hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, April 16, 1893, with a magnitude of 1.0556. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days before perigee (on April 17, 1893, at 21:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day countries of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, southern Algeria, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of South America, Africa, and Southern Europe.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Mount Terrible (Victoria)
Mount Terrible (Taungurung: Warrambat) is a  mountain within the Great Dividing Range, located to the south-west of Kevington in Victoria, Australia. The mountain is located within the 100 hectares (250 acres) Mount Terrible Natural Features and Scenic Reserve.

Kevington, Victoria
Kevington is a town in Victoria, Australia, located south of Jamieson on the Mansfield - Woods Point Road, in the Shire of Mansfield. The Goulburn River runs through Kevington.

The town began as a small settlement in 1862 when J. S. Garrett opened a beer house on the road between Jamieson and Gaffneys Creek. When gold was discovered at the nearby Lucks All and Star Of The West mines, the settlement grew to include stores, butchers, and private residences. The town was surveyed and named Kevington. Eventually the town died, and the nearby town of Mack's Creek took on the name Kevington. The Post Office  at Mack's Creek opened on 1 November 1865 and was renamed Kevington on 1 October 1884 (closing in 1974).

The Kevington Hotel (popularly known as the Kevington Hilton or the Kevy Pub) currently stands on the site of Garrett's original beer house. The Kevington Hotel was refurbished between 2007 and 2017.
Ivonne Coll
Ivonne Coll Mendoza (born June 18, 1947) is a Puerto Rican actress and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Puerto Rico 1967 and competed in the Miss Universe 1967 pageant but did not place. She later became an actress, appearing in films such as The Godfather Part II and Lean on Me and television series including Switched at Birth, Glee, and Teen Wolf. From 2014 to 2019, Coll starred as Alba Villanueva in the CW comedy-drama series Jane the Virgin.

University of Puerto Rico
The University of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Universidad de Puerto Rico; often shortened to UPR) is the main public university system in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It is a government-owned corporation with 11 campuses and approximately 44,200 students and approximately 4,450 faculty members. UPR has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in the commonwealth, with 472 academic programs of which 32 lead to a doctorate.
Nistad
Nistad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aline Nistad (1954–2017), Norwegian trombonist and music educator

Astrid Marie Nistad (born 1938), Norwegian politician

Clara Nistad (born 1996), Swedish badminton player

Einar Nistad (1932–2011), Norwegian retailer

Thore A. Nistad (born 1949), Norwegian politician

Wenche Nistad (born 1952), Norwegian businessperson and civil servant

Wenche Nistad
Wenche Karin Nistad (born 1952) is a Norwegian businessperson and civil servant.

She hails from Sande i Sunnfjord. She took her siv.øk. degree at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1976, and worked in Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri from 1976 to 1984. She was the director of Bergen Bank from 1984, and in Den norske Bank after the 1990 merger. From 1994 to 2003 she was the CEO of Luxo. She then went on to Hadeland Glassverk, but resigned in 2004 after a tenure of only thirteen months. Dagens Næringsliv speculated that there was a conflict with owner Atle Brynestad. On 1 June 2005 Nistad assumed office as director of the Norwegian Guarantee Institute for Export Credits.
Stara Gora, Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici
Stara Gora (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈɡɔːɾa]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on a small hill just south of the Ščavnica Valley. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

The village church is dedicated to the Holy Spirit and belongs to the Parish of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. It was built between  1674 and 1697.

Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici
The Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici (pronounced [ˈsʋeːti ˈjuːɾii̯ ɔp ˈʃtʃaːu̯nitsi]; Slovene: Občina Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici became a municipality in 1994.
SPARK (rocket)
SPARK, or Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai, also known as Super Strypi, is an American expendable launch system developed by the University of Hawaii, Sandia and Aerojet Rocketdyne. Designed to place miniaturized satellites into low Earth and Sun-synchronous orbits, it is a derivative of the Strypi rocket which was developed in the 1960s in support of nuclear weapons testing. SPARK is being developed under the Low Earth Orbiting Nanosatellite Integrated Defense Autonomous System (LEONIDAS) program, funded by the Operationally Responsive Space Office of the United States Department of Defense.

Expendable launch system
An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are destroyed during reentry or impact with Earth, or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket stages that are discarded sequentially as their fuel is exhausted and the vehicle gains altitude and speed. As of 2024, fewer and fewer satellites and human spacecraft are launched on ELVs in favor of reusable launch vehicles. However, there are many instances where a ELV may still have a compelling use case over a reusable vehicle. ELVs are simpler in design than reusable launch systems and therefore may have a lower production cost. Furthermore, an ELV can use its entire fuel supply to accelerate its payload, offering greater payloads. ELVs are a proven technology in widespread use for many decades.
Vita (surname)
Vita is the surname of:

Alessio Vita (born 1993), Italian footballer

Carol Vita, American politician

Claudine Vita (born 1996), German athlete

Kimpa Vita (1684–1706), Kongolese prophet and leader of her own Christian movement

Lucas Vita (born 1985), Brazilian water polo player

Marcelo Vita (born 1963), Brazilian former footballer and manager

Carol Vita
Carol Vita is a Republican former New Hampshire state representative from the Strafford 3rd District. In 2011 she endorsed Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul.

Vita was a sponsor for a lawsuit to have Barack Obama dropped from the New Hampshire Presidential race in 2012, claiming that Obama was not born in the United States.
Zydretae
The Zydretae (Georgian: ზიდრიტები) (Zudrêtai or Zudreitai) were an ancient people of Colchis recorded by the Classical accounts as dwelling on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), on the southern side of the Apsarus river (modern-day Çoruh/Chorokhi in the borderlands of Turkey and Georgia), and between the Machelonoi and the Lazi tribes. The early 2nd century Roman author Arrian lists several neighboring and probably ethnically related tribes on a west to east orientation: the Sannoi (Sanigs), Drilae, Machelonoi, Heniochoi, Zudreitai, and Lazoi (Perip. 1 1.1-2). The anonymous (probably post-4th century) Periplus Ponti Euxini places them further south between the Akamosis and Archabis rivers. Little is known about the Zydretae's social and political life, but at that time when Arrian described them (c. 130s AD), they seem to have been subjected to the king of Iberia in eastern Georgia.

Çoruh
The Chorokh (Georgian: ჭოროხი Ch'orokhi [t͡ʃʼo̞ɾo̞χi], Turkish: Çoruh, Armenian: Ճորոխ Chorokh, Azerbaijani: Çorox, Greek: Άκαμψις, Akampsis) is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İspir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of the Turkey-Georgia border.

In Arrian's Periplus Ponti Euxini, it is called the Acampsis (Greek: Άκαμψις); Pliny may have confused it with the Bathys. Procopius writes that it was called Acampsis because it was impossible to force a way through it after it has entered the sea, since it discharges its stream with such force and swiftness, causing a great disturbance of the water before it, that it goes out for a very great distance into the sea and makes it impossible to coast along at that point.

In English, it was formerly known as the Boas, the Churuk, or the Chorokh.
Aplin Islet
Aplin Islet is a small island north of Shelburne Bay in far north Queensland, Australia about 140 km north of Cape Grenville, Cape York Peninsula in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Queensland, Australia. It is within the Shire of Cook. The island has an area of about 4 hectares. It rises to a height of 5.82 metres above sea level.

It is about 30 km east of Orford Ness.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Roccellinastrum lagarostrobi
Roccellinastrum lagarostrobi is a rare species of byssoid (wispy) lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 1990 by lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas. The type specimen was collected from Pine Creek, north of Greystone bluff (Tasmania) at an altitude of 140 m (460 ft); here, along the bank of a stream, at the edge of a rainforest, the lichen was found growing as an epiphyte on leafy twigs of the endemic conifer Lagarostrobos franklinii. It has a white, cottony (byssoid) thallus that forms irregularly shaped tufts typically measuring 2–4 mm wide. The lichen produces the chemical protocetraric acid. The species epithet lagarostrobi refers to the genus of the phorophyte. It is only known to occur at a few locations in Tasmania; its diminutive size and somewhat inconspicuous appearance makes it easy to miss.

Gintaras Kantvilas
Gintaras Kantvilas (born 1956) is an Australian lichenologist, who earned his Ph.D. in 1985 from the University of Tasmania with the thesis Studies on Tasmanian rainforest lichens. He has authored over 432 species names, and 167 genera in the field of mycology.

Kanvilas completed his secondary education at St Virgil's College in Hobart in 1973.

In 1985, he was working for the Tasmanian National Parks and Wildlife Service. In 1987 he was listing his affiliation as Department of Botany, University of Tasmania, in addition to the Tasmanian National Parks and Wildlife Service. By 2001 his affiliation was listed as the Tasmanian Herbarium, and this has continued until at least 2018.

The lichen genera Gintarasia and Kantvilasia are named in his honour.

The standard author abbreviation Kantvilas is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Carminodoris
Carminodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

The genus Carminodoris was originally classified by Bergh in 1891 in the subfamily Platydorididae (despite the use of  the suffix -idea), a subfamily of the family Dorididae. In 1934 Alice Pruvot-Fol elevated this subfamily to its new status as the family Latydorididae. In 2002 Valdés gave the name Discodorididae precedence over the name Platydorididae.

The Sea Slug Forum however classifies this genus in the family Dorididae.

Alice Pruvot-Fol
Alice Pruvot-Fol (4 August 1873 – 28 March 1972) was a French opisthobranch malacologist.

She was the author of many new species, mostly described on the basis of preserved animals. She described a new species (Nembrotha rutilans, Pruvot-Fol, 1931) on the basis of a painted illustration in a book by William Saville-Kent (1893) entitled The Great Barrier Reef of Australia. She continued working and naming new species until late in her life. Even in 1962, when she was 89 years old, she named Phyllidia pulitzeri.
QtScript
QtScript is a scripting engine that has been part of the Qt cross-platform application framework since version 4.3.0. It was first deprecated as of Qt 5.5, then dropped as of Qt 6.5, and replaced by Qt Meta-object Language (QML).

The scripting language is based on the ECMAScript standard with a few extensions, such as QObject-style signal and slot connections. The library contains the engine, and a C++ application programming interface (API) for evaluating QtScript code and exposing custom QObject-derived C++ classes to QtScript.

The QtScript Binding Generator provides bindings for the Qt API to access directly from ECMAScript. QtScript and the binding generator are used for Amarok 2's scripting system.

The QtScript version as of Qt 4.7 in 2011 uses JavaScriptCore but was developed no further. The module was deprecated as of Qt 5.5 in April 2015.

ECMAScript
ECMAScript (/ˈɛkməskrɪpt/; ES) is a standard for scripting languages including JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different web browsers. It is standardized by Ecma International in the document ECMA-262.

ECMAScript is commonly used for client-side scripting on the World Wide Web, and is increasingly being used for server-side scripting and services using runtime environments such as Node.js, Deno and Bun.
Feather River California Temple
The Feather River California Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Yuba City, California. The intent to build the temple was announced on October 7, 2018, by church president Russell M. Nelson, during general conference. The temple is the eighth in California. A groundbreaking ceremony, to signify the beginning of construction, was held on July 18, 2020, conducted by Paul H. Watkins, an area seventy.

Seventy (LDS Church)
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Traditionally, a church member holding this priesthood office is a "traveling minister" and an "especial witness" of Jesus Christ, charged with the mission of preaching the gospel to the entire world under the direction of the Twelve Apostles. The church teaches that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke  10:1-2. Multiple individuals holding the office of seventy are referred to collectively as seventies.
Laminated steel blade
A laminated steel blade or piled steel is a knife, sword, or other tool blade made out of layers of differing types of steel, rather than a single homogeneous alloy. The earliest steel blades were laminated out of necessity, due to the early bloomery method of smelting iron, which made production of steel expensive and inconsistent. Laminated steel offered both a way to average out the properties of the steel, as well as a way to restrict high carbon steel to the areas that needed it most. Laminated steel blades are still produced today for specialized applications, where different requirements at different points in the blade are met by use of different alloys, forged together into a single blade.

Bloomery
A bloomery is a type of metallurgical furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides.  The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron.  Bloomeries produce a porous mass of iron and slag called a bloom.  The mix of slag and iron in the bloom, termed sponge iron, is usually consolidated and further forged into wrought iron. Blast furnaces, which produce pig iron, have largely superseded bloomeries.
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) is a national association of paediatricians.

As a voluntary professional association, the CPS represents more than 3,000 paediatricians, paediatric subspecialists, paediatric residents, and other people who work with and care for children. The CPS is governed by an elected Board of Directors representing each province and territory.

Public Health Agency of Canada
The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC; French: Agence de la santé publique du Canada, ASPC) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.
Anna Friz
Anna Friz (born 1970) is a Canadian artist and musician whose work often pertains to, and utilizes the medium of, sound and radio. Starting in 1993, Friz has been involved with campus-community radio stations across Canada, and also works as a sound designer for film and stage performance. She has contributed original programming to numerous Canadian campus-community stations such as CITR-FM, CKUT-FM and CKUW, as well as for the CBC and Kunstradio, Austria.

CKUT-FM
CKUT-FM is a non-profit, member-owned and -operated campus and community radio station that broadcasts from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It can be heard at 90.3 FM in Montreal and online at its website, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

CKUT's FM signal, broadcast from a tower on the top of Mount Royal, reaches as far as the Eastern Townships and upstate New York.

CKUT-FM has its roots in McGill University's radio club, founded in 1921, and then in the closed-circuit station CFRM on the campus of McGill University. It started broadcasting on FM on November 16, 1987.

Its mandate is to be a "mic for the mic-less" – to provide an essential service to those in the Montreal community whose needs are not met by mainstream commercial radio. The station is financially supported by donations and a McGill student fee levy.
Jim Gamble
James Gamble, QPM (born November 1959) is a British former police officer and head of Belfast region for the now disbanded RUC Special Branch.

Gamble was the head of the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command (CEOP) Centre in the United Kingdom until 2010, and is now CEO of the INEQE Safeguarding Group.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
Micah Naftalin
Micah H. Naftalin (1933 - December 23, 2009) was an American advocate for the rights of Soviet Jews. He was national director of the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews from February 1987 until his death.

Naftalin held a BA from Brandeis University (1955) and a JD from George Washington University Law School (1960). He served in Korea as an enlisted man in the U.S. Army from 1955 to 1957.

Before joining UCSJ, he served as an aide to U.S. Congressman Carl Elliott, as chief counsel and deputy director of the U.S. House of Representatives’ Select Committee on Government Research and as a senior policy analyst with the National Academy of Sciences. In 1982, he joined chairman Elie Wiesel on the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, which led the efforts to establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Naftalin was appointed deputy director and, later, acting director.

Naftalin died in Washington, DC.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
Dalbergia candenatensis
Dalbergia candenatensis is a species of liana, with the Vietnamese name trắc một hột (or me nước). It is now placed in the subfamily Faboideae and tribe Dalbergieae; no subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Stanowice, Świdnica County
Stanowice [stanɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzegom, within Świdnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

In the final stages of World War II, on 28 January 1945, a German-organized death march of Allied prisoners of war from the Stalag Luft 7 POW camp stopped in the village.

German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (German: Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945).

The most common types of camps were Oflags ("Officer camp") and Stalags ("Base camp" – for enlisted personnel POW camps), although other less common types existed as well.