hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GREGOR Solar Telescope
GREGOR is a solar telescope, equipped with a 1.5-metre primary mirror, located at 2,390 m altitude at the Teide Observatory on Tenerife in the Canary Islands. It replaces the older Gregory Coudé Telescope and was inaugurated on May 21, 2012. First light, using a 1-metre test mirror, was on March 12, 2009 (2009-03-12).

GREGOR is the third-largest solar telescope in the world, after the Big Bear Observatory and the McMath-Pierce solar telescope. It is aimed at observing the solar photosphere and chromosphere at visible and infrared wavelengths. GREGOR sports a high-order adaptive optics (AO) system with a 256-actuator deformable mirror and a 156-subaperture Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Efforts are underway to implement multi-conjugate AO in 2014.

Deformable mirror
Deformable mirrors (DM) are mirrors whose surface can be deformed, in order to achieve wavefront control and correction of optical aberrations. Deformable mirrors are used in combination with wavefront sensors and real-time control systems in adaptive optics. In 2006 they found a new use in femtosecond pulse shaping.

The shape of a DM can be controlled with a speed that is appropriate for compensation of dynamic aberrations present in the optical system. In practice the DM shape should be changed much faster than the process to be corrected, as the correction process, even for a static aberration, may take several iterations.

A DM usually has many degrees of freedom. Typically, these degrees of freedom are associated with the mechanical actuators and it can be roughly taken that one actuator corresponds to one degree of freedom.
1960 Night Series Cup
The 1960 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1960 VFL Premiership Season. This was the fifth season of the VFL Night Series. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1960 VFL finals series. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. South Melbourne went on to win the night series cup for the third time, defeating Hawthorn in the final by 13 points.

Albert Park, Victoria
Albert Park is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Melbourne's Central Business District. The suburb is named after Albert Park, a large lakeside urban park located within the City of Port Phillip local government area. Albert Park recorded a population of 6,044 at the 2021 census.

The suburb of Albert Park extends from the St Vincent Gardens to Beaconsfield Parade and Mills Street. It was settled residentially as an extension of Emerald Hill (South Melbourne). It is characterised by wide streets, heritage buildings, terraced houses, open air cafes, parks and significant stands of mature exotic trees, including Canary Island Date Palm and London Planes.

The Albert Park Circuit has been home to the Australian Grand Prix since 1996, with the exception of 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns.
Catherine Norton Sinclair
Catherine Norton Sinclair (1817–1891) was an actress-manager who worked with such notable actors as Junius Brutus Booth, Edwin Booth, and Laura Keene.  Her sensational divorce from Edwin Forrest captivated the American public in the mid-1800s.

Junius Brutus Booth
Junius Brutus Booth (1 May 1796 – 30 November 1852) was an English-born American actor. He was the father of actor John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. His other children included Edwin Booth, one of the foremost tragedians of the mid-to-late 19th century, Junius Brutus Booth Jr., an actor and theatre manager, and Asia Booth Clarke, a poet and writer.
Darshan Nalkande
Darshan Nalkande (born 4 October 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Vidarbha in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 2 October 2018. He made his first-class debut for Vidarbha in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018.

In December 2018, he was bought by the Punjab Kings in the player auction for the 2019 Indian Premier League (IPL). He made his Twenty20 debut for Vidarbha in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 February 2019. In February 2022, he was bought by the Gujarat Titans in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. In April 2022, he made his IPL debut against Punjab Kings.

Darshan Nalkande took four wickets in four balls in the final over of Karnataka's innings in 2021–22 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy national T20 tournament 20 November 2021.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
Kitlope River
The Kitlope River is a river in the Kitimat Ranges in the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, flowing north for 100 km (62 mi), into the head of the Gardner Canal to the south of the smelter town of Kitimat. It is named for the Gitlope group of Haisla, now part of the Haisla Nation government and community at Kitamaat Village near Kitimat.  The name is a Tsimshian language reference to the people, who call themselves Henaksiala, and means "people of the rocks" or "people of the opening in the mountains".  The Haisla language name for the river is Xesduwaxwsdu.

The term "the Kitlope" may refer also to the basin of the Kitlope, including the basins of its tributaries.  The area has been the scene of protracted conservationist vs. resource extraction controversy since the 1970s and is now the Kitlope Heritage Conservancy, a protected area managed by BC Parks.

The Kitlope Indian Reserve No. 16 is located at the river's mouth.

Haisla language
Haisla (Haisla: X̄aʼislak̓ala / X̌àh̓isl̩ak̓ala, [ˈχaʔislakʼala]) is a First Nations Wakashan language spoken by the Haisla people of the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, who are based in the village of Kitamaat.

The name "Haisla" is derived from the Haisla word xàʼisla or xàʼisəla, meaning 'dwellers downriver'. The Haisla and their language, along with that of the neighbouring Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv peoples, were in the past incorrectly called "Northern Kwakiutl".

Haisla is currently spoken by several hundred people but it is considered critically endangered. Haisla is geographically the northernmost Wakashan language. Its nearest Wakashan neighbor is Oowekyala.
Delhua
Delhua is a village, situated about 20 kilometers away from Nawada city in Bihar state. It comes to Sarakanda Panchayat of Govindpur Block. The distance of this market from Govindpur is about 3 kilometres. On the one hand, there are long chains of Sakri river and mountains on the other. The population here is around 2000. The majority of the population here is dependent on agriculture. The soil here is very fertile. There is also the cultivation of vegetables and pulses along with rice and wheat. Here the fields are small, hence there is traditional farming. The main market of this village is Govindpur. People used this market for shopping and as well as selling. Nowadays, a big Haat (bazaar) taken place on every Tuesday at the other side of Sakri river and it is called Mangal Haat located on Katruchak mod. In this Haat, many farmers of Delhua sell vegetables and human needs.

Nawada
Nawada is a town and a municipality in Bihar, India. It is also the Headquarters of the Nawada district. It is situated on both sides of the Khuri River at 24º 53’ N and 85º 33’ E. The name evolved from Nau-abad, meaning the new town. In 1845, it was established as a Subdivision of Gaya district. On 26 January 1973, Nawada was formed as a separate district from Gaya district. It is a part of Magadh Division.
Beck Row
Beck Row is a village in the civil parish of Beck Row, Holywell Row and Kenny Hill, in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The village is close to RAF Mildenhall and is home to about 3000 people. The village has an old church and a beacon dating from the time of the Battle of Trafalgar. A Victoria Cross recipient, Ron Middleton, is buried in the local cemetery, with a small cul-de-sac named in his honour.

Ron Middleton (VC)
Rawdon Hume "Ron" Middleton, VC (22 July 1916 – 29 November 1942) was a bomber pilot in the Royal Australian Air Force and a posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Eyewitness memory (child testimony)
An eyewitness testimony is a statement given under oath by a person present at an event who can describe what happened. During circumstances in which a child is a witness to the event, the child can be used to deliver a testimony on the stand. The credibility of a child, however, is often questioned due to their underdeveloped memory capacity and overall brain physiology. Researchers found that eyewitness memory requires high-order memory capacity even for well-developed adult brain. Because a child's brain is not yet fully developed, each child witness must be assessed by the proper authorities to determine their reliability as a witness and whether they are mature enough to accurately recall the event, provide important details and withstand leading questions.

Oath
Traditionally, an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āþ, also a plight) is a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation instead. Nowadays, even when there is no notion of sanctity involved, certain promises said out loud in ceremonial or juridical purpose are referred to as oaths. "To swear" is a verb used to describe the taking of an oath; to make a solemn vow.
Minder on the Orient Express
Minder on the Orient Express is a 1985 comedy/thriller television film as a spin-off from the successful television series Minder. It was first broadcast on Christmas Day 1985, as the highlight of that year's ITV Christmas schedule. This Christmas special was written by Andrew Payne.

Adam Faith
Terence Nelhams Wright (23 June 1940 – 8 March 2003), known professionally as Adam Faith, was an English singer, actor, and financial journalist. As a British rock and roll teen idol, he scored consecutive No. 1 hits on the UK singles chart with "What Do You Want?" (1959) and "Poor Me" (1960). He became the first UK artist to lodge his initial seven hits in the top 5, and was ultimately one of the most charted acts of the 1960s. He was also one of the first UK acts to record original songs regularly.

Faith also maintained an acting career, appearing as Dave in the teen exploitation film Beat Girl (1960), the eponymous lead in the ITV television series Budgie (1971–1972) and Frank Carver in the BBC comedy drama Love Hurts (1992–1994).
Eric Guinivan
Eric Guinivan (born 1984) is a composer, percussionist, founding member of the Los Angeles Percussion Quartet, and was principal timpanist of the YMF Debut Orchestra. He has received commissions from Chamber Music America, the Fromm Foundation, New York Youth Symphony, the International Horn Society, Lake Union Civic Orchestra, the Firebird Ensemble, Staunton Music Festival, the Lotte Lehmann Foundation, and the Society of Composers, Inc., among others. His output includes works for orchestra, wind ensemble, percussion, brass band, chamber orchestra, film, and a wide variety of chamber ensembles and solo instruments. He currently serves as Associate Professor of Composition at James Madison University, and was previously a graduate teaching fellow at the University of Southern California.

James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908, the institution was renamed in 1938 in honor of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison. It has since expanded from its origins as a normal school and teacher's college into a comprehensive university. It is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, just west of Massanutten Mountain.
Family Happiness
Family Happiness (pre-reform Russian: Семейное счастіе; post-reform Russian: Семейное счастие, romanized: Seméynoye schástiye) is an 1859 novella written by Leo Tolstoy, first published in The Russian Messenger.

Reforms of Russian orthography
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Championship 1997
The 1997 All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Championship for the leading clubs in the women's team field sport of camogie was won for the second time in succession by Pádraig Pearse's GAA, (Galway), who defeated Lisdowney (Kilkenny) in the final, played at Ballymacward.

Pádraig Pearse's GAA
Pádraig Pearse's GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the Ballymacward-Gurteen parish in County Galway, Ireland. The club was founded in 1966, when the Gurteen and Ballymacward Junior Hurling clubs merged. Hurling is the dominant sport in the club, but the club also fields football teams. There has always been a strong tradition of hurling in the parish, with one of the earliest recordings in local press dated to 1882. The first club in the parish was officially affiliated to the G.A.A. in 1886.

Pádraig Pearse's GAA fields hurling teams from Under-6 to Senior level. Hurling Players from the club have represented Galway at all levels. In 2013 St Kerrill's Gaelic Football Club, which had been formed in 1990 and also representing the Ballymacward and Gurteen areas, was disbanded and Pádraig Pearses began fielding football teams. The adult football team compete at Junior level, with underage football teams competing in an amalgamation with Menlough GAA.
Raiffeisen Zentralbank
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich A.G. (RZB) was a significant bank in Austria and the central institution of the Raiffeisen Banking Group (RBG) until its merger into its subsidiary Raiffeisen Bank International (RBI) in 2017.

It had subsidiaries held via RBI in, amongst others: Ukraine, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Kosovo, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Switzerland. The largest of these subsidiaries by far was Raiffeisenbank (Russia) which accounted for 74 percent of the company's pretax profit.

Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft (German pronunciation: [ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ⓘ; abbreviated AG [aːˈgeː] ⓘ) is a German word for a corporation limited by share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société anonyme or a società per azioni) and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company".
National Library of Aruba
The National Library of Aruba (Papiamento: Biblioteca Nacional Aruba, BNA) is the main library of Aruba. It is located in Oranjestad and holds more than 100,000 volumes.

BNA serves as both the national and the public library of Aruba. It was founded on 20 August 1949 as the island's public library and reading room. After Aruba gained its status aparte in 1986 the Aruba Public Library (Papiamento: Biblioteca Publico Aruba) officially became the National Library of Aruba.

BNA has a public library branch in San Nicolas, and a separate building, Arubiana-Caribiana, housing the National and special collections, located in Oranjestad, near the main branch.

The BNA holds an annual "Green Education Symposium" to make students and educators of Aruba aware of their local environment so that they become active advocates of the environment surrounding them to make Aruba sustainable for future generations. This is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

Oranjestad
Oranjestad (UK: /ɒˈrænjəstɑːt/ orr-AN-yə-staht, US: /ɔːˈrɑːn-, oʊˈrɑːn-/ or-AHN-, oh-RAHN-, Dutch: [oːˈrɑɲəstɑt]; literally "Orange City"), the capital and most populous of Aruba's eight regions, is located on the southwestern coast of the island. In Papiamento, the local language, Oranjestad is commonly referred to as "Playa" by the locals.

Administratively, the Oranjestad is divided into two regions: East and West. In 2010, the capital had a population of 28,294, and by 2020, it increased to 28,658.
Sulkava
Sulkava is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Savo region. The municipality has a population of 2,328 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 769.20 square kilometres (296.99 sq mi) of which 184.52 km2 (71.24 sq mi) is water. The population density is 3.98 inhabitants per square kilometre (10.3/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Juva, Puumala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti and Savonlinna.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality is best known for the annual long distance rowing contest, Sulkavan Suursoudut, around Partalansaari ("Partala Island") on lake Saimaa.

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.
Diego López V de Haro
Diego López V de Haro, nicknamed el Intruso (c. 1250 – 1310), was a Castilian noble of the House of Haro and held the title of the Lord of Biscay which he took from the pretender to the title, John of Castile.

He further served in the capacity of Mayordomo mayor del rey and the Alférez del rey of Ferdinand IV of Castile. He was a major benefactor of the city of Bilbao, where he expanded the local fishing village and granted it the power to maintain its customs market free of any Portazgo (royal tribute) answerable only to the authority of the Lord of Biscay.

Majordomo
A majordomo (US: /ˌmeɪdʒərˈdoʊmoʊ/) is a person who speaks, makes arrangements, or takes charge for another. Typically, this is the highest (major) person of a household (domūs or domicile) staff, a head servant who acts on behalf of the owner of a large or significant residence.

A majordomo may also, more informally, be someone who oversees the day-to-day responsibilities of a business enterprise. Historically, many institutions and governments—monasteries, cathedrals, and cities—as well as noble and royal houses, also had the post of majordomo, who usually was in charge of finances.

Additionally, the Hispanos of New Mexico use the related term mayordomo to refer to the manager of an acequia system for a town or valley. In English, "mayordomo" means butler.
2015–16 Great Britain and Ireland floods
Great Britain and Ireland were affected by floods during the winter of late 2015 and early 2016. Eleven named storms produced record level rainfall from November 2015 - March 2016 in both monthly and seasonal accumulation records.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Juncus sarophorus
Juncus sarophorus, the broom rush or fan-flowered rush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Juncaceae. Native to southeastern Australia, and all of New Zealand except the Kermadec Islands, it also has been introduced to Great Britain. A dense tussock-forming perennial of wet areas, and somewhat weedy, its stems reach 2 m (6 ft) long but droop so that the plant overall is closer to 1 m (3 ft) tall.

Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family.  It consists of 7 genera and about 464 known species  of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials. Despite the apparent similarity, Juncaceae are not counted among the plants with the vernacular name bulrush.
Hemipelagic sediment
Hemipelagic sediment, or hemipelagite, is a type of marine sediment that consists of clay and silt-sized grains that are terrigenous and some biogenic material derived from the landmass nearest the deposits or from organisms living in the water. Hemipelagic sediments are deposited on continental shelves and continental rises, and differ from pelagic sediment compositionally. Pelagic sediment is composed of primarily biogenic material from organisms living in the water column or on the seafloor and contains little to no terrigenous material. Terrigenous material includes minerals from the lithosphere like feldspar or quartz. Volcanism on land, wind blown sediments as well as particulates discharged from rivers can contribute to Hemipelagic deposits. These deposits can be used to qualify climatic changes and identify changes in sediment provenances.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.