hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legitimacy (criminal law)
In law, "legitimacy" is distinguished from "legality" (see also color of law). An action can be legal but not legitimate or vice versa it can be legitimate but not legal.

Thomas Hilbink suggests that the power to compel obedience to the law, is derived from the power to sway public opinion, to the belief that the law and its agents are legitimate and deserving of this obedience.

Where as Tyler says, 'Legitimacy is ...a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement, that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just' (Tyler, 2006b: 375). Thus viewed, the legal legitimacy is the belief that the law and agents of the law are rightful holders of authority; that they have the right to dictate appropriate behaviour and are entitled to be obeyed; and that laws should be obeyed, simply because, that is the right thing to do (Tyler, 2006a; Tyler, 2006b; cf. Easton, 1965).

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.
(S)-usnate reductase
In enzymology, (S)-usnate reductase (EC 1.1.1.199) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The enzyme converts the precursor (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one into (S)-usnic acid using oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as cofactor and forming an ether bond.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is reduced-(S)-usnate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (ether-bond-forming). This enzyme is also called L-usnic acid dehydrogenase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Parkways Foundation
Founded in 1994, Parkways Foundation was the non-profit, philanthropic partner of the Chicago Park District.  Parkways sought private investment to enrich the physical and cultural landscape of Chicago's neighborhood parks.  The foundation was led by its board of directors and supported by over 200 board members including Chicago's corporate and philanthropic leaders.  Parkways invested in capital projects, youth cultural and sports programs, and historic preservation in Chicago's neighborhood parks.  Parkways projects focused on underserved neighborhoods for the enrichment of the lives of children and families.

Projects included:

Washington Park Playground

Columbus Park Playground- Chicago's first Boundless Playground for children of all abilities

Inferno Mobile Recording Studio

Alvin Ailey Dance Camp

2 adaptive camps for children with disabilities

Day Camp and after school scholarships

Community Garden Grant

Parkways closed on August 31, 2012.

Day camp
Day camps  also known as summer camps in some areas, are recreational programs designed to provide children with a fun and enriching experience during the summer or school breaks. Unlike residential or overnight camps, day camps operate during daytime hours, allowing children to participate in various activities and return home each evening. These camps offer a wide range of supervised activities, encouraging socialization, learning, and personal growth in a safe and supportive environment. Day camps can be booked by the day or by the week, or month depending on the institution organizing them. Programs are typically available for kids ages 3–17, but the specific age range can vary depending on the camp's focus and structure. The most popular ages for summer day camps are typically ages 5–10.
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (O)
Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Franc
The franc is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription francorum rex (King of the Franks) used on early French coins  and until the 18th century, or from the French franc, meaning "frank" (and "free" in certain contexts, such as coup franc, "free kick").

The countries that use francs today include Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and most of Francophone Africa. The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions.

Before the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, francs were also used in France, Belgium and Luxembourg, while Andorra and Monaco accepted the French franc as legal tender (Monégasque franc). The franc was also used in former French colonies including Algeria and Cambodia. The franc is sometimes Italianised or Hispanicised as the franco, for instance in Luccan franco.
YYZ (song)
"YYZ" (natively pronounced /waɪ waɪ zɛd/ WY-WY-ZED) is an instrumental rock composition by the Canadian rock band Rush from their 1981 album Moving Pictures. The live album Exit... Stage Left (1981) and the concert video recording A Show of Hands (1989) both include versions in which Neil Peart incorporates a drum solo – as an interlude on the former, and as a segue out of the piece on the latter.

Wind chime
Wind chimes are a type of percussion instrument constructed from suspended tubes, rods, bells, or other objects that are often made of metal or wood. The tubes or rods are suspended along with some type of weight or surface which the tubes or rods can strike when they or another wind-catching surface are blown by the natural movement of air outside.

They are usually hung outside of a building or residence as a visual and aural garden ornament. Since the percussion instruments are struck according to the random effects of the wind blowing the chimes, wind chimes have been considered an example of chance-based music. The tubes or rods may sound either indistinct pitches, or fairly distinct pitches. Wind chimes that sound fairly distinct pitches can, through the chance movement of air, create simple songs or broken chords.
William Weddell
William Weddell (13 May 1736 – 30 April 1792) of Newby Hall in the parish of Skelton-on-Ure, near Ripon in the West Riding of Yorkshire, was a British landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1766 and 1792. He created a notable collection of antiquities including the Barberini Venus.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Tahirah Sharif
Tahirah Amandla Sharif is a British actress noted mainly for her roles as student Carrie Norton in Waterloo Road in 2015, Rebecca Jessel in the Netflix horror anthology series The Haunting of Bly Manor in 2020, and PC Lizzie Adama in The Tower in 2021 for which she received a Supporting Actress BAFTA nomination.

Moon on a Rainbow Shawl
Moon on a Rainbow Shawl is a 1957 play written by Trinidadian actor-playwright Errol John. Described as "ground-breaking" and "a breakthrough in Britain for black writing," the play has been produced and revived worldwide since its premiere at London's Royal Court Theatre. It won the 1957 London Observer playwriting competition.
Sepp Ritter
Sepp Ritter (29 January 1912 – 19 January 1989) was a veterinarian and politician from Liechtenstein. He was the leader of the German National Movement in Liechtenstein from 1943 to 1945, a Nazi Party that aimed to unify with Nazi Germany.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
The Galton Whistle
"The Galton Whistle" is a science fiction short story  by American writer  L. Sprague de Camp, a story in his Viagens Interplanetarias series. It is the first (chronologically) set on the planet Vishnu. It was first published, as "Ultrasonic God," in the magazine Future Combined with Science Fiction Stories in the issue for July, 1951. It first appeared in book form under the present title (that preferred by the author) in the collection The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens, published in hardcover by Twayne Publishers in 1953, and in paperback by Signet Books in 1971. It also appeared in the anthologies Novelets of Science Fiction (Belmont Books, 1963, under the original title), The Good Old Stuff (St. Martin's Griffin, 1998), and The Good Stuff (Science Fiction Book Club, 1999).  The story has been translated into Portuguese, Dutch, and Italian.

L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/; November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books,  including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.
Spasskoye, Spassky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Spasskoye (Russian: Спа́сское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Spassky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  3,947 (2010 Census); 4,092 (2002 Census); 4,044 (1989 Soviet census).

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
December (Reigan Derry EP)
December is the second extended play (EP) by Australian singer and songwriter Reigan Derry. The EP was released through Sony Music Australia on 11 December 2015. The four-track EP contains reworked versions of classic Christmas Carols all recorded live and unrehearsed.

In a statement, Derry said "The songs I’ve chosen to cover are all between 100-200 years old. I wanted to pay respect to the original songs by keeping the melodies and lyrics the same but changing the structure, tempo and chords." adding "My family are quite festive. We play Christmas music from 1 December until Boxing Day. I have so much Christmas music on my iTunes but I didn’t have any of the timeless carols! I wanted to open these songs up and share some of my favourites."

Sony Music Australia
Sony Music Entertainment Australia is the predominant record label operated by American parent company Sony Music Entertainment in Australia. Prior to 1995, SMEA published and distributed video games in Australia & New Zealand on behalf of Sony Imagesoft and Sony Electronic Publishing Europe, and briefly operated Sony's PlayStation business in Australia & New Zealand on behalf of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe.

Sony Music Entertainment Australia, as of July 2017, also runs British multimedia Ministry of Sound Recordings' Australian operations on behalf of Sony Music UK, taking over from recently renamed TMRW Music, formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of Ministry of Sound until 2004.
KPS Capital Partners
KPS Capital Partners is an American investment company that manages KPS Special Situation Funds, a family of investment funds. KPS specifically invests out of two funds raised in October 2019: KPS Special Situations Fund V ($6.12 billion) and KPS Mid-Cap Fund ($1.02 billion).

In June 2024, KPS Capital Partners ranked 50th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.

Private Equity International
Private Equity International (PEI) is a global insight, analysis and data provider for the private equity industry.

Launched in December 2001, the title's website and printed magazines cover people, funds, capital providers and financial trends.

It is known for its annual ranking of the industry's largest private equity groups, the PEI 300, which measures firms by capital raised ("dry powder" in industry terms) over a 5-year period. The first PEI ranking of private equity groups was published in 2007.

Private Equity International is published by London-headquartered PEI Group. It has offices in London, New York, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Sydney and Los Angeles. Private Equity International's sister publications/sites include Venture Capital Journal, Buyouts magazine and PE Hub.
L-curve
L-curve is a visualization method used in the field of regularization in numerical analysis and mathematical optimization. It represents a logarithmic plot where the norm of a regularized solution is plotted against the norm of the corresponding residual norm. It is useful for picking an appropriate regularization parameter for the given data.

This method can be applied on methods of regularization of least-square problems, such as Tikhonov regularization and the Truncated SVD, and iterative methods of solving ill-posed inverse problems, such as the Landweber algorithm, Modified Richardson iteration and Conjugate gradient method.

Modified Richardson iteration
Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method.

We seek the solution to a set of linear equations, expressed in matrix terms as

The Richardson iteration is

where  is a scalar parameter that has to be chosen such that the sequence  converges.

It is easy to see that the method has the correct fixed points, because if it converges, then  and  has to approximate a solution of .
Grießkogel
Grießkogel or Grieskogel is the name of the following mountains in Austria:

Breiter Grießkogel (3,287 m0, near Längenfeld in the Stubai Alps

Grießkogel (Glockner Group) (3,066 m), in the Glockner Group of the High Tauern

Grießkogel (Steinernes Meer) (2,543 m), in the Steinernes Meer

Grießkogel (Tennen) (2,270 m), in the Tennen Mountains

Kühtaier Grießkogel (Hinterer 2,673 m and Vorderer 2,666 m), near Kühtai in the Sellrain Mountains (Ötztal Alps)

Praxmarer Grieskogel (2,711 m), near Praxmar in the Sellrain in the  Stubai Alps

Rietzer Grießkogel (2,884 m), above Telfs and Kühtai in the Sellrain Mountains (Ötztal Alps)

Söldner Grieskogel (2,911 m), on the Geigenkamm ridge of the Ötztal Alps

Rietzer Grießkogel
The Rietzer Grießkogel (also: Grieskogel) is a mountain, 2,884 m (AA), and the highest peak in the Northern Sellrain Mountains, part of the Stubai Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The summit is easily climbed on path no. 153. The first documented ascent was undertaken in 1829 by Innsbruck botanist, Andrä Sauter, a brother of Anton Sauter. As a result of its easy accessibility on well marked paths from Telfs in the Inn Valley and from the Sellrain Valley, it is a popular destination. Its name is derived from the village of Rietz at its northern foot in the district of Imst in the upper Inn valley.
2026 ABN AMRO Open – Singles
Alex de Minaur defeated Félix Auger-Aliassime in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2026 Rotterdam Open. It was his first title at the event, following runner-up finishes the previous two years, and 11th ATP Tour title overall. De Minaur became the first player in tournament history to reach three consecutive finals.

Carlos Alcaraz was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

The first-round match between Stan Wawrinka (40 years, 320 days) and Thijs Boogaard (17 years, 221 days) marked the largest age gap between two players in an ATP Tour singles main-draw match since the 2011 Vienna Open first-round match between Thomas Muster and Dominic Thiem, and the second-largest gap overall since the establishment of the ATP Tour in 1990.

Thomas Muster
Thomas Muster (German: [ˈmʊstɐ]; born 2 October 1967) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Muster won 44 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 1995 French Open and eight Masters titles. One of the world's leading clay court players in the 1990s, at his peak he was called "The King of Clay". He is the first Austrian to win a major singles title, followed by Dominic Thiem at the 2020 US Open.
Gori, Benin
Gori is a town in the Nikki arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Nikki. According to the population census in 2013, the village had a total population of 1,718.

Borgou Department
Borgou [bɔʁ.ɡu] is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Borgou borders the country of Nigeria and the departments of Alibori, Atakora, Collines and Donga. The capital of Borgou is Parakou. The department of Borgou was bifurcated in 1999, with its northern territory transferred to the newly created Alibori Department.

According to the 2013 census, the total population of the department was 1,214,249, with 607,013 males and 607,236 females. The proportion of women was 50.00%. The total rural population was 56.40%, while the urban population was 43.60%. The total labour force in the department was 271,652, of which 25.20% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 64.30%.
Anil Kumar Singh (chemist)
Anil Kumar Singh is an Indian professor of chemistry at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.

In 2011–2014 he was Vice-chancellor of the University of Allahabad, having held the same post at Bundelkhand University in 2007.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
The City Drive
The City Drive was a Los Angeles-based pop rock band fronted by the actor Danny Smith (vocals, guitar). Other members were Chris Perry (lead guitar, backing vocals), Marc Precilla (drums) and Scott Waldman (bass guitar, backing vocals) who was later replaced by Jake Rodenhouse. They recorded with producers such as Mike Green (Yellowcard, Rufio) and Chris Fudurich (Jimmy Eat World, RX Bandits).

Rx Bandits
Rx Bandits are an American rock band based in Seal Beach, California, United States. The band formed in 1995 in Orange County, California. Initially formed as a reggae/ska band, their style overtime evolved into a hybrid of progressive rock, ska and reggae.

They have appeared on the Vans Warped Tour, at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and The Bamboozle. In the UK, they have appeared at Reading/Leeds Festival & Slam Dunk Festival.
Acetabular fossa
The acetabular fossa is the non-articular depressed region at the centre of the floor of the acetabulum. It is surrounded by the articular lunate surface.: 1368  The floor of the fossa is formed mostly by the ischium; it is rough: 1354  and thin (often to the point of transparency). The space of the fossa is continuous inferiorly with the acetabular notch.

The fossa does not contain any cartilage.: 1368  It is occupied by the ligament of head of femur, and by fibroelastic adipose tissue: 1368  (within which the acetabular branch of the obturator artery ramifies: 1250 ) that is mostly lined with synovial membrane.: 1368  The acetabular "fat pad" is thought to contain abundant proprioceptive nerve endings that sense compression of the fat pad or its displacement through the acetabular notch, producing proprioceptive information.

Synovial membrane
The synovial membrane (also known as the synovial stratum, synovium or stratum synoviale) is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints, tendon sheaths, and synovial bursas. It makes direct contact with the fibrous membrane on the outside surface and with the synovial fluid lubricant on the inside surface.

In contact with the synovial fluid at the tissue surface are many rounded macrophage-like synovial cells (type A) and also type B cells, which are also known as fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Type A cells maintain the synovial fluid by removing wear-and-tear debris. The FLS (type B cells) produce hyaluronan, as well as other extracellular components in the synovial fluid.
Francis Wilson (meteorologist)
Francis Alfred Wilson, FRMetS, CMet (Chartered Meteorologist), (born 27 February 1949) is a Scottish-born weather forecaster, from Buckinghamshire, who was a presenter and the Head of Weather on the BBC's Breakfast Time and Breakfast News from 1983 until 1992, and Sky News from 1993 until 2010.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.