hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aaron of Neustadt
Aaron Blümlein (Hebrew: אהרן בלומלין; died 13 March 1421), known as Aaron of Neustadt, was an Austrian Talmudist who studied with Shallom of Neustadt and Jaekel of Vienna formed a triumvirate of Talmudic scholars in Austria at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. He was the uncle and chief instructor of Israel Isserlein, who frequently alludes in his works to the decisions and opinions of his teacher. Jacob Mölln (Maharil) also refers to him and his colleagues. Aaron suffered the death of a martyr, at Vienna, on 13 March 1421. He wrote a digest, Hilkot Niddah, which is mentioned by Isserlein. A collection of sermons by Aaron is now known only through three citations in the works of Jacob Mölln and of Isserlein.

Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin (Hebrew: יעקב בן משה מולין) (c. 1365 – September 14, 1427) was a Talmudist and posek (authority on Jewish law) best known for his codification of the customs (minhagim) of the German Jews. He is also known as Maharil (Hebrew: מהריל) - the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Yaakov Levi" - as well as Mahari Segal or Mahari Moelin.  Maharil's Minhagim was a source of law for Moses Isserles’ component of the Shulkhan Arukh.
1992 Supercopa Libertadores
The 1992 Supercopa Libertadores was the fifth season of the Supercopa Libertadores, a club football tournament for past Copa Libertadores winners. The tournament was won by Cruzeiro, who beat Racing 4–1 on aggregate in the final. This was the second time Cruzeiro had won the Supercopa Libertadores.

As the new reigning Copa Libertadores champions, Brazilian side São Paulo were admitted into the competition.

Colombian side Atlético Nacional took part for the first time in 3 seasons.

Liga DIMAYOR
The Liga DIMAYOR, commonly referred to as Liga BetPlay Dimayor due to sponsorship by online betting company BetPlay, is a professional association football league in Colombia and the highest level of the Colombian football league system.

A total of twenty clubs compete in the league's regular season. División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano, better known as DIMAYOR, organizes the competition and operates the league system of promotion and relegation for both Liga DIMAYOR and Torneo DIMAYOR leagues. Since its foundation in 1948, sixteen teams have been crowned as Colombian football champions. The most successful club is Atlético Nacional with 18 titles. The league was ranked as the 11th strongest national league in the world at the end of 2023 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics.
Bas Ek Chance
Bas Ek Chance (Gujarati: બસ એક Chance) is a 2015 Gujarati film, directed by Kirtan Patel and produced by Kirtan Patel. The film stars Aditya Kapadia and Bhakti Kubavat in the lead roles. Others includes famous actor Rajeev Mehta, Falguni Dave, Mushtaq Khan, Alpesh Dhakan, Mitra Gadhavi. The movie is about a young artist who is trying to get into the movie industry, and waiting for the right break at the right time which will change his life. The movie is about his journey and how amidst finding the right chance he also finds himself. The film was released on 25 September 2015 in India, Muscat, Australia, the US, and Canada.

Vadodara
Vadodara (Gujarati: [ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯] ⓘ), also known as Baroda, is a city on the banks of the Vishwamitri River in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district. The city is named for its abundance of banyan (vad) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari (transl. 'Cultural City') and Kala Nagari (transl. 'City of Art') of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace, which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Washington's 32nd legislative district
Washington's 32nd legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature.

It includes the cities of Lynnwood, Edmonds (both in Snohomish County) and Shoreline (in King County).

The district's legislators are state senator Jesse Salomon and state representatives Cindy Ryu (position 1) and Lauren Davis (position 2), all Democrats.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
Nicola Lavery
Nicola Lavery (born 19 November 1960) is a British cross-country skier. She competed in four events at the 1984 Winter Olympics.

She is also a fell runner, having completed a winter Bob Graham Round and won the Wasdale, Ennerdale and Three Shires races.

Ennerdale Horseshoe Fell Race
The Ennerdale Horseshoe Fell Race is an annual Lake District fell race held in June, starting and finishing at the Scout Camp near Ennerdale Water. The route is approximately 36.8 kilometres (22.9 mi) in length with 2,290 metres (7,510 ft) of ascent and takes in checkpoints at Great Borne, Red Pike, Blackbeck Tarn, Green Gable, Kirk Fell, Pillar, Haycock, Iron Crag and Crag Fell.
Jack Troy
John Bernard Troy (2 October 1928 – 20 January 1995), was an Australian rugby league footballer who played as a winger for Newtown and Eastern Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL), Australia's major rugby league competition. He also represented Australia internationally and New South Wales against Queensland.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Thanikachalam Sadagopan
Thanikachalam Sadagopan is an Indian cardiologist, medical academic, and former Vice-Chancellor at the Sri Ramachandra University. He is the chairman and director of the Cardiac Care Centre at Sri Ramachandra University and an adjunct professor at the Biomedical Engineering Group of the Department of Applied Mechanics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai. He is known for research on preventive cardiology and has published several articles on the subject. He has been involved in several multinational multicentric drug trials including the PURSE-HIS Epidemiological Study of the Tufts University School of Medicine and the study on Nuna Kadugu, a Siddha medicine used to treat various skin diseases. He is a recipient of Dr. B. C. Roy Award of the Medical Council of India, the highest Indian award in the medical category. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for his contributions to Medicine.

IIT Madras
The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras or IITM) is a public institute of technology located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Along with being recognized as an Institute of Eminence, IIT Madras is widely regarded as one of India’s most prestigious higher education institutions, consistently ranking first nationally in engineering and overall categories by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) for many years.

As an Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Madras is also recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. Founded in 1959 with technical, academic and financial assistance from the government of West Germany, IITM was the third Indian Institute of Technology to be established.
Bobby Duggan
Bobby Duggan (born 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays as a centre-forward for the Clare senior team.

Born in Clarecastle, County Clare, Duggan was introduced to hurling in his youth. He first came to prominence playing in the Harty Cup with St. Flannan's College while simultaneously joining the minor and under-21 teams with the Clarecastle club. Duggan subsequently joined the club's senior team.

Duggan made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Clare minor team before later enjoying All-Ireland success with the under-21 team. He made his senior debut during the 2014 Waterford Crystal Cup. He has since gone on to become a regular member of the Clare senior team.

2014 Waterford Crystal Cup
The 2014 Waterford Crystal Cup was the ninth staging of the Waterford Crystal Cup since its establishment in 2006. The competition began on 12 January 2014 and ended on 7 February 2014.

Clare were the defending champions but lost out to Tipperary by 4-22 to 3-11 in the final.
Res nullius
Res nullius is a term of Roman law meaning "things belonging to no one"; that is, property not yet the object of rights of any specific subject. A person can assume ownership of res nullius simply by taking possession of it (occupatio). However, in ancient Rome, certain forms of res nullius could never be owned (res extra commercium) because they were considered to belong either in common to all or to the divine rather than human dominium. The use of res nullius as a legal concept continues in modern civil legal systems.

Examples of res nullius are wild animals (ferae naturae) or abandoned property (res derelictae). Finding can also be a means of occupatio (i.e. vesting ownership), since a thing completely lost or abandoned is res nullius, and therefore belonged to the first taker. Specific legislation may be made, e.g. for beachcombing.

Beachcombing
Beachcombing is an activity that consists of an individual "combing" (or searching) the beach and the intertidal zone, looking for things of value, interest or utility. A beachcomber is a person who participates in the activity of beachcombing.

Despite these general definitions, beachcombing and beachcomber are words with multiple, but related, meanings that have evolved over time.
Service central de la sécurité des systèmes d'informations
The Service central de la sécurité des systèmes d'informations (SCSSI) (English: Central Service for Information System Security) was responsible for regulation of the use of cryptosystems by the government of France. Users for authentication must make a declaration to the SCSSI that is then verified, and users for privacy purposes are required to have an authorization from SCSSI.

Cryptosystem
In cryptography, a cryptosystem is a suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service, such as confidentiality (encryption).

Typically, a cryptosystem consists of three algorithms: one for key generation, one for encryption, and one for decryption. The term cipher (sometimes cypher) is often used to refer to a pair of algorithms, one for encryption and one for decryption. Therefore, the term cryptosystem is most often used when the key generation algorithm is important. For this reason, the term cryptosystem is commonly used to refer to public key techniques; however both "cipher" and "cryptosystem" are used for symmetric key techniques.
Lake Hajikabul
Hajikabul (Azerbaijani: Hacıqabul gölü) is the sixth-largest lake of Azerbaijan.

It is located to the south-west of Baku, near Shirvan city, in Hajigabul Rayon, not far from a railway station. The lake's total area is 1,668 ha, maximal length - 6 km, maximal width - 3 km and depth - 5 m. The lake is supplied by waters of the Kura River, with a special channel. The water temperature hesitates between 5 °C and 28,5 °C. Pellucidity of water is between 0,06 and 2,5 m. Barbel, carp, sheatfish, pike, zander and grass carp are commercial fishes of the lake. Water plants such as reed mace, reed, bulrush, buttercup and hornwort are met in the lake.

The lake is located in Kur-Araz Lowland. It formed in the result of withdrawal of the Caspian Sea in a definite geological period. Spring flows of the Kura River increase the area of the lake.

It doesn't freeze in winter and has a great significance for hibernation of migratory birds.

Şirvan, Azerbaijan
Shirvan (Azerbaijani: Şirvan) is a city in Azerbaijan, located on the Kura River. It was called Zubovka until 1938 and Ali Bayramli until 2008. From 1938 to 1954, Shirvan was a village. It was granted city status on January 4, 1963. The territory of Shirvan is 72.7 km2, and the population is 87,400 according to the 2020 census. Population density is 1226 persons per 1 km2. The city also includes the settlement of Hajigarahmanly and Bairamly. 98.5% of the population are Azerbaijani, while others - Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Turks, and other natives.
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
Academic relations between Iran and the United States involve a branch of cultural relations between the two countries that became widespread, especially during the Pahlavi dynasty era.

Higher education in Iran during the modern era generally begins with the establishment of the academy of Dar ul-Funun. However, there have already been a number of activities to establish higher education institutions in Iran, in which the Americans have played a major role.

Joseph Cochran
Joseph Plumb Cochran, M.D. (January 14, 1855 – August 18, 1905), was an American Presbyterian missionary and medical doctor. He is credited as the founding father of Iran's first modern Western medical school, Westminster College (now Urmia University) in 1879.
Aleksandra Troitskaya
Aleksandra Sergeyevna Troitskaya (Russian: Алекса́ндра Серге́евна Тро́ицкая; 1896–1979) was a Soviet microbiologist-leprologist, candidate of medical sciences. Author of cancer vaccine. Honorary Citizen of Kaluga (1996).

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
File Grinders' Society
The File Grinders' Trade Society was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It represented skilled workers in the cutlery trade in Sheffield. The file-grinders had a particularly strong union compared to other societies in the cutlery trade. It was formed in 1845 and had 204 members in 1860, rising to 240 out of 320 employees in the trade in 1890. By 1910, membership had fallen to 195 out of 250 workers. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1975.

Cutlery
Cutlery are utensils used for serving and eating food at the dining table — originally referring to just knives, whereas forks and spoons were silverware — all part of flatware (American English) or tableware, these both encompassing crockery as well. These three implements first appeared together on tables as a set in Britain in the Georgian era. A collected set of silverware is called a canteen of cutlery, typically referring to the polished wooden compartmental case in which they are stored.

The city of Sheffield in Yorkshire, England has been famous for the production of cutlery since the 17th century. An express passenger train – the Master Cutler – running from Sheffield to London was named after the industry. The development of cheap and mass-produced stainless steel in Sheffield in the early 20th century brought affordable cutlery to the masses.

Sheffield's counterparts are Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme in the Auvergne of France and Solingen in the Northern Rhineland of Germany.
David's Bridal
David's Bridal is a clothier in the United States that specialized in wedding dresses, bridesmaid dresses, prom and homecoming dresses, quinceañera dresses, flower girl dresses, other formal wear, and alterations. Until filing for bankruptcy in 2023, David's Bridal operated 298 stores in 49 states, Canada, and the United Kingdom, making it the largest American bridal-store chain It sold 25-30% of all wedding dresses purchased in the United States.

Since 2000, the chain of stores has been sold numerous times and has gone through two bankruptcy filings within a five-year period. On July 24, 2023, CION Investment Corp. took control of David's Bridal after investing 20 million dollars. With a revolving line of credit and a term loan offered by Bank of America, it was announced that the chain would have 195 stores and 7,000 employees.

Quinceañera
In Latin American cultures, it is customary to celebrate a girl's 15th birthday. In Spanish, the girl celebrating her 15th birthday is called a quinceañera; in English, primarily in the United States, quinceañera is used to refer to the celebrations and honors surrounding the special occasion. The Spanish names for the celebration can be literally translated to English as the 'celebration of the 15-year-old' (fiesta de quinceañera, fiesta de quince años), '15 years' (quince años, quinceañero) or just '15' (quinces).
Wheat rust
Wheat rusts include three types of Pucciniae:

P. triticina, wheat leaf rust, leaf rust, wheat brown rust, or brown rust

P. graminis, stem rust, wheat stem rust, barley stem rust, or black rust

P. striiformis:

P. striiformis var. striiformis, stripe rust, yellow rust, yellow stripe rust, or strip rust
P. striiformis var. tritici, wheat yellow rust or wheat stripe rust

Wheat leaf rust
Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a fungal disease that affects wheat, barley, rye stems, leaves and grains. In temperate zones it is destructive on winter wheat because the pathogen overwinters. Infections can lead up to 20% yield loss. The pathogen is a Puccinia rust fungus. It is the most prevalent of all the wheat rust diseases, occurring in most wheat-growing regions. It causes serious epidemics in North America, Mexico and South America and is a devastating seasonal disease in India. P. triticina is heteroecious, requiring two distinct hosts (alternate hosts).
Sadoff
Sadoff is a surname, a transliteration of the Russian surname Sadov. Notable people with the surname include:

David Sadoff (born 1961), American international law expert

Fred Sadoff (1926–1994), American actor

Ira Sadoff (born 1945), American poet

David Sadoff
Dr. David Sadoff (b. 1961) is an American international law and policy expert, specializing in rule of law programming, intelligence affairs, and international enforcement law. He has served as managing director of the Clooney Foundation for Justice, general counsel of the International Development Law Organization, and deputy legal adviser and director of intelligence programs and reform on the National Security Council staff.
Peter Loob
Peter Roland Loob (born 23 July 1957) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman. He played mostly in the Swedish Hockey League and played for the Swedish national team at the 1983 World Championships. In the 1984 NHL Entry Draft he was selected for Quebec Nordiques (as the 211th overall draft), where he played eight games, but played most of the 1984–85 season for the Fredericton Express in the American Hockey League and Muskegon Mohawks in the International Hockey League. The next year he returned to Sweden to play for Södertälje SK. He currently lives in Vadstena.

Loob is the older brother of Håkan Loob.

Quebec Nordiques
The Quebec Nordiques (French: Nordiques de Québec, pronounced [nɔʁdzɪk] in Quebec French, /nɔːrˈdiːks/ nor-DEEKS in Canadian English; translated "Northmen" or "Northerners") were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (1972–1979) and the National Hockey League (1979–1995). The franchise was relocated to Denver in May 1995 and renamed the Colorado Avalanche. They played their home games at the Colisée de Québec from 1972 to 1995.

The Nordiques were the only major professional sports team based in Quebec City in the modern era, and one of two ever; the other, the Quebec Bulldogs, played in the National Hockey Association (NHA) from 1910 to 1917 and one season in the NHL in 1919–20.
Ang Mahiwagang Baul
Ang Mahiwagang Baul (transl. the enchanted chest) is a Philippine television drama fantasy anthology series broadcast by GMA Network. Starring Eissen Bayubay, Sandy Talag and Carme Sanchez, it premiered on July 17, 2005. The series concluded on January 28, 2007 with a total of 74 episodes.

The series features retelling popular Philippine myths, legends and folktales. It was originally slated for seven episodes, was later extended due to viewership ratings and feedback from the viewers. Some episodes were released on DVD by GMA Records and Home Videos in 2007 in three volumes. The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.