hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spinal osteoarthropathy
Spinal osteoarthropathy (also known as Charcot's disease) is a rare disease affecting reptiles (including snakes and lizards) which causes abnormal bone growth on vertebrae, giving the reptile a lumpy appearance. The growth of animals with this disease is limited (a python may only grow 2 feet (61 cm) long), and their life spans are greatly shortened.

The movement of reptiles with this ailment appears jittery and wooden, and the head movement will be greatly restricted. The condition worsens as the patient ages; the end result is a reptile fused together by its own bones. They are usually euthanized well before this stage, but in general these animals can live their short lives comfortably with little pain.
Spinal osteoarthropathy can also occur in humans.

Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs. Reasons for euthanasia include terminal, incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control.

In domesticated animals, the discussion of animal euthanasia may be substituted with euphemisms, such as "put down" or "put to sleep" to make the wording less harsh.
Roy Milum
Roy Wamon Milum Sr. (January 16, 1883 – May 19, 1963) was a businessman and state senator in Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas Senate from 1923 to 1945 and again from 1953 until 1962. He was President of the Arkansas Senate in 1939. He was a Democrat. He was referred to as the dean of the Arkansas Senate, and no one had served in it longer at the time of his death.

He was from Lead Hill and graduated from the University of Arkansas.

He lived in Harrison, Arkansas. He married Audra Connerly and had four children.

Harrison, Arkansas
Harrison is a city in the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas, United States. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a surveyor who laid out the city along Crooked Creek at Stifler Springs. As of the 2020 census, Harrison had a population of 13,069. It is the 30th largest city in Arkansas based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Harrison is the principal city of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Boone and Newton counties.

The community has a history of racism; there were two race riots in the early 20th century and an influx of white supremacist organizations during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Carl's Jr.
Carl's Jr. Restaurants LLC is an American fast-food restaurant chain owned by CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc., who also owns Hardee's, with franchisees in North and South America, Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa.

In 2016, Entrepreneur listed Carl's Jr. as No. 54 on their Top Franchise 500 list, which ranks the overall financial strength, stability, and growth rate for the top 500 franchises in any field across the United States.

As of March 2016, CKE (the parent company of Carl's Jr. and Hardee's) has a total of 3,664 franchised or company-operated restaurants in 44 states (both chains are totally absent from New England) and 38 foreign countries and U.S. territories.

Franchise 500
The Franchise 500 is an annual ranking of the top 500 franchising companies in the U.S. and Canada, compiled by Entrepreneur magazine through a submission and review process. The ranking is based on an evaluation of each company's costs and fees, size and growth, franchisee support, brand strength, and financial strength and stability. The list includes both public and privately held companies, and has been published annually since 1980.
Annamarie Phelps
Annamarie Phelps CBE (née Stapleton, born 24 May 1966), is a British rower and sports administrator. She competed in the women's eight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was Chairman of British Rowing from 2013 to 2018, and became Vice-Chairman of the British Olympic Association in 2017. She was chair of the British Horseracing Authority from June 2019 to June 2022.

Phelps was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours, for services to rowing.

British Rowing
British Rowing, formerly the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA), is the national governing body for the sport of rowing (both indoor and on-water rowing). It is responsible for the training and selection of individual rowers and crews representing Great Britain and England, and for participation in and the development of rowing in England. Scottish Rowing (formerly SARA) and Welsh Rowing (formerly WARA) oversee governance in their respective nations, organise their own teams for the Home International Regatta and input to the GB team organisation.

British Rowing is a member of the British Olympic Association and the World Rowing Federation (formerly FISA).
Shivesh Kumar
Shivesh Kumar or Shivesh Ram is former member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the state of Bihar, India, who was elected in the 2010 Bihar legislative assembly election representing the Agiaon constituency for the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He lost the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Sasaram on BJP symbol.

2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
The Bihar legislative assembly election, 2010 was held in six phases over a period of one month starting from 21 October until 20 November in all 243 constituencies of Bihar, India. The election is conducted to elect the government in Bihar for a five-year term. The votes were scheduled to be counted on 24 November.
Sign of the Winner
Sign of the Winner is the second full-length album by the French power metal band Heavenly. It was released on 24 September 2001 by Noise Records.

The album was rated an 8 out of 10 by Metal Temple Magazine.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Fort Wicked
Fort Wicked was a ranch and stage station on the Overland Trail (South Platte Trail) from 1864 to 1868 in present-day Merino, Colorado. A historical marker commemorating the ranch is located at US 6 and CR-2.5. The ranch itself was located near a ford of the South Platte River, near where US-6 now crosses over the river. Fort Wicked was one of the few places along the trail to Denver that withstood an attack by Lakota (Souix), Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native Americans (Indians) in the Colorado War of 1864. It was named Fort Wicked for the "bitter defence" made by Holon Godfrey, his family, and his employees.

Merino, Colorado
The Town of Merino is a Statutory Town in Logan County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 281 at the 2020 United States census.

The town was named for the merino sheep which grazed there.
Giunio Bruto
Giunio Bruto (Italian, Junius Brutus) is a two-act opera seria in two acts by Domenico Cimarosa to a libretto by Eschilo Acanzio, composed in 1781.

The opera was premiered in 1781 at the opening of Teatro Filarmonico in Verona. During the next two years further performances were given at Genoa, Siena and Pisa. In 1788, Joseph Haydn produced the opera at Esterháza; but despite a lavish staging and alterations to the score by Haydn himself, the production was not successful.

The plot revolves around the love between Lucius Junius Brutus's son Titus and Tullia (named Tarquinia in real life), the daughter of Tarquinius, the last king of Rome, whom Brutus had supplanted.

Teatro Filarmonico
The Teatro Filarmonico is the main opera theater in Verona, Italy, and is one of the leading opera houses in Europe. The Teatro Filarmonico is property of the Accademia Filarmonica di Verona. Having been built in 1716, and later rebuilt after a fire of January 21, 1749, and again after the allied bombing of February 23, 1945.
Mark Nordlicht
Mark (Meir) Nordlicht (born 1968) is the founder and former chief investment officer of (now defunct) Platinum Partners, a U.S. based hedge fund, which came to be known for its investment strategies becoming the subject of a series of controversial and legal actions. In a high-profile case, Nordlicht asserted that government prosecutors leaked that he ran a “Ponzi scheme”, a notion rejected by the court. Nordlicht was convicted of securities fraud.

Securities fraud
Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information.  The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally result in unfair monetary losses for the investors. They are generally violating securities laws.

Securities fraud can also include outright theft from investors (embezzlement by stockbrokers), stock manipulation, misstatements on a public company's financial reports, and lying to corporate auditors. The term encompasses a wide range of other actions, including insider trading, front running and other illegal acts on the trading floor of a stock or commodity exchange.
Jordan Case
Jordan Case (born January 6, 1957) is a former Canadian football quarterback in the Canadian Football League (CFL) who played for the Ottawa Rough Riders. He played college football for the North Texas Mean Green. In 2001, Case was inducted into the North Texas Athletics Hall of Fame.

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Wilfried Bingangoye
Wilfried Bingangoye (born March 25, 1985) is a Gabonese sprinter, specializing in the 100 metres. His personal best time is 10.34 seconds, achieved in August 2009 in Castres.

Participating in the 2004 Summer Olympics, he achieved eighth place in his 100 metres heat, failing to secure qualification to the second round. He did however run his then personal best time of 10.76 seconds. He also competed at the World Championships in 2005, 2007 and 2009. He finished sixth at the 2008 African Championships. Participating in the 2008 Summer Olympics, he achieved sixth place in his 100 metres heat, failing to secure qualification to the second round.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished third in his preliminary round heat, failing to progress further. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he finished fifth in his preliminary round heat, and did not advance. Bingangoye has not recorded further competitive results in major international meets.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was of one of 23 track events of the athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens. It was contested at the Athens Olympic Stadium, from August 21 to 22, by a total of 82 sprinters from 62 nations. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress.

The event was won by Justin Gatlin of the United States, the nation's second consecutive title and 16th overall in the event. Portugal earned its first medal in the men's 100 metres, with Francis Obikwelu's silver. The final was the fastest and most disputed in Olympic history, with six runners covering the distance in 10.00 seconds or less (four of them under the 9.90 mark), and the gold and bronze medalist athletes separated by 0.02 seconds.

The medals for the competition were presented by Juan Antonio Samaranch, IOC Honorary President for Life, Spain; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Lamine Diack, IAAF President, Senegal.
Thomas David Petite
Thomas David Petite (born May 30, 1956) is an American inventor. He is Native American and a member of the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa tribe. He is also a founder of the Native American Intellectual Property Enterprise Council, a non-profit organization helping Native American inventors and communities.

Petite has more than 100 US patents pending, dating back to 1995 on ad hoc networks. A listing of some of his inventions can found at Patent Genius or by a search at The US Patent Office. 
Petite is considered to be a visionary scientist/engineer, with business knowledge skills. His early inventions seem to demonstrate a foresight to see the technology curve with business values.

Ad hoc network
An ad hoc network refers to technologies that allow network communications on an ad hoc basis. Associated technologies include:

Wireless ad hoc network

Mobile ad hoc network

Vehicular ad hoc network
Intelligent vehicular ad hoc network

Protocols associated with ad hoc networking
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Ad Hoc Configuration Protocol

Smart phone ad hoc network

Ad hoc wireless distribution service
USS SC-18
USS SC-18, until July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 18 or USS S.C. 18, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

SC-18 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned on 10 November 1917 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 18, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 18.

When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, Submarine Chaser No. 18 was classified as SC-18 and her name was shortened to USS SC-18.

Sometime in 1920, the Navy transferred SC-18 to the United States Department of War for service with the United States Army.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
Saint Fachanan
Saint Fachanan (also known as Fachtna), belonged to the ancient princely race of the Corcu Loígde.

Very little is known with certainty about Fachanan. He is linked by a strong early tradition with Kilfenora, where he founded a monastery in the sixth century. He is venerated as the first Bishop of Kilfenora. In the Roman Catholic Church, this diocese is now administered by the Diocese of Galway and in the Anglican church by the Diocese of Limerick and Killaloe.

His feast day is 20 December.

Saint Fachtna of Ross (feast day: formerly 14 August, now 13 August) was also called Fachanan.

Corcu Loígde
The Corcu Loígde (Corcu Lóegde, Corco Luigde, Corca Laoighdhe, Laidhe), meaning Gens of the Calf Goddess, also called the Síl Lugdach meic Itha, were a kingdom centred in West County Cork who descended from the proto-historical rulers of Munster, the Dáirine, of whom they were the central royal sept. They took their name from Lugaid Loígde "Lugaid of the Calf Goddess", a King of Tara and High King of Ireland, son of the great Dáire Doimthech (a quo Dáirine). A descendant of Lugaid Loígde, and their most famous ancestor, is the legendary Lugaid Mac Con, who is listed in the Old Irish Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig. Closest kin to the Corcu Loígde were the Dál Fiatach princes of the Ulaid.
James B. Ranck Jr.
James B. Ranck Jr. (born 1930) is a distinguished professor of Physiology at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center. His research involves recording from single neurons in living animals for behavioral studies. He discovered head-direction cells in 1984.

SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
The SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (formerly The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn) is a public medical school in Brooklyn, New York City. The university includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies and School of Public Health.

It is one of seven medical schools located in New York City and the sole medical school in the borough of Brooklyn, serving its 2.6 million residents.
The Reluctant Shaman and Other Fantastic Tales
The Reluctant Shaman and Other Fantastic Tales is a collection of short stories by American science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, first published in paperback by Pyramid Books in November 1970. An E-book edition was published by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011 as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form. The pieces were originally published between 1939 and 1958 in the magazines Thrilling Wonder Stories, Unknown, and Fantastic Universe. The collection has also been translated into French and German.

The book contains short fantasies by the author, most of them with contemporary settings, although the final piece is one of his "Pusadian" tales set in an antediluvian world patterned after Robert E. Howard's Hyborian Age.

L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/; November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books,  including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.
AtoC RNA motif
The  atoC RNA motif is a conserved RNA-like structure identified by bioinformatics.  It consistently appears upstream of protein-coding gene that are predicted to encode oxidoreductase activity, dihydropteroate synthase (part of folate metabolism) or DNA-binding response regulators.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
Raoul II of Brienne (1315 – 19 November 1350) was the son of Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu and Guînes and Jeanne de Mello. He succeeded his father in 1344 as Count of Eu and Guînes, as well as in his post as Constable of France.

In 1340, he married Catherine (d. 1388), the daughter of Louis II, Baron de Vaud. They had no children; one illegitimate son, Jean du Bois, Lord of la Maison Forte, was legitimized as Raoul's in 1395, although his actual genealogy is disputed. He was second cousin to Enguerrand VII.

In 1346, he was captured at Caen during the battle by Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and kept prisoner. In 1350, he was allowed to return to France to attempt to raise money for his ransom. Upon his arrival, he was seized and summarily executed by decapitation without any due process under orders of John II of France, for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged Thomas his castle and the County of Guînes for his release.

Guînes
Guînes (French pronunciation: [ɡin]; West Flemish: Giezene; Picard: Guinne) is a commune in the northern French department of Pas-de-Calais. Historically, it was spelt Guisnes.

On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, completed the first aerial crossing of the English Channel, landing in the woods south of Guînes, where a memorial column stands today.
What the Health
What the Health is a 2017 American documentary film that advocates for a plant-based diet. It critiques the health effects of meat, dairy product and egg consumption, and questions the practices of leading health and pharmaceutical organizations. Some have also criticised the film, arguing that there are scientific inaccuracies.

Plant-based diet
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. It encompasses a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of fiber-rich plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices. Plant-based diets may also be vegan or vegetarian, but do not have to be, as they are defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency of animal food consumption.
Bishan East
Bishan East (Chinese: 碧山东) is a subzone within the planning area of Bishan, Singapore, as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). Its boundary is made up of Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 in the north; Bishan Road in the west; Braddell Road in the south; and the Central Expressway (CTE) in the east.

Bishan East is where the town centre of Bishan New Town is located. Landmarks in the subzone include Bishan MRT station, Bishan Bus Interchange, Bishan Stadium, Bishan Public Library, Bishan Community Club and Junction 8.

Bishan Bus Interchange
Bishan Bus Interchange is a bus interchange serving Bishan, Singapore. The interchange commenced passenger service as Bishan Bus Terminal in 1988, with Services 56 and 58. Located at Bishan Street 13, it is designed in a unique squarish configuration with the building wrapping around the bus parking area.

The Ministry of Education Language Centre (MOELC) lies across the field to the north. Passengers are also able to transfer to Bishan MRT station on the Circle line from an entrance located right outside the interchange.
Pinder, New Brunswick
Pinder is a Canadian community in York County, New Brunswick at the intersection of Route 595 and Route 605 on the Nackawic River.

It is adjacent to the community of Temperance Vale and was named for sawmill owner and member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, James K. Pinder. It is located 5.71 km NNE of Nackawic.

A post office was established here in 1912, which was removed in 1938. It also had a Canadian Pacific Railway station.

Officially, it is part of Temperance Vale.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".