hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James (novel)
James is a novel by author Percival Everett published by Doubleday in 2024. The novel is a reimagining of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain but narrated by Huckleberry's friend on his travels, the fugitive slave Jim, rather than by Huck, as in the original. The novel won the 2024 Kirkus Prize, the National Book Award for Fiction, and the 2025 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

Kirkus Prize
The Kirkus Prize is an American literary award conferred by the book review magazine Kirkus Reviews. Established in 2014, the Kirkus Prize bestows US$150,000 annually. Three authors are awarded US$50,000 each, divided into three categories: Fiction, Nonfiction, and Young Readers' Literature. It has been described as one of the most lucrative prizes in literature.
Anthicus sacramento
Anthicus sacramento, the Sacramento anthicid beetle or Sacramento beetle, is a species of ant-like flower beetle that is endemic to California in the United States. It can be found in sand dune areas along the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers from Shasta to San Joaquin counties, and from the Feather River at Nicolaus. It is threatened by riverside development, canalization and river drainage.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Pholoe Painter
The Pholoe Painter was an ancient Corinthian vase painter in the black-figure style; his real name is unknown. He was active during the Middle Corinthian period (c. 600–575 BC) and specialised in decorating skyphoi.

He is named after a skyphos with an image of Herakles in the cave of Pholos, combating several centaurs. The work is dated to about 580 BC. It was discovered in Corinth and acquired by the Louvre in 1884.

Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.
The Rock, New South Wales
The Rock is a town with a population of 1,347, in the Riverina region of southern New South Wales, Australia, in Lockhart Shire. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of Wagga Wagga, on the Olympic Highway.

The town is named after the large rocky hill overlooking it, now called The Rock Hill but called Yerong in the local indigenous language. The reserve that includes The Rock Hill is an attraction for bush-walking, rock-climbing and the observation of wildlife. It is also an Aboriginal sacred site, called Kengal.

Albury & District Football League
The Albury & District Football League was established at a delegates meeting in Culcairn in 1930 from the following Australian Rules Football clubs – Albury Rovers, Culcairn, Henty and Holbrook and folded after the 1957 football season.
Ritual Spirit
Ritual Spirit is an EP by British trip hop collective Massive Attack, released on 28 January 2016. It features trip hop artist Tricky for the first time since the release of Protection in 1994, and also features Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers, London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel.

Protection (Massive Attack album)
Protection is the second studio album by English electronic music group Massive Attack, released on 26 September 1994 by Wild Bunch Records and Circa. DJ Mad Professor remixed the album in 1995 under the name No Protection.
Groß Düben
Groß Düben (Upper Sorbian: Dźěwin, pronounced [ˈdʒɪwʲin]) is a municipality in the district Görlitz, Saxony, Germany.

The municipality is part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony. Upper Sorbian has an official status next to German, all villages bear names in both languages.

Görlitz (district)
Görlitz district (German: Landkreis Görlitz; Upper Sorbian: Wokrjes Zhorjelc [ˈwɔkʁʲɛs ˈzhɔʁʲɛlts]; Czech: Zemský okres Zhořelec; Polish: Powiat Zgorzelec) is a district (Kreis) in Saxony, and the easternmost in Germany. It is named after its capital Görlitz. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the district of Bautzen, the state of Brandenburg, Poland and the Czech Republic.
Relax–GAM
Relax–GAM Fuenlabrada (UCI Code: REG) was a professional cycling team based in Spain. It participated in UCI Europe Tour and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events.

In 2006, Relax-Gam received a wild card invitation from the organisers to participate in the Vuelta a España. For the 2007 season, Relax have signed Francisco Mancebo and Santiago Pérez to lead the team.

Francisco Mancebo
Francisco Mancebo Pérez (born 9 March 1976) is a Spanish professional cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Matrix Powertag. He initially rode for team Illes Balears–Banesto, but moved to AG2R Prévoyance in 2006.

Mancebo is a stage race specialist, with good climbing and individual time trial performances. He was the winner of the Spanish National Road Race Championships in 2004, and finished third in the Vuelta a España. He finished sixth in the 2004 Tour de France and fourth in the 2005 Tour de France. He also won a stage of the 2005 Vuelta a España and finished fourth in the general classification.
Pradeep Gandhi
Pradeep Gandhi (born 26 December 1964) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.

He was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India, representing the Rajnandgaon constituency of Chhattisgarh. He was member of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly in 2004.

He is married to Mrs Keerti Gandhi and has two sons and one daughter.

Rajnandgaon
Rajnandgaon is a city in Rajnandgaon District, in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. As of the 2011 census the population of the city was 163,122. Rajnandgaon district came into existence on 26 January 1973, as a result of the division of Durg district.
Canal Bridge
A canal bridge is another term for a navigable aqueduct.

The following navigable aqueducts are sometimes called by the name Canal Bridge:

The Hood Canal Bridge in Washington

The Ship Canal Bridge in Seattle, Washington

The Charles River Dam Bridge in Boston, Massachusetts

The Canal Bridge near Radcot Bridge, Oxfordshire, England

The Elbe Canal Bridge in Magdeburg, Germany

A roving bridge is a bridge design that accommodates a canal's towpath changing banks.

Ship Canal Bridge
The Ship Canal Bridge is a double-deck steel truss bridge that carries Interstate 5 (I-5) over Seattle's Portage Bay (part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, after which it is named) between Capitol Hill and the University District. The canal below connects Lake Union with Lake Washington.  Construction was completed in 1961 and the bridge opened to traffic on December 18, 1962. It is 4,429 ft (1,350 meters) long, stands 182 feet above the canal and is 119 feet wide at the upper deck. It was the largest bridge of its kind in the Northwest when it first opened. The bridge is double-decked, with the upper deck carrying traffic in both directions and the lower deck (the express lanes) carrying traffic southbound in the morning and northbound in the afternoon.

Other nearby bridges include University Bridge, Montlake Bridge, and George Washington Memorial Bridge (the Aurora Ave. bridge).
2018 Open Sud de France
The 2018 Open Sud de France was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 31st edition of the Open Sud de France, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2018 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Arena Montpellier in Montpellier, France, from February 5 to February 11, 2018.

Lucas Pouille
Lucas Pouille (French pronunciation: [lykɑ puj], born 23 February 1994) is a French inactive professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 10, achieved on 19 March 2018 and a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 79, achieved on 11 April 2016. He has won five singles titles on the ATP Tour and was on the winning French Davis Cup team in 2017. He won the decisive match against Steve Darcis for the title.
Mporokoso Group
The Mporokoso Group is the name given to a sedimentary succession of fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian sandstones and minor siltstones occurring on the Bangweulu Block of northern Zambia.

The group ia between 1.8 Ma and 1.1 Ma in age, and consists of four stratigraphic units, the Lower Quartzite, the Lower Shale, the Upper Quartzite, and the Upper Shale. The group extends into Tanzania as the Kasanga Beds.

The group forms part of the regionally defined Muva Supergroup which occurs also in the Irumide Belt of Zambia.

Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for production to be economical.

Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
Kampi Ya Samaki
Kampi Ya Samaki is a settlement in Kenya's Baringo County, located on the shore of Lake Baringo.
The name  Ya Samaki is Swahili for 'fish camp'.  Kampi ya  is a landing bay for fishermen and also provides a market for their fish. The population of Kampi Ya Samaki are primarily from the Arror subtribe of the Tugen.

Tugen people
The Tugen are a Southern Nilotic sub-tribe of the Kalenjin people, falling under the highland Nilotes category. They primarily occupy Baringo County and parts of Nakuru and Elgeyo Marakwet Counties in the former Rift Valley Province. The Tugen population was officially recorded as 197,556 in the 2019 Kenya Census. The community is further divided into distinct sections, including the Arror (North Baringo), Samor (Central Baringo), and the Endorois. Daniel arap Moi, the second & longest serving president of Kenya (1978–2002), was a prominent member of this sub-tribe. They speak the Tugen language, a member of the Kalenjin dialect cluster that is closely related to Kipsigis and Nandi.
West African Development Bank
The West African Development Bank - WADB (fr. Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement - BOAD / pt. Banco de Desenvolvimento do Oeste Africano - BDOA) was established in 1973 to serve the nations of Francophone and Lusophone West Africa.  The BOAD is organised by the Central Bank of West African States and its eight member governments: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.  It is funded by member states, foreign governments and international agencies.  Its headquarters are in Lomé, Togo.

Central Bank of West African States
The Central Bank of West African States (French: Banque centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union.

The BCEAO is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
Richard Stevens (Falkland Islands politician)
Richard James Stevens (born 1955) is a British-born Falkland Islands teacher and politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Camp constituency from 2005 until 2009. Stevens was elected as a Member of the Legislative Council, which was reconstitution into the Legislative Assembly with the implementation of the 2009 Constitution.

Stevens was born in Devon and grew up in Kent before moving to the Falkland Islands in 1977 to work as a teacher. In 1984 he married Toni with whom he bought a farm in San Carlos.

He was first elected to the Legislative Council in 1993, but lost his seat four years later. Stevens returned to the Legislative Council at the 2005 general election, but again lost his seat in the 2009 general election.

San Carlos, Falkland Islands
San Carlos is a settlement in northwestern East Falkland, lying south of Port San Carlos on San Carlos Water. It is sometimes nicknamed "JB" after a former owner, Jack Bonner.
The settlement consists of a number of properties including a dwelling with a small cafe which also provides craft facilities. As noted in the history section, there is a small museum that pays homage to the Falklands Conflict as well as local nature and culture.
World Racing
World Racing is a racing simulation video game developed by the German company Synetic GmbH and published by TDK Mediactive Europe. The game was released in 2003 for Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube, and only the Xbox version was released in North America. The game mainly focuses on Mercedes-Benz cars and was known during development as Mercedes-Benz World Racing. A sequel, World Racing 2, was released in 2005.

TDK Mediactive
TDK Mediactive was a brand name given to two multimedia divisions of Japanese multinational electronics company TDK; the first - TDK Mediactive Europe was a subsidiary of  TDK Recording Media Europe that dealt with the distribution of music DVDs and the publication of video games and software, while the other - TDK Mediactive, Inc. was solely a video game publisher and a rebranding of developer/publisher Sound Source Interactive. Both companies were unaffiliated with one another in management aside from licensing each other's titles for each market they operated under, and went their separate ways following changes in ownership.
CFRK-FM
CFRK-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 92.3 FM in Fredericton, New Brunswick owned by Stingray. The station airs a country format branded as New Country 92.3.

Based on the current format, CFRK competes with CKHJ who is predominantly an AM only station.

The station is the originating station for Weekend Country Heat, which is a Saturday evening program syndicated to most other Stingray country stations across Canada. Weekend Country Heat is hosted by station Program Director John Riordon, who is a former host of The Early Show on CFRK weekday mornings. The present morning host is Dave Lawrence. Middays are anchored by the syndicated Paul McGuire Show, Shilo Bellis hosts afternoons, and The Casey Clarke show fills evening hours.

Paul McGuire (television host)
Paul McGuire (born in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a radio and television presenter based in Canada.

He has primarily worked with Canadian television networks, beginning with YTV. He most prominently served as a presenter for country music channel CMT—where he hosted the Chevrolet Top 20 Countdown among other programs. At the 2016 CMA Awards, McGuire won a special recognition award for International Broadcaster of the Year. In 2017, he joined a multi-channel network run by Canadian music publisher Ole to produce and host music-related content on YouTube.

McGuire currently works for Stingray Radio, hosting The Paul McGuire Show—a midday show which is syndicated across Stingray's country stations. In 2022, he began co-hosting afternoons on Stingray's CFXJ-FM in Toronto. In September 2024, he began hosting mornings with that station's flip to country.
Null semigroup
In mathematics, a null semigroup (also called a zero semigroup) is a semigroup with an absorbing element, called zero, in which the product of any two elements is zero. If every element of a semigroup is a left zero then the semigroup is called a left zero semigroup; a right zero semigroup is defined analogously.

According to A. H. Clifford and G. B. Preston, "In spite of their triviality, these semigroups arise naturally in a number of investigations."

Alfred H. Clifford
Alfred Hoblitzelle Clifford (July 11, 1908 – December 27, 1992) was an American mathematician born in St. Louis, Missouri who is  known for Clifford theory and for his work on semigroups. He did his undergraduate studies at Yale and his PhD at Caltech, and worked at MIT, Johns Hopkins (as Associate Professor), and later, in 1955, Tulane University (as Professor of Mathematics and Head of Sophie Newcomb College).

The Alfred H. Clifford Mathematics Research Library at Tulane University is named after him.
Tribute (Right On)
"Tribute (Right On)" is the debut single by English group the Pasadenas, from their 1988 debut album To Whom It May Concern. The song was a hit, reaching No. 1 in the Netherlands and Belgium, No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 26 in Germany, No. 14 in France and No. 45 in New Zealand. In the U.S., the song peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 8 on the R&B chart, and No. 27 on the Dance Club Songs chart.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Charles Horace Watkins
Charles Horace Watkins (1887–1976) was an inventor and aviation pioneer who built the first engine-powered aeroplane in Wales, a red monoplane called the Robin Goch (Welsh for "Red Robin").

Watkins was born in 1887 to Samuel and Lydia (Dutton) Watkins of Cardiff. He designed and constructed a small monoplane between 1907–09 at Maindy in Cardiff and claimed he flew the plane over short distances in 1910, followed by longer flights later, although none of these claims have official verification. As William Frost's own flight at Saundersfoot in 1896 was never officially recorded, then Watkins effort may have been the first official heavier-than-air flight in Wales. The plane is now preserved at the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea.

National Waterfront Museum
The National Waterfront Museum, Swansea or NWMS (Welsh: Amgueddfa Genedlaethol y Glannau) is a museum in Swansea, Wales, forming part of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales. It is an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Whitehall Accord
The Whitehall Accord (French: Traité de Whitehall) was agreed on 19 February 1793 by Henry Dundas and signed on 25 February 1793. It was an agreement between the Kingdom of Great Britain and French counter-revolutionary colonists from the French possessions of Saint-Domingue, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The treaty allowed them to maintain ownership of their slaves and properties (slavery was later abolished by the French government on 4 February 1794), while the British were allowed to occupy Guadeloupe and Martinique to prevent the French revolutionary forces from occupying the islands. The postwar status of Saint Domingue was left open, while Martinique and Guadeloupe were to be returned to a restored French monarchy.

It was signed by Henry Dundas for the British, and French émigrés and monarchists Pierre Victor, baron Malouet (Saint-Domingue), Louis de Curt (Guadeloupe), Ignace-Joseph-Philippe de Perpigna and Louis-François Dubuc (Martinique).

Émigré
An émigré (French: [emigʁe]) is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb émigrer meaning "to emigrate".
Views on military action against Iran
Military action against Iran is often deemed a controversial topic. Proponents of a strike against Iran point to the threat presented by Iran's nuclear program as a casus belli. Many Israelis, and particularly hardline politicians such as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, American neoconservatives, Iranian dissidents (monarchists, Mojahedin-e-Khalq, separatists) support military action to stop Iran's nuclear program or overthrow the regime in Iran.

John Zogby
John J. Zogby (born September 3, 1948) is an American public opinion pollster, author, and public speaker. He is founder of the Zogby poll, and the Zogby International poll. Besides his profile in politics, he has also become a figure in popular culture, and he is the subject of a 2024 documentary, "People, Not Numbers," based on his working principle, "I poll people, not numbers."
Lehr Sultanpur
Lehr Sultanpur is a village and union council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil. The village is actually composed of four smaller villages: Khoti, Dhoak Jalap/Warra, Lehr and Sultanpur. The population belongs to Mirza/Mughal and Janjua Rajput, Jalap tribes.

Chakwal District
Chakwal District (Urdu: ضلع چکوال) is a district located on the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the northwestern area of the Punjab province, bordered by Talagang to its west, Rawalpindi to its northeast, Jhelum to its east. The district was created out of parts of Jhelum and Attock in 1985.
Howard Heys
Howard M. Heys is a cryptographer, a retired professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Memorial University of Newfoundland. His research includes the design and analysis of stream and block ciphers and efficient hardware implementations of them; he participated in the design of CAST-256 and has published cryptanalyses of such block ciphers as RC5 and CIKS-1. He has served twice as co-chair of the Selected Areas in Cryptography workshop: with Carlisle Adams in 1999, and with Kaisa Nyberg in 2002.

Heys received his Ph.D. in 1994 from Queen's University. He lives in St. John's, Newfoundland with his wife and two children.

RC5
In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, According to Ron Rivest, RC stands for "Ron's Code" but its documentation gives only RC5 as its name. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) candidate RC6 was based on RC5.
Kinistino (Saskatchewan provincial electoral district)
Kinistino was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in north-central Saskatchewan, it was centred on the town of Kinistino. This constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905.

Dissolved and combined with the Melfort riding in 1971, the district was reconstituted before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975. It was dissolved again in 1995 into Saskatchewan Rivers, Melfort-Tisdale, Humboldt and a small part to Prince Albert Carlton.

It is now part of the constituencies of Batoche, Melfort, and Saskatchewan Rivers.

Kinistino
Kinistino /kɪˈnɪstɪnoʊ/ is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Kinistino is situated in north-central Saskatchewan. It lies on rich agricultural soil in the valley of the Carrot River, which flows a mile east of the town.
Kinistino is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Melfort on Highway 3 and 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Prince Albert.