hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arie Abraham Kampman
Arie Abraham "Ary" Kampman (6 July 1911 in Dordrecht – 23 September 1977 in Bemelen) was a Dutch scholar of Ancient Near Eastern studies, an initiator of scholarly societies and journals, and a secondary school teacher. Kampman obtained his Dutch PhD degree with professor Frans de Liagre Böhl on the 1945 thesis De historische beteekenis der Hethietische vestingbouwkunde (translated title: The historical significance of Hittite fortification). In 1939 he was a founder of the Nederlands Archaeologisch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten (translation: Dutch Archeological Institute for the Near East), the predecessor of the present The Netherlands Institute for the Near East.

Dordrecht
Dordrecht (Dutch: [ˈdɔrdrɛxt] ⓘ), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, pronounced [dɔrt] ⓘ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, and Zoetermeer, with a population of 123,000 (2025).

The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt ("the Island of Dordt"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands.

Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.
Western Alps
The Western Alps are the western part of the Alpine Range including the southeastern part of France (e.g. Savoie), the whole of Monaco, the northwestern part of Italy (i.e. Piedmont and the Aosta Valley) and the southwestern part of Switzerland (e.g. Valais). In the southeast the range is bounded by the Italian Padan Plain. In the west, the valley of the Rhone river separates it from the Massif Central. The northernmost part of the Western Alps - in the wide meaning of the term - is formed by the Swiss Prealps Sub-Range.

The peaks and mountain passes are higher compared to the Eastern Alps, while the range itself is not so broad and more arched.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Barium oxide
Barium oxide, also known as baria, is a white hygroscopic non-flammable compound with the formula BaO. It has a cubic structure and is used in cathode-ray tubes, crown glass, and catalysts. It is harmful to human skin and if swallowed in large quantity causes irritation. Excessive quantities of barium oxide may lead to death.

It is prepared by heating barium carbonate with coke, carbon black or tar or by thermal decomposition of barium nitrate.

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Communist nostalgia
Communist nostalgia, also called communism nostalgia or socialist nostalgia, is the nostalgia in various post-communist states (namely in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia) for the prior communist states.

Examples of such nostalgia can be observed in East Germany, Poland, the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic, Albania, and Slovakia. Businesses have commercialized and commodified communist nostalgia in the form of communist chic and other commodities and products reminiscent of the former era.

Commodification
Commodification is the process of transforming inalienable, free, or gifted things (objects, services, ideas, nature, personal information, people, or animals) into commodities, or objects for sale. It has a connotation of losing an inherent quality or social relationship when something is integrated by a capitalist marketplace. Concepts that have been argued as being commodified include broad items such as the body, intimacy, public goods, animals and holidays.
Anna Maria Muccioli
Anna Maria Muccioli (born 15 August 1964) is a Sammarinese politician who served as a Captain Regent for a six-month term in 2013 and 2014, with Gian Carlo Capicchioni.

She was previously the capitano (mayor) of Chiesanuova, as she was elected in the 2003 Sammarinese local elections and a member of the Grand and General Council.

Grand and General Council
The Grand and General Council (Italian: Consiglio Grande e Generale; Romagnol: Grând e Gnèral Cunsèj) is the unicameral parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term.
Dega Damot
Dega Damot (Amharic: ደጋ ዳሞት) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Dega Damot is bordered on the south by Dembecha, on the southwest by Jabi Tehnan, on the west by Kuarit, and on the north and east by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. The major town in Dega Damot is Feres Bet.

East Gojjam Zone
East Gojjam (Amharic: ምሥራቅ ጎጃም), also called Misraq Gojjam, is one of Zones in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its capital is Debre Markos. East Gojjam is named after the former province of Gojjam.

East Gojjam is bordered on the south by the Oromia Region, on the west by West Gojjam, on the north by South Gondar, and on the east by South Wollo; the bend of the Abay River defines the Zone's northern, eastern and southern boundaries. Its highest point is Mount Choqa (also known as Mount Birhan). Towns and cities in East Gojjam include Bichena, Debre Marqos, Debre Werq, and Mota.

This Zone was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as one of the several areas for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas; no specific woredas in this Zone were identified in this program. East Gojjam became the new home for a total of 20,000 heads of households and 80,000 total family members.
Tomasz Adamek
Tomasz "Tomek" Adamek (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtɔmaʂ aˈdamɛk]; born 1 December 1976) is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1999 to 2018. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the WBC light heavyweight title from 2005 to 2007, and the IBF and The Ring magazine cruiserweight titles from 2008 to 2009. He also held the IBO cruiserweight title in 2007, and challenged once for the WBC heavyweight title in 2011. BoxRec ranks Adamek as the third greatest Polish boxer of all time, pound for pound. He is the first Polish boxer to win The Ring title.

International Boxing Organization
The International Boxing Organization (IBO) is a US based corporation that sanctions professional boxing matches and awards world and regional championships.

It is an independent organization not recognized by the "big four" governing bodies (WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO), who only recognize each other in their rankings and title unification rules. Despite this, as of 2023, IBO titles have been unified with titles of the other bodies in several weight divisions.
The WBC website highlights the importance of title recognition and the implications of multiple governing bodies in boxing. While the IBO operates independently, its titles being unified with the WBA, IBF, and WBO in certain divisions demonstrates how these organizations work together despite initial rivalries.
Tronba
Tronba (Arabic: ترنبة)  is a Syrian village located in Saraqib Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tronba had a population of 3623 in the 2004 census.

As part of the Idlib Governorate, it was under the control of the Syrian opposition, including Jabhat Fateh al-Sham and Tahrir al-Sham. It fell to the regime in the Northwestern Syria offensives in early February 2020, and was later established as the closest point of the control of the Syrian regime to the city of Idlib, until being recaptured in the Operation Deterrence of Aggression on 29 November 2024.

Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)
On 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian opposition groups called the Military Operations Command led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and supported by allied Turkish-backed groups in the Syrian National Army (SNA) launched an offensive against the Ba'athist government's armed forces in Aleppo and Hama Governorates in Syria. Codenamed Deterrence of Aggression by HTS, this was the first military offensive campaign launched by opposition forces in the Syrian civil war since the March 2020 Idlib ceasefire. On 29 November 2024, HTS entered Aleppo and captured most of the city, as the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) collapsed. The next day, opposition forces made rapid advances, capturing dozens of towns and villages as government forces disintegrated, and advanced toward Hama and subsequently capturing it on 5 December. This offensive begun a series of offensives that led to fall of Damascus.
British Rail Class 58
The British Rail Class 58 is a class of Co-Co diesel locomotive designed for heavy freight. The narrow body with cabs at either end led to them being given the nickname "Bone" by rail enthusiasts.

Their design represented a major departure from British conventions of construction; amongst the innovations was the adoption of the American practice of modularisation. The first locomotive of the class was delivered to British Rail during early 1983 and entered service that same year. Despite expectations of a lengthy service life, during 2002, EWS decided to withdraw all examples of the type after only 19 years in service. Subsequently, 32 were hired abroad – four to the Netherlands, eight to Spain and twenty to France. A few examples have also been scrapped or have entered preservation.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Ognissanti, Florence
The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti, or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti (Italian: [ˈkjɛːza di oɲɲisˈsanti, ˈkjeː-, - dj -]; "Church of All Saints"), is a Franciscan church located on the eponymous piazza in central Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. Founded by the lay order of the Umiliati, the church was dedicated to all the saints and martyrs, known and unknown.

It is the burial place of the famous Early Renaissance painter, Sandro Botticelli, as well as Age of Discovery-era explorer Amerigo Vespucci, from whom the name "America" is derived.

Naming of the Americas
The naming of the Americas occurred shortly after Christopher Columbus's death in 1506. The earliest known use of the name America dates to April 25, 1507, when it was applied to what is now known as South America by German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller. It is generally accepted that he derived the "America" nomenclature from the name of Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, who explored the two continents on behalf of Spain and Portugal. Vespucci was at the time a popular author about his explorations of what he called the "New World". However, some have suggested other explanations, including being named after the Amerrisque mountain range in Nicaragua, or after Richard Amerike, a merchant from Bristol, England.
Zavodsky (rural locality)
Zavodsky (Russian: Заво́дский; masculine), Zavodskaya (Заво́дская; feminine), or Zavodskoye (Заво́дское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Zavodskoye, Altai Krai, a selo in Zavodskoy Selsoviet of Troitsky District of Altai Krai

Zavodskoye, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, a selo in Tersky District of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

Zavodskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Ilyushinsky Rural Okrug of Nesterovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Zavodskoye, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Georgiyevskoye Settlement of Mezhevskoy District of Kostroma Oblast

Zavodskoye, Altai Krai
Zavodskoye (Russian: Заводско́е) is a village (selo) in Troitsky District of Altai Krai, Russia.

It is situated at an altitude of 258 metres. The latitude and longitude of Zavodskoye are 53.06949° and 84.42251° respectively.

Zavodskoye is located in the time zone Krasnoyarsk Standard Time  of UTC +7. Its postal code is 659831.

The population of Zavodskoye is 1,330.

52°49′47″N 84°42′45″E﻿ / ﻿52.82972°N 84.71250°E﻿ / 52.82972; 84.71250
Shujauddin (cricketer, born 1970)
Shujauddin (born 16 February 1970) is a former Pakistani cricketer. From Quetta, the capital of Balochistan province, all of his matches at a major level came during the 1998–99 season of the limited-overs Tissot Cup. Shujauddin made his debut for Quetta against Hyderabad in April 1999, scoring 22 not out on debut, in what was to be his highest score in List A matches. A wicket-keeper, he played three further matches during the competition, but was replaced by Sanaullah Khan for the final fixture against the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation. Overall, Shujauddin scored 45 runs and made seven dismissals (five catches and two stumpings) from his four matches in the competition.

National One-Day Championship
The National One Day Cup was the national domestic List A (one-day) cricket competition in Pakistan. Due to frequent reorganisations by the Pakistan Cricket Board, at different times there have been one or more competitions involving teams representing either regional associations or departments (or a mix of the two), during the same season, resulting in multiple domestic one-day champions in those seasons.
Vera Traub
Vera Traub is a German applied mathematician and theoretical computer scientist known for her research on approximation algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems including the travelling salesperson problem and the Steiner tree problem. She is a junior professor in the Institute for Discrete Mathematics at the University of Bonn.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Dakshina Shahi
Dakshina Shahi (born 4 October 1987, Nepali: दक्षिणा शाही) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Karnali Provincial Assembly. In the 2022 Nepalese provincial election She was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas people category.

2nd Karnali Provincial Assembly
The second Karnali Provincial Assembly was elected by the 2022 provincial elections on 20 November 2022. 40 members were elected to the assembly, 24 of whom were elected through direct elections and 16 of whom were elected through the party list proportional representation system. The first session of the assembly commenced from 2 January 2023.
1976 IMSA GT Championship
The 1976 Camel GT Challenge season was the 6th season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series.  The series was for GTO and GTU class Grand tourer racing cars.  It began on January 31, 1976, and ended on November 28, 1976, after fifteen rounds.

Camel (cigarette)
Camel is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and by Japan Tobacco outside the U.S. Most recently Camel cigarettes contain a blend of Turkish tobacco and Virginia tobacco. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the city where R. J. Reynolds was founded, is nicknamed "Camel City" because of the brand's popularity.
Telescreen (band)
Telescreen was an American rock band formed in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 2007. Following the breakup of Classic Case and Codeseven, members of the two bands created a new musical project. Taking their name from George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the band combines samples and effects with progressive space rock. Their live performances featured the quintet playing behind a giant screen, which alternately featured messages and art film imagery. The lighting and projection was timed so that at certain points the band is visible behind the screen, while at others they were obscured by the images.

Telescreen released The Solar Sea in 2007 by means of a creative commons license where fans could download the music directly from the band after sending a small payment via PayPal. In September 2008, Telescreen signed to Tragic Hero Records. They also released a split 7-inch vinyl with Damn This Desert Air on Koi Records in 2008.

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
Sulo Parkkinen
Sulo Parkkinen (21 April 1930 – 10 June 2013) was a Finnish footballer. He played in two matches for the Finland national football team from 1953 to 1955. He was also part of Finland's team at the 1952 Summer Olympics, and for their qualification matches for the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

Finland national football team
The Finland national football team (Finnish: Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands fotbollslandslag) represents Finland in men's international football competitions and is controlled by the Football Association of Finland, the governing body for football in Finland, which was founded in 1907. The team has been a member of FIFA since 1908 and a UEFA member since 1957.

Finland had never qualified for a major tournament until securing a spot at UEFA Euro 2020. After decades of average results and campaigns, the nation made progress in the 2000s, achieving notable results against established European teams and reaching a peak of 33rd in the FIFA World Rankings in 2007. Afterward, their performances and results declined, drawing them to their all-time low of 110th in the FIFA Rankings in 2017. Seven years after their all-time low in the FIFA Rankings, as of October 2025, they sit at 72nd place in the overall ranking.
Muhudu Maha Vihara
Muhudu Maha Vihara (Sinhalaː මුහුදු මහා විහාරය) is a Buddhist temple at Pottuvil in  Ampara District, Eastern province of Sri Lanka. This temple, near a wide beach, is believed to have been built over 2000 years ago by King Kavan Tissa of Ruhuna. The ruins and remains of ancient stupas, Seema Malaka, Avasa Geya and statues can be seen at the site. Important ruins at the temple premises include stone statues of Buddha and two statues of old kings or gods.

Principality of Ruhuna
The Principality of Ruhuna (Sinhala: රුහුණ, [ruɦuɳə]), also referred to as the Kingdom of Ruhuna, is a region of present-day Southern and Eastern Sri Lanka. It was the centre of a flourishing civilisation and the cultural and economic centres of ancient Sri Lanka. Magama, Tissamaharama and Mahanagakula (now called as Ambalantota) were established here.

The kingdom of Ruhuna was an important state in Sinhalese history as it was known for several rebellions against the superior states in Rajarata. The principality was defeated with its last de facto Queen Sugala been captured and executed by the invading army of Parakramabahu I. Following its annexing by Parakramabahu, the rebellions that arose were suppressed.
Mycoacia rubiginosa
Mycoacia rubiginosa is a species of toothed crust fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It was described as a new species in 2004 by mycologists Kurt Hjortstam and Leif Ryvarden. The type collection was made in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Magdalena, Colombia, where the fungus was found growing on dead hardwood. It is known only from the type locality. Fruit bodies of M. rubiginosa are distinguished by their reddish colour, and spines up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The hyphal system is monomitic, containing only generative hyphae. The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled and translucent, with dimensions of 4–4.5 by 2.5–2.75 μm.

Magdalena Department
Magdalena (Spanish pronunciation: [maɣðaˈlena]) is a department of Colombia, located in the north of the country by the Caribbean Sea, with more than 1.3 million people. The capital of the Magdalena Department is Santa Marta and was named after the Magdalena River. The department inherited the name of one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia that its current territory integrated.
Tiny Computers
Tiny Computers Limited was a British computer manufacturer based in Salfords, Surrey, England The company was formed in 1991. In 2002, Tiny Computers was bought by   Time Computers, after facing administration.

Salfords
Salfords /ˈsælfʊdz/ SAL-fudz) is a village in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. It lies approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Redhill on the A23 London to Brighton road. The village is within the civil parish of Salfords and Sidlow which covers a population of 3,069, and has a parish council.