hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exec (Amiga)
Exec is the kernel of AmigaOS. It is a 13 KB multitasking microkernel which enabled pre-emptive multitasking in as little as 256 KB of memory (as supplied with the first Amiga 1000s). Exec provided functions for multitasking, memory management, and handling of interrupts and dynamic shared libraries.

It acts as a scheduler for tasks running on the system, providing pre-emptive multitasking with prioritized round-robin scheduling. Exec also provides access to other libraries and high-level inter-process communication via message passing. Other comparable microkernels have had performance problems because of the need to copy messages between address spaces. Since the Amiga has only one address space, Exec message passing is quite efficient. The only fixed memory address in the Amiga software (address 4) is a pointer to exec.library, which can then be used to access other libraries. Exec was designed and implemented by Carl Sassenrath.

Shared library
A shared library is a library of executable code that is loaded in memory such that multiple executables (programs and other libraries) can use it at runtime.

In contrast, a static library is copied into an executable. A static library can be re-used (a form of sharing) in multiple executables, but each executable contains a copy of the library code instead of 
sharing a copy in memory with other executables. Although not true today, historically, all libraries were static. Although a shared library can have static linkage, such a library is not classified as a static library.

Often, a shared library is also a dynamic library loaded by a dynamic linker, which generally makes use of the library easier for the programmer than if it instead it had static linkage. A dynamic library need not be accessible to multiple executables (shared library) and a shared library need not be loaded at consumer runtime (dynamic library).
Lobegott Samuel Obbarius
Lobegott Samuel Obbarius (12 December 1788, Heringen – 29 December 1860, Rudolstadt) was a German educator and classical philologist known for his edition and examination of works by the Roman poet Horace. His son, Friedrich August Theodor Obbarius (1817–1855), was also a classical scholar.

From 1808 he studied theology and philology at the University of Jena, where he was a pupil of Johann Jakob Griesbach, Johann Christian Wilhelm Augusti, Georg Ludwig Walch and Johann Philipp Gabler. After working as a private tutor for five years in Kelbra, he moved to Frankenhausen, where he served as subkonrektor at the Lyceum. In 1817 he was appointed "collaborator" to the local church ministry. In 1819 he became a professor at the gymnasium at Rudolstadt, a position he maintained up until his death. In 1842 he was awarded with an honorary degree from the University of Marburg, and in 1844 he became a member of the Societas Latina Jenensis (Latin Society of Jena).

Johann Jakob Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach (4 January 1745 – 24 March 1812) was a German biblical textual critic. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in New Testament criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch. His solution to the synoptic problem bears his name, but the Griesbach hypothesis has become, in modern times, known as the Two-Gospel hypothesis.
Yasuni
Yasuni can mean:

Yasuní National Park, Ecuador
Yasuní-ITT Initiative, a proposal to refrain from exploiting oil reserves within the park

Yasuní River, in Ecuador

Yasuni antwren, a bird

Lophostoma yasuni, a species of bat

Osteocephalus yasuni, a species of frog

Rufous-backed stipplethroat
The rufous-backed stipplethroat (Epinecrophylla haematonota) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. In its complex taxonomic history, Epinecrophylla haematonota has also been called the rufous-backed antwren, stipple-throated antwren, Napo stipple-throated antwren, and western stipple-throated antwren.
Tom Velisek
Tom Velisek (born January 15, 1981, in Nelson, British Columbia) is a Canadian snowboarder, specializing in the snowboard cross event.

Velisek made his World Cup debut in December 2001 at Whistler, BC. His first World Cup podium came in January 2003, when he won bronze at an event in Berchtesgaden, and his first, and to date, only victory was in 2004, at Bad Gastein.

Velisek's best World Cup season came in 2004, when he placed 6th overall in the snowboard cross standings. He has competed at four FIS Snowboarding World Championships, with his best finish a 4th in  2009.

Velisek competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics, in the snowboard cross. He placed 18th in the qualifying rounds, advancing him to the 1⁄8 finals, but a third-place finish in his heat meant he did not advance any further, leaving him 23rd overall.

His sister Billie is known for competition ski mountaineering.

Bad Gastein
Bad Gastein (German pronunciation: [baːt ɡasˈtaɪn]) is a spa town in the St. Johann im Pongau District of Austria. Picturesquely situated in a high valley of the Hohe Tauern mountain range, it is known for the Gastein waterfall and a variety of grand hotel buildings.
Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022 – November 2024)
Starting on 2 December 2022, a series of intensified clashes broke out of the frontlines of the 'Idlib de-escalation zone' located in the governorates of Idlib, Aleppo, Hama and Latakia. These confrontations initiated through inghimasi, infiltration and sniper attacks by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and allied militant groups against positions held by the pro-government Syrian Arab Army (SAA) positions. These attacks were called We Will Not Reconcile by HTS. In 2023, the first territorial offensive since 2020 was carried out by HTS in the area of Milaja.

According to the Syrian Observatory on Human Rights (SOHR), HTS aims to disrupt potential peace negotiations between Turkey and Syria, and is launching the campaign of attacks as a way of rejecting any deal made on the 'de-escalation zone' in Idlib. Consequently, 2023 was the deadliest year of the Syrian civil war since 2020, given the escalating intensity of the clashes.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Steffi Scherzer
Steffi Scherzer (born 14 July 1957) is a German ballet dancer, at the Berlin State Opera from 1975 to 2003, prima ballerina there from 1987, and director and instructor at the Tanz Akademie Zürich of the Zürcher Hochschule der Künste.

Berlin State Opera
The Staatsoper Unter den Linden (lit. State Opera under the Lime Trees), also known as the Berlin State Opera (German: Staatsoper Berlin), is a listed building on Unter den Linden boulevard in the historic center of Berlin, Germany. The opera house was built by order of Prussian king Frederick the Great from 1741 to 1743 according to plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff in the Palladian style. Damaged during the Allied bombing in World War II, the former Royal Prussian Opera House was rebuilt from 1951 to 1955 as part of the Forum Fridericianum square in East Berlin.

Nicknamed Lindenoper, it is "the world's oldest state opera" and "the first theater anywhere to be, by itself, a prominent, freestanding monumental building in a city."
1977 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
Ismail El Shafei and Brian Fairlie were the defending champions but only Fairlie competed that year with Russell Simpson.

Fairlie and Simpson lost in the first round to Mark Edmondson and John Marks.

John Newcombe and Tony Roche won in the final 6–7, 6–3, 6–1 against Ross Case and Geoff Masters.

John Newcombe
John David Newcombe AO OBE (born 23 May 1944) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles. Newcombe won a combined 26 major titles: seven in singles, a former record 17 in men's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. He also contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when the Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the majors.
Yohann Senechault
Yohann Senechault (born 16 May 2002) is a French slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2019, specializing in the C1 event.

He won a gold medal in the C1 team event at the 2025 World Championships in Penrith.

2025 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2025 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place from 29 September to 4 October 2025 in Penrith, Australia under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 44th edition and the events were held at the Penrith Whitewater Stadium, the site of the 2000 Summer Olympics. Penrith hosted the championships for the second time after previously hosting in 2005.

232 canoeists from 41 countries participated at the championships.
Direct sum of groups
In mathematics, a group G is called the direct sum of two normal subgroups with trivial intersection if it is generated by the subgroups. In abstract algebra, this method of construction of groups can be generalized to direct sums of vector spaces, modules, and other structures; see the article direct sum of modules for more information. A group which can be expressed as a direct sum of non-trivial subgroups is called decomposable, and if a group cannot be expressed as such a direct sum then it is called indecomposable.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
Linhenykus
Linhenykus is an extinct genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. It is the most basal known member of the Parvicursorinae. The genus gets its name from Linhe, a city near the site where the fossil was first found and Greek nykus, "claw". The specific name is derived from Greek monos, "single", and daktylos, "finger", a reference to the fact that it is the only known non-avian dinosaur to have had but a single digit.

Linhe District
Linhe (Mongolian: ᠯᠢᠨ ᠾᠧ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ; Chinese: 临河区) is the only district and the seat of the city of Baynnur, Inner Mongolia, situated at the northern loop of the Yellow River, south of the Lang Shan range (70 km or 43 mi south-east of the Huhebashige). The district spans an area of 2,333 square kilometers, and has a population of 555,000 inhabitants as of 2019.
Dino Gabriel
Dino Gabriel  was an Italian-born Anglican bishop of Natal in South Africa. He had a Swazi wife and they have four children. He was fluent speaker of Zulu.

A former Roman Catholic priest, he came to South Africa as a missionary in 1987. He converted and was ordained an Anglican priest in 1992 in the Diocese of Highveld. He was the dean of the Zululand from 1999 to 2005, and was the bishop of Zululand from 2005 to 2015. He was translated to Natal on 22 November 2015 subsequent to his election on 16 July 2015.

In September 2019, after a tense and acrimonious meeting with the clergy of his diocese Gabriel tendered his resignation as bishop with immediate effect.  Bishop Dino died on the 14 June 2025 in Parklands Hospital.

Christianity portal

Diocese of the Highveld
The Diocese of the Highveld (formerly the Diocese of South Eastern Transvaal) is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa covering the East Rand in Gauteng province and the southern part of Mpumalanga province in South Africa. The bishop's seat is at St Dunstan's Cathedral in Benoni.
Skil Brum
Skil Brum (Urdu: سکل برم), or Skilbrum, is a mountain in the Karakoram range in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west-southwest of K2. It lies on the western side of the Godwin-Austen Glacier, roughly opposite Broad Peak.

It is the 66th highest mountain in the world.

In June 1957, Marcus Schmuck and Fritz Wintersteller made a flash first ascent of Skil Brum, in pure Alpine style. Starting from base camp of Broad Peak at 4,950 metres, they camped at 6,060 metres, made the summit the next day, then camped again at 6,060 metres, and then returned to base camp the next morning. The whole ascent, from base camp to base camp was done in 53 hours, a startlingly short time for a major Himalayan ascent in that era.

Godwin-Austen Glacier
The Godwin-Austen Glacier is a glacier in the Karakoram range and is close to K2, the second highest mountain peak in the world, situated in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. Its confluence with the Baltoro Glacier is called Concordia and is a popular trekking destination as it provides views of four of the five eight-thousanders in the region.

The Godwin-Austen Glacier, located in the Central Karakoram, forms part of the Upper Indus Basin.

The glacier can be approached via the Balti town of Skardu. It receives its name from Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen, an early explorer of this region. K2 was also once proposed to be named Mount Godwin-Austen in his honour, but was rejected.
Riigikogu electoral district no. 1
Electoral district no. 1 (Estonian: Valimisringkond nr 1) is one of the 12 multi-member electoral districts of the Riigikogu, the national legislature of Estonia. The electoral district was established in 1995 following the re-organisation of the electoral districts in Tallinn. It is conterminous with the districts of Haabersti, Kristiine and Põhja-Tallinn in Tallinn. The district currently elects 10 of the 101 members of the Riigikogu using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 parliamentary election it had 85,469 registered electors.

Kristiine
Kristiine (Estonian for 'Christina') is one of the 8 administrative districts (Estonian: linnaosa) of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.

Kristiine is divided into 3 subdistricts (Estonian: asum):

Järve

Lilleküla

Tondi

The name of Kristiine originates from the Swedish Queen Christina, under whose rule in 1653 the area was divided into 46 pieces (each of them 9 ha) and sold to businessmen and city officials for 100 riksdaler. The whole area was called Christinental (Valley of Christina) and later Kristiine hayfield.

The elder of the district is Andrei Novikov (as of September 2013).
Norman Crooks
Norman Melvan Crooks (May 28, 1917 – October 20, 1989) was an American tribal leader who served as the first Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota. Crooks' son, the late Stanley Crooks, later served as chairman of the community from 1992 until 2012.

Crooks was one of the founders of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community, which was established in 1969 on land near Prior Lake. The land had originally been set aside by the United States government in the 1880s to settle "friendly" Native Americans who had sided with the U.S. during the Dakota War of 1862, a six-week-long conflict which killed more than 600 people.

Norman Crooks became the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community first chairman in 1969. In 1982, he oversaw the opening of the Little Six, the community's first bingo hall. The hall, now called the Little Six Casino, was a precursor to the Mystic Lake Casino, which opened in 1992.

Little Six Casino
Little Six Casino is owned and operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Prior Lake, Minnesota, southwest of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.  The casino features slots and live dealer blackjack tables.  With 4,100 employees, the SMSC, Mystic Lake Casino Hotel, and Little Six Casino combined are the largest employer in Scott County.

Little Six is named after Little Six, a leader during the Dakota War of 1862.  Its sister casino is Mystic Lake Casino Hotel.
Sheltam
Sheltam is a locomotive hire and repair company that undertakes complete operating contracts and maintenance contracts, based in Gqeberha, South Africa. By the year 2000, Sheltam locomotives were operating at Randfontein Estates Gold Mine in Gauteng, and in Mpumalanga at Douglas and Vandyksdrift Collieries and at SAPPI, Ngodwana. They also operated on Spoornet’s Newcastle-Utrecht branch in KwaZulu-Natal and on Kei Rail in the Eastern Cape. Outside South Africa they operate on the Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway (BBR), NLL and Railway Systems of Zambia (RSZ) lines through Zimbabwe and Zambia and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Railway Systems of Zambia
Railway Systems of Zambia Limited (RSZ) was a private company incorporated and registered in Zambia which operates Zambia Railways. It is a subsidiary of NLPI Ltd, an investment holding company, which main investment is focus on infrastructure-related projects within the continent of Africa.

The shareholders of NLPI are Nedbank Ltd, Old Mutual and Sanlam, all major South African financial institutions, together with New Limpopo Bridge Projects Limited (NLP).
John Wilfred Kennedy
John Wilfred Kennedy (October 10, 1879 – November 19, 1949) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario. Canada. He represented Glengarry and Stormont in the House of Commons of Canada from 1919 to 1925 as a United Farmers and then Progressive Party member.

He was born in Apple Hill, Ontario, the son of John Kennedy and Catherine McDougall, and was educated in Alexandria, Ontario and the Ontario Agricultural College. In 1915, Kennedy married Helen Meehan. He farmed at Apple Hill. He served on the council for Kenyon Township from 1913 to 1916 and was deputy reeve from 1917 to 1918 and reeve in 1919. Kennedy was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1925 in the restructured riding of Glengarry. Kennedy later sold his farm and opened a business college in Ottawa, Ontario. For a time, he was employed by the federal Income Tax department.

United Farmers of Ontario
The United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) was an agrarian and populist provincial political party in Ontario, Canada. It was the Ontario provincial branch of the United Farmers movement of the early part of the 20th century.
1928 Luxembourg general election
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 3 June 1928, electing 28 of the 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the south and east of the country. The Party of the Right won 13 of the 28 seats, and saw its total number of seats rise from 22 to 24.

Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)
The Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourgish: Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber, French: Chambre des Députés, German: Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.

The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies.
Mike Pesca
Mike Pesca (born December 29, 1971) is an American radio journalist and podcaster based in New York City. He is the host of the daily podcast, The Gist, and the editor of Upon Further Review: The Greatest What-Ifs in Sports History.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Hudson Motor Car Company
The Hudson Motor Car Company made Hudson and other branded automobiles in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., from 1909 until 1954. In 1954, Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). The Hudson name was continued through the 1957 model year, after which it was discontinued.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Tommaso de Pra
Tommaso de Pra (born 16 December 1938) is a former Italian professional road bicycle racer. De Pra was professional from 1963 to 1971. He rode the Tour de France twice, won one stage and wore the yellow jersey for one day in 1966. He rode the Tour again in 1971 and during that edition there were Combativity, Elegance and Kindness Awards given after each stage. Following stage 4 he was given the Kindness Award. His other career highlights include stage win in Tirreno–Adriatico, the Vuelta a España and the Tour de Suisse, as well as wins in the Italian semi-classics the Coppa Ugo Agostoni in 1965, the Trofeo Calzani Cabiate and the Circuito degli Assi.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.