hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles W. Cross House
The Charles W. Cross House is a historic two-story house in Ogden, Utah. It was built in 1890–1891, before Utah became a state, for Charles W. Cross, an immigrant from England who became a harness maker and council member in Ogden. The house was designed in the Queen Anne architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 12, 1984.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Salma (1960 film)
Salma is a 1960 Pakistani film directed by Ashfaq Malik and written by Nazir Ajmeri.

It was Allauddin's first appearance in a leading role. A film from the Golden Age of Pakistani cinema, it explores the themes such as the importance of education for girls and the necessity of mutual consent in marital relationships.

A moderately successful film of 1960, it was remade in 1980 as Saima, starring Babra Sharif and Nadeem.

Babra Sharif
Babra Sharif (Urdu: بابرہ شرِیف; born 10 December 1954) is a Pakistani film actress, best known for her acting roles from the mid-1970s to the 1990s. She is one of the most popular actress of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as well a leading actress in urdu films.

She started her career in television commercials in 1973. She has worked with many famous names of her time, including Shahid, Nadeem, Asif Khan, Waheed Murad, Ghulam Mohyedin, Faisal Rehman, Muhammad Ali and even Sultan Rahi. She had great success in Urdu films in Pakistan. She was also known as Audrey Hepburn of Pakistan and Marilyn Monroe of Pakistan due to her fashion styles roles and romantic comedy roles in films.

She did a variety of roles which proved her versatility as an actress. Some critics have also considered her among the best actresses of her time in Pakistan.

She has worked in more than 150 movies.
HpaII
HpaII (IntEnz: EC 3.1.21.4) is a restriction enzyme obtained from the microorganism Haemophilus parainfluenzae. It is a DNA restriction enzyme, therefore it has the ability to cut the DNA from certain region as demonstrated below. It has the ability to produce cohesive ends, which are rather useful in constructing plasmids.

HpaII will not cut sites that have been methylated by SssI methyltransferase or HpaII methyltransferase. When the sites have been methylated by MspI methyltransferase, the enzyme will cut 300 times slower than unmethylated DNA and 50 times slower if the DNA is hemi-methylated. This feature is exploited for determination of the clonal origin of a mammalian female tumor through HUMARA assay.

Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a species of Haemophilus.

It is one of the HACEK organisms.
H. parainfluenzae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with endocarditis, bronchitis, otitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, abscesses and genital tract infections.
Syed Mansoob Murshed
Mansoob Murshed is a professor of International Industrial Economics at the University of Birmingham whose research interests are development, globalisation and conflict / post-conflict reconstruction. Alongside his post at Birmingham he also holds a Professorship at the Institute of Social Studies (ISS) The Hague,  on the Economies of Conflict and Peace.  He holds an honorary fellowship at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) and his having been the first to be awarded the Prince Claus rotating Chair in Development and Equity (established in memory of Prince Claus, a Prince Consort of the Netherlands).

Murshed's father was Syed Mahbub Murshed, Chief Justice of East Pakistan High Court, and mother was Lyla Arzumand Banu.

International Institute of Social Studies
The International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus University Rotterdam is an independent international graduate school of policy-oriented social science. ISS was established in 1952 by Dutch universities and the Netherlands Ministry of Education. The ISS is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

Between 300 and 400 students are enrolled in the ISS programmes, mostly in the Master and PhD programme in Development Studies. The students come from over 150 countries.

In addition to its educational work and research, ISS is active in advisory work and institutional capacity building projects.
Franklin B. Evans
Franklin B. Evans (1807 – February 17, 1874), known as The Northwood Murderer, was a 19th-century American murderer and suspected serial killer. He was convicted for the brutal murder of his niece Georgianna Lovering in Northwood, New Hampshire, in 1872, and later confessed to another similar murder in the town of Derry, committed in 1850. He was suspected in at least three other child murders in Maine and Massachusetts, but denied responsibility for them. He was executed at the New Hampshire State Prison for Men in 1874.

New Hampshire State Prison for Men
The New Hampshire State Prison for Men (NHSPM) is a New Hampshire Department of Corrections prison in Concord, New Hampshire, United States and is equipped to accept maximum, medium and minimum security prisoners.

The prison, which was opened in 1878 to replace a previous prison constructed in 1812, is the oldest in New Hampshire Department of Corrections. It was expanded and renovated in the 1980s, and it houses maximum security male prisoners and has a 60-bed secure psychiatric unit and residential treatment unit.

The New Hampshire Corrections Special School District operates a high school within this facility, which provides both a high school diploma or the GED.

A full-time health services center including dental and long-term health care wing is operated within this facility and is capable of housing both male and female prisoners in need of long term, chronic, or terminal care.

Nineteen wardens have run this facility since it opened in 1878.
TTA Airlink
TTA Airlink was a joint venture of Mozambican airline TTA Empresa Nacional de Transporte e Trabalho Aéreo and South African airline Airlink. They started providing service between Johannesburg and Maputo in February 2010, using an Avro RJ85 leased from Airlink. There were plans to service domestic flights within Mozambique. On March 15, 2010, they expanded service to Tetes Chingozi Airport, Beira Airport and Nampula.

The airline has since become defunct.

Chingozi Airport
Chingozi Airport (or Matundo Airport) is an airport in Tete, Mozambique (IATA: TET, ICAO: FQTT).

According to the BBC, a new airport may be built and the current one shut down to allow for coal mining activities.
National Shakespeare Conservatory
The National Shakespeare Conservatory was an acting school in New York City, offering a two-year certificate program and an eight-week summer training program. The Conservatory was founded in 1974 by Philip Meister, Albert Schoemann and Mario Siletti.

Acting
Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.

Acting involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, and stage combat. Many actors train at length in specialist programs or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of professional actors have gone through extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a full range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques, and acting for camera.

Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (Ancient Greek: ὑπόκρισις, hypokrisis) discuss it as part of rhetoric.
Doreen Redhead
Doreen Redhead was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba on April 5, 2007.

Judge Redhead was graduated from the University of Manitoba Law School in 1996. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts in sociology. She articled with Lofchick, Jones & Associates in Winnipeg and practised law on behalf of the Fox Lake First Nation in Gillam and the Keewatin Tribal Council in Thompson.

She was the first First Nations woman appointed to the bench in Manitoba.

Judge Redhead has served on a number of boards, including the Keewatin Housing Association and Broadband Communications North, and has been actively involved in a number of other committees and associations.

Provincial Court of Manitoba
The Provincial Court of Manitoba (French: Cour provinciale du Manitoba) is the lower trial court of the Province of Manitoba. It has mainly a criminal jurisdiction, as well as limited concurrent jurisdiction with the Court of King's Bench in matters of family law that originate outside of Winnipeg.

It also hears all Youth Court cases in the province; all matters subject to Provincial Offences Act, such as those under The Highway Traffic Act and The Liquor Control Act; presides over inquests under The Fatality Inquiries Act; and reviews alleged police misconduct under The Law Enforcement Review Act.

Over 95% of all criminal cases in Manitoba take place in the Provincial Court.
Giuseppe Apolloni
Giuseppe Apolloni (8 April 1822 – 31 December 1889) was an Italian composer born in Vicenza, Austrian Empire. His first opera, Adelchi, based on the omonymous tragedy by Manzoni, was staged at Vicenza in 1852. He composed a total of five operas. His most successful opera was L'ebreo, based on Bulwer-Lytton’s Leila. Apolloni died in Vicenza on 31 December 1889.

Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".
Desa Group of Companies
Desa Group of Companies (doing business as Desa Group) is the main dairy product, livestock, and poultry company in the state of Sabah, Malaysia since 1980. Owned by Desa (Sabah) Sdn Bhd, it is the main dairy product producer in Borneo. The company feature a 199-hectare dairy farm at Mesilau in Kundasang, with an estimate 150,000 litres fresh milk produced each month, as well a cattle feedlot for meat production in Lok Kawi and Penampang. Young cattle from the farm are fed with specially formulated feed to average 420 kilograms (930 lb) weight before being slaughtered at Meat Technology Centre.

Penampang District
The Penampang District (Malay: Daerah Penampang) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Penampang Town.
Mancherjee Bhownaggree
Sir Mancherjee Merwanjee Bhownaggree KCIE (15 August 1851 – 14 November 1933) was a British Conservative Party politician of Indian Parsi heritage. He was a member of parliament (MP) representing the constituency of Bethnal Green North East in the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1895 and 1906, the third British MP of Indian descent, after David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, and fellow Parsi Dadabhai Naoroji. Bhownaggree was the longest-serving British Asian MP until Keith Vaz (who was first elected in 1987 and stood down in 2019).

Bethnal Green North East
Bethnal Green North East was a parliamentary constituency in London, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It was created for the 1885 general election and abolished for the 1950 general election
Lotsij
Lotsij is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dirk Lotsij (1882–1965), Dutch footballer and Olympian

Geert Lotsij (1878–1959), Dutch rower and Olympian

Paul Lotsij (1880–1910), Dutch rower and Olympian

Dirk Lotsij
Dirk Nicolaas Lotsij, sometimes spelled as Dirk Lotsy (3 July 1882 – 27 March 1965), was a Dutch amateur footballer who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was included in the Netherlands national football team, which won the bronze medal.
Pia Lionetti
Pia Carmen Maria Lionetti (born 26 September 1987 in San Giovanni Rotondo), is an Italian archer and twice a member of the Italian Olympic Team. She lives in Barletta and attends the University of Foggia.

San Giovanni Rotondo
San Giovanni Rotondo is the name of a town and comune in the province of Foggia and region of Apulia, in southern Italy.

San Giovanni Rotondo was the home of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina from 28 July 1916 until his death on 23 September 1968.  The Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church was built in devotion to the saint and dedicated on 1 July 2004. The town hosts a hospital and medical-research centre Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (Home for the Relief of the Suffering) founded by Saint Pio of Pietrelcina.

The nearby Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel is also the site of Catholic pilgrimages and was visited by Pope John Paul II in 1987.
Ingvar Rindborg
Ingvar Axel Natanael Rindborg (8 April 1931 – 1 March 2016) was a Swedish banker.

Born in Stockholm in 1931, Ingvar Rindborg studied together with Tomas Tranströmer at Södra Latin Gymnasium. In 1962 he graduated as a civilekonom at the Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law, and went on to work at Gränges, Handelsbanken, and Götabanken before being hired as vice executive officer at Svenska sparbanksföreningen in 1975 where he stayed until 1981. He was also chaired and sat in the board of several companies, such as Investment AB Eken and Sifab.

He was brother to the politician and lawyer Stig Rindborg. His father was the commissioner Axel Eriksson.

Stig Rindborg
Stig Axel Johannes Rindborg (30 September 1929 – 17 July 2018) was a Swedish politician, member of the Moderate Party, and lawyer. Rindborg was a Member of parliament in 1985, and 1991–2002. He has also held the title of Financial County Councillor on Stockholm County Council during the 1980s. As a member of parliament he served on the taxation, law and finance committees.

Aside from politics, Stig Rindborg drove a law firm, was chairman of the lobby organisation Företagarna and was a board member in several companies.
Maine State Route 143
State Route 143 (SR 143) is a 15-mile-long (24 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. The highway, located entirely in Penobscot County, connects U.S. Route 202 (US 202) and SR 9 in the town of Dixmont and SR 222 in the town of Stetson.

Stetson, Maine
Stetson is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,186 at the 2020 census. It was named after its first proprietor, Amasa Stetson. His brother Simeon Stetson originally settled here as well, but moved to nearby Hampden in 1803. Simeon's sons Charles, George, and Isaiah founded a powerful mercantile and political family in Bangor.
Heathcliff (comic strip)
Heathcliff is an American comic strip created by George Gately in 1973, featuring the title character, Heathcliff the orange cat. Now written and drawn by Gately's nephew, Peter Gallagher, it is distributed to over 1,000 newspapers by Creators Syndicate, which took over the comic from McNaught Syndicate in 1988.

The strip and its title character show some resemblance to the more famous Garfield, and as such, people commonly misconstrue Heathcliff to be a knockoff; however, Heathcliff was published five years before the first nationally-syndicated Garfield strip.

The strip is usually presented in single-panel gag cartoons on weekdays. On Sundays, however, the strip is expanded to multiple panels (usually 6–8) and titled Sunday with Heathcliff. A regular feature in the Sunday strips is Kitty Korner, which illustrates single-panel reader-submitted stories about real-world cats and is placed in the bottom right corner, hence the name.

Gag cartoon
A gag cartoon (also panel cartoon, single-panel cartoon, or gag panel) is most often a single-panel cartoon, usually including a caption beneath the drawing. In some cases, dialogue may appear in speech balloons, following the common convention of comic strips. A pantomime cartoon carries no caption (see also: pantomime comics).

As the name implies—"gag" being a show business term for a comedic idea—these cartoons are most often intended to provoke laughter. Popular magazines that have featured gag cartoons include Punch, The New Yorker and Playboy. Some publications, such as Humorama, have used cartoons as the main focus of the magazine, rather than articles and fiction.
James Taylor (cricketer, born 1974)
James Lee Taylor (born 2 November 1974) is a former English cricketer who played for Wiltshire County Cricket Club. He was born at Southampton in Hampshire.

Taylor made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Wiltshire in 1996 against Oxfordshire. From 1996 to 2001, he represented the county in 35 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Wales Minor Counties, and in 15 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.

Taylor also played five times for Wiltshire in List-A cricket between 1999 and 2002, making his List A debut against Northamptonshire Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.

Taylor has played for Totton and Eling Cricket Club in the Southern Premier Cricket League. His brother Billy is a first-class umpire who played first-class cricket for Hampshire and Sussex as well as Minor Counties cricket for Wiltshire.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Pannaria formosana
Pannaria formosana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in eastern Asia, it was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected in February, 1965 by Syo Kurokawa from Chinsueiin Pass, (Taitung Prefecture, Taiwan).

The lichen forms brown, circular patches up to about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter with lobes up to 2 mm wide. These lobes have whitish, pruina-like isidioid secondary lobules. Apothecia occur rarely in this species, and mature ascospores have not been found. The PD+ (orange) chemical spot test reaction indicates the presence of parietin, a lichen product. Pannaria formosana is found in the lowland forests of southern Taiwan and Honshu, Japan, although the author suggests a potentially wider distribution in the islands of Southeast Asia.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
1920/2019
1920/2019 is an orchestral composition written by the American composer Joan Tower. The work was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic as part of "Project 19," an initiative commissioning new works by 19 female composers in honor of the centennial of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Its world premiere, though delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, was given by the New York Philharmonic under the direction of Jaap van Zweden at Alice Tully Hall on December 3, 2021. The piece is dedicated to the New York Philharmonic president and CEO Deborah Borda "in recognition of her vision for the creation of Project 19."

Jaap van Zweden
Jaap van Zweden SBS (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjaːp fɑn ˈzʋeːdə(n)]; born 12 December 1960) is a Dutch conductor and violinist. He is currently music director of the Seoul Philharmonic and music director-designate of the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France.
Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español
Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español (English: Universal Free Encyclopedia in Spanish) was a Spanish-language wiki-based online encyclopedia that started as a fork of the Spanish Wikipedia, released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 and using the same MediaWiki software.

To encourage intellectual freedom, Enciclopedia Libre allowed for a wider range of writing styles and content types. For instance, writers could reflect on philosophical questions, express personal interpretations of cultural issues, or present contrasting viewpoints on controversial subjects.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
2019 European Le Mans Series
The 2019 European Le Mans Series was the sixteenth season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) European Le Mans Series. The six-event season began at Circuit Paul Ricard on 14 April and finished at Algarve International Circuit on 27 October.

The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes, divided into the LMP2 and LMP3 classes, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the LMGTE class.

Algarve International Circuit
The Algarve International Circuit (Portuguese: Autódromo Internacional do Algarve), also known as the Portimão Circuit, is a 4.653 km (2.891 mi) race circuit located in Portimão, Algarve region, Portugal. The development includes a karting track, off-road track, technology park, five-star hotel, sports complex and apartments.

The circuit was designed by Ricardo Pina, Arquitectos. The construction was finished in October 2008 and the circuit was homologated by both the FIM on 11 October 2008 and the FIA two days later. The total cost was €195 million (approximately $250 million).