hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas M. Gatch
Thomas Milton Gatch (January 28, 1833 – April 22, 1913) was an American pioneer educator on the Pacific Coast. He served one term as mayor of Salem, Oregon, was the president of what would become Oregon State University, served as the 10th president of the University of Washington, and twice served as president of Willamette University. A native of Ohio, he was the first president of Oregon State University to hold a doctorate degree.

Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara (/ˌsæntə ˈklærə/ SAN-tə KLAR-ə; Spanish for 'Saint Clare') is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area. Located in the southern Bay Area, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra.

Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Nvidia. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest private university in California; Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers; and California's Great America amusement park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on almost every side, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to the west.
Initiative for St. Andrew's Passage
Initiative for St. Andrew’s Passage (Ukrainian: Андріївсько-Пейзажна Ініціатива, romanized: Andriyivsko-Peizazhna Initsiatyva) — Ukrainian non-governmental organization (NGO) that was created for consolidation of the numerous civil organizations and initiatives. Its mission is to protect and conserve the historical and cultural heritage as well as the natural environment. In September 2012 Initiative for St. Andrew's Passage was officially recognized by virtue of the State registration and is acting under its own Statute.

National Museum of the History of Ukraine
The National Museum of the History of Ukraine (stylized MIST, Ukrainian: Національний музей історії України, romanized: Natsionalnyi muzei istorii Ukrainy) illustrates Ukraine's history from ancient times to the present. It is one of the leading museums in Ukraine. It holds about 800,000 items in its collection, and usually has approximately 22,000 items on permanent display. The museum holds world-famous archaeological, numismatic, ethnographic and weapons collections, examples of decorative and applied arts, manuscripts, prints, paintings and drawings, as well as relics of the Ukrainian national liberation movement of the 20th century.
Fu, Sweden
Fu is a small village in Dalarna, Sweden. The village is located by the national road Riksväg 70, about 10 kilometres southeast of the town Mora. Approximately 50 people live in Fu and the neighboring village of Fudal.

The Dala Line, a railway that stretches from Uppsala to Mora, passes close to the village. There used to be a small railway station in Fu, but it closed in the 1960s.

The stream Fuån flows into the lake Siljan just outside of the village.

Dala Line
The Dala Line (Swedish: Dalabanan) is a 265 kilometres (165 mi) single-track railway line in Sweden, linking the city of Uppsala to the town of Mora, via Sala, Avesta-Krylbo, Hedemora, Säter, Borlänge and Leksand. In Uppsala, the line joins the East Coast Line, which goes south to Stockholm. In Borlänge, the Bergslagen Line connects to Falun–Gävle.
Demelash Gebremichael
Demelash Gebremichael (Amharic: ደምመላሽ ጌብሬሚካኤል) is an Ethiopian politician who is serving as the Commissioner General of the Ethiopian Federal Police, he was appointed to the rank by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed since 8 November 2020. Before he became the commissioner general of the federal police, he was the Director General of the National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) from 28 June 2019 to 8 November 2020.

Ethiopian Federal Police
The Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP; Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፌደራል ፖሊስ, romanized: ye'ītiyop'iya fēdirali polīsi) is the law enforcement agency of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Established in 1995, the agency aims with objectives of maintaining or safeguarding the public security, human and democratic rights, and respecting constitutional law.

As autonomous organ, the EFP is surveyed by Ministry of Peace and administered by the Federal Police Commission enshrined under Proclamation No. 720/2011. Its office is headquartered in Addis Ababa with expectation to expand branches in every regions thereof.

The Federal Police recently subjected to criticism and backlash over its inadequate and poor enforcing management as reflected in Article 52 of Federal Police Commission Administration. Unlawful use of force among officers appeared to be severe and most human rights organizations accused the government of neglecting investigation and accountability of those offended police officers.
Jefferson Elementary School District
Jefferson Elementary School District is a K-8 school district headquartered in Daly City, San Mateo County, California, USA, serving the communities of Daly City, Colma, Broadmoor and part of Pacifica.

The district was established in 1866 and, as of 2019, has some 350 teachers serving 6,000 students. The district has ten elementary schools and four intermediate/middle schools; high schools in the area are overseen by the Jefferson Union High School District. More than 20 different languages are spoken by students in the school district.

The district is overseen by a five member elected Board of Education and an appointed Superintendent.

Pacifica, California
Pacifica (Spanish: Pacífica, meaning "Peaceful") is a city in San Mateo County, California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay. As of the 2020 census, Pacifica had a population of 38,640.
Charles Hunter Stewart
Charles Hunter Stewart FSA Scot FRSE (29 September 1854 – 30 June 1924) was a Scottish physician and public health expert.

Born in Edinburgh, Stewart studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. In 1884 he became an assistant at the Laboratory of Public Health in Edinburgh under Henry Littlejohn.

In 1888 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Andrew Douglas Maclagan, Sir William Turner, Alexander Crum Brown and Peter Guthrie Tait. He was then living at 2 Bellevue Terrace.

In 1898 he became Professor of Public Health at the University of Edinburgh

In 1900 he was living at 9 Learmonth Gardens in Edinburgh's West End.

He died at age 69.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Moshavei Yahdav
The Moshavei Yahdav (Hebrew: מושבי יחדיו, lit. the Together Moshavim) is a group of three moshavim located in the north-western Negev desert between Netivot and Ofakim and under the jurisdiction of Bnei Shimon Regional Council. They are:

Brosh (lit. "Cypress")

Ta'ashur (lit. "Larch")

Tidhar (lit. "Plane tree")

The three moshavim were all established in 1953 by Moroccan immigrants and refugees who were members of the Bnei Moshavim movement. They are all named after a passage from the Book of Isaiah, specifically Isaiah 41:19:

I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia-tree, and the myrtle, and the oil-tree; I will set in the desert the cypress, the plane-tree, and the larch together;

As the end, the passage describes the three trees set in the desert "together", from which the group takes its name.

Netivot
Netivot (Hebrew: נתיבות, lit. 'Paths') is a city located in the Southern District of Israel, located 8 miles (13 kilometers) southeast of Sderot and 19 miles (31 kilometers) northwest of Beersheba. In 2023 it had a population of 52,877.
Beraunite
Beraunite is an iron phosphate mineral. It was first described by August Breithaupt for an occurrence in Beraun currently in the Czech Republic. Beraunite occurs as a secondary mineral in iron ore deposits, and as an alteration product of primary phosphate minerals in granite pegmatites.

Beraunite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with point group 2/m. Beraunite's formula is Fe2+ Fe3+5(OH)5(PO4)4·4H2O. Aluminium and zinc may substitute in the structure.

Beroun
Beroun (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛroun]; German: Beraun) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. It lies at the confluence of the Berounka and Litavka rivers. Beroun creates a conurbation with Králův Dvůr, former part of Beroun. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Bob Schulz (fashion designer)
Robert Schulz (16 April 1923 – 17 May 2008) was an Australian fashion designer.

He was born in Booleroo, South Australia on 16 April 1923.

Schulz established and ran Young Jaeger from 1959 to 1965, before working for  the Milan store La Rinascente and living in Italy for some years. In 1966, Helmut Newton photographed his work for the magazine Queen.

He returned to London to restart his couture business in a large house in Wilton Place, Knightsbridge, but the business failed after a bust water pipe and insurers who refused to pay. He continued to design dresses until his retirement in 2006.

For his last three decades, he lived with Elio Marchesi, and from the late 1990s onwards in a small council flat off London's Fulham Road.

Jaeger (clothing)
Jaeger (/ˈjeɪɡə/ YAY-gə) is a British fashion brand and retailer of womenswear and menswear. Traditionally known for a classic 'twinset and pearls' image and the use of high-quality natural fibres, it has focused on updating its brand image since 2008, when it first appeared at London Fashion Week.

Formerly owned by the retail entrepreneur Harold Tillman, the company was purchased in 2011 by the private equity firm Better Capital. In 2017, it was announced that Jaeger had entered administration. It was subsequently reported that Edinburgh Woollen Mill was buying the Jaeger brand, but not the company itself. In January 2021, it was announced that Marks & Spencer was acquiring the Jaeger brand, but not Jaeger's stores, for £5 million.
Paul Theodor van Brussel
Paul Theodor van Brussel (1754–1795) was a Dutch flower painter.

He was born at Zuid-Polsbroek, near Schoonhoven, in 1754. He was a scholar of Jean Augustin and of Hendrik Meyer of Haarlem. He was first employed in the manufacture of tapestry, but afterwards devoted his attention entirely to nature, and became one of the best fruit and flower painters of his time. His later pictures are his best, and are to be found in some of the richest collections. He died at Amsterdam in 1795.

Schoonhoven
Schoonhoven (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxoːnˌɦoːvə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and was a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, before it had been an independent municipality.

The former municipality had a population of data missing in 2021, and covered an area of 6.92 km2 (2.67 sq mi) of which 0.65 km2 (0.25 sq mi) water. From 2010 to 2014, it was the smallest municipality in the Netherlands in land area, following the merger of Rozenburg into Rotterdam.

The first winner of the Dutch version of Pop Idol, Jamai Loman, is from this city. Also Jan-Arie van der Heijden, football player for Feyenoord, lives in Schoonhoven.
Turkey national youth football team
The Turkey national youth football team are the national under-20, under-19, under-18, under-17, under-16, under-15 and under-14 football teams of Turkey and are controlled by the Turkish Football Federation. The youth teams of Turkey participate in tournaments sanctioned by both UEFA and FIFA and also participates in world, regional, and local international tournaments.

UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The UEFA European Under-17 Championship, or simply the Euro Under-17, is an annual football competition contested by the men's under-17 national teams of the UEFA member associations.

Spain is the most successful team in this competition, having won nine titles. Portugal are the current champions, having won their 7th title following a 3–0 victory over France in the 2025 final.
Intimacy: Album III
Intimacy: Album III is the third studio album from R&B artist Kem.

It was released on August 17, 2010 on Motown Records. This is his first album in five years releasing two albums on Motown and his only release on Universal Motown records following the dissolution of the label. The first single, "Why Would You Stay", received a great deal of airplay, peaking at number 17 and 14 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs and Heatseekers charts respectively. Like other albums, it is self-produced by Kem and features a duet with Maurissa Rose and spoken word by Jill Scott. The album debuted at number 95 on the Hot R&B/Hip-hop albums chart and rose to number 2 the following week. A remix of "If It's Love" was also released, this time featuring R&B artist Chrisette Michele.

The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 74,000 copies in its first week in the United States, becoming Kem's highest-charting set ever. In March 2012, the album was certified Gold by the RIAA.

Chrisette Michele
Chrisette Michele Payne (born December 8, 1982) is an American R&B and soul singer. She won a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in 2009 for her song "Be OK" (featuring will.i.am).

She was previously signed to Motown Records, Capitol Records, and Caroline Distribution but was dropped from her label in 2017 after performing at Donald Trump's presidential inauguration. In the same year, Michele announced plans to release new music independently through her own label, Rich Hipster.
Amazing Maria
Amazing Maria (foaled 28 January 2011) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred retired racehorse and broodmare. She showed great promise as a two-year-old when winning the Prestige Stakes but failed to win or place in the following season when she made only three appearances. After a change of training stable she returned as a four-year-old and reached her peak in the summer of 2015. She won the Duke of Cambridge Stakes at Royal Ascot and then recorded Group One victories in the Falmouth Stakes and the Prix Rothschild. She remained in training in 2016 but failed to win in five races and was retired at the end of the season.

Prestige Stakes
The Prestige Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old fillies. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late August.
Shinmachi, Gunma
Shinmachi (新町, Shinmachi) was a town located in Tano District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 12,561 and a population density of 3,358.56 persons per km2. The total area was 3.74 km2.
The town is located approximately 80 to 90 km north of Tokyo, and has developed as a commuter town in Fujioka, Takasaki, and the Tokyo metropolitan area. 
On January 23, 2006, Shinmachi, along with the towns of Gunma, Kurabuchi and Misato (all from Gunma District), was merged into the expanded city of Takasaki.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Andrei Zhdanov (footballer)
Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (Russian: Андрей Александрович Жданов; born 21 April 1980) is a former Russian football player.

Zhdanov began playing football with FC Lokomotiv Liski before joining FC Spartak Moscow. After failing to appear for the senior side, he had brief spells with FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don and FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk in 2001, making a single appearance in the Russian Premier League.

He played for the main squad of FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don in the Russian Cup.

FC Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Москва, romanized: Futbolʹnyy klub «Spartak» Moskva, pronounced [spɐrˈtak mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships (second only to Dynamo Kyiv) and 10 Russian championships (a record jointly held with Zenit St Petersburg), it is the country's most successful club. They have also won a record 10 Soviet Cups, 4 Russian Cups and one Russian Super Cup. Spartak have also reached the semi-finals of UEFA Europa League, UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup Winner's Cup.
Atilogwu
Atilogwu Listenⓘ is a spirited youth dance from the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria that focuses on vigorous body movement and often includes acrobatics. In the Igbo language, the word itself "Atilogwu" translates into "has magic, as in sorcery/witchcraft".

The name stems from rumors that bewitchment or magic potions had to be involved if the children of the village could perform so exuberantly and energetically, while making it look so effortless. The tempo of the dance matches the tempo of the music, which is dependent on the beat of the drum and ogene, a metal gong instrument. The dance is usually performed during festivals and the festivity will also include exotic dishes created from authentic Nigerian recipes, served buffet style.

Igbo language
Igbo (English: /ˈiːboʊ/ EE-boh, US also /ˈɪɡboʊ/ IG-boh; Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò [ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò] ⓘ) is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.

Igbo languages are spoken by a total of 31 million people. The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igbo languages. The core Igbo cluster, or Igbo proper, is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.
Hochgeboren
Hochgeboren (German: [ˈhoːχɡəˌboːɐ̯n̩], lit. "high-born"; Latin: illustrissimus) is a form of address for the titled members of the German and Austrian nobility, ranking just below the sovereign and mediatised dynasties.

The actual address is "Euer" Hochgeboren. It is the proper form of address for counts (Grafen) that are neither heirs to mediatised families of the Holy Roman Empire (counts of the Holy Roman Empire or Reichsgrafen) nor families who have been bequeathed higher predicate by the Emperor. By courtesy, barons (Freiherr) belonging to old houses of the Uradel are also addressed in the same way.

The correct term for immediate counts (Reichsgrafen) is Erlaucht ("Illustrious Highness"), while the proper form of address for princes (Fürsten) and dukes (Herzöge) is Durchlaucht ("Serene Highness").

In the Netherlands, Hooggeboren ("High-born") is used to address Dukes, Margraves, Counts or Viscounts. In Belgium, Hooggeboren is used in Dutch and Messire ("Sir") in French.

Serene Highness
His/Her Serene Highness (abbreviation: HSH, second person address: Your Serene Highness) is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein, Monaco and Thailand. Until 1918, it was also associated with the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties and with a few princely but non-ruling families. It was also the form of address used for cadet members of the dynasties of France, Italy, Russia and Ernestine Saxony, under their monarchies. Additionally, the treatment was granted for some, but not all, princely yet non-reigning families of Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Russia by emperors or popes. In a handful of rare cases, it was employed by non-royal rulers in viceregal or even republican contexts.
Magic number (programming)
In computer programming, a magic number or file signature is a numeric literal in source code that has a special, particular meaning that is less than clear to the reader. Also in computing, but not limited to programming, the term is used for a number that identifies a particular concept but without additional knowledge its meaning is less than clear. For example, some file formats are identified by an embedded magic number in the file (see list of file signatures). Also, a number that is relatively uniquely associated with a particular concept, such as a universally unique identifier, might be classified as a magic number.

Offset (computer science)
In computer science, an offset within an array or other data structure object is an integer indicating the distance (displacement) between the beginning of the object and a given element or point, presumably within the same object.: 100–103  The concept of a distance is valid only if all elements of the object are of the same size (typically given in bytes or words).

For example, if A is an array of characters containing "abcdef", the fourth element containing the character 'd' has an offset of three from the start of A.
Grabowski
Grabowski is a Polish surname with forms in various languages (Grabovsky, Grabauskas, Hraboŭski, or Hrabovskyi). The Belarusian and Ukrainian variants are generally transcribed beginning with an 'h' but may also be written with a 'g'. It is also found in German surnames from the Silesia region of old Prussia.

Grabowski is the 20th most common surname in Poland (59,052 people in 2009).

Lists of most common surnames in European countries
This article contains lists of the most common surnames in most of the countries of Europe, including Armenia, Kosovo, and five transcontinental countries but excluding five European microstates. Countries are arranged in alphabetical order.
Bronson Hill Arc
The Bronson Hill Arc is a bimodal volcanic arc and associated sediments that formed over a west-dipping subduction zone during the Ordovician period (c. 475 - 450 million years ago (Ma)) as part of the Taconic orogeny. These rocks are presently well exposed along the Connecticut River valley of Vermont and New Hampshire. The arc is evidenced by plutonism and extrusive volcanism, including the Ammonoosuc Volcanics (c. 461 Ma from U/Pb zircon dates) and the overlying Partridge Formation (c. 457 Ma from graptolites in the formation). It is related to the slightly older Shelburne Falls arc that lies to the west. These rocks were metamorphosed and deformed during the Acadian Orogeny and the Alleghenian Orogeny.

Extrusive rock
Extrusive rock refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. In contrast, intrusive rock refers to rocks formed by magma which cools below the surface.

The main effect of extrusion is that the magma can cool much more quickly in the open air or under seawater, and there is little time for the growth of crystals. Sometimes, a residual portion of the matrix fails to crystallize at all, instead becoming a natural glass like obsidian.

If the magma contains abundant volatile components which are released as free gas, then it may cool with large or small vesicles (bubble-shaped cavities) such as in pumice, scoria, or vesicular basalt. Other examples of extrusive rocks are rhyolite and andesite.