hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Number of terrorist incidents by country
This is a list of the number of incidents labelled as Terrorism and not believed to have been carried out by a Government or its forces (see State terrorism and State-sponsored terrorism). The following tables show the number of incidents, deaths, injuries based on data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) which was collected and collated by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland. The GTD defines a terrorist attack as "the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non‐state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation."

Global Terrorism Database
The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is a database of terrorist incidents from 1970 onward. As of May 2021, the list  extended through 2019 recording over 200,000 incidents, although data from 1993 is excluded.  The database is maintained by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland, College Park in the United States. It is also the basis for other terrorism-related databases, such as the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) published by the Institute for Economics and Peace.

As of 2025, the GTD is closed and is only accessible by requesting use via giving personal information.
Ghaznavid conquest of Multan
The Ghaznavid Empire under Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 998–1030) carried out multiple military expeditions against the Fatimid backed Ismaili Sh'ia Lodi dyansty of Multan. In 1006 AD, Mahmud besieged Abu'l Fateh Daud, who had adopted Qaramatian heretical beliefs. Ghaznavids consolidated their authority over Multan but soon faced revolt in 1008. Final campaign was taken 1010 AD which abolished the Emirate of Multan.

Qarmatians
The Qarmatians were an Isma'ili Shia militant movement led by an Arabized dynasty of Persian descent, centred in Al-Ahsa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhered to a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam, and were ruled by a dynasty founded by Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi. They rejected the claim of Fatimid Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah to imamate and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid Caliphates.

Mecca was sacked by a Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone and desecration of the Zamzam Well with corpses during the Hajj season of 930 CE.
Valtion lentokonetehdas
Valtion lentokonetehdas (State aircraft factory) was a Finnish aircraft manufacturing company that was founded on 23 February 1928 from the IVL or I.V.L. factory (Ilmailuvoimien lentokonetehdas, Finnish Air Force Aircraft Factory), founded in 1921.

The company was transferred from being subordinate to the Finnish Air Force to being subordinate to the Ministry of Defence. The company, and its products were named with the prefix VL.

Ministry of Defence (Finland)
The Ministry of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeriö [ˈpuo̯lustusˌministeriø], Swedish: försvarsministeriet) is one of the 12 ministries which comprise the Finnish Government. The ministry is in charge of Finland's national defence policy, national security, and international cooperation in defence policy matters. It is Finland's ministry of defence. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Defence.

The Ministry of Defence's budget for 2018 is €2,871,971,000. As of 2016, roughly 25% of the defence budget was spent in payroll of the defence forces, 20% in procurement of material and 25% in other operational expenses.
Guipry
Guipry (French pronunciation: [ɡipʁi]; Breton: Gwipri; Gallo: Gipri) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Guipry-Messac.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility
NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a particle collider complex being constructed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to perform experiments such as Nuclotron ion beams extracted to a fixed target and colliding beams of ions, ions-protons, polarized protons and deuterons. The projected maximum kinetic energy of the accelerated ions is 4.5 GeV per nucleon, and 12.6 GeV for protons.

Tesla (unit)
The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density (also called magnetic B-field strength) in the International System of Units (SI).

One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre. The unit was announced during the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and is named in honour of Serbian-American electrical and mechanical engineer Nikola Tesla, upon the proposal of the Slovenian electrical engineer France Avčin.
Blood and Bullets
Blood and Bullets (Italian: Sangue di sbirro, also known as Knell, Bloody Avenger) is a 1976 Italian poliziottesco film written and directed by Alfonso Brescia and starring Jack Palance, George Eastman and Jenny Tamburi.

Alfonso Brescia
Alfonso Brescia (6 January 1930 – 6 June 2001) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He began working in film against his father's wishes, and eventually directed his first film Revolt of the Praetorians in 1964. Brescia worked in several genres in the Italian film industry, including five science fiction films he directed following the release of Star Wars. His work slowed down towards the late 1980s, and his last film Club Vacanze could not get distribution.
Portrait of James Christie
Portrait of James Christie is a 1778 portrait painting by the British artist Thomas Gainsborough. It depicts the Scottish auctioneer James Christie, the founder of the London auction house Christie's.

A fashionable Society portraitist, Gainsborough had moved from Bath to London in 1774 and lived by Schomberg House close to Christie's auction house on Pall Mall. He depicts Christie in fashionable dress of the era and leaning on the frame of a large landscape painting likely to be one of Gainsborough's own.
It was one of twelve paintings that Gainsborough submitted to the Royal Academy 's Summer Exhibition that year.

The work hung for many years at Christie's premises. The painting was acquired by J. Paul Getty and is now in the collection of the Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall /ˌpæl ˈmæl/ ⓘ is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio, literally "ball-mallet".

The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club's headquarters have been on the street since 1908.
Charmian O'Connor
Dame Charmian Jocelyn O'Connor DNZM CBE JP (née Bishop, born 4 August 1937) is a New Zealand physical organic chemist.  She became the first female professor of chemistry at the University of Auckland in 1986, and retired in 2004.

Physical organic chemistry
Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest.
1989 Algerian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Algeria on 23 February 1989. Coming after the 1988 October Riots, the new constitution removed references to socialism and allowed for multi-party democracy. Despite calls for a boycott by radical Islamists and opposition from trade unions and FLN members, the amendments were approved by 73% of voters with a 79% turnout. Local elections were scheduled for the following year, with parliamentary elections to be held in 1991.

1991 Algerian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Algeria on 26 December 1991. They were the first multi-party parliamentary elections since independence, but the second round due to be held on 16 January 1992 was cancelled five days before by a military coup after the military expressed concerns that the Islamic Salvation Front, which was almost certain to win more than the two-thirds majority of seats required to change the constitution, would form an Islamic state. This led to the outbreak of the Algerian Civil War.

Of 430 seats contested, 232 were won outright with 50% or more of the first-round vote; the remaining 198 would have proceeded to a second round contested only by the two candidates with the highest number of votes. Voter turnout in the first-round was 59%.
Buyeo Hyo
Buyeo Hyo (扶餘孝, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the queen.

They went to Busosanseong (Busosan Fortress) where they held out for a short time but there were many that knew that could not withstand the forces of the Silla–Tang alliance and a certain soldier opened up the gate and surrendered to fortress. After this he was taken to Luoyang in China where he disappears from history.

His younger brother, Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), settled in Japan and was given the family name Kudara no Konikishi (百濟王; king of Baekje) by the emperor of Japan.

Sabi (Korea)
Sabi (Korean: 사비) was the third and final capital of the Korean kingdom of Baekje (Korean: 백제; MR: Paekche), from 538 until Baekje's fall in 660 CE. The site of Sabi is located in modern-day Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province, in South Korea.
2001 Houston mayoral election
The 2001 Houston mayoral election took place on November 6, 2001.  Incumbent Mayor Lee Brown was re-elected to a third term.  Officially the race was non-partisan.  None of the candidates received a majority of the votes, so a run-off election was held on December 1, 2001.

Chris Bell (politician)
Robert Christopher Bell (born November 23, 1959) is an American politician, attorney, and former journalist. He is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin and South Texas College of Law. A member of the Democratic Party, Bell served five years on the Houston City Council from 1997 to 2001, followed by one term in the United States House of Representatives from Texas's 25th Congressional District in Houston from 2003 to 2005.

Bell was the Democratic nominee in the 2006 Texas gubernatorial election, losing to incumbent Republican governor Rick Perry in an election featuring two major independent candidates.

Bell is currently an attorney specializing in personal injury and commercial litigation. Prior to practicing law, Bell had been a prominent radio journalist in Texas.
David Kewley
David "Dawsey" Kewley (1850 – 25 March 1904) was a Manx boatman, member of the Douglas Rocket Brigade and volunteer in the Lifeboat Service. Reports of the number of people he saved from drowning vary – some contemporary reports claim he saved up to 38 lives while others report 25. It is generally recognized that he was directly involved in saving at least 23 people, and as a member of the Douglas Lifeboat Crew, he assisted in saving many more. He received numerous awards from the Royal Humane Society for these feats. One contemporary account reported that he would not speak about his deeds and disliked hearing other people discuss them.

Manx people
The Manx (/mæŋks/ manks; Manx: ny Manninee) are an ethnic group originating on the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea in Northern Europe. They belong to the Gaelic ethnolinguistic group, which now populate the parts of the British Isles which once were the Kingdom of the Isles and Dál Riata. The Manx are governed through the Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal), the legislature of the island, which was introduced by Viking settlers over a thousand years ago. The native mythology and folklores of the Manx belong to the overall Celtic Mythology group, with Manannán mac Lir, the Mooinjer veggey, Buggane, Lhiannan-Shee, Ben-Varrey and the Moddey Dhoo being prominent mythological figures on the island. Their language, Manx Gaelic (Gaelg, Gailck) is derived from Middle Irish, which was introduced by settlers that colonised the island from Gaelic Ireland. However, Manx Gaelic later developed in isolation and belongs as a separate Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic languages.
3rd Flying Training Squadron
The 3rd Flying Training Squadron is part of the 71st Operations Group under the 71st Flying Training Wing. It operates the T-1A Jayhawk aircraft conducting advanced phase tanker/transport flight training.

The 3rd FTS is the third-oldest squadron in the Air Force, with over 95 years of service to the nation, its origins date to the organization of the 3rd Aero Squadron on 1 November 1916 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.  Deployed to the Philippines after World War I, during the 1941-1942 Battle of the Philippines, it was wiped out, with some of its personnel being forced by the Japanese to endure the Bataan Death March. It was not re-activated until 1973.

Fort Sam Houston
Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. Known colloquially as "Fort Sam", it is named for the first president of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston.

The installation's missions include serving as the command headquarters for United States Army North, United States Army South, the Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) headquarters, the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) Center and School, the Fifth Recruiting Brigade, Navy Regional Recruiting, the San Antonio Military Entrance and Processing Station, and the Medical Education and Training Campus (METC). On 1 October 2010, Fort Sam Houston joined Lackland Air Force Base and Randolph Air Force Base to create Joint Base San Antonio, under Air Force administration.
Joseph S. Cottman
Joseph Stewart Cottman (August 16, 1803 – January 28, 1863) was an American politician.

Born near Allen in Somerset (now Wicomico) County, Maryland, Cottman completed preparatory studies, attended Princeton College in 1821, and Yale College in 1822 and 1823.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1826, and commenced practice in Princess Anne, Maryland.  He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1831, 1832, and again in 1839, and also served in the Maryland State Senate in 1837.  He was elected from the sixth district of Maryland as an Independent Whig to the Thirty-second Congress and served from March 4, 1851, to March 3, 1853.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress, and resumed the practice of law while also engaging in agricultural and literary pursuits.  He died on his farm Mortherton, near Allen and is interred in St. Andrew's Episcopal Churchyard in Princess Anne.

Allen, Maryland
Allen is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. Its population was 210 as of the 2010 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church, Bennett's Adventure, and Bounds Lott are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Heywood railway station, Victoria
Heywood railway station is a disused station on the Portland railway line in the town of Heywood, in the state of Victoria, Australia. The last passenger train between Ararat and Portland was on 12 September 1981, operated by a DRC railcar. The platform and station building are still in place at Heywood, although in a disused condition. Some of the former yard remains as unconnected broad gauge track, with power connections also provided to a work camp area. The former goods shed was removed by October 1983, and the through line was converted to standard gauge in 1995.

A line known as the Mount Gambier-Heywood railway line was opened between Heywood and Mount Gambier in 1917. Service was suspended on 11 April 1995, due to the standardisation of the Maroona – Portland line and is pending for standard gauge conversion.

Mount Gambier railway station
Mount Gambier railway station was the terminus of the Mount Gambier railway line and the junction for the Beachport and Mount Gambier-Heywood railway lines in the South Australian city of Mount Gambier. It was last used in 2006, and has since been transformed into a public community space.
Henri (2013 film)
Henri is a 2013 Franco-Belgian drama film directed by Yolande Moreau. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film received four nominations at the 5th Magritte Awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Yolande Moreau.

Magritte Award for Best Director
The Magritte Award for Best Director (French: Magritte du meilleur réalisateur) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux. It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working within the film industry. It is one of the Magritte Awards, which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements.

The 1st Magritte Awards ceremony was held in 2011 with Jaco Van Dormael receiving the award for his work in Mr. Nobody. As of the 2022 ceremony, Laura Wandel is the most recent winner in this category for her work in Playground.
Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2007 Pan American Games
The Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2007 Pan American Games was a successful campaign, first recognised by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) in August 2001. Rio de Janeiro began working on the idea of staging the 2007 Pan American Games during the 1999 Pan American Games held in Winnipeg, Canada. There was a strong desire among sportspersons and officials at that time to work so that the best of national sport could be showcased at home, in a large event using state-of-the-art fields-of-play. Based on this strategic vision, the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) General Assembly decided in December 1999 that Brazil would not bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympics and would instead focus its efforts on the bid for the 2007 Pan American Games. The important results obtained by the Brazilian delegation at the Winnipeg Games and the wide publicity for the event in Brazil encouraged sports authorities to definitely support the Rio de Janeiro bid to host the 2007 Pan American Games.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Multicollinearity
In statistics, multicollinearity or collinearity is a situation where the predictors in a regression model are linearly dependent.

Perfect multicollinearity refers to a situation where the predictive variables have an exact linear relationship. When there is perfect collinearity, the design matrix  has less than full rank, and therefore the moment matrix  cannot be inverted. In this situation, the parameter estimates of the regression are not well-defined, as the system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Imperfect multicollinearity refers to a situation where the predictive variables have a nearly exact linear relationship.

The Gauss–Markov theorem assumes absence of perfect multicollinearity.

The adverse effect of highly correlated variables is widely known and proven many times.

To address the high collinearity of a dataset, variance inflation factor can be used to identify the collinearity of the predictor variables.

Stepwise regression
In statistics, stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of predictive variables is carried out by an automatic procedure. In each step, a variable is considered for addition to or subtraction from the set of explanatory variables based on some prespecified criterion. Usually, this takes the form of a forward, backward, or combined sequence of F-tests or t-tests.

The frequent practice of fitting the final selected model followed by reporting estimates and confidence intervals without adjusting them to take the model building process into account has led to calls to stop using stepwise model building altogether or to at least make sure model uncertainty is correctly reflected by using prespecified, automatic criteria together with more complex standard error estimates that remain unbiased.
Simon Stapleton
Simon John Stapleton (born 10 December 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent the majority of his career at Wycombe Wanderers.

Born in Oxford, Stapleton started his career as an apprentice at Portsmouth, before joining Bristol Rovers in 1988, where he made his Football League debut. He joined Conference side Wycombe Wanderers in 1989, where he helped the team win promotion to the Football League in 1992–93. During the same season, Wycombe also reached the final of the FA Trophy, but Stapleton did not play after failing a late fitness test.

After making 49 League appearances for the club, he left Wycombe in 1996 and went on to have brief spells with non-League clubs Slough Town and Rushden & Diamonds. He finished his career with Stevenage Borough, where he played against Premier League side Newcastle United in the fourth round of the 1997–98 FA Cup.

Slough Town F.C.
Slough Town Football Club is a semi-professional English football club based in Slough, Berkshire. Nicknamed "The Rebels", the team competes in the National League South, at the sixth tier of English football, following promotion from the Southern League at the end of the 2017–18 season.