hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
2013 drought in Maharashtra
The 2013 drought in Maharashtra in India came after the region received lower rainfall during the monsoon season June to September 2012. It is considered as the region's worst drought in 40 years. The worst-hit areas in Maharashtra were Solapur, Parbhani, Ahmednagar, Latur, Pune, Satara, Beed and Nashik. Residents of Latur, Osmanabad, Nanded, Aurangabad, Jalna, Jalgaon and Dhule districts were also affected by this famine.

Parbhani district
Parbhani district (Marathi pronunciation: [pəɾbʰəɳiː] ⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. The district is well known for the Marathwada rebellion and religious tourism(Hinduism, Jainism).
Ramsagar railway station
Ramsagar railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line in Adra railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Ramsagar–Nakaijuri Road at Bar Magura, Ramsagar of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Igloolik
Igloolik (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ, Iglulik, Inuktitut pronunciation: [iɣ.lu.ˈlik]) is an Inuit hamlet in Foxe Basin, Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, northern Canada. Because its location on Igloolik Island is close to Melville Peninsula, it is often mistakenly thought to be on the peninsula. The name "Igloolik" means "there is a house here". It derives from iglu meaning house or building, and refers to the sod houses that were originally in the area, not to snow igloos. In Inuktitut the residents are called Iglulingmiut (the suffix miut means "people of").

Foxe Basin
Foxe Basin is a shallow oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada, located between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula. For most of the year, it is blocked by sea ice (fast ice) and drift ice made up of multiple ice floes.

The nutrient-rich cold waters found in the basin are especially favourable to phytoplankton and the numerous islands within it are important bird habitats, including Sabine's gulls and many types of shorebirds. Bowhead whales migrate to the northern part of the basin each summer.

The basin takes its name from the English explorer Luke Foxe who entered the lower part in 1631.
Yi Wei-chen
Yi Wei-chen (Chinese: 易緯鎮; born 28 August 1988) is a Taiwanese athlete who specialises in the sprinting events. He represented his country at the 2010 World Indoor Championships and 2011 World Championships.

2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held between 12 and 14 March at the Aspire Dome in Doha, Qatar. The championships was the first of six IAAF World Athletics Series events to take place in 2010.
Diane Lipscombe
Diane Lipscombe (born March 31, 1960) is a British neuroscientist who is a Professor of Science and a Professor of Neuroscience. She is also the Director of the Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, and the Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science. She served as the president of the Society for Neuroscience in 2019.

Lipscombe has been recognized for her teaching, mentoring and scholarship. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020, and she was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2013. Additionally, Lipscombe was named one of Fast Company's most creative people in 2019 for her leadership at the Carney Institute.

CACNA1B
The voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1B gene. The α1B protein, together with β and α2δ subunits forms an N-type calcium channel (Cav2.2 channel).
Andrew Murray (physiologist)
Andrew James Murray is a British physiologist focused on mitochondria and the effects on their function of athletic condition, high altitude, disease, diet, and age. His work has included studies of the adaptations of the Sherpa people to high altitude, loss of appetite in mountain climbers, the negative cognitive effects of high-fat diets, and the development of ketone ester dietary supplements marketed by American company HVMN that have been claimed to enhance athletic performance.

Murray is originally from South Wales. He earned a doctorate in 2004 from the University of Oxford. He is a Professor in Metabolic Physiology in the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

Ketone-IQ
Ketone-IQ is an American company that specializes in manufacturing and distributing a ketone drink. Previously known as Health Via Modern Nutrition, Inc or "HVMN", the company re-branded itself as Ketone-IQ in May 2024.
Wang Weiyi
Wang Weiyi can refer to:

Wang Weiyi (physician) (王惟一, 987-1067), Chinese physician

Wang Weiyi (filmmaker) (王为一, 1912—2013), Chinese film director and screenwriter

Wang Weiyi (biathlete) (born 1967), Chinese biathlete

Wang Weiyi (sport shooter) (王炜一, born 1974), Chinese sport shooter

Wang Weiyi (volleyball) (born 1995), Chinese volleyball player

Wang Weiyi (physician)
Wang Weiyi (pinyin: Wáng wéiyī; 987–1067), also known as Wang Weide (王惟德), was a Chinese physician and writer of the Song dynasty. He was as an expert on acupuncture famous for creating bronze figure models and compiling a book on the subject. He was the imperial physician of two emperors: Renzong and Yingzong.
Mary Marshall Row
Mary Marshall Row is a historic row house in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It stands at 230–244 East Oglethorpe Avenue, overlooking Colonial Park Cemetery from the north. They are contributing properties of the Savannah Historic District, itself on the National Register of Historic Places.

The properties were built as rental properties for Mary Magdalene Marshall, a noted investor and philanthropist, between 1855 and 1856. They were designed by Charles Cluskey.

In 1959, the demolition of the properties was prevented by the Historic Savannah Foundation. It purchased the land for $45,000 and offered the demolisher $9,000, a $3,000 profit on the value of the building's Savannah gray bricks.

Other similar-style row houses exist in Savannah's Gordon Row, the Jones Street Quantock Row, the Chatham Square Quantock Row, William Remshart Row House and McDonough Row.

Charles B. Cluskey
Charles Blaney Cluskey (ca. 1808– January 1871) was an Irish architect active from the 1830s to the start of the Civil War, and therefore he is recognised as an antebellum architect. He is reputed to be the initiator of the Greek Revival–style in the south, and his commissions, both public and private, can still be seen in Augusta, Milledgeville and Savannah, Georgia.
Street Sense (newspaper)
Street Sense is a weekly street newspaper sold by self-employed homeless distributors ("vendors") on the streets of Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States. It is published by the 501(c)(3) nonprofit Street Sense Media, which also produces documentary filmmaking, photography, theatre, illustration and poetry. The organization says this media, most of which is created by homeless and formerly homeless people, is designed to break down stereotypes and educate the community.

Street Sense Media is a member of the International Network of Street Papers and the Institute for Nonprofit News.

Institute for Nonprofit News
The Institute for Nonprofit News (INN) is a non-profit consortium of nonprofit journalism organizations. The organization promotes non-profit investigative and public service journalism. INN facilitates collaborations between member organizations, provides training in best-practices and fundraising and provides back-office services.
Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps (LRGC; Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya), also known as the Jamahiriyyah Guard, was a paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011. Composed of 4,000 men hand-picked from Gaddafi's tribal group in the Sirte region, the Guard was well armed, being provided with T-54 and T-62 tanks, APCs, MRLs, SA-8 SAMs and ZSU-23-4 anti-aircraft guns taken from the army inventory. As of 2005, its commander was Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi, a cousin of the former Libyan leader.

9K33 Osa
The 9K33 Osa (Russian: 9К33 «Оса»; English: "wasp"; NATO reporting name SA-8 Gecko) is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and fielded in 1972. Its export version name is Romb.
José Amaya
José Antonio "Ringo" Amaya Pardo (born 16 July 1980) is a retired Colombian footballer.

Amaya, who played as a defensive midfielder, was capped with the Colombian U-20 squad before being part of the senior squad that took part in Copa America 2004.

After Colombia did poorly at Copa América 2007, Amaya was chosen to lead the midfield. His performances in international friendlies and World Cup Qualifiers attracted attention, and Amaya was signed for one season by Barcelona S.C. in the Spanish leagues.

Amaya has won the Copa Mustang four times, once with Atlético Junior and three times with Atlético Nacional.

2007 Copa América
The 2007 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América, known simply as the 2007 Copa América or 2007 Copa América Venezuela, was the 42nd edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held between 26 June and 15 July in Venezuela, which hosted the tournament for the first time.

The competition was won by Brazil (they were also the defending champions), who beat Argentina 3–0 in the final.
Mexico took third place by beating Uruguay 3–1 in the third-place match. Brazil thus won the right to represent CONMEBOL at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Corumbataia anosteos
Corumbataia anosteos is a species of armored catfish (Loricariidae) endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Tocantinzinho River in the Tocantins River basin. This species grows to a length of 4.4 centimetres (1.7 in) SL.

The genus Gymnotocinclus is unusual among the Loricariidae due to its extremely reduced armor plates that are characteristic of the family, giving the fish a relatively naked body. This fish probably has a basal position in the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae.

Tocantins River
The Tocantins River (Portuguese: Rio Tocantins Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs, tu-], Parkatêjê: Pyti [pɨˈti]): 59  is a river in Brazil, the central fluvial artery of the country. In the Tupi language, its name means "toucan's beak" (Tukã for "toucan" and Ti for "beak"). It runs from south to north for about 2,450 km (1,520 mi). While sometimes included in definitions of the Amazon basin, the Tocantins is not a branch of the Amazon River, since its waters flow into the Atlantic Ocean via an eastern channel of the Amazon Delta, alongside those of the Amazon proper. It flows through four Brazilian states (Goiás, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Pará) and gives its name to one of Brazil's newest states, formed in 1988 from what was until then the northern portion of Goiás.

The Tocantins is one of the largest clearwater rivers in South America.
Debasish Ghose
Debasish Ghose (born 16 May 1960) is a professor at Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science. He is believed to have initiated work on cooperative control in India, having pioneered research on Intelligent control and multi-agents.  He founded the first mobile robotics lab in India i.e. Mobile Robotics Laboratory at IISc in 2002. He is known for his early work in swarm intelligence, distributed computing and game theory. His primary research is in Guidance and control of autonomous vehicles,  although, current interest is in Computational intelligence i.e. Machine Learning for Aerial Robotics.

Formerly, he has served as chair of the Department of Aerospace, IISc (2012–15) and convener of the Space Technology Cell (STC), ISRO-IISc.

He was a visiting professor at the University of California, Los Angeles for nearly 4 years.

Intelligent control
Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, reinforcement learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms.
Get Up and Dance
Get Up And Dance is a 2011 music rhythm game developed by Gusto Games and published by O-Games. The game was released on November 4, 2011 for both the Wii and PlayStation 3. Players mimic an on-screen dancer's choreography for a selected song, using measurements from either the Wii Remote or the PlayStation Move controllers to judge player's abilities.

Prior to release, O Games settled with the video game publisher Ubisoft after Ubisoft filed for a temporary restraining order against the US release of Get Up and Dance, due to the title of the game's similarities to Ubisoft's Just Dance series. Reception to the game was mixed, with critics noting a distinct lack of content when compared to Just Dance games.

Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

Music video games are distinct from purely audio games (e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound: Kaze no Regret) in that they feature a visual feedback, to lead the player through the game's soundtrack, although eidetic music games can fall under both categories.
Cruise Mode
Cruise Mode is an Australian motoring magazine television series which screened on Network Ten from 23 July 2016 at 3pm Saturdays. It is hosted by Shannon Noll and Charli Robinson and is about special cars, special places and special road trips.

Charli Robinson
Sharlene Marie Zeta Robinson (born 8 March 1980), known professionally as Charli Robinson previously as Charli Delaney, is an Australian television and radio presenter, most famously known as an original member of children's musical group Hi-5 and the television series of the same name from 1998 to 2008 and left Hi-5 after ten years with the group. She is known now as a presenter on Nine Network travel program Getaway.
Valentin Silaghi
Valentin Silaghi (born April 19, 1957) is a retired boxer from Romania, who represented his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics where he won a bronze medal. He also won three national senior titles and a silver and a bronze medal at the European Amateur Boxing Championships.

Currently he lives in Germany and coaches Luan Krasniqi.

Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at the Indoor Stadium of the Olympiski Sports Complex in Moscow from 20 July to 2 August. Eleven boxing events (all men's individual) were contested with the participation of 271 fighters from 51 countries.
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1 December 1580 – 24 June 1637), often known simply as Peiresc, or by the Latin form of his name, Peirescius, was a French astronomer, antiquary and savant, who maintained a wide correspondence with scientists, and was a successful organizer of scientific inquiry.

His research included a determination of the difference in longitude of various locations in Europe, around the Mediterranean, and in North Africa.

He is notably known for having been Galileo’s lawyer, a close friend of Rubens, an art advisor to Marie de' Medici, a pioneer of Egyptology, and for undertaking the first map of the Moon based on telescopic observations. Marc Fumaroli described him as the prince of the Republic of Letters.

Marc Fumaroli
Marc Fumaroli (10 June 1932 – 24 June 2020) was a French historian and essayist who was widely respected as an advocate for French literature and culture. While born in Marseille, Fumaroli grew up in the Moroccan city of Fez, and served in the French army during the Algerian War.
Gacheno
Gacheno (Geʽez: ጋቼኖ) is a town in Wolayita Zone, South Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia.  Gacheno is located about 287 km via B51 away from Addis Ababa to the south and also 31 km away from Sodo to the North, the capital of Wolaita Zone within Damot Gale woreda. The town is located at an elevation of 1,882 meters above sea level. Gacheno lies between 7°03'22" N and 37°55'14"E. The Ethiopian 3rd lady Roman Tesfaye was born and completed her primary school in this town.

South Ethiopia Regional State
The South Ethiopia Regional State (Amharic: ደቡብ ኢትዮጵያ ክልላዊ መንግስት, romanized: debubi ītiyop’iya kililawī menigisiti) is a region in southern Ethiopia. It was formed from the southern part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 19 August 2023 after a successful referendum.

Wolaita Sodo  is the region's political and administrative center. Other regional bureaus were established in Wolaita Sodo, Dilla, Arba Minch, Sawla, Karati and Jinka.
Babia Góra, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Babia Góra [ˈbabja ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

It is in one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

Hajnówka County
Hajnówka County (Polish: powiat hajnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Hajnówka, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Kleszczele, lying 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Hajnówka.

The county covers an area of 1,623.65 square kilometres (626.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 42,851, out of which the population of Hajnówka is 20,580, that of Kleszczele is 1,250, and the rural population is 21,021.
Tri-County Veterans Bridge
The Tri-County Veterans Bridge, also known as the Blythe Ferry Bridge, carries Tennessee State Route 60 (SR 60) over Chickamauga Lake on the Tennessee River. It connects Meigs and Rhea counties just north of Hamilton County. It is located just south of the confluence of the Tennessee and Hiwassee River as well as Hiwassee Island near descending river mile 500. It replaced Blythe Ferry, a ferry across the Tennessee River which began operations in 1809. Construction of the bridge began in October 1993, and it opened to traffic in June 1995. The bridge was dedicated by then-Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist on September 12, 1995.

Rhea County, Tennessee
Rhea County (/reɪ/ RAY) is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,870. Its county seat is Dayton. Rhea County comprises the Dayton, TN micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.
2000 Adidas International
The 2000 Adidas International was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the NSW Tennis Centre in Sydney in Australia that was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 2000 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 9 through 15 January 2000. Lleyton Hewitt and Amélie Mauresmo won the singles titles.

Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre is a tennis and multi-purpose sports facility in the Sydney Olympic Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The centre was built in 1999 and hosted the tennis events for the 2000 Summer Olympics. The venue hosted the Sydney International tournament from 2000 to 2019, the Sydney Tennis Classic in 2022, the ATP Cup in 2020 and 2022, and the United Cup since 2023. The main stadium in the centre is the Ken Rosewall Arena, which has a seating capacity of 10,500, and is capable of hosting multiple sports, including tennis and netball.
South African mullet
The South African mullet (Chelon richardsonii), also called a harder mullet or simply harder, is a species of mullet. It is found in South African coastal waters from Walvis Bay (Namibia) to KwaZulu-Natal, and grows to a maximum length of 40.5 cm (15.9 in). The person the specific name honours was not recorded by Andrew Smith when he described this species but it is most likely to be John Richardson (1787-1865), the Scottish naturalist, surgeon and Arctic explorer.

It is also found inland in the waters of the Olifants River (Western Cape).

Velddrif
Velddrif (the name of the town) or Velddrift (the name of the farm on which the town was established), is a coastal fishing town in the Bergrivier Local Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa. The town had a population 12507 in 2015 and is located on the estuary at which the Berg River flows into St. Helena Bay.