hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gordon Home
Gordon Cochrane Home (25 July 1878 – 13 December 1969) was an English landscape artist, writer, and illustrator.

Home was born in London. He worked as an art editor at "The Tatler", "The King" and later at the publishers A & C Black. He served as a Major in the Royal Army Service Corps from 1914 to 1920 in France and North Africa, and later travelled widely in North Africa, the British Empire and the Commonwealth.

Home worked mainly in watercolour and pen and ink and frequently exhibited at the Royal Academy. He exhibited at the first annual exhibition of the Society of Graphic Art in 1921. Home wrote and illustrated many travel and history books for A & C Black, J M Dent and other publishers.

Tatler
Tatler (stylised in all caps) is a British magazine published by Condé Nast Publications. It focuses on fashion and lifestyle, as well as coverage of high society and politics. It is targeted towards the British upper and upper-middle classes, and people interested in relevant society events. According to Condé Nast, the majority of its readership are females with above-average household incomes of the British middle and upper-middle classes.

Irish Tatler is published by Business Post.
Sampheng
Sampheng (Thai: สำเพ็ง, pronounced [sǎm.pʰēŋ]) is a historic neighbourhood and market in Bangkok's Chinatown, in Samphanthawong District. It was settled during the establishment of Bangkok in 1782 by Teochew Chinese, and eventually grew into the surrounding areas. The original street of Sampheng, now officially known as Soi Wanit 1 (ซอยวานิช 1), is now a small alleyway lined with numerous shops, and is a famous market.

Teochew people
The Teochew (/tiˈoʊt͡ʃuː/), Teo-Swa, or Chaoshanese are an ethnic group historically native to the Chaoshan region in south China who speak the Teochew language. Today, ethnic Teochew people live throughout Chaoshan and Hong Kong, but also outside China in Southeast Asia, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The community can also be found in diasporas around the world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France.
Cyanothamnus fabianoides
Cyanothamnus fabianoides is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a compact shrub with many branches, simple, more or less cylindrical leaves and single white, pink or pale blue four-petalled flowers in the leaf axils.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Lars Chittka
Lars Chittka, FLS, FRES, FRSB (born April 1963) is a German zoologist, ethologist and ecologist distinguished for his work on the evolution of sensory systems and cognition, using insect-flower interactions as a model.

Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory  information.  A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.  Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, balance and visceral sensation. Sense organs are transducers that convert data from the outer physical world to the realm of the mind where people interpret the information, creating their perception of the world around them.

The receptive field is the area of the body or environment to which a receptor organ and receptor cells respond. For instance, the part of the world an eye can see, is its receptive field; the light that each rod or cone can see, is its receptive field. Receptive fields have been identified for the visual system, auditory system and somatosensory system.
Brazil national beach soccer team
The Brazil national beach soccer team represents Brazil in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the CBF, the governing body for football in Brazil. Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner a record seven times and having won the defunct World Championships also a record nine times.  The Seleção also has the best overall performance in the World Cup competition, both in proportional and absolute terms. Portugal, Russia, Spain and Senegal are the only squads to have eliminated Brazil out of the World Cup. Brazil are ranked 1st in the BSWW World Rankings. They are, alongside Portugal, the only team to have won the world title before and after FIFA assumed the government of beach soccer worldwide. As of 2025, the brazilian team has a winning record against every nation they've faced in their history, winning over 94% of the matches and losing 6% of then, both records in the history of beach soccer.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
1953 International Cross Country Championships
The 1953 International Cross Country Championships was held in Vincennes, France, at the Hippodrome de Vincennes on March 21, 1953. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Definitions of whiteness in the United States
The legal and social strictures that define White Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States. Race is defined as a social and political category within society based on hierarchy.

David Bernstein (law professor)
David E. Bernstein (born 1967) is an American legal scholar at the George Mason University School of Law in Arlington, Virginia, where he has taught since 1995. His primary areas of scholarly research are constitutional history and the admissibility of expert testimony. Bernstein is a contributor to the legal blog The Volokh Conspiracy. Bernstein is a graduate of the Yale Law School, where he was a John M. Olin Fellow in Law, Economics and Public Policy, a Claude Lambe Fellow of the Institute for Humane Studies, and a senior editor of the Yale Law Journal. He received his undergraduate degree from Brandeis University.
Beetroot (album)
Beetroot is the fourth album by the English band Cast, released on 30 July 2001. From the album, a single was released, "Desert Drought", which reached #45 in the UK Singles Chart.  Two further intended singles, "Kingdoms And Crowns" and "Giving It All Away" were cancelled due to the album and first single's poor sales.

John Power (musician)
John Timothy Power (born 14 September 1967) is an Irish-English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is the frontman of the Britpop band Cast, and the bassist and backing vocalist for The La's from 1986 to 1991. Following the dissolution of Cast in 2001, Power embarked on a solo career.

In 2005, he briefly reunited with the La's, who split up again without releasing new material. Cast reformed in 2010, releasing the album Troubled Times in March 2012, followed by Kicking Up the Dust in April 2017. Power was born in  Allerton, Liverpool.
Coat of arms of Gibraltar
The coat of arms of Gibraltar was first granted by a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo on 10 July 1502 by Isabella I of Castile during Gibraltar's Spanish period.  The arms consists of an escutcheon and features a three-towered red castle under which hangs a golden key.

Warrant (law)
A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights in order to enforce the law and aid in investigations; affording the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed.

A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff, a constable, or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants, arrest warrants, and execution warrants.
Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof
Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof (German, 'Innsbruck Main Station'  or 'Innsbruck Central Station') is the main railway station in Innsbruck, the capital city of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol.  Opened in 1853, the station is a major hub for western and central Austria. In 2019, it was the 8th-busiest station in the country, and the 2nd-busiest outside of Vienna after only Linz Hauptbahnhof, with 315 train movements and 38,500 passengers daily.

The station is owned and operated by ÖBB. It forms the junction of the Arlberg Railway to Bregenz, Brenner Railway to Italy, Mittenwald Railway to Germany's region of Ällgau, Stubaitalbahn and the main east–west artery Lower Inn Valley Railway.

Brenner Railway
The Brenner Railway (German: Brennerbahn; Italian: Ferrovia del Brennero) is a major line connecting the Austrian and Italian railways from  Innsbruck to Verona, climbing up the Wipptal (German for "Wipp Valley"), passing over the Brenner Pass, descending down the Eisacktal (German for "Eisack Valley") to Bolzano, then further down the Adige Valley to Trento and Rovereto, and along the section of the Adige Valley, called in Italian the "Vallagarina", to Verona. This railway line is part of the Line 1 of Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). It is considered a "fundamental" line by the state railways Ferrovie dello Stato (FS).
Koritno, Majšperk
Koritno (pronounced [kɔˈɾiːtnɔ]) is a settlement on the right bank of the Dravinja River west of Breg in the Municipality of Majšperk in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Majšperk
The Municipality of Majšperk (Slovene: Občina Majšperk; pronounced [ˈóːptʃina ˈmaːi̯ʃpɛɾk]) is a municipality in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is Majšperk. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
Radical Axis (studio)
Radical Axis, Inc. (stylized as radicalaxis) was an American animation studio headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is known for providing animation services to adult animated television shows and commercials. The studio's television credits include Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Squidbillies, Cheyenne Cinnamon, 12 oz. Mouse, Perfect Hair Forever, Sealab 2021 on Adult Swim, Freak Show on Comedy Central, and Archer on FX, and its feature film credits include Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film For Theaters.

Animation studio
An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for production, employ operators for that equipment, and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced. They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created or held by the company, much like authors holding copyrights. In some early cases, they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity. Overall, they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms.
North Newport River
The North Newport River is a 26-mile-long (42 km) tidal river in Liberty County in the U.S. state of Georgia.  It rises just west of Interstate 95, 15 miles (24 km) south of Richmond Hill, and flows generally east-southeast to its mouth at the Medway River and St. Catherines Sound on the Atlantic Ocean.

Interstate 95 in Georgia
Interstate 95 (I-95), the main Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, serves the Atlantic Coast of the US state of Georgia. It crosses into the state from Florida at the St. Marys River near Kingsland and travels to the north past the cities of Brunswick and Savannah to the South Carolina state line at the Savannah River near Port Wentworth. The route also passes through the cities of Richmond Hill, Darien, and Woodbine. I-95 in Georgia has the unsigned designation of State Route 405 (SR 405).
Listed buildings in Shalford, Essex
Shalford is a village and civil parish in the Braintree District of Essex, England. It contains 56 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, two are grade II* and 53 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Shalford, Essex
Shalford is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. The village is approximately 4 miles (6 km) north from Braintree on the B1057 road. The parish includes the hamlets of Church End, Jasper's Green, and Shalford Green. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 785.

The village has a primary school, a village hall, and a 14th-century pub (The George). At the southern end of the village is Stoneley Park, constructed in 1997 from an infilled sand pit and where trees were planted by local residents.

The Tour de France cycle race passed through Shalford on the third and final day of its visit to England, on Monday 7 July 2014, en route from Cambridge to London.
Intertemporal portfolio choice
Intertemporal portfolio choice is the process of allocating one's investable wealth to various assets, especially financial assets, repeatedly over time, in such a way as to optimize some criterion. The set of asset proportions at any time defines a portfolio. Since the returns on almost all assets are not fully predictable, the criterion has to take financial risk into account. Typically the criterion is the expected value of some concave function of the value of the portfolio after a certain number of time periods—that is, the expected utility of final wealth. Alternatively, it may be a function of the various levels of goods and services consumption that are attained by withdrawing some funds from the portfolio after each time period.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Whitewater River (Missouri)
Historically, the name Whitewater River applied to a 120 km (75 mi) long stream that headed approximately two miles east of the community of Womack in St. Francois County flowing south through Perry, Bollinger, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard counties before entering the Little River near Bell City. However, in the early 20th century, the Little River Drainage District constructed the Headwater Diversion Channel, which bisected the Whitewater River, causing the northern section of the stream to be diverted into the diversion channel, and separating the southern portion from its original headwaters. In 2007, the Board on Geographic Names approved a proposal to rename the two portions Upper Whitewater Creek and Lower Whitewater Creek. With the Upper Whitewater Creek now flowing through the Headwater Diversion Channel to the Mississippi River just south of Cape Girardeau.

Perry County, Missouri
Perry County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,956. Its county seat is Perryville. The county was officially organized on November 16, 1820 (effective January 1, 1821) from Ste. Genevieve County and was named after Oliver Hazard Perry, a naval hero of the War of 1812.
Trichonium
Trichonium or Trichonion (Ancient Greek: Τριχώνιον) was a town of ancient Aetolia, from which Lake Trichonis derived its name. William Martin Leake identified its location in the 19th century south of the lake at a place called Gavala (Gavalou). Strabo mentions Trichonium along with Stratus as situated in a fertile plain. It was evidently a place of importance, and several natives of this town are mentioned in history.

Its site is located near the modern Gavalou.

Aetolia
Aetolia (Greek: Αἰτωλία, romanized: Aitōlía) is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, corresponding to the eastern part of the modern regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania. Ancient Aetolia was the core of the Aetolian League and also included parts of modern Evrytania.
Umzimvubu Local Municipality elections
The Umzimvubu Local Municipality council consists of fifty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty-eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty-eight wards, while the remaining twenty-seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of forty-two seats.

Umzimvubu Local Municipality
Umzimvubu Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala wase Umzimvubu) is a local municipality within the Alfred Nzo District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Umzimvubu, the name of the Mzimvubu River, is an isiXhosa word meaning "home of the hippopotamus". The municipal area comprises an area of 2506 square kilometres. The municipality has undergone a number of amendments in terms of municipal and ward demarcation which has a profound impact on planning in the area.
Flagstone Peak (Fremont County, Wyoming)
Flagstone Peak (13,456 ft (4,101 m)) is located in the Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is the 12th highest peak in Wyoming. The summit is located on the Continental Divide and is in both Shoshone and Bridger-Teton National Forests. The Flagstone Peak-Southeast Peak (13,160 ft (4,010 m)) lies .25 mi (0.40 km) to the southeast.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Fluocerite
Fluocerite, also known as tysonite, is a mineral consisting of cerium and lanthanum fluorides, with the chemical formula (Ce,La)F3. The end members are classified as two different mineral types depending on the cation, fluocerite-(Ce) and fluocerite-(La), corresponding respectively to lanthanum trifluoride and cerium trifluoride. Both crystallize in the trigonal system.

Fluocerite-(Ce) was first described (without the Ce) in 1845 from hydrothermal veins in granite in Sweden. Fluocerite-(La) was first described in 1969 from the type locality in central Kazakhstan. The name tysonite was given in 1880 to the same type of mineral found in Colorado. Tysonite-type structure is used for rare-earth fluorides with the P3c1 space group structure.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
Faraoa 'ipo
Faraoa ʻipo is a type of ball bread made in the Tuamotu archipelago of French Polynesia. The bread is made from flour leavened with yeast, with coconut, coconut milk, sugar and salt added. The dough is then shaped into a ball and cooked in coconut water.

It can also be cooked in a ahima'a (earth oven), wrapped in banana leaves.

Banana leaf
The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrapping, and food-serving in a wide range of cuisines in tropical and subtropical areas. They are used for decorative and symbolic purposes in numerous Hindu and Buddhist ceremonies. In traditional home building in tropical areas, roofs and fences are made with dry banana-leaf thatch. Bananas and palm leaves were historically the primary writing surfaces in many nations of South and Southeast Asia.
Dar Laaslouji
Dar Laaslouji is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Kacem Province of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 27,836 people living in 4002 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.