hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22 is a leading case on causation in English tort law. It concerned  malignant mesothelioma, a deadly disease caused by breathing asbestos fibres. The House of Lords approved the test of "materially increasing risk" of harm, as a deviation in some circumstances from the ordinary "balance of probabilities" test under the "but for" standard.

Causation in English law
Causation in English law concerns the legal tests of remoteness, causation and foreseeability in the tort of negligence. It is also relevant for English criminal law and English contract law.

In the English law of negligence, causation proves a direct link between the defendant’s negligence and the claimant’s loss and damage. For these purposes, liability in negligence is established when there is a breach of the duty of care owed by the defendant to the claimant that causes loss and damage, and it is reasonable that the defendant should compensate the claimant for that loss and damage.
Burgh Heath
Burgh Heath (/ˌbɜːr ˈhiːθ/ bur HEETH or, especially amongst older residents, /ˌbʌrə ˈhiːθ/ BURR-ə HEETH) is a residential neighbourhood with a remnant part of the Banstead Commons of the same name. Immediately north of Upper Kingswood on the A217 road, it adjoins part of Banstead to the north. The north of the area is more specifically called Great Burgh, but the terms are largely interchangeable.

North Downs
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills and an area of downland in south-east England, that stretch from Farnham in Surrey to the White Cliffs of Dover in Kent. Much of the North Downs comprises two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs): the Surrey Hills and the Kent Downs. The North Downs Way National Trail runs along the North Downs from Farnham to Dover. They form the northern boundary of the Weald, which is correspondingly bounded to the south by the South Downs.

The highest point in the North Downs is Botley Hill, Surrey (270 metres (890 ft) above sea level). The County Top of Kent is  Betsom's Hill (251 m (823 ft) above sea level), which is less than 1 km from Westerham Heights, Bromley, the highest point in Greater London at an elevation of 245 m (804 ft).
Mong Kok Stadium
Mong Kok Stadium (Chinese: 旺角大球場) is a stadium in Mong Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. With a capacity of 6,664 (comprising four stands of 1,666), it hosts Hong Kong Premier League Hooligan's Game matches, with Kitchen Cooks currently using the venue. The stadium is run by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Premier League
The Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 香港超級聯賽) is a Hong Kong professional football league organised by the Football Association of Hong Kong. It is currently sponsored by the BOC Life and officially known as the BOC Life Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 中銀人壽香港超級聯賽). The inaugural season began in September 2014. It is the top-division football league in Hong Kong.
Protobiography
Protobiography is an autobiographical work by the Scottish writer William Boyd that recalls his early childhood. It was published initially in 1998 by Bridgewater Press in a limited edition. A paperback edition was published in 2005 as part of a series of 70 books celebrating the 70th birthday of Penguin Books. The Penguin edition included an additional chapter, "The Hothouse", which was first published in Boyd's book School Ties in 1985.

School Ties
School Ties is a 1992 American drama film directed by Robert Mandel and starring Brendan Fraser, Matt Damon, Chris O'Donnell, Randall Batinkoff, Andrew Lowery, Cole Hauser, Ben Affleck, and Anthony Rapp. Fraser plays the lead role as David Greene, a Jewish high school student who is awarded an athletic scholarship to an elite preparatory school in his senior year.
SS Lafayette (1914)
SS Lafayette was a French transatlantic ocean liner of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT). She was launched in 1914 as Île de Cuba but when she was completed in 1915 she was renamed Lafayette.

Lafayette was a hospital ship in the latter part of the First World War and a troop ship in 1919.

In 1928 CGT had Lafayette refitted and renamed her Mexique. In 1939 Mexique was converted into an auxiliary cruiser. In 1940 a mine sank her at the mouth of the Gironde.

This was the second of three CGT liners called Lafayette. The first was an iron-hulled paddle steamer built in 1864 and sold for scrap in 1906. The third was a motor ship built in 1929 and destroyed by fire in Le Havre in 1938.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Edgewood High School (Trenton, Ohio)
Edgewood High School is a public high school in Trenton, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Edgewood City School District which serves students in the city of Trenton, the village of Seven Mile, and Wayne Township. The current facility opened in 2012 just outside the city of Trenton on Busenbark Road.

Wayne Township, Butler County, Ohio
Wayne Township is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The township is located in the north-central part of the county, between Trenton and Oxford. It had a total population of 4,375 at the 2020 census.
John Rea (composer)
John Rea CM (born 1944) is a Montreal-based composer who won the Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music in both 1981 and 1992. He obtained his bachelor's degree at Wayne State University (1967), his Master of Music degree at the University of Toronto (1969), and his PhD at Princeton University. His children's opera The Prisoners Play from 1972 uses serial techniques. His works have been played by the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, the Quebec Symphony Orchestra, the Nouvel Ensemble Moderne, the Arditti Quartet, the Esprit Orchestra and others. He is the previous dean and head of the composition department at the Schulich School of Music of McGill University, from which he has finally taken his retirement. Among his notable students are composers Robin Minard and John Oliver.

Orchestre Symphonique de Québec
The Orchestre symphonique de Québec (French pronunciation: [ɔʁkɛstʁ sɛ̃fɔnik də kebɛk], OSQ; English: Quebec Symphony Orchestra) is a Canadian symphony orchestra based in Quebec City.  The orchestra also performs with the Théâtre lyrique du Québec (Théâtre lyrique de Nouvelle-France), the Opéra de Québec, and the Choeur symphonique de Québec.
EOR
EOR could refer to:

Earth Orbit Rendezvous, a proposed method for space missions to the Moon

Electric orbit raising, a method in space technology of reaching higher orbits by means of electric propulsion

Electro-optic rectification, a non-linear optical process

Employer of record, a co-employment company

Enhanced oil recovery, a term in petroleum production

Epping Ongar Railway, a heritage railway in England

European ordering rules, a standard to put words or names into sequence

Exclusive or, the exclusive disjunction in logic

Epoch of Reionization, a process that reionized matter in the universe.

Economics of Religion, a field of study using economics to understand religion

the IOC country code for the Refugee Olympic Team since the 2020 Olympics

the character Eeyore from the Winnie the Pooh series.

Epping Ongar Railway
The Epping Ongar Railway is a heritage railway in south-west Essex, England, run by a small number of paid staff and a team of volunteers. It was the final section of the Great Eastern Railway branch line, later the London Underground's Central line from Loughton via Epping to Ongar, with intermediate stations at North Weald and Blake Hall. The line was closed by London Underground in 1994 and sold in 1998. It reopened between 2004 and 2007 as a preserved railway, offering a volunteer-run Class 117 DMU service between Ongar and Coopersale. A change of ownership in 2007 led to the line being closed for restoration to a heritage steam railway, which opened on 25 May 2012.
Gaius Valerius Paullinus
Gaius Valerius Paullinus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Trajan. He is best known as a friend of Pliny the Younger, having received a number of letters from Pliny. Paullinus was suffect consul in the nundinium of September to December 107 as the colleague of Gaius Julius Longinus.

Ronald Syme has strongly suggested that Paullinus is the son of the identically named Gaius Valerius Paulinus, procurator of Gallia Narbonensis. Paullinus opposed Fabius Valens when the latter raided Gaul during the Year of the Four Emperors.

Except for being suffect consul, Paullinus' career is otherwise unknown. Because there are a number of lacunae in the records of known proconsulships and imperial appointments, one cannot assume he did not hold any.

Procurator (ancient Rome)
Procurator (plural: Procuratores) was a title of certain officials (not magistrates) in ancient Rome who were in charge of the financial affairs of a province, or imperial governor of a minor province.
Find (Unix)
find is a shell command that locates files based on search criteria and performs actions on the matching files such as printing the file system path to the standard output. It starts searching at a directory in a hierarchical structure and recursively traverses the tree although can be limited to a maximum number of levels. Commonly used search criteria include file name pattern matching, file type matching, and time range matching for last modification or last access. With no arguments, the command outputs the path of each file in the tree rooted at the working directory. The command can search through different file systems of partitions belonging to one or more storage devices mounted under the starting directory. The command is available on most Unix-like systems.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Listed buildings in Longfield and New Barn
Longfield and New Barn is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Dartford of Kent, England. It contains one grade II* and five grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

.

Borough of Dartford
The Borough of Dartford is a local government district with borough status in the north-west of the county of Kent, England. It is named after its main town of Dartford, where the council is based. Other notable settlements include Greenhithe, Stone and Swanscombe, along with an emerging new town at Ebbsfleet, and a number of smaller villages. It also includes Bluewater, one of the UK's largest shopping centres. The borough lies just outside the administrative boundary of Greater London, but a sizeable part of it lies within the M25 motorway which encircles London. Many of the borough's urban areas form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. The borough had a population of 116,800 at the 2021 census.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Gravesham, Sevenoaks, the London Borough of Bexley and, to the north across the River Thames, Thurrock, to which it is linked by the Dartford Crossing.
Simultaneous editing
In human–computer interaction, simultaneous editing is an end-user development technique allowing a single user to make multiple simultaneous edits of text in a multiple selection at once through direct manipulation.

Multiple selections and cursors are typically created by using a keyboard shortcut to select repeated instances of the same text or text fragments surrounded by the same delimiters, by using a search feature to select all instances of a search term, by selecting the same column in multiple lines, or by selecting text or cursor positions with a mouse. The Lapis experimental web browser and text editor is also able to infer selections based on concept learning from positive and negative examples given by the user during a process known as selection guessing.

Tools for data wrangling (mass reformatting) also sometimes include commands for simultaneous editing of all data in a column or category.

Formal concept analysis
In information science, formal concept analysis (FCA) is a principled way of deriving a concept hierarchy or formal ontology from a collection of objects and their properties. Each concept in the hierarchy represents the objects sharing some set of properties; and each sub-concept in the hierarchy represents a subset of the objects (as well as a superset of the properties) in the concepts above it. The term was introduced by Rudolf Wille in 1981, and builds on the mathematical theory of lattices and ordered sets that was developed by Garrett Birkhoff and others in the 1930s.

Formal concept analysis finds practical application in fields including data mining, text mining, machine learning, knowledge management, semantic web, software development, chemistry and biology.
Ashmansworth
Ashmansworth is a village and civil parish in the Basingstoke and Deane district of the English county of Hampshire. The village is about 8 miles (13 km) northeast of the town of Andover. The parish population at the 2021 census was 222. The parish has scattered settlements, including one unnamed hamlet and the village of Crux Easton.

Basingstoke and Deane
51°15′22″N 1°06′40″W﻿ / ﻿51.256°N 1.111°W﻿ / 51.256; -1.111

Basingstoke and Deane is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England. The main town is Basingstoke, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Tadley and Whitchurch, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The modern district was created in 1974, initially being called Basingstoke. It changed its name to "Basingstoke and Deane" in 1978 at the same time that it was made a borough; Deane was added to the name to represent the rural parts of the borough, being the area's smallest village.

Parts of the borough lie within the North Wessex Downs, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Hart, East Hampshire, Winchester, Test Valley, West Berkshire and Wokingham.
Jeffrey Licon
Jeffrey Licon (born August 29, 1985) is an American actor most notable for his role as Carlos Garcia on the Nickelodeon show, The Brothers García. He portrayed Eric Preston, a supporting character in the 2004 movie Mysterious Skin. He had a leading role in Alien Raiders, and smaller roles in the television series Joan of Arcadia, NYPD Blue, Cold Case, Walker, Texas Ranger, Second Noah, Lincoln Heights, The Mentalist, and The Closer (Season 4 Episode 12).

Alien Raiders
Alien Raiders is a 2008 American science fiction horror film, starring Carlos Bernard, Rockmond Dunbar and Mathew St. Patrick. The film is Ben Rock's first feature film as a director. The film was produced by Daniel Myrick, John Shiban, and Tony Krantz.
1938 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1938 Open Championship was a squash tournament between the professional champion Jim Dear of the Oxford and Cambridge Club and Bert Biddle of the Junior Carlton Club. Because the defending Open Champion F. D. Amr Bey had retired it was decided that the 1938 Professional Championship would also be classed as the Open Championship. Therefore Bert Biddle took on L W R Keeble of the International Sportsmen's Club for the right to meet Dear. Biddle ran out the winner of that match 9–4, 7–9, 9–1, 9–0.

The 1938 Open Championship took place over two legs, both at the Royal Automobile Club on 7 & 14 December. Dear won the first leg three games to two and then secured the Open Championship with a three games to one victory in the second leg.

In all of the eight Open Championships held so far, a third leg decider was never required. In October 1939 just before the new season began all competitions were cancelled due to the war.  It would be 1947 before the return of the Championships.

F. D. Amr Bey
Abdelfattah Amr (Arabic: عبد الفتاح عمرو) (14 February 1909 – 23 November 1988), better known as "F.D. Amr Bey" or simply "Amr Bey", was an Egyptian diplomat and squash player. He won the British Open men's title six consecutive times (1933–1938), and is considered the first truly dominant squash player in the sport.
Warrix Sports
Warrix Sport is a Thai sport manufacturing company established in 2013. The word "Warrix" is inspired by the legendary Thai warriors. Starting from January 2017, it is the main sponsor of the Thailand national Football Team. The brand first sponsored the Thai League teams Chiangmai F.C. and Nakhon Ratchasima F.C. in 2014.

Thai League 1
The Thai League (Thai: ไทยลีก, pronounced as ไท-หลีก) or Thai League 1 (Thai: ไทยลีก 1, pronounced as ไท-หลีก-หนึ่ง), often referred to as T1, is the highest level of the Thai football league system. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Thai League 2. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 30 games: two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Sealion 6 League I. In the Thai League, most games are played on Saturday and Sunday evenings, occasionally being played on Wednesday and Friday evening fixtures.
2016 World Twenty20 squads
The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was the sixth ICC World Twenty20, and the first to be hosted by India. Sri Lanka were the defending champions, having won the 2014 edition. The following squads were chosen for the tournament. The player ages are as on 8 March 2016, the opening day of the tournament, and where a player plays for more than one team in Twenty20 cricket, only their domestic team is listed (for example: at the time, Jos Buttler played for Lancashire Lightning in the T20 Blast and Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League).

T20 Blast
The T20 Blast, also known as the Vitality Blast for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in England and Wales. The competition was established by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003. T20 Blast is the oldest domestic T20 league in the world. It is one of the top-level Twenty20 league in the world. Vitality Blast comprises 18 teams, with 17 in England and 1 in Wales.
The competition has been known by a variety of names due to commercial sponsorship. It was known as the Twenty20 Cup from 2003 to 2009, the Friends Provident t20 and Friends Life t20 from 2010 to 2013, and the Natwest t20 Blast from 2014 to 2017. The competition has been sponsored by insurance company Vitality since 2018 and is known as the Vitality Blast.
Fango (song)
"Fango" is a song written by Jovanotti, Riccardo Onori and Michael Franti, recorded by Jovanotti himself for his eleventh studio album Safari, and produced by Michele Canova. The song, which features American recording artist Ben Harper playing bass, was released as the album's lead single in December 2007. The song received the first Mogol Award, voted by popular lyricist Mogol with three additional experts and aimed at recognizing the best lyrics of the year in Italian pop music.

Safari (Jovanotti album)
Safari is the eleventh studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Jovanotti. Preceded by the single "Fango", it was released in Italy on 17 January 2008. The album features guests including Ben Harper, who plays a guitar solo in "Fango", Italian band Negramaro's frontman Giuliano Sangiorgi, Brazilian musician Sérgio Mendes and American recording artist Michael Franti.

Safari was a commercial success, topping the Italian Albums Chart for seven weeks and being certified five times platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry. It also became the best-selling album of 2008 in Italy, while its second single, "A te", ranked first in the Italian annual chart.
Anthony Woolley
Anthony Paul Woolley (born 4 December 1971) is an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Derbyshire during three years in cricket.

He first played for Derbyshire's second team in 1997, in a drawn match, though it was not until two years later that he played first-class cricket for the team, in one match against Essex in June 1999. He played sporadically during the 1999 season in Division Two of the National League, though Derbyshire performed poorly and he was not to be selected for a second year.

He played club cricket for Alvaston and Boulton in the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League until 2011.

Derbyshire County Cricket League
The Premier Division of the Derbyshire County Cricket League is the top level of competition for recreational club cricket in Derbyshire, England, and is a designated ECB Premier League. The Premier League was founded in 2000 as a separate league from the Derbyshire County Cricket League, and at that time was called the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League. The two leagues amalgamated before the 2016 season, and the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League became the Premier Division of the Derbyshire County Cricket League. While most of the league's member clubs are from Derbyshire, there are also clubs from the Burton upon Trent area of Staffordshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire.
2010 Trofeo Bellaveglia
The 2010 Trofeo Bellaveglia was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This was the second edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orbetello, Italy between 19 July and 25 July 2010.

Orbetello
Orbetello is a town and comune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Grosseto, on the Lagoon of Orbetello, which is home to an important Natural Reserve.