hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary fauna
The concept of the three great evolutionary faunas of marine animals from the Cambrian to the present (that is, the entire Phanerozoic) was introduced by Jack Sepkoski in 1981 using factor analysis of the fossil record. An evolutionary fauna typically displays an increase in biodiversity following a logistic curve followed by extinctions (although the Modern Fauna has not yet exhibited the diminishing part of the curve).

Logistic function
A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve (sigmoid curve) with the equation

where

is the carrying capacity, the supremum of the values of the function;

is the logistic growth rate, the steepness of the curve; and

is the  value of the function's midpoint.

The logistic function has domain the real numbers, the limit as  is 0, and the limit as  is .

The exponential function with negated argument () is used to define the standard logistic function where , which has the equation

and is sometimes simply called the sigmoid function. It is also sometimes called the expit, being the inverse function of the logit.

The logistic function finds applications in a range of fields, including biology (especially ecology), biomathematics, chemistry, demography, economics, geoscience, mathematical psychology, probability, sociology, political science, linguistics, statistics, and artificial neural networks. There are various generalizations, depending on the field.
Tore Blom
Teodor "Tore" Blom (April 23, 1880 in Lilla Edet – September 24, 1961 in Bromma, Stockholm) was a Swedish track and field athlete who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

Blom competed in the long jump and the high jump. In the former he placed eleventh of twelve with a distance of 5.770 metres while in the latter he took last of eight jumpers clearing 1.50 metres.

Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump
The men's high jump was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 15, 1900. Eight athletes from seven nations competed in the high jump. The event was won by Irving Baxter of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's high jump. Great Britain (Patrick Leahy's silver) and Hungary (Lajos Gönczy's bronze) each took medals in their first appearance in the event.
Stock market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies that are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investments are usually made with an investment strategy in mind.

Financial asset
A financial asset is a non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and participations in companies' share capital. Financial assets are usually more liquid than tangible assets, such as commodities or real estate.

The opposite of financial assets is non-financial assets, which include both tangible property (sometimes also called real assets) such as land, real estate or commodities, and intangible assets such as intellectual property, including copyrights, patents, trademarks and data.
Caryocolum leucomelanella
Caryocolum leucomelanella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux, Portugal, Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. It is also found in Russia (the Ural Mountains and Siberia: Altai, Transbaikalia and Tuva).

The length of the forewings is 3.5–5 mm for males and 4-5.5 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Petrorhagia saxifraga, Dianthus carthusianorum, Dianthus sylvestris and possibly Dianthus gratianopolitanus and Dianthus seguieri. Pupation takes place in a cocoon on the ground at the end of April. Larvae can be found from the beginning of May to June.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Aflou
Aflou (Berber language: Aflu, Arabic: أفلو) is a town and commune in Alfou Province, Algeria. It is located in the Amour Range of the Saharan Atlas, at an elevation of 1,426 m (4,678 ft), which makes it one of the highest towns in Algeria. Aflou is the capital of Alfou Province and Aflou District. Its population in 1998 was 48,000.

Saharan Atlas
The Saharan Atlas (Arabic: الأطلس الصحراوي) is a sub-range of the Atlas Mountains, located primarily in Algeria with its eastern end in Tunisia. Although not as tall as the High Atlas of Morocco its summits are more imposing than the Tell Atlas range that runs parallel and closer to the coast. The tallest peak in the range is the 2,236 m (7,336 ft) high Mount Issa in the Ksour Range.
Union 32 High School
Union High School District No. 32, known as U-32 High School or U-32, is in East Montpelier, Vermont, United States. It is the regional reform high school for the central Vermont towns of Berlin, Calais, Middlesex, East Montpelier, and Worcester, and students from Orange, Washington, and Roxbury can choose to attend U-32 after middle school. It encompasses grades seven through twelve in a combined middle and senior high school.

Washington, Vermont
Washington is a town in Orange County, Vermont, in the United States. The population was 1,032 at the 2020 census. The town is believed to be named after George Washington, although the town may also be named after Washington, Connecticut, as there are records of individuals moving from that town in Connecticut to Vermont around 1766.
1974 Japan Series
The 1974 Japan Series was the championship series of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the 1974 season. The 25th edition of the series, it matched the Central League champion Chunichi Dragons against the Pacific League champion Lotte Orions. This was the first Japan Series since 1964 without the Yomiuri Giants, who had won the previous nine championships; the Dragons had edged them out for the Central pennant by percentage points after losing one game less than the Giants with two more ties). The Orions defeated the Dragons in six games to win their second title, and first since winning the inaugural Japan Series under the Mainichi branding.

Central League
The Central League (セントラル・リーグ, Sentoraru Rīgu) or Ce League (セ・リーグ, Se Rīgu), also known as the JERA Central League (JERAセ・リーグ, JERA Se Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues that constitute Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship plays against the winner of the Pacific League in the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around the country. Unlike the Pacific League, designated hitters are not used during Central League home games. The Central League has voted to adopt the designated hitter beginning in 2027.
Miss Europe 2002
Miss Europe 2002, was the 55th edition of the Miss Europe pageant and the 44th & final edition under the Mondial Events Organization. After this edition Mr. Roger Zeigler (owner of the pageant and Mondial Events Organization) sold the pageant to Endemol France (the French branch of the Dutch company Endemol). This years pageant was held at the Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center in Beirut, Lebanon on December 28, 2002. Svetlana Koroleva, Miss Russia, was crowned Miss Europe 2002 by outgoing titleholder Elodie Gossuin of France.

Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center
The Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center (commonly BIEL) is a multi-purpose facility, hosting exhibitions (Beirut Book Fair), conferences, concerts and private events. It opened on 28 November 2001. It moved from what is now called the Arena Waterfront to its current location on Emile Lahoud highway in 2018.
Sierra (film)
Sierra is a 1950 American Western film directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Wanda Hendrix, Audie Murphy and Burl Ives.  The film was based on the 1937 novel The Mountains Are My Kingdom by Stuart Hardy.

Alfred E. Green
Alfred Edward Green (July 11, 1889 – September 4, 1960) was an American film director. Green entered film in 1912 as an actor for the Selig Polyscope Company. He became an assistant to director Colin Campbell.
2023 Global Touring Car Championship
The 2023 Global Touring Car Championship (commercially titled 2023 Sasol GTC Championship) was the eighth season of the South African Global Touring Car Championship. The season was contested over seven rounds, starting at the Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit on 24 February and ending at the Zwartkops Raceway on October 14.

Sasol
Sasol Limited, commonly referred to as Sasol, is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

The company was formed in 1950 in Sasolburg, South Africa, and built around coal liquefaction processes that German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s. Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including synthetic fuel technologies, and produces different liquid fuels, chemicals, coal tar, and electricity.

Sasol is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE: SOL) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: SSL). Major shareholders include the South African Government Employees Pension Fund, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC), Allan Gray Investment Counsel, Coronation Fund Managers, Ninety One, and others.

Sasol employs over 27,000 people worldwide and has operations in 33 countries. It is the largest corporate taxpayer in South Africa, and the seventh-largest coal mining company in the world.
Gaslight (1958 film)
Gaslight is a 1958 television play broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation based on the 1938 play Gas Light by Patrick Hamilton.  It starred Beverley Dunn.

It was one of several Patrick Hamilton adaptations done on Australian television.

Patrick Hamilton (writer)
Anthony Walter Patrick Hamilton (17 March 1904 – 23 September 1962) was an English playwright and novelist.  
He was well regarded by Graham Greene and J. B. Priestley, and study of his novels has been revived because of their distinctive style, deploying a Dickensian narrative voice to convey aspects of inter-war London street culture. They display a strong sympathy for the poor, as well as an acerbic black humour. Doris Lessing wrote in The Times in 1968: "Hamilton was a marvellous novelist who's grossly neglected".

His two most successful plays, Rope (1929) and Gas Light (1938), were made into famous films: Alfred Hitchcock's Rope (1948); the UK-made Gaslight (1940), followed by the 1944 American version.
Development Management Institute
The Development Management Institute is an educational institute in Patna, Bihar, India. It was established in 2014 with the active support of the Rural Development Department, Government of Bihar.

Development Management Institute offers a two-year post-graduate diploma in Development Management.

Its programme is accredited by the  All India Council for Technical Education.

Government of Bihar
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.
Josef Angermüller
Josef "Seppi" Angermüller (6 November 1949 – 24 April 1977) was a West German international motorcycle speedway and Long track motorcycle racing rider. He earned 14 international caps for the West German national speedway team.

Civitanova Marche
Civitanova Marche (Italian pronunciation: [ˌtʃivitaˈnɔːva ˈmarke]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Ancona and about 25 km (16 mi) east of Macerata.
Latin American Music Awards of 2018
The 4th Annual Latin American Music Awards were held at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, California. It was broadcast live on Telemundo. J Balvin and Ozuna led the nominations with nine each. The latter and boyband CNCO got the most awards with three each, and the group won all of their nominations.

Dolby Theatre
The Dolby Theatre (formerly known as the Kodak Theatre) is a live-performance auditorium in the Ovation Hollywood shopping mall and entertainment complex, on Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue, in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. Since its opening on November 9, 2001, it has been the venue of the annual Academy Awards ceremony. It is adjacent to Grauman's Chinese Theatre and opposite the El Capitan Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard.

Besides the Academy Awards, the venue has hosted other concerts and theatrical performances.
Jalen Ramsey
Jalen Ramsey (/ˈdʒeɪlən/ JAY-lən; born October 24, 1994) is an American professional football safety for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles and was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars fifth overall in the 2016 NFL draft.

With the Jaguars, Ramsey quickly became one of the top cornerbacks in the NFL, making the Pro Bowl and being named an All-Pro in 2017, in addition to helping Jacksonville snap a 10-year playoff drought. However, following a fallout and standoff with the Jaguars' front office, he was traded to the Los Angeles Rams midway through the 2019 season. In 2020, he agreed to an extension with the Rams that made him the highest paid cornerback in league history at the time. Ramsey won Super Bowl LVI with the Rams before being traded to the Miami Dolphins during the 2023 offseason. He was traded to the Steelers two years later.

All-Pro
All-Pro is an honor bestowed upon professional American football players that designates the best player at each position during a given season. All-Pro players are typically selected by press organizations, who select an "All-Pro team," a list that consists of at least 22 players, one for each offensive and defensive position, plus various special teams players depending on the press organization that compiles the list. All-Pro lists are exclusively limited to the major leagues, usually only the National Football League; in the past, other leagues recognized as major, such as the American Football League of the 1960s or the All-America Football Conference of the 1940s, have been included in All-Pro lists.
Anna Orosz
Anna Orosz (born June 2, 1989, Budapest) is a Hungarian economist and politician, Member of Parliament since 2022. From March 2017 to May 2018 she was a member of the board of the Momentum Movement. From October 2019 local government representative Újbuda, she became the deputy mayor of Újbuda. On 11 October 2021, during the 2nd round of the Hungarian Opposition Primary, she took over the management of Momentum from András Fekete-Győr. In the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election, she was elected as MP to represent Budapest 2nd constituency in the National Assembly.

Újbuda
Újbuda (lit. New Buda) is the 11th district of Budapest (Hungarian: Budapest XI. kerület), Hungary. It is the most populous district of Budapest with 137,426 inhabitants (2008). Until the 1890s, Újbuda's present territory was a field south of the historical town of Buda. The construction of a new residential area started in the 1900s, the present district was formed in 1930. From 1880 to 1980, Újbuda's population increased from 1,180 to 178,960. There are boulevards, avenues with tram lines, and communist-era housing estates in the district. Line 4 of the Budapest metro passes through Újbuda.
Knocking and kicking
Knocking and kicking (or yuna onse) is a little-known traditional African-American dance-like martial art, arguably practiced clandestinely in parts of the Southern US and on the Sea Islands.

Music and acrobatic movements made knocking and kicking inseparable from dance. Knocking and kicking was secretly performed within the black community. These performances were set to the beat of drums, clapping, or the accompaniment of reed pipes known as "quills."

Some authors find that this art originates from engolo, and cognates with capoeira and danmyé.

Reed pipe
A reed pipe (also referred to as a lingual pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed. Air under pressure (referred to as wind) is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch. This is in contrast to flue pipes, which contain no moving parts and produce sound solely through the vibration of air molecules. Reed pipes are common components of pipe organs.
Lucien Polastron
Lucien X. Polastron (born 1944) is a French writer and historian, specializing in paper, books, writing, library history, and Chinese and Arab studies. He has written some 12 French-language books, some of which have been translated into other languages, including English. He lives and works in Paris. The 1992 destruction of the National Library in Sarajevo, the capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was the catalyst for Polastron's research into the destruction of libraries.

Arab studies
Arab studies or Arabic studies is an academic discipline centered on the study of Arabs and Arab World. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography, archaeology, cultural studies, economics, geography, international relations, law, literature, philosophy, psychology, political science, and public administration. The field draws from old Arabic chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Arabs from explorers and geographers in the Arab World  (Middle East-North Africa).
Potanthus confucius
Potanthus confucius, the Chinese dart or Confucian dart, is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. They are found from Sri Lanka and India to China and Japan and down to Sumatra and Java in Indonesia. Some museum specimens have also been reported to be from Palawan in the Philippines, but due to the absence of the species in Borneo, it is possible that these were mislabeled or misidentified.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Charles Grob
Charles S. Grob is a professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences and pediatrics and director of the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center. He received his two BS degrees from Oberlin College and Columbia University, before getting an MD from the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center. Grob's research interests include anxiety and mood disorders and also self-medication and substance abuse. The FDA approved one of his Phase 1 studies to study the psychological and physiological effects  of MDMA and the hallucinogen ayahuasca.

Grob is also the editor of Hallucinogens: A Reader, originally published in 2002. The book is a collection of psychedelic texts covering a wide range of topics, such as shamanism, society, and psilocybin research. It contains excerpts from figureheads of the psychedelic movement, including Terence McKenna, Albert Hofmann, and Ralph Metzner.

Albert Hofmann
Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906 – 29 April 2008) was a Swiss chemist known for being the first to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann's team also isolated, named and synthesized the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Hofmann discovered the structure of chitin in 1929. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books, including LSD: Mein Sorgenkind (LSD: My Problem Child). In 2007, he shared first place with Tim Berners-Lee on a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses published by The Daily Telegraph.
Arthur Black (Unionist politician)
Arthur Black PC(NI) KC (6 February 1888 – 15 April 1968) was an Irish barrister, judge and Ulster Unionist Party politician.

Born in Belfast, he was educated at Mountpottinger Elementary School and Campbell College, Belfast, and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was called to the English Bar in 1915 and was appointed as King's Counsel in 1929.

He was elected to the Northern Ireland House of Commons at the 1925 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Belfast South. When constituencies were revised for the 1929 general election, he was elected as the MP for the new Belfast Willowfield constituency, and re-elected there in 1933 and 1938.

He held the seat until he was appointed to the judiciary in November 1941 as Recorder of Belfast and as a County Court judge. He served as Attorney General for Northern Ireland from 1939–1941, Recorder from 1941–43, Judge of the Northern Ireland Supreme Court from 1943–49 and as a Lord Justice of Appeal from 1949-64.

Privy Council of Northern Ireland
The Privy Council of Northern Ireland is a dormant privy council formerly advising the Governor of Northern Ireland in his role as viceroy of the British Crown, in particular in the exercise of the monarch's prerogative powers. The council was the successor within Northern Ireland of the Privy Council of Ireland, which offered advice to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
Fred Smith (cricketer, born 1879)
Fred Smith (18 December 1879 – 20 October 1905) was an English first-class cricketer, who played thirteen matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1903. He also played for the Yorkshire Second XI in 1903 and 1904.

Born in Yeadon, Yorkshire, England, Smith was a left-handed batsman, who scored 292 runs at 16.22, with a best of 55 against Kent. Smith also scored 51 against Somerset and took three catches.

Smith died in October 1905 in Nelson, Lancashire, England, aged 25.

Yeadon, West Yorkshire
Yeadon is a town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

Most of the town is in the Otley and Yeadon ward of Leeds City Council and the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency. A southern part of the town, north of Swincar Avenue on Kirk Lane and south of the A65 is in the Guiseley and Rawdon ward and the Pudsey constituency.

Leeds Bradford Airport is immediately east of the town.