hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Shepherd (umpire)
David Robert Shepherd MBE (27 December 1940 – 27 October 2009) was a first-class cricketer who played county cricket for Gloucestershire, and later became one of the cricket world's best-known umpires. He stood in 92 Test matches, the last of them in June 2005, the most for any English umpire. He also umpired 172 ODIs, including three consecutive World Cup finals in 1996, 1999 and 2003.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
Almaz-Antey Corporation
JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (Russian: ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of Antey Corporation and NPO Almaz, unifying some of the national military enterprises, in particular, the developers of anti-aircraft defence and cruise missile systems. The organisation is headquartered in Moscow and is the world's eighth-largest defence contractor measured by 2017 defence revenues. In 2017, Almaz-Antey had arms sales of $9.125 billion.

The Almaz-Antey group produce air defense systems, firearms for aircraft and armored vehicles, artillery shells and surface-to-surface missiles, airspace surveillance and coordination and artillery radars. The group also manufacture civilian products such as navigation systems, air traffic systems, civil airtraffic- and weather radars, sewage cleaning systems, ventilation valves for nuclear power plants, and plastic packaging for cosmetics and food products.

S-400 missile system
The S-400 Triumf (Russian: C-400 Триумф – Triumf; translation: Triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300 PMU-3, is a mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's NPO Almaz as an upgrade to the S-300 family of missiles. The S-400 was approved for service on 28 April 2007 and the first battalion of the systems assumed combat duty on 6 August 2007. The system is complemented by its successor, the S-500.
Bipradas Pal Chowdhury
Bipradas Pal Chowdhury (1857 – 25 October 1914) was a Bengali industrialist and distinguished landlord. His daughter in law Smt. Ila Pal Choudhury was the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha and nationalist politician.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Kaiser window
The Kaiser window, also known as the Kaiser–Bessel window, was developed by James Kaiser at Bell Laboratories. It is a one-parameter family of window functions used in finite impulse response filter design and spectral analysis.  The Kaiser window approximates the DPSS window which maximizes the energy concentration in the main lobe but which is difficult to compute.

James Kaiser
James Frederick Kaiser (Dec. 10, 1929 – Feb. 13, 2020) was an American electrical engineer noted for his contributions in signal processing. He was an IEEE Fellow and received many honors and awards, including the IEEE Centennial Medal, the IEEE W.R.G. Baker Award, the Bell Laboratories Distinguished Technical Staff Award, and the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal.
2002 African Women's Championship qualification
The 2002 African Women's Championship qualification process was organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to decide the participating teams of the 2002 African Women's Championship. Nigeria qualified automatically as both hosts and defending champions, while the remaining seven spots were determined by the qualifying rounds, which took place from August to October 2002.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
Green Mountain Film Festival
The Green Mountain Film Festival is an annual film event and awards show in Vermont. The first festival took place in Montpelier, Vermont, in 1997. In March 1999, a second festival was held and it has been an annual March event ever since. In 2010, the festival was extended to include a series of satellite screenings in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. In 2018, the festival also hosted screenings in Essex Junction, at the Essex Cinema. The 23rd Green Mountain Film Festival returned to Downtown Montpelier in March 2024 after a 4 year hiatus, with film screenings at both The Savoy Theater and The Capitol Theater in Montpelier, Vermont.

Essex Junction, Vermont
Essex Junction is a city in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 10,590.  It was incorporated as a village on November 15, 1892. Essex Junction became Vermont’s 10th city on July 1, 2022.

The city is part of the Essex Westford Unified Union School District which operates K-12 schools including Essex High School. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Town of Essex ("Essex Town").

Essex Junction is home to GlobalFoundries' Burlington Design Center and 200 mm wafer fabrication plant. GlobalFoundries is the largest private employer in the state of Vermont, with approximately 3,000 employees.
Karabakh carpet
The Karabakh carpet (Armenian: Ղարաբաղի կարպետ, Azerbaijani: Qarabağ xalçası), or Artsakh carpet (Armenian: Արցախյան գորգ), is one of the varieties of carpets of Transcaucasia, made in the Karabakh region.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
1995 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1995 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area in Jackson, New Hampshire as the 42nd annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom and cross-country skiing in the United States.

Colorado, coached by Richard Rokos, won the team championship, the Buffaloes' thirteenth title overall and second as a co-ed team.

Wildcat Mountain Ski Area
Wildcat Mountain Ski Area is a ski area located on Wildcat Mountain near Jackson, New Hampshire, United States, in the Mount Washington Valley. Its vertical drop of 2,112 feet (644 m) is the second largest in New Hampshire and the ninth largest in New England.

Wildcat is one of the best-known alpine skiing resorts in New England, with lifts from the base on NH 16 in Pinkham Notch 2,112 feet (644 m) up to the summit ridge.  The area has 49 trails on 225 acres (91 ha), including the 2.75-mile (4.43 km) Polecat Trail — the longest ski trail in New Hampshire.

The Wildcat Valley Trail, an ungroomed cross-country ski trail, leads from the summit down to the town of Jackson, New Hampshire as part of the Jackson Ski Touring Foundation trail network, dropping 3,240 feet (990 m) in 11.1 miles (17.9 km).
William Harrison Sapp House
William Harrison Sapp House is a historic home located near Tradesville, Lancaster County, South Carolina. It was built about 1897, and extensively remodeled in 1912. It is a two-story Colonial Revival style frame residence with a one-story rear projection.  It features a one-story hipped-roof wraparound porch, supported by Tuscan order columns. A small one-story gable-front frame drug store/office built in 1912, is located on the property.  Dr. William Harrison Sapp (1866-1946), was a prominent local physician and farmer.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Lancaster County, South Carolina
Lancaster County /ˈlæŋkəstər/ is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,016, Its county seat is Lancaster, which has an urban population of 23,979. The county was created in 1785. Lancaster County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Piedmont region.
Asansol–Durgapur Police Commissionerate
Asansol–Durgapur Police Commissionerate, established in 2011, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within the area which roughly constitutes the Asansol and Durgapur subdivision of West Bengal. The Commissionerate is part of the West Bengal Police, and is under the administrative control of Home Ministry of West Bengal. Asansol–Durgapur Police Commissionerate carved out from the undivided district of Burdwan, West Bengal, and has 15 police stations of Burdwan district under its jurisdiction. Ajay Nand was the first Commissioner of the Asansol – Durgapur Police Commissionerate. Now, it is headed by Sudheer Kumar Neelankantam .

Bardhaman
Bardhaman (/ˈbɔːrdəˌmɑːn/, Bengali: [ˈbɔrˌd̪ʱo.man]), officially Bardhaman Sadar, is a city and  municipality located on the northern bank of the Damodar river in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of Purba Bardhaman district, having become a district capital during the period of British rule. Burdwan, an alternative name for the city, has remained in use since then.
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering (AMACE) is an engineering college in Vadamavandal near Kancheepuram, India. Established in 1985, this college is managed by Meenakshi Ammal Trust.

Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering is an institution that has been approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi, and is affiliated to Anna University, South India. The college was established in 1985 by an order of the government of Tamil Nadu as a Telugu Linguistic Minority Engineering College, approved by AICTE and affiliated to University of Madras. Now it is affiliated with Anna University in Chennai.

Master of Science in Information Technology
A Master of Science in Information Technology (abbreviated M.Sc.IT, MScIT or MSIT) is a master's degree in the field of information technology awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. The MSIT degree is designed for those managing information technology, especially the information systems development process. The MSIT degree is functionally equivalent to a Master of Information Systems Management, which is one of several specialized master's degree programs recognized by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
One can become a software engineer and data scientist after completing an MSIT degree.
Pibrentasvir
Pibrentasvir is an NS5A inhibitor antiviral agent.  In the United States and Europe, it is approved for use with glecaprevir as the combination drug glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (trade name Mavyret in the US and Maviret in the EU) for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is  sold by Abbvie.

AbbVie
AbbVie Inc. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in North Chicago, Illinois. They have produced drugs to treat a wide range of medical issues.

The company is ranked sixth on the list of largest biomedical companies by revenue. It is ranked 77th on the Fortune 500 and 108th on the Forbes Global 2000.

The name "AbbVie" is derived from a combination of "Abbott", the name of its former parent company, with "vie", intended as a reference to a Latin root meaning 'life'.
Erythroxylum platyclados
Erythroxylum platyclados, synonyms including Erythroxylum acranthum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to parts of eastern Africa and the islands of Aldabra and Comoros. It grows as a tree or shrub. It was first described by Wenceslas Bojer in 1842.

Wenceslas Bojer
Wenceslas Bojer (Czech: Václav Bojer, German: Wenzel Bojer; 23 September 1795 – 4 June 1856) was a Czech naturalist, botanist and botanical illustrator. The standard author abbreviation Bojer is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Caudal rib
A caudal rib is a rib that occurs in the tail of a vertebrate. They are commonly present on the more anterior caudal vertebrae of reptiles. In many taxa, they are fused with the vertebrae. In taxa where the caudal ribs are fused to the vertebrae, the terms "transverse process" and "caudal rib" are sometimes used interchangeably, but the caudal rib may form only part of the transverse process.

Tail
The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso. In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates such as scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are also referred to as tails.

Tail-shaped objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" (e.g. caudate lobe, caudate nucleus), and the body part associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal" (which is considered a more precise anatomical terminology).
Fresh Pond Parkway
Fresh Pond Parkway is a historic park and parkway on the western end of Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is part of the Metropolitan Park System of Greater Boston. The parkway was built in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Fresh Pond Parkway is a four-lane road (two lanes in each direction) stretching from Mount Auburn Street on its southern end to a rotary at Concord Avenue (formerly Cambridge and Concord Turnpike) and Alewife Brook Parkway to the north. Much of the parkway acts as the eastern boundary for portions of the city's municipal Fresh Pond reservoir area and connects the reservoir to the Charles River Reservation.

The parkway is part of Massachusetts Route 2 (Route 2) and U.S. Route 3 (US 3) for its entire length. The portion north of Huron Avenue is also part of Route 16.

Parkway
A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded.

Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both.

The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes.
309th Airlift Squadron
The 309th Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit, last based at Chièvres Air Base, Belgium and assigned to the 86th Airlift Wing at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.  It operated a single C-37 aircraft providing executive airlift for NATO.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Saint-Oulph
Saint-Oulph (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ulf]) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France with the post code 10170.

Inhabitants of Saint-Oulph are known as Saint-Ulphiens or Saint-Ulphiennes.

Aube
Aube (French pronunciation: [ob] ⓘ ohb) is a French department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019), Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.

The department was constituted by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790.
Papampeta
Papampeta is a census town in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Anantapur mandal of Anantapur revenue division. The town is a constituent of Anantapur urban agglomeration.

Anantapur district
Anantapur district, officially Ananthapuramu district, is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in South India.  In the year 2022, as part of re-organisation of districts, Sri Sathya Sai district was carved out.
Dea (album)
Dea is the first full-length album by Russian power metal band Catharsis. It was released in 2001 by Irond. The album was the most commercially successful Russian metal release of 2001. It was released internationally in 2002 by Hammer Müzik. In 2004, Irond re-released the album together with the Febris Erotica EP.

In Western Europe, the album received a 7.5 out of 10 score from Rock Hard, a 6 out of 10 score from Metal.de, and further reviews from Powermetal.de, Ox-Fanzine and Metal Inside.

Rock Hard (magazine)
Rock Hard (also RockHard) is a German music magazine published in Dortmund, with additional language editions in various countries worldwide, including France, Spain, Brazil, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Slovenia. The magazine focuses on hard rock and heavy metal, offering content such as reports, interviews, specials, reviews, and news.
Hutan Ashrafian
Hutan Ashrafian is an academic and cardiothoracic surgeon. He is the current chief scientific officer of Preemptive Health and Medicine at Flagship Pioneering.

The Ashrafian thoracotomy, and the Ashrafian sign aortic regurgitation are named after him. He introduced the AIonAI law for artificial intelligence.

Flagship Pioneering
Flagship Pioneering is an American life sciences venture capital company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts that invests in biotechnology, life sciences, health and sustainability companies. Portfolio companies include Moderna, Indigo Agriculture, Inari Agriculture and Novomer. The firm both funds and incubates companies.
Nyctimystes persimilis
Nyctimystes persimilis, also known as the Milne big-eyed treefrog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae of the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and known from Mount Dayman and Mount Simpson in the Owen Stanley Range.

Owen Stanley Range
The Owen Stanley Range is the south-eastern part of the central mountain-chain in Papua New Guinea. Its highest point is Mount Victoria at 4,038 metres (13,248 ft), while its most prominent peak is Mount Suckling.
Tucanoichthys
Tucanoichthys is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American characins. The only species in the genus is Tucanoichthys tucano, a characin which is endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Uaupés River.

Vaupés River
Vaupés River (Uaupés River) is a tributary of the Rio Negro in South America. It rises in the Vaupes Department of Colombia, flowing east through Vaupés Department. It forms part of the international border between the Vaupés department of Colombia and the Amazonas state of Brazil.  On the border it merges with the Papurí River and becomes known as the Uaupés. In 1847 an explorer saw a rapid which hurled its waves 12 or 15 metres (40 or 50 ft) in the air, "as if great subaqueous explosions were taking place." The river continues eastwards through the Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory until it flows into the Rio Negro at São Joaquim, Amazonas.
Vaupés is a blackwater river.
(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a (S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.117) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-scoulerine  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and (S)-scoulerine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis i.

Scoulerine
Scoulerine, also known as discretamine and aequaline, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) that is derived directly from (S)-reticuline through the action of berberine bridge enzyme. It is a precursor of other BIAs, notably berberine, noscapine, (S)-tetrahydropalmatine, and (S)-stylopine, as well as the alkaloids protopine, and sanguinarine.  It is found in many plants, including opium poppy, Croton flavens, and certain plants in the genus Erythrina.

Studies show that scoulerine is an antagonist in vitro at the α2-adrenoceptor, α1D-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor. It has also been found to be a GABAA receptor agonist in vitro.