hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anne Libby
Anne Libby (born 1987, Los Angeles, California) is an American sculptor and installation artist. Her practice reimagines urban and industrial detritus, such as curtain wall glass, circuit boards, venetian blinds, and plywood, into abstract, architectonic sculptures and wall‑works . Her work has been reviewed in Mousse Magazine, Artforum, Art in America, and appeared in Architectural Digest among other publications.

Architectural Digest
Architectural Digest  (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly magazine founded in 1920. Its principal subjects are interior design and landscaping, rather than pure external architecture. The magazine is published by Condé Nast, which also publishes international editions of Architectural Digest in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico/Latin America, the Middle East, Poland, and Spain.

Architectural Digest is aimed at an affluent and style-conscious readership, and is subtitled "The International Design Authority." The magazine releases the annual AD100 list, which recognizes the most influential interior designers and architects around the world.
Bankapasi railway station
Bankapasi railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman–Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bardhaman–Katwa Road at Bankapasi of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Katwa
Katwa is a sub-divisional town and railway junction in Purba Bardhaman district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Katwa subdivision. The town was built at the confluence of the Ganga and Ajay rivers. Katwa is a border city of three districts; Purba Bardhaman District, Nadia District and Murshidabad District.
Quang Bình, Tuyên Quang
Quang Bình is a commune (xã) of Tuyên Quang Province, Vietnam.

On 16 June 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly promulgated Resolution No. 1684/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Tuyên Quang Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Yên Bình Township and Tân Nam Commune are rearranged to form a new commune named Quang Bình Commune.

Commune-level town
Commune-level town (Vietnamese: thị trấn), a type of third tier subdivision of Vietnam is divided into 11,162 units along with ward and commune have equal status. By virtue of Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP, townships are officially classified into Class-2, Class-3, Class-4 or Class-5. On 1 July 2025, as a result of a constitutional amendment and related legislation, all Commune-level towns ceased to exist.

The townships can only subordinate to district as the Third Tier unit.
1879–80 Home Nations rugby union matches
The 1879–80 Home Nations rugby union matches were a series of international rugby union friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams.

The only recognised competition held between the countries was the annual Calcutta Cup match, contested between England and Scotland. It was the second challenge for the Cup.

Manchester Rugby Club
Manchester Rugby Club, founded in 1860 as "Manchester Football Club", is one of the oldest rugby union clubs in the world. Home matches are played at Grove Park in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport.

The club has a Senior Men's section (1st XV, 2nd XV and 3rd XV), a Senior Women and Youth Girls section (Manchester Women & Girls' Academy), and also Minis, Juniors and Colts (Manchester Academy). The club's home colours are red and white narrow hooped shirts, white shorts and red and white hooped socks. Away colours are navy shirts with red piping, navy shorts and navy socks.  The men's 1st XV currently play in Regional 1 North West, the fifth tier of the English rugby union system. The Women's 1st XV compete in Championship North 2, in the third tier of the English rugby union system.
2013 Subway Firecracker 250
The 2013 Subway Firecracker 250 was the 16th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 12th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, July 5, 2013, in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race was extended from its scheduled 100 laps to 101 due to a green–white–checker finish. At race's end, Matt Kenseth, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would pull away on the final restart to win his 27th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, James Buescher of Turner Scott Motorsports and Elliott Sadler of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
Ettore Paratore
Ettore Paratore (23 August 1907 – 15 October 2000) was an Italian Latinist and academic.

Paratore was born in Chieti, Italy; his father was a doctor and science teacher, while his mother was a professor. He completed his studies in literatures at the University of Palermo in 1927. He later became a professor of Latin literature at the University of Catania. After moving to Rome, he started teaching Greek and Latin grammar at the Sapienza University of Rome.

Paratore wrote groundbreaking works about Latin writers such as Virgil, Tacitus and Petronius. He also focused his writings on the influences of Latin culture on the works by Italian writers as Dante Alighieri, Alessandro Manzoni and Gabriele D'Annunzio. Paratore was a member of the Lincean Academy.

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Thomas Ballard Jr.
Colonel Thomas Ballard Jr. (c. 1654 - bef. October 1710), was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from York County, Virginia.

Ballard was a son of Colonel Thomas Ballard, of the council of state born around 1654 at Middle Plantation, Virginia. He served as one of the justices of York Co. and was Colonel of the Militia. He was burgess for York Co. in 1693, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700-1702, 1703-1705 and 1710-1712. He married Catherine Hubbard, a daughter of John Hubbard. His will was proved in York county, June 18, 1711. He left children, among them Capt. John Ballard, of York county, who died in 1745.

Middle Plantation, Virginia
Middle Plantation in the Virginia Colony was the unincorporated town established in 1632 that became Williamsburg in 1699. It was located on high ground about halfway across the Virginia Peninsula between the James River and York River. Middle Plantation represented the first major inland settlement for the colony. It was established by an Act of Assembly to provide a link between Jamestown and Chiskiack, a settlement located across the Peninsula on the York River.
Nanumea dialect
The Nanumea dialect, also known as te 'Gana Faka Nanumea or Nanumean, is a dialect of Tuvaluan, also considered by some to be a separate language, spoken on the island of Nanumea in northern Tuvalu. It is part of the Northern dialect group of Tuvaluan, and is closely related to other Polynesian languages, especially the languages of the Polynesian outliers, such as Tuvaluan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarani, Samoan and Tokelauan, and less so related to more well-known Polynesian languages such as Māori and 'Ōlelo Hawai'i. There is one Nanumean lexicon.

Nukuoro language
The Nukuoro language is an Ellicean language spoken by about 1,200 people on Nukuoro and Pohnpei—two islands of Pohnpei State within the Federated States of Micronesia. Nukuoro is a remote coral atoll with a population of about 150, where the primary language is Nukuoro. An additional several hundred Nukuoro speakers live in Kolonia, Pohnpei, with smaller diaspora communities elsewhere in Micronesia and in the United States. Most Nukuoro speakers, particularly those that live away from Nukuoro Atoll, are multilingual in Pohnpeian and/or English; some older Nukuoro speakers also know German or Japanese.
DNA marking
DNA marking is a type of forensic identification. It is a method to mark items in a way that is undetectable to the naked eye. A unique DNA marker is applied to the item, and can be recovered to identify the item. In suspected thefts, the suspect can also be tested for traces of the DNA marking. DNA marking can be used to prevent thefts of objects that are hard to mark in any other way (e.g. copper cables). It can also be used to help separate between genuine and counterfeit electronics and other replacement parts.

Copper conductor
Copper has been used in electrical wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s. The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor.

Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, electric power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts.  Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors.
2004 United States presidential election in South Dakota
The 2004 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

South Dakota was won by incumbent President George W. Bush by a 21.5 point margin of victory. Prior to the election, all 12 news organizations considered this a state Bush would win, or otherwise considered as a safe red state. Starting in 1940, the state has voted for the Republican nominee in every presidential election, except 1964.

Roberts County, South Dakota
Roberts County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,280. Its county seat is Sisseton. The county was named for S. G. Roberts of Fargo, North Dakota. It was created on March 8, 1883, and fully organized by August 6 of that year. Its boundary was altered once, in 1885.
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Aripiprazole lauroxil, sold under the brand name Aristada among others, is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic that was developed by Alkermes. It is an N-acyloxymethyl prodrug of aripiprazole that is administered via intramuscular injection once every four to eight weeks for the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole lauroxil was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2015.

Aripiprazole is also available in a once every two months long-acting injectable under the brand name Abilify Asimtufii.

Approved drug
An approved drug is a medicinal preparation that has been validated for a therapeutic use by a ruling authority of a government. This process is usually specific by country, unless specified otherwise.
Ashdon Hoard
The Ashdon Hoard is a hoard of Viking Age coins. It was found in the parish of Ashdon in Essex and has been dated to c.895, providing the latest evidence for a bullion economy in East Anglia. The hoard consists of 71 silver pennies. These include: 29 pennies of Alfred the Great, five pennies of Guthrum, one penny of Guthred, three pennies of Charles the Bald, one penny of Odo of France and 32 pennies of uncertain mint. The hoard is one of the earliest archaeological examples of pecking, and evidence that Carolingian coins were pecked in England. At least one of the Carolingian coins in the hoard is an Anglo-Scandinavian imitation. The hoard contains the only example of a coin minted for Guthred.

Anglo-Scandinavian
Anglo-Scandinavian is an academic term referring to the hybridisation between Norse and Anglo-Saxon cultures in Britain during the early medieval period. It remains a term and concept often used by historians and archaeologists, and in linguistic spheres.

Although evidence for interconnection between Scandinavia and England is present throughout the entire early medieval period, two major concentrations of Scandinavian settlement are evident: the creation of the Danelaw during the mid-ninth century, and the conquest of Sweyn Forkbeard and Cnut in the 1010s.
Bukowo, Wałcz County
Bukowo [buˈkɔvɔ] (German: Buchholz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Człopa, 26 km (16 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and 114 km (71 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Człopa
Człopa [ˈt͡ʂwɔpa] (German: Schloppe) is a town in Wałcz County of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in western Poland. As of December 2021, it has a population of 2,277.

Located in the Wałcz Lake District on three lakes, Człopa is just east of the scenic Drawska Wilderness area which includes Drawieński National Park.
Infinitesimal generator (stochastic processes)
In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — the infinitesimal generator of a Feller process (i.e. a continuous-time Markov process satisfying certain regularity conditions) is a Fourier multiplier operator that encodes a great deal of information about the process.

The generator is used in evolution equations such as the Kolmogorov backward equation, which describes the evolution of statistics of the process; its L2 Hermitian adjoint is used in evolution equations such as the Fokker–Planck equation, also known as Kolmogorov forward equation, which describes the evolution of the probability density functions of the process.

The Kolmogorov forward equation in the notation is just , where  is the probability density function, and  is the adjoint of the infinitesimal generator of the underlying stochastic process. The Klein–Kramers equation is a special case of that.

Klein–Kramers equation
In physics and mathematics, the Klein–Kramers equation or sometimes referred as Kramers–Chandrasekhar equation is a partial differential equation that describes the probability density function f (r, p, t) of a Brownian particle in phase space (r, p). It is a special case of the Fokker–Planck equation.

In one spatial dimension, f is a function of three independent variables: the scalars x, p, and t. In this case, the Klein–Kramers equation is

where V(x) is the external potential, m is the particle mass, ξ is the friction (drag) coefficient, T is the temperature, and kB is the Boltzmann constant. In d spatial dimensions, the equation is

Here  and  are the gradient operator with respect to r and p, and  is the Laplacian with respect to p.

The fractional Klein-Kramers equation is a generalization that incorporates anomalous diffusion by way of fractional calculus.
The Ace of Knaves
The Ace of Knaves is a collection of three mystery novellas by Leslie Charteris, first published in the United Kingdom in 1937 by Hodder and Stoughton, and in the United States by The Crime Club. This book continues the adventures of Charteris' creation, Simon Templar, alias The Saint. Later editions of the book were retitled The Saint in Action. The adventures in this book mark the return of Templar's longtime girlfriend and partner Patricia Holm and his nemesis, Chief Inspector Claud Eustace Teal since The Saint Goes On.

Two of the three novellas were first published in Thriller magazine several months before the book was released; this marked the return of the character to the magazine after a hiatus during which Charteris focused on writing novels.

The Saint (Simon Templar)
The Saint is the nickname of the fictional character Simon Templar, featured in a series of novels and short stories by Leslie Charteris published between 1928 and 1963. After that date other authors collaborated with Charteris on books until 1983; two additional works produced without Charteris's participation were published in 1997. The character has also been portrayed in the franchise The Saint, which includes motion pictures, radio dramas, comic strips, comic books, and three television series.
History of Nairobi
The earliest account of Nairobi's /naɪˈroʊbɪ/ history dates back to 1899 when a railway depot was built in a brackish African swamp occupied by a pastoralist people, the Maasai, the sedentary Akamba people, as well as the agriculturalist Kikuyu people who were all displaced by the colonialists. The railway complex and the building around it rapidly expanded and urbanized until it became the largest city of Kenya  and the country's capital. The name Nairobi comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyirobi, which translates to 'the place of cool waters'. However, Nairobi is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun".

Nairobi National Park
Nairobi National Park is a national park in Kenya that was established in 1946 about 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Nairobi. It is fenced on three sides, whereas the open southern boundary allows migrating wildlife to move between the park and the adjacent Kitengela plains. Herbivores gather in the park during the dry season. Nairobi National Park is negatively affected by increasing human and livestock populations, changing land use and poaching of wildlife.
Despite its proximity to the city and its relative small size, it boasts a large and varied wildlife population, and is one of Kenya's most successful rhinoceros sanctuaries.
Rich Than Famous
Rich Than Famous is a mixtape by American rapper Rich the Kid. It was released on December 25, 2014. The mixtape features guest appearances from YG, Migos, Bobby Shmurda, Rowdy Rebel, Gucci Mane, Peewee Longway and Johny Cinco. The mixtape features production by Darkside Productions, Harry Fraud, K.E. on the Track, Deko, OG Parker, Jahlil Beats, Metro Boomin, Murda Beatz, Ralph Beats, Zaytoven and Spiffy.

Rowdy Rebel
Chad Marshall (born November 24, 1991), known professionally as Rowdy Rebel, is an American rapper. He is a member of the Brooklyn-based GS9 collective, formed by hometown rapper Bobby Shmurda. He is best known for his guest appearance on Pop Smoke's 2020 single, "Make It Rain", which entered the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100.
1919 Copa Ibarguren
The 1919 Copa Ibarguren was the seventh edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Liga Rosarina de Football crowned during 1919.

Boca Juniors (Primera División champion) faced Rosario Central (Liga Rosarina champion) at Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires stadium. Boca Juniors won 1–0 with goal by Miranda.

Estadio GEBA
The Estadio GEBA is a stadium located in the Palermo neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Owned by Club Gimnasia y Esgrima, the stadium is located on the "Sede Jorge Newbery", one of the three facilities of the club. Its current capacity is 12,133 spectators.

The stadium was the main football venue during the 1900s and 1910s, having held matches of the Argentina national team and some club matches during that period. The football team of the club (that played in Primera División from 1911 to 1917) also used the stadium for its home games. After the arson of 1916, the stadium was for a time used mainly for rugby union matches. Nowadays, Estadio GEBA is used for music concerts, having hosted many artists performing there.
Herbert Singerman
Herbert "Herb" Singerman (born 23 April 1946) is a Canadian former wrestler. He competed in both freestyle and Greco-Roman styles at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

Singerman wrestled collegiately at Appalachian State in Boone, North Carolina, where he was an NAIA wrestling All-American and NCAA wrestling championships national qualifier. Following his competitive career, Singerman was a physical education teacher and wrestling coach at A. C. Reynolds High School in Asheville, North Carolina. In 2023, he was inducted into the Appalachian State Athletics Hall of Fame.

Boone, North Carolina
Boone is a town in and the county seat of Watauga County, North Carolina, United States. Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina, Boone is the home of Appalachian State University and the headquarters of the disaster and medical relief organization Samaritan's Purse. The population was 19,092 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for famous American pioneer and explorer Daniel Boone, and every summer from 1952 has hosted an outdoor amphitheatre drama, Horn in the West, portraying the British settlement of the area during the American Revolutionary War and featuring the contributions of its namesake. It is the largest community and the economic hub of the seven-county region of Western North Carolina known as the High Country.
Matías Zagazeta
Matías Zagazeta (born 8 September 2003) is a Peruvian racing driver who competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for DAMS.

Zagazeta is the 2021 F4 British Championship runner-up, and debuted in FIA Formula 3 in 2024 with Jenzer.

AF Corse
AF Corse is an Italian auto racing team founded by former racing driver Amato Ferrari in 1995 in Piacenza.  Strongly linked to the Maserati and Ferrari brands, AF Corse currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship, GT World Challenge Europe, European Le Mans Series, Asian Le Mans Series, and International GT Open, and are four-time champions of the GT2 class of the former FIA GT Championship. The team has also entered cars under Advanced Engineering, AT Racing, PeCom Racing, Spirit of Race, Formula Racing, 8Star Motorsports and MR Racing, and in association with Michael Waltrip Racing (AF Waltrip).