hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanjak of Rhodes
The Sanjak of Rodos or Rhodes (Ottoman Turkish: Sancak-i/Liva-i Rodos; Greek: λιβάς/σαντζάκι Ρόδου) was a second-level Ottoman province (sanjak or liva) encompassing the Dodecanese or Southern Sporades islands, off the coast of Anatolia in the Eastern Mediterranean, with Rhodes as its centre.

Vilayet
A vilayet (Ottoman Turkish: ولایت, 'province'; [vi.laː.jet]), also known by various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867, part of the Tanzimat reform movement initiated by the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856. The Danube Vilayet had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer Midhat Pasha. The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces. Writing for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1911, Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact centralized more power with the sultan and local Muslims at the expense of other communities.
Table Top Mountain (Arizona)
Table Top Wilderness is a protected wilderness area centered around its namesake Table Top Mountain, a summit of 4,373 feet (1332 m) in the Table Top Mountains in the U.S. state of Arizona.  Established in 1990 under the Arizona Desert Wilderness Act the area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. It is located in the Sonoran Desert National Monument south of Interstate 8 between the towns of Casa Grande and Gila Bend. The flat-topped mesa rises from the desert floor in Vekol Valley to the east surrounded by smaller canyons and desert washes with views of the desert plain in all directions.  There are two established trails in the wilderness area, one of which leads to the summit.

The region consists of a typical Sonoran Desert landscape with vegetation that includes saguaro cactus, palo verde, ironwood tree, bursage, and creosote bush.

Casa Grande, Arizona
Casa Grande (O'odham: Wainom Wo:g) is a city in Pinal County, approximately halfway between Phoenix and Tucson, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 53,658 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 68,927 in 2024. It is named after the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument which is actually located in Coolidge. Casa Grande is Spanish for "big house". Among resident English speakers, there is no consensus on how to pronounce the city's name. As of 2025 the population of Casa Grande is 70,156.
Ravi Inder Singh (cricketer)
Ravi Inder Singh Mehra (born 4 November 1987) is an Indian cricketer. He plays for Punjab in the Indian domestic cricket. He is a left-hand batsman and part-time offbreak bowler.

In 2018 he signed for Pokhara Premier League in Nepal, where he gained popularity.

Currently he plays for Bhairahawa Gladiators in the Everest Premier League. He scored 124* in 53 balls in his EPL debut. He signed with the DC Hawks in Minor League Cricket.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur
The Latin expression cogitationis poenam nemo patitur is used in the field of criminal law to express that only a conduct, and not a simple thought, can constitute a crime. This phrase originally appeared in the "Institutions" of the jurist Ulpian (170-228). Later, it appeared in the Digest, a compilation of Roman legal texts carried out by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian in the sixth century.

Its translation would be "no one can be punished for their thoughts". According to this, thinking about stealing something is not punishable, while committing a robbery is. This principle of Roman law assumes that no thought or desire of a human being can be a criminal, until this manifestation of thought or desire is externalized, causing unjust conduct that causes damage to a protected legal asset.

Digest (Roman law)
The Digest (Latin: Digesta), also known as the Pandects (Pandectae; Ancient Greek: Πανδέκται, Pandéktai, "All-Containing"), was a compendium or digest of juristic writings on Roman law compiled by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 530–533 AD. It is divided into 50 books.

The Digest was part of a reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to that time, which later came to be known as the Corpus Juris Civilis (lit. 'Body of Civil Law'). The other two parts were a collection of statutes, the Codex (Code), which survives in a second edition, and an introductory textbook, the Institutes; all three parts were given force of law. The set was intended to be complete, but Justinian passed further legislation, which was later collected separately as the Novellae Constitutiones (New Laws or, conventionally, the "Novels").
Apache Rocks the Bottom!
"Apache Rocks the Bottom!" is a 2005 single by German techno group Scooter. It was released as the second and last single from the album Who's Got the Last Laugh Now? on 30 December 2005. The song is a mix of two songs from the album: "Apache" and "Rock Bottom".

Scooter (band)
Scooter is a German happy hardcore, rave and techno music band founded in Hamburg in 1993. As of 2012, the band has sold over 30 million records and earned over 80 Gold and Platinum awards. Since December 2022, the band is composed of lead vocalist H. P. Baxxter, musician/producer Marc Blou, DJ/producer Jay Frog and manager Jens Thele.

Among their more well-known hits are "Crank It Up", "Hyper Hyper", "Move Your Ass!", "Friends", "Endless Summer", "Back in the U.K.", "I'm Raving", "Fire", "How Much Is the Fish?", "Ramp! (The Logical Song)", "Nessaja", "Weekend!", "Maria (I Like It Loud)", "One (Always Hardcore)" and "The Question Is What Is the Question?".
Wooden Boy Island
Wooden Boy (Mongolian: Далайн-Модон-Хуйс, romanized: Dalain-Modon-Khuis, lit. 'Forest navel in the sea') is a lake island in Khövsgöl Lake, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia.  The island is roughly elliptical, measuring 3 km east–west and 2 km north–south.  It is located about 11 km from the lake's eastern shore, and 50 km north of the town of Hatgal.

The island rises out of the lake as a rounded bulge, reaching 174 m above the water surface. It is uninhabited and mostly covered by dense deciduous forest. There are claims that a lamasery existed on the island in the 1920s, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1986.

Buddhist monasticism
Buddhist monasticism is one of the earliest surviving forms of organized monasticism and one of the fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns, called bhikkhu (Pali, Skt. bhikshu) and bhikkhuni (Skt. bhikshuni), are responsible for the preservation and dissemination of the Buddha's teaching and the guidance of Buddhist lay people. Three surviving traditions of monastic discipline (Vinaya), govern modern monastic life in different regional traditions: Theravada (Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia), Dharmaguptaka (East Asia), and Mulasarvastivada (Tibet and the Himalayan region).
South Colchester Academy
South Colchester Academy (SCA) is a secondary school located in Brookfield, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Academy serves approximately 560 students (2024–25) in grades 7 - 12. SCA opened in 2003, and has a number of features such as a 'cafetorium' that functions both as a cafeteria and an auditorium. The school is equipped in information technology resources, a double gymnasium, a fitness room, library, two fully equipped computer labs, an outdoor amphitheatre, track, two soccer fields, basketball courts and numerous other amenities.

Basketball court
In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor, with baskets at each end. Indoor basketball courts are almost always made of polished wood, usually maple, with 10 feet (3.048 m)-high rims on each basket. Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt. International competitions may use glass basketball courts.
Peter Dunn (politician)
Henry Peter Kestel Dunn (11 September 1935) is a former Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1982 to 1997. From 1994 to 1997 he was President of the Council.

He is not closely related to the old Dunn family of South Australia which included the miller John Dunn who founded Mount Barker, John Dunn Jr. MHA, William Henry Dunn MHA, William Paltridge MHA, Herbert Charles Dunn MHA, agriculturist Charles Dunn (1796–1881) who founded Charleston, South Australia, the Rev. William Arthur Dunn, president of Prince Alfred College, architect Hedley Allen Dunn, and embezzler and arsonist Alfred Henry Dunn (c. 1845–1904).

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Marco Zacchera
Marco Zacchera (born 10 October 1951 in Verbania) is an Italian politician.

He was elected at the Chamber of Deputies for five legislatures (XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI) with the right-wing parties National Alliance (1994, 1996, 2001, 2006) and The People of Freedom (2008).

Zacchera served as Mayor of Verbania from June 2009 to April 2013.

Verbania
Verbania (Italian: [verˈbaːnja] ⓘ, Lombard: [ʋerˈbaɲa], Piedmontese: [ʋerˈbɑnja]) is the most populous comune (municipality) and the capital city of the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. It is situated on the shore of Lake Maggiore, about 91 km (57 mi) north-west of Milan and about 40 km (25 mi) from Locarno in Switzerland. It had a population of 30,827 on 1 January 2017.
World Trade Center Veracruz
The World Trade Center Veracruz is a building complex affiliated to the World Trade Centers Association. It's located in Boca del Río, Veracruz., and it has direct access to Plaza Las Américas mall, Galería Plaza hotel and a Cinépolis IMAX Theater. It has an area of 16,000 square meters.

Boca del Río, Veracruz
Boca del Río is a city and municipality located in the center of the Mexican state of Veracruz. The small city of Boca del Río serves as the seat of the municipality. The municipality lies just south of the municipality of Veracruz, and contains a part of the city and city and port of Veracruz. It is a port in its own right, as well as the metropolitan area's center for business travel and upscale hotels and restaurants. The city contains two museums, one dedicated to Agustín Lara and the other a military ship that has been converted into a museum. However, the municipality's main feature is the World Trade Center Veracruz, which hosts business meetings, conferences and conventions.
ʻŪkēkē
The ʻūkēkē is a musical bow made of koa wood, 16 to 24 inches long and about 11⁄2 inches wide with two or three strings fastened through and around either end, tuned to an A major triad.  Prior to the introduction of steel strings, gut or sennit (coconut fibre) was used.

The strings were strummed with one hand while the other hand kept the ʻūkēkē in position. The mouth would then act as a resonating chamber.Unlike the African stick zither and Berimbau

The old experts made no sound with the vocal cords, but the mouth acted as a resonance chamber. The resulting sound suggested speech and trained persons could understand. It was sometimes used for love making.

The ʻūkēkē is the only stringed instrument indigenous to Hawaii, with other Hawaiian string instruments like the ukulele and slack-key guitar having been introduced by European sailors and settlers.

Acacia koa
Acacia koa, commonly known as koa, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it is the second most common tree. The highest populations are on Hawaiʻi, Maui and Oʻahu.
Līga Meņģelsone
Līga Meņģelsone (born 31 May 1972) is a Latvian businesswoman and politician. She was a non-party Latvian Minister of Health in the government of Krišjānis Karinis. Before that, she was Director General of the Latvian Employers' Confederation (LDDK).

Politics of Latvia
The politics of Latvia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and of a  multi-party system. The President holds a primarily ceremonial role as Head of State. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament, the Saeima. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Latvia a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
Zemstvo of Maritime Territory
Regional government of Primorye Zemstvo (Russian: Приморская областная земская управа) was a government that existed in the eastern part of Russia during the Russian Civil War between January 31, 1920 and October 28, 1920.

Alexander Krasnoshchyokov
Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchyokov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Краснощёков), real name Avraam Moiseyevich Krasnoshchyok (Russian: Абра́м Моисе́евич Краснощёк; 10 October 1880 – 26 November 1937), was a Soviet politician and the first leader of the Far Eastern Republic. On November 25, 1937 he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.
Kelvin Wright
Christianity portal

Kelvin Peter Wright (born 1952) was the ninth Anglican bishop of the Diocese of Dunedin in Dunedin, New Zealand.  Bishop Kelvin retired on Easter Monday 2017.

Wright was educated at St John's College, Auckland, the University of Canterbury, the University of Otago and the San Francisco Theological Seminary. He was ordained deacon in 1979, priest in 1980 and bishop on 27 February 2010. He served as curate at Merivale and as vicar of Waihao Downs, Hillcrest, Sumner Redcliffs and St John's Roslyn.

St John's College, Auckland
The College of St John the Evangelist or St John's Theological College is the residential theological college of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia.

The site at Meadowbank in Auckland is the base for theological education for the three Tikanga of the Province with ministry formation onsite as well as diploma level teaching in the regions across New Zealand and Polynesia.  The College has partnerships with various other tertiary providers of degrees in theology.

The College was established in 1843 by George Augustus Selwyn, Bishop of New Zealand, initially at Te Waimate mission.

The College, through the St John's College Trust Board, is one of the best endowed theological colleges in the Anglican Communion, with assets in 2014 of NZ$293m. It was subject to a critical review of its financial sustainability in 2014.
1995 Recopa Sudamericana
The 1995 Recopa Sudamericana was the seventh Recopa Sudamericana, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Copa Libertadores and Supercopa Sudamericana competitions. The all-Argentinian final took place in the neutral venue of the National Olympic Stadium of Tokyo.

The match was contested by Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1994 Copa Libertadores, and Independiente, winners of the 1994 Supercopa Sudamericana, on April 9, 1995. Independiente surprisingly defeated Carlos Bianchi's Vélez Sársfield 0-1 to lift the trophy for the first time. Paraguayan Juan Escobar Valdez became the first referee to direct two consecutive finals and three, in total, of the competition.

Carlos Bianchi
Carlos Bianchi (born 26 April 1949), nicknamed El Virrey (The Viceroy), is an Argentine former football player and manager. A prolific goalscorer, although he had a bright career as a forward in Argentina and France, Bianchi is best known as one of the most successful coaches of all time managing Vélez Sarsfield and Boca Juniors to a great number of titles each. Bianchi is the only coach to win four Copa Libertadores.

He is also the only coach to secure three Intercontinental Cups, and shares with Josep Guardiola and Carlo Ancelotti a joint record of three club world championship titles. He most recently served as manager of Boca Juniors. Boca Juniors and Vélez Sársfield made him a statue.
Arash T. Riahi
Arash T. Riahi (born August 22, 1972) is an Austrian-Iranian director, producer and dramatic advisor. He is best known for his works Everyday Rebellion, For a Moment, Freedom and Exile Family Movie. Many of Riahi’s works as a director and producer draw on autobiographical themes, with recurring motifs of escape, freedom, and the pursuit of self-determination. He often works with his brother Arman T. Riahi as the Riahi Brothers.

Since November 2021, Riahi has served as president of the Austrian Film Academy together with Verena Altenberger.

Dok Leipzig
DOK Leipzig is a documentary film festival that takes place every October in Leipzig, Germany. It is an international film festival for documentary and animated film founded in 1955 under the name "1st All-German Leipzig Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films" and was the first independent film festival in East Germany. In 1995 a separate competition for animated films was added and in 2004 a film industry program, DOK Industry, was initiated to allow a networking and contact platform for industry professionals. Shortly after German reunification attendance figures dropped, with just 5,500 people coming in 1993; however, they quickly picked up and in 2008 the festival had more than 27,000 attendees. DOK Leipzig is part of the Doc Alliance – a creative partnership between 7 key European documentary film festivals.
Alchi
Alchi is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Likir tehsil, on the banks of the Indus River 70 km (43.49miles) downstream from the capital Leh. Unlike the other gompas in Ladakh, Alchi is situated on lowland, not on a hilltop.

The Alchi Monastery or Alchi Gompa lies about 65 km (40.3miles) from Leh on the banks of the Indus River.

Leh
Leh (English: /'leɪ/, Hindi: ['leː(ɦ)]) is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region.   It is the largest city and the joint capital of Ladakh.   It has been the capital of Ladakh since the Medieval Period. Leh, located in the Leh district, was also the historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh. The seat of the kingdom, Leh Palace, the former residence of the royal family of Ladakh, was built in the same style and about the same time as the Potala Palace in Tibet. Since they were both constructed in a similar style and at roughly the same time, the Potala Palace in Tibet and Leh Palace, the royal residence, are frequently contrasted. Leh is at an altitude of 3,524 m (11,562 ft), and is connected via National Highway 1 to Srinagar in the southwest and to Manali in the south via the Leh-Manali Highway (part of National Highway 3).
Edmond Poillot
Edmond Poillot, (28 January 1888 – 25 September 1910) was a French journalist, pioneer aviation pilot and amateur boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Chief pilot at the Savary's aviation school in Chartres (Eure-et-Loir, France), he died in a plane crash on 25 September 1910 while on a flight with a pupil in the suburbs of the city.

Chartres
Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for the Chartres Cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows are intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.
Diplostamenides
Diplostamenides is a genus which belongs to the family Microcotylidae and class Monogenea.  As all Monogenea, species of Atriostella are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.

Members of the genus Diplostamenides are characterised by a genital atrium armed with a corona of graded spines and relatively few, usually much stouter spines on head of the penis.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
2003 Port of Oakland dock protest
On April 7, 2003, in Oakland, California, United States, an anti-war protest occurred at the Port of Oakland. The non-violent protest was organized by Direct Action to Stop the War, a Bay Area peace group, which was protesting against American President Lines, alleging the company shipped arms and supplies for the U.S. military and was profiting from the war on Iraq.

Satyagraha
Satyāgraha or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practises satyagraha is a satyagrahi.

The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) as early as 1919.
Gandhi practised satyagraha as part of the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as well as Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa and many other social-justice and similar movements.
Leif Lampater
Leif Lampater (born 22 December 1982 in Waiblingen) is a German former professional racing cyclist. He competed in the men's team pursuit at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

He mainly focused on track cycling and excelled in the madison, individual pursuit, team pursuit and six-day racing. In his career, Lampater won three national titles in the team pursuit and the madison. he has won Track cycling World Cups in team pursuit twice and twice in madison. On top of that he won a total of eleven six-day cycling events.

Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit event in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of matches between two teams of four cyclists.  The teams started at opposite ends of the track. They had 16 laps (4 kilometres) in which to catch the other cyclist. If neither was caught before one had gone 16 laps, the times for the distance (based on the third rider of the team to cross the line) were used to determine the victor. The Australia-Great Britain rivalry continued in an event which saw a new world record.