hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adarsha Kotwal Rural Municipality
Adarsha Kotwal (Nepali: आदर्श कोतवाल) is a rural municipality in Bara District in Province No. 2 of Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 8 sections (wards) from previous 8 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 36.25 km2 with a total population of 27,552.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Collection of the National Gallery
The National Gallery is the primary British national public art gallery, sited on Trafalgar Square, in central London. It is home to one of the world's greatest collections of Western European paintings.  Founded in 1824, from an initial purchase of 36 paintings by the British Government, its collections have since grown to about 2,300 paintings by roughly 750 artists dating from the mid-13th century to 1900, most of which are on display.  This page lists some of the highlights of the collection.

For the list of all named painters in the collection and their works, see Catalogue of paintings in the National Gallery, London.

Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (/ˌzʊərbəˈrɑːn/ ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.
Strake
On a vessel's hull, a strake is a longitudinal course of planking or plating which runs from the boat's stempost (at the bows) to the sternpost or transom (at the rear). The garboard strakes are the two immediately adjacent to the keel on each side.

The word derives from  traditional wooden boat building methods, used in both carvel and clinker construction. In a metal ship, a strake is a course of plating.

Transom (nautical)
A transom is the aft transverse surface of the hull of some boats and ships forming its stern. Adding both strength and width to the stern, a transom may be flat or curved, and vertical, raked aft (known as an overhung or "counter" stern), or raked forward (and "reversed", also known as retroussé). In small boats and yachts, a flat termination of the stern is typically above the waterline, but large commercial vessels often exhibit vertical transoms that dip slightly beneath the water.

On smaller boats such as dinghies, transoms may be used to support a rudder, outboard motor, or other accessory. On some yachts the transom may include a hinged swim platform, and a lazarette for deck items and leisure toys.
Stephanie McKay
Stephanie McKay is an American soul singer-songwriter from the Bronx, New York. Her music incorporates elements of soul, funk, rock, and hip-hop. With a career spanning over 20 years, McKay has collaborated with a variety of artists, including Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna, Toshi Reagon and Big Lovely, Roy Hargrove, Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, Carl Hancock Rux and Amp Fiddler, among others.. She has released two solo albums, McKay (2003) and Tell It Like It Is (2008), as well as a self-titled EP, Stephanie McKay (2006). Additionally, she has toured internationally as a solo artist and previously played guitar in Kelis' band and recorded with the Brooklyn Funk Essentials.

Talib Kweli
Talib Kweli Greene (/tæˈlɪb kwɑːˈliː/; born October 3, 1975) is an American rapper. He is one half of the hip-hop duo Black Star, which he formed in 1997 with fellow Brooklyn rapper Mos Def. Their 1998 single, "Definition", entered the Billboard Hot 100 and preceded their eponymous debut album (1998), which entered the Billboard 200. The duo then began pursuing solo careers, although one further Black Star album — No Fear of Time (2022) — has been released.

In 2011, Kweli founded his own record label, Javotti Media.
Mikko Koivisto
Mikko Koivisto (born April 18, 1987) is a Finnish basketball player. He currently plays for Salon Vilpas of the Korisliiga and for the Finnish national basketball team. In high school at Holy Cross he won the VISSA (Virginia Independent Schools Althetes Association) division 3 state championship in 05. He started his professional career in 2003–04; later he played collegiate for the UNC Greensboro Spartans for four seasons. In 2010, he returned to professional basketball again.

UNC Greensboro Spartans
The UNC Greensboro (UNCG) Spartans are the athletic teams that represent the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Greensboro, North Carolina. All 17 UNCG sports compete in the Southern Conference (SoCon).
Euzophera fuliginosella
Euzophera fuliginosella is a species of snout moth in the genus Euzophera. It was described by Hermann von Heinemann in 1865. It is found in most of Europe, except Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula.

The wingspan is 15–20 mm.

The larvae feed on Betula species.

Hermann von Heinemann
Hermann von Heinemann (1 March 1812 in Helmstedt – 18 December 1871 in Braunschweig) was a German entomologist who specialised initially in Coleoptera and later in Lepidoptera.

Heinemann was a customs inspector. He wrote Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz (1859–1877) published in Braunschweig. In English the title is "Butterflies of Germany and Switzerland". It was completed by Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke. The second volume on microlepidoptera was especially important.

Heinemann's collection of microlepidoptera is in the Lower Saxony State Museum (Niedersachsisches Landesmuseum) Hannover.
Rasp
A rasp is a coarse form of file used for shaping wood, metal, or other material. Typically a hand tool, it consists of a generally tapered rectangular, round, or half-round sectioned bar of case hardened steel with distinct, individually cut teeth. A narrow, pointed tang is common at one end, to which a handle may be fitted.

Tang (blade)
A tang or shank is the back portion of the blade component of a tool or weapon where it extends into stock material or connects to a handle – as on a knife, sword, spear, arrowhead, chisel, file, coulter, pike, scythe, screwdriver, etc. One can classify various tang designs by their appearance, by the manner in which they attach to a handle, and by their length in relation to the handle.

Nakago is the term in Japanese, used especially when referring to the tang of the katana or the wakizashi.
Adams Grove Presbyterian Church
Adams Grove Presbyterian Church is a historic Greek Revival-style church building in rural Dallas County, Alabama, United States, near the community of Sardis.  Built in 1853, it features a distyle-in-antis type portico with box columns.  No longer actively used by a church congregation, the building is now privately owned.  It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1986.

Distyle in antis
In classical architecture, distyle in antis denotes a temple with the side walls extending to the front of the porch and terminating with two antae, the pediment being supported by two columns or sometimes caryatids. This is the earliest type of temple structure in the ancient Greek world. An example is the Siphnian Treasury in Delphi, built around 525 BCE.

Smaller two-column structures without antae are called distyle. The next evolution in temple design came with amphiprostyle, where four columns stand in line on the porch in front of a naos.

Reconstruction of the Siphnian Treasury

Types of temple plan
Imran Khalid
Imran Khalid (born 29 December 1982) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who played for Faisalabad, and Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited. He has also been part of the Islamabad United team in Pakistan Super League.

Faisalabad cricket team
Faisalabad Cricket Team is a Pakistani first-class cricket team representing Faisalabad, Punjab. The team's home ground is Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. It was refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Camilo José Vergara
Camilo José Vergara (born 1944 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean-born, New York-based writer, photographer and documentarian.

Vergara has been compared to Jacob Riis  for his photographic documentation of American slums and decaying urban environments.  Beginning in the 1980s, Vergara applied the technique of rephotography to a series of American cities, photographing the same buildings and neighborhoods from the exact vantage point at regular intervals over many years to capture changes over time.  Trained as a sociologist with a specialty in urbanism, Vergara turned to his systematic documentation at a moment of urban decay, and he chose locales where that stress seemed highest:  the housing projects of Chicago; the South Bronx of New York City; Camden, New Jersey; and Detroit, Michigan, among others.

National Building Museum
The National Building Museum is a museum of architecture, design, engineering, construction, and urban planning in Northwest Washington, D.C., U.S. It was created by an act of Congress in 1980, and is a private non-profit institution. Located at 401 F Street NW, it is adjacent to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and the Judiciary Square Metro station. The museum hosts various temporary exhibits in galleries around the spacious Great Hall.

The building, completed in 1887, served as the Pension Building, housing the United States Pension Bureau, and hosted several presidential inaugural balls. It is centered around a high-columned interior central courtyard hall often used for various events. It is an important early large-scale example of Renaissance Revival architecture, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.
Jaclyn Stelmaszyk
Jaclyn Halko (born December 16, 1986) is a Polish Canadian world champion rower. She won gold in the lightweight women's quad sculls at the 2012 World Rowing Championships as a competitor for Poland. Halko returned to the Canadian team and is the reigning Pan American Games Champion, winning gold in the lightweight women's double sculls with Kate Haber at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima. In December 2019, Jaclyn was granted an exemption to the three year rule by the Olympic executive board to change nationalities from Canada to Poland. She immediately began training with the Polish Rowing Federation (PZTW) in hopes of qualifying a lightweight double boat for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic games.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Mooren's ulcer
Mooren's ulcer is a rare idiopathic ocular disorder that may lead to blindness due to progressive destruction of the peripheral cornea. Although the etiology of Mooren's ulcer is poorly understood, recent evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of this disease appears to be the result of an autoimmune process directed against molecules expressed in the corneal stroma.

Mooren's ulcer is also defined as a special and the most common type of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK).

Pathogenesis
In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Ancient Greek  πάθος (pathos) 'suffering, disease' and  γένεσις (genesis) 'creation'.
Karpos Papadopoulos
Polykarpos "Karpos" Papadopoulos (Greek: Πολύκαρπος (Κάρπος) Παπαδόπουλος; 1795–1871) was a Greek Colonel, writer and merchant, who served as the Provost marshal of Skiathos during the Greek War of Independence.

Provost marshal
Provost marshal is a title given to a person in charge of a group of Military Police (MP). The title originated with an older term for MPs, provosts, from the Old French prévost (Modern French prévôt). While a provost marshal is now usually a senior commissioned officer, they may be a person of any rank who commands any number of MPs; historically, the title was sometimes applied to civilian officials, especially under conditions of martial law, or when a military force had day-to-day responsibility for some or all aspects of civilian law enforcement (such as some British colonies). A provost marshal may also oversee security services, imprisonment, fire/emergency services and ambulances.
Jean Koumba
Jean Serge Davard Koumba (born 15 April 1983) is a basketball player from the Republic of the Congo. He competed with the Republic of the Congo national basketball team at the 2009 African Championship, where he scored 19.5 points per game and grabbed 7.5 rebounds, leading Congo in both fields.

AfroBasket 2009
AfroBasket 2009 was the 25th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body, and the African zone thereof. At stake were the three berths allocated to Africa in the 2010 FIBA World Championship.  The tournament was hosted by Libya after Nigeria, the original host, withdrew from hosting after not conforming to FIBA Africa guidelines.

Angola won its sixth consecutive African championship and tenth overall by beating Côte d'Ivoire 82-72 in the championship game. Tunisia won the bronze medal game over Cameroon to earn its first-ever FIBA World Championship berth.  Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, and Tunisia move on to represent Africa at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey.  Angola's Joaquim Gomes claimed the tournament's Most Valuable Player award for the second consecutive Afrobasket tournament.
Practical idealism
Practical idealism is a term first used by John Dewey in 1917 and subsequently adopted by Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhi Marg 2002). It describes a philosophy that holds it to be an ethical imperative to implement ideals of virtue or good. It further holds it to be equally immoral to either refuse to make the compromises necessary to realize high ideals, or to discard ideals in the name of expediency. Practical idealism in its broadest sense may be compared to utilitarianism in its emphasis on outcomes, and to political economy and enlightened self-interest in its emphasis on the alignment of what is right with what is possible.

Enlightened self-interest
Enlightened self-interest is a philosophy in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others (or the interests of the group or groups to which they belong) ultimately serve their own self-interest.

It has often been simply expressed by the belief that an individual, group, or even a commercial entity will "do well by doing good".

The term enlightened self-interest has been criticized as a mere ideological or semantic device of neoclassical economic theory to justify this type of behavior. It has been considered at best a variant of self-interest that is unsuitable for the establishment of personal and public relations because - like the definition of self-interest in the standard rational-choice model - it fails to characterise human behaviour ethically, psychologically, and cognitively.
Diocese of Prato
The Diocese of Prato (Latin: Dioecesis Pratensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany, Italy, that has existed as an independent entity since 1954. Its see is Prato Cathedral, some 10 miles (17 km) northwest of Florence, on the Bisenzio River. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Florence.

Bisenzio (river)
The Bisenzio (Italian pronunciation: [biˈzɛntsjo]), archaically also Bisenzo, is a 49-kilometer-long river in the municipality of Cantagallo. It flows into the Arno river in Signa (Florence). It flows through the city of Prato and the Santa Lucia weir and the hydroelectric dam in Madonna della Tosse.
Sasnovy Bor, Gomel region
Sasnovy Bor (Belarusian: Сасновы Бор; Russian: Сосновый Бор, romanized: Sosnovy Bor) is an urban-type settlement (a work settlement) in Svyetlahorsk District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2025, it has a population of 1,802.

Gomel region
Gomel region, also known as Gomel oblast or Homyel voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel. The total area of the region is 40,400 square kilometres (15,600 sq mi). As of 2024, it had a population of 1,338,617.

Its largest settlements include Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svyetlahorsk, Rechytsa, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow and Dobrush.

Both Gomel region and Mogilev region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places, and parts of it have been designated as mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination.
The Miser's Heart
The Miser's Heart is a 1911 American short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith for the Biograph Company. It stars Ynez Seabury as a child who befriends a miser and a thief. The film was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century. A print of the film survives.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Executive Secretary for Integral Development
The Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI) is one of seven Secretariats that operate under the direction of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. The department's stated mission is to support and facilitate the development of Democracy, multilateral security, and human rights in the 35 member states of the OAS. SEDI operates in six main issue areas, and has a corresponding office for each issue.  These include:  Education and Culture; Trade and Tourism; Sustainable Development; Social Development and Employment; Science and Technology; and Human Development.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
Non-Euclidean geometry
In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative, or consideration of quadratic forms other than the definite quadratic forms associated with metric geometry. In the former case, one obtains hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry, the traditional non-Euclidean geometries. When isotropic quadratic forms are admitted, then there are affine planes associated with the planar algebras, which give rise to kinematic geometries that have also been called non-Euclidean geometry.

Definite quadratic form
In mathematics, a definite quadratic form is a quadratic form over some real vector space V that has the same sign (always positive or always negative) for every non-zero vector of V. According to that sign, the quadratic form is called positive-definite or negative-definite.

A semidefinite (or semi-definite) quadratic form is defined in much the same way, except that "always positive" and "always negative" are replaced by "never negative" and "never positive", respectively. In other words, it may take on zero values for some non-zero vectors of V.

An indefinite quadratic form takes on both positive and negative values and is called an isotropic quadratic form.

More generally, these definitions apply to any vector space over an ordered field.
Frederick Balcombe
Frederick James Balcombe, JP {17 December 1911 - 1 July 2000} was Lord Mayor of Manchester, England, 1974–5, the first Lord Mayor of the Metropolitan District of Manchester.

He was born in Forest Gate, the son of Sid Balcombe.  His father owned a firm of loss adjusters, and he went to Manchester in 1928 to run an office of the firm there. During World War II, he served as an officer in the RAF in North Africa. He was a city councillor representing the Labour Party from 1958 to 1982.

A strong campaigner for the rights of Soviet Jews, he boycotted a concert in 1971 given by the Leningrad Symphony Orchestra.  However, as Lord Mayor he visited Leningrad to speak to officials there about their treatment of Jews.

Forest Gate
Forest Gate is a sub-district of West Ham in the London Borough of Newham, East London, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Charing Cross.

The area's name relates to its position adjacent to Wanstead Flats, the southernmost part of Epping Forest. The town was historically part of the parish (and later borough) of West Ham in the hundred of Becontree in Essex. Since 1965, Forest Gate has been part of the London Borough of Newham, a local government district of Greater London. The town forms the majority of the London E7 postcode district.

Neighbouring areas include Leytonstone to the north, East Ham to the east, Plaistow to the south and Stratford to the west.
Robu
Robu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doina Robu (born 1967), Romanian rower

Ioan Robu (born 1944), Romanian Catholic prelate

Mihai Robu (1884–1944), Romanian cleric

Nicolae Robu (born 1955), Romanian politician

Valentin Robu (born 1967), Romanian rower

Doina Robu
Doina Robu (née Ciucanu; born 22 July 1967) is a retired Romanian rower who won a silver medal at the 1992 Olympics. She also won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal at the world championships between 1986 and 1993. She is married to the Olympic rower Valentin Robu. She competed at the 1990 World Rowing Championships under her married name.