hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inferential theory of learning
Inferential Theory of Learning (ITL) is an area of machine learning which describes inferential processes performed by learning agents. ITL has been continuously developed by Ryszard S. Michalski, starting in the 1980s. The first known publication of ITL was in 1983. In the ITL learning process is viewed as a search (inference) through hypotheses space guided by a specific goal. The results of learning need to be stored. Stored information will later be used by the learner for future inferences. Inferences are split into multiple categories including conclusive, deduction, and induction. In order for an inference to be considered complete it was required that all categories must be taken into account. This is how the ITL varies from other machine learning theories like Computational Learning Theory and Statistical Learning Theory; which both use singular forms of inference.

Ryszard S. Michalski
Ryszard Stanisław Michalski (May 7, 1937 – September 20, 2007) was a Polish-American computer scientist. Michalski was Professor at George Mason University and a pioneer in the field of machine learning.
George Francis Sawyer
George Francis Sawyer (1871–27 August 1960) was Labour MP for Birmingham Duddeston.

Born in Cuddesdon in Oxfordshire, Sawyer worked as a railway guard, and joined the National Union of Railwaymen.  He was active in the Labour Party, and was elected to Birmingham City Council.

Sawyer stood unsuccessfully in the Birmingham Duddeston seat in 1923 and 1924, finally winning it from the Conservatives in 1929.  In 1931, the Conservatives regained the seat, and Sawyer was again unsuccessful in 1935.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
Bridger Formation
The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period. The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger. The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

North American land mammal age
The North American land mammal ages (NALMA) establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present. These periods are referred to as ages or intervals (or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age) and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained.
Maze Hill railway station
Maze Hill railway station is in Greenwich, London, and is situated on the Greenwich Line connecting suburbs (e.g.: Deptford, Greenwich, Charlton, Woolwich, to Dartford, Kent) along the south side of the River Thames with central London stations (London Bridge, Cannon Street and Charing Cross). The station is in the Maze Hill area of Greenwich, and is the closest station to Greenwich Park, being about 150m east of the north-east corner of the park. It is 4 miles 38 chains (7.2 km) down the line from London Bridge.

Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast (NSE) was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE mainly operated commuter rail trains within Greater London and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network went as far west as Exeter and also covered the inner East of England. Before 1986, the sector was originally known as London & South Eastern. During the privatisation of British Rail, it was gradually divided into a number of franchises.
Christina Fellner
Christina Fellner, née Oswald, (born 26 July 1973) is a German retired ice hockey player and record holder for most games played with the German women's national ice hockey team.

With the West German national team, she won a bronze medal at the 1989 IIHF European Women Championship and participated in the inaugural IIHF Women's World Championship in 1990. Fellner went on to represent Germany at seven World Championships, in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009; four European Championships, in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996; and in the women's ice hockey tournaments at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

In 2008, Fellner was inducted into the German Ice Hockey Hall of Fame.

1989 IIHF European Women Championships
The 1989 IIHF European Women Championships (ice hockey) was held April 4–9, 1989, in West Germany, the first European Championship to be held. Finland won their first title with a 7–1 victory over neighbours Sweden in the Final. The hosts West Germany picked up the bronze after edging past Norway on penalty shots.
2017 Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The 2017 Six Nations Under 20s Championship, was the 10th series of the Six Nations Under 20s Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Wales were the defending champions. The competition was won by England, who completed a Grand Slam by winning all their five matches.

For the first time, the 2017 tournament used the bonus point system common to most other professional rugby union tournaments. As well as the standard four points for a win and two for a draw, a team scoring four tries in a match received an additional league table point, as did a team losing by seven or fewer points. Additionally, to ensure that a team winning all of its five matches (a Grand Slam) would also win the Championship, three bonus points were awarded for this achievement.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Promachus of Macedon
Promachus (Ancient Greek: Πρόμαχος, died 324 BC) was a common soldier in the army of Alexander the Great. According to Plutarch, citing Chares of Mytilene, Promachus drank the equivalent of 13 litres of unmixed wine in 324 BC at Susa, when a drinking contest was held in connection with the funeral of Indian philosopher Calanus. He won the first prize of a golden crown worth a talent and died three days later. Forty-one other contestants allegedly died of alcohol poisoning as well.

Susa
Susa (/ˈsuːsə/ SOO-sə) was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. It represents the current city of Shush, located on the site of ancient Susa. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East, Susa served as the capital of Elam and the winter capital of the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods.
Joe Walsh (rugby league, born 1988)
Joe Walsh (born 25 December 1988) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for Harlequins RL and Huddersfield Giants.

He was born in Saddleworth, Oldham, Greater Manchester, and is a former Rishworth school pupil.

Walsh was part of the Leeds Rhinos academy team before joining Bradford Bulls in 2006 on a one-year deal where he also played at academy level.

In 2007, Walsh signed a two-year deal with Harlequins whose coach, Brian McDermott, stated that "Joe Walsh has been a godsend to us" following their win over Warrington Wolves. While at Harlequins he spent time on loan at Halifax. He signing for Huddersfield for the 2009 season and joined Sheffield Eagles on loan part way through the season.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
Madhuranagar Halt railway station
Madhuranagar railway station (station code - MDUN) located at City of Vijayawada (station code:MDUN), is an Indian Railways station located in Andhra Pradesh. It is situated on Duvvada–Vijayawada section of Vijayawada railway division in South Coast Railway zone.

Duvvada–Vijayawada section
The Duvvada–Vijayawada section (also known as Visakhapatnam–Vijayawada line) is a railway line connecting Duvvada in the city of Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada, both in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The main line is part of the Howrah–Chennai main line. The track from Duvvada to Thadi is under the administrative jurisdiction of East Coast Railway zone, and the rest of the line from Anakapalle to Vijayawada is under the administrative jurisdiction of South Central Railway zone.
Kilmore East railway station
Kilmore East railway station is a regional railway station on the Tocumwal line. It serves the town of the same name, in Victoria, Australia. Kilmore East is a ground level part-time staffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 18 April 1872.

Initially opened as Kilmore, the station was given its current name of Kilmore East on 1 October 1888.

The town of Kilmore is some distance to the west, at a much higher elevation, and was unable to be served directly by the main-line railway.

There is a disused goods shed at the station, as well as a staffed signal box. Approximately three kilometres (1.9 mi) in the down direction from the station is a siding which is used to load material from the Apex quarry.

Siding (rail)
In rail terminology, a siding is a low-speed track section distinct from a running line or through route such as a main line, branch line, or spur. It may connect to through track or to other sidings at either end. Sidings often have lighter rails, meant for lower speed or less heavy traffic, and few, if any, signals. Sidings connected at both ends to a running line are commonly known as loops; those not so connected may be referred to as single-ended or dead-end sidings, or (if short) stubs.
Richard Babington (Dean of Cork)
Richard  Babington (b Derry 4 February  1869 -  d Ipswich 11 December 1952) was Dean of Cork from 1914 to 1951.

Babington was educated at Foyle College and Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1892. After a curacy at Drumragh he was the Rector of Moville.

His son was Archdeacon of Exeter from 1958 to 1970.

Drumragh, County Tyrone
Drumragh is a civil parish and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on the right bank of the River Drumragh. Today, it is within the county town of Omagh. It has a Roman Catholic church; and a Church of Ireland one.
Submarine incident off Kildin Island
The submarine incident off Kildin Island was a collision between the US Navy nuclear submarine USS Baton Rouge and the Russian Navy nuclear submarine B-276 Kostroma near the Russian naval base of Severomorsk on 11 February 1992. The incident occurred while the US unit was engaged in a covert mission, apparently aimed at intercepting Russian military communications. Although most sources claim that the American submarine was trailing her Russian counterpart, some authors believe that neither Kostroma nor Baton Rouge had been able to locate each other before the collision.

USS Baton Rouge
USS Baton Rouge (SSN-689) was a Los Angeles-class nuclear-powered attack submarine which served with the United States Navy. With her keel laid down on 18 November 1972, Baton Rouge was launched on 26 April 1975. She became the second Los Angeles-class submarine to be commissioned, on 25 June 1977. In 1995, she was the first of her class to be decommissioned, after a collision with a Russian Sierra-class submarine.

Baton Rouge was the first and currently only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
2022 Minnesota State Auditor election
The 2022 Minnesota State Auditor election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the state auditor of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Incumbent DFLer Julie Blaha narrowly won re-election to a second term.

Blaha was challenged by Republican candidate Ryan Wilson, Grassroot–Legalize Cannabis Party candidate Will Finn, and Legal Marijuana Now Party candidate Tim Davis.

This election was the second-closest for Minnesota State Auditor ever, after 1934.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
1995 New York Yankees season
The 1995 New York Yankees season was the 93rd season for the Yankees, and their 71st playing home games at Yankee Stadium. Managed by Buck Showalter, the team finished with a record of 79–65, seven games behind the Boston Red Sox, and returned to postseason play for the first time since the 1981 season. They won the first American League Wild Card. In the Division Series, they squandered a 2–0 series lead, losing three straight games at the Kingdome to succumb to the Seattle Mariners in five games.

1995 Boston Red Sox season
The 1995 Boston Red Sox season was the 95th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished first in the American League East with a record of 86–58, as teams played 144 games (instead of the normal 162) due to the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike. The Red Sox were swept in 3 games to the American League Central champion Cleveland Indians in the ALDS.
Alberto Olmos
Alberto Olmos (born 1975) is a Spanish writer. Born in Segovia, he studied journalism. He published a total of eight novels to date; his debut novel A bordo del naufragio was nominated for the Premio Herralde. Other notable works include Trenes hacia Tokio, El Estatus and Ejército enemigo.

Besides being a successful novelist, Olmos was a pioneer of the Spanish-language literary critique on the internet. He wrote for the newspapers El Mundo, El País and ABC and the journals Qué Leer and Granta en español. In 2010, he was included in Granta magazine's "Best of Young Spanish Language Novelists" list. His books have been translated in Italian, Swedish and English.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Altmayer
Altmayer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Éric and Nicolas Altmayer, French film producers

René Altmayer (1882–1976), French general

Robert Altmayer (1875–1959), French army corps general

Victor Joseph Altmayer (1844–1908), French general

Victor Joseph Altmayer
Victor Joseph Altmayer (1844–1908) was a French general of German descent. He was the father of Robert Altmayer and René Altmayer, both also generals.

He was made a knight of the Légion d'honneur on 7 February 1871, an officer of the order on 5 June 1892. He was promoted to brigadier general and put in command of the 48th Infantry Brigade and the subdivisions of the Angoulême and Magnac-Laval regions on 18 May 1895. He held those posts until 14 August 1900, when he was made commander of 33rd Infantry Division and the sub-divisions of the Agen, Marmande, Cahors and Montauban regions.

He was made a divisional general on 8 March 1901 and a commander of the Légion d'honneur on 30 December 1902. He left his post as commander of 33rd Infantry Division and the related sub-divisions on 30 June 1906 to become commander of 12th Army Corps, a role he held until 1 December 1908. He was also a commander of the Order of Glory.
Minibeast
In the context of ecological literacy, arthropods and other small invertebrates are often referred to by informal names such as minibeasts, bugs, creepy crawlies (-ie and -y in the singular), or minifauna (contrasting with megafauna). The term is used for spiders, insects, woodlice, centipedes, slugs, snails, worms and many other animals.

Slug
Slug or land slug is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it).

Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite the superficial similarity in overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic.
Kawasaki H2 Mach IV
The Kawasaki H2 Mach IV is a 750 cc 3-cylinder two-stroke production motorcycle manufactured by Kawasaki. The H2 was a Kawasaki triple sold from September 1971 through 1975.

A standard, factory produced H2 was able to travel a quarter mile from a standing start in 12.0 seconds. It handled better than the Mach III that preceded it. By the standards of its time, its handling was sufficient to make it the production bike to beat on the race track. Nonetheless, its tendency to pull wheelies and a less than solid feel through high speed corners led to adjustments to the design as it evolved. More than any other model, it created Kawasaki's reputation for building what motorcycle journalist Alastair Walker called, "scarily fast, good-looking, no holds barred motorcycles", and led to a further decline in the market place of the British motorcycle industry.

Kawasaki Motors
Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. (カワサキモータース株式会社, Kawasaki Mōtāsu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the Kawasaki Aerospace Company (川策重工業汎用機カンパニー) and later the Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine Company (川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー). In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
WEZE
WEZE (590 AM) – branded 590 AM The Word – is a commercial Christian radio station licensed to Boston, Massachusetts, serving Greater Boston and much of surrounding New England. Owned by Salem Communications, WEZE is the Boston affiliate for the Salem Radio Network. The WEZE studios are located in the Boston suburb of North Quincy, and the station transmitter resides in neighboring Medford. Besides a standard analog transmission, WEZE is available online.

North Quincy, Massachusetts
North Quincy is a neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts.  It is separated from the city of Boston by the Neponset River, and borders the Quincy neighborhoods of Squantum, Montclair and Wollaston.  It contains the smaller neighborhoods of Atlantic (sometimes used as a metonym for North Quincy) and Norfolk Downs, as well as much of Wollaston Beach.
DO-232
DO-232 is an air traffic control software standard published by RTCA, Incorporated.

Flight Information Services (FIS) is defined as the non-control information needed by pilots to operate in the US National Airspace System (NAS) and internationally.  The timely, efficient exchange of FIS data is required for safety, efficiency and utility in aircraft operations.  Pilots, flight planners (e.g., pilots, dispatchers, schedulers), and controllers all need accurate, timely FIS data to plan (or re-plan) and assess the execution of flight operations.

Dispatcher
A dispatcher is a communications worker who receives and transmits information to coordinate operations of other personnel and vehicles carrying out a service. Emergency organizations including police departments, fire departments, and emergency medical services departments as well as civilian organizations such as motorcycle couriers, taxicab providers, trucking companies, railroads, bus systems, and public utility companies, use dispatchers to relay information, direct personnel, and coordinate their operations.