hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavitt's Taxonomy
Pavitt's Taxonomy categorizes mostly large industrial firms along trajectories of technological change according to sources of technology, requirements of the users, and appropriability regime (Pavitt 1984). The taxonomy aims to classify innovation modes according to different sectoral groups and the flow of knowledge between such groups. It was first proposed by Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) researcher Keith Pavitt at the University of Sussex and has since been applied in innovation research to describe and categorize industries and the firms therein (Archibugi 2001). According to Castellacci (2008), "Pavitt's model of the linkages between science-based, specialized suppliers, scale-intensive and supplier-dominated industries provides a stylized and powerful description of the core set of industrial sectors that sustained the growth of advanced economies during the Fordist age."

Science Policy Research Unit
The Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) is a research centre based at the University of Sussex in Falmer, near Brighton, United Kingdom. Its research focuses on science policy and innovation. SPRU offers MSc courses and PhD research degrees. In 2018, SPRU ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the UK for top science and technology think tanks on the Global Go To Think Tank Index Report.
Retinia albicapitana
Retinia albicapitana, the northern pitch twig moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. In Canada it is found from Nova Scotia to British Columbia and north probably into the southern parts of the Northwest Territories. In the United States, it extends as far south as Montana and the Great Lakes states.

The wingspan is 14–21 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July.

The larvae feed on Pinus banksiana, Pinus contorta, Pinus mugo, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris. Larvae take two years to become adults.

Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta, with the common names lodgepole pine, shore pine, twisted pine, and contorta pine, is an evergreen species of conifer tree. It is a common pine in western North America, found near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpine, but is rare in lowland rain forests.
Seascape with Sharks and Dancer
Seascape with Sharks and Dancer is a 1974 play by Don Nigro. The story focuses on a young man, Ben, who saves a young woman named Tracy from the ocean outside his beach house. The struggle between his more tolerant approach to life and her fear of human relationships becomes the main conflict in the play.

Seascape had a sold out and critically acclaimed production at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. It was originally produced at the Theatre Barn at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, in the spring of 1974, directed by Marya Bednerik.

Oregon Shakespeare Festival
The Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) is a regional repertory theatre in Ashland, Oregon, United States, founded in 1935 by Angus L. Bowmer. The Festival now offers matinee and evening performances of a wide range of classic and contemporary plays not limited to Shakespeare. During the Festival, between five and eleven plays are offered in daily rotation six days a week in its three theatres. It welcomed its millionth visitor in 1971, its 10-millionth in 2001, and its 20-millionth visitor in 2015.
Eucosma messingiana
Eucosma messingiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Russia and Europe, where it has been recorded from Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, the Baltic region, Sweden and Finland. The habitat consists of sandy areas.

The wingspan is 18–28 mm. Adults are on wing from August to September in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris. Larvae can be found from September to May.

Artemisia campestris
Artemisia campestris is a common and widespread species of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It is native to a wide region of Eurasia and North America. Common names include field wormwood, beach wormwood, northern wormwood, Breckland wormwood, boreal wormwood, Canadian wormwood, field sagewort and field mugwort.

Artemisia campestris is a branching, aromatic plant up to 150 cm (5 ft) tall. It grows in open sites on dry sandy soils, in steppes, rocky slopes, and waste areas.
Gaunkharka, Nuwakot
Gaunkharka is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2949 living in 505 individual households.

Nuwakot District
Nuwakot District (Nepali: नुवाकोट जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Bidur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,121 km2 (433 sq mi) and had a population of 288,478 in 2001 and 277,471 in 2011.

The district contains places of historical significance such as the town of Nuwakot, and the village of Devighat (the death place of Prithvi Narayan Shah) located at the confluence of the Tadi and Trishuli Rivers. Kakani is popular among Nepalese people as a touristic place and picnic spot.
Howkins
Howkins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alun Howkins (1947–2018), English social historian

John Howkins (born 1945), British writer

John Howkins (civil engineer) (1839–1906), Scottish civil engineer

Kyle Howkins (born 1996), English footballer

Mark Howkins (born 1953), Canadian sport shooter

Mark Howkins
Mark Howkins (born 17 June 1953 in Brisbane, Australia) is a Canadian sports shooter. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics, and finished 13th and 29th respectively in the Rapid Fire Pistol 25m event.
SS Dia
SS Dia was a 2,905 GRT cargo ship which was built as Empire Beaconsfield in 1943. She was owned by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and managed by Bank Line Ltd and Constants (South Wales) LTd. Postwar she was sold to her managers and renamed  Hawkinge. She later saw service with different owners as Angusbrae, Hispania and Dia. She developed a leak and sank off Savona, Italy on 14 October 1964.

Savona
Savona (Italian: [saˈvoːna] ⓘ; Ligurian: Saña [ˈsaŋːa]) is a seaport and comune (municipality) in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, and the capital of the Province of Savona. Facing the Ligurian Sea, Savona is the main city of the western section of the Italian Riviera. It has a population of 58,690.

One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys. 'Columbus's house', a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus.
Christopher Shaw (musician)
Christopher Alden Shaw is a folk musician specializing in the music and folklore of the Adirondack Mountains, recognized nationally as a notable practitioner of this milieu. His first album, Adirondack, a collection of traditional and original tunes, was selected for inclusion in the folk music collection of the Library of Congress. "Shaw's new songs sound like ancient ones," said Geoffrey Himes of The Washington Post. The "Ambassador of the Adirondacks" frequently collaborates with his wife, fellow singer-songwriter Bridget Ball. Capital Region Magazine called him "a walking, talking, singing National Geographic Special."

Tony Markellis
Tony Markellis (10 September 1952 – 29 April 2021) was a bassist and record producer, born in Helena, Montana, to a Greek immigrant, Constantine Markellis, and the daughter of Greek immigrants, Victoria Carkulis, residing in Saratoga Springs, New York from 1975 until his death. Markellis was best known as the bass guitarist for the Trey Anastasio Band and various other groups led by Phish guitarist Trey Anastasio.
Betws yn Rhos
Betws yn Rhos (Welsh for 'chapel house in Rhos') is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales.

Betws yn Rhos is located about 5 miles (8.0 km) inland between the coastal towns of Abergele and Colwyn Bay. Until 1974, it was part of Denbighshire, but subsequent local government reorganisations saw it administered as part of Clwyd from 1974 to 1996, before its current administration as part of Conwy County Borough.
At the 2001 census the population was 944, increasing to 1,052 at the 2011 census.

The village itself only has a population of 312. The community includes the small settlements of Llanelian-yn-Rhos, Trofarth, Dolwen, Bryn-y-maen, and Dawn.

Conwy County Borough
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.

Conwy has an area of 1,126 square kilometres (435 sq mi) and a population of 114,891 in 2024, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
2024 Hainault sword attack
On 30 April 2024, a man crashed a van into a pedestrian and property in the suburban area of Hainault, London, United Kingdom, before randomly attacking people with a sword. A 14-year-old boy, Daniel Anjorin, was killed, and four others were injured, including two police officers. A 36-year-old man, Marcus Arduini Monzo, was arrested at the scene after being struck by several Taser rounds and tackled to the ground by more responding police officers. On 25 June 2025, Monzo was convicted of offences including murder and three attempted murders. He was sentenced two days later to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 40 years.

Hainault, London
Hainault (/ˈheɪnɔːt/, /-ɒlt/) is a large suburban area of East London, England, in the London Borough of Redbridge, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) northeast of Charing Cross. Most of the housing in Hainault was built by the London County Council between 1947 and 1953. Originally spanning the parishes of Chigwell, Dagenham, and Ilford, in 1965 the estate was combined in a single London borough and became part of Greater London.

It is adjacent to the Metropolitan Green Belt, bordered on the east by Hainault Forest Country Park and to the north by open land and the boundary with the Epping Forest District of Essex. The area is served by London Underground's Central Line.
Yumei
Yumei (Chinese: 玉梅) is a female given name of Chinese origin. Notable people with the given name include:

Chen Yu-mei (1966–2017), Republic of China politician

Chen Yumei (1910–1985), Chinese film actress and singer, fl. 1920s-1930s

Liu Yumei (born 1961), Chinese former handball player

Tian Yumei (born 1965), Chinese former sprint athlete

Wang Yumei (born 1934), Chinese film actress

Chen Yu-mei
Chen Yu-mei (Chinese: 陳玉梅; pinyin: Chén Yùméi; 22 July 1966 – 22 January 2017) was a Taiwanese politician. She served as Deputy Minister of the Overseas Community Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan from 18 September 2013 to 8 August 2014.
Finnish Electrical Workers' Union
The Finnish Electrical Workers' Union (Finnish: Sähköalojen ammattiliitto, Sähköliitto) is a trade union representing electrical workers in Finland.

The union was founded in 1955, as a split from the Metalworkers' Union.  The Metalworkers prevented the new union from joining the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK), but in 1963, it was accepted into the rival Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ).  The SAK and SAJ merged in 1969, forming the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions, of which the Electrical Workers have held continuous membership.

By 1998, the union had 29,009 members, and by 2020, this had risen to 34,000.  It took part in the negotiations which formed the Industrial Union TEAM, but ultimately remained independent.

Finnish Trade Union Federation (1960)
The Finnish Trade Union Federation (Finnish: Suomen Ammattijärjestö, SAJ) was a national trade union centre in Finland.

The federation was established in 1960, as a split from the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK), by unions which supported the Social Democratic Party of Finland.  By 1968, the federation had 17 affiliates, but a total of only 95,166 members.  In 1969, it merged with the SAK, to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.
Alexandre Horowitz
Alexandre "Sacha" Horowitz (24 March 1904 – 1982) was a Belgian-born Dutch mechanical engineer and inventor.

Alexandre "Sacha" Horowitz was born in 1904 in Antwerp, (Belgium) to parents of East-European Jewish heritage, and lived from 1914 in The Netherlands until his death in 1982. He has 136 patents awarded to his name over a period of 50 years, covering a wide variety of products including prefab housing, farm machinery (e.g. Vicon, see below) and oil industry equipment. His most well-known invention, however, is the Philishave rotary electric razor, one of the first rotary electric razors.

From 1958 to 1974, he was the first professor of product design and Production engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology. In 1980, Horowitz was elected Honorary Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He died in 1982 in Switzerland.

Agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery refers to mechanical devices, vehicles, and structures used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both organic and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of mechanised agriculture, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed.

Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and agricultural robotics. While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.
The Tokyo Toilet
The Tokyo Toilet is an urban redevelopment project in Shibuya, Tokyo conceived by entrepreneur Koji Yanai, of Uniqlo and Fast Retailing, and funded by the Nippon Foundation. It involves the construction of modern high-quality public restrooms, with the aim of encouraging their use and consequently the use of the public spaces they serve, such as parks and other common areas. As of January 2024, the project includes 17 structures, the first of which opened on August 5, 2020.

Uniqlo
Uniqlo Co., Ltd. (株式会社ユニクロ, Kabushiki-gaisha Yunikuro) (US: /ˈjuːnikloʊ/ YOO-nee-kloh; Japanese pronunciation: [jɯnikɯɾo]) is a Japanese casual wear designer and retailer.
The company is a subsidiary of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd.
7th Wish 107.5 Music Awards
Wish 107.5 Music Awards 2022 is the 7th edition of the Wish 107.5 Music Awards, an accolade presented by the FM radio station Wish 107.5 to acknowledge the biggest hit makers of the year in the Philippine music industry. The awards were held at the New Frontier Theater and livestreamed simultaneously at the official YouTube channel of Wish 107.5. The event was hosted by Gretchen Ho and Xian Lim.

However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the event was held with safety protocols implemented for the performers, hosts and organizers with a digital livestream on their official YouTube channel.

New Frontier Theater
The New Frontier Theater, known as the Kia Theatre between 2015 and 2018, is a multi-purpose theater and events hall in Araneta City in Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The theater first opened on May 27, 1967, and primarily served as a multi-purpose theater and is also blended as a movie theater and a skating rink. The theater current has a 2,325 seating capacity, and is used for a variety of events, ranging from performing and visual arts, local and international concerts, and fan meet-up gatherings.
WFS
WFS may stand for:

Wave field synthesis

Web Feature Service, a standard protocol for serving georeferenced map data over the Internet

Well-founded semantics

Wells Fargo Securities

William French Smith

Wilmington Friends School

Windows Fax and Scan

Women for Sobriety

World Flute Society

World Food Summit

World Fuel Services

World Future Society

Worldwide Flight Services, a global, world-leading air cargo, passenger & ground handling organisation.

Wright Flyer Studios (WFS, Inc.), a Japanese mobile game developer

World Flute Society
The World Flute Society (WFS), a successor to the International Native American Flute Association, is a non-profit organization dedicated to cultural flute playing from around the world. WFS has a particular emphasis on the study and development of the Native American flute.

Its primary activities include organizing music-oriented conferences and workshops, production of printed and audio materials, and the publication of the newsletter Overtones.

The WFS is based in Lead, South Dakota, United States.
1974–75 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team
The 1974–75 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1974–75 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Members of the Big Sky Conference, the Vandals were led by first-year head coach Jim Jarvis and played their home games on campus at the Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho. They were 10–16 overall and 4–10 in conference play.

No Vandals were named to the all-conference team; senior guard Henry Harris was on the second team and junior guard Steve Weist was honorable mention.

Hired in March 1974, Jarvis was previously the head coach for three years at Spokane Falls Community College, and led the Vandal program for four seasons. He played at Oregon State under head coach Slats Gill and for several seasons as a professional.

1977–78 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1977–78 NCAA Division I basketball season. Members of the Big Sky Conference, the Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Jim Jarvis and played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho. They were 4–22 overall and 1–13 in conference play.

No Vandals were named to the all-conference team; sophomore forward Reed Jaussi was honorable mention.

After four seasons with last place finishes in the conference, Jarvis resigned in June 1978 under recurring allegations of illegal recruiting. The program had been placed on probation for one year in late January, resulting in a reprimand for Jarvis and assistant coach Wes Sodorff by the university.

Jarvis was succeeded in August by alumnus Don Monson, an assistant at Michigan State, who had significantly greater success; he led the Vandals to a conference title in 1981 and the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 1982.
Kushimoto Station
Kushimoto Station (串本駅, Kushimoto-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the town of Kushimoto, Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the southernmost railway station on Honshū.

Higashimuro District, Wakayama
Higashimuro District (東牟婁郡, Higashimuro-gun) is a rural district on the southeastern coast of Wakayama Prefecture, on the southern (Kii) Peninsula of Honshū, Japan. The district occupies an area of rugged coastline, steep mountains and deep river valleys; it contains several small towns and villages that are notable for their connection to the ancient Kumano pilgrimage routes, coastal fisheries, and forestry.
Lochinver Lifeboat Station
Lochinver Lifeboat Station is located at Harbour Road in Lochinver, a harbour town at the head of Loch Inver, on the north-west coast of Scotland, formerly in Sutherland, now in the administrative region of Highland.

A lifeboat was first placed at Lochinver by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 18 August 1967.

The station currently operates a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, 17-40 Julian and Margaret Leonard (ON 1271), on station since 2003.

Loch Inver
Loch Inver is a 3.62-kilometre-long (1+61⁄64-nautical-mile) sea loch in Assynt, Sutherland and is on the northwest coast of Scotland. The loch meets the coastal embayment of Enard Bay at the north end and The Minch, where it meets Soyea Island at its mouth. The village of Lochinver is at the head of the loch.
Cornelis Bol
Cornelis Bol (baptised 15 July 1589 – buried 23 October 1666) was a Flemish painter and etcher, periodically active in England. He is sometimes known as "Cornelis Bol IV" to differentiate him from other artists of the same name including Cornelis Bol I, more generally known as "Cornelis Boel".

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Lynching of William Harvey
William "Sam Joe" Harvey (c. 1848 – August 25, 1883) was a 35-year-old Black US Army veteran who was accused of killing the Salt Lake City police chief Andrew H. Burt on August 25, 1883. Upon arrest Harvey was severely kicked and beaten by the police. A mob of up to 2,000 White people formed in front of the city jail, and the officers handed him over to them. The mob hanged him there then dragged his body for several blocks down State Street.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Malmo Plains, Edmonton
Malmo Plains is a residential neighbourhood in southwest Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The University of Alberta family residences, called Michener Park, comprise the west end of the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood is named for a type of soil, malmo silty clay loam, common in the area.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the west by 122 Street, on the east by 111 Street, on the north by 51 Avenue and on the south by Whitemud Drive.

The community is represented by the Malmo Plains Community League, established in 1965, which maintains a community hall, outdoor rink and beach volleyball courts located at 115 Street and 48 Avenue.

Since 2021 with a planned completion year of 2022, Malmo Plains is undergoing neighbourhood renewal from the City of Edmonton (includes road paving, sidewalk and curb replacement, and streetlight replacement). Residents voted to install decorative streetlights to replace the old streetlights due to replacement.

Whitemud Drive
Whitemud Drive is a major east–west freeway in southern Edmonton, Alberta, that stretches from 231 Street at the western city limit to Anthony Henday Drive just east of Edmonton in Strathcona County.  The portion in southeast Edmonton from Anthony Henday Drive to Calgary Trail / Gateway Boulevard is designated as Highway 14, and from there until Anthony Henday Drive in west Edmonton is designated as Highway 2.  The portion of Whitemud Drive from 170 Street and 75 Street forms part of the Edmonton inner ring road.