hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Closeburn Castle
Closeburn Castle is a privately owned tower house, probably of the 14th century, but possibly older, and is one of the oldest continually inhabited houses in Scotland. The castle is located 1 km east of the village of Closeburn, in the historical county of Dumfriesshire, 2 km south-east of Thornhill, in Dumfries and Galloway,  Scotland.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
Syracuse, Lake Shore and Northern Railroad
The Syracuse, Lake Shore and Northern Railroad, an interurban railway, was incorporated on September 9, 1905, after it was purchased by the Beebe Syndicate. The line ran from Syracuse, New York, to Baldwinsville, New York, a distance of 14 miles (23 km) with a short branch to the New York State Fair grounds ending at Long Branch Park west of the city for a total of 23.53 miles (37.87 km) of electric track.

By 1911, the company had 13 fast electric limited trains leaving Syracuse daily for Baldwinsville, Phoenix, Fulton, Minetto and Oswego.

In 1917, the company was reorganized as the Empire State Railroad, also called Empire State Railway. Streetcar service on the route ran until 1931 when it was abandoned.

Phoenix, New York
Phoenix is a village in Oswego County, New York, United States.  The population was 2,382 at the 2010 census.  The name is derived from Alexander Phoenix.  The village of Phoenix lies in the Lake Ontario lake-effect snow belt, with seasonal snow totals regularly exceeding 200 in (510 cm).  Phoenix lies in the southwest part of the town of Schroeppel.
Locust Creek House Complex
The Locust Creek House Complex is a historic former tavern turned farmstead at 4 Creek Road (Vermont Route 12) in Bethel, Vermont.  Built in 1837 and enlarged in 1860, it is a rare surviving example of a rural tavern in the state, with an added complex of agriculture-related outbuildings following its transition to a new role.  The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.  It now houses residences.

Vermont Route 12
Vermont Route 12 (VT 12) is a 101.627-mile-long (163.553 km) north-south state highway in Vermont that runs from Weathersfield to Morrisville.

Route 12 is one of the Vermont roads on which moose are most often encountered. They are common from Worcester to Elmore.
Nosebleed section
In Australia, Canada, and the United States, nosebleed section is a colloquial expression designating the seats of a public area‍—‍‌typically an athletic stadium or gymnasium‍—‍‌that are highest up, furthest from the desired activity, and (typically) cheapest. A common tongue-in-cheek reference to having seats in the upper tiers of a stadium (sometimes described as being in the rafters, although this word technically describes a structure with a specific function) is "sitting in the nosebleed section", or "nosebleed seats". The reference alludes to the tendency for mountain climbers to suffer nosebleeds at high altitudes.

The term appeared in print as early as 1953 when it was used to describe the last row in the end zone at Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium (later John F. Kennedy Stadium) during that year's Army-Navy American football game.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Velinga Parish, Sweden
Velinga Parish (Swedish: Velinga socken) in Tidaholm Municipality, Västra Götaland County, is a rural parish in a sparsely populated rural area of 17.8 mi2 (46.11 km2) in Sweden.

Velinga is notable for its archaeological remains, which include runestones from the Viking Age. Artefacts from the Bronze and Iron Ages have also been found there, most notably at the Lövrudan Archaeological Site, which contains several Bronze and Iron Age stone circles, and cairns, or Bronze Age burial mounds.

The oldest parts of the Romanesque Velinga Church date back to the 1100s, and the medieval Ettaks Church ruins (Ettaks kyrkoruin), which once belonged to a royal estate, were the site of a major archeological excavation in 1970, documented by the Swedish National Heritage Board.

Swedish National Heritage Board
The Swedish National Heritage Board (Swedish: Riksantikvarieämbetet; RAÄ) is a Swedish government agency responsible for World Heritage Sites and other national heritage monuments and historical environments. It is governed by the Ministry of Culture.

The goals of the agency are to encourage the preservation and protection of historic environments and to promote the respect for and knowledge of historic environments. In order to do this, it tries to ensure that Swedish heritage is accessible to all citizens, to spread information about that heritage, and to "empower heritage as a force in the evolution of a democratic, sustainable society".
Mancherial railway station
Manchiryal is a non-suburban (NSG–3) category Indian railway station in Secunderabad railway division of South Central Railway zone. It is located in Mancherial of the Indian state of Telangana. It was selected as one of the 21 stations to be developed under Amrit Bharat Stations scheme.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
Cavo, Rio
Cavo is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Rio, province of Livorno. At the time of the 2011 census its population was 620.

Cavo is located on the Elba Island and it is about 7 km from Rio Marina. The surroundings of Cavo are among the most attractive touristic destinations in the archipelago. The bay Cala del Telegrafo, also known as Fornacelle, is about 1 km from Cavo and is known among the locals as "the beach that sparkles", due to the iron in the fine sand.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
Maner River
The Maner river or Manair or Maneru (Marathi: मानेर, Telugu: మానేరు) is a tributary to the Godavari River in India. It is in turn fed by the Salivagu river. This river provides drinking water to Karimnagar, Telangana and also to the NTPC power plant at Ramagundam.

Three major projects built on Maneru River are:

Lower Manair Dam was constructed at Karinmnagar city of Karimnagar district

Mid Manair Dam was constructed at Manwada village Village in Boinpalli Mandal of Rajanna Sircilla district.

Upper Manair Dam was constructed at Narmala village in Gambhiraopet mandal of Rajanna Sircilla district.

Ramagundam
Ramagundam is a city under  municipal corporation in Peddapalli district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the most populous city in the district and falls under the Ramagundam revenue division. It is located on the banks of the Godavari River. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 229,644, making it the 8th most populous in the state, and an urban agglomeration population of 242,979. It is located about 225 km from the state capital Hyderabad.
No. 9 Squadron PAF
No. 9 Squadron, named the Griffins, is a Pakistan Air Force fighter squadron assigned to the No. 38 Multi-Role Wing of the PAF Central Air Command. The squadron is stationed at PAF Base Mushaf, Sargodha. It was the PAF's first fighter squadron and has been commanded by seven Chiefs of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force. The squadron crest is a red griffin which suggests strength, aggressiveness, and vigilance. Scrolls around the squadron crest display the battle honours Sargodha 65 and Karachi 71.The Griffins are considered as the PAF's most elite unit as well as its most senior.

The Griffins were officially twinned to the No. 9 Squadron RAF during a joint exercise at Mushaf Airbase. The ceremony was attended by Air Chiefs of both air forces, including Air Chief Marshal Stephen Hillier of the Royal Air Force.

PAF Base Masroor
Pakistan Air Force Base Masroor or more simply PAF Base Masroor (ICAO: OPMR) is the largest airbase operated by the Pakistan Air Force. It is located in the Mauripur area of Karachi, in the Sindh province.

The base was originally known as RIAF Base Mauripur (1940-47), RPAF Station Mauripur (1947-56), and after 23 March 1956, as PAF Station Mauripur.

PAF Base Faisal and PAF Base Bholari are the other Pakistan Air Force bases in Karachi.
Samphire Hoe
Samphire Hoe is a country park situated 2 miles (3 km) west of Dover in Kent in southeast England. The park was created by using 4.9 million cubic metres of chalk marl from the Channel Tunnel excavations and is located at the bottom of a section of the White Cliffs of Dover. The site is owned by Getlink, and managed by the White Cliffs Countryside Project.

It is accessible by the public via a single-lane road tunnel controlled by traffic lights, which crosses over the South Eastern Main Line that is running in the Shakespeare Cliff tunnel underneath. Visitor facilities are provided, including car parking, toilets and a café.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Singrauli district
Singrauli district (Hindi pronunciation: [sɪŋg.ɾɔːliː]) is one of the districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.Singrauli district is located northeastern part of Madhya Pradesh.It is a significant hub for energy production due to its vast coal reserves and power plants, earning it the title "Energy Capital of India".

Historically ruled by local Maharajas until 1947, the district underwent major transformation in the mid-20th century with the construction of the Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar dam and the discovery of rich coal deposits. The district has a diverse population, predominantly Hindu, with significant Scheduled Castes and Tribes.

Coal India
Coal India Limited (CIL) is an Indian public sector undertaking (PSU) and the largest government-owned coal producer in the world. Headquartered in Kolkata, it is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal, Government of India.

It accounts for around 82% of the total coal production in India. It produced 554.14 million tonnes of raw coal in 2016–17, compared to 494.24 million tonnes during FY 2014–15 and earned revenue of ₹95,435 crore (US$11 billion) from sale of coal in the same financial year. In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by the Government of India, making it one of the seven companies with that status. As of 14 October 2015, CIL is a PSU owned by the Central Government of India which controls its operations through the Ministry of Coal.

CIL ranks 8th among the top 20 firms responsible for a third of all global carbon emissions.
Marine Air Control Squadron 7
Marine Air Control Squadron 7 (MACS-7) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron. The squadron provided aerial surveillance and ground-controlled interception and saw action most notably during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II and the Vietnam War.  They were last based at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma and fell under the command of Marine Air Control Group 38 (MACG-38) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).

Marine Corps Air Station Yuma
Marine Corps Air Station Yuma or MCAS Yuma (IATA: YUM, ICAO: KNYL, FAA LID: NYL) is a United States Marine Corps air station in Yuma, Arizona. It is the home of multiple squadrons of F-35B Lightning IIs of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron 1 (MAWTS-1), Marine Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron 1 (VMX-1) and Marine Fighter Training Squadron 401 (VMFT-401), an air combat adversary squadron of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing of the Marine Corps Reserve. It is a designated Superfund site due to a number of soil and groundwater contaminants, including asbestos.

The station is 2 miles (1.7 nmi; 3.2 km) from the city center of Yuma. A joint use civilian-military airport, MCAS Yuma shares airfield facilities with Yuma International Airport and occupies approximately 3,000 acres (1,200 ha), most of which is flat desert. MCAS Yuma also operates an auxiliary airfield on the Barry M. Goldwater Range.
High-touch
High-touch refers to the involvement of personal attention and service. In business, the term often refers to situations where trust between the customer and employed individual(s) is necessary. High-touch areas include: medicine, wealth management, reference desk, real estate, and legal. Stock trading done by humans, as opposed to automated trading or using online brokers, is also referred to as high-touch.

Wealth management
Wealth management (WM) or wealth management advisory (WMA) is an investment advisory service that provides financial management and wealth advisory services to a wide array of clients ranging from affluent to high-net-worth (HNW) and ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) individuals and families.

It is a discipline which incorporates structuring and planning wealth to assist in growing, preserving, and protecting wealth, whilst passing it onto the family in a tax-efficient manner and in accordance with their wishes. Wealth management brings together tax planning, wealth protection, estate planning, succession planning, and family governance.
Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy
Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy (de Fontanelle) was a French nobleman, an Army General in the French Revolution and a Deputy of the Department of Var in Provence, France, in the National Assembly of the First Republic of France. He was an Advanced Member of the Council of Five Hundred. His family were among the first French nobles to support the French Revolution and he and his father were among the first French nobles to support Napoleon Bonaparte.

Earl of Essex
Earl of Essex is a title in the Peerage of England which was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title has been recreated eight times from its original inception, beginning with a new first Earl upon each new creation. The most well-known Earls of Essex were Thomas Cromwell (c. 1485 – 1540) (sixth creation), chief minister to King Henry VIII, Sir William Parr (1513-1571) who was brother to Queen Catherine Parr who was the sixth wife of King Henry VIII, and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1565–1601) (eighth creation), a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I who led Essex's Rebellion in 1601.

The current holder of the earldom is Paul Capell, 11th Earl of Essex (born 1944), a retired school teacher from Caton, Lancashire.

The family seat was Cassiobury House, near Watford, Hertfordshire.
1913 Southwest Texas State football team
The 1913 Southwest Texas State football team was an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State Normal School—now known as Texas State University–as an independent during the 1913 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach C. Spurgeon Smith and finished the season with a record of 4–4. The team's captain was Coers, who played halfback.

1913 college football season
The 1913 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Auburn, Chicago, and Harvard as having been selected national champions. All three teams finished with undefeated records. Chicago and Harvard officially claim national championships for the 1913 season.

Chicago was also the champion of the Western Conference, Missouri was champion of the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), and Colorado won the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.
Crime City Rollers
Crime City Rollers is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Malmö, Sweden.

Established in 2010, the Crime City Rollers comprises one home team and two traveling teams representing the league in competition with other leagues. The Crime City Rollers were accepted as an apprentice league of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) in July 2011, and became full members of the association in June 2012.

Eleven skaters from Crime City Rollers were selected for Team Sweden at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup, and one was selected for Team Finland.

Roller Derby World Cup
The Roller Derby World Cup is an international women's roller derby tournament formerly organized by Blood & Thunder magazine, and currently organized by the Roller Derby World Cup Committee. Teams of amateur skaters from around the world compete for their respective nations. The most recent Roller Derby World Cup was held in 2025 in Innsbruck, Austria.
1912 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1912 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1912 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Lew Hardage was selected for Walter Camp's third-team All-American. Vanderbilt won the SIAA championship. Georgetown won the SAIAA championship.

Innis Brown, a referee throughout the south, and captain of Vanderbilt's 1905 championship team, was hired to select the team of the Atlanta Constitution. The Constitution's editor Dick Jemison also selected a team. Former Georgia player and captain and then assistant Harold Ketron selected a team. Georgia Tech head coach John Heisman as usual picked one also. Former Mississippi head coach Nathan Stauffer selected an All-Southern team for Collier's Weekly.

1912 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1912 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1912 college football season. The season began on September 28.

Ole Miss was suspended at year's end.

Conference champion Vanderbilt suffered its only loss to national champion Harvard. The 1912 season saw the NCAA implement several rule changes to increase scoring. These included: the number of downs allowed to advance the ball at least 10 yards was increased from three to four, the value of a touchdown increased from 5 points to 6, the length of the field was reduced to 100 yards, 10-yard end zones were added, the onside kick was eliminated, and unlimited use of the forward pass was introduced.
Conscription in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, military conscription has existed for two periods in modern times. The first was from 1916 to 1920, and the second from 1939 to 1960. The last conscription term ended in 1963 although many soldiers chose to continue in the service beyond 1963.

It was legally designated as "Military Service" from 1916 to 1920, and as "National Service" from 1939 to 1960. However, between 1939 and 1948, it was often referred to as "War Service" in documents relating to National Insurance and pension provision.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs may produce euphoriant, decongestant, aphrodisiacal, anorectic, nootropic, entactogenic, and/or psychostimulant effects. Drugs of this class tend to have high abuse liability, especially when taken in supratherapeutic quantities.

A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).

Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and alternatively spelled adrenalin, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms. It has also been isolated from the plant Scoparia dulcis found in Northern Vietnam.