hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardiff Business School
Cardiff Business School (Welsh: Ysgol Fusnes Caerdydd) is the business school of Cardiff University in Cardiff, Wales. It was created in its current form in 1987 and opened by Queen Elizabeth II. Cardiff Business School currently serves 3,000 students a year, 700 of whom are postgraduate students. The school's research programme is Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) recognised and has 140 PhD students currently studying within the school. Its research informs organisations such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the United Nations, HM Treasury, the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the Department for Communities and Local Government and working on consultation projects for blue-chip, global firms.

Some notable staff include Leighton Andrews, New Keynesian economist Huw Dixon, accounting historian John Richard Edwards and neoclassical economist Patrick Minford.

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It was created by the Gordon Brown premiership on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. It was disbanded by the Theresa May premiership on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.
Cape Government Railways 7th Class locomotives
The Cape Government Railways 7th Class locomotives include three locomotive models, all designated 7th Class.

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. The Cape Government Railways 7th Class locomotives were grouped into three different sub-classes on the new South African Railways.

CGR 7th Class 4-8-0 1892 (SAR Class 7)

CGR 7th Class 4-8-0 1896 (SAR Class 7A)

CGR 7th Class 4-8-0 1902 (SAR Class 7C)

Central South African Railways
The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, the Orange Free State Government Railways, the Netherlands-South African Railway Company and the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways under Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Girouard.

After the war had ended, the Imperial Military Railways became the Central South African Railways in July 1902, with Thomas Rees Price as general manager. With the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the CSAR was merged with the Cape Government Railways and the Natal Government Railways to form the South African Railways, which is now Transnet Freight Rail.
Commonwealth Secondary School
Commonwealth Secondary School (abbreviation: CWSS) is a government, autonomous and coeducational secondary school in Jurong East, Singapore. Founded in 1964, Commonwealth Secondary School offers secondary school education which leads to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level or Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal <Academic and Technical> Level examination.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Gil Montandon
Gil Montandon (born April 28, 1965 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland) is a Swiss former professional ice hockey centre. He played in the National League (NL) for HC Fribourg-Gottéron and SC Bern.

Montandon used to work as a hockey analyst for the Francophone Swiss television station, RTS. He also briefly worked as a hockey expert for MySports, the official broadcaster of the Swiss National League. He was also a regular guest on hockey talk show, Les Puckalistes, on the Francophone Swiss television station, La Télé.

UPC Switzerland
UPC was the largest cable operator in Switzerland with around 1.1 million residential and business customers and was formed in 1994 through the merger of several cable operators. UPC has been a subsidiary of Liberty Global from 2005 until its discontinuation in 2022.

On 27 February 2019, the Swiss telecommunications company Sunrise Communications announced the planned purchase of UPC Switzerland from Liberty Global, with purchasing price of 6.3 billion CHF, but it was cancelled in December. In August 2020, the reverse operation occurred, Liberty Global, UPC's parent company, announced that it will acquire Sunrise for $7.4 billion. On May 23, 2022, UPC was discontinued in favor of Sunrise.
German submarine U-3018
German submarine U-3018 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 18 September 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen as yard number 1177. She was launched on 9 November 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Siegfried Breinlinger on 7 January 1945.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Matt Hongoltz-Hetling
Matt Hongoltz-Hetling is a Pulitzer Prize finalist journalist who won the 2011 George Polk award for Local Reporting, and appears on the List of George Polk Award Winners. He is currently a reporter for the Valley News, a daily newspaper in Lebanon, New Hampshire.

Lebanon, New Hampshire
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,282 at the 2020 census, up from 13,151 at the 2010 census. Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, near the Connecticut River. It is the home to Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College's Geisel School of Medicine, together comprising the largest medical facility between Boston, Massachusetts, and Burlington, Vermont.

Lebanon is a core city of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, comprising four counties in the upper Connecticut River valley, two in New Hampshire and two in Vermont.
Texas Instruments Professional Computer
The Texas Instruments Professional Computer (abbreviated TIPC or TI PC) and the Texas Instruments Professional Portable Computer (TIPPC) are personal computers produced by Texas Instruments (TI) that were both released on January 31, 1983, and discontinued around 1985; the TIPC is a desktop PC and the TIPPC is a portable version that is fully compatible with it. Both computers were most often used by white-collar information workers and professionals that needed to gather, manipulate and transmit information.

Knowledge worker
Knowledge worker is a worker whose main capital is their knowledge and expertise. Examples of such professionals include ICT professionals, physicians, pharmacists, architects, engineers, mathematicians, scientists, designers, public accountants, lawyers, librarians, archivists, editors, and academics, whose job is to "think for a living".
L'Assomption Regional County Municipality
L'Assomption (French pronunciation: [lasɔ̃psjɔ̃]) is a regional county municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. The seat is L'Assomption. L'Assomption is located directly north of the city of Montreal.

It is named for the L'Assomption River, which flows through the region from the north before emptying into the Saint Lawrence River in the south of the region at Repentigny.

L'Assomption River
The Assomption River (in French Rivière l'Assomption [ʁivjɛʁ lasɔ̃psjɔ̃], named after the Assumption of Mary) is the most important waterway in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. It is over 200 kilometres (120 mi) long, and has a drainage basin (watershed) of 4,220 square kilometres (1,630 sq mi). Its source is the Mont Tremblant massif. Seven significant rivers flow into the Assomption (de la Boule, Versailles, Noire, la Chaloupe, Ouareau, Saint-Esprit, and Achigan) before it flows into the Rivière des Prairies at Repentigny, Quebec.

About 150,000 people live in the drainage area of this river.
Gorseddau Tramway
The Gorseddau Tramway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway built in Wales in 1856 to link the slate quarries around Gorseddau with the wharves at Porthmadog. It was an early forerunner of the Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway and subsequently the Welsh Highland Railway.

Wharf
A wharf (pl. wharves or wharfs), quay (/kiː/ kee, also /keɪ, kweɪ/ k(w)ay), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
Pethick
Pethick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher J. Pethick (born 1942), English theoretical physicist

Dorothy Pethick (1881–1970), British suffragette

Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence (1867–1954), British suffragist

Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence, PC (1871–1961), British Labour politician

Robbie Pethick (born 1970), retired English football defender

Christopher J. Pethick
Christopher John Pethick (born 22 February 1942 in Horsham, UK) is a British theoretical physicist, specializing in many-body theory, ultra-cold atomic gases, and the physics of neutron stars and stellar collapse.
Michel Grall
Michel Grall (born September 11, 1961 in Carnac) is a French politician.  He was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented Morbihan's 2nd constituency from 2007 to 2012, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Morbihan's 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of Morbihan is a French legislative constituency in the Morbihan département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.
Diocese of Alba Maritima
Alba Maritima (Italian: Alba Marittima, lit. 'White city by the sea') is a Catholic titular see. It corresponds to current Biograd na Moru in Croatia. Its last titular was archbishop Celso Morga Iruzubieta, until he was appointed as coadjutor archbishop of Mérida-Badajoz.

Archdiocese of Mérida–Badajoz
The Archdiocese of Mérida–Badajoz (Latin: Archidioecesis Emeritensis Augustanus–Pacensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in Spain, created in  1255. Until 1994, it was known as the Diocese of Badajoz.
William R. Walker & Son
William R. Walker & Son was an American architectural firm based in Providence, Rhode Island. From 1881 to 1936 it was led by three successive generations of the Walker family: founder William R. Walker, his son W. Howard Walker and his grandson William R. Walker II.

Attleboro, Massachusetts
Attleboro is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It was once known as "The Jewelry Capital of the World" for its many jewelry manufacturers. According to the 2020 census, Attleboro had a population of 46,461.

Attleboro is the fourth-largest municipality in Bristol County, behind New Bedford, Fall River, and Taunton. It became a city in 1914 after being a town for over 200 years. This town has been known for the ice cream trucks that come around every summer and it's ice cream, smoothie, pancake, and waffle competition hosted by the citysfolk on June 30th, 2021 everyone in the whole city and has been annual ever since LMAO I LOVE WHOEVER EDITED THIS YOU DA GOAT pls dont ever change these edits i am begging u
English Bay Launch
English Bay Launch is a privately owned and operated water taxi service in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada, which replaced Granville Island Water Taxi Services in the Fall of 2009. It is one of three water taxi services connecting Bowen Island to Vancouver with regularly scheduled service. It also offers on demand charter services around the greater Vancouver area. It operates an enclosed 27-foot Eagle Craft vessel named The Eagle 14.  Passengers are allowed to bring bicycles on board.

Water taxi
A water taxi or a water bus is a boat used to provide public or private transport, usually, but not always, in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar manner to a taxi. A boat service shuttling between two points would normally be described as a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.

The term water taxi is usually confined to a boat operating on demand, and water bus to a boat operating on a schedule. In North American usage, the terms are roughly synonymous.

The earliest water taxi service was recorded as operating around the area that became Manchester, England.
Anderssonoceras
Anderssonoceras is a genus of small, smooth ammonites with a flared umbilical shoulder, like Prototoceras, assigned to the ceratitid family Anderssonoceratidae as the type, but once included in the Otoceratidae.

Anderssonoceras comes from the Upper Permian of China.

Ceratitida
Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post-Triassic ammonites.

Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes. In a few the sutures are goniatitic while in others they are ammonitic.
Robert Goldschmidt
Robert B. Goldschmidt (1877–1935) was a Belgian chemist, physicist, and engineer who first proposed the idea of standardized microfiche (microfilm).

Goldschmidt was a polymath who also made advances in aviation and radio, among other fields. In 1913 he constructed a major radio facility at Laeken, Belgium, where in 1914 he and Raymond Braillard inaugurated Europe's first regular radio concert broadcasts. He was also a participant in the first and second international Solvay Conferences reviewing outstanding issues in chemistry and physics.

Solvay Conference
The Solvay Conferences (French: Congrès Solvay) have been devoted to preeminent unsolved problems in both physics and chemistry. They began with the historic invitation-only 1911 Solvay Conference on Physics, considered a turning point in the world of physics, and are ongoing.

Since the success of 1911, they have been organised by the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, founded by the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay in 1912 and 1913, and located in Brussels. The institutes coordinate conferences, workshops, seminars, and colloquia. Recent Solvay Conferences entail a three year cycle: the Solvay Conference on Physics followed by a gap year, followed by the Solvay Conference on Chemistry.

The 1st Solvay Conference on Biology titled "The organisation and dynamics of biological computation" took place in April 2024.
Small Group Research
Small Group Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in the field of social psychology, dealing with the psychology and  organizational behavior of small groups and communication processes within them. The editors-in-chief are Aaron M. Brower (University of Wisconsin) and Joann Keyton (North Carolina State University). It was established in 1970 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Gabrielle Brady
Gabrielle Brady (born 1984) is an Australian documentary filmmaker. She is most noted for her 2018 film Island of the Hungry Ghosts, which was an Independent Spirit Award nominee for Best Documentary Feature at the 35th Independent Spirit Awards in 2020.

She previously directed the short films Los pantalones rotos (2013), Static Miracles (2014) and The Island (2017) before releasing Island of the Hungry Ghosts as her feature debut.

Her second feature film, The Wolves Always Come at Night, premiered in the Platform Prize program at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival, and was subsequently screened in competition at the 2024 BFI London Film Festival.

Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature
The Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature is one of the annual Independent Spirit Awards. It is given to the director(s) of the film and since 2014 it is also given to the producers. It was first presented in 2000, with Marc Singer's Dark Days being the first recipient of the award.
Montana Bluff
Montana Bluff (Bulgarian: връх Монтана, romanized: vrah Montana, IPA: [ˈvrɤx monˈtanɐ]) is an ice-covered peak rising to 670 m at the end of a side ridge running south-southeast from Ticha Peak in central Bowles Ridge, Livingston Island.  Surmounting Perunika Glacier to the west and southwest, and Huron Glacier to the east and southeast.  It is named after the city of Montana in Northwestern Bulgaria.

Huron Glacier
Huron Glacier is a 4.8 nautical miles (8.9 km; 5.5 mi)} long and 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) wide glacial flow on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, situated east of Perunika Glacier, southeast of Kaliakra Glacier, south of Struma Glacier, west-northwest of Iskar Glacier and northeast of Huntress Glacier. It is bounded by Bowles Ridge to the north, Wörner Gap to the west and the Tangra Mountains to the south, receiving ice influx from several tributary glaciers draining the mountain's northern slopes between Mount Friesland and Helmet Peak, and running east-northeastwards to empty into Moon Bay north of Yana Point. Camp Academia is situated on upper Huron Glacier, in the northwestern foothills of Zograf Peak.

The glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 after the American ship Huron (Captain John Davis) of New Haven, Connecticut, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21 and 1821–22.
Verne Miller (American football)
Verne L. Miller (May 11, 1908 – October 8, 1982) was an American football player. He played college football for Carleton and St. Mary's (MN) and in the National Football League (NFL) as a halfback for the Minneapolis Red Jackets (1930). He appeared in five NFL games, two as a starter.

Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets
The Minneapolis Marines were an early professional football team that existed from 1905 until 1928. The team did not play in 1918 or 1925 to 1926 and was later resurrected from 1929 to 1930 under the Minneapolis Red Jackets name. The Marines were originally owned by the Marine Athletic Club of Minneapolis and later by Minneapolitans John Dunn and Val Ness.  The Marines played their earliest games in the sandlots of Minneapolis and at Minnehaha Park. They made their first appearance at Lexington Park in 1909 and Nicollet Park in 1910. From 1912 to 1914, the team rented the North Minneapolis Athletic Association grounds at 25th Avenue North and Washington Avenue in Minneapolis, a site now overrun by Interstate 94. The Marines moved to Nicollet Park in 1915 and played there until they disbanded as the Red Jackets in 1930. The Minneapolis Marines were the first Minnesota-based team to join the National Football League, predating the Duluth Eskimos (1923) and Minnesota Vikings (1961).
Galaxy Unpacked
Galaxy Unpacked is an annual event held by Samsung Electronics where it showcases new mobile devices for consumers, including smartphones, tablets, and wearables. It was first held as Samsung Mobile Unpacked in June 2009 at the CommunicAsia event at the Singapore Expo in Singapore. For successive releases, the event has frequently been held in Barcelona, New York City, and San Francisco and, as of 2015, has been branded under the Galaxy Unpacked moniker.

The event includes keynote presentations for product launches, delivered by company management figures. Attendees can visit exhibits and have hands-on experiences of the products in demonstration zones. Live broadcasts of Galaxy Unpacked feature a piece of pre-roll music from the Samsung Galaxy franchise, often a customized version of "Over the Horizon", and a repeated animation. Only Samsung executives, members of the press, social media influencers, and select Samsung Care Ambassadors or Samsung Members Stars are invited to attend.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.