hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herdshare
A herdshare is a contractual arrangement between a farmer and an owner of livestock - the shareholder or member - through which the shareholder is able to obtain raw milk, meat, offal and other profits of the livestock proportionate to the shareholder's interest in the herd.  Herdshares include cowshares, goatshares, and sheepshares, and are sometime referred to as "farmshares" or "dairy-shares," although the term "farmshare" can also refer to an entire farm (buildings, land, equipment, etc.)  held in joint ownership.

A herdshare enables consumers to obtain raw (unpasteurized) milk in a jurisdiction that may otherwise prohibit the sale of raw milk.  Parties may also choose to enter into herdshare agreements even in jurisdictions that do permit some type of raw milk sale because a herdshare may provide a more economically secure business model for a dairy farmer than conventional dairy farming otherwise would provide for.

Bailment
Bailment is a legal relationship at common law, where the owner of personal property ("chattel")  transfers physical possession of that property to another, who holds the property for a certain purpose, while the transferor retains ownership. The owner who surrenders custody of a property is called the "bailor" and the individual who accepts the property is called a "bailee". The bailee is the person who possesses the personal property  for the owner for a set time and for a precise reason and who delivers the property back to the owner when they have accomplished the purpose that was initially intended.
Nadia Gruny
Nadia Gruny (born 23 April 1984) is an American former cricketer. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut for the United States women's cricket team on 17 May 2019, against Canada, in the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Americas tournament.

In August 2019, she was named in United States' squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. She played in the United States' opening match of the tournament, on 31 August 2019, against Scotland. She was the leading run-scorer for the United States in the tournament, with 98 runs in five matches.

In February 2021, she was named in the Women's National Training Group by the USA Cricket Women's National Selectors ahead of the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournaments. In September 2021, USA Cricket confirmed that Gruny had retired from playing international cricket.

Canada women's national cricket team
The Canada women's national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Canada in international women's cricket matches. The team made its international debut in 2006, although Cricket Canada has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1968. Canada is one of the leading associate members in the ICC Americas region. The team is yet to qualify for any ICC global events but did reach the 2013 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier.
Mike Kochel
Michael Joseph Kochel (March 6, 1916 – September 18, 1994) was a professional American football guard in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the 19th round of the 1939 NFL Draft. He played one season for the Chicago Cardinals (1939).

One of the Seven Blocks of Granite for the Fordham Rams football team, Kochel was inducted into the school's hall of fame in 1975.

Fordham Rams football
The Fordham Rams football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Fordham University, located in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Patriot League. Fordham's first football team was fielded 144 years ago in 1882; the team plays its home games on campus at 7,000-seat Coffey Field.

Since 2018, the Rams have been led by head coach Joe Conlin, previously the offensive coordinator at Yale. He is a distant relative of Ed Conlin (1933–2012), Fordham's all-time leading scorer in basketball who played seven seasons in the NBA.
18th Busan International Film Festival
The 18th Busan International Film Festival was held from October 3 to October 12, 2013 and was hosted by Aaron Kwok and Kang Soo-yeon.

The 10-day festival attracted 217,865 people despite the organizers having been forced to reschedule some events due to a typhoon. Upcoming filmmakers from South Korea and Mongolia won $30,000 for the New Currents Awards. Over 299 films from 70 countries were screened, with 94 world premieres and 40 international premieres. The event opened with Bhutanese film Vara: A Blessing and closed with the South Korean film The Dinner.

Jalanan
Jalanan (“Streetside” in Bahasa Indonesia) is a 2013 feature-length Indonesian documentary film directed and produced by Daniel Ziv and featuring Jakarta street musicians Bambang "Ho" Mulyono, Titi Juwariyah and Boni Putera. The movie follows the three musicians as they perform songs on Jakarta's commuter buses, clash with the law and confront the tumultuous politics of modern-day Indonesia. It follows them back to their home villages in East Java and traces their quest for legitimacy, identity and love in their adopted city of Jakarta.
Jalanan won the Best Documentary prize at the prestigious Busan International Film Festival in October, 2013.
Members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, 1990–1994
This is a list of members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 1987 to 1990.

1  Millner Labor MLA Terry Smith resigned on 21 November 1991. Labor candidate Ken Parish won the resulting by-election on 7 December.

2  Arafura Labor MLA Stan Tipiloura died on 20 September 1992. Labor candidate Maurice Rioli won the resulting by-election on 7 November.

3  Brennan CLP MLA Max Ortmann lost preselection prior to the 1994 election and became an independent.

Max Ortmann
Maxwell Henry Ortmann (born 3 June 1941) is a former Australian politician. He was the Country Liberal Party member for Brennan in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 1990 to 1994. Ortmann defeated sitting CLP MLA Col Firmin both for preselection and when Firmin ran as an independent. He earned the sobriquet "Mad Max" following an incident where he wrapped a microphone cord around the neck of Jeremy Thompson, an ABC reporter, after a series of probing questions. Ortmann lost preselection to Denis Burke in 1994 and was defeated as an independent.
Towosahgy State Historic Site
Towosahgy State Historic Site (23MI2), also known as Beckwith's Fort Archeological Site, is a large Mississippian archaeological site with a Woodland period Baytown culture component located in Mississippi County, Missouri, United States. It is believed to have been inhabited from c. 400–1350 CE. The site is maintained by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources as a state historic site. The name Towosahgy is an Osage word which means "old town". It is not known if members of the historic Osage people, who dominated a large area of present-day Missouri at the beginning of the 19th century, ever occupied the site. The site was acquired by the Missouri state park system in 1967 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 as NRIS number 69000113.

Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a collection of Native American societies that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds, and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center, located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley (for which it is named). Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point. Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539–1540 (when Hernando de Soto explored the area), with notable exceptions being Natchez communities. These maintained Mississippian cultural practices into the 18th century.
La Vid y Barrios
La Vid y Barrios is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 322 inhabitants. Its seat is in Zuzones.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories
The European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL) in an organization founded in 1977 under the auspices of the European Space Agency, the Council of Europe and the European Commission.
As of 2020, EARSeL encompasses more than 250 remote sensing research laboratories across Europe.

It co-sponsors the European Journal of Remote Sensing (published by Taylor & Francis), the Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing book series (published by Springer Nature), and the EARSeL conference proceedings series.

Book series
A book series, or a novel series, is a sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group. Book series can be organized in different ways, such as written by the same author, or marketed as a group by their publisher.
Techtro Swades United Women's FC
Techtro Swades United Women's Football Club is an Indian women's football department of  Techtro Swades United FC. The team is based in Una, Himachal Pradesh. It competes in the Himachal Women's League.

The club was established in March 2021. In the same month, they were crowned as the champions of inaugural edition of Himachal Women's League and advanced to Indian Women's League.

2020–21 Indian Women's League
The 2020–21 Indian Women's League was to be the fifth season of the Indian Women's League, the top division women's professional football league in India. The final round was scheduled to start from 21 April 2021 in Odisha but was later postponed due 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India.

The AFC (Asian Football Confederation) announced that the winners of the 2020-21 IWL will get to feature in the 2021 edition of AFC Women's Club Championship, the premier women's club tournament of Asia.
Kannadi Higher Secondary School
Kannadi Higher Secondary School is situated in the Kannadi panchayath in the Palakkad district. It was established in 1998.  It is about five kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Palakkad town, on the side of NH-47. The school offers courses for higher secondary studies, for 11th and 12th grade, students who  passed their tenth grade. High school sections includes more personality development activities along with the curriculum based  objectives.

National Highway 544 (India)
National Highway 544, commonly referred to as NH 544, is a 340-kilometre-long (210 mi) National Highway in South India connecting Salem in Tamil Nadu to Kochi in Kerala. It is a spur of National Highway 44 and forms part of the North–South corridor of the National Highway Development Project. The highway passes through the cities of Erode, Tiruppur, Coimbatore, Palakkad, and Thrissur. It was formerly designated National Highway 47.
Jorhat Law College
Jorhat Law College is a Private law school situated at Jorhat in the Indian state of Assam. It offers 3 years law courses, 5 Year Integrated B.A. LL.B.and LL.B. courses affiliated to Dibrugarh University. This College is recognised by Bar Council of India, New Delhi.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Prenylcysteine oxidase
In enzymology, a prenylcysteine oxidase (EC 1.8.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O  a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are S-prenyl-L-cysteine, O2, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are prenal, L-cysteine, and H2O2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-prenyl-L-cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called prenylcysteine lyase.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Banu Khurman
The Banu Khurman were a local tribe in Wadi Ajal and the Murzuq region in the Fezzan (present-day Libya). They have also historically been referred to as "Qurmān", "Husmān", or "Khurmān".  They have been identified by some writers as probable descendants of the Garamantes.

At an uncertain date, perhaps around 1500, they established their domination over the Fezzan region, following the Kanem Empire's loss of power in this region. In 1320, the Banu Khurman raged a deadly war against the Kanem empire and their vassals in the region. Some time after their war with Kanem, in 1330 the Banu Khurman led a large campaign against Ghadames. Some Arab sources suggest Hafsid involvement, but no clear sources suggest that they were able to capture Ghadames.

Their domination of the Fezzan region was later usurped by the Awlad Muhammad tribe, which remained a dominant force here until the early 19th century.

Ghadames
Ghadames or Ghadamis /ɡəˈdæmɪs/ (Ghadamsi:  ⵄⴰⴷⴻⵎⴻⵙ / Ɛadēməs [ʕadeːməs], Arabic: غدامس, Italian: Gadames) is an oasis town in the Nalut District of the Tripolitania region in northwestern Libya.

Ghadames, known as 'the pearl of the desert', stands in an oasis. It is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and an example of a traditional settlement. Its domestic architecture is characterized by a vertical division of functions: the ground floor used to store supplies; the first floor is for the family, overhanging covered alleys that create what is almost an underground network of passageways; and, at the top, open-air terraces reserved for the women.
Practice Makes Paper
Practice Makes Paper is the twenty-sixth album by the American rapper E-40. It was released on July 26, 2019, by Heavy on the Grind Entertainment.

The album features guest appearances from Anthony Hamilton, ASAP Ferg, Chris Brown, Fabolous, G-Eazy, Quavo, Rick Ross, Roddy Ricch, Scarface, Schoolboy Q, Tee Grizzley, Wiz Khalifa, Method Man and Redman, among others.

Redman (rapper)
Reginald Noble (born April 17, 1970), better known by his stage name Redman, is an American rapper and record producer. He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an artist on Def Jam Recordings.

He is well known for his collaborations with his close friend Method Man, as one-half of the rap duo Method Man & Redman including their starring roles in films and sitcoms which include How High and Method and Red.  He was also a member of the Def Squad in the late 1990s.
Ricky Woods
Ricky Woods (born July 27, 1984) is an American former professional basketball player. On November 1, 2007, he was selected by the Idaho Stampede with the 29th overall pick in the 2007 NBA D-League draft.

Salt Lake City Stars
The Salt Lake City Stars are an American minor-league basketball team. They are a member of the NBA G League, based in the Salt Lake City suburb of West Valley City, Utah, and are affiliated with the Utah Jazz. Their home arena is the Maverik Center. Before the 2016–17 season, they were based in Boise, Idaho, and were known as the Idaho Stampede.
Tautology (rule of inference)
In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs. They are:

The principle of idempotency of disjunction:

and the principle of idempotency of conjunction:

Where "" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a logical proof with".

Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
President of Sierra Leone
The president of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government, the president implements laws passed by parliament. The president has influence especially over members of the party of the president in the legislative branch of Parliament. The president constitutionally appoints judges of the Sierra Leone Judicial branch, including judges of the high court, the court of appeals and the Supreme Court. The president heads a Cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. The president is the most powerful, and the most influential person in the Government of Sierra Leone. The president of Sierra Leone is formally addressed as His Excellency.

Hill station
A hill station is a type of hill town, mostly in colonial Asia, but also in colonial Africa (albeit rarely), founded by European colonialists as a refuge from the summer heat. As historian Dane Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has the largest number of hill stations; most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft).
Kafr Halab
Kafr Halab (Arabic: كفر حلب, also spelled Kafar Halab) or Kafr Aleppo is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Atarib District of the Aleppo Governorate, located southwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Zardana to the west, Kafr Nuran, al-Jinah and Ibbin Samaan to the northwest, Urum al-Sughra to the north, al-Bawabiya to the south and Maarrat al-Ikhwan and Taftanaz to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Halab had a population of 4,136 in the 2004 census.

Kafr Halab was visited by Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the early 13th century during Ayyubid rule. He described it as "a village belonging to Aleppo [Halab]."

On 28 November 2024, the settlement was captured by HTS affiliated rebels during their offensive against the Syrian Army.

Atarib District
Atarib District (Arabic: منطقة الأتارب, romanized: manṭiqat al-Atārib) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Atarib.

The district is located in the central western region of the Aleppo Governorate, sharing its west border with the Idlib Governorate. Until December 2008, it was a subdistrict of the neighboring Mount Simeon District. At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 76,873.
Lake Yealering
Lake Yealering, also known as Yealering Lakes, is an ephemeral salt lake in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia located on the southern edge of the town of Yealering, 30 km (19 mi) north west of Wickepin and about 250 km (160 mi) south east of Perth.

Wickepin
Wickepin is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 214 kilometres (133 mi) south-east of Perth and 38 kilometres (24 mi) east of Narrogin. Wickepin had a population of 380 at the 2021 census.
Decapping complex
The mRNA decapping complex is a protein complex in eukaryotic cells responsible for removal of the 5' cap.  The active enzyme of the decapping complex is the bilobed Nudix family enzyme Dcp2, which hydrolyzes 5' cap and releases 7mGDP and a 5'-monophosphorylated mRNA. This decapped mRNA is inhibited for translation and will be degraded by exonucleases. The core decapping complex is conserved in eukaryotes. Dcp2 is activated by Decapping Protein 1 (Dcp1) and in higher eukaryotes joined by the scaffold protein VCS. Together with many other accessory proteins, the decapping complex assembles in P-bodies in the cytoplasm.

UPF3B
Regulator of nonsense transcripts 3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UPF3B gene.

This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. The encoded protein is one of two functional homologs to yeast Upf3p. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein binds to the mRNA and remains bound after nuclear export, acting as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. It forms with Y14 a complex that binds specifically 20 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. Two splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Ian Spittal
Ian Spittal (born 14 February 1965 in Glasgow), is a Scottish former footballer. He was a defender.

Spittal began his career with Partick Thistle, and went on to have spells at Stranraer and Arbroath. Spittal then joined junior side Pollok, before returning to the senior game with Clyde, signing along with 10 other players plucked from the junior ranks. Spittal was quickly appointed captain, a position which he held until his early retirement from football in November 1999 due to an eye injury. He was appointed coach of the Clyde reserve team, before returning to Pollok in 2001 as a coach.

Pollok F.C.
Pollok Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Newlands in the southside of the city of Glasgow. Founded in 1908, the club spent over a century in the junior ranks but now competes in the West of Scotland Football League in tier six of the Scottish football pyramid.  It is one of the biggest football clubs operating in Scottish non-league football, regularly attracting crowds of around 700, and drawing over 1000 for big matches. Pollok play at Newlandsfield Park  and wear black and white stripes. Their traditional rivals are Arthurlie of Barrhead.