hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Denmark station
Denmark station is an Amtrak train station in Denmark, South Carolina. It is served by the daily Floridian.

The station was originally used by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad and the Southern Railway. Denmark was also served by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad's Florence—Robbins Line, but not at this station.  Service at the station ended by 1971, but Amtrak added Denmark as a stop for the Champion on October 29, 1978. It was added because there were no stop between Columbia, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, although Denmark and the surrounding area had no sizable population. After the Champion was discontinued, the Silver Star began stopping instead. On November 10, 2024, the Silver Star was merged with the Capitol Limited as the Floridian.

Champion (train)
The Champion was a streamlined passenger train operated by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Florida East Coast Railway between New York City and Miami or St. Petersburg, Florida. It operated from 1939 until 1979, continuing under the Seaboard Coast Line and Amtrak. It was a direct competitor to the Seaboard Air Line Railway's Silver Meteor, the first New York-Florida streamliner.
Mrs. Wagner's Pies
Mrs. Wagner's Pies were single-serving pies sold in waxed paper, produced by the Wagner Baking Company, originally located in Ocean Grove, New Jersey, and later in Brooklyn, New York.

The eponymous Mrs. Wagner was selling homemade pies in Jersey City, New Jersey, as early as 1897. She was Mary J. Wagner, wife of William Wagner; she died in Ocean Grove on March 31, 1911, aged 72.

In September 1940, The Newark News described Mrs. Wagner's Pies as the "largest pie bakery in the country, with its home plant in Newark and five branches as far west as Chicago." Its president at the time was F. W. Birkenhauer.

The company ceased operations in July 1966.

Waxed paper
Waxed paper (also wax paper, waxpaper, or paraffin paper) is paper that has been made moisture-proof and grease-proof through the application of wax.

The practice of oiling parchment or paper in order to make it semi-translucent or moisture-proof goes back at least to the Middle Ages. Paper impregnated or coated with purified beeswax was widely used throughout the 19th century to retain or exclude moisture, or to wrap odorous products. Gustave Le Gray introduced the use of waxed paper for photographic negatives in 1851.  Natural wax was largely replaced for the making of waxed paper (or paraffine paper) after Herman Frasch developed ways of purifying paraffin and coating paper with it in 1876. Waxed paper is commonly used in cooking for its non-stick properties, and wrapping food for storage, such as cookies, as it keeps water out or in. It is also used in arts and crafts.
Starczów
Starczów [ˈstart͡ʂuf] (German: Alt Altmannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Argentina–Serbia relations
Argentina and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Argentina and Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1938. From 1938 to 2006, Argentina maintained relations with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor.

Successor state
A successor state is a concept in international relations regarding a sovereign state that has formed over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state. A successor state may or may not acquire a new international legal personality, while a continuing state (also known as a continuator or historical heir) retains the same international legal personality and all the rights and obligations of a predecessor state. The theory has its roots in 19th-century diplomacy.
Secrets of the Code
Secrets of the Code is a 2006 documentary based on Dan Burstein's New York Times best-seller of the same name in which experts explore topics put forth by Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code. New Yorker essayist Arthur Krystal assisted Burstein in writing the film, which was directed by Emmy Award winner Jonathan Stack, produced by Alchemist Films, LLC, and distributed by Sony Pictures.

The film is narrated by actress Susan Sarandon, with commentary by religious experts and authors Timothy Freke, Richard Leigh, Sean Martin and Elaine Pagels.

The film has been described as having unusually high visual quality, spectacular imagery and an excellent review of the issues.

Elaine Pagels
Elaine Pagels, née Hiesey (born February 13, 1943), is an American historian of religion. She is the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion Emeritus at Princeton University. Pagels has conducted extensive research into early Christianity and Gnosticism.

Her best-selling book The Gnostic Gospels (1979) examines the divisions in the early Christian church, and the way that women have been viewed throughout Jewish history and Christian history. Modern Library named it as one of the 100 best nonfiction books of the twentieth century (place 72).
Citrobacter koseri
Citrobacter koseri, formerly known as Citrobacter diversus, is a Gram-negative non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium.  It is a facultative anaerobe capable of aerobic respiration. It is motile via peritrichous flagella.  It is a member of the family of Enterobacteriaceae. The members of this family are part of the normal flora and commonly found in the digestive tracts of humans and animals. C. koseri may act as an opportunistic pathogen in individuals who are immunocompromised.

It rarely is community-acquired and mainly occurs as hospital-acquired infections. Infections caused by C. koseri can lead to various symptoms, including fever, chills, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, the bacterium can cause sepsis, meningitis, or brain abscesses. Brain abscesses have a high rate of mortality and complications, particularly in neonates. The transmission of C. koseri could be vertical from mother to fetus, and other sources can be horizontal by asymptomatic nursery staff.

Vertical transmission
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.  A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.
Domingo DeGrazia
Domingo DeGrazia is an attorney from the Southwest United States. He practices appellate law, is a guitarist and music composer, and former member of the Arizona House of Representatives representing District 10 from 2019 to 2023. DeGrazia was elected in 2018, defeating incumbent Republican State Representative Todd Clodfelter. DeGrazia is a citizen of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians through his mother Carol Locust. DeGrazia's father is Southwestern artist Ettore DeGrazia.

DeGrazia graduated from Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, and received his Juris Doctor degree from Oklahoma City University law school, before practicing law as a trial attorney in the juvenile court system.

Oklahoma City University
Oklahoma City University (OCU) is a private university historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church and located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.

The university offers undergraduate bachelor's degrees, graduate master's degrees and doctoral degrees, and is organized into eight colleges and schools and one Methodist seminary. More than 70 undergraduate majors are offered, as well as 20 graduate degrees, including a JD, MBA, and PhD in Nursing. An Adult Studies Program for working adults offers a Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts degree. The university has approximately 3,000 students, including 1,200 graduate students. The official school and athletic colors are blue and white.
Au Ho-nien
Au Ho-nien (Chinese: 歐豪年; 1935 – 25 April 2024) was a Chinese painter. He studied under Chao Shao-an and his ink wash paintings, representative of the Lingnan School,: 140, 151  were influential in Taiwan. His subject matter included landscapes, animals, feathers, and other elements, and his art used rich, varied forms alongside strong and vivid colors. In 2019, a solo exhibition of his work was displayed at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco.

Chinese Culture University
Chinese Culture University (CCU; Chinese: 中國文化大學) is a private university located in Yangmingshan in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan. Established in 1962, CCU is one of the largest universities in Taiwan with an enrollment of about 32,000 students. Satellite campuses are located in the Jianguo, Ximending, and Zhongxiao East Road areas of Taipei City.
North Aegean islands
37°48′00″N 23°27′00″E﻿ / ﻿37.8000°N 23.4500°E﻿ / 37.8000; 23.4500

The North Aegean islands are a number of scattered islands in the North Aegean Sea, also known as the Northeastern Aegean islands, belonging mostly to Greece and a few of them to Turkey. The islands do not form a physical chain or group, but are frequently grouped together for tourist or administrative purposes. To the south are the Dodecanese islands, and to the west are the Cyclades and Sporades islands.

Within this group, the main islands in the northeastern Aegean Sea and along the Turkish coast are the Greek islands of Samos, Ikaria, Chios, Lesbos, Lemnos, Agios Efstratios, Psara, Fournoi Korseon, Oinousses and the Turkish islands of Imbros, Tenedos and the Rabbit or Tavşan Islands. The main islands in the Thracian Sea in the far north are the Greek islands of Samothrace and Thasos.

Most are in the North Aegean administrative region.

Ikaria
Ikaria, also spelled Icaria (/aɪˈkɛəriə/; Greek: Ικαρία [ikaˈri.a]), is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, 10 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of Samos. Administratively, Ikaria forms a separate municipality within the Ikaria regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean administrative region.

According to tradition, it derives its name from Icarus, the son of Daedalus in Greek mythology, who was believed to have fallen into the sea nearby and to have been buried on the island.
Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality
Fetakgomo Tubatse Municipality (Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Fetakgomo Tubatse) is a local municipality within the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It was established after the August 2016 local elections by merging the Fetakgomo and Greater Tubatse local municipalities.

Northern Sotho
Sepedi is one of South Africa’s twelve official languages and belongs to the Bantu language family, specifically the Sotho-Tswana group. The language is spoken mainly in Limpopo Province, and to a lesser extent in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West.

Sepedi refers to the dialect spoken by the Pedi people. Northern Sotho is the umbrella term for a group of related dialects. The two terms are often used interchangeably, but technically Sepedi is one dialect of Northern Sotho.

As of the 2022 South African Census, approximately 6.2 million people, or 10.0% of the national population, speak Sepedi as their first language. Sepedi ranks as the fifth most spoken first language.
Dollars (soundtrack)
Dollars is the soundtrack album to the 1971 movie of the same name, also known as $, Dollar$, $ (Dollars) or The Heist (in the UK), written and directed by Richard Brooks and starring Warren Beatty and Goldie Hawn. The soundtrack, originally issued on Reprise Records, is composed and produced by Quincy Jones, and features performances by Little Richard, Roberta Flack and Doug Kershaw.  Throughout the album, the Don Elliott Voices provide harmony vocal background to otherwise instrumental pieces.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Victory Christian Church
Victory Christian Church is a non-denominational neo-charismatic church in Auckland, New Zealand. First established as the Queen Street Assembly of God in 1965, the church moved from its premises on Queen Street, constructing the Victory Convention Centre in Freemans Bay.

Neo-charismatic movement
The neo-charismatic (also known as third-wave charismatic or hypercharismatic) movement is a movement within evangelical Protestant Christianity that is composed of a diverse range of independent churches and organizations that emphasize the current availability of gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues and faith healing. The Neo-charismatic movement is considered to be the "third wave" of the Charismatic Christian tradition which began with Pentecostalism (the "first wave"), and was furthered by the Charismatic movement (the "second wave").: 6  As a result of the growth of postdenominational and independent charismatic groups, Neo-charismatics are now believed to be more numerous than the first and second wave categories. As of 2002, some 19,000 denominations or groups, with approximately 295 million individual adherents, were identified as Neo-charismatic.
Astrothelium infravulcanum
Astrothelium infravulcanum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This species was discovered in the rainforests of Acre, Brazil, and is distinguished by its unique features and chemical makeup.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Charles Yaldren
Charles Henry Yaldren (8 December 1891 — 23 October 1916) was an English first-class cricketer and soldier.

The son of Charles Henry Yaldren senior, he was born at Southampton in December 1891. He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Cambridge University at Southampton in 1912. Described as a "useful bowler and tail-end bat", he was run out for 8 runs in his only first-class innings, while with his bowling he took one wicket in the match, that of Geoffrey Hopley. Yaldren served in the First World War as a private in the 1st Battalion, Royal Hampshire Regiment. He was killed in action at Thiepval on 23 October 1916, during the First Battle of the Somme. His body was never recovered, but he is commemorated at the Thiepval Memorial.

Thiepval
Thiepval (French pronunciation: [tjɛpval]; Picard: Tièbvo) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Thiepval is located 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Albert at the crossroads of the D73 and D151 and approximately 32 km (20 mi) northeast of Amiens.
Criterion-referenced test
A criterion-referenced test is a style of test that uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score.  Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests.  In this case, the objective is simply to see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment.

Criterion-referenced testing was a major focus of psychometric research in the 1970s.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Kolomoen
Kolomoen is an area in Stange Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway, situated about 7 kilometers (4 mi) south of the village of Stange.

The locality is most notable as the site of an interchange. It is the northernmost part of the European Road E6 which is built as a four-lane controlled-access highway. At Kolomoen National Road 3 branches off from the E6, and the E6 continues towards Hamar as a two-lane expressway.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Stamp dealer
A stamp dealer is a company or individual engaged in the trade of stamps and philatelic products. This includes those who sell postage stamps for everyday use as well as revenue stamps for use on court documents. Stamp dealers who sell to stamp collectors and philatelists are of many kinds and their businesses range from small home operations to large international companies.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Hubert Humphreys
George Hubert Humphreys (14 July 1878 – 4 October 1967) was a British socialist activist.

Humphreys was educated at King Edward's Grammar School in Aston, before becoming a blacksmith, then working as an actor for three years.  In 1912, he became the managing director of the Midland Fan Company, holding this position for the remainder of his life.

Humphreys became interested in socialism and in 1917, he joined the Fabian Society.  He served on its executive on numerous occasions, and also as director of its summer school.  He was also chair of the National Clarion Fellowship.

At the 1935 United Kingdom general election, Humphreys stood unsuccessfully as the Labour Party candidate for Birmingham Ladywood.  He was elected to Birmingham City Council in 1937, becoming an alderman in 1945.  In 1949/50, he served as Lord Mayor of Birmingham.

Birmingham Ladywood
Birmingham Ladywood is a constituency in the city of Birmingham that was created in 1918. The seat has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom  by Shabana Mahmood of the Labour Party since 2010. Mahmood currently serves as Home Secretary under the government of Keir Starmer.
Tori (Rampur)
Tori is a village located near the Taluka headquarters of Kunkavav Vadia, in the Amreli district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The village is situated in the southern part of Saurashtra region,(also known as Kathiawar), which became part of the Western Kathiawar Agency,from 1926 onwards.

Kunkavav Vadia Taluka
Kunkavav Vadia Taluka is a geographical subdivision located in the Amreli district of the state of Gujarat, India. It is situated in the western part of the country and falls within the Saurashtra region. Wadia  is the headquarters of the taluka.
Aviation communication
Aviation communication refers to the conversing of two or more aircraft. Aircraft are constructed in such a way that make it very difficult to see beyond what is directly in front of them. As safety is a primary focus in aviation, communication methods such as wireless radio are an effective way for aircraft to communicate with the necessary personnel. Aviation is an international industry and as a result involves multiple languages. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) deemed English the official language of aviation. The industry considers that some pilots may not be fluent English speakers and as a result pilots are obligated to participate in an English proficiency test.

Aviation English
Aviation English is the de facto international language of civil aviation. With the expansion of air travel in the 20th century, there were safety concerns about the ability of pilots and air traffic controllers to communicate. In 1951, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommended in "ICAO Annex 10 ICAO (Vol I, 5.2.1.1.2) to the International Chicago Convention" that English be universally used for "international aeronautical radiotelephony communications." Despite being a recommendation only, ICAO aviation English was widely accepted.

Aviation English is a type of English for specific purposes, with several specific idiosyncratic structures: for example, any correction of a misspoken word must always be conveyed using the word "correction".
Dave Ramsden
Sir David Edward John Ramsden CBE (born 9 February 1964) is a British economist and has been Deputy Governor for Markets and Banking at the Bank of England since 4 September 2017. He was previously Chief Economic Adviser to HM Treasury and Head of the Government Economic Service, having previously served as Joint Head of the Service with Vicky Pryce, formerly Chief Economic Adviser and Director-General at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.