hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portuguese irregular forces in the Overseas War
In various theaters of operations in the Portuguese Colonial War arose at the outset the need to create various types of irregular forces to help the Portuguese Armed Forces.

These irregular forces were usually held at the local level of Theater of Operations and included various types in terms of origin and dependence: militias of white settlers, native militias and forces, foreign forces from exile, forces of ex-guerrillas, dependent forces the Civil Administration, forces dependent on the armed forces and forces dependent on the International and State Defense Police (PIDE).

Officially the totality of these forces was known by Auxiliary Forces. In Portuguese Guinea, General Spínola introduced the term African Force to designate the irregular forces composed of natives of the province.

In the theater of operations, the main irregular forces were as follows:

Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea (Portuguese: Guiné Portuguesa), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a Portuguese overseas province in West Africa from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as Guinea-Bissau.
Armando Borgioli
Armando Borgioli (19 March 1898 in Florence – 20 January 1945 in Milan-Modena train  near Codogno) was an Italian operatic baritone. He made his début in 1923, and appeared at Teatro alla Scala from 1927. In four seasons from 1931 he appeared at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Borgioli made studio recordings of Aida in 1928, where he sang opposite Giannina Arangi-Lombardi, and, in 1938, as Scarpia in Tosca with Maria Caniglia and Beniamino Gigli. Borgioli died when his car was bombed while driving to Parma to sing Marcello to Renata Tebaldi's first Mimi in La boheme. Also in the car was another baritone  who was injured, yet replaced him in the role with a bandaged nose.

Aida
Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's Metropolitan Opera alone, Aida has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, but Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz argues that the source is actually Temistocle Solera.
Anouer Taouerghi
Anouer Taouerghi (born 17 August 1983) is a Tunisian male volleyball player. He is part of the Tunisia men's national volleyball team. He competed with the national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. He played with CS Sfaxien in 2012 and competed with the club at the 2013 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.

Volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 13th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in London, United Kingdom from 29 July to 12 August 2012.

Russia won the gold medal in a 3–2 victory against Brazil.
2014 Tour of Turkey
The 2014 Tour of Turkey was the 50th edition of the Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey cycling stage race. It was held from 27 April to 4 May 2014, and was won by Adam Yates. British cyclist Mark Cavendish won four stages and the points classification.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Bell-Irving volcanic district
The Bell-Irving volcanic district is a volcanic field in the upper Bell-Irving River watershed of northern British Columbia, Canada. It is considered part of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, consisting of 14 volcanic centres. They comprise pillow lava and/or volcaniclastic rocks, which were possibly emplaced by alpine glaciovolcanic eruptions during the Pleistocene. The volcanic deposits were discovered between 1992 and 2004 but remained undescribed until 2006.

Glaciovolcanism
Glaciovolcanism is volcanism and related phenomena associated with glacial ice. The ice commonly constrains the erupted material and melts to create meltwater. Considerable melting of glacial ice can create massive lahars and glacial outburst floods known as jökulhlaups.
Fosi
The Fosi were a Germanic tribe. Tacitus, in his Germania mentions them as being neighbours of the Cherusci, and they suffered alongside the Cherusci in their downfall. He also noted that before their mutual downfall, the Fosi were less prosperous than the Cherusci. The two tribes, however, had been dependents in their prosperity, so they shared that same adversity on equal terms during their decline. The etymological origin of the name Fosi is not known with certainty. The name may derive from the proto-Germanic *fuhsaz, signifying "fox".

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
John Kershaw (writer)
John Hugh d'Allenger Kershaw (2 August 1931- 2 December 1993) was a British screenwriter and script editor. He edited the entire first season of the television program Bergerac, and contributed to other series, including Callan, Armchair Theatre, Special Branch, Armchair Cinema, Z Cars and The Bill and .

Z-Cars
Z-Cars or Z Cars (pronounced "zed cars") is a British television police procedural series centred on the work of mobile uniformed police and CID detectives in the fictional town of Newtown, based on Kirkby, near Liverpool. Produced by the BBC, it debuted in January 1962 and ran until September 1978.

Z-Cars ran for 801 episodes, of which fewer than half have survived. Regular stars included Stratford Johns (Detective Inspector Barlow), Frank Windsor (Det. Sgt. Watt), James Ellis (Bert Lynch), and Brian Blessed ("Fancy" Smith). Barlow and Watt were later spun into a separate series Softly, Softly.
Scouting in the East Midlands
Scouting activities can be found throughout the English region of the East Midlands. The largest number of Scouts and volunteer leaders in the region is linked to the Scout Association of the United Kingdom, while there is also a presence of traditional Scouting groups, such as the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association. The Scout Association administers the region through five Scout Counties, overseen by a regional commissioner, which largely follow the boundaries of the ceremonial counties they exist within although in Lincolnshire the former Humberside county is still used. There are also a number of Scouting clubs within Universities in the region which are affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation. Scouting organisations at every level of the hierarchy also own and operate campsites and activity centres in the area for the benefit of Scouts, Guides and other youth groups.

Traditional Scouting
Traditional Scouting is "old-fashioned" or "back to basics" Scouting in some form, often with an emphasis on woodcraft and scoutcraft activities. As a pluralist movement, there is no one set definition for the term, but most traditionalists share a common set of values and procedures. Traditionalists aim to return the Scout Movement to something approximating its original style and activities; rejecting the trend of modernizing the program in an attempt to widen its appeal and/or use the name "Scouts" for new programs for ever-younger children.

Baden-Powell traditionalists follow Robert Baden-Powell's model of Scouting from his book Scouting for Boys with some rejecting even Cubs and Rovers programs. Other Traditionalist oppose Baden-Powell like organizational structures being used outside of the original Boy Scouts.
Lung tumor
Lung tumors are  neoplastic lung nodules. These include:

Primary tumors of the lung/pulmonary system:

Bronchial leiomyoma, a rare, benign tumor

Lung cancer, the term commonly used to refer to carcinoma of the lung

Pulmonary carcinoid tumor

Pleuropulmonary blastoma

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung

Lymphomas of the lung.

Sarcomas of the lung.

Some rare vascular tumors of the lung

Non-lung tumors which may grow into the lungs:

Mediastinal tumors

Pleural tumors

Metastasis or secondary tumors/neoplasms with other origin:

Metastasis to the lung

Pleuropulmonary blastoma
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare cancer originating in the lung or pleural cavity.  It occurs most often in infants and young children but also has been reported in adults.  In a retrospective review of 204 children with lung tumors, pleuropulmonary blastoma and carcinoid tumor were the most common primary tumors (83% of the 204 children had secondary tumors spread from cancers elsewhere in the body). Pleuropulmonary blastoma is regarded as malignant. The male:female ratio is approximately one.
Polston
Polston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Polston as a Surname originated from Sussex in England and is thought to have come from the Old English Language meaning - 'By the Pool' (though this doesn't make much etymological sense). A more accurate theory, based on related surnames, would be Polston as an alternative spelling of Paulstown (cf. Ralston "Ralph's town" and Kingston "King's town"). This is supported by historical records of the alternative spellings of Paulstown, Ireland.

Andy Polston (born 1970), English footballer

John Polston (born 1968), English footballer

Ricky Polston (born 1956), American judge

John Polston
John David Polston (born 10 June 1968) is an English football coach and former professional footballer.

He was a defender who began his career with Tottenham, before notably playing for Norwich City where he featured in the Premier League and UEFA Cup. He later retired with a spell in the Football League with Reading.
Tumaba
Tumaba (also spelled Tumaapa or Tumapa), also known as Tumahaba was the second recorded ruler of the early Khuman dynasty in ancient Kangleipak (present-day Manipur). He succeeded the Khuman polity's founder, his father, Aalong. The traditional estimation of Tumaba's reign falls between 220 and 260 CE, a time when the previously cohesive Khuman–Luwang lineage broke up into distinct dynastic sovereignties.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Alice Masak French
Alice Masak French (June 29, 1930 – July 5, 2013) was an Inuk author who lived in Souris, Manitoba, Canada.  An Inuvialuk, she was born at Baillie Island in the Northwest Territories. Her work focuses on the experiences of Inuit women, and discusses the struggle to hold on to Native tradition. Her My Name is Masak (1976; translated into French as Je m'appelle Masak, 1979) is an autobiographical story about her youth in a boarding school, while The Restless Nomad (1992) continues the story up until she moves to Ireland.

Baillie Islands
The Baillie Islands (Inuvialuktun: Utkraluk) are located off the north coast of Cape Bathurst in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The group consists of one large and two smaller islands, and are named after George Baillie, Agent-General of the Crown Colonies.

The islands formed part of the area used by the Avvaqmiut, who are a branch of the Inuvialuit (Mackenzie Inuit).
Dream Music – The Movie Music of Tangerine Dream
Dream Music – The Movie Music of Tangerine Dream is a 1993 compilation album by Tangerine Dream featuring material from three of soundtrack albums for the films The Park Is Mine, Deadly Care and Dead Solid Perfect.

Deadly Care
Deadly Care is a 1987 American made for television drama film starring Cheryl Ladd and Jason Miller.

Deadly Care was director David Anspaugh's last television film before directing the Academy Award-nominated film Hoosiers.

The film featured an original score by the band Tangerine Dream.
Alfred Wesmael
Alfred Wesmael  (11 February 1832, in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode – 9 November 1905, in Nimy) was a Belgian professor of botany. His outstanding work in taxonomy saw him invited to become Visiting Professor at the University of Washington.

He worked as a répétiteur of courses in botany at the Ecole d’horticulture de Vilvorde, later being named director of the botanical gardens in Mons. At Mons he was also director of the Société d’Agriculture, d’Horticulture et de Zoologie. In 1867, with Daniel Rapin (1799–1882), he participated in plant collection activities in Switzerland.

His taxonomic findings were mainly published in the Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique. His treatment of the genus Populus was included in Candolle's "Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis".

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Jiangsu Free-Trade Zone
Jiangsu Free-Trade Zone (Chinese: 江苏自由贸易区), or China (Jiangsu) Pilot Free Trade Zone (abbreviated as Jiangsu FTZ, Chinese: 中国（江苏）自由贸易试验区) is a free trade zone located in Jiangsu Province, China, covering parts of Nanjing, Suzhou, and Lianyungang. It includes three main areas: the Nanjing Area, the Suzhou Area, and the Lianyungang Area, with a total area of 119.97 square kilometers.

Lianyungang
Lianyungang (simplified Chinese: 连云港; traditional Chinese: 連雲港; pinyin: Liányúngǎng) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives from Lian Island, the largest island in Jiangsu which lies off its coastline, and Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu, a few miles from the city center, and the fact that it is a port. The name can be literally translated as the Port Connecting the Clouds.

Lianyungang was home to 4.65 million inhabitants as of the 2020 census whom 1,210,767 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Haizhou and Lianyun counties. Lianyungang was known in the West as Haichow (Postal romanization), which means the City of Sea. Haichow was opened to foreign trade by the Qing imperial government in 1905.
Culinard
Culinard was a culinary school owned by Education Corporation of America.  It was opened in 2000 as part of the Birmingham, Alabama branch of Virginia College.  The second campus was opened with the establishment of the Jacksonville, Florida branch of Virginia College in  2009. Additional Culinard campuses operated at Virginia College campuses in Mobile, Alabama; Richmond, Virginia; Chattanooga, Tennessee, and Savannah, Georgia. This school shut down in December 2018 following Educational Corporation of America's shut down.

Culinard offered two 36-week educational programs: a Culinary Arts Diploma and a Pastry Arts Diploma. An online Culinary Arts associate degree is also available if certain criteria are met e.g. having already had formal training in culinary skills at a post-secondary level.

University of West London
The University of West London (UWL) is a public research university in the United Kingdom with campuses in Ealing, Brentford, and Reading, Berkshire.

The university has roots in 1860 when the Lady Byron School was founded, later Ealing College of Higher Education. In 1992, the then-named Polytechnic of West London became a university as Thames Valley University (TVU). 18 years later, after several mergers, acquisitions and campus moves, it was renamed to its current name.

The University of West London comprises nine schools: The Claude Littner Business School, the London Geller College of Hospitality and Tourism, the School of Computing and Engineering, London College of Music, the College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, the School of Law, the School of Human and Social Sciences, the School of Biomedical Sciences and the London School of Film, Media and Design.
Lisa Harper
Lisa Harper (born 1963) is a Christian author, bible educator, and speaker. She has written books and bible education study curricula, organized Christian women's conferences, and since 2022 hosted the podcast Back Porch Theology.

Denver Seminary
Denver Seminary is a private, evangelical Christian seminary with its main campus in Littleton, Colorado.

It includes a campus in Colorado, an extension campus in Washington, DC, and an online campus. It offers Masters programs in Arts, Divinity, and Theology, as well as a Doctorate in Ministry, along with counseling courses. In 2021, it enrolled over 1200 students from over 35 denominations.
Robert Buckle
Robert Bentley Buckle (6 January 1802 – 16 September 1893) was the Archdeacon of Dorset from 1836 to 1862.

Buckle was born on 6 January 1802, the fourth son of Edward Buckle of Sowerby, Yorkshire. He was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduating BA as 4th Wrangler in 1824. He was elected a Fellow of St John's in 1826. He was the Rector of Moreton, Dorset until 1836; and then of Upwey in the same county. He was also a Prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral.

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Sidney Sussex College (historically known as "Sussex College" and today referred to informally as "Sidney") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. The College was founded in 1596 under the terms of the will of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex (1531–1589), wife of Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, and named after its foundress. In her will, Lady Sidney left the sum of £5,000 together with some plate to found a new College at Cambridge University "to be called the Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College". Her executors Sir John Harington and Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent, supervised by Archbishop John Whitgift, founded the Protestant College seven years after her death.

Sidney Sussex is one of the smaller colleges at Cambridge, with its sister college being St John's College, Oxford. The student body comprises approximately 355 undergraduates, 275 postgraduates, and around 80 fellows.
Fecal coliform
A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium. Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Fecal coliforms are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts or similar surface agents, are oxidase negative, and produce acid and gas from lactose within 48 hours at 44 ± 0.5°C.  The term thermotolerant coliform is more correct and is gaining acceptance over "fecal coliform".

Coliform bacteria include genera that originate in feces (e.g. Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter). The fecal coliform assay is intended to be an indicator of fecal contamination; more specifically of E. coli which is an indicator microorganism for other pathogens that may be present in feces. Presence of fecal coliforms in water may not be directly harmful, and it does not necessarily indicate the presence of feces.

Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver in peroxisomes. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts.

Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon. In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid) are the major bile salts. The salts of their 7-alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are also found, with derivatives of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids accounting for over 90% of human biliary bile acids.
Mount Wynne
Mount Wynne is a 13,179-foot-elevation (4,017-meter) mountain summit located one mile west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated in eastern Kings Canyon National Park, 31 miles (50 km) northwest of the town of Lone Pine, 0.4 miles immediately east of Pinchot Pass, and 0.66 miles (1.06 km) south of Mount Pinchot, which is the nearest higher neighbor. Mt. Wynne ranks as the 116th highest summit in California. Topographic relief is significant as the south aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above the surrounding terrain in approximately one mile. The approach to this remote peak is made via the John Muir Trail. The first ascent of the summit was made in 1935 by a Sierra Club party.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
Robert L. Rasmussen
Robert L. "Bob" Rasmussen (born May 26, 1930 in Rio Vista, California), is a noted military artist; a retired Captain of the United States Navy; a former career naval aviator, primarily in the F-8 Crusader; a former member of the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, and former Director of the National Naval Aviation Museum at NAS Pensacola, Florida.

Rio Vista, California
Rio Vista (Spanish: Río Vista, meaning "River View") is a city in the eastern end of Solano County, California, in the Sacramento River Delta region of Northern California. The population was 10,005 at the 2020 census.