hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
People v. Sandoval
People v. Sandoval is a 1974 opinion by the Court of Appeals of the State of New York that "trial court must balance the 'probative worth of evidence of prior specific criminal, vicious or immoral acts on the issue of the defendant's credibility on the one hand, and on the other the risk of unfair prejudice to the defendant'". (Court citations: People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d 371, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 (N.Y. 1974)).

Sandoval pre-trial hearings (the procedure is unique to New York state) allow the accused to make an informed decision as to whether to testify given that it sets the scope of cross-examination.  A presumably probative result of a Sandoval hearing has been termed "a Sandoval".

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
Nonhlanhla Mthandi
Nonhlanhla Mthandi (also Nhlanhla; born 19 August 1995) is a South African professional soccer player and football freestyler who plays as a midfielder for SAFA Women's League club Mamelodi Sundowns and the South African women's national team.

Freestyle football
Freestyle football (football juggling and tricks) is the art of juggling a football using any part of the body, excluding the elbows to the hands. It combines football tricks, dance, acrobatics and music to entertain onlookers and compete with opponents. The official governing body for this sport is known as the World Freestyle Football Association (WFFA).
Arizona's 1st congressional district
Arizona's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona, covering northeastern Maricopa County. Before 2023, geographically, it was the eleventh-largest congressional district in the country and included much of the state outside the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. From 2013 through 2022, it also included the Navajo Nation, the Hopi reservation, and the Gila River Indian Community, with 25% of the population being Native American. At that time, the district had more Native Americans than any other congressional district in the United States. In the 2022 elections, David Schweikert was elected in the redefined district.

The new 1st district (as of 2023) includes northeast Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, and Fountain Hills. It is majority-white and is the wealthiest congressional district in Arizona.

Affluence in the United States
Affluence refers to an individual's or household's economical and financial advantage in comparison to others. It may be assessed through either income or wealth.

In absolute terms, affluence is a relatively widespread phenomenon in the United States, with over 30% of households having an income exceeding $100,000 per year and over 30% of households having a net worth exceeding $250,000, as of 2019. However, when looked at in relative terms, wealth is highly concentrated: the bottom 50% of Americans only share 2% of the total household wealth, while the top 1% hold 35% of that wealth.

In the United States, as of 2019, the median household income is $60,030 per year and the median household net worth is $97,300, while the mean household income is $89,930 per year and the mean household net worth is $692,100.
Singapore at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Singapore competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea. Eight competitors from Singapore competed in a total of two sports (athletics and swimming), and did not place in the medal table.

1988 Summer Paralympics medal table
The 1988 Summer Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 1988 Summer Paralympics, held in Seoul, South Korea, from October 15 to 24, 1988. Medalling 49 NPCs are at least one medal
Vila-rodona
Vila-rodona (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌviləruˈðonə], Spanish: Villarrodona) is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Camp, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 1,374 (register office, 2024) .

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
West Virginia's 13th Senate district
West Virginia's 13th Senate district is one of 17 districts in the West Virginia Senate. It is currently represented by Republican Mike Oliverio and Democrat Joey Garcia. All districts in the West Virginia Senate elect two members to staggered four-year terms.

Joey Garcia
Joey Garcia (born January 30, 1983) is an American attorney and politician, serving as a member of the West Virginia Senate from the 13th district since 2024. He previously represented the 50th district in the West Virginia House of Delegates from 2020 to 2024.
Per Hohle
Per Hohle (5 December 1918 – 24 November 1999) was a Norwegian writer.

He was born in Østre Toten Municipality. He wrote numerous books on hunting, mountaineering, nature and the outdoors. Notable books are Trollelgen i Svefjellet (1970), Fra varde til varde (1971), Folk og skrømt i Vassfaret (1973), Finnskoger og skogfinner (1974), I bjørnemark og villfjell (1976), De møtte bjørnen (1977), Høyfjell og villmark (1987), Storviltjegere og storviltjakter (1990) and Gjeddekongen i Siksjølia (1993).

Østre Toten Municipality
Østre Toten is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Toten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lena. Other villages in the municipality include Kapp, Kolbu, Kraby, Lensbygda, Nordlia, Skreia, and Sletta.

The 562.52-square-kilometre (217.19 sq mi) municipality is the 192nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Østre Toten Municipality is the 85th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 14,827. The municipality's population density is 26.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (68/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Sandford-on-Thames
Sandford-on-Thames, also referred to as simply Sandford, is a village and civil parish in the South Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England, beside the River Thames, just south of Oxford. The village is just west of the A4074 road between Oxford and Henley. In 2001 the parish had a population of 1336.

Elizabeth Isham
Elizabeth Isham (1609–1654) was an English intellectual, herbalist, and diarist. She is best known today for her two autobiographical diaries, which are among the earliest known examples of autobiography written by an Englishwoman. Although a wealthy woman, Anne Cotterill has said that for Isham her "mind was more to her than wealth".: 233
Jesus Meets John the Baptist
Jesus Meets John the Baptist is a c. 1622 oil on canvas painting by Guido Reni in the Girolamini, Naples, thought (with St. Francis in Ecstasy and The Flight into Egypt) to have been one of three works given to that complex by Domenico Lercaro.

Guido Reni
Guido Reni (Italian pronunciation: [ˌɡwiːdo ˈrɛːni]; 4 November 1575 – 18 August 1642) was an Italian Baroque painter, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religious works, but also mythological and allegorical subjects. Active in Rome, Naples, and his native Bologna, he became the dominant figure in the Bolognese School that emerged under the influence of the Carracci.
Hamilton School
Hamilton School (formerly Phoenix College) is a coeducational special school located in Reading, Berkshire, England.

The school has 64 places for 11–18 year olds. All students have statements of special educational needs relating to behavioural, social and emotional needs. The school was last inspected in 2024 and judged Good.

Previously a community school administered by Reading Borough Council, in January 2020 Phoenix College converted to academy status and was renamed Hamilton School. The school is now sponsored by the Maiden Erlegh Trust.

Reading Borough Council
Reading Borough Council is the local authority for Reading in the county of Berkshire, England. Reading has had a council since at least 1542, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1998, the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Civic Offices on Bridge Street in the town centre.
Venkitangu
Venkitangu  is a Panchayath in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

Venkitangu is a village located in Mullassery Block in the Thrissur District of Kerala, India. It belongs to the Central Kerala Division. It is located 14 km west from District headquarters Thrissur, 3 km from Mullassery and 286 km from State capital Thiruvananthapuram.  The village is bounded on east by kolnilam, on the west by Kanolikanal on the south by Enamavu lake and the north by Mullassery village.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Leftovers (podcast)
Leftovers was an American leftist political podcast hosted by Ethan Klein and Hasan Piker on the H3 Podcast. It is focused on politics and internet culture. Klein stated that "the spirit of this show is not serious policy debate. It's bringing righteous justice to these shit-bags [and] clowning on idiots".

The series features guests such as Amouranth, Liver King, and Andrew Callaghan as well as commentators such as Marxian economist Richard D. Wolff.

Amouranth
Kaitlyn Michelle Siragusa (born  1993 or 1994), known professionally as Amouranth (/ˈæmərænθ/), is an American social media personality, online streamer, and adult content creator. She is also known for her ASMR-themed livestreams and adult entertainment on Twitch and Kick.
Pedro de la Roca de Borja
Pedro de la Roca de Borja or Pedro de la Roca y Borja was a Spanish noble and the colonial governor of Santiago de Cuba from 1637 to 1640 or 1643. He was a member of the prestigious House of Borja family.

In 1637, Pedro de la Roca de Borja took over the Spanish governorship of Santiago de Cuba from Juan de Amezqueta Quijano. He was succeeded as the city's governor by Bartolomé de Osuna in December 1643.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
Canning Vale, Western Australia
Canning Vale is a southern suburb of Perth, 22 km (13.7 mi) from the central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning (west of Nicholson Road) and the City of Gosnells (east of Nicholson Road).

Murdoch University
Murdoch University is a public university in Perth, Western Australia, and additional campuses in Singapore and Dubai. It began operations as the state's second university on 25 July 1973, and accepted its first undergraduate students in 1975. Its name is taken from Walter Murdoch, the Founding Professor of English and former Chancellor of the University of Western Australia. The main campus is located in Murdoch, a suburb of Perth.

The university is a verdant university and a member of the Innovative Research Universities. In 2018, Murdoch University was recognised as producing the most employable graduates of all Australian universities after three years of graduating from their courses. In 2019, the university ranked third in overall student satisfaction amongst all public universities in Western Australia.
Nonnette (dessert)
The Nonnette is a French dessert, translating literally to "little nuns". It is a small gingerbread cake made of honey, rye flour, and usually filled with orange marmalade or honey. It is also typically glazed with a mixtures of egg whites, sugar, and lemon juice, and is frequently served during Christmastime.

Nonnettes tend to have a sticky, moist texture due to their glaze and a spicy taste due to a combination of cardamom, ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, and allspice.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Céphale et Procris (Jacquet de La Guerre)
Céphale et Procris (Cephalus and Procris) is an opera by the French composer Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre. It takes the form of a tragédie en musique in five acts with an allegorical prologue. The libretto, by Joseph-François Duché de Vancy, is loosely based on the myth of Cephalus and Procris as told in Ovid's Metamorphoses. The opera was first performed by the Paris Opéra at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal on 17 March 1694.

Unsurprisingly, the music shows the influence of Jean-Baptiste Lully, the founder of the French genre of tragédie en musique, who had died less than a decade before. But Jacquet de La Guerre added original touches of her own to the Lullian formula, such as a quiet conclusion in place of the expected final chorus.

Jean-Baptiste Lully
Jean-Baptiste Lully born Giovanni Battista Lulli (28 or 29 November [O.S. 18 or 19 November] 1632 – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-French composer, dancer and instrumentalist, who is considered a master of the French Baroque music style. Best known for his operas, he spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV and became a French subject in 1661. He was a close friend of the playwright Molière, with whom he collaborated on numerous comédie-ballets, including L'Amour médecin, George Dandin ou le Mari confondu, Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, Psyché and his best known work, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.
Mongol Olle Trail
The Mongol Olle Trail (Mongolian: Монгол Оллэ) is a long-distance hiking trail in Mongolia that was established in 2017. The trail consists of three routes, with a total length of approximately 42 km. Route 1 is located in the area of Bogdkhan Mountain, and Routes 2 and 3 are within Gorkhi-Terelj National Park.
It is named after Jeju Olle Trail and the Olle (올레), traditional walled paths to houses in Jeju Island, Korea.

Olle (alley)
Olle (Jeju: 올레) refers to traditional walled alleyways that connect houses to main paths in Jeju Province, South Korea. They are considered to be part of Jeju's tradition of piled stone structures, called doldam. They are now considered less common, although they are seen as symbols of Jeju.
La Puta y el Diablo
La Puta y el Diablo is the ninth album by the Spanish alternative metal band Hamlet. The band introduced a groove metal oriented sound. Mixing and mastering was done by Logan Mader.

It is the first album with new guitarist Alberto Marín and their first with Roadrunner Records.

Groove metal
Groove metal (also known as neo-thrash or post-thrash) is a subgenre of heavy metal music that began in the early 1990s. The genre is primarily derived from thrash metal, but played in slower tempos, and making use of rhythmic guitar parts. It was pioneered in the late 1980s by groups like Exhorder, Prong and Bad Brains, and then popularized by the commercial success of Pantera, White Zombie, Machine Head and Sepultura in the early to mid-1990s.

The genre went on to be influential in the development of the new wave of American heavy metal, nu metal and metalcore. It continued to gain traction in the 2000s with Lamb of God, DevilDriver and Five Finger Death Punch, and 2010s with Killer Be Killed and Bad Wolves.
Antonio Rosario Mennonna
Antonio Rosario Mennonna (May 27, 1906 – November 6, 2009) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of his death at the age of 103, he was the second-oldest bishop in the Church, behind Antoine Nguyên Van Thien.

Born in Muro Lucano, he was ordained to the priesthood on August 12, 1928.

On January 5, 1955, Mennonna was appointed Bishop of Muro Lucano by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following March 13 from Archbishop Domenico Picchinenna, with Bishop Matteo Sperandeo and Archbishop Augusto Bertazzoni serving as co-consecrators.

Mennonna was named Bishop of Nardò on February 22, 1962, later resigning after 19 years of service on September 30, 1983. He died on November 6, 2009.

Augusto Bertazzoni
Augusto Bertazzoni (10 January 1876 - 30 August 1972) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Potenza from 1930 until his retirement in 1966. He was titled later in his career as an archbishop despite running a normal diocese as opposed to archdiocese; upon his resignation he was given a ceremonial position which he occupied until his death.

The process for his beatification commenced on 8 June 1995 and he was titled as a Servant of God as a result. Pope Francis titled him as Venerable on 2 October 2019.
Army Medical Service (Norway)
The Army Medical Service (Hærens sanitet) was a branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces. Dating back to the 19th century, it was dissolved in 2002 when all medical services became part of the Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services (Forsvarets sanitet).

Norwegian Armed Forces
The Norwegian Armed Forces (Norwegian: Forsvaret, lit. 'The Defence') are the armed forces responsible for the defence of Norway. It consists of five branches, the Norwegian Army, the Royal Norwegian Navy, which includes the Coast Guard, the Royal Norwegian Air Force, the Home Guard, and Norwegian Cyber Defence Force as well as several joint departments.

The military force in peacetime is around 17,185 personnel including military and civilian staff, and around 70,000 in total with the current military personnel, conscripts and the Norwegian Home Guard in full mobilization.

Among European NATO members, the military expenditure of US$7.2 billion is the highest per capita.
Bertrand Patenaude
Bertrand M. Patenaude (born 1956) is an American historian who works as a research fellow at the Hoover Institution and lecturer at Stanford University. He lectures on history and international relations at Stanford with a focus on the politics and history of Russia and modern Europe.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
C4C
"C4C" is an abbreviation that can stand for:

Cadet Fourth Class, the rank of a cadet in his first (freshman) year at the United States Air Force Academy

Campaigners for Christ, a parachurch organization

Cancer 4 Cure, the third full-length studio album by El-P, released on Fat Possum Records May 22, 2012.

Cash for Clunkers, a colloquial name for the Car Allowance Rebate System program in the US

Cause 4 Concern, a drum and bass recording and production group

Challoner's for Charity, a student group from Dr Challoners Grammar School, Buckinghamshire who organise charity events in school to raise money for a variety of charities.

Channel Four Television Corporation, operator of the UK public-service television channel: Channel 4

Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Colonization, a 2008 PC game made by 2K Games and an installment in the Civilization series.

Fat Possum Records
Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.
Derek Jeter Pro Baseball 2008
Derek Jeter Pro Baseball 2008 is the fourth in a series of baseball video games developed and published by Gameloft. It was released on March 6, 2008.

The game can be run in full 3D on wireless phones that can handle the graphic upgrade, and features a 58-game season, with playoffs and league stats included, as well as baseball tips offered by Jeter mid-game. The game also features an advanced Difficult level.

Gameloft
Gameloft SE is a French major video game company based in Paris, founded in December 1999 by Ubisoft co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 11 development studios worldwide, and publishes games for mobile devices, video game consoles, and PC. Formerly a public company traded at the Paris Bourse, Gameloft was acquired by investment french company Vivendi in 2016.