hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature (German: Differenz der demokritischen und epikureischen Naturphilosophie) is a work completed in 1841 by German philosopher Karl Marx as his doctoral dissertation at the University of Jena. The thesis is a comparative study on atomism of Democritus and Epicurus on contingency and dedicated to Marx's friend, mentor, and future father-in-law, Ludwig von Westphalen. Francis Wheen describes it as "a daring and original piece of work in which Marx set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom of philosophy".

Democritus
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.

None of Democritus' original work has survived, except through second-hand references. Many of these references come from Aristotle, who viewed him as an important rival in the field of natural philosophy. He was known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.
Sabaria
Sabaria was a semi-autonomous territory in Iberia, between the Kingdom of the Suebi and the Visigothic kingdom, in the 4th-6th centuries that extended from Benavente to Salamanca and from Sayago to Simancas.

Sabaria was autonomous enough to mint its own currency, although this coinage is sometimes confused with the Visigothic mint of Senimure-Semure in the current city of Zamora.

Simancas
Simancas is a town and municipality of central Spain, located in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is situated approximately  10 km southwest of the provincial capital Valladolid, on the road to Zamora and the right bank of the river Pisuerga.

Simancas originated as the Roman Septimanca.
Jody Tini
Jody Hinemoa Cameron (born 10 February 1976 in Whangarei, New Zealand) is a basketball player for New Zealand. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games she won a silver medal as part of the Tall Ferns New Zealand women's basketball team.

She comes from a basketball family as she is the sister of Tall Black captain Pero Cameron, and the daughter of Mata Cameron, a national age group coach.

New Zealand men's national basketball team
The New Zealand men's national basketball team (Māori: Te kapa poitūkohu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in international basketball competitions. The team is governed by Basketball New Zealand. The team's official nickname is the Tall Blacks (Māori: Pango Tāroaroa).

Over their history, New Zealand have won three FIBA Oceania Championships, made seven appearances at the FIBA World Cup and two at the Olympic Games. Since 2017, the team has made three appearances at the FIBA Asia Cup, with their best effort resulting in a bronze medal finish in 2022.
2008–09 Premier Reserve League
The 2008–09 Premier Reserve League (officially known as the 2008–09 Barclays Premier Reserve League for sponsorship reasons) is the tenth season since the establishment of the Premier Reserve League. The season began on 1 September 2008, and ended with the play-off final on 21 May 2009.

The events in the senior leagues during the 2007–08 season saw Birmingham City, Derby County and Reading all relegated and replaced by the promoted teams Hull City, Stoke City, and West Bromwich Albion.

Sunderland won Premier Reserve League North title after beating Manchester City 3–0 on 14 April 2009. Aston Villa sealed the Premier Reserve League South title for a second successive season with a 2–0 win over West Bromwich Albion on 27 April.

On 21 May, Aston Villa were crowned the 2008–09 Premier Reserve League Champions after a 3–1 win against Sunderland in the Play-off Final at Villa Park. It is Aston Villa Reserves' first national title.

Hull City A.F.C. Academy
Hull City A.F.C. Academy refers to the youth setup of Hull City Association Football Club. This includes the club's Under-21 and Under-18 sides. The academy achieved Category Two status in 2015.

As of the 2024–25 season, the Under-21s compete in the U21 Professional Development League North Division. They also compete in the U21 Premier League Cup and the East Riding Senior Cup. Meanwhile, the Under-18s compete in the U18 Professional Development League North Division. They also compete in the FA Youth Cup and the Under-18 Professional Development League Cup.
Hrib, Šmarješke Toplice
Hrib (pronounced [ˈxɾiːp]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šmarješke Toplice in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Krka River east of Bela Cerkev in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Šmarješke Toplice
The Municipality of Šmarješke Toplice (pronounced [ʃmaˈɾjeːʃkɛ tɔˈpliːtsɛ]) is a municipality in the traditional region of Lower Carniola in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Šmarješke Toplice. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
2018 Carlson Hockey Games
The 2018 Carlson Hockey Games was played between 19 and 22 April 2018. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. Five of the games were played in Pardubice, Czech Republic, and one game in Yaroslavl, Russia. The tournament was won by the Czech Republic. The tournament was part of the 2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour.

Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.
Vibhu Bakhru
Vibhu Bakhru (born on 2 November 1966) is an Indian jurist, currently serving as the Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court. Previously, he has also served as a judge of the Delhi High Court. He had also served as Acting Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. On 26 May 2025 the Supreme Court collegium recommended his appointment as chief justice of the Karnataka High Court.

Delhi High Court
The High Court of Delhi is the high court in Delhi, India. It was established on 31 October 1966, through the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. Below it are 11 Subordinate Courts that oversee smaller judicial districts. The court gets its powers from Chapter V in Part VI of the Constitution of India.
Vedeneyev M14P
The Vedeneyev M14P is a Russian nine-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled, petrol-powered radial engine.  Producing 360 hp (268 kW), its design dates from the 1940s (Kotelnikov 2005), and is itself a development of the Ivchenko AI-14 engine.  The engine has been used extensively by the Yakovlev and Sukhoi Design Bureaus. The M14P is also used in some experimental aircraft and kit designs such as the Murphy Moose, Radial Rocket, Pitts Model 12, and others.

The M14PF is a 400 hp (298 kW) version of the M14P.

Sukhoi
The JSC Sukhoi Company (Russian: АО «Компания „Сухой“», Russian pronunciation: [sʊˈxoj]) is a Russian aircraft manufacturer headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, that designs both civilian and military aircraft.

Sukhoi was founded in the Soviet Union by Pavel Sukhoi in 1939 as the Sukhoi Design Bureau (OKB-51, design office prefix Su), and survived the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In February 2006, the Russian government merged Sukhoi with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Tupolev, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation.
2009 MercedesCup – Doubles
Christopher Kas and Philipp Kohlschreiber were the defending champions, but Kohlschreiber chose not to compete that year.Kas partnered with Mischa Zverev, but lost in the first round to František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák.

Christopher Kas
Christopher Kas (born 13 June 1980) is a retired German tennis player.

Kas has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 224, which he achieved in November 2002. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 17, achieved in February 2012.

Kas reached 20 double finals on the ATP Tour posting a record of 5 wins and 15 losses with an array of partners.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished in fourth place in mixed doubles alongside Sabine Lisicki. In January 2015, Sabine appointed him to her coaching team.

In 2022, Kas coaches German tennis player Jule Niemeier. Together they reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon.
He is currently coaching Kateryna Baindl.
Humble Duty
Humble Duty (1967–1975) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career lasting from May 1969 until September 1970, the filly ran eleven times and won eight races. As a two-year-old she was rated the best of her age and sex in Britain after winning the Lowther Stakes at York and the Cheveley Park Stakes at Newmarket. In the following season she won five races, all over one mile, including the 1000 Guineas at Newmarket, the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood. She was retired to stud at the end of that season, but had little chance to make an impact as a broodmare, dying in 1975 at the age of eight.

Queen Elizabeth II Stakes
The Queen Elizabeth II Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place as part of British Champions Day each year in October.
Shkotovsky District
Shkotovsky District (Russian: Шко́товский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 2,664.5 square kilometers (1,028.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Smolyaninovo. Population:  24,511 (2010 Census); 25,809 (2002 Census); 111,460 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Smolyaninovo accounts for 27.4% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai
The Primorye region in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation is divided into 22 raions and 12 urban districts . A total of 28 urban and 117 rural communities are subordinate to the raions (as of 2010).
USS McKean (DD-90)
USS McKean (DD-90/APD-5) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first ship named in honor of William Wister McKean.

McKean was laid down by Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California on 12 February 1918. The ship was launched on 4 July 1918, sponsored by Miss Helen La Monte Ely. The ship was commissioned at San Francisco on 25 February 1919.

Ship sponsor
A ship sponsor, by tradition, is a female civilian who is invited to "sponsor" a vessel, presumably to bestow good luck and divine protection over the seagoing vessel and all that sail aboard. In the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard, the sponsor is technically considered a permanent member of the ship's crew and is expected to give a part of her personality to the ship, as well as advocate for its continued service and well-being. For passenger ships the sponsor is called a godmother if the sponsor is female, or a godfather if the sponsor is male.
Mystical Horizons
Mystical Horizons is an astronomical-themed site located near Carbury, North Dakota on North Dakota Highway 43 near the North Dakota and Manitoba border. The attraction contains a working solar calendar built from granite pillars, intended to represent a 21st-century Stonehenge, and other instruments intended to explain astronomical phenomena and principles.

Solar calendar
A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicates the season or almost equivalently the apparent position of the Sun relative to the stars. The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar. The main other types of calendar are lunar calendar and lunisolar calendar, whose months correspond to cycles of Moon phases. The months of the Gregorian calendar do not correspond to cycles of the Moon phase.

The Egyptians appear to have been the first to develop a solar calendar, using as a fixed point the annual sunrise reappearance of the Dog Star—Sirius, or Sothis—in the eastern sky, which coincided with the annual flooding of the Nile River. They constructed a calendar of 365 days, consisting of 12 months of 30 days each, with 5 days added at the year’s end. The Egyptians’ failure to account for the extra fraction of a day, however, caused their calendar to drift gradually into error.
Thomas Lake
Sir Thomas Lake PC (1567 – 17 September 1630) was Secretary of State to James I of England. He was a Member of Parliament between 1593 and 1626.

Thomas Lake was baptised in Southampton on 11 October 1567, the son of Almeric Lake, a minor customs official: his obscure birth was a source of much unkind comment by his enemies throughout his life. Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells, was his older brother.

He attended King Edward VI School, Southampton as a day boy. This meant that he did not have the level of French language tuition accorded to boarders by his Belgian schoolmaster Adrian Saravia, which was a source of regret to him in later life. He did, however, gain excellent fluency in Latin.

King Edward VI School, Southampton
King Edward VI School (also known as King Edward's, or KES) is a selective co-educational private day school founded in Southampton, England, in 1553. The Senior and Sixth Form site is on Hill Lane, Southampton whilst the Preparatory School is located in Romsey.

The school was founded at the request of William Capon, who bequeathed money in his will for a grammar school for the poor. King Edward VI signed the necessary Royal Charter in 1553 and the school opened in 1554. King Edward's became an independent school in 1978 and accepted girls into the sixth form in 1983. It became a fully co-educational school in 1994. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and is a registered charity. The school roll is approximately 950 pupils.

The current building was designed by the English architect Ernest Berry Webber in the early 1930s.
36th federal electoral district of the Federal District
The 36th federal electoral district of the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 36 del Distrito Federal) is a defunct federal electoral district of Mexico. Occupying a portion of what is today Mexico City, it was in existence from 1978 to 1996.

During that time, it returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system, electing its first in the 1979 mid-terms and its last in the 1994 general election. Votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.

The 31st to 40th districts were abolished by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) in its 1996 redistricting process because the capital's population no longer warranted that number of seats in Congress.

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
2025 Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2025 Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2004. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 10 December 2024. The championship ran from 31 July to 19 October 2025.

The final was played on 19 October 2025 at SuperValu Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Ballinhassig and Ballincollig, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Ballinhassig won the match by 2-22 to 1-19 to claim their a record third championship title overall and a first championship title in 13 years.

Ballinhassig's Ger Collins was the championship's top scorer with 4-38.

Cork Senior A Hurling Championship
The Cork Senior A Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Co-Op Superstores Cork Senior A Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Cork SAHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Cork County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 2020 for the lower-ranking senior hurling teams in the county of Cork in Ireland. It is the second tier overall in the entire Cork hurling championship system.

In its current format, the Cork Senior A Championship begins in early autumn. The 12 participating club teams are drawn into three groups of four teams and play each other in a round-robin system. The three group winners and the three runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. The winning team is presented with the Jim Forbes Cup.

Bride Rovers are the reigning champions, having beaten Castlelyons by 2-15 to 2-14 in the 2024 final.
Shopping list
A shopping list is a list of items that an individual intends to purchase. Consumers often prepare grocery lists for purchases on their next store visit. There are surviving examples of Roman and Bible-era shopping lists.

The shopping list may take the form of a simple scrap of paper or a more elaborate format. Magnetic notepads are commonly used to maintain shopping lists within the household, often affixed to refrigerators or other metal surfaces. but any magnetic clip with scraps of paper can be used to achieve the same result. Additionally, certain shopping carts are equipped with small clipboards designed to hold written shopping lists during use.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
Harapanahalli
Harapanahalli is a small city, taluk and sub-divisional headquarter in Vijayanagara District in the Indian state of Karnataka.

In 1947, the 30th Kannada Sahithya Sammelana was organised in Harapanahalli under the presidency of C.K.Venkataramaiah.

Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
The Kannada Sahitya Sammelana (lit. 'Kannada Literature Conference') is the premier gathering of writers, poets and Kannadigas. It is held with the aim of preserving and developing the Kannada language, its literature, art, culture and music. It was started in 1915 by H. V. Nanjundaiah and held at Bangalore. It used to be inaugurated by prominent writers and poets from 1915 to 1948. Since then it has been inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Karnataka. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat is responsible for holding the gathering.
Airborne gun
Airborne guns are airborne artillery pieces, designed for use by paratroopers. They are generally specific or specialised types of infantry support guns, being in the traditional sense capable of being broken down into smaller loads for transport by aircraft and soldiers, thus also suitable as mountain guns.  The historical concept of the "airborne guns" is to some degree outdated, their role being filled by mortars, wire-guided missiles, and/or light anti-tank weapons. As it has been many decades since two industrialized great powers engaged directly in warfare, the concept of the "airborne gun" allowing paratroopers to maintain an airhead against an armored force is in that sense non-functional, but currently, all three of the U.S. Army's howitzers (for example), are air-mobile.

Airhead
An airhead is a designated area in a hostile or threatened territory which, when seized and held, allows the air landing of further teams and materiel via an airbridge, and provides the maneuver and preparation space necessary for projected operations. Normally, it is the area seized in the assault phase of an airborne operation. It may also be used as a staging or refueling point for less permanent operations.

Typically, an airhead is established by helicopter-landed or paratrooper forces, and often will take place at an airport (to allow conventional transport to land later on) or at a helicopter or glider-accessible area.

Notable airhead operations include Battle of Crete and Operation Market Garden during World War II, and Operation Just Cause in Panama in 1989. Operation Castor was intended to establish an offensive airhead, but quickly degenerated into the Siege of Dien Bien Phu. Another recent example includes the Battle of Hostomel Airport.
Kabuye
Kabuye is a Ugandan surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kabuye Frank Kibirige (born 1997), Ugandan politician, farmer, humanitarian and businessman

Christine H. Sophie Kabuye (born 1938), Ugandan ethnobotanist

Rose Kabuye (born 1961), Lieutenant Colonel in the Rwandan Army

Calvin Kabuye (born 2003), Ugandan footballer

Phares Kashemeza Kabuye (died 2009), Tanzanian Member of Parliament

Calvin Kabuye
Hope Calvin Ddamulira Kabuye (born 28 March 2003) is a professional football player who plays as a winger for Varbergs BoIS, on loan from Mjällby AIF. Born in Sweden, he plays for the Uganda national football team.
South Carolina Superintendent of Education
The South Carolina superintendent of education is the executive of the South Carolina Department of Education. The superintendent is responsible for overseeing the 1.5 billion dollar budget of the department and ensuring that schools and schools districts are abiding by federal and state laws as well as the requirements established by the department. The superintendent is elected at-large and serves a term of four years. The position has no term limits. The current superintendent of education is Ellen Weaver, a Republican, who was elected in 2022 upon the retirement of Molly Spearman.

Governor of South Carolina
The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly "State of the State" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.

The 117th and current governor of South Carolina is Henry McMaster, who is serving his second elected term. He assumed the office on January 24, 2017, after Nikki Haley resigned to become the United States ambassador to the United Nations. He won election to full terms in 2018 and 2022. McMaster is also the state’s longest serving governor.