hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abu Zayd al-Sirafi
Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī (full name Abū Zayd Ḥasan ibn Zayd al-Sīrāfī, 
أبو زيد حسن بن زيد السيرافي) was a 10th-century geographer and traveller from the Persian Gulf port of Siraf. He is well known as the author of a collection of travels and fantastic stories from the Indian Ocean, a riḥla or travelogue known in Arabic simply as Riḥlat al-Sīrāfī (al-Sīrāfī’s Travelogue), and often associated with the writings of Sulayman al-Tajir and the Akhbār al-Ṣīn wa’l-Hind (Accounts of China and India). He should not be confused with another travel writer from Siraf, Abū ‘Imrān Mūsā ibn Rabāḥ al-Awsī al-Sīrāfī, author of the Ṣaḥīḥ min akhbār al-biḥār wa-‘ajā‘ibihā (True Stories of the Seas and Their Wonders).

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Putzke
Putzke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Holm Putzke (born 1973), German professor for criminal law at the University of Passau

Vanadis Putzke (born 1961), German handball player

Sebastian Putzke (born 1991), Canadian Construction Manager in Winnipeg Manitoba

Vanadis Putzke
Vanadis Putzke (born 23 March 1961) is a German handball player and coach who played for the West German national team. She was born in Dresden. She represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the West German team placed fourth. At club level she represented TSV Milbertshofen for 12 years.

From November 2006 until the end of the 2009-10 season she coached the women's team at TSV Unterhaching. In 2020 she became the youth coach at HT München.
369th Fighter Group
The 369th Fighter Group is a disbanded United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Third Air Force, stationed at Stuttgart Army Air Field, Arkansas. It was inactivated on 10 August 1945.

The 369th was initially a training group in California during World War II as part of Fourth Air Force.  It moved to Louisiana in the spring of 1944 and became part of Third Air Force in March 1944. There, it took part in air-ground maneuvers and demonstrations until inactivating in August 1945.  The group was redesignated in inactive status as the 369th Tactical Fighter Group in 1985, but was disbanded in 1992.

Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force (4 AF) is a numbered air force of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California.

4 AF directs the activities and supervises the training of more than 30,000 Air Force Reservists.  If called to active duty, 4 AF's ready reserve units would be assigned to Air Mobility Command, Air Education and Training Command, and Pacific Air Forces. Several airfields are associated with the Fourth Air Force.

One of the four original pre–World War II numbered air forces, 4 AF was activated on 18 December 1940, at March Field, California with a mission of air defense of the Southwestern United States and Lower Midwest regions. During the war, its primary mission became the organization and training of combat units prior to their deployment to the overseas combat air forces.

4 AF is commanded by Major General Derin S. Durham.
Simplicial volume
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the simplicial volume (also called Gromov norm) is a measure of the topological complexity of a manifold. More generally, the simplicial norm measures the complexity of homology classes.

Given a closed and oriented manifold, one defines the simplicial norm by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains homologous to a given cycle. The simplicial volume is the simplicial norm of the fundamental class.

It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who introduced it in 1982. With William Thurston, he proved that the simplicial volume of a finite volume hyperbolic manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume.

The simplicial volume is equal to twice the Thurston norm.

Thurston also used the simplicial volume to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.

Fundamental class
In mathematics, the fundamental class is a homology class [M] associated to a connected orientable compact manifold of dimension n, which corresponds to the generator of the homology group  . The fundamental class can be thought of as the orientation of the top-dimensional simplices of a suitable triangulation of the manifold.
Marillet
Marillet (French pronunciation: [maʁijɛ]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.

Marillet is the smallest commune in Vendée and is associated with the Puy-de-Serre and Faymoreau coal mines.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
Howmore
Howmore (Scottish Gaelic: Togh Mòr / Tobha Mor) lies on the island of South Uist to the southwest of Loch Druidibeg. The mountain of Haarsal rises to 139 m (456 ft) to the east and immediately south is the smaller settlement of Howbeg. Howmore is also within the parish of South Uist.

Flora MacDonald
Flora MacDonald (1722 – 5 March 1790) was a member of the minor gentry from the Outer Hebrides. She is best known for helping Charles Edward Stuart evade government troops after the Battle of Culloden in April 1746. Her family generally backed the government during the 1745 Rising, and MacDonald later claimed to have assisted Charles out of sympathy for his situation.

Arrested and held in the Tower of London, she was released under a general amnesty in June 1747. She later married Allan MacDonald and the couple emigrated to North Carolina in 1773. Their support for the British government during the American War of Independence meant the loss of their American estates and they returned to Scotland, where she died in 1790.
2024 in association football
The following are the scheduled events of association football for the calendar year 2024 throughout the world. This includes:

In countries whose league seasons fall within a single calendar year, the 2024 season.

In countries which crown one champion in a season that spans two calendar years, the 2023–24 season.

In countries which split their league season into two championships, a system often known in Latin America as Apertura and Clausura, all championships awarded in calendar 2024.

Vanuatu national football team
The Vanuatu men's national football team (French: équipe du Vanuatu de football) represents Vanuatu in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the Vanuatu Football Federation, which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation.
Shoinhigashi Women's Junior College
Shoin-Higashi Women's Junior College (樟蔭東女子短期大学, Shōin higashi joshi tanki daigaku) was a private women's junior college in Osaka, Osaka, Japan. The institution's predecessor was founded in 1937, and it was chartered as a university in 1966. The college closed in 2015

Higashiōsaka
Higashiōsaka (東大阪市, Higashiōsaka-shi; literally "East Osaka City") is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 486,464 in 233,124 households and a population density of 7,874 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi). The city is known as one of the industrial cities of Japan and "the rugby football town".
Constructible topology
In commutative algebra, the constructible topology on the spectrum  of a commutative ring  is a topology where each closed set is the image of  in  for some algebra B over A. An important feature of this construction is that the map  is a closed map with respect to the constructible topology.

With respect to this topology,  is a compact, Hausdorff, and totally disconnected topological space (i.e., a Stone space). In general, the constructible topology is a finer topology than the Zariski topology, and the two topologies coincide if and only if  is a von Neumann regular ring, where  is the nilradical of A.

Despite the terminology being similar, the constructible topology is not the same as the set of all constructible sets.

Stone space
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a Stone space, also known as a profinite space or profinite set, is a compact Hausdorff totally disconnected space. Stone spaces are named after Marshall Harvey Stone who introduced and studied them in the 1930s in the course of his investigation of Boolean algebras, which culminated in his representation theorem for Boolean algebras.
Depressaria ululana
Depressaria ululana is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Germany, Romania and North Macedonia.

The larvae feed on the flowers and unripe seeds of Bunium persicum. The larvae can be found from the end of June to the beginning of July.

Elwendia persica
Elwendia persica is a plant species in the family Apiaceae. It is related to cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and sometimes called black cumin, or black caraway, and has a smoky, earthy taste. It is often confused with Nigella sativa (which is also called black cumin, black caraway, or black seed), by which it is often substituted in cooking.

Dried E. persica fruits are used as a culinary spice in northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Iran.  It is practically unknown outside these areas.
Konstantin Zaslonov
Konstantin Sergeyevich Zaslonov (Belarusian: Канстанцін Сяргеевіч Заслонаў, romanized: Kanstancin Siarhieievič Zaslonaŭ; Russian: Константи́н Серге́евич Засло́нов), (7 January 1910 [O.S. 25 December 1909] – 14 November 1942) was a notable Belarusian partisan commander during World War II who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his command of partisan forces around Orsha.

Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in north-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Guastedda dolce nissena
Guastedda dolce nissena or guastedda is a dessert from the city of Caltanissetta, Sicily.

Guastedda dolce nissena with the ricotta filling becomes raviola di ricotta nissena. This dessert is the base of the raviola di ricotta nissena, without having the ricotta filling.

Guastedda dolce nissena in Sicily are produced in many sweet and non-sweet variations, the nissena one however is a unicum typical of the city of Caltanissetta.

Lard
Lard is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig. It is distinguished from tallow, a  similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep.

Lard can be rendered by steaming, boiling, or dry heat. The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the origin and processing method; if properly rendered, it may be nearly odorless and tasteless.  It has a high saturated fatty acid content and no trans fat. At retail, refined lard is usually sold as paper-wrapped blocks.

Many cuisines use lard as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread in the same ways as butter. It is an ingredient in various savoury dishes such as sausages, pâtés, and fillings. As a replacement for butter, it provides flakiness to pastry. In western cuisine, it has ceded its popularity to vegetable oils, but many cooks and bakers still favor it over other fats for certain uses.
Olaf Storaasli
Olaf O. Storaasli is a scientist & engineer who worked at NASA),  Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Centrus Energy, & Synective Labs. At NASA, he led a hardware, software & applications teams to successfully develop one of NASA's first parallel computers, the finite element machine, & developed rapid matrix equation algorithms tailored for high-performance computers to harness FPGA & GPU accelerators to solve science & engineering applications. He was a graduate advisor & instructor at the University of Tennessee, George Washington University & Christopher Newport University.

Christopher Newport University
Christopher Newport University (CNU) is a public university in Newport News, Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1960 as Christopher Newport College, an extension school of the College of William and Mary for mid-career working professionals, members of the military, and non-traditional students in and around the Newport News area of the Hampton Roads region. The university has since expanded into a residential college for traditional students.

It is named after Christopher Newport, captain of one of the ships which carried settlers of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Italian submarine Nereide (1913)
Nereide was a Nautilus-class submarine in the Italian Royal Navy (Italian: Règia Marina) during World War I. She was built 1911–1913 at the navy yard at Venice (Italian: Regio Arsenale) and was sunk in 1915 by the Austro-Hungarian submarine U-5 under the command of Georg Ritter von Trapp. Nereide's captain, Carlo del Greco posthumously received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valore Militare for his actions when Nereide was sunk.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Nacional Tijuana
Club de Fútbol Nacional de Tijuana was a Mexican football team that played in the Primera División 'A' de México before their disappearance and relocation to Mérida, Yucatán. They played their games in the city of Tijuana, Baja California.

They managed to be in the Primera División 'A' de México in 1999, which was composed primarily of Mexican players, something very representative since that year that most of the players were from Tijuana, Baja California who attempted to promote the team to the Primera División de México.

Mexican Football Federation
The Mexican Football Federation (Spanish: Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación, A.C.), abbreviated as FMF, is the official governing body of football in Mexico. It administers the men's and women's national teams with all the youth teams, the national teams of futsal and beach soccer, the Liga MX with all the professional promotion divisions, all affiliated amateur sectors, and controls promoting, organizing, directing, expanding, and supervising competitive football in Mexico.

The FMF was established on 23 August 1927 to replace the Federación Central de Fútbol, the first president was Humberto Garza Ramos. It is an affiliate member of FIFA since 1929, and an affiliate founding member of CONCACAF since 1961. Subject to policies, statutes, objectives and ideals of those international governing bodies. Its headquarters are located in Toluca, State of Mexico.
Anata ni Smile :)
"Anata ni Smile :)" (あなたにスマイル:), Anata ni Sumairu :), lit. "Smile at You :)") is a song recorded by Japanese singer Misia. It was released by Ariola Japan as the fourth single from her twelfth studio album, Love Bebop (2016) on 8 July 2015, one day after Misia's 37th birthday. The song was co-written by Misia and Ki-Yo, composed by the latter and produced by Hiroshi Matsui. "Anata ni Smile :)" was used in television ads for Kirin's Sekai no Kitchen Kara tea, for which a special version with alternate lyrics was recorded. The digital single artwork was painted by author, screenwriter, director and painter Ellie Omiya.

Kirin Company
Kirin Holdings Company, Limited. (キリンホールディングス株式会社) is a Japanese beer and beverage holding company. It is known for brands such as Kirin Beer, Kirin Lemon, Mets, and Gogo no Kōcha.

The predecessor of the company, the Japan Brewery Company, was founded in Yokohama in 1885 by William Henry Talbot and Edgar Abbott. In 1888, they launched Kirin Beer. In 1907, the business of JBC was inherited, and Kirin Brewery Company was established. In 2007, it became Kirin Holdings Company, a holding company, with Kirin Beer Company, Kirin Beverage Company, and Mercian Corporation as its main subsidiaries. As a result, the brewery division was taken over by the second incarnation of Kirin Brewery.

Kirin is a core member of the Mitsubishi Group.
United States Post Office (Arlington, Virginia)
US Post Office-Arlington is a historic post office building located in the Clarendon neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia. It was designed and built in 1937, and is one of a number of post offices designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is a one-story, pentagonal shaped brick building in the Georgian Revival style. Atop the entrance portico is a dome that rises above the buildings flat roof and is supported by four fluted limestone piers. The interior features murals by Auriel Bessemer picturing Native Americans on Analostan Island, Captain John Smith and the Native Americans, tobacco picking by the Lee mansion, Robert E. Lee receiving his Confederate commission in Richmond, a picnic at Great Falls, polo players at Fort Myer, and a contemporary harvest at an apple orchard.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 1986.

Louis A. Simon
Louis A. Simon FAIA (1867–1958) was an American architect. He spent almost his entire career with the Office of the Supervising Architect for the U.S. Treasury. He served as the last supervising architect from 1934 to 1939 and thereafter of the Public Buildings Branch of the Federal Works Agency until 1941. He was also principal architect for the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York.
Filoteia
Filoteia (Greek: Φιλώτεια, before 1922: Κουζούσιανη – Kouzousiani) is a village in Pella regional unit, Macedonia, Greece.

Filoteia had 647 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Filoteia was populated by Slavophones and a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek–Turkish population exchange. The Macedonian language was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private. A mosque used to exist in the village, later destroyed.

Pella (regional unit)
Pella (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Πέλλας) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the Region of Central Macedonia. It is named after the ancient city of Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia and the birthplace of Alexander the Great. The capital of Pella is Edessa with a population of 19,036 inhabitants according to the census of 2021, while the largest town is Giannitsa. Other towns  include Aridaia, Skydra, Arnissa, Exaplatanos and Krya Vrysi.
Open Live Writer
Open Live Writer (also known as OLW) is a free and open-source desktop blogging application released by .NET Foundation. It is a fork of Windows Live Writer 2012 by Microsoft. Open Live Writer features WYSIWYG authoring, photo-publishing and map-publishing functionality, and is currently compatible with WordPress.com, WordPress (hosted), and Blogger, with support for more platforms planned. The application's source code is available on GitHub under the MIT License.

WordPress.com
WordPress.com is a web building platform for self-publishing that is popular for blogging and other works. It is owned and operated by Automattic, Inc. It is run on a modified version of the WordPress software. This website provides free blog hosting for registered users and is financially supported via paid upgrades, "VIP" services and advertising.

While Automattic is among the many companies contributing to the WordPress project, neither it nor WordPress.com are affiliated with the WordPress software/project or the WordPress Foundation.
Niger at the Olympics
Niger has sent athletes to all Summer Olympic Games held since 1964 except for 1976 and 1980. Only twice has the country won an Olympic medal: Issaka Daborg, who won a bronze medal in light welterweight boxing in 1972, and Abdoul Razak Issoufou, who won a silver medal in men's +80 kg taekwondo in 2016. No athletes from Niger have competed in any Winter Olympic Games.

Taekwondo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's +80 kg
The men's +80 kg competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 20 August, at the Carioca Arena 3.

The medals for the competition were presented by Nicole Hoevertsz, Aruba, IOC member and the gifts were presented by Dr. Choue Chungwon, President of the World Taekwondo Federation.
Youlgreave
Youlgreave or Youlgrave listenⓘ is a village and civil parish in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, on the River Bradford 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) south of Bakewell. The name possibly derives from "yellow grove", the ore mined locally being yellow in colour.
The population in 1991 was 1,256; it is one of the largest villages in the Peak District National Park.

The village has three public houses (the George Hotel, Farmyard Inn and Bull's Head Hotel), and a British Legion club.

Royal British Legion
The Royal British Legion (RBL), formerly the British Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants, as well as representing them publicly.
Baron Robertson of Oakridge
Baron Robertson of Oakridge, of Oakridge in the County of Gloucester, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 29 June 1961 for the military commander Sir Brian Robertson, 2nd Baronet. He had previously served as Military Governor of the British Zone in occupied Germany from 1947 to 1949. The Robertson baronetcy, of Welbourn in the County of Lincoln, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 4 October 1919 for his father, Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1915 to 1918. As of 2014 the titles are held by the first Baron's grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 2009.

Oakridge, Stroud
Oakridge is a village in the civil parish of Bisley-with-Lypiatt, in the Stroud district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. The parish church is St. Bartholomew's Church. It is just on the outskirts of Stroud.

Oakridge consists of five hamlets; Oakridge Lynch, Far Oakridge, Waterlane, Bournes Green, and Tunley. Within Oakridge Lynch can be found the parish church of St. Bartholomew's, the nearby Oakridge Parochial School primary, the village Shop and Post Office, The Butchers Arms pub, and the Village Hall. The Butchers Arms is an 18th-century building with stone walls and oak beamed ceilings.

The Annual Oakridge Village Show is held on the first Saturday in September at the local recreation ground.