hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hal Fredericks
H. A. "Hal" Fredericks is an author and management consultant for governments and businesses in Canada and the United States.  He was born in Nova Scotia and served as a governor and director (1955–1960) of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council and vice president of APEC in New Brunswick (1960–1961).  He is a member of the New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council and served as assistant to the general manager during the organization of the New Brunswick Development Corporation.

He is an honorary alumnus of the University of New Brunswick.

New Brunswick Development Corporation
New Brunswick Development Corporation (DEVCO) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit urban real estate development organization created in the mid-1970s to initiate redevelopment projects and to serve as the vehicle for public and private investment in the City of New Brunswick and other New Jersey urban communities. Since its inception, Devco has overseen more than $3 billion in investment to aid in economic revitalization in New Brunswick as well as redevelopment projects in Atlantic City, Newark, and Paterson.
Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins
Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election as Hampton, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries.

The district includes the town of Hampton and a small part of the town of Quispamsis, from which it runs southwesterly to Mispec, including parts of the city of Saint John south of the Mispec River and rural and suburban communities in between. It drew significant population from the former districts of Hampton-Kings, Saint John-Fundy, Saint John East and Quispamsis as well as a small part of Rothesay.

The riding was renamed Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins following the 2023 redistribution.

On May 11, 2024, John Herron was nominated as the Liberal candidate for the riding of Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins in the upcoming New Brunswick provincial election.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Trina Pratt
Trina Pratt (born August 30, 1986) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With Todd Gilles, she won four ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and the 2005 U.S. national junior title, and placed sixth at the 2006 World Junior Championships.

Pratt initially competed with her brother, Robert. She teamed up with Todd Gilles at the 2002 Lake Placid, New York, dance competition. They announced the ending of their partnership on December 13, 2006. She teamed up with Chris Obzansky in 2008.

2005 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2005 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place on January 9–16, 2005 at the Rose Garden in Portland, Oregon. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.

The event was used to determine the U.S. teams for the 2005 World Championships, 2005 Four Continents Championships, and 2005 World Junior Championships.
2008 ECM Prague Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles of the 2008 ECM Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Tomáš Cibulec and Jordan Kerr were the defending champions, but none competed this year, with both players competing separately in Munich at the same week.

Lukáš Dlouhý and Petr Pála won the title by defeating Dušan Karol and Jaroslav Pospíšil 6–7(2–7), 6–4, [10–6] in the final.

Jaroslav Pospíšil
Jaroslav Pospíšil (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslaf ˈpospiːʃɪl]; born 9 February 1981) is a Czech tennis coach and a former professional player who competed on the ITF Futures and ATP Challenger tours. On 23 May 2011 he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 103. On 1 October 2012, he reached his best doubles ranking of No. 115.

To date, Pospíšil has reached 53 singles finals on the ATP Challenger and ITF Futures tours, from which he has won 28 titles. On the same tours, he has won 64 doubles titles after reaching a total of 101 doubles finals.
Valley City, Illinois
Valley City is a village in Pike County, Illinois, United States. The population was 14 at the 2020 census, making Valley City the smallest incorporated place in Illinois in terms of population. As of 2024, the population was 13. In late December 2015 and early January 2016 the village flooded, leaving many roads underwater.

Pike County, Illinois
Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located between the Mississippi River and the Illinois River in western Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 14,739. Its county seat is Pittsfield.
Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand
The Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand is a learned society. Since its foundation in 1974, it has published the Australian Economic History Review which was relaunched in 2023 as the Asia-Pacific Economic History Review. It also holds annual conferences and awards prizes for contributions to the field.  An annual lecture in honour of Noel Butlin has been held since 2004, replacing the biennial lecture in honour of Alfred Charles Davidson that ended in the 1990s.

Alfred Charles Davidson
Sir Alfred Charles Davidson KBE (1882–1952) was an Australian banker and a domineering figure in the 1930s Australian business life. He was best known as the general manager of the Bank of New South Wales from 4 January 1929, when this bank entered its perhaps most critical periods of existence.  He stayed on at the bank until June 1945 when he was persuaded to retire due to ill health.

Davidson was born on 1 April 1882 in Brisbane, son of bank manager James Madgwick Davidson, and his Queensland-born wife Lucy (née Cribb). He was the grandson of the factory owner and financier turned well-known Queensland humanitarian Alfred Davidson who migrated to Queensland in 1863 and made a name for himself as Queensland's representative of the British Aborigines' Protection Society.
Chimteppa
Chimteppa (Tajik: Чимтеппа, formerly: Oqkurgan) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Rudaki District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 45,221 (2015).

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.
Siderogel
Siderogel is an amorphous mineral (a mineraloid) consisting of iron(III) oxide-hydroxide FeO(OH), the same chemical compound as limonite and goethite; or possibly an hydrate of the same FeO(OH)•nH2O.

Siderogel is described as blackish, brownish, or reddish-brown, often glassy and translucent. It may be a gossan, the result of weathering and oxidation of sulfide ores.

The International Mineralogical Association does not officially recognize siderogel as a mineral species.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Late Imperial China (journal)
Late Imperial China, formerly Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i (清史問題) until 1984, is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1965. It specializes in research on the Ming and Qing dynasties. The journal includes methodologically novel techniques in the study of political, intellectual, social, and gender history as well as historical demography. Articles include a Chinese glossary. The journal is published biannually by the Johns Hopkins University Press since 1993.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
2015 Svenska cupen (bandy)
2015 Svenska Cupen in bandy had its playoff in the weekend of 26–27 September 2015 in Lidköping. This was the eleventh annual Svenska Cupen.

Västerås SK won the final 6–2 (1–2) against Edsbyns IF. Sandvikens AIK won the bronze medals after 7–2 against Hammarby IF.

Edsbyns IF
Edsbyns IF is a bandy team from Edsbyn in Ovanåker Municipality in Sweden founded on 6 June 1909. The bandy section of the club was founded as late as in 1925 was formally made a club of its own on 28 June 2000.

Edsbyns IF has played in the highest bandy league in Sweden from 1945 to 1969 and then again since 1971.
2010 Georgian news report hoax
A fake news report aired by Georgian television station Imedi TV on 13 March 2010 reported on the breakdown of Parliament and the deaths of several government officials, culminating in an invasion of Georgia by Russia. The hoax was intended as a hypothetical pseudo-documentary. The broadcast's close resemblance to genuine news programming caused widespread panic among Georgians who believed the events depicted were real, and it was linked to the deaths of at least three people.

The hoax drew widespread criticism from the opposition, the Georgian media, and the public, as well as many international commentators and officials. Then-President Mikheil Saakashvili, whom Imedi TV supported, was accused of involvement in the hoax. It has been considered one of the most shocking hoaxes of all time.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Cholesteryl nonanoate
Cholesteryl nonanoate, also called cholesteryl pelargonate, 3β-cholest-5-en-3-ol nonaoate or cholest-5-ene-3-β-yl nonanoate, is an ester of cholesterol and nonanoic acid. It is a liquid crystal material forming cholesteric liquid crystals with helical structure. It forms spherulite crystals.

Spherulite (polymer physics)
In polymer physics, spherulites (from Greek sphaira = ball and lithos = stone) are spherical semicrystalline regions inside non-branched linear polymers. Their formation is associated with crystallization of polymers from the melt and is controlled by several parameters such as the number of nucleation sites, structure of the polymer molecules, cooling rate, etc. Depending on those parameters, spherulite diameter may vary in a wide range from a few micrometers to millimeters. Spherulites are composed of highly ordered lamellae, which result in higher density, hardness, but also brittleness when compared to disordered regions in a polymer. The lamellae are connected by amorphous regions which provide elasticity and impact resistance. Alignment of the polymer molecules within the lamellae results in birefringence producing a variety of colored patterns, including a Maltese cross, when spherulites are viewed between crossed polarizers in an optical microscope.
Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place on September 3. This swimming event uses medley swimming as a relay. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool, each using a different stroke. The first on each team used the backstroke, the second used the breaststroke, the third used the butterfly stroke, and the final swimmer used freestyle (restricted to not allow any of the first three strokes to be used, though nearly all swimmers use front crawl regardless).

The first swimmer must touch the wall before the next can leave the starting block, and so forth; timing of the starts is thus important.

Medley swimming
Medley swimming is a combination of four different swimming strokes butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle (usually front crawl), into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as individual medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a medley relay.
CSA Women Pro20 Series
The CSA Women Pro20 Series, officially known as the Hollywoodbets Pro20 for sponsorship reasons, is a professional women's Twenty20 cricket competition in South Africa, run by the Cricket South Africa (CSA). Launched in 2024, it serves as the successor to the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.

The competition runs alongside the 50-over CSA Women Pro50 Series.

Cricket South Africa
Cricket South Africa (CSA) is the governing body for both professional and amateur cricket in South Africa. In 1991, the separate South African Cricket Union and the South African Cricket Board merged to form the United Cricket Board of South Africa, ending racial separation governance in South African cricket. Cricket South Africa was formed in 2002, and initially ran parallel to the UCB, before becoming the sole governing body in 2008. As an affiliate of the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, and a full member of the International Cricket Council, CSA administers all levels of cricket in South Africa, including the national teams in all three formats for both men and women.
2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification preliminary round
The preliminary round of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament decided three teams which advanced to the group stage of the qualification tournament. The preliminary round consisted of the six lowest-ranked teams among the 51 entrants: Madagascar, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Sudan, Comoros, Djibouti, and Mauritius.

The six teams were drawn into three ties, played in home-and-away two-legged format between 22 and 28 March 2017.

The three winners advanced to the group stage to join the 45 teams which entered directly.

South Sudan Football Association
The South Sudan Football Association (S.S.F.A.) is the governing body of football in South Sudan. It was established in April 2011 and is an affiliate of CECAFA, CAF and FIFA.

In club football, the SSFA oversee the South Sudan Football Championship, South Sudan Premier League, the national cup and Super Cup.
Bolton Cenotaph
Bolton Cenotaph is a First World War memorial in Victoria Square, Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. It serves as the principal monument commemorating the men and women of Bolton who lost their lives during the war and subsequent conflicts, and it is designated as a Grade II* listed building.

Thames Ditton Foundry
The Thames Ditton Foundry was a foundry in Thames Ditton, Surrey, which operated from 1874 to 1939 and which under various owners produced numerous major statues and monuments as one of the United Kingdom's leading firms of bronze founders.
Royal College of Music war memorial
The Royal College of Music War Memorial is situated in the entrance hall of the Royal College of Music building, Prince Consort Road in South Kensington London. The original central panel lists 38 RCM students and staff who lost their lives in World War I. 18 of them were organists. The memorial was unveiled on 10 November 1922 by Lord Justice Younger. A further 21 who died in the Second World War were added after 1945 in two small panels either side of the original central panel.

Obituaries of many of those listed on the memorial were printed in wartime editions of the RCM Magazine.

Robert Younger, Baron Blanesburgh
Robert Younger, Baron Blanesburgh (12 September 1861 – 17 August 1946) was a British barrister and judge. The scion of a Scottish brewing family, he practised at the bar of England and Wales, before being appointed to the High Court in 1915, the Court of Appeal in 1919, and the House of Lords in 1923. He served as a law lord until 1937, when failing eyesight forced his retirement.
The Gift (Game of Thrones)
"The Gift" is the seventh episode of the fifth season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 47th overall. The episode was directed by Miguel Sapochnik, his directorial debut for the series, and written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It first aired on May 24, 2015.

The episode received positive reviews from critics, mainly praising the scenes in Meereen and the final scene, and achieved a viewership of 5.5 million during its initial airing in the United States. For her performance in the episode as Olenna Tyrell, Diana Rigg received a nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards. This episode marks the final appearance for Peter Vaughan (Maester Aemon).

Historical fantasy
Historical fantasy is a category of fantasy and genre of historical fiction that incorporates fantastic elements (such as magic) into a more "realistic" narrative. There is much crossover with other subgenres of fantasy; those classed as Arthurian, Celtic, or Dark Ages could just as easily be placed in historical fantasy. Stories fitting this classification generally take place prior to the 20th century.

Films of this genre may have plots set in biblical times or classical antiquity. They often have plots based very loosely on mythology or legends of Greek-Roman history, or the surrounding cultures of the same era.
Kurt Honolka
Kurt Honolka (27 September 1913 – 7 October 1988) was a German musicologist, journalist, and music and theatre critic. He is known as a translator of the librettos of Czech operas into German, such as Smetana's Dalibor and Janáček's Osud.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
2024 in aquatic sports
This article lists the in the water and on the water forms of aquatic sports for 2024.

Page contains information of water sports governing by following sports federations:

CIPS: Sport fishing

CMAS: Finswimming, Freediving, Spearfishing, Underwater hockey, Underwater target shooting, Underwater orienteering, Underwater photography

ICF: Canoe freestyle, Canoe marathon, Canoe ocean racing, Canoe polo, Canoe sailing, Canoe slalom, Canoe sprint, Dragon boat, Stand up paddling, Wildwater canoeing

ILSF: Lifesaving

ISA: Surfing

IWWF: Wakeboarding, Water skiing

UIM: Powerboating

World Aquatics: Artistic swimming, Diving, High diving, Open water swimming, Water polo

World Rowing: Rowing

World Sailing: Sailing

Underwater orienteering
Underwater orienteering, also known as scuba orienteering is an underwater sport that uses recreational open circuit scuba diving equipment and consists of a set of individual and team events conducted in both sheltered and open water testing the competitors' competency in underwater navigation. The competition is principally concerned with the effectiveness of navigation technique used by competitors to swim an underwater course following a route marked on a map prepared by the competition organisers, a compass and a counter meter to measure the distance covered. The sport was developed in the Soviet Union during the late 1950s and is played mainly in Europe. It is known as Orientation Sub in French and as  La Orientación Subacuática in Spanish.  Historically, the sport has also been known as Technical Disciplines.
Tolly Burkan
Tolly Burkan, also known as Bruce Burkan (/bərˈkæn/ burr-KAN ) born May 17, 1948 in New York City, is a firewalker and former magician. He is part of the Human Potential Movement. He is also the founder of the Firewalking Institute of Research and Education.

Firewalking
Firewalking is the act of walking barefoot over a bed of hot embers or stones. It has been practiced by many people and cultures in many parts of the world, with the earliest known reference dating from Iron Age India c. 1200 BCE. It is often used as a rite of passage, as a test of strength and courage, and in religion as a test of faith.

Modern physics has explained the phenomenon, concluding that the foot does not touch the hot surface long enough to burn and that embers are poor conductors of heat.
Culture of Sindh
The Culture of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جي ثقافت) has its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. Sindh has been shaped by the largely desert region, the natural resources it has available, and continuous foreign influence. The Indus or Sindhu River, which passes through the land, and the Arabian Sea (Which defines its borders) also supported the seafaring traditions among the local people. The local climate also reflects why the Sindhis have a language, folklore, traditions, customs, and lifestyle that are so different from the neighbouring regions. The Sindhi culture is also practised by the Sindhi diaspora.

Sindhi diaspora
The Sindhi diaspora (Sindhi: ٻاهري ملڪي سنڌي) consists of Sindhi people who have emigrated from the historical Sindh province of British India, as well as the modern Sindh province of Pakistan, to other countries and regions of the world, as well as their descendants.

Apart from the Indian subcontinent, Sindhi communities exist in Malaysia, Oman, Singapore, UAE, USA and UK, where they have established themselves as a trade diaspora.