hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leone Sforza
Leone Sforza (May 1406 – July 1440) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the House of Sforza.

Born at Castelfiorentino, he was the son of Muzio Attendolo, and brother to Alessandro and Francesco Sforza, both successful military leaders and seigniors.

In 1415 he was jailed in the Castel Nuovo of Naples together with his father and his brothers. Leone fought mainly alongside Francesco, and in 1432 he escorted to Piacenza the emperor Sigismund. In 1434–1435 he fought against Niccolò Fortebraccio in Lazio and Umbria: taken prisoner, he was freed after the death of that condottiero.

Leone Sforza was killed during the siege of Caravaggio of 1440, while commanding the Venetian troops.

Condottiero
Condottieri (Italian: [kondotˈtjɛːri]; singular: condottiero or condottiere) were Italian military leaders active during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The term originally referred specifically to commanders of mercenary companies, derived from the Italian word condotta—the contract under which they served a city-state or lord. The word condottiero thus meant 'contractor'. Over time, however, in Italian usage, condottiero came to mean any 'commander' or 'military leader'.
Stigmatochromis woodi
Stigmatochromis woodi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it can be found hunting for prey over sandy areas.  It can reach a length of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) TL.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name honours Rodney C. Wood, whose collection of cichlids from Lake Malawi, which included the type of this species, was presented to the British Museum (Natural History). It is the type species of the genus Stigmatochromis.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Osee Fagan
Osee Robert Fagan, Sr. (1924 – December 16, 2014) was a lawyer, prosecutor, state legislator, and judge in the state of Florida. His first wife, Marilyn Burch Fagan was murdered by a deaf mute man he was prosecuting in 1956. Together they had three children. He remarried Dorothy Tyson Fagan and together they had another child. He was born in Mississippi. His father was a Baptist preacher. Osee was an avid Florida Gators football supporter, member of the Quarterback Club for many years and a member of First Baptist Church of Gainseville, Gainseville, FL.

Fagan received a Purple Heart for injuries he received during service in the United States Army at the Battle of the Bulge. He was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1948. Judge Osee Robert Fagan served on the bench of the Eighth Judicial Circuit from 1979 – 1990. A Democrat, he represented Alachua County in the Florida House of Representatives.

Alachua County, Florida
Alachua County (/əˈlætʃuə/ ⓘ ə-LATCH-oo-ə) is a county in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 278,468. The county seat is Gainesville, the home of the University of Florida.
Martin Beaty
Martin Beaty (October 8, 1784 – June 17, 1856) was a United States representative from Kentucky. He was born in Abingdon, Virginia. In his life, he worked as an iron furnace operator, a salt manufacturer, a rancher, and a farmer. Beaty was a slaveowner.

Beaty was a member of the Kentucky Senate 1824–1828 and 1832. He served as a presidential elector for Henry Clay and John Sergeant in 1832 and William Henry Harrison and Francis Granger in 1836. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty-first Congress in 1828, and to the Twenty-second Congress in 1830, but was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-fourth Congress in 1834. After leaving Congress, he was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives, 1848. He died in 1856 in Belmont, Texas, where he was buried in Belmont Cemetery.

He was the great-grandfather of Fiddlin' John Carson

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Spyros disaster
The Spyros disaster was a major industrial disaster that occurred in Singapore on 12 October 1978, where the Greek tanker Spyros exploded at Jurong Shipyard, killing 76 people and injuring 69 others. It remains the worst accident, in terms of lives lost, in Singapore's post-war history. It is also Singapore's worst industrial accident.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
2022 CDC Tour series
The 2022 CDC Tour consisted of 12 darts tournaments on the 2022 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament is exclusively for players from the United States and Canada, with each nation hosting two weekends of three events, making a total of 12 tournaments. The highest ranking player from each nation qualified for the 2023 PDC World Darts Championship.

Danny Baggish
Daniel Baggish (born August 19, 1983) is an American professional darts player. He had a PDC tour card from 2021 to 2022, after being the only American player to win one at Q-School in 2021. He is sponsored by Target Darts, and has been a member of Team Target since 2019.
Trust (Revenge)
"Trust" is the second episode of the first season of the American drama television series Revenge. It aired on ABC on September 28, 2011, and was co-written by Mike Kelley and Joe Fazzio and directed by Phillip Noyce.

Revenge season 1
The first season of the ABC American television drama series Revenge premiered on September 21, 2011, and concluded on May 23, 2012, with a total of 22 episodes. The series was created by Mike Kelley and is inspired by the Alexandre Dumas novel The Count of Monte Cristo. The series stars Madeleine Stowe and Emily VanCamp.
Alicia Vacas Moro
Alicia Vacas Moro (born c.1972) is a Spanish-born nurse and a leader of the Comboni Missionary Sisters in the Middle East and Asia. She served as a nurse in Egypt and in Bethany in the West Bank. During the pandemic she returned to help in Italy. She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2021 on the recommendation of the Holy See for her work.

Bethany
Bethany (Ancient Greek: Βηθανία, Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܥܢܝܐ Bēṯ ʿAnyā), locally called in Arabic al-Eizariya or el-Aizariya (Arabic: العيزرية, "[place] of Lazarus"), is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of Palestine, bordering East Jerusalem, in the West Bank. The name al-Eizariya refers to the New Testament figure Lazarus of Bethany, who according to the Gospel of John, was raised from the dead by Jesus in the town. The traditional site of the miracle, the Tomb of Lazarus, in the city is a place of pilgrimage.

The town is located on the southeastern slope of the Mount of Olives, less than 2 miles (3.2 km) from Jerusalem. With a population of 22,928 inhabitants according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it is the second largest city in the Quds Governorate of the State of Palestine, after only East Jerusalem, which has been annexed by and is completely under the control of Israel, although this annexation is unrecognized internationally.
Faster (2003 film)
Faster is a 2003 documentary film about the MotoGP motorcycle road racing world championship. Filmed between 2001 and 2002 by director Mark Neale, it features cinematography by music video director Grant Gee and is narrated by Ewan McGregor. The film was succeeded by a 2-disc "Ultimate Collector's Edition" re-release in 2004 which included this film and the short sequel called Faster & Faster filmed between 2003 and 2004. Subsequently, in 2006, The Doctor, The Tornado and The Kentucky Kid (or DTK) was released, followed by Fastest in 2011 and Hitting the Apex in 2015.

Max Biaggi
Massimiliano "Max" Biaggi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaks ˈbjaddʒi]; born 26 June 1971) is an Italian former professional Grand Prix and Superbike motorcycle road racer who achieved six World Championships. With four 250 cc road race titles and two in World Superbikes, he is one of only two riders to score championships across both disciplines.

Biaggi is a brand ambassador for Aprilia motorcycles. Between 2019 and 2022, he owned a Moto3 racing team, based in Monaco.

In 2020, Biaggi was named a FIM Road Racing Legend, followed by inductance into the MotoGP Hall of Fame in 2022.
Upper Milford Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Milford Township is a township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 7,292 at the 2010 census. Upper Milford Township is a rural area southwest of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Emmaus, Pennsylvania
Emmaus (/ɛˈmeɪ.əs/ em-AY-əs) is a borough in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 11,652. Emmaus is located in the Lehigh Valley, the third-largest metropolitan area in Pennsylvania and 68th-largest metropolitan area in the nation.

In 2007 and again in 2009, Emmaus was listed as one of the top 100 "Best Places to Live" in the United States by Money magazine.

Emmaus is located 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Allentown, 53.4 miles (85.9 km) north of Philadelphia, and 91.6 miles (147.4 km) west of New York City.
Wrinkles (radio series)
Wrinkles is a radio comedy series produced and broadcast in the United Kingdom by BBC Radio 4 for two series of six episodes each in 1980 and 1981. It is notable as the first series written solely by the writing team of Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, who would go on to create the internationally successful television sitcom Red Dwarf.

Set in an old people's home, it starred Tom Mennard, Anthea Askey, Ballard Berkeley, David Ross, Gordon Salkilld and Nick Maloney. It was created and produced by Mike Craig.

Rob Grant
Robert Grant (25 September 1955 – 25 February 2026) was an English comedy writer, television producer and co-creator of the Red Dwarf comedy franchise. After Red Dwarf, Grant wrote two television series, The Strangerers and Dark Ages, and four solo novels, his last being Fat. During his career Grant was involved in two distinct writing partnerships: the first with Doug Naylor, and the second with Andrew Marshall.
1881 Buffalo mayoral election
The 1881 mayoral election in Buffalo, New York, saw the election of former Erie County Sheriff Grover Cleveland, who defeated architect and alderman Milton Beebe by what was considered a broad margin.

Cleveland would not serve out his entire term as mayor, as he would be subsequently elected Governor of New York the following year.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
CURB-65
CURB-65, also known as the CURB criteria, is a clinical prediction rule that has been validated for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia and infection of any site. The CURB-65 is based on the earlier CURB score and is recommended by the British Thoracic Society for the assessment of severity of pneumonia. It was developed in 2002 at the University of Nottingham by Dr. W.S. Lim et al. In 2018 a new toolkit was presented on the basis of CURB-65.

The score is an acronym for each of the risk factors measured.  Each risk factor scores one point, for a maximum score of 5:

Confusion of new onset (defined as an AMTS of 8 or less)

Blood Urea nitrogen greater than 7 mmol/L (19 mg/dL)

Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute or greater

Blood pressure less than 90 mmHg systolic or diastolic blood pressure 60 mmHg or less

Age 65 or older

Abbreviated Mental Test Score
The Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) is a 10-point test designed for the rapid assessment of elderly patients for potential dementia. It is recommended as the primary screening tool in emergency and hospital settings for patients over 65. First introduced in 1972, it is now also utilized to assess mental confusion (including delirium) and other cognitive impairments. The test takes approximately 3–4 minutes to administer and requires no specialist training or licensing.
The Ultimate Kansas
The Ultimate Kansas is the fourth compilation from the band Kansas. It was originally released in 2002, and focuses solely on their Kirshner period from their debut album Kansas in 1974, up to and including Drastic Measures in 1983. The collection was rereleased in 2008 under the title Essential Kansas 3.0 as part of the Sony/BMG Legacy series of that name, with an additional "bonus disc" with seven additional songs, and featuring "eco-friendly" packaging.

Don Kirshner
Donald Kirshner (April 17, 1934 – January 17, 2011) was an American music publisher, music consultant, rock music producer, talent manager, and songwriter. Dubbed "the Man with the Golden Ear" by Time, he was best known for managing songwriting talent as well as successful pop groups including the Monkees, Kansas, and the Archies.
Copyright law of New Zealand
The copyright law of New Zealand is covered by the Copyright Act 1994 and subsequent amendments. It is administered by Business Law Policy Unit of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE). In June 2017, a review of the existing legislation was announced.

New Zealand is party to several international copyright agreements, including the TRIPS Agreement 1994, the Berne Convention 1928 and the Universal Copyright Convention 1952.

International copyright treaties
While no creative work is automatically protected worldwide, there are international treaties which provide protection automatically for all creative works as soon as they are fixed in a medium. Two of the most important international copyright treaties include the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC).
Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg
General Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, 1st Duke of Leinster, KG (30 June 1641 – 16 July [O.S. 5 July] 1719), was a German-born military officer and peer who served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in 1691. He spent the majority of his military career in service to William III of England, fighting in the Portuguese Restoration War, Franco-Dutch War, Williamite War in Ireland and the War of the Spanish Succession.

Portuguese Restoration War
The Restoration War between Portugal and Spain began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union.
The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663.

In the 17th century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg, which had been united with the Portuguese crown since the 1580 succession crisis.
Erma Werke
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during World War II it manufactured many firearms, including the Karabiner 98k, the MP40 and other submachine guns.

The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous EL 24 subcaliber "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed .22 long rifle ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Pearl Akanya Ofori
Pearl Akanya Ofori (born 18 March 1984) is a Ghanaian broadcast journalist, radio personality and an entrepreneur who once worked for Ghanaian radio station Citi FM (97.3) Ghana. She is a graduate of the University of Ghana (Legon). She was nominated for the Radio and Television Personality Awards (RTP) organized by Big Event Ghana in 2015 Radio and TV Personality Award.

Legon
Legon , a suburb of the Ghanaian city Accra, is situated about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north-east of the city center in the Ayawaso West Municipal District, a district in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Legon is home to the main campus of the University of Ghana. Ghanaians loosely refer to the University of Ghana simply as "Legon". Legon is also home to a few of Ghana's well known educational institutions such as Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School (PRESEC-Legon), Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration(GIMPA) and the University of Professional Studies, Accra(UPSA). Legon is adjacent to one of the most prestigious residential suburbs of Accra - East Legon and only about 20 minutes drive from the Accra International Airport.
The Widow in the Window
The Widow in the Window is a studio album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Kenny Wheeler recorded over three days in February 1990 and released on ECM later that year. The quintet features rhythm section John Abercrombie, John Taylor, Dave Holland and Peter Erskine.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University Jiangning Campus
The High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University Jiangning Campus (NSFJ-CN, Simplified Chinese: 南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校, nickname Fu-Zhong-Fen-Xiao 附中分校) is a high school located in Jiangning, Nanjing, China. It was founded in 2003, as the Jiangning Branch of the High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University. The Jiangning Campus totally contains more than 6000 students from different places in Asia. Jiangning Campus also runs real property business, it is the owner of an estate called Long Hu, Wenxinyuan.

Yancheng
Yancheng (simplified Chinese: 盐城; traditional Chinese: 鹽城; pinyin: Yánchéng), formerly known as Yandu, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern coastal Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. As the city with the largest jurisdictional area in Jiangsu, Yancheng borders Lianyungang to the north, Huai'an to the west, Yangzhou and Taizhou to the southwest, Nantong to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the east. Formerly a county, the current Yancheng city was founded on January 18, 1983.

Yancheng, literally "Salt City", is named after the salt harvest fields surrounding the city. According to historical records, collection and production of sea salt in the region began as early as 119 BC, during the Western Han dynasty, when the settlement on the current location of Yancheng was named Yandu County (盐渎县). According to the 2020 census, Yancheng had a registered population of 6,709,629, with 1,733,591 inhabitants in its built up area comprising the districts of Tinghu and Yandu.