hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murray‑Hall v Quebec (Attorney General)
Murray‑Hall v Quebec (Attorney General),  2023 SCC 10 is a ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada in the area of Canadian constitutional law, specifically concerning the extent of the double aspect doctrine in the federal-provincial division of powers.

Canadian constitutional law
Canadian constitutional law (French: droit constitutionnel du Canada) is the area of Canadian law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of Canada by the courts. All laws of Canada, both provincial and federal, must conform to the Constitution and any laws inconsistent with the Constitution have no force or effect.

In Reference re Secession of Quebec, the Supreme Court characterized four fundamental and organizing principles of the Constitution (though not exhaustive): federalism; democracy; constitutionalism and the rule of law; and protection of minorities.
Indian Grove (Mosca, Colorado)
Indian Grove is an archaeological site consisting of a grove of 72 mature Ponderosa Pine trees located within Great Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve in Saguache County, Colorado, near Mosca, Colorado. The grove is of interest because sections of the bark of some of the trees was peeled off in the early 19th century, probably by Utes.

Indian Grove Back-Country Campsite, located within the grove, is one of six back-country campsites on the Sand Ramp Trail, a hiking trail that skirts the dune field on the east and north giving access to the northern portion of the National Park and Preserve along Sand Creek. The camp site has a solar-composting toilet.

Backcountry
In geography, a backcountry, back country or backwater is a geographical area that is remote, undeveloped, isolated, or difficult to access. These areas are typically rural or mountainous and sparsely populated.
Paljarahu
Paljarahu  is a small island in the Baltic Sea belonging to the country of Estonia.

Paljarahu lies off of the western coast of Estonia in the Väinameri Strait, northwest of the island of Tagarahu and south of the island of Mustarahu. Paljarahu occupies an area of 2.737 ha, with a circumference of approximately. 0.887 km.

It is administered by the mainland village of Puise in Ridala Parish, Lääne County.

The island and surrounding area are protected as part of Matsalu National Park.

Lääne County
Lääne County (Estonian: Lääne maakond or Läänemaa, literally "Western land"; German: Wiek; Latin: Rotalia) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in western Estonia and borders the Baltic Sea to the north, Harju County to the northeast, Rapla County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, and the island counties of Saare and Hiiu to the west. In January 2009, Lääne County had a population of 23,810 – constituting 2.0% of the total population in Estonia.
IU Aurigae
IU Aurigae is a triple star system in the constellation Auriga, consisting of an eclipsing binary pair orbiting a third component with a period of 335 years. This system is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having a peak apparent visual magnitude of 8.19.

Pavel Mayer discovered that the star's brightness varies in 1964. The eclipsing pair form a Beta Lyrae-type semidetached binary of two Bp stars with a period of 1.81147435 days. During the primary eclipse, the visual magnitude of the system drops to 8.89, while for the secondary it decreases to 8.74. The third component is a massive object with 17–18 M☉, and may actually be a binary – which would make this a quadruple star system.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo air bridge
The Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo Aerial Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte Aérea) is a Brazilian air shuttle run by various airlines between Santos Dumont airport in Rio de Janeiro and Congonhas airport in São Paulo. It was inaugurated on 5 July 1959 by the airlines Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP making it the first air shuttle in the world.
It is now operated by LATAM, Gol and Azul. More than 120 flights operate daily between the two cities with an average of one flight every 10 minutes, between the hours of 06:00 and 22:00.

On February 10, 2007, Gol introduced the Boeing 737-800 Short Field Performance (SFP) aircraft into the service.
This model was developed by Boeing at the request of the company as Santos Dumont airport has one of the shortest commercial runways in the world at 1,323 metres (4,341 ft).

Varig
VARIG (Viação Aérea Rio-Grandense, 'Rio Grandean Airways') was the first airline founded in Brazil, in 1927. From 1965 until 1990, it was Brazil's leading airline and virtually its only international one. In 2005, Varig went into judicial restructuring, and in 2006 it was split into two companies: Flex Linhas Aéreas, informally known as "old" Varig, heir to the original airline, now defunct; and "new" Varig, a new company, fully integrated into Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes.
Kevin Eastman (basketball)
Kevin Eastman (born April 7, 1955) is an American former basketball coach. He was assistant coach and Vice President for Basketball Operations of the Los Angeles Clippers of the NBA. Eastman joined the Clippers' coaching staff before the 2013–14 season.

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
Louis Liger
Louis Liger (1658–1717) was a French agronomist and prolific writer on flora and fauna. He was born in Auxerre, Province of Burgundy in January 1658 and died at Guerchi near his birthplace on 6 November 1717 at age 59.

Auxerre
Auxerre (/oʊˈsɛər/ oh-SAIR, French: [osɛʁ] ⓘ, Burgundian: Auchoirre) is the capital (prefecture) of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in the Burgundy historical region southeast of Paris. Auxerre's population today is about 35,000; the urban area (aire d'attraction) comprises roughly 111,000 inhabitants. Residents of Auxerre are referred to as Auxerrois.

Auxerre is a commercial and industrial centre, with industries including food production, woodworking and batteries.  Nearby areas are also noted for the production of Burgundy wine, including Chablis. In 1995 Auxerre was named a "Town of Art and History".
Violet Nelson
Violet Nelson is a Kwakwakaʼwakw and Honduran actress from Canada. She is most noted for her performance as Rosie in the film The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open, for which she received a Vancouver Film Critics Circle nomination for Best Actress in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2019, and a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Lead Actress at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards in 2020.

Kwakwakaʼwakw
The Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw ([ˈkʷakʷəkʲəʔwakʷ]), also known as the Kwakiutl (/ˈkwɑːkjʊtəl/; "Kwakʼwala-speaking peoples"), are an indigenous group of the Pacific Northwest Coast, in southwestern Canada. Their total population, according to a 2016 census, was 3,665 people. Most live in their traditional territories on northern Vancouver Island, as well as nearby smaller islands (such as the Discovery Islands) and inland on the adjacent British Columbia mainland. Some also live outside their traditional homelands, in urban areas such as Victoria and Vancouver. They are politically organized into 13 band governments.

The Kwakwaka'wakw language, now spoken by only 3.1% of the population, consists of four dialects of what is commonly referred to as Kwakʼwala, known as Kwak̓wala, 'Nak̓wala, G̱uc̓ala and T̓łat̓łasik̓wala.
Guillermo Cervera
Guillermo Cervera Calonje (born 1968, Madrid, Spain) is a freelance photojournalist. He is known for documenting subjects such as conflicts, social issues, and surfing.

His photographs are regularly published in The New York Times, Newsweek, Marie Claire, The Guardian, Paris Match, Rolling Stone, La Vanguardia, ABC and El Mundo, EL Pais, National Geographic Adventure and have been exhibited in galleries in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain and New York.

Paris Match
Paris Match (French pronunciation: [paʁi matʃ]) is a French-language weekly magazine that features a mix of news and pop culture. It covers major national and international news along with celebrity lifestyle features and photo reporting. Paris Match has been considered "one of the world's best outlets for photojournalism". Its content quality was compared to the American magazine Life. Paris Match's original slogan was "Le poids des mots, le choc des photos" ("The weight of words, the shock of photos"), which was changed to "Life is a true story" in 2008. The magazine was sold by Lagardère to LVMH in 2024.
Eth Geregye
Eth from the kindred Geregye (Écs; died after 1215) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman, who served as voivode of Transylvania and ispán (comes) of Fehér County in 1200, during the reign of King Emeric. Eth also functioned as ispán of Újvár County in 1201 and Kolozs County in 1215.

Eth was the first known member of the gens Geregye, which originated from the borderlands of Vas and Zala counties in Transdanubia. Simultaneously with his voivodeship, Eth became a landowner in Transylvania, when he was granted the first royal donations in Bihar County and the surrounding areas for his descendants, who were called the "lords of Berettyó" (or Barcău in Romanian) thereafter. His son was judge royal Paul Geregye, therefore, he was the grandfather of voivode Nicholas Geregye.

Zala County (former)
Zala was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, bordered by the river Drave to the south. The territory of the former county is now divided between Hungary, Croatia and Slovenia. The capital of the county was Zalaegerszeg.
H.R. 1
H.R. 1 (short for House of Representatives 1) is an identifier for a bill of the United States House of Representatives. Historically, H.R. 1 indicated the first bill introduced in a given Congress (as the numbering system restarts every two years with each new Congress). However, since the start of the 106th Congress in 1999, each Congress's rules have called for reserving numbers 1 through 10 for assignment by the Speaker of the House. H.R. 1 is thus generally reserved for a major piece of legislation.

Bill (United States Congress)
In the United States Congress, a bill is proposed legislation under consideration by either of the two chambers of Congress: the House of Representatives or the Senate. Anyone elected to either body can propose a bill. After both chambers approve a bill, it is sent to the President of the United States for consideration.
Remond
Remond or Rémond is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Rémond (born 1946), French humor columnist

Carol Remond, American journalist

Charles Lenox Remond (1810–1873), American orator, abolitionist, and military organizer

Jacques Rémond (born 1948), French former footballer

Cristina Rémond, Canadian beauty queen

Remond Willis (born 1985), Canadian football player

René Rémond (1918–2007), French historian and political economist

Sarah Parker Remond (1826–1894), American physician, lecturer, and abolitionist; sister of Charles

Remond Willis
Remond Willis III (born August 28, 1985) is an American former professional football defensive lineman who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders. He was signed by the Calgary Stampeders as a free agent in 2009. He played college football for the Tennessee State Tigers and the University of Illinois.
Evlogitaria
The Evlogitaria (Greek: Ευλογητάρια, meaning "blessed") are troparia sung after the reading of the Psalter. There are two evlogitaria, one is the "Evlogitaria of the Resurrection", sung at Sunday matins, while another is the "Evlogitaria of the Dead", sung at funerals. The  refrain in English is "Blessed are You, O Lord, teach me your statutes."

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Qianodus
Qianodus (from the Chinese: 黔, 'Qian', the ancient name for Guizhou and the Greek: ὀδούς, odus, 'tooth') is a jawed vertebrate genus that is based on disarticulated teeth from the lower Silurian (Aeronian, c. 439 Myr) of China. The type and only species of Qianodus, Q. duplicis, is known from compound dental elements called tooth whorls, each consisting of multiple tooth generations carried by a spiral-shaped base. The tooth whorls of Qianodus represent the oldest unequivocal remains of a toothed vertebrate, predating previously recorded occurrences by about 14 million years. The specimens attributed to the genus come from limestone conglomerate beds of the Rongxi Formation exposed near the village of Leijiatun, Guizhou Province, China. These horizons have been interpreted as tidal deposits1 that form part of the shallow marine sequences of the Rongxi Formation.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Pogroms in the Russian Empire
Pogroms in the Russian Empire (Russian: Еврейские погромы в Российской империи, romanized: Evreyskie pogromy v Rossiyskoy imperii) were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish riots that began in the 19th century. Pogroms began to occur after Imperial Russia, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire from 1772 to 1815. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live. The Pale of Settlement primarily included the territories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Bessarabia (modern Moldova), Lithuania and Crimea. Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of European Russia (including Finland), unless they converted from Judaism or obtained a university diploma or first guild merchant status. Migration to the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East or Central Asia was not restricted.

Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").
Jim Kenny
James Denis Kenny (27 November 1906 – 12 October 1967) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Waterloo to transport worker James Kenny and Margaret Rolley. Educated locally, he became a hatter until around 1930, when he became a glassworker. He was a shop steward for the Glassworkers' Union and served as its state secretary from 1936 to 1947 and federal secretary from 1950 to 1967. In 1946 he was president of the Trades and Labor Council, and from 1951 to 1967 he served on the executive of the Australian Council of Trade Unions. From 1948 to 1967 he was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. Kenny died at Maroubra in 1967.

Australian Council of Trade Unions
The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), originally the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated unions and eight trades and labour councils. The ACTU is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation.

The President of the ACTU is Michele O'Neil, who was elected on 28 July 2018. The current Secretary is Sally McManus.
Malaysian Indian Justice Party
Malaysian Indian Justice Party (Malay: Parti Keadilan India Malaysia, Tamil: மலேசிய இந்திய நீதிக் கட்சி, romanized: Malēciya intiya nītik kaṭci; abbrev: MIJP) is a political party representing the Indian community  in Malaysia. It is a relatively new party, was among the latest 20 new parties registration approved by the Registrar of Society (RoS) and just received permission to operate as a political party in 2013. The party is pro-Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition party and even campaigned for BN in the 2018 Malaysian general election (GE14). The party is closely related to Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, BN Deputy Chairman then.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Adama Diomande
Valentin Adama Diomande (born 14 February 1990) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays for Forte Virtus in United Arab Emirates as a forward. He has previously played for Lyn, Skeid, Hødd, Strømsgodset, Dinamo Minsk, Stabæk, Hull City, Los Angeles FC, Cangzhou Mighty Lions, Al-Sailiya, Al-Arabi, Odd, and Toronto FC.

Odds BK
Odds Ballklubb, commonly known as Odd, is a Norwegian professional football club from Skien. Originally the football section of a multi-sports club, it was founded in 1894, nine years after the club's founding. Most sports other than football and gymnastics were discontinued and the club became dedicated primarily to football. Odd plays in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, and holds the record of winning the Norwegian Football Cup the most times with twelve wins, the last coming in 2000. The club was known as Odd Grenland between 1994 and 2012. Founded in 1894, Odd is the oldest football club in Norway. As of 13 May 2017 the club was granted a membership in Club of Pioneers. It then became the first Nordic football club to be granted this membership.
Johan Edlund
Johan Edlund (born 9 March 1971) is a Swedish singer, guitarist, and keyboardist and leader of the bands Tiamat and Lucyfire. He has also remixed songs for Rammstein and London After Midnight. He was also a guest singer in the Dutch progressive metal project Ayreon.

Edlund was born in Södertälje, Stockholm County. At the beginning of his career, he relied solely on death grunts for singing but later switched to deep, baritone vocals, in part because Tiamat underwent a significant shift in musical styles during the middle of the 1990s. He lives in Nova Scotia with his Canadian wife and family.

He lived in Thessaloniki, Greece for 13 years, where he also became a supporter of Greek football club PAOK.

London After Midnight (band)
London After Midnight is an American rock band from California. Formed in 1990 by songwriter and instrumentalist Sean Brennan, London After Midnight has a following worldwide, with a large fan base in the goth subculture. However, in interviews Brennan has shunned the use of this label and others to describe his music, calling it "artistically limiting".
Gerry Byrne (politician)
Gerry Byrne, MHA, PC (born September 27, 1966) is a Canadian politician who was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1996 to 2015 representing Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador, and a cabinet minister in the government of Jean Chrétien. He holds the record as the youngest federal Cabinet Minister to be appointed from Newfoundland and Labrador, being sworn in at 35. From 2015 to 2025, he served as MHA for Corner Brook. Byrne served in provincial cabinet during the Ball, Furey, and Hogan governments.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.