hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History index model
In statistical analysis, the standard framework of varying coefficient models (also known as concurrent regression models), where the current value of a response process is modeled in dependence on the current value of a predictor process, is disadvantageous when it is assumed that past and present values of the predictor process influence current response. In contrast to these approaches, the history index model includes the effect of recent past values of the predictor through the history index function. Specifically, the influence of past predictor values is modeled by a smooth history index functions, while the effects on the response are described by smooth varying coefficient functions.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Er. Basant Kushwaha
Er. Basant Kushwaha (Nepali: ई. बसन्त कुशवाहा; born 13 October 1978) is a Nepalese politician, electrical engineer, and Madheshi rights activist. On 31 December 2025, Kushwaha was appointed Minister for Sports and Social Welfare in the Madhesh provincial government.
. He has served as Central Senior Vice President of the Janamat Party since its founding in 2019 and has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province since 2023.

He served as a provincial minister twice: as Minister for Industry, Commerce and Tourism (May–September 2025) and Minister for Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives (January–May 2023). A former UAE-based hotel engineer, he was awarded Engineer of the Year in October 2016 for energy conservation.

In October 2025, he represented Janamat in the federal tripartite dialogue with Gen-Z protesters and major parties to draft national reforms.

Madhesh Provincial Assembly
The Madhesh Provincial Assembly (Nepali/Maithili/Bhojpuri: मधेश प्रदेश सभा) is a unicameral governing and law making body of Madhesh Province, one of the seven Provinces in Nepal, The assembly is seated in the provincial capital at Janakpur in Dhanusha District. The assembly has 107 members, 64 of whom are elected through single-member constituencies and 43 of whom are elected through the party list proportional representation system. They are elected for five-year terms unless the assembly is dissolved earlier.
IPS Diaries
IPS Diaries is a crime based show airing on Doordarshan since October 2015. It is anchored by actress Kavita Chaudhary, shown as a retired cop in the series. It features true crime stories, which are televised for the audience.

DD National
DD National (formerly DD1) is an Indian state-owned entertainment television channel, founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It is the flagship channel of Doordarshan, launched 
on 15 September 1959. India's public service broadcaster, and the oldest and most widely available terrestrial television channel in India.
Oliver Partington
Oliver Partington (born 3 September 1998) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop and loose forward for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League and the England Knights at international level.

He has previously played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Wigan at the Swinton Lions in the Championship, and the London Skolars in Betfred League 1.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Thru Your Phone
"Thru Your Phone" is a song recorded by American rapper Cardi B for her debut studio album Invasion of Privacy (2018). It was written by Cardi B, Jordan Thorpe, Justin Tranter, Alexandra Tamposi, and its producers Benny Blanco and Andrew Wotman, with additional production from Louis Bell. "Thru Your Phone" entered at number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100 the week following the album's release. The song was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Louis Bell
Louis Russell Bell (born May 27, 1982) is an American record producer, vocal producer, songwriter, and mixing engineer. His work includes production for Post Malone, Camila Cabello, Halsey, Justin Bieber, Miley Cyrus, 5 Seconds of Summer, Taylor Swift, Juice Wrld, DJ Khaled, Kanye West and Frank Dukes among others. A producer and writer specializing in various genres, Bell has been credited on 22 songs that have peaked within the Billboard Hot 100's top ten, including 10 number ones. Billboard called Bell's impact on the top of the charts "historic" and labeled him "pop's most prolific, accomplished and untethered freelancer of 2019".
William Bernard McCabe
William Bernard McCabe (1801–1891) was an Irish author of historical romances. Born in Dublin, he worked as a journalist for local newspapers before moving to London in 1833. He was employed by The Morning Chronicle and The Morning Herald to provide coverage of parliamentary debates and to review new books. He published A Catholic History of England in 1847–54. McCabe's's historical novels include Florine, Princess of Burgundy (1855) and Adelaide, Queen of Italy (1856). After retiring, he settled in Brittany.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Shin Hpa of Pagan
Shin Hpa (Burmese: ရှင်ဘား, pronounced [ʃɪ̀ɴ pʰá]) was a queen consort of King Narathihapate of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). She was the mother of King Kyawswa of Pagan; the paternal grandmother of King Uzana I of Pinya and Queen Saw Hnaung of Sagaing; and a great grandmother of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava. Through Uzana, she was an ancestor of Toungoo kings Mingyi Nyo, Tabinshwehti and Nanda. Through Saw Hnaung, she was an ancestor of Sagaing kings from Kyaswa to Tarabya II as well as King Thado Minbya of Ava. Through Swa Saw Ke, she was an ancestor of Ava kings from Swa to Thihathu, as well as Toungoo kings from Bayinnaung to Mahadhammaraza Dipadi.

Thado Minbya
Thado Minbya (Burmese: သတိုးမင်းဖျား, pronounced [ðədó mɪ́ɰ̃bjá]; 7 December 1345 – c. 3 September 1367) was the founder of the Kingdom of Ava. In his three plus years of reign (1364–67), the king laid the foundation for the reunification of Central Burma, which had been split into Pinya and Sagaing kingdoms since 1315. He also founded the capital city of Ava (Inwa) in 1365, which would remain the country's capital for most of the following five centuries. The young king restored order in central Burma, and tried to stamp out corrupt Buddhist clergy. He died of smallpox while on a southern military expedition in September 1367.

The 21-year-old king left no heirs. He was succeeded by his brother-in-law Swa Saw Ke.
2 Chronicles 18
2 Chronicles 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia  (2 Chronicles 10 to 36). The focus of this chapter (as all chapters from 17 to 20) is the reign of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah.

Jehoshaphat
Jehoshaphat (/dʒəˈhɒʃəfæt/; alternatively spelled Jehosaphat, Jehosophat, Josaphat, or Yehoshafat; Hebrew: יְהוֹשָׁפָט, Modern: Yəhōšafaṭ, Tiberian: Yŏhōšāp̄āṭ, "Yahweh has judged"; Greek: Ἰωσαφάτ, romanized: Iosafát; Latin: Josaphat), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the son of Asa, and the fourth king of the Kingdom of Judah, in succession to his father. His children included Jehoram, who succeeded him as king. His mother was Azubah. Historically, his name has sometimes been connected with the Valley of Josaphat.
Anybody Seen My Baby?
"Anybody Seen My Baby?" is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones, released as the first single from their 21st British and 23rd American studio album, Bridges to Babylon (1997). It was written by band vocalist Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards, and writing credits were added for k.d. lang and Ben Mink due to the similarities the chorus possesses with lang's 1992 hit "Constant Craving".

"Anybody Seen My Baby?" peaked at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart to become the band's 38th top-40 hit in their home country. It was more successful abroad, topping the  European Radio Top 50 and RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart in Canada, and reaching the top 20 in several European countries, including Hungary and Spain. In the United States, it peaked at number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number two on the Triple-A chart.

Jamie Muhoberac
Benjamin Edward "Jamie" Muhoberac (born September 11, 1965) is an American session keyboardist with numerous credits. He is best known for his work with Seal and Was (Not Was). He is a touring member of New Jersey rock band My Chemical Romance.
Zhengzhou Foxconn protests
The Zhengzhou Foxconn protests, officially referred to by Foxconn Technology Group as the "Zhengzhou Mass Gathering Incident", began in November 2022. These protests, strikes, and violent clashes were initiated and participated in by some employees at the Zhengzhou factory in Henan Province, China, a subsidiary of Foxconn Technology Group (known as Foxconn in mainland China), in response to Foxconn Technology Group's breach of contract and the Chinese government's "dynamic zero-COVID" policy.

Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Strikes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic due to many factors including: hazard pay or low pay, unsafe working conditions (due to poor social distancing or a lack of personal protective equipment), inability to pay rent. These strikes are separate from the various protests that occurred over responses to the pandemic.
ManKind Project
ManKind Project (MKP) is a global network of nonprofit organizations focused on modern male initiation, self-awareness, and personal growth. MKP offers an intensive men's weekend (New Warrior Training Adventure), post-weekend "integration" training, and ongoing men's groups.

Internal validity
Internal validity is the extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study. It is one of the most important properties of scientific studies and is an important concept in reasoning about evidence more generally. Internal validity is determined by how well a study can rule out alternative explanations for its findings (usually, sources of systematic error or 'bias'). It contrasts with external validity, the extent to which results can justify conclusions about other contexts (that is, the extent to which results can be generalized). Both internal and external validity can be described using qualitative or quantitative forms of causal notation.
Gällivare Municipality
Gällivare Municipality (Swedish: Gällivare kommun; Northern Sami: Jiellevárri gielda or Váhčira gielda; Meänkieli: Jellivaaran kunta; Finnish: Jällivaaran kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is Gällivare. It is the third largest municipality in Sweden. Gällivare Lapland Airport is the only airport in the region able to accommodate commercial fixed-wing aircraft; as such, it is a popular destination for hikers wishing to visit the Sarek and Padjelanta national parks.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Space-filling curve
In mathematical analysis, a space-filling curve is a curve whose range reaches every point in a higher dimensional region, typically the unit square (or more generally an n-dimensional unit hypercube). Because Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932) was the first to discover one, space-filling curves in the 2-dimensional plane are sometimes called Peano curves, but that phrase also refers to the Peano curve, the specific example of a space-filling curve found by Peano.

The closely related FASS curves (FASS is an acronym for "approximately space-Filling, self-Avoiding, Simple, and Self-similar" curves)
can be thought of as finite approximations of a certain type of space-filling curves.

Range of a function
In mathematics, the range of a function may refer either to the codomain of the function, or the image of the function. 
In some cases the codomain and the image of a function are the same set; such a function is called surjective or onto. For any non-surjective function  the codomain  and the image  are different; however, a new function can be defined with the original function's image as its codomain,  where  This new function is surjective.
Gawad Urian Award
The Gawad Urian Awards are annual film awards in the Philippines presented since 1977 by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (transl. Filipino Film Critics), an organization composed of film critic, writers, and scholars. It is the regarded as the highest award for a film given by critics in the Philippines and is seen as the counterpart of the United States' New York Film Critics Circle.

The name "Gawad Urian" is from Tagalog terms urian (a standard for gold) and gawad (award). It is the only major award-giving body in the Philippines to use the vernacular in awards shows and in the presentation of the awards. The official name for the Best Film category is Pinakamahusay na Pelikula, for example.

Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon?
Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon? (lit. 'This Was How We Were Then... How Are You Doing Now?') is a 1976 Philippine period drama film directed by Eddie Romero from a story and screenplay he co-wrote with Roy C. Iglesias. Set in the end of Spanish colonization and the beginning of American colonization in the Philippines, it stars Christopher de Leon and Gloria Diaz in the lead roles. The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th Academy Awards but was not accepted as a nominee.

In 2013, ABS-CBN Film Archives, in partnership with Central Digital Lab, digitally restored and remastered the film and was subsequently released in select theaters for a limited period. The digitally restored version was also released on DVD and iTunes.
LaVerne Krause
LaVerne Erickson Krause (1924–1987) was an American artist. She founded the University of Oregon printmaking program and taught there for twenty years, creating more than ten thousand paintings and prints in her lifetime. An advocate for artists' economic and working conditions, she was instrumental in founding the Oregon chapter of the Artists Equity Association and served as president of the national Artists Equity. She is "recognized for her outstanding contributions as an educator, studio artist, and arts activist".

Arlene Schnitzer
Arlene Schnitzer (née Director; January 10, 1929 – April 4, 2020) was an American arts patron and philanthropist. She was the founder and director of the Fountain Gallery, established in Portland to showcase artists in the Pacific Northwest. She is the namesake of the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, a performing arts center in Portland, Oregon.
Dagni
Dagni (Russian: Дагни; Tabassaran: Дагьни) is a rural locality (a selo) in Guriksky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  315 (2010 Census); 374 (2002 Census); 257 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets.

Tabasaransky District
Tabasaransky District (Russian: Табасаранский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 801 square kilometers (309 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khuchni. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,886, with the population of Khuchni accounting for 6.1% of that number.
New Society of Artists
The New Society of Artists was formed in London in 1921. Its primary aim was to give a chance for artists whose work had not been accepted by the Royal Academy (RA) to exhibit their work in London and, later, in the provinces. In 1932 it became the United Society of Artists. The last known exhibition was in Margate in June 2017.

Gordon Coutts
Gordon Harrower Coutts (3 October 1868 – 21 February 1937) was a Scottish artist internationally known for his desert landscapes, Moroccan figures, portraits, and nudes. He spent time in Australia, Morocco, and the United States.
2017 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship – Doubles
Stefan Kozlov and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Sanchai Ratiwatana and Christopher Rungkat won the title after defeating Kevin King and Bradley Klahn 7–6(7–4), 6–2 in the final.

Bradley Klahn
Bradley Klahn (born August 20, 1990) is an American former professional tennis player from Poway, California.

Klahn played collegiate tennis at Stanford University, where he won the 2010 NCAA Singles Championships as a sophomore.  His next year as a junior, he was a finalist in the NCAA Doubles Championship.  He played at the 2010 US Open, taking a set from 20th seed Sam Querrey before being defeated in four sets. Klahn received a wild card into the 2011 SAP Open. He underwent back surgery in February 2015 and did not resume playing until late 2016, accepting a wild card into qualifying for the Challenger event in Champaign-Urbana and winning three matches to reach the main draw, where he defeated Sam Groth in the first round and Tennys Sandgren in the second before falling to Jared Donaldson in the quarterfinals.
Phyllonorycter myricae
Phyllonorycter myricae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. In 2000, it was studied in Hawaii as a potential biological control agent for Myrica faya.

The larvae feed on Myrica faya. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Bruno Cenghialta
Bruno Cenghialta (born 5 December 1962) is a retired Italian professional road bicycle racer.

Cenghialta was born at Montecchio Maggiore. After his cycling career, Cenghialta became directeur sportif. From 2006 Cenghialta was directeur sportif of Acqua & Sapone–Caffè Mokambo. In 2014 Cenghialta joined Team Tinkoff–Saxo.

Montecchio Maggiore
Montecchio Maggiore (Venetian: Montécio Majore) is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is situated approximately 12 kilometres (7 miles) west of Vicenza and 43 km (27 miles) east of Verona; SP 246 provincial road passes through it.

Montecchio Maggiore borders the following municipalities: Altavilla Vicentina, Arzignano, Brendola, Castelgomberto, Montebello Vicentino, Montorso Vicentino, Sovizzo, Trissino, Zermeghedo.
Manuel Moretti
Juan Manuel Moretti (born December 28, 1965), known professionally as Manuel Moretti, is an Argentine singer, musician, and songwriter. He is the lead vocalist, primary songwriter, and founding member of the Argentine rock band Estelares, a group that has maintained continuous activity since the mid-1990s and has received sustained coverage in national Argentine media.

Estelares
Estelares is an Argentine alternative rock band formed in 1994 in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded by vocalist and songwriter Manuel Moretti, guitarist Víctor Bertamoni, and bassist Pali Silvera. Since the mid-1990s, the band has released multiple studio and live albums and has remained active in the Argentine rock scene. The band gained wide recognition with the album Sistema Nervioso Central and the single “Aire,” which became one of their most iconic tracks.
Polarisation strategy
The polarisation strategy was a political strategy in the Netherlands used by the Labour Party (PvdA) from 1966 to the 1980s. With this strategy, the party aimed to emphasise the differences with the confessional parties, particularly the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and its successor Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). By highlighting these differences, the party attempted to create a division in Dutch politics based on conservative versus progressive lines. The intellectual father of the strategy was Ed van Thijn.

Ed van Thijn
Eduard van Thijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːdyʋɑrt ˈɛt fɑn ˈtɛin]; 16 August 1934 – 19 December 2021) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and historian. He was a member of the Municipal Council of Amsterdam (1962–1971), member of the House of Representatives (1967–1981; 1982–1983), Minister of the Interior (1981–1982; 1994), Mayor of Amsterdam (1983–1994), and member of the Senate (1999–2007).

Van Thijn was also a prolific author, having written more than a dozen books since 1977 about politics, the history of the Jews during World War II, the history of socialism and several autobiographies. He was known for his abilities as a manager and policy wonk. He continued to comment on political affairs until his retirement in 2017 and holds the distinction as the longest-serving Mayor of Amsterdam after World War II with 10 years.
CDC 1700
The CDC 1700 is a 16-bit word minicomputer, manufactured by the Control Data Corporation with deliveries beginning in May 1966.

Over the years there were several versions.  The original 1700 was constructed using air-cooled CDC 6600-like cordwood logic modules and core memory, although later models used different technology.  The final models, called Cyber-18, added four general-purpose registers and a number of instructions to support a time-sharing operating system.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.