hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Senigaglia family
The Senigaglia family (sometimes spelt Sinigaglia) is an Italian Jewish family, whose origins can be traced back nearly 800 years, the period between the High Middle Age and the Renaissance.

Daniel and Isac da Senigallia, bankers at la Volta Mantovana, moved to Mantua.

They restarted their banking activities and built a house, a school and a synagogue. In 1656 they sold everything to the Almansi family.

Another branch of the family lived in Lugo: they became rich merchants and goldsmiths, and changed their name to Sinigaglia

A third branch established themselves in Gorizia a small town 40 kilometres north of Trieste

Italian Jews
Italian Jews (Italian: ebrei italiani; Hebrew: יהודים איטלקים‎) or Roman Jews (Italian: ebrei romani; Hebrew: יהודים רומים‎) can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living in or with roots in Italy, or, in a narrower sense, to mean the Italkim, an ancient community living in Italy since the Ancient Roman era, who use the Italian liturgy (or "Italian Rite") as distinct from those Jewish communities in Italy dating from medieval or modern times who use the Sephardic liturgy or the Nusach Ashkenaz.
The Forgotten American
The Special Message to the Congress on the Problems of the American Indian, also known as the 'The Forgotten American' speech, was addressed to the United States Congress on March 6, 1968, by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

In the speech, Johnson outlined economic and social issues facing Native Americans and called for an end to the termination policy. He stated his belief in "a policy of maximum choice for the American Indian" grounded in "programs of self-help, self-development, self-determination". He also announced Executive Order 11399, creating a National Council on Indian Opportunity led by the vice president alongside indigenous and business community leaders.

90th United States Congress
The 90th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1969, during the last two years of President Lyndon B. Johnson's second term in office.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic majority; however, the Democrats lost seats in both the Senate and the House, which cost them both their 2/3rds supermajority in the Senate and their supermajority status in the House. Along with President Johnson, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
Tsantsabane Local Municipality
Tsantsabane Municipality (Afrikaans: Tsantsabane Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Tsantsabane) is a local municipality within the ZF Mgcawu District Municipality, in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.

Tsantsabane was the original name given to the town by the Batswana because of the presence of many shiny stones (e.g. the hematite).

ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
The ZF Mgcawu District Municipality (Afrikaans: ZF Mgcawu-distriksmunisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sedika wa ZF Mgcawu), known before 1 July 2013 as the Siyanda District Municipality, is one of the 5 districts of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The seat of the municipality is Upington. As of 2011, the majority (76%) of its 236,783 residents speak Afrikaans. The district code is DC8.

The ZF Mgcawu District Municipality is named after Upington's first post-1994 democratically elected mayor, Zwelentlanga Fatman Mgcawu (1958–2001). The previous name Siyanda means "we are growing".
Independent Health
Independent Health Association, Inc. doing business as Independent Health, is a regional health insurance company headquartered in Williamsville, New York and serving Western New York; specifically, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, and Wyoming Counties.

Allegany County, New York
Allegany County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,456. Its county seat is Belmont. Its name derives from a Lenape word, applied by European-American settlers of Western New York State to a trail that followed the Allegheny River; they also named the county after this. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

The county is bisected by the Genesee River, flowing north to its mouth on Lake Ontario. During the mid-nineteenth century, the Genesee Valley Canal was built to link southern markets to the Great Lakes and Mohawk River. The county was also served by railroads, which soon superseded the canals in their capacity for carrying freight. Part of the Oil Springs Reservation, controlled by the Seneca Nation, is located in the county.
1 + 2 (album)
1 + 2 is the debut album by Recoil, released in August 1986. The CD and cassette version were released two years later with Recoil's second release, Hydrology.

Alan Wilder had always experimented with his own ideas, but when Daniel Miller heard some demos (recorded on a Portastudio, a 4-track cassette machine) and asked to reproduce them, Recoil became a musical entity. The early recordings show Wilder's position as a pioneer in sampling technology and demonstrated how he could completely change the "Depeche Mode" sound into something new.
1 + 2, his first collection of demos, was inconspicuously released as a twelve-inch EP the same year as his band Depeche Mode's fifth studio album, Black Celebration.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Yashkulsky District
Yashkulsky District (Russian: Я́шкульский райо́н; Kalmyk: Яшкулин район, Yaşkulin rayon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirteen in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. It is located in the center and east of the republic. The area of the district is 11,769.31 square kilometers (4,544.16 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Yashkul. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 15,270, with the population of Yashkul accounting for 51.5% of that number.

Kalmyk Oirat
Kalmyk language (хальмг келн), formerly anglicized as Calmuck, is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia's Kalmykia, the modern Kalmyk language is the standard form of the Oirat Mongolian that based on the Torgut dialect, which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2021, there are 110,000 speakers out of an ethnic population consisting of 178,000 people.
Bakhtiyar Duyshobekov
Bakhtiyar Duyshobekov (Kyrgyz: Бактыяр Дүйшөбеков; Russian: Бахтияр Дуйшобеков; born 3 June 1995) is a Kyrgyz professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for FC Neftchi Kochkor-Ata and the Kyrgyzstan national team.

Kyrgyzstan national football team
The Kyrgyzstan national football team (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын улуттук курама командасы; Russian: Сборная Кыргызской Республики по футболу), officially recognised by FIFA and AFC as Kyrgyz Republic, represents Kyrgyzstan in international football and is controlled by the Kyrgyz Football Union, a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and Central Asian Football Association.
Timeline of post-classical history
The following is a timeline of major events in post-classical history from the 5th to 15th centuries, loosely corresponding to the Old World Middle Ages, intermediate between Late antiquity and the early modern period.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Smita Bellur
Smita Rao Bellur is an Indian singer of Hindustani classical music, particularly the Khyal genre, as well as Sufi devotional music. including (Qawwali. She is associated with the Kirana gharana, a prominent musical lineage that originated in  Jaipur.

Kirana gharana
The Kirana Gharana is a Hindustani music apprenticeship tradition (gharana) made popular by Bande Ali Khan in the 19th Century and his cousins Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan. Evolved from the instrumental and vocal Gauharbani dhrupad lineages of medieval music maestros Nayak Gopal, Nayak Dhondu, and Nayak Bhanu. Later, this tradition came to be reputed for khayal, thumri, dadra, ghazal, bhajan, abhang, and natya sangeet. This gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Sawai Gandharva, Sureshbabu Mane, Hirabai Barodekar, Amir Khan, Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi, Roshanara Begum, Mohammed Rafi, Prabha Atre, Mashkoor Ali Khan Kaivalya Kumar Gurav, Pran Nath, Anand Bhate, Sanhita Nandi, and Jayateerth Mevundi. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctly sweet, devotional, and intense vocalism.
Symbol of Eternity
Symbol of Eternity is the twenty-first studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger, released on 26 August 2022 by Napalm Records. The album continues the band's story of the Crusaders, first explored in their 1998 album Knights of the Cross. It is the last album to feature guitarist Axel Ritt as he departed the band on 10 September 2023. He was replaced with former Orden Ogan guitarist Tobias Kersting.

Orden Ogan
Orden Ogan is a German power metal band with folk metal elements. The band was formed in 1996 by Sebastian Grütling (drums) and Sebastian Levermann (lead vocals and guitar). They currently have three demos and seven studio albums and are signed with Reigning Phoenix Music. Prior to 2024, the band was signed with AFM Records.

They are also the organizers of the German metal festival WinterNachtsTraum, which has featured such bands as Rage, Sinister, Axxis, Ensiferum, Van Canto, and Agathodaimon.
Doyalson
Doyalson is a village in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. It has a population of 299 at the 2021 census.

The Pacific Highway passes through Doyalson. In the 1980s, the seven kilometre Doyalson Link Road was built between Doyalson and the M1 Motorway at Bushells Ridge. It was built as a single carriageway with provision for conversion to a dual carriageway.

Munmorah State Coal Mine operated in this vicinity 1962–2005.

Single carriageway
A single carriageway (British English) is a road with one, two or more lanes arranged within a one carriageway with no central reservation/median strip to separate opposing flows of traffic. A single-track road is a type of single carriageway with a single lane with passing places for traffic in both directions. An undivided highway (American English) is the term used for motorways with two or more lanes with no central reservation/median strip. Road traffic safety is generally worse for high-speed single carriageways than for dual carriageways due to the lack of separation between traffic moving in opposing directions.
De Bokkepruik
The De Bokkepruik is a restaurant located in Heemse, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star from 1990 to present.

Gault Millau awarded the restaurant 15 out of 20 points.

Head chef of De Bokkepruik is Jaap Istha. Maître and sommelier is Heleen Istha-Koeslag.

De Bokkepruik is a former member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise.

Gault Millau
Gault et Millau (French pronunciation: [ɡo e mijo]), formerly Le Nouveau Guide Gault-Millau is a French restaurant guide. It was founded by two restaurant critics, Henri Gault and Christian Millau, in 1969 and sold to the magazine Le Point in 1983.
Sumaira Zareen
Sumaira Zareen (Sindhi: ثميره زرين ) (February 1944 - 13 August 1977) was a prominent story writer of Sindh, Pakistan. She was one of the pioneering women of Sindhi literature and is often referred to as the First Lady of Sindhi Literature. Two of her story collections have been published.

Sindhi literature
Sindhi literature (Sindhi: سنڌي ادب) is the collection of oral and written literature in the Sindhi language in prose (romantic tales and epic stories) and poetry (ghazals and nazm). The Sindhi language of the province of Sindh in Pakistan is considered one of the oldest languages of ancient India, and influenced the language of Indus Valley inhabitants. Sindhi literature has developed over a thousand years.

According to historians Nabi Bux Baloch, Rasool Bux Palijo, and G. M. Syed, Sindhi influenced Hindi in the pre-Islamic era. After the advent of Islam in the eighth century, Arabic and Persian influenced the region's inhabitants and were official languages. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Shah Abdul Karim Bulri, Shaikh Ayaz and Ustad Bukhari are notable Sindhi poets.
70th Grey Cup
The 70th Grey Cup, also known as the "Rain Bowl", was the 1982 Grey Cup Canadian Football League championship game between the Toronto Argonauts and the Edmonton Eskimos. The Eskimos, who were making their sixth consecutive appearance in the CFL championship game, defeated the Argonauts 32–16 on the Eskimos' way to their fifth straight Grey Cup.  The game was played on Sunday, November 28, 1982, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto.

Brian Kelly (wide receiver)
Brian Kelly (born March 27, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for nine seasons with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  Playing from 1979 to 1987, he caught 575 passes for 11,169 yards and 97 touchdowns. Kelly was a member of 5 Grey Cup championship teams in Edmonton. He was the No. 1 target of Eskimos quarterback Warren Moon in the early 
1980s. Kelly was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. He was voted one of the CFL's top 50 players (No. 20) in a poll conducted by Canadian sports network TSN. He graduated from Bishop Amat High School in La Puente, California.
Pico Piedra
18°23′07″N 67°12′45″W﻿ / ﻿18.3852240°N 67.2124032°W﻿ / 18.3852240; -67.2124032

Pico Piedra (or Pico de Piedra) is a beach on the north-west coast of Puerto Rico,  at the mouth of the Guayabo River, in the town of Aguada.

Desecheo Island can be seen from Pico de Piedra.  An annual patron saint festival is held at this beach around the third week of June in honor of Saint John the Baptist.

Fiestas patronales in Puerto Rico
Fiestas patronales in Puerto Rico are yearly celebrations held in each municipality of the island. Like in other countries, "fiestas patronales" are heavily influenced by Spanish culture and religion, and are dedicated to a saint or the Blessed Virgin Mary under one of her titles.

The festivities usually include religious processions honoring its Catholic heritage. However, elements of African and local culture have been incorporated as well. They also feature parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.
Ana Correa
Ana Mirtha Correa (born 19 January 1985) is a Spanish volleyball player, playing as a central. She is part of the Spain women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she played for Béziers Volley.

2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 28th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Germany and Switzerland from 6 to 14 September 2013. The matches took place in 5 different cities (4 in Germany and one in Switzerland) with the final being played in Berlin.

Russia defeated Germany 3–1 in the final to capture their 18th title and the qualification for the 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup.
Corrigan Creek (Ontario)
Corrigan Creek is a stream in the municipality of Greenstone, Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, is a left tributary of the Namewaminikan River, and lies in the geographic township of Sandra.

The river flows northwest 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from Corrigan Lake to its mouth at the Namewaminikan River. The Namewaminikan River flows via Lake Nipigon and the Nipigon River to Lake Superior.

Greenstone, Ontario
Greenstone is a single-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario with a population of 4,309 according to the 2021 Canadian census. It stretches along Highway 11 from Lake Nipigon to Longlac and covers 2,767.19 km2 (1,068.42 sq mi).

The town was formed on January 1, 2001, as part of municipal re-organization under the Progressive Conservative government of Ontario. It combined the former Townships of Beardmore and Nakina, the Towns of Geraldton and Longlac with large unincorporated portions of Unorganized Thunder Bay District.

It is the administrative office of the band government for the Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan Anishinaabek First Nation.
McMillin Observatory
McMillin Observatory was an astronomical observatory built around 1895 on the campus of Ohio State University. Named after Emerson McMillin and operated by the university, the observatory closed in 1968 and its telescope later moved to Ballreich Observatory. The observatory was equipped with photographic cameras, a filar micrometer, and a custom Brashear spectroscope. The observatory had two main focuses, education and at least one astronomic scientific research study focus.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Windy City Pro Wrestling
Windy City Pro Wrestling is an American regional professional wrestling promotion originally based in Chicago, Illinois. Established as Windy City Wrestling by retired wrestler Sam DeCero in 1988, the promotion was one of several major regional territories in the Midwest, along with Dick the Bruiser's World Wrestling Association, during the late 1980s and among the oldest independent organizations in the United States until its last promoted show in December 2010.

In November 2015, the expired WCPW trademark was re-registered by former Windy City Pro Wrestling wrestler James K. Duck.

Hammond, Indiana
Hammond (/ˈhæmənd/ HAM-ənd) is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. Located along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the only city in Indiana to border Chicago. As of the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in Indiana, with 77,879 residents. It was first settled in the mid-19th century and it is one of the oldest cities of northern Lake County.

From north to south, Hammond runs from Lake Michigan to the Little Calumet River; from east to west along its southern border, it runs from the Illinois state line to Cline Avenue. The city is traversed by numerous railroads and expressways, including the South Shore Line, Borman Expressway, and Indiana Toll Road. Notable local landmarks include the parkland around Wolf Lake and the Horseshoe Hammond riverboat casino. Part of the Rust Belt, Hammond has been industrial almost from its inception, but is also home to a campus of Purdue University and numerous historic districts.
Cockaponset State Forest
Cockaponset State Forest is the second largest forest in the Connecticut state forest system, encompassing over 17,000 acres (6,900 ha) of land. Most of the land is in Middlesex County though some parcels lie in New Haven County. The forest is disjointed, and comprises land in the towns of Haddam, Chester, Deep River, Killingworth, Durham, Guilford, Madison, Clinton, Westbrook, Middletown and Middlefield.

Haddam, Connecticut
Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 8,452 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the only town in Connecticut that the Connecticut River runs through the middle of instead of at the town's border edge. The town was also home to the now-decommissioned Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant.
2019 O'Reilly Auto Parts 300
The 2019 O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series race held on November 2, 2019, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 200 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) asphalt speedway, it was the 31st race of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, fifth race of the Playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 8.

Tyler Reddick
Tyler George Reddick (born January 11, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 45 Toyota Camry XSE for 23XI Racing. He is a two-time champion in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, winning consecutive titles in 2018 and 2019. In 2018, Reddick set a NASCAR record at Daytona for the closest finish in NASCAR Xfinity Series history as well as the closest finish in any of NASCAR’s top three series by 0.0004 seconds. He won the 2026 Daytona 500.
Design 1031 ship
The Design 1031 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1031) was a steel-hulled tanker ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 16 ships were ordered; 5 were cancelled and 11 were built from 1919 to 1920. Two shipyards were used in their construction: Bethlehem Wilmington Shipyard of Wilmington, Delaware (6 ships); and Terry Shipbuilding Company of Savannah, Georgia (5 ships).

Harlan and Hollingsworth
Harlan & Hollingsworth was a Wilmington, Delaware, manufacturing firm that built railroad cars and became one of the first iron shipyards in the United States. It operated under various names from 1837 to 1904, when it was purchased by Bethlehem Steel.
2013–14 NOFV-Oberliga
The 2013–14 season of the NOFV-Oberliga was the sixth season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system.

The NOFV-Oberliga was split into two divisions, the NOFV-Oberliga Nord and the NOFV-Oberliga Süd.

NOFV-Oberliga
The NOFV-Oberliga is a division at step 5 of the German football league system. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, it became the successor of the DDR-Oberliga, and functions today as a 5th division in the former territory of East Germany and the city of Berlin.

This league is named after the Nordostdeutscher Fußballverband (NOFV: North-East German Football Association), the regional association of the DFB in the former East German territories.

The league is currently split in two groups, north and south, the NOFV-Oberliga Nord and NOFV-Oberliga Süd. A third league, the NOFV-Oberliga Mitte existed from 1991 to 1994.