hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian Airlines
Russian Airlines can refer to one of two de facto flag carrier airlines of the Russian Federation:

Aeroflot, the former flag carrier of the Soviet Union, based at Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport. Its official English name is Russian Airlines.

Rossiya, a newer entity based out of Saint Petersburg's Pulkovo Airport

Rossiya Airlines
Rossiya Airlines (Russian: АО Авиакомпания «Россия», romanized: AO Aviakompaniya "Rossiya"), sometimes branded as Rossiya—Russian Airlines (Россия — Российские авиалинии, Rossiya — Rossyskiye avialinii) is one of the oldest and largest air carriers of Russia. It was founded on 7 May 1934. It is a part of Aeroflot Group. Rossiya is the largest and the base carrier of Pulkovo Airport (Saint Petersburg).

It is currently banned from flying into the European Union.
San Ferdinando
San Ferdinando (Calabrian: San Ferdinandu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,487 and an area of 14.0 square kilometres (5.4 mi2).

The municipality of San Ferdinando contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Eranova and Villaggio Praia.

San Ferdinando borders the following municipalities: Nicotera, Gioia Tauro, and Rosarno.

Province of Reggio Calabria
The province of Reggio Calabria (Italian: provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capital was the city of Reggio.

It was effectively replaced by the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in 2017.
1986 Lilian Cup
The 1986 Lilian Cup was the 5th season of the competition. The four top placed teams for the previous season took part in the competition.

The format of the competition was changed from including a group stage prior to the final to a straight knock-out competition. The competition was held between 2 and 10 September 1986.

The competition was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa 2–1 in the final.

1985–86 Liga Leumit
In the 1985–86 Liga Leumit season Hapoel Tel Aviv won the title. Hapoel Haifa, Hapoel Jerusalem and Maccabi Sha'arayim were all relegated to Liga Artzit. Uri Malmilian of Beitar Jerusalem and Doron Rabinzon of Maccabi Petah Tikva were the league's joint top scorers with 14 goals.

The league championship was decided on the final day, with a match between the two title chasers, Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Tel Aviv. Hapoel Tel Aviv, who needed a win to secure the championship, scored a controversial goal in the 86th minute to win 1–0 and the title.
Western Electric rules
The Western Electric rules are decision rules in statistical process control for detecting out-of-control or non-random conditions on control charts.  Locations of the observations relative to the control chart control limits (typically at ±3 standard deviations) and centerline indicate whether the process in question should be investigated for assignable causes.  The Western Electric rules were codified by a specially-appointed committee of the manufacturing division of the Western Electric Company and appeared in the first edition of a 1956 handbook, that became a standard text of the field.  Their purpose was to ensure that line workers and engineers interpret control charts in a uniform way.

Decision tree
A decision tree  is a decision support recursive partitioning structure that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an algorithm that only contains conditional control statements.

Decision trees are commonly used in operations research, specifically in decision analysis, to help identify a strategy most likely to reach a goal, but are also a popular tool in machine learning.
Amy Bess Miller
Amy Bess Williams Miller (May 4, 1912 – February 23, 2003) was an American historian, preservationist, trustee, and civic leader from the cities of Worcester and Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Best known for leading the effort to preserve Hancock Shaker Village on the border of Pittsfield and Hancock, Massachusetts and establish a museum there, she was a major scholar of Shaker history, society, and artifacts. In addition to serving as the Hancock museum's first president, she was president of the Berkshire Athenaeum, member of the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners and American Antiquarian Society, and trustee of Berkshire Medical Center, the Berkshire Museum, Miss Hall's School, the Massachusetts Audubon Society, and the Shaker Museum and Library. Miller's published works all deal with Shaker history and society. She wrote four books and co-edited a fifth, contributed an article to The Herbarist, and contributed to numerous exhibits.

Berkshire Athenaeum
The original Berkshire Athenaeum, now known as the Bowes Building, is a nineteenth century building that still stands on Park Square in Pittsfield, Massachusetts in the Berkshires. Like many New England libraries, the Berkshire Athenaeum started as a private organization. The private Public Library Association was founded in 1850. The group's name was later changed to the Berkshire Athenæum. Later still, Thomas F. Plunkett, Calvin Martin and Thomas Allen, were "instrumental in forming it into a free library".

The Berkshire Athenaeum is now also known as the Pittsfield Public Library at 1 Wendell Avenue in Pittsfield, containing a collection of more than 150,000 items. The library's special collections on local history, genealogy, author Herman Melville and other local authors are some of the best in the northeast.
Guido Sant'Anna
Guido Sant'Anna (born June 28, 2005) is a Brazilian violin soloist.  He achieved international acclaim in 2022 as the first South American violinist to win the prestigious International Fritz Kreisler Competition. His victory in Vienna followed another historic milestone in 2018, when he became the first Brazilian violinist invited to the Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists in Geneva, where he won both the Audience Prize and the Chamber Music Award. These accomplishments earned him a place on Forbes Brazil's "30 under 30" list in 2022.

International Fritz Kreisler Competition
The International Fritz Kreisler Competition is a violin competition dedicated to the memory of violinist and composer Fritz Kreisler.

Founded in 1979, it is carried out every four years in Vienna, Austria. It is limited to violinists of or under 30 years of age.  To avoid favoritism, the members of the jury may not enter their own students in the contest.
Business record
A business record is a document (hard copy or digital) that records an "act, condition, or event" related to business. Business records include meeting minutes, memoranda, employment contracts, and accounting source documents.

It must be retrievable at a later date so that the business dealings can be accurately reviewed as required. Since business is dependent upon confidence and trust, not only must the record be accurate and easily retrieved, but the processes surrounding its creation and retrieval must be perceived by customers and the business community to consistently deliver a full and accurate record with no gaps or additions.

Employment contract
An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.
The contract is between an "employee" and an "employer". It has arisen out of the old master-servant law, used before the 20th century. Employment contracts rely on the concept of authority, in which the employee agrees to accept the authority of the employer and in exchange, the employer agrees to pay the employee a stated wage (Simon, 1951).
Amzya
Amzya (Russian: Амзя; Bashkir: Әмзә, Ämzä; Chuvash: Эмçе, Emśe) is a rural locality (a village) in Balyklykulsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 78 as of 2010, the majority of whom were Chuvashes.  There are 5 streets.

Chuvash people
The Chuvash people,{{efn|{{ubl|UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH|Chuvash: чӑвашсем, romanized: çăvaşsem, pronounced [tɕə̹̆ˈʋaʂsʲɛm]|Russian: чуваши, romanized: čuvaši are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of the Oğurs, inhabiting an area stretching from the Idel-Ural region to Siberia.

Most of them live in the Russian republic of Chuvashia and the surrounding area, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout Russia as well as in Central Asia. They speak Chuvash, a Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians although a minority follow Vattisen Yaly or Sunni Islam.
South Tyneside Youth Orchestra
The South Tyneside Youth Orchestra (STYO), also known as South Tyneside Orchestra, is an orchestra based in South Tyneside in the North East of England. It consists of over 40 amateur musicians, many ex pupils of the South Tyneside Music Service.

The orchestra, and other ensembles from South Tyneside Music Service, were the first LEA Music Service to showcase talent at the then new Sage Gateshead. They have also performed at other notable venues in the North East such as Newcastle City Hall, The Sunderland Empire Theatre and The Customs House, South Shields.

In 2023 the orchestra were part of the celebrations for the 70th anniversary of the opening of the Arbeia roman fort.

Arbeia
Arbeia was a large Roman fort in South Shields, Tyne & Wear, England, now ruined and partially reconstructed. It was first excavated in the 1870s. All modern buildings on the site were cleared in the 1970s. It is managed by North East Museums as Arbeia, South Shields Roman Fort.
University Hospital of Montpellier
The University Hospital of Montpellier (Occitan: Hôpital Universitari de Montpelhièr), CHU de Montpellier, is the oldest medical faculty in Europe, part of the University of Montpellier.  It has been rated the 6th best hospital in France.  It employs about 11,000 people and is the biggest employer in the region.  There are 14 medical activity departments and very substantial research activity.

Emergency services at the hospital were reorganized in November 2022, largely as a result of pressures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
Hey, Stop Stabbing Me!
Hey, Stop Stabbing Me! is a 2003 American comedy horror film starring Patrick Casey and directed by Worm Miller; Miller and Casey also co-wrote the script. The duo went on to write Golan the Insatiable for Fox's Animation Domination HD programming block.

The film was shot on location in Bloomington, Minnesota.

Golan the Insatiable
Golan the Insatiable is an American adult animated television series created by Josh Miller and developed by Dave Jeser & Matt Silverstein for Fox. It premiered on November 23, 2013 along with Lucas Bros. Moving Co.; it officially premiered on January 11, 2014. It is based on stories written by Miller that appeared on the website Something Awful. It aired on Fox's Animation Domination High-Def programming block.

Golan the Insatiable was picked up by Fox for a second season consisting of 6 half-hour prime-time episodes featuring a new voice cast and alternate continuity. The season premiered on May 31, 2015 on Fox's Sunday Funday lineup.
Richard P. Novick
Richard P. Novick is an American microbiologist best known for his work in the fields of plasmid biology, staphylococcal pathobiology and antimicrobial resistance. He is the Recanati Family Professor of Science, Emeritus, at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and is a member of the American National Academy of Sciences. Novick has published over 250 peer-reviewed articles, and several book reviews for the Times Literary Supplement, and is a member of the Editorial Board of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
46th Daytime Emmy Awards
The 46th Daytime Emmy Awards, presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), honored the best in U.S. daytime television programming in 2018. The ceremony was held on May 5, 2019, at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. Actors and television hosts Mario Lopez and Sheryl Underwood hosted the ceremony for the third consecutive time.

The drama pre-nominees were announced on January 24, 2019, and the standard nominations were announced on March 20, 2019.

National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), also known as the National Television Academy until 2007, is an American professional service organization founded in 1955 for "the advancement of the arts and sciences of television and the promotion of creative leadership for artistic, educational and technical achievements within the television industry". Headquartered in New York City, NATAS membership is national and the organization has local chapters around the country. NATAS distributes several groups of Emmy Awards, including Daytime, Sports, News and Documentary, and Children's and Family Emmys. NATAS is a sister organization to the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the other two bodies that present Emmy Awards to other sectors of television programming.
The Love Racket (musical)
The Love Racket is a musical comedy by Stanley Lupino with music by Noel Gay and lyrics by Frank Eyton, Barbara Gordon and Basil Thomas, and Leslie Gibbs, with additional dialogue by Arty Ash and additional numbers by Hubert Gregg and Freddie Bretherton.

The original production was as a star vehicle for Arthur Askey and also featured Roy Royston and Carol Raye. After a season at the Opera House Manchester, it opened in the West End at the Victoria Palace Theatre in October 1943. It moved to the Princes Theatre in April 1944 before closing in July 1944.

Carol Raye
Carol Raye AM (17 January 1923 – 18 June 2022 as Kathleen Mary Corkrey and also billed as Carole Raye) was a British-born actress and comedian of film, television, radio, theatre and revue. She was also a singer, dancer, producer, director and media personality.

Her career spanned some seven decades, firstly as a film star and stage performer in the United Kingdom, in such movies as Song of Romance, Strawberry Roan and Waltz Time, after which she briefly worked in Kenya. She then immigrated to Australia, where she became notable for her small-screen roles, and as the first female television executive at a time when the industry was dominated by men.

Raye was best known as the creator, producer and original star of the iconic TV satire The Mavis Bramston Show, alongside Gordon Chater and Barry Creyton, as well as a semi-regular star of soap opera Number 96, as Baroness Amanda von Pappenburg.
Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture
In abstract algebra, the Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture asserts that any piecewise-polynomial function can be expressed as a maximum of finite minima of finite collections of polynomials. It was first stated, albeit in non-rigorous and vague wording, in the 1956 paper of Garrett Birkhoff and Richard S. Pierce in which they first introduced f-rings. The modern, rigorous statement of the conjecture was formulated by Melvin Henriksen and John R. Isbell, who worked on the problem in the early 1960s in connection with their work on f-rings. Their formulation is as follows:

For every real piecewise-polynomial function , there exists a finite set of polynomials  such that .

Isbell is likely the source of the name Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture, and popularized the problem in the 1980s by discussing it with several mathematicians interested in real algebraic geometry.

The conjecture was proved true for n = 1 and 2 by Louis Mahé.

Rigour
Rigour (British English) or rigor (American English; see spelling differences) describes a condition of stiffness or strictness. These constraints may be environmentally imposed, such as "the rigours of famine"; logically imposed, such as mathematical proofs which must maintain consistent answers; or socially imposed, such as the process of defining ethics and law.
Hayward High School (California)
Hayward High School is a public high school in Hayward, California, United States, serving students living in northern Hayward and portions of Castro Valley, Cherryland and Fairview. It is one of four high schools in the city and is one of the oldest high schools in Northern California. The school's official mascot is the "Farmer", which dates back to Hayward's period as an agricultural center. Its emblem features a farmer with a plow, a reference to the city's agricultural past.

Cherryland, California
Cherryland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. Cherryland is located between Ashland to the north and the city of Hayward to the south. The population was 15,808 at the 2020 census.
Elections by country
For each de jure and de facto sovereign state and dependent territory an article on elections in that entity has been included and information on the way the head of state, head of government, and the legislature is selected. Merged cells for "head of state" and "head of government" indicate the office is the same for that country; merged cells for "lower house" and "upper house" indicate a unicameral legislature. The linked articles include the results of the elections.  For a chronological order, see the electoral calendar.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Runje
Runje is a surname. Notable people with the surname include the following:

Vedran Runje (born 1976), Croatian footballer

Zlatko Runje (born 1979), Croatian footballer

Ivan Runje (born 1990), Croatian footballer

Vedran Runje
Vedran Runje (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋědran rǔːɲe]; born 10 February 1976) is a Croatian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. A product of Hajduk Split academy, Runje spent the majority of his career abroad with Standard Liège in Belgium, Marseille and Lens in France and Beşiktaş in Turkey. With Standard, he won three Belgian League Goalkeeper of the Year awards.

Runje was also capped 22 times for Croatia national team and was part of the tournament squad at the UEFA Euro 2008.
Itbayat
Itbayat, officially the Municipality of Itbayat, is a  municipality in the province of Batanes, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 2,937 people.

The municipality is the country's northernmost municipality, located 156 kilometers (97 mi) from the southernmost tip of Taiwan.

By land area, the main island of Itbayat is the largest in Batanes. The municipality includes the rest of the province's northern islands, all small and mostly uninhabited. These islands are, from south to north: Di'nem Island, Siayan, Misanga, Ah'li, and Mavulis Island, the northernmost island of the Philippine archipelago.

Mavulis Island
Mavulis Island is the northernmost of the Batanes Islands and the northernmost island in the Philippines. It is part of the archipelagic province of Batanes. The island is uninhabited, but it is garrisoned by the Armed Forces of the Philippines which constructed a shelter for local fishermen, a water desalination plant, a helipad, lighthouse, and a flagpole on the top of the hill on the island considered as the northernmost flagpole in the country.

Mavulis Island is much closer to the Taiwanese mainland than the Philippine mainland of Luzon itself. The southernmost point of Taiwan Cape Eluanbi is about 142 km away, while the northernmost tip of Luzon mainland (Maira-ira Point, Pagudpud in Ilocos Norte) is about 200 km away. The nearest Taiwanese territory is the Orchid Island group, with the uninhabited Lesser Orchid island just barely 98 km away.
Abralia trigonura
Abralia trigonura is a species of enoploteuthid cephalopod found in the Pacific Ocean in the mesopelagic zone. Females reach a mantle length of 31–35 mm compared to males at 23–27 mm at maturity. Females spawn in batches of 290–430 small eggs, 0.9 mm in length. The paralarvae stage lasts about 40 days before shifting to adult mode. Male spermatophores are relatively small at 7 mm in length. It migrates to the upper water column to feed at night.

Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (660 to 3,280 ft) below the ocean surface.

The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture.