hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad Salahuddin
Muhammad Salahuddin (born on 8 September 1948) is a Pakistani former wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 90 kg event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. At the 1978 Asian Games he won a bronze medal in the same weight division.

1978 Asian Games
The 8th Asian Games (Thai: กีฬาเอเชียนเกมส์ครั้งที่ 8), also known as Bangkok 1978 (Thai: กรุงเทพมหานคร 1978), were held from 9 to 20 December  1978, in Bangkok, Thailand. Originally, the host city was Singapore but Singapore dropped its plan to host the Games due to financial problems. Then Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, was decided to host the 8th Games.  But Islamabad also dropped its plan to host the Asian Games due to conflicts with Bangladesh and India. The Imperial State of Iran withdrew because of the Iranian revolution.

Thailand offered to help and the Asiad therefore was held in Bangkok. On the political front, Israel was expelled from the Asian Games. A total number of 3,842 athletes, coming from 25 countries, competed in these Asian Games. Debuting sports were archery and bowling.
1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's pentathlon
The women's pentathlon event  at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 12 March. Held for the first time, pentathlon was a non-championship event at this edition and the medals awarded did not count towards the total medal status.

Irina Belova of Russia had originally won the gold medal but was later disqualified for doping.

1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 4th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Skydome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from March 12 to March 14, 1993. It was the last Indoor Championships to feature the 5,000 and 3,000 metres race walk events. In addition, it was the first Indoor Championships to include heptathlon and pentathlon, albeit as non-championship events. There were a total number of 537 athletes participated from 93 countries.
Sondul Chapouk
Sondul Chapouk was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States' 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was the only Turk and one of only three women in the council. A member of the Turkoman minority from the city of Kirkuk, Chapouk is also the head of the Iraqi Women's Organization and  is an engineer and teacher by training.

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.
Portugal men's national handball team
The Portugal men's national handball team is governed by the Portuguese Handball Federation and represents Portugal in international men's handball matches. They have appeared six times in the World Championship, reaching an all-time best fourth place in 2025, and nine times in the European Championship, with a fifth place in 2026 as their best result. The team participated for the first time in the Olympic handball tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, finishing in ninth place.

Handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's handball tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics was the 14th edition of the handball event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held from 24 July to 7 August 2021. All games were played at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan.

It was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of this pandemic, the games were played behind closed doors.

The final was a rematch of the previous between Denmark and France. After Denmark won 28–26 in the 2016 final, France got the upper hand with a 25–23 win this time. Spain won the bronze medal match against Egypt.

This meant that France won both gold medals as the first team since 1984.

The medals for the competition were presented by Jean-Christophe Rolland, IOC Member, Olympian, one Gold medal and one Bronze medal, France; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Joël Delplanque, IHF 1st Vice-President, France.
1997 Australian Open – Women's singles
Martina Hingis defeated Mary Pierce in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1997 Australian Open. It was her first major singles title, becoming the first Swiss to win a singles major. Hingis did not lose a set during the tournament. At the age of 16 years and three months, she remains the youngest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era, and the youngest since Lottie Dod at the 1887 Wimbledon Championships.

Monica Seles was the reigning champion, but did not compete that year.

Steffi Graf's 45-match major winning streak ended (dating to the 1995 French Open) when she was defeated by Amanda Coetzer in the fourth round.

1995 French Open – Women's singles
Steffi Graf defeated defending champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–0 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1995 French Open. It was her fourth French Open singles title and 16th major singles title overall. Sánchez Vicario lost the world No. 1 ranking to Graf following the tournament, and would never recapture it.

The match between Virginie Buisson and Noëlle van Lottum was the longest women's match at a major at the time, spanning 4 hours and 7 minutes. This record would later be broken by Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová and Regina Kulikova in the 2010 Australian Open.

The tournament marked the first major appearance of future world No. 1 and two-time major champion Amélie Mauresmo.
Irene de Kok
Irene Margreta Maria de Kok (born 29 August 1963 in Eindhoven, North Brabant) is a retired judoka from the Netherlands, who is a two-fold world-champion and represented Netherlands at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

There de Kok won a bronze medal in the women's half-heavyweight division (‍–‍72 kg), alongside Laetitia Meignan from France. She was named Dutch Sportswoman of the Year in 1987 after having claimed her second world title.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
Constitutional Pilsener
The Constitutional Pilsener (Estonian: Põhiseaduse Pilsner) was a beer brand brewed by A. Le Coq in 2007, in celebration of the fifteenth anniversary of Estonia's 1992 constitution and introduced in cooperation with the Estonian Ministry of Justice.

The beer was a bottom-fermented pale lager with an alcohol content of 4.2% by volume.

The competing Saku Õlletehas has denounced this approach, claiming that a pilsener is too cheap a brand of beer to be associated with the Constitution.

The leader of the Estonian Beer Association (Estonian: Eesti Õlleliit), Cardo Remmel, has expressed disagreement with Saku Õlletehas' position and approved the idea of promoting awareness of the Constitution using a beer brand.

In its editorial, Eesti Päevaleht pointed out the hypocrisy of Saku Õlletehas' position, as the latter has been producing a Presidential Pilsener for several years.

Pilsner
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (German: Pilsen), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery.
Naoki Motomura
Naoki Motomura (本村直樹 , born 11 April 1992) is a Japanese rugby sevens player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was named as a traveling reserve for Japan to the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Rugby sevens at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's rugby sevens tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held at Stade de France, which also served as a host stadium of the 2023 Rugby World Cup. The tournament was played over three match days from 24 to 27 July 2024, with no matches on 26 July due to the Olympics opening ceremony. The French hosts defeated reigning champions Fiji in the final to win their first ever Olympic title in the event.
Binomial type
In mathematics, a polynomial sequence, i.e., a sequence of polynomials indexed by non-negative integers  in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree, is said to be of binomial type if it satisfies the sequence of identities

Many such sequences exist.  The set of all such sequences forms a Lie group under the operation of umbral composition, explained below. Every sequence of binomial type may be expressed in terms of the Bell polynomials. Every sequence of binomial type is a Sheffer sequence (but most Sheffer sequences are not of binomial type).  Polynomial sequences put on firm footing the vague 19th century notions of umbral calculus.

Bell number
In combinatorial mathematics, the Bell numbers count the possible partitions of a set. These numbers have been studied by mathematicians since the 19th century, and their roots go back to medieval Japan. In an example of Stigler's law of eponymy, they are named after Eric Temple Bell, who wrote about them in the 1930s.

The Bell numbers are denoted , where  is an integer greater than or equal to zero. Starting with , the first few Bell numbers are

(sequence A000110 in the OEIS).

The Bell number  counts the different ways to partition a set that has exactly  elements, or equivalently, the equivalence relations on it.  also counts the different rhyme schemes for -line poems.

As well as appearing in counting problems, these numbers have a different interpretation, as moments of probability distributions. In particular,  is the -th moment of a Poisson distribution with mean 1.
David Matthews (runner)
David Matthews (born 9 April 1974) is an Irish former middle-distance runner specialising in the 800 metres. He was born in Leixlip, County Kildare and attended University College, Dublin.

At his favoured distance, he won the consecutive national titles outdoors in 1994–5–6–7 and indoors in 1993–4–5, He won the bronze medal at the 1993 European Junior Championships, reached the semifinal of the 1996 Olympics and the heats of the 2000 Olympics. Matthews is the Irish record holder at 1000 m outdoors (senior and under-23).

In 2011, Matthews was appointed fitness coach of senior Cork county hurling team.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta was held between 28 and 31 July 1996. There were a total of 60 competitors from 42 countries. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.16 seconds by Vebjørn Rodal of Norway, the nation's first title in the men's 800 metres and first medal in the event since 1956. Hezekiél Sepeng's silver was South Africa's first 800 metres medal since 1920.
1919 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1919 Tour de France was the 13th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 29 June, and Stage 8 occurred on 13 July with a flat stage to Marseille. The race finished in Paris on 27 July.

Les Sables-d'Olonne
Les Sables-d'Olonne (French pronunciation: [le sabl dɔlɔn] ⓘ; Poitevin: Lés Sablles d'Oloune; lit. 'The Sands of Olonne') is a seaside resort and port on the Atlantic coast of Western France, best known as the starting and finishing point of the round the world Vendée Globe yacht race. A subprefecture of the Vendée department, Pays de la Loire, administratively it is a commune, Vendée's second most populated after La Roche-sur-Yon. On 1 January 2019, the communes of Olonne-sur-Mer, Château-d'Olonne and Les Sables-d'Olonne merged, retaining the latter name.
John C. Butcher
John Charles Butcher ONZM (born 31 March 1933) is a New Zealand mathematician who specialises in numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations.

Butcher works on multistage methods for initial value problems, such as Runge-Kutta and general linear methods. The Butcher group and the Butcher tableau are named after him.
More recently, he is investigating a new type of method with stability identical to that of a Runge-Kutta method.

Numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Nitin Soni
Nitin Soni is an Indian poet and author, based in New Delhi, known for his best selling poetry book The Broken Boat, published by Authorspress in 2016. The Broken Boat reached the #1 best selling poetry book slot Amazon India during 2016. He is lyricist of The Kalam Anthem, dedicated to former president APJ Abdul Kalam, co-written by Srijan Pal Singh. He is also working for underprivileged children.

Srijan Pal Singh
Srijan Pal Singh is an Indian author, scientist, public speaker, and social entrepreneur. He is an electrical engineer from the Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow. He worked closely with the Former President of India Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
Nie Chenxi
Nie Chenxi (Chinese: 聂辰席; born July 1957) is a Chinese politician who served as director and Party branch secretary of National Radio and Television Administration from 2018 to 2022 and deputy head of Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. He served as a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.
Rupha Wayi
Rupha Wayi (Quechua rupha burning, Ancash Quechua wayi house, "burning house", also spelled Rupahuay) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,436 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Huallanca District.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Ninja Hattori-kun (video game)
Ninja Hattori-kun (忍者ハットリくん; lit. "Little Ninja Hattori") is a 1986 video game software developed and published by Hudson Soft exclusively in Japan for the Nintendo Family Computer. It is based on Fujiko Fujio A's (pen name of Motoo Abiko) Japanese manga series of the same name, which later became an anime series and Asian franchise. The game was released around the same time the anime was aired. It was among the best selling Famicom games, selling approximately 1,500,000 copies in its lifetime.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Kabukichō no Joō
"Kabukichō no Joō" (歌舞伎町の女王, Queen of Kabukicho) is Japanese singer Ringo Sheena's 2nd single and it was released on September 9, 1998 by Toshiba EMI, East World. It was certified gold for 100,000 downloads to cellphones by the RIAJ in 2011.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Mnemosyne (software)
Mnemosyne (named for the Greek goddess of memory, Mnemosyne) is a line of spaced repetition software developed since 2003. Spaced repetition is an evidence-based learning technique that has been shown to increase the rate of memorization.

Evidence-based education
Evidence-based education (EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available scientific evidence, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than tradition, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research.

The evidence-based education movement has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices, and has been the subject of considerable debate since the late 1990s. However, research published in 2020 showed that, despite absence of empirical evidence, belief is high amongst educators in teaching techniques such as matching instruction to a few supposed learning styles and the cone of learning.
Michael John Hamdani
A Pakistani Canadian document-forger and immigrant-smuggler, Michael John Hamdani (also Amarjit Singh Sangha, Azam Shah, Ranjit Singh, Ahmad Malik) rose to notoriety after he entered a plea bargain with authorities, and triggered a manhunt for five fictitious Middle Eastern terrorists he invented. Authorities were later chastised for crying wolf, and frightening the public with a terrorism alert from the information they had.

Pakistani Canadians
Pakistani Canadian refers to the community in Canada of Pakistani heritage or descent. It can also refer to people who hold dual Pakistani and Canadian citizenship. Categorically, Pakistani Canadians comprise a subgroup of South Asian Canadians which is a further subgroup of Asian Canadians.
Melanophryniscus xanthostomus
Melanophryniscus xanthostomus is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. The specific name xanthostomus is derived from the Greek words xanthos (=yellow) and stoma (=mouth) and refers to the characteristic yellow stripe along its mouth. It is distinguished from congeneric species based on differences in size; having white and/or yellow spots on its forearms, mouth, belly and cloaca; the pattern and arrangement of warts; and the presence and number of corneous spines.

Corneous
Corneous is a biological and medical term meaning horny, in other words made out of a substance similar to that of horns and hooves in some mammals.

The word is generally used to describe natural or pathological anatomical structures made out of a hard layer of protein. In mammals this protein would usually be keratin.

The word corneous is also often used to describe the operculum of a snail, a gastropod mollusc. Not all gastropods have opercula, but in the great majority of those that do have one, the operculum is corneous. (However in several genera within a few families including the marine Naticidae and the terrestrial Pomatiidae, the operculum is primarily calcareous, in other words mostly made of calcium carbonate.) Corneous opercula are made out of the protein conchiolin.
Baurusuchidae
Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Asia (Pakistan). Baurusuchidae has been, in accordance with the PhyloCode, officially defined as the least inclusive clade containing Cynodontosuchus rothi, Pissarrachampsa sera, and Baurusuchus pachecoi. Baurusuchids have been placed in the suborder Baurusuchia, and two subfamilies have been proposed: Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae.

Mesoeucrocodylia
Mesoeucrocodylia is the clade that includes Eusuchia and crocodyliforms formerly placed in the paraphyletic group Mesosuchia. The group appeared during the Early Jurassic, and continues to the present day.
Yusufkhan Mohamadkhan Pathan
Yusufkhan Mohamadkhan Pathan is an authority on Maratha saints. He was born on 1 March 1930. He has been head of department, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
In 2007, he received a Padma Shri award from the Government of India for excellence in literature and education. O'Hanlon cites his as the editor of Bhausahebanchi bakhar, Deshpande cites him as the editor of the Sabhasad Bakhar. In 2004 he received the Indian Independence day Certificate of honour for Persian language.

Sabhasad Bakhar
Shri-Shiva-Prabhuche-Charitra (IAST: Sri-Aiva-Prabhuce-Caritra), better known as Sabhasad Bakhar, is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. It was written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad at Jinji, at the court of Shivaji's son Rajaram in 1697.

The text describes several notable events in Shivaji's life, including Shivaji's killing of Afzal Khan, his visit to and escape from the Mughal court, his coronation, and his meeting with Venkoji. Since the author was a contemporary of Shivaji, it is considered the most reliable bakhar about the king's life.

The Siva Chhatrapati volume is the English translation of the Sabhasad Bakhar.