hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Harvey (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir John Harvey KCB KCH (b. 1778 – d. 1852) was a British Army officer and a lieutenant governor.

He was commissioned into the 80th Foot in 1794 and served in several locations, including France, Egypt, and India. He moved to Canada in 1813 and served as a lieutenant colonel in the War of 1812, taking part in the British victories at the Battle of Stoney Creek and the Battle of Crysler's Farm in Ontario.

From 1836 to 1837, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island. From 1837 to 1841, he was the Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick. From 1841 to 1846, he was the Civil Governor of Newfoundland. From 1846 to 1852, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia.

80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers)
The 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot to form the South Staffordshire Regiment in 1881.
Cantagalo–Pavão–Pavãozinho
Cantagalo–Pavão–Pavãozinho is a neighborhood consisting of two favelas in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is located between Ipanema and Copacabana. In 2010, it had about 9,500 inhabitants.

Cantagalo and Pavão–Pavãozinho formerly had high rates of violent crime, often associated with the drug trade. However, beginning in December 2009, the neighborhood was pacified by a then-newly formed Pacifying Police Unit (UPP). On 30 June 2010, the Rubem Braga Complex was inaugurated in it, composed of two towers, an overlook called "Mirante da Paz" ("Peace Overlook"), and two lifts linking the favela to the General Osório Metro Station.

Pacification (military action)
In a military context, the term pacification refers to a process by which the cooperation or surrender of a population is secured by military force or other means of coercion. The term originated in the Roman Empire where it saw popular usage in the context of the Roman ideal of pax (peace) and Roman imperial expansion. According to historian Myles Lavan, the Latin term pacare (to pacify) evoked to the Romans a grand project of peace-making while, in English, "pacified" has since crystallised as a euphemism for the suppression of resistance to state power.

From 1880 onward the term saw popular usage by colonial empires as a pretext for war under the guise of protecting populations, alongside the colonial concept of protectorates. The term pacification is therefore often presented in quotation marks by contemporary historians.
Pyropteron cirgisum
Pyropteron cirgisum is a species of moth in the family Sesiidae. It is found in scattered localities in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan.

The larvae feed on Limonium species, including Limonium gmelini and Limonium iconicum.

Limonium gmelini
Limonium gmelini, the Siberian statice, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to east-central and southeastern Europe, Russia, the north Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, parts of Siberia, Xinjiang, and Mongolia. A widespread halophytic species, it is found growing in seeps, meadows, steppes, roadsides, and wastelands, as long as they are saline.

The unimproved species is available from commercial suppliers, and there are a number of cultivars, including 'Ste10' Dazzle Rocks, and 'Perestrojka'. The Royal Horticultural Society considers this clump-forming perennial's "smoky-blue, long-lasting flowers" to be "very attractive" to pollinators.
Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization, a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to allow urine to drain from the bladder for collection. It may also be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder conditions. A clinician, often a nurse, usually performs the procedure, but self-catheterization is also possible. A catheter may be in place for long periods of time (indwelling catheter) or removed after each use (intermittent catheterization).

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
Zeppelin-Staaken
Zeppelin-Staaken (sometimes Zeppelin Werke Staaken), was a German aircraft manufacturer originally named Versuchsbau G.m.b.H. Gotha-Ost (Experimental Works Gotha-East (V.G.O.)) when it was formed in mid-1914 by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin and Robert Bosch. The company rented facilities in Gotha with the objective to build large, long-range bomber aircraft. Alexander Baumann was hired by Zeppelin as the head designer. The company moved to the village of Staaken, near Berlin, in mid-1916 and was renamed Flugzeugwerft G.m.b.H., although it was commonly known as Zeppelin-Staaken.

Alexander Baumann (aeronautical engineer)
Alexander Baumann (15 May 1875  –  23 March 1928) was a German aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer. He is credited with being the first full professor of aeronautical engineering in aviation history as the Chair of Airship Aviation, Flight Technology, and Motor Vehicles at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stuttgart in 1911.
Almendras
Almendras is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Alejandro Almendras (1919–1995), Filipino politician

Alejandro Fernández Almendras (born 1971), Chilean filmmaker

Nico Almendras (born 1999), Filipino volleyball player

Rene Almendras (born 1960), FIlipino businessman

Alejandro Almendras
Alejandro "Landring" Durano Almendras Sr. (27 February 1919 – 4 August 1995) was a Filipino politician and businessman who served as Senator of the Philippines from 1959 to 1972. He also served as governor of the then-undivided Davao province from 1951 to 1958.
Serres municipales de Sens
The Serres municipales de Sens (600 m2) are municipal greenhouses located in the Parc du Moulin à Tan at 28, Chemin de Babie, Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France. They are open every afternoon without charge.

The greenhouses were constructed circa 1970 and restored in 2000. They contain about 1,500 plant taxa organized into three distinct rooms:

Cactus House - cactus and succulents.

Winter Garden - a tropical forest including avocado tree, sugar cane, orange and pear trees, pineapples, cocoa trees and coffee plants, banana, date palms, vanilla vines and pomegranates, as well as aquatic plants including Euryale ferox, Victoria cruziana and Victoria regia.

Epiphyte House - orchids, carnivorous plants, bromeliads and other epiphytes.

Victoria amazonica
Victoria amazonica ("giant water lily") is a species of flowering plant, the second largest in the water lily family Nymphaeaceae. It is called Vitória-Régia or Iaupê-Jaçanã ("the jacana's waterlily") in Brazil and Atun Sisac ("great flower") in Inca (Quechua). Its native region is tropical South America, specifically Guyana and the Amazon Basin.
Antonio Edwards
Antonio Edwards (born March 10, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, the New York Giants, Atlanta Falcons, and Carolina Panthers.  He played college football for the Valdosta State Blazers and was selected in eighth round of the 1993 NFL draft.  In 2000, Edwards was the twelfth pick of the XFL draft as a member of the Las Vegas Outlaws.  Edwards is currently the defensive line coach of the Collegiate School in Richmond, Virginia.

Collegiate School (Richmond, Virginia)
Collegiate School is a private, day, preparatory school for boys and girls located in Richmond, Virginia, United States. The student body of Collegiate comprises about 1,600 total students from Junior Kindergarten through Grade 12. The Lower School and Upper School are coeducational, while the Middle School is coordinated with boys and girls in separate classes.
Hay Standard
The Hay Standard  was an English language newspaper published in Hay, New South Wales, from 1871 to 1900.  It was the first newspaper published at Hay.

The initial full title of the newspaper was The Hay Standard and Advertiser for Balranald, Wentworth, Maude, Booligal, Wilcannia, Menindie, Bourke, &c., reflecting its wide catchment area incorporating townships and districts in a broad arc to the north and west of Hay on the Murrumbidgee, Lachlan and Darling rivers.

Hay, New South Wales
Hay is a town in the western Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. It is the administrative centre of Hay Shire local government area and the centre of a prosperous and productive agricultural district on the wide Hay Plains.

Located approximately midway between Sydney and Adelaide at the junction of the Sturt, Cobb and Mid-Western Highways, Hay is an important regional and national transport node. The town itself is built beside the Murrumbidgee River, part of the Murray–Darling river system; Australia's largest. The main business district of Hay is situated on the north bank of the river.
WMYE
WMYE (91.9 FM) is a non-commercial, listener supported radio station licensed to Fort Myers, Florida.  The station is currently owned by Call Communications Group.  WMYE is one of several South Florida FM stations simulcasting a Christian Contemporary Top 40 format, known as "Call Radio."

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Kuressaare, Viljandi County
Kuressaare is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities, the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. Kuressaare is located 23 km (14) southeast of the town of Viljandi, 3.8 km (2.4 miles) southwest of the small borough of Mustla. Neighboring villages include Pikru, Ämmuste and Jakobimõisa. Kuressaare had a population of 67 as of 2011, a decrease from 85 in the 2000 census.

Populated places in Estonia
Populated places in Estonia are cities or settlement units of rural municipalities, but only cities have administrative functions. Settlement units are divided into settlements and urban regions (subdivisions of cities).

Officially there are four types of settlement unit in Estonia:

village (küla) – a sparsely populated settlement or a densely populated settlement with fewer than 300 permanent inhabitants

small borough (alevik) – a densely populated settlement with at least 300 permanent inhabitants

town (alev) – a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants

city (linn) - a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants.

As of 2024, there were 47 cities, 13 towns, 186 hamlets and 4457 villages in Estonia. There were 3 cities with under 1000 permanent inhabitants as of 2023.
Witosław, Sławno County
Witosław [viˈtɔswaf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malechowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 754 km (469 mi) west of Malechowo, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sławno, and 23 km (14 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1918 the area was part of Austria. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 353.

Sławno
Sławno [ˈswavnɔ] (Kashubian: Słôwno, German: Schlawe) is a town on the Wieprza river in Middle Pomerania region, north-western Poland, with 12,511 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of Gmina Sławno, though not part of it. The town is also the capital of Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
David Macklin
David Thurman Macklin (born July 14, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 2000 NFL draft. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

Macklin was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals, Washington Redskins, St. Louis Rams and Kansas City Chiefs.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Thetis (1801 ship)
Thetis was launched in 1801 at Lancaster as a West Indiaman. In 1804, in  single ship action, she repelled an attack by a French privateer. Between  1806 and 1808 she made two complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On the second, in early 1808 as Thetis was coming to Barbados from Africa, she again drove off a French privateer in a single ship action. With the end of the slave trade, Thetis returned to trading, first with the West Indies and then with Bahia. She was wrecked in December 1815 near Sunderland.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
McDonalds Mill, Virginia
McDonalds Mill is an unincorporated community in the northeastern section of Montgomery County, Virginia, United States. Located approximately 10 miles east of Blacksburg, Virginia along State Route 785, McDonalds Mill lies at the floor of the Catawba Valley and is bordered on the south by Paris Mountain and to the north by Gallion Ridge.

Blacksburg, Virginia
Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 44,826 at the 2020 census. Blacksburg and the surrounding county is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech.

Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and the city of Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area, which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery, Pulaski, and Giles counties for statistical purposes. The MSA has an estimated population of 181,863 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia.
The Blunkett Tapes
The Blunkett Tapes: My life in the bear pit is a book by British MP David Blunkett based on his own audio diaries detailing his time as a cabinet minister in the Labour government from 1997 to 2004.

The book was serialised in The Guardian from October 2006, and was published on 16 October 2006 by Bloomsbury.  The diaries were also the subject of two episodes of the Channel 4 Dispatches documentary in October 2006, and were read on BBC Radio 4 as book of the week in October 2006.

Blunkett is reported to have received £1m from his book, despite various criticisms made of it. Private Eye in particular has repeatedly lampooned the book by suggesting humorous alternative uses for the mountains of unsold copies of the weighty tome and printing "extracts" mocking the book as self-pitying.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.
Dafu railway station
Dafu railway station (Chinese: 大富車站; pinyin: Dàfù Chēzhàn) is a railway station located in Guangfu Township, Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located on the Taitung line and is operated by Taiwan Railway.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
Yusuf Ahmed Hagar Dabageed
Yusuf Ahmed Hagar (Dabageed) (Somali: Yuusuf Axmed Xagar Dabageed) is a Somali politician and current Vice President of Hirshabelle State. He was governor of the Hiran region of Somalia. He supports the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), and was militarily supported by Ethiopia in the War in Somalia (2006–2009).

Hirshabelle
Hirshabelle, officially Hirshabelle State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Hirshabelle ee Soomaaliya), is a Federal Member State in south-central Somalia. It is bordered by Galmudug state of Somalia to the north, South West State of Somalia and Banadir region to the south, Ethiopia to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east. Jowhar is the capital city.

Hirshabelle consists of the Hiran and Middle Shabelle regions of Somalia.  ,  and others, each with a rich history and significant presence in the region. The name of the state originates from combining their names. Hirshabelle proclaimed itself the autonomous Federal Member State of the Federal Republic of Somalia as stipulated in the provisional Constitution of Somalia.
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.1
The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.1 was a two-seat biplane floatplane, the first aircraft produced by the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service's aircraft factory Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk in Horten, built after Maurice Farman's MF.7 design. The construction began in the summer of 1915, with plans borrowed from the Norwegian Army Air Service's aircraft factory at Kjeller.

M1911 pistol
The Colt M1911 (also known as 1911, Colt 1911, Colt .45, or Colt Government in the case of Colt-produced models) is a single-action, recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered primarily for the .45 ACP cartridge.
William Skinner (North Carolina general)
William Skinner (December 25, 1728 – January 26, 1798) was a Province of North Carolina official, planter and brigadier general in Edenton District Brigade of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution.

Province of North Carolina
The Province of North Carolina, originally known as the Albemarle Settlements, was a proprietary colony and later royal colony of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776.(p. 80) It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the thirteen American colonies. The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of North Carolina, until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lubbock County, Texas
List of NRHP-registered historic places in Lubbock County, Texas

This list is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lubbock County, Texas. There are four districts and 15 individual properties including one National Historic Landmark in the county. Three properties are also Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
2025 Delray Beach Open – Singles
Miomir Kecmanović defeated Alejandro Davidovich Fokina in the final, 3–6, 6–1, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Delray Beach Open. He saved two championship points en route to his second ATP Tour title, and his first since 2020.

Taylor Fritz was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Davidovich Fokina.

Miomir Kecmanović
Miomir Kecmanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Миомир Кецмановић, pronounced [mǐomir ketsmǎːnoʋitɕ]; born 31 August 1999) is a Serbian professional tennis player. Kecmanović reached his best singles ranking of world No. 27 on 16 January 2023 and he peaked at world No. 127 on 24 April 2023 in the doubles rankings. He has won two ATP titles both in singles and doubles. He is currently the No. 2 Serbian player.