hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Titanium butoxide
Titanium butoxide is a metal alkoxide with the formula Ti(OBu)4 (Bu = –CH2CH2CH2CH3). It is a colorless odorless liquid although aged samples can appear yellowish.  Owing to hydrolysis, samples have a weak alcohol-like odor. It is soluble in many organic solvents. Decomposition in water is not hazardous, and therefore titanium butoxide is often used as a liquid source of titanium dioxide, which allows deposition of TiO2 coatings of various shapes and sizes down to the nanoscale.

Titanium butoxide is often used to prepare titanium oxide materials and catalysts.

Butyl group
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula −C4H9, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane.

The isomer n-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups:

If it connects at one of the two terminal carbon atoms, it is normal butyl or n-butyl: −CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 (preferred IUPAC name: butyl)

If it connects at one of the non-terminal (internal) carbon atoms, it is secondary butyl or sec-butyl: −CH(CH3)−CH2−CH3 (preferred IUPAC name: butan-2-yl)

The second isomer of butane, isobutane, can also connect in two ways, giving rise to two additional groups:

If it connects at one of the three terminal carbons, it is isobutyl: −CH2−CH(CH3)2 (preferred IUPAC name: 2-methylpropyl)

If it connects at the central carbon, it is tertiary butyl, tert-butyl or t-butyl: −C(CH3)3 (preferred IUPAC name: tert-butyl)
Hurdle
A hurdle (UK English, limited US English) is a moveable section of light fence. In the United States, terms such as "panel", "pipe panel" or simply "fence section" are used to describe moveable sections of fencing intended for agricultural use and crowd control; "hurdle" refers primarily to fences used as jumping obstacles for steeplechasing with horses or human track and field competition.

Traditional hurdles were made from wattle, but modern designs for fencing are now frequently made of metal. They are used for handling livestock, as decorative fencing, for steeplechasing and in the track and field event of hurdling and shuttle hurdle relay.

Jumping
Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory. Jumping can be distinguished from running, galloping and other gaits where the entire body is temporarily airborne by the relatively long duration of the aerial phase and high angle of initial launch.

Some animals, such as the kangaroo, employ jumping (commonly called hopping in this instance) as their primary form of an locomotion, while others, such as frogs, use it only as a means to escape predators. Jumping is also a key feature of various activities and sports, including the long jump, high jump and show jumping.
1940 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1940.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
HMS Diadem
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Diadem, after the diadem, a type of crown:

HMS Diadem (1782) was a 64-gun third rate ship of the line launched in 1782.  She became a troopship in 1798 and was broken up in 1832.

HMS Diadem (1801) was a 14-gun sloop launched as Diadem in 1798 that the Admiralty purchased in 1801 and renamed HMS Falcon in 1802. The Admiralty sold her in 1816. Her buyers renamed her Duke of Wellington. She was wrecked at Batavia in 1820.

HMS Diadem (1856) was a wooden screw frigate launched in 1856 and sold in 1875.

HMS Diadem (1896) was a Diadem-class protected cruiser, launched in 1896 and sold in 1921.

HMS Diadem (84) was a Dido-class light cruiser launched in 1942. The British Government sold her to the Pakistani Navy in 1956, who renamed her Babur in 1957 and Jahangir in 1982. She left service in 1985.

See also

Diadem (ship)

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.
Esclavo y amo
"Esclavo y amo" (English: "Slave and master") is a song written by Mexican songwriter José Vaca Flores and originally recorded by Ranchera singer Javier Solís for his 1962 album El Peor De Los Caminos and also released as a single in 1962 alongside El loco. The song, which was Vaca Flores' first hit as a songwriter and also became one of Solis' most emblematic songs, would eventually become a standard of the Mexican popular repertoire.

The lyrics are about a man who is deeply infatuated with a woman, who makes him feel both "slave and master of the universe".

Ranchera
Ranchera (pronounced [ranˈtʃeɾa]) or canción ranchera is a genre of traditional music of Mexico. It dates to before the years of the Mexican Revolution. Rancheras today are played in the vast majority of regional Mexican music styles. Drawing on rural traditional folk music, the ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period.
Depo Station
Depo Station is a railway station serving the neighbourhood of Zasulauks in the district of Kurzeme in Riga, Latvia. The station is located on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway which connects Riga with Tukums. It's the location of Zasulauka depo (a motive power depot), which gave the station the name.

Tukums
Tukums (pronunciationⓘ; German: Tuckum; Livonian: Tukāmō) is a town in Latvia which serves as the administrative center of Tukums Municipality. It is located in the eastern part of the historical region of Courland, and with more than 16,000 inhabitants Tukums is the 13th largest settlement in Latvia. It is also an important railroad junction, connecting the town with Riga, Jelgava and Ventspils. It has two railway stations — Tukums I and Tukums II.
7th federal electoral district of Hidalgo
The 7th federal electoral district of Hidalgo (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 07 de Hidalgo) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of Hidalgo.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth electoral region.

Suspended in 1943, the 7th district was re-established as part of the 1996 redistricting process. The restored district elected its first deputy in the 1997 mid-term election.
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Mirna María de la Luz Rubio Sánchez of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Tepeapulco
Tepeapulco is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central Mexico.The municipality covers an area of 239 km2 (92 sq mi).

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 49,850.

During the Spanish colonial period it was part of the domain of the alcaldia mayor of Apa y Tepeapulco.  The parish of San Francisco Tepeapulco was established in 1527.
1906 Wimbledon Championships
The 1906 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 25 June until 5 July. It was the 30th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1906.

Frank Riseley
Frank Lorymer Riseley (6 July 1877 – 6 February 1959) was a British tennis player. He won the Northern Championships in 1906 and was a three time Wimbledon singles finalist (1903, 1904, 1906), two time Wimbledon doubles champion (1902, 1906) and won 11 career singles titles.
Asín (surname)
Asín is a surname originating from Aragon, Spain.
The Asín lineage of infanzones derives from the village of Asín de Broto, attested from the reigns of Pedro II and Jaime I (13th century), members of lower nobility from the reign of Pedro IV (14th century).

People with the name Asín:

Miguel Asín Palacios

Fernando de Andrés Asín

Alfredo Quíspez Asín

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Artificial intimacy
Artificial intimacy is a form of human-AI interaction in which an individual will form social connections, emotional bonds, or intimate relationships with various forms of artificial intelligence, including chatbots, virtual assistants, and other artificial entities. Artificially intimate relationships include not only romances, but parasocial relationships with virtual AI characters and the use of griefbots trained on a dead or otherwise lost individual. Artificial intimacy can arise because humans are prone to anthropomorphism. Responses from these AI models are often designed to simulate human interaction. Individuals experiencing artificial intimacy may exhibit attachment, love and commitment to certain AI models, akin to the bonds typically shared between humans.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Lee Sang-yoon (footballer)
Lee Sang-yoon (born 10 April 1969) is a South Korean football commentator and former player who mostly played for Ilhwa Chunma. He was also a member of the South Korea national team at the 1990 and 1998 FIFA World Cups. After becoming a commentator, he is nicknamed "Gareth Sang-yoon" due to his husky voice which sounds like he has phlegm (called "garae" in South Korea) in his throat.

Seongnam FC
Seongnam Football Club (Korean: 성남 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seongnam that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. It is one of the most successful clubs in South Korea and the Asian Football Confederation, having won seven K League 1 titles and 2 AFC Champions League titles.
Post Track
The Post Track is an ancient causeway in the valley of the River Brue on the Somerset Levels, England. It is dated back to around 3838 BCE, making it some 30 years older than the Sweet Track in the same area. Various sections have been scheduled as ancient monuments.

The timber trackway was constructed of long ash planks, with lime and hazel posts spaced along three-metre intervals. According to Coles, the heavy planks of the Post Track were rarely pegged. The track follows closely in line with the Sweet Track and, before the planks were dated, it was posited that it served as a construction platform for the Sweet Track. It is speculated that it led to places of spiritual significance. It is likely that the route was intended to be a permanent fixture, with the track being updated, maintained, and eventually replaced as it succumbed to the elements. Some of the wood planks were also reused in the Sweet Track when it was built, making the specific dating more complex.

Causeway
A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges.
Desivojca
Desivojca is a village in the municipality of Kamenica, in the east of Kosovo. It has 16.41 km2 (6.34 sq mi) of land, 89 houses with 755 inhabitants (sources from 1995). It is about 50 km (31 mi) from Gjilan.
The village has a primary school called "Kadri Zeka" and a mosque built in 1816. It is a center for surrounding villages.

Kamenica, Kosovo
Kamenica or Dardana (Albanian indefinite form: Kamenicë or Dardanë), or Kosovska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Косовска Каменица), is a town and municipality located in the Gjilan District of Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, the municipality of Kamenica has 22,868 inhabitants, while the town has 5,206 inhabitants.
Richmond, Maine
Richmond is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,522 at the 2020 census. The town contains the census-designated place of the same name. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area, situated at the head of Merrymeeting Bay.

Richmond is located adjacent to the 2,019 acre state-owned and managed Steve Powell Wildlife Management Area on Swan Island, a wildlife sanctuary and tourist area listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Swan Island is a major wildlife tourist attraction for the town, especially during the summer.

Richmond is also known for its collection of Greek Revival homes, unique for the area.

Merrymeeting Bay
Merrymeeting Bay is a large freshwater tidal bay located in the U.S. state of Maine. Merrymeeting Bay's unusual geography defies common landform terms. It is not what is usually meant by the word bay. It is somewhat like an estuary but it has fresh water with very little salt. Geologically it is described as an "inland delta" and biologically as "tidal riverine."

The head of Merrymeeting Bay is generally considered to begin at the southernmost point of Swan Island. Bordering towns and cities include Bath, Brunswick, Topsham, Bowdoinham, Dresden, and Woolwich. Public access to the bay is gained mainly from public docks on one of the contributing rivers in Brunswick, Bath, Richmond, and Bowdoinham.
Tashtyp
Tashtyp (Russian: Таштып; Khakas: Тастып, Tastıp) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Tashtypsky District of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. Population:  6,423 (2010 Census); 6,473 (2002 Census); 7,536 (1989 Soviet census).

Khakassia
Khakassia (/xəˈkæsiə, kə-/), officially the Republic of Khakassia, is a republic of Russia located in southern Siberia. It is situated between Krasnoyarsk Krai to the north and the Altai Republic to the south.

The capital city of Khakassia is Abakan, and the region covers an area of about 61,900 square kilometres (23,900 sq mi). The population of Khakassia is approximately 537,000 people, with the majority of the population living in urban areas.

The region is known for its natural beauty, with numerous rivers, lakes, and mountains. The Khakassky Nature Reserve is located in the region, and it is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including brown bears, wolves, and sable. The region is also known for its traditional crafts, such as woodworking and embroidery, and for its traditional festivals and celebrations.

On July 3, 1991, the region was transformed into an autonomous republic within the RSFSR. It has had its current name since the beginning of 1992.
Charles A. Black
Charles Augustus Black (1837–1901) was a physician and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as a Conservative member from 1883 to 1886.

He was born in Sackville, New Brunswick, the son of Samuel F. Black, and educated at the Mount Allison Academy and the Lower Horton Seminary in Nova Scotia. He received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1859. In 1860, Black married Elizabeth Silliker. He served on the county council and was warden for Westmorland County.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Mary Ellen Epps
Mary Ellen Epps (December 25, 1934 – June 6, 2014) was an American politician who served in the Colorado House of Representatives from the 19th district from 1987 to 1999 and in the Colorado Senate from the 11th district from 1999 to 2003. She was a Republican.

She died on June 6, 2014, in Colorado Springs, Colorado at age 79.

Colorado Senate
The Colorado State Senate is the upper house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Colorado. It is composed of 35 members elected from single-member districts, with each district having a population of about 123,000 as of the 2000 census. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and are limited to two consecutive terms in office. Senators who are term-limited become eligible to run again after a one-term (four year) respite.

The Colorado Senate convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Crime Kings
Crime Kings (Thai: เสือ โจรพันธุ์เสือ) is a 1998 Thai action film directed by Tanit Jitnukul, produced by Nonzee Nimibutr, and starring Amphol Lumpoon, Dom Hetrakul, Supakorn Kitsuwon, Sananthinee Phanchujit, and Suphawat Amprasit. The film is based on the real life story of Suea Bai, a bandit who stole from the rich, and was prominent in 1940’s Central Thailand, and is considered to be the Thai equivalent of Robin Hood. It is one of the several films that is based on the story of Suea Bai.

Nonzee Nimibutr
Nonzee Nimibutr (Thai: นนทรีย์ นิมิบุตร, RTGS: Nonsi Nimibut; Born: 18 December 1962) is a Thai film director, film producer and screenwriter. Best known for his ghost thriller, Nang Nak, he is generally credited as the leader among a "New Wave" of Thai filmmakers that also includes Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul.
Attalis
Attalis (Ancient Greek: Ἀτταλίς) was a tribe (phyle) added by the ancient Athenians to the previous list of 11 Athenian tribes in the spring of 200 B.C. just a few months after the "Macedonian" tribes Antigonis and Demetrias were dissolved. The tribe was named after Attalos I, King of Pergamon, on occasion of his visit to Athens.

The Monument of the Eponymous Heroes had two statues (of the Macedonian kings Antigonos I and Demetrios I) removed and one, for Attalos, added, starting the so-called Period IV.

The Athenians placed the phyle on the 12th and last place of their list (three centuries later they were moved to the 13th place with introduction of Adrianis), but modern researchers use the Roman numeral XIV to designate Attalis.

The 12 demes that formed Attalis were collected from all 11 existing tribes ("rule-of-one"), with the twelfth, Apollonieis, newly created and named after Apollonis of Cyzicus, wife of Attalos I.

Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.
Ouidah III
Ouidah III is an arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Ouidah. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 9,880.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.