hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Estancia (Ginastera)
Estancia (Op. 8) is the second ballet composed by Argentinian composer Alberto Ginastera premiered in 1952 commissioned by American writer Lincoln Kirstein. Ginastera took inspiration for the ballet's plot from the epic Martin Fierro by Argentine writer José Hernández, incorporating the nationalist themes and language into his musical score. The ballet was created the same year the composer had made his acquaintance with American composer Aaron Copland. The ballet began its life as a four-part orchestral suite in 1941 before being turned in a one-act ballet.

The ballet form is approximately one-half hour in length and tells the story of the love between a boy living in the city and the daughter of a rancher. The girl finds the boy lacking in courage when compared to the gauchos. However, by the end of the ballet, he wins her over by outdancing the gauchos in a competition.

José Hernández (writer)
José Hernández (born José Rafael Hernández y Pueyrredón; 10 November 1834 in Chacras del Perdriel – 21 October 1886 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine journalist, poet, and politician best known as the author of the epic poem Martín Fierro. In his tribute, his birthday is celebrated in Argentina as a national holiday, called Tradition Day.
Moses Machali
Moses Joseph Machali (born 9 August 1981) is a Tanzanian NCCR–Mageuzi politician and Member of Parliament for Kasulu Town constituency since 2010 to 2015.

In July 2015, he defected from the NCCR-Mageuzi party to the Alliance for Change and Transparency.

Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor by their original side.
Riches (TV series)
Riches is a British drama television series created by Abby Ajayi, starring Deborah Ayorinde, Hugh Quarshie, and Sarah Niles. It premiered on 22 December 2022 in the United Kingdom on ITVX, and on Amazon Prime Video in the United States on 2 December 2022.

In December 2023, the series was canceled after one season.

Brendan Coyle
Brendan Coyle (born 2 December 1962) is a British-Irish actor. He won the Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role for The Weir in 1999. He also played Nicholas Higgins in the miniseries North & South, Robert Timmins in the first three series of Lark Rise to Candleford, and more recently Mr Bates, the valet, in Downton Abbey, which earned him a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actor.
Arthur Derounian
Arthur Derounian (born Avedis Boghos Derounian (Armenian: Աւետիս Պօղոս Տէրունեան), April 9, 1909 – April 23, 1991), also known as John Roy Carlson among many pen names, was an Armenian-American journalist and author, the best-selling author of Under Cover.

Derounian wrote for the Armenian Mirror-Spectator, Fortune Magazine, the Council Against Intolerance and the Friends of Democracy.  In the 1950s he founded and managed the Armenian Information Service.

Derounian is also notable for editing the manifesto of Armenia's first Prime Minister, Hovhannes Kajaznuni.

The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
The Armenian Mirror-Spectator is a weekly newspaper published by the Baikar Association in Watertown, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1931 as The Armenian Mirror, later merging with another Armenian-American newspaper, The Spectator, in 1939. It is the official English-language organ of the Armenian Democratic Liberal (Ramgavar) Party in the United States.
Samuel F. Swope
Samuel Franklin Swope (March 1, 1809 – April 19, 1865) was a 19th-century politician and lawyer from Kentucky.

Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, Swope attended the rural schools in Bourbon and Scott Counties and Georgetown College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar on March 1, 1830, commencing practice in Georgetown, Kentucky. He moved to Falmouth, Kentucky in 1832 and continued practicing law. He was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1837 to 1839 and again in 1841 and served in the Kentucky Senate from 1844 to 1848. Swope was elected an American "Know Nothing" to the United States House of Representatives in 1854, serving from 1855 to 1857. He resumed practicing law in Falmouth, Kentucky until his death on April 19, 1865. He was interred there in Riverside Cemetery.

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Leaning Temple of Huma
The Leaning Temple of Huma in India is one of only a very few leaning temples in the world. It is located in Huma, a village situated on the bank of the Mahanadi, 23 km (14 mi) south of Sambalpur in the Indian state of Odisha. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Lord Bimaleshwar.

It is unknown if this structure is leaning by design or for another reason. Although the edifice leans, the pinnacle of the temple is perpendicular to the ground.

Mahanadi
The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India. It drains an area of around 132,100 square kilometres (51,000 sq mi) and has a total length of 900 kilometres (560 mi). Mahanadi is also known for the Hirakud Dam which was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's independence in 1947. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha, before finally ending in the Bay of Bengal.
Tarkio Limestone
The Tarkio Limestone, is a Late-Carboniferous member of the Zeandale Formation in Kansas, extending into Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri. The unit was named for outcrops in the Tarkio Valley in northwestern Missouri, however, R.C. Moore designated a typical exposure of this unit on Mill Creek, southwest of Maple Hill, Kansas. Owing to its unusual coloration, an early name for this rock was chocolate limestone. This rock can be recognized by its coloration and abundant fusulinids, Triticites ventricosus, protruding from the surfaces, giving a "raspy" texture.

The Tarkio Limestone forms bold bluffs along Deep Creek in southeastern Riley County, Kansas and can be easily accessed there at Pillsbury Crossing, about 30 miles (48 km) west of Maple Hill.

Riley County, Kansas
Riley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and largest city is Manhattan.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 71,959.  The county was named after Bennet Riley, the 7th governor of California, and a Mexican–American War hero.  Riley County is home to Fort Riley and Kansas State University.
Geology of the Norwegian Sea
The geology of the Norwegian Sea began to form 60 million years ago in the early Cenozoic, as rifting led to the eruption of mafic oceanic crust, separating Scandinavia and Greenland. Together with the North Sea the Norwegian Sea has become highly researched since the 1960s with the discovery of oil and natural gas in thick offshore sediments on top of the Norwegian continental shelf.

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Uncial 0222
Uncial 0222 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 6th century. It contains a small parts of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (9:5-7,10,12-13), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 12 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 20 lines per page.

The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 6th century.

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953.

The codex currently is housed at the Austrian National Library, in Vienna, with the shelf number Pap. G. 29299.

First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.
Harold Wyndham
Sir Harold Wyndham CBE (27 June 1903 – 22 April 1988) was Director-General of Education in New South Wales between 1952 and 1968. He chaired the committee whose report (referred to as "The Wyndham Report") led to the Education Act 1961 which completely re-organised secondary education in NSW.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal
Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal is a New Zealand musician, academic, and Māori music revivalist. He is of Ngāti Whanaunga, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Tamaterā, and Ngā Puhi descent.

He received a Bachelor of Music from Victoria University of Wellington in 1989, followed by a Master of Philosophy in Māori studies from Massey University. He was director of graduate studies and research at Te Wānanga o-Raukawa and professor of indigenous development at University of Auckland.

Royal compiled and edited work by Māori Marsden into The Woven Universe: Selected Writings of Rev. Maori Marsden that was published in 2003 by the Royal Society Te Apārangi and Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga.

In 2013, he was appointed to the MBIE Science Board.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Villalobos Brothers
The Villalobos Brothers are a Mexican trio of violinists, singer-songwriters, composers, and multi- instrumentalists. They have performed at the Latin Grammy Awards, Carnegie Hall, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the 60th Anniversary of the United Nations, the Rainbow Room at Rockefeller Center, the New York Mets field at Shea Stadium, and other historic venues.

The Villalobos Brothers have accompanied and collaborated with many international artists, including Morley, Paloma San Basilio, Paddy Moloney and The Chieftains, Eddie Palmieri, Graciela, Dolly Parton, León Gieco, Leni Stern, César Camargo Mariano, Lila Downs, Richie Ray & Bobby Cruz, Pierre Boulez, Alberto Vázquez, Johnny Ventura, Dan Zanes and Rafael Escalona. Their first solo album, Villa-Lobos, was released in 2009.

Merkin Hall
Merkin Hall is a 449-seat concert hall in Manhattan, New York City.  The hall, named in honor of Hermann and Ursula Merkin, is part of the Kaufman Music Center, a complex that includes the Lucy Moses School, a community arts school, and the Special Music School (P.S. 859), a New York City public school for musically gifted children.  Merkin Hall hosts 70,000 concertgoers a year.
Hymenophyllum axsmithii
Hymenophyllum axsmithii is an extinct species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae related to the modern hayscented ferns. The species is known from fossil fronds found in early Eocene sites of northern Washington state, United States, and central British Columbia, Canada.  The species is included in Hymenophyllum subgenus Sphaerocionium, with a suggestion to be closest to a group of tropical species in the subgenus that are all specialized as sheltered epiphytes.

Paleothermometer
A paleothermometer is a methodology that provides an estimate of the ambient temperature at the time of formation of a natural material. Most paleothermometers are based on empirically calibrated proxy relationships, such as trace element ratios in biominerals and proxies from organic molecules.
Kozukappara execution grounds
The Kozukappara execution grounds (小塚原刑場, Kozukappara keijō) were one of the three sites in the vicinity of Edo (the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, Japan) where the Tokugawa shogunate executed criminals in the Edo period. Alternate romanized spellings are Kozukahara and Kotsukappara.

The site is located in modern Minami Senju, Arakawa, Tokyo, a three-minute walk away from Minami-Senju Station. Located next to Enmeiji Temple, a large part of the grounds are now covered by railway tracks.

It is estimated that between 100,000 and 200,000 people were executed here. Those executed include Hashimoto Sanai and Yoshida Shōin, who were executed as a result of the Ansei Purge.

Sugita Genpaku, Nakagawa Jun'an, Katsuragawa Hoshū and their colleagues studied anatomy by conducting dissections at Kozukappara.

Kozukappara began operation in 1651, and continued until the Meiji period. Executions were stopped in an attempt to convince Western powers to end the unequal treaties with Japan.

Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States (日米修好通商条約, Nichibei Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku), also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate, which opened the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the USS Powhatan in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858.
1963 eruption of Irazú Volcano
The 1963 eruption of Irazú Volcano in the Cordillera Volcánica Central was one of the most powerful eruptions in Costa Rica, especially for his destructive lahar. Signs of reactivation began in 1961 in the form of microseisms; previously, several specialists warned that the Irazú Volcano could explode at any time.

Microseism
In seismology, a microseism is defined as a faint earth tremor caused by natural phenomena. Sometimes referred to as a "hum", it should not be confused with the anomalous acoustic phenomenon of the same name. The term is most commonly used to refer to the dominant background seismic and electromagnetic noise signals on Earth, which are caused by water waves in the oceans and lakes.  Characteristics of microseism are discussed by Bhatt. Because the ocean wave oscillations are statistically homogeneous over several hours, the microseism signal is a long-continuing oscillation of the ground. The most energetic seismic waves that make up the microseismic field are Rayleigh waves, but Love waves can make up a significant fraction of the wave field, and body waves are also easily detected with arrays. Because the conversion from the ocean waves to the seismic waves is very weak, the amplitude of ground motions associated to microseisms does not generally exceed 10 micrometers.
South Central Illinois
South Central Illinois is a region in the southern part of Illinois; its approximate boundaries are US 50 in the south, and Illinois Highway 16 in the north. With fertile soil throughout the region, agriculture is a chief industry here. Some of the largest communities in south-central Illinois are Alton, Collinsville, Edwardsville, and Effingham. There is also a South Central Conference (Illinois) of the Illinois High School Association, which includes the schools of Carlinville, East Alton-Wood River, Gillespie, Marquette (Alton), Roxana, Southwestern (Piasa), Greenville, Hillsboro, Litchfield, Pana, Staunton, and Vandalia.

Roxana, Illinois
Roxana is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,454 at the 2020 census.

A majority of the land in Roxana is taken up by the Wood River Refinery, an oil refinery operated by Phillips 66. The refinery was originally built and owned by Shell Oil. As of 2016, the refinery is capable of refining 314,000 barrels (49,900 m3) of oil per day to produce gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, asphalt, propane, and other products, and supplies part of the St. Louis, Chicago, Indiana, and Ohio regions.

Roxana is considered to be part of the River Bend portion of the St. Louis Metro East area.
Bryan Sellers
Bryan Sellers (born August 19, 1982 in Dayton, Ohio) is an American racing driver. Sellers won the title in the U.S. F2000 in 2002 and later competed in the Atlantic Championship and in racing sports cars.

Lime Rock Park
Lime Rock Park is a natural-terrain motorsport road racing venue located in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States, a hamlet in the town of Salisbury, in the state's northwest corner. Built in 1956, it is the nation's third oldest continuously operating road racing venue, behind Road America (1955) and Willow Springs International Motorsports Park (1953). The track was owned by Skip Barber from 1984 to April 2021, a former race car driver who started the Skip Barber Racing School in 1975. Now, it is owned by Lime Rock Group, LLC. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
Andrija Lompar
Andrija Lompar (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Андрија Ломпар; born 26 November 1956 in Cetinje, SR Montenegro, Yugoslavia) is a Montenegrin politician and the former Minister of Maritime Affairs, Transportation and Telecommunications in the Government of Montenegro. He is also a member of the Social Democratic Party of Montenegro.

Montenegrin alphabet
The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to "Abeceda" (Montenegrin Latin alphabet; Абецеда in Cyrillic) and "Азбука" (Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; Azbuka in Latin), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language. It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the two alphabets, and words are usually spelled so that they work in both.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro, the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script exclusively; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.
1961 NCAA skiing championships
The 1961 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Middlebury College Snow Bowl in Hancock, Vermont at the eighth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Denver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, captured their fifth national championship, the first since 1957, edging out host Middlebury in the team standings. This was the start of Denver's seven straight titles from 1961 through 1967.

Middlebury Panthers
The Middlebury Panthers are the 31 varsity teams of Middlebury College that compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference. The Panthers lead the NESCAC in total number of national championships, having won 42 team titles since the conference lifted its ban on NCAA play in 1993. Middlebury enjoys national success in soccer, cross country running, field hockey, men's basketball, women's hockey, skiing, men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse, and fields 31 varsity NCAA teams and several competitive club teams including a sailing team (MCSC), a crew team, a water polo team, an ultimate frisbee team, and a rugby team. Since 2000, Middlebury's varsity squads have won 84 NESCAC titles. Currently, 28% of students participate in varsity sports.

In the early 20th century, the Panthers' traditional athletic rivals included the University of Vermont and Norwich University.  Today, rivalries vary by sport but typically include Williams College, Hamilton College and Amherst College.
Loftur Sæmundsson
Loftur Sæmundsson (died 1163; Modern Icelandic: [ˈlɔftʏr ˈsaiːˌmʏn(t)sˌsɔːn]; Old Norse: Loptr Sæmundsson [ˈloptz̠ ˈsɛːˌmundsˌson]) was a chieftain of Oddi at Rangárvellir in the south part of Iceland. He was a member of the Oddaverjar family clan  and was the son of Sæmundur fróði who had established a school at Oddi.  He was married to Þóra Magnúsdóttir, daughter of king Magnus III of Norway. Loftur was the father of Jón Loftsson  who adopted Snorri Sturluson.

Oddaverjar
The Oddaverjar (Old Norse: [ˈodːɑˌwerjɑz̠]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈɔtːaˌvɛrjar̥]) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They were based in Oddi at Rangárvellir in South Iceland. Their ascendancy was during the second half of the 12th century, but their power subsequently waned. They play only a minor role in the Icelandic civil war during the Age of the Sturlungs. Only after the signing of the Gamli sáttmáli ("Old Covenant") did they oppose the influence of Gissur Þorvaldsson, Earl of Iceland.

The Oddverjar traced their roots to the first Icelandic settlers. The first known Oddaverji was Sæmundur Sigfússon fróði ("Sæmundur The Knowledgeable"), an early 12th century scholar.