hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Park, Chennai
The Park Chennai is a five-star deluxe hotel located at the Anna Flyover junction on the erstwhile Gemini Studios premises on Anna Salai, Chennai, India. The hotel, part of the Apeejay Surrendra Group, was opened on 15 May 2002 at an investment of around ₹ 1 billion.

Apeejay Surrendra Group
The Apeejay Surrendra Group is an Indian business conglomerate, established in 1910 in Jalandhar by Lala Pyare Lal. Later, in 1951, the headquarters were relocated to Kolkata. Surrendra Paul was chairman from 1982 until his murder in 1989. Most of the current senior executives are members of his family.

The businesses are tea plantations, fast-moving consumer goods, tea brands, shipping, boutique hotels, commercial real estate, warehousing, business centres, retail brands, bookstores, tea rooms, marine cluster, logistics parks and knowledge parks.
Loghin
Loghin is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diana Loghin (born 1997), Moldovan footballer

Irina Loghin (born 1939), Romanian singer and politician

Mihaela Loghin (born 1952), Romanian shot putter

Mihaela Loghin
Mihaela Loghin (born 1 June 1952) is a shot putter from Romania. She won a silver medal at the 1984 Olympics, one centimetre behind Claudia Losch, and a bronze medal at the 1986 European Indoor Championships.

After retiring from competitions in 1991, Loghin taught physical education, first at a school in Focsani and since 1992 at a military academy.

She has continued to compete in Masters athletics, setting the world record in the W60 division on 9 June 2012 at a meet in Bucharest.
Raffaello Alliegro
Raffaello Alliegro (born 30 May 1964) is an Italian retired long-distance runner who competed at three editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level (1988, 1989, 1990). He won one national championship at senior level (1991 half marathon).

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
Seton Hall University School of Law
Seton Hall University School of Law is the law school of Seton Hall University, and is located in downtown Newark, New Jersey. Seton Hall Law is the only private law school in New Jersey. The school confers three law degrees: Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Master of General Legal Studies. Founded in 1951, it is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA), and is also a member of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS).

Association of American Law Schools
The Association of American Law Schools (AALS), formed in 1900, is a non-profit organization of 175 law schools in the United States. An additional 19 schools pay a fee to receive services but are not members. AALS incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization in 1971. The association is a member of both the American Council on Education and the American Council of Learned Societies. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
Carver matrix
The Carver matrix can refer to:

CARVER matrix - a military based target acquisition system

Carver matrix seriation diagram named after Martin Carver which is designed to represent the time lapse in use of recognizable archaeological entities such as floors and pits.

Martin Carver
Martin Oswald Hugh Carver, FSA, Hon FSA Scot, FBA (born 8 July 1941) is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of York, England, director of the Sutton Hoo Research Project and a leading exponent of new methods in excavation and survey. He specialises in the archaeology of early Medieval Europe. He has an international reputation for his excavations at Sutton Hoo, on behalf of the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries and at the Pictish monastery at Portmahomack Tarbat, Easter Ross, Scotland. He has undertaken archaeological research in England, Scotland, France, Italy and Algeria.
Lyciscus of Macedon
Lykiskos (Ancient Greek: Λυκίσκος), (English: Lycisus), was an officer of the Macedonian Cassander in the 4th century BCE.

Lyciscus was sent by Cassander to Epirus as regent and general, when the Epirotes had passed sentence of banishment against their king Alcetas II of Epirus and allied themselves with Cassander in 316 BCE.

In 314 BCE, Cassander left him in command of a strong body of troops in Acarnania, which he had organized against the Aetolians, who favored the cause of Antigonus Monophthalmus. Lyciscus was still commanding in Acarnania in 312 BCE, when he was sent with an army into Epirus against Alcetas whom he defeated. He also took the town of Eurymnae, and destroyed it.

Epirus (region)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/ ih-PY-rəs; Greek: Ήπειρος, romanized: Ípiros, [ˈi.pi.ros]) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region in northwestern Greece. It borders the regions of Western Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. The region has an area of about 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi). It is part of the wider historical region of Epirus, which overlaps modern Albania and Greece but lies mostly within Greek territory.
Cairo Rosenwald School
Cairo Rosenwald School is a former school for African-American children located in the unincorporated community of Cairo, Sumner County, Tennessee. It was one of seven Rosenwald schools built in the county.

Sumner County, Tennessee
Sumner County is a county located on the central northern border of Tennessee in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 196,281. Its county seat is Gallatin, and its most populous city is Hendersonville. The county is named after an American Revolutionary War hero, General Jethro Sumner.

Sumner County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is made up of eight cities, including Gallatin, Goodlettsville, Hendersonville, Millersville, Mitchellville, Portland, Westmoreland, and White House. Sumner County is 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Nashville, Tennessee.
Xiulin, Hualien
Xiulin Township / Sioulin Township (Chinese: 秀林鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiùlín Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Siòulín Siang) is a mountain indigenous township of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located northwest of Hualien City, and is the largest township in Taiwan by area (1,641.86 km²) with 9 villages. It has a population of 17,068, most of which are the indigenous Taroko people.

Because of its location beside the Central Mountain Range, the climate changes by altitude. Taroko National Park is located in Xiulin Township. In recent years, people in Xiulin have lobbied to change its name to "Taroko Township" (太魯閣鄉).

The second deadliest train disaster in Taiwan's history happened here in 2021.

Taroko people
The Taroko people (Chinese: 太魯閣族; pinyin: Tàilǔgézú), also known as Truku people, are an Indigenous Taiwanese people. Taroko is also the name of the area of Taiwan where the Taroko reside. The Executive Yuan, Republic of China has officially recognized the Taroko since 15 January 2004. The Taroko are the 12th aboriginal group in Taiwan to receive this recognition.

Previously, the Taroko and the related Seediq people were classified in the Atayal group. The Taroko people demanded a separate status for themselves in a "name rectification" campaign.

The Taroko resisted and fought the Japanese in the 1914 Truku War.
Political party strength in South Carolina
The following table indicates the parties of elected officials in the U.S. state of South Carolina:

Governor

Lieutenant Governor

Secretary of State

Attorney General

Treasurer

Comptroller General

Superintendent of Education

Adjutant General (no longer elected after 2014; appointed by governor beginning in 2019)

Commissioner of Agriculture

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

State Senate

State House of Representatives

State delegation to the U.S. Senate

State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

Bold indicates present office holders.

South Carolina Superintendent of Education
The South Carolina superintendent of education is the executive of the South Carolina Department of Education. The superintendent is responsible for overseeing the 1.5 billion dollar budget of the department and ensuring that schools and schools districts are abiding by federal and state laws as well as the requirements established by the department. The superintendent is elected at-large and serves a term of four years. The position has no term limits. The current superintendent of education is Ellen Weaver, a Republican, who was elected in 2022 upon the retirement of Molly Spearman.
Spherics
Spherics (sometimes spelled sphaerics or sphaerica) is a term used in the history of mathematics for historical works on spherical geometry, exemplified by the Spherics (Ancient Greek: τὰ σφαιρικά tá sphairiká), a treatise by the Hellenistic mathematician Theodosius (2nd or early 1st century BC), and another treatise of the same title by Menelaus of Alexandria (c. 100 AD).

Menelaus of Alexandria
Menelaus of Alexandria (/ˌmɛnɪˈleɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Μενέλαος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Menelaos ho Alexandreus; c. 70 – 140 CE) was a Greek mathematician and astronomer, the first to recognize geodesics on a curved surface as natural analogs of straight lines.
2013 Malaysian Open – Singles
Hsieh Su-wei was the defending champion, but she lost in the quarterfinals to Bethanie Mattek-Sands. Karolína Plíšková defeated Mattek-Sands in the final, 1–6, 7–5, 6–3, to claim her first WTA singles title.

Nudnida Luangnam
Nudnida "Chun" Luangnam (Thai: ณัฐนิดา หลวงแนม; born 27 February 1987) is a former tennis player from Thailand. She has career-high WTA rankings of 195 in singles, set on 13 May 2013, and 342 in doubles, achieved on 13 November 2017.
Roy Hart (gridiron football)
Roy Hart Jr. (born July 10, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 1988 NFL draft with the 158th overall pick. He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks.

Hart has also played for the London Monarchs, Los Angeles Raiders, Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Las Vegas Posse.

Los Angeles Raiders
The Los Angeles Raiders were a professional American football team of the National Football League (NFL). The Raiders played in Los Angeles from 1982 to 1994 before moving back to Oakland, California, where the team played from its inaugural 1960 season through 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019.

The team's first home game in Los Angeles was at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on November 22, 1982, after a 57-day player strike. They played their last game as a Los Angeles–based team on December 24, 1994. During their tenure in Los Angeles, the Raiders won four Division titles (AFC West), and one Super Bowl championship: 1983 (XVIII).

After both the Raiders and the Rams left Los Angeles after the 1994 season, Los Angeles was left without an NFL team until the 2016 season.
Qayqu (Junín)
Qayqu (Quechua for a type of hunt, hispanicized spelling Jaico) is a mountain in the Paryaqaqa mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,300 m (17,400 ft) high. It is situated in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, on the border of the districts of Suitucancha and Yauli. Qayqu lies north of Putka and southeast of Uqhu.

Suitucancha District
Suitucancha (Hispanicized spelling of the Quechua term Suyt'u Kancha, suyt'u rectangular, kancha corral, square, "rectangular corral (or square)") is one of ten districts of the Yauli Province in Peru. Its seat is Suitucancha.
Wekiwa Springs State Park
Wekiwa Springs State Park is a 7,000-acre (28 km2) Florida State Park in Apopka, Florida. It is located 20 minutes north of Orlando, off Interstate 4 at exit 94, near Altamonte Springs and Longwood. The park also contains the head water of the Wekiva River. It also serves as the headquarters of one of the state's five AmeriCorps Florida State Parks chapters.

Although the springs are spelled Wekiwa Springs, the river and most subdivisions and streets in Seminole County use the Wekiva spelling. Wekiwa is the Creek word for a spring, but contrary to popular belief that Wekiva means "flowing water", it was actually an alternate spelling used by developers.

Seminole County, Florida
Seminole County (/ˈsɛmɪnoʊl/, SEM-i-nohl) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 470,856, making it the 13th-most populated county in Florida. Its county seat and largest city is Sanford. Seminole County is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
VAQ-136
Electronic Attack Squadron 136 (VAQ-136) "Gauntlets" is a United States Navy Electronic attack squadron flying the EA-18G Growler and is currently attached to Carrier Air Wing Two, deploy aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson a composite unit made up of a wide array of aircraft performing a variety of combat and support missions including F2T2EA. The squadron is currently stationed at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Eopeyeria
Eopeyeria is an extinct genus of marine catfish known from the Late Eocene. It contains a single species, E. aegyptiaca from the Qasr el-Sagha Formation of Egypt. It was initially placed in Ariopsis before being placed into its own genus, but is still thought to be a member of Ariidae.

Qasr el Sagha Formation
The Qasr el Sagha Formation is a geological formation located in Egypt. The formation is part of the Wadi El Hitan World Heritage Site. The Qasr el Sagha Formation overlies the Birket Qarun Formation and is overlain by the Gebel Qatrani Formation. The sandstones and shales of the formation were deposited in a deltaic to shallow marine environment. It dates to the Late Eocene (middle Priabonian, 37.2 to 33.9 million years ago).
William Ryan (psychologist)
William J. Ryan Jr. (September 20, 1923 – June 7, 2002) was a psychologist, author, and civil rights activist. He is best known for his exposure of the sociological phenomenon of "blaming the victim", which he articulated in his 1971 book of the same name. Ryan's work is considered a major structuralist rebuttal to the Moynihan Report. The 1965 report had mainly attributed the high poverty rate among African Americans to a "tangle of pathology" in Negro families, such as a preponderance of out-of-wedlock births, absent fathers, and single-mother households. Ryan rejected this explanation of supposed cultural deprivation for its confusion of cause and effect, a fallacy he termed "victim blaming".

Single parent
A single parent is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child in household together. Reasons for becoming a single parent include annulment, death, divorce, break-up, abandonment, domestic violence, rape, childbirth by a single person or single-person adoption. A single parent family is a family with children that is headed by a single parent.
Yarramalong, New South Wales
Yarramalong (cedar country) is a township and suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) upstream from Wyong along the Wyong River. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

The Yarramalong township has: Rural Fire Station, two cemeteries, public school (which closed down recently and is now used for community purposes), general store/petrol station, bottle shop/guest house and a hall which was originally an art hall but is now also used for community purposes. Busways now only operates a school bus service between Yarramalong and Wyong. It was acquired from Yarramalong Bus Lines in 2008.

Yarramalong Valley is the home of many horse studs, turf farms, citrus crops as well as a macadamia nut farm and a lavender farm.

The Great North Walk also passes through Yarramalong to Cedar Brush Creek to the north and Kulnura.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Chah, Cameroon
Chah, or Cha, is a village in the Northwest Province of Cameroon that was largely abandoned after the Lake Nyos disaster of 1986, when an eruption of carbon dioxide from nearby Lake Nyos killed many of its inhabitants. The village's population in 2005 was 593, 147 of which were men, and 446 were women.

The village's infrastructure consists of at least seven kilometers of road, two bridges, and seven culverts.

There are concerns about the stability of the natural rock wall that holds back the lake water. Regardless, the area was resettled after the disaster and reportedly has highly fertile soil.

Lake Nyos disaster
On 21 August 1986, a limnic eruption at Lake Nyos in northwestern Cameroon killed 1,746 people and 3,500 livestock.

The eruption triggered the sudden release of about 100,000–300,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2). The gas cloud initially rose at nearly 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph; 28 m/s) and then, being heavier than air, descended onto nearby villages, suffocating people and livestock within 25 kilometres (16 mi) of the lake.

A degassing system has since been installed at the lake, with the aim of reducing the concentration of CO2 in the waters and therefore the risk of further eruptions. Along with the Lake Monoun disaster two years earlier, it is one of only two recorded limnic eruptions in history.
Sicily 2 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)
Sicily 2 is one of the 29 constituencies (Italian: circoscrizioni) represented in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian parliament. The constituency currently elects 24 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Metropolitan City of Catania and the provinces of Enna, Messina, Ragusa and Siracusa, within the Sicily region. The electoral system uses a parallel voting system, which act as a mixed system, with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post electoral system and 61% using a proportional method, with one round of voting.

The constituency was first established by the Mattarella law on 4 August 1993 and later confirmed by the Calderoli law on 21 December 2005 and by the Rosato law on 3 November 2017.

Province of Messina
The province of Messina (Italian: provincia di Messina; Sicilian: pruvincia di Missina) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina.
LSWR 460 class
The LSWR 460 class was a class of express passenger 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for the London and South Western Railway by William Adams. Twenty were constructed by Neilson and Company and Robert Stephenson and Company in 1884 and one in 1887.

Adams had originally ordered ten locomotives from each manufacturer in 1884. In 1887, Robert Stephenson and Company built an additional locomotive for display at a Jubilee exhibition in Newcastle upon Tyne, after which it was sold to the LSWR. The class were numbered 147, 460–478 and 526, and were a small-wheeled version of the 445 class.

All except 526 were renumbered into the duplicate list as 0147, 0460–0478 between 1908 and 1924.

All passed to the Southern Railway at the grouping in 1923. Withdrawals started the following year with the last two, 467 and 470 being withdrawn and scrapped in 1929.

Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government. It was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed the "Big Four". The system of the "Big Four" lasted until the nationalisation of the railways in 1947.

During World War I, the British government had taken control, although not ownership, of British railways. The intention behind the Act was to reduce inefficient internal competition between railway companies and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway system during the war. The provisions of the act took effect from the start of 1923.
JIE
The JIE may be:

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, an academic journal in the United Kingdom

Jakarta International Expo, an exhibition center in Jakarta, Indonesia

Joint Information Environment, an abstraction of the United States Department of Defense joint computer networks

Jakarta International Expo
6°08′48″S 106°50′44″E﻿ / ﻿6.146701°S 106.845681°E﻿ / -6.146701; 106.845681

Jakarta International Expo (JIExpo or JIExpo Kemayoran) is a convention, exhibition and entertainment complex located at Pademangan in North Jakarta, Indonesia. Opened in 2010, it was developed by the Central Cipta Murdaya group, built in the area of the former Kemayoran Airport. JIExpo is the sole venue of the Jakarta Fair, the largest annual trade fair in Indonesia.

JIExpo covers approximately 44 hectares, with a 2,500-seat theatre and concert hall, 100,000 square meters of exhibition and convention space, and supporting operations. The facility has five exhibition halls, two ballrooms, 14 meeting rooms, and a professional international theatre. JIExpo underwent an expansion from 2016 to 2019, adding an international theatre and convention center. There is also a Holiday Inn Express on the grounds.
Elaphe moellendorffi
Elaphe moellendorffi, commonly called the flower snake, Moellendorf's rat snake, and Moellendorff's trinket snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to mainland Southeast Asia.

Colubrinae
The Colubrinae are a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae. It includes numerous genera, and although taxonomic sources often disagree on the exact number, the Reptile Database lists 717 species in 92 genera as of September 2019. It is the second largest subfamily of colubrids, after Dipsadinae. Many of the most commonly known snakes are members of this subfamily, including rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes, and indigo snakes.