hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augustus Franklin Crail
Augustus Franklin "Frank" Crail (18 November 1842 – 4 September 1924), was a Montana pioneer and homesteader, cattle rancher, developer of a unique strain of wheat, politician, and a 2013 Legacy Inductee into the Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame.

Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame
The Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame is a 501(c)(3) hall of fame  organization. Its stated goal is to ""To honor our cowboy way of life, American Indian cultures, and our collective Montana western heritage.  It confers the honour of induction on an annual list of distinguished individuals.  The Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame is currently colocated with the Charles M Russel Museum in Great Falls Montana.  Fundraising efforts include a specialty car license plate, The hall of fame  was granted US$0.5 million in state funds for site development and project planning during a 2007 special session of the legislature.

A previous proposal was to be located in Wolf Point, Montana, as designated by the State of Montana in 2003. But the Charles M Russel Museum was able to provide space in conjunction with their permanent "Tales from the Saddle: Come Ride along Exhbit" |url=https://cmrussell.org/exhibitions-2/%7Cwebsite=C.M Russel museum: Exhibits |access-date=November 19, 2025}}</ref>
Concubinage in China
Concubinage in China traditionally resembled marriage in that concubines were recognized sexual partners of a man and were expected to bear children for him. Unofficial concubines (Chinese: 婢妾; pinyin: bì qiè) were of lower status, and their children were considered illegitimate. The English term concubine is also used for what the Chinese refer to as pínfēi (嬪妃), or "consorts of emperors", an official position often carrying a very high rank. The practice of concubinage in China was outlawed when the Chinese Communist Party came to power in 1949.

Cao Xueqin
Cao Xueqin ([tsʰǎʊ ɕɥètɕʰǐn] tsow sh'weh-chin; 4 April 1710 – 10 June 1765) was a Chinese novelist and poet during the Qing dynasty. He is best known as the author of Dream of the Red Chamber, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. His given name was Cao Zhan (曹霑) and his courtesy name was Mengruan.
Foothill League
The Foothill League is a high school athletic conference in the Santa Clarita Valley area of Los Angeles County, California that is affiliated with the CIF Southern Section. All current members are part of the William S. Hart Union High School District.

William S. Hart Union High School District
34°24′37″N 118°30′39″W﻿ / ﻿34.4104°N 118.5109°W﻿ / 34.4104; -118.5109
The William S. Hart Union High School District (commonly referred to simply as the Hart District) is a school district in the Santa Clarita Valley of Los Angeles County, California. It serves all of the valley's high school students (grades 9–12) and most of its junior high school students (grades 7–8). As of 2023–24, the total number of enrolled students (in 16 schools) was 22,135. The district's superintendent is Michael Vierra. The district is named after William S. Hart, one of the first western film stars, who lived in Newhall and was a local benefactor. The region served by the Hart District is also served by the Sulphur Springs, Saugus, Castaic, and Newhall elementary school districts.
Kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate dehydrogenase, and 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid 7,8-diol dehydrogenase.  This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Scalopocephalus
Scalopocephalus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa. German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene discovered the holotype skull of Scalopocephalus from the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone in 1924 and named the type species Scalopocephalus watsonianus in 1937. Scalopocephalus is similar in appearance to Scaloposaurus and was first classified in the family Scaloposauridae. Scaloposauridae is no longer recognized as a valid group, and Scalopocephalus is now classified as a basal member of Baurioidea.

Friedrich von Huene
Baron Friedrich Richard von Hoyningen-Huene (22 March 1875 – 4 April 1969) was a German nobleman paleontologist who described a large number of dinosaurs, more than anyone else in 20th-century Europe. He studied a range of Permo-Carboniferous tetrapods. He worked at the collections of the institute and museum for geology and paleontology at the University of Tübingen.
Jan Achacy Kmita
Jan Achacy Kmita (died 27 August 1624 or sometime in 1628) was a Polish poet and translator from Bochnia.

Kmita translated Virgil's Aeneid and Eclogues (1591, 1588) and was particularly well known for his funerary poetry, including Treny na Śmierć Katarzyny Barnickiey Starościny Niepołomickiey (Cracow, 1588) and Łów Dyjanny (1588). His other writings included  Żywoty Królów polskich (1591); Spitamegeranomachia (1595), a mock-heroic work about the wars of Stefan Batory; and a prefatory poem in Simon Syrenius's Zielnik (1613).

Kmita served in Stefan Bathory's Livonian Wars, and later in life was a member of the Babin Republic.

In addition to his literary activities, Kmita served as podżupnik (administrator) of the Bochnia Salt Mine.

Bochnia
Bochnia [ˈbɔxɲa] ⓘ is a town on the river Raba in southern Poland, administrative seat of Bochnia County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Bochnia is most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built in the 13th century, a World Heritage Site and a Historic Monument of Poland.

As of December 2021, Bochnia has a population of 29,317 and an area of 29.87 square kilometres (11.53 sq mi).
Coleophora galbulipennella
Coleophora galbulipennella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae or leaf miners. It is known from Europe, where it is found from Sweden to Spain, Italy and Greece and from Great Britain to southern Russia.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm (0.59–0.67 in). The moth flies in August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Silene nutans, Silene otites, Silene italica, Arenaria grandiflora, Cerastium arvense and Lychnis viscaria.  Silene nutans can sometimes be found in the UK National Vegetation Classification habitat communities: the very widespread MG1 (Arrhenatherum elatius grassland), and thus can be found where Arrhenatherum elatius, (also known as false oat grass), and/or Dactylis glomerata, (cock's-foot), occurs. They create a trivalved, tubular silken case of about 12 mm (0.47 in) long. The case is yellowish white, with several characteristic dark length lines. The mouth angle is about 40°.

Silene otites
Silene otites, called Spanish catchfly, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Silene, native to Europe and the Transcaucasus area, and introduced to Xinjiang in China. It varies its floral odors to attract mosquitoes and moths at night and flies and bees by day. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.
Colony Palms Hotel
The Colony Palms Hotel is located in Palm Springs, California. The hotel has 57 rooms and suites.

It re-opened after a 2007 renovation, and features the "Winner's Circle Suite" in honor of previous owners, Robert S. and Andrea Leeds Howard (owners of the racehorse Seabiscuit).

Seabiscuit
Seabiscuit (May 23, 1933 – May 17, 1947) was a champion thoroughbred racehorse in the United States who became the top money-winning racehorse up to the 1940s. He beat the 1937 Triple Crown winner, War Admiral, by four lengths in a two-horse special at Pimlico and was voted American Horse of the Year for 1938.

A small horse, at 15.2 hands high, Seabiscuit had an inauspicious start to his racing career, winning only a quarter of his first 40 races, but became an unlikely champion and a symbol of hope to many Americans during the Great Depression.

Seabiscuit has been the subject of numerous books and films, including Seabiscuit: the Lost Documentary (1939); the Shirley Temple film The Story of Seabiscuit (1949); a book, Seabiscuit: An American Legend (1999) by Laura Hillenbrand; and a film adaptation of Hillenbrand's book, Seabiscuit (2003), that was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. There is also a street in Indian Trail, North Carolina named after him.
Ammerman
Ammerman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brooke Ammerman (born 1990), American ice hockey player

Celia Ammerman (born 1983), American fashion model

Joseph S. Ammerman (1924–1993), American politician

Nancy Ammerman (born 1950), American sociologist

Robert W. Ammerman (1841–1907), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Ryan Ammerman (born 1985), American volleyball player

Brooke Ammerman
Brooke Reimer (née Ammerman; born July 13, 1990) is an American retired ice hockey forward. She scored the first goal in Metropolitan Riveters franchise history in the inaugural game of the National Women's Hockey League, on October 11, 2015.
Prince of Peace Lutheran College
Prince of Peace Lutheran College is an independent co-educational Lutheran K-12 school located in the leafy  City of Moreton Bay suburb of Everton Hills, Queensland, Australia. It is administered by Independent Schools Queensland, with an enrolment of 660 students and a teaching staff of 105, as of 2025. The school caters to students from Kindergarten to Year 12, on two closely located campuses.

The Junior Campus precinct on Rogers Parade West caters to students from Prep to Year 6. The Kindergarten and Outside Hours School Care facilities are also based on the Junior Campus. The Senior Campus, which is approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the Junior Campus provides education for students in Years 7 to 12.

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.
Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival
The Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival is, as the name implies, an annual festival dedicated to the plays of William Shakespeare. It takes place at the beginning of August at Pendley Manor, a hotel in Tring, Hertfordshire.

The Merry Wives of Windsor
The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597. The Windsor of the play's title is a reference to the town of Windsor, also the location of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England. Though nominally set in the reign of Henry IV or early in the reign of Henry V, the play makes no pretence to exist outside contemporary Elizabethan-era English middle-class life. It features the character Sir John Falstaff, the fat knight who had previously been featured in Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2. It has been adapted for the opera at least ten times. The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics.
Tradition has it that The Merry Wives of Windsor was written at the request of Queen Elizabeth I, who watching Henry IV, Part 1, is said to have asked Shakespeare to write a play depicting Falstaff in love.
Keong Emas
Keong Emas (Javanese and Indonesian for Golden Snail) is a popular Javanese folklore about a princess magically transformed and contained in a golden snail shell. The folklore is a part of the popular Javanese Panji cycle, which tells stories about the prince Panji Asmoro Bangun (also known as Raden Inu Kertapati) and his consort, Princess Dewi Sekartaji (also known as Dewi Chandra Kirana).

Javanese culture
Javanese culture (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ, romanized: Kabudayan Jawa) is the culture of the Javanese people.
Javanese culture is centered in the provinces of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java in Indonesia. Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as Suriname (where 15% of the population are of Javanese descent), the broader Indonesian archipelago region, Cape Malay, Malaysia, Singapore, Netherlands and other countries. The migrants bring with them various aspects of Javanese cultures such as Gamelan music, traditional dances and art of Wayang kulit shadow play.

The migration of Javanese people westward has created the Javanese culture in a small part of the northern coast that is distinct from the Sundanese culture in the majority of West Java and Banten. Being the largest ethnic group, the Javanese culture and people influence Indonesian politics and culture, a process sometimes described as Javanisation.
Cherré-Au
Cherré-Au (French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁe o]) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Cherré (the seat) and Cherreau.

Sarthe
Sarthe (French pronunciation: [saʁt] ⓘ) is a department of the French region of Pays de la Loire, and the province of Maine, situated in the Grand-Ouest of the country. It is named after the river Sarthe, which flows from east of Le Mans to just north of Angers. It had a population of 566,412 in 2019.
Reftinskaya GRES
Reftinskaya GRES is the largest solid fuel thermal power plant in Russia. It is situated in Sverdlovsk Oblast, 100 km north-east of Yekaterinburg and 18 km from Asbest. Reftinskiy town, which is home to 18,000 people, is situated 2.5 km from the GRES, which produces 20,000 million KWh annually. It has a total installed capacity of 3,800 and heat power 350 GKh. Coal from Ekibastuz's coal field (16,3 МJ/kilo of calorific value, ash content for moisture-free fuel is 43,3 %) is used as the main  fuel and the black oil is used as the starting fuel. GRES produces power with the  bar «Outdoor switchgear -500 kV» on five power lines -500 kV and with the bar «Outdoor switchgear -220 kV» on five power lines -220 kV. The station supplies power  to the industrial areas in Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Perm and Chelyabinsk regions. The construction of the electric power station was started in 1963, the launching of the first power unit took place in 1970 and the last one in 1980.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Teachers' Credit Society
The Teachers' Credit Society (TCS) was a credit union founded in 1971: p. 6  best known for its part in the WA Inc scandal of 1987. Over the 16 years it operated, the TCS grew from a 300-member society into the largest credit union in Australia, with 40,000 members and A$550 million on deposit and millions out on loans. The TCS was considered one of the major driving forces behind the 1980s "debt-funded boom" in Western Australia (WA) and its collapse, along with the collapse of several other large corporations within WA such as Qintex, Bond Corporation and The Bell Group, triggered an economic recession in the state.

Qintex
Qintex Limited was an Australian financial services company founded on 1 April 1975, as Takeovers, Equities & Management Securities (TEAM). Its headquarters was in Brisbane, Australia. Its main shareholder and managing director was Christopher Skase. It was renamed Qintex Limited and came to prominence in 1986, collapsing five years later in 1991. At its peak, Qintex owned interests in Channel 7, Mirage Resorts, Hardy Brothers jewellery retail concern and a number of other businesses.
George Anson (priest)
Christianity portal

George Henry Greville Anson (20 February 1820, in Marylebone – 9 February 1898, in Winchester) was a clergyman and member of the Anson family. He was Rector of St James's, Birch-in-Rusholme and served as  Archdeacon of Manchester  from 30 May 1870 to 1890.

The son of Sir William Anson, 1st Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and Exeter College, Oxford and ordained in 1843. After a curacy at Leeds Parish Church he was, for many years, the incumbent at St James, Rusholme, retiring from the posts of Rector, and Archdeacon of Manchester, in 1890.

He married Augusta Agnes Hook on 27 June 1848.

Leeds Minster
Leeds Minster, also known as the Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds (formerly Leeds Parish Church), is the minster church of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the site of the oldest church in the city and is of architectural and liturgical significance. A church is recorded on the site as early as the 7th century, although the present structure is a Gothic Revival one, designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell and completed in 1841. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and was the Parish Church of Leeds before receiving the honorific title of "Minster" in 2012. It has been designated a Grade I listed building by Historic England.
Strength athletics in the United States
Strength athletics in the United States refers to the various strongman competitions organized throughout United States and North America with the elements of all of strength athletics taken into account. United States has held a preeminent position as a nation due to the enormous success of its competitors on the international stage, who between Bruce Wilhelm, Don Reinhoudt, Bill Kazmaier, Mark Henry, Phil Pfister, Derek Poundstone, Brian Shaw, Mike Jenkins and Martins Licis have won twelve World's Strongest Man titles, eight Arnold Strongman Classic titles, in addition to numerous other international strongman competitions won by various different athletes. United States has both amateur and professional sanctioning bodies in the sport.

Don Reinhoudt
Donald C. Reinhoudt (March 5, 1945 – July 3, 2023) was an American powerlifter and strongman. He won the IPF World Powerlifting Superheavyweight Championship four consecutive times (1973–1976), and won the World's Strongest Man in 1979.

Widely considered to be one of the greatest powerlifters of all time, Reinhoudt set over forty powerlifting records throughout his career and held all four of the powerlifting records in his day. His world record raw total of 2,391 pounds (1,085 kg), set in 1975, stood for 38 years.
Junior Robinson (basketball)
Steve Lamont "Junior" Robinson, Jr. (born February 15, 1996)  is an American basketball player who last played for BBC Monthey-Chablais of the Swiss Basketball League (SBL). He played college basketball for Mount St. Mary's. He was born in Mebane, North Carolina.

Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball
The Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team represents Mount St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland, United States. Donny Lind is the program's current head coach since April 20, 2024. It competed in the Northeast Conference (NEC) from 1989 until July 1, 2022, when it joined the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The Mountaineers play their home games at Knott Arena.

The team has played in seven NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments, most recently in 2025. Mount St. Mary's has a 3-7 all-time record at the NCAA tournament, with opening round wins over Coppin State, New Orleans, and American. They were NCAA Division II National Champions in 1962 and the NCAA Division II runner-up in 1981.

The Mount St. Mary's basketball program likely is known best for the career of head coach Jim Phelan, who coached at Mount St. Mary's for 49 years, compiling 830 wins in 1,354 games. He was inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008.
Cämmerswalde
The village of Cämmerswalde in the municipality of Neuhausen/Erzgeb is in the south of the Saxon district of Mittelsachsen in eastern Germany. The state-recognised spa resort with its 800-year-old history, lies near Seiffen in the eastern part of the Western Ore Mountains not far from the Czech border. The village is a classic Waldhufendorf, with a length of over five kilometres. Cämmerswalde is divided into Oberdorf, Mitteldorf and Niederdorf (upper, middle and lower village). Since 1994, Cämmerswalde has belonged to the municipality of Neuhausen/Erzgeb, but used to be an independent parish with the hamlets of  Deutschgeorgenthal, Haindorf and, from 1924, Neuwernsdorf and Rauschenbach.

Waldhufendorf
The Waldhufendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltˌhuːfn̩dɔʁf] ⓘ, "forest village"; plural: -dörfer) is a form of rural settlement established in areas of forest clearing with the farms arranged in a series along a road or stream, like beads on a chain. It is typical of the forests of central Germany and is a type of Reihendorf, in which each farmstead usually has two wide strips of land adjacent to the farmhouse.
Māori phonology
Māori phonology is the system of sounds used in the spoken Māori language. The phonology is typical for a Polynesian language, with its phonetic inventory being one of the smallest in the world, with considerable variation in realisation. Māori retains the Proto-Polynesian syllable structure: (C)V(V(V)), with no closed syllables. The stress pattern differs from other Polynesian languages.

Voiceless labiodental fricative
A voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "f" sound in "face". The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.
Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra
The Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra (東京都交響楽団, Tōkyo-to Kōkyō Gakudan) (also known as Tokyō (都響)) is a Japanese orchestra based in Tokyo.  Their offices are based at the Tokyo Bunka Kaikan, a concert venue owned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.  The orchestra performs regularly at Tokyo Bunka Kaikan, Suntory Hall and Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre.

Suntory Hall
The Suntory Hall (サントリーホール) is a concert venue in the central Akasaka district of Tokyo, Japan. Part of the Ark Hills complex, it consists of a main concert hall, widely considered one of the finest in the world for its acoustics – Herbert von Karajan called it “a jewel box of sound” – and a smaller side-hall for chamber music. Its roof is an extended, tiered, landscape garden. Construction began in the late 1970s and the facility opened in October 1986.