hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antoine-Augustin Parmentier
Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (UK: /pɑːrˈmɛntieɪ, -ˈmɒnt-/, US: /ˌpɑːrmənˈtjeɪ/; French: [ɑ̃twan oɡystɛ̃ paʁmɑ̃tje]; 12 August 1737 – 13 December 1813) was a French pharmacist and agronomist, best remembered as a vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe.  His many other contributions to nutrition and health included establishing the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign in France (under Napoleon beginning in 1805, when he was Inspector-General of the Health Service) and pioneering the extraction of sugar from sugar beets. Parmentier also founded a school of breadmaking and studied methods of conserving food, including refrigeration.

Sugar beet
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris but is classified as var. saccharifera. Its closest wild relative is the sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima).

Sugar beets are grown in climates that are too cold for sugarcane. In 2024, Russia and  Germany were the two largest sugar beet producers contributing to a world total of 294 million tonnes. Sugarcane accounts for most of the rest of sugar produced globally.
Taki Dam (Fukushima)
Taki Dam (滝ダム) is a gravity dam on the Tadami River, 7.3 km (5 mi) east of Tadami in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Surveys for the dam were carried out in 1958, construction began in 1959 and the dam was complete in 1961. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 92 MW power station consisting of 2 x 46 MW Kaplan turbines. The dam is 46 m (151 ft) tall and 264 m (866 ft) long. It creates a reservoir with a 27,000,000 m3 (21,889 acre⋅ft) capacity, of which 10,300,000 m3 (8,350 acre⋅ft) is active (or "useful") for power generation. The dam's spillway is controlled by four sluice gates and has a 200 m3/s (7,063 cu ft/s) discharge capacity.

Kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.

The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not possible with Francis turbines. The head ranges from 10 to 70 metres (33 to 230 ft) and the output ranges from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres (6 ft 7 in and 36 ft 1 in). Turbines rotate at a constant rate, which varies from facility to facility. That rate ranges from as low as 54.5 rpm (Albeni Falls Dam) to 450 rpm.

Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow, low-head power production.
Assam (1947–1963)
Undivided Assam refers to the then undivided greater state of Assam in India soon after the Indian Independence in 1947 until 1963.  In addition to the present-day Assam, it included the current states of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram.  The capital of this state was Shillong, currently the capital of Meghalaya. Undivided Assam included five of the seven contiguous states of Northeast India—with Tripura and Manipur not being a part of it.

Prior to the Partition of India, Sylhet was a part of Assam.

Undivided Assam had a total area of 234,568 km2 (90,567 sq mi) which is slightly smaller than the nation of Ghana. The present day population of Undivided Assam would be 50 million which is slightly less than the population of South Korea.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
The Surrogate (1984 film)
The Surrogate is a 1984 Canadian erotic thriller film directed by Don Carmody and starring Art Hindle, Carole Laure, Shannon Tweed, and Jackie Burroughs. The film was written by Don Carmody and Robert Geoffrion, produced by Don Carmody and John Dunning, and executively produced by André Fleury and André Link. The film also features Jim Bailey, Michael Ironside, Marilyn Lightstone, Jonathan Welsh, Mark Burns and Vlasta Vrána. The music was composed by Daniel Lanois, the cinematography was done by François Protat, and the editing was done by Rit Wallis.

The film was released 2 November 1984 through Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).

Vlasta Vrána
Vlasta Vrána (born 1950) is a Czech-Canadian actor of stage, film, and television. He has appeared in over 285 films, television, and theatre productions, including voice roles, narration, and advertisements.
Speed skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 m speed skating competition was held on 11 February, the first day of competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The American Chad Hedrick, a former inline skater, began his quest to emulate Eric Heiden by taking five gold medals by racing a time of 6:14.68, 0.02 second behind the four-year-old Olympic record of Jochem Uytdehaage, which was enough to clinch gold. Dutchman Sven Kramer won the silver medal, 1.72 seconds adrift, while home skater Enrico Fabris claimed Italy's first medal by skating home the bronze in the last pair.

Eskil Ervik
Eskil Ervik (born 11 January 1975) is a Norwegian speedskater. Ervik's best distance is traditionally the 5000-m, where he for several years  was among the very best of the world, but his top priority for the most part of his career was to perform optimally in the allround championships. His retirement from top international speedskating was announced in April 2007.
FB Gulbene
FB Gulbene (formerly known as FB Gulbene-2005) is a Latvian professional football club based in Gulbene. The club plays its home matches at the Gulbenes Sporta Centrs stadium with capacity of 1,500 people. They were promoted to the Latvian Higher League for the 2015 season. However, on 3 June 2015, they were expelled from the top league and their results expunged on suspicion of match-fixing.

Latvian Second League
The Latvian Second League (Latvian: 2. līga or Otrā līga), known for sponsorship reasons as Altero.lv LIIGA since 2023, is the third tier of football in Latvia and is organised by the Latvian Football Federation.
De Schepper
De Schepper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cornelis de Schepper (born 1503?-1555), Flemish counsellor and ambassador for the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Ferdinand I of Austria and Mary of Hungary, governor of the Netherlands

Els de Schepper (born 1965), Flemish actress, comedian and writer

Kenny de Schepper (born 1987), French tennis player

Robert de Schepper (1885 – ?), Belgian Olympic fencer

Cornelis de Schepper
Cornelis de Schepper, Cornelis Duplicius de Schepper or Cornelius de Schepper (1503?-1555) was a Flemish mathematician, counselor and ambassador for the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Ferdinand I of Austria and Mary of Hungary, governor of the Netherlands. He is also known by his Latin name Scepperus.
Paulo Alexandre
Paulo Alexandre (16 February 1931 – 17 November 2024) was a Portuguese singer.

Alexandre started his artistic career in 1954 on National Radio. Together with António Sala they started Rossil records, Verde Vinho gained two gold discs in 1978 and 1979, before also being a big hit in Brazil also going gold.

In 2010, Paulo published the book "Duas Vidas numa Só", subtitled "Entre Cifrões e Canções", which includes accounts of his artistic career and also his successful career as a banker. The Compact Records released a CD with some of the most successful songs of the artist.

Alexandre died on 17 November 2024, at the age of 93.

CBS Records International
CBS Records International was the international arm of the Columbia Records unit of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (CBS) formed in 1961 and launched in 1962. Previously, Columbia Records had licensed other record companies to manufacture and distribute Columbia recordings outside North America, such as Philips Records and its subsidiary Fontana (now  part of the Universal Music Group) in Europe.
Fangzhougongyuan station
Fangzhougongyuan Station (Chinese: 方洲公园) is a station on Line 5 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu. It has been in use since June 29, 2021, when Line 5 first opened to the public.

Suzhou Metro
Suzhou Metro, previously known as Suzhou Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province, China. Line 1 began operation on April 28, 2012. Line 2 opened on December 28, 2013. A further three lines, and an extension of Line 2, were completed between 2016 and 2021. Line 11, connecting Kunshan city which is under Suzhou's administration, and beyond to the Shanghai Metro, was completed on June 24, 2023, and a further three lines were opened in 2024.

Daily ridership increased from 680,000 (2017 average) to 899,000 (2018 average) to 995,000 (2019 average) to 1.935 million (2025 average). Record ridership increased from 1,130,000 (30 April 2017) to 1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record).
2017 Australian Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Four-time defending champion David Wagner and his partner Andrew Lapthorne defeated Dylan Alcott and Heath Davidson in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2017 Australian Open.

Lucas Sithole and Wagner were the reigning champions, but Sithole did not participate this year, as he was ranked outside the world's top 3 and did not receive the event's wildcard.

Heath Davidson
Heath Arthur Davidson, OAM (born 9 May 1987) is an Australian wheelchair tennis player. Davidson is a four-time Australian Open doubles champion, all partnering Dylan Alcott. He has also won two Paralympic medals, a gold and silver in doubles at the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, respectively (both also partnering Alcott). He has been selected for the 2024 Paris Paralympics, his third Games.
Types and Programming Languages
Types and Programming Languages, written by Benjamin C. Pierce who is a Professor of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania is a computing book on type systems and programming languages. Types and Programming Languages was published in 2002 by MIT Press.

Since its publication, the book has become one of the most widely cited and influential texts in the field of programming language theory. It is frequently used as a graduate-level textbook in computer science programs around the world and has shaped the way type systems are taught in academic curricula.

A review by Frank Pfenning called it "probably the single most important book in the area of programming languages in recent years."

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Mordred, Bastard Son
Mordred, Bastard Son is a 2006 Arthurian fantasy novel by Douglas Clegg. It tells the story of a sympathetic Mordred, including a romance with Lancelot. The novel was nominated for a 2007 Lambda Literary Award.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Cindy Greiner
Cynthia Greiner (née Suggs; born February 15, 1957, in San Diego, California) is a retired female heptathlete and long jumper from the United States, who won the gold medal at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis, United States. She is a two-time U.S. champion (1984 and 1990). Greiner set her personal best (6300 points) in the heptathlon during the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

Greiner competed in the AIAW for the Oregon State Beavers track and field program, running on the 4 × 880 yards relay team with Kathy Weston that qualified for the 1980 AIAW Outdoor Track and Field Championships finals.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Miss Polonia 2009
Miss Polonia 2009 was the 35th Miss Polonia pageant, held at the White Factory in Łódź, Poland, on October 24, 2009.

The winner was Maria Nowakowska of Lower Silesia and she represented Poland in Miss Universe 2010. Top 5 finalist Beata Polakowska represented Poland at Miss Earth 2010. Top 10 finalist Żaneta Sitko represented the country at Miss International 2010.

White Factory
51°44′44″N 19°27′44″E﻿ / ﻿51.745539°N 19.46232°E﻿ / 51.745539; 19.46232

The White Factory (Polish: Biała Fabryka) is a classicist building in Łódź, Poland, constructed in 1835–1839 as part of a textile factory complex belonging to Ludwik Geyer. It currently hosts the Central Museum of Textiles and the Harnam Folk Dance Ensemble. It is considered an example of early industrial architecture in Łódź.
2021–2023 Stagecoach strikes
The 2021–2023 Stagecoach strikes were a series of labour strikes by Stagecoach Group bus drivers, cleaners and engineers across the United Kingdom, the first of which began in 2021. Represented by Unite the Union, the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) or the GMB, workers in over 20 different areas were involved in labour disputes with Stagecoach, with strikes being called in several of those areas.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Chebet
Chebet, also transliterated as Jebet and Chepet, is a surname of Kenyan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Beatrice Chebet (born 2000), Kenyan distance runner and Olympic gold medalist

Ben Chebet Kipruto (born 1982), Kenyan marathon runner based in Italy

Emily Chebet (born 1986), Kenyan runner and world cross country champion

Irene Chepet Cheptai (born 1992), Kenyan runner and world cross country medallist

Joseph Chebet (born 1970), Kenyan runner and winner of the 1999 Boston and New York Marathons

Peter Chebet (born 1974), Kenyan marathon runner

Ruth Chebet (born 1996), Kenyan-born long-distance runner for Bahrain

Wilson Chebet (born 1985), Kenyan professional road runner

Joseph Chebet
Joseph Chebet (23 August 1970 – 7 July 2023) was a Kenyan long-distance runner who was the winner of the 1999 Boston Marathon and the 1999 New York Marathon. He won in Boston in 1999 after losing to fellow Kenyan Moses Tanui the year before by only three seconds.
Night Life of New York
Night Life of New York is a 1925 American silent comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and written by Paul Schofield and Edgar Selwyn. The film stars Rod La Rocque, Ernest Torrence, Dorothy Gish, Helen Lee Worthing, George Hackathorne, and Arthur Housman. The film was released on August 3, 1925, by Paramount Pictures.

Edgar Selwyn
Edgar Selwyn (October 20, 1875 – February 13, 1944) was an American actor, playwright, director and producer on Broadway. A prominent figure in American theatre and film in the first half of the 20th century, he founded a theatrical production company with his brother, Archibald Selwyn, and owned a number of Selwyn Theatres in the United States. He transferred his talents from the stage to motion pictures, and directed a film for which Helen Hayes received the Academy Award for Best Actress. Selwyn co-founded Goldwyn Pictures in 1916.
Titty Hill
Titty Hill is a hamlet in the civil parish of Milland in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is close to a Roman way station or mansio on the Chichester to Silchester Way.

Because titty is a slang term for breast or nipple, Titty Hill has been frequently noted for its unusual place name.

Chichester District
Chichester is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the city of Chichester, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district includes the towns of Midhurst, Petworth and Selsey and surrounding rural areas, including many villages. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park, and Chichester Harbour is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 124,531.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Arun, Horsham, Waverley, East Hampshire and Havant.
Francesc Pi i Margall
Francesc Pi i Margall (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall; 29 April 1824 – 29 November 1901) was a Spanish federalist and republican politician and theorist who served as president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873. He was also a historian, philosopher, romanticist writer, and was also the leader of the Federal Democratic Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Pi was turned into a sort of secular saint in his time.

A disciple of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, his theoretical contributions left a lasting effect on the development of the anarchist movement in Spain.

Federal Democratic Republican Party
The Federal Democratic Republican Party (Spanish: Partido Republicano Democrático Federal, PRDF) was a Spanish political party founded in 1868 during the Glorious Revolution that was active until 1912. Its ideology was federal republicanism and progressivism.
1087 Arabis
1087 Arabis /ˈærəbɪs/ is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in 1927 and assigned the provisional designation 1927 RD. The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Arabis (rockcress).

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Eos cloud
The Eos Cloud is a dark molecular cloud of Hydrogen gas located just 94 parsecs from the Sun near the edge of the Local Bubble. The cloud has a small amount of carbon monoxide contained within it. It is predicted that in 5.7 million years, the Eos cloud will photoevaporate.

The cloud was discovered by Blakesley Burkhart and collaborators using H2 far ultraviolet fluorescent line emission. Its close proximity (one of the closest clouds to Earth) to Earth allows for easier observation of how these molecular clouds form and dissipate. Their findings were published in 2025; Burkhart initially found indications of the hydrogen cloud in data released from the Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS) instrument.

The cloud is named after Eos, the Greek goddess of the dawn.

Photoevaporation
Photoevaporation is the process where energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source.  The term is typically used in an astrophysical context where ultraviolet radiation from hot stars acts on clouds of material such as molecular clouds, protoplanetary disks, or planetary atmospheres.
Copestake Peak
Copestake Peak (54°15′S 36°46′W﻿ / ﻿54.250°S 36.767°W﻿ / -54.250; -36.767) is a peak rising to 655 metres (2,150 ft) on the south side of Neumayer Glacier, South Georgia. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Paul Goodall-Copestake, who was British Antarctic Survey biological assistant at Grytviken, 1980–82, and Station Commander at Bird Island, 1982–83.

Bird Island, South Georgia
Bird Island (Spanish: Isla Pájaro) is 4.8 kilometres (3 mi) long and 800 metres (875 yd) wide, separated from the western end of South Georgia by Bird Sound. It is part of the British overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, also claimed by Argentina as part of Tierra del Fuego province.
Donna Pescow
Donna Gail Pescow (born March 24, 1954) is an American film and television actress and director known as Annette in Saturday Night Fever, Angie Falco-Benson in Angie, Donna Garland in Out of This World and Eileen Stevens in Even Stevens.

Philly (TV series)
Philly is an American legal drama television series created by Steven Bochco and Alison Cross, which starred Kim Delaney as defense attorney Kathleen Maguire. The series aired on ABC from September 25, 2001 to May 28, 2002, broadcasting 22 episodes before it was canceled due to low ratings.