hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2016 South Australian blackout
The South Australian blackout of 2016 was a widespread power outage in South Australia that occurred as a result of storm damage to electricity transmission infrastructure on 28 September 2016. The cascading failure of the electricity transmission network resulted in almost the entire state losing its electricity supply, affecting 850,000 SA customers. Kangaroo Island did not lose its supply, as the Kangaroo Island power station had been built to supply the island for the contingency of a failure in the power cable under the Backstairs Passage.

Torrens Island Power Station
Torrens Island Power Station is located on Torrens Island, near Adelaide, South Australia and is operated by AGL Energy. It burns natural gas in eight steam turbines to generate up to 1,280 MW of electricity. The gas is supplied via the SEAGas pipeline from Victoria, and the Moomba Adelaide Pipeline System (MAPS) from Moomba in the Cooper Basin. The station is capable of burning either natural gas or fuel oil. It is the largest power station in South Australia and was formerly the largest single power station user of natural gas in Australia.
Hishi mochi
Hishi mochi (菱餅 / ひしもち) is a symbolic Japanese sweet associated with the Hinamatsuri "Girl's Day" festival, which coincides with the calendar date for Xiuxi (上巳). The sweet is diamond shaped and typically formed from three layers of red (pink), white, and green mochi, from top to bottom. Depending on region, red may be substituted for yellow, or the sweet may have 5 or 7 layers instead. It is usually presented with hina dolls.

The shape is believed to have originated in the Edo period, and to be a representation of fertility.

Double Third Festival
The Double Third Festival (Chinese: 三月三; pinyin: sānyuèsān) sometimes also called the Washing Festival is a traditional holiday originating from China, and is celebrated in multiple East Asian countries, including China and Korea.
Wisconsin Highway 62
State Trunk Highway 62 (often called Highway 62, STH-62 or WIS 62) was a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its latest routing ran north–south on South Packard and Kinnickinnic avenues within the cities of Cudahy, St. Francis, and Milwaukee. Maintenance was turned back to the cities in 1999, and signs were removed, after the completion of the Lake Parkway (WIS 794).

St. Francis, Wisconsin
St. Francis is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 9,161 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Milwaukee along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
Thomas Grace (Archdeacon of Marlborough)
Thomas Samuel Grace (1850 – 1 April 1918) was an Anglican priest in the last decades of the 19th century and the opening decades of the 20th.

Grace was the son of Thomas Samuel Grace, an eminent English Anglican missionary to New Zealand. He  was educated at Church of England Grammar School, Auckland and Bishopdale College; and ordained deacon in 1873, and priest in 1875. He was Domestic Chaplain  to the BIshop of Nelson from 1874 to 1881; a CMS missionary at Whanganui from 1881 to 1885; Vicar of Blenheim from 1885; and Archdeacon of Marlborough from 1890.

Marlborough District
41°53′S 173°40′E﻿ / ﻿41.883°S 173.667°E﻿ / -41.883; 173.667

Marlborough District or the Marlborough Region (Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-waka, or Tauihu), commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, located on the northeast of the South Island. It is administered by Marlborough District Council, a unitary authority, performing the functions of both a territorial authority and a regional council. The council is based at Blenheim, the largest town. The unitary region has a population of 50,800 (June 2025). It borders the Nelson Region and Tasman District to the west, and the Canterbury Region to the south.

Marlborough is known for its dry climate, the Marlborough Sounds, and Sauvignon blanc wine. It takes its name from the earlier Marlborough Province, which was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an English general and statesman.
Mandalay Central Prison
Mandalay Central Prison (Burmese: မန္တလေးဗဟိုအကျဉ်းထောင်), informally known as Obo Prison (အိုးဘိုအကျဉ်းထောင်), is a major prison located in Aungmyethazan Township, Mandalay, Myanmar (formerly Burma). The prison is adjacent to the Obo railway station, and located northeast of the city centre, at the foot of Mandalay Hill. The prison has a capacity of 4,833 inmates. Mandalay Central Prison has housed many prominent political prisoners, including Zaw Myint Maung, Ye Lwin, and Win Htein.

Lala Lajpat Rai
Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਲਾਜਪਤ ਰਾਏ; 28 January 1865 - 17 November 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab). He was one of the three members of the Lal Bal Pal trio. He died of severe trauma injuries sustained in October 1928 during a baton charge by police in Lahore, when he led a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
Diocese of Viterbo
The Diocese of Viterbo (Latin: Dioecesis Viterbiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in central Italy. From the 12th century, the official name of the diocese was the Diocese of Viterbo e Tuscania. In 1986, several dioceses were combined, and the title was changed to "Diocese of Viterbo, Acquapendente, Bagnoregio, Montefiascone, Tuscania and San Martino al Monte Cimino"; in 1991 the name was shortened to "Diocese of Viterbo".

The diocese has always been exempt, immediately subject to the Holy See, not belonging to any ecclesiastical province. The diocesan cathedral is the Cattedrale di San Lorenzo, in the episcopal see of Viterbo.

Pope Urban V
Pope Urban V (Latin: Urbanus V; born Guillaume de Grimoard, 1310 – 19 December 1370) was head of the Catholic Church from 28 September 1362 until his death on 19 December 1370. He was a member of the Order of Saint Benedict and the only Avignon pope to be beatified.

Even after his election as pontiff, he continued to follow the Benedictine Rule, living simply and modestly. This frequently brought him into conflict with his ecclesial peers, 
who were often accustomed to affluent lifestyles.

Urban V pressed for reform throughout his pontificate and also oversaw the restoration and construction of churches and monasteries. One of the goals he set himself upon his election to the Papacy was the reunion of the Eastern and Western Churches. He came as close as some of his predecessors and successors, but did not succeed.
Satish Nigam
Satish Kumar Nigam (born 1 January 1961) is an Indian politician and former member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He won the Kalyanpur assembly seat after defeating the Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Premlata Katiyar. He is a politician of Samajwadi Party. He was elected as the chairman of the seven members committee formed by Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Speaker Mata Prasad Pandey to give judgement on a sting operation of a news channel related to 2013 Muzaffarnagar Riots.

He lost his seat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly election to Nilima Katiyar of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The election to the 17th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held from 11 February to 8 March 2017 in 7 phases. This election saw a voter turnout of 61.11% compared to 59.40% in the previous election. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a landslide victory of 325 seats despite not projecting a chief ministerial candidate before the election. As part of its election strategy, BJP contested under a collective leadership and capitalised mostly on the political clout and 'brand' of its leader Narendra Modi.

On 18 March 2017, Yogi Adityanath was appointed as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Then Uttar Pradesh BJP chief Keshav Prasad Maurya and Dinesh Sharma were appointed as Deputy Chief Ministers.
East Side West Side (Ritter book)
East Side, West Side: Tales of New York Sporting Life 1910–1960 is a sports book written by Lawrence S. Ritter and published in 1998. It is a Total Sports production and was distributed by Andrews McNeel.

The book centers, as its title suggests, on popular sports sites and figures of New York between 1910 and 1960. Among the personalities the book talks about in depth are Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe Louis, Primo Carnera, Tony Canzoneri, Sugar Ray Robinson, Casey Stengel, Mickey Mantle, Joe DiMaggio, Lou Stillman, Jacob Ruppert and more. Sports covered in depth are baseball, basketball, boxing, hockey and horse racing, all of which were popular sports in New York during the 50 years covered by the book.

Joe Louis
Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis has the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.

Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938.
1835 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1835 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election was among three candidates. Incumbent Governor George Wolf ran as an Independent Democrat. In the end Joseph Ritner won the election and became Pennsylvania's only Anti-Masonic governor.

Independent Democrat
In U.S. politics, an independent Democrat is an individual who is loosely associated with the Democratic Party but forgoes membership in the party to remain a independent, or is denied the Democratic nomination in a caucus or primary election. Independent Democrats are not a political party unto themselves and have varying political views; stances significantly to the right or left of the party mainstream are a common reason for becoming an independent Democrat.
Maribel Owen
Maribel Yerxa Owen (April 25, 1940 – February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater.

She was the daughter of skaters Maribel Vinson and Guy Owen and the sister of 1961 U.S. Ladies' Champion Laurence Owen. With pairs  partner Dudley Richards, they placed tenth at 1960 Winter Olympics and won the U.S. national championship in 1961. Along with her mother, sister, and the U.S. Figure Skating team and coaches, Owen died in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 en route to the 1961 World Championships.

Winchester, Massachusetts
Winchester is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 8.2 miles (13.2 km) north of downtown Boston as part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. It is also one of the wealthiest municipalities in Massachusetts. The population was 22,970 at the 2020 United States Census.
Sea change (idiom)
Sea change or sea-change is an English idiomatic expression that denotes a substantial change in perspective, especially one that affects a group or society at large, on a particular issue.  It is similar in usage and meaning to a paradigm shift, and may be viewed as a change to a society or community's zeitgeist, with regard to a specific issue. The phrase evolved from an older and more literal usage when the term referred to an actual "change wrought by the sea", a definition now remaining in very limited usage.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
Andreas Tsipas
Andreas Tsipas (Greek: Ανδρέας Τσίπας; Macedonian: Андреjа Чипов, romanized: Andreja Čipov; Bulgarian: Андрей Чипов, romanized: Andrey Chipov; 1904–1956) was a Slavic Macedonian leader of the Greek Communist Party during the Second World War.

Kostas Lazaridis
Kostas Lazaridis (1900–1943) was a Greek trade unionist and communist politician. He was a member of Central Committee of Communist Party of Greece. Lazaridis was also the General Secretary of the National Workers' Liberation Front (Εθνικό Εργατικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο, ΕΕΑΜ) which constituted the worker's section of National Liberation Front.
First Battle of Fort Fisher
The First Battle of Fort Fisher was a naval siege in the American Civil War, when the Union tried to capture the fort guarding Wilmington, North Carolina, the South's last major Atlantic port. Led by Major General Benjamin Butler, it lasted from December 24–27, 1864.

The Union navy first attempted to detonate a ship filled with powder in order to demolish the fort's walls but this failed; the navy then launched a two-day bombardment in order to demolish the fort and compel surrender. On the second day, the Union army started landing troops in order to begin the siege. But Butler got news of enemy reinforcements approaching, and in the worsening weather conditions, he aborted the operation, declaring the fort to be impregnable. To his embarrassment, Butler was relieved of command on January 8, 1865, and was replaced by Major General Alfred H. Terry, who led a follow-up expedition that captured the fort one week later.

William Lamb (Confederate States Army officer)
William Lamb (September 7, 1835 – March 23, 1909) was an American newspaper editor, politician, businessman, and soldier, noted for his role as a Confederate States Army officer in commanding the Confederate garrison at Fort Fisher at the mouth of the Cape Fear River during the Civil War.
Mzimba East Constituency
Mzimba East Constituency is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Mzimba District of Malawi's Northern Region. It is one of 13 constituencies in Mzimba District. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system. The constituency has six wards, all electing councillors for the Mzimba District. The constituency is currently represented by independent MP Mines Ng'oma who replaced Richard Chavula in 2025. Richard had replaced Wezie Ng'oma who was a good MP but she died in 2021.

Northern Region, Malawi
The Northern Region is one of the three administrative regions of Malawi, located in the north of the country. It covers an area of approximately 26,200 square kilometres and had a population of 2,420,440 as per the 2018 census. Its regional capital is the city of Mzuzu, which is also the third largest city in Malawi. The common language (lingua franca) of the region is Chitumbuka language which is understood by everyone and every ethnic group in the region.

Historically, the first major ethnic group to strengthen its cultural and political presence in the Northern Region were the Tumbuka people, who established themselves primarily in present-day districts of Mzimba, Rumphi, Karonga, Chitipa and parts of Nkhata Bay.
Jacqueline Mattson
Jacqueline "Jackie" Mattson (November 16, 1928 – February 23, 2016) was an American baseball player who played in the catcher position. She played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) in 1950 and 1951, batting and throwing right-handed.  She measured in at 5 foot 5 inches, weighing 100 pounds.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Picture Palace Films
Picture Palace Films is a British production company based in London and best known for its involvement in the Sharpe series. It was founded during the 1980s. Its productions in northern England are separately incorporated as Picture Palace North.

It has also been involved in Four Minutes and the film version of The Acid House. In 2010, Picture Palace announced that it was developing Flashman at the Charge for television, but it has not yet been produced.

Flashman at the Charge
Flashman at the Charge is a 1973 novel by George MacDonald Fraser. It is the fourth of the Flashman novels. Playboy magazine serialised Flashman at the Charge in 1973 in their April, May and June issues. The serialisation is unabridged, including most of the notes and appendixes, and features a few illustrations, collages from various paintings and pictures to depict a period montage of the Charge and Crimea.

While George MacDonald Fraser claimed he never had a favourite among the Flashman novels, he said his agent, George Greenfield, thought this was the best.
Customer Protection and End User Relief Act
The Customer Protection and End User Relief Act (H.R. 4413) was a bill that would have reauthorized the Commodity Futures Trading Commission through 2018 and amended some provisions of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
2012 French Open – Wheelchair men's doubles
Two-time defending champion Shingo Kunieda and his partner Frédéric Cattaneo defeated Michael Jérémiasz and Stefan Olsson in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), [10–6] to win the men's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2012 French Open.

Kunieda and Nicolas Peifer were the reigning champions, but Peifer withdrew due to a right-hand injury.

Nicolas Peifer
Nicolas Peifer (born 13 October 1990 in Strasbourg) is a French wheelchair tennis player. In doubles, Peifer has completed the career Super Slam, having won all four majors, a Paralympic gold medal in 2016, and the Wheelchair Tennis Masters over the course of his career.

In 2007 Peifer won the Junior Masters.
1915 Massachusetts legislature
The 136th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1915 during the governorship of David I. Walsh. Calvin Coolidge served as president of the Senate and Channing H. Cox served as speaker of the House.

President of the Massachusetts Senate
The president of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer.  Unlike the United States Congress, in which the vice president of the United States is the ex officio president of the United States Senate, in Massachusetts, the president of the Senate is elected from and by the senators. The president, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the president is then the de facto leader of that party.

The current president of the Massachusetts Senate, since July 26, 2018, is Karen Spilka, a Democrat from Ashland. Democrats have had a majority in the Senate since 1959. Notable former presidents of the Massachusetts Senate include U.S. president Calvin Coolidge.
Nikolay Kamenskiy
Nikolay Andreyevich Kamenskiy (Russian: Николай Андреевич Каменский; 17 October 1931 – 21 July 2017) was a Soviet former ski jumper who competed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He won a silver medal in the individual large hill at the 1962 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Zakopane.

Kamenskiy also finished fourth in the individual large hill competition at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. He also won the ski jump competition at the Holmenollen ski festival in 1958, the Four Hills Tournament in 1956, and two other victories in normal hill events in 1957.

Zakopane
Zakopane (Podhale Goral: Zokopane) is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2017 its population was 27,266. Zakopane is a centre of Goral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland". It is a popular tourist destination for many types of mountain activities such as skiing, trekking, mountaineering and various forms of climbing.

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Gubałówka Hill. It is connected by rail and road to the provincial capital, Kraków. Zakopane lies 800–1,100 metres (2,600–3,600 ft) above sea level and centres on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.
Multi-track Turing machine
A Multitrack Turing machine is a specific type of multi-tape Turing machine.

In a standard n-tape Turing machine, n heads move independently along n tracks. In an n-track Turing machine, one head reads and writes on all tracks simultaneously. A tape position in an n-track Turing Machine contains n symbols from the tape alphabet. It is equivalent to the standard Turing machine and therefore accepts precisely the recursively enumerable languages.

Recursively enumerable language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language.

Recursively enumerable languages are known as type-0 languages in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages. All regular, context-free, context-sensitive and recursive languages are recursively enumerable.

The class of all recursively enumerable languages is called RE.
Busby Babes
The "Busby Babes" were the group of footballers, recruited and trained by Manchester United chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, who progressed from the club's youth team into the first team under the management of the eponymous Matt Busby from the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s. The squad most associated with the name "babes" was that of the 1957–58 season, many of whom died in the 1958 Munich air disaster, and who, with an average age of 22, had been touted to dominate European football for the next few years.

Colin Webster
Colin Webster (17 July 1932 – 1 March 2001) was a Welsh footballer and Wales international. A striker, he played his club football for Manchester United, Swansea Town and Newport County and was part of the Wales squad for the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden.