hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General Assembly of Arkansas Territory
The General Assembly of the Territory of Arkansas, commonly known as the General Assembly, was the legislature of the U.S. territory of Arkansas, from 1819 to 1835. The General Assembly was directly elected, albeit on a restricted franchise. Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Governor.

Historical regions of the United States
The territory of the United States and its overseas possessions has evolved over time, from the colonial era to the present day. It includes formally organized territories, proposed and failed states, unrecognized breakaway states, international and interstate purchases, cessions, and land grants, and historical military departments and administrative districts. The last section lists informal regions from American vernacular geography known by popular nicknames and linked by geographical, cultural, or economic similarities, some of which are still in use today.

For a more complete list of regions and subdivisions of the United States used in modern times, see List of regions of the United States.
Ambrogio Soldani
Ambrogio Soldani O.S.B. Cam. (15 June 1736 – 14 July 1808) was an Italian Camaldolese monk who is known for his works relating the shell fossils found in the mountains of Tuscany. Some of his work could now be viewed as the intersection of geology, zoology and paleontology. Today Soldani is considered, together with Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari, the father of micropaleontology. Charles Lyell considered him one of the most important eighteenth-century naturalists. He also published observations about astronomy.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Culurgiones
Culurgiones (name in Sardinian language; also called culurgionis, culurjones, culijonis, culurjonis, culunjonis, culinjonis, culurzones, or angiulotus, 'agnolotti'; Italian: culurgioni, sg.: culurgione) are a type of Sardinian ravioli-like stuffed pasta. It exists in a version made of potatoes, pecorino cheese and mint, a typical culinary specialty of the sub-region of Ogliastra, and in several other recipes adopted in the rest of the island, such as in Gallura, where the product is aromatized with lemon or orange peel.

Since 2015 the culurgionis d'Ogliastra has been recognised as a protected geographical indication (PGI) product.

Semolina
Semolina is a coarse flour traditionally made from durum wheat. Its high protein and gluten content make it especially suitable for pasta.

Semolina is distinguished from other refined wheat flours by its coarse texture: the Codex Alimentarius specifies that a durum wheat semolina must have grains large enough that no more than 79% pass through a 315-micron textile sieve.
CONTU
CONTU, or the Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works, was created to study issues associated with copyrighted works in computers and computer-related works. It was established in 1974 by the 93rd United States Congress for a period of three years as part of an effort to revise U.S. copyright law. The commission presented its final report on 31 July 1978. It recommended that computer programs be explicitly protected by copyright law. Its recommendations were largely implemented in the Computer Software Copyright Act of 1980 that became effective on December 12. It added a definition of the term "computer program" to 17 U.S.C. § 101 and amending § 117 to allow the owner of the program to make an additional copy or adaptation for use on a computer. It has been argued that the Commission erred in recommending the extension of copyright to machine-readable computer programs, because of the functionality of programs and the limit of Copyright on Useful Articles .

93rd United States Congress
The 93rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1975, during the last 18 months of Richard Nixon's presidency, and the first 6 months of Gerald Ford's.  This Congress was the first (and, to date, only) Congress with more than two Senate presidents (in this case, three). After the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford was appointed under the authority of the newly ratified Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.  Ford became president the next year and Nelson Rockefeller was appointed in his place.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Charles Spinasse
Charles Spinasse (22 October 1893 in Égletons, Corrèze – 9 August 1979 in Rosiers-d'Égletons) was a French politician. He served as mayor of Égletons from  1929 to 1944 and again from 1965 to 1977. He belonged to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In 1938, he served as France's minister of budget.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.
Ashdown Park
Ashdown Park is a 9.3-hectare (23-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) south of Ashbury in Oxfordshire. The SSSI is part of the park of Ashdown House.

The park has been designated an SSSI because of the lichens on its many sarsen boulders. These are in parkland which is heavily grazed to ensure that the lichens, which have taken centuries to grow, do not become shaded. Noteworthy species include Aspicilia caesiocinerea, Buellia saxorum, Candelariella coralliza, Rinodina atrocinerea and Parmelia loxodes.

The park is owned by the National Trust and is open to the public.

Sarsen
Sarsen stones are silicified sandstone blocks found extensively across southern England on the Salisbury Plain and the Marlborough Downs in Wiltshire; in Kent; and in smaller quantities in Berkshire, Essex, Oxfordshire, Dorset, and Hampshire.
North Shore (Nova Scotia)
The North Shore is a region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Although it has no formal identity and is variously defined by geographic, county and other political boundaries, it is defined by Statistics Canada as an economic region, composed of Antigonish County, Colchester County, Cumberland County, Guysborough County, and Pictou County.

Pictou County
Pictou County is a county in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was established in 1835, and was formerly a part of Halifax County from 1759 to 1835. It had a population of 43,657 people in 2021, a decline of 0.2 percent from 2016. Furthermore, its 2016 population is only 88.11% of the census population in 1991. It is the sixth most populous county in Nova Scotia.
Kumysolechebnitsa
Kumysolechebnitsa (Russian: Кумысолечебница) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Sovkhozskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolayevsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 230 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Nikolayevsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Nikolayevsky District (Russian: Никола́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Nikolayevsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,440 square kilometers (1,330 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nikolayevsk. Population: 32,034 (2010 Census); 34,285 (2002 Census); 35,145 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikolayevsk accounts for 47.1% of the district's total population.
Versailles Synagogue
The  Versailles Synagogue (French: Synagogue de Versailles) is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 10, rue Albert Joly in Versailles in the Yvelines department, in the Île-de-France region of France. Built between 1884 and 1886 by the architect Alfred-Philibert Aldrophe, it was inaugurated in 1886, and is one of the oldest synagogues in the Île-de-France region. Mrs Furtado Heine provided significant financial support to the establishment of the synagogue.

The synagogue was listed as a monument historique on 27 January 2010. Having historically worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite, the congregation now worships in the Sephardic rite.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
PITZ
The Photo Injector Test Facility at the DESY location in Zeuthen (PITZ) was built in 2002 in order to test and optimize sources of high-brightness electron beams for future free-electron lasers (FELs) and linear colliders. The focus at PITZ is on the production of intense electron beams with very small transverse emittance and reasonably small longitudinal emittance which are required in order to meet the high-gain conditions of FEL operation. This challenge is met by applying the most advanced techniques in combination with key parameters of projects based on TESLA technology, such as FLASH and the European XFEL. The PITZ collaboration involves several accelerator centres and institutes from around the world.

DESY
DESY, short for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (English: German Electron Synchrotron), is a national research centre for fundamental science located in Hamburg and Zeuthen near Berlin in Germany. It operates particle accelerators used to investigate the structure, dynamics and function of matter, and conducts a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary scientific research in four main areas: particle and high energy physics; photon science; astroparticle physics; and the development, construction and operation of particle accelerators. Its name refers to its first project, an electron synchrotron. DESY is publicly financed by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal States of Hamburg and Brandenburg and is a member of the Helmholtz Association.
Normanby Homestead
Normanby Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead located on the Cunningham Highway in Warrill View, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Balding and constructed between 1866 and 1867. The homestead was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 for its historical and architectural significance.

Cunningham Highway
The Cunningham Highway is a 327-kilometre (203 mi) national highway located in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. The highway links the Darling Downs region with the urbanised outskirts of Ipswich via Cunninghams Gap.

The Cunningham carries the National Highway 15 shield between Ipswich and north of Warwick at its junction with the New England Highway at Glengallan where both the Cunningham and the New England head south concurrently to Warwick. Thereafter, the Cunningham carries the National Route 42 shield to its south-western terminus with the Leichhardt Highway at Goondiwindi. The majority of the Cunningham Highway is a single carriageway with freeway standard and 6-lane arterial road standard towards its north-eastern terminus, near Ipswich.
St. Paul's Church, Malmö
St. Paul's Church (Swedish: S:t Pauli kyrka) is a church located in the Rörsjöstaden neighbourhood of Malmö, Sweden.

St. Paul's Church is a church building in Malmö in the diocese of Lund. Since 2014, it has been the parish church in Malmö S:t Johannes parish. The church is hexagonal and of yellow brick. It was designed by Emil Viktor Langlet. Construction began in 1879 by building contractor Mortensen, Malmö, and was completed in 1882. The inside was richly decorated and the church is equipped with a central tower, surrounded by 12 turrets. The church interior is spacious. A baptistery and devotional chapel have been installed under two of the five stands. The church's stained glass windows were added in the 1950s. Southeast of the church are Sankt Pauli's northern, middle and southern cemeteries.

Baptistery
In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral, and provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Church, the catechumens were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery.
Vellosimine dehydrogenase
In enzymology, vellosimine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.273) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are 10-deoxysarpagine and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are the indole alkaloid vellosimine, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 10-deoxysarpagine:NADP+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis.

Indole alkaloid
Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids containing a structural moiety of indole; many indole alkaloids also include isoprene groups and are thus called terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids. Containing more than 4100 known different compounds, it is one of the largest classes of alkaloids. Many of them possess significant physiological activity and some of them are used in medicine. The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.
2013 Caloocan local elections
Local elections in Caloocan were held on May 13, 2013 within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the two Congressmen, and the councilors, six in each of the city's two legislative districts.

2013 Philippine general election
A general election was held in the Philippines on May 13, 2013. It was a midterm election—the officials elected were sworn in on June 30, 2013, midway through President Benigno Aquino III's term of office.

Being elected are 12 senators (half of the Senate), and all 229 district members of the House of Representatives. These national elections were held on the same day as local and gubernatorial elections, as well as a general election in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. In total, there were 18,022 national and local positions up for election.

Barangay officials, including barangay captains, were elected on October 28, 2013. The elections for SK officials were held at the same day, but on September 24, 2013, the Congress of the Philippines voted to postpone of the election for at least a year.
Alpha Lacertae
Alpha Lacertae, also named Stellio, is a single white-hued star in the constellation of Lacerta, located 103 light-years from the Sun. It is the brightest star in Lacerta with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.76. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −4.5 km/s.

This is an ordinary A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A1 V, which indicates it is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is around 400 million years old with a relatively high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 128 km/s. The star has 2.2 times the mass of the Sun and 2.1 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 28 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,050 K.

Alpha Lacertae has a visual companion, CCDM J22313+5017B, of spectral type A and apparent visual magnitude 11.8, approximately 36 arcseconds away. The companion is optical, a chance line-of-sight coincidence.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
Oria musculosa
The Brighton wainscot (Oria musculosa) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.

It is found in mainland Europe, north Africa and east across the Palearctic to Central Asia, with a separated population in South Africa.
It is nationally scarce in Britain where it may be confined to Salisbury Plain, and was pronounced extinct as a resident species by 2013.

Salisbury Plain
Salisbury Plain is a chalk plateau in southern England covering 300 square miles (780 km2). It is part of a system of chalk downlands throughout eastern and southern England formed by the rocks of the Chalk Group and largely lies within the county of Wiltshire, but stretches into Hampshire.

The plain is famous for its rich archaeology, including Stonehenge, one of England's best known landmarks. Large areas are given over to military training; thus, the sparsely populated plain is the biggest remaining area of calcareous grassland in northwest Europe. Additionally, the plain has arable land, and a few small areas of beech trees and coniferous woodland. Its highest point is Easton Hill.

The area set aside for military use is known as Salisbury Plain Training Area.
Cleatlam
Cleatlam is a small village and civil parish in County Durham, England. It lies south of the larger village of Staindrop. It lies approximately 11 miles (18 km) west of Darlington, which is its post town.

Post town
A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system. Including the correct post town in the address increases the chance of a letter or parcel being delivered on time. Post towns in general originated as the location of delivery offices. As of 2004, their main function is to distinguish between localities or street names in addresses not including a postcode.
Špela Kern
Špela Kern (born 24 February 1990) is a Slovenian racing cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Cofidis. She has competed in the women's road race at the UCI Road World Championships seven times between 2013, and 2022.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Millennium Place
Millennium Place is a luxury residential building located in Boston, Massachusetts. The building completes Boston's Avery Street corridor development, which includes the Ritz Carlton Hotel & Residences, Equinox Fitness Club, and the AMC Loews Boston Common movie theater.

Designed by Handel Architects of New York City; Millennium Place is 256 units, was completed in the autumn of 2013, and became the fastest selling residential property in Boston history.

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC is an American multinational company that operates the luxury hotel chain known as The Ritz-Carlton. The company has 108 luxury hotels and resorts in 30 countries and territories with 29,158 rooms, in addition to 46 hotels with 8,755 rooms planned for the future.

The current company was founded in 1983, when the previous owners sold the Ritz-Carlton brand name and the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Boston, Massachusetts. The brand was subsequently expanded to other locations. The company is currently a subsidiary of Marriott International.
Piove (Ciao, ciao bambina)
"Piove (Ciao, ciao bambina)" ("It's raining [Bye bye, baby girl]") is a song composed by Domenico Modugno with Italian lyrics by Eduardo Verde. It won first prize at the 1959 Sanremo Music Festival, where it was performed by both Modugno and Johnny Dorelli. Performed by Modugno, it represented Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 held in Cannes, placing sixth.

Dalida recorded a song in French as "Ciao ciao bambina", which became a big hit in France and Canada and a pop standard in the francophone world. It was used in Ralph Lauren commercial for their fall 2021 collection.

Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959
Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 with the song "Uh, jeg ville ønske jeg var dig", composed by Otto Lington, with lyrics by Carl Andersen, and performed by Birthe Wilke. The Danish participating broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), organised the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1959 in order to select its entry for the contest. Wilke had previously come third for Denmark in 1957 in a duet with Gustav Winckler, who was one of her competitors in the 1959 national final.
Suzuki (surname)
Suzuki (written: 鈴木 lit. "bell wood", "bell tree" or "bud tree") is a Japanese surname. As of 2008, it is the second most common surname in Japan, after Satō, with 1.9 million people registered. It is said to have been named by the Hozumi clan (穂積氏) in the Heian period (794-1185), after suzuki, which means "the ears of rice piled up" in the dialect of southern Wakayama and Mie prefectures (also known as Kumano). 鈴木 are ateji.

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.