hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship
The dictatorship of 10th Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos in the 1970s and 1980s is historically remembered for its record of human rights abuses, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against his dictatorship. Based on the documentation of Amnesty International, Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, and similar human rights monitoring entities, historians believe that the Marcos dictatorship was marked by 3,257 known extrajudicial killings, 35,000 documented tortures, 737 'enforced disappearances', and 70,000 incarcerations.

Some 2,520 of the 3,257 murder victims were tortured and mutilated before their bodies were dumped in various places for the public to discover - a tactic meant to sow fear among the people, which came to be known as "salvaging". Some victims were also subjected to cannibalism.

Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; Arabic: جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية, romanized: Jabha Taḥrīr Moro al-ʾIslāmiyya) is an Islamic armed group split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), was founded in 1977, based in Mindanao, Philippines, which sought an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government. The group has a presence in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, Palawan, Basilan, and other neighbouring islands. The armed wing of the group was the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF), although the name of its parent organization, the MILF, was often used to refer to the BIAF.

In July 2018, the Philippine government passed the Bangsamoro Organic Law, giving more autonomy to Muslims. In return, MILF announced that it would disarm its 30,000 fighters.
Marie Helvin
Marie Helvin (born August 13, 1952) is a British-based American former fashion model, who worked extensively with David Bailey, to whom she was married between 1975 and 1985. In the 1970s and 1980s, she appeared in many fashion stories for British Vogue and posed for a series of nude photographs made by Bailey, which were published in his 1980 book Trouble and Strife. They would collaborate on four more photographic books and continued to work on multiple stories for the British, French and Italian editions of Vogue.

British Vogue
British Vogue (stylised in all caps) is the British edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine was launched in 1916 by Condé Nast, linking together fashion and high society.

British Vogue is the third most profitable edition of Vogue worldwide (other than the American and Chinese editions).
Sing a Song of Sixpence
"Sing a Song of Sixpence" is an English nursery rhyme, perhaps originating in the 18th century. It is listed in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 13191. The sixpence in the rhyme is a British coin that was first minted in 1551 and became obsolete in 1980 after the country's transition to the decimal currency system in 1971.

Nursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and other European countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.

From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes began to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).
Yaroslavl State Medical Academy
Yaroslavl State Medical University (YSMU) (Russian: Ярославский государственный медицинский университет (ЯГМУ)) is a university in Yaroslavl, a city in European part of Russia. It was founded in 1944. YSMU is a regional center of medical education and bio-medical research.

European Russia
European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. European Russia spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The region is divided into six Federal districts.
Deserticossus volgensis
Deserticossus volgensis is a species of moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Russia (southern Volga region), the northern Caucasus (Stavropol, Dagestan), north-western Kazakhstan and Turkey.

Its wingspan is about 21 mm,.

Stavropol
Stavropol (Russian: Ставрополь, IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943, is a city that is the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, and it is one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II
The U.S. Army enlisted rank insignia that was used during World War II differs from the current system. The color scheme used for the insignia's chevron design was defined as golden olive drab chevrons on a dark blue-black wool background for wear on "winter" uniform dress coats and dress shirts or silvery-khaki chevrons on a dark blue-black cotton background for wear on the various types of field jackets and "winter" uniform fatigue shirts. An unauthorized variant that nevertheless saw wide use was olive drab chevrons on a khaki cotton background for wear on the "summer" uniform dress coats (introduced in 1929 and discontinued for issue in 1938) and dress shirts. This scheme of rank insignia was established by War Department Circular No. 303 on 5 August 1920 and would see two significant changes in 1942. The usage of this style of insignia was ended by Department of the Army Circular No. 202, dated 7 July 1948, which provided for significant changes in both rank and insignia design.

Enlisted rank
An enlisted rank (also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate or enlisted man) is, in some armed services, any rank below that of a commissioned officer. The term can be inclusive of non-commissioned officers or warrant officers, except in United States military usage where warrant officers/chief warrant officers are a separate officer category ranking above enlisted grades and below commissioned officer grades. In most cases, enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty, as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers.

The term "enlistment" refers solely to a military commitment (whether officer or enlisted) whereas the terms "taken on strength" and "struck off strength" refer to a service member being carried on a given unit's roll.
Chayenne Ewijk
Chayenne Ewijk (born 17 August 1988) is a Dutch former professional tennis player.

Ewijk has won seven singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 23 February 2009, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 229. On 20 October 2008, she peaked at No. 216 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Partnering Anastasiya Yakimova, Ewijk won her first $50k tournament in October 2008 at the ITF Jounieh Open, defeating Carmen Klaschka and Laura Siegemund in the final.

Playing for Netherlands Fed Cup team, Ewijk has a record of 2–2 in Fed Cup competition.

ITF Jounieh Open
The ITF Jounieh Open (also known as the Jounieh Challenger) is a tournament for female professional tennis players played on outdoor clay courts, classified as a $100k ITF Women's Circuit event. It is held annually in Jounieh, Lebanon, since 2003. The event was cancelled in 2006 and from 2011 due to sponsorship reasons.
Asus EeeBox PC
Asus EeeBox PC (formerly Asus Eee Box) is a nettop computer line from ASUSTeK Computer Incorporated, and a part of the Asus Eee product family. First released on August 11, 2008, the Asus EeeBox PC series is marketed as a small, light, inexpensive and energy-efficient counterpart to the Asus Eee PC netbook / subnotebook laptop series. Its motherboard employs Splashtop technology called Express Gate by Asus.

Motherboard
A motherboard, also known as a mainboard, system board, logic board, and informally mobo (see "Nomenclature" section), is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the CPU, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.: 48
Jimmy Hamilton (footballer, born 1906)
James Hamilton (born 16 August 1906) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for Girvan Juniors, Hamilton Academical, Ayr United, Rochdale, Wrexham, Carlisle United and Chester City, as a full back.

Ayr United F.C.
Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Scott Brown. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.
Cotton paper
Cotton paper is paper made from cotton fiber. Prior to the mid-19th century, cotton rag paper was the main form of paper produced but pulp paper replaced cotton paper as the main paper material during the 19th century. Cotton linters, a harvesting byproduct of fine fibers which stick to the cotton seeds after processing, became the primary source material. Although pulp paper was cheaper to produce, its quality and durability is lower; cotton paper continues to be more durable, and consequently important documents are often printed on cotton paper.

By-product
A by-product or byproduct is a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction; it is not the primary product or service being produced.

A by-product can be useful and marketable or it can be considered waste: for example, bran, which is a byproduct of the milling of wheat into refined flour, is sometimes composted or burned for disposal, but in other cases, it can be used as a nutritious ingredient in human food or animal feed. Gasoline was once a byproduct of oil refining that later became a desirable commercial product as motor fuel. The plastic used in plastic shopping bags also started as a by-product of oil refining. By-products are sometimes called co-products to indicate that although they are secondary, they are desired products. For example, hides and leather may be called co-products of beef production. There is no strict distinction between by-products and co-products.
Airdrie South (ward)
Airdrie South is one of the twenty-one wards used to elect members of the North Lanarkshire Council. It elects four councillors, with its territory unaffected by a national boundary review in 2017 – as its name suggests, this covers southern parts of Airdrie (including Brownsburn, Craigneuk, Moffat Mills, Petersburn and South Cairnhill neighbourhoods) plus the outlying settlements of Calderbank and Chapelhall, covering a population of 19,934 in 2019.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
San Francisco Chinese Hospital
San Francisco Chinese Hospital is a community hospital in San Francisco and the only Chinese hospital in the United States. The hospital is located in San Francisco's Chinatown.

Chinese Hospital primarily serves the elderly, poor and immigrants from China in the San Francisco area and provides an alternative to San Francisco General Hospital for patients with a language barrier. The hospital also operates CCHP, (Chinese Community Health Plan). The hospital's staff can provide services spoken in English, Mandarin, Cantonese, Taishanese and other languages.

Taishanese
Taishanese (simplified Chinese: 台山话; traditional Chinese: 臺山話; pinyin: Táishān huà; Jyutping: toi4 saan1 waa2), alternatively romanized in Cantonese as Toishanese or Toisanese, in local dialect as Hoisanese or Hoisanwa, is a Yue Chinese language native to Taishan, Guangdong.

Even though they are related, Taishanese has little mutual intelligibility with Cantonese. It is not a dialect of Cantonese. Taishanese is also spoken throughout Sze Yup (or Siyi in the pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese), located on the western fringe of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, China. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, most of the Chinese emigration to North America originated in Sze Yup (which includes Taishan). Thus, up to the mid-20th century, Taishanese was the dominant variety of the Chinese language spoken in Chinatowns in Canada and the United States. It was formerly the lingua franca of the overseas Chinese residing in the United States.
Battle of Sig
35°24′44″N 0°04′49″E﻿ / ﻿35.4121°N 0.0802°E﻿ / 35.4121; 0.0802In the Battle of Sig (26-27 June 1835), French forces, assisted by the Douair and Smela tribes, fought the Algerian resistance led by Emir Abdelkader in the forest of Moulay-Ismaël near Sig.

On 26 June General Trézel's column, consisting of 2,500 men, arrived on the banks of the Sig, ten leagues from Oran. There, he encountered Abdelkader's army, consisting of 8,000 cavalrymen and 4,000 infantrymen. After the French vanguard folded under the impetuous charge of the Algerian cavalry, Trézel ceded the place to the Algerians and retreated some distance away to avoid total defeat.

On 27 June Trézel and his forces set off to return to Oran. The day after, they were ambushed by Abdelkader near the marshes of the Macta.

Camille Alphonse Trézel
Camille Alphonse Trézel (5 January 1780 – 11 April 1860) was a French général de division, Minister for War and peer of France during the July Monarchy. He was the assistant chief of the general staff on the Morea expedition, and served in the 1830s in the French conquest of Algeria, where he suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Macta.
Cyanohydrin reaction
In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin reaction is an organic reaction in which an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) reacts with a cyanide anion (N≡C−) or a nitrile (−C≡N) to form a cyanohydrin (>C(OH)C≡N). For example:

This nucleophilic addition is a reversible reaction but with aliphatic carbonyl compounds equilibrium is in favor of the reaction products. The cyanide source can be potassium cyanide (KCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN) or trimethylsilyl cyanide ((CH3)3SiCN). With aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, the benzoin condensation is a competing reaction. The reaction is used in carbohydrate chemistry as a chain extension method for example that of D-xylose.

Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula NaCN and the structure Na+ −C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
Donald Sherer
Donald B. Sherer is an American lawyer and politician.

Sherer, representing the Republican Party, defeated Democratic Party candidate Carmen Domonkos in the 2002 general election for Connecticut's 147th House of Representatives district, and succeeded Michael Fedele, who left the seat open to run for the Connecticut Senate. Sherer won a second term against Democrat Peter Gasparino in 2004. In 2006, Sherer lost to William Tong. He previously served on the Stamford Board of Representatives from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1991 to 2001.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Mussahi District
Mussahi District (Pashto: د موسهي ولسوالی) is a southern district of Kabul Province, Afghanistan. Mussai district borders Char Asiab District to the west, Bagrami District to the north, Khaki Jabbar District to the east and Logar Province to the south. Its headquarter, Mussahi village, is in the central part of the district.

Logar Province
Logar is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern section of the country. It is divided into 7 districts and contains hundreds of villages. Puli Alam is the capital of the province. As of 2021, Logar has a population of approximately 442,037 people, most of whom are ethnic Pashtuns and Tajiks.

The Logar River enters the province through the west and leaves to the north.
2016 Elite 10
The 2016 Elite 10 was held from March 17 to 20, 2016 at The Q Centre in Colwood, British Columbia. It was the fourth Grand Slam of Curling event held in the 2015–16 curling season. The tournament was held between ten teams; nine  teams were joined by two-time Canadian women's champions Team Homan.

Elite 10
The Elite 10 (branded as the Princess Auto Elite 10 for sponsorship reasons) was a curling bonspiel, held as part of the Grand Slam of Curling series. First held in the 2014–15 curling season, it was played between ten top-ranked teams, and utilized a match play system.

The event was dropped from the Grand Slam calendar for the 2019–20 curling season.
Styphelia serratifolia
Styphelia serratifolia is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, bushy shrub, with broadly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and red, tube-shaped flowers arranged singly in leaf axils.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Terpene synthase
Terpene synthases include:

β-farnesene synthase

(3R,6E)-nerolidol synthase

(-)-α-pinene synthase

(E)-β-ocimene synthase

These synthases' structures may include:

Terpene synthase N terminal domain

Terpene synthase C terminal domain

(E)-beta-ocimene synthase
(E)-β-Ocimene synthase (EC 4.2.3.106, β-ocimene synthase, AtTPS03, ama0a23, LjEbetaOS, MtEBOS) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase ((E)-β-ocimene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

geranyl diphosphate  (E)-β-ocimene + diphosphate

This enzyme is widely distributed in plants, which release β-ocimene when attacked by herbivorous insects.
2005 Zurich Open – Singles
Lindsay Davenport defeated Patty Schnyder in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2005 Zurich Open.

Alicia Molik was the defending champion, but retired in the first round against Jelena Janković.

Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 98 weeks (including as the year-end No. 1 four times), and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 32 weeks. Davenport won 55 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors (the 1998 US Open, 1999 Wimbledon Championships, and 2000 Australian Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and the 1999 Tour Finals. She also won 38 doubles titles, including three majors (the 1996 French Open, 1997 US Open, and the 1999 Wimbledon Championships) and three consecutive Tour Finals.

In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked Davenport as the 29th-greatest player (male or female) of the preceding 40 years. She amassed career-earnings of US$22,166,338; formerly first in the all-time rankings. Davenport was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2014.
Georges Bonnet
Georges-Étienne Bonnet (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ etjɛn bɔnɛ]; 23 July 1889 – 18 June 1973) was a French politician who served as foreign minister in 1938 and 1939 and was a leading figure in the Radical Party. He advocated for the maximum appeasement of Hitler prior to the Second World War.

Paul Baudouin
Paul Baudouin (French pronunciation: [pɔl bodwɛ̃]; 19 December 1894 – 10 February 1964) was a French banker who became a politician and Foreign Minister of France for the last six months of 1940. He was instrumental in arranging a cessation of hostilities between France and Germany in June that year, resulting in an Armistice.