hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnold H. Buss
Arnold Herbert Buss (August 7, 1924 – June 26, 2021) was a professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin known for his work in aggression, temperament, self-consciousness and shyness.

Shyness
Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people. This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people; a shy person may simply opt to avoid these situations. Although shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem, the primary defining characteristic of shyness is a fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior. This fear of negative reactions such as being mocked, humiliated or patronized, criticized or rejected can cause a shy person to retreat. Stronger forms of shyness can be referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.
Las Flores, Buenos Aires
Las Flores is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the only city in Las Flores Partido. It had a population of about 26,000 at the 2022 census [INDEC]. It is located 187 km from Buenos Aires City. The main economic activities in the area are agriculture and cattle breeding.

It is served by Las Flores Airport, a rural airport 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of the city.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Luigi Alva
Luis Ernesto Alva y Talledo (10 April 1927 – 15 May 2025), known professionally as Luigi Alva,  was a Peruvian operatic tenor who worked internationally at the major opera houses and festivals. A Mozart and Rossini specialist, Alva achieved fame with roles such as Don Ottavio in Mozart's Don Giovanni, Count Almaviva in Rossini's The Barber of Seville, and Fenton in Verdi's Falstaff, but he also appeared in world premieres. He retired from the stage in 1989.

L'elisir d'amore
L'elisir d'amore (pronounced [leliˈzir daˈmoːre]; The Elixir of Love) is a melodramma giocoso (comic melodrama, opera buffa) in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831). The opera premiered on 12 May 1832 at the Teatro della Canobbiana in Milan and has remained continually in the international opera repertory.
Turan ensemble
Turan Ensemble (also named Тұран, or Turan Ethno Folk Band) is a Kazakh folk music band, which was created in 2008 by several students of Kazakh National Conservatory named after Kurmangazy.

The Turan ensemble is a band composed of five members: Abzal Arykbaev who is the group's throat singer, Maxat (Maksat) Medeubek, Bauirzhan Bekmukhanbetov, Serik Nurmoldaev, Erzhigit Aliyev.

The band usually play popular folk instruments such as dombra, zhetigen, kobyz, sybyzgy, sherter, shankobyz and some others. In their performances the Turan ensemble often wears traditional Kazakh costume to invoke links to an ancient Turkic past. As artists-in-residence at the Museum of Kazakh Folk Musical Instruments, the Turan ensemble seeks new ways to remodel folk music by using these traditional Kazakh musical instruments.

Kurmangazy District
Kurmangazy District (Kazakh: Құрманғазы ауданы, Qūrmanğazy audany, قۇرمانعازى اۋدانى) is a district of Atyrau Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Kurmangazy. Population: 57,138 (2013 estimate); 55,502 (2009 census results); 55,579 (1999 census results).
Horgebest Peak
Horgebest Peak (72°34′S 0°27′E﻿ / ﻿72.567°S 0.450°E﻿ / -72.567; 0.450) is a peak just east of Fred Cirque in the Roots Heights, in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Horgebest (mountain beast).

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Bertel
Bertel is a Scandinavian male given name. Notable people named Bertel include:

Bertel Backman (1906–1981), Finnish speed skater who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics

Bertel Dahlgaard (1887–1972), Danish politician, member of Folketinget for the Social Liberal Party 1920–1960, and statistician

Bertel Flaten (1900–1963), Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party

Bertel Haarder (born 1944), Danish politician

Bertel Jung (1872–1946), Finnish architect and urban planner

Bertel Lauring (1928–2000), Danish film actor

Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), Danish / Icelandic sculptor

Bertel Lauring
Bertel Lauring (11 January 1928 – 28 January 2000) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 36 films between 1953 and 1981. He was born in Frederiksberg, Denmark and died in Denmark.

After being a student at Odense Theatre and then having the opportunity to play small roles on several Copenhagen stages, he entered the Royal Theatre's student school in 1952. In the following years he appeared mostly in the capital's theatres, but also spent a number of years at the Aarhus Theatre. Bertel Lauring had several roles in radio and television and managed to record a number of films. He is buried in Bispebjerg Cemetery.
William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe
William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe (27 September 1841 – 19 January 1912) was an English Conservative Party politician.

Jolliffe was educated at Eton. He served in the Scots Guards and the North Somerset Yeomanry. He was the Member of Parliament for Petersfield from 1874 to 1880. He resided at 17 Lowndes Square when Parliament was siting and Heath House, Petersfield when it was in recess.

Scots Guards
The Scots Guards (SG) is the regiment of Foot Guards of Scotland, and one of the five foot guard regiments of the British Army. Its origins are as the personal bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland. Its lineage can be traced back to 1642 in the Kingdom of Scotland, although it was only placed on the English Establishment in 1686.
Melchom
Melchom is a demon or spirit in the Dictionnaire Infernal. It is the god or idol of the Ammonites, otherwise called Milcom, Moloch, and Melech: which in Hebrew signifies a king, and Melchom signifies their unearthly king, referring to their unholy idol, Melchom.

The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary reads:

The Ammonite god is said to do what they do, namely, occupy the Israelite land of Gad. To Jehovah, the theocratic "King" of Israel, the land belonged of right; so that their Molech or Melchom was an usurper-king.

This statement applies that, while the ammonites lived in Gad, so did Melchom. However, after they were chased from there by the Israelites, Melchom  was cast down from his idolic throne. This is the moment when Melchom was embodied as a demon after King David "took his crown". In this new form he is a lesser demon, and is the paymaster of servants in hell. He is known as "he who carries the purse".

Tribe of Gad
According to the Bible, the Tribe of Gad (Hebrew: גָּד, Modern: Gad, Tiberian: Gāḏ, "soldier" or "luck") was one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel who, after the Exodus from Egypt, settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River. It is one of the ten lost tribes.
Mary's Mount
Mary's Mount is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The earliest portion of Mary's Mount was built in 1771 for Col. Richard Harwood as a 1+1⁄2-story gambrel roof structure. The Bird family was to take possession of this property from 1820 to 1965. Jacob Wheeler Bird enlarged the house to its present two-story height in the early 19th century. The enlargements included two northern additions, each section of which is lower than its neighbor to the south, creating a "telescope" effect.

Mary's Mount was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
Begbie
The origin of the family name Begbie, (orig. Baikbie, 1566. Baigbie, 1594), can be traced to the Kingdom of Scotland, with historical records and modern census data indicating that the name can be found most frequently in the Edinburgh and Haddingtonshire (East Lothian) areas. Two of the earliest recorded individuals bearing the name were Johnne Baikbe [sic], a tenant in Drumhillis, and Williame Baikbe [sic] in Drem, who were cited to appear before the Privy Council of Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1566.

Drem
Drem is a small village in East Lothian, Scotland.

It is approximately 20 miles (32 km) east of Edinburgh and is close to Haddington (to the south), North Berwick (northeast), Dirleton (north) and Gullane (north west). 
It has a railway station on the Edinburgh to North Berwick line with hourly service between those points and occasional service to Glasgow. The station is the last before the single track North Berwick line branches off the East Coast Main Line.

During World War II, the former West Fenton Aerodrome (later Gullane Aerodrome) became RAF Drem and the Drem Lighting System was developed to assist Spitfire landing. The disused airfield buildings were used to construct component parts of the Forth Road Bridge.

Today some of the outbuildings have become part of the Fenton Barns retail and leisure village and are used as studios by local craftspeople, particularly furniture makers.

Chesters Hill Fort, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village, is an example of an Iron Age fort.
Colin Pillinger
Colin Trevor Pillinger, CBE FRS FRAS FRGS (/ˈpɪlɪndʒər/; 9 May 1943 – 7 May 2014) was an English planetary scientist. He was a founding member of the Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute at The Open University in Milton Keynes; he was also the principal investigator for the British Beagle 2 Mars lander project, and worked on a group of Martian meteorites.

Gresham College
Gresham College is an institution of higher learning located at Barnard's Inn Hall off Holborn in Central London, England that does not accept students or award degrees. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, and hosts over 140 free public lectures every year. Since 2001, all lectures have been made available online. As of 2025, the Acting Provost is Professor Sarah Hart.
Gallagher Amendment
The Gallagher Amendment was an amendment to the Colorado Constitution enacted in 1982 and repealed in 2020 concerning property tax.  It set forth the guidelines in the Colorado Constitution for determining the actual value of property and the valuation for assessment of such property.  The Gallagher Amendment was a legislative referendum drafted by Dennis J. Gallagher, then a state legislator. It was repealed in 2020.

Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.
Pierre de Saurel
Pierre de Saurel (1626–1682) was a captain in France's Carignan-Salières Regiment and later a seigneur in New France. He was with the Carignan-Salières in 1665 when it was sent to New France to protect the colony from the Iroquois.  When the regiment returned to France in 1668, Saurel remained behind and was granted a seigneury at the mouth of the Richelieu River, now the site of the city of Sorel-Tracy in Quebec, Canada.

Seigneur
A seigneur (French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. Seigneurialism was repealed in Acadia in 1733, France in 1789 and the Province of Canada in 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
Vibhor Sogani
Vibhor Sogani (born 1967) is a prominent Indian artist and designer, known for his innovative public art installations and contributions to the field of design through several community art projects.

Born in Jaipur, he has been living and working in New Delhi for the past 25 years. His work, which spans various mediums, often reflects themes of growth, transformation and cultural heritage. One of Sogani's most significant public art installation is "Sprouts", located near the AIIMS flyover in New Delhi.

Ministry of Culture (India)
The Ministry of Culture is the Indian government ministry charged with preservation and promotion of art and culture of India.

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat is the current Minister of Culture. Recently the government has established the National Mission on Libraries India under this ministry.
Kasu (film)
Kasu (transl. Money) is a 2006 Indian Tamil language romantic drama film directed by Gowri Manohar. The film stars Rahman, Sangeetha and Rajashree, with S. S. Chandran, Charle, Rizabawa, Poornam Viswanathan, Mamukkoya, Sobaran and Bonda Mani playing supporting roles. The film, which began production in 1998, was released on 29 December 2006.

Poornam Viswanathan
Poornam Viswanathan (14 November 1921 – 1 October 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly appeared in Tamil films. He started performing on stage at age 18. He worked as a reader for All India Radio, He was the first person in India to announce India was Independent on August 15 in All India Radio. He went on to act in films such as Chithram, Varusham 16, Thillu Mullu, Keladi Kanmani, Moondram Pirai, Aasai, Mahanadhi and Varumaiyin Niram Sivappu. He had a son and two daughters. Viswanathan died on 1 October 2008.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids
The International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering developments in numerical methods applied to fluid dynamics. It is published by John Wiley & Sons. Its editors-in-chief is Alina Bruma. The journal was established in 1981.

Numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Hans Toch
Hans Herbert Toch (April 17, 1930 – June 18, 2021) was a social psychologist and criminologist. He was Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany, SUNY. He was a fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Society of Criminology, and served as president of the American Association for Forensic Psychology in 1996. He was the co-recipient of the 2001 August Vollmer Award from the American Society of Criminology, and received the 2005 "Prix DeGreff" Award from the International Society of Criminology.

Toch was born in Vienna, Austria.

University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany (also known as University at Albany, UAlbany, or SUNY Albany) is a public research university in Albany, New York, United States. Founded in 1844, it is one of four "university centers" of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. In 2024, the university enrolled 17,567 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer over 50 undergraduate majors and over 150 graduate degree programs. Portions of the campus extend into Guilderland, and the health sciences campus is located in neighboring Rensselaer, New York. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The research enterprise totaled expenditures of $115 million in fiscal year 2021 and was focused in four areas: social science, public law and policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences. UAlbany is home to the New York State Writers Institute.
Andrew Hunter Dunn
Andrew Hunter Dunn (16 October 1839 – 14 November 1914) was an eminent Anglican priest, the fifth Bishop of Quebec. Head of Bishop's University and Bishop's College School.

Dunn was born in Saffron Walden in 1839, son of Hannebal (Hannibal) Dunn and Mary Ann Hunter. His mother was the daughter of William Hunter, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1852. Educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, he graduated BA as 29th Wrangler in 1863. Ordained in 1864, his first post was a curacy at  St Mark's, Notting Hill. In 1870 he became curate, and in 1872 Vicar, of All Saints, South Acton. In 1892 he was appointed to the episcopate, as the fifth Bishop of Quebec. In 1893 he received an honorary DD from the University of Cambridge. He remained Bishop of Quebec until his sudden death on board ship, homeward bound.

He married his 1st cousin Alice Hunter, with whom he had five sons and two daughters. His son Edward was also a bishop, and his grand daughter Joan was the muse of John Betjeman.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Roman Popov (ice hockey)
Roman Popov (born May 3, 1980) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Popov played in the Russian Superleague and Kontinental Hockey League for HC CSK VVS Samara, HC Sibir Novosibirsk, HC MVD and Metallurg Novokuznetsk

Russian Superleague
The Russian Superleague (Russian: Чемпионат России Суперлига, Russian Championship Superleague), commonly abbreviated as RSL, was the highest division of the main professional ice hockey league in Russia. It was considered the second-best league in the world, after the National Hockey League (NHL) of North America. It was a part of the Russian Pro Hockey League which was composed of three divisions — the Superleague, Major League (Vysshaya Liga), and First League (Pervaya Liga).

The league was rebranded after the 2007–08 season as the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The KHL absorbed all 20 teams from the previous RSL season, for a total of 24 for its inaugural campaign.
4 Dollars of Revenge
4 Dollars of Revenge (Spanish: Cuatro dólares de venganza, Italian: 4 dollari di vendetta) is a 1966 Spanish-Italian action western film directed by Alfonso Balcázar and Jaime Jesús Balcázar, written by Bruno Corbucci, Aldo Grimaldi and Giovanni Grimaldi and starring Robert Woods, Dana Ghia, Antonio Casas, Angelo Infanti and Gérard Tichy.

Alfonso Balcázar
Alfonso Balcázar Granda (2 March 1926 – 28 December 1993) was a Spanish screenwriter, film director and producer. He wrote for 46 films between 1958 and 1983. He also directed 30 films between 1960 and 1984. He was born and died in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Beatrice Pelloni
Beatrice Pelloni is an Italian mathematician specialising in applied mathematical analysis and partial differential equations. She is a professor of mathematics at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, the editor-in-chief of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section A: Mathematics, and the chair of the SIAM Activity Group on Nonlinear Waves and Coherent Structures.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).