hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Book discussion club
A book discussion club is a group of people who meet to discuss books they have read. It is often simply called a book club, a term that may cause confusion with a book sales club. Other terms include reading group, book group, and book discussion group. Book discussion clubs may meet in private homes, libraries, bookstores, online forums, pubs, and cafés, or restaurants, sometimes over meals or drinks.

A practice also associated with book discussion, common reading program or common read, involves institutions encouraging their members to discuss select books in group settings; common reading programs are often organized by educational institutions.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Eleftherios Venizelos Foundation
Eleftherios Venizelos Foundation is a national research foundation in Chania, Crete, founded on 26 March 2000. It is a center for research and study of the work and the era of Eleftherios Venizelos. Its activities include organizing events, conferences, education, research, awards, grants, exhibitions, collaborations and publications. The Foundation premises are located in the residence of Eleftherios Venizelos in Halepa square, Chania.

Chania
Chania (Greek: Χανιά, Khaniá, pronounced [xaˈɲa] ⓘ), also sometimes romanized as Hania, is a city in Greece and the capital of the Chania regional unit. It lies along the north west coast of the island Crete, about 70 km (43 mi) west of Rethymno and 145 km (90 mi) west of Heraklion.

The municipality has 111,375 inhabitants (2021). This consists of the city of Chania and several nearby areas, including Kounoupidiana, Mournies, Souda, Nerokouros, Daratsos, Perivolia, Galatas and Aroni.
Mentat Portable Streams
Mentat Portable Streams (MPS) was a platform independent implementation of the UNIX System V STREAMS networking protocol stack, normally sold with the Mentat TCP stack providing TCP/IP support. Portable Streams was used in a number of commercial products, including Apple Computer's Open Transport, AIX, VxWorks, Palm OS's Cobalt, Novell's UnixWare and other systems. Mentat also ported the system to Linux and Windows NT as a standalone product. Portable Streams was written by Mentat, who was purchased by Packeteer in 2004.

STREAMS
In computer networking, STREAMS is the native framework in Unix System V for implementing character device drivers, network protocols, and inter-process communication. In this framework, a stream is a chain of coroutines that pass messages between a program and a device driver (or between a pair of programs). STREAMS originated in Version 8 Research Unix, as Streams (not capitalized).

STREAMS's design is a modular architecture for implementing full-duplex I/O between kernel and device drivers. Its most frequent uses have been in developing terminal I/O (line discipline) and networking subsystems. In System V Release 4, the entire terminal interface was reimplemented using STREAMS. An important concept in STREAMS is the ability to push drivers –  custom code modules which can modify the functionality of a network interface or other device –  together to form a stack. Several of these drivers can be chained together in order.
Prince regent
A prince regent or princess regent is a prince or princess who, due to their position in the line of succession, rules a monarchy as regent in the stead of a monarch, e.g., as a result of the sovereign's incapacity (minority or illness) or absence (e.g., by remoteness, such as exile or long voyage, or the absence of an incumbent).

While the term itself can have the generic meaning and refer to any prince or princess who fills the role of regent, historically it has mainly been used to describe a small number of individual princes and princesses who were regents of non-principalities.

Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
Ioan Țepelea
Ioan Țepelea (3 June 1949 – 26 March 2012) was the president of the international Academy of Sciences, Literature and Arts (ASLA), based in Oradea, Romania.

He was born on 3 June 1949, in the village of Beznea, near Bratca, Bihor County, Romania. He studied history and philosophy at Cluj-Napoca and has written many books about Romania and Europe in general at the time of World War I.

Țepelea died on 26 March 2012.

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
AEG Ogden
AEG Ogden was an Australian company that managed sports venues and convention centres in Australia and Asia. It was a joint venture between Australian interests and AEG Facilities (affiliate of Anschutz Entertainment Group) and Australian investors.

In 2019, the company merged with the property management company SMG, and rebranded as ASM Global.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Xestia perquiritata
Xestia perquiritata, the boomerang dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Herbert Knowles Morrison in 1874. It is found across North America from Newfoundland, Labrador and northern New England, west to central Yukon, British Columbia and Washington. There are several disjunct populations, including one in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and a coastal bog in central Oregon.

The wingspan is 38–45 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on various spruce-fir species. They have been reared on Picea glauca, Picea engelmannii, Abies balsamea and Abies lasiocarpa.

Abies balsamea
Abies balsamea or balsam fir is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada (Newfoundland west to central Alberta) and the northeastern United States (Minnesota east to Maine, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to West Virginia).
The Legend of Heroes: A Tear of Vermillion
The Legend of Heroes: A Tear of Vermillion is a 1996 role-playing video game developed by Nihon Falcom. It is the fourth game in The Legend of Heroes series, and the second in the Gagharv trilogy. Originally released for the NEC PC-9801 in 1996, it was later released for the PlayStation in 1998 and Windows in 2000. A remake was released for the PlayStation Portable in 2005, which was the first North American release of a Legend of Heroes game since Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes for the TurboGrafx-16. The North American release dropped the number from the title.

Nihon Falcom
Nihon Falcom Corporation (日本ファルコム株式会社) is a Japanese video game developer, best known for their Ys, The Legend of Heroes, and Trails series. They are credited with pioneering the action role-playing and Japanese role-playing game genres, as well as popularizing the use of personal computers in Japan.
Miss Universe Spain 2016
Miss Universe Spain 2016 was the fourth edition of the Miss Universe Spain beauty contest. It was held on December 5, 2016, at the Barceló Theater in the city of Madrid. Sofía del Prado, second runner-up of Miss Spain Universe 2015 and winner of Reina Hispanoamericana 2015, crowned Noelia Freire Benito as Miss Spain Universe 2016, which will represent Spain in the Miss Universe 2016 contest.

Miss Universe 2016
Miss Universe 2016 was the 65th Miss Universe pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on January 30, 2017. This was the second time that the pageant skipped a year, after Miss Universe 2014 was held in January 2015.

The winner, Iris Mittenaere of France was crowned by Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines. It was France's first win in sixty-three years, and its second overall win.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in the pageant. Steve Harvey was the host, and  plus-sized model Ashley Graham was the backstage host. American entertainers Flo Rida and Boyz II Men were the acts.
ISP redirect page
An ISP redirect page is a spoof page served by major ISPs including: Cox Communications, Embarq, Verizon, Rogers, Earthlink, and various others when World Wide Web users enter an invalid DNS name.

If a user types in an incorrect Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://wikipedia.orf instead of http://wikipedia.org, the ISP's DNS server will respond with a spoofed DNS response that redirects the user to an advertising web page.

Embarq
Embarq Corporation was the largest independent local exchange carrier in the United States (below the Baby Bells), serving customers in 18 states and providing local, long-distance, high-speed data and wireless services to residential and business customers. It had been formerly the local telephone division (LTD) of Sprint Nextel until 2006, when it was spun off as an independent company. Embarq produced more than $6 billion in revenues annually, and had approximately 18,000 employees. It was based in Overland Park, Kansas.

In 2009, it was purchased by CenturyTel, which rebranded as CenturyLink (now known as Lumen Technologies) after the merger.
La cura per me
"La cura per me" ("The Treatment for Me") is a song co-written and recorded by Italian singer Giorgia. It was released on 12 February 2025 through Sony Music and Epic Records as the second single from her twelfth studio album G.

The song competed during the Sanremo Music Festival 2025, finishing in sixth position. It marked the singer's sixth participation on the main contest, previously participating with "Parole dette male" in 2023. With over 2 million copies sold worldwide, it was the best-selling single of 2025 by a female artist in Italy.

Sanremo Music Festival 2023
The Sanremo Music Festival 2023 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2023), officially the 73rd Italian Song Festival (73º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 73rd edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held in the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 7 and 11 February 2023, and was presented for the fourth time in a row by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition, with Gianni Morandi co-hosting.

The festival was won by Marco Mengoni with "Due vite", earning him the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023; Mengoni had previously won Sanremo in 2013 and had represented Italy in that year's Eurovision.
Henry Spence
Henry Reginald Spence OBE (22 June 1897 – 11 September 1981) was a Scottish Unionist politician.

Spence was commissioned in the Royal Flying Corps in 1915; with No. 16 Squadron in 1916-17 and with 12 Wing RAF in 1918 (under Ginger Mitchell). He was later Area Commandant of the Air Training Corps for North-East Scotland.

He was British Cross Country Ski Champion, Mürren in 1929. He worked in textile manufacturing and industry and was managing partner of a firm and director of four others.

Spence was Unionist Member of Parliament for Aberdeen and Kincardine Central from 1945 to 1950 and for West Aberdeenshire from 1950 to 1959.

He died in Kensington and Chelsea, aged 84.

Aberdeenshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeenshire was a Scottish county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1868.

In 1868 it was divided to create Eastern Aberdeenshire and Western Aberdeenshire.
Ipswich Martyrs
The Ipswich Martyrs were nine people burnt at the stake for their Lollard or Protestant beliefs around 1515-1558. The executions were mainly carried out in the centre of Ipswich, Suffolk on The Cornhill, the square in front of Ipswich Town Hall. At that time the remains of the medieval church of St Mildred were used for the town's Moot Hall. Later, in 1645 Widow Lakeland was executed on the same site on the orders of Matthew Hopkins, the notorious Witchfinder General.

Other groups of Protestants were persecuted (and some martyred) in various parts of Suffolk during the same period, notably those of Hadleigh, Beccles, Yoxford, Laxfield, Wetheringsett, Stowmarket, Framsden, Hintlesham, Haverhill, Winston, Mendlesham, Stoke-by-Nayland, East Bergholt, Dedham, Thwaite, Bedfield, Crowfield, Long Melford, Somerton and Little Stonham. The most famous was Dr Rowland Taylor of Hadleigh, burnt on Aldham Common in 1555. His ghost is said to haunt both Hadleigh and Aldham.

Winston, Suffolk
Winston is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around 8 miles (13 km) east of Stowmarket, the 2011 Census showed that the population of the parish of Winston is 159. The parish also contains the settlements of Winston Green and Fenn Street. There is a church and an old school room, and every year there is a Winston Village Fete. A lot of the village of Winston is based around 14th Century Church, with multiple 16th Century cottages and farmhouses along church lane, showing the villages agricultural past, the area of Winston is still agricultural based with farms and fields all over the parish. Winston and the surrounding area is approximately 45m-50m above sea level making the area unlikely to flood, unless in exceptional circumstances.    
In the 1870s Winston was described as:

Winston, a parish, with a village, in Bosmere district, Suffolk; 1 mile SSE of Debenham, and 7 NE of Needham r. station.
Aké Loba
Gérard Aké Loba (15 August 1927 in Abobo, in the Abobo Baoule neighborhood – 3 August 2012 in Aix-en-Provence, France) was an Ivorian diplomat and writer. He won the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire in 1961.

He was also a member of the parliament and mayor of the town of Abobo in Abidjan from 1985 to 1990.

Groupe Flammarion
Groupe Flammarion (French: [gʁup flamaʁjɔ̃]) is a French publishing group, comprising many units, including its namesake, founded in 1876 by Ernest Flammarion, as well as units in distribution, sales, printing and bookshops (La Hune and Flammarion Center). Flammarion became part of the Italian media conglomerate RCS MediaGroup in 2000. Éditions Gallimard acquired Flammarion from RCS MediaGroup in 2012. Subsidiaries include Casterman. Its headquarters in Paris are in the building that was the former Café Voltaire (named in honour of the writer and philosopher Voltaire), located on the Place de l'Odeon in the current 6th arrondissement of Paris.

Flammarion is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Gega (surname)
Gega is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armand Gega (born 1987), Albanian footballer

Fatbardha Gega (1919-1999), Albanian pedagogist

Liri Gega (1917–1956), Albanian communist activist and politician

Luiza Gega (born 1988), Albanian athlete

Marta Gęga (born 1986), Polish handballer

Mehmet Gega (1921-2006), Albanian educator and activist

Ndoc Mark Gega (c. 1830-1908?), Albanian activist

Ornel Gega (born 1990), Albanian-born Italian rugby union player

Skënder Gega (born 1963), Albanian footballer

Theodore Agustin Gega (born 1994) Albanian rapper known as Sin Boy

Ndoc Mark Gega
Ndoc Mark Gega (c. 1830 – 1908?) or Noc Mark Deda is an Albanian patriot who attained legendary status for his heroic resistance against Turkish and Serb invading forces, according to local lore.

Gega was born in Berishë, Pukë, into a family with a steadfast commitment to resisting occupiers. In 1908, following the Young Turks' ascent to power in Albania, they conducted thorough searches for arms in Albanian homes. Gega, along with his brothers Gjergj and Mehil, staunchly refused to surrender their weapons. For two months, Gega, together with highlanders (Malesor), defended their territories in the mountains against Turkish forces.
Richard Malanjum
Richard Malanjum (born 13 October 1952) is a Malaysian lawyer who served as the ninth Chief Justice of Malaysia and fourth Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak. Before joining the judicial service, he was a practising lawyer and was the president of the Sabah Law Association, the bar association for the state of Sabah.

Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak
The chief judge of Sabah and Sarawak (Malay: Hakim Besar Sabah dan Sarawak; Jawi: حاكيم بسر سابه دان سراوق‎), formerly the chief justice of Borneo, is the office and title of the head of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. The title has been in use since 24 June 1994, when the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak was renamed from the High Court of Borneo.

The High Court of Sabah and Sarawak is the third highest court of Malaysia alongside the High Court in Malaya. As such, the chief judge of Sabah and Sarawak is the fourth highest position in Malaysian judicial system after the Chief Justice of Malaysia, President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia and the Chief Judge of Malaya.
Light of Latgale
The Light of Latgale (Latvian: Latgales Gaisma; Latgalian: Latgolys Gaisma) was a Latgalian regionalist political party in Latvia.

The Light of Latgale was based in the city of Daugavpils and led by Daugavpils businessman Rihards Eigims. The party won the 2001 municipal elections in Daugavpils, with Eigims becoming the city's mayor. Eigims was the mayor until 2003 when he lost a confidence vote in the city council, after several city council members defected from The Light of Latgale. The Light of Latgale was the main opposition party in the Daugavpils city council until 2005.

The party was less successful outside Daugavpils. It held one seat on the city council of Krāslava. It failed to win seats in municipal elections elsewhere in Latgale. At the legislative elections on 5 October 2002, the party won 1.6% of the popular vote and no seats. The party disbanded on 7 February 2007.

Latgalian language
Latgalian (latgalīšu volūda, Latvian: latgaliešu valoda) is an East Baltic language. The language law of Latvia classifies it as a "historical variant of the Latvian language". It is mostly spoken in Latgale, the eastern part of Latvia. The 2011 Latvian census established that 164,500 of Latvia's inhabitants, or 8.8% of the population, speak Latgalian daily. 97,600 of them lived in Latgale, 29,400 in Riga and 14,400 in the Riga Planning Region.
Asarum rhombiformis
Asarum rhombiformis, the North Fork heartleaf or French Broad heartleaf, is a wildflower of the family Aristolochiaceae found in North Carolina and South Carolina in the United States. The population of this species discovered in 1982 included about 50 plants. It has been postulated that, due to similarities between the three plants, Asarum rhombiformis may be a natural hybrid between Asarum arifolium and another local Asarum species.

Asarum arifolium
Asarum arifolia (common names the little brown jug, arrowleaf, and heartleaf) is a perennial wildflower in the family Aristolochiaceae found in the southeastern United States, from Louisiana to Virginia, inland as far as Kentucky. It is considered a threatened species in Florida. The appearance of the flowers of Asarum arifolia, growing near the ground at the base of the plant, give it the common name "little brown jug."
Aue (Weser)
The Aue (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊə] ⓘ), also known as the Bückeburger Aue (German pronunciation: [ˈbʏkəbʊʁɡɐ -]), is an approximately 39 km (24 mi) long, eastern tributary of the river Weser in the Schaumburg District of Lower Saxony, and in the Minden-Lübbecke District of North Rhine-Westphalia. It flows into the Weser near Petershagen.

Petershagen
Petershagen (German pronunciation: [ˌpeːtɐsˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Päitershaugen) is a town in the Minden-Lübbecke district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the Westphalian Mill Route. The core is formed by the districts of Petershagen and Lahde, located opposite each other on the Weser. Its typical dialect belongs, as with the Bremer Platt to the Southern Oldenburgish variety Northern Low Saxon, itself a dialect of the Low German language.
Vale School-Community House
Vale School-Community House is a historic two-room school located near Oakton, Fairfax County, Virginia.  It was built about 1884 and expanded with a second room in 1912.  It is a one-story, two-room, wood-frame building on a stone and concrete foundation. It has a gable front with overhanging eaves, topped by a belfry with the school bell.  Also on the property is a well built in 1951 and the former location of a privy constructed in 1884.  The school closed in 1931 and was reopened as a Community House by the Vale Home Demonstration Club in 1935. The founder of the Vale Club was Florence Jodzies  who has been honored via historical marker. In 2018, Mrs Jodzies was included on the Wall of Honor of The Virginia Women’s Monument, located in Richmond's Capitol Square.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Gablefront house
A gablefront house, also called a gable-front house or front-gable house, is a vernacular (or "folk") house type in which the gable is facing the street or entrance side of the house. They were built in large numbers throughout the United States primarily between the early 19th century and 1920.

A gablefront cottage is a smaller variant, consisting of either a single story or a story and a half. They were typically used as working-class dwellings, most being rather simple in design. However, they may contain some ornamentation such as brackets around the doorways or roof line. Many gablefront houses contain front porches.