hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mowbray (surname)
Mowbray is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Mowbray (1896–1969), English stage and film actor

Anna Mowbray (born 1983/1984), New Zealand entrepreneur and businessperson

Charles Mowbray (1857–1910), British anarcho-communist

Ethel Jones Mowbray (died 1948), American teacher, co-founder of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority

Francis Mowbray (died 1603), Scottish intriguer

Gillis Mowbray, servant of Mary, Queen of Scots

Guy Mowbray (born 1972), British football commentator

Harris Mowbray (born 1999), Braille-related linguist

Harry Mowbray (1947–2022), Scottish footballer

Harry Siddons Mowbray (1858–1928), American artist

Louis L. Mowbray (1877-1952), Bermudian naturalist

Malcolm Mowbray (1949–2023), British screenwriter and director

Nick Mowbray (born 1984/1985), New Zealand entrepreneur and businessperson

Thomas Mowbray (fl. 1850s), Queensland clergyman

Tony Mowbray (born 1963), English footballer

Harris Mowbray
Harris Mowbray (/ˈhæ.ɹɪs ˈmoʊ.breɪ/; born October 3, 1999) is an amateur linguist and programmer from the United States. He is notable for creating several proposals to encode minority languages around the world in Braille.
Saamoohyapaadam
Saamoohya Paadam (transl. Social Studies) is a 1996 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Kareem and produced by T. K. Surendran and Pradeep Chembakassery. The film stars Dileep, Prem Kumar, Sukumari and Kalabhavan Mani in the lead roles. The film has musical score by S. P. Venkatesh. Songs were penned by Konniyoor Balachandran ( Kavalam kiliye) and Shibu Chakravarthy.

Sukumari
Sukumari (6 October 1940 – 26 March 2013) was an Indian actress best known for her works in Malayalam and Tamil films. In a career spanning more than five decades, she appeared in more than 2,500 films predominantly in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, along with a few Hindi and one each in Sinhala, French, Italian, Bengali, Tulu, English and Kannada films. Sukumari began acting at the age of 10. In 2003, she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India for her contributions toward the arts. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the Tamil film Namma Gramam (2010). Sukumari died on 26 March 2013 in Chennai, following a heart attack.
David Kalonymus ben Jacob
David Kalonymus ben Jacob (David ben Jacob Meïr)  was an Italian Jewish astrologer of the fifteenth century, and a member of the Kalonymus family.

He wrote in 1464 two astrological treatises, the smaller of which is on the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter. He dedicated the latter work to King Ferdinand I of Naples, and hoped thereby to obtain religious liberty for his coreligionists.

In 1466 David translated from Latin into Hebrew an astronomical work of John of Gmünd, which he called Mar'ot ha-Kokabim ("The Aspects of the Stars"). The work is a description of an astronomical instrument which had been invented at Vienna in 1417. He was invested by the king with an office, probably that of astrologer.

In 1484 he wrote a philosophical treatise on the Destructio Destructionis of Averroes, which he addressed to his son Ḥayyim Kalonymus.

The Incoherence of the Incoherence
The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Arabic: تهافت التهافت Tahāfut al-Tahāfut) by Andalusian Muslim polymath and philosopher Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن رشد, romanized: Ibn Rushd, 1126–1198) is an important Islamic philosophical treatise in which the author defends the use of Aristotelian philosophy within Islamic thought.

It was written in the style of a dialogue against al-Ghazali's claims in The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahāfut al-Falasifa), which criticized Neoplatonic thought.

Originally written in Arabic, The Incoherence of the Incoherence was subsequently translated into many other languages.  The book is considered Ibn Rushd's landmark; in it, he tries to create harmony between faith and philosophy.
Søren Tybring
Søren Tybring (6 November 1773 – 19 November 1822) was a Norwegian priest and politician.

Tybring was from Høland in Akershus, Norway.  He was the son of Johan Broderus Edinger Tybring 	(1735-1782) and Ellen Geelmuyeden (1747-1824). His father was a parish priest who died when Søren Tybring was 9. He grew up with his uncle, Hans Heinrich Tübring, Bishop of Diocese of Agder og Telemark. Tybring took his cand.theol. degree in 1796. He served as curate in Kristiansand Cathedral for two years before being hired as a school principal in the Bragernes neighborhood of Drammen. After serving as vicar at Karleby on the Danish island of Falster in 1802, he then returned to serve  as vicar of Bragernes Church from 1802 until his death in 1822.

Tybring  was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1814 as a representative of the city of Drammen. He served through the first Extraordinary Parliament which on 4 November 1814 enacted the revised Norwegian Constitution (Grunnloven).

Bragernes Church
Bragernes Church (Bragernes Kirke) is a parish church at Drammen in Buskerud county, Norway.

It was designed by Ernst Norgrenn (1839-1880) in Neo Gothic style and built of brick. It was consecrated in 1871. The old Bragernes church (Gamle Bragernes kirke) was west of Bragernes square. Built in 1708, it burned down in 1866.

Bragernes church is located at the end of Church Street north of Bragernes square in the center of Drammen. Bragernes Cemetery is west of the church. The tower is 64 metres (210 ft) tall.  The pulpit was designed by Ernst Norgrenn, while the baptismal font was by Christian Borch. The altarpiece, Resurrection was painted by Adolph Tidemand. It was copied in many Norwegian churches. The church organ has 38 voices and was built in the romantic style of organ builder Carsten Lund Organ Builders of Copenhagen (Carsten Lund Orgelbyggeri).
Fairview, Coos County, Oregon
Fairview is an unincorporated community in Coos County, Oregon, United States. Fairview is along the North Fork Coquille River about 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Coquille.

According to Oregon Geographic Names, the community's name is descriptive. A local logging railroad once connected Fairview to the Southern Pacific rail network at Fairview Junction near Coquille. A post office opened in Fairview in 1873, with Francis Braden as the first postmaster. The post office name in Coos County led to complications in Fairview in Multnomah County, where the post office at the Fairview railway station was temporarily named Cleone to avoid using the same name for two different post offices. The Coos County office closed in 1913, and the Cleone office became the Fairview office in 1914.

Coquille, Oregon
Coquille /koʊˈkiːl/ is a city in and the county seat of Coos County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,015 at the 2020 census. The primary economic base is the timber industry. The city derives its name from the Coquille Native American tribe.
Indian Angel Network
Indian Angel Network (IAN) is a group of primarily Indian angel investors funding early-stage startups. The group had 450 members from 11 countries in 2017. The members include Ajai Chowdhry, Rajan Anandan, and Anand Ladsairya. The group has invested in companies, such as PregBuddy and SuperProfs. In 2018, one of its founder Padmaja Ruparel was ranked amongst  Fortune (magazine)'s list of The Most Powerful Women in India. On Nov.8th 2020, Indian Angel Network (IAN)  announced the joint with Bangladesh Angels Network (BAN). The aim is to work together to source, cross-refer, and promote linkages in technology-enabled startups in India and Bangladesh to create an enabling environment for venture investing in both ecosystems.

Ajai Chowdhry
Ajai Chowdhry (born 29 August 1950) is one of the six founding members of HCL (Hindustan Computers Limited). He is currently the Chairman-Board of Governors at National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology (NIFFT), Ranchi, International Institute of Information Technology, and Naya Raipur. Chowdhry is also a member of India Semiconductor Mission's advisory board.
AAC Wamira
The AAC Wamira was a turboprop military trainer aircraft, designed for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) by the Australian Aircraft Consortium (AAC). The project was cancelled shortly before the first prototype was completed.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Ozona High School
Ozona High School is a public high school located in Ozona, Texas (USA) and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is part of the Crockett County Consolidated Common School District which covers all of Crockett County. Although the district is county-wide, the high school goes by Ozona. Ozona High School is known for the Lion Band. Although there is a lack of an FFA, CDE and LDE program, there is a stock show and 4-H program that is strong in the community. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Can't Be Heaven
Can't Be Heaven (also known as Forever Together) is a 1999 American comedy-drama film directed by Richard Friedman. The film stars Ralph Macchio, Bryan Burke, Michelle Trachtenberg, Rachel Ticotin and Diane Ladd. The film was loosely based on the 1968 movie Blackbeard's Ghost.

Ralph Macchio
Ralph George Macchio Jr. (/ˈmɑːtʃioʊ/ MAH-chee-oh; Italian: [ˈmakkjo]; born November 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Daniel LaRusso in four Karate Kid films (1984–2025) and in Cobra Kai (2018–2025), a sequel television series. For his work in the latter, Macchio was nominated for two Critics' Choice Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award. He is also known for portraying Johnny Cade in Francis Ford Coppola's ensemble 1983 film, The Outsiders, and Bill Gambini in Joe Pesci's 1992 film My Cousin Vinny. Additional notable performances were in Eight Is Enough (1980–1981), Crossroads (1986), Ugly Betty (2008–2009), and The Deuce (2017–2019). He has also worked as a director and has produced two short films. Macchio received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2024.
Mike Swain
Michael Lee Swain (born December 21, 1960, in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is one of the most successful American judoka. He competed in countless international competitions. He is now the VP of Martial Arts at Dollamur, Sports LP where he develops and sells Martial Arts equipment and continues to be a spokesperson and board member for USA Judo.

Elizabeth, New Jersey
Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City and Paterson, with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 140,413 for 2024, making it the 201st-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township.
Saint Helena hoopoe
The Saint Helena hoopoe (Upupa antaios), also known as the Saint Helena giant hoopoe or giant hoopoe, is an extinct species of hoopoe (family Upupidae) known exclusively from an incomplete subfossil skeleton. Once endemic to the island of Saint Helena, it was last seen around 1550, likely driven to extinction by various aspects of human activity.

Eurasian hoopoe
The Eurasian hoopoe or common hoopoe (Upupa epops) is the most widespread species of the genus Upupa. It is a distinctive cinnamon coloured bird with black and white wings, a tall erectile crest, a broad white band across a black tail, and a long narrow downcurved bill. Its call is a soft "oop-oop-oop".

The Eurasian hoopoe is native to Europe, Asia and Africa. It is migratory in the northern part of its range. Some ornithologists consider the Madagascar hoopoes as a subspecies. The African hoopoe, subspecies U. e. africana, has sometimes been treated as a separate species.
1863 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 7 April 1863 because of the resignation of Alexander Dick, to accept appointment as 
2nd examiner of titles under the Real Property Act.

Alexander Dick (politician)
Alexander Dick (1827 – 1 June 1867) was an Australian politician.

He was the son of Scottish immigrant Alexander Dick, a silversmith, and Charlotte Hutchison. He was admitted as a solicitor in 1850 and practised in Sydney. In 1860 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Liverpool Plains, but he resigned in 1862 to accept an appointment as 2nd Examiner of Titles. Dick died on 1 June 1867(1867-06-01) (aged 39–40).
José Manuel Olivares
José Manuel Olivares Marquina (born 19 August 1985) is a Venezuelan politician, oncologist and nuclear medicine physician who served as a deputy of the National Assembly from Vargas from 2016 to 2021. During his tenure, he was the president of the National Assembly's Health Subcommission, where he spearheaded the National Health Crisis Provision Law and directed humanitarian aid to counteract the effects of the medicine shortage in Venezuela. He was also the president of the Permanent Commission on Integral Family Development. Olivares has been a major figure in the Venezuelan opposition against the government of Nicolás Maduro. In June 2018, Olivares and his family fled to Colombia, where he has helped direct the shipment of humanitarian aid to Venezuela.

Venezuelan opposition
The Venezuelan opposition, also referred to as anti-Chavismo, is a political umbrella term used to describe political, social, and religious movements that have opposed the Chavismo ideology and the associated Bolivarian Revolution political process since 2 February 1999 under Hugo Chávez, Nicolás Maduro, and Delcy Rodríguez.
Secwépemc
The Secwépemc (/ʃəxhwɛpˈmɪx/ shəkh-whep-MIKH; Secwepemctsín: [ʃəˈxʷɛpməx] or [səˈxʷɛpməx]), also known by the exonym Shuswap (/ˈʃuːʃwɑːp/ SHOOSH-wahp), are a First Nations people residing in the interior of British Columbia in Canada. They speak Secwepemctsín or Shuswap, an Interior Salish language.

Secwepemcúĺecw, the traditional territory or country of the Shuswap people, ranges from the eastern Chilcotin Plateau, bordering Tŝilhqot'in Country, and the Cariboo Plateau southeast through Thompson Country to Kamloops. It spans the Selkirk Mountains and Big Bend of the Columbia River to include the northern part of the Columbia Valley region. Their historical territory covers approximately 145,000 square kilometres. Traditionally, they depended on hunting, trading and fishing to support their communities.

Columbia Valley
The Columbia Valley is the name used for a region in the Rocky Mountain Trench near the headwaters of the Columbia River between the town of Golden and Canal Flats. The main hub of the valley is the town of Invermere. Other towns include Radium Hot Springs, Windermere and Fairmont Hot Springs. The Panorama Ski Resort is located near the valley.

The Columbia Valley is home to the Columbia Wetlands, a vital link on a major bird migration route.
Konarlı, Tercan
Konarlı (Kurdish: Şix) is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çarekan and Haydaran tribes and had a population of 161 in 2021.

The hamlets of Aktepe, Aslancayırı, Aşağıcemal, Aşağıkonarlı, Aşağıkuşluca, Bahçe, Beşparmak, Boğaziçi, Bük, Eğlence, Göl, Hacıhüseyin, Kamer, Karabaş, Karşıkarabaş, Kavacık, Közme, Kütuklü, Serince, Sümerli, Şakirağa, Tuğlu, Yukarıaktepe, Yukarıcemal and Yukarıkuşluca are attached to the village.

Tercan District
Tercan District is a district of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The municipality of Tercan is the seat and the district had a population of 16,110 in 2021. Its area is 1,614 km2.

It is home to the Armenian Aprank Monastery, a significant landmark best known for the pair of two monumental khachkars.
1979 Rhodesian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Rhodesia on 30 January 1979. It followed the Internal Settlement drawn up between Prime Minister Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa, leader of the non-violent UANC. The new constitution would bring in black majority rule in the country, which would be renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia. The settlement was supported by the ruling Rhodesian Front, but opposed by the Rhodesian Action Party, which had broken away from the Front.

The referendum was open only to white voters, passing by 85%. Voter turnout was 71.5%.

Despite the transition to majority rule following elections in April, the country remained unrecognised by the international community, and the Patriotic Front parties continued the Bush War until the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement and fresh elections in 1980.

Lancaster House Agreement
The Lancaster House Agreement is an agreement signed on 21 December 1979 in Lancaster House, following the conclusion of a constitutional conference where different parties discussed the future of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, formerly known as Rhodesia. The agreement effectively concluded the Rhodesian Bush War. It also marked the nullification of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, as British colonial authority was to be restored for a transitional period to internationally recognised independence, during which free elections under supervision by the British government would take place. Crucially, ZANU and ZAPU, the political wings of ZANLA and ZIPRA (who had been waging an escalating insurgency since 1964), would be permitted to stand candidates in the forthcoming elections. This was however conditional to compliance with the ceasefire and the verified absence of voter intimidation.
Halegrapha intergrapha
Halegrapha intergrapha is a species of bark-dwelling script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It forms a thin, whitish-grey crust on tree bark and produces black, branching, slit-like fruiting bodies. The species is known from lowland rainforests in Malaysia, including sites in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.

Script lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek for "writing". An example is Halegrapha mucronata.
Bobby Chesney
Robert M. Chesney (born June 23, 1971) is an American lawyer and the Dean of the University of Texas School of Law. He is the Charles I. Francis Professor in Law and was the associate dean for academic affairs before becoming the dean. Chesney teaches courses relating to U.S. national security and constitutional law. He is also the director of the Strauss Center for International Security and Law. Chesney addresses issues involving national security and law, including matters relating to military detention, the use of force, terrorism-related prosecutions, the role of the courts in national security affairs and the relationship between military and intelligence community activities. He is a co-founder and contributor along with Benjamin Wittes and Jack Goldsmith to the Lawfare Blog. He also co-hosts The National Security Law Podcast with former Texas law professor, now at Georgetown Law, Stephen Vladeck.

Social Science Research Network
SSRN (Social Science Research Network) is an open access research platform that functions as a repository for sharing early-stage research and preprints. It facilitates the rapid dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences, among others. It was formerly called Social Science Research Network, now called SSRN to reflect that it hosts content not only in social sciences but also in a wide range of disciplines including economics, law, business and engineering. Elsevier bought SSRN from Social Science Electronic Publishing Inc. in May 2016. It is not an electronic journal, but rather an electronic library and search engine.
Deutscher Computerspielpreis
The Deutscher Computerspielpreis (transl. German Computer Game Award, also DPC) is a prize mainly aimed at the German games industry and has been awarded since 2009. The DCP is awarded by the Cabinet of Germany and the German Games Industry Association game. In addition to awards, chosen categories receive various amounts of prize money donated by supporters of the award ceremony.

11 Bit Studios
11 bit studios S.A. is a Polish video game developer and publisher based in Warsaw. The studio was founded in September 2010 by former members of CD Projekt and Metropolis Software. The studio is most known for developing Anomaly: Warzone Earth (2011), This War of Mine (2014), Frostpunk (2018), Frostpunk 2 (2024) and The Alters (2025).
Abraham Beydler House
Abraham Beydler House, also known as Valhalla Farm, is a historic home located near Maurertown, Shenandoah County, Virginia. It was built about 1800, and is a two-story, six room, brick dwelling in the Federal style.   It has a full basement and a two-story ell added perpendicularly to the house around 1850.  Also on the property are the contributing smokehouse and the remains of a spring house. The house is representative of German immigrant adoption of the Federal style of architecture, popular among residents of the Shenandoah Valley.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Cucullia lactucae
Cucullia lactucae, the lettuce shark, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe, Turkey, the Caucasus and east across the Palearctic to the Altai Mountains (in the east records may be misidentifications of Cucullia fraterna Butler, 1878). In the Alps it rises to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). It is found mainly in barren places, on weeds and debris and scree corridors on slopes, shrubby edges and in vineyards, gardens and parks.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.