hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Occluded front
In meteorology, an occluded front is a type of weather front formed during cyclogenesis. The classical and usual view of an occluded front is that it starts when a cold front overtakes a warm front near a cyclone, such that the warm air is separated (occluded) from the cyclone center at the surface. The point where the warm front becomes the occluded front is the triple point; a new area of low-pressure that develops at this point is called a triple-point low. A more modern view of the formation process suggests that occluded fronts form directly without the influence of other fronts during the wrap-up of the baroclinic zone during cyclogenesis, and then lengthen due to flow deformation and rotation around the cyclone as the cyclone forms.

Deformation (meteorology)
Deformation is the rate of change of shape of fluid bodies. Meteorologically, this quantity is very important in the formation of atmospheric fronts, in the explanation of cloud shapes, and in the diffusion of materials and properties.
Jean-Louis Salager
Jean-Louis Salager was born in Montpellier, France, on May 22, 1944. He obtained the titles of BSc. in chemistry (1966) and chemical engineering (1967) at the University of Nancy (France), MSc. in chemical engineering (1970) and PhD in chemical engineering (1975) at the University of Texas (United States) and postdoctorate at the University of Texas (1977–1978). Admitted as assistant professor at the School of Chemical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela (1970), where he recently obtained the professor emeritus category. He has supervised over 100 undergraduate and 60 MSc & Dr/PhD dissertations. He has written 20 book chapters and more than 600 articles and communications. He is the second most cited researcher in Venezuelan institutions, according to the Google Scholar Scitations ranking published in 2015.

Foam
Foams are two-phase material systems where a gas is dispersed in a second, non-gaseous material, specifically, in which gas cells are enclosed by a distinct liquid or solid material.: 6 : 4  Foam "may contain more or less liquid [or solid] according to circumstances",: 6  although in the case of gas-liquid foams, the gas occupies most of the volume.: 4

In most foams, the volume of gas is large, with thin films of liquid or solid separating the regions of gas.
Knowledge and Its Limits
Knowledge and Its Limits, a 2000 book by philosopher Timothy Williamson, argues that the concept of knowledge cannot be analyzed into a set of other concepts; instead, it is sui generis. Thus, though knowledge requires justification, truth, and belief, the word "knowledge" cannot be accurately regarded as simply shorthand for "justified true belief". It initiated a new approach to epistemology, generally referred to as knowledge-first epistemology.

Sui generis
Sui generis is a Latin phrase that means "of its/their own kind" or "in a class by itself", therefore "unique". It denotes an exclusion to the larger system an object is in relation to.

Several disciplines use the term to refer to unique entities. These include:

Biology, for species that do not fit into a genus that includes other species (its own genus)

Creative arts, for artistic works that go beyond conventional genre boundaries (its own genre)

Law, when a special and unique interpretation of a case or authority is necessary (its own special case)
Intellectual property rights, for types of works not falling under general copyright law but protected through separate statutes
Laws of war, for types of actions that are argued to be legal due to exceptional circumstances in conflict

Philosophy, to indicate an idea, an entity, or a reality that cannot be reduced to a lower concept or included in a higher concept (its own category)
Wicks n' More
Wicks n' More is a candle manufacturer based in Tupelo, Mississippi, United States. Its specialty is hand-poured pillar candles. Founded in 1998, Wicks n More quickly grew to selling their products in over 3,000 stores in the United States by 2007. The company also sells container candles, gift sets, simmer scents and votive candles.

Votive candle
A votive candle or prayer candle is a small candle, typically white or beeswax yellow, intended to be burnt as a votive offering in an act of Christian prayer, especially within the Anglican, Lutheran, and Roman Catholic Christian denominations, among others. In Christianity, votive candles are commonplace in many churches, as well as home altars, and symbolize the "prayers the worshipper is offering for him or herself, or for other people." The size of a votive candle is often two inches tall by one and a half inches diameter, although other votive candles can be significantly taller and wider. In other religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, similar offerings exist, which include diyas and butter lamps.
Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg
Conrad I (c. 1040 – 8 August 1086) was Count of Luxembourg (1059–1086), succeeding his father, Giselbert.

Conrad was embroiled in an argument with the Archbishop of Trier as to the abbaye Saint-Maximin in Trier which he had avowed. The archbishop excommunicated him, and Conrad had to make honourable amends and set out on pilgrimage for Jerusalem to have his excommunication lifted. He died in Italy on the return journey.

Conrad founded the Orval Abbey in 1070 with Count Arnold I of Chiny and the Altmünster Abbey in 1083.

His nephew was Hézelon de Liège, canon and architect of the church of Cluny Abbey (Cluny III).

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
French ship Hercule (1778)
Hercule was a Scipion-class 74-gun French ship of the line built at Rochefort.

In 1781, under Captain Turpin du Breuil, Hercule was in the Blue squadron of the fleet under François Joseph Paul de Grasse.  She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781, and in the subsequent Siege of Yorktown.

It was commanded by Captain Jean Isaac Chadeau de la Clocheterie in the Battle of the Saintes.

Hercule was razéed in 1794. In May 1795, she was renamed to Hydre.

She was eventually broken up in 1799.

François Joseph Paul de Grasse
Lieutenant général des armées navales François Joseph Paul, Comte de Grasse, Marquis of Grasse-Tilly, KM (13 September 1722 – 11 January 1788) was a French naval officer. He is best known for his crucial victory over the Royal Navy at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The battle directly led to the Franco-American victory at the siege of Yorktown and helped secure the independence of the United States.

After the battle, de Grasse returned with his fleet to the Caribbean. In 1782, a British fleet under Admiral George Rodney defeated and captured de Grasse at the Battle of the Saintes. De Grasse was widely criticised for his defeat in the battle. On his return to France in 1784, he blamed his captains for the defeat. A court-martial exonerated all of his captains, effectively ending his naval career.
Federal Europe
A federal Europe, also referred to as the United States of Europe (USE) or a European federation, is a hypothetical scenario of European integration leading to the formation of a sovereign superstate (similar to the United States), organised as a federation of the member countries of the European Union (EU), as contemplated by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians, futurologists and fiction writers. At present, while the EU is not officially a federation or even a confederation, most contemporary scholars of federalism view the EU as a federal system, a supranational union, which has a flexible (see right to secession, Article 50 and Brexit) membership and competence delegation.

Supranational union
A supranational union is a type of international organization and political union that is empowered to directly exercise some of the powers and functions otherwise reserved to states. A supranational organization involves a greater transfer of or limitation of state sovereignty than other kinds of international organizations.

The European Union (EU) has been described as a paradigmatic case of a supranational organization, as it has deep political, economic and social integration, which includes a common market, joint border control, a supreme court, and regular popular elections.

Another method of decision-making in international organisations is intergovernmentalism, in which state governments play a more prominent role.
Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle
Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle (29 March 1948 – 30 November 2022) was an Indian educationist and Marathi writer from Maharashtra. He was the vice chancellor of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, whose seat is in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. He was elected as a president of 86th Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan scheduled to be held at Chiplun.

Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan
Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All India Marathi Literary Conference) is an annual conference for literary discussions by Marathi writers. Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra State. The first Marathi Sahitya Sammelan was held in Pune in 1878 under the chairmanship of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade.
Hammick reaction
The Hammick reaction, named after Dalziel Hammick, is a chemical reaction in which the thermal decarboxylation of α-picolinic (or related) acids in the presence of carbonyl compounds forms 2-pyridyl-carbinols.

Using p-cymene as solvent has been shown to increase yields.

P-Cymene
p-Cymene is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound. It is classified as an alkylbenzene related to monocyclic monoterpenes. Its structure consists of a benzene ring para-substituted with a methyl group and an isopropyl group. p-Cymene is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents.
Model category
In mathematics, particularly in homotopy theory, a model category is a category with distinguished classes of morphisms ('arrows') called 'weak equivalences', 'fibrations' and 'cofibrations' satisfying certain axioms relating them. These abstract from the category of topological spaces or of chain complexes (derived category theory). The concept was introduced by Daniel G. Quillen (1967).

In recent decades, the language of model categories has been used in some parts of algebraic K-theory and algebraic geometry, where homotopy-theoretic approaches led to deep results.

Denis-Charles Cisinski
Denis-Charles Cisinski (born March 10, 1976) is a mathematician focussing on higher category theory, homotopy theory, K-theory and algebraic geometry. In 2001, Cisinski model structures on topoi were introduced and later named after him. Since 2016, Denis-Charles Cisinski works at the Universität Regensburg.
Barry Brown
Barry Brown is the name of:

Barry Brown (actor) (1951–1978), American author, playwright and actor

Barry Brown (American football) (1943–2020), American professional football linebacker and tight end

Barry Brown (attorney), American professor at Suffolk University Law School

Barry Brown (boxer) (1931–2004), New Zealand boxer of the 1950s

Barry Brown (Canadian musician) (born 1952), Canadian country music singer-songwriter

Barry Brown (director) (born 1934), American film director

Barry Brown (singer) (1962–2004), Jamaican reggae singer

Barry Brown (volleyball) (1934–2022), American former volleyball player

Barry Brown Jr. (born 1996) American basketball player

Barry Alexander Brown (born 1950), American film editor and director

Barry Brown (American football)
Joseph Barry Brown (April 17, 1943 – February 6, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker and tight end for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) during the 1960s and early 1970s.  He played college football for the Florida Gators, and was selected in 19th round of the 1965 NFL draft. He played professionally for the Baltimore Colts, New York Giants and Boston Patriots.
Heat diffuser
Cooking portal

A heat diffuser, flame tamer, or simmering plate (UK) is a cooking utensil that is placed on top of a burner on a cooktop to separate the cooking pot or pan from the direct source of heat, making the heat more gentle and even.

Cooktop
A cooktop (American and Canadian English), hob (British English), or stovetop (general) is a device commonly used for cooking that is typically found in kitchens and used to apply heat to the base of pans or pots. Cooktops are often found integrated with an oven into a kitchen stove but may also be standalone devices. Cooktops are most often powered by gas or electricity, although oil or other fuels are sometimes used.

A cooktop may also be called a stove or range, though in more formal usage these refer collectively to the stovetop and the furnace or appliance beneath.
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS) is an online training initiative and portal built as per the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education framework. This is a federal cybersecurity training subcomponent, operated and maintained by Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

CompTIA
The Computing Technology Industry Association, more commonly known as CompTIA, is a for-profit American trade association that issues vendor-neutral professional certifications for the information technology (IT) industry.
2026 Japanese general election in Shikoku
This page contains the detailed results for the 2026 Japanese general election in Shikoku.

Within Shikoku region, there is the Shikoku proportional block which elects 6 members by party list proportional representation. In addition to the block seats, Shikoku has 10 constituencies each electing a single member each by first past the post.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Arlington High School
Arlington High School can refer to one of several American high schools:

Arlington High School (California), Riverside, California

Arlington High School (Illinois), Arlington Heights, Illinois

Arlington High School (Indiana), Indianapolis, Indiana

Arlington High School (Massachusetts), Arlington, Massachusetts

Arlington Senior High School, Saint Paul, Minnesota

Arlington High School (Nebraska), Arlington, Nebraska

Arlington High School (New York), LaGrange, New York

Arlington High School (Ohio), Arlington, Ohio

Arlington High School (Oregon), Arlington, Oregon

Arlington High School (Tennessee), Arlington, Tennessee

Arlington High School (Texas), Arlington, Texas

Arlington High School (Washington), Arlington, Washington

Arlington High School (Washington)
Arlington High School is a public high school located in Arlington, Washington and is home to the Eagles.  The enrollment was 1,622 for the 2023–2024 school year. This school was built in 2002 after years of unsuccessful building bonds.  The grand opening, after five years of raising funds, was on May 31, 2003.
Louis LaBeaume
Louis LaBeaume NA FAIA (July 31, 1873 – November 9, 1961) was an American architect in the Beaux-Arts tradition. He practiced in St. Louis from 1904 until his retirement c. 1956. For over thirty years, from 1912 until 1944, he worked in partnership with architect Eugene S. Klein FAIA (March 11, 1876 – November 20, 1945) in the firm of LaBeaume & Klein. They had a prolific practice centered on St. Louis and their exceptional work was the combined Kiel Opera House and Kiel Auditorium, completed in 1934 and partially extant.

Lindenwood University
Lindenwood University is a private university in St. Charles, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1832 by George Champlin Sibley and Mary Easton Sibley as The Lindenwood School for Girls, it is the second-oldest higher-education institution west of the Mississippi River.

Lindenwood offers undergraduate and graduate degrees through nine colleges and schools. Its enrollment was 6,992 students in 2021. The main academic and residential campus is located 24 miles (39 km) northwest of St. Louis, Missouri, in St. Charles.
Lipscomb Bisons baseball
The Lipscomb Bisons baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and is a member of the ASUN Conference.

The Bisons have been to three NCAA tournaments, in 2008, 2015, and 2023.

Lipscomb University
Lipscomb University is a private Christian university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is affiliated with the Churches of Christ. The campus is located in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville; it also maintains one satellite location called "Spark" in Downtown Nashville to serve the business community. Total student enrollment for the fall 2022 semester was 4,704, which included 2,955 undergraduate students and 1,749 graduate students. Lipscomb has been rated the #3 Best College in Tennessee.
Paramushir shrew
The Paramushir shrew (Sorex leucogaster) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Russia. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is likely named for Paramushir Island, home to several other species of shrew in the genus Sorex.

Paramushir
Paramushir (Russian: Парамушир, romanized: Paramushir; Japanese: 幌筵島, romanized: Paramushiru-tō) is a volcanic island in the northern portion of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is separated from Shumshu by the very narrow Second Kuril Strait in the northeast 2.5 km (1.6 mi), from Antsiferov by the Luzhin Strait (15 km (9.3 mi)) to the southwest, from Atlasov in the northwest by 20 km (12 mi), and from Onekotan in the south by the 40 km (25 mi) wide Fourth Kuril Strait. Its northern tip is 39 km (24 mi) from Cape Lopatka at the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Severo-Kurilsk, the administrative center of the Severo-Kurilsky district, is the only permanently populated settlement on Paramushir island.
Thomas Toal
Thomas Toal (1862 – 24 January 1946) was an Irish politician. He was a Cumann na nGaedheal member of Seanad Éireann from 1925 to 1936. He was elected at the 1925 Seanad election for 12 years and served until the Free State Seanad was abolished in 1936.

A native of County Monaghan, Toal was chairman of Monaghan County Council for over forty years up to 1942. He died at his home at Magherarney House, Smithborough, on 24 January 1946.

Cumann na nGaedheal
Cumann na nGaedheal (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkʊmˠən̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈŋeːl̪ˠ]; lit. 'Society of the Gaels') was a political party in the Irish Free State, which formed the government from 1923 to 1932. It was named after the original Cumann na nGaedheal organisation which merged with the Dungannon Clubs and the National Council to form Sinn Féin in 1905. In 1933 it merged with smaller groups to form the Fine Gael party.
Georgian football clubs in European competitions
Georgian football clubs have competed in European football tournaments since 1972–73 season, when Dinamo Tbilisi took part in UEFA Cup. At the time Georgian clubs were representing the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, clubs took part in the UEFA Champions League (formerly European Cup), UEFA Europa League (formerly UEFA Cup), UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Intertoto Cup. Georgian clubs have been qualifying to European competitions through the Erovnuli Liga and Georgian Cup.

The biggest achievement of Georgian club football is winning UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1981 by Dinamo Tbilisi.

1981 European Cup Winners' Cup final
The 1981 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was a football match contested on 13 May 1981 between Dinamo Tbilisi of the Soviet Union and Carl Zeiss Jena of East Germany. It was the final game of the 1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup, and the 21st European Cup Winners' Cup final, held at Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf, West Germany. Only 4,750 people attended the match, though some sources claim there were 9,000 people. Dinamo Tbilisi won the match 2–1 thanks to goals by Vladimir Gutsaev and Vitaly Daraselia.
Magnetity
Magnetity (Russian: Магнетиты) is a rural locality (a railway station) under the administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Kildinstroy in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle. Population: 124 (2010 Census).

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Jerwonice
Jerwonice [jɛrvɔˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutomiersk, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Lutomiersk, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Pabianice, and 25 km (16 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pabianice County
Pabianice County (Polish: powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pabianice, which lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Konstantynów Łódzki, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Pabianice.

The county covers an area of 490.77 square kilometres (189.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 119,008, out of which the population of Pabianice was 70,445, that of Konstantynów Łódzki 17,564, and the rural population was 30,999.