hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karkonosze University of Applied Sciences
The Karkonosze University of Applied Sciences (Polish: Karkonoska Akademia Nauka Stosowanych w Jeleniej Górze; KANS) is a public university in Jelenia Góra, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It was established on 1 July 1998 as Karkonosze College (Polish: Kolegium Karkonoskie), and has borne its current name since 2 May 2022.

This college is financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The educational aim of the college is to provide higher education to people who have no possibility of studying at far-removed academic centres, such as Wrocław.

Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
The Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Polish: Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego) in Poland was opened on 5 May 2006 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education, in replacement of several parts of the Ministry of Education and Science. The Minister of Science and Higher Education administers governmental activities in science and higher education and has a budget for scientific research provided by State funds. The Rada Nauki (Science Council) acts together with the Minister, in replacement of the Komitet Badań Naukowych (Science Research Council) which was closed in 2005. The headquarters of the ministry are located at ulica Wspólna 1/3, Warsaw.

As of 2025, the current Minister of Science and Higher Education is Marcin Kulasek.
Vance R. Huntley
Vance Rupert Huntley (June 10, 1911 – September 15, 1996) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Progressive Conservative party from 1952 to 1956.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Karl Struss
Karl Struss, A.S.C. (November 30, 1886 – December 15, 1981) was an American photographer and a cinematographer of the 1900s through the 1950s. He was also one of the earliest pioneers of 3-D films. While he mostly worked on films, such as F. W. Murnau's Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans and Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator and Limelight, he was also one of the cinematographers for the television series Broken Arrow and photographed 19 episodes of My Friend Flicka.

My Friend Flicka (TV series)
My Friend Flicka is an American children's Western television series. The series is based on the novel of the same name by Mary O'Hara and the 1943 film My Friend Flicka by 20th Century Fox. It was one of the first television series produced by TCF Television Productions (later 20th Century Fox Television and 20th Television). Though filmed in color, it was originally shown on CBS in black-and-white from February 10, 1956 until May 18, 1958. Only one season was produced, but was broadcast in syndicated reruns for many years, starting in September 1957 on NBC.
Desmognathus
Desmognathus is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders. They range throughout the eastern United States as far west as Texas, and north to southeastern Canada.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Wheatland, Virginia
Wheatland is an unincorporated community in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States located north of Purcellville and south of Lovettsville on Berlin Turnpike (VA 287). Originally located at the intersection of Berlin Turnpike and the Charles Town Pike (State Route 9), the present day road bed of Charles Town Pike lies south of its historical right of way so the village is just north of that intersection.

Lovettsville, Virginia
Lovettsville is a town in Loudoun County, located near the very northern tip of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. Settled primarily by German immigrants, the town was originally established in 1836.

As of the 2020 census, Lovettsville had a population of 2,694.
Edelgard Bulmahn
Edelgard Bulmahn (born 4 March 1951) is a German politician from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). She served as Member of the German Bundestag between 1987 and 2017. She was Federal Minister of Education and Research from 1998 to 2005. From 2013 until 2017 she was elected as one of the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag.

President of the Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag (German: Präsidentin des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsidentin; Präsident when the office is held by a man) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the president and before the chancellor.

The current office-holder is Julia Klöckner (CDU), who was elected during the first session of the 21st Bundestag on 25 March 2025.
Executive Residence
The Executive Residence is the central and most recognizable part of the White House complex, being the actual "house" part of the White House. This central building is home to the president of the United States and the first family. The Executive Residence was first constructed from 1792 to 1800. It primarily occupies four floors: the ground floor, the state floor, the second floor, and the third floor. The third floor was created in 1927 from attic space. A sub-basement with a mezzanine, created during the 1948–1952 Truman Reconstruction, is used for HVAC and mechanical systems, storage, and service areas.

Mezzanine
A mezzanine (/ˌmɛzəˈniːn/; or in Italian, mezzanino; mezzo means 'half' in Italian) is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below, or which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building. However, the term is often used loosely for the floor above the ground floor, especially where a very high-ceilinged original ground floor has been split horizontally into two floors.

Mezzanines may serve a wide variety of functions. Industrial mezzanines, such as those used in warehouses, may be temporary or semi-permanent structures. Mezzanines can be found in modern architecture as well.

In Royal Italian architecture, mezzanino also means a chamber created by partitioning that does not go up all the way to the arch vaulting or ceiling; these were historically common in Italy and France, for example in the palaces for the nobility at the Quirinal Palace.
1997 Winter Universiade
The 1997 Winter Universiade, the XVIII Winter Universiade, took place in Muju and Chonju (Jeonju), Jeonbuk province, South Korea. The snow sport events were held in Muju Resort in Muju. The ice events were held in Chonju, the provincial capital about 55 kilometers from Muju Resort.

On 6 July 1993 during the 1993 Summer Universiade in Buffalo, USA, FISU decided that South Korea would host the 1997 Winter Universiade. These were both the first winter multi-sport event and Universiade held in South Korea. The games were the largest sport event in South Korea in the 1990s, along with the 1999 Asian Winter Games.

Jeonju
Jeonju (Korean: 전주, Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕʌɲ.d͡ʑu], lit. 'Perfect region') is the capital and largest city of the state of Jeonbuk, South Korea. It is both urban and rural due to the closeness of Wanju County which almost entirely surrounds Jeonju (Wanju County has many residents who work in Jeonju). It is an important tourist center famous for South Korean cuisine, historic buildings, sports activities, and innovative festivals.

In May 2012, Jeonju was chosen as a Creative City for Gastronomy as part of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. This honor recognizes the city's traditional home cooking handed down over thousands of years, its active public and private food research, a system of nurturing talented chefs, and its hosting of distinctive food festivals.

Jeonju is a city with over 1,300 years of history and culture. The city has produced many scholars and has a developed publishing industry.
Monkton House, West Dean
Monkton House, West Dean, West Sussex is an English country house designed in 1902 by Edwin Lutyens for William Dodge James. It was extensively remodelled for his son, Edward James, in the 1930s. Working with Christopher Nicholson and Hugh Casson, and assisted by Salvador Dalí, James constructed what has been called "the only complete Surrealist house ever created in Britain". The collection of Surrealist art and furniture which James assembled at the house, much of it by Dalí himself, was "one of the largest and most important in the world". A private residence, Monkton is a Grade II listed building.

West Dean, West Sussex
West Dean is a village, Anglican parish and civil parish in the District of Chichester in West Sussex, England 5 miles (8 km) north  of Chichester on the A286 road  just west of Singleton. The parishes include the hamlets of Binderton and Chilgrove.

The civil parish has a land area of 6,136 acres (2,483 ha). The 2001 Census recorded 425 people living in 177 households, of whom 248 were economically active. The village is on the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath.

West Dean is in the Lavant Valley in the South Downs and has a Church of England parish church and one public house, The Selsey Arms. The church and most of the houses are built of flint, in most cases with brick quoins and window dressings.
Ray Lumpp
Raymond George Lumpp (July 11, 1923 – January 16, 2015) was an American professional basketball player.

Lumpp was born in Brooklyn and grew up in Queens.  He played college basketball for New York University, and was on the team that made it to the finals of the 1948 NIT tournament. Lumpp competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics as part of the American men's basketball team that won the gold medal. From 1948 to 1953 Lumpp played professionally for the NBA's New York Knicks, Indianapolis Jets, and Baltimore Bullets.  He averaged 12.7 points per game in his rookie season.

Following his basketball career, Lumpp served as athletic director of the New York Athletic Club and ran the club's annual track and field meet during the 1960s.  He later organized the Vitalis Olympic Invitational indoor meet held at the Meadowlands. He died in Mineola, New York in January 2015.

New York Athletic Club
The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York state.  Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members and two facilities: the City House, located at 180 Central Park South in Manhattan, and Travers Island, located in Westchester County. Membership in the club is by invitation only.

The club offers many sports, including rowing, wrestling, boxing, judo, fencing, swimming, basketball, rugby union, soccer, tennis, handball, squash, snooker, lacrosse and water polo.

The NYAC has tax status 501(c)(7) for Social and Recreation Clubs; in 2024 it claimed total revenue of $70,874,472, total giving of $659,245, and total assets of $92,426,900.
Strawberry Island (Lake Simcoe)
Strawberry Island is a 25-acre lake island in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. It used to be owned and operated by the Roman Catholic Congregation of St. Basil as a place of retreat. Pope John Paul II spent four days on the island in 2002. It is about a two hour drive north of Toronto. In 2007, the island was purchased by Trans America Group.

The island is also within the boundaries of Ramara Township and overall in Simcoe County.

Simcoe County
Simcoe County is a county and census division located in the central region of Ontario, Canada. The county is located north of the Greater Toronto Area, and forms the northwestern edge of the Golden Horseshoe. The county seat is located in Midhurst. The cities of Barrie and Orillia are geographically within Simcoe County, but are both politically independent single-tier municipalities.
Toyonobori
Michiharu Sadano (定野 道春, Sadano Michiharu; March 21, 1931 – July 1, 1998), known in sumo and professional wrestling as Michiharu Toyonobori (豊登道春, Toyonobori Michiharu) or simply by his shikona Toyonobori (豊登, Toyonobori; "Riser from Toyo"), was a Japanese professional wrestler and sumo wrestler.

Maple Leaf Pro Wrestling
Maple Leaf Pro Wrestling (MLP) is a Canadian professional wrestling promotion owned by Scott D'Amore. MLP is the spiritual successor to Maple Leaf Wrestling, a promotion run by Frank Tunney in Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the 1970s and 1980s. D'Amore (owner of Border City Wrestling (BCW), and former president of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) acquired the trademarks in 2024, and formally announced a revival of the brand on August 8 of that year.
Ipolito Fenukitau
Ipolito Fenukitau (born 22 July 1972) is a Tongan rugby union footballer. He has played over 10 times for the Tonga national rugby union team, including representing them at the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa and 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia. His usual position is at flanker.

Fenukitau made his debut for Tonga on 5 June 1993 in a match against a non-cap Scottish XV, in which he featured in the starting lineup. He played in three other matches that year; against Fiji, Australia and again against Fiji. In 1995 he played in two Tests against Japan, and was then included in the 1995 Rugby World Cup squad for South Africa, playing in two games against France and Scotland.

In 1998 he played for the Australian sevens team at the Commonwealth Games.

In 2002 he played two Tests for Tonga; against Fiji and Samoa, and the following year he was included in the 2003 Rugby World Cup squad for Australia, playing in all four pool games for Tonga.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
Kiriberiyakele Grama Niladhari Division
Kiriberiyakele Grama Niladhari Division is a  Grama Niladhari Division of the  Homagama Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 484F.

Kiriberiyakele is a surrounded by the  Godagama South, Kandanawatta, Pitipana North, Prasannapura, Mawathgama and Pitipana Town  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Western Province, Sri Lanka
The Western Province (Sinhala: බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnāhira Paḷāta; Tamil: மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Western Province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center.
Midas List
The Forbes Midas list is the annual ranking by Forbes magazine of the most influential and best-performing venture capital investors. Described by Kara Swisher as the "Oscars for venture capitalists in tech," the Midas List uses parameters that include the first-day market capitalization of IPOs and the opinions of a panel of experts.

The name alludes to the mythological King Midas, renowned for his ability to turn anything he touched into gold. Forbes partnered with venture capital fund TrueBridge Capital Partners to create the list from 2011 to 2016.

Kara Swisher
Kara Anne Swisher (/ˈkɛərə/ KAIR-ə; born December 11, 1962) is an American journalist. She has covered the business of the internet since 1994. As of 2023, Swisher was a contributing editor at New York Magazine, the host of the podcast On with Kara Swisher, and the co-host of the podcast Pivot.

In 2014, she co-founded Vox Media's Recode with Walt Mossberg. From 2018 to 2022, she was an opinion writer for The New York Times, before re-joining Vox Media. She has also written for The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post, and co-produced the All Things Digital conference, and the online publication All Things D.
Leo Berman
Leo Berman (October 21, 1935 – May 23, 2015) was an American businessman, military officer, and politician from Tyler, Texas, who was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 6 in Smith County from 1999 to 2013. He was first elected in the general election held in November 1998. In January 2011, Berman announced a challenge to Speaker Joe Straus of San Antonio for the presiding officer's position but subsequently withdrew from the race. Though Representative Warren Chisum of Pampa filed his candidacy for Speaker, Straus was handily re-elected to a second term in the leadership in January 2011.

Berman obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Southern Methodist University. He died in Tyler on May 23, 2015.

Pampa, Texas
Pampa (from the Quechua: pampa, meaning "plain") is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. Its population was 16,867 as of the 2020 census. Pampa is the county seat of Gray County and is the principal city of the Pampa micropolitan statistical area, which includes both Gray and Roberts Counties. Pampa is named after the Pampas Lowlands in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.

Pampa hosts the Top o' Texas Rodeo each year in July, which brings competitors from Texas and the surrounding states to Gray County. The White Deer Land Company Museum, which showcases ranching exhibits, is located in downtown Pampa.
Edenderry
Edenderry (/ˌiːdənˈdɛri/; Irish: Éadan Doire, meaning 'hill-brow of the oak wood') is a town in eastern County Offaly, Ireland. 55 km west of Dublin city centre, it is near the borders with Counties Kildare, Meath and Westmeath. The Grand Canal runs along the south of Edenderry, through the Bog of Allen, and there is a short spur to the town centre.

The R401 road from Kinnegad to the north and the R402 from Enfield to the east meet at the northeastern end of the Main Street. At the Grand Canal they split, with the R402 continuing westwards towards Tullamore and the R401 heads south to Rathangan and Kildare Town.

Rathangan, County Kildare
Rathangan (/ræˈθæŋɡən/; Irish: Ráth Iomgháin, meaning 'Iomghan's Fort') is a town in the west of County Kildare, Ireland. As of 2022, the population was 3,263. It is located 65 km (40 mi) from the centre of Dublin, and 14 km (8.7 mi) from Kildare, at the intersection of the R401, R414, and R419 regional roads. The Slate River and the Grand Canal run through the town. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Rathangan is situated beside the Bog of Allen, and is in close proximity to the lowlands of the Curragh.
Maniots
The Maniots (/ˈmæniəts/) or Maniates (Greek: Μανιάτες) is the traditional name for the native Greek inhabitants of the Mani Peninsula in the southern Peloponnese region of Greece. They have historically been known as Mainotes, and the peninsula as Maina.

In the early modern period, Maniots gained a reputation as fierce and proudly independent warriors, who engaged in piracy and blood feuds. They lived mainly in fortified villages and "tower houses" built as defenses against "Frankish" (see Frankokratia) and Ottoman invaders.

The Maniots claim to be descendants of the ancient Spartans and heirs to their militaristic culture. Modern observers noted Maniots' self-identification as warriors ready to "preserve their liberty" with arms. Genetic studies have identified the Maniots of Inner Mani as a population isolate within mainland Greece, showing substantial parental genetic continuity from antiquity and limited influence from medieval population movements.

Petrobey Mavromichalis
Petros Mavromichalis (Greek: Πέτρος Μαυρομιχάλης; 1765–1848), also known as Petrobey (Greek: Πετρόμπεης [peˈtrobe.is]), was a Greek general and politician who played a major role in the lead-up and during the Greek War of Independence. Before the war, he served as the Bey of Mani. His family had a long history of revolts against the Ottoman Empire, which ruled most of what is now Greece. His grandfather Georgios and his father Pierros were among the leaders of the Orlov Revolt.
Surgical airway management
Surgical airway management (bronchotomy) is the medical procedure ensuring an open airway between a patient's lungs and the outside world. Surgical methods for airway management rely on making a surgical incision below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract, bypassing the upper respiratory tract. Surgical airway management is often performed as a last resort in cases where orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation are impossible or contraindicated. Surgical airway management is also used when a person will need a mechanical ventilator for a longer period. The surgical creation of a permanent opening in the larynx is referred to as laryngostomy.
Surgical airway management is a primary consideration in anaesthesia, emergency medicine and intensive care medicine.

Surgical methods for airway management include cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
The Gullet
The Gullet is a narrow channel between the eastern extremity of Adelaide Island and the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, separating Hansen Island and Day Island and connecting the heads of Hanusse Bay and Laubeuf Fjord. This area was first explored in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot who, though uncertain of the existence of the channel, sketched its probable position on the charts of the expedition. The channel was first visited and roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. It was resurveyed and given this descriptive name in 1948 by members of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.