hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic
Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic, or Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic, is a popular history book written by Tom Holland, published in 2003.

The book tells the story of the end of the Roman Republic and the consequent establishment of the Roman Empire. The book takes its title from the river Rubicon in the northern Italian peninsula. In 49 BC, Julius Caesar crossed this river with his army and marched on Rome, breaking a sacred law of the Roman Republic and throwing the nation into a civil war.

Popular history
Popular history, also called pop history, is a broad genre of historiography that takes a popular approach, aims at a wide readership, and usually emphasizes narrative, personality and vivid detail over scholarly analysis. The term is used in contradistinction to professional academic or scholarly history writing which is usually more specialized and technical and thus less accessible to the general reader.
Henrike
Henrike is a feminine given name of Germanic origin, the female form of the male given name Henrik. Notable women with the name include:

Henrike Brandstötter (born 1975), Austrian politician

Henrike Hahn (born 1970), German politician

Henrike Handrup (born 1983), German former Paralympic cyclist

Henrike Heiland (born 1975; pen name: Zoë Beck), German writer, publisher, and translator

Henrike Kadzidroga (born 1971), German tennis player

Henrike Lähnemann (born 1968), German medievalist and academic

Henrike Naumann (1984–2026), German installation artist

Henrike Kadzidroga
Henrike Tehrani (born Henrike Kadzidroga; 31 May 1971) is a German former professional tennis player.

Born in Bad Kissingen, Kadzidroga competed on the professional tour from 1988 to 1992. She reached a best singles ranking of 230 in the world and qualified for four WTA Tour singles main draws, including Paris twice.

Kadzidroga is now a general practitioner in the town of Hennef.
Benvenuto Cellini
Benvenuto Cellini (/ˌbɛnvəˈnjuːtoʊ tʃɪˈliːni, tʃɛˈ-/, Italian: [beɱveˈnuːto tʃelˈliːni]; 3 November 1500 – 13 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and author. His best-known extant works include the Cellini Salt Cellar, the sculpture of Perseus with the Head of Medusa, and his autobiography, which has been described as "one of the most important documents of the 16th century".

Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: /ˈpɜːr.si.əs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was a demigod, being the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles (as they were both children of Zeus, and Heracles's mother was Perseus's granddaughter).
Anchors & Ampersands
Anchors & Ampersands is the seventh album by Canadian music artist Marker Starling (Chris A. Cummings), released in 2017. It is a collection of original material, with two cover versions – "I'll Be Around", & "Double Suicide" by Sandro Perri.

With songs written that span more than half his life, Cummings' seventh album has been called a "reflection on mortality", & a "mellow & tender" record with elements of soul, Brazilian & classic 70's soft-rock genres, as well as influence by Robert Wyatt.

Robert Wyatt
Robert Wyatt (born 28 January 1945) is an English retired musician. A founding member of the influential Canterbury scene bands Soft Machine and Matching Mole, he was initially a kit drummer and singer before becoming paraplegic following an accidental fall from a window in 1973, which led him to abandon band work, explore other instruments, and begin a 40-year solo career.

A key player during the formative years of British jazz fusion, psychedelia and progressive rock, Wyatt's own work became increasingly interpretative, collaborative and politicised from the mid-1970s onwards. His solo music has covered a particularly individual musical terrain ranging from covers of pop singles to shifting, amorphous song collections drawing on elements of jazz, folk and nursery rhyme.

Wyatt retired from his music career in 2014, stating "there is a pride in [stopping], I don't want [the music] to go off." He is married to English painter and songwriter Alfreda Benge.
Somwarpet
Somwarpet (somavārapēte, also written Somvarpet)  is a panchayat town in Kodagu district in the Indian state of Karnataka.  It is the main town of the Somwarpet taluk, in the north-east of the district.
2nd highest Administrative town in Karnataka in terms of elevation.
The main crops grown in the area are coffee and spice crops such as cardamom, peppers, oranges, ginger and vegetables.

Bell pepper
The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper, paprika, pepper, capsicum /ˈkæpsɪkəm/ or, in some parts of the U.S. Midwest, mango) is the fruit of plants in the Grossum Group of the species Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, white, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as "sweet peppers". While they are botanically fruits—classified as berries—they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. Other varieties of the genus Capsicum are categorized as chili peppers when they are cultivated for their pungency, including some varieties of Capsicum annuum.

Peppers are native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. Pepper seeds were imported to Spain in 1493 and then spread through Europe and Asia.  Preferred growing conditions for bell peppers include warm, moist soil in a temperature range of 21 to 29 °C (70 to 84 °F).
LVRS Paradise
LVRS Paradise (marketed in two parts as LVRS Paradise (Side A) and LVRS Paradise (Side B)) is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Isaiah Falls. The first half of the album was released on May 2, 2025, by LVRS ONLY with distribution through Roc Nation. The album serves as a follow-up to his previous album Drugs n' Lullabies (2024). It featured collaborations with Ambré, Odeal, and Joyce Wrice.

Recording sessions took place from 2024 to 2025, with several record producers, including Blasian Chris, Channel WYA, Dylex Beats, Flozigg, G.Bliz, Icee Red, Jake Still, Kaelin Ellis, LAGUNE, Luxury Lane, LVRSNFRNDS, Malik Ninety Five, Mike Hector, and Phil Mango among others.

Roc Nation
Roc Nation is an American entertainment company founded by Jay-Z in 2008. Headquartered in New York City, the company is a successor to his previous Roc-A-Fella Records label, with additional offices in Los Angeles and London. It serves as a record label, talent agency, media production firm and clothing line along with educational and philanthropic programs.

It is co-owned by Jay-Z & Live Nation Entertainment.
Saidu Baba
Akhūnd Abdul Ghafūr (also known as Saidū Bābā or the Akhūnd of Swāt; 1794–1876) was a prominent religious saint from Swat. The city of Saidu Sharif, that serves as the administrative capital of Swat District, is named after him. His descendants, known as Mianguls, ruled over the princely state of Swat between 1917 and 1969.

Edward Lear
Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised but which term he never used.

His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to make illustrations of birds and animals, making coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and as a minor illustrator of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poems.

As an author, he is known principally for his popular nonsense collections of poems, songs, short stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published twelve musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.
Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science
Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science is a pseudoscientific book written by L. Ron Hubbard. Originally published in May 1950 as an article in Astounding Science Fiction #234, and immediately preceding the publication of his book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, it was expanded and republished as a 48-page book in 1955 by Hubbard Association of Scientologists International Ltd. In 2007, it was republished by Bridge Publications as a 213-page book — part of the re-release of the "basic books" of Scientology. The book is considered part of Scientology's canon.: 21

In Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science, Hubbard describes how he defined the reactive mind and developed the procedures to get rid of it. The book includes Hubbard's account of the reasoning behind his development of Dianetics.: dust jacket

Canon (basic principle)
The term canon derives from the Greek κανών (kanon), meaning "rule", and thence via Latin and Old French into English. The concept in English usage is very broad: in a general sense it refers to being one (adjectival) or a group (noun) of official, authentic or approved rules or laws, particularly ecclesiastical; or group of official, authentic, or approved literary or artistic works, such as the literature of a particular author, of a particular genre, or a particular group of religious scriptural texts; or similarly, one or a body of rules, principles, or standards accepted as axiomatic and universally binding in a religion, or a field of study or art.
2023 Beach Volleyball World Championships – Men's tournament
The men's tournament of the 2023 Beach Volleyball World Championships was held from 6 to 15 October 2023.

Ondřej Perušič and David Schweiner won their first tile after defeating David Åhman and Jonatan Hellvig in the final, while Bartosz Łosiak and Michał Bryl captured the bronze medal.

David Åhman
Klas David Åhman (born 20 December 2001) is a Swedish professional beach volleyball player. Together with Jonatan Hellvig, he won the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics and the gold medal at the 2025 Beach Volleyball World Championships.
Line S5 (Milan suburban railway service)
The S5 is a commuter railway route forming part of the Milan suburban railway service (Italian: Servizio ferroviario suburbano di Milano), which converges on the city of Milan, Italy.

The route runs over the infrastructure of the Porto Ceresio–Milan, Milan Passante and Milan–Venice railways.

The line is operated by Trenord.

Varese railway station
Varese railway station (Italian: Stazione di Varese) serves the town and comune of Varese, in the region of Lombardy, northern Italy. Opened in 1865, it is located on the Porto Ceresio–Milan railway.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni. Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Train services are operated by the lombard railway company Trenord.
R29/R99 (New York City Subway car)
The R29 was a New York City Subway car model built by the St. Louis Car Company in 1962 for the IRT A Division. A total of 236 cars were built, arranged in married pairs.

The R29s entered service on April 28, 1962, and received air conditioning by 1982. The fleet was rebuilt by Morrison–Knudsen between 1985 and 1987. The R29s were replaced in 2001 and 2002 with the delivery of the R142 and R142A cars, with the last train running on October 24, 2002. After being retired, most R29s were sunk into the ocean as artificial reefs, but two cars have survived.

Interborough Rapid Transit Company
The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) was the private operator of New York City's original underground subway line that opened in 1904, as well as earlier elevated railways and additional rapid transit lines in New York City. The IRT was purchased by the city on June 12, 1940, along with the younger BMT and IND systems, to form the modern New York City Subway. The former IRT lines (the numbered routes in the current subway system) are now the A Division or IRT Division of the Subway.
Max McDonald
Maxwell John McDonald (18 April 1927 – 28 August 2019) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Essendon, to RAAF officer Ewen McColl McDonald and Hilda Ferguson. He attended state and technical schools before becoming an electrical operations officer and electrician. He joined the Labor Party in 1952, and was three times president of the Eildon-Alexandra branch. In 1982 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Evelyn, moving to Whittlesea in 1985. His seat was abolished in 1992 and he retired.

Eildon, Victoria
Eildon is a town in central Victoria, Australia.  It is located near Lake Eildon, on the Goulburn Valley Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area. At the 2021 census, Eildon had a population of 944.

Taungurung people are the traditional owners of the land around Eildon (which stretches north-east beyond Mansfield, Victoria and to the west nearly to Bendigo). Taungurung country is part of the Kulin nation.

The name Eildon was given to the township by some of the first white settlers in the area, Mr and Mrs Archibald Thom in 1846, and was so named for its similarities to Mrs Thom's birthplace in the Eildon Hills near Abottsford in Scotland.
George Street, Toronto
George Street is a north–south street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from south of Front Street, north to Gerrard Street.
Its southern blocks are within the grid of the townsite of the original town of York, Upper Canada. George Street was once one of the most exclusive and expensive addresses in the city. Today, the north end of the street, next to Seaton House men's shelter, is an example of urban blight. The City of Toronto government is redeveloping the street with a new Seaton House institution focused more on long-term care. Several abandoned buildings have been bought by the city, and others have been expropriated to facilitate the redevelopment – the George Street Revitalization Project.

Front Street (Toronto)
Front Street is an east–west road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. First laid out in 1796, the street is one of the original streets of the Town of York. The street was laid out along the shoreline of Lake Ontario as it existed during that time. It remains an important street with many important landmarks, including the St. Lawrence Market, Meridian Hall, Union Station, and the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. The eastern section of Front Street, in the West Don Lands, east of Cherry Street, is being rebuilt as a broad tree-lined boulevard, intended to be the pedestrian-friendly commercial spine of the new neighbourhood.
Dhumbada Mata Temple
Dhumbada Mataji Temple, also known as Dhumda Mata or Dhubra Mata Temple, is a Hindu shrine dedicated to Goddess Subhadra, located near Bhadrajun in the Jalore district of Rajasthan, India. Situated in the Aravalli mountain range's Dhumbada hills also known as Bhadrajun hills, approximately 4.3 km from Bhadrajun and 6.4 km from Rama, the temple is revered for its association with the hindu epic Mahabharata.

Subhadra
Subhadra (Sanskrit: सुभद्रा, romanized: Subhadrā, lit. 'auspicious') is a figure in Hindu tradition, particularly revered in Vaishnavism as the sister of the deities Krishna and Balarama. She is mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures, including the epic Mahabharata and the Bhagavata Purana. A princess of the Vrishni clan and the daughter of Vasudeva, Subhadra married the Pandava prince Arjuna and became the mother of Abhimanyu.

Subhadra is part of the triad of deities worshipped at the Jagannath Temple at Puri, along with Krishna (as Jagannatha) and Balarama (or Balabhadra). One of the chariots in the annual Ratha Yatra is dedicated to her.
CS Podgoria Pâncota
Clubul Sportiv Podgoria Pâncota is a Romanian professional football club based in Pâncota, Arad County, Romania, founded in 1923, under the name of Spartak Pâncota. The club is currently a member of the Liga IV – Arad County, fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The best period of the team based in Arad County was during the first part of the 2010s, when it reached the second division, under the name of Șoimii Pâncota.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
Mingala Taungnyunt Township
Mingala Taungnyunt Township (Burmese: မင်္ဂလာ‌တောင်ညွန့် မြို့နယ် [mɪ̀ɰ̃ɡəlà tàʊɰ̃ ɲʊ̰ɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]; also spelled Mingalar Taung Nyunt) is a township of Yangon, Myanmar. Located in the east-central part of the city, the township consists of 20 wards, and shares borders with Dagon Township in the west, Bahan township in the north, Botataung Township in the south, Kyauktada Township in the southwest, and the Pazundaung Creek and Dawbon Township in the east.

With nearly 100,000 residents, it is one of the most populous townships in the city. Mingala Taungnyunt has 21 primary schools, two middle schools and six high schools.

Pazundaung Creek
Pazundaung Creek (Burmese: ပုဇွန်တောင်ချောင်း, known upstream as Ngamoeyeik Creek) is a stream that empties into Yangon River. The centre of Rangoon (now Yangon) was established at the confluence of Yangon River to the west and south and Pazundaung Creek to the east. The areas surrounding Pazundaung Creek have high concentrations of Burmese Indians. The Great Bell of Dhammazedi, one of the largest bells in the world, sank into the creek in 1608, when Filipe de Brito e Nicote, then governor of Syriam (now Thanlyin), removed it from the Shwedagon Pagoda.
Stephan Studer
Stéphan Studer (born 9 October 1975) is a Swiss international referee who refereed at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

Studer became a FIFA referee in 2009. He has officiated at Euro 2012 qualifiers and the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He was appointed as referee of the 2012–13 Swiss Cup final between FC Basel and Grasshoppers Zürich in the Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf, Bern, on 20 May 2013.

Studer's last match after 12 years as referee was on 29 May 2015 in St. Jakob-Park, Basel as FC Basel beat St. Gallen 4-3 on the last day of the 2014–15 Swiss Super League season.

St. Jakob-Park
St. Jakob-Park (Swiss Standard German: [zaŋkt ˈjaːkɔb ˌpark] ⓘ) is a Swiss sports stadium in Basel. It is the largest football venue in Switzerland and home to FC Basel. "Joggeli", as the venue is nicknamed by the locals, was originally built with a capacity of 33,433 seats. The capacity was increased to 42,500 for Euro 2008, which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland. After the tournament, a number of seats were removed, thus creating more space between them. The capacity was therefore reduced to 38,512 for Swiss Super League matches or 37,500 seats for international matches The maximum capacity for concerts is 40,000.

The stadium is named after the village of St. Jakob an der Birs, which stood on the site. The name "Joggeli" is the diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect, making it the equivalent of "Jake".
Martin XB-33 Super Marauder
The Martin XB-33 Super Marauder was a proposed World War II American bomber aircraft. It was designed by the Glenn L. Martin Company as the Martin Model 190 and was a high-altitude derivative of the company's B-26 Marauder. Two different designs were developed, first as a twin-engined aircraft and then as a four-engined aircraft. The four-engined version was ordered by the United States Army Air Forces, but the program was cancelled before any aircraft were built.

Glenn L. Martin Company
The Glenn L. Martin Company, also known as the Martin Company from 1917 to 1961, was an American aircraft and aerospace manufacturing company founded by aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin. The Martin Company produced many important aircraft for the defense of the US and allies, especially during World War II and the Cold War. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Martin Company moved from the aircraft industry into the guided missile, space exploration, and space utilization industries.

In 1961, the Martin Company merged with American-Marietta Corporation, a large industrial conglomerate, forming the Martin Marietta corporation. In turn, Martin Marietta in 1995 merged with aerospace giant Lockheed Corporation to form the Lockheed Martin corporation.
Arthur Marvin
Arthur Weed Marvin (May 26, 1859 – January 18, 1911), was an American cinematographer who worked for the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in which his brother Harry Marvin was one of the four founders (the others being Herman Casler, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, and Elias Koopman).

He shot 418 films between 1897 and 1911, including The Adventures of Dollie (1908), the directorial debut of D. W. Griffith, as well as other early Griffith shorts such as Pippa Passes in 1909.

He directed the short trick film Sherlock Holmes Baffled, which was the earliest known film to feature Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character Sherlock Holmes.

His nephew Daniel Warner Marvin II, Henry's son, perished in the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912.

He was born in Warners, New York, US to Daniel Warner Marvin and Ellen Jane Weed. He was married to Sarah E. Babcock. He died in Los Angeles, California.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Bokermannohyla sagarana
Bokermannohyla sagarana is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the Espinhaço Mountains in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Its specific name refers to the novel Sagarana by João Guimarães Rosa.

Espinhaço Mountains
The Espinhaço Mountains (Portuguese: Serra do Espinhaço, IPA: [ˈsɛʁɐ dw ispĩˈɲasu]) are a mountain range in Brazil. The range runs roughly north and south through the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, extending for approximately 1,100 km (680 mi). It forms the divide between the upper watershed of the São Francisco River and those of the shorter rivers which flow east into the Atlantic Ocean, including the Doce, the Jequitinhonha, and the Pardo rivers. Pico do Sol, its highest peak, rises to 2,072 metres (6,798 ft), in Catas Altas town (Caraça National Park). The historical town of Diamantina is located in the Espinhaço Mountains. The Espinhaço Mountains were a major route through which Minas Gerais was settled during the Brazilian Gold Rush of the 18th century.
Lerna (municipal unit)
Lerna (Greek: Λέρνα) is a former municipality in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part of the municipality Argos-Mykines, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 84.285 km2. The seat of the municipality was Myloi.

Argolis
Argolis or Argolida (Greek: Αργολίδα Argolída [arɣoˈliða]; Ἀργολίς Argolís [arɡolís] in ancient Greek and Katharevousa) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Peloponnese, situated in the eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula and part of the tripoint area of Argolis, Arcadia and Corinthia.  Much of the territory of this region is situated in the Argolid Peninsula.