hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Litang County
Litang County (Tibetan: ལི་ཐང་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 理塘县) is southwest of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in Sichuan, China, in the traditional Tibetan region of Kham. It contains 7 towns and a population of more than 60,000 in 2020. Due to its elevation and mountainous terrain, the county has an alpine climate. Several famous Tibetan Buddhist figures were born here, including the 7th Dalai Lama, the 10th Dalai Lama, the 11th Tai Situpa, four of the Pabalas, as well as the 5th Jamyang Zhépa of Labrang Monastery. Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama, returned here and built Kampo Nénang Monastery and Pangphuk Monastery. It also has strong connections with the eponymous hero of the Epic of King Gesar.

Tai Situpa
Tai Situ (Tibetan: ཏའི་སི་ཏུ་, Wylie: ta'i si tu; from Chinese: 大司徒; pinyin: Dà Sītú; lit. 'Grand Administrator over the Masses ') is one of the oldest lineages of tulkus (reincarnated lamas) in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism In Tibetan Buddhism tradition, Kenting Tai Situ is considered as emanation of Bodhisattva Maitreya and Guru Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) and who has been incarnated numerous times as Indian and Tibetan yogis since the time of the historical Buddha.
Nikolay Uchikov
Nikolay Uchikov (Bulgarian: Николай Учиков) (born (1986-04-13)13 April 1986) is a Bulgarian former professional volleyball player. With his club Trentino Diatec he competed at the 2012 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship. He was part of the Bulgaria men's national volleyball team.

Bulgaria men's national volleyball team
The Bulgaria men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The national team is controlled by the Bulgarian Volleyball Federation, the governing body for volleyball in Bulgaria.
1991 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1991 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States, the 27th annual for men and 9th annual for women.

The championships were again held at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Seven-time defending champions Arkansas claimed the men's team title, the Razorbacks' eighth title and the eighth of twelve straight titles.

LSU won the women's team title, the Lady Tigers' third team title and third in five years.

Arkansas Razorbacks
The Arkansas Razorbacks, also known as the Hogs, are the intercollegiate athletics teams representing the University of Arkansas, located in Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas student body voted to change the name of the school mascot (originally the Cardinals) in 1910 to the Arkansas Razorbacks after a hard-fought battle against LSU in which they were said to play like a "wild band of Razorback hogs" by former coach Hugo Bezdek. The Arkansas Razorbacks are the only major sports team in the U.S. with a porcine nickname, though the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas play in Division II.

The University of Arkansas currently fields 19 total varsity teams (eight men's and 11 women's) in 13 sports, and competes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision in football) level as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Yu Chunshun
Yu Chunshun (1951–1996; simplified Chinese: 余纯顺; traditional Chinese: 余純順; pinyin: Yú Chúnshùn) was a Chinese explorer. He died of dehydration in 1996 while searching for a lost oasis in the Lop Nur desert in Xinjiang province, People's Republic of China. His body was discovered only two kilometers away from his next buried cache of food and water. Asteroid 83600 Yuchunshun, discovered by Bill Yeung in 2001, was named in his memory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 June 2008 (M.P.C. 63174).

William Kwong Yu Yeung
William Kwong Yu Yeung (born 1960; also known simply as Bill Yeung; Chinese: 楊光宇) is a Hong Kong-born, Canadian amateur astronomer with telescopes based in the United States.

He is a prolific discoverer of asteroids and also discovered the comet 172P/Yeung. He also discovered the object J002E3, which was first thought to be an asteroid, but is now known to be part of a Saturn V Rocket that propelled Apollo 12 into space. He worked first from "Rock Finder Observatory" (IAU code 652) in Calgary, Alberta, and now works from Arizona's Desert Beaver Observatory (919) and Desert Eagle Observatory (333).
Northern Thai people
The Northern Thai people, also known as Tai Yuan  (Thai: ไทยวน, [tʰaj˧ juan˧]) or Khon Mueang  (Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, คนเมือง pronounced [kʰon˧ mɯaŋ˧]), are a Tai ethnic group, native to nine provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na. As a Tai group, they are closely related to Tai Lü and Tai Khün with regard to common culture, language and history in contrast to Thailand's dominant Thai ethnic group (referred to as Siamese or Central Thai). There are approximately 6 million Tai Yuan. Most of them live in Northern Thailand, with a small minority 29,442 (2005 census) living across the border in Bokeo Province of Laos. Their language is called Northern Thai, Lanna or Kham Mueang.

Mangrai
Mangrai (Northern Thai: ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ; Thai: มังราย; c. 1238–1311) was the 25th king of Ngoenyang (r. 1261–1292) and the first king of Lan Na (r. 1292–1311). He established a new city, Chiang Mai, as the capital of the Lan Na Kingdom (1296–1558).: 195
Delphine Bernard
Delphine Bernard (born 14 May 1986 in Quimper, Brittany, France) is a wheelchair fencer, practising in fencing three categories, foil, épée and sabre.

She started fencing in 2007, after meeting Serge Laher, who became her master of arms at Quimper club Cornouaille, in Finistère until 2013, when she left to Toulouse University Club (TUC), where she is directed by Brigitte Aragou.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Castelnuovo Scrivia
Castelnuovo Scrivia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Alessandria.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Stuart Hogg
Stuart William Hogg MBE (born 24 June 1992) is a Scottish professional rugby union player, who plays for Montpellier of the French Top 14.

Hogg played for Glasgow Warriors from 2010 to 2019, joining Exeter Chiefs in 2019 and retiring in 2023. He then joined Montpellier in 2024.

He has represented Scotland at international level, earning 100 caps after making his debut against Wales during the 2012 Six Nations Championship. He was Scotland's all-time leading try-scorer, and was named Six Nations Player of the Tournament in 2016 and 2017.
 He was selected to tour with the British & Irish Lions three times, in 2013, 2017 and 2021, and won two caps against South Africa in 2021.

In November 2024, Hogg pleaded guilty to domestic abuse of his estranged wife over five years.

2012 Six Nations Championship
The 2012 Six Nations Championship, known as the 2012 RBS 6 Nations due to the tournament's sponsorship by the Royal Bank of Scotland, was the 13th series of the Six Nations Championship. The annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship was contested by England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales.

Including the competition's previous incarnations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 118th tournament of the annual European championship.

For the first time since 2008, there were no Friday night fixtures.

Whilst Italy continued to play their home matches in Rome, they used the Stadio Olimpico instead of the Stadio Flaminio, which Italy had used for their home Championship fixtures since entering the competition in 2000. The Championship was won by Wales, who achieved their third Grand Slam in eight tournaments.
Shriraghavakripabhashyam
Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam (Sanskrit: श्रीराघवकृपाभाष्यम्) is a series of Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthanatrayi (the Brahma Sutra, the Bhagavad Gita, and eleven Upanishads), authored by Rambhadracharya. These commentaries were released on 10 April 1998 by the then Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Rambhadracharya composed a commentary on Narada Bhakti Sutra in 1991, and thus revived the tradition of Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthanatrayi after five hundred years. This was also the second commentary of the Ramananda Sampradaya on Prasthanatrayi, the first being the Ānandabhāṣyam, composed by Ramananda himself. These commentaries were published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas. The author won the Rajshekhar Samman from the Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Academy, Bhopal, for the commentaries.

Ramanandi Sampradaya
The Ramanandi (IAST: Rāmānandī), also known as Ramavats (Rāmāvat), is one of the largest sects of Vaishnavas. Out of 52 sub-branches of Vaishnavism, divided into four Vaishnava sampradayas, 36 are held by the Ramanandi. The sect mainly emphasizes the worship of Rama, Sita, Hanuman, and the avatars of Vishnu. They consider Rama and Sita as the Supreme Absolute who are not different from each other. It is considered to have been founded by Ramananda, a 14th-century Vaishnava saint.
2018 FIBA Americas League
The 2018 FIBA Americas League was the 11th edition of the top-tier level intercontinental professional club basketball competition in the Americas, the FIBA Americas League. Sixteen teams from across the Americas competed over three rounds, to determine the champion.

Corrientes
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes] ⓘ; Guaraní: Taragui, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Buenos Aires and 300 km (186 mi) from Posadas, on National Route 12. It has a population of 346,334 according to the 2010 Census. It lies opposite its twin city, Resistencia, Chaco.

Corrientes has a mix of colonial and modern architecture, several churches and a number of lapacho, ceibo, jacaranda and orange trees. It is also home to one of Argentina's biggest carnival and chamamé celebrations.

The annual average temperature is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimetres (59 in).
German submarine U-521
German submarine U-521 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was built by the Deutsche Werft yard at Finkenwerder, Hamburg with yard number 336. Commissioned in June 1942, she was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Klaus Bargsten.

The U-boat was assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training and the 2nd flotilla for operations.

U-521 was sunk on 2 June 1943 by the submarine chaser USS Gilmer. The only survivor was Bargsten himself. This was the second boat under Bargsten's command, and the first that suffered heavy losses. The wreck of the submarine has never been found.

4th U-boat Flotilla
The 4th U-boat Flotilla (German 4. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in May 1941 in Stettin under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen. Nearly 300 boats received their basic training here. It was disbanded in May 1945.
Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton
Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton, billed as The Battle of East and West, was a professional boxing match for the  IBO and The Ring light welterweight championship between Manny Pacquiao of General Santos, Philippines and Ricky Hatton of Manchester, United Kingdom. The bout was held on 2 May 2009 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States and drew 1.75 million pay-per-view buys.

Pacquiao defeated Hatton by knockout in the second round. It was named Knockout of the Year by The Ring magazine. Pacquiao's victory made him, at the time, one of only two boxers (the other being Oscar De La Hoya) to win a world title in six different weight divisions; Pacquiao would later win a world title in an unprecedented seventh weight division on 14 November 2009 against Miguel Cotto and another in an eighth weight division on 13 November 2010 against Antonio Margarito.

General Santos
General Santos, officially the City of General Santos and abbreviated as GenSan, is a highly urbanized city in the region of Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 722,059 people making it the most populous city in Soccsksargen Region.

It is located on the island of Mindanao, it is the southernmost and 13th-most populous city in the Philippines. It is the regional center for commerce and industry of the Soccsksargen region, and it is also the only coastal as well as the largest city in the province of South Cotabato wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority but administered independently of it.
Coregency Stela
The Coregency Stela is an ancient Egyptian stela dating from the late Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. It consists of seven limestone fragments, which were found in a tomb at Amarna. The tablet shows the figures of Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Meritaten. At some time after the stela was made, Nefertiti's name had been chiselled out and was replaced with Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten, the name of Akhenaten's co-regent. At the same time Meritaten's name was replaced with that of Ankhesenpaaten, Akhenaten and Nefertiti's third daughter.

The stela might shed light on the events of the little-known late-Amarna Period (14th century BC) and the question of Akhenaten's immediate succession. Restoration and interpretation of the stela vary, but it has been suggested that it supports the claim that Nefertiti should be identified as Akhenaten co-regent and successor.

The stela is currently in the Petrie Museum in London.

Coregency
A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is distinct from diarchies or duumvirates (such as Andorra, ancient Sparta and Rome), where monarchical power is permanently divided between two rulers; and also from regencies, where a person, who is not legally monarch themselves, exercises monarchical power on the behalf of reigning monarch who is absent or unable to rule (for example due to illness or young age).
Mizukagami
Mizukagami (水鏡, "The Water Mirror") is a Japanese rekishi monogatari. It is believed to have been written in the around the onset of the Kamakura period c. 1195.  It has been credited to Nakayama Tadachika or Minamoto Masayori, but the actual writer is unknown. It is the third book of the four mirror series.

It deals with the oldest time-period, starting with the legendary Emperor Jimmu and ending with Emperor Ninmyō.  It is told by a fictitious old woman who is visited by a bhikkhu while staying at Hase-dera. All the facts are taken from ca. 1150 Fusō Ryakuki (扶桑略記, "Brief History of Fusang") by Kōen, the teacher of Hōnen.

"Mizukagami" refers to the reflective pool in Japanese gardens in which can be seen such things as bridges and cherry blossoms in its reflection.

Emperor Ninmyō
Emperor Ninmyō (仁明天皇, Ninmyō-tennō; 27 September 808 – 6 May 850) was the 54th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the Heian period.
Food and Magic
Food and Magic is a 1943 short documentary film commissioned by the United States Government during World War II. Food and Magic, was produced by the War Activities Committee of The Motion Picture Industry and it deals with food conservation and healthy eating. It stars Jack Carson as a sideshow barker who informs the crowd about proper wartime food consumption, including conservation and rationing.

Jack Carson
John Elmer Carson (October 27, 1910 – January 2, 1963), known as Jack Carson, was a Canadian-born American film actor. Carson often played the role of comedic friend in films of the 1940s and 1950s, including The Strawberry Blonde (1941) with James Cagney and Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) with Cary Grant. He appeared in such dramas as Mildred Pierce (1945), A Star Is Born (1954), and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958). He worked for RKO and MGM (where he was cast opposite Myrna Loy and William Powell in Love Crazy, 1941), but most of his notable work was for Warner Bros.
Nevada Short Line Railway
The Nevada Short Line Railway (Silver Belt Railroad) was a 12.6 mi (20.3 km), 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad that ran east from Oreana (also known as Nenzel) to the silver mining area of Rochester, Nevada.  The railway terminated near, but did not connect with, the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in Oreana due to the Nevada Short Line being 3 ft (914 mm) gauge and the SP being a standard gauge mainline.  The railway intended to eventually transition to standard gauge, but this never happened.

The railroad started in 1913 as a sole proprietorship and was incorporated on April 24, 1914.

The line only operated for four years.  In June 1918, the line was damaged by flooding and the line was abandoned on December 31, 1920.

Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.
Stéphane Crête
Stéphane Crête (September 19, 1967) is a Canadian actor and comedian from Quebec. He is known for his roles as Brad Spitfire in the Le Canal Famille television show Dans une galaxie près de chez-vous and Jacques Préfontaine on the Télévision de Radio-Canada miniseries Les Étoiles filantes.

In 2002, he won a Gémeaux Award for his work in Dans une galaxie près de chez-vous.

Ici Radio-Canada Télé
Ici Radio-Canada Télé (stylized as ICI Radio-Canada Télé, and sometimes abbreviated as Ici Télé) is a Canadian French-language free-to-air television network spunoff Ici Radio-Canada Première, owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada [SRC]), the national public broadcaster. Its English-language counterpart is CBC Television.

Its headquarters are at the Nouvelle Maison Radio-Canada in Montreal, which is also home to the network's flagship station, CBFT-DT, as well as the master control facilities of all of its owned-and-operated stations nationwide. Until the 2012 closedown of the CBC / Radio-Canada rebroadcaster network, it was the only francophone network in Canada to broadcast terrestrially in all Canadian provinces.
Vital Ahačič
Vital Ahačič (16 April 1933 – 19 April 1995) was a Slovenian accordionist and pedagogue. He began his career with the music group Zadovoljni Krajnci and established a trio with Milan Ferlež and Boris Vede. Ahačič published three cassettes with his sister Marija Ahačič Pollak and more than 500 compositions of him are recorded.

Ahačič died on 19 April 1995 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Sun Fuming
Sun Fuming (simplified Chinese: 孙福明; traditional Chinese: 孫福明; pinyin: Sūn Fúmíng; born 14 April 1974, in Xifeng, Tieling, Liaoning) is a female Chinese judoka who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Sun won the gold medal in the heavyweight (+72 kg) class in 1996. In 2000 she was unable to achieve another Olympic medal due to her injury.

Tieling
42°13′25″N 123°43′34″E﻿ / ﻿42.2237°N 123.7260°E﻿ / 42.2237; 123.7260

Tieling (Chinese: 铁岭; pinyin: Tiělǐng) is one of 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China. Tieling is a city where coal mining is an important industry.
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
The ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering solid state science and technology. The editor-in-chief is Krishnan Rajeshwar (University of Texas at Arlington). The Technical Editors are Francis D'Souza (University of North Texas), Aniruddh Jagdish Khanna (Applied Materials Inc.), Ajit Khosla (Yamagata University), Peter Mascher (McMaster University), Kailash C. Mishra (Osram Sylvania), and Fan Ren (University of Florida). The Associate Editors are Michael Adachi (Simon Fraser University), Netz Arroyo (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), Paul Maggard (North Carolina State University), Meng Tao (Arizona State University), and Thomas Thundat (University at Buffalo). The journal was established in 2012 and is published by The Electrochemical Society.

Applied Materials
Applied Materials, Inc. is an American corporation that supplies equipment, services and software for the manufacture of semiconductor (integrated circuit) chips for electronics, flat panel displays for computers, smartphones, televisions, and solar products. The company also supplies equipment to produce coatings for flexible electronics, packaging and other applications. The company is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and is the second largest supplier of semiconductor equipment in the world based on revenue behind Dutch company ASML.
Camera magazine
A camera magazine is a light-tight chamber or pair of chambers designed to hold film and move motion picture film stock before and after it has been exposed in the camera. In most movie cameras, the magazine is a removable piece of equipment.
Many still photo cameras also have removable camera magazines. A film cartridge serves the same function, but is usually not reusable.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.