hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Courtney Stodden
Courtney Alexis Stodden (born August 29, 1994) is an American media personality, model, and singer. After competing in beauty pageants in their home state of Washington and releasing original music, then-16-year-old Stodden came to international attention after being wed to 51-year-old actor Doug Hutchison in 2011. The controversy and media attention surrounding the marriage led Stodden to appear on the reality television shows Couples Therapy (2012) and Celebrity Big Brother (2013), and later appearances on Reality Ex-Wives (2015), The Mother/Daughter Experiment (2016), Celebs Go Dating (2017), and Courtney (2020).

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/ PEE-tə; styled PeTA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and originally led by Ingrid Newkirk, its co-founder.

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case. The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.

The organization's controversial campaigns have been credited with drawing media attention to animal rights issues, but have also been widely criticized for their disruptive nature. Its use of euthanasia has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.
Volkoderi
Volkoderi (Macedonian: Волкодери) is a village in the Resen Municipality of North Macedonia, northwest of Lake Prespa and near Galičica Mountain. It is located over 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the municipal centre of Resen.

Lake Prespa
The Lake Prespa is located on the tripoint of North Macedonia, Albania and Greece. It is a system of two lakes separated by an isthmus: the Great Prespa Lake, divided between the three countries, and the Little Prespa Lake, mostly within Greece. They are the highest tectonic lakes in the Balkans, at an elevation of 853 metres (2,799 ft).

The area contains three national parks: Galičica National Park in North Macedonia, Prespa National Park in Albania, and Prespa National Park in Greece. The largest town in the region is Resen in North Macedonia. In 2014, Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Biosphere Reserve between Albania and North Macedonia was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Bryant & May
Bryant & May was a British match manufacturer, which today exists only as a brand name owned by Swedish Match. The company was formed in the mid-19th century as a dry goods trader, with its first match works, the Bryant & May Factory, located in Bow, London. It later opened other factories in the United Kingdom, Australia, and other parts of the world.

The firm was formed in 1843 by Quakers William Bryant and Francis May and survived as an independent concern for over seventy years before undergoing a series of mergers with other matchmakers and later consumer products companies.

Bryant & May was involved in three of the most divisive industrial episodes of the nineteenth century: the sweating of domestic out-workers, the wage "fines" that led to the London matchgirls strike of 1888 and the scandal of "phossy jaw".

Swedish Match owns the registered Bryant & May trade name, alongside those of many formerly independent companies once within the Bryant & May group.

Gross (unit)
In English and related languages, several terms involving the words "great" or "gross" relate to numbers involving a multiple of exponents of twelve (dozen):

A gross is a group of 144 items (a dozen dozen or a square dozen, 122).

A great gross is a group of 1,728 items (a dozen gross or a cubic dozen, 123).

A small gross or a great hundred is a group of 120 items (ten dozen, 10×12).

The term can be abbreviated gr. or gro., and dates from the early 15th century. It derives from the Old French grosse douzaine, meaning "large dozen”. The continued use of these terms in measurement and counting represents the duodecimal number system. This has led groups such as the Dozenal Society of America to advocate for wider use of "gross" and related terms instead of the decimal system.
Total Recall (Family Guy)
"Total Recall" is the eighteenth episode of the eleventh season and the 206th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 28, 2013, and is written by Kristin Long and directed by Joseph Lee. In the episode, after Rupert is recalled, Stewie and Brian head on an adventure to reclaim Stewie's best friend. Meanwhile, due to illness, Peter is replaced by Lois in his bowling tournament. However, he begins to get annoyed by the brewing friendship between his wife and his buddies.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Rodica Negroiu
Rodica Negroiu (born 1940), also known as The Poisoner of Maxéville, is a Romanian murderer who was initially captured on 14 December 1990 for the death of 82-year-old retired French soldier Raymond Jactel in Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle. The subsequent investigation carried out brought to light a second victim: Negroiu's second husband, in whose body was found the same toxic substance as in Jactel: digoxin. These two murders echoed with the Romanian community in Tel Aviv, Israel, which brought to attention the existence of the first husband, Herman Goldstein, who also died under suspicious circumstances back in Romania.

Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle (French pronunciation: [mœʁt e mɔzɛl] ⓘ, lit. 'Meurthe and Moselle') is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the rivers Meurthe and Moselle. Its prefecture and largest city is Nancy and it borders the departments of Meuse to the west, Vosges to the south, Moselle and Bas-Rhin and it borders the Belgian province of Luxembourg and the country of Luxembourg by the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette to the north. It had a population of 733,760 in 2019.
Takeuti's conjecture
In mathematics, Takeuti's conjecture is the conjecture of Gaisi Takeuti that a sequent formalisation of second-order logic has cut-elimination (Takeuti 1953).  It was settled positively:

By Tait, using a semantic technique for proving cut-elimination, based on work by Schütte (Tait 1966);

Independently by Prawitz (Prawitz 1968) and Takahashi by a similar technique (Takahashi 1967), although Prawitz's and Takahashi's proofs are not limited to second-order logic, but concern higher-order logics in general;

It is a corollary of Jean-Yves Girard's syntactic proof of strong normalization for System F.

Takeuti's conjecture is equivalent to the 1-consistency of second-order arithmetic in the sense that each of the statements can be derived from each other in the weak system of primitive recursive arithmetic (PRA). It is also equivalent to the strong normalization of the Girard/Reynold's System F.

Kurt Schütte
Kurt Schütte (14 October 1909 – 18 August 1998) was a German mathematician who worked on proof theory and ordinal analysis. The Feferman–Schütte ordinal, which he showed to be the precise  ordinal bound for predicativity, is named after him. He was the doctoral advisor of 16 students, including Wolfgang Bibel, Wolfgang Maaß, Wolfram Pohlers, and Martin Wirsing.
Four-fold Franciscan prayer
Four-fold Franciscan prayer is a devotional discipline derived from teachings of Francis of Assisi and  Clare of Assisi, and described as divided into a sequence of "gazing, considering, contemplating, and imitating".

Episcopal Bishop Gene Robinson gave widened visibility to the method in describing the unbroadcast invocation he delivered in connection with the Obama inauguration as designed around it.

Clare of Assisi
Chiara Offreduccio (16 July 1194 – 11 August 1253), known as Clare of Assisi (sometimes spelled Clara, Clair or Claire; Italian: Chiara d'Assisi), is an Italian saint who was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi.

Inspired by the teachings of St. Francis, St. Clare founded the Order of Poor Ladies, a monastic religious order for women in the Franciscan tradition. The Order of Poor Ladies was different from any other order or convent because it followed a rule of strict poverty. Clare wrote their Rule of Life, the first set of monastic guidelines known to have been written by a woman. Following her death, the order she founded was renamed in her honor as the Order of Saint Clare, commonly referred to today as the Poor Clares. Her feast day is on the 11th of August every year.
$10
There are many $10 banknotes, bills or coins, including:

Australian ten-dollar note

Canadian ten-dollar note

Nicaraguan ten-cordoba note

New Zealand ten-dollar note

United States ten-dollar bill

Hong Kong ten-dollar note

Hong Kong ten-dollar coin

One of the Namibian dollars

One of the banknotes of Zimbabwe

Other currencies that issue $10 banknotes, bills or coins are:

New Zealand ten-dollar note
The New Zealand ten-dollar note is a New Zealand banknote. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and since 1999 has been a polymer banknote. It was first issued on 10 July 1967 when New Zealand decimalised its currency, changing from the New Zealand pound to the New Zealand dollar. The ten-dollar note originally had an image of Queen Elizabeth II on the front; since 1991 it has had an image of suffragist Kate Sheppard.
Griffin College
Griffin College, also referred to as Griffin Business College, was founded as a family-owned business college in Seattle, Washington in 1909. In 1986, Griffin was sold to Phillips Colleges, a national chain of 92 private schools. Aggressive expansion of the school coincided with accreditation renewal issues and eventually the college closed in 1993.

Copies of unofficial transcripts may be obtained by calling the Workforce Training & Education Coordinating Board in Olympia, Washington, at 360-709-4611, or online at www.wtb.wa.gov

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
Gamasolaelaps bellingeri
Gamasolaelaps bellingeri is a species of mite belonging to the family Veigaiidae. The female is only 0.5 mm in length, the male even smaller. Both can be recognized by the dorsal sclerotized shield being deeply incised laterally. This species is found in damp habitats such as moss and leaf litter in Jamaica.

Sclerite
A sclerite (Greek σκληρός, sklēros, meaning "hard") is a hardened body part. In various branches of biology the term is applied to various structures, but not as a rule to vertebrate anatomical features such as bones and teeth. Instead it refers most commonly to the hardened parts of arthropod exoskeletons and the internal spicules of invertebrates such as certain sponges and soft corals. In paleontology, a scleritome is the complete set of sclerites of an organism, often all that is known from fossil invertebrates.
Akabori amino-acid reaction
There are several Akabori amino acid reactions, which are named after Shirō Akabori (Japanese: 赤堀 四郎) (1900–1992), a Japanese chemist.

In the first reaction, an α-amino acid is oxidised and undergoes decarboxylation to give an aldehyde at the former α position by heating with oxygen in the presence of a reducing sugar. This reaction is useful for preparing dichlorophthalimido derivatives of peptides for mass spectral analysis.

In the second reaction, an α-amino acid, or an ester of it, is reduced by sodium amalgam and ethanolic HCl to give an α-amino aldehyde. This process is conceptually similar to the Bouveault–Blanc reduction except that it stops at the aldehyde stage rather than reducing the ester all the way to two alcohols.

Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is  the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO2 to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1).
Shikellamy State Park
Shikellamy State Park is a 240-acre (97 ha) Pennsylvania state park located at the confluence of the West Branch Susquehanna River and Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. The park is divided into two sections. The older part, on a bluff on the western bank of the Susquehanna River, is the 78-acre (32 ha) Shikellamy overlook in Union Township, Union County. The newer part is the 54-acre (22 ha) marina on the southern end of Packer Island in Upper Augusta Township, Northumberland County. Packer's Island lies between the city of Sunbury and the borough of Northumberland at the confluence of the two branches of the river.

Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg, it now consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Freeman College of Management, and the College of Engineering. It offers 65 majors and 70 minors in the sciences and humanities. Located just south of Lewisburg, the 445-acre (1.80 km2) campus rises above the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

Approximately 3,900 undergraduate students and 50 graduate students attend Bucknell. It is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics. Its athletic teams are the Bucknell Bison and its mascot is Bucky the Bison.
Whisky a Go Go, 1968
Whisky a Go Go, 1968 is a live album by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention, posthumously released on June 21, 2024. The album features a live recording by the band recorded on July 23, 1968 at the Sunset Strip, never being properly released in full until Whisky a Go Go, 1968.

The gig was originally promoted through a handwritten ad in the L.A. Free Press, "assuring 5 full hours of unprecedented merriment, which will be secretly recorded for an upcoming record album. Dress optional. Starting sometime in the evening. R.S.V.D.T.” It is presumed that the gig was intended for an album that was not released.

The album was released as a triple CD, five LP, and a two LP highlights set. The liner notes were written by Joe Travers, Ahmet Zappa, who also produced the album, and Pamela Des Barres. The liner notes also feature an interview of Alice Cooper with Ahmet Zappa, who also performed the night the album was recorded.

Los Angeles Free Press
The Los Angeles Free Press, also called the "Freep", is often cited as the first, and certainly was the largest, of the underground newspapers of the 1960s. The Freep was founded in 1964 by Art Kunkin, who served as its publisher until 1971 and continued on as its editor-in-chief through June 1973. The paper closed in 1978. It was unsuccessfully revived a number of times afterward.
Animero
An Animero (in the Canary Islands, Spain) is a person who is popularly attributed certain holiness.

The Animeros are typical especially in the north of the island of Tenerife, south and to the other islands the figure of Animero gradually becomes less frequent and probably related to earlier forms of Guanche worship prior to the arrival of Christianity. Their worship combines elements of Catholicism with symbols similar to Guanches from the Amazigh environment, similar to the marabouts in Maghreb.

The Animeros are said to contact the dead and cast out demons.

Marabout
In the Muslim world, the marabout (Arabic: مُرابِط, romanized: murābiṭ, lit. 'one who is attached/garrisoned') is a descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, romanized: sayyid and sidi in the Maghreb) and a Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb.

The marabout is often a scholar of the Quran, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering holy men who survive on alms or as spiritual directors of Muslim religious communities, often as muršid ('guide') of Sufi orders. The term marabout is also used for the mausolea of such religious leaders (cf. maqām, mazār, in Palestine also walī/velī).
The Slim Princess (1915 film)
The Slim Princess is a 1915 American silent comedy film directed by E. H. Calvert and starring Francis X. Bushman, Ruth Stonehouse and Wallace Beery. (This is believed to have been Beery's first full-length feature film.) The movie was written by Edward T. Lowe, Jr. from a story by George Ade and play by Henry Blossom, and was subsequently remade into a 1920 film starring Mabel Normand. The farcical plot involves a princess of a fictional country, loosely based upon Turkey, in which obese women are prized and the normal-sized protagonist is widely regarded as being too slender.

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.
Thorvald Solberg
Thorvald Solberg (April 22, 1852 – July 15, 1949) was the first Register of Copyrights (1897–1930) in the United States Copyright Office. He was a noted authority on copyright and played an instrumental role in shaping the Copyright Act of 1909.

Manitowoc, Wisconsin
Manitowoc (/ˈmænɪtəwɒk/ ⓘ MAN-it-ə-wok) is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Manitowoc River. The population was 34,626 at the 2020 census.
Die Stadt hinter dem Strom (opera)
Die Stadt hinter dem Strom (The City Beyond the River) is a German-language oratorio-opera in three acts composed by Hans Vogt to a libretto by Hermann Kasack based on his 1947 dystopian novel Die Stadt hinter dem Strom.

Hermann Kasack
Hermann Robert Richard Eugen Kasack (24 July 1896 – 10 January 1966) was a German writer. He is best known for his novel Die Stadt hinter dem Strom (The city beyond the river). Kasack was a pioneer of using the medium broadcast for literature. He published radio plays also under the pen names Hermann Wilhelm and Hermann Merten.
Office of the Attorney General of Colombia
The Office of the Attorney General of Colombia (Spanish: Fiscalía General de la Nación; literally "General Prosecutorial Office of the Nation") is the Colombian institution part of the Colombian judicial branch of Government with administrative autonomy designed to prosecute offenders, investigate crimes, review judicial processes and accuse penal law infractions against  judges and courts of justice. The Office of the Attorney General was created by the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and began operating on July 1, 1992.

An investigative process is initiated either by the institutions' own initiative or after a denouncer has made authorities aware of the case in a police station or in a Quick Reaction Unit of the Attorney General's Office.

National Police of Colombia
The National Police of Colombia (Spanish: Policía Nacional de Colombia) is the national police force of the Republic of Colombia. It is controlled by the Ministry of Defense, and is the only civilian police force in Colombia.

The force's official responsibilities are to protect the Colombian nation, enforce the law by constitutional mandate, maintain and guarantee the necessary conditions for public freedoms and rights and to ensure peaceful cohabitation among the population.
Wolfsberg (surname)
Wolfsberg is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorthe Wolfsberg (born 1958), Danish sprinter

Joon Wolfsberg (born 1992), German singer-songwriter

Christian Wolfsberg, Danish marathon champion

Tyra Wolfsberg, American bioinformatician

Dorthe Wolfsberg
Dorthe A. Wolfsberg (née Rasmussen; born 2 December 1958) is retired Danish sprinter. She represented her country at the 1983 World Championships and later married fellow retired runner Christian Wolfsberg.
Lo mai chi
Lo mai chi (Chinese: 糯米糍), known in Mandarin as nuomici, is a type of Chinese pastry. It is one of the most standard pastries in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops overseas. It is also referred to as glutinous rice dumpling. Today there are many different modern variations such as green tea flavor, mango flavor, etc.

The glutinous rice ball can be dusted with dried coconut on the outside. The outer layer is made of a rice flour dough and the inside is typically filled with a sweet filling. The most common fillings are sugar with coconut and crumbled peanuts, red bean paste, and black sesame seed paste.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.