hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avalanche boulder tongue
An avalanche boulder tongue is an accumulation of debris produced by snow avalanches. Well-developed avalanche boulder tongues usually develop below avalanche gullies due to successive avalanches over a long time span. The avalanche boulder tongues were first intensively investigated by Anders Rapp in the areas of Abisko and Kebnekaise in Swedish Lappland.

Lapland (Sweden)
Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland, is the northernmost province of Sweden. It borders the Swedish provinces of Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten, as well as Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lapland.

The historical province of Lapland originally extended further eastward. However, in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of Sweden and formed the Grand Duchy of Finland in that territory. This effectively split Lapland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part, both of which still exist today. Swedish Lapland primarily consists of the inland parts of Västerbotten County in the south and Norrbotten County in the north. It has the coldest climates of Sweden, with vast seasonal differences caused by the high latitudes and the inland location.
Clan Innes
Clan Innes is a Highland and Lowland Scottish clan. The clan takes its name from the lands of Innes in Moray, Scotland. The de facto chief of the clan is the Duke of Roxburghe, directly descended in the male line from the Innes Baronets, chiefs of the name.

Moray
Moray (/ˈmʌri/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.
Yellowmead stone circle
Yellowmead stone circle near Sheepstor in Devon, England, is a Bronze Age concentric stone circle consisting of four rings of stones set within one another. The largest is 20 metres wide and the smallest, 6 metres. It is located on Yellowmead Down.

The circles once encircled a burial cairn although this is now barely visible. To the south west, several possible stone rows lead away, crossed by a post-medieval leat that once served a nearby tinworks.

The site was excavated and restored by Rev. H Breton in 1921. In 2008 geophysical surveys and a small excavation were carried out to determine whether the restoration of 1921 had been performed accurately (it had), and to discover whether additional features remain buried in the peat. Fallen stones were found in line with some of the stone rows, suggesting that further features may lie downslope below the leat.

Leat
A leat (/ˈliːt/; also lete or leet, or millstream) is the name, common in the south and west of England and in Wales, for an artificial watercourse or aqueduct dug into the ground, especially one supplying water to a watermill or its mill pond. Other common uses for leats include delivery of water for hydraulic mining and mineral concentration, for irrigation, to serve a dye works or other industrial plant, and provision of drinking water to a farm or household or as a catchment cut-off to improve the yield of a reservoir.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, leat is cognate with let in the sense of "allow to pass through". Other names for the same thing include fleam (probably a leat supplying water to a mill that did not have a millpool). In parts of northern England, for example around Sheffield, the equivalent word is goit. In southern England, a leat used to supply water for water-meadow irrigation is often called a carrier, top carrier, or main.
Enkephalinase
Enkephalinases are enzymes that degrade endogenous enkephalin opioid peptides. They include:

Aminopeptidase N (APN)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP)

Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3)

Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6)

Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Scholastic probation
Scholastic probation, sometimes known as flunking out, is the formal warning that is given to students at a higher educational institution as the result of poor academic achievement. Normally, if students that are on academic probation do not quickly address their grades and improve their GPA to at least a 2.0, more serious consequences may occur, which are not limited to academic suspension.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Vincent Massey Secondary School
Vincent Massey Secondary School, commonly known as Massey,  is a public high school located in the South Windsor neighbourhood in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The school is under the jurisdiction of the Greater Essex County District School Board, one of the four school boards in Windsor–Essex. The school was named after Vincent Massey, the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada. Currently, the school has a population of over 2000 students.

The school offers both semestered and full year courses, in a blended system called Moduflex. It is notable within Windsor for offering the enriched program.

Academic term
An academic term (or simply term) is a portion of an academic year during which an educational institution holds classes. The schedules adopted vary widely. Common terms such as semester, trimester, and quarter are used to denote terms of specific durations. In most countries, the academic year begins in late summer or early autumn and ends during the following spring or summer.
Ololygon berthae
Ololygon berthae, also known as the dwarf snouted treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in northeastern Argentina, southern Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. It is named in honor of Bertha Lutz, a Brazilian zoologist and feminist.

It occurs in grasslands and rainforest clearings. Reproduction takes place in temporary pools, also in altered habitats. This locally common species is threatened by habitat loss and pollution.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Antonio Bassi
Antonio Bassi (died 1782) was an Italian painter. He was born and active in Ferrara. He painted a Repose in Egypt and a Christ and Samaritan Woman for the church of San Giovanni Battista; and painted a Virgin Mary, St. Anne, and St. Joachim for the church of San Clemente.

San Giovanni Battista, Praiano
The Church of San Giovanni Battista (Italian: Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista) is a church located in the center of Praiano, a small comune located on the Amalfi Coast in southern Italy. Constructed in the Romanesque style, San Giovanni Battista has a rectangular plan and a vaulted ceiling, featuring Italian Baroque design elements on the inside. Dating back to the 11th–12th centuries, the church features a very well preserved maiolica flora- and fauna-inspired tiled floor and a pipe organ from Neapolitan organ masters.

Located on a narrow lane, Via San Giovanni, from which it gets its name, San Giovanni Battista was once the main church of the surrounding area; however as the settlement grew in size, eight more churches were subsequently built. The first legal mention of the church was in a 1296 bill of sale, belonging to the patronage of a couple Amalfi families.
Krkovo nad Faro
Krkovo nad Faro (pronounced [ˈkəɾkɔʋɔ nat ˈfaːɾɔ]) is a small village northeast of Fara in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Kostel
The Municipality of Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]; Slovene: Občina Kostel) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Vas. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
And Their Refinement of the Decline
And Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio album by Stars of the Lid, released by Kranky in April 2007. The album was Kranky's 100th release, and was issued as a double CD and as a triple vinyl LP set (featuring alternate artwork). And Their Refinement of the Decline features minimal, droning compositions of varied length created from treated guitar, horn, piano, and other classical instruments.

The track "Dopamine Clouds Over Craven Cottage" refers to Craven Cottage in London, the home stadium of English football club Fulham F.C. At the time of the album's release, their captain was  ex-United States soccer international Brian McBride, who shares the same name as Brian McBride from Stars of the Lid. The track "Don't Bother They're Here" uses the melody of Stephen Sondheim's 1973 song  "Send in the Clowns".

In December 2007, American webzine Somewhere Cold ranked And Their Refinement of the Decline No. 5 on their 2007 Somewhere Cold Awards Hall of Fame.

Somewherecold Records
Somewherecold Records (formerly Somewhere Cold Records) is an American independent record label established in late 2004 by Jason T. Lamoreaux. The record company was founded in Lexington, Kentucky, but is currently headquartered in Shelbyville, Kentucky. It releases ambient, shoegaze, dream pop, slowcore, post-rock, space rock and drone music, with an international roster of artists spanning from the early 2000s to the present. Somewherecold Records has released music on vinyl records, compact discs, compact cassettes and digital audio formats, with global distribution through The Business. The company is affiliated with the Somewherecold webzine, which was formed two years before the record label.
Legal system of Macau
Macau law is broadly based on Portuguese law, and therefore part of the civil law tradition of continental European legal systems. Portuguese law is itself highly influenced by German law. However, many other influences are present, including Chinese law, Italian law, and some narrow aspects of common law.

Macau's legal code is written in Portuguese; therefore law students at University of Macau take their classes in Portuguese.

Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated both as a continent and subcontinent.
John Hopkinson
John Hopkinson, FRS, (27 July 1849 – 27 August 1898) was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE (now the IET) twice in 1890 and 1896. He invented the three-wire (three-phase) system for the distribution of electrical power, for which he was granted a patent in 1882. He also worked in many areas of electromagnetism and electrostatics, and in 1890 was appointed professor of electrical engineering at King's College London, where he was also director of the Siemens Laboratory.

Hopkinson's law, the magnetic counterpart to Ohm's law, is named after him.

Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers and the new organisation is Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). Notable chairmen include John M. M. Munro (1910–11).
Parsons Beach
Parsons Beach is a locality on the western side of Yorke Peninsula and eastern side of Spencer Gulf in South Australia. There is a small town at the north end of the locality, set behind the sandhills from the beach.

Before 5 September 2017, the village of Parsons Beach was formally the northwestern corner of the locality of Minlaton. On that date, the Government of South Australia declared that Parsons Beach was a separate locality. The name "Parsons Beach" for the subdivision of the village was approved on 27 August 1982 by the Geographical Names Board.

Spencer Gulf
The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe and Eyre Peninsula in the west to Cape Spencer and Yorke Peninsula in the east.

The largest towns on the gulf are Port Lincoln, Whyalla, Port Pirie, and Port Augusta. Smaller towns on the gulf include Tumby Bay, Port Neill, Arno Bay, Cowell, Port Germein, Port Broughton, Wallaroo, Port Hughes, Port Victoria, Port Rickaby, Point Turton, and Corny Point.
Lake Techirghiol
Techirghiol is a lake in Northern Dobruja, Romania, located by the towns of Eforie and Techirghiol, near a Ramsar site. It is separated from the Black Sea coast by a narrow strip of land on which the national road DN39 (part of European route E87) and the CFR Main Line 800 run, joining the port cities of Constanța and Mangalia.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Pfuel cabinet
The Pfuel Cabinet, appointed by King Frederick William IV, formed the Prussian State Ministry from 21 September to 1 November 1848. The cabinet represented the last attempt to reach a constitutional agreement between the crown and the Prussian National Assembly. After the government resigned, the ministers continued in their positions until the Brandenburg cabinet was formed on 8 November 1848.

Prussian National Assembly
The Prussian National Assembly (German: Preußische Nationalversammlung) came into being after the revolution of 1848 and was tasked with drawing up a constitution for the Kingdom of Prussia. It first met in the building of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin (later the Maxim Gorki Theater). On 5 November 1848 the Government ordered the expulsion of the Assembly to Brandenburg an der Havel and on 5 December 1848 it was dissolved by royal decree. King Frederick William IV then unilaterally imposed the 1848 Constitution of Prussia.
Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery
Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery was founded in 1882 as a cemetery for African Americans in the 216th general militia district, Athens, Georgia area. Nine acres in size, it contains an estimated 3,500, mostly unmarked, graves.

The Gospel Pilgrim Society founded the cemetery and was "a social and charitable burial insurance organization". The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

In 2008, the Georgia Historical Society, along with the East Athens Development Corporation, Inc., erected a Georgia Historical Marker at Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery. The marker is located at 4th Street, north of Evelyn C. Neely Drive in Athens.

Georgia historical markers
A historic marker is an "Alamo"-shaped plaque affixed to the top of a pole and erected next to a significant historic site, battlefield or county courthouse.  Kevin Levin of the Smithsonian magazine said of the erected signs, "Historical markers are a ubiquitous presence along many of the nation's highways and country roads. You can spot their distinctive lettering, background color, and shape without even realizing what they commemorate." In the State of Georgia, there are more than 2,100 historic markers.
Atlantic Air Lift
Atlantic Airlift was a French regional airline. It provided the only scheduled service to the Île d'Yeu Aerodrome, on the Île d'Yeu off the west coast of France. The service linked the Île d'Yeu with Nantes Atlantique Airport. The airline made its first flight in April 2005. It operated two daily return flights, using a nine-seat Cessna 208B Grand Caravan. The airline meanwhile ceased operations.

Île d'Yeu
Île d'Yeu (French pronunciation: [il djø]) or L'Île-d'Yeu, is an island and commune just off the Vendée coast of western France. The island's two harbours, Port-Joinville in the north and Port de la Meule to the south, in a rocky inlet of the southern granite coast, are famous for tuna and lobster fishing, respectively.

Administratively, the commune of L'Île-d'Yeu is part of the Vendée department and the Pays de la Loire region of France.
The Astor Show
The Astor Show was an Australian television series which aired in 1958 on Melbourne station GTV-9. In the series, the cast danced to and mimed hit recordings (a mix of contemporary and older hits). The series ended with the 31 August 1958 broadcast. The timeslot of the series was then occupied for several weeks by a series of specials starring Shirley Abicair, and later by an American drama series.

Shirley Abicair
Shirley Alice Abicair (26 October 1928 – 27 September 2025) was an Australian and British singer, musician, television personality, actress and author. In the 1950s and 1960s, she was probably best known as an exponent of the zither.
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series at Nazareth Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series were held at Nazareth Speedway in Nazareth, Pennsylvania between 1996 to 2001.

Jack Sprague and Greg Biffle are the only two drivers with multiple wins in this race, both winning the event twice. After the closure of the track, the Truck series would return to racing in Pennsylvania when Pocono Raceway held the Pocono Mountains 125 in 2010.

The race in 1996 was supposed to air on CBS; however, after a 3 hour rain delay, CBS left the speedway, and the race was not broadcast.

Nazareth, Pennsylvania
Nazareth is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough's population was 6,053 at the 2020 census. Nazareth is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of 2020.
Brevet d'état-major
A brevet d'état-major (French) or stafbrevet (Dutch), both literally "general staff brevet", is a form of military distinction in France and Belgium which denotes that an officer has completed a course at a military academy. A recipient is entitled to have breveté d'état-major (BEM) or stafbrevethouder (SBH) used as part of their formal title after their military rank, for example "Colonel BEM Émile Gilbert".

In France, the distinction was awarded between 1870 and 1940 after passing a course at the École Supérieure de Guerre.

A BEM was awarded for studying a one-year course known as a "Cycle d'études supérieures d'état-major" at the École de Guerre in Brussels, however, this was changed to a much more lengthy course and its bestowal only after being considered by a military panel.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
2016 Katowice Open – Doubles
For the doubles event during the 2016 Katowice Open, Eri Hozumi and Miyu Kato won the title, defeating Ivakhnenko and Melnikova in the final, 3–6, 7–5, [10–8].

Ysaline Bonaventure and Demi Schuurs were the defending champions, but Bonaventure chose not to participate this year. Schuurs played alongside Oksana Kalashnikova, but lost in the quarterfinals to Valentyna Ivakhnenko and Marina Melnikova.

Valentina Ivakhnenko
Valentina Yuryevna Ivakhnenko (Russian: Валентина Юрьевна Ивахненко, Ukrainian: Валентина Юріївна Івахненко; born 27 June 1993) is a Russian former professional tennis player.

On 30 July 2018, she reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 167, whilst her best doubles ranking by the WTA was 104 on 28 November 2016.

In September 2014, six months after Crimea was occupied and subsequently annexed by the Russian Federation, Ukrainian-born Ivakhnenko became a naturalized citizen of Russia. She retired from ITF Circuit in 2022.
Kargyak
Kargyak  (also Kargiakh, Kurgiakh) is a small village in the Lungnak valley in Zanskar tehsil, Kargil district, Ladakh, India.  The village is situated on the right bank of the Kargiakh Chu (river) about 77 km (48 mi) south of Padum on the Padum-Darcha highway (NPD road).  The economy is largely agrarian and the main religion is Buddhism.

Padum
Padum (also known as Padam) is the main town and the administrative centre of the Zanskar tehsil in Kargil district, Ladakh, India. Named after the Buddhist guru Padmasambhava, it was historically one of the two main capitals of the Zanskar Kingdom, the other being Zangla. It is 235 km (146 mi) via the link road from Kargil city (National Highway No. 1D).  The new Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road (under construction) connects Padum directly to Leh in the east and to Darcha in Himachal Pradesh.