hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augustine Birrell
Augustine Birrell KC (19 January 1850 – 20 November 1933) was a British Liberal Party politician, who was Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1907 to 1916. In this post, he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for Catholics. He was criticised for failing to take action against Irish rebels before the Easter Rising, leading to his subsequent resignation. A barrister by training, he was also an author noted for humorous essays.

Tenant farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, cash, or a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim (tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years (tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances.
George II of Constantinople
George II Xiphilinos (Greek: Γεώργιος Ξιφιλῖνος; died 7 July 1198) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 1191 and 1198.

George was born to the Xiphilinos family, to which previous Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople belonged. According to Theodore Balsamon, George II, during the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, added one member to the Exokatakoiloi (an office similar to the Catholic cardinal in the Greek Church of the time), making it six.

John VIII of Constantinople
John VIII of Constantinople (John Xiphilinos Greek: Ἰωάννης Ξιφιλῖνος; c. 1010 – 2 August 1075), a native of Trebizond, was a Byzantine intellectual, jurist, and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1064 to 1075. He was the uncle of John Xiphilinus, the Epimator. He is considered "an innovator in the field of the methodology of jurisprudential research".
Nakhimovsky Prospekt
Nakhimovsky Prospekt is an avenue in Moscow, Russia, that runs from Kolomensky Proyezd in the east to Vavilova Street in the west. After that, it continues as Lomonosovsky Prospekt.

The street first emerged around 1955 as 7th Cheryomushki Street (Седьмая Черёмушкинская улица), before being named after Admiral Pavel Nakhimov in 1965.

As part of the cancelled Fourth Ring Road (ru), Nakhimovsky Prospekt is a busy chord connecting radial streets, with major crossings like Varshavskoye Highway and Profsoyuznaya Street.

The avenue is serviced by two metro stations, Nakhimovsky Prospekt (built 1983) in the beginning and Profsoyuznaya (built 1962) in the middle part.

Pavel Nakhimov
Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov (Russian: Павел Степанович Нахимов, pronounced [ˈpavʲɪl sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ nɐˈxʲiməf]; July 5 [O.S. June 23] 1802 – July 12 [O.S. June 30] 1855) was a Russian admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy known for his victory in the Battle of Sinop and his leadership in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War.

He joined the Imperial Russian Navy and moved up the ranks, serving in the Greek War of Independence and the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29). At the beginning of the Crimean War, he delivered a significant victory at the Battle of Sinop against the Ottoman Empire. Afterward, he was a leader in the defense of Sevastopol against British, French, and Ottoman forces, during which a sniper wounded him. He died a few days later.

After his death, he became a hero in Russia, with medals and ships named after him, especially during Soviet times, starting with Stalin. Also, a Soviet Film called Admiral Nakhimov was made in 1947 about his life.
Prashansaniya Seva Padakkama
The Prashansaniya Seva Padakkama (PSP, Good Conduct Medal) (Sinhala: ප්‍රසංශනීය සේවා පදක්කම prasanṣanīya sēvā padakkama) is a medal awarded by the Military of Sri Lanka to all noncomissioned officers and seamen of the Sri Lanka Volunteer Naval Force in recognition of "long, meritorious, loyal, valuable, service and unblemished conduct". It was established on 31 January 2000, and does not confer any individual precedence. Other ranks of the Ceylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve had been awarded the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal from 1938 to 1950.

Ceylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
The Ceylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was the volunteer naval reserve of the British Crown colony of Ceylon from 1938 to 1950. Established as the Ceylon Naval Volunteer Force (CNVF) on 1 January 1938 under the Naval Volunteer Ordinance, No, l of 1937. It was made up of volunteers mainly from the mercantile sector of Colombo consisting of 12 officers and 18 sailors, under the command of the newly commissioned Commander W. G. Beauchamp. The first headquarters of the force was set up on 11 January 1939 (formally opened on 14 June 1939), just before the outbreak of World War II, at Kochchikade.
Doğanevler, Genç
Doğanevler (Kurdish: Şernan) is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 194 in 2021.

The hamlets of Doğanlar and Karataş are attached to the village.

Bingöl Province
Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg; Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg; Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey. The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province. Its area is 8,003 km2, and its population is 282,556 (2022). The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.
Maple Street Historic District
Maple Street Historic District can refer to:

Maple Street Historic District (Southbridge, Massachusetts)

Maple Street Historic District (Addison, New York)

Maple Street Historic District (Battle Creek, Michigan)

Maple Street Historic District (Lewisburg, West Virginia)

Maple Street Historic District (Southbridge, Massachusetts)
The Maple Street Historic District consists of a cluster of ten similar worker cottages on Maple Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts.  They were built as part of an effort by the locally important American Optical Company to improve the quality of its worker housing in the 1910s.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
Tsachev
Tsachev (Bulgarian: Цачев) is a Bulgarian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tsacheva. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Tsachev (born 1989), Bulgarian footballer

Tsetska Tsacheva (born 1958), Bulgarian jurist and politician

Tsetska Tsacheva
Tsetska Tsacheva Dangovska (Bulgarian: Цецка Цачева Данговска; born 24 May 1958) is a Bulgarian politician and jurist. A member of centre-right conservative GERB political party, Dangovska has served as the Minister of Justice from 4 May 2017 to 5 April 2019. She had previously held the position of Chairwoman of the National Assembly of Bulgaria on two occasions. She was the first woman to ever chair the National Assembly since its establishment in 1878.
Mahab Al Shimaal
The Mahab Al Shimaal, is a horse race for horses aged three and over, run at a distance of 1,200 metres (six furlongs) on dirt in March at Meydan Racecourse in Dubai.

The Mahab Al Shimaal was first contested in 2001 on dirt at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse. It was moved to Meydan in 2010 where it was run on a synthetic Tapeta surface until reverting to dirt in 2015.

Nad Al Sheba Racecourse
Nad Al Sheba Racecourse was Thoroughbred horse racing facility in Dubai, United Arab Emirates opened in 1986. It had a 2,200 m left-handed dirt race track and a left-handed turf course of the same distance. It operated from November through March and featured the Dubai International Racing Carnival and its Dubai World Cup Night.

Nad Al Sheba Racecourse was demolished in 2009 following hosting the Dubai World Cup race, being replaced by Meydan Racecourse.
St. Thomas Tommies (Canada)
The St. Thomas Tommies are the college sports teams of St. Thomas University (STU) in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. The university fields six women's varsity teams and four men's varsity teams across six sports. Of the ten varsity teams, nine participate in the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) as members of the Atlantic Colleges Athletic Association (ACAA), while the women's ice hockey team participates in Atlantic University Sport (AUS) of U Sports.

The STU men's soccer team hosted the 2024 CCAA Men's Soccer Championship at Grant-Harvey Turf Field during 6–9 November.

The Tommies men's rugby team operates at the club level and competes in the 2nd Division of the Atlantic Men's University League.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Liceo María Auxiliadora
Liceo María Auxiliadora (English: Mary Help of Christians High School) is a Chilean high school located in Santa Cruz, Colchagua Province, Chile.

The school opened its doors in March 1889, with an enrollment of 13 students under the direction of Mother Angela Vallese.

Santa Cruz, Chile
Santa Cruz is a Chilean city and commune, located in the Colchagua valley, in the O'Higgins Region, located on the southern shore of the Tinguiririca river, 110 miles from Santiago, Chile's capital city, and 27 miles from San Fernando.
Sabinene
Sabinene is a natural bicyclic monoterpene with the molecular formula C10H16.  It is isolated from the essential oils of a variety of plants including Marjoram, holm oak (Quercus ilex) and Norway spruce (Picea abies).  It has a strained ring system with a cyclopentane ring fused to a cyclopropane ring.

Sabinene is one of the chemical compounds that contributes to the spiciness of black pepper and is a major constituent of carrot seed oil. It also occurs in tea tree oil at a low concentration. It is also present in the essential oil obtained from nutmeg, Laurus nobilis, and Clausena anisata.

Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the longest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution, being planted for its wood, and is the species used as a Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet abies means "like 
Abies, Fir tree".
Amel Melih
Amel Melih (Arabic: آمال مليح; born 6 October 1993) is an Algerian swimmer. She represented Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Her time of 25.77 in the women's 50m freestyle was not enough to advance out of the heats and she finished in 35th place overall. She finished 39th overall in the women's 100m freestyle with a time of 56.65. She was the flag bearer for Algeria during the opening ceremony along with Mohamed Flissi.

She represented Algeria at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.

Mohamed Flissi
Mohamed Flissi (born 13 February 1990, in Boumerdès) is an Algerian boxer. He represented Algeria at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He also qualified to represent Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Fréjus station
Gare de Fréjus is a railway station serving Fréjus, Var department, southeastern France. It is situated on the Marseille–Ventimiglia railway. The station is served by regional trains (TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) to Nice, Marseille and Toulon.

TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
TER Provence Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, branded as TER Zou!, is the regional rail network serving the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. This network is operated by SNCF, although services between Nice and Marseille will instead be operated by a subsidiary of Transdev from June 2025, after winning a competitive tender held by the region in 2021.
The public transport authority, the Regional Council, runs 800 trains a day, especially near Avignon, Marseille, Toulon and Nice. 100,000 users take regional trains each day.
Silk O'Loughlin
Francis H. "Silk" O'Loughlin (August 15, 1872 – December 20, 1918) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1902 to 1918. He umpired in the World Series in 1906, 1909, 1912, 1915 and 1917, serving as crew chief in 1917.

1909 World Series
The 1909 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1909 season. The sixth edition of the World Series, it featured the National League champion Pittsburgh Pirates against the American League champion Detroit Tigers. The Pirates won the Series in seven games to capture their first championship of the modern Major League Baseball era and the second championship in the club's history. This was the first major professional sports championship ever won by a Pittsburgh-based team. This Series is best remembered for featuring two of the very best players of the time, Pittsburgh shortstop Honus Wagner, and Detroit outfielder Ty Cobb.
Dalziel Hammick
Dalziel Llewellyn Hammick FRS (8 March 1887 in West Norwood, London, England – 17 October 1966) was an English research chemist. His major work was in synthetic organic chemistry. Along with Walter Illingworth he promulgated the Hammick-Illingworth rule, which predicts the order of substitution in benzene derivatives. He also developed the Hammick reaction which generates ortho-substituted pyridines.

West Norwood
West Norwood is a largely residential area of south London within the London Borough of Lambeth, located 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south south-east of Charing Cross.  The centre of West Norwood sits in a bowl surrounded by hillsides on its east, west and south sides.  From many parts of the area, distant views can be seen, of places such as the City of London, Canary Wharf and Crystal Palace.

West Norwood includes some or all of three wards of the London Borough of Lambeth – Gipsy Hill, Knights Hill and West Dulwich. On Lambeth Council, Gipsy Hill and West Dulwich are represented by two councillors each, whilst Knights Hill is represented by three councillors.
Kasol
Kasol is a hamlet in the Kullu district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated in Parvati Valley, on the banks of the Parvati River between Bhuntar and Manikaran. It is located 30 km (19 mi) from Bhuntar, 3.5 km from Manikaran and 36 km (22 mi) from Kullu town, the district headquarters. Kasol is the Himalayan hotspot for backpackers and acts as a base for nearby treks to Malana and Kheerganga. It is called Mini Israel of India due to a high percentage of Israeli tourists here.

Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)
Parvati River is a river in the Parvati Valley in Himachal Pradesh, northern India that flows into the Beas River at Bhuntar, some 10 km south of Kullu. It rises from the Man Talai Glacier below the Pin Parbati Pass and flows in a gradual curve from north-northwest to west-southwest past the important temple town of Manikaran.

The river valley has been a route to various places: Lahul across the Sara Umga La pass, Spiti across the famous Pin Parbati Pass, and the recently discovered (1995) Debsa Pass. The river has fine first-growth forests in its upper reaches which are being degraded as a consequence of development of its vast hydro-electric potential.  There are geothermal springs on the banks of the river at Manikaran and Kheerganga.
Caltech Cosmic Cube
The Caltech Cosmic Cube was a parallel computer, developed by Charles Seitz and Geoffrey C Fox from 1981 onward. It was the first working hypercube built.

It was an early attempt to capitalise on VLSI to speed up scientific calculations at a reasonable cost. Using commodity hardware and an architecture suited to the specific task (QCD), Fox and Seitz demonstrated that this was indeed possible.

In 1984 a group at Intel including Justin Rattner and Cleve Moler developed the Intel iPSC inspired by the Cosmic Cube.
In 1987 several people in the group formed a company called Parasoft to commercialize the message passing interface developed for the Cosmic Cube.

Hypercube internetwork topology
In computer networking, hypercube networks are a type of network topology used to connect and route data between  multiple processing units or computers. Hypercube networks consist of 2m nodes, which form the vertices of squares to create an internetwork connection. A hypercube is basically a multidimensional mesh network with two nodes in each dimension. Due to similarity, such topologies are usually grouped into a k-ary d-dimensional mesh topology family, where d represents the number of dimensions and k represents the number of nodes in each dimension.
St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts
The St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts is a performing arts theatre complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located at 27 Front Street East, one block east of Yonge Street, it was the City of Toronto's official centennial project, commemorating the 1967 Canadian Centennial. It houses two auditoriums, the 868-seat Bluma Appel Theatre and the 499-seat Jane Mallett Theatre.

Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in area, bordered by Bloor Street to the northeast, a Canadian Pacific Railway line to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario.

The area showcases Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto had the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Christmas with the Campbells
Christmas with the Campbells is a 2022 American romantic comedy film directed by Clare Niederpruem and written by Barbara Kymlicka, Dan Lagana and Vince Vaughn. The film stars Brittany Snow, Justin Long and Alex Moffat. This film also marks the final theatrical film appearance of George Wendt prior his death in 2025.

The plot follows Jesse (Snow) as she is suddenly dumped by her boyfriend Shawn (Moffat) before the Christmas holiday and finds herself thrown into a chaotic Christmas with her now ex-boyfriend's family while he is away. The film has been described as being a raunchy spin on a traditional holiday romantic comedy and a gentle parody or satire of said traditional films. It was released by AMC+ on December 2, 2022.

Dan Lagana
Dan Lagana is an American television writer and producer. He is best known for creating the TV series Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous on MTV and for serving as showrunner on the Netflix series American Vandal. He has won a Peabody Award.
Tikopia language
The Tikopia language, or Fakatikopia, is a Polynesian Outlier language from the island of Tikopia in the Solomon Islands. It is closely related to the Anuta language of the neighboring island of Anuta; some linguists believe they are dialects of the same language. Tikopia is also spoken by the Polynesian minority on Vanikoro, who migrated from Tikopia several centuries ago.

The language is spoken by approximately 3,320 speakers, and is not considered endangered.

The language has benefitted from a thorough description by anthropologist Raymond Firth (1901-2002).

Close back rounded vowel
The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨u⟩.

In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips ('endolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed ('exolabial').

[u] alternates with labio-velar approximant [w] in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, [u̯] with the non-syllabic diacritic and [w] are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.
KCPO-LD
KCPO-LD (channel 26) is a low-power independent television station in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, owned by Chuck Poppen's Central Plains Media. Its transmitter is located on the campus of the University of Sioux Falls.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Richard A. Bettis
Richard A. Bettis (November 22, 1947 – January 22, 2025) was the Ellison Distinguished Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a former president of the Strategic Management Society and was the Co-Editor of Strategic Management Journal from 2007-2015.

In 1986, Bettis and his co-author C.K. Prahalad coined the term dominant logic to describe deep-set cultural norms and thought patterns that drive managerial action in firms.

UNC Kenan–Flagler Business School
The UNC Kenan–Flagler Business School is the business school of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a public university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Founded in 1919, the school was renamed to its current name in 1991 in honor of Mary Lily Kenan and her husband, Henry Flagler.

The school offers programs for granting a bachelor of science in business administration, a master of business administration, an executive MBA, a master of accounting, a doctor of philosophy, a business certificate, and executive education programs. It is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.