hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government of Puntland
The Government of Puntland (Somali: Dowladda Buntilaan; Arabic: حكومة أرض بنط) is the supreme governing authority of the semi-autonomous state of Puntland. The legal structure of Puntland consists of the judiciary (Supreme Court), legislative (House of Representatives) and the executive (the President, Vice president and his nominated council of Ministries) branches of government. Puntland has conducted seven presidential elections (1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2014, 2019, 2024). Five Presidents are elected by a 66-member unicameral parliament. Since 1998, the governing bodies have been located in the administrative capital of Garowe.

2019 Puntland presidential election
The 2019 Puntland presidential election was held on 8 January 2019 in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland state of Somalia. The fourth such vote to be held in the state since its establishment 1998, it followed the election of a new Parliament Speaker and Deputy Speakers on January 04, 2019 by the 66-seat bicameral legislature. Candidates included officials from the incumbent Puntland administration, former government ministers and prominent local entrepreneurs. The ballot saw the election of former somali minister of planning Said Abdullahi Deni as the sixth president of Puntland, narrowly defeating General Asad Osman Abdullahi. Parliament of Puntland concurrently elected Ahmed Elmi Osman as Puntland's new vice president in place of Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar.
In the Presence of Nothing
In the Presence of Nothing is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Lilys, co-released in 1992 by Slumberland Records and SpinART. The album was written and recorded in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

The album's title is a dig at Velvet Crush, who released In the Presence of Greatness the previous year. The album features Lilys frontman Kurt Heasley backed by members of Velocity Girl, the Ropers and Suddenly, Tammy!, and the band's early My Bloody Valentine influence is strongly in evidence, with Jason Ankeny of AllMusic even going as far as calling the album "the quick follow-up to Loveless that My Bloody Valentine never made", and Douglas Wolk of Trouser Press calling it "even more a product of hero-worship". Ankeny also called the album "a wonderful testament to shoegazing's brief but seminal moment in the sun."

Douglas Wolk
Douglas Wolk /ˈwoʊlk/ (born 1970) is a Portland, Oregon-based author and critic. He has written about comics and popular music for publications including The New York Times, Rolling Stone, The Washington Post, The Nation, The New Republic, Salon.com, Pitchfork Media, Vanity Fair, and The Believer. Wolk was the managing editor of CMJ New Music Monthly from 1993 to 1997, and hosted a radio show on WFMU from 1999 to 2001. He has four published books.

The most recent, All of the Marvels, tours the Marvel comics universe via his project of reading all 27,000 Marvel superhero comics. In support of that project, in January 2019 he launched a members-only reading group, wherein participants collectively read and discuss a single issue of a Marvel comic book every day. He frequently appears discussing comics on the YouTube channel of Portland comic book store, Books with Pictures.
English Through Actions
English through Actions is a book about the direct method of language education written by Harold E. Palmer and his daughter, Dorothee Palmer. It was first published in 1925 by the Japanese publisher Kaitakusha. The book includes various systematical materials for standard students, and helps teachers reduce preparation time.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Thurloo Downs
Thurloo Downs Station, most commonly known as Thurloo Downs, is a pastoral lease that has operated as both a sheep station and a cattle station in outback New South Wales. It is located approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) north of White Cliffs and 255 kilometres (158 mi) north west of Bourke on the Berawinnia Creek close to the Queensland border.

Established in 1883, the property today includes former stations Margalah, Caloola, Delalah Downs, and Yarralee. Since being purchased by the New South Wales Government in 2023, it has been undergoing conversion into a national park.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
Redfield, Arkansas
For people with the surname, see Redfield (surname).

Redfield, officially the City of Redfield, is a small city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States. Located about 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Little Rock, the city is part of the Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,505 in the 2020 census.

What is now Redfield was formerly part of the Quapaw Nation. Founded in 1880 by James K. Brodie, a 19th-century businessman; it was named for Jared E. Redfield, president of the Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway. It is home to two U.S. historic preservation districts.

Quapaw
The Quapaw (/ˈkwɔːpɔː/ KWAW-paw, Quapaw: Ogáxpa) or Arkansas, officially the Quapaw Nation, is a U.S. federally recognized tribe comprising about 6,000 citizens. Also known as the Ogáxpa or “Downstream” people, their ancestral homelands are traced from what is now the Ohio River, west to the Mississippi River to present-day St. Louis, south across present-day Arkansas and eastern and southern Oklahoma. The government forcibly removed them from Arkansas Territory in 1834. The tribal capital is Quapaw, Oklahoma.
Chiara Scholl
Chiara "Chichi" Scholl (born July 5, 1992) is an American tennis player.

Scholl has won 11 singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 17 October 2011, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 164. On 13 August 2018, she peaked at No. 187 in the WTA doubles rankings.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide
Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide is a live album by industrial metal band Nailbomb which captures the band's live appearance at the 1995 Dynamo Open Air Festival. The album cover is a picture of the aftermath of the infamous Jonestown suicides. The album's title is a reference to the fact that the band promised they would release only one album.

Industrial metal
Industrial metal is the fusion of heavy metal and industrial music, typically employing repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals. Prominent industrial metal acts include Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, Fear Factory, Rammstein, KMFDM, and Godflesh.

Industrial metal developed in the late 1980s, as industrial and metal began to fuse into a common genre.  Industrial metal did well in the early 1990s, particularly in North America, with the success of groups such as Nine Inch Nails, but its popularity began to fade in the latter half of the 1990s.
Joe King (musician)
Joseph Aaron King (born May 25, 1980) is an American singer and songwriter from Cortez, Colorado. He is a vocalist, songwriter and guitarist for Denver-based rock band the Fray, which he formed with schoolmate and fellow musician Isaac Slade in 2002.

Cortez, Colorado
Cortez (/ˈkɔːrtɛz/ ⓘ) is a home-rule municipality that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 8,766 at the 2020 United States census.
Larry McAfee
Larry McAfee (November 18, 1955 – October 1, 1995) was an American figure in the right to die and disability rights movements. A C1 quadriplegic, he successfully sued the State of Georgia for the right to disconnect his ventilator, but chose to remain alive after receiving further accommodations for his disability.

The 1993 film, The Switch, was based on McAfee's life and his relationship with Russ Fine, a radio talk show doctor who befriended him and became his spokesman.

Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis (paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord, and arm function is retained). The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control.
Ronald Severa
Ronald "Ron" Duane Severa (born August 13, 1936) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Severa was a member of the American water polo team which finished fifth in the 1956 tournament. He played three matches.

Severa attended Compton College and the University of Southern California.  He was on the water polo team at the later institution.

Four years later he finished seventh with the American team in the 1960 tournament. He played all seven matches and scored four goals.

Severa was also a member of two USA Pan American teams. He won a gold medal in the 1959 Games in Chicago, IL, and a silver medal in the 1963 Games in São Paulo, Brazil.

In 1977, Severa was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the USC Hall of Fame in 2007.

Compton College
Compton College is a public community college in Compton, California. From 2006, when it lost its regional accreditation, to 2017, when it regained that accreditation, it operated as a part of El Camino College. Before and after the partnership with El Camino College, the college was operated by the Compton Community College District.
British Rail Class EF1
The Class EF1 (Electric Freight 1) was a class of electrically powered locomotives built by the North Eastern Railway from 1914. They were built to haul coal trains from the mines at Shildon to the docks at Middlesbrough.  In common with other LNER electric locomotives, no classification was given to these locomotives until 4 October 1945, when nos. 3-12 were all classified EB1 (Electric Banking 1) although only no. 11 was actually modified for banking. It was expected that all the locomotives would be similarly modified, but this did not happen, and the remaining locos were classified as EF1 (Electric Freight 1).

Ken Hoole
Ken Hoole (1916–1988) was an English historian known for his works on the railways of the north east of England.

The Ken Hoole Study Centre at the Darlington Railway Centre and Museum, and the Ken Hoole Trust are named after him.
Maria Abbracchio
Maria Pia Abbracchio is an Italian pharmacologist who researches the biochemical effect of drugs at the cellular level who has conducted research all over the world and is one of the scientists Thomson Reuters has named as most cited scientists since 2006. She is known for her work with purinergic receptors and identification of GPR17. In 2014, she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic for her individual scientific accomplishments.

GPR17
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GPR17 gene located on chromosome 2 at position q21. The actual activating ligands for and some functions of this receptor are disputed.
West Deeping
West Deeping is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 255. It is situated on the A1175 road, 5 miles (8 km) east from Stamford and 2 miles (3.2 km) west from Market Deeping. It is the smallest of The Deepings group of villages situated around the A1175 road. Village population is 277.

The name 'Deeping' comes from the Old English deoping meaning 'deep place'.

The Roman road of King Street passes through the village and crosses the A1175.

The church of St Andrew dates back to the 13th century, with further additions in 1676 and 1803 and a restoration in 1876–77, and is Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular in style. It is part of The Uffington Group of the Deanery of Stamford, in the Diocese of Lincoln.

The village public house is the Red Lion.

Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle (Koine Greek: Ἀνδρέας, romanized: Andréas [anˈdre.aːs̠]; Latin: Andreas [än̪ˈd̪reː.äːs]; Aramaic: אַנדּרֵאוָס; Classical Syriac: ܐܰܢܕ݁ܪܶܐܘܳܣ, romanized: ʾAnd'raʾwās) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.

The title First-Called (Πρωτόκλητος, Prōtoklētos) used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognising him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Peter to him.

According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Andrew is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Pietà (Southern German, Cloisters)
Pietà (German: Vesperbild) a small painted wood sculpture dated to c. 1375–1400, now in the collection of the Cloisters, New York. Very little is known of it, except that is probably of southern German origin. The statuette emphasises the suffering of both the Virgin and Jesus Christ. Its stylistic characteristics, including its iconography, pathos, austerity, high reliefs and links to 13th century German mysticism texts, suggest it probably came from, or near, the Rhine Valley.

Mary is shown in grief and mourning, holding the body of her son on her lap, as she leans over him and faces towards his crown of thorns. Christ body is emaciated, shrunken, decomposing and lacerated with the wounds of his crucifixion. Because of its small size and intimacy, the Pietà was probably not intended for a main church altar, rather for either a side altar or home altar to be viewed by those in repentance.

Rhine Valley
Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal [ˈʁaɪ̯nˌtaːl] ⓘ) is the valley, or any section of it, of the river Rhine in Europe.

Particular valleys of the Rhine or any of its sections:

Alpine Rhine Valley
Chur Rhine Valley (or Grisonian Rhine Valley; German: Churer Rheintal, or sometimes Bündner Rheintal) between Reichenau and Sargans, East Switzerland
St. Gallen Rhine Valley (also: St. Gall Rhine Valley; German: St. Galler Rheintal, however commonly known as Rheintal) between Sargans and Lake Constance, East Switzerland

High Rhine Valley

Upper Rhine Valley (or Upper Rhine Plain, also known as Rhine Rift Valley; German: Oberrheintal), a rift valley between Basel and Bingen am Rhein, Germany

Middle Rhine Valley (German: Mittelrheintal)

Lower Rhine Valley
Worm-snail
The common name worm-snail (or worm snail, wormsnail, or worm shell) applies to a family and several species of gastropod:

Vermetidae (family)
Dendropoma corallinaceum
Thylacodes (genus)
Thylacodes aotearoicus
Thylacodes natalensis
Thylacodes squamigerus
Thylacodes zelandicus

Vermicularia knorrii (common name Florida worm snail)

Vermetidae
The Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of species in the family Vermetidae are extremely irregular, and do not resemble the average snail shell, hence the common name "worm shells" or "worm snails".

These snails usually grow cemented onto a hard surface, or cemented together in colonies.
Neutraface
Neutraface is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Christian Schwartz for House Industries, an American digital type foundry. It was influenced by the work of architect Richard Neutra and was developed with the assistance of Neutra's son and former partner, Dion Neutra.

Type foundry
A type foundry is a company that designs or distributes typefaces. Before digital typography, type foundries manufactured and sold metal and wood typefaces for hand typesetting, and matrices for line-casting machines like the Linotype and Monotype, for letterpress printers. Today's digital type foundries accumulate and distribute typefaces (typically as digitized fonts) created by type designers, who may either be freelancers operating their own independent foundry, or employed by a foundry. Type foundries may also provide custom type design services.
Julian Gloag
Julian Gloag (2 July 1930 – 12 September 2023) was an English novelist. He was the author of eleven novels, the best known of which is his first, Our Mother’s House (1963), which was made into a film of the same name starring Dirk Bogarde.

Gloag was born in London, where he was largely brought up. He attended Magdalene College, Cambridge, and then emigrated to the United States before settling in France. Though his literary reputation has declined somewhat in Britain, he remains popular in France, where he lived much of his life, and there most of his work is available in translation from Gallimard. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1970.

Gloag died in Provins on 12 September 2023, at the age of 93.

Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (French: [edisjɔ̃ ɡalimaːʁ]), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003, it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.

Founded by Gaston Gallimard in 1911, the publisher is now majority-owned by his grandson Antoine Gallimard.

Éditions Gallimard is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Dongjin, Hubei
Dongjin (simplified Chinese: 东津; traditional Chinese: 東津; pinyin: Dōngjīn; lit. 'east ford') is a town of Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China, located in the eastern suburbs of the city and on the eastern (left) bank of the Han River. As of 2011, it has one residential community (居委会) and 53 villages under its administration.

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
William Matthews (bookbinder)
William Matthews was an American bookbinder once called "the most famous bookbinder America has produced".

Matthews was born in Scotland in 1822. In 1833 he was enrolled in the London Orphan Asylum After leaving he apprenticed with London bookbinders Remnant and Edmonds. In December 1843 be emigrated to Brooklyn, New York where he married Julia Elizabeth Marle, daughter of bookbinder William Marle.

Matthews was naturalized an American citizen in 1850, showed his work at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial and died in 1896.

Centennial Exposition
The Centennial International Exhibition, officially the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876. It was the first official world's fair to be held in the United States and coincided with the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence's adoption in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.

It was held in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann. Nearly 10 million visitors attended the exposition, and 37 countries participated in it.
Petra Farewell
Farewell is the second live album released by Christian rock band Petra. It was released in 2005. A DVD of the concert was released in 2006.

This is the band's second live album, and it was recorded during the band's Farewell tour in Franklin, Tennessee on October 4, 2005.

The concert features guest appearances by two former members of the band: singer Greg X. Volz and keyboardist John Lawry.

Bob Hartman
Robert "Bob" Hartman (born December 26, 1949) is a Christian artist, guitarist, writer and songwriter. He is the founder of Christian rock band Petra.  Hartman was involved with the band from its foundation in 1972 to its end in 2005. (Petra is currently on tour in 2025 as part of their "50th Reunion Tour," with upcoming shows in Jacksonville, Pensacola, and other cities. While the band formally disbanded, it has since reformed for reunion tours, the most recent being the 2025 tour.) He took a break from touring in 1995, but continued to write most of the band's songs, record guitars and produce most of the albums.  He officially returned to touring with Petra in 2003 until he decided to retire the band in late 2005. Hartman also toured with Petra in 2023 for the band's 50th Anniversary Tour.
St Thomas' Church, Crosscrake
St Thomas' Church is in the village of Crosscrake, Cumbria, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the Deanery of Kendal, the Archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the Diocese of Carlisle.

The church was built in 1874–75, and was designed by the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin. It has since been modified but retains its Gothic Revival style.

Archdeacon of Westmorland and Furness
The Archdeacon of Westmorland and Furness is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Carlisle. They are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within its four rural deaneries: Barrow, Windermere, Kendal and Furness.

The archdeaconry of Westmorland was erected by Order-in-Council of 10 August 1847 from the Archdeaconry of Richmond, but that Order did not come into effect until Hugh Percy (Bishop of Carlisle) died on the 5th of February 1856 (because he did not consent to the changes to his diocese). The Archdeaconry of Furness was erected by further Order-in-Council in 1884; they were subsequently merged to form the current archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness. The incumbent is Vernon Ross.