hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Vietnam floods
In 2018, Vietnam faced a series of devastating floods. Starting in June, floods impacted northern regions, claiming 23 lives and causing significant damage to homes and agricultural lands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh in July exacerbated the situation, resulting in further casualties and widespread destruction of crops and infrastructure. Subsequent floods in August and September continued the cycle of destruction, with landslides and overflowing rivers adding to the toll of lives lost and properties damaged. The year culminated in November and December with Tropical Storm Toraji and Typhoon Usagi, which brought more flooding and destruction to various parts of the country, including central provinces.

Lai Châu province
Lai Châu (Vietnamese pronunciation: [lāi cʌ̄w] ⓘ) is a mountainous province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. Lai Châu was a semi-independent White Tai confederation known as Sip Song Chau Tai, was absorbed by France into French Indochina in the 1880s and became part of Vietnam following Vietnamese independence in 1954. It became part of the Northwest Autonomous Area of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, when Lai Châu province was formed. Điện Biên province was carved out of Lai Châu in 2004. The province covers an area of about 9,069 km2 (3,501 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 482,100 people.
Chevalley–Iwahori–Nagata theorem
In mathematics, the Chevalley–Iwahori–Nagata theorem states that if a linear algebraic group G is acting linearly on a finite-dimensional vector space V, then the map from V/G to the spectrum of the ring of invariant polynomials is an isomorphism if this ring is finitely generated and all orbits of G on V are closed (Dieudonné & Carrell 1970, p.53, 1971, p.55). It is named after Claude Chevalley, Nagayoshi Iwahori, and Masayoshi Nagata.

Spectrum of a ring
In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a commutative ring  is the set of all prime ideals of , and is usually denoted by ; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with a sheaf of rings.
2022 República Dominicana Open – Doubles
Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Ruben Gonzales and Reese Stalder won the title after defeating Nicolás Barrientos and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela 7–6(7–5), 6–3 in the final.

Reese Stalder
Reese Stalder (born 12 November 1996) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 60, achieved on 4 December 2023. He also reached a best singles ranking of No. 956 in June 2021.
Stalder plays mostly on ATP Challenger Tour where he won 15 doubles titles.
Google Catalogs
Google Catalogs was a shopping application for tablet computers, which was produced by Google in August 2011. Google Catalogs delivered virtual catalogs to users from merchants like Nordstrom, L.L. Bean, Macy's, Pottery Barn, and many more.  Merchants were added through a process by which they submitted a form with information and a sample of their catalog, which was then reviewed by Google's editorial team. The application was noted as a "Greener Way to Shop", as the digitization of catalogs substituted for paper versions.

Google announced the intent to discontinue the iPad app effective August 2013 and eventually shut down the project entirely in August 2015, almost half a year after it was announced to shut down.

Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).
2005 Women's Pan-Am Junior Championship
The 2005 Women's Junior Pan-Am Championship was the 5th edition of the Women's Pan American Junior Championship. It was held from 16 – 27 March 2005 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2005 Junior World Cup, held in Santiago, Chile in September 2005.

Argentina won the tournament for the 5th time, defeating the United States 3–1 in the final. Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Canada 2–1 in the third and fourth place playoff.

United States women's national field hockey team
The United States women's national field hockey team represents the United States in international field hockey. The team is currently coached by David Passmore. It made its first international appearance in 1920 when a touring team visited England, coached by Constance M.K. Applebee. The team made several international appearances in the early 20th century, leading to the United States hosting the 8th International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations Tournament in 1963. Once the IFWHA merged with its counterpart on the men's side, the United States' first appearance at an FIH-sanctioned tournament was the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the Americans ended up in sixth place. They have won bronze at the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics and bronze at the 1994 World Cup.
ACropalypse
aCropalypse (CVE-2023-21036) was a vulnerability in Markup, a screenshot editing tool introduced in Google Pixel phones with the release of Android Pie. The vulnerability, discovered in 2023 by security researchers Simon Aarons and David Buchanan, allows an attacker to view an uncropped and unaltered version of a screenshot. Following aCropalypse's discovery, a similar zero-day vulnerability was also discovered, affecting Snip & Sketch for Windows 10 and Snipping Tool for Windows 11.

Cropping (image)
Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous visual data from the picture, improve its framing, change the aspect ratio, or accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. Depending on the application, this can be performed on a physical photograph, artwork, or film footage, or it can be achieved digitally by using image editing software. The process of cropping is common to the photographic, film processing, broadcasting, graphic design, and printing businesses.
Muriceopsis
Muriceopsis is a genus of gorgonian-type, branching colonial octocorals in the family Plexauridae. They are found on shallow water reefs and are capable of developing sweeper tentacles. The growth of these corals is rapid and they can be kept in a reef aquarium.

Reef aquarium
A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in maintaining the tropical coral reef environment. A reef aquarium requires appropriately intense lighting, turbulent water movement, and more stable water chemistry than fish-only marine aquaria, and careful consideration is given to which reef animals are appropriate and compatible with each other.
Auguste Couder
Louis-Charles-Auguste Couder, or Auguste Couder (1 April 1789 – 21 July 1873), was a French painter and student of Jean-Baptiste Regnault and Jacques-Louis David. He joined the Académie des beaux-arts in 1839 and was an officer of the Légion d'honneur. He married Cornélie Stouf, daughter of the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Stouf.

Couder was buried in the cemetery of Père-Lachaise.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
Tony Revell
Surgeon Vice-Admiral Anthony Leslie Revell CB CStJ QHS FRCA FRSM (26 April 1935 – 30 December 2018) was a British Royal Navy medical officer and Surgeon General of the British Armed Forces from 1994 to 1997.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.
Ashland University
Ashland University is a private university in Ashland, Ohio, United States. The university consists of a 135-acre (55 ha) main campus and several off-campus centers throughout central and northern Ohio. Ashland was founded in 1878 as Ashland College.  It is affiliated with The Brethren Church.

In addition to a graduate school, the university consists of four colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the Schar College of Education, the Dauch College of Business and Economics, and the Schar College of Nursing and Health Sciences and offers over 60 college majors. Ashland Theological Seminary, a division of Ashland University, offers a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degree as well as master's degrees. Ashland is classified as a master's university with most graduate research being in a professional field.

Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation
The Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) is a professional accreditor focused on accrediting teacher education programs in U.S. colleges and universities. It was founded in 2013 as a result of the merger of two predecessor organizations, the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC) and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).

According to its Mission Statement, "CAEP advances equity and excellence in educator preparation through evidence-based accreditation that assures quality and supports continuous improvement to strengthen P-12 student learning."
James Hedley
James Hedley (born 1 September 2003) is a British racing driver who last competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for Van Amersfoort Racing, having previously raced for AIX Racing.

Hedley previously competed in the 2024 GB3 Championship with VRD by Arden. He is part of the BRDC Rising Star Programme.

Velocity Racing Development
Velocity Racing Development, also competing as VRD Racing in select championships, is an auto racing team from the United States. The team competes in the USF Pro Championships in the United States and the GB3 Championship in Europe, previously in collaboration with Arden Motorsport. The team is based in Dawsonville, Georgia near Atlanta Motorsports Park and was founded by British engineer Dan Mitchell.
Russia at the Deaflympics
Russia participated at the Deaflympics after making its debut in 1993, until it was banned in 2022. Russia is just behind United States for winning the most medals in Deaflympics history. In the 2017 Summer Deaflympics held in Turkey, Russia was the medal topper with a record haul of 199 medals. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) banned athletes from Russia from that year's Deaflympics in Caxias do Sul, Brazil.

Russia has also been competing at the Winter Deaflympics from 1995.

Comité International des Sports des Sourds
The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf  is the apex body organizing international sports events for the deaf, particularly the Deaflympics (previously called World Games for the Deaf).  It is also called the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS). The organization was founded in Paris by Eugène Rubens-Alcais, who organized the first "International Silent Games" in 1924.  Alcais was himself deaf and was the president of the French Deaf Sports Federation.

CISS, now also called ICSD, is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Queen of the Universe season 1
The first season of Queen of the Universe is premiered on December 2, 2021, through streaming service Paramount+.

The winner of the first season of Queen of the Universe was Grag Queen from Brazil, with Ada Vox from the United States finishing as the runner-up.

Grag Queen
Grégory Crescencio da Silva Mohd, better known by their stage name Grag Queen, is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, drag queen and actor. Grag Queen is most known for winning the first season of Queen of the Universe. In July 2023, she was announced as the host of Drag Race Brasil.
Simuay River
The Simuay River is a river in the Philippines with its source at Lanao del Sur in the Piapayungan range, and its mouth at is at Illana Bay through the Mindanao River.

7°16′N 124°14′E﻿ / ﻿7.267°N 124.233°E﻿ / 7.267; 124.233

Mount Ragang
Mount Ragang, also called Mount Piagayungan and Blue Mountain by the local people, is an active stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. With an elevation of 2,815 metres (9,236 ft), it is the seventh highest mountain in the Philippines and the highest point in the Lanao del Sur province.
Pope Benedict V
Pope Benedict V (Latin: Benedictus V; died 4 July 965) was the pope and ruler of the Papal States from 22 May to 23 June 964, in opposition to Leo VIII. He was overthrown by Emperor Otto I. His brief pontificate occurred at the end of a period known as the Saeculum obscurum.

Saeculum obscurum
Saeculum obscurum (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsɛː.ku.lu.m obsˈkuː.rum], "the dark age/century"), also known as the Rule of the Harlots or the Pornocracy, was a period in the history of the papacy during the first two thirds of the 10th century, following the chaos after the death of Pope Formosus in 896, and the seven legitimate popes and one illegitimate antipope elected between 896 and 964. It began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for 60 years until the death of Pope John XII in 964. During this period, the popes were influenced strongly by a powerful and allegedly corrupt aristocratic family, the Theophylacti, and their relatives and allies. The era is seen as one of the lowest points of the history of the papal office.
Bryan Egan
Bryan Colden Egan (27 November 1915 – 25 July 1970) was an Australian international rugby union player.

Born in Warren, New South Wales, Egan was the younger brother of Wallabies and Waratahs centre Ben Egan. He attended The King's School in Parramatta and played his club rugby for Eastern Suburbs.

Egan earned state representative honours in 1936 and was one of the Wallabies centres chosen for that year's tour of New Zealand, where he featured in three uncapped matches, scoring a try on debut against Wairarapa-Bush.

A grazier by profession, Egan farmed in Mount Harris near Warren and served in New Guinea during World War II. His son Jack was King's School captain in 1959 and became a well known cricket historian.

Warren, New South Wales
Warren is a town in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located off the Mitchell Highway, 120 kilometres north west of Dubbo, and is the seat of the Warren Shire local government area. At the 2021 census, Warren had a population of 1,365.
Warren is included in the Central West Slopes and Plains division of the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts.
Democracy in Senegal
The Democracy in Senegal was touted as one of the more stable democracies in Africa, with a long tradition of peaceful democratic discourse. Democratization proceeded gradually from 1970s to 1990s.

Events surrounding the 2019 election have given rise to growing concerns. Opposition leaders have been arrested on what some see as trumped-up charges and subsequent demonstrations have been met with lethal force. The 2024 Senegalese presidential election was postponed by a decree of the outgoing President Macky Sall on 3 February. In a sign of resilience of democracy in Senegal the Senegalese Constitutional Council ordered the presidential election to be held as soon as possible and was held accordingly on 24 March 2024. The result of this election was confirmed both by the second placed presidential candidate Amadou Ba and the Senegal's Supreme Court.

As of 2024, Senegal was the 10th most electoral democratic country in Africa according to V-Dem Democracy indices.

Amadou Ba
Amadou Ba (born 17 May 1961) is a Senegalese politician who served as Prime Minister of Senegal from 17 September 2022 to 6 March 2024. He also served as the Foreign Minister of Senegal from 2019 to 2020. He was Minister of Finance and Economy from 2013–2019. Ba lost in the 2024 Senegalese presidential election against PASTEF tax inspector Bassirou Diomaye Faye. Faye replaced him with the leader of PASTEF, Ousmane Sonko.

Ba was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Mountain Diatreme
The Mountain Diatreme is a diatreme in the Northwest Territories, Canada, located 190 km (118 mi) southwest of Norman Wells. It has a diameter of 600 m (1,969 ft) and is one of the nearly 100 diatremes in the central Mackenzie Mountains.

Diatreme
A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater (known as a maar) is left, and a rock-filled fracture (the actual diatreme) in the crust.  Where diatremes breach the surface they produce a steep, inverted cone shape.
Attentional control
Attentional control, commonly referred to as concentration, refers to an individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore. It is also known as endogenous attention or executive attention. In lay terms, attentional control can be described as an individual's ability to concentrate. Primarily mediated by the frontal areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, attentional control and attentional shifting are thought to be closely related to other executive functions such as working memory.

Anterior cingulate cortex
In human brains, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a "collar" surrounding the frontal part of the corpus callosum. It consists of Brodmann areas 24, 32, and 33.

It is involved in certain higher-level functions, such as attention allocation, reward anticipation, decision-making, impulse control (e.g. performance monitoring and error detection), and emotion.
Heartland (Runrig album)
Heartland is the fourth album by Celtic rock band Runrig. It was released in 1985, and was their first output in which English songs exceeded the number of Gaelic ones.

It was the band's final album to feature keyboardist Richard Cherns, who would be replaced by Pete Wishart for the following album.

Celtic rock
Celtic rock is a genre of folk rock, as well as a form of Celtic fusion which incorporates Celtic music, instrumentation and themes into a rock music context. It has been prolific since the early 1970s and can be seen as a key foundation of the development of successful mainstream Celtic bands and popular musical performers, as well as creating important derivatives through further fusions. It has played a major role in the maintenance and definition of regional and national identities and in fostering a pan-Celtic culture. It has also helped to communicate those cultures to external audiences.
Eliseev
Eliseev (Russian: Елисе́ев) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Grigory Eliseev (1821–1891), Russian journalist, editor, and publisher

Matvey Eliseev (born 1993), Russian biathlete

Vitali Eliseev (born 1950), Russian rower

Vitaliy Eliseyev
Vitali Mikhaylovich Eliseev (Russian: Виталий Михайлович Елисеев, born 26 February 1950) is a retired Russian rower who had his best achievements in the coxless fours, together with Valeriy Dolinin, Aleksandr Kulagin and Aleksey Kamkin. In this event they won a world title in 1981 and silver medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1982 World Rowing Championships. Previously, Eliseev and Kulagin also won a world title in the coxless pairs in 1977.
Lazy Lamhe
"Lazy Lamhe"  (transl. Lazy Moments) is a seduction song written by Prasoon Joshi and composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy for the film Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic. Picturised on Saif Ali Khan, Ameesha Patel and Rani Mukerji, the song features vocals by Anusha Mani.

The scene in which the song was featured was when Saif, Rani and her children arrive at a pool party hosted by Ameesha Patel, who starts singing and dancing with Saif while Rani and the children ruin her birthday party attempting to terminate the affair between Saif and Ameesha. The lobsters, seagulls and the bugs were all animated by CGI. The music video was shot in 8 days.

Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy
Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (pronunciationⓘ) is an Indian musical trio consisting of Shankar Mahadevan, Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa. They have composed music for over 50 soundtracks across five languages: Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Marathi and English.  Amongst the most critically acclaimed Indian musicians, the trio have won numerous awards, including National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards, and IIFA Awards.

They are often referred to as the Amar Akbar Anthony (AAA) of the Hindi film music industry. They are known for their compositions in Dil Chahta Hai (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), My Name Is Khan (2010), Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) and Dil Dhadakne Do (2015).
Ilhami Çiçek
Ilhami Çiçek (1954 in Oltu / Erzurum – June 14, 1983 in Erzincan) was a Turkish poet. He completed his primary and elementary education in Oltu. He graduated from Atatürk University, Faculty of Literature. His articles on folk literature were published in the local newspapers of Erzurum while he was a student at university. Afterwards, he worked for the review Edebiyat, which was directed by Nuri Pakdil, as a regular poet. His poem Otel Odası (The Hotel Room) came first at a poetry competition held by the review Adımlar.

Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.
Panjaa (soundtrack)
Panjaa is the soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name directed by Vishnuvardhan starring Pawan Kalyan, Sarah-Jane Dias, Anjali Lavania, Jackie Shroff, Adivi Sesh and Atul Kulkarni. The soundtrack features six songs composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja with lyrics written by Chandrabose and Ramajogayya Sastry. The soundtrack was released by Aditya Music on 18 November 2011.

Sarah-Jane Dias
Sarah-Jane Dias is an Indian actress, TV host, video jockey, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Femina Miss India World in 2007 and represented India at Miss World 2007. She was also a video jockey for Channel V.