hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jamaica at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Jamaica sent a delegation to compete at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England from 29 July to 14 August 1948. This was the nation's first appearance at the Summer Olympic Games since they became a member of the International Olympic Committee back in 1936.

Jamaica delegation's consisted of 13 competitors competing in three sports with 10 of them competing in the athletics where they recorded their first medal in Olympic history when Arthur Wint secured a silver medal in the men's 800 metres before claiming the nation's first gold medal three days later in the 400 metres as he finished ahead of fellow Jamaican Herb McKenley. The other three competitors competed in the boxing and weightlifting respectively as the nation finished 20th in the standings.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event at the 1948 Olympic Games took place July 30, July 31 and August 2. Forty-one athletes from 24 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by the American Mal Whitfield. It was the first of Whitfield's two wins in the event, the second of four consecutive American victories, and the fifth overall United States win in the 800 metres. Arthur Wint earned Jamaica's first Olympic medal in their debut games with silver; he would take gold in the 400 metres a few days later. Marcel Hansenne took France's first 800 metres medal with bronze.
World War II in the Basque Country
World War II in the Basque Country (a region in northern Spain and southwestern France) refers to the period extending from 1940 to 1945. It affected the French Basque Country (a region in  southwest France), but also bordering areas across the Pyrenees on account of the instability following the end of the Spanish Civil War, and the friendly ties between Germany, Vichy France, and the triumphant Spanish military dictatorship.

Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis (French pronunciation: [maki] ⓘ) were rural guerrilla bands of French and Belgian Resistance fighters, called maquisards, during World War II. Initially, they were composed of young, mostly working-class men who had escaped into the mountains and forests to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO; 'Compulsory Work Service') which provided forced labor for Germany. To avoid capture and deportation to Germany, they became increasingly organized into active resistance groups.

They had an estimated 25,000 to 40,000 members in autumn of 1943 and approximately 100,000 members in June 1944.
Adenia subsessilifolia
Adenia subsessilifolia is a species of flowering plant in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae, described by Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie. Adenia subsessilifolia is endemic to southern Madagascar. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie
Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf maʁi ɑ̃ʁi alfʁɛd pɛʁje də la bati]; 11 August 1873 – 2 October 1958) was a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madagascar.

He is the nephew of Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie, (1825-1916), another botanist, who also collected plants with him.

He delineated the two chief floristic provinces of Madagascar (see Ecoregions of Madagascar). Some of his works include La végétation malgache (1921), Biogéographie de plantes de Madagascar (1936), and numerous volumes of the series Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (1946-1952).
Vysoká hole
Vysoká hole (German: Hohe Heide) is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of 1,465 m (4,806 ft) above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Malá Morávka, on the historical border between Silesia and Moravia.

Bruntál
Bruntál (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbruntaːl]; German: Freudenthal) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Simon Tam
Simon Tam (born March 30, 1981) is an American author, musician, activist, and entrepreneur. He is best known as the bassist and founder of the Asian American dance-rock band, the Slants, who won their case against the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office at the United States Supreme Court. The case, Matal v. Tam, was a landmark legal battle that clarified First Amendment rights in trademark law. The court ruled unanimously in Tam's favor, holding that trademark registrations may not be rejected under the Disparagement Clause of the Lanham Act (1946) since that would be considered viewpoint discrimination; this includes, as in Tam's case, trademarks using such language filed by members of minority groups who wish to reclaim slurs that would have been previously denied.

Lanham Act
The Lanham (Trademark) Act (Pub. L. 79–489, 60 Stat. 427, enacted July 5, 1946, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1051 et seq. (15 U.S.C. ch. 22) is the primary federal statute governing trademark law in the United States.

The Lanham Act establishes a national system of trademark registration and grants owners of federally registered trademarks the right to pursue civil remedies for trademark infringement, trademark dilution, cybersquatting, and false advertising.
Iñaki Villanueva
Iñaki Villanueva Martín (born 10 February 1991) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. He competed for Spain 7s at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil. He was part of the squad that won the 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament in Monaco and he played in the Olympic tournament.

His brother is Alejandro Villanueva, a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL).

Spain national rugby sevens team
Spain's national rugby sevens team is one of 12 core teams participating in all ten tournaments of the World Rugby Sevens Series, having qualified by winning the 2017 Hong Kong Sevens qualifier tournament. Spain participated as a core team in the 2012–13 IRB Sevens World Series, but was relegated the following season.

The team trains together at the country's Olympic training facilities in Madrid, which itself has been a result of the sport entering its first Olympic cycle. Spain won the 2016 Olympic qualifying repechage tournament by beating Samoa 22–19 to qualify for the last available qualifying spot for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

The team also competes annually in Rugby Europe's Sevens Grand Prix Series tournament.
Anatomy of Murder
Anatomy of Murder is a 2015 Australian whodunnit - video game and is the debut work of Darren McNamara's company DM Financial Services. According to McNamara, it is the first free-to-play online murder mystery game.

Murder mystery game
A murder mystery game is a type of party game in which players investigate and solve fictitious murders. In many variations, a player secretly plays as a murderer while the others attempt to determine the murderer's identity.

These games typically involve a group of 6 to 20 people.
Jennifer Lopez Collection
The Jennifer Lopez Collection was an American lifestyle brand created by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was sold exclusively in Kohl's department stores and on their website. In Mexico, the collection is sold at department store Coppel. In November 2010, Kohl's announced the partnership with Lopez and her ex-husband Marc Anthony. Following Lopez and Anthony's divorce, the lines were marked as two separate brands. In May 2020, Kohl’s announced it would be removing 8 of its brands, including the Jennifer Lopez Collection, due to the coronavirus pandemic.

The Jennifer Lopez Collection included contemporary sportswear, dresses, handbags, jewelry, shoes, sleepwear, and a home collection.

Marc Anthony
Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), known by the stage name Marc Anthony, is an American singer and actor. He is the top selling salsa artist of all time. A four-time Grammy Award, eight-time Latin Grammy Award and twenty-nine-time Lo Nuestro Awards winner (the most of any male). As of 2014, he had sold more than 12 million albums worldwide.

Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony's achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16, 2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts. He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs.
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all areas of photochemistry and photobiology. It was established in 2002 and is published by  Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. The editors-in-chief are Dario Bassani (University of Bordeaux) and Rex Tyrrell (University of Bath).

University of Bordeaux
The University of Bordeaux (French: Université de Bordeaux, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite də bɔʁdo]) is a public research university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bordeaux, Dax, Gradignan, Périgueux, Pessac, and Talence. There are also several smaller teaching sites in various other towns in the region, including in Bayonne.

The University of Bordeaux counts more than 50,000 students, over 6,000 of which are international. Alumni include three Nobel Prize winners, two members of France's National Assembly, a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and a King of Morocco. It is a member of the ComUE d'Aquitaine university group.
Kiiza Eron
Eron Kiiza (born August 12, 1983) is a Ugandan poet, lawyer, and environmentalist. He is the co-founder of Kiiza & Mugisha Advocates and CEO of The Environment Shield Limited. He is an Advocate of the High Court of Uganda, a member of the Uganda Law Society and the East African Law Society. Eron was nominated for the 2022 European Union Human Rights Defender of the Year award. He was awarded by the National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders Uganda in 2020 as the Central Uganda Human Rights Defender of the Year. He was also recognized by LASPNET as an outstanding Public Interest Lawyer in 2022.

Uganda Law Society
0°20′11″N 32°35′14″E﻿ / ﻿0.336283°N 32.587187°E﻿ / 0.336283; 32.587187

The Uganda Law Society (ULS) is an association of lawyers charged with ensuring professionalism among lawyers in Uganda.

The Uganda Law Society was formed by an act of Parliament in 1956. The ULS is governed by an executive council with representatives from each of the four regions of Uganda. It is a member of the East Africa Law Society, which also includes member countries Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi.
Priti, Nepal
Priti is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,660 people living in 948 individual households.

Around 80 percent of people in Priti are Sunuwar.

Ramechhap District
Ramechhap District (Nepali: रामेछाप जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, also known as Wallo Kirat Ramechhap, has its district headquarters in Manthali and covers an area of 1,546 km2 (597 sq mi). In 2011, the district had a population of 202,646 and population density of 137.4 per km2 (53.1 per sq mi).  It has 11 post offices, with the District Post Office bearing the postal code 45400.

According to EHRP Nepal, the district is made up of eight local municipalities:

Manthali Municipality

Ramechhap Municipality

Umakunda Rural Municipality

Khandadevi Rural Municipality

Gokulganga Rural Municipality

Doramba Rural Municipality

Likhu Rural Municipality

Sunapati Rural Municipality.

Ramechhap District has the highest population of the endangered native group the Kusunda and the lowest population growth rate in Nepal.
2015 Pennsylvania elections
Elections were held in Pennsylvania on November 3, 2015, to fill judicial positions (including three seats on the Supreme Court), to fill a vacancy in the Pennsylvania State Senate, to allow judicial retention votes, and to fill numerous county, local and municipal offices.

The necessary primary elections were held on May 19, 2015.

Pennsylvania Republican Party
The Pennsylvania Republican Party (PAGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the state of Pennsylvania, headquartered in Harrisburg. Its chairman is state senator Greg Rothman.

Along with the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, it is one of the two major political parties in the state. It currently controls one of Pennsylvania's U.S. Senate seats, 10 of the state's 17 U.S. House seats, three of the five statewide offices, and holds a majority in the State Senate.
2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election will take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of Pennsylvania. Primary elections will be held on May 19, 2026. Incumbent Democratic Governor Josh Shapiro announced in January 2026 that he would run for re-election to a second term. This will be one of five Democratic-held governorships up for election in 2026 in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2024 presidential election.

Cris Dush
Cris E. Dush (born March 1, 1961) is an American politician.  A Republican, he has been a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate since 2020, elected from the 25th District. From 2014 to 2020, Dush was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, elected from the 66th District, which then encompassed Jefferson County and Indiana County.
Mario Laguë
Mario Laguë (1958 – August 12, 2010) was a Canadian diplomat and public servant. He served as ambassador to Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua, and at the time of his death, he was the communications director for the Liberal Party of Canada.

Director of communications
Director of communications is a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization's internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesperson and media contact for the organization.

A director of communications may also be called a public relations manager, communications director, or press secretary.

The director of communications usually reports directly to a CxO, including a chief communications officer (CCO) or chief executive officer (CEO) of a company or organization.

In an organization, the director of communications directs the Communications Department. The director of communications may be assisted by a deputy director, clerical staff, and communications specialists and managers.
Summit Theological Seminary
Summit Theological Seminary is a non-accredited Bible college in Peru, Indiana, on U.S. Route 31. The school is affiliated with the Christian churches and churches of Christ. According to the school website, the school was founded in 1984.

Bible college
A Bible college, sometimes referred to as a Bible institute or theological institute or  theological seminary, is an evangelical Christian or Restoration Movement Christian institution of higher education which prepares students for Christian ministry with theological education, Biblical studies and practical ministry training.

Bible colleges primarily offer undergraduate degrees, but may also offer graduate degrees, lower-level associate degrees, certificates or diplomas in specialized areas of Christian training where a full degree is not required.
The Cotswolds (UK Parliament constituency)
The Cotswolds was a constituency in Gloucestershire in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented by Geoffrey Clifton-Brown, a Conservative, since its 1997 creation.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. It was split into two smaller constituencies: North Cotswolds and South Cotswolds, to even up voter numbers relative to other constituencies.

Bourton-on-the-Water
Bourton-on-the-Water is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, that lies on a wide flat vale within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The village had a population of 3,296 at the 2011 census. Much of the village centre is a designated Conservation Area.
CiMPLE
CiMPLE is a visual programming language that tries to visually mimic procedural languages like C/C++.  
Created by robo.in, a venture by Indian Institute of Technology Bombay alumni, using C++ on a Qt 4.+ cross-platform application framework, CiMPLE was awarded by Nokia as the First Qt/C++ Ambassador Application. Motivation to create CiMPLE was to help do away for rote memorization of language syntax while programming a robotic kit.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
Scottish Union
Scottish Union (1935–1954) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and stallion best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1938. He was one of the highest-rated British two-year-olds in 1937, when his wins included the Middle Park Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse. In the following year he ran prominently in all three legs of the Triple Crown, finishing second in the 2000 Guineas and The Derby before his win in the Leger. As a four-year-old he won the Coronation Cup but appeared beaten for stamina in the Ascot Gold Cup before being retired to stud where his record was moderate. He died at the age of nineteen in 1954.

Coronation Cup
The Coronation Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), or about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June.
Radley-England waterplanes
The Radley-England Waterplane was a British floatplane designed and built by James Radley and Gordon England to take place in the 1913 Circuit of Britain race.  Damaged before the start of the race, it was unable to compete and was subsequently rebuilt as the Radley-England Waterplane 2

Daily Mail aviation prizes
Between 1906 and 1930, the Daily Mail newspaper, initially on the initiative of its proprietor, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, awarded numerous prizes for achievements in aviation. The newspaper would stipulate the amount of a prize for the first aviators to perform a particular task in aviation or to the winner of an aviation race or event. The most famous prizes were the £1,000 for the first cross-channel flight awarded to Louis Blériot in 1909 and the £10,000 given in 1919 to Alcock and Brown for the first non-stop transatlantic flight between North America and Ireland.

The prizes are credited with advancing the course of aviation during the early years, with the considerable sums offered becoming a much-coveted goal for the field's pioneers.
Stephen Hanessian
Stephen Hanessian, OC, FRSC, (born April 25, 1935) is a chemist and professor of Canadian and United States citizenship born in Alexandria, Egypt. His research group at Université de Montréal is well known for developing synthetic methodologies, as well as natural product total synthesis. In addition, his group developed Chiron, a computer program used by organic chemists for synthetic planning.

He earned his Ph.D. at Ohio State University in 1960, under the direction of M. L. Wolfrom. He worked as a researcher for Parke-Davis & Co. in Ann Arbor, Michigan until 1968. In 1969 he joined Université de Montréal. Since 2000, he has also been an adjunct professor at University of California, Irvine.

Parke-Davis
Parke-Davis is a subsidiary of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. Although Parke, Davis & Co. is no longer an independent corporation, it was once America's oldest and largest drug maker, and played an important role in medical history. In 1970 Parke-Davis was acquired by Warner–Lambert, which in turn was acquired by Pfizer in 2000.
Corey Tochor
Corey James Tochor MP (born 1976 or 1977) is a Canadian politician who has served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Saskatoon—University since the 2019 federal election.

Tochor was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 2011 election, to represent the constituency of Saskatoon Eastview as a member of the Saskatchewan Party caucus. Tochor was re-elected in the 2016 general election, held on April 4, 2016. On May 17, 2016, he was elected the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, defeating the previous Speaker, Dan D'Autremont. On January 5, 2018, Tochor resigned as Speaker.

On March 10, 2018, he defeated incumbent MP Brad Trost for the Conservative nomination in Saskatoon—University. Tochor resigned his provincial seat on September 11, 2019, the same day the Writs of election were issued for the 2019 Canadian federal election. He successfully held the seat for the Conservatives.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Herbert S. MacDonald
Herbert S. MacDonald (January 14, 1907 – January 15, 1998) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1972 to 1975.  He also served as a one term member of the Connecticut State Senate from 1946 to 1948.

Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, he was 1929 graduate of Yale College and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1932.

MacDonald was elected to the court in 1946, receiving roughly two thirds of the popular vote. He retired from full service on the court on January 14, 1972. He died at a hospital in North Branford, Connecticut, at the age of 91.

Connecticut Supreme Court
The Connecticut Supreme Court, formerly known as the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors, is the highest court in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. The seven justices sit in Hartford, across the street from the Connecticut State Capitol. The court generally holds eight sessions of two to three weeks per year, with one session each September through November and January through May. Justices are appointed by the governor and then approved by the Connecticut General Assembly.