hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon Magne Leinaas
Jon Magne Leinaas (born 11 October 1946) is a Norwegian theoretical physicist.

He was born in Oslo. He took the cand.real. at the University of Oslo in 1970 and the dr.philos. degree at the same institution in 1980. He was a fellow at Nordita, and at CERN, and held a faculty position at the University of Stavanger, before he was appointed as a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Oslo in 1989. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Together with Jan Myrheim he discovered that in one and two spatial dimensions, there is a possibility of having fractional quantum statistics. This is of particular importance in two dimensions where fractional statistics particles, usually referred to as  anyons, play an important role in the theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The duo shared the Fridtjof Nansen Excellent Research Award in Science in 1993.

He resides at Gjettum, a suburb of Oslo.

University of Stavanger
The University of Stavanger (Norwegian: Universitetet i Stavanger, UiS) is a public research university located in Stavanger, Norway. It was established in 2005 when the Stavanger University College received university status.

The university is organised in six faculties. In 2022 it had 12,506 students and 2,200 employees including academics, administrative and service staff. In 2024 it had a budget of just under two billion NOK, which corresponds to roughly $190 million.
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik (Hebrew: משולם דוד סולובייצ'יק also known as Reb Dovid or Rav Dovid; 21 October 1921 – 31 January 2021) was a Haredi rabbi and rosh yeshiva of one of the branches of the Brisk yeshivas in Jerusalem.

Maggid shiur
A maggid shiur (Hebrew: מגיד שיעור, romanized: maggiḏ shiʿur, lit. 'teller of a shiur or Torah lecture') is the rabbi that lectures in a yeshiva or kollel. He usually lectures in one place, on a given topic, generally on advanced and in-depth Talmudic studies, on a fixed schedule.

The stature of a maggid shiur is a much sought-after position by the typical yeshiva student. The position is usually obtained by those well versed in the Talmud.

Elazar Shach told a future maggid shiur that the key to successful lectures is "knowing how to ask the initial questions that comprise the shiur."
Gulf darter
The gulf darter (Etheostoma swaini) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Kentucky. It is a colorful fish, males having vertical barring of red-orange and blue-green near the tail, growing to a length of about 7.8 centimeters (3.1 in). It is typically found in small and medium-sized creeks, often in very shallow water. It occurs over sandy bottoms and among aquatic vegetation such as Sparganium americanum, foraging among the plants and organic debris for insect larvae and small invertebrates. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
Leser
Leser is the surname of:

Benno Max Leser-Lasario, Austrian physician, singer and breathing instructor

C. E. V. Leser (1915–1998), German-born econometrician

Edmund Leser (1828–1916), German surgeon (Leser–Trélat sign)

Emanuel Leser (1849–1914), German economist

Ludwig Leser (1890–1946), Austrian politician

Norbert Leser (1933–2014), Austrian social philosopher

Oscar Leser (Leser v. Garnett, 1922)

Paul Leser (1899–1984), German-born American ethnologist

Tina Leser (1910–1986), American fashion designer

Edmund Leser
Edmund Leser (1 May 1853, in Münster – 11 December 1916, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German surgeon remembered for describing the Leser-Trélat sign (named with Ulysse Trélat, 1828–1890).

He studied law in Berlin and served in the Franco-Prussian War as an artillery officer before studying medicine in Leipzig. He received his doctorate in 1880 and worked as Richard von Volkmann's assistant in Halle. He qualified as a surgeon in 1884, and became a professor in 1894, practicing in Halle and Frankfurt.

He was the author of Lehrbuch der speciellen Chirurgie in 50 Vorlesungen (Textbook of special surgery in 50 lectures), published in several editions.
Maurice Ndour
Maurice Daly Ndour (born June 18, 1992) is a Senegalese professional basketball player for Pallacanestro Brescia of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for the Ohio Bobcats and has represented the Senegalese national team, where he participated in the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Senegal men's national basketball team
The Senegal national basketball team (French: Équipe de basketball du Senegal) represents Senegal in men's international basketball and it is overseen by Federation Senegalaise de basketball, five time a gold medallist (in 1968, 1972, 1978, 1980, and 1997), a six time silver medallist, and a four time bronze medallist at the FIBA Africa Championship. Senegal was the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Summer Olympics Basketball Tournament.

The team has included several players who have competed in the U.S. National Basketball Association, including former Charlotte Bobcats center DeSagana Diop and current Minnesota Timberwolves center Gorgui Dieng, and is considered to be, along with those of Nigeria and Angola, a top African side.
Radhe family
Radhe is a Swedish family.

An early primogenitor was Bryngel Radhe, burgher and restaurateur in Gothenburg (dead November 5, 1679). He was married January 17, 1656 in Gothenburg to Maria Hantons (dead June 11, 1680), daughter of presumably a Scottish immigrant. One branch was ennobled as Gripenstedt in 1717. Another branch was ennobled as Palmencrona in 1718.

Johan August Gripenstedt
Baron Johan August Gripenstedt (11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874) was a Swedish businessman and politician. During his political career, Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly (as a representative of the nobility) from 1840 to 1848, Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856, Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866, and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873. He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance, during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways.
Alder Wood and Meadow
Alder Wood and Meadow is a 13.2-hectare (33-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Corby in Northamptonshire.

The semi-natural ancient broadleaved woodland is a surviving fragment of the Royal Forest of Rockingham. It is mainly ash, and the ground flora on base rich soil includes tufted hair-grass, dog's mercury and enchanter's nightshade. The meadow is agriculturally unimproved, and it has surviving medieval ridge and furrow.

There is access by a footpath from Rushton.

Mercurialis perennis
Mercurialis perennis, commonly known as dog's mercury, is a poisonous woodland plant found in much of Europe as well as in Algeria, Iran, Turkey, and the Caucasus, but almost absent from Ireland, Orkney and Shetland. A member of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), it is a herbaceous, downy perennial with erect stems bearing simple, serrate leaves. The dioecious inflorescences are green, bearing inconspicuous flowers from February to April.  It characteristically forms dense, extensive carpets on the floor of woodlands and beneath hedgerows.
OTV-7
Orbital Test Vehicle 7 (OTV-7), also referred to as United States Space Force-52 (USSF-52) or USA-349, is the fourth flight of the second Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a highly elliptical high Earth orbit aboard a Falcon Heavy rocket (for the first time) from LC-39A on December 29, 2023 at 01:07:00 UTC (December 28, 8:07 pm EST, local time at the launch site).

The spaceplane is operated by the Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office and United States Space Force, which considers the mission classified and as such has not revealed the objectives. The spaceplane was sent to orbit with a wide range of test and experimentation objectives. These tests include operating in new orbital regimes, experimenting with space domain awareness technologies and investigating the radiation effects to materials provided by NASA.

Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office
The Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO or DAF RCO) is an office in the United States Department of the Air Force tasked with expediting the development of select technological systems. The RCO was activated by the secretary of the Air Force on April 28, 2003, and is currently overseeing the development of the U.S. Air Force's Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider in partnership with Northrop Grumman, and the U.S. Space Force's X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle in partnership with NASA.
Serbia–Sweden relations
Serbia and Sweden maintain diplomatic relations established in 1917. From 1918 to 2006, Sweden maintained relations with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor.

Successor state
A successor state is a concept in international relations regarding a sovereign state that has formed over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state. A successor state may or may not acquire a new international legal personality, while a continuing state (also known as a continuator or historical heir) retains the same international legal personality and all the rights and obligations of a predecessor state. The theory has its roots in 19th-century diplomacy.
Metaphorical Music
Metaphorical Music is the debut studio album by Japanese musician Nujabes. Released in 2003, it offers a combination of hip hop and instrumental jazz, and features artists like Shing02, Substantial, Five Deez and Cise Starr (of CYNE). Despite the fact that the album has contributing vocals from several artists, it is roughly classified as an instrumental hip hop album.

Uyama Hiroto contributed to several notable tracks on the album, including "Letter from Yokosuka" and "Next View", and would appear on subsequent albums Modal Soul and Spiritual State. Metaphorical Music received universal acclaim from Nujabes' fans and critics alike.

Substantial
Stanley Robinson, known as Substantial, is an American hip hop recording artist from Prince George's County, Maryland. He now operates out of Virginia.

His videos have appeared on MTV, BET and VH1, while his music has made it to the second round of Grammy voting in three categories. The car company Bentley reached out to have Substantial's supergroup, FANOMM (with Chew Fu & J-Cast) to create a song for them and perform in China at their car show. Substantial is also known for having been a close collaborator of Nujabes, the Japanese producer who died in 2010.
T-Force (film)
T-Force is a 1994 science fiction action film directed by Richard Pepin. Set in the near future, its plot concerns a group of law enforcement cyborgs called Cybernauts, which, after being threatened with their shutdown, rebel against their superiors and the authorities.

Cyborg
A cyborg (/ˈsaɪbɔːrɡ/) is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. It is a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has undergone restoration of function or enhancements of abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.
Marcel Langsam
Marcel Langsam (26 October 1891 – 21 November 1979) was a Luxembourgish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912, he was a member of the Luxembourgish team, which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team, free system
The men's team competition with a free system was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was one of three team gymnastics events.  The others were a team competition in the Swedish system and a standard team competition.

It was the first appearance of the event, which would only be held again at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The official name was Team Competition III – with free choice of movements and apparatus. For every nation one team was allowed to participate. One team had to consist of not less than 16 nor more than 40 members. The entry was closed on June 6, 1912. As all other gymnastics competitions the event took place in the Olympiastadion.

The competition was held on Wednesday July 10, 1912, in the time from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
The Cape Cod Mystery
The Cape Cod Mystery, first published in 1931, is a detective story by Phoebe Atwood Taylor, the first to feature her series detective Asey Mayo, the "Codfish Sherlock". This novel is a mystery of the type known as a whodunnit.

According to The New York Times, "Phoebe Atwood Taylor can get more fun into a detective story than any writer at present producing, and with all the fun there is a mystery that is baffling for its own sake."

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Laura Jarrett
Laura Jarrett is an American television journalist working for NBC News. She currently serves as co-anchor for the Saturday editions of Today alongside Peter Alexander, and is NBC News' senior legal correspondent.

Peter Alexander (journalist)
Peter Marvin Alexander (born July 29, 1976) is an American journalist and television presenter who works for NBC News. He obtained the title of NBC News White House correspondent covering the White House and the President of the United States in December 2012.

In October 2018, he was named co-anchor of Today for Saturday editions. His reports appear across all platforms of NBC News, including NBC Nightly News, Today, Meet the Press, NBC News Now, Dateline NBC, and NBCNews.com. He shared duties alongside Kristen Welker as the network's co-chief White House correspondent starting in January 2021. After Welker became the moderator of Meet the Press, Alexander became the sole chief White House correspondent for NBC News (and MSNBC until it became part of separate company Versant in November 2025).
War of Te Kupenga
The War of Te Kupenga was a conflict in early 1820s New Zealand in which the Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti and Ngāti Hinepare hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu fought against Ngāti Tūwharetoa

The war arose out a marriage dispute within Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti. A number of their chiefs responded to this by leading an attack on the east coast of Lake Taupō, in which they attacked a hapū of Tūwharetoa with only a tangential connection to the dispute. Ngāti Tūwharetoa responded with an attack on the heartland of Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti in the Ahimanawa Range, led by the young Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II. The war ended when the rest of Ngāti Kahungunu chose not to seek revenge for this attack. Alongside battles with Ngāti Maru, the war of Te Kupenga played an important role in Te Heuheu's rise to become paramount chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, a position still held by his family today.

Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)
Ngāti Maru is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the Hauraki region of New Zealand. The stronghold of Ngāti Maru has been the Thames area. Ngāti Maru are descendants of Te Ngako, also known as Te Ngakohua, the son of Marutūāhu, after whom the tribe is named.

It is one of five tribes of the Marutūāhu confederation, the others being Ngāti Paoa, Ngāti Rongoū, Ngāti Tamaterā and Ngāti Whanaunga. The Marutūāhu tribes are descended from Marutūāhu, a son of Hotunui, who is said to have arrived in New Zealand on the Tainui canoe. The Marutūāhu tribes are therefore part of the Tainui group of tribes. The Marutūāhu confederation is also part of the Hauraki collective of tribes.

The tribal seat of Ngāti Maru is said to have been Kirikiri, just south-east of Thames.
Vlado Jagodić
Vlado Jagodić (Serbian Cyrillic: Владо Јагодић; born 22 March 1964) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of First League of the Republika Srpska club Kozara Gradiška.

FK Borac Banja Luka
Fudbalski klub Borac Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Бopaц Бања Лука, pronounced [bǒːrat͡s]) is a Bosnian professional football club, based in the city of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is the main part of the Borac Banja Luka Sports Society. Borac Banja Luka is one of the most popular football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The name Borac means "Fighter".

Currently, Borac is a part of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches at the Banja Luka City Stadium, which has a capacity of 10,030 seats.
West Park Mall
West Park Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Opened in 1981, it is anchored by JCPenney (100,466 sq ft (9,333.6 m2)), Simple Home (80,710 sq ft (7,498 m2)), Old Navy, and Barnes & Noble.

Ashley HomeStore
Ashley Home Stores Ltd. (doing business as Ashley and still known as Ashley Furniture HomeStore in some countries) is an American furniture store chain that sells Ashley Furniture products. Opened in 1997, the chain comprises over 2,000 locations worldwide. The chain has both corporate and independently licensed and operated furniture stores.
Jurčo
Jurčo is a Slovak family name:

Matej Jurčo (1984) Slovak road bicycle racer

Milan Jurčo (1957) Czechoslovak road bicycle racer

Pavol Jurčo (1986) Slovak footballer

Tomáš Jurčo (1992) Slovak ice hockey player

Matej Jurčo
Matej Jurčo (born 8 August 1984 in Poprad) is a Slovak former professional road bicycle racer, who competed professionally between 2004 and 2015. He is the son of Milan Jurčo, who was also a professional cyclist.

Matej Jurčo was a multinational champion in the individual time trial, as well as a national champion in the road race in 2008.
Plate scale
The plate scale of a telescope connects the angular separation of an object with the linear separation of its image at the focal plane.

If focal length f is measured in millimeters, the plate scale in radians per millimeter is given by angular separation θ, and the linear separation of the image at the focal plane s, or by simply the focal length f:

since

Plate scale is usually expressed in arcseconds per millimeter:

where f is in mm,
or expressed in arcseconds per pixel after further division through the pixel scale.

Angular distance
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere. When the rays are lines of sight from an observer to two points in space, it is known as the apparent distance or apparent separation.

Angular distance appears in mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g., kinematics, astronomy, and geophysics). In the classical mechanics of rotating objects, it appears alongside angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, moment of inertia and torque.
Willy Coppens
Willy Omer François Jean baron Coppens de Houthulst, DSO MC (6 July 1892 – 21 December 1986) was Belgium's leading fighter ace and the champion "balloon buster" of World War I. He was credited with 37 confirmed victories and six probables.

Balloon buster
Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons. These pilots were noted for their fearlessness, as balloons were stationary targets able to receive heavy defenses, from the ground and the air. Seventy-seven flying aces in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons, and thus were balloon aces.
Nottingham English School
Nottingham English School is a specialist provider of English language tuition based in the city of Nottingham in England. The School is an academic department forming part of Nottingham College, based at the historic Adams Building in the Lace Market area of Nottingham city centre.

The Nottingham English School offers English language training including:

General English

Academic English

Preparation for the IELTS test

Summer School programmes

CELTA teacher training programmes

Bespoke study opportunities for groups

The Nottingham English School offers British Council-accredited English Language tuition and is a member of English UK. Nottingham College is licensed to sponsor migrants by the UK Visas and Immigration under Tier 4 of the British points-based immigration system.

Lace Market
The Lace Market is a historic quarter-mile square area in the centre of Nottingham, England. It was once the centre of the world's lace industry and was an area of salesrooms and warehouses for storing, displaying and selling the lace. It is now designated as a conservation area and accommodates a variety of bars, restaurants and shops. It also hosts the Lace Market Theatre, the National Justice Museum and the Nottingham Contemporary arts centre.

The area is served by Nottingham Express Transit's Lace Market tram stop on Fletcher Gate.
Egidijus Majus
Egidijus Majus (born 5 January 1984) is a Lithuanian footballer currently playing for Dinamo Samarqand. His former club were DAC Dunajská Streda and Steel Azin.

He played 1 game for Zenit St. Petersburg main squad in the Russian Cup.

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.