hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fully normalized subgroup
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is said to be fully normalized if every automorphism of the subgroup lifts to an inner automorphism of the whole group. Another way of putting this is that the natural embedding from the Weyl group of the subgroup to its automorphism group is surjective.

In symbols, a subgroup  is fully normalized in  if, given an automorphism  of , there is a  such that the map , when restricted to  is equal to .

Some facts:

Every group can be embedded as a normal and fully normalized subgroup of a bigger group. A natural construction for this is the holomorph, which is its semidirect product with its automorphism group.

A complete group is fully normalized in any bigger group in which it is embedded because every automorphism of it is inner.

Every fully normalized subgroup has the automorphism extension property.

Semidirect product
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the concept of a semidirect product is a generalization of a direct product. It is usually denoted with the symbol ⋉. There are two closely related concepts of semidirect product:

an inner semidirect product is a particular way in which a group can be made up of two subgroups, one of which is a normal subgroup.

an outer semidirect product is a way to construct a new group from two given groups by using the Cartesian product as a set and a particular multiplication operation.

As with direct products, there is a natural equivalence between inner and outer semidirect products, and both are commonly referred to simply as semidirect products.

For finite groups, the Schur–Zassenhaus theorem provides a sufficient condition for the existence of a decomposition as a semidirect product (also known as  splitting extension).
Yuri Ofman
Yuri Petrovich Ofman (Russian: Ю́рий Петро́вич Офман, born 1939) is a Russian mathematician who works in computational complexity theory.

He obtained his Doctorate from Moscow State University, where he was advised by Andrey Kolmogorov.
He did important early work on parallel algorithms for prefix sums and their application in the design of Boolean circuits for addition.

Parallel algorithm
In computer science, a parallel algorithm, as opposed to a traditional serial algorithm, is an algorithm which can do multiple operations in a given time. It has been a tradition of computer science to describe serial algorithms in abstract machine models, often the one known as random-access machine. Similarly, many computer science researchers have used a so-called parallel random-access machine (PRAM) as a parallel abstract machine (shared-memory).

Many parallel algorithms are executed concurrently – though in general concurrent algorithms are a distinct concept – and thus these concepts are often conflated, with which aspect of an algorithm is parallel and which is concurrent not being clearly distinguished. Further, non-parallel, non-concurrent algorithms are often referred to as "sequential algorithms", by contrast with concurrent algorithms.
White-throated caracara
The white-throated caracara (Daptrius albogularis), also known as Darwin's caracara, is a species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae, the falcons and caracaras. It is found in Argentina and Chile.

Falconidae
The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America during the Paleocene and is divided into three subfamilies: Herpetotherinae, which includes the laughing falcon and forest falcons; Polyborinae, which includes the spot-winged falconet and the caracaras; and Falconinae, the falcons and kestrels (Falco) and falconets (Microhierax).
Gottardi
Gottardi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Donata Gottardi, Italian politician

Eduardo Gottardi, Brazilian footballer

Giovanni Gottardi, Italian painter

Gottardo Gottardi, Swiss chess player

Guerino Gottardi, Italian footballer

Hugo Gottardi, Argentine footballer and coach

Jefferson Gottardi, Bolivian footballer

José Gottardi, Uruguayan Archbishop

Roberto Gottardi, Italian-Cuban architect

Vittore Gottardi (1941–2015), Swiss footballer

Vittorio Gottardi (born 18 March 1967), Swiss footballer

Giovanni Gottardi
Giovanni Gottardi (Faenza, 27 December 1733 - Rome, 1812) was an Italian painter, mainly of religious subjects.

He was active mainly in Rome, where he was a member of the Congregazione dei Virtuosi of the Pantheon. Some of his paintings were completed by his colleague Christopher Unterberger.  He painted Escape from Prison by St Peter for the church of Sant'Antonio Abate, Parma. He painted a Saints Augustine an Monica, and the Madonna of the Belt (1765) for the church of Sant'Agostino, Rome.
SMPTE 424M
SMPTE 424M is a standard published by SMPTE which expands upon SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 344M, and SMPTE 292M allowing for bit-rates of 2.970 Gbit/s and 2.970/1.001 Gbit/s over a single-link coaxial cable. These bit-rates are sufficient for 1080p video at 50 or 60 frames per second. The initial 424M standard was published in 2006, with a revision published in 2012 (SMPTE ST 424:2012). This standard is part of a family of standards that define a serial digital interface (SDI); it is commonly known as 3G-SDI.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
NForce 600
The nForce 600 chipset was released in the first half of November 2006, coinciding with the GeForce 8 series launch on November 8, 2006. The nForce 600 supports  Intel's LGA 775 socket and AMD's Quad FX platform and replaces the nForce 500 series.

Front-side bus
The front-side bus (FSB) is a computer communication interface (bus) that was often used in Intel-chip-based computers during the 1990s and 2000s.  The EV6 bus served the same function for competing AMD CPUs. Both typically carry data between the central processing unit (CPU) and a memory controller hub, known as the northbridge.

Depending on the implementation, some computers may also have a back-side bus that connects the CPU to the cache. This bus and the cache connected to it are faster than accessing the system memory (or RAM) via the front-side bus. The speed of the front side bus is often used as an important measure of the performance of a computer.

The original front-side bus architecture was replaced by HyperTransport, Intel QuickPath Interconnect, and Direct Media Interface, followed by Intel Ultra Path Interconnect and AMD's Infinity Fabric.
Governor of Burdur
The Governor of Burdur (Turkish: Burdur Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Burdur. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Burdur is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Burdur. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Burdur provincial police force and the Burdur Gendarmerie.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Monsieur Fabre
Monsieur Fabre is a 1951 French historical comedy film directed by Henri Diamant-Berger and starring Pierre Fresnay, Elina Labourdette and André Randall. It was produced by Diamant-Berger and Walter Futter. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Giordani. It was on 35mm film, in 1,37:1 format, with monophonic sound. It was released in France on 5 July 1951.

Jack Kirkland
Jack Kirkland (July 25, 1902 – February 22, 1969) was an American playwright, producer, director and screenwriter.

Kirkland's greatest success was the play Tobacco Road, adapted from the Erskine Caldwell novel.   His other plays included Frankie and Johnny, Tortilla Flat, Suds in your Eye, Mr. Adam, Man with the Golden Arm, and Mandingo.

Kirkland collaborated with Melville Baker on several screen projects including Zoo in Budapest (1933) starring Loretta Young and Gene Raymond, Now and Forever (1934) starring Gary Cooper, Carole Lombard and Shirley Temple, and The Gilded Lily (1935) starring Claudette Colbert, Fred MacMurray and Ray Milland.

Kirkland was married several times, including a marriage to actress and producer Haila Stoddard, and he had several children with several wives, one of whom was the ballerina Gelsey Kirkland.
John Kidgell
John Kidgell (1721/2–c.1780) was an English cleric and author. His involvement in 1763 in the Bute administration's efforts to counter the populist John Wilkes led to a public uproar, and he left the country, living abroad for the rest of his life.

Bute ministry
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, served as Prime Minister of Great Britain during 1762–1763. He was the first Tory prime minister since the Harley ministry during 1710–1714 though his ministry was largely made up of Whigs.

Bute resigned following fierce criticism of his signing of the Treaty of Paris with its perceived lenient terms for France and Spain despite Britain's successes in the Seven Years' War. The Bute ministry consisted largely of the same members as its successor, the Grenville ministry. George III favoured Bute, but could not keep him in government .
Paul Hughes (rugby league)
Paul Hughes is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played at club level for Stanley Rangers ARLFC, Featherstone Rovers, York City Knights, Dewsbury Rams, and Doncaster, as a hooker.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Lee Yoo-hyung
Lee Yoo-hyung (Korean: 이유형, 21 January 1911 – 29 January 2003) was a South Korean football player and manager. He has played for Japan national team and South Korea national team. He was part of South Korea's squad for the 1948 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches. He also played Kyungsung FC. He started coaching career before the Korean War. After the war, he managed South Korea national football team several times.

Kyungsung FC
Kyungsung Football Club was the Korean football club based in the city of Seoul.
The term Kyungsung (Keijō) was used instead of Seoul during the period of Japanese rule. After independence from Japan, the club revived and changed the name to Seoul FC in 1946. Due to the North Korean invasion, the club stopped operating.

When Korea was under Japanese rule, Kyungsung FC participated in Japanese Emperor's Cup and won the prize, becoming the only non-Japanese home islands club to win it.
Radical 36
Radical 36 or radical evening (夕部) meaning "evening" or "sunset" is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of three strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 34 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

夕 is also the 43rd indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

Evening
Evening is the period of a day that begins at the end of afternoon and overlaps with the beginning of night. It starts when the sun is close to the horizon and overlaps both twilight and night. The exact times when evening begins and ends are subjective and depend on location and time of year. In some cases, evening is considered to begin during daylight; before sunset.
Dzhigda
Dzhigda, also known as Jigda (Russian: Джигда) is a village in the center of the Ayano-Maysky District, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia along the Maya river. The village is connected by a small road and contains 79 buildings within its jurisdictional area. Dzhigda's total population, of mainly Russians and Evenks, as of 2022, is 230, after having steadily decreased from 1992's census of 432.

Evenki people
The Evenki, or Tungusy, are a Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 34,617 (2020 census). There are 537 Evenki in The Country of Mongolia (2015 census), called Khamnigan in the Mongolian language.
Sreten Jocić
Sreten Jocić (Serbian Cyrillic: Сретен Јоцић; born 24 October 1962), also known as Joca Amsterdam (Serbian Cyrillic: Јоца Амстердам), is a Serbian gangster from Velika Krsna who operated in the Netherlands. In June 2010 he was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment for the murder of Goran Marjanović in July 1995, and since 2013 he is serving his sentence in Zabela prison in Požarevac, Serbia.

In April 2016 Jocić sought damages against the state of Serbia for unlawful detainment in another murder investigation, the death of Croatian journalist Ivo Pukanić, for 60 million dinars (approximately €500,000). His trial in that case has already cost the state 11 million dinars in legal fees.

Serbian dinar
The dinar (Serbian Cyrillic: динар, pronounced [dînaːr]; paucal: dinara, динара; abbreviation: DIN (Latin) and дин (Cyrillic); code: RSD) is the currency of Serbia. The dinar was first used in Serbia in medieval times, its earliest use dating back to 1214. The dinar was reintroduced as the official Serbian currency by Prince Mihailo in 1868. One dinar was formerly subdivided into 100 para (пара). As of 10 February 2026, 1 US dollar is worth 98.66 Serbian dinars.
Myriopteris yatskievychiana
Myriopteris yatskievychiana is a small fern endemic to the Mexican state of Sonora. It is known only from a single collection. While superficially similar to golden lip fern, a widespread species in Mexico, differences in its coating of hairs and its small size make it distinctive. It is pinnate, with lobed pinnae covered on both sides with straight white hairs. One of the cheilanthoid lip ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes as Cheilanthes yatskievychiana until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. The type collection was made in a sycamore forest in a canyon.

Cheilanthoideae
Cheilanthoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae. The subfamily is understood to be monophyletic, but some of the genera as currently defined are not. Most species are xeric-adapted, and the subfamily is most diverse in dry areas.
Champagne Eyes
Champagne Eyes is the second EP by English electronic music duo AlunaGeorge. It was released on 5 October 2018. The album includes collaborations with Bryson Tiller, Cautious Clay, and Baauer. The lead single, "Superior Emotion", was released in September 2018, featuring vocals from singer Cautious Clay.

AlunaGeorge
AlunaGeorge was an English electronic music duo from London, consisting of singer-songwriter Aluna Francis and producer George Reid. Since 2020, the duo has been on indefinite hiatus, allowing both members to pursue solo projects.
Ghosts of Goldfield
Ghosts of Goldfield is a 2007 American supernatural horror film directed by Ed Winfield. This film music composed by Steve Yeaman. The film stars Kellan Lutz, Marnette Patterson, Mandy Amano, Scott Whyte, Chuck Zito and Ashly Margaret Rae in the lead roles. The film was originally intended to be a fourth installment of the Urban Legend film series, serving as a standalone sequel to Urban Legends: Bloody Mary (2005), however the title was abandoned due to licensing issues.

Chuck Zito
Charles Alfred Zito Jr. (born March 1, 1953) is an American actor, stuntman, celebrity bodyguard, and former outlaw biker. Zito was a member of the Hells Angels for 25 years and served as vice president of the New York City charter and president of the New York Nomads chapter. After entering Hollywood as a celebrity bodyguard, Zito was a film stuntman before finding a breakout acting role as mobster Chucky "the Enforcer" Pancamo on the HBO television series Oz (1997–2003), which he played for five seasons. He followed this up with numerous other "tough guy" roles, such as in Sons of Anarchy (2012). Zito has also been a ringside boxing reporter, professional wrestling manager, and radio personality.
CBC Ottawa Production Centre
The CBC Ottawa Production Centre is an office and studio complex that serves as the headquarters of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is located on Queen Street in the downtown core of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The building hosts the originating studios for both the CBC's English-language and French-language operations in the National Capital Region. The building was opened in 2004, and contains approximately 37,700 square metres (405,799 sq ft) of office space.

Queen Street, Ottawa
Queen Street is an east–west arterial road located in Downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The street is two-way with one to two lanes going in each direction. O-Train Line 1 runs underneath Queen Street.
Aleksandr Degtyarev
Aleksandr Degtyarev (born 26 March 1955) is a Soviet sprint canoeist who competed in the 1970s. He won a gold medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

Degtyarev also won a silver in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1974 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mexico City.

1974 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1974 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Mexico City, Mexico in neighboring Xochimilco. This marked the first time the championships took place outside Europe. As of 2009, all championships have taken place either in Europe or North America. The lake was where the canoeing and rowing events took place for the 1968 Summer Olympics.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eleventh championships in canoe sprint.
Lemon Wond Holt
Lemon “Rusty” Wond Holt (22 September 1904 – 12 March 1999), was one of the last surviving local-born members of the “Stonewall Gang” who frequented Waikiki Beach during the early 1900s. He would gather surgeonfish, sea urchins, seaweed and young coconuts for Queen Liliuokalani when she came to visit his grandmother, Mary Ann Wond Lemon, her classmate at the Royal School. He also knew Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, who sometimes took him tandem surfing on his koa longboard.

Royal School (Hawaii)
The Royal School is a historic school founded in 1839 in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, as the Chiefs' Children's School. The school was renamed as the Royal School in 1846. After the boarding closed in 1850, it became a day school for children. It later became a public elementary school, and moved to its present campus in 1967.

The present Royal Elementary School continues to educate children from kindergarten to Grade 5 and has been named a Blue Ribbon School several times.
Karşıyaka Ferry Terminal
Karşıyaka Ferry Terminal (Turkish: Karşıyaka İskelesi) is ferry terminal in Karşıyaka, İzmir on the Gulf of İzmir. Located along Cemal Gürsel Avenue, at the southern end of the Karşıyaka Çarşı, İzdeniz operates commuter ferry to service to Alsancak, Konak, Göztepe and Üçkuyular.

Karşıyaka Terminal was originally built in 1884, and promoted the growth of Karşıyaka's population. The existing terminal building was built in the 1940s-1950s.

Göztepe, Konak
Göztepe is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Konak, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,897 (2022). It is situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of İzmir. The neighborhood is also one of the eight quays of İzmir's urban ferry services operated by İzdeniz.

It is notable for its football club Göztepe S.K.

In Ottoman times, the alternative Greek name for Göztepe was "Enopi" and the area was a rich suburb inhabited principally by richer Greeks of İzmir.
Atholl Highlanders
The Atholl Highlanders is a Scottish private ceremonial infantry regiment. The regiment is not part of the British Armed Forces but under the command of the Duke of Atholl, and based at Blair Castle, Blair Atholl. Although it has no military role, the men are armed with 19th-century Lee–Metford rifles, and the regiment includes a pipe band. Around the size of an army company, they are now a tourist attraction at Blair Castle, taking part in annual parades.

It acted as the personal bodyguard to the dukes, chiefs of the Clan Murray, who lived in Perthshire for roughly seven centuries. Joining the Highlanders is by invitation from the duke, who selects men with ties to the estate or the local area. The current duke lives in South Africa, and has travelled to inspect the Highlanders at their annual parades. It has been described as the only legal private army in Europe.

Braemar
Braemar /breɪˈmɑːr/ ⓘ is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles (93 km) west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. It is the closest significantly-sized settlement to the upper course of the River Dee, sitting at an elevation of 339 metres (1,112 ft).

The Gaelic Bràigh Mhàrr properly refers to the area of upper Marr (as it literally means), i.e. the area of Marr to the west of Aboyne, the village itself being Castleton of Braemar (Baile a' Chaisteil in Scottish Gaelic). The village used to be known as Cinn Drochaid ('bridge end'); Baile a' Chaisteil referred to only the part of the village on the east bank of the river, the part on the west bank being known as Ach an Droighinn ('thorn field').
The Legend of Rita
Die Stille nach dem Schuss (literally The Silence after the Shot) is a 2000 German film that was released in English as The Legend of Rita (also sometimes referred to as Legends of Rita or The Legends of Rita or Rita's Legends). The film focuses on collusion between the East German secret police, or Stasi, and the West German terrorist group Red Army Faction (RAF). The fictional characters all have close parallels to real-life RAF members. The script was reportedly based on events in the life of Inge Viett.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.