hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Lenski
Richard E. Lenski (born 1956) is an American evolutionary biologist who is the John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Microbial Ecology at Michigan State University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a MacArthur Fellow.  Lenski is best known for his still ongoing 37-year-old long-term E. coli evolution experiment, which has been instrumental in understanding the core processes of evolution, including mutation rates, clonal interference, antibiotic resistance, the evolution of novel traits, and speciation.  He is also well known for his pioneering work in studying evolution digitally using self-replicating organisms called Avida.

Clonal interference
Clonal interference is a phenomenon in evolutionary biology, related to the population genetics of organisms with significant linkage disequilibrium, especially asexually reproducing organisms. The idea of clonal interference was introduced by American geneticist Hermann Joseph Muller in 1932. It explains why beneficial mutations can take a long time to get fixated or even disappear in asexually reproducing populations. As the name suggests, clonal interference occurs in an asexual lineage ("clone") with a beneficial mutation. This mutation would be likely to get fixed if it occurred alone, but it may fail to be fixed, or even be lost, if another beneficial-mutation lineage arises in the same population; the multiple clones interfere with each other.
Jimmy Hodson
James Hodson (5 September 1880 – 27 February 1938) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Oldham Athletic, Bury and Brentford. He later managed Guildford United and Belgian club Royal Berchem Sport.

Lancashire Senior Cup
The Lancashire County Football Association Cup (commonly known as the Lancashire Senior Cup) is an association football knockout tournament involving teams from Lancashire, England. It is a County Cup competition of the Lancashire County Football Association and involves Premier League clubs and Football League clubs. However, these days clubs generally field their reserve teams.

Historic Lancashire currently has 5 Premier League teams, 12 Football League sides and 4 National League teams; not every club enters in concurrent years. The tournament starts at the round of 16, with higher division clubs often have to miss rounds to allow lower division clubs to have a chance to play in the competition.
James Burbage
James Burbage (c. 1531 – 2 February 1597) was an English actor, theatre impresario, joiner, and theatre builder in the English Renaissance theatre. He built The Theatre, the first permanent dedicated theatre built in England since Roman times.

Impresario
An impresario (from Italian impresa 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.
L2 Puppis
L2 Puppis (also known as HD 56096) is a giant star in the constellation of Puppis and is located between the bright stars Canopus and Sirius. It is a semi-regular pulsating star, and is intermittently visible to the naked eye.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Museum of Deaf History, Arts and Culture
The Museum of Deaf History, Arts and Culture is a museum dedicated to the unique culture of Deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States. The museum opened in 2001 in Olathe, Kansas, across the street from the Kansas School for the Deaf.

Olathe, Kansas
Olathe (/oʊˈleɪθə/ oh-LAY-thə) is a city in and the county seat of Johnson County, Kansas, United States.  It is the fourth-most populous city in both the Kansas City metropolitan area and the state of Kansas, with a 2020 population of 141,290.
Solar eclipse of March 4, 1802
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, March 4, 1802, with a magnitude of 1.0428. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1 day after perigee (on March 3, 1802, at 4:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Antarctica, Australia, and Vanuatu. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Antarctica, Australia, Indonesia, and Oceania.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
2007 Pilot Pen Tennis – Women's singles
The defending champion was Justine Henin-Hardenne, but she chose not to compete.

Svetlana Kuznetsova won the title, defeating Ágnes Szávay in the final. She was leading 6–4, 3–0, until Szávay retired.

Ágnes Szávay
Ágnes Szávay (Hungarian: Szávay Ágnes, pronounced [ˈsaːvɒi ˈaːɡnɛʃ]; born 29 December 1988) is a former professional tennis player from Hungary. The 2007 WTA Newcomer of the Year achieved her career-high ranking of world No. 13 in April 2008.
Algoasaurus
Algoasaurus (/ælˌɡoʊ.əˈsɔːrəs/; "Algoa Bay reptile") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian to early Valanginian ages) Upper Kirkwood Formation of Cape Province, South Africa, specifically near a town called Despatch. Only one species, A. bauri, is known.

Algoa Bay
Algoa Bay is a maritime bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located on the east coast, 683 kilometres (424 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Algoa Bay is bounded in the west by Cape Recife and in the east by Cape Padrone. The bay is up to 436 m (1,430 ft) deep. The harbour city of Port Elizabeth is situated adjacent to the bay, as is the Port of Ngqura deep-water port facility.
Voyage in the Night
Voyage in the Night (Swedish: Resa i natten) is a 1955 Swedish drama film directed by Hampe Faustman and starring George Fant, Eva Dahlbeck and Ulla Sallert. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson.

Hampe Faustman
Erik "Hampe" Faustman (born Erik Stellan Chatham; 3 July 1919 – 26 August 1961) was a Swedish actor and film director. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1940 and 1961. He also directed 20 films between 1943 and 1955. He was married to actress Gunn Wållgren 1941–1949.

Faustman's parents were Gösta Chatham and Mollie Faustman, who was an artist, journalist, and author.
Minaki station
Minaki railway station is located in the community of Minaki in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The station is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, and is in use by Via Rail as a stop for transcontinental Canadian trains.

The station was designated under the Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act in 2011. The designation notes it was built in 1910 by the National Transcontinental Railway.

Transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks may be via the tracks of a single railroad, or via several railroads owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express.
Transcontinental railroads helped open up interior regions of continents not previously colonized to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In many cases, they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. Many of them continue to have an important role in freight transportation, and some such as the Trans-Siberian Railway even have passenger trains going from one end to the other.
St. James Church, Puthenkadai
St. James Church Puthenkadai is the head church for Keshavapuram and Thetticode, located in the village of Puthenkadai in Kalkulam taluk, Kanyakumari district, India.

It is located in Puthenkatai near the village of Aruvikkarai on the state highway between Marthantam and Pechipparai.

Kalkulam
Kalkulam is a small village located in Kalkulam taluk, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The taluk was among several in Thiruvananthapuram district that, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, were transferred from Thiruvananthapuram district, Travancore-Cochin State, to the newly created Kanyakumari district of Madras State (the latter later renamed as Tamil Nadu State).
Red Lions FC (Liberia)
Red Lions Football Club, formerly Fatu Football Club until 2013, is a football club based in Paynesville, Monrovia Liberia. The team was established in August, 2004 in the City of Paynesville as a Fourth Division team. The team spent two seasons in the Fourth and Third Division before entering the Second Division. The team finished as runner up in the second division and entered the First Division in 2008–09 football season.

Fatu FC were acquired by Ghana's Red Lions FC on November 5, 2013.

Paynesville, Liberia
Paynesville (sometimes Paynesward) is a city in Montserrado County, Liberia, and part of the Greater Monrovia area. It lies directly east of Monrovia, along the main route to Roberts International Airport. Paynesville is a major commercial hub, home to the large Red Light Market, and hosts significant national landmarks such as the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex.
2006 Men's Hockey Hamburg Masters
The 2006 Men's Hockey Hamburg Masters was the twelfth edition of the Hamburg Masters, consisting of a series of test matches. It was held in Hamburg, Germany, from 25 to 27 August 2006, and featured four of the top nations in men's field hockey.

Germany men's national field hockey team
The Germany men's national field hockey team is one of the most successful sides in the world, winning gold at the Summer Olympics four times (including once as West Germany), the Hockey World Cup 3 times, the EuroHockey Nations Championship nine times (including twice as West Germany) and the Hockey Champions Trophy ten times (including three times as West Germany).
Isleta station
34°54′25″N 106°41′53″W﻿ / ﻿34.907°N 106.698°W﻿ / 34.907; -106.698

Isleta Station was a railway station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in Isleta, New Mexico. Located 12 miles (19 km) south of Albuquerque, Isleta was a junction station, located at the point where two lines split. One line went to El Paso, Texas, while the other was the main line to Los Angeles. The Southwest Chief passenger train now passes by on the Los Angeles line.

Junction station
Junction station usually refers to a railway station situated either on or close to a rail junction, where lines to two or more destinations diverge.

Many junction stations have multiple platform faces to enable trains for multiple destinations to stand at the station at the same time, but this is not necessary.

There are many stations with the word "junction" in their title, such as:
Sir Samuel Hannay, 3rd Baronet
Sir Samuel Hannay, 3rd Baronet (c. 1732 – 11 December 1790) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Camelford between 5 July 1784 and 11 December 1790. He was bound apprentice to Alexander Johnson, citizen and salter 22 December 1746 and made free 21 February 1754, so the commonly given birth date of c. 1742 cannot be correct. He is buried in St Marylebone Parish Church, London.

St Marylebone Parish Church
St Marylebone Parish Church is an Anglican church on the Marylebone Road in London. It was built to the designs of Thomas Hardwick in 1813–17. The present site is the third used by the parish for its church. The first was further south, near Oxford Street. The church there was demolished in 1400 and a new one erected further north. This was completely rebuilt in 1740–42, and converted into a chapel-of-ease when Hardwick's church was constructed. The Marylebone area takes its name from the church. Located behind the church is St Marylebone School, a Church of England school for girls.
Naif Al-Qadi
Naif Ali Al-Qadi (Arabic: نايف علي القاضي) (born 3 April 1979) is a Saudi Arabian former football (soccer) player who last played as a defender for Al-Shabab.

He played for the Saudi Arabia national team occasionally and was called up to the squad to participate in the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Al Shabab Club
Al-Shabab Saudi Football Club also known as Al-Shabab (Arabic: نادي الشباب لكرة القدم, romanized: nādī al-shabaab li-kurat al-qadam, lit. 'The Youth Football Club') is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Riyadh that competes in the Saudi Pro League. Founded in 1947 as Shabab Al-Riyadh (شباب الرياض; lit. 'Riyadh Youth'), it was renamed Al-Shabab in 1967.

The club earned its name, "Shabab," meaning "youth" in Arabic, due to its emphasis on developing young players at its inception. Unlike its rivals, which primarily featured senior players, the club focused on nurturing youth talent. This distinction persisted for many years, becoming a defining characteristic of the club. As a result, the club became renowned for its commitment to youth development.
Quebradillas barrio-pueblo
Quebradillas barrio-pueblo  is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Quebradillas, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,103.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.

Seat of government
A seat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally the capital of the state or administrative entity in question, although there are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certain territorial subdivisions are administrative centre, county seat (common in the United States), county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), or barrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government include official residences, supreme court buildings, city or town halls, administrative or executive buildings, shire or county halls, legislative buildings, and barangay halls.
Oliver Twist (D'banj song)
"Oliver Twist" is a song by Nigerian singer-songwriter D'banj. The track was first released on 12 August 2011 in Nigeria by Mo' Hits Records and then released in the United Kingdom by Mercury Records on 11 May 2012, as the first single from the DB Records compilation album, D'Kings Men (2013) and D'banj's fourth studio album King Don Come (2017). For the chart week dated 26 May, "Oliver Twist" debuted at number nine on the UK Singles Chart—marking the musician's first chart appearance and first Nigerian song to ever debut on the chart. Lyrically, the song expresses D'banj's crave for more women, relating to how the fictional character Oliver Twist asked for more gruel.

CEO Dancers
The CEO Dancers are a London-based trio of female dancers and choreographers who rose to recognition following their performance at Britain's Got Talent 2013 which achieved acclaim for their "booty-shaking" dance. The performance saw them reach the semi-final of the competition.
Singulative number
In linguistics, singulative number  and collective number (abbreviated SGV and COL) are terms used when the grammatical number for multiple items is the unmarked form of a noun, and the noun is specially marked to indicate a single item.

This is the opposite of the more common singular–plural pattern, where a noun is unmarked when 
it represents one item, and is marked to represent more than one item.

In some cases, a further distinction is made between the collective and what is known in some terminologies as the plurative, the former referencing multiple items as a class, the latter referencing them as individual units.

Greenberg's linguistic universal #35 states that no language is purely singulative-collective in the sense that plural is always the null morpheme and singular is not.

Greenberg's linguistic universals
The American linguist Joseph Greenberg (1915–2001) proposed a set of linguistic universals based primarily on a set of 30 languages.  The following list is verbatim from the list printed in the appendix of Greenberg's Universals of Language and "Universals Restated", sorted by context.

The numbering is fixed to keep Greenberg's number associations as these are commonly referenced by number; e.g.: "Greenberg's linguistic universal number 12".
Freestyle skiing at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's ski cross
The men's ski cross competition in freestyle skiing at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 21 February at the Livigno Snow Park  in Valtellina. Simone Deromedis of Italy won the event, his teammate Federico Tomasoni won the silver medal, and Alex Fiva of Switzerland won bronze. Deromedis and Tomasoni won their first Olympic medals.

Valtellina
Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Romansh: Vuclina ⓘ; Lombard: Valtelina or Valtulina; German: Veltlin; Italian: Valtellina) is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its ski centre, hot spring spas, bresaola, cheeses (in particular Bitto, named after the river Bitto) and wines.  It was a key Alpine pass between northern Italy and Germany. The control of the Valtellina was much sought after, particularly during the Thirty Years' War as it was an important part of the Spanish Road.
Drums of Tahiti
Drums of Tahiti is a 1954 American south seas adventure film directed by William Castle and starring Dennis O'Keefe, Patricia Medina and Francis L. Sullivan. Drums of Tahiti was released in 3-D, and was one of three 3-D movies made by director William Castle. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Palmentola.

Pōmare IV
Pōmare IV (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), more properly ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua (otherwise known as ʻAimata – "eye-eater", after an old custom of the ruler to eat the eye of the defeated foe), was the Queen of Tahiti between 1827 and 1877. She was the fourth monarch of the Kingdom of Tahiti.
Presidency of Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Macron is currently serving as President of France. He took office upon winning the 2017 French presidential election. Macron was the founding member of Renaissance. He defeated National Rally nominee Marine Le Pen. He again defeated Le Pen in the 2022 French presidential election. He was the youngest president in French history and the youngest French head of state since Napoleon I, at 39.

Pierre de Villiers
Pierre François Marie Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon (born 26 July 1956), known as Pierre de Villiers (French: [pjɛʁ də vilje]), is a retired French Army general who served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 2014 to 2017.

Following a disagreement on policy orientations with newly-elected President Emmanuel Macron, commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces, he tendered his resignation, a first under the Fifth Republic. Since his retirement from active service de Villiers has published a number of essays on geopolitics.

His brother, politician Philippe de Villiers, was twice a presidential candidate.
Roscoea cautleyoides
Roscoea cautleyoides is a perennial herbaceous plant occurring in the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China. The scientific name is also spelt Roscoea cautleoides (see below). Most members of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), to which it belongs, are tropical, but R. cautleyoides, like other species of Roscoea, grows in much colder mountainous regions. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants containing 58 genera and about 1600 described species distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics. They are aromatic perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes, sometimes tuberous. Basal leaf sheathing forms a pseudostem taller than their true stems which emerge unbranched. Flowers are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and inflorescence is raceme. Fruit is typically a dry capsule and seeds are arillate.

Ancient fossils and phylogenetics indicate the Zingiberaceae evolved in Africa during the mid-Cretaceous period. The dispersal of these plants across Asia, the Americas, and Australia followed the expansion of tropical rain forest habitat soon after this period.
Ballads (John Coltrane album)
Ballads is a jazz album by John Coltrane released in January 1963 by Impulse! Records. It was recorded in December 1961 and 1962, and released with catalogue number A-32 (mono) and AS-32 (stereo). Critic Gene Lees stated that the quartet had never played the tunes before. "They arrived with music-store sheet music of the songs" and just before the recordings, they "would discuss each tune, write out copies of the changes they'd use, semi-rehearse for a half hour and then do it". Each piece was recorded in one take, except for "All or Nothing at All". In 2008, the album was a recipient of the Grammy Hall of Fame award.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)