hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enable Software
Enable Software, Inc. was a privately held software development company located in Ballston Lake, New York. It was founded in 1984 by Ron Quake and Bob Hamilton.

The company's flagship product, called Enable, was an integrated office suite for IBM PC compatibles. The suite included a word processor, a 3D spreadsheet, a relational database, and integrated communications. In 1992, Enable Office added electronic mail and calendaring software. At that time, the company estimated that its products had more than one million users. Enable 4.5 was released in April 1992, with support for OS/2 2.0. In 1993, it introduced JetForm for Enable, "a mail-enabled forms designer for Microsoft Windows."

PowerLine, another Enable product, was a multi-protocol terminal client for Windows, similar to Hyperterminal, and was released in 1993.

Enable ceased operations in 1997. At that time, there were an estimated 190,000 active users of Enable products.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
Geophysical Tomography Group
The Geophysical Tomography Group was part of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (Jussieu Campus). During the years 1985-2000 it made developments in the domain of nonlinear fitting of seismic waveforms. The work of the group has been described as pioneering.

Jussieu Campus
The Jussieu Campus (Campus de Jussieu) or the Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Campus is a higher education campus located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the main campus of the Sorbonne Faculty of Science and Engineering. Paris Diderot University (now merged into Paris Cité University), was also originally located on the Jussieu campus, but moved to a new, independent campus, the Great Mills of Paris campus, in the new Paris Rive Gauche neighbourhood in 2006-2012.
Solid phase sequencing
The principle of solid phase DNA sequencing was described in 1989 based on binding of biotinylated DNA to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and elution of single DNA strands selectively using alkali. The method allowed robotic applications suitable for clinical sequencing, but the magnetic handling has also found frequent use in many molecular applications, including sample handling for DNA diagnostics. The use of solid phase methods for DNA handling is now frequently used as an integrated part of many of the next generation DNA sequencing methods, as well as numerous molecular diagnostics applications.

Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.
Pseudopagyda
Pseudopagyda is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae. It contains three species:

Pseudopagyda acutangulata

Pseudopagyda homoculorum

Pseudopagyda ingentalis

It is found in Thailand and Yunnan (China). Males drink tears of various mammals, including humans.

Lachryphagy
Lachryphagy is the practice of feeding on tears and other eye secretions. Certain bees, butterflies, and flies have been observed feeding on the tears of reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. Lachryphagous insects gather nutrients, especially sodium and proteins, from the tears. Lachryphagous feeding can be unbothersome or painful, with some feeding insects damaging the eye and introducing pathogens to the host. Lachryphagy has been studied as a form of parasitism, commensalism, and puddling.

It is best known as a behavior of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Flies, stingless bees, and other insects such as cockroaches and lice have also been recorded feeding on tears, and there is evidence that some stingless bee colonies in Southeast Asia have specialized tear collectors as a division of labor.
Mathesons Bay
Mathesons Bay (Māori: Te Kohuroa; officially Te Kohuroa / Mathesons Bay) is a small beach in the Rodney district of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is 21 kilometres north-east of Warkworth, near the small community of Leigh. It comprises mainly holiday homes, with a small number of permanent residents.

Rodney District
Rodney District was a local government area in the northernmost part of New Zealand's Auckland Region from 1989 to 2010. It included Kawau Island. It was created from the amalgamation of Helensville Borough and Rodney County in 1989. The seat of Rodney District Council was at Orewa. Rodney District and Rodney County each took their names from Cape Rodney (opposite Little Barrier Island), which Captain James Cook named on 24 November 1769 after Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney.

Auckland Council has governed the area since 1 November 2010. The Rodney ward of the Auckland Region now covers much of the land area, but not the Hibiscus Coast or the former council seat of Orewa, which are in the Albany ward.

The district was, in the final electoral term (2007–2010) of its existence, led by mayor Penny Webster and 12 councillors.
Telefon Rocks
Telefon Rocks (62°15′S 58°27′W﻿ / ﻿62.250°S 58.450°W﻿ / -62.250; -58.450) is a group of rocks 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-southwest of Demay Point, and just east of Telefon Point, at the west side of the entrance to Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Named after the Telefon, a vessel which went aground and was abandoned there in 1908.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Telefon Rocks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
Al-Shir
Al-Shir (Arabic: الشير) is a town in western Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located south of Latakia. Nearby localities include Baksa and Sqoubin to the north, Fideo to the east and Hanadi, al-Bassah and Bustan al-Basha to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Shir had a population of 2,129 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

On 7 March 2025, 24 civilians were executed by Syrian security forces while clashes in the Syrian coastal region were ongoing.

Latakia Governorate
Latakia Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة اللاذقية Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah), officially known as Lattakia Governorate, and also transliterated as Ladhakia, is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay Province to the north, Idlib and Hama Governorate to the east, Tartus Governorate to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its reported area varies in different sources from 2,297 km2 (887 sq mi) to 2,437 km2 (941 sq mi). The governorate has a population of 1,008,000 (2011 estimate).
1996 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1996 World Allround Speed Skating Championships were held on 14–16 February 1997 in the Ludwig-Schwabl-Stadion stadium in Inzell, Germany. This was the first World Championships where men and women competed at the same time and venue.

Title defenders were the 1995 world champions Gunda Niemann from Germany and Rintje Ritsma from the Netherlands. Both prolongated their titles.

Inzell
Inzell (German pronunciation: [ˈɪntsɛl]) is a municipality in the district of Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany. It is known for the Eisstadion Inzell, a former outdoor artificial ice rink that has been used for many international speed skating championships. It is now an indoor oval.
John Kane (footballer, born 1987)
John Kane (born 8 June 1987) is a footballer who plays as a defender for Pollok.

Kane came through the youth system at Hibernian. He made his Scottish Premier League debut at the age of 16 against Livingston in April 2004, coming on as a late substitute for Kevin Thomson. Although a Scotland Under–18 international, this was to be his only first-team appearance for Hibs, and he joined Motherwell in the January 2005 transfer window.

After a spell at Partick Thistle, he briefly dropped to Junior level with Glenafton Athletic before signing for Stranraer in June 2007, under the management of former Motherwell team-mate Gerry Britton. A successful spell at the club saw him named player of the year two seasons running before leaving for the US and a year at Creighton University in Nebraska. Kane returned to Scotland with Stirling Albion in 2010 before rejoining Stranraer for a second spell.

Kane signed for Clyde in June 2012. He then joined Junior side Pollok.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Saga of Harald Fairhair
The Saga of Harald Fairhair (Haralds saga hárfagra) is the third of the sagas in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, after Ynglinga saga and the saga of Halfdan the Black. Snorri sagas were written in Iceland in the 1220s. This saga is about the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair.

Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson (Old Norse: [ˈsnorːe ˈsturloˌson]; Icelandic: [ˈstnɔrːɪ ˈstʏ(r)tlʏˌsɔːn]; 1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, knight, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known about Norse mythology and alliterative verse, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's Saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
Herford–Himmighausen railway
The Herford–Himmighausen railway is a 48 km-long line from Herford via Detmold to Himmighausen (leading to Altenbeken) and is a single-track and electrified main line. It is located in Ostwestfalen-Lippe in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and is part of Deutsche Bahn’s Münster-Ostwestfalen regional network (MOW), which has its headquarters in Münster. In Herford this route is known as the Lippische Bahn (Lippe Railway). The line from Herford to Detmold was built by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company.

Cologne–Minden Railway Company
The Cologne-Minden Railway Company (German, old spelling: Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) was along with the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and the Rhenish Railway Company one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.
Marianne Herbert
Marianne Theresa Herbert (born 2 December 1981) is an Irish former cricketer who played as a right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 15 One Day Internationals and 5 Twenty20 Internationals for Ireland between 2002 and 2009, including being part of Ireland's squad for the 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup. She also played in the 2015 Women's Super 3s for Scorchers.

2005 Women's Cricket World Cup
The 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup was the eighth Women's Cricket World Cup, held in South Africa from 22 March to 10 April 2005. It was the first edition of the tournament to be hosted by South Africa.

The World Cup was the final tournament organised by the International Women's Cricket Council before it was merged with the International Cricket Council. Australia won the tournament, their fifth title, comfortably beating India in the final, by 98 runs. England and New Zealand (the defending champion) were the losing semi-finalists, while the other four teams that competed were Ireland, South Africa, Sri Lanka and West Indies. Karen Rolton was named the Player of the Tournament after scoring 107* in the final of the tournament. Charlotte Edwards was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, Neetu David the leading wicket-taker and Karen Rolton the player of the series.
AL-6XN
AL-6XN (UNS designation N08367) is a type of weldable stainless steel that consist of an alloy of nickel (24%), chromium (22%) and molybdenum (6.3%) with other trace elements such as nitrogen.

The high nickel and molybdenum contents of the AL-6XN alloy give it good resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. The molybdenum confers resistance to chloride pitting. The nitrogen content serves to further increase pitting resistance and also gives it higher strength than typical 300 series austenitic stainless steels, and thereby often allows it to be used in thinner sections.

This metal is commonly used instead of 300 series stainless steels in high temperature and low pH applications in food processing. For example, tomato juice will corrode 316L stainless steel at pasteurization temperatures of 100 °C (210 °F). AL-6XN will better resist this corrosion while still offering the beneficial properties of stainless steel.

Austenite
Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. In plain-carbon steel, austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K (727 °C); other alloys of steel have different eutectoid temperatures. The austenite allotrope is named after Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen (1843–1902). It exists at room temperature in some stainless steels due to the presence of nickel stabilizing the austenite at lower temperatures.
Olivella acteocina
Olivella acteocina is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olivellinae
Olivellinae, are a subfamily of small predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells, in the family Olividae. The shells sometimes show muted but attractive colors, and may have some patterning.

These animals are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Olivoidea, within the order Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.
Stretched C
ʗ is a letter of the Latin alphabet used to represent an alveolar click consonant. This sound has been labeled as alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex and palatal in different eras.

ʗ was part of the International Phonetic Alphabet (where its designation was "postalveolar") until 1989, when it was replaced by [ǃ].

Palatal consonant
Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Palatal sounds are occasionally called domal or cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though usually those terms are restricted to retroflex consonants (apico-domal or apico-palatal), with 'palatal' restricted to laminal consonants (lamino-domal or lamino-palatal).

The term 'palatal' is commonly used more loosely for laminal or palatalized post-alveolar sounds, if there are no true palatals that contrast with them. This is especially the case with the IPA letters ⟨ɲ⟩ and ⟨ʎ⟩, which would often be more accurately transcribed as ⟨n̠ʲ⟩ and ⟨l̠ʲ⟩.
Hardwicke Parish, New Brunswick
Hardwicke is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is part of the Greater Miramichi and Kent rural districts, which are members of the Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission and Kent RSC respectively.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the local service districts of Baie Ste. Anne, Black River-Hardwicke, Escuminac, and the parish of Hardwicke. The reforms put Black River-Hardwicke and the Miramichi Bay islands of the parish LSD in the Greater Miramichi rural district, with the remainder going to Kent.

2023 New Brunswick local governance reform
Local governance reform in the Canadian province of New Brunswick was implemented on January 1, 2023. This resulted in a significant reorganization of the local government entities in the province, including a reduction in the number of entities from 340 to 89, consisting of 77 local governments and 12 rural districts nested within 12 regional service commissions. The local governance reform review was commenced by the Government of New Brunswick in January 2021 and was promoted as the most consequential restructuring of the local governance system since Premier Robichaud's Equal Opportunity Program.
2017 UCI World Championships
There are several 2017 UCI World Championships. The International Cycling Union (UCI) holds World Championships every year. For 2017, this includes:

2017 UCI Road World Championships

2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

2017 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships

2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships

2017 UCI BMX World Championships

2017 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships

2017 UCI BMX World Championships
The 2017 UCI BMX World Championships was the 22nd edition of the UCI BMX World Championships, and took place at the Novant Health BMX Supercross Track in Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States from July 25 to 29, 2017.

In contrast to the 2016 edition, only four medal events were held.
Alfred L. Thwing
Alfred L. Thwing (April 1, 1876 – August 24, 1945) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the Minnesota Senate from 1923 to 1930.

Thwing was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. He moved to Minnesota in 1887 and lived in Minneapolis, Minnesota and in Duluth, Minnesota. Thwing went to the Duluth public schools. He received his law degree from University of Minnesota Law School in 1899 and was admitted to the Minnesota bar. In 1901, he moved to Grand Rapids, Itasca County, Minnesota. Thwing lived in Grand Rapids, Minnesota with his wife and family and practiced law in Grand Rapids. He was the Itasca County Attorney in 1906, and as probate clerk in Duluth, Minnesota from 1899 to 1901. He served in the Minnesota Senate from 1923 to 1930 representing district 52. Thwing then served as judge of the Minnesota District Court from 1930 until his death in 1945.

Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Grand Rapids is a city in, and the county seat of, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 11,126 at the 2020 census. The city is named for the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) long rapids in the Mississippi River which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century. Today the rapids are hidden below the dam of UPM Paper Company.
William A. Stein
William Arthur Stein (born February 21, 1974, in Santa Barbara, California) is a software developer and previously a professor of mathematics at the University of Washington.

Stein received his PhD in 2000, from the University of California, Berkeley, for his dissertation ‘Explicit Approaches to Modular Abelian Varieties’, supervised by Hendrik W. Lenstra.

He is the lead developer of SageMath and founder of CoCalc. Stein does computational and theoretical research into the problem of computing with modular forms and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. He is considered "a leading expert in the field of computational arithmetic".

Stein was the 2013 recipient of the Richard Dimick Jenks Memorial Prize Award, presented by SIGSAM, a special interest group of the Association for Computing Machinery.

Computation
A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined. Common examples of computation are mathematical equation solving and the execution of computer algorithms.

Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as computers. Computer science is an academic field that involves the study of computation.
David Keenan (Gaelic footballer)
David Keenan is a Gaelic footballer from County Roscommon who played club football with St Barry's and at inter-county level with the Roscommon senior football team.

Keenan was a member of the Roscommon minor team that beat Kerry in the 2006 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship final. In 2010, he was part of the DCU team that won the 2010 O'Byrne Cup beating Louth in the final and the Sigerson Cup beating UCC. In 2010, he was a member of the senior Roscommon team that won the Connacht Senior Football Championship.

Sigerson Cup
The Sigerson Cup /ˈsɪɡərsən/ is the trophy for the premier Gaelic football championship among Higher Education institutions (Universities, Colleges and Institutes of Technology) in Ireland. It traditionally begins in mid January and ends in late February. The Sigerson Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council.

The Trench Cup is the second tier football competition, Corn na Mac Léinn the third tier and Corn Comhairle Ardoideachais the fourth tier. The Fitzgibbon Cup is the hurling equivalent of the Sigerson Cup.
Amiel
Amiel is both a surname and a given name. It is related to the Hebrew name Ammiel. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Barbara Amiel (born 1940), writer and wife of Conrad Black

Gausbert Amiel (fl. 13th century), troubadour

Henri-Frédéric Amiel (1821–1881), Swiss philosopher, poet and critic

Jack Amiel (fl. 20th–21st century), American screenwriter

Jon Amiel (born 1948), British director

Stephanie Amiel (born 1954), British physician and academic

Thierry Amiel (born 1982), French singer

Given name:

Amiel Daemion (born 1979), American-Australian pop singer

Stephanie Amiel
Dame Stephanie Anne Amiel, Lady Alberti (born 17 October 1954) is a British physician and academic, specialising in type 1 diabetes. From 1995 to 2018, she was the R. D. Lawrence Professor of Diabetic Medicine at King's College London. She has also been a honorary consultant at King's College Hospital since 1995.