hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
King of cheeses
The title is informal, and there is no standard definition, but a few are more consistently called that than others, especially in their countries of origin:

Parmigiano Reggiano in Italy: 187

Brie de Meaux: at the Congress of Vienna (1814). In fact, it was declared Prince des fromages, et premier des desserts ('Prince of cheeses, and first among desserts'), which only later became "king of cheeses, cheese of kings".: 87, 185

Roquefort in France: Frédéric Leblanc du Vernet, 1869: 627

Époisses: Brillat-Savarin, early 19th century: 254

Stilton in England (1912)

Cheddar in England

Cheeses are idiosyncratically named "kings" of particular types of cheese by individual writers: Maroilles, the king of strong cheeses; Halloumi, the "king of cooking cheeses"; Västerbotten, the king of Swedish cheeses; and Emmental, the king of Swiss cheeses.

Sometimes lower ranks of nobility are used for other cheeses, e.g., Camembert, the "prince" of cheeses.

Stilton cheese
Stilton is an English cheese, produced in two varieties: blue, which has Penicillium roqueforti added to generate a characteristic smell and taste, and white, which does not. Both have been granted the status of a protected designation of origin (PDO) by the European Commission, requiring that only such cheese produced in the three counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire may be called Stilton. The cheese takes its name from the village of Stilton, now in Cambridgeshire, where the cheese was originally sold but not made, and cannot be made because it is not in one of the three permitted counties.
Jarak Island
Jarak Island (Malay: Pulau Jarak / ڤولاو جارق) is an island in the straits of Malacca. It is administered as part of Perak, Malaysia. The island is granitic, heavily forested, and has a rocky shoreline. Jarak has been described as being 8 hectares (20 acres) in size.

The island is home to an endemic species of gecko, the Jarak Island bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus jarakensis). The waters around the island host a number of coral reefs.

A notable, extensive survey of the island was documented by John Wyatt-Smith and Michael Tweedie in 1950, who were part of an expedition investigating scrub typhus on the island.

Scrub typhus
Scrub typhus or bush typhus  is a form of typhus caused by the intracellular parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium of family Rickettsiaceae first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan.

Although the disease is similar in presentation to other forms of typhus, its pathogen is no longer included in genus Rickettsia with the typhus bacteria proper, but in Orientia. The disease is thus frequently classified separately from the other typhi.
Amy Fote
Amy Fote is an American former professional ballet dancer and was a principal dancer with the Houston Ballet and the Milwaukee Ballet.

Born in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, Fote trained with the Jean Wolfmeyer School of Dance in Wisconsin, the National Academy of Art, and the Interlochen Arts Academy. She is a 1990 graduate of the Harid Conservatory in Boca Raton, Florida.

After graduating, Fote joined the Milwaukee Ballet, where she danced for 14 years, eventually rising to the rank of principal dancer. During that time she danced in Yves de Bouteiller's group "Et Toi, Tu Danses?", appeared in the televised PBS documentary Dancing Anna Karenina, and spent nine summers performing with the Chautauqua Summer Ballet Company in New York City.

In 2004, she performed the lead role in Stanton Welch's Madame Butterfly at the Royal New Zealand Ballet. Welch then invited her to join Houston Ballet as a first soloist in 2005, at the age of 33. She was promoted to principal dancer in 2006.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Mahniči
Mahniči (pronounced [ˈmaːxnitʃi]; Italian: Machinici) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Sežana in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Anthony the Hermit and belongs to the Parish of Štjak.

Anthony the Hermit
Anthony the Hermit (c. 468 – c. 520), also known as Anthony of Lérins, was an anchorite. He was born in the ancient Roman province of Pannonia Valeria (now Hungary), then part of the Hunnic Empire. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
Lumbayanague
Lumbayanague, officially the Municipality of Lumbayanague (Maranao: Inged a Lumbayanague; Tagalog: Bayan ng Lumabayanague), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 19,091 people.

Maranao language
Maranao (Filipino: Wikang Mëranaw; Jawi: باسا أ مراناو), sometimes spelled as Maranaw, Meranaw, or Mëranaw, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and their respective cities of Marawi and Iligan located in the Philippines, as well found also in Sabah, Malaysia. It is spoken among the Moros within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

It is closer to Iranun than to Maguindanao within the Danao subgroup.
ZFKK-FM
106.1 Kiss FM (106.1 FM) is an adult contemporary music formatted radio station in the Cayman Islands. The station is owned by dms Broadcasting, an affiliate of dms Organization.

The station maintains studio operations in George Town, Grand Cayman. The broadcast is also simultaneously streamed live on the internet via the station's website.

Grand Cayman
Grand Cayman is the largest of the three Cayman Islands and the location of the territory's capital, George Town. In relation to the other two Cayman Islands, it is approximately 75 miles (121 km) southwest of Little Cayman and 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Cayman Brac.
Fiege Logistik
Fiege Logistik (stylised FIEGE) is a German, family-owned contract logistics company headquartered in Greven, North Rhine-Westphalia. Founded in 1873 as a local haulage business, the group develops and operates warehousing and fulfillment solutions for sectors including fashion, consumer, healthcare and industry, and offers related digital services, transport and customs brokerage across Europe and parts of Asia. In 2024 the group reported roughly €2 billion in revenue and a workforce of about 23,000 across more than 130 locations.

Greven
Greven (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁeːvn̩] ⓘ; Westphalian: Graiwen) is a medium-sized town in the district of Steinfurt, in Germany's most populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia and close to the city of Münster.
Lower motor neuron lesion
A lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the lower motor neuron(s) in the anterior horn/anterior grey column of the spinal cord, or in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, to the relevant muscle(s).

One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis – paralysis accompanied by loss of muscle tone. This is in contrast to an upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis – paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia.

Plantar reflex
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms.  In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion).

An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.

While first described in the medical literature by Babinski in 1896, the reflex has been identified in art at least as early as Botticelli's Virgin and Child with an Angel, painted in the mid-15th century.
STK39
STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STK39 gene.

This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress.
Some studies suggest that this gene might be linked to high blood pressure.

Cotransporter
Cotransporters are a subcategory of membrane transport proteins (transporters) that couple the favorable movement of one molecule with its concentration gradient and unfavorable movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient. They enable coupled or cotransport (secondary active transport) and include antiporters and symporters. In general, cotransporters consist of two out of the three classes of integral membrane proteins known as transporters that move molecules and ions across biomembranes. Uniporters are also transporters but move only one type of molecule down its concentration gradient and are not classified as cotransporters.
Yarrow, Missouri
Yarrow is an unincorporated community in southwestern Adair County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Supplemental Route N, approximately ten miles (16 km) southwest of Kirksville. Yarrow's post office has closed and mail now comes from Kirksville.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
New York Maritime Pipe and Drum Corps
The New York Maritime Regimental Pipe & Drum Corps is a pipe band made up of officers and cadets of the SUNY Maritime College located in Fort Schuyler, New York. New York Maritime is one of only two pipe bands representing the United States Merchant Marine, the other being the Maine Maritime Pipe & Drum Corps.

State University of New York Maritime College
The State University of New York Maritime College (SUNY Maritime College) is a public maritime college in the Bronx, New York City. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.  Founded in 1874, the SUNY Maritime College was the first college of its kind (federally approved, offering commercial nautical instruction) to be founded in the United States and is one of only seven degree-granting maritime academies in the United States.
Meadia abyssalis
Meadia abyssalis, the abyssal cutthroat eel, is an eel in the family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels). It was described by Toshiji Kamohara in 1938. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including Brazil, the Hancock Seamount, the Hawaiian and Society islands, Japan, Mauritius, and Réunion. It is found off the continental slope, and dwells at a depth range of 100–329 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 73 centimetres.

Cutthroat eel
Cutthroat eels are a family, Synaphobranchidae, of eels, the only members of the suborder Synaphobranchoidei. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.

Cutthroat eels range from 23 to 160 cm (9.1 to 63.0 in) in length. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found in deep waters down to about 3,700 m (12,100 ft). They are distinguished by the presence of telescopic eyes in the larvae.  In some classifications (for example, ITIS), this family is split, with Simenchelys in its own family, the Simenchelyidae.
Drosscape
Drosscape is an urban design framework that looks at urbanized regions as the waste product of defunct economic and industrial processes.  The concept was realized by Alan Berger, professor of urban design at MIT, and is part of a new vocabulary and aesthetic that could be useful for the redesign and adaptive reuse of ‘waste landscapes’ within urbanized regions.

Adaptive reuse
Adaptive reuse is the reuse of an existing building for a purpose other than that for which it was originally built or designed. It is also known as recycling or conversion. The adaptive reuse of buildings can be a viable alternative to new construction in terms of sustainability and a circular economy, and it has been used to create affordable housing, among other developments.
Cayman Islands at the 2023 Pan American Games
The Cayman Islands competed at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile from October 20 to November 5, 2023. This was the Cayman Islands's 10th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the Games since 1987.

The Cayman Islands team consisted of seven athletes competing in four sports. Swimmers James Allison and Sierrah Broadbelt were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile two male members of the delegation were the flagbearers during the closing ceremony. Golfer Justin Hastings and Noel Squire competing in the concurrently occurring Pan American E-sports Championships were the flagbearers.

1987 Pan American Games
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Martin Wildauer
Martin Wildauer (born 27 November 1987) is an Austrian strongman. He is an entrant to the World's Strongest Man as well as a well-known figure in Strongman Champions League and the Giants Live franchises.

Wildauer is the current world record holder in the Bavarian stonelift and was known for his deadlifting.

Strongman
Strongman is a competitive strength sport that tests athletes' physical strength and endurance through a variety of heavy lifts and events. Strongman competitions are known for their intensity, pushing athletes to their physical and mental limits. In modern strongman, athletes compete to score points based on their relative position in an event. An athlete who engages in the sport of strongman is also called a 'strongman'. They are often regarded as some of the strongest men of the world.
Bernard Tamas
Bernard Tamas is an American professor of political science at Valdosta State University. He was formerly a visiting Research Scholar at Columbia University and has taught at Illinois State University, Williams College, and Brandeis University. He was a Fulbright scholar to the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary, and a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Harvard-MIT Data Center.

Tamas received grants from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab and the Centennial Center Research Grants program of the American Political Science Association for his project on voter suppression and electoral bias. Findings from this project were published in The Conversation. His opinions on third parties in the United States politics are published in academic journals and media outlets including NPR, Associated Press, C-SPAN, ABC, CBS News, and The Hill.

Harvard-MIT Data Center
The Harvard-MIT Data Center (HMDC) provides multi-disciplinary information technology support for social science research and education at Harvard and MIT. Established in the early 1960s the HMDC was meant to be the original data center for political and social science at Harvard University, and over time it has evolved into an information technology service provider that transcends many educational fields.
Katabangan language
Katabangan (Catanauan "Ayta", also called Catanauanin) is an extinct Aeta language that was spoken in the Bondoc Peninsula of Quezon Province, southern Luzon in the Philippines. It is misspelled Katabaga in Ethnologue.

The Katabangan have completely switched to Filipino. Katabangan is also used by some people in the Bikol Region to refer to mixed-blood Agta. Zubiri believes it is likely related to Inagta Alabat and to the Manide of western and central Camarines Norte.

Catanauan
Catanauan, officially the Municipality of Catanauan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Catanauan),  is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 76,250 people.
Thomas Nimene Botoe
Thomas Nimene Botoe (December 25, 1912 – August 20, 1969) was a Liberian politician, Governor of the Kru Community in Monrovia.

During the presidency of William V.S. Tubman, he was accused of a role in  "The Plot That Failed". Along with Nettie-Sie Brownell, Gbaflen Davies, and S. Raymond Horace, he was charged with sedition and high treason, and jailed and tortured. He was eventually pardoned by Tubman along with the other leaders and finally exonerated by President William R. Tolbert Jr, in 1974 after Tubman's death. A street named Botoe Avenue in New Kru Town was dedicated in his honor.

Kru people
The Kru, Krao, Kroo, or Krou are a West African ethnic group who are indigenous to western Ivory Coast and eastern Liberia. European and American writers often called Kru men who enlisted as sailors or mariners Krumen. They migrated and settled along various points of the West African coast, notably Freetown, Sierra Leone, but also the Ivorian and Nigerian coasts. The Kru-speaking people are a large ethnic group that is made up of several sub-ethnic groups in Liberia and Ivory Coast. In Liberia, there are 48 sub-sections of Kru tribes, including the Jlao Kru. These tribes include Bété, Bassa, Krumen, Guéré, Grebo, Klao/Krao, Dida, Krahn people and Jabo people.
Manchester Female Reform Society
Manchester Female Reform Society was formed in July 1819. Based in Manchester, England, its aim was to spread democratic ideals among women.

The Blackburn Female Reform Society was established in early July 1819 and sent a circular to other districts of Lancashire, inviting the wives and daughters of the workmen in the different branches of manufacturing to form themselves into similar societies. On 20 July 1819, numerous women of Manchester formed themselves into a Society of Female Reformers. The secretary was Susanna Saxton and the President was Mary Fildes who soon after stood on the platform with Henry Hunt, the key orator at the Peterloo Massacre. The Society flag had the figure of Justice on it. In the first week of the formation of the Society 1000 members joined it.

Henry Hunt (politician)
Henry "Orator" Hunt (6 November 1773 – 13 February 1835) was an English radical speaker and agitator remembered as a pioneer of working-class radicalism and an important influence on the later Chartist movement. He advocated parliamentary reform and the repeal of the Corn Laws. He was the first member of parliament to advocate for women's suffrage; in 1832 he presented a petition to parliament from a woman asking for the right to vote. He was the leading figure in the events leading to Peterloo massacre.
Joseph Hunt (priest)
Joseph Hunt D.D. (b Kingsclere 16 March 1681 - d Astrop 15 March 1726) was Master of Balliol College, Oxford from 1722 until his death.

Davey graduated B.A. from Balliol in 1700; M.A. in 1703; and B.D. in 1718. He was ordained into the Church of England in 1705; and held Livings at Nether Stowey and Fillingham.

Nether Stowey
Nether Stowey is a large village in Somerset, South West England. It sits in the foothills of the Quantock Hills (England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty), just below Over Stowey. The parish of Nether Stowey covers approximately 4 km2, with a population of 1,482 (2021 census).
Thanjavur doll
The Thanjavur doll is a type of traditional Indian bobblehead or roly-poly toy made of terracotta material. The centre of gravity and total weight of the doll is concentrated at its bottom-most point, generating a dance-like continuous movement with slow oscillations. These toys are traditionally handmade, finished with detailed, painted exteriors. They have been recognized as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India as of 2008-09.

Roly-poly toy
A roly-poly toy, roly-poly doll, round-bottomed doll, tilting doll, tumbler, wobbly man, wobble doll, or kelly is a round-bottomed toy, usually egg-shaped, that tends to right itself when pushed at an angle, and does this in seeming contradiction to how it should fall.
Chiajarjapata
Chiajarjapata (possibly from Aymara ch'iyara black, k'ark'a crevice, fissure, crack, pata step, "black crevice step") is a 5,014-metre-high (16,450 ft) mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Chiajarjapata Pata lies southeast of Macho Ritti, Tocra and Ananta near a lake named Mancacocha.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Oscar Akermo
Oscar Åkermo is a Swedish tattoo artist based in New York City. He is best known for tattooing notable people such as TJ Dillashaw, Alexander DeLeon, Marco Scandella, Sebastian Ingrosso and Miriam Bryant, and for pioneering the modern black and gray tattooing style.

Miriam Bryant
Miriam Melanie Bryant (born 8 March 1991) is a Swedish singer and songwriter. On 14 February 2016, she became the first act to simultaneously hold the top three entries on the Svensktoppen weekly record chart since its original release on 13 October 1962.
The Herdsman
The Herdsman (simplified Chinese: 牧马人; traditional Chinese: 牧馬人; pinyin: Mù Mǎ Rén) is a 1982 Chinese film about the life of a herdsman in western China from 1950s through the Cultural Revolution, and his reunion with his father from America. It was produced by the Shanghai Film Studio and directed by Xie Jin, starring Zhu Shimao. It is based on a novel by Zhang Xianliang.

Zhang Xianliang
Zhang Xianliang (Chinese: 张贤亮; December 1936 – 27 September 2014) was a Chinese novelist, essayist, and poet, and former president of the Chinese Writers Association in Ningxia. He was detained as a political prisoner during the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1957, until his political rehabilitation in 1979. His most well known works, including Half of Man is Woman and Grass Soup, were semi-autobiographical reflections on his life experiences in prison and in witnessing the political upheaval of China during the Cultural Revolution.