hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fibre saturation point
Fibre saturation point is a term used in wood mechanics and especially wood drying, to denote the point in the drying process at which only water bound in the cell walls remains - all other water, called free water, having been removed from the cell cavities.

Further drying of the wood results in strengthening of the wood fibres, and is usually accompanied by shrinkage. Wood is normally dried to a point where it is in equilibrium with the atmospheric moisture content or relative humidity, and since this varies so does the equilibrium moisture content.

Laboratory testing has found the average FSP in many types of wood to be approximately 26%. Individual species may differ from the average.

Strength of materials
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials, such as yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. In addition, the mechanical element's macroscopic (geometric) properties, such as its length, width, thickness, boundary constraints, and abrupt changes in geometry, such as holes, are considered.

The theory began with the consideration of the behavior of one and two dimensional members of structures, whose states of stress can be approximated as two dimensional, and was then generalized to three dimensions to develop a more complete theory of the elastic and plastic behavior of materials. An important founding pioneer in mechanics of materials was Stephen Timoshenko.
2015 Monterrey Open
The 2015 Monterrey Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the Monterrey Open and an International tournament on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place at the Club Sonoma in Monterrey, Mexico, from 2 to 8 March 2015.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Rami (singer)
Rami (Japanese: らみ, Hepburn: Rami; stylized as RAMI) is a Japanese heavy metal singer and lyricist. She first rose to prominence as vocalist and co-founder of the all-female power metal band Aldious from 2008 to 2012. After a hiatus, she resumed musical activities in 2015 as the vocalist of the group Raglaia, before starting a solo career in 2016.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Rough diamond
A rough diamond is a diamond that has not been cut or processed. They come in a variety of naturally occurring shapes, including octahedral (eight-sided bipyramid), cubic, and triangular (most commonly macles).

A diamond or rough diamond can also be a type of diamond that is not fully developed or can have less brilliance. Extreme heat and pressure beneath the ground make the carbon atoms fuse in a specific structure.

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Robert Christopher Stafford Stanley
Sir Robert Christopher Stafford Stanley, KBE, CMG, OBE (12 May 1899 – 15 November 1983) was a British colonial administrator.

After serving as Chief Secretary of Northern Rhodesia, he was appointed High Commissioner of the Western Pacific in January 1952, although he did not arrive in Suva, Fiji, until June, taking up his duties on 3 July. He was the first person to hold the office separately from the Governor of Fiji, the two positions having been joined since 1877. After touring the British Western Pacific Territories, which included the Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, and the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in September, he moved the High Commission to Headquarters to Honiara in the Solomon Islands on 22 December. On 1 January 1953, he also became Governor of the Solomon Islands. He retired as High Commissioner and Governor in July 1955.

His daughter, Phillada Stanley, was married to Sir Cosmo Haskard, sometime Governor of the Falkland Islands.

New Hebrides
New Hebrides, named after the Hebrides in Scotland by Captain James Cook in 1774, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu.  The New Hebrides Condominium (French: Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides), which followed the governance of the islands under the Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission (1887–1889 and 1890–1906), lasted from 1906 until 1980, when New Hebrides gained its independence as the Republic of Vanuatu.
Mario Mereghetti
Mario Mereghetti (born 3 May 1938 in Ossona, Italy) is a retired Italian professional football player who played as a central midfielder.

Mereghetti began his career at Inter Milan, but after limited outings spent a season with Udinese in which he was a regular during the 1960-61 season. He returned to Inter for another season, but he moved on to Atalanta where he spent four seasons. He also played for Lazio, Varese and Lecco.

He returned to work at Inter after finishing his playing career.

Ossona
Ossona (Milanese: Ossòna [uˈsɔna]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,928 and an area of 6.0 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Ossona contains the frazione (subdivision) Asmonte.

Ossona borders the following municipalities: Casorezzo, Inveruno, Arluno, Mesero, Marcallo con Casone, Santo Stefano Ticino.
Madureira (surname)
Madureira is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augusto Madureira (born 1967), Portuguese journalist and songwriter

Doka Madureira (born 1984), Brazilian footballer

Joe Madureira (born 1974), American comics writer and artist

Jorge Madureira (born 1976), Portuguese footballer

Marcelo Madureira (born 1958), Brazilian comedian

Joe Madureira
Joe Madureira (/ˈmædəˌrɛrə/; born December 1974), often called Joe Mad, is an American comic book artist and game developer, best known for his work on Darksiders, Marvel Comics' Uncanny X-Men and his creator-owned comic book Battle Chasers. He is the founder of video game development companies Vigil Games and Airship Syndicate.

Madureira's style combines Western comic book influences (most notably the influence of artist Arthur Adams) though it evolved to incorporate heavy influences from Japanese manga and video games.
Bloodlines (TV series)
Bloodlines is a two-episode British detective fiction thriller starring Emma Pierson as rookie police officer Justine Hopkin. The series, produced by Granada Television and directed by Philip Martin, premiered on ITV on 31 January 2005 at 9 PM, with episode two airing on 1 February 2005, again at 9 PM. Episodes one and two are each 90 minutes in length. Initially envisioned as returning series, ITV chose not to recommission Bloodlines after viewing figures fell well below the expected target.

Kevin McNally
Kevin Robert McNally (born 27 April 1956) is an English actor and writer. He began his acting career in the BBC TV adaptation of I, Claudius (1976), but is best known for portraying Joshamee Gibbs in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise.
Robert Schoonjans
Robert Schoonjans (5 September 1925 – 15 March 2011) was a Belgian steeplechase runner. He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Schoonjans finished third behind Petar Šegedin in the steeplechase event at the British 1950 AAA Championships.

Steeplechase (athletics)
A steeplechase is an obstacle race in athletics which derives its name from the steeplechase in horse racing. The foremost version of the event is the 3000 metres steeplechase. The 2000 metres steeplechase is the next most common distance. In youth athletics, a distance of 1000 metres is occasionally used for steeplechase races.
St Francis of Assisi Church, Handsworth
St Francis of Assisi Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Birmingham. While the church is located between the Lozells and Hockley parts of the city, the parish covers most of Handsworth. It was founded in 1840, originally as a chapel in the nearby listed building, St. Mary's Convent designed by Augustus Pugin.

Sisters of Mercy
The Sisters of Mercy is a religious institute for women in the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, by Catherine McAuley. In 2019, the institute had about 6,200 sisters worldwide, organized into a number of independent congregations. Notable achievements include the foundation of education and health care facilities around the world.
Carolyn Tomei
Carolyn Tomei (born 1936) is a Democratic politician from the US state of Oregon. She served in the Oregon House of Representatives for District 41, representing Milwaukie and parts of Southeast Portland, including Sellwood and Eastmoreland from 2001 to 2015.

Democratic Party of Oregon
The Democratic Party of Oregon is the Oregon affiliate of the Democratic Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. The party has 17 special group caucuses which also each have representation on the State Central Committee.

After Oregon was admitted as a state in 1859, Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections. It is currently the dominant party in the state, holding all but one of Oregon's six United States House of Representatives seats, both United States Senate seats, both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, and the office of governor.
Saint-Côme–Linière
Saint-Côme–Linière (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ kom linjɛʁ]) is a municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada.  The official spelling given by the Commission de toponymie uses an en dash after "Saint-Côme", but the town's own website uses a second hyphen: Saint-Côme–Linière.  The population is 3,278 as of 2021.

Saint-Côme–Linière was constituted by the amalgamation of the parish municipality of Saint-Côme-de-Kennebec and the village of Linière on August 17, 1994.  Saint-Côme was named after Arabian-born Christian martyr Saint Cosmas and Linière received its name from the seigneur who was first granted the land and cultivated fields of flax ("Lin" in French).

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Havell
Havell in an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Havell family, an English family which produced notable artists

Ernest Binfield Havell (1861–1934), English arts administrator, art historian and author

Paul Havell (born 1980), Australian-born English cricketer

William Havell (1782–1857), English landscape painter

Ernest Binfield Havell
Ernest Binfield Havell (16 September 1861 – 31 December 1934), who published under the name E.B. Havell, was an influential English arts administrator, art historian and author of numerous books about Indian art and architecture. He was a member of the Havell family of artists and art educators. He was the principal of the Government School of Art, Calcutta from 1896 to 1905, where, along with Abanindranath Tagore, he developed a style of art and art education based on Indian rather than Western models, which led to the foundation of the Bengal school of art.
Gorran Churchtown
Gorran Churchtown is a village in the parish of St Goran (where the 2011 census population was included ), Cornwall, England. Gorran Churchtown is situated approximately nine miles (14 km) south-southwest of St Austell; Gorran Haven, the largest settlement in the parish, is a mile to the east.

Gorran Churchtown lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

St Austell
St Austell (/ˈɒstəl/, /ˈɔː-/; Cornish: Sen Austel) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 10 miles (16 km) south of Bodmin and 30 miles (48 km) west of the border with Devon.

At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 20,985 and the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 24,360.
1990 Sanremo Open
The 1990 Sanremo Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Sanremo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the only edition of the tournament and was held from 30 July to 6 August 1991. Seventh-seeded Jordi Arrese won the singles title.

Sanremo
Sanremo, also spelled San Remo in English and formerly in Italian, is a comune (municipality) on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of about 53,000, and is known as a tourist destination on the Italian Riviera. It hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. Italo Calvino, the most significant figure of 20th century Italian literature, spent his formative years here.
2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Uttarakhand on 14 February 2022 to elect 70 members of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022. It was the first time an incumbent government got re-elected after the creation of Uttarakhand.

The Bharatiya Janata Party formed the government for a second consecutive term with 47 seats, despite losing 10 seats. The Indian National Congress won 19 seats and served as the official opposition.

Trivendra Singh Rawat
Trivendra Singh Rawat (born 20 December 1960) is an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand between 2017 and 2021. He is currently serving as the member of parliament from Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency since 2024.

Rawat was a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from 1979 to 2002 and held the post of organising secretary of the Uttarakhand region, and later the Uttarakhand state, after the state's formation in 2000. He was elected from Doiwala in the State's first legislative assembly elections in 2002. He retained his seat in the 2007 elections and served as the State's Minister of Agriculture.

As a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Rawat served as Jharkhand's in-charge and Uttarakhand cadre's president. Winning from Doiwala again in 2017, he was named the Chief Minister after his party won majority and formed the government. Rawat resigned from the post on 9 March 2021 citing a "collective decision" made by the party.
William L. Carberry
William Lawrence Carberry (March 13, 1885 – January 14, 1973) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Yankton College in Yankton, South Dakota in 1914 and at Southern State Normal School—now known as the University of South Dakota–Springfield–in 1923 and from 1926 to 1932. He also served as the head football coach at Northern State Normal School—now known as Northern State University—in Aberdeen, South Dakota from 1933 to 1939 and 1942 to 1945. His brother was Glen Carberry, a former NFL football player and head coach at St. Bonaventure University in  St. Bonaventure, New York.

St. Bonaventure, New York
St. Bonaventure is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Allegany in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,963 at the 2020 census.

This community, located between the village of Allegany and the city of Olean, is a college town established around St. Bonaventure University. Since the campus comprises the majority of the CDP, it has a much lower per capita income than most communities in the state, as do the several other CDPs statewide that are drawn around college campuses. St. Bonaventure also has its own on-campus post office and ZIP code (14778), separate from those of Allegany and Olean.
Kevin Granata
Kevin P. Granata (December 29, 1961 – April 16, 2007) was an American professor in multiple departments including the Departments of Engineering, Science and Mechanics (in which he was tenured) and Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), in Blacksburg, Virginia. Granata held an additional academic appointment as a professor in the Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and was an adjunct professor at the University of Virginia in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery. During the Virginia Tech shooting, he shepherded students into his office in order to safeguard them. He was then killed by Seung-Hui Cho after he went to investigate and intervene.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Southern Idaho
Southern Idaho is a generic geographical term roughly analogous with the areas of the U.S. state of Idaho located in the Mountain Time Zone. It particularly refers to the combined areas of the Boise metropolitan area, the Magic Valley and Eastern Idaho.

Major cities in southern Idaho include Boise, Caldwell, Nampa, Meridian, Pocatello, Idaho Falls and Twin Falls.

Idaho Falls, Idaho
Idaho Falls is the fourth most populous city in Idaho and the county seat of Bonneville County. It is the state's most populous city outside the Boise metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 64,818. In the 2010 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 56,813 (2019 estimate: 62,888), with a metro population of 133,265.  As of the 2020 census, the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 154,855.

Idaho Falls serves as the commercial, cultural, and healthcare hub for Eastern Idaho, as well as parts of western Wyoming and southern Montana. It is served by the Idaho Falls Regional Airport and is home to the College of Eastern Idaho, Museum of Idaho, Idaho Falls Idaho Temple, and the Idaho Falls Chukars baseball team of the Pioneer League, as well as the Idaho Falls Spud Kings . It is the principal city of the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Idaho Falls–Blackfoot-Rexburg, Idaho Combined Statistical Area.
Correlation integral
In chaos theory, the correlation integral is the mean probability that the states at two different times are close:

where  is the number of considered states ,  is a threshold distance,  a norm (e.g. Euclidean norm) and  the Heaviside step function. If only a time series is available, the phase space can be reconstructed by using a time delay embedding (see Takens' theorem):

where  is the time series,  the embedding dimension and  the time delay.

The correlation integral is used to estimate the correlation dimension.

An estimator of the correlation integral is the correlation sum:

Heaviside step function
The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H or θ (but sometimes u, 1 or 𝟙), is a step function named after Oliver Heaviside, the value of which is zero for negative arguments and one for positive arguments.  Different conventions concerning the value H(0) are in use. It is an example of the general class of step functions, all of which can be represented as linear combinations of translations of this one.

The function was originally developed in operational calculus for the solution of differential equations, where it represents a signal that switches on at a specified time and stays switched on indefinitely. Heaviside developed the operational calculus as a tool in the analysis of telegraphic communications and represented the function as 1.