hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Alabama Amendment 2
The State Abortion Policy Amendment, also known as Amendment 2, was a legislatively referred constitutional amendment that appeared on the ballot in the U.S. state of Alabama on November 6, 2018. The measure amended the Constitution of Alabama to remove any and all protections for both abortion access and funding and codified protections for unborn children. It was approved by 59% of voters.

The amendment itself did not prohibit abortion in Alabama due to federal protections via Roe v. Wade. Following the passage of Amendment 2, in May 2019, a near-total abortion ban was signed into law by Governor Kay Ivey. The abortion ban was blocked by a federal judge in October 2019, though it would go into effect again on June 24, 2022, following the Dobbs decision by the United States Supreme Court.

Constitution of Alabama
The Constitution of the State of Alabama is the state constitution of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was adopted on November 28, 2022, as a recodification of the Alabama Constitution of 1901 which had been in effect since November 28, 1901, with the current version being Alabama's seventh constitution, making it the most recent of the 50 U.S. state constitutions.

The Constitution of Alabama is currently the longest active written constitution in the world at 369,380 words, more than two-and-a-half times the length of the second-longest, the English language version of the Constitution of India, and roughly three-fifths of the length of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, a novel renowned for its extraordinary length.
Bel Air Fire
The Bel Air Fire was a disaster that began as a brush fire on November 6, 1961 in the Bel Air community of Los Angeles. The fire destroyed 484 homes and burned 6,090 acres (24.6 km2) At least 200 firemen were injured with mostly eye injuries due to the smoke and flying embers.  The fire was fueled by strong Santa Ana winds.

Multiple celebrities were affected by the fire. Actors Dennis Hopper and Brooke Hayward, Burt Lancaster, Joan Fontaine, and Zsa Zsa Gabor, comedian Joe E. Brown, Nobel laureate chemist Willard Libby, composers Lukas Foss and Conrad Salinger, and writer Aldous Huxley all lost homes in the fire. Others that fought flames before they evacuated were former Vice President Richard Nixon, actor Robert Taylor, film producer Keith Daniels and orchestra leader Billy Vaughn.

The fire's precise cause was never determined, but it was believed to be accidental.

Billy Vaughn
William Vaughn, popularly known as Billy Vaughn (born Richard Smith Vaughn, April 12, 1919 – September 26, 1991) was an American musician, singer, multi-instrumentalist, orchestra leader, and A&R man for Dot Records.
Leucopogon tenuis
Leucopogon tenuis is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with slender, wand-like branches, linear or narrowly lance-shaped leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers arranged in cylindrical spikes on the ends of branches.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Reunification Democratic Party
The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP; Korean: 통일민주당; lit. United Democratic Party) was a political party of South Korea from 1987 to 1990. The party was established in April 1987 by Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam, splitting from the New Korean Democratic Party. The party faced another split later that year with Kim Dae-jung and his followers organizing Peace Democratic Party. The party later merged with conservative Democratic Justice Party and New Democratic Republican Party in January 1990. The party members who opposed the merger formed the Democratic Party. The party had strong support in the Southeastern region of the country, including the South Gyeongsang Province and the city of Busan.

South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상남도, romanized: Gyeongsangnam-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.nam.do]) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.
Lac Bay
Lac Bay is a shallow bay on the south-eastern coast of the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean Netherlands. It has a fringing reef at its mouth and contains about 100 ha of mangroves as well as a small harbour for fishing vessels. Its seagrass beds are used by sea turtles. It has been designated a Ramsar site as a wetland of international importance.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Krishna Singh (golfer)
Krishna Singh is a Fijian golfer and the brother of Hall of Fame golfer Vijay Singh. He has been featured in the top 600 in the Official World Golf Ranking in the 1990s. He has played on the PGA Tour of Australasia and his best career finish was 5th at the 1992 Perak Masters.

PGA Tour of Australasia
The PGA Tour of Australasia, currently titled as the Challenger PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for men, owned and operated by the PGA of Australia. Official events on the tour count for World Golf Ranking points.
Crossair Flight 498
Crossair Flight 498 was a scheduled commuter flight from Zurich, Switzerland, to Dresden, Germany. On 10 January 2000, the Saab 340B operating the flight crashed two minutes after takeoff in the Swiss municipality of Niederhasli, killing all 10 passengers and crew. It was one of two fatal crashes for Crossair during its existence; the other was Crossair Flight 3597 which crashed less than two years later during approach to Zurich.

The accident was investigated by the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), and a final report was issued in 2004. The AAIB concluded that the crash was due to a loss of control resulting from multiple pilot errors.: pp.104–107

Phenazepam
Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, first developed in the Soviet Union in 1975, and now produced in Russia and several other countries.

Phenazepam is used in the treatment of various mental disorders such as psychiatric schizophrenia and anxiety. It can be used as a premedication before surgery as it augments the effects of anesthetics. In 2009,phenazepam has gained popularity as a recreational drug; misuse has been reported in the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, and the United States.
Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation
Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation (SLISO) was a minor political party led by Sligo County Councillor Declan Bree. It was set up in 1974 and contested local elections to Sligo County Council and Dáil Éireann elections for the Sligo–Leitrim constituency. The group stood other candidates but Bree was the only candidate ever elected for the group. In 1991 the group merged with the Labour Party and Bree was elected as a Labour Party TD at the 1992 general election. Bree resigned from the Labour Party in 2007.

1992 Irish general election
The 1992 Irish general election to the 27th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 25 November, almost three weeks after the dissolution of the 26th Dáil on 5 November by President Mary Robinson, on the request of Taoiseach Albert Reynolds following a defeat of the government in a motion of confidence. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, under a revision in the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1990. Three referendums on abortion were held on the same date.

The 27th Dáil met at Leinster House on 14 December 1992 to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. No government was formed on that date, but on 12 January 1993, Reynolds was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 23rd government of Ireland, a coalition government of Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party.
Gongxian Arsenal
Gongxian Arsenal (simplified Chinese: 巩县兵工厂; traditional Chinese: 鞏縣兵工廠; pinyin: Gǒngxiàn Bīnggōngchǎng) was an arsenal located in Gong County, Henan (now Gongyi). During the Second Sino-Japanese War the arsenal was a major producer of small arms for Chinese forces.

Gongyi
Gongyi (simplified Chinese: 巩义市; traditional Chinese: 鞏義市; pinyin: Gǒngyì Shì), formerly Gong County (巩县; 鞏縣; Gǒngxiàn), is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. It has a population of 790,000 people and an area of 1,041 km2 (402 sq mi).
Bang Kaeo (town)
Bang Kaeo (Thai: บางแก้ว) is a town (Thesaban Mueang) which covers the entire Bang Kaeo Subdistrict, located in the Bang Phli District (Amphoe) of Samut Prakan Province in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region of Central Thailand. In 2019, it had a total population of 59,478 people.

Central Thailand
Central Thailand (also known as Siam, Siam proper or Dvaravati) is one of the regions of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. Located in the central plains, it is separated from northeast Thailand (Isan) by the Phetchabun mountain range. The Tenasserim Hills separate it from Myanmar to the west. In the north it is bounded by the Phi Pan Nam Range, one of the hilly systems of northern Thailand. The area was the heartland of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (at times referred to as Siam) and is still the dominant area of Thailand since it contains the world's most primate city, Bangkok.
3rd Armoured Regiment (New Zealand)
The 3rd Armoured Regiment was a Territorial Force regiment of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps, New Zealand Army. The Regiment was formed on 29 March 1944 by amalgamating the Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry, Otago Mounted Rifles and the Nelson-Marlborough Mounted Rifles. It was equipped with a mixture of Valentine and Stuart tanks, but was demobilized later that year. The regiment only existed on paper until 1949 when Compulsory military training was reintroduced. The reformed regiment was placed under 4th Armoured Brigade and continued to use the same tanks it had used during the Second World War. By 1956 New Zealand had refocused its defense focus on South East Asia where it was thought that armoured units would be less effective. 3rd Armoured Regiment was placed into suspended animation and later disbanded in 1965.

Compulsory military training in New Zealand
Compulsory military training (CMT), a form of conscription, was practised for males in New Zealand between 1909 and 1972. Military training in New Zealand has been voluntary before then and ever since.
Göscheneralpsee
Göscheneralpsee is a reservoir in the municipality of Göschenen, Canton of Uri, Switzerland. The volume of the reservoir is 76 million cubic metres (62,000 acre⋅ft) and its surface area 1.32 km2 (0.51 sq mi).

Göschenen
Göschenen (Italian: Casinotta, Romansh: Caschanuttais) is a village and municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It sits at the northern end of the Gotthard tunnel. The Göschenen riots (1875) saw Urner troops opening fire on Italian miners demonstrating for better working conditions and wages on the tunnel's construction site.
Delegitimisation
Delegitimisation (also spelled delegitimization) is the withdrawal of legitimacy, usually from some institution such as a state, cultural practice, etc. which may have acquired it explicitly or implicitly, by statute or accepted practice. It is a sociopsychological process which undermines or marginalises an entity by presenting facts and/or value judgments that are construed to withdraw legitimacy and can in some cases be a self-justifying mechanism, with the ultimate goal of justifying harm of an outgroup.

The concept applies to a wide spectrum of social contexts ranging from disputes about political entities to chronic illnesses.

Harm
Harm is a moral and legal concept with multiple definitions. It generally functions as a synonym for evil or anything that is bad under certain moral systems. Something that causes harm is harmful, and something that does not is harmless.
Awa-Kwaiker
The Awá, also known as the Kwaiker or Awa-Kwaiker, are an ancient indigenous people of Ecuador and Colombia. They primarily inhabit the provinces of Carchi and Sucumbios in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia, particularly the departments of Nariño and Putumayo. Their population is around 32,555. They speak a language called Awa Pit.

Carchi Province
Carchi (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾtʃi]) is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Tulcán. The Carchi River rises on the slopes of Chiles volcano and forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador near Tulcan.  Rumichaca Bridge is the most important land route between Colombia and Ecuador.
Mokauea station
Mokauea station (also known as Kalihi station) is a planned Skyline station in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. It will be built as part of Segment 3 of the Skyline route, scheduled to open in 2031.

The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019. The name of this station, Mokauea, is derived from an ancient place name and refers to the largest island off the Kalihi ahupuaʻa. Construction began in 2025 and is ongoing.

Ahupuaʻa
Ahupuaʻa (pronounced [əhupuˈwɐʔə]) is a Hawaiian term for a large traditional socioeconomic, geologic, and climatic subdivision of land. It usually extends from the mountains to the sea and generally includes one or more complete watersheds and marine resources. The predominant traditional system in the eight high islands of the main Hawaiian Islands was based on the ahupuaʻa. Each ahupua‘a contained a cross section of island resources and they were managed within a complex social system associated with each area. The general belief is that each ahupua‘a met the needs of the local population, with excess for tribute and trade.
The Stone Killer
The Stone Killer is a 1973 American action neo noir thriller film produced and directed by Michael Winner and starring Charles Bronson. It came out in between The Mechanic (1972) and Death Wish (1974), all three of which teamed up actor/director Bronson and Winner. Norman Fell and John Ritter appear as cops in this film, not too long before they would reunite for the TV series Three's Company. Ritter would also soon be reunited with co-star Ralph Waite for The Waltons. Character actor Stuart Margolin plays a significant role; he also appeared in Death Wish. It was one of many Dirty Harry-type films featuring rogue cops who don't "play by the rules" that were released in the wake of that film's success. Cristina Raines can briefly be seen as the daughter of Waite's character; Winner would later hire Raines for the leading role in The Sentinel.

Stuart Margolin
Stuart Margolin (January 31, 1940 – December 12, 2022) was an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He was known for playing Evelyn "Angel" Martin on the 1970s television series The Rockford Files, winning two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. He received an additional two Emmy nominations for his directing work, and was also a Directors Guild of America Award winner.
The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live
The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, recorded on November 10, 1956, at Carnegie Hall in New York City. The two sets promoted Billie Holiday's autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues.

Lady Sings the Blues (song)
"Lady Sings the Blues" is a song written by jazz singer Billie Holiday and jazz pianist Herbie Nichols.

It is the title song to her 1956 album, released on Clef/Verve Records (MGC 721/Verve MV 2047).

The song was also chosen to be the title of the 1956 autobiography by Holiday and author William Dufty, and the 1972 movie starring Diana Ross as Holiday.
Phase noise
In signal processing, phase noise is the frequency-domain representation of random fluctuations in the phase of a waveform, corresponding to time-domain deviations from perfect periodicity (jitter).  Generally speaking, radio-frequency engineers speak of the phase noise of an oscillator, whereas digital-system engineers work with the jitter of a clock.

Microwave Journal
Microwave Journal (abbreviated as MWJ), ISSN 0192-6225, is an American magazine. It was established in 1958 as an industry technical journal covering RF and microwave applications for practicing engineers and scientists. It is indexed and abstracted in the Science Citation Index The print magazine reaches 50,000 qualified readers monthly (print and digital distribution). The journal articles are reviewed for impact, relevance and accuracy by their editorial review board making them the only industry journal that is peer reviewed in this market.  It had an impact factor of 0.35 in 2018 according to the Web of Science Journal list. It also publishes in Chinese bi-monthly reaching 10,000 readers in China. In 2017, a sister journal covering high speed digital applications was launched called Signal Integrity Journal. Both magazines are free to qualified subscribers and are advertiser supported.
Glycosyl
In organic chemistry, a glycosyl group is a univalent free radical or substituent structure obtained by removing the hydroxyl (−OH) group from the hemiacetal (−CH(OH)O−) group found in the cyclic form of a monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide. Glycosyl groups are exchanged during glycosylation from the glycosyl donor, the electrophile, to the glycosyl acceptor, the nucleophile. The outcome of the glycosylation reaction is largely dependent on the reactivity of each partner. Glycosyl also reacts with inorganic acids, such as phosphoric acid, forming an ester such as glucose 1-phosphate.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Koskelo
Koskelo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juho Koskelo (1870–1942), Finnish-American singer and cellist

Kaarlo Koskelo (1888–1953), Finnish wrestler

Pauliine Koskelo (born 1956), President of the Supreme Court of Finland

Roosa Koskelo, Finnish volleyball player

Pauliine Koskelo
Pauliine Koskelo (née Järvelä, born 22 June 1956) was appointed President of the Supreme Court of Finland in 2005. On 21 April 2015 she was elected as a judge to the European Court of Human Rights by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Sergei Barkalov
Sergei Nikolayevich Barkalov (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Баркалов; born 1 March 1973) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He works as a goalkeepers coach with FC Zenit Irkutsk.

FC Zenit Irkutsk
FC Zenit Irkutsk (Russian: «Зенит» (Иркутск)) is a defunct Russian football team from Irkutsk. It was founded in 2003 and participated in amateur competitions. Before the 2016–17 season, it was licensed to play in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League after another Irkutsk team, FC Baikal Irkutsk, failed to get a license. On 1 April 2021, the club announced that they will be dissolved due to lack of financing. From 2010 to 2013, it was called FC Zenit-Rekord Irkutsk.
2018 United States Senate election in Montana
The 2018 United States Senate election in Montana was held on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Montana, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

This was one of ten Democratic-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2016 presidential election. Incumbent Democratic Senator Jon Tester was reelected to a third term, defeating Republican State Auditor Matt Rosendale. Rosendale conceded on November 7, 2018. This was the first Senate election in which Tester received a majority of votes. As of 2025, this is the last time Democrats won a congressional and/or statewide election in Montana.

Following his loss, Rosendale went on to run for Montana's vacant congressional seat in 2020 and won, taking office in the U.S. House of Representatives in January 2021.

CatholicVote.org
CatholicVote.org is a conservative, non-profit political advocacy group based in the United States. While the organization acknowledges the authority of the Magisterium, it is independent of the Catholic Church.
1910 Western State Normal Hilltoppers football team
The 1910 Western State Normal Hilltoppers football team represented Western State Normal School (later renamed Western Michigan University) as an independent during the 1910 college football season.  Head coach William H. Spaulding was the head coach. Halfback Alvin Berger was the team captain.

1910 college football season
The 1910 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Pittsburgh as having been retrospectively selected national champions, by four "major selectors" in about 1927, 1947, 1980 and 2003. Harvard claims a national championship for the 1910 season. Auburn also claims a national title based on a selection in Richard Billingsley's unrevised original math system.