hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Star of the South
The Star of the South, also known as 'Limar', is a diamond found in Brazil in July 1853. The diamond is cut into a cushion shape and weighs 128.48 carats (25.696 g). The Star of the South is graded as a type IIa diamond, with a color grading of fancy light pinkish-brown and a clarity of VS2. At the time when Madi Magassa discovered it at  Bagagem River, the diamond weighed 254.5 carats (50.90 g). It has passed through the hands of many owners, including the Maharaja of princely Baroda State in India, and its last known purchase was by Cartier, the French luxury jeweler around 2002, when it was sold to them by Rustomjee Jamsetjee of Mumbai. The light reflected by the diamond is white, and the refracted light is of a rose tint. This gives the diamond its light pinkish-brown hue.

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
1992 United States Olympic trials (track and field)
The 1992 United States Olympic trials for track and field were held at Tad Gormley Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. Organised by The Athletics Congress (TAC), the ten-day competition lasted from June 19 until June 28 and also served as the national championships in track and field for the United States.  This was the first time the Olympic trials served in the dual capacity since 1932. The Marathon trials were held April 11, in Columbus, Ohio.

The results of the event determined qualification for the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics held in Barcelona, Spain.

These trials also saw the premature conclusion of the Dan & Dave Reebok advertising campaign as Dan O'Brien failed to make the Olympic team in the Decathlon after missing his attempts in the Pole vault.

Dan O'Brien
Daniel Dion O'Brien (born July 18, 1966) is an American former decathlete and Olympic gold medalist. He won the Olympic title in 1996, three consecutive world championships (1991, 1993, 1995), and set the world record in 1992.
Jack Curley
Jack Curley (July 4, 1876 - July 12, 1937), born Jacques Armand Schuel, was a sports promoter of the early 1900s.  He managed several high-profile boxing events around the turn-of-the-century and he also established professional wrestling as a viable business in the big city, and he eventually built the New York City office into an industry power while negotiating an agreement between the nation's most powerful regional territories.

Władek Zbyszko
Władysław Cyganiewicz (November 30, 1892  – June 10, 1968), better known by the ring name Władek Zbyszko (Polish: [ˈvwadɛk ˈzbɨʂkɔ]), was a Polish catch wrestler, professional wrestler and strongman. "Zbyszko" was his older brother Stanislaus Zbyszko's childhood nickname, borrowed from a fictional medieval knight in the novel Krzyżacy; both brothers used it as their ring name.
Chain O'Lakes State Park (Indiana)
Chain O’Lakes is an Indiana state park on 2,718 acres (11.00 km2) in Noble County, Indiana, in the United States. The park is located near the towns of Albion and Avilla and is 19 miles (31 km) northwest of the northeastern Indiana's major city, Fort Wayne.

Noble County, Indiana
Noble County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,457. The county seat is Albion. The county is divided into 13 townships which provide local services. Noble County comprises the Kendallville, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Fort Wayne-Huntington-Auburn, IN Combined Statistical Area.
Walkersville Southern Railroad
The Walkersville Southern Railroad (reporting mark WS) is a 6.72 mile (11 km) heritage railway in Walkersville, Maryland. running from MP 60.0 south of Woodsboro, MD to MP 66.72 just north of the intersection of Route 26 and U.S. Route 15 near Frederick, Maryland (Using PRR Milepost data where mileage ran north to south, and Frederick was at MP 69.0).

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
Warwick Mountain
Warwick Mountain is a mountain in Alberta, Canada.

It is located south of Warwick Creek in the Athabasca River Valley of Jasper National Park. It stands east of the Chaba Icefield and north of the Columbia Icefield.

The mountain was named in 1919 by Arthur O. Wheeler after Warwick Castle in England when he noted the castellated appearance of the mountain and it being situated just 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Mt. King Edward.

Chaba Icefield
The Chaba Icefield is an ice field located at the southern end of Hamber Provincial Park, extending into Jasper National Park and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta–British Columbia border.
Hugh Casson
Sir Hugh Maxwell Casson CH KCVO PRA RDI (23 May 1910 – 15 August 1999) was a British architect, also active as an interior designer, an artist, and a writer and broadcaster on twentieth-century design. He was the director of architecture for the 1951 Festival of Britain. From 1976 to 1984, he was president of the Royal Academy.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Biller
Biller is an Anglo Saxon and German surname, and it's a variant of Buhler. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Biller, independent American filmmaker

Georg Christoph Biller (1955–2022), German choral conductor of the Thomanerchor

John Biller (1879–1960), American athlete who competed mainly in the standing jumps

José Biller, American cardiologist

Kenneth Biller, TV producer, TV writer, TV director and TV editor, best known for Star Trek: Voyager

Maxim Biller (born 1960), German writer

Nigel Biller (born 1967), British illustrator, writer and musician

Nikola Biller-Andorno, German bioethicist

Stefanie Biller (born 1985), long-distance swimmer from Germany

Anna Biller
Anna Biller is an American filmmaker who wrote and directed the feature films Viva (2007) and The Love Witch (2016). Biller considers herself a feminist filmmaker and consciously explores feminist themes throughout her work, including exploring the female gaze in cinema. She is vocal on both her website and in interviews about gender inequalities in the film industry.
Theophil Ruderstaller
Theophil Ruderstaller (born 1906 in Ostermiething, Upper Austria; died 10 June 1946, in Fuxin, China) was a capuchin and China missionary.

In 2005, Bishop Joseph Wei from Qiqihar - since 2002 apostolic administrator of the former Capuchin mission Kiamusze (Jiamusi) - told Gaudentius Walser from the North Tyrolean Capuchin province that two coffins with the corpses of Theophil Ruderstaller (Ostermiething) and Antonin Schörcksnadel (Innsbruck) had been found while digging a fountain in the garden of a private house. On 10 July 1946 they were shot in the parsonage.

Currently, there is a beatification running for Theophil Ruderstaller.

Qiqihar
Qiqihar (also spelled Tsitsihar) is the second-largest city in the Heilongjiang province of China, in the west central part of the province. The built-up (or metro) area made up of Longsha, Tiefeng and Jianhua districts had 959,787 inhabitants, while the total population of the prefecture-level city was shrinking to 4,067,489 as of the 2020 census (5,367,003 as of 2010). In 2024, the total registered population of the city will be 5.06 million. Among them, the rural population is 3.165 million.These are mainly Han Chinese, though the city is also home to thirty-four minorities including Manchus, Daur, and Mongols. Numerous wetlands are close to Qiqihar, including the Zhalong Nature Reserve, famous in China for being home to numerous red-crowned cranes.
James Riley (cricketer)
James Riley (11 December 1860 – 8 November 1937) was an English cricketer.  Riley was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire.

Riley made two first-class appearances for Nottinghamshire in 1898 against Derbyshire at Trent Bridge in the County Championship and against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. These two matches saw him score a total of 3 runs and bowled a total of 23 wicketless overs.

He died at Derby, Derbyshire on 8 November 1937.

1898 County Championship
The 1898 County Championship was the ninth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 9 May to 3 September 1898. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won their third championship title, with Middlesex finishing as runners-up for the first time.

In April, John Tunnicliffe and Jack Brown of Yorkshire, set a then-record partnership for any wicket of 554, against Derbyshire at Queen's Park, Chesterfield.
Mark Koevermans
Mark Koevermans (Dutch pronunciation: [mɑr(k) ˈkuvərmɑns]; born 3 February 1968) is a former tennis player from the Netherlands, who turned professional in 1987. He represented his native country as a lucky loser at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was defeated in the third round by Brazil's Jaime Oncins. Going by the nickname Koef, a right-hander, won one career title in singles (Athens, 1990). He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 27 May 1991, when he was ranked number 37.

In April 2009, Koevermans was appointed as commercial director at Dutch football club Feyenoord.

ATP Athens Open
The ATP Athens Open is a defunct Grand Prix and ATP Tour affiliated tennis tournament held annually in Athens in Greece from 1986 to 1994, played on outdoor clay courts at Athens Lawn Tennis Club. In 2008 the tournament was renewed under the new name of the Status Athens Open on the ATP Challenger Series, awarding $75,000 in prize money. The historical precursor event to this one was the Athens International Championships founded as the Greek International Championships in 1931, that ran as a combined men's and women's event until 1973. The men's tournament was revived one more time in 1981 then it was discontinued. It was also played at the Athens Lawn Tennis Club.
Transport in Mangaluru
Mangaluru's location in the Indian state of Karnataka makes it accessible by all forms of transport: road, rail, air and sea. It is the largest city in the Coastal Karnataka region, and is the only city in Karnataka and one among the six cities in India to have an International Airport, a Major Seaport, railway & road connectivities. It is the second prominent city of Karnataka after the state capital Bengaluru in all aspects. It is one of the fastest developing cities in India.

Konkan Railway zone
The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Konkan Railway line from Roha to Thokur is operated and maintained by Konkan Railway corporation (KRCL).  The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore. During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway to implement new technology. Anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and roll-on/roll-off are several of the railway's innovations.  The 756.25 km (469.91 mi) long railway line connects the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The first train on the completed track was sent off on 26 January 1998.
Bharatpur Ring Road
Bharatpur Ring Road (National Highway 77, NH77) is a proposed ring road marked, as a national highway in Nepal. This ring road is located in Bharatpur metropolis in Chitwan District of Bagmati Province. The total length of this road/highway is 60 kilometres (37 mi) out of which 29.18 kilometres (18.13 mi) of the road has been opened and construction is underway.

Bharatpur, Nepal
Bharatpur (/ˈbʌrətpʊr/, Nepali: भरतपुर, pronounced [ˈbʱʌɾʌt̪pur] ⓘ) is a metropolitan city in south central Nepal. It is the third most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu and Pokhara with  369,377 inhabitants in 2021. It is also the second largest metropolitan city in Nepal by area. It is the district headquarter of the Chitwan District.

Bharatpur is one of the fastest-growing cities in Nepal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Narayani River and serves as a commercial center of the Chitwan district and the central region of Nepal. Most of the shopping area lies in the area of Narayangadh, while government offices, hospitals and colleges are situated in other parts of the city, including Nepal's premier cancer hospital, B.P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital.

In March 2017, Bharatpur was declared a metropolitan city after Narayani Municipality, Chitrawan Municipality and Kabilas Village were merged into it.
Longville, Minnesota
Longville pronunciationⓘ is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 153 at the 2020 census. The city was named after its founder, Jim Long. It is roughly four hours north of the Twin Cities. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area. Minnesota State Highway 84 serves as a main route in the community, and Minnesota State Highway 200 is nearby. Longville is home to Longville Municipal Airport.

Minnesota State Highway 200
Minnesota State Highway 200 (MN 200) is a 201.203-mile-long (323.805 km) highway in northwest and northeast Minnesota, which runs from North Dakota Highway 200 at the North Dakota state line near Halstad, and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 2 in Northeast Aitkin County, 9-miles west of Floodwood.

At the western terminus, upon crossing the Red River, the roadway continues westward as state highways numbered 200 all the way to Idaho, a total distance of about 1,356 miles (2,182 km).

The route runs across Minnesota from west to east, connecting Ada, Mahnomen, Walker, and Floodwood.
Ruszki, Łódź Voivodeship
Ruszki [ˈruʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Bedlno, 11 km (7 mi) east of Kutno, and 50 km (31 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
Francis Coppieters
Francis Coppieters (September 7, 1930 in Brussels – 1990) was a Belgian jazz pianist. He was the son of Fernand Coppieters.

Coppieter's first professional experience was as a teenager, playing with Toots Thielemans in 1947-1948. He also played in Hazy Osterwald's band soon after. Following a move to Paris, he played with Jacques Pelzer, Buck Clayton, René Thomas, Bobby Jaspar and then became a member of Aime Barelli's ensemble after Francy Boland's departure. He relocated to Germany in 1957, where he played with Kurt Edelhagen for several years and taught at the Cologne Conservatory. Later he worked with musicians such as Charly Antolini, Taps Miller, Klaus Weiss, Slide Hampton, Lucky Thompson, Wilton Gaynair, and Jiggs Whigham.

Hazy Osterwald
Rolf Osterwald (February 18, 1922 – February 26, 2012), better known as Hazy Osterwald, was a Swiss jazz bandleader, trumpeter, and vibraphonist.

Osterwald began his career as a pianist. He arranged for Fred Böhler in the late 1930s and joined him as a trumpeter in 1941; around this time he also worked with Edmond Cohanier, Philippe Brun, Bob Huber, Eddie Brunner and Teddy Stauffer. He led his own ensemble starting in 1944, recording through the 1970s, with sidemen including Ernst Höllerhagen and Werner Dies. In the late 1940s he recorded with Gil Cuppini and played at the Paris Jazz Fair with Sidney Bechet and Charlie Parker.

Osterwald led the house band at the Red Onion, an Aspen eatery, in the early 1970s. He died in 2012 at age 90.
Dorsum Cayeux
Dorsum Cayeux is a wrinkle ridge at 1°36′N 51°12′E﻿ / ﻿1.6°N 51.2°E﻿ / 1.6; 51.2 in Mare Fecunditatis on the Moon. It is approximately 95 km long and was named after French geologist Lucien Cayeux in 1976 by the IAU.

Dorsum Cayeux begins on the north side of Taruntius P crater and trends to the northwest past Taruntius K crater, and then it curves back to the northeast and flattens out into the mare surface northwest of Smithson crater.  The ridge is probably a continuation of Dorsa Geikie, which ends on the south side of Taruntius P crater (i.e., the object that created Taruntius P impacted the ridge).

Wrinkle ridge
A wrinkle ridge is a type of feature commonly found on lunar maria, or basalt plains. These features are low, sinuous ridges formed on the mare surface that can extend for up to several hundred kilometers. Wrinkle ridges are tectonic features created after the lava cooled and solidified. They frequently outline ring structures buried within the mare, follow circular patterns outlining the mare, or intersect protruding peaks. They are sometimes called veins due to their resemblance to the veins that protrude from beneath the skin.
Fakhr al-Mulk (Seljuk vizier)
Fakhr al-Mulk was a Persian bureaucrat, who served as the vizier of the Seljuk sultan Berkyaruq (r. 1092–1105) from 1095 to 1099, and later vizier of the Sejluk prince and ruler of Khurasan, Ahmad Sanjar, from 1101 to 1106. He was the eldest son of the prominent Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
M37 (Pretoria)
The M37 road is a short metropolitan route in the City of Tshwane in Gauteng, South Africa. It is in the city of Centurion, connecting Wierdapark with the Noordwyk suburb of Midrand via Rooihuiskraal and The Reeds. For much of its route, it is named Rooihuiskraal Road.

City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Afrikaans: Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane), also known as the City of Tshwane (/tswɑːnɪ/), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa. The metropolitan area is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area.
Journal of LGBT Youth
The Journal of LGBT Youth is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering gender studies especially as pertaining to LGBT youth. It was established in 2003 as the Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, obtaining its current title in 2008, and is published by Routledge. The founding editor-in-chief was James T. Sears, who was succeeded by Kristopher Wells (MacEwan University).

James T. Sears
James T. Sears (born August 12, 1951) is an American educator, historian, and activist. He is a former professor at the University of South Carolina, Trinity University, Harvard University, and Penn State. The author of books about LGBT history and sexuality education, his archive of correspondence, research notes, interviews (totaling 138 linear feet in 317 boxes) is located at the Rubenstein Library of Duke University with ancillary materials at the College of Charleston Special Collections.
Boulder Mountains (Montana)
The Boulder Mountains are a mountain range running roughly north to south located west of Boulder between Helena and Butte in the U.S. state of Montana. Parts of the range are in four different counties: Deer Lodge, Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Silver Bow.

Haystack Mountain, which reaches 8,819 feet (2,688 m), is the tallest peak in the range. The three other highest peaks are Jack Mountain at 8,752 feet (2,668 m), Bull Mountain at 8,609 feet (2,624 m), and Thunderbolt Mountain at 8,597 feet (2,620 m). All four peaks are in Jefferson County.

Helena, Montana
Helena (listenⓘ; /ˈhɛlənə/) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.

Helena was founded as a gold camp during the Montana gold rush, and established on October 30, 1864. Due to the gold rush, Helena became a wealthy city, with approximately 50 millionaires inhabiting the area by 1888. The concentration of wealth contributed to the city's prominent, elaborate Victorian architecture.

At the 2020 census Helena's population was 32,091, making it the 5th least populous state capital in the United States and the 6th most populous city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Helena Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson counties; the MSA's population being 83,058 according to the 2020 census.

The local daily newspaper is the Independent Record. The city is served by Helena Regional Airport (HLN).