hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March
Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, 7th Earl of Ulster (6 November 1391 – 18 January 1425), was an English nobleman and a potential claimant to the throne of England. A great-great-grandson of King Edward III of England, he was heir presumptive to King Richard II of England (both his paternal first cousin twice removed and maternal half grand-uncle) when the latter was deposed in favour of Henry IV. Edmund Mortimer's claim to the throne was the basis of rebellions and plots against Henry IV and his son Henry V, and was later taken up by the House of York in the Wars of the Roses, though Mortimer himself was an important and loyal vassal of Henry V and Henry VI. Edmund was the last Earl of March of the Mortimer family.

CreateSpace
On-Demand Publishing, LLC, doing business as CreateSpace, was a self-publishing service owned by Amazon. The company was founded in 2000 in South Carolina as BookSurge and or acquired by Amazon in 2005.

CreateSpace published books containing any content at all, other than just placeholder text. It neither edited nor verified. Books were printed on demand, meaning each volume was produced in response to an actual purchase on Amazon.

CreateSpace continued its publishing services for 8 years until its transfer to Amazon's Media on Demand. By 2018, it had published 1,416,384 books for over 15,000 authors.

In July 2018, CreateSpace announced it would be transferring media to Amazon's Media on Demand services in the following months. CreateSpace merged with Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) service later that year.
Louis Eugène Robert
Louis Eugène Robert (6 December 1806 – 28 May 1882) was a French naturalist, geologist, and entomologist.

Robert wrote numerous works on forest insects and geology, along with a treatise on the human and environmental history of his hometown of Meudon. He served as mayor of Meudon from 1870 to 1871. He was a friend of Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville.

Robert accompanied scientific expeditions to Central America, Iceland, Greenland, Scandinavia, and Lapland as a member of the La Recherche Expeditions of 1836 and 1838, led by Francois Thomas Tréhouart. Robert served as a naturalist alongside Joseph Paul Gaimard during the second voyage of La Recherche.

François Thomas Tréhouart
François Thomas Tréhouart (27 April 1798 – 8 November 1873) was a French admiral, notable as the last holder to date of the rank of Admiral of France, to which he was appointed on 20 February 1869. He was a recipient of the grand cross of the Order of Isabella II.

He first saw action at Navarino in 1827, then at the blockade of the Rio de la Plata. He was made a contre-amiral on 15 February 1846, becoming a grand officer of the Légion d'honneur on 18 July 1849. He rose to become a vice-admiral on 2 April 1851 before being sent to the Crimea to replace admiral Bruat. He was made préfet maritime of the 2nd maritime arrondissement maritime (Brest) from 1852 to 1855 and promoted to grand cross of the Légion d'honneur on 16 June 1856. He was then a senator from 16 August 1859 until his death.
George Benjamin Hodson
Brigadier General George Benjamin Hodson, CB, DSO (October 1863 – 25 January 1916) was a British Indian Army officer. He died of wounds sustained at Suvla during the Gallipoli campaign, while in command of the 33rd Indian Brigade.

He was commissioned as a subaltern, with the rank of lieutenant, into the South Staffordshire Regiment of the British Army in May 1882, after graduating from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in October 1915.

Subaltern (military)
A subaltern (IPA: /ˈsʌbəltərn/) is a primarily British military term for a junior officer. Literally meaning "subordinate", subaltern is used to describe commissioned officers below the rank of captain and generally comprises the various grades of lieutenant.
PC Card
PC Card is a technical standard specifying an expansion card interface for laptops and PDAs. The PCMCIA originally introduced the 16-bit ISA-based PCMCIA Card in 1990, but renamed it to PC Card in March 1995 to avoid confusion with the name of the organization. The CardBus PC Card was introduced as a 32-bit version of the original PC Card, based on the PCI specification. CardBus slots are backward compatible, but older slots are not forward compatible with CardBus cards.

Although originally designed as a standard for memory-expansion cards for computer storage, the existence of a usable general standard for notebook peripherals led to the development of many kinds of devices including network cards, modems, and hard disks.

The PC Card port has been superseded by the ExpressCard interface since 2003, which was also initially developed by the PCMCIA. The organization dissolved in 2009, with its assets merged into the USB Implementers Forum.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
Do Boond Pani
Do Boond Pani (meaning: Two Drops of Water) is a 1971 Hindi social drama film produced and directed by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas. Made under the "Naya Sansar" banner; the story, screenplay and dialogues were by Abbas, with additional dialogues by Inder Raj Anand. The music was composed by Jaidev. The cast included Simi Garewal, Jalal Agha and Madhu Chanda and was the debut film of actor Kiran Kumar. The film won the award for Best Feature film on National integration.

Set against the backdrop of Rajasthan, the film focused on the scarcity of water, and the eventual building of a dam. Ganga Singh (Jalal Agha) goes to work on the dam, but loses his life, leaving behind his widow and a young son in the village. His sacrifice helps transform the desert land into a fertile area with the dam being called Ganga Sagar dam.

Inder Raj Anand
Inder Raj Anand (died 6 March 1987) was an Indian film dialogue and screenwriter in Hindi cinema, who worked on many Raj Kapoor films, starting with Aag (1948), Aah (1953), Anari (1959) and Sangam (1964). While formally referred to as a writer for Hindi films, he was actually an Urdu writer, writing his scripts and dialogues in Urdu.

He was father to actor-director Tinnu Anand and producer Bittu Anand. Inder's grandson is noted film director Siddharth Anand (Salaam Namaste (2005) and Anjaana Anjaani (2010)). Famous director Mukul Anand was Inder's nephew. Shahenshah, starring Amitabh Bachchan, was Inder's last film as a writer. It was produced by his son, Bittu, and was directed by Tinnu. Shahenshah was released after Inder's death and it became one of the biggest hits of that year.
Transition metal arene complex
Metal arene complexes are organometallic compounds of the formula (C6R6)xMLy. Common classes are of the type (C6R6)ML3 and (C6R6)2M. These compounds are reagents in inorganic and organic synthesis. The principles that describe arene complexes extend to related organic ligands such as many heterocycles (e.g. thiophene) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (e.g. naphthalene).

Thiophene
Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor.  In most of its reactions, it resembles benzene. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C4H4O), selenophene (C4H4Se) and pyrrole (C4H4NH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring.
Barzona
The Barzona are a breed of beef cattle, developed in the United States, in the high desert, inter-mountain region of Arizona in the 1940s and 1950s. They are, in approximately equal proportions, a combination of Africander, Hereford, Beef Shorthorn and Angus. They have been bred to be especially hardy, having good heat, insect and disease tolerance.

Afrikaner cattle
The Afrikaner or Africander is an African breed of taurine-indicine cattle in the Sanga group of African cattle. It is derived from the cattle of the Khoikhoi (Hottentot) people which were already present in the area of modern South Africa when the Dutch East India Company established the Cape Colony in 1652.: 101
Itsu no Hi mo
"Itsu no Hi mo" (いつの日も; "Everyday") is a song by Mao Abe. It was released as Abe's third single on 13 January 2010 (2010-01-13), as the lead single from her second album Pop, two weeks before the album's release.

The song was certified by the RIAJ as gold for cellphone downloads. As this is her only single to receive any kind of certification to date, this makes "Itsu no Hi mo" her most successful.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Markus Klinko
Markus Klinko is an international fashion/celebrity photographer. and director,

Klinko has photographed Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, David Bowie, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Kanye West, Anne Hathaway, Kate Winslet, Will Smith, Christina Aguilera, Keanu Reeves, Ice Spice, Becky G, Eva Mendes, Kim Kardashian, Naomi Campbell, Daphne Guinness and Iman. His editorial clients include Vogue, GQ, Vanity Fair, Harper's Bazaar, and Interview magazine. Brands such as Lancôme, L'Oréal Paris, Nike, Hugo Boss, Anna Sui, Pepsi, Skyy Vodka, and Remy Martin have hired Klinko to create advertising campaigns. His campaign for Keep A Child Alive raised over one million dollars for children with AIDS in just a few days.

Iman (model)
Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (Somali: Iimaan Maxamed Cabdulmajiid; born Zara Mohamed Abdulmajid, 25 July 1955), known mononymously as Iman, is a Somali-American model and actress. A muse of the designers Gianni Versace, Thierry Mugler, Calvin Klein, Donna Karan, and Yves Saint Laurent, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She was married to athlete Spencer Haywood from 1977 to 1987 and musician David Bowie from 1992 until his death in 2016.
Stockport Express
Stockport Express is the local newspaper of Stockport, England. It is published every Wednesday. 
The sister free paper the Stockport Times, published every Thursday and distributed to households in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, has a circulation of 83,709. The editor of both publications is Paul Harrison.

In 2009, along with all regional and local newspapers run by M.E.N media, the offices for the Stockport Express were relocated from Stockport, Greater Manchester to Manchester.

In 2010, the owners Guardian Media Group, sold the Stockport Express along with a number of other local newspaper titles to competitor Trinity Mirror plc, the deal included the Manchester Evening News.

The Stockport Express has won both local and national awards including 1999 Community Newspaper of the Year.

Reach plc
Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newsbrand, magazine and digital publisher. It is one of the UK and Ireland's largest commercial news groups, both in online audience and titles, with over 120 print and online brands, including nationals Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, local titles including the Manchester Evening News, Liverpool Echo, BirminghamLive, Nottingham Post and BelfastLive, as well as WalesOnline, OK!  magazine, and the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Reach plc's headquarters are at One Canada Square in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)
St. Mary's Episcopal Church, also known as St. Mary's, Foggy Bottom or St. Mary's Chapel, is a historic Episcopal church located at 730 23rd Street, N.W. in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The church reported 103 members in 2015 and 96 members from 2019 to 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income reported for the congregation in 2024 was $157,778. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) in 2024 was 47 persons.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Fotheringay (Elliston, Virginia)
Fotheringay is a historic plantation home located near Elliston, Montgomery County, Virginia.  The house was built about 1796, and is a two-story, five bay brick dwelling with a hipped roof and deep two-story rear ell. It features a projecting two-level provincial type portico.  The house was originally built as a three bay dwelling with the portico on the southernmost bay.  It was expanded to the full five bays in the 1950s.  It was the home of Col. George Hancock The home was built by slaves and the bricks were fired on site. Hancock is entombed in a triangular vault on site. He is rumored to be in the upright position looking over his slaves. The next owner, Henry Edmundson (June 14, 1814 – December 16, 1890), was an American lawyer, congressman, farmer, slave owner and Confederate officer. He is also buried in a private cemetery on the land.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Montgomery County, Virginia
Montgomery County is a county located in the Valley and Ridge area of the U.S. state of Virginia. As population in the area increased, Montgomery County was formed in 1777 from Fincastle County, which in turn had been taken from Botetourt County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,721. Its county seat is Christiansburg, and Blacksburg is the largest town. Montgomery County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area. It is dominated economically by the presence of Virginia Tech, Virginia's third largest public university, which is the county's largest employer.
Swing Time (album)
Swing Time is a compilation album by American country band Asleep at the Wheel. Released on February 5, 1992, by Sony Music Special Products, it contains select tracks from the group's three albums on Epic Records: 1974's Asleep at the Wheel, 1987's 10 and 1988's Western Standard Time.

Asleep at the Wheel
Asleep at the Wheel is an American Western swing music group that was formed in Paw Paw, West Virginia, in 1970, and is based in Austin, Texas. The band has won nine Grammy Awards, released over 20 albums, appeared in multiple films, toured widely in America and Europe, and charted more than 21 singles on the Billboard country charts. Their highest-charting single, "The Letter That Johnny Walker Read", peaked at number 10 in 1975.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia during the second half of 2021.

Howard Springs, Northern Territory
Howard Springs is a locality in the Northern Territory. It is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) SE of the Darwin CBD in the local government area of Litchfield Municipality. The suburb is mostly a rural area, but has been experiencing strong growth in population and development.
New Hebrides Trench
The New Hebrides Trench (perhaps better termed the South New Hebrides Trench) is an oceanic trench which is over 7.1 km (4.4 mi) deep in the Southern Pacific Ocean. It lies to the northeast of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, to the southwest of Vanuatu (formerly known as the New Hebrides), east of Australia, and south of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The trench was formed as a result of a subduction zone. The Australian plate is being subducted under the New Hebrides plate causing volcanism which produced the Vanuatu archipelago.

The trench was first described in 1962 by the U.S. research vessel "Spencer F. Baird", in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Proa Expedition and was explored in more detail in 2013 by the University of Aberdeen's Oceanlab team. They found cusk-eels, prawns, and other eels, and crustaceans. This is significantly different from other deep sea trenches that have been studied.

New Hebrides
New Hebrides, named after the Hebrides in Scotland by Captain James Cook in 1774, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu.  The New Hebrides Condominium (French: Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides), which followed the governance of the islands under the Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission (1887–1889 and 1890–1906), lasted from 1906 until 1980, when New Hebrides gained its independence as the Republic of Vanuatu.
Saar Tzur
Aluf Saar Tzur (Hebrew: סער צור; born 1973) is a senior officer and major general in the Israel Defense Forces, Commander of the Northern Corps and Head of Maneuver Array since November 2021. Sa’ar Tzur officially becomes commander of the Israel Defense Forces Northern Formation Commander on Nov. 22, 2021.  He previously commanded the 162nd Division, the Sinai Division, head of the planning and organization department in the Israeli Ground Forces and commander of the 401st brigade.

Aluf
Aluf (Hebrew: אלוף, lit. 'champion' or "first/leader of a group" in Biblical Hebrew) is a senior military rank in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral. In addition to the aluf rank, four other ranks' names are derivatives of aluf (for which abbreviations can be used), together constituting the five highest ranks in the IDF.
J. F. Roberts Octagonal Barn
J. F. Roberts Octagonal Barn, also known as the Clark Octagonal Barn, is a historic octagon barn located near Rea, Andrew County, Missouri, United States. It was built about 1900, and is a two-story, octagonal wood-frame structure constructed of interior post and beam framing.  The central section is topped by an eight-sided hipped roof.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Andrew County, Missouri
Andrew County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 18,135. Its county seat is Savannah. The county was organized January 29, 1841, and named for Andrew Jackson Davis, a lawyer and prominent citizen of St. Louis.

Andrew County is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Kansas City, MO–KS Combined statistical area.
Clinical Systems and Networks
A healthcare system is a set of activities with a common set of objectives. For each objective it is necessary to choose one, or more, criteria that can be used to measure progress or the lack of it. The dataset of criteria provides another of the essential elements of a system – the feedback loop.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Expo Center station (Hangzhou Metro)
Expo Center (Chinese: 博览中心) is a metro station of Line 6 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It was opened on 30 December 2020, together with the Line 6. It is located in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, near the Hangzhou International Exhibition Center, which was the venue of 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit.

Line 6 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 6 (Chinese: 杭州地铁6号线) is a subway line of the Hangzhou Metro, in Zhejiang, China. The line runs from Shuangpu (in Xihu District) and West Guihua Road (in Fuyang District), merging at Xiangshan Campus, China Academy of Art station, stretching through the south bank of Qiantang River before turning northwest and ending at Goujulong. It connects Fuyang District with Binjiang District, Hangzhou Olympic Expo Center, Qianjiang Century City and Hangzhou East railway station. The line is 58.75 km (36.51 mi) long.

Phase 1 and Fuyang Section was opened on 30 December 2020. Phase 2 opened on 6 November 2021. The line's color is blue. In future planning, the stations from Shuangpu to Xiaming Street will merge to Line 12.
La Maison Tellier (short story collection)
La Maison Tellier is a collection of short stories by Guy de Maupassant that includes the eponymous story. The book established Maupassant as a prominent French writer following the success of his first short story, "Boule de suif". Five of the eight stories in the collection had already been published in various magazines, like Revue politique et littéraire and  La Vie Moderne, and three were originals.

The introduction includes a dedication that reads: "À Ivan Tourgueniev, hommage d'une affection et d'une grande admiration" (translated as "To Ivan Turgenev, an homage of affection and great admiration". The two writers had met in 1876 through a mutual friend, Gustave Flaubert.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.