hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congregational singing
Congregational singing is the practice of the congregation participating in the music of a church, either in the form of hymns or a metrical Psalms or a free form Psalm or in the form of the office of the liturgy (for example Gregorian chants). It is contrasted with music being sung exclusively by a choir or cantor(s). Congregational singing was largely the invention of the Protestant Reformation.  Before then, singing in churches, especially in larger urban churches, was largely left to professionals.  The reformers in Strasbourg, in particular, reduced the church service largely to a sermon bookended by congregational singing and prayers.

Metrical psalter
A metrical psalter is a kind of Bible translation: a book containing a verse translation of all or part of the Book of Psalms in vernacular poetry, meant to be sung as hymns in a church. Some metrical psalters include melodies or harmonisations. The composition of metrical psalters was a large enterprise of the Protestant Reformation, especially in its Calvinist manifestation that is still practiced today.
Arrondissement of Briançon
The arrondissement of Briançon is an arrondissement of France in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has 36 communes. Its population is 33,304 (2021), and its area is 2,138.1 km2 (825.5 sq mi).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Berlinski
Berlinski (or Berliński in its native Polish form) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claire Berlinski (born 1968), American writer and journalist

David Berlinski (born 1942), American philosopher, educator and writer

Herman Berlinski (1910–2001), German-born American composer, organist, musicologist and choir conductor

Hirsch Berlinski (1908–1944), Polish resistance fighter

Mischa Berlinski (born 1973), American writer

Rafał Berliński (born 1976), Polish footballer

Ron Berlinski (born 1994), German footballer

Hirsch Berlinski
Hirsch Berlinski (1908, Łódź – 27 September 1944, Warsaw) was a Jewish resistance fighter, a member of the Left Poalei Zion party, and one of the organizers of the Jewish Combat Organization during World War II.
Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway
The Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway was a Southeastern railroad that operated in the Carolinas immediately after Reconstruction.  It ran from Mount Airy, North Carolina, southeast through Greensboro and Fayetteville to the Atlantic port of Wilmington, North Carolina.  A significant branch also ran from Fayetteville south to Bennettsville, South Carolina.

Bennettsville, South Carolina
Bennettsville is a city located in the U.S. state of South Carolina on the Great Pee Dee River. As the county seat of Marlboro County, Bennettsville is noted for its historic homes and buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries—including the Bennettsville Historic District which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

As of the 2020 census, Bennettsville had a population of 7,020.
Darienheros
Darienheros calobrensis, is a species of cichlid found in Middle America. It is distributed in the Darién area of eastern Panama on the Pacific slope in the Tuíra, Chucunaque and Bayano River basins. This species is the only known member of its genus. The specific name alludes to the Rio Calobre, the type locality.

Tuira River
The Tuira River is located in the Darién Province of eastern Panama. It flows into the Bay of San Miguel at the province capital of La Palma.

It is the largest river in Panama, and one of its tributaries, the Chucunaque River, is the longest river in Panama.

The river starts in highlands of Darien, and runs south/southeast, and then north and west. It runs past villages as it flows downstream including Matuganti, Sobiaquirú, El Balsal, Boca de Cupe, Capetí, Yape, Aruza, Unión Chocó, Vista Alegre, and Pinogana. It meets the Chucunaque River at El Real de Santa María and then flows northwest towards La Palma. Via the Chucunaque, one can reach Yaviza, which is the terminus of the northern end of the Pan-American Highway.

The Paya River joins the river downstream of Sobiaquirú, via which the village of Paya can be reached.  The Púcuro River joins downstream of the Paya, via which the village of Púcuro can be reached.
Buildings and structures in Sheffield
Buildings and structures in Sheffield have been constructed over a time-span ranging from the 13th century to the present day. The majority of Sheffield's older buildings were built during the Industrial Revolution, with many medieval buildings demolished in the 19th century; some older buildings were lost during the Sheffield Blitz. Sheffield can only lay claim to five Grade I listed buildings, two of which are in the city centre.

The oldest structure is Beauchief Abbey, which dates back to the 12th century and is now still a functioning Abbey, open every Sunday with evensong once a month. Within the grounds, there are also signs of the old ruin of when the Abbey was once much bigger. The oldest complete structure is Sheffield Cathedral, parts of which date back to the 13th century. In relation to height, the 78-metre (256 ft) Arts Tower was the tallest completed building in Sheffield until the St Pauls tower (City Lofts) project was completed in 2011.

Heart of the City II
53°22′37″N 1°28′44″W﻿ / ﻿53.377°N 1.479°W﻿ / 53.377; -1.479

Heart of the City II is a mixed-use development under construction in Sheffield city centre, England between the Devonshire Quarter and The Moor Gateway. The project was previously given the marketing name Sevenstone, prior to Hammerson, the developer, being dropped from the project in December 2013 with Sheffield City Council seeking new developers.

The first phase, consisting of restaurants, shops and offices opened in 2020. The second phase was largely completed in mid 2024.
Mark Denny
Mark W. Denny (born 1951)   is a professor of biology at Stanford University. His research applies biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and probability to problems in marine ecology, particularly the physical constraints experienced by organisms living on wave-swept rocky shores.

His research on the intertidal zone of wave-swept shores has led to increased understanding of this habitat. His most publicized research is his work on locomotion of water striders, which led to the coining of the term "Denny's paradox" to explain a discrepancy between capillary-wave-based propulsion models and the observed performance of juvenile water striders.

In 2008 he examined greyhounds, thoroughbred horses and human athletes trying to find their maximum running speed. He predicted the fastest possible time for men's 100 metres will be 9.48 seconds.
Denny has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Experimental Biology.

Greyhound
The English Greyhound, or simply the Greyhound, is a breed of dog and a sighthound. It is an ancient breed historically developed for hunting game by sight and speed, and has later been used in organised coursing and greyhound racing. Greyhounds are also kept as show dogs and companion animals.

Greyhounds are characterised by a tall, muscular, smooth-coated build, a long tail, tough feet, and a distinctive flexible, "S-shaped" outline typical of sighthounds. They are a distinct breed from other related sighthounds, such as the Italian greyhound.

The Greyhound's long legs, deep chest, flexible spine, and slim build enable high sprinting speeds. In racing contexts, greyhounds can reach peak speeds of at least 69 km/h (43 mph), with typical winning speeds of approximately 58–61 km/h (36–38 mph).
Chris Biscoe
Chris Biscoe (born 5 February 1947, East Barnet, Hertfordshire, England) is an English jazz multi-instrumentalist, a player of the alto, soprano, tenor and baritone saxophone, the alto clarinet, piccolo and flute. Biscoe is most notable for his work with Mike Westbrook and the National Youth Jazz Orchestra (NYJO).

Didier Levallet
Didier Levallet (born 19 July 1944, in Arcy-sur-Cure, France) is a French jazz double bassist, composer, arranger and leader.

A self-taught bassist, Levallet made his professional debut in Paris in 1969, working with such artists as Ted Curson, Johnny Griffin, Kenny Clarke, Mal Waldron, Hank Mobley, Archie Shepp, Tony Oxley, Steve Lacy, Harry Beckett and Didier Lockwood.

Levallet was director of the French National Jazz Orchestra from 1997 to 2000 He has also served as an educator at the L’École Nationale de Musique in Angoulême, and regularly hold workshops and music concerts in Cluny, France.
Skew coordinates
A system of skew coordinates, sometimes called oblique coordinates, is a curvilinear coordinate system where the coordinate surfaces are not orthogonal, as in orthogonal coordinates.

Skew coordinates tend to be more complicated to work with compared to orthogonal coordinates since the metric tensor will have nonzero off-diagonal components, preventing many simplifications in formulas for tensor algebra and tensor calculus. The nonzero off-diagonal components of the metric tensor are a direct result of the non-orthogonality of the basis vectors of the coordinates, since by definition:

where  is the metric tensor and  the (covariant) basis vectors.

These coordinate systems can be useful if the geometry of a problem fits well into a skewed system. For example, solving Laplace's equation in a parallelogram will be easiest when done in appropriately skewed coordinates.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Saturn B-1
Studied in 1959, the Saturn B-1 was a four-stage concept rocket similar to the Jupiter-C, and consisted of a Saturn IB first stage, a cluster of four Titan I first stages used for a second stage, a S-IV third stage and a Centaur high-energy liquid-fueled fourth stage. Like its proposed predecessors, the Saturn B-1 never flew and neither did the Titan cluster stage. The S-IV however flew on the Saturn I.

Jupiter-C
The Jupiter-C was an American research and development vehicle developed from the Jupiter-A. Jupiter-C was used for three uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflights in 1956 and 1957 to test re-entry nosecones that were later to be deployed on the more advanced PGM-19 Jupiter mobile missile. The recovered nosecone was displayed in the Oval Office as part of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's televised speech on November 7, 1957.

A member of the Redstone rocket family, Jupiter-C was designed by the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), under the direction of Wernher von Braun. Three Jupiter-C flights were made. These were followed by satellite launches with the vehicle designated as Juno I  (see Juno I below or the Juno I article). All were launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro
The Museum-Residence of Guerra Junqueiro (Portuguese: Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro) is a former-residence and museum located in the civil parish of Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória, in the Portuguese north, municipality of Porto, classified as a Imóvel de Interesse Público (Property of Public Interest).

Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória
Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau and Vitória. The population in 2011 was 40,440, in an area of 5.43 km2. It covers the historic part of the city of Porto.
Yodsanan Sor Nanthachai
Yodsanan Sor Nanthachai or Yodsanan Sityodtong a.k.a. Yodsanan 3-K Battery (Thai: ยอดสนั่น 3เคแบตเตอรี่; born name Theera Phongwan new name Theepaphat Phongwankittikun August 17, 1974 in Phrai Bueng District, Srisaket Province, Thailand) is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter, professional boxer, and mixed martial artist. Yodsanan is a former WBA super featherweight champion, a title he held from 2002 to 2005.

In  MMA, he competed for ONE Championship in their Bantamweight division from 2011 to 2017. Yodsanan fights out of Evolve MMA in Singapore, where he is a member of the Evolve Fight Team.

He is known as the Thai Tyson due to his KO power, having won 45 of 56 fights by knockout, and is one of the best boxers Thailand has ever produced.

Sisaket province
Sisaket province (Thai: ศรีสะเกษ, RTGS: Si Sa Ket, pronounced [sǐː sàʔ kèːt]; Northern Khmer: ซีซะเกด) is one of Thailand's seventy-six  provinces (changwat). It lies in lower northeastern Thailand, a region called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise): Surin, Roi Et, Yasothon, and Ubon Ratchathani. To the south it borders Oddar Meancheay and Preah Vihear of Cambodia.
2019 BWF World Junior Championships – Teams event group stage
The group stage of the 2019 BWF World Junior Championships – Teams event was the first stage of the competition. It was held at Kazan Gymnastics Center in Kazan, Russia, from 30 September to 5 October.

Kazan Gymnastics Center
The Kazan Gymnastics Center (Russian: центр гимнастики Казань), is an indoor sports arena in Kazan, Russia. Built for 2013 Summer Universiade, it was inaugurated on 14 November 2012. Currently it is used for training athletes from Kazan Youth Sports Schools and Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism. There are also daily classes conducted by Olympic champion Yulia Barsukova
Bridge 12
Bridge 12 is a historic Parker through truss bridge, carrying Boston Post Road across the Missisquoi River in Enosburg, Vermont.  Built in 1929 in the wake of Vermont's devastating 1927 floods, it is one a shrinking number of surviving truss bridges on the river.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Great Vermont Flood of 1927
The Great Flood of 1927  was a flooding event in Vermont, and some parts of the bordering states. In early November 1927, heavy rainfall across New England caused extensive and destructive flooding. Vermont experienced the majority of the damage. In total of 85 people died and damage exceeded $50 million.

Following a very wet October, record levels of rainfall fell in early November. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated 53% of the state received more than six inches of rain, (the greatest recorded amount being 9.86 inches (250 mm) in Somerset) which caused rivers throughout the state to flood. The flood is considered the worst flood in Vermont, with the only comparisons being the floods caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011 and those of July 2023.
Epicycloid
In geometry, an epicycloid (also called hypercycloid) is a plane curve produced by tracing the path of a chosen point on the circumference of a circle—called an epicycle—which rolls without slipping around a fixed circle. It is a particular kind of roulette.

An epicycloid with a minor radius (R2) of 0 is a circle. This is a degenerate form.

Degenerate bilinear form
In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, a degenerate bilinear form  on a vector space  is a bilinear form such that the map from  to  (the dual space of ) given by  has a non-trivial kernel, i.e. there exist some non-zero  in  such that  for all .

An equivalent definition when  is finite-dimensional is that the previous map is not an isomorphism.
Ruth Leuwerik
Ruth Leuwerik (German: [ʁuːt ˈlɔɪ̯.və.ʁɪk] ⓘ; 23 April 1924 – 12 January 2016) was a German film actress, one of the most popular stars of German film during the 1950s. She appeared in 34 films between 1950 and 1977. Leuwerik is probably best known for her portrayal of Maria von Trapp in the films The Trapp Family and The Trapp Family in America.

Born in Essen as Ruth Leeuwerik, she grew up there and in Münster. She began her acting career with stage roles in the late 1940s. In the 1950s she and Dieter Borsche were considered as the ideal couple of the German film. In 1962 she starred in the Helmut Käutner film Redhead, which was entered in the 12th Berlin International Film Festival. She is a five-time Bambi Award winner. Leuwerik died in Munich on 12 January 2016.

Dieter Borsche
Albert Eugen Rollomann (25 October 1909 – 5 August 1982), better known as Dieter Borsche, was a German actor. He appeared in more than 90 films between 1935 and 1981. Since 1944, he suffered from muscle atrophy and had to use a wheelchair since the late 1970s. He was born in Hanover, Germany and died in Nuremberg, Germany. Borsche became a film star in the post-World War II era, following his performance in Keepers of the Night (1949).
City of Maitland
The City of Maitland is a local government area in the lower Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.  The area is situated adjacent to the New England Highway and the Hunter railway line.

The mayor of the City of Maitland is Cr. Philip Penfold, a former Liberal party member turned Independent politician.

The deputy mayor of the City of Maitland is Cr. Mike Yarrington, a member of Mayor Penfold's Independent team. The previous Deputy Mayor was Cr. Bill Hackney, who once applied to be a member of the Liberal party, but was elected to Council as part of Mayor Penfold's Independent team.

The current General Manager is Jeff Smith.

Hunter Line
The Hunter Line (HUN) is an intercity rail service running from Newcastle, with two branches to Dungog and Scone in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It operates on the Newcastle, Main North and North Coast lines.
Fort Smith Railroad
The Fort Smith Railroad (reporting mark FSR) is a Class III short-line railroad headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

FSR operates 18 miles (29 km) of line in Arkansas from Fort Smith (where it interchanges with Kansas City Southern Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, and Arkansas and Missouri Railroad) to Fort Chaffee.

FSR traffic generally consists of grain, food products, paper products, scrap and finished steel, lumber, peanuts, alcohol, military equipment, and charcoal.

The FSR currently operates with three ex-Santa Fe Railroad EMD GP20 locomotives.

FSR is a subsidiary of Pioneer Railcorp.

Fort Chaffee Maneuver Training Center
Fort Chaffee Joint Maneuver Training Center, also known as Fort Chaffee, is an Arkansas Army National Guard installation located in western Arkansas, adjacent to the city of Fort Smith. Established as Camp Chaffee in 1941, renamed to Fort Chaffee in 1956, it has served as a U.S. Army base, training camp, prisoner-of-war camp, and refugee camp. The fort was realigned following the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission round. Since that time, the Arkansas National Guard has been using 66,000 acres (270 km2) as a training facility. The State of Arkansas received 6,000 acres (24 km2), about half of which have been redeveloped as of 2014. The main environmental concern has been asbestos, released during various fires.
Frank Tristan
Frank Tristan (born c. 1981) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Glendale High School in Springfield, Missouri, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Southwestern Assemblies of God University from 2015 to 2017, Western New Mexico University from 2018 to 2020, and Willard High School in Willard, Missouri, from 2021 to 2023. He played college football and baseball for Evangel and also coached for Evangel, Hillcrest High School, and Kickapoo High School where he served as defensive coordinator.

Kickapoo High School (Springfield, Missouri)
Kickapoo High School is a public high school located in Springfield, Missouri, United States. Having officially opened in October 1971, it is one of five public high schools within Springfield Public Schools. The school is named after its location in a portion of Springfield known as the "Kickapoo Prairie" and after the Native American Tribe. The school's mascot is the "Kickapoo Chief". In 2014, Kickapoo High had about 2,100 students and 100 teachers, making it the largest of Springfield's five high schools. After adjustments were made to district lines, this number dropped to 1,800 in the 2015–2016 school year.
Paul Woodroffe (cricketer)
Paul Joseph Woodroffe (born 12 June 1964) is a former English cricketer.  Woodroffe was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Hillingdon, Middlesex.

Woodroffe made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1994 Minor Counties Championship against Suffolk.  Woodroffe played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1996 to 2003, which included 28 Minor Counties Championship matches and 13 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1999, he made his List A debut against the Yorkshire Cricket Board in the NatWest Trophy.  He played four further List A matches for Buckinghamshire, the last coming against Dorset in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2003. In his five List A matches, he scored 31 runs at a batting average of 31.00, with a high score of 16*. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 20.85, with best figures of 2/18.

He also played Second XI cricket for the Middlesex Second XI from 1995–1996.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
English Baroque architecture
English Baroque is a term used to refer to modes of English architecture that paralleled Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and roughly 1720, when the flamboyant and dramatic qualities of Baroque art were abandoned in favour of the more chaste rule-based Neo-classical forms espoused by the proponents of Palladianism.

It is primarily embodied in the works of Christopher Wren, Nicholas Hawksmoor, John Vanbrugh, and James Gibbs, although a handful of lesser architects such as Thomas Archer also produced buildings of significance. In domestic architecture and interior decor, Baroque qualities can sometimes be seen in the late phase of the Restoration style, and the William and Mary style, the Queen Anne style, and early Georgian architecture are varieties of Baroque.

William and Mary style
What later came to be known as the William and Mary style is a furniture design common from 1700 to 1725 in the Netherlands, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland, and later in England's American colonies. It was a transitional style between Mannerist furniture and Queen Anne furniture. Sturdy, emphasizing both straight lines and curves, and featuring elaborate carving and woodturning, the style was one of the first to imitate Asian design elements such as japanning.