hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deaths in December 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Judge Dredd
Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra. He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD (1977). He is the magazine's longest-running character, and in 1990 he got his own title, the Judge Dredd Megazine. He also appears in a number of film and video game adaptations.

Judge Dredd is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One, which covers most of the east coast of North America. He is a "street judge", empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence, and execute criminals. Judge Dredd stories often satirise American and British culture, with a focus on authoritarianism and police brutality.

Judge Dredd made his live-action debut in 1995 in Judge Dredd, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone. Later, he was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2012 adaptation Dredd. In audio dramas by Big Finish Productions, Dredd is voiced by Toby Longworth.
Protostropharia
Protostropharia, is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore (as Stropharia subg. Stercophila).  It is differentiated from Stropharia by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that Stropharia produces. Phylogenetically, Protostropharia is distinct from Stropharia, Pholiota, and Leratiomyces. Two species, P. luteonitens and P. tuberosa, form pseudosclerotia within the dung substrate.

Acanthocyte (mycology)
In mycology, acanthocyte refers to stellate cells found on the hyphae of fungi of the genus Stropharia. According to the research paper on these cells of Stropharia rugosoannulata published in 2006, they were shown to have nematode-killing properties.
Rhea Anastas
Rhea Anastas (born March 11, 1969, in Gloucester, Massachusetts) is an art historian, critic, curator and an associate professor at the Department of Art, University of California, Irvine. She was also one of the founding members of Orchard, an experimental artist-run gallery on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York.

Previously Anastas has taught at the Art and Curatorial Practices in the Public Sphere program at the Roski School of Art and Design, University of Southern California, The Center for Curatorial Studies and Art in Contemporary Culture at Bard College, and was a lecturer at the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University.

Anastas received her B.A. and M.A. in Art History from Columbia University in 1990 and 1995 respectively, and her PhD in Art History from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 2004. Her dissertation was titled The Whole Artist: Dan Graham and Robert Smithson, Works and Writings, 1965–69.

Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District and is a National Historic Landmark.

Founded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs. It participates in a network of many affiliated programs internationally.
Éamon Hanrahan
Edward (Éamon) T. Hanrahan (1917 – 30 November 2012) was an Irish civil engineer, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, and Head of department in the School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering at University College Dublin (UCD). Owing to his contributions to geotechnical engineering education and practice in Ireland, a biennial lecture at UCD's Geotechnical Society is named in his honour.

Hanrahan undertook studies and research on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, particularly on soft soils such as peat. In 1955, he created the first postgraduate soil mechanics course in for students in Ireland. He published work in Irish and British journals including Géotechnique, and published several works on peat and glacial tills which continue to be cited in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering research.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
Taliouine
Taliouine (Arabic: تاليوين) is a town in Taroudant Province, Souss-Massa, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 5,844.

Taliouine is famous for its production of saffron and is one of the main exporters of this spice worldwide. The town celebrates Anmugar Amadal N Zafran, Le Festival International de Safran every year in winter (usually November), the season in which the saffron flower germinates.

Souss-Massa
Souss-Massa (Arabic: سوس ماسة, romanized: sūs māssa) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 51,642 km2 and had a population of 3,020,431 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Agadir.
Sycophila
Sycophila is a genus of wasps in the family Eurytomidae. Species of the genus associate with figs and galls of various insects such as gall wasps and gall midges. It can be distinguished from other eurytomid genera by the elongate petiole, the gaster often being laterally compressed, and the forewing having a broadened marginal vein and dark brown maculae. Sycophila has a cosmopolitan distribution.

Gall wasp
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, or cynipids, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of cynipids are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Diplolepididae were traditionally included within the Cynipidae but have since been designated as their own family after some more recent phylogenetic studies.
Anton Kotkov
Anton Sergeyevich Kotkov (Russian: Антон Сергеевич Котков; born 20 April 1990, Petrozavodsk), is a Russian taekwondo athlete. He won the silver medal at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships on the welterweight category and the bronze medal at the 2013 World Taekwondo Championships in the welterweight category.

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
Hathigumpha inscription
The Hathigumpha Inscription (pronounced: ɦɑːt̪ʰiːgumpʰɑː) is a Jain inscription consisting of seventeen lines written in Prakrit language incised in Brahmi script in a cavern called Hathigumpha in Udayagiri hills, near Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. Dated between the second century BCE and the first century CE, it was inscribed by the Jain king Kharavela of the Kalinga kingdom.

The Hathigumpha Inscription presents, among other topics, a biographical sketch of a king in the eastern region of ancient India (now part of and near Odisha). It also includes information on religious values, public infrastructure projects, military expeditions and their purposes, society and culture. Paleographically, the inscription dates from the middle of the first century BCE to the early first century CE.

Prakrit
Prakrit (/ˈprɑːkrɪt/ PRAH-krit) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 5th century BCE to the 12th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding Pali.

The oldest stage of Middle Indo-Aryan language is attested in the inscriptions of Ashoka (c. 260 BCE), as well as in the earliest forms of Pāli, the language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon. The most prominent form of Prakrit is Ardhamāgadhı̄, associated with the ancient kingdom of Magadha, in modern Bihar, and the subsequent Mauryan Empire. Mahāvīra, the 24th and last Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism, was born in Magadha, and the earliest Jain texts were composed in Ardhamāgadhı̄.
UTC+07:00
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2026-02-17T21:18:31+07:00. It is seven hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC is midnight (00:00), the time in areas using the time zone would be 07:00.

Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time (Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in:

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Paul Revere Capture Site
The Paul Revere Capture Site marks the location where Sons of Liberty member Paul Revere was captured by a British Army patrol at around 1.30 AM on April 19, 1775, while on a midnight ride to alert nearby minutemen of the pending arrival of British troops. The capture site is marked with a plaque beside the Battle Road in Lincoln, Massachusetts, in today's Minute Man National Historical Park.

It was at this location that Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott were captured by a British patrol. They detained Revere, but Dawes turned around and fled, while Prescott made it through the roadblock and continued to Concord. Revere, who was en route from Lexington to Concord, was taken back to Lexington and released shortly afterward.

Monument detail, looking south toward Massachusetts Route 2A

Massachusetts Route 2A
Route 2A is a 98.5-mile-long (158.5 km) east–west state highway in Massachusetts. It exists in several sections, mainly as parts of former Route 2 that have been moved or upgraded. Route 2A runs from Greenfield in the west to Boston in the east. It formerly extended to Shelburne Falls in Buckland in the west, but as of 2007, the route terminates at Interstate 91 (I-91) in Greenfield.
Chhapra Municipal Corporation
Chhapra Municipal Corporation or Chhapra Nagar Nigam, is the civic body that governs Chhapra, a city of Bihar in India.Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Chhapra Municipal Corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a Mayor, and administers the city's infrastructure, public services, and supplies.

Chhapra
Chhapra (ISO: Chaparā) is a city and headquarters of the Saran District in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and the Ganges River.

Chhapra grew in importance as a river-based market in the 18th century when the Dutch, French, Portuguese, and English established saltpeter refineries in the area. It was recognised as a municipality in 1864. The major railway station is Chhapra Junction. There is a well known Shaktipeeth temple in Chhapra named Ambika Bhavani.
Jan Svatoš
Jan Svatoš (born 7 February 1910, date of death unknown) was a Czech cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 50 kilometre event at the 1936 Winter Olympics. He used to live in Trhanov, his sportclub was Sněhaři Domažlice.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
Foumbolo
Foumbolo is a town in northeast Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Dabakala Department in Hambol Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Foumbolo was 18,808.

Hambol
Hambol Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Vallée du Bandama District. The seat of the region is Katiola and the region's population in the 2021 census was 612,029.

Hambol is currently divided into three departments: Dabakala, Katiola, and Niakaramandougou.
Balladonia Land District
Balladonia Land District is a land district (cadastral division) of Western Australia mostly within the Eucla Land Division. It spans roughly 31°50'S - 32°40'S in latitude and 123°10'E - 124°00'E in longitude.

Lands administrative divisions of Western Australia
The lands administrative divisions of Western Australia refer to subdivisions of the state of Western Australia for cadastral (land title) purposes, most of which have been in place since the 19th century. The state is divided up for this purpose into five land divisions, which in turn are subdivided into land districts, which correspond to counties in other Australian states. These districts are then subdivided further into numbered locations, as well as gazetted townsites. Together, they form part of the lands administrative divisions of Australia.
Nathan O'Toole
Nathan O'Toole (born 17 March 1998) is an Irish actor. He is known for his role as a young Bjorn Ironside in the first, second and third seasons of the History series Vikings. O'Toole made his television debut at 13 in the Showtime series The Borgias as Vincenzo.

History (Canadian TV channel)
The History Channel (also known as History) is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel that primarily broadcasts programming related to history and historical fiction. It is owned by History Television, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment.

History was launched on October 17, 1997, as History Television under the ownership of Alliance Atlantis. Through various ownership changes, the channel adopted its current name in 2012, with the History Channel branding used under a licensing agreement with A+E Networks. The History Channel operates two time-shifted feeds: East (Eastern Time) and West (Pacific Time). The West Coast feed was launched on September 1, 2006.
Takaaki Kidani
Takaaki Kidani (木谷 高明, Kidani Takaaki; born June 6, 1960) is a Japanese video game developer and entrepreneur born in Kanazawa, Japan. He is the founder, CEO and president of Bushiroad. Kidani has also served as the chairman of New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). He continues to be involved with NJPW through Bushiroad, in which owns the company.

Yamaichi Securities
Yamaichi Securities Co., Ltd. (山一證券株式会社, Yamaichi Shōken Kabushiki-gaisha) was a Japanese securities trading firm. The company announced it would cease operations on November 24, 1997 and was declared bankrupt by the Tokyo District Court on June 2, 1999.
Genowefa Kobielska
Genowefa Kobielska (later Cejzikowa, later Zimnochova, April 24, 1906 – July 16, 1993) was a Polish track and field athlete who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

She was born in Łask and died in Piaseczno. She was the wife of Antoni Cejzik.

In 1928 she finished eighth in the qualification of the discus throw event.

She also competed in the 1938 European Championships in Athletics held in Vienna and finished fifth in the discus throw competition and seventh in the shot put contest.

Piaseczno
Piaseczno ([pʲaˈsɛt͡ʂnɔ] ⓘ) is a town in east-central Poland with 47,660 inhabitants. It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, just south of Warsaw, approximately 16 kilometres (10 miles) south of its center. It is a residential area and a suburb of Warsaw. It is the capital city of Piaseczno County.

Founded in the medieval period, Piaseczno is a former royal city of Poland, which once housed a Polish Royal palace. It was the site of several Polish clashes against foreign invaders and occupiers.
Earl Buford
Earl Buford (April 9, 1942 – July 25, 2023) was an American police officer. A longtime leader in the Pittsburgh Police, he served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from June 15, 1992 until December 29, 1995.

In August 1989, he was promoted to Assistant Chief overseeing the drug and vice sections.

Buford died on July 25, 2023, at the age of 81.

Pittsburgh Police
The Pittsburgh Police, officially the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police (PBP), is the largest law enforcement agency in Western Pennsylvania and the third largest in Pennsylvania.  The modern force of salaried and professional officers was founded in 1857 but dates back to the night watchmen beginning in 1794, and the subsequent day patrols in the early 19th century, in the then borough of Pittsburgh.  By 1952 the Bureau had a strength of 1,400 sworn officers; in July 1985, 1,200; and by November 1989, 1,040.
Maury Povich
Maurice Richard Povich (born January 17, 1939) is an American former television personality, best known for hosting the tabloid talk show Maury which aired from 1991 to 2022. Povich began his career as a radio reporter, initially at WWDC and later as host of a daytime Washington, D.C. talk show Panorama. In the late 1980s, he gained national fame as the host of tabloid infotainment TV show A Current Affair, based at Fox's New York flagship station WNYW. In 1991, he co-produced his own show The Maury Povich Show, which in 1998 was rebranded as Maury.

The Jack and Triumph Show
The Jack and Triumph Show is a television sitcom from Universal Television for Adult Swim that premiered on February 20, 2015, and ended on April 3, 2015, with a total of 7 episodes. The live-action series was created by Robert Smigel, Michael Koman, and David Feldman.

The series features Jack McBrayer playing Jack Mlicki, the former child star of a fictional Lassie-like series. The puppet Triumph the Insult Comic Dog represents his co-star from that series.

The series was initially picked up for 20 episodes, but when only 7 episodes had aired, in August 2015 Dino Stamatopoulos confirmed that it would not be returning.
Alwyn Morris
Alwyn Morris, CM (born November 22, 1957) is a retired Canadian sprint kayaker. A member of the Mohawk nation in Kahnawake, he is considered one of the most influential Indigenous athletes of all time. He is the first and only Aboriginal Canadian athlete who won a gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games and one of the only three North American aboriginals to do so, alongside Jim Thorpe and Billy Mills.

Billy Mills
William Mervin Mills (born June 30, 1938), also known by his Oglala Lakota name Tamakhóčhe Theȟíla, is an American Oglala Lakota former track and field athlete who won a gold medal in the 10,000 metre run (6.2 mi) at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. His 1964 victory is considered one of the greatest Olympic upsets because he was a virtual unknown going into the event. He was the first non-European to win the Olympic event and remains the only winner from the Americas. He was also a United States Marine officer.
Business Administration Union
The Business Administration Union (Finnish: Liiketalouden liitto, LTA) is a trade union representing business administrators in Finland.

The union was founded in 1949.  For many years, it only accepted members who held degrees in relevant fields, and it was known as the Business Graduates' Union, but it changed its name in 1996, when it broadened its entrance requirements.  It affiliated to the Finnish Confederation of Professionals in 1994, and by 1998, it had about 15,000 members.

Finnish Confederation of Professionals
The Finnish Confederation of Professionals (STTK) (Finnish: Toimihenkilökeskusjärjestö, Swedish: Tjänstemannacentralorganisationen) is a trade union confederation in Finland. It has a membership of 650,000 and represents salaried employees in Finland.
Tees Valley Mayor
The Tees Valley mayor (also styled as the metro mayor of the Tees Valley and the mayor of the Tees Valley) is a combined authority mayor in England, first elected in May 2017. The mayor is leader of the Tees Valley Combined Authority.

The office was created under the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016, which allowed for the creation of metro mayors to lead combined authorities in England. The election scheduled for 7 May 2020 was held on 6 May 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The following election was held on 2 May 2024. The next election is due in May 2028.

The mayor is a member of the Mayoral Council for England and the Council of the Nations and Regions.

2017 Tees Valley mayoral election
The inaugural Tees Valley mayoral election was held on 4 May 2017 to elect the mayor of the Tees Valley Combined Authority. The mayor was elected by the supplementary vote system. Subsequent elections were held in May 2021 and every four years after 2024.

North East England was considered a Labour stronghold and prior to the election, the Labour candidate Sue Jeffrey was considered the overwhelming favourite. The eventual victory of the Conservative candidate Ben Houchen was reported as a shock and a poor result for Labour following their losses in the local elections that same day.
Aleksei Sorokin (politician)
Aleksei Sorokin (Russian: Алексей Сорокин; 17 March 1888, Tallinn – 1 April 1933, Tallinn) was an Estonian lawyer and politician. He was regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Russian minority in Estonia during the interwar period.

Russians in Estonia
In Estonia, the population of ethnic Russians is estimated at 285,819 or 20.9% of the country's total population as of 2025, most of whom live in the capital city Tallinn and other urban areas of Harju and Ida-Viru counties. While a small settlement of Russian Old Believers on the coast of Lake Peipus has an over 300-year long history, the large majority of the ethnic Russian population in the country originates from the immigration from Russia and other parts of the former USSR during the 1944–1991 Soviet occupation of Estonia.