hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graham James Davies
Graham James Davies (1935 – 17 January 2023) was the Archdeacon of St Davids from 1996 until 2002.

Davies was educated at St David's College, Lampeter. After curacies in Johnston, Pembrokeshire, and Llangathen, he was a Minor Canon at St David's Cathedral. He held incumbencies at Hubberston, Cwmdauddwr and Kidwelly before his appointment as archdeacon.

He died in 2023, aged 87.

St Davids Cathedral
St Davids Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Tyddewi) is a Church in Wales cathedral situated in St Davids, Britain's smallest city, in the county of Pembrokeshire, near the most westerly point of Wales.
Greshicë
Greshicë is a village and a former municipality in the Fier County, southwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, it became a subdivision of the municipality Mallakastër. The population as recorded in the 2011 census was 1,152.

Fier County
Fier County (Albanian pronunciation: [fieɽ]; Albanian: Qarku Fier), officially the County of Fier (Albanian: Qarku i Fierit), is a county in the Southern Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the eighth largest by area and the third most populous of the twelve counties, with about 240,000 people within an area of 1,890 km2 (730 sq mi). The county borders on the Adriatic Sea to the west, the counties of Tirana to the north, Elbasan to the northeast, Berat to the east, Gjirokastër to the southeast and Vlorë to the south. It is divided into six municipalities, Fier, Divjakë, Lushnjë, Mallakastër, Patos and Roskovec, all of whom incorporate 42 administrative units.
Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park
The Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park (HBSP; traditional Chinese: 新竹生物醫學園區; simplified Chinese: 新竹生物医学园区; pinyin: Xīnzhú Shēngwù Yīxué Yuánqū) is an industrial park in Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan which is part of the Hsinchu Science Park.

Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry.
Polyphlebium angustatum
Polyphlebium angustatum is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is found in South America and on a number of Atlantic islands, including Tristan da Cunha. The genus Polyphlebium is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by other sources. As of October 2019, Plants of the World Online sank the genus into a broadly defined Trichomanes, treating this species as Trichomanes angustatum.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
HII (album)
h II is the second album by Japanese producer DJ Honda. It was released on November 12, 1997, via Sony Records in Japan and on March 24, 1998, via Relativity Records and Epic Records in North America and Europe. Audio production of the album was solely handled by DJ Honda, except for three tracks of its worldwide version produced by Mista Sinista, Roc Raida and V.I.C. respectively. It features guest appearances from various hip hop artists, including Camp Lo, Cuban Link, De La Soul, KRS-One, Mos Def and The Beatnuts among others.

The album peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 16 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. It also spawned seven singles, but only two of them reached music charts: "Travellin' Man" (No. 76 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and No. 17 on Hot Rap Songs) and "On The Mic" (No. 89 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs).

Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.
Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.

Spectral color
A spectral color is a color that is evoked by monochromatic light, i.e. either a spectral line with a single wavelength or frequency of light in the visible spectrum, or a relatively narrow spectral band (e.g. lasers). Every wave of visible light is perceived as a spectral color; when viewed as a continuous spectrum, these colors are seen as the familiar rainbow.
Non-spectral colors (or extra-spectral colors) are evoked by a combination of spectral colors.
Diệu Nhân
Lý Thị Ngọc Kiều (chữ Hán: 李氏玉嬌, 1041 – 1113), dharma name Diệu Nhân (妙因), was a princess during the Lý dynasty in Vietnamese history. She was the 17th leader of the Vietnamese Vinītaruci school of Buddhism.

Vinītaruci
Vinītaruci (विनीतरुचि; died 594) was an Indian Buddhist monk who preached in China and Vietnam.

He came to Changan in 573 and spent seven years in China. In 580 he came to support the preaching of Buddhism in Vietnam, being notable as one of the first direct influences on Vietnam in the History of Buddhism in India and in the development of Vietnamese Thiền or Chinese Chán Zen Buddhism in Vietnam. He is known in Vietnam as Tì-ni-đa-lưu-chi (from the Sino-Vietnamese transcription of the Sanskrit 毘尼多流支) and also by the Chinese Sino-Vietnamese name Diệt Hỉ (滅喜) in Chinese-language texts of Vietnamese Buddhism. He was from Oḍḍiyāna, traditionally identified as a place in the Swat valley.
Burquitlam station
Burquitlam station is a rapid transit station on the Millennium Line, part of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain system, and is located in Coquitlam, a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It opened on December 2, 2016, with the rest of the Evergreen Extension and is named after the Burquitlam neighbourhood in which it is located.

The station features a transit exchange (including a direct connection to Simon Fraser University), HandyDart area, night bus service to and from Downtown Vancouver, and bike lockers and racks.

Coquitlam
Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ ⓘ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly suburban, Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province, with an estimated population of 174,248 in 2024, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. The mayor is Richard Stewart.
Su (Unix)
The Unix command su, which stands for "substitute user" (or historically "superuser"), is used by a computer user to execute commands with the privileges of another user account. When executed it invokes a shell without changing the current working directory or the user environment.

When the command is used without specifying the new user id as a command line argument, it defaults to using the superuser account (user id 0) of the system.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Arhopala wildei
Arhopala wildei, the small oakblue or white oakblue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Irian Jaya, western New Guinea, and from Cape York to Innisfail in northern Queensland, Australia.

Their wingspan is about 30 mm. Seitz- wildei Misk. (147 h), from Queensland, is quite similar [ to Arhopala disparilis ], but the margin of the female hindwing above is much broader, and the white under surface in the disc covered with numerous spots.- A form or species quite similar to it flies, according to Waterhouse and Lyell in the Aru Is. The insects mostly fly very high, so that they are difficult to capture and therefore rare in collections.

Their larvae feed on ant eggs, and probably also the larvae. They live in the arboreal nests of the ant species Polyrhachis queenslandica.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
La Piloto season 2
The second and final season of the American television series La Piloto created by Jörg Hiller premiered in Mexico on 18 June 2018 and concluded on 7 October 2018, unlike the previous season that premiered on Univision, this season premiered on Las Estrellas.

Margarita Muñoz
María Margarita Muñoz Parra (September 18, 1987 in Pitalito, Huila, Colombia) is a Colombian model and actress who has participated in soap operas for television networks like Caracol TV, RCN, TV Azteca, Televisa and Telemundo.
Falanghina
Falanghina, also called Falanghina Greco, is a variety of wine grape, Vitis vinifera, used for white wines. It is an ancient grape variety which may have provided a basis for the classical Falernian wine, and has considerable character. It is cultivated on the coast of Campania north of Naples, and frequently consumed in southern Italy along with seafood. The name for the wine appears to derive from the Latin falangae, or stakes for supporting the grapes in a vineyard. In November 2014 Falanghina was approved as a recognized varietal by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau for use in the United States.

Falernian wine
Falernian (Latin: Falernum) was a strong white wine highly prized in the  classical Roman periodon the slopes of Mount Falernus (now Monte Massico) near the border of Latium and Campania. Falernian wine was of at least two types, one relatively dry and the other sweet .  It is impossible to know what grapes were used to make Falernian wine as several grapes are mentioned in the extant literature, none of which are cultivated today under the same name.  It has been suggested that Aglianico was one of the grapes used but this is unlikely given that Aglianico is a dark skinned grape.  Pliny the Elder in his  Natural History  offers a survey of the main ancient vine varieties but it is not possible to identify these with modern vine cultivars, any such identification is merely conjecture.
2014 Food City 500
The 2014 Food City 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on March 16, 2014, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. Contested over 503 laps – having been extended from the original distance of 500 laps in the prospect of a green–white–checker finish that ultimately did not occur due to weather – on the 0.533 miles (0.858 km) concrete oval, it was the fourth race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. Carl Edwards won the race, his first of the season, while teammate Ricky Stenhouse Jr. finished second, while Aric Almirola, Tony Stewart, and Marcos Ambrose rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Kyle Larson (10th), Austin Dillon (11th), and Justin Allgaier (17th).

Marcos Ambrose
Marcos Ross Ambrose (born 1 September 1976) is an Australian former racing driver and current Garry Rogers Motorsport competition director. He won the Australian V8 Supercar series' championship in 2003 and 2004.

In 2006, Ambrose relocated to the United States to pursue racing in NASCAR, starting with the Craftsman Truck Series. He moved up to the Nationwide Series in 2007, and later the Sprint Cup Series in 2008. He is known in NASCAR for having won a total of 6 races at Watkins Glen International. In the Sprint Cup Series, he won at the Glen in 2011 and 2012, and in the Nationwide Series, he won at the Glen in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2014. He is the first Australian driver to win in the highest level of NASCAR.
Bohumila
Bohumila is a given name, the feminine form of Bohumil. It is borne by:

Bohumila Bednářová (1904–1985), Czech astronomer

Bohumila Bloudilová (1876–1946), Czech portrait photographer

Bohumila Grögerová (1921–2014), Czech and Czechoslovak poet and translator

Bohumila Kapplová (born 1944), Czech Olympic canoer

Bohumila Míla Myslíková (1933–2005), Czech actress

Bohumila Řimnáčová (1947–2025), Czech gymnast

Míla Myslíková
Bohumila "Míla" Myslíková (14 February 1933 – 11 February 2005) was a Czech actress. She appeared in over 90 films and television shows from 1954 till 1993. She starred in the 1974 film Kdo hledá zlaté dno, which was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival.
Loris Frasnelli
Loris Frasnelli (born 22 February 1979) is an Italian cross country skier who has competed since 1998. His lone World Cup victory was in a team sprint event in Japan in 2006.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of sixth in the individual sprint event at Turin in 2006.

His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 23rd in the individual sprint event at Sapporo in 2007.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Matsubase, Kumamoto
Matsubase (松橋町, Matsubase-machi) was a town located in Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 25,166 and the density of 659.66 persons per km2. The total area was 38.15 km2.

On January 15, 2005, Matsubase, along with the towns of Misumi and Shiranuhi (both from Uto District), and the towns of Ogawa and Toyono (all from Shimomashiki District), was merged to create the city of Uki and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
MINIMOP
MINIMOP was an operating system which ran on the International Computers Limited (ICL) 1900 series of computers. MINIMOP provided an on-line, time-sharing environment (Multiple Online Programming (MOP) in ICL terminology), and typically ran alongside George 2 running batch jobs. MINIMOP was named to reflect its role as an alternative to the MOP facilities of George 3, which required a more powerful machine.

MINIMOP would run on any 1900 series processor apart from the low-end 1901 and 1902 and required only 16K words of memory and two 4 or 8 million character magnetic disks.

Each user was provided with a fixed size file to hold his data, which was subdivided into a number of variable sized subfiles.  The command language could be extended with simple macros.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.
Carrie & Barry
Carrie & Barry is a British television sitcom first broadcast on BBC One between 2004 and 2005. Written by Simon Nye, it stars Neil Morrissey and Claire Rushbrook.

Produced by Hartswood Films, it reunited Morrissey with writer Simon Nye, executive producer Beryl Vertue and director Martin Dennis. It was produced by Sue Vertue.

Neil Morrissey plays part-time taxi driver Barry and Claire Rushbrook is his beautician wife Carrie.  The couple find themselves with the daily challenges of keeping the spice in their marriage and the fun in their day jobs – as well as having to deal with Barry's teenage daughter Sinéad (Sarah Quintrell) from his disastrous first marriage. In an interview for Best magazine in 2012 Neil Morrissey stated that this role remains the one role of which he is the most proud.

Mark Williams plays Barry's mate Kirk, who co-owns his black cab (he does the night shifts) whilst Michelle Gomez is Carrie's acid-tongued best friend and fellow beautician Michelle.

Hartswood Films
Hartswood Films is a British television production company founded by Beryl Vertue in 1979. They have also produced dramas such as Jekyll, as well as documentaries, and the 1990s ITV/BBC sitcom Men Behaving Badly.

In 2009, Hartswood opened a production office in Cardiff, which works alongside BBC Cymru Wales' "drama village" in Cardiff Bay. The company's first Cardiff-based production is Sherlock, co-created by Steven Moffat.

In July 2024, ITV Studios acquired a majority stake in Hartswood Films.
Lucedio Abbey
Lucedio Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di Santa Maria di Lucedio) is  a 12th-century former Cistercian foundation near Trino, which is now in the province of Vercelli, north-west Italy. It played an important role in the development of rice production in the region.

Province of Vercelli
The province of Vercelli (Italian: provincia di Vercelli) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is Vercelli.

As of 2015, it has an area of 2,081 square kilometres (803 sq mi) and a total population of some 176,000. It is an area known for the cultivation of rice.
Sectional curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two-dimensional linear subspace σp of the tangent space at a point p of the manifold. It can be defined geometrically as the Gaussian curvature of the surface which has the plane σp as a tangent plane at p, obtained from geodesics which start at p in the directions of σp (in other words, the image of σp under the exponential map at p). The sectional curvature is a real-valued function on the 2-Grassmannian bundle over the manifold.

The sectional curvature determines the Riemann curvature tensor completely.

Complete metric space
In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M.

Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary). For instance, the set of rational numbers is not complete, because e.g.  is "missing" from it, even though one can construct a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers that converges to it (see further examples below). It is always possible to "fill all the holes", leading to the completion of a given space, as explained below.
Appalam (film)
Appalam (transl. Appalam) is a 2011 Malaysian comedy-drama film directed by Afdlin Shauki. It is a Tamil-language remake of the Malay film Papadom, also directed by Afdlin, which itself was inspired by the Disney film College Road Trip (2008). The film revolves around an overprotective father, Samy, who besides his own role as a dad to his only daughter Shruti, has to take on the mother role upon the sudden death of his wife.

The film  became the second Malaysian Tamil movie to be shot in 35-mm film format after the 1991 Malaysian Tamil film Naan Oru Malaysian. The film was released on 15 November 2011 in cinemas across Malaysia, Singapore, and Tamil Nadu, to positive  critical acclaim by critics. Appalam also emerged as the highest-grossing locally produced Tamil film of all time before beaten by Maindhan in 2014.

College Road Trip
College Road Trip is a 2008 American family comedy film directed by Roger Kumble and starring Martin Lawrence, Raven-Symoné, and Donny Osmond. The film centers on college-bound teen Melanie Porter (Raven-Symoné), who goes on a road trip to different universities with her family, including her overprotective father. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the United States on March 7, 2008. The film garnered negative reviews from critics and grossed $51.5 million against a $25 million budget.