hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fretting
Fretting refers to wear and sometimes corrosion damage of loaded surfaces in contact while they encounter small oscillatory movements tangential to the surface. Fretting is caused by adhesion of contact surface asperities, which are subsequently broken again by the small movement.   This breaking causes wear debris to be formed.

If the debris and/or surface subsequently undergo chemical reaction, i.e., mainly oxidation, the mechanism is termed fretting corrosion. Fretting degrades the surface, leading to increased surface roughness and micropits, which reduces the fatigue strength of the components. 
The amplitude of the relative sliding motion is often in the order of micrometers to millimeters, but can be as low as 3 nanometers.

Typically fretting is encountered in shrink fits, bearing seats, bolted parts, splines, and dovetail connections.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
Four Holy Marshals
The Four Holy Marshals (Vier Marschälle Gottes or just Vier Marschälle) are four saints venerated in the Rhineland, especially at Köln, Lüttich, Aachen, and the Eifel.   They are conceived as standing particularly close to throne of God, and thus powerful intercessors.  Their joint veneration is comparable to that of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, who are also venerated in the Rhineland.

They are considered “marshals of God” and were invoked against diseases and epidemics during the Middle Ages.

Evidence of this devotion is testified by documentation dating from 1478; however, the joint devotion of these four saints may have existed earlier.   The devotion reached its high point in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and diminished by the seventeenth.  There were churches dedicated to them at Hüngersdorf, Schleiden, and in the Mariwald.

Schleiden
Schleiden (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlaɪdn̩] ⓘ) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies in the Eifel hills, in the district of Euskirchen, and has 12,998 inhabitants as of 30 June 2017. Schleiden is connected by a tourist railway to Kall, on the Eifel Railway between Cologne and Trier. The town consists of 18 settlements, the largest of which are Gemünd and Schleiden proper.
Aaron Neighbour
Aaron Neighbour (born 2 December 1977) is a retired Australian discus thrower and shot putter.

He finished sixth in the shot put at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and eleventh in the discus throw at the 2006 Commonwealth Games where he threw 49.61m.

Neighbour became Australian discus champion in 2001. His personal best discus throw was 64.26 metres, achieved in May 2008 in Salinas, California. His personal best shot put was 18.95 metres, achieved in July 1998 in Melbourne.

Neighbour won the 2009 World Highland Games Championships held in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Neighbour's sister Gabrielle has won three senior national titles in Hammer Throw, and represented Australia three times in that event at the Commonwealth Games.

World Highland Games Championships
The World Highland Games Championships is an annual Highland Games championships organised by David Webster, OBE of Scotland. It is regarded the pinnacle of modern day Highland Games.

A roll of past competitors includes world's greatest strength athletes with former World's Strongest Man winners, Olympians, Commonwealth Games medal winners, Guinness World Records holders, physique champions, and continental & national titleholders in various sports.

The World Highland Games Championships consist of traditional events and are in this sense differentiated from many of the other international strength athletic competitions, including Highlander World Championships.
Hearts of Gold
Hearts of Gold was a BBC television programme devised and presented by Esther Rantzen, with Michael Groth, Mike Smith and Carol Smillie as co-presenters. Running for six years in the 1980s and 1990s, the programme commended members of the public for their good deeds.

Rantzen devised the show in 1988. The premise of the show was to commend those who had done good deeds to others. They would usually be tricked into appearing on the show using a practical joke, a device which some critics (such as The Independent's Geraldine Bedell) compared to Beadle's About. Journalist Bedell explains that participants "are inviegled into the studio under false pretences and presented with gold hearts on blue ribbons while they wonder where to put themselves. (There is also a sub-Beadle segment in which Esther and chums dress up as folk in distress and wait for passers-by to come to their aid)."  
For some of its life, the show was filmed at The Fountain Studios in Wembley.

Geraldine Bedell
Geraldine Bedell is a British novelist and writer for The Observer.

She drew wide public attention when she claimed she had been disinvited from a planned appearance at the first International Festival of Literature in Dubai, because her novel The Gulf Between Us featured a homosexual sheikh. Writer Margaret Atwood cancelled her scheduled appearance but later retracted when she found out that Bedell had never been invited to the Festival nor had her book been banned. Atwood subsequently made two virtual appearances at the Festival and appeared in person at the 2011 Festival.
MetroMini
The MetroMini minibus system was a major part of the public transport system of Jakarta. There were reportedly over 3,000 buses in the MetroMini fleet in mid-2012. The buses are similar to the parallel Kopaja system which also provides transport services, on different routes, across Jakarta. The distinctive MetroMini buses are orange and blue with a white stripe running along the length of the bus. Buses provide seating for around 20-30 people with, often, an equal number crammed into limited standing room so the buses are often overcrowded. But at 2015 Jakarta Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama stopped all of MetroMini's bus operations because of a MetroMini vs KRL Commuter Line crash. If MetroMini wants to operate again, it has to join Transjakarta like the Kopaja as a feeder bus. Many routes are/will replaced/replaced by Minitrans and Metrotrans buses.

Pasar Minggu
Pasar Minggu is a district (Indonesian: kecamatan) in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its traditional Sunday market, famous for the fruit market. Historically, Pasar Minggu is a fruit cultivation area developed by the Dutch government during the colonial period. The central point of the cultivation area is the traditional market of Pasar Minggu, located in what is now the lower-division Pasar Minggu subdistrict. Teak forest could also be found in the Pasar Minggu district, notably around the Jati Padang (Javanese for "bright teak") subdistrict. Most of these areas have been converted into residential areas as Jakarta grows southward.

The boundary of Pasar Minggu is Kemang Selatan Road - Warung Jati Timur Road - Kalibata Timur Road to the north, Ciliwung River to the east, and Krukut River to the west.

The southern portion of Jakarta Outer Ring Road passed through Pasar Minggu district.
Metamatic
Metamatic is the debut solo studio album by John Foxx, released on 18 January 1980. It was his first solo project following his split with Ultravox the previous year. A departure from the mix of synthesizers and conventional rock instrumentation on that band's work, Metamatic was purely electronic in sound. The name 'Metamatic' comes from a painting machine by kinetic artist Jean Tinguely, first exhibited at the Paris Biennial in 1959. The album peaked at #18 on the UK Albums Chart.

Roland CR-78
The Roland CompuRhythm CR-78 is a drum machine manufactured by Roland Corporation that was released in 1978. Although primitive by later standards, the CR-78 represented an important advance in drum machine technology at the time, in particular by allowing users to program and store their own drum patterns.

The wood effect cabinet and preset rhythms of the CR-78 such as Waltz, Bossa Nova and Rhumba suggest that it was seen by its designers as primarily an accompaniment for an electric organ, but the CR-78 became a popular instrument with new wave musicians in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Mark Szücs
Mark Szücs (born November 4, 1976, in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian-born Austrian former professional ice hockey left winger.

Szücs spent four seasons in Union College before moving to Austria in 1999 with VEU Feldkirch. In 2000 he moved to EHC Black Wings Linz where he remained until his retirement in 2010, playing over 400 games for the team. He has worked as an assistant coach for Linz since retiring as a player.

He became an Austrian citizen and played for the Austria national team in the 2002, 2003 and 2004 IIHF World Championship.

Austria men's national ice hockey team
The Austrian men's national hockey team is the national ice hockey team for Austria. The team is controlled by Österreichischer Eishockeyverband. As of 2022 the Austrian team is ranked 18th in the IIHF World Rankings. Austria has not won a medal in a major tournament since 1947. Austria currently has 8,799 registered players (0.1% of the total population).
Gevorg Sahakyan
Gevorg Sahakyan (born 15 January 1990) is a Polish Greco-Roman wrestler of Armenian origin. He is a two-time bronze medalist at the World Wrestling Championships and a silver medalist at the European Wrestling Championships.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
The Charm the Fury
The Charm The Fury was a Dutch metal band from Amsterdam, formed in 2010.

In 2013 The Charm The Fury released their first album, A Shade of My Former Self, throughout Listenable Records, after independently releasing the EP The Social Meltdown, back in 2012. In 2014, the band played at FortaRock Festival in Nijmegen and in 2015 at Graspop Metal Meeting in Belgium. In 2017, the band released their second album, The Sick, Dumb & Happy, though Nuclear Blast.

On 20 November 2018 the band announced they were breaking up due to line-up changes and financial reasons.

Graspop Metal Meeting
Graspop Metal Meeting is a Belgian heavy metal festival held in Dessel each year since 1996, excluding 2020 and 2021 due to covid restrictions. Despite the small size of the festival grounds (upholding a perimeter of only ~4 km) the festival draws a large number of spectators from around the world, many sources overestimate the total number of attendees each year. For 2024, GMM had a capacity of 45,000 weekend tickets plus an additional 10,000 day tickets over the 4 days making a total attendance of 95,000 individual visitors.

A total of 220,000 visitors in 2022 and 2023, up from 200,000 visitors over the course of the 2019 edition, and 152,000 in 2015.
Nagarahavu (2016 film)
Nagarahavu (transl. Cobra) is a 2016 Indian Kannada language epic fantasy film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna, the final film directed by him before his death in 2019, and produced by Sajid Qureshi, Inbox Pictures Pvt Ltd.

With Ramya in the lead role, a digitally recreated CGI version of deceased actor Vishnuvardhan has played the main role, with the film being marketed as his "comeback". Actors Diganth, Saikumar, Rajesh Vivek, and Sadhu Kokila play supporting roles.

The music was composed by Gurukiran with cinematography by H. C. Venugopal and editing by Jhony Harsha. The film has been dubbed and released in Tamil as Shivanagam, Telugu as Nagabharanam, and Hindi as Nagavanshi. The film released on 14 October 2016.

The film was a festive season to fans for having come back of legendary actor Vishnuvardhan through CGI effect.

Sadhu Kokila
Sahaya Sheelan Shadrach (born 24 March 1966), known by his stage name Sadhu Kokila, is an Indian comedian, musician, actor, film director, producer, occasional screenwriter and lyricist who works in Kannada cinema. He began his career as a composer before taking to acting in films, appearing mostly in comic roles. He has directed ten Kannada films, the most notable one being Raktha Kanneeru (2003).

As a composer, he is a two-time recipient of the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director, for Rakshasa (2005) and Inthi Ninna Preethiya (2008). As an actor, he has received multiple nominations and awards in the category of Best Comedian in the SIIMA Awards.
Louis Favre (painter)
Louis Favre (15 September 1892 – 17 April 1956) was a French painter, print maker, writer and inventor who spent most of his life in France and the Netherlands.

He is known internationally for his labor-intensive technique. His works achieved great popularity, particularly in the Netherlands.

Groninger Museum
The Groninger Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːnɪŋər myˈzeːjʏm]) is an art museum in the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. The museum exhibits modern and contemporary art of local, national, and international artists.

The museum opened in 1874. The current post-modernist building consists of three main pavilions designed individually by architects Philippe Starck, Alessandro Mendini, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and was completed in 1994.

In 2024, there were just under 166,000 visitors to the museum. The current director is Roos Gortzak.
Chris Bono
Christopher Mark Bono (born February 13, 1974) is an American former freestyle and folkstyle wrestler. He was a three-time U.S. World team member in freestyle wrestling and an NCAA wrestling champion at Iowa State. Bono would later become a collegiate wrestling head coach, where he is the current head wrestling coach at Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Badgers
The Wisconsin Badgers are the athletic teams representing the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level), primarily competing in the Big Ten Conference since the 1896–97 season. The women's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), while the men's crew team competes in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC).

The athletic director is Chris McIntosh, former professional football player and lineman for the Wisconsin Badger football team. The Badgers team colors are cardinal and white, and the team mascot is named "Buckingham U. Badger," known as "Bucky Badger." The Badgers have several major on-campus facilities, including Camp Randall Stadium, the UW Field House, and the Kohl Center.
Israelite Seminary of France
The Israelite Seminary of France (French: Le séminaire israélite de France (SIF)) also known as the Central Rabbinical School of France (L'école centrale rabbinique de France), is a Rabbinical school that trains Orthodox rabbis in France. Founded in Metz in 1829 as the Central Rabbinical School of Metz, it moved to Paris in 1859, where it is based in the city's 5th arrondissement. The school is connected with the Israelite Central Consistory of France, one of the major bodies of Orthodox Judaism in France.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Throwback Throwdown
Throwback Throwdown is a professional wrestling Impact Plus event, produced by American professional wrestling promotion Impact Wrestling. The event was created in 2019 and since its inception, the event features wrestlers portraying 1980s characters and gimmicks in the fictional Impact Provincial Wrestling Federation (IPWF). Each event features talent from Impact competing in various professional wrestling match types. Due to the nature of the event, the storylines for Throwback Throwdown have been self-contained and independent from the rest of Impact's programming.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Badarkhali Union
Badarkhali (Bengali: বদরখালী) is a village in southeastern Bangladesh and a Union Parishad. Built on the banks of the Moheshkhali Channel, and has a population of over 45,000. It is located 120 km south of Chittagong and in Cox's Bazar District. The modern Badarkhali derives its name from Badar Shah. In 1340 Badar Shah and the twelve Awlias, along with the Sufi general Syed Nasiruddin defeated King Achak Narayan of Taraf and established Muslim rule there.

Syed Nasiruddin
Syed Shah Nasiruddin (Bengali: শাহ সৈয়দ নাসিরুদ্দীন, Arabic: شاه سيد ناصر الدين) was a Sufi saint and military leader associated with the spread of Islam in Bengal in the 14th century. As the commander of the armed forces (Sipah Salar) of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah, Syed Nasiruddin is primarily known for his role in the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303, alongside the celebrated Sufi dervish Shah Jalal.
Harry Whiteside
Harry Bayne Whiteside (4 July 1909 – 18 May 1984) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Pasqua, Saskatchewan and became a farmer by career.

Whiteside was educated in Sceptre, Saskatchewan and at Regina. From 1943 to 1945, he was a trustee for Sceptre School District #3678. After this until 1947, he was reeve of rural municipality Clinworth No. 230, Saskatchewan.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Swift Current riding in the 1949 general election. After completing his only federal term, the 21st Canadian Parliament, Whiteside did not seek another federal term in the 1953 election.

He died in Delta, British Columbia in 1984.

21st Canadian Parliament
The 21st Canadian Parliament was in session from September 15, 1949, until June 13, 1953.  The membership was set by the 1949 federal election on June 27, 1949, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1953 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by George Drew.

The Speaker was William Ross Macdonald.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1947-1952 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.
Problem structuring methods
Problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change. PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to facilitate negotiations about, what needs to change. Some widely adopted PSMs include

soft systems methodology

the strategic choice approach

strategic options development and analysis (SODA)

Unlike some problem solving methods that assume that all the relevant issues and constraints and goals that constitute the problem are defined in advance or are uncontroversial, PSMs assume that there is no single uncontested representation of what constitutes the problem.

PSMs are mostly used with groups of people, but PSMs have also influenced the coaching and counseling of individuals.

State of affairs (sociology)
The state of affairs is the combination of circumstances applying within a society or group at a particular time. The current state of affairs may be considered acceptable by many observers, but not necessarily by all. The state of affairs may present a challenge, or be complicated, or contain a conflict of interest. The status quo represents the existing state of affairs. Unresolved difficulties or disagreements concerning the state of affairs can provoke a crisis. Dispute resolution is naturally desired, and naturally provided, by forms of inclusive social interaction, such as consensus decision-making, which adapt, but not conveniently,  from a family or tribal model to encompass a global scope.
Current knowledge and discussion about the state of affairs is communicated through the media.
1922 Hong Kong sanitary board election
The 1922 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election was supposed to be held on 28 September 1919 for one of the two unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.

Only ratepayers who were included in the Special and Common Jury Lists of the years or ratepayers who are exempted from serving on Juries on account of their professional avocations, unofficial members of the Executive or Legislative Council, or categories of profession were entitled to vote at the election.

Dr. F. M. G. Ozorio sought for third term without being uncontested.

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady
Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady and its sequel, Incident at Victoria Falls (1992), are a pair of TV films made in 1991 under the banner Sherlock Holmes the Golden Years. Harry Alan Towers was executive producer and Bob Shayne was the writer on both.

Harry Alan Towers
Harry Alan Towers (19 October 1920 – 31 July 2009) was a British radio and independent film producer and screenwriter. He wrote numerous screenplays for the films he produced, often under the pseudonym Peter Welbeck. He produced over 80 feature films and continued to write and produce well into his eighties. Towers was married to the actress Maria Rohm, who appeared in many of his films.