hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Buoniconti
Stephen J. Buoniconti (born September 4, 1969, in Holyoke, Massachusetts) is an American politician who represented the Hampden Districfrom the Massachusetts Senate from the year 2005 to 2011 and the 6th Hampden District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2001 to 2005.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Virginie Boutaud
Virginie Adèle Lydie Boutaud-Manent (née Boutaud; born February 27, 1963), also known mononymously as Virginie, is a French Brazilian singer, songwriter, classical guitarist, and former model and actress, famous for being the vocalist of the new wave bands Metrô and Virginie & Fruto Proibido.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
María José Alonso
María José Alonso Fernandez (born 22 December 1958) is a full professor of biopharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology at the University of Santiago de Compostela. The laboratory she leads is specialized in pharmaceutical nanotechnology and nanomedicine, and her research is oriented to the development of nanostructures for targeted delivery of drugs and vaccines. Her discoveries have led to significant clinical advances in the development of potential new treatments for cancer, ocular diseases, skin diseases, diabetes, obesity and other autoimmune pathologies, as well as new vaccines.

Eye disease
This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders.

The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.
Dines Carlsen
Dines Carlsen (March 28, 1901 – October 1, 1966) was an American Expressionist painter. He was a student at, and later a member of, the National Academy of Design. He also exhibited frequently at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.  He was known particularly for his still life paintings, and in his memory his wife established the Emil and Dines Carlsen Award to recognize the academy's best still life painter annually.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
2018 Meghalaya mining accident
The Meghalaya mining accident happened on 13 December 2018, when 15 miners were trapped in a mine in Ksan, in the Indian state of Meghalaya. While five miners managed to escape, rescue efforts for the remaining 10 continued till 2 March 2019. After manually digging using a banned process known as rat-hole mining, the miners were trapped inside the coal mine at a depth of around 370 feet (110 meters) in Jaintia Hills district. The tunnel the miners were in flooded with water after they cut into an adjacent mine which was full of water from the nearby Lytein river.

Service personnel from the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and the State Disaster Response Force began operations shortly after the miners were trapped. After a request for assistance from the district administration, teams from Coal India, Kirloskar Brothers, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy joined the operation to rescue the miners.

Jaintia Hills district
Jaintia Hills District was a district in Meghalaya, India that was established in 1972 with headquarters at Jowai which was taken from the United Khasi Jaintia Hills District Council. It was once part of the ancient Jaintia Kingdom. The present inhabitants of the District are the Pnar, the War, the Bhoi (Karbis), Tiwa (Lalung) and the Biates
In 2012 the district has been bifurcated into two districts:-

East Jaintia Hills district headquartered at Khliehriat

West Jaintia Hills district headquartered at Jowai
Jeziorki Południowe
Jeziorki Południowe (Polish: [jɛˈʑɔr.ki pɔ.wudˈɲɔ.vɛ]; lit. 'South Jeziorki') is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, within the Ursynów district, and the administrative neighbourhoods of Etap and Jeziorki. It is a residential area with low-rise single-family housing.

The village of Jeziorki was founded in the 15th century, via separation from the village of Gramnica, which no longer exists. In 1951, it was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.

Kraków Główny railway station
Kraków Główny, in English Kraków Main, is the largest and the most centrally located railway station in Kraków, Poland.

The railway station was situated in a historical building, constructed between 1844 and 1847 by Rosenbaum, which lies parallel to the tracks. The design was chosen to allow for future line expansion. The station was initially a terminus of the Kraków – Upper Silesia Railway (Kolej Krakowsko-Górnośląska, German: Oberschlesische-Krakauer Eisenbahn). Trains entered the trainshed via a brick archway at the northern end of the station which was almost doubled in size in 1871. In 2014, a new building was opened.

In 2023, it served 23.4 million passengers, making it the country's third busiest railway station behind Wrocław Główny and Poznań Główny stations.
Thyristor-switched capacitor
A thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC) is a type of equipment used for compensating reactive power in electrical power systems.  It consists of a power capacitor connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve and, usually, a current limiting reactor (inductor). The thyristor switched capacitor is an important component of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC), where it is often used in conjunction with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). Static VAR compensators are a member of the Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) family.

Current limiting reactor
In electrical engineering, current limiting reactors can reduce short-circuit currents, which result from plant expansions and power source additions, to levels that can be adequately handled by existing distribution equipment.
They can also be used in high voltage electric power transmission grids for a similar purpose. In the control of electric motors, current limiting reactors can be used to restrict starting current or as part of a speed control system.
Jack Hubbard (rugby union)
John Cairns Hubbard (27 June 1902 – 29 August 1997) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Woolwich, London, Hubbard was the son of England three-quarter George Hubbard. He worked as a stock broker and spent most of his life in the Surrey town of Esher, where he moved in 1934.

Hubbard gained his solitary England cap deputising injured fullback John Askew for a Calcutta Cup match against Scotland at Twickenham in 1930. The match finished in a 0–0 draw and Hubbard's assured performance at fullback was credited with playing a large part in keeping the Scots score-less. He won his England call up via Harlequins and also played club rugby with Blackheath, while for county fixtures he represented Kent.

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).
Carhess Creek
Carhess Creek is a river in Greater Sudbury and Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a right tributary of the Onaping River. The name is a portmanteau of the names of two geographic townships through which it flows, Hess Township and Cartier Township.

The creek begins at Ferguson Lake in geographic Hess Township, Sudbury District, and flows south through Green Lake into geographic Cartier Township. It turns east, takes in the left tributary Depot Creek, passes into the northwest corner of geographic Levack Township, Greater Sudbury, flows over a series of rapids, heads around both sides of a small hill, and reaches its mouth at the Onaping River, upstream of the community of Levack. The Onaping River flows via the Vermilion River and the Spanish River to Lake Huron.

Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District. In 1973, the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was created as a separate jurisdiction out of the district.

The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.
Forehoe and Henstead Rural District
Forehoe and Henstead Rural Districts were adjacent rural districts in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1935.

They were formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on rural sanitary districts of the same names, and lay generally south of Norwich.

In 1935 the Wymondham parish of Forehoe RD was created a new Wymondham Urban District. The remainder, together with the whole of Henstead RD apart from an island in the River Yare, were merged to form Forehoe and Henstead Rural District. Subsequently, changes to the border with Norwich County Borough were made in 1968.

In 1974, the merged district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and became part of the South Norfolk district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
G/M/1 queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the G/M/1 queue represents the queue length in a system where interarrival times have a general (meaning arbitrary) distribution and service times for each job have an exponential distribution. The system is described in Kendall's notation where the G denotes a general distribution, M the exponential distribution for service times and the 1 that the model has a single server.

The arrivals of a G/M/1 queue are given by a renewal process. It is an extension of an M/M/1 queue, where this renewal process must specifically be a Poisson process (so that interarrival times have exponential distribution).

Models of this type can be solved by considering one of two M/G/1 queue dual systems, one proposed by Ramaswami and one by Bright.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Bentley Schaad
Bentley Schaad (1925–1999), was a California modernist and art educator.

Bentley Schaad was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1925. As an art student, he attended Jepson Art Institute, the Art Center in Pasadena and the Claremont Colleges. A pupil, and later a colleague, of Henry Lee McFee, Schaad learned the principles of line, color and form. His proficiency as an artist and his technical aesthetic innovations enabled him to begin teaching art at Otis Art Institute. Schaad spent the majority of his career as an instructor.

Schaad was a prolific artist in the West Coast modernist movement along with Henry Lee McFee, Rico Lebrun and Richard Haines. Schaad utilized many concepts of the modernist aesthetic in his work. His paintings were often composed of many broken planes of color — with a concentration on shape, form and structure of an object.

Jepson Art Institute
Jepson Art Institute, founded in 1945 by artist Herbert Jepson, was an art school located at  2861 West 7th Street in the Westlake district of central Los Angeles, California.

It flourished  from 1947 to 1953 — becoming an important center for experimental figure drawing, art theory (aesthetics) and printmaking. Prior to this, Jepson served as an instructor at L.A.'s esteemed Chouinard Art Institute for a dozen years. The Jepson Art Institute closed in 1954.
Quiraing
The Quiraing (Scottish Gaelic: Cuith-Raing) is a landform on the eastern face of Meall na Suiramach, the northernmost summit of the Trotternish escarpment on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. It takes the form of a craterous hollow surrounded by a high rampart of rock. Within the hollow is a raised plateau the size of a football field, known as the Table. Other distinctive features of the landscape are the Needle, a jagged pinnacle rising to 120 feet (37 m), and the Prison, a mass of rock resembling a medieval keep.

Like the rest of the Trotternish escarpment, the Quiraing was formed when a thick layer of flood basalt spread over the peninsula and destabilized the weak sedimentary rocks below, causing a succession of landslides. It has been renowned for its fantastical appearance since the Victorian period. The poet Alexander Smith dubbed it "a nightmare of nature".

View of the Quiraing (left) and the Prison (right)

The Prison

The entrance to the Quiraing

The Needle

The Table

Flood basalt
A flood basalt (or plateau basalt) is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the Earth via a mantle plume. Flood basalt provinces such as the Deccan Traps of India are often called traps, after the Swedish word trappa (meaning "staircase"), due to the characteristic stairstep geomorphology of many associated landscapes.

Michael R. Rampino and Richard Stothers (1988) cited eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurring in the past 250 million years, creating large igneous provinces, lava plateaus, and mountain ranges. However, more have been recognized such as the large Ontong Java Plateau, and the Chilcotin Group, though the latter may be linked to the Columbia River Basalt Group.

Large igneous provinces have been connected to five mass extinction events, and may be associated with bolide impacts.
2018 Elite 10 (March)
The 2018 Princess Auto Elite 10 was held from March 15 to 18 at St. James Civic Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It was the fifth Grand Slam of Curling event held in the 2017–18 curling season. The tournament was held between ten men's teams.

St. James Civic Centre
The St. James Civic Centre is a multipurpose recreation complex located in the St. James district of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The complex features an indoor ice hockey arena, swimming pool, and auditorium. Built in 1967, the St. James Civic Centre is owned and operated by the City of Winnipeg.

The St. James Civic Centre arena has been one of the more prominent hockey venues in Winnipeg since its opening. With a seating capacity of 1,500, it is one of the larger arenas in the city.

The facility is currently home to the St. James Canucks of the Manitoba Major Junior Hockey League and local minor hockey teams.

The arena is also used for sledge hockey and ringette during the winter, as well as non-sporting activities during the summer. The pool and leisure centre includes a 25-yard*** swimming pool and weight room. In addition, there is a 350-seat auditorium and two meeting rooms. The facilities are available to the public year-round.
Altenahr
Altenahr (German: [ˈaltn̩.ʔaːɐ̯]) is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative centre for the eponymous collective municipality, to which it belongs. Altenahr is a state-recognised tourist resort and is ranked as a Grundzentrum for state planning purposes.

Altenahr (Verbandsgemeinde)
Altenahr (German: [ˈaltn̩.ʔaːɐ̯]) is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the municipality is in Altenahr.

The Verbandsgemeinde Altenahr consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

* seat of the Verbandsgemeinde
Hospital Clínico Universitario
The Hospital Universitario de Caracas or University Hospital of Caracas (also named Hospital Clínico Universitario or just El Clínico) is a publicly owned hospital located in the spaces of the Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, part of the Central University of Venezuela, located in the Chaguaramos parish of Libertador Municipality in the District Capital of Venezuela and west of Caracas Metropolitan District and the city of Caracas, the north central Venezuela.

The idea of creating this institution arose in the year 1943  on the initiative of General Eleazar López Contreras  who in the same year ordered start work with the design of the architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva. It was completed in 1954  and opened in the year 1956 under the dictatorship of General Marcos Perez Jimenez .

As part of the Central University of Venezuela its structure is World Heritage Site since 2000.  It is accessible through the line 3 station of the Caracas Metro Ciudad Universitaria.

Eleazar López Contreras
José Eleazar López Contreras (5 May 1883 – 2 January 1973) was the president of Venezuela between 1935 and 1941. He was an army general and one of Juan Vicente Gómez's collaborators, serving as his War Minister from 1931.

In 1939, Contreras accepted on behalf of Venezuela the ships Koenigstein and Caribia which had fled with Jews from Germany.
Information and Communication Technology Authority
The Information and Communication Technology Authority is a Kenyan Government Owned Corporation tasked with rationalising and streamlining the management of all the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) functions of the Government of Kenya. The ICTA has a broad mandate that entails enforcing ICT standards in government and enhancing the supervision of its electronic communication. The authority also promotes ICT literacy, capacity, innovation and enterprise in line with the Kenya National ICT Masterplan 2017.

The ICTA is a consolidation of three previously separate government agencies; the Information and Communication Technology Board of Kenya (ICT Board), the e-Government Directorate and the Government Information and Technology Services (GITS).

Government of Kenya
The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the Republic of Kenya located in East Africa. It is composed of 47 counties, each county with its own semi-autonomous governments, including the national capital of Nairobi, where the national government is primarily based.

The national government is composed of three distinct branches: The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive and the Judiciary. Each arm is independent of the other and their individual roles are set by the Constitution of Kenya while their powers and duties are further defined by acts of Parliament.
Ceiriog Rural District
Ceiriog was a rural district in the administrative county of Denbighshire from 1935 to 1974.

The rural district was formed by a County Review Order in 1935 from the merger of Chirk and Llansillin Rural districts. The district was named after the Ceiriog Valley.

The district contained nine civil parishes:

Chirk

Glyntraian

Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog

Llanarmon Mynydd Mawr

Llangadwaladr

Llangedwyn

Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant

Llansantffraid Glynceiriog

Llansilin

The rural district was abolished in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, with its area becoming part of the district of Glyndŵr, one of six districts of Clwyd.

Glyntraian
Glyntraian (Welsh: Glyntraean) is a community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.

The parish of Glyntraian, lying at the mouth of the Ceiriog Valley, was formed when the ancient parish of Llangollen was divided into three traeanau ("traean/traian" being the Welsh for "third"): Llangollen Traean, Trefor Traean, and Glyn Traean - which became known as Glyntraian.

It contained the historic townships of Cilcochwyn, Crogeniddon, Crogenwladus, Erwallo, Hafodgynfor, Nantygwryd, Pennant and Talygarth.

Today, Glyntraian contains the villages of Dolywern, Llechrydau, Llwynmawr and Pontfadog;  it is governed by Glyntraian Community Council (Welsh: Cyngor Cymuned Glyntraean), which replaced Glyntraian Parish Council under the Local Government Act 1972. At the 2001 Census, the community area had a total population of 878, falling to 822 at the 2011 Census.