hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Oppen
George Oppen (April 24, 1908 – July 7, 1984) was an American poet, best known as one of the members of the Objectivist group of poets. He abandoned poetry in the 1930s for political activism and moved to Mexico in 1950 to avoid the attentions of the House Un-American Activities Committee. He returned to poetry—and to the United States—in 1958, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1969.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
Goose Creek (Bear Creek tributary)
Goose Creek is a stream in northeastern Wayne County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Bear Creek.

The stream headwaters arise just north of the Mark Twain National Forest south of the community of Burbank (at 37°08′03″N 90°22′08″W﻿ / ﻿37.13417°N 90.36889°W﻿ / 37.13417; -90.36889) and it flows northeast to east roughly parallel to Missouri Route E. The stream confluence with Bear Creek is about 1.5 miles south of the community of Hiram and two miles west of the community of Lowndes. The confluence is at 37°09′15″N 90°18′17″W﻿ / ﻿37.15417°N 90.30472°W﻿ / 37.15417; -90.30472.

Goose Creek was so named on account of wild geese near its course.

Lowndes, Missouri
Lowndes is an unincorporated community in eastern Wayne County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately twenty miles southwest of Marble Hill, along Missouri Route E. Bear Creek flows past the north side of the community and Barnes Creek is just east of the community.

A post office called Lowndes has been in operation since 1840. The community has the name of Lowndes Henry Davis, a Missouri congressman.
Anthony Henry Holland
Anthony Henry Holland (25 November 1785 – 10 October 1830) was a Halifax businessman and printer. He was named after and the godson of Anthony Henry.

Holland is best known for founding the Acadian Recorder in 1813. In 1819, he founded and successfully ran the first paper mill in Atlantic Canada. It was known as the Acadia Paper Mill and was located on the Nine Mile River, near Bedford Basin.

He is buried in the cemetery of the Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Nine Mile River, Nova Scotia
Nine Mile River is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in East Hants Municipality in Hants County. It takes its name from the river which flows through it. Nine Mile River is District 3 for the Municipality of East Hants, served by Councillor Eldon Hebb. Nine Mile River is home to a small United Church and a volunteer fire department.
Belfort Synagogue
The Belfort Synagogue is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 6, rue de l'As-de-Carreau, in the city center of Belfort, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté  region of France. The congregation worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

The Jewish community was established in the town in the 13th century. Today the congregation is active, although the Jewish community is very small.

The stone synagogue building was erected in 1857, designed by Léon Jossier and Aristide Poisat in the Byzantine Revival style during the Second French Empire. The building was added as a monument historique on 18 October 1983. In 2015, the synagogue was one of several synagogues subjected to antisemitic attacks.

An old Jewish cemetery from 1811 is in current use. In the nearby town of Foussemagne, Jews from Belfort and Foussemagne renovated the Foussemagne former synagogue building as a Jewish museum.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Wiregrass Central Railroad
The Wiregrass Central Railroad (reporting mark WGCR) is a shortline railroad operating 19.5 miles (31.4 km) of track from a CSX Transportation connection at Waterford, near Newton, to Enterprise, Alabama via the south side of Fort Novosel. The company was initially a subsidiary of Gulf and Ohio Railways and began operations in 1987 following the purchase of the Enterprise Subdivision branch line of CSX Transportation.

Industrial customers include Pilgrim's Pride, Wayne Farms, and the Sessions Company. Primary commodities include peanuts, peanut oil, corn, soy, and grass seed, generating approximately 8,200 annual carloads in 2008.

In April 2011, the Wiregrass Central was named as one of the three railroads being acquired by RailAmerica from Gulf and Ohio for $12.7 million following employee votes to unionize. In 2012, RailAmerica was acquired by Genesee & Wyoming, which is the current operator of the railroad.

Seaboard System Railroad
The Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. (reporting mark SBD) was a US Class I railroad that operated from 1982 to 1986.

Since the late 1960s, Seaboard Coast Line Industries had operated the Seaboard Coast Line and its sister railroads—notably the Louisville & Nashville and Clinchfield—as the "Family Lines System". In 1980, SCLI merged with the Chessie System to create the holding company CSX Corporation; two years later, CSX merged the Family Lines railroads to create the Seaboard System Railroad.

In 1986, Seaboard renamed itself CSX Transportation, which absorbed the Chessie System's two major railroads the following year.
Abortion in Costa Rica
Abortion in Costa Rica is severely restricted by criminal law. Currently, abortions are allowed in Costa Rica only in order to preserve the life or physical health of the woman. Abortions are illegal in almost all cases, including when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest and when the foetus has medical problems or birth defects. Both social and economic factors have led to this legal status. It remains unclear whether abortions are legal to preserve the mental health of the woman, though the 2013 United Nations abortion report says Costa Rica does allow abortions concerning the mental health of a woman.

Under the Carlos Alvarado Quesada administration, the discussion of the "Technical Norm" to regulate the already legal therapeutic abortion is a hot issue, as the Evangelical parties (who have a large bloc in the Legislative Assembly) vigorously oppose it.

Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Legislativa) forms the unicameral legislative branch of the Costa Rican government. The national congress building is located in the capital city, San José, specifically in the Carmen district.

The Legislative Assembly is composed of 57 deputies (Spanish: diputados), who are elected by direct, universal, popular vote on a closed party list, proportional representation basis, by province, for four-year terms. A 1949 constitutional amendment prevents deputies from serving for two successive terms, though a deputy may run for an Assembly seat again after sitting out a term. As of March 2019, a proposal to switch to mixed-member proportional representation based on the German system is under discussion.
Contactor
A contactor is a type of relay (electrically operated switch) with high power rating (current rating and voltage rating). Contactors usually refer to devices switching more than 15 amperes or in circuits rated more than a few kilowatts. Contactors are typically used to control electric motors (combination motor starters), lighting, heating, capacitor banks, thermal evaporators, and other electrical loads. The physical size of contactors ranges from a device small enough to pick up with one hand, to large devices approximately a meter on a side.

Contactors usually have provision for installation of additional contact blocks, rated for pilot duty, used in motor control circuits.

Motor controller
A motor controller  is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical faults. Motor controllers may use electromechanical switching, or may use power electronics devices to regulate the speed and direction of a motor.
Atlantic Business Football Club
Atlantic Business Football Club (commonly referred to as Atlantic Business FC or ABFC) is a Nigerian amateur football club based in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state. The club currently competes in the Nigeria Nationwide League (NLO), the 3rd tier of the Nigerian football league system.

Nigeria Amateur League Division Two
The Nigerian Nationwide League Division Two (2) is the fourth level of club  football in Nigeria, and the middle of the three Nationwide league divisions. It is divided into eight groups by geography with five to eight teams each. Every year, up to eight teams (the section champions) are promoted to the Nationwide Division One.
R v Gnango
Regina v Armel Gnango [2011] UKSC 59 is the leading English criminal law case on the interaction of joint enterprise, transferred malice, and exemption from criminal liability where a party to what would normally be a crime is the victim of it. The Supreme Court held, restoring Gnango's conviction for the murder of Magda Pniewska, that he was guilty of murder notwithstanding the fact that he had not fired the shot which killed Pniewska during the shoot out which led to her death, and that the fatal shot had been fired by his opponent in an attempt to kill him. The judgment of the Supreme Court has been criticised over the alleged extent to which it was designed to mollify public opinion, and in the context of debates over the nature of the doctrine of joint enterprise.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Alexander Neil McLean
Alexander Neil McLean (November 12, 1885 – March 12, 1967) was a Canadian businessman and an appointee to the Senate of Canada.

Born in Hartland, New Brunswick, he was known as Neil. Along with his brother, Allan, in 1923 he and a group of investors took control of Connors Brothers Limited, a large fish processing business based in Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick. As president of the company, Neil McLean built the business into the world's largest producer of canned sardines.

In 1945, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Neil McLean to the Senate for the Southern New Brunswick division. He served until his death in 1967.

Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick
Blacks Harbour is a community in the rural community of Eastern Charlotte, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023. It is on a harbour of the same name opening onto the Bay of Fundy. It is 15 kilometres southeast of the town of St. George, 3 kilometres west of Beaver Harbour and 56 kilometres east from the town of St. Stephen on Route 176.
Joan Junceda
Joan Junceda, full name Joan García Junceda i Supervia (13 February 1881 in Barcelona – 10 September 1948 in Blanes, Selva), was one of the most important Catalan artists and illustrators in the first half of the 20th century. His father was from Asturian origin. Junceda worked in many publications, including ¡Cu-Cut!, Papitu, Picarol and En Patufet.

Blanes
Blanes (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈblanəs]) is a town and municipality in the comarca of Selva in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. During Roman rule it was named Blanda or Blandae. It is known as the "Gateway to the Costa Brava". Its coast is part of the Costa Brava, which stretches from Blanes to the French border. The township is 18.29 km2 (7.06 sq mi). Blanes is a popular tourist town, and it is known for the Concurs de Focs d'Artifici during the Santa Anna festival; this event includes many fireworks. Other places of interest include botanical gardens, coves such as the Cala Bona, and beaches that are surrounded by mountains.
Ralph D. Parker
Ralph D. Parker (1898–1983) worked in the Canadian mining industry. In 1921, he obtained a B. Sc. degree from the University of California.

Parker became a superintendent of mines at Inco beginning in 1931. He rose through the company and became senior vice-president. In 1963, he retired and was awarded, as the first recipient, the Chairman's Citation. Scientists under his direction developed the aerial magnetometer, a device used by the military to locate submarines.

He was inducted into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame and R. D. Parker Collegiate a high school in Thompson, Manitoba is named in his honour.

Vale Canada
Vale Canada Limited, doing business as Vale Base Metals, is a majority owned subsidiary of the Brazilian mining company Vale with Manara Minerals holding a 10 per cent minority share. The company was created from the former Inco, which Vale acquired in 2007. Vale's nickel mining and metals division is headquartered in London with a corporate center in Toronto.  It produces nickel, copper, cobalt, and other Platinum Group Metals. Prior to being purchased by CVRD (now Vale) in 2006, Inco was the world's second largest producer of nickel, and the third largest mining company outside South Africa and Russia of platinum group metals.  It was also a charter member of the 30-stock Dow Jones Industrial Average formed on October 1, 1928.
USNS Michelson
USNS Michelson (T-AGS-23) was a Bowditch class oceanographic survey ship of the United States Navy. Launched as the SS Joliet Victory in 1944, Maritime Commission hull number MCV 114, a type VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship, she was named after Albert Abraham Michelson. The ship was reactivated from the James River Maritime Administration Reserve Fleet on 8 February 1958, delivered to the Navy Department at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 8 August 1957 and converted to an AGS by the Charleston Naval Shipyard. USNS Michelson (AGS‑23) was placed in service on 15 December 1958 under the operational control of MSTS Atlantic.

Charleston Naval Shipyard
Charleston Naval Shipyard (formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard) was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.
Corps Bavaria Munich
The Corps Bavaria of Munich is a German Student Corps located in the City of Munich. The Fraternity is a founding member of the umbrella organisation "Kösener Senioren Convent" and unites current students of all Universities in Munich and Alumnus. As a German Corps it still practices the Mensur, the Members are wearing an academic ribbon as a sign of belonging. The fellows of the Corps are called "Bavarians from Munich", because in the early years only people from Bavaria were able to affiliate.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
2000 Minnesota Twins season
The 2000 Minnesota Twins season was the 40th season for the Minnesota Twins franchise in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, their 19th season at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome and the 100th overall in the American League.

The Twins compiled a record of 69–93 during the 2000 Major League Baseball season. It was the team's last of a consecutive string record of eight losing seasons and it was characterized with weak hitting but slightly better pitching. The team was managed by Tom Kelly and contained the nucleus of future manager Ron Gardenhire's team that would reach the postseason only two years later.

Matthew LeCroy
Matthew Hanks LeCroy (born December 13, 1975) is an American former professional baseball catcher, first baseman, and designated hitter. He is currently the manager of the Rochester Red Wings, the Triple-A affiliate of the Washington Nationals.

During his eight-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB), LeCroy had the dubious honor of being the active player with the most plate appearances without a stolen base.
Poplar Thicket
Poplar Thicket, also known as Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket, is an archaeological site located in Long Neck, Delaware. Poplar Thicket is the name of a farm purchased by L.P. Faucett in 1918. It consists of forest, marshes, and wetlands spread across a quarter-mile of undisturbed Indian River Bayshore.  Austin Okie, a grandson of Faucett, donated the property to The Nature Conservancy in October 2007, to serve as a bird refuge. The property was subsequently transferred to the state of Delaware, establishing it as the Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket. The property is administered by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and serves as a bird sanctuary, used for conservation education and environmentally-sensitive activities such as bird-watching and walking.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
Khalaf ibn Rashid
Jalaf ibn Rashid ibn Asad (Arabic: خلف بن راشد بن أسد) was a lieutenant of Bahlul Ibn Marzuq, the rebel leader of the Zaragoza region in Spain, who conquered Huesca in 800.

When Bahlul was defeated by troops sent by the Spanish Wāli and fled to Pallars, he was killed by Jalaf ibn Rashid in 802. Recompensed by the government of Huesca and Barbitanya (region of Barbastro), Jalaf controlled Huesca for about sixty years (802–862) when it was transferred to the Banu Qasi and subsequently to Musa ibn Galindo, a scion of the Kings of Pamplona. Jalaf's family, the Banu Jalaf, continued to rule in Barbitanya for another two decades.

County of Pallars
The County of Pallars or Pallás (Catalan: Comtat de Pallars, IPA: [kumˈtad də pəˈʎas]; Latin: Comitatus Pallariensis) was a de facto independent petty state, nominally within the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia during the ninth and tenth centuries, perhaps one of the Catalan counties, originally part of the Marca Hispanica in the ninth century. It was coterminous with the upper Noguera Pallaresa valley from the crest of the Pyrenees to the village of Tremp, comprising the Vall d'Àneu, Vall de Cardós, Vall Ferrera, the right bank of the Noguera Ribagorçana, and the valley of the Flamicell. It roughly corresponded with the historic region of Catalonia called Pallars. Its chief city was Sort.
Richard Popkin
Richard Henry Popkin (December 27, 1923 – April 14, 2005) was an American academic philosopher who specialized in the history of enlightenment philosophy and early modern anti-dogmatism. His 1960 work The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes introduced one previously unrecognized influence on Western thought in the seventeenth century, the Pyrrhonian Scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. Popkin also was an internationally acclaimed scholar on Christian millenarianism and Jewish messianism.

Millenarianism
Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin  millenarius 'containing a thousand' and  -ism) is the belief held by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarianism exists in various cultures and religions worldwide, with various interpretations of what constitutes a transformation.

These movements believe in radical changes to society after a major cataclysm or transformative event.

Millenarianist movements can be secular (not espousing a particular religion) or religious in nature, and are therefore not necessarily linked to millennialist movements in Christianity.

Traditional Christian millenarianism has roots in "Jewish apocalyptic belief, Zoroastrianism, and Babylonian astrology",
mediated through the Biblical canon.
1883 Inangahua by-election
The 1883 Inangahua by-election was a by-election held on 14 May 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Inangahua.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas S. Weston. The by-election was won by Edward Shaw.

He was opposed by Edward Wakefield, who opposed the Government. Wakefield got large majorities at Brunnerton and Black's Point.

8th New Zealand Parliament
The 8th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament.

Elections for this term were held in 4 Māori electorates and 91 general electorates on 8 and 9 December 1881, respectively. A total of 95 MPs were elected, i.e. multi-member electorates were no longer used. Parliament was prorogued in June 1884. During the term of this Parliament, three Ministries were in power.
François Bonnardot
François Bonnardot (19 November 1843, in Demigny – 10 May 1926, in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine) was a French archivist and historian.

He studied at the École des Chartes and École des Hautes Études, and from 1868 worked as an archivist in Orléans. In 1872 he was named deputy inspector of historical services for the city of Paris, then from 1898 he served as curator at the library in Verdun.

In 1890 he was named president of the Société de Linguistique de Paris.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).