, Dutch rider Demi Vollering of FDJ–Suez led the overall road world rankings ahead of Dutch rider Lorena Wiebes of Team SD Worx–Protime (who won five World Tour events, the most of any rider) and Swiss rider Marlen Reusser of Movistar Team.

Demi Vollering
Adriana Geertruida "Demi" Vollering (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːmi ˈvɔlərɪŋ]; born 15 November 1996) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist who rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam FDJ–Suez. Considered one of the greatest riders of her generation, she has achieved major successes in both one-day classics and stage races.

In the monuments, she has won two editions of Liège–Bastogne–Liège, in 2021 and 2023. The latter completed an "Ardennes triple" of winning the Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège in the same season, becoming only the second woman in history to achieve this feat. She won the Tour de France Femmes in 2023 and has twice won the general classification at La Vuelta Femenina, in 2024 and 2025.

In 2023 and 2025, she topped the year-end UCI world rankings, winning the prestigious Vélo d'Or in 2023.
Carriel Sur International Airport
Carriel Sur International Airport (IATA: CCP, ICAO: SCIE) is located in Talcahuano, Greater Concepción in the Bío Bío Region, 8 km (5 mi) from Concepción downtown. It is one of the largest airports in Chile and serves domestic traffic for LATAM Airlines, JetSmart and Sky Airline. It also serves as a primary alternate airport for Arturo Merino Benitez Airport, usually receiving international traffic from Santiago when that airport closes due to weather.

JetSmart
JetSMART Airlines SpA, stylized as JetSMART, is a Chilean ultra low-cost carrier controlled by US investment fund Indigo Partners, which also controls low-cost carriers like Frontier Airlines, Mexico's Volaris and Hungary's Wizz Air. JetSmart's primary base of operations is Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, servicing Santiago, Chile. It also owns and manages JetSmart Argentina, an Argentine subsidiary with a base at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in Buenos Aires. The airline commenced scheduled operations on 25 July 2017 with a service from Santiago to Calama. Its CEO and founder is Estuardo Ortiz Porras.
Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats
The Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats is a British animal sanctuary and charitable organisation devoted to goat welfare and rescue. The charity, which is based in Maidstone, Kent, England, was established in 2003. It is the only goat charity in the whole of the UK.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Jacques Danka Longa
Jacques Danka Longa (born 26 July 1961) is the third and current Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kara, Togo.

Born in Sokodé, he studied physics at the University of Lomé before entering the Grand séminaire Saint-Gall de Ouidah, Benin, where he obtained a baccalaureat in theology. Following his ordination to the priesthood on 25 January 1992, he was appointed spiritual director and lecturer at the Séminaire interdiocésain Saint-Paul de Notsé in the Diocese of Kpalimé. 
After this, he continued his studies in theology at the Pontifical Urban University, Rome where he specialised in Canon Law. In 2003, he was named rector of the Grand séminaire interdiocésain Jean-Paul II, Lomé.

He was appointed and ordained coadjutor bishop of Kara in 2008 and bishop of Kara in 2009, following the resignation of his predecessor Ignace Baguibassa Sambar-Talkena.

University of Lomé
The University of Lomé (French: Université de Lomé; abbreviated UL) is a public university in Togo, located in the capital Lomé. It is the country's largest university. It was founded in 1970 as the University of Benin (French: Université du Bénin) and adopted its current name in 2001.
Badriya Albadri
Badriya al-Badri is an Omani author. She was born in Muscat in 1975.

She writes in a variety of genres: classical and contemporary Arabic poetry, fiction for adults and children, writings for magazines and TV. Her work has appeared in many Arabic-language outlets. She is a long-time contributor to the children's magazine Murshid, and she is also a scriptwriter for children's TV.

Al-Badri took part in the IPAF Nadwa literary workshop in 2017. In 2024, her novel Foumbi was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize. She has also won a number of literary prizes for her work.

In translation, her writing has appeared in Arablit Quarterly and Writers Without Borders. Her novel The Last Crossing was translated into English by Katherine Van De Vate and came out in 2024.

International Prize for Arabic Fiction Nadwa
The International Prize for Arabic Fiction Nadwa is an annual writers' workshop for young writers from the Arab world. Held under the aegis of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (itself funded by the Emirates Foundation in Abu Dhabi), the nadwa is the first such workshop for Arab writers and has been an annual event since 2009.

The  nadwa (Arabic: ندوة; 'assembly', 'symposium') benefits from the patronage of the Emirati prince Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, and takes place at the Qasr Al Sarab resort in Abu Dhabi.

The small group of emerging writers is accompanied and assisted by two established authors who work as their "mentors". The literary output of the first workshop was collected and published in a volume called Emerging Arab Voices (Saqi Books, London 2011).

The coordinator of the nadwa was Dr Peter Clark in 2009 and 2010 and Fleur Montanaro in 2011.
Paris by Night 64
Paris By Night 64: Đêm Văn Nghệ Thính Phòng is a Paris By Night program produced by Thúy Nga that was filmed at the Knott's Berry Farm, California in 2002. The MC's were Nguyễn Ngọc Ngạn and Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên. To keep the show formal, this episode did not have a comedy skit, a "Hài Kịch."

Besides the regular variety programs, Thúy Nga is also well known for producing several programs that honor the famous Vietnamese composers.  In the past, each of these respective programs would usually be dedicated to only one composer.  However, Paris By Night 64: Đêm Văn Nghệ Thính Phòng initiates a new tradition as it features three composers together in one program.  The program was dedicated to three composers: Tuấn Khanh, Vũ Thành An, and Tử Công Phụng.

Tuấn Ngọc
Lữ Anh Tuấn (born 4 October 1947) stage name Tuấn Ngọc is a Vietnamese singer. His first album appeared in 1990 and over the following 20 years, he has released 20 more albums, becoming one of the most recognised singers on Vietnamese TV.
Agathla Peak
Agathla Peak or Agathlan (Navajo: Aghaałą́, Spanish: El Capitan) is a peak south of Monument Valley, Arizona, which rises over 1,500 feet (460 meters) above the surrounding terrain. It is 7 miles (11 km) north of Kayenta and is visible from U.S. Route 163. The English designation Agathla is derived from the Navajo name aghaałą́ meaning 'much wool', apparently for the fur of antelope and deer accumulating on the rock. The mountain is considered sacred by the Navajo.

Agathla Peak is an eroded volcanic plug consisting of volcanic breccia cut by dikes of an unusual igneous rock called minette. It is one of many such volcanic diatremes that are found in Navajo country of northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. Agathla Peak and Shiprock in New Mexico are the most prominent. These rocks are part of the Navajo Volcanic Field, in the southern Colorado Plateau. Ages of these minettes and associated more unusual igneous rocks cluster near 25 million years.

Navajo volcanic field
The Navajo volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field located in the Four Corners region of the United States, in the central part of the Colorado Plateau. The volcanic field consists of over 80 volcanoes and associated intrusions of unusual potassium-rich compositions, with an age range of 26.2 to 24.7 million years (Ma).

In Navajo Nation tradition, the vents are known as tsézhiin ‘íí ‘áhí , "black rocks protruding up", and they play an important role in Navajo creation stories. Geologists have studied the Navajo volcanic field for clues to the geologic history of the Colorado Plateau and the timing and cause of its uplift.
South Head (Peak District)
South Head is a gritstone hill between the villages of Hayfield and Chinley in the Derbyshire Peak District. The summit is 494 metres (1,621 ft) above sea level. It lies at the south of the head of the River Sett.

The hilltop area was acquired by the National Trust in the 1980s and is designated as access land for the public. South Head farmstead was recorded in the 1640 plans of the waste and commons of Hayfield.

The Pennine Bridleway runs along the north and east sides of South Head. Since 2005, there has been an annual fell race each May from Hayfield around Mount Famine and South Head.

South Head is one of the 95 Ethels hills of the Peak District, launched by the countryside charity CPRE in 2021.

CPRE
The Campaign to Protect Rural England, formerly known by names such as the Council for the Preservation of Rural England and the CPRE, the countryside charity, is a charity in England. Formed in 1926 by Patrick Abercrombie to limit urban sprawl and ribbon development, CPRE claims to be one of the longest-running environmental groups in the UK. CPRE campaigns for a "sustainable future" for the English countryside. It states it is "a vital but undervalued environmental, economic and social asset to the nation." It aims to "highlight threats and promote positive solutions." It campaigns using its own research to lobby the public and all levels of government.
Rudmose Rocks
Rudmose Rocks (60°40′33.5″S 44°36′05.7″W﻿ / ﻿60.675972°S 44.601583°W﻿ / -60.675972; -44.601583) is a group of rocks 0.4 nautical miles (800 meters) north-northwest of Cape Geddes, off the north coast of Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands. The rocks were charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named them for Robert Neal Rudmose-Brown, naturalist of the expedition.

Ferguslie Peninsula
Ferguslie Peninsula is a peninsula 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long, lying between Browns Bay and Macdougal Bay on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for Ferguslie, the residence of James Coats, chief patron of the expedition.

Cape Geddes forms the tip of the peninsula. It was named by Bruce for Professor Patrick Geddes, a noted Scottish biologist and sociologist.

A series of peaks called the Ross Peaks rise between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay.
Cicindela albissima
Cicindela albissima, commonly called the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle is a species of tiger beetle endemic to Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park in southern Utah, United States. It was originally described by Rumpp in 1962 as the subspecies Cicindela limbata albissima, but mitochondrial DNA, along with the species' morphological and geographical distinctiveness, have shown that it is a separate species. C. albissima can be distinguished from other Cicindela species by its restricted range and lack of pigmentation on its elytra.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Robustness principle
In computing, the robustness principle is a design guideline for software that states: "be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others". It is often reworded as: "be conservative in what you send, be liberal in what you accept". The principle is also known as Postel's law, after Jon Postel, who used the wording in an early specification of TCP.

In other words, programs that send messages to other machines (or to other programs on the same machine) should conform completely to the specifications, but programs that receive messages should accept non-conformant input as long as the meaning is clear.

Among programmers, to produce compatible functions, the principle is also known in the form: be contravariant in the input type and covariant in the output type.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
TB3Cs2H1 snoRNA
TB3Cs2H1 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell. TB3Cs2H1 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of LSU5 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue Ψ308.

Nucleolus
The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs, ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/; pl.: nucleoli /-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress. Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions.  Malfunction of the nucleolus is the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.
Liu Jingsong
Liu Jingsong (Chinese: 刘精松; born July 1933) is a general (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was a member of the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1997 to 2002. The 14th Central Committee preceded it. It was followed by the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This was the first Central Committee that current CCP general secretary Xi Jinping was elected to, as an alternative member.

It elected the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1997. Plenary sessions were held by the politburo.
Franklin-Penland House
Franklin-Penland House, also known as Theodore C. Franklin House, Stokes Penland House, and Linville Falls Post Office, is a historic home located at Linville Falls, Burke County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1883, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame I-house with a two-story rear ell.  It features a full-width, attached two-tiered shed roof porch added about 1915.  Also on the property is the former U.S. Post Office, Linville Falls, N.C., building.  The one-room front gable frame building was built in 1907 and housed the Linville Falls post office until 1925.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
Yāska
Yāska (7th–5th century BCE) was an ancient Indian grammarian and Vedic linguist. Preceding Pāṇini (7th–4th century BCE), he is traditionally identified as the author of Nirukta, the discipline of "etymology" (explanation of words) within the Sanskrit grammatical tradition, and the Nighantu, the oldest proto-thesaurus in India. Nirukta is one of the six Vedāṅgas (limbs of the Veda) in Hinduism. Yaska is widely regarded as the precursive founder of the discipline of what would become etymology in both the East and the West.

Outline of ancient India
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE.
Pattina
Pattina is a village in Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Värska Parish.

Pattina and nearby villages (Kundruse, Litvina, Perdaku, Saabolda, Saatse, Samarina, Sesniki, and Ulitina) are notable as part of Estonia that, although not an enclave, was not reachable by road before 2008 without passing through Russian territory for several hundred metres, through an area known as the Saatse Boot. In 2008, a new road from Matsuri to Sesniki was opened, making it possible to reach the area without necessarily passing through the Saatse Boot. However, this is a 15 to 20 km detour if traveling from Värska.

Võru County
Võru County (Estonian: Võru maakond or Võrumaa; Võro: Võro maakund) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's Pskov Oblast (making it the only Estonian county to border two countries).

The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km2 (890 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. In 2022, Võru County had a population of 34,182, 2.6% of the total population in Estonia. The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and one urban municipality, the county capital, Võru.
Joseph Garrucho
José Antonio Garrucho (1712–1785) was a Jesuit missionary to Mexico, who served at Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi and Mission San Miguel Arcángel de Oposura. He was implicated in the events leading up to the Pima Revolt of 1751.

Pima Revolt (1751)
The Pima Revolt, also known as the Oʼodham Uprising or the Pima Outbreak, was a revolt of Pima native Americans in 1751 against colonial forces in Spanish Arizona and one of the major northern frontier conflicts in early New Spain.