hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of the Highland council area
The politics of the Highland council area in Scotland are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the Highland Council, in elections to the council, and in elections to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) and the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). In the European Parliament the area was within the Scotland constituency, which covers all of the 32 council areas of Scotland.

Scotland (European Parliament constituency)
Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə] ⓘ) was a constituency of the European Parliament created in 1999. It elected between eight and six MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation every five years from 1999 until 2020. The constituency was abolished after the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Henneguya zschokkei
Henneguya zschokkei or Henneguya salminicola is a species of a myxosporean endoparasite. It afflicts several salmon and trout in the genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo, where it causes milky flesh or tapioca disease. H. zschokkei does not require oxygen to survive and is notable for being one of the very few multicellular organisms in the animal kingdom to rely on an exclusively anaerobic metabolism. It is also notable for its lack of both mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA.

Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae, native to coldwater tributaries of the North Pacific basin. The genus contains sixteen extant species, namely six species of Pacific salmon and ten species of Pacific trout, all of which are migratory (either anadromous or potamodromous) mid-level predatory fish that display natal homing and semelparity.

The name of the genus is derived from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos), meaning "bend", and ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos), meaning "snout", in reference to the hooked secondary sexual characteristic — known as the kype — that the males develop on the lower jaw tip during mating season.
Victoria-Tobique
Victoria-Tobique was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  This riding was created in the 1973 redistribution when New Brunswick moved to single member districts. It had previously been part of the Victoria district which returned two members.

The riding, which was not changed in the 1994 redistribution, is made up of the anglophone parts of Victoria County which are primarily along the Tobique River. It includes three incorporated municipalities: Perth-Andover, Plaster Rock, and Aroostook as well as the Tobique First Nation Indian reserve.

In 2006, it added small parts of Carleton County to its territory. It was abolished in the 2013 redistribution.

1994 New Brunswick electoral redistribution
The 1992-1994 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the first re-alignment of electoral districts in New Brunswick, Canada, since 1973.  Under this redistribution, several districts were changed significantly due to considerable population shifts from the northern part of the province to the south.  The total number of districts was reduced from 58 to 55. Due to considerable population shifts over the course of two decades, some ridings were merged, while others were split in two, and some were unchanged.

The draft recommendations of new districts was created by a royal commission appointed by Premier Frank McKenna in late 1991, which completed its report in 1993.  The report was then referred to the provincial legislature which made changes, including the addition of a district and several boundary and name changes.  The changes to districts were proclaimed into law in 1994.
Edward Mann Lewis
Edward Mann Lewis, KCB, KCMG, (December 10, 1863 – July 27, 1949) was a highly decorated United States Army officer who served his nation for 46 years. During the First World War, he led the 30th Infantry Division when they broke the Hindenburg Line. Upon arrival in France in 1917, he was placed in command of all U.S. forces in Paris. In 1918 he led the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division at Château-Thierry where he was responsible for planning and leading the attack on the strategic town of Vaux. General John J. Pershing then promoted him and placed him in command of the 30th Infantry Division in July 1918. Assigned to the Fourth British Army, the 30th Division (Old Hickory) broke the Hindenburg Line on September 29, hastening the end of the Great War.

20th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 20th Infantry Regiment ("Sykes' Regulars") is a United States Army infantry regiment. Currently only the 5th Battalion of the 20th Infantry still exists.  Stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord and part of the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, 5-20 Infantry was one of the original battalions selected to take part in the testing and fielding of the U.S. Army's then-new Stryker vehicle.
Derryloughan, County Tyrone
Derryloughan is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southwest corner of Lough Neagh, 4 miles from Coalisland. It is situated in the historic barony of Dungannon Middle and the civil parish of Clonoe and covers an area of 1751 acres.

The name derives from the Irish: Doire Lochain (Oak wood of the little lough).

Barony (county division)
A barony is an administrative division of a county in Scotland, Ireland, outlying parts of England and historically France and Sardinia. As a barony is associated to a Baron and a county to a Count or Earl, it has a lower rank and importance than a county.
Radcliffe RFC
Radcliffe was a semi-professional rugby league club based in Radcliffe, a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England.

The club joined the Northern Union in 1901–02 and played for the single season in the Lancashire Senior Competition, which was effectively Division 2 (West).

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
1960 Force Publique mutinies
On 5 July 1960, soldiers of the garrisons of Léopoldville and Thysville of the Force Publique, the army of the newly independent Republic of the Congo, mutinied against their white officers. The revolt quickly spread throughout the Bas-Congo and engulfed the country in disorder, beginning the Congo Crisis.

Mbanza-Ngungu
Mbanza-Ngungu, formerly known as Thysville or Thysstad, named after Albert Thys, is a city and territory in Kongo Central Province in the western part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, lying on a short branch off the Matadi-Kinshasa Railway. It has a population of nearly 100,000 people.
The Big Number
The Big Number or The Big Act (German: Die große Nummer) is a 1943 German drama film directed by Karl Anton and starring Leny Marenbach, Maly Delschaft and Paul Hoffmann. A circus film, it was originally intended to star Harry Piel but due to delays on Panic he withdrew from the project, although he had contributed to the screenplay. Location shooting took place at the Circus Sarrasani in Dresden. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willy Schiller. It was one of three entertainment-focused films playing in Berlin at the time of the Sportpalast speech by Joseph Goebbels calling for total war.

Total war
Total war is a type of warfare that mobilizes the totality of national resources to sustain war production, blurring the line between military and civilian activities and legitimate attacks on civilian targets as part of a war without restriction as to the combatants, territory or objectives involved.

The term has been defined as "A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded."

In the mid-19th century, scholars identified  what  later became known as total war as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, the differentiation between combatants and non-combatants diminishes due to the capacity of opposing sides to consider nearly every human, including non-combatants, as resources that are used in the war effort.
Notwane F.C.
Notwane FC is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone. It is named after the Notwane River. Notwane is owned by GMG Global Investments, a subsidiary of GMG Holdings  and recently made major scoop by signing former South African international players, former Orlando Pirates player Benedict Vilakazi and former Mamelodi Sundowns player Manqoba Ngwenya

Notwane River
The Notwane River (or Ngotwane River) is a river in southeastern Botswana. 
Certain sections of its course form the international boundary with South Africa. Its mouth is at the head of the Limpopo River. It has a catchment area of 18,053 square kilometres (6,970 sq mi).
Ajmalicine
Ajmalicine, also known as δ-yohimbine or raubasine, is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It has been marketed under numerous brand names including Card-Lamuran, Circolene, Cristanyl, Duxil, Duxor, Hydroxysarpon, Iskedyl, Isosarpan, Isquebral, Lamuran, Melanex, Raunatin, Saltucin Co, Salvalion, and Sarpan. It is an alkaloid found naturally in various plants such as Rauvolfia spp., Catharanthus roseus, and Mitragyna speciosa.

Ajmalicine is structurally related to yohimbine, rauwolscine, and other yohimban derivatives. Like corynanthine, it acts as a α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with preferential actions over α2-adrenergic receptors, underlying its hypotensive rather than hypertensive effects.

Additionally, it is a very strong inhibitor of the CYP2D6 liver enzyme, which is responsible for the breakdown of many drugs. Its binding affinity at this receptor is 3.30 nM.

Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but is grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, and now has a pantropical distribution. It is a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer. It was formerly included in the genus Vinca as Vinca rosea.

It has many vernacular names among which are arivotaombelona or rivotambelona, tonga, tongatse or trongatse, tsimatiririnina, and vonenina.
Minimum depth of occurrence
The minimum depth of occurrence (MDO) is the shallowest depth in the ocean at which a species is observed. Because some aberrant individuals often can be found far outside their typical depth range, the MDO is sometimes defined as the depth below which 90% of individuals are observed or captured. In practice, observations of pelagic organisms are limited to trawling at a known depth, scuba diving observations, or use of underwater vehicles such as ROVs or AUVs. A species' MDO can change throughout ontogeny if the species is an ontogenetic vertical migrator; that is, it changes its habitat depth as it matures (typically descending deeper with increased maturity). Additionally, some species undergo diel vertical migration in which they migrate vertically each day. In these taxa, the MDO is defined based on their shallowest depth during their diel migration.

Autonomous underwater vehicle
An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring continuous input from an operator. AUVs constitute part of a larger group of undersea systems known as unmanned underwater vehicles, a classification that includes non-autonomous remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) – controlled and powered from the surface by an operator/pilot via an umbilical or using remote control. In military applications an AUV is more often referred to as an unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV).  Underwater gliders are a subclass of AUVs. Homing torpedoes can also be considered as a subclass of AUVs.
Hakka Party
The Hakka Party (Chinese: 客家黨; pinyin: Kèjiādǎng) is a minor party in Taiwan, aiming to represent the Hakka people. Their party leader is Tsai Chua Niu.

The Hakka Party developed out of a reaction to the effects of Taiwanization, which Hakkas felt promoted the culture of the Hoklo people at the expense of Hakka and aboriginal culture. In politics, some Hakka activists perceived the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as a "Hoklo-only party", given that the language of the DPP rallies, meetings, and protests is Taiwanese Hokkien. On the other hand, the Kuomintang was perceived to represent primarily mainlander interests.

Hoklo people
The Hoklo people (Chinese: 福佬人; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ho̍h-ló-lâng) are a Han Chinese sub-ethnic group who speak Hokkien, a Southern Min language, or trace their ancestry to southeastern Fujian in China, and known by various related terms such as Banlam people (閩南人; Bân-lâm-lâng), Minnan people, Fujianese people or more commonly in Southeast Asia as the Hokkien people (福建人; Hok-kiàn-lâng).  The Hokkien people are found in significant numbers in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and the United States. The Hokkien people have a distinct culture and architecture, including Hokkien shrines and temples with tilted sharp eaves, high and slanted top roofs, and finely detailed decorative inlays of wood and porcelain. The Hokkien language, which includes Taiwanese Hokkien, is the mainstream Southern Min, which is partially mutually intelligible to other Southern Min varieties such as Teochew, Zhongshan, Haklau, and Zhenan.
Leichhardt Power Station
Leichhardt Power Station is a 60 MW open cycle gas turbine power station near Mount Isa in the Australian state of Queensland. The gas-fired power station was completed in 2014 and is capable of operating on diesel if gas is not available. It contains a single Rolls-Royce Trent 60 gas turbine. It is adjacent to the larger combined cycle Diamantina Power Station for which it provides backup. The power station was built under an engineering, procurement and construction contract by WSP Global. Mount Isa is not on the National Electricity Market, but does have piped natural gas from production in southern Queensland supplied via the Carpentaria Gas Pipeline. Both Diamantina and Leichhardt power stations are owned by APA Group. APA Group bought out its 50% equity partner AGL Energy on 31 March 2016 for A$151 million. It retained the long-term gas supply contract with AGL.

Rolls-Royce Trent
The Rolls-Royce Trent is a family of high-bypass turbofans produced by Rolls-Royce. It continues the three spool architecture of the RB211 with a maximum thrust ranging from 61,900 to 97,000 lbf (275 to 431 kN). Launched as the RB-211-524L in June 1988, the prototype first ran in August 1990. Its first variant is the Trent 700 introduced on the Airbus A330 in March 1995, then the Trent 800 for the Boeing 777 (1996), the Trent 500 for the A340 (2002), the Trent 900 for the A380 (2007), the Trent 1000 for the Boeing 787 (2011), the Trent XWB for the A350 (2015), and the Trent 7000 for the A330neo (2018). It also has marine and industrial variants such as the RR MT30.
Surgeon at Arms
Surgeon at Arms is a 1968 novel by the British writer Richard Gordon. It is the sequel to The Facemaker about a pioneering plastic surgeon, who now faces the growing casualties of the Second World War.

Richard Gordon (English author)
Richard Gordon (born Gordon Stanley Benton, 15 September 1921 – 11 August 2017, also known as Gordon Stanley Ostlere), was an English ship's surgeon and anaesthetist. As Richard Gordon, Ostlere wrote numerous novels, screenplays for film and television and accounts of popular history, mostly dealing with the practice of medicine. He was best known for a long series of comic novels on a medical theme beginning with Doctor in the House, and the subsequent film, television, radio and stage adaptations. His The Alarming History of Medicine was published in 1993, and he followed this with The Alarming History of Sex.
Jerónimo Arango
Jerónimo Julio Arango Arias (1927 — 4 April 2020) was a Mexican billionaire businessman, co-founder of the Aurrerá supermarket chain, with his younger brothers, Manuel and Plácido, known for a long time as three of Mexico's wealthiest men. His net worth was estimated at US$4.6 billion in 2006 by Forbes.

Aurrerá
Aurrerá (word from the Basque language "aurrera" which means "forward") is a defunct grocery chain in Mexico. It started operations in 1958 in Mexico City, and folded in 2001 after being acquired by Walmart.

During 2001 and 2002, the remaining Aurrerá stores became Bodega Aurrerá and Walmart Supercenter stores. In addition, many products (mostly milk) are now marketed at these stores under the Aurrerá brand, similar to Walmart's Great Value brand.
The Council of the Royal Academy Selecting Pictures for the Exhibition, 1875
The Council of the Royal Academy Selecting Pictures for the Exhibition, 1875 is an 1876 history painting by the British artist Charles West Cope. It portrays the hanging committee of the Royal Academy in London in the process of selecting paintings to appear at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1875 at Burlington Gardens. Amongst those featured in the work are the artists John Everett Millais, who is seated in the foreground, George Richmond, Frederic Leighton, John Frederick Lewis, Edward Matthew Ward, Francis Grant, Thomas Faed, Richard Redgrave, Edward Armitage, John Callcott Horsley and James Clarke Hook. The academy's secretary Frederick A. Eaton sits writing while Cope added a self-portrait of himself at the back of the group. Cope's painting was itself displayed at the 1876 Summer Exhibition. The painting is now in the collection of the Royal Academy.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.
Brooklyn Center Transit Center
Brooklyn Center Transit Center (BCTC) is a transit center in the Minneapolis suburb of Brooklyn Center, Minnesota. Owned and operated by Metro Transit, it is one of the busiest single boarding locations in the Twin Cities. The transit center is not a park and ride, but provides free 10-minute parking and free outdoor bike racks. June 8, 2019 Metro Transit's second bus rapid transit line, the Metro C Line, opened with Brooklyn Center Transit Center as the line's northern terminus. The Metro D Line opened in December 2022, also using the center as its northern terminus. The transit center opened December 4, 2004 and cost $1.9 million. Before opening of the C Line, charging stations were installed for end-of-the-line charging of 8 battery electric buses used on the C Line and D Line.

Battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.

Battery electric buses offer the potential for zero-emissions, in addition to much quieter operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes, in contrast with a trolleybus. They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake. With energy consumption of about 1.2 kW⋅h/km (4.3 MJ/km; 1.9 kW⋅h/mi), the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses.

In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that total operating costs per mile of an electric bus fleet in the United States in some cases may be less expensive than a diesel bus fleet.
Edward Allen (Australian politician)
Edward Allen (5 March 1862 – 17 August 1936) was an Australian politician and journalist.

He was born at Shellharbour to dairy farmer John Walter Allen and Charlotte Dunstan. He attended public schools at Shellharbour and Kiama, and later became a grocer and postmaster. He married Anne Mary Elizabeth Lancaster, with whom he had a son. In January 1904, he was elected in a by-election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Illawarra, but he was defeated running for Wollongong at the general election in July of that year. He became proprietor and editor of the Illawarra Mercury from 1904 to 1910, and then from 1910 to 1914 served in the same capacity for the Gulgong Advertiser. From 1909 to 1913 he was on the committee of the New South Wales Country Press Association. After moving to Sydney, he represented the South and Western districts for the Sydney Morning Herald. Allen retired from journalism in 1930, and died at Waverton in 1936.

Kiama, New South Wales
Kiama (/kaɪæmə/) is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole. Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks, and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants. Its proximity to the south of Sydney makes it an attractive destination for many day-trippers and weekenders. Kiama also has historically been a farming and agricultural centre. Even to today it maintains a country and agricultural community with a weekly farmers markets held on Wednesday afternoons.
Vikramaditya Motwane
Vikramaditya Motwane (born 6 December 1976) is an Indian filmmaker who works in Hindi films and series. His directorial debut Udaan (2010) was selected to compete in the Un Certain Regard category at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival and also won seven Filmfare Awards.

Motwane has since directed the period romance Lootera (2013), the survival drama Trapped (2017), the superhero film Bhavesh Joshi Superhero (2018), and the thrillers AK vs AK (2020) and CTRL (2024). He has also produced several films, including Queen (2014) and Udta Punjab (2016). In addition, Motwane has served as creator and director on the streaming series Sacred Games (2018–2019), Jubilee (2023), and Black Warrant (2025).

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).