hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Sokolac
The siege of Sokolac was a siege of Sokolac Castle in Brinje, Kingdom of Croatia, in August 1493, by the joint bans of Croatia John Both de Bajna and Emerik Derenčin, against the Frankopan family, due to the Frankopans' attempt to regain control over the town of Senj. John Both was killed during the siege, and it was eventually abandoned after Derenčin received news of an approaching Ottoman army. The two sides made truce, and fought the Ottomans together at the Battle of Krbava Field the following month.

John Both de Bajna
Baron John Both de Bajna (Croatian: Ivan Bot od Bajne, Hungarian: bajnai Both János ; ? – 1493) was a Hungarian nobleman from the Both family, who served as, alongside Emeric Derencsényi, Ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia in 1493. His brother, Andrew Both also acted as ban from 1504 to 1507. Lord of Sykava in 1492, John was killed in the siege of Brinje in 1493.

He married Apollonia Csapy, daughter of the nobleman Andrew Csapy, captain of the castle of Szentgyörgy in the Zala County between approx. 1441, and 1448. The familyname of Apollonia Csapy's mother is unknown, as in all the charts she appears only as "Helene". Apollonia's sister, Helen Csapy, married George Forster de Szenterzsébet. From John Both and Apollonia Csapy's union comes János Both of Bajna (†1521), Vice-Ban of Croatia, captain of the fortress of Belgrade (nándorfehérvári vicebáró); he is killed by the army of Suleiman the Magnificent  August 29, 1521.
Great Synagogue of Tallinn
The Great Synagogue of Tallinn (Estonian: Tallinna suur sünagoog) was an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, that was located in Maakri Street, Tallinn, Estonia. Nowadays, the Jews are using Tallinn Synagogue.

The synagogue was built in 1884, and it was designed by Nikolai Thamm Sr.

The bombing of Tallinn in World War II in 1944, resulted in the synagogue burning; and in 1947, the synagogue was demolished.

Bombing of Tallinn in World War II
During World War II, the Estonian capital Tallinn suffered from many instances of aerial bombing by the Soviet air force and the German Luftwaffe. The first bombings by Luftwaffe occurred during the Summer War of 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa. A number of Soviet bombing missions to then German-occupied Tallinn followed in 1942–1944.

The most extensive of Soviet aerial bombing campaign in Tallinn occurred on 9–10 March 1944 and is known as the 1944 March bombing (Estonian: 1944 märtsipommitamine). After Soviet saboteurs had disabled the water supply, over a thousand incendiary bombs were dropped on the city, causing widespread fires and killing 757 people, of whom 586 were civilians and 75 prisoners of war, wounding 659, and leaving over 20,000 people without shelter.

The Soviet bombings left a legacy of prolonged anti-Soviet resistance and resentment amongst the civilian population of Estonia.
William A. T. Maddox
William A. T. Maddox (1814 – January 1, 1889) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps.

Born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1814, commanded a volunteer company in the Creek and Seminole Wars in 1836, and was appointed 2nd lieutenant in the Marine Corps on October 14, 1837.

On September 12, 1846, while serving in the Mexican–American War, Lieutenant Maddox was appointed by Commodore Robert F. Stockton (commander of all US forces in California at the time) to be Military Commandant of the Middle District of California (one of three districts set up by Stockton).

The next year, he was breveted captain for "gallant and meritorious conduct" during a Mexican uprising at Monterey and during the Battle of Santa Clara, California, January 3, 1847. Monterey was within the Middle District, while Santa Clara was in the Northern District.

Captain Maddox retired in 1880 and died in Washington, D.C.

Battle of Santa Clara (1847)
The Battle of Santa Clara, nicknamed the "Battle of the Mustard Stalks", was a skirmish during the Mexican–American War, fought on  January 2, 1847, 2+1⁄2 miles west of Mission Santa Clara de Asís in California.

In late December, the former Californio military commander of Yerba Buena and a rancher from the San Mateo peninsula, Francisco Sanchez, imprisoned the American Mayor of Yerba Buena, Washington Bartlett, and five of his men, who were all engaged in a foraging raid on the peninsula. After receiving the news of the abduction on December 29, Commodore Montgomery in San Francisco ordered Marine Captain Ward Marston to rescue Bartlett and his men. It was the only engagement of its type in Northern California during the war.
Calum MacNab
Calum MacNab (born 19 January 1989) is a British actor best known for playing Raff in The Football Factory (2004) and the lead character Dom in The Firm (2009). His career has spanned cinema and television, frequently within gritty British crime and coming-of-age dramas.

Ahead of the Class
Ahead of the Class is a single British television drama film, based on the book of the same name by Marie Stubbs, that first broadcast on ITV on 30 January 2005. Adapted for television by Robert Jones and directed by Adrian Shergold, the film stars Julie Walters as Stubbs, a diminutive Glaswegian headmistress who takes on the challenge of improving the fortunes of St George's Roman Catholic Secondary School in North West London.

Reece Dinsdale and Hannah Yelland are credited as the other two principal cast members, who star as Stubbs' deputies, Sean Devlin and Tracy O'Leary respectively. The film was shot on location at the former Kingsland Secondary School in Dalston, Hackney, London. The film drew 9.6 million viewers on its debut broadcast. The film was nominated for two awards at the Royal Television Society Awards 2006, in the categories of Best Single Drama and Best Actress, for Julie Walters. A DVD of the film was released on 21 May 2007.
Russkaya Polyana
Russkaya Polyana (Russian: Русская Поляна) is the name of several urban and rural inhabited localities (work settlements, selos, stations, and villages) in Russia.

Urban localities

Russkaya Polyana (urban-type settlement), Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Russko-Polyansky District of Omsk Oblast

Rural localities

Russkaya Polyana, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a selo in Birobidzhansky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Russkaya Polyana (station), Omsk Oblast, a station under the administrative jurisdiction of the work settlement of Russkaya Polyana in Russko-Polyansky District of Omsk Oblast

Russkaya Polyana, Penza Oblast, a village in Kirillovsky Selsoviet of Zemetchinsky District of Penza Oblast

Birobidzhansky District
Birobidzhansky District  (Russian: Биробиджа́нский райо́н, Yiddish: ביראָבידזשאַן סקי דיסטריקט) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the five in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous oblast. The area of the district is 4,442.56 square kilometers (1,715.28 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,907 (2010 Census);  13,018 (2002 census); 15,437 (1989 Soviet census).
Gustav Storm
Gustav Storm (18 June 1845 – 23 February 1903) was a Norwegian historian, a professor at the Royal Frederick University in Christiania from 1877. He was a driving force in the research of Scandinavian history and literature of the Middle Ages.

History of Scandinavia
The history of Scandinavia is the history of the geographical region of Scandinavia and its peoples. The region is located in Northern Europe, and consists of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Iceland are at times, especially in English-speaking contexts, considered part of Scandinavia.
Nuer White Army
The Nuer White Army, sometimes decapitalised as the "white army", is a semi-official name for an ethnic Nuer militant organization in central and eastern Greater Upper Nile in modern-day South Sudan formed around 1991. According to the Small Arms Survey, it arose from the 1991 schism within the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) for the dual purpose of defending Nuer cattle herds from neighbouring groups and fighting in the Second Sudanese Civil War between the SPLM/A and the Sudanese government.

While sometimes reported that the White Army was so named due to the Nuer practice of smearing one's skin with a light-coloured ash as a protection against biting insects, other sources contend the name was merely intended to draw a distinction between the Nuer militia and the Sudan Armed Forces, with the irregular "white" forces opposing the regular "black" forces.

Jonglei State
Jonglei State is a state of South Sudan with Bor as its centre of government  and the biggest city. Jonglei state comprises nine counties: Bor, Akobo, Ayod, Uror, Duk,  Nyirol, Pigi, Twic East, and Fangak. Jonglei State is the largest state by area before reorganisation, with an area of approximately 122,581 km2, as well as the most populous according to the 2008 census conducted in present-day South Sudan's second period of autonomy. The boundaries of the state were again changed as a result of a peace  agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In the 21st century, Jonglei State has been marred by ethnic clashes, which the UNMISS estimated in May 2012 had affected the lives of over 140,000 people, and which have been  magnified by the broader South Sudanese conflict since December 2013.
Stephen Phillips (British politician)
Stephen James Phillips KC (born 9 March 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician, barrister and recorder (part-time Crown Court judge). He represented the constituency of Sleaford and North Hykeham as its Member of Parliament (MP) from 2010 until his resignation on 4 November 2016, when he announced that he was standing down with immediate effect owing to his irreconcilable policy differences with the government.

Crown Court
The Crown Court is the criminal court of first instance in England and Wales responsible for hearing all indictable offences, some either way offences and appeals of the decisions of magistrates' courts. It is one of three Senior Courts of England and Wales.

The Crown Court sits in around 92 locations in England and Wales, divided into Circuits.  When sitting in the City of London, it is known as the Central Criminal Court or "Old Bailey".

The  Crown Court is administered by HM Courts and Tribunals Service, an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.
Warren Harmon Lewis
Warren Harmon Lewis (June 17, 1870 – July 3, 1964) was an American embryologist and cell biologist. He became professor of physiological anatomy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1913 and from 1919 to 1940, he worked along with his wife Margaret Reed Lewis at the Carnegie Institute of Washington.

Carnegie Institution for Science
Carnegie Science, also known as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and formerly Carnegie Institution for Science, is a nonprofit organization established in 1902 to fund and perform scientific research in the United States. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. In 2018, expenses for scientific programs and administration totaled $96.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million. The current president is American astronomer and astrophysicist John Mulchaey, whose official term began in November 2024.
Cyperus denudatus
Cyperus denudatus, commonly known as the winged sedge, is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Africa, Asia and eastern parts of Australia.

The species was first described in 1782 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger.

Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Carolus Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné den yngre (Swedish; abbreviated Carl von Linné d. y.), or Linnaeus filius (Latin for Linnaeus the son; abbreviated L.fil. (outdated) or L.f. (modern) as a botanical authority; 20 January 1741 – 1 November 1783) was a Swedish naturalist. His names distinguish him from his father, the pioneering taxonomist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
Zamira Zaytseva
Zamira Khamatkhanovna Zaytseva, née Akhtyamova, (Russian: Замира Хаматхановна Зайцева; born February 16, 1953) is a retired middle-distance runner who represented the USSR. She was born in Oltinkoʻl, Uzbek SSR.

Her achievements include three championship silver medals over 1500 metres.

Her personal best times are 1:56.21 (800 metres) and 3:56.14 (1500 metres).

Oltinkoʻl, Andijan Region
Oltinkoʻl (Uzbek: Oltinko‘l, Олтинкўл, Russian: Алтынкуль) is a village in Andijan Region, Uzbekistan. It is administrative center of Oltinkoʻl District. The village population in 1989 was 3,697 people.
Walter Waring (Bishop's Castle MP)
Walter Waring (1667–1724) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He represented a parliamentary constituency as a Member of Parliament and was active in local and national political affairs during his lifetime.

Waring was born 5 December 1667, to Edmund and Mary Waring. On 29 May 1694, Waring married Abigail Morgan, who died in 1753. The couple had no children. Waring died in 1724. He was associated with the Waring family of Owlbury Hall in Shropshire, a landed gentry family with parliamentary connections.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Electoral district of Mount Magnet
Mount Magnet was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1950.  It replaced the former pre-federation seat of Yalgoo (1897-1901)

The district was based on the outback town of Mount Magnet. Upon its creation in 1900 it included a number of other settlements on the Mullewa–Meekatharra railway, such as Yalgoo, Yoweragabbie, Lennonville, and Boogardie, as well as the remote settlements of Rothsay and Paynesville and various pastoral leases. Following the general shift to labor in 1904, the seat was held at all times by the Labor Party.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Neville Samarakoon
Neville Dunbar Mirahawatte Samarakoon, Q.C. (22 October 1919 – 1990) was a Sri Lankan lawyer, who served as the 36th Chief Justice of Sri Lanka from 1977 to 1984. His father was A. C. W. Samarakoon and his mother was Chandrawathi Mirahawatte Kumarihamy.

He was educated at Trinity College, Kandy, then at University College, Colombo and the Law College, Colombo. He began work as an advocate in 1945, and worked as a Crown Counsel from 1948 to ?195, when he returned to private work. He was made Queen's Counsel in 1968. From 1964 to 1977 he was a member of the Bar Council, and sat on the Disciplinary Board for Lawyers from 1971 to 1974, then again in 1976 and 1977.

He was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 1977, a post he would hold until retiring in 1984. He was succeeded by Suppiah Sharvananda.

Ceylon University College
Ceylon University College was a public university college in Ceylon. Established in 1921, it was Ceylon's first attempt at university education. The college didn't award degrees under its own name but prepared students to sit the University of London's external examination. The college was based in Colombo. The college was merged with Ceylon Medical College in 1942 to form the University of Ceylon. The college was also known as University College, Ceylon; University College, Colombo; and Colombo University College. Its buildings and grounds are now occupied by the University of Colombo which is considered its successor.
Saint-Genis-Laval
Saint-Genis-Laval (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒəni laval]) is a commune in the metropolis of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

The Lyon Observatory is located in this commune.

Metropolis of Lyon
The Metropolis of Lyon (French: Métropole de Lyon, pronounced [metʁɔpɔl də ljɔ̃] ⓘ), also known as Grand Lyon ([ɡʁɑ̃ ljɔ̃], 'Greater Lyon'), is a French territorial collectivity in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is a directly-elected metropolitan authority, encompassing both the city of Lyon, and most of its suburbs. It has jurisdiction both as a department, and as a metropolis, which excludes its territory from direct responsibility to the French government department of Rhône. It had a population of 1,436,354 in 2023, 36.1% of whom lived in the city of Lyon proper.

It replaced the Urban Community of Lyon on 1 January 2015, in accordance with the MAPAM law (fr) enacted in January 2014. The first direct metropolitan elections were held in March (1st round) and June (2nd round) 2020, leading to a victory by The Ecologists. The president of the metropolitan council has been Green Party leader Bruno Bernard, since July 2020.
Tanemura
Tanemura (written: 種村 lit. "seed/kind/species, village") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arina Tanemura (種村 有菜, born 1978), Japanese manga artist

Naoki Tanemura (種村 直樹, born 1936), Japanese writer, critic and essayist

Suehiro Tanemura (種村 季弘, 1933–2004), Japanese translator, critic and essayist

Arina Tanemura
Arina Tanemura (種村 有菜, Tanemura Arina; born March 12, 1978) is a Japanese manga artist, illustrator, and character designer. She made her professional manga debut in 1996 with the one-shot The Style of the Second Love in the shōjo manga magazine Ribon Original and later published her first series, I.O.N, in 1997, in the main Ribon magazine. She gained mainstream popularity from the late 1990s to mid-2000s with her series Phantom Thief Jeanne, Full Moon o Sagashite, and The Gentlemen's Alliance Cross.

Throughout her career, Tanemura's work has been recognized in shōjo manga for her art style and themes of young girls transforming into the women they would like to become. In addition to her publications, Tanemura has released two independent studio albums of songs based on her characters and is the character designer for Idolish7 and other media projects.
K-factor (fire protection)
In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.

Volumetric flow rate
In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol Q (sometimes ). Its SI unit is cubic metres per second (m3/s).

It contrasts with mass flow rate, which is the other main type of fluid flow rate. In most contexts a mention of "rate of fluid flow" is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate is known as discharge.

The volumetric flow rate across a unit area is called volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q. Conversely, the integration of a volumetric flux over a given area gives the volumetric flow rate.
Akuila Uate
Akuila Uate (born 6 October 1987), also known by the nicknames of "Aku" and "Akuila the Thriller", is a former professional rugby league footballer who played on the wing. He was both a Fiji and Australian international.

He played for the Newcastle Knights, where he is the highest try-scorer in their history, as well as the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the NRL, and later the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League.

A three time Dally M Winger of the Year, he represented New South Wales in State of Origin. He also represented the Prime Minister's XIII, NRL All Stars, Country NSW and the World All Stars team.

Newcastle International Sports Centre
Newcastle International Sports Centre, currently known as McDonald Jones Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose sports stadium located in Newcastle, Australia. The ground is home to the Newcastle Knights (National Rugby League) and Newcastle Jets FC (A-League). It is owned by the Government of New South Wales and is administered by Venues NSW. Due to past sponsorship deals, the ground has been previously known as Marathon Stadium, EnergyAustralia Stadium, Ausgrid Stadium and Hunter Stadium. Newcastle International Sports Centre is also known as Newcastle Stadium when in use during AFC competitions due to conflicting sponsorship reasons.
Oscar Öhman
Eric Oscar Öhman (1 December 1886 – 16 January 1947) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of parliament (Second Chamber) 1929-1932 för Västernorrlands län.

He was the son of Erik Öhman (farmer and shoemaker) and Anna Svedlund. In 1916 he became a member of the municipal council of Timrå. Towards the end of 1919 Oscar Öhman founded the newspaper Medelpads-Kuriren (which later became Norrlands-Kuriren). In the same year he became vice chairman of the Timrå municipal council.

He was a key leader of the Communist Party in Sundsvall. In 1927 he became a member of the Västernorrlands län county council. When the Communist Party underwent a major split in 1929, Oscar Öhman sided with the Karl Kilbom faction.

Öhman lost his parliamentary seat in the 1932 election. Like many other personalities in the Kilbom faction, he later joined to the Social Democratic Party.

Västernorrland County
Västernorrland County (Swedish: Västernorrlands län) is a county (län) in the north of Sweden. It is bordered by the counties of Gävleborg, Jämtland, Västerbotten and the Gulf of Bothnia.

The name Västernorrland means "Western Norrland", as it was in the western part of the original Norrland (northern Sweden and northern Finland).
Flying banana
The nickname "flying banana" or Flying Banana may be applied to:

Trains on British railways

GWR diesel railcar – introduced in 1932

InterCity 125 – referring to the original livery of the British Rail High Speed Train

New Measurement Train – used by Network Rail to check track and signalling equipment

Other uses

DFW B.I — Imperial German unarmed two-seat observation biplane with "banana-planform" wings (1914)

Piasecki H-21 – a military helicopter

Handley Page H.P.42 - a British biplane airliner

HRP Rescuer – an American tandem-rotor helicopter

Geostationary Banana Over Texas – a proposed work of art that received funding from the Canadian government but was never created

Southern yellow-billed hornbill – a hornbill found in southern Africa

The airplanes of Hughes Air West were known as "flying bananas" due to their distinctive banana-yellow fuselage and tail colors.

GWR railcars
In 1933, the Great Western Railway introduced the first of what was to become a successful series of diesel railcars, which survived in regular use into the 1960s, when they were replaced with the new British Rail "first generation" type diesel multiple units.
St Swithun's School, Winchester
St Swithun's School is an independent day, weekly and full-boarding school for girls in Winchester, Hampshire. It is named after Saint Swithun, a Bishop of Winchester and patron saint of Winchester Cathedral.

Dean of Winchester
The Dean of Winchester is the head of the Chapter of Winchester Cathedral in the city of Winchester, England, in the Diocese of Winchester. Appointment is by the Crown. The first incumbent was the last Prior, William Kingsmill, From March 2025 the vice-dean of the cathedral, The Reverend Canon Dr Roland Riem, has served as interim dean of Winchester Cathedral. Reverend Canon Christopher Palmer will be installed as new dean 15 March 2026.