hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Left-handed specialist
In baseball, a left-handed specialist (also known as lefty specialist) is a relief pitcher who throws left-handed and specializes in pitching to left-handed batters, weak right-handed batters, and switch-hitters who bat poorly right-handed. Because baseball practices permanent substitution, these pitchers frequently pitch to a very small number of batters in any given game (historically, often only one), and rarely pitch to strictly right-handed batters. Most Major League Baseball (MLB) teams have several left-handed pitchers on their rosters, at least one of whom is a left-handed specialist. A left-handed specialist is sometimes called a LOOGY (or Lefty One-Out GuY), coined by John Sickels, and may be used pejoratively.

Batting (baseball)
In baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team. A batter or hitter is a person whose turn it is to face the pitcher. The three main goals of batters are to become a baserunner, to drive runners home or to advance runners along the bases for others to drive home, but the techniques and strategies they use to do so vary. Hitting uses a motion which is virtually unique to baseball and its fellow bat-and-ball sports, one that is rarely used in other sports. Hitting is unique because it involves rotating in the horizontal plane of movement, unlike most sports movements which occur in the vertical plane.
Áras an Uachtaráin
Áras an Uachtaráin (Irish pronunciation: [ˈaːɾˠəsˠ ənˠ ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠaːnʲ] ⓘ; "Residence of the President"), formerly the Viceregal Lodge, is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Ireland.

The estate is located off Chesterfield Avenue in the Phoenix Park in Dublin, with the building's design being credited to amateur architect Nathaniel Clements but more likely guided by professionals (John Wood of Bath, Sir Edward Lovett Pearce and Richard Cassels) and completed around 1751 to 1757.

Richard Cassels
Richard Cassels (1690 – 1751), also known as Richard Castle, was an architect who ranks with Edward Lovett Pearce as one of the greatest architects working in Ireland in the 18th century. Cassels was born in 1690 in Kassel, Germany. Although German, his family were of French origin and descended from the French-Netherlandish 'Du Ry' family, famous for the many architects among their number. A cousin Simon Louis du Ry designed Schloss Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel.
2018 Erste Bank Open – Singles
Lucas Pouille was the defending champion but lost to Borna Ćorić in the second round.

Kevin Anderson won the title, defeating Kei Nishikori in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–3). Anderson saved a match point in his opening round match against Nikoloz Basilashvili.

This was Nishikori's ninth consecutive defeat in ATP World Tour level finals. His most recent victory came in February 2016 at Memphis.

Denis Kudla
Denis Kudla (/ˈkuːdlə/ KOOD-lə; born August 17, 1992) is an American tennis coach and former professional player. He had a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 53, achieved in May 2016. He had a career-high doubles ranking of No. 133, achieved in August 2018. He won nine Challenger singles and nine doubles titles in his career.

He is currently coaching Reilly Opelka.
Marshall A. Barber
Marshall Albert Barber (1868–1953) was a biologist who studied malaria affiliated with the Rockefeller Foundation and the University of Kansas. He proposed the technique of microinjection to clone bacteria. He developed micropipette methods in 1904 for microscopic renal physiology. He also worked with the U.S. military on public health issues, offering his advice during both World Wars. He earned three degrees from Harvard. He graduated from the University of Kansas in 1891, studied for a second bachelor's degree and a master's degree at Harvard, graduating in 1894, and taught botany and bacteriology at Kansas.  He earned a PhD from Harvard in 1907 and went to the Philippines in 1911. In 1915 he went to Malaysia with the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1913 while working in Manila he may have been the first to discover mastitis in dairy cattle while experimenting on himself.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Hrishikesh Tamuli
Hrishikesh Tamuli (born 17 July 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Assam in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 2 March 2019. He made his List A debut on 25 September 2019, for Assam in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

Assam cricket team
The Assam cricket team is a domestic cricket team represents the Indian state of Assam, run by the Assam Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class tournament Ranji Trophy, limited-overs tournament Vijay Hazare Trophy and the Twenty20, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Langballig (Amt)
Langballig is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Langballig.

The Amt Langballig consists of the following municipalities:

Dollerup

Grundhof

Langballig

Munkbrarup

Ringsberg

Wees

Westerholz

54°48′00″N 9°37′59″E﻿ / ﻿54.800°N 9.633°E﻿ / 54.800; 9.633

Schleswig-Flensburg
Schleswig-Flensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːsvɪç ˈflɛnsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Slesvig-Flensborg) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland, the Region Syddanmark in Denmark, the city of Flensburg and the Baltic Sea.
Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.

Real estate appraisal
Real estate appraisal, home appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the process of assessing the value of real property (usually market value). The appraisal is conducted by a licensed appraiser. Real estate transactions often require appraisals to ensure fairness, accuracy, and financial security for all parties involved.

Appraisal reports form the basis for mortgage loans, settling estates and divorces, taxation, etc. Sometimes an appraisal report is also used to establish a sale price for a property. Factors like size of the property, condition, age, and location play a key role in the valuation.
Gene Melchiorre
Eugene "Squeaky" Melchiorre (August 10, 1927 – September 27, 2019) was an American basketball player. A point guard, he was drafted by the Baltimore Bullets and was the first overall pick in the 1951 NBA draft. Melchiorre never played an NBA game due to his lifetime ban from the league for point shaving when he was a college player.

Bradley University
Bradley University is a private university in Peoria, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1897, Bradley University enrolls 5,200 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 specialized and professional accreditors.
1912 St. Viator football team
The 1912 St. Viator football team represented St. Viator College during the 1912 college football season. The team compiled a 4–4, but was outscored 229 to 117, largely due to a 116–7 loss to Notre Dame in early October.

1912 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1912 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1912 college football season.

On October 5, in one of the most lopsided contests in Notre Dame history, junior quarterback Gus Dorais led the Irish to a 116–7 rout of St. Viator in the season-opener.  Second year coach John L. Marks guided Notre Dame to another undefeated season in 1912, following up a 6–0–2 record in 1911 with a 7–0 mark.
Human rights in Ethiopia
According to the U.S. Department of State's human rights report for 2022, there exists "significant human rights issues" in Ethiopia. In addition to extrajudicial killings and instances of "enforced disappearance", other human right issues in Ethiopia include arbitrary arrest, the censorship and unjustified arrests of journalists, the use of child soldiers, and more.

Reports of human rights violations within the country have been levied at the federal government of Ethiopia, and by various militant groups and regional militias; including the Tigray People's Liberation Front.

Somali Region
The Somali Region (Somali: Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida, Amharic: ሱማሌ ክልል, romanized: Sumalē Kilil, Arabic: المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (lit. 'Western Somalia') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the second largest region of Ethiopia in terms of area. The state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the state.

The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
Eudaemons
The Eudaemons were a small group headed by graduate physics students J. Doyne Farmer and Norman Packard at the University of California Santa Cruz in the late 1970s.  The group's immediate objective was to find a way to beat roulette using a concealed computer, with the ulterior  motive of using the money made from roulette to fund a scientific community. The name of the group was inspired by the eudaimonism philosophy.

Eudaimonia
Eudaimonia (also spelled eudaemonia)(/juːdɪˈmoʊniə/; Ancient Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː]) is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of good spirit, and which is commonly translated as happiness or welfare.

In the works of Aristotle, eudaimonia was the term for the highest human good in older Greek tradition. It is the aim of practical philosophy-prudence, including ethics and political philosophy, to consider and experience what this state really is and how it can be achieved. It is thus a central concept in Aristotelian ethics and subsequent Hellenistic philosophy, along with the terms aretē (most often translated as virtue or excellence) and phronesis ('practical or ethical wisdom').

Discussion of the links between ēthikē aretē (virtue of character) and eudaimonia (happiness) is one of the central concerns of ancient ethics, and a subject of disagreement. As a result, there are many varieties of eudaimonism.
Pa-Pa-Pa-Pa-Puffy
Pa Pa Pa Pa Puffy (also known as Pa-Pa-Pa-Pa Puffy, パパパパパフィー) is a variety TV show which aired in Japan (TV Asahi) from 1 October 1997 to 27 March 2002, and re-aired as a PUFFY 10th anniversary broadcast for a short time in 2006. It was hosted by Ami Onuki and Yumi Yoshimura. Rodney Alan Greenblat was responsible for most of the visual design of the show.

Pa-Pa-Pa-Pa-Puffy featured guests such as Lenny Kravitz, Sylvester Stallone, Harrison Ford, Aerosmith, and rock band Garbage.

Rodney Alan Greenblat
Rodney Alan Greenblat (born August 23, 1960) is an American artist, graphic designer and children's book author born in Daly City, California. He is a former director of the Center for Advanced Whimsy, is responsible for the character design of several video games, including the PaRappa the Rapper series, and was an active figure in the East Village art scene of the 1980s.
RacCS203
RacCS203 is a bat-derived strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus collected in acuminate horseshoe bats from sites in Thailand and sequenced by Lin-Fa Wang's team. It has 91.5% sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 and is most related to the RmYN02 strain. Its spike protein is closely related to RmYN02's spike, both highly divergent from SARS-CoV-2's spike.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Soviet destroyer Statny
Statny (Russian: Статный, lit. 'Stately') is the name of the following ships of the Soviet Navy:

Soviet destroyer Statny (1939), a Storozhevoy-class destroyer sunk during a storm in 1941

Soviet destroyer Statny (1949), a Skory-class destroyer

Soviet destroyer Statny (1939)
Statny (Russian: Статный, lit. 'Stately') was one of 18 Storozhevoy-class destroyers (officially known as Project 7U) built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Although she began construction as a Project 7 Gnevny-class destroyer, Statny was completed in 1941 to the modified Project 7U design.

The destroyer entered service in July of that year, a month after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, and shelled German positions on the Gulf of Riga coast in early August. While evading air attack on 18 August, she struck a mine that blew off her bow. Statny grounded and was abandoned before sinking during a storm on 22 August following a failed salvage effort to pump out water from her flooded compartments. Her wreck was salvaged for scrap in 1957.
Caloptilia burgessiella
Caloptilia burgessiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (Québec) and the United States (Massachusetts, California, Maine, Connecticut, New York, Vermont and Michigan).

The larvae feed on Cornus asperifolia, Cornus florida, Cornus racemosa and Vaccinium corymbosum. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Cornus florida
Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood or American dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico. An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River.  The tree is commonly planted as an ornamental in residential and public areas because of its showy bracts and interesting bark structure.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 585
United Nations Security Council resolution 585, adopted unanimously on 13 June 1986, noted a report of the secretary-general that, due to the existing circumstances, the presence of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would continue to be essential for a peaceful settlement. The council expressed its desire for all parties to support the ten-point agreement for the resumption of intercommunal talks, and asked the secretary-general to report back again before 30 November 1986, to follow the implementation of the resolution.

The council reaffirmed its previous resolutions, including Resolution 365 (1974), expressed its concern over the situation, urged the involved parties to work together toward peace and once more extended the stationing of the Force in Cyprus, established in Resolution 186 (1964), until 15 December 1986.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 365
United Nations Security Council Resolution 365, adopted on 13 December 1974, after receiving General Assembly resolution 3212 (which regarded the Cyprus Question) and noting with satisfaction in unanimous adoption the Council endorsed the General Assembly resolution and urges the parties concerned to implement it as soon as possible, requesting the Secretary-General to report on the progress of the implementation of this resolution.

No details of the voting were given, the resolution states it was adopted "by consensus".
Poplar River (Fawn River tributary)
The Poplar River is a river in northern Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and is a left tributary of the Fawn River.

The Poplar River begins at an unnamed lake and flows northeast, then north, and finally northwest to its mouth at the Fawn River. The Fawn River flows via the Severn River to Hudson Bay.

Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889, of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.
1999 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1999.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
1990 Volvo U.S. National Indoor – Singles
Brad Gilbert was the defending champion, but did not take part in the U.S. National Indoor tennis tournament that year.Michael Stich clinched his first career singles title in the final, defeating Wally Masur 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 7–6(7–1).

Wally Masur
Wally Masur (/məˈsʊər/; born 13 May 1963) is a tennis coach, television commentator, and former professional tennis player from Sydney, Australia. He reached the semifinals of the 1987 Australian Open and the 1993 US Open, achieving a career-high singles ranking of world No. 15 in October 1993.
Candidates in the 2022 New Zealand local elections
At the 2022 New Zealand local elections, 287 different people contested mayoral races, 275 contested regional council seats, and 1,592 contested local council seats. The vast majority were independents.

Regions of New Zealand
The regions of New Zealand are the administrative jurisdictions of the country's regional councils and unitary authorities; the country is divided into sixteen such areas. The councils derive their powers from the central government, as New Zealand is a unitary state rather than a federation.

Eleven are currently administered by regional councils, whilst the other five are administered by unitary authorities. Most of New Zealand's outlying Islands are not included within its regions, with the Solander Islands being the exception as they are within the Southland Region. The Chatham Islands are not within any region, having their own specially legislated territorial authority.
Chrysanthemic acid
Chrysanthemic acid is an organic compound that is related to a variety of natural and synthetic insecticides.   It is a terpenoic acid related to the pyrethrin I and II, as well as the pyrethroids. One of the four stereoisomers, (1R,3R)- or (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid (pictured), is the acid part of the ester pyrethrin I, which occurs naturally in the seed cases of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Many synthetic pyrethroids, for example the allethrins, are esters of all four stereoisomers. Staudinger and Ružička named chrysanthemic acid in 1924.

Stereoisomerism
In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections or their order differs. By definition, molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer.
Multigraph
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph  is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges), that is, edges that have the same end nodes. Thus two vertices may be connected by more than one edge.

There are 2 distinct notions of multiple edges:

Edges without own identity: The identity of an edge is defined solely by the two nodes it connects. In this case, the term "multiple edges" means that the same edge can occur several times between these two nodes.

Edges with own identity: Edges are primitive entities just like nodes. When multiple edges connect two nodes, these are different edges.

A multigraph is different from a hypergraph, which is a graph in which an edge can connect any number of nodes, not just two.

For some authors, the terms pseudograph and multigraph are synonymous. For others, a pseudograph is a multigraph that is permitted to have loops.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.