hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Retreat to Lake Ashenge
The Battle of Lake Ashenge, also called the Retreat of Lake Ashenge, was a skirmish that occurred during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War between the Italian army and the Ethiopian troops. The battle was not essentially a head-on clash between two armies, but rather a pursuit that the Italian troops carried out against the Imperial Army defeated in the previous Battle of Maychew. In this battle, the contribution of the Regia Aeronautica was decisive as it decimated the Ethiopian troops on the shores of Lake Ashenge, effectively breaking apart the last army of the northern front.

Italian 2nd Eritrean Division
The Italian 2nd Eritrean Division, also known as the Second Eritrean Division or II Division Indigeni (Native), was an Italian Infantry division used in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in 1935.  It was formed from the Eritrean Ascari of the Battalion indigeni (Native Battalions) who provided the regular colonial forces of Italian Eritrea.

During the Battle of Maychew the Division took heavy losses against attacks from the elite Ethiopian Imperial Guard.
The Division was dissolved in 1936 after the hostilities had ended.
Amir Avivi
Amir Avivi (Hebrew: אמיר אביבי; born 16 April 1969) is a retired Israeli brigadier general at Israeli Defense Forces. He served as a military lieutenant at the Defense Establishment Comptroller Unit, he was the commander of the Sagi Brigade and the chief of staff for Israeli general and politician Moshe Ya'alon.

In 2020, he founded the NPO "Habithonistim" (הביטחוניסטים) which consists of mainly high-ranking members of the Israeli security forces, and has been its leader ever since. Too, he is the chairman of the Israel Defense and Security Forum (IDSF).

In May 2023, Avivi's book No Retreat: How to Secure Israel for Generations to Come (לא נשוב אחור: כיצד נבטיח את ביטחון ישראל לדורות) was published.

Israeli security forces
Security forces in Israel (also known as Israel security establishment, Hebrew: מערכת הבטחון, romanized: Ma'arechet haBitachon) include a variety of organizations, including military, law enforcement, paramilitary, governmental, and intelligence agencies.
DiMichele
DiMichele (or Di Michele in its original form) is a patronymic surname of Italian origin meaning "of Michele" (equivalent of Michael). Notable people with the surname include:

Adam DiMichele (born 1985), American former football player

Alicia DiMichele (born 1973), former star of U.S. reality show Mob Wives

David Di Michele (born 1976), Italian football player

Frank DiMichele (born 1965), American former baseball player

David Di Michele
David Di Michele (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdaːvid di miˈkɛːle]; born 6 January 1976) is an Italian football manager and former player in the role of striker, last in charge as head coach of Serie C club Turris.

Throughout his playing career, he played for several Italian clubs, and also had a spell on loan with English side West Ham United. At international level, he played six matches for the Italy national football team from 2005 to 2006.
Hindustani verbs
Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) verbs conjugate according to mood, tense, person, number, and gender. Hindustani inflection is markedly simpler in comparison to Sanskrit, from which Hindustani has inherited its verbal conjugation system (through Prakrit). Aspect-marking participles in Hindustani mark the aspect. Gender is not distinct in the present tense of the indicative mood, but all the participle forms agree with the gender and number of the subject. Verbs agree with the gender of the subject or the object depending on whether the subject pronoun is in the dative or ergative case (agrees with the object) or the nominative case (agrees with the subject).

Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and many other languages present number categories of singular or plural. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.

The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect".
Incursion
Incursion may refer:

an invasion

Incursion (game), a 1992 roleplaying game

Incursion (comics), a Marvel Comics concept from the 2015–16 storyline "Secret Wars"
Incursion (Marvel Cinematic Universe), a Marvel Cinematic Universe concept

"Incursion (Part 1)" and "Incursion (Part 2)", Stargate Universe episodes

Runway incursion, an aviation incident

Ultimate Spider-Man: Incursion, a 2025 comic book

Runway incursion
A runway incursion is an aviation incident involving improper positioning of vehicles or people on any airport runway or its protected area. When an incursion involves an active runway being used by arriving or departing aircraft, the potential for a collision hazard or instrument landing system (ILS) interference can exist. At present, various runway safety technologies and processes are commonly employed to reduce the risk and potential consequences of such an event.
Alan Reed
Alan Reed (born Herbert Theodore Bergman; August 20, 1907 – June 14, 1977) was an American actor, best known as the original voice of Fred Flintstone on The Flintstones and various spinoff series. He also appeared in many films, including Days of Glory, The Tarnished Angels, Breakfast at Tiffany's, Viva Zapata! and Nob Hill, as well as several television and radio series.

The Tarnished Angels
The Tarnished Angels is a 1957 black-and-white American CinemaScope drama film directed by Douglas Sirk and starring Rock Hudson, Robert Stack, Dorothy Malone, Jack Carson, and Robert Middleton. The screenplay by George Zuckerman is based on the 1935 novel Pylon by William Faulkner.
Paleobiota of Burmese amber
Burmese amber is fossil resin dating to the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian age recovered from deposits in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar. It is known for being one of the most diverse Cretaceous age amber paleobiotas, containing rich arthropod fossils, along with uncommon vertebrate fossils and even rare marine inclusions. A mostly complete list of all taxa described up to the end of 2023 can be found in Ross (2024).

Hukawng Valley
The Hukawng Valley (Burmese: ဟူးကောင်းချိုင့်ဝှမ်း; also spelt Hukaung Valley) is an isolated valley in Myanmar, roughly 5,586 square miles (14,468 km2) in area.  It is located in Tanaing Township in the Myitkyina District of Kachin State in the northernmost part of the country. It has the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary.
UD San Fernando
Unión Deportiva San Fernando is a Spanish football team based in Maspalomas, in the autonomous community of Canary Islands. Founded in 1992, it plays in , holding home matches at Ciudad Deportiva de Maspalomas, with a capacity of 1,000 seats.

Maspalomas
Maspalomas (Spanish: [maspaˈlomas]) is a tourist resort in the south of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, stretching from Bahía Feliz in the east to Meloneras in the west, including the resort towns of San Agustín, Playa del Inglés and Campo de Golf, as well as the residential areas of San Fernando, El Tablero and Sonnenland. Maspalomas constitutes the southernmost part of the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, and of the island.
NCAA 3x3 basketball championships (Philippines)
The NCAA 3x3 Basketball championship was introduced in 2017–2018 season as a special event, with Letran and JRU winning the inaugural tournament for 14U and 18U. As a special event, the championship will not be included in the General Championship tally.

Letran Knights, Lady Knights and Squires
The Letran Knights and Lady Knights are the collegiate varsity teams representing Colegio de San Juan de Letran in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The high school varsity teams are called the Squires.

The college's varsity teams also participate in other sports leagues such as the Filoil Flying V Preseason Cup, Fr. Martin's Cup, Premier Volleyball League, Milcu Got Skills Inter School, among others.
Robinson's Landing
Robinson's Landing was a location in Baja California, Mexico.  It lay on the west bank of the Colorado River northwest of the north tip of Montague Island in the Colorado River Delta, 10 miles above the mouth of the river on the Gulf of California.  Named for David C. Robinson, it was the place where cargo was unloaded in the river from seagoing craft on to flatbottomed steamboats and carried up to Fort Yuma and points further north on the river from 1852 onward.  Joseph C. Ives, described it as it was in 1858, in his 1861 Report upon the Colorado river of the West The river here was subject to a severe tidal bore that formed in the estuary about Montague Island and propagated upstream and could on occasion swamp barges, boats and ships.  By 1865, a better location was found, ships offloaded their cargos on the east bank of the river at Port Isabel, Sonora, northeast of Montague Island. 17 miles from Robinson's landing and 57 miles below Port Famine.

Tidal bore
A tidal bore, often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay, reversing the direction of the river or bay's current. It is a strong tide that pushes up the river, against the current.
Steek (Sikh literature)
A steek or teeka (other spellings may exist such as stik or tika) (Gurmukhi: ਸਟੀਕ, romanized: steek; 'Exegesis') is an exegesis or commentary on a Sikh religious text, usually Gurbani, but can also include other writings like the ghazals of Bhai Nand Lal. An author of a steek or teeka is known as a teekakar (Gurmukhi: ਟੀਕਾਕਾਰ). A steek always includes an explanation, or viakhya (Gurmukhi: ਵ੍ਯਾਖ੍ਯਾ) of the specific religious text, but depending on the complexity of the steek, it can also include footnotes, commentary, and contexts to the specific verses and where they were first written/revealed (known as an "Uthanka" [Gurmukhi: ਉਥਾਨਕਾ]).

There are different characteristics and variations between steeks. Traditional Sikh commentaries on Sikh scripture are known as a Sampardai Steek/Teeka (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਪ੍ਰਦਾਈ ਟੀਕਾ/ਸਟੀਕ) and usually includes more detailed exegesis of Sikh Scripture.

Sikh scriptures
The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture), more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The second most important scripture of the Sikhs is the Dasam Granth. Both of these consist of text which was written or authorised by the Sikh Gurus.

Within Sikhism the Sri Guru Granth Sahib or Adi Granth is more than just a scripture. Sikhs consider this Granth (holy book) to be a living Guru. The holy text spans 1430 pages and contains the actual words spoken by the Gurus of the Sikh religion  and the words of various other Saints from other religions including Hinduism and Islam.
École supérieure de ballet du Québec
The École supérieure de ballet de Montréal (ESBQ) is a professional dance training school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada which is part of the Maison de la danse Ludmilla Chiriaeff, a building that it has owned since 1982 and which is also home to the dance company Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montréal.

The school is located in central Montreal in the Plateau-Mont-Royal borough, a few yards from the Laurier subway station. It is the only institution in Quebec to offer a complete professional training program in classical ballet. Montreal is home to more than 30 professional dance companies, with more than 200 dance performances presented every year in some 20 different theatres and performance spaces.

Laurier station (Montreal Metro)
Laurier station (French pronunciation: [loʁje]) is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Le Plateau-Mont-Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Orange Line. It is located just to the east of the Mile End neighbourhood. The station opened on October 14, 1966, as part of the original network of the Metro.
Razak Issah
Razak Issah (born 23 July 1993) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ghanaian Premier league side Cape Coast Ebusua Dwarfs. He rose to prominence after scoring a direct free-kick during the first match of the 2020–21 season against Ebusua Dwarfs' rivals Elmina Sharks.

2020–21 Ghana Premier League
The 2020–21 Ghana Premier League is the 65th season of top professional association football league in Ghana. The season started on 14 November 2020. 18 teams were competing in the league with each club playing each other twice, home and away, with the three clubs at the bottom of the league relegated to the Division One League. Hearts of Oak became champion for the first time since twelve years.
Adebayo Adewusi
Adebayo Ismail Adewusi listenⓘ (born May 20, 1958) is a Nigerian academic, lawyer, public administrator, politician and twice a former Commissioner in Lagos state. He was appointed commissioner for Finance between the year 2004 to 2006 and later as commissioner for Budget and Planning. He was also a governorship aspirant in Oyo State, Nigeria. In December 2019,  Adewusi succeeded Barrister Bisi Adegbuyi as the Postmaster General and CEO of Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST) by the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari 
He was later replaced by the incumbent Tola Odeyemi in October 2023 by the administration of President Bola Tinubu

Eruwa
Eruwa (Yoruba: Èrúwà or fully (Èrú wà níbí o) meaning 'pieces of yam are available here' is a town and the headquarters of Ibarapa East Local Government Area in south-western Nigeria located in Oyo state. Eruwa is 72 km south west of Ibadan and 60 km north east of Abeokuta.
Maud Bregeon
Maud Bregeon (born 11 February 1991) is a French politician of Renaissance, who has served as the spokeswoman of the Government in the Barnier government between September and December 2024 and again for the government of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu since 2025. She first became a deputy for Hauts-de-Seine's 13th constituency in  the National Assembly in 2022.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Rustica Carpio
Rustica Cruz Carpio (August 9, 1930 – February 1, 2022) was a Filipino actress, scholar, playwright, philanthropist, and public servant. Most notably an actress, she performed on stage, film, and television. She received acclaim for her role as Lola Puring in Grandmother (Filipino: Lola), a film by Filipino director Brillante Mendoza which was selected to compete in various international film festivals, including Venice and Dubai. For her acting work in the said film, she was critically well-received, earning nominations and awards, winning the Gawad Urian for Best Actress, the Crystal Simorgh for Best International Actress at the Fajr International Film Festival in Iran, and the Las Palmas International Film Festival Best Actress award in Spain.

A scholar, she wrote more than 200 academic and journalistic articles, books, scripts, and stories published locally and abroad. She served also as dean of two schools of communication in Manila, and a graduate school.

66th Venice International Film Festival
The 66th annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 2 to 12 September 2009, at Venice Lido in Italy.

Taiwanese filmmaker Ang Lee was the jury president for the main competition. Italian actress Maria Grazia Cucinotta was the Host of the opening and closing ceremonies. The Golden Lion was awarded to Lebanon by Samuel Maoz.

The festival opened with Baarìa by Giuseppe Tornatore, and the closed with Chengdu, I Love You by Fruit Chan and Cui Jian.
Corticifraga peltigerae
Corticifraga peltigerae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Gomphillaceae, and the type species of the genus Corticifraga. Its typical host lichen is Peltigera, although on occasion it is found on Solorina and Pseudocyphellaria. The fungus was first described in 1867 by the German botanist Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel, who initially classified it in the genus Peziza. It has been transferred to several genera early in its taxonomic history, before ending up in Corticifraga, which was newly circumscribed by David Leslie Hawksworth and Rolf Santesson in 1990 to contain lichenicolous fungi previously referred to Phragmonaevia.

Pseudocyphellaria
Pseudocyphellaria is a genus of large, leafy lichens that are sometimes referred to as "specklebelly" lichens.  The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in south temperate regions, and contains about 170 species. They resemble Lobaria, except that most species of Pseudocyphellaria have conspicuous pseudocyphellae on their lower surface, a characteristic that was once considered unique to this genus. Some species contain pulvinic acid-related pigments; in these species the soredia and pseudocyphellae can be bright yellow.
Joburg Centre for Software Engineering
The Joburg Centre for Software Engineering (JCSE) is an official Centre at based at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University), Johannesburg. The JCSE was established in 2005 as a partnership between academia, government, and industry to promote skills development, research, innovation, and best practices in software engineering, software development, and related ICT fields. This partnership between three major sectors, the City of Johannesburg, the University of the Witwatersrand and ICT and financial services was supposed to lead to a growing infrastructure base, better governance and investments in Gauteng.

The JCSE initiated a digital innovation hub known as Wits University’s Tshimologong Digital Innovation Precinct. This precinct was launched in 2016, with the intention of reaching greater heights of industrialisation. 

A year later, the 2017 Tshimologong Precinct was spun off by Adam Habib as The Wits Incubator (Pty) Ltd
company (Tshimologong).

Adam Habib
Adam Mahomed Habib (born 1965) is a South African academic administrator serving as Vice-Chancellor of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London since 1 January 2021. Previously he served as Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in Johannesburg, South Africa, between 1 June 2013, when the term of his predecessor Loyiso Nongxa ended, and 1 January 2021. He is also a former deputy vice-chancellor of the University of Johannesburg.
Monochrome BBS
Monochrome BBS, known to users as "Mono," is a text-based multi-user bulletin board system featuring thousands of discussion files, along with games, user messaging, and a talker. As of November 2024 it is one of the few BBS's still in operation and actively used on a daily basis by its community. Monochrome runs on custom software, making the platform and user experience distinct from other bulletin board systems.

Telnet
Telnet (sometimes stylized TELNET) is a client-server application protocol that provides access to virtual terminals of remote systems on local area networks or the Internet. It is a protocol for bidirectional 8-bit communications. Its main goal was to connect terminal devices and terminal-oriented processes.

The name "Telnet" refers to two things: a protocol specifying how two parties are to communicate and a software application that implements the protocol as a service. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Telnet transmits all information including usernames and passwords in plaintext so it is not recommended for security-sensitive applications such as remote management of routers. Telnet's use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor of SSH. Some extensions to Telnet which would provide encryption have been proposed.
2002 World Darts Trophy
The 2002 World Darts Trophy was the first edition of the World Darts Trophy, a professional darts tournament held at the De Vechtsebanen in Utrecht, the Netherlands, run by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation.

The final of the first men's event was between Tony David and Tony O'Shea, with Tony David beating Tony O'Shea in straight sets, 6–0. The BDO World Championship runner-up Mervyn King was eliminated in the second round also in straight sets by Tony David. In the final of the first women's event, Mieke de Boer defeated Crissy Howat, 3–1 in sets. Trina Gulliver, the BDO World Champion, was earlier beaten in the women's event by Anne Kirk in the quarter-finals.

World Darts Trophy
The Bullit World Darts Trophy was a professional darts tournament run by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation. Held each September from 2002 to 2007, it took place at the De Vechtsebanen in Utrecht, Netherlands. The tournament had a playing format comparable with the two World Championships (BDO and PDC). Until 2007, it formed the third leg of the BDO Grand Slam, along with the BDO World Championship, the World Masters and the International Darts League.
Franco Debono
Franco Debono (born 9 March 1974) is a Maltese criminal trial lawyer and former Nationalist member of Parliament.

In 1998, while still a university law student, he contested the general election on the Nationalist Party ticket and received 467 votes. In 1999 he graduated as a lawyer from the University of Malta and got his warrant to practice as a lawyer before the Maltese Superior and Inferior Courts on 9 March 2000. He set up his private practice in Zurrieq a village in the fifth district, his electoral constituency. From the very start he specialised in criminal law. In 2003 he contested the general election with the Nationalist Party again and polled 1132 votes. From 2008 until 2013 Debono served one term as Member of Parliament for the Nationalist Party. Debono is the former Commissioner of Laws of Malta, appointed by the Labour-led administration of Joseph Muscat on 24 March 2013.

Maltese Government 2013–2017
The Maltese Government 2013–2017 was the Government of Malta from 11 March 2013 till 1 May 2017. The Maltese government is elected through a General Election for a five-year term (projected dissolution was 10 March 2018). The Head of Government was Joseph Muscat. On 1 May 2017, whilst speaking during a Labour Party mass meeting, Prime Minister Joseph Muscat announced a snap general election for 3 June 2017, a year before the end of his term.
Argas keiransi
Argas keiransi is a species of argasid tick in the subgenus Persicargus that parasitizes the chimango, a falconid bird of prey found in the Sub-Antarctic biogeographical region; the type species was collected in Chillán, Chile.  The species name honors the scientific contributions of James E. Keirans.  A. keiransi is similar to, but morphologically distinct from, Argas giganteus Kohls & Clifford, 1968.

Falconidae
The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America during the Paleocene and is divided into three subfamilies: Herpetotherinae, which includes the laughing falcon and forest falcons; Polyborinae, which includes the spot-winged falconet and the caracaras; and Falconinae, the falcons and kestrels (Falco) and falconets (Microhierax).