hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheepdog Glory
Sheepdog Glory is a 1956 novel written by Roy Saunders. It is a biography of Toss, a border collie herding dog owned by Saunders. The novel chronicles Toss's development from a puppy to a winner of the annual sheepdog trials.  It is set in the framework of a Welsh shepherd's calendar, and follows the mixed fortunes of the hill shepherd's daily life.

The novel was reprinted in 2009 by Outrun Press.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
Punnala
Punnala is a small village situated in Kollam district of Kerala, India. Punnala is located at a distance of 8 kilometers from both Pathanapuram and Punalur and 1 km from Chachipunna. It is in the Pathanapuram Taluk, Pathanapuram Assembly Constituency and Mavelikkara Parliament Constituency. Punnala is a part of Piravanthoor Grama Panchayth, Pathanapuram Block Panchayat and Kollam district Panchayat.

Punalur
Punalur is a municipality in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. It is the headquarters of the Punalur Taluk and Punalur Revenue Division. It is in the eastern part of the Kollam district of Kerala, on the banks of the Kallada River and foothills of the Western Ghats. It is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Kollam and 68 kilometres (42 mi) north of Thiruvananthapuram.
Newark Castle, Selkirkshire
Newark Tower is a large, ruined tower house standing in the grounds of Bowhill House, in the valley of the Yarrow Water three miles west of Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. In addition to the keep, sections of a gatehouse and wall survive. It has been designated a scheduled monument by Historic Environment Scotland.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
Aggad
Aggad (Arabic: العقاد, romanized: al-ʿAqqād, lit. 'the rope-maker') is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Foued Mohamed-Aggad (c. 1992–2015), French terrorist

Omar Aggad (1927–2018), Saudi-Palestinian businessman

Tarek Aggad (born 1971), Saudi businessman

Omar Aggad
Omar A. Aggad (sometimes Umar Aqqad; Arabic: عمر العقاد, romanized: ʿUmar al-ʿAqqād; 20 April 1927 – 1 February 2018) was a Saudi-Palestinian businessman, the founder of Aggad Investment Company (AICO), and the founder and former chairman of Arab Palestinian Investment Company (APIC).
Elastration
Elastration (a portmanteau of "elastic" and "castration") is a bloodless method of male castration and docking commonly used for livestock. Elastration is simply banding the body part (scrotum or tail) until it drops off. This method is favored for its simplicity, low cost, and minimal training requirements.

Tail
The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso. In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates such as scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are also referred to as tails.

Tail-shaped objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" (e.g. caudate lobe, caudate nucleus), and the body part associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal" (which is considered a more precise anatomical terminology).
1874 Arkansas elections
Arkansas held a general election on October 13, 1874. The vote resulted in approval of a new Constitution of Arkansas and complete political realignment in the state to the Democratic Party, marking the end of the Reconstruction era in Arkansas.

Democratic Party of Arkansas
The Democratic Party of Arkansas is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Arkansas. The current chair is Col. Marcus Jones. Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was born in Arkansas, and served as state governor from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992.

Arkansas was historically a Democratic stronghold, voting Democratic in all 23 presidential elections from 1876 through 1964. However, in the 21st century the party has seen its electoral power steadily decline in the state. Democrats control no statewide or federally elected offices in Arkansas, and have minorities in both chambers of the state legislature.
2026 Liga Nusantara final
The 2026 Liga Nusantara final was the final match of the 2025–26 Liga Nusantara, the second season of the Liga Nusantara under its current name and the 10th season under its current league structure. This match saw RANS Nusantara facing off against Dejan and was held at the Sriwedari Stadium in Surakarta, Central Java on 8 February 2026.

RANS Nusantara won their first ever Liga Nusantara title, as well as their first Indonesian 3rd-tier league title after defeating Dejan in the penalty shoot-out.

Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: سوراكارتا), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese: ꦱꦭ; Sålå), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper.

Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024.
All Saints Church, Higher Kinnerton
All Saints Church is in Main Road, Higher Kinnerton, Flintshire, Wales.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester, and the deanery of Chester.

The church was designed by Douglas and Fordham and built in 1893.  It is constructed in Ruabon brick.  In addition to a central spire, the chancel is carried up into another pyramidal spire.

Construction on an extension to the church building was started in 2007.  This has been completed, providing the church with on-site facilities including a small kitchen.

Ruabon
Ruabon (Welsh: Rhiwabon; pronounced [r̥ɪʊˈɑːbɔn]) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The name comes from Rhiw Fabon, rhiw being the Welsh word for "slope" or "hillside" and Fabon being a mutation from St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin. An older English spelling, Rhuabon, can sometimes be seen.

From the mid-19th century, Ruabon became famous across the UK, for its red bricks and terracotta, which earnt the village the nickname "Terracottapolis". The local discovery of high-quality Etruria marl clay led to the rise of the Dennis Ruabon Tile Factory, whose durable and richly coloured products were used nationwide. The tiles were used in landmark projects such as Cardiff's Pier Head and Liverpool University's Victoria Building.

In 2001, more than 80% of the population of 2,400 were born in Wales, with 13.6% having some ability in Welsh.
Christianity in the 13th century
The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) imperial church headed by Constantinople continued to assert its universal authority. By the 13th century this assertion was becoming increasingly irrelevant as the Eastern Roman Empire shrank and the Ottoman Turks took over most of what was left of the Byzantine Empire (indirectly aided by invasions from the West). The other Eastern European churches in communion with Constantinople were not part of its empire and were increasingly acting independently, achieving autocephalous status and only nominally acknowledging Constantinople's standing in the Church hierarchy. In Western Europe the Holy Roman Empire fragmented making it less of an empire as well.

Northern Crusades
The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns conducted by several Germanic Catholic kingdoms and military orders in an effort to Christianize all of the pagans—the Balts, the Finns, and the West Slavs—around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. In some cases, such as with the Wendish Crusade, they were partly aimed at controlling the rich resources found in those lands.

The most notable of these campaigns were the Livonian and Prussian Crusades. Some of these wars were explicitly regarded as crusades during the Middle Ages. For example, the war against the Estonians and the "other pagans in those parts", authorized by Pope Alexander III's 1171 crusade bull, Non parum animus noster. However, others—such as the (possibly mythical) 12th-century First Swedish Crusade and several subsequent incursions, undertaken by Scandinavian Christians against the then-Pagan Finns—were dubbed "crusades" only in the 19th century, by romantic nationalist historians.
E. R. Ward Neale
Ernest Richard Ward Neale, OC FRSC (July 3, 1923 – May 20, 2008) was a Canadian geologist. His scientific research contributed to the understanding of the large-scale structure of the northern Appalachian mountains of Atlantic Canada. Neale used his enthusiasm for geology to inform students and the general public about discoveries in his field through television, radio, pamphlets, booklets, news magazines, and the popular press.

Neale worked with the Geological Survey of Canada and Memorial University of Newfoundland. He, along with John Rodgers of Yale University, were the first to recognize the transported oceanic sedimentary rocks that overlie ancient shelf deposits in western Newfoundland.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Epix Pharmaceuticals
Epix Pharmaceuticals Inc. (formerly Predix Pharmaceuticals Inc.) was a pharmaceutical company based in Lexington, Massachusetts.

Its products included the following agents:

PRX-00023—5-HT1A receptor full agonist (later discovered to be an antagonist): for major depression and generalized anxiety disorder

PRX-03140—5-HT4 receptor partial agonist: for Alzheimer's disease

PRX-07034—5-HT6 receptor antagonist: for obesity and cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia

PRX-08066—5-HT2B receptor antagonist: for pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

As of July 2009, the company was in the process of asset liquidation due to insufficient funds to stay afloat.

5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene.
Colours (Adam F album)
Colours is the debut studio album by English drum and bass producer Adam F. It was released on 3 November 1997 through Positiva Records. The album features collaborations with Tracey Thorn (from Everything but the Girl), Grooverider, MC Conrad and Ronny Jordan. The first single from the album, "Circles", was initially released in 1995, but did not chart until its re-release in 1997, when it entered the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 20. Other singles from the album included "Metropolis" / "Mother Earth", "F-Jam", and "Music In My Mind". Upon release, the album reached number 47 on the UK Albums Chart.

Goldie
Clifford Joseph Price MBE (born 19 September 1965), better known as Goldie, is an English music producer, DJ, graffiti artist and actor.

Initially gaining exposure for his work as a graffiti artist, Goldie became well known for his pioneering role as a musician in the 1990s UK jungle, drum and bass and breakbeat hardcore scenes. He released a variety of singles as Rufige Kru and Metalheads and co-founded the label Metalheadz. He later released several albums under his own name, including the 1995 album Timeless, which entered the UK charts at number 7.

Goldie's acting credits include the James Bond film The World Is Not Enough, Guy Ritchie's Snatch, and the BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Muzinë
Muzinë (Albanian definite form: Muzina, Greek: Μουζίνα), is a village of the administrative unit of Mesopotam, Finiq, southern Albania. The village is known for its proximity to the water spring known as the Blue Eye, a popular tourist attraction.

The population of Muzinë is composed of Orthodox Albanian speakers from the late Ottoman period till the late twentieth century. In the twenty first century, although Albanian is the main village language, inhabitants themselves self identify as Greek speakers and some as Greek.
Muzinë has undergone extensive depopulation due to the migration of its younger population, and in the early 2020s most of its remaining inhabitants are elderly.

Finiq
Finiq (Albanian: Finiq, Albanian definite form: Finiqi, Greek: Φοινίκη, romanized: Foiniki) is a settlement, considered a town or village, and municipality in Vlorë County, in southern Albania located 8 km from the Ionian Sea and 20 km north of the Greek border. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former communes Aliko, Dhivër, Livadhja, Mesopotam, and Finiq itself. It is inhabited by ethnic Greeks and is one of two municipalities in Albania in which Greeks form a majority, alongside Dropull. The seat of the municipality is the village Dërmish. The total population is 10,529 (2011 census), in a total area of 444.28 km2.

The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 1,333; according to the civil offices, which count all citizens including those who live abroad, was 6,780 (2011 estimate).
T. A. Denny
Thomas Anthony "T. A." Denny (2 April 1818 – 25 December 1909) was an Irish bacon merchant, a self-described "pork philanthropist". Although not a member of the Salvation Army, he supported it financially. His philanthropic activities also included support for education. In April 1868, he married Mary Jane Noel (1829-1887), daughter of Baptist Wriothesley Noel. In 1893, he married the evangelist Elizabeth Hope, who was 24 years his junior. His son was the first-class cricketer and British Army officer Ernest Denny.

Baptist Wriothesley Noel
The Reverend The Honourable Baptist Wriothesley Noel (/ˈraɪəθsli/ REYE-əths-lee; 16 July 1798 – 19 January 1873) was an English Baptist minister. He was minister of St John's Chapel, Bedford Row, London, from 1827 to 1848,  In 1849 he  became pastor of the nearby John Street Baptist Church in Bloomsbury, following the death of the former pastor, James Harington Evans. Noel twice served as President of the Baptist Union of Great Britain. A portrait of him hangs outside the library of Regent's Park College, Oxford.
Jonathan Rodden
Jonathan A. Rodden (born August 18, 1971) is an American political scientist. He is a professor of political science at the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences and a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.

Rodden was born August 18, 1971, in St. Louis. He completed a B.A. in political science at University of Michigan in 1993. Rodden was a Fulbright Scholar at the Leipzig University from 1993 to 1994. He earned a Ph.D. in political science at Yale University in 2000.

Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research
The Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) is a nonpartisan economic research institution housed at Stanford University.  It was founded in 1982 as a way to bring together economic scholars from different parts of the University.

SIEPR's mission is to support research that informs economic policymaking while engaging future leaders and scholars. The institute shares knowledge and builds relationships among academics, government officials, the business community and the public.
2004 Kentucky Senate election
The 2004 Kentucky Senate election was held on November 2, 2004. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 18. Half of the senate (all odd-numbered seats) were up for election. Republicans maintained their majority in the chamber without gaining or losing any seats. A numbered map of the senate districts at the time can be viewed here.

Republicans had initially flipped district 37, but the results were voided when the candidate who won the election was determined to be ineligible to serve. Democrats retained that seat in a February 2006 special election.

Bob Jackson (Kentucky politician)
Robert L. Jackson (born 1962) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1997 to 2005. Jackson was first elected in a November 1997 special election following the death of incumbent senator Jeff Green. He did not seek reelection in 2004 and was succeeded by Republican Kenneth W. Winters. Jackson served as the president of Murray State University from 2018 until the end of the 2025 school year in June 2025.
Brousseau
Brousseau is a French surname. It can refer to the following people:

Alfred Brousseau (1907 – 1988), American educator, photographer and mathematician

Caleb Brousseau (born 1988), Canadian para-alpine skier

Gino Brousseau (born 1966), Canadian volleyball player

Jean-Baptiste Brousseau (1841 – 1925), Canadian lawyer, journalist and political figure in Quebec

Jean-Docile Brousseau (1825 – 1908), Canadian politician and newspaper owner

Joseph Brousseau (1733–1797), French architect

Julie Brousseau (born 2006), Canadian swimmer

Kate Brousseau (1862–1938), American professor and researcher

Paul Brousseau (b. 1973), retired professional ice hockey player

Raymond Brousseau (1938–2021), Canadian film director and artist

Gino Brousseau
Gino Brousseau (born September 4, 1966) is a former Canadian volleyball player, a member of Canada men's national volleyball team from 1984 to 2000, and a participant in the 1992 Olympic Games. He is the current head coach of Laval Rouge et Or men's volleyball team and the Canada men's junior national volleyball team.
Ban Don Yai railway station
Ban Don Yai station (Thai: สถานีบ้านดอนใหญ่) is a railway station located in Don Yai Subdistrict, Khong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 320.35 km (199.1 mi) from Bangkok railway station. The station was rebuilt in 2019 as part of the double tracking project between Thanon Chira Junction and Khon Kaen.

Khon Kaen railway station
Khon Kaen railway station is a railway station located in Nai Mueang Subdistrict, Khon Kaen City, Khon Kaen. It is a class 1 railway station located 449.752 km (279.5 mi) from Bangkok railway station. The station opened on April 1, 1933, as part of the Northeastern Line Nakhon Ratchasima–Khon Kaen section. On June 24, 1941, the line extended to Udon Thani. The station was rebuilt as the first elevated station of Northeastern region in 2019, with the Thanon Chira Junction–Khon Kaen double-track railway project.
2001 Hutchinson gas explosions
On January 17, 2001, natural gas stored underground at the Yaggy storage field nearby Hutchinson, Kansas, leaked into empty brine caverns and salt wells, resulting in two gas explosions in the city of Hutchinson on January 17 and 18.

Oneok
Oneok, Inc. (/ˈwʌnˌoʊk/) ONE-oak, stylized as ONEOK, is an American oil and gas midstream operator headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It provides the oil and gas industry with gathering, processing, fractionation, transportation, and storage services. The company is part of the Fortune 500 and S&P 500. Oneok was founded as Oklahoma Natural Gas Company in 1906, but it changed its corporate name to Oneok in 1980.
Port Rexton
Port Rexton is a small town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located on the East Coast of the island of Newfoundland at the north end of Robinhood Bay, about 10 minutes east of Trinity and 3 hours north of St. John's. The town had a population of 690 in 1940, 449 in 1951, 454 in 1956, 351 in the Canada 2006 Census, 338 in the Canada 2011 Census and most recently 340 in the Canada 2016 Census. The town is part of a group of communities known as the Trinity Bight. The town is home to a few small businesses, including inns and restaurants as well as the Skerwink trail which connects Port Rexton to Trinity Harbour.

2006 Canadian census
The 2006 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The following census was the 2011 census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897. This count was lower than the official July 1, 2006 population estimate of 32,623,490 people. The previous census was the 2001 census and the following census was in 2011 census.
Federalist Party (France)
The Federalist Party (Parti fédéraliste, PF) was a French European federalist political party, founded in 1995 by Jean-Philippe Allenbach. In 2011 it joined forces with the Europe United Party and became the European Federalist Party. The French section European Federalist Party is currently led by Yves Gernigon.

The party ran in the 2004 regional elections, running lists in four regions. In Ile-de-France, it won 2.51% in association with Ecology Generation. In 1998 regional elections its lists had obtained between 0.52 and 3.87 percent. In the 2004 EU Parliamentary elections it ran lists in all eight constituencies, with its best results coming from East France and Île-de-France with 0.02% in each of the regions.

After failing to gather the required 500 endorsements to run, Christian Chavrier, the leader of Federalist Party in 2007, endorsed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) candidate François Bayrou in the 2007 presidential election.

1998 French regional elections
Regional elections were held in France on 15 March 1998. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 regions, which, though they don't have legislative autonomy, manage sizeable budgets.

The parliamentary right, led by the conservative Gaullist Rally for the Republic and the centre-right Union for French Democracy won the presidency of 15 of the 26 regions, the rest were won by the French Socialist Party and its allies (Communists, Greens, Radicals). The far-right National Front obtained good results, increasing its number of seats. The far-left and Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition also won seats on various regional councils.

These election were the last ones conducted using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes being applied regionally, later replaced by a two-round mixed-member majoritarian system for the 2004 elections.