hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Predictive mean matching
Predictive mean matching (PMM) is a widely used statistical imputation method for missing values, first proposed by Donald B. Rubin in 1986 and R. J. A. Little in 1988.

It aims to reduce the bias introduced in a dataset through imputation, by drawing real values sampled from the data. This is achieved by building a small subset of observations where the outcome variable matches the outcome of the observations with missing values.

Compared to other imputation methods, it usually imputes less implausible values (e.g. negative incomes) and takes heteroscedastic data into account more appropriately.

Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
Sidesaddle
Sidesaddle riding is a form of equestrianism that uses a type of saddle that allows riders, generally female, to sit aside rather than astride an equine. Sitting aside dates back to antiquity and developed in European countries in the Middle Ages as a way for women in skirts to ride a horse modestly.

Rein
Reins are used to direct a horse (or other animal) when riding or driving. They are attached to a bridle's bit or noseband and are made of leather, nylon, or other materials. Reins are used to give subtle commands or cues—also known as rein aids—to ask for a turn, a slower speed, a halt, or to go backwards.: 402 : 178
Stoer Group
The Stoer Group is a sequence of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrops on the peninsula of Stoer, near Assynt, Sutherland. The dominant lithology is sandstone with breccias and conglomerates developed near the base It is subdivided into three formations. It lies unconformably on the underlying Archaean to Paleoproterozoic age gneisses of the Lewisian complex and is in turn unconformably overlain by the Neoproterozoic Torridon Group.

Mesoproterozoic
The Mesoproterozoic Era is a geologic era that occurred from 1,600 to 1,000 million years ago. The Mesoproterozoic was the first era of Earth's history for which a fairly definitive geological record survives. Continents existed during the preceding era (the Paleoproterozoic), but little is known about them. The continental masses of the Mesoproterozoic were more or less the same ones that exist today, although their arrangement on the Earth's surface was different.
Rolla Downtown Airport
Rolla Downtown Airport (FAA LID: K07) is a  privately owned, public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Rolla, a city in Phelps County, Missouri, United States.

Rolla, Missouri
Rolla (/ˈrɒlə/) is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States.  Its population in the 2020 United States Census was 19,943.  It is approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. Its micropolitan statistical area consists of Phelps County, Missouri. Nearby is an inactive township (Rolla Township).

It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known for its many engineering departments and computer science department.

The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is in Rolla. The city is also within the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards first established by Italian immigrants to the area.
Lucky Kgabi
Lucky Mpho Kgabi is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from November 2008 to May 2009. He was sworn in to replace Kgalema Motlanthe, who ceded his seat after being elected President, and he vacated the assembly after the 2009 general election.

In 2018, Kgabi emerged as a prominent figure in an overt campaign to oust Supra Mahumapelo, then the Premier and ANC Provincial Chairperson in the North West Province. He was a founder and leader of the Revolutionary Council, a civil society group – officially non-partisan, but dominated by ANC members – which arranged protests against Mahumapelo's administration and purported to collect information about Mahumapelo's misconduct in office. After Mahumapelo was removed during violent protests, he sued Kgabi and two other leading members of the group for R10 million, alleging that they had defamed him.

2008 South African presidential election
An indirect presidential election was held in South Africa on 25 September 2008 following the resignation of the President Thabo Mbeki. The ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), with a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly of South Africa, elected Kgalema Motlanthe as president.  The ANC indicated that Motlanthe would be a "caretaker" president until the 2009 election, after which ANC president Jacob Zuma would take office.
Borchers algebra
In mathematics, a Borchers algebra, Borchers–Uhlmann algebra, or BU-algebra is the tensor algebra of a vector space, often a space of smooth test functions.  They were studied by H. J. Borchers (1962), who showed that the Wightman distributions of a quantum field could be interpreted as a state, called a Wightman functional, on a Borchers algebra. A Borchers algebra with a state can often be used to construct an O*-algebra.

The Borchers algebra of a quantum field theory has an ideal called the locality ideal, generated by elements of the form ab−ba for a and b having spacelike-separated support. The Wightman functional of a quantum field theory vanishes on the locality ideal, which is equivalent to the locality axiom for quantum field theory.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
The Glass-Blowers
The Glass-Blowers is a 1963 novel by Daphne du Maurier.

The novel tells the story of a French family of glassblowers, the Bussons, charting their journey before, during and after the French Revolution.

The story is based loosely on du Maurier's own family history, she being a fifth-generation descendant of a master glassblower who had moved to England during the French Revolution.

Glassblowing
Glassblowing is a glassforming technique that involves inflating molten glass into a bubble (or parison) with the aid of a blowpipe (or blow tube). A person who blows glass is called a glassblower, while the head of a glassblowing workshop is known as a gaffer. A lampworker (often also called a glassblower or glassworker) manipulates glass with the use of a torch on a smaller scale, such as in producing precision laboratory glassware out of borosilicate glass.
Ben Hall and His Gang
Ben Hall and his Gang is a 1911 Australian film about the bushranger Ben Hall, played by John Gavin, who also directed. It is considered a lost film.

The movie was part of the Australian "bushranger film" cycle from 1910-1912.

Jack Gavin
John F. Gavin (9 February 1874 – 6 January 1938) was a pioneer Australian film actor and director, one of the early filmmakers of the 1910s. He is best known for making films about bushrangers such as Captain Thunderbolt, Captain Moonlite, Ben Hall and Frank Gardiner.  Known informally as 'Jack', Gavin worked in collaboration with his wife Agnes, who scripted many of his films.

Film historians Graham Shirley and Brian Adams have written; "although Gavin was prolific his later surviving work shows that his entrepreneurial talent outweighed any he might have had as director." Filmink called Gavin and his wife "good solid carny folk who fought the good fight."

Amongst several claims made later in life or soon after his death was one that he had made Australia's first animated short, an advertising film which featured a koala "lapping up a cough remedy".
Honey Hunt
Honey Hunt (ハニーハント, Hanīhanto) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Miki Aihara. The series began serialization in the manga magazine Cheese! in December 2006, with the first tankobon published on June 26, 2007, and the latest volume, the 6th volume, on December 24, 2009. A spin-off manga, titled Ore wa Idol wo Yametai, began serialization in the same magazine on December 22, 2023.

Honey Hunt is licensed for English language publication in North America by Viz Media. It premiered in Viz's monthly manga anthology Shojo Beat in the September 2008 issue. The first volume was published on April 7, 2009. In 2009, Honey Hunt went on hiatus.

Miki Aihara
Miki Aihara (相原実貴, Aihara Miki) (born June 10 in Shizuoka, Japan) is a Japanese shojo mangaka best known for creating the manga series Hot Gimmick. She debuted with Lip Conscious! in Betsucomi. Aihara frequently serialized her series in Betsucomi but has had her works serialized in Cheese! in the past several years. Although none of Aihara's series have been adapted into anime, Hot Gimmick has received two drama CDs, a light novel spinoff titled Hot Gimmick S and a live-action film adaptation, while From Five to Nine has been adapted into a live-action television drama.
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Sistan and Baluchestan province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Sistan and Baluchestan Province with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide the two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.

Both candidates who won the election belonged to the Sunni Baloch community in the province. The Shia cleric supported by the Islamic Republican Party was defeated.

Islamic Republican Party
The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Persian: حزب جمهوری اسلامی, romanized: Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) was formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini in their goal to establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in 1987 due to internal conflicts.
2021 ITS Cup – Doubles
Anastasia Dețiuc and Johana Marková were the defending champions but Dețiuc chose to compete in Gdynia instead. Marková played alongside Chantal Škamlová, but they lost in the first round to Jessie Aney and Anna Sisková.

Aney and Sisková went on to win the title, defeating Bárbara Gatica and Rebeca Pereira in the final, 6–1, 6–0.

2021 WTA Poland Open
The 2021 WTA Poland Open (also known as the BNP Paribas Poland Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the WTA Poland Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. It was held at the Arka Tennis Club in Gdynia, Poland, from 19 July until 25 July 2021. Unseeded Maryna Zanevska won the singles title.
Kuropatino
Kuropatino (Russian: Куропатино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kuropatinsky Selsoviet of Tambovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 482 as of 2018. There are only 5 streets in the village.

Tambovsky District, Amur Oblast
Tambovsky District  (Russian: Тамбо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 2,539 square kilometers (980 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tambovka. Population: 22,671 (2010 Census); 25,049 (2002 Census); 25,683 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tambovka accounts for 33.6% of the district's total population.
Fortress Mountain (Park County, Wyoming)
Fortress Mountain (12,090 ft (3,690 m)) is located in the Absaroka Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Fortress Mountain is 1 mi (1.6 km) south of Sheep Mesa, a subpeak along the mesa that is 500 ft (150 m) lower in altitude. The headwaters of Cabin Creek are on the east slopes of Fortress Mountain, while those for Sheep Creek are on the northwest.

Absaroka Range
The Absaroka Range is a sub-range of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. The range stretches roughly north-south around 150 mi (240 km) across the Montana–Wyoming border, and 75 mi (120 km) at its widest east-west extent, forming both the eastern boundary of the Paradise Valley and Yellowstone National Park, and the western edge of the Bighorn Basin. The range borders the Beartooth Mountains to the east and north and the Wind River Range to the south and southwest. The northern edge of the range rests along I-90 and Livingston, Montana. The highest peak in the range is Francs Peak, located in Wyoming at 13,153 ft (4,009 m). There are 46 other peaks over 12,000 ft (3,700 m).
Transpacific crossing
Transpacific crossings are voyages of passengers and cargo across the Pacific Ocean between Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Transpacific voyages frequently cross the International Date Line. The first recorded crossing of the Pacific was achieved by Spain's historic Magellan expedition in March 1521. Commercial transpacific flights have been available since 1935.

International Date Line
The International Date Line (IDL) is the line extending between the South and North Poles that is the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180.0° line of longitude and deviating to pass around some territories and island groups. Crossing the date line eastbound decreases the date by one day, while crossing the date line westbound increases the date.

The line is a cartographic convention and is not defined by international law. This has made it difficult for cartographers to agree on its precise course and has allowed countries through whose waters it passes to move it at times for their convenience.
Fantastic Four (2015 soundtrack)
Fantastic Four (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2015 film Fantastic Four. Directed by Josh Trank, the film is based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, and is a reboot of the Fantastic Four film franchise.

The musical score is composed by Marco Beltrami and Philip Glass, and the album was released in digital and physical formats on August 7, 2015 by Sony Classical Records and Fox Music, coinciding the film's release. It was also released in two-disc vinyl sets on August 10. Apart from featuring Beltrami and Glass' score, it also featured an original song "Another Body" performed by El-P and a single "Fantastic" performed by RM and Mandy Ventrice. The latter was only used for promotional purposes for the South Korean theatrical release, and is not featured in the film or the soundtrack.

Sony Classical Records
Sony Classical is an American record label founded in 1924 as Columbia Masterworks Records, a subsidiary of Columbia Records. In 1980, the Columbia Masterworks label was renamed as CBS Masterworks. The CBS Records Group was acquired by Sony in 1988, and in 1990 it was renamed Sony Classical.
Hat Yai Peace Agreement
The Hat Yai Peace Agreement marked the end of the Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989). It was signed and ratified by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), and the Malaysian and Thailand governments at the Lee Gardens Hotel in Hat Yai, Thailand, on 2 December 1989.

Malayan Communist Party
The Malayan Communist Party (MCP), officially the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a Marxist–Leninist and anti-imperialist communist party which was active in British Malaya and later, the modern states of Malaysia and Singapore from 1930 to 1989. It was responsible for the creation of both the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army and the Malayan National Liberation Army.

The party led resistance efforts against the Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore during World War II, and later fought a war of national liberation against the British Empire during the Malayan Emergency. After the departure of British colonial forces from the Federation of Malaya, the party fought in a third guerrilla campaign against both the Malaysian and Singaporean governments in an attempt to create a communist state in the region, before disbanding in 1989. Today, due to historical connotations surrounding the MCP, communism as an ideology remains a taboo political topic in both countries.
Dogs (2016 film)
Dogs (Romanian: Câini) is a 2016 Romanian drama film directed by Bogdan Mirică. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize. It is Mirică's directorial debut.

The action takes place near Tulcea, in an area of the Danube sector of the Romania–Ukraine border, where groups of smugglers make the law. The city dweller Roman inherits 550 hectares (1,400 acres) of land from his recently deceased grandfather. His attempt at selling the property is disrupted by a group of thugs led by the smug, sinister Samir, throwing Roman into a violent arena with only a dilapidated shack as his fortress.

Romania–Ukraine border
The Romania–Ukraine border  is the state border between Romania and Ukraine. It consists of both a land and a maritime boundary. The total border length is 613.8 km (381.4 mi) including 292.2 km (181.6 mi) by rivers and 33 km (21 mi) by the Black Sea. It is part of the external border of the European Union (since Romania's accession to the EU in January 2007).

The maritime delimitation between the two countries, including the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone was adjudicated at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2009.
Sugar Valley Airport
Sugar Valley Airport (FAA LID: 5NC2) is a privately owned, private use airport in Davie County, North Carolina, United States. It is located six nautical miles (11 km) northeast of the central business district of Mocksville, North Carolina.

Davie County, North Carolina
Davie County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,712. Its county seat is Mocksville.

Davie County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Vieux-Lille
Vieux-Lille (Old Lille) is a district in the north of Lille. It is the district with the most pre-19th-century buildings. It still boasts many cobbled streets and traces of the canals that crisscrossed the city in centuries gone by. It is home to 20,000 inhabitants.

Citadel of Lille
The Citadel of Lille (French: Citadelle de Lille; Dutch: Citadel van Rijsel) is a pentagonal citadel of the city  wall of Lille, in France.  It was built between 1667 and 1670. It hosts the Corps de réaction rapide France.

Dubbed "Queen of the citadels" (Reine des citadelles) by Vauban, it is one of the most notable citadels designed by Vauban. It is remarkable for its size, the quality of the architecture, and the state of preservation today. Its various components have been classified as historic monuments in 1914, 1921 and 1934 respectively.
St Clair, Port of Spain
Saint Clair is a business and residential district between the Queen's Park Savannah and the Maraval River in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. It is home to most of the city's grandest and largest mansions and also home to the Magnificent Seven Houses. Federation Park and Ellerslie Park. St Clair is one of Port of Spain's five police districts.

In 1893, St Clair was host to the Inter-Colonial Cup, a three-way cricket match between Trinidad and Tobago (then Trinidad), Barbados, and the-then British Guiana.  Only white players were allowed, and that excluded most of the home side's best cricketers.

Queen's Park Savannah
Queen's Park Savannah (QPS) is a park in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Known locally as simply "the Savannah", it is Port of Spain's largest open space. It occupies about 260 acres (110 ha) of level land, and the distance around the perimeter is about 2.2 mi (3.5 km).
Bacterial nanowires
Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria most notably from the Geobacter and Shewanella genera. Conductive nanowires have also been reported in the oxygenic cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 and a thermophilic, methanogenic coculture consisting of Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum and Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, but the identity of these proteins remains unknown. From physiological and functional perspectives, bacterial nanowires are diverse. The precise role microbial nanowires play in their biological systems has not been fully realized, but several proposed functions exist. Outside of a naturally occurring environment, bacterial nanowires have shown potential to be useful in several fields, notably the bioenergy and bioremediation industries.

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is a strain of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria.  Synechocystis sp. PCC6803  is capable of both phototrophic growth by oxygenic photosynthesis during light periods and heterotrophic growth by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during dark periods. Gene expression is regulated by a circadian clock and the organism can effectively anticipate transitions between the light and dark phases.
Lungthulien
Lungthulien (anglicised: lung-thu-lin) is a Hmar village in Pherzawl district, Manipur, India. As of 2011, the village has 304 households. It was in the news in 2006 because the village's inhabitants had faced insurgency-related atrocities. Militants belonging to the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) and the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) attacked the villagers and extorted cash and goods from them.

Kangleipak Communist Party
Kangleipak Communist Party is a Maoist separatist militant group in Manipur, India. Named after Kangleipak, the ancient name of Manipur, it was initially led by the communist ideologues — Ibohanbi and Ibopishak. The Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) has been engaged in an armed conflict against the Government of India.
Anjana Sinha
Anjana Sinha is an Indian Police Service 1990-batch officer from Andhra Pradesh-cadre. She is currently on Government of India deputation to Central Industrial Security Force at the rank of Inspector General and serves as the director of National Industrial Security Academy, Hyderabad.

Inspector general
An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is "inspectors general".

In some countries, inspector general is also a formal rank or title in civil, police, or military services, where it refers to a senior officer rather than an investigative position. The duties and authority of the role vary by country and organization.
Colel Chabad
Colel Chabad (Hebrew: כולל חב"ד) was founded in Lithuania in 1788 and is the oldest continuously operating charity in Israel. The institution runs a network of soup kitchens and food banks, dental and medical clinics, daycare centers, widow and orphan support, and immigrant assistance programs. It also provides interest-free loans, camp scholarships, career training and job placement, subsidized weddings for the poor, and many other social-welfare projects.

Colel Chabad was founded by the first Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, and was headed by each Lubavitcher Rebbe thereafter. It is also known as the charity of Rabbi Meir Ba'al HaNes. Its current director is Rabbi Sholom Duchman.

In 2005, Colel Chabad ranked #117 among the top Canadian registered charities by expenditures outside Canada, with $2,623,290 in expenditures.

Rebbe
A rebbe (Yiddish: רבי, romanized: rebe) or admor (Hebrew: אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities  of its dynasties. The titles of rebbe and admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.