hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cabbage Row
Cabbage Row is a set of pre-Revolutionary buildings at 89 and 91 Church Street in Charleston, South Carolina. The buildings are most notable for having been the inspiration for "Catfish Row" in the DuBose Heyward novel Porgy and later the opera Porgy and Bess by Gershwin. DuBose Heyward had lived nearby on Church Street.

The buildings were perhaps operated as counting houses when they were built, but after the earthquake of 1886, their condition deteriorated until they were a well-known "resort for sailors."

The property was bought by landscape architect Loutrel Briggs in February 1928. Mr. Briggs intended to restore the buildings as residences suitable for artists. The property sold next to Charles H. Gibbs and his business partners in 1955.

Loutrel Briggs
Loutrel Winslow Briggs (December 12, 1893 - May 1977) was an American landscape architect active in Charleston, South Carolina.

Briggs was born in New York City, graduated from Cornell University in 1917 with a degree in "Rural Art" (landscape architecture), and chaired the department of landscape architecture at the New York School of Fine and Applied Art. In the 1920s he began a seasonal landscape architecture practice in Charleston catering to wealthy New Yorkers who wintered in the area. His first major commission was in 1929 for Mrs. Washington Roebling, widow of the engineer who supervised construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1951, Briggs published a book, "Charleston Gardens," about the private gardens in Charleston, South Carolina.

Briggs is now best known for more than one hundred gardens that he designed in or near Charleston's historic district. He was also landscape architect for Mepkin Abbey.
Rendell
Rendell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Rendell (born 1990), Thai-British actor, singer and environmentalist

Don Rendell (1926–2015), English jazz musician and arranger

Ed Rendell (born 1944), American lawyer and politician, former Governor of Pennsylvania

James Rendell (born 1980), English cricketer

Joan Rendell (1921–2010), English historian, writer and phillumenist

Marjorie Rendell (born 1947), American federal judge, former First Lady of Pennsylvania

Martha Rendell (1871–1909), Australian murderer

Matt Rendell (1959–2023), Australian rules footballer

Ruth Rendell (1930–2015), British mystery writer

Scott Rendell (born 1986), English footballer

Stephen Rendell (1819–1893), English-Canadian merchant and politician

Stuart Rendell (born 1972), Australian hammer thrower

Martha Rendell
Martha Rendell (10 August 1871 – 6 October 1909) was the last woman to be hanged in Western Australia, for the wilful murder of her de facto husband's son, Arthur Morris, in 1908. She was also suspected of killing his two daughters, Annie and Olive, by swabbing their throats with hydrochloric acid. Although the children died slow and agonizing deaths, they had been treated by a number of doctors during their illnesses, only one of whom expressed any doubts about their deaths.
WTGY
WTGY (95.7 MHz) is a Christian radio station licensed to Charleston, Mississippi and owned by Family Worship Center Church, Inc. The station began broadcasting on April 1, 1986, and was owned by Superior Broadcast Group. It initially aired a full-service format, featuring country music, and began airing southern gospel music in the 1990s. In 2002, the station was sold to Family Worship Center Church for $300,000.

Charleston, Mississippi
Charleston is a city in north central Mississippi and one of the two county seats of Tallahatchie County, which is located on both sides of the Tallahatchie River. This city is located east of the river and, as of the 2020 census, had a population of 1,884.
Bavarian A IV
Bavarian A IV engines were German 2-2-2 steam locomotives with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn).

The vehicles were developed for night journeys and operations on the North-South Railway. In order to increase the area of the evaporator, the boiler was increased in length to 3,080 mm and in diameter to 1,219 mm. In addition, the weight and the boiler overpressure were raised. These were the first engines to have an outside frame with outside cylinders. This class was used widely, especially in south Germany and in Austria. All the engines bar one were retired by 1883. The survivor was initially converted to a 0-6-0, and later a 0-4-2 wheel arrangement.

They were coupled to 3 T 5 tenders.

Tender (rail)
A tender is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called either a tender locomotive or a tender engine. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board are called tank locomotives or tank engines.

A corridor tender is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly.

A brake tender is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency.
Israel–Lebanon barrier
The Israel–Lebanon barrier, also called the Interlocking Stone (Hebrew: אבן משתלבת), is a border barrier built by the Israel Defense Forces along the Israel–Lebanon border. The barrier includes fences, a wall 7–9 metres high, embankments, pillbox towers, and dozens of watch towers. The barrier is similar in nature to the Gaza–Israel barrier.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
Within Our Gates
Within Our Gates is a 1920 American silent race drama film produced, written and directed by Oscar Micheaux. The film portrays the contemporary racial situation in the United States during the early twentieth century, the years of Jim Crow, the revival of the Ku Klux Klan, the Great Migration of blacks to cities of the North and Midwest, and the emergence of the "New Negro".

The plot features an African-American woman who goes North in an effort to raise money for a rural school in the Deep South for poor Black children. Her romance with a Black doctor eventually leads to revelations about her family's past and her own mixed-race, European ancestry. The film portrays racial violence under white supremacy, and the lynching of black people. It is the oldest known surviving film by an African-American director and has been named as one of the greatest films of all time by a Black director.

New Negro
"New Negro" is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term "New Negro" was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke in his anthology The New Negro.
Schusterman
Schusterman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Schusterman (1945–2000), American businessman and philanthropist

Lynn Schusterman (born 1939), American philanthropist

Martín Schusterman (born 1975), Argentine rugby player

Neal Shusterman (born 1962), American young adult author

Stacy H. Schusterman (born c. 1963), American businesswoman and philanthropist

Charles Schusterman
Charles Schusterman (1935–December 30, 2000) was an American businessman and philanthropist based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was the founder of the Samson Investment Company, a privately owned oil and gas company with oil field investments in the United States, Canada, Venezuela and Russia. He was a large donor to Jewish causes in the United States and Israel. He and his wife, Lynn Schusterman, founded the Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Foundation.
Tasty nightclub raid
The Tasty nightclub raid was an incident on 7 August 1994 during which 463 mostly LGBTIQ+ patrons of the Tasty nightclub event in Melbourne, Australia were detained for seven hours, strip searched and cavity searched by members of Victoria Police. A class action ensued, resulting a total payout of around A$6 million to the complainants, and in 2014 Acting Chief Commissioner Lucinda Nolan apologised to the LGBTQI community.

The event has been noted as "Australia's Stonewall", referring to the gay uprising after police raided a club in 1969 in New York.

Stephen MacLean
Stephen MacLean (1950 – April 2006) was an Australian screenwriter, journalist, broadcaster, and director of films and television series. His best known work is a biography of Peter Allen which was adapted to create the hit musical The Boy from Oz, and wrote the script of the 1982 semi-autobiographical film Starstruck. He was also an amateur musicologist, with extensive knowledge of the songs and the singers of the mid-20th century, and worked with many musicians.
Build a Better Mousetrap
"Build a Better Mousetrap" is the twenty-first episode of the third series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman. It was first broadcast by ABC on 15 February 1964. The episode was directed by Peter Hammond and written by Brian Clemens.

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Mari Gerekmezyan
Mari Gerekmezyan (Armenian: Մարի Կերեքմէզեան; 1913–1947) was one of Turkey's first female sculptors and the first female Armenian sculptor. She was the lover of the Turkish poet and painter Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu.

Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (Turkish: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, or MSGSÜ) is a public art university in Istanbul, Turkey. The university's campus is located in the Fındıklı, Beyoğlu. The university was established in 1882 under the leadership of Osman Hamdi Bey.
Thoroughbred Shortline Program
The Thoroughbred Shortline Program was a system of shortline creation devised by Norfolk Southern in the late 1980s. It involved an alternative to the typical practice of a Class I railroad selling rail lines outright to shortlines in the post-Staggers Act era. Defining features of the program included leasing lines to shortline operators, as opposed to outright sales, keeping stations available in Norfolk Southern marketing campaigns, and crediting carloads delivered to Norfolk Southern towards the lease and eventual purchase of the line. The program ran from 1988 to 1991, creating more than a dozen new shortline railroads, nearly all of which are still in operation today.

Staggers Rail Act
The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 is a United States federal law that deregulated the American railroad industry to a significant extent, and it replaced the regulatory structure that had existed since the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
Isle of Wight Festival 2019
The Isle of Wight Festival 2019 was the eighteenth edition of the revived Isle of Wight Festival, which took place at Seaclose Park in Newport, on the Isle of Wight. It was held on 13 to 16 June 2019. Tickets were released on Friday January 25, 2019 at 9 am.

Friendly Fires
Friendly Fires are an English indie rock band from St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently signed to Polydor Records. Their self-titled debut album was released on 1 September 2008, and was announced as one of the shortlisted twelve for the 2009 Mercury Prize on 21 July 2009.
Albert Sidney Beckham
Albert Sidney Beckham (1897–1964) was the first African American to hold the title of school psychologist. He was a pioneering African American psychologist specializing in educational psychology and made significant contributions to the base of knowledge about the racial intelligence score disparity. Additionally, he taught in the New York public school system and was a professor at Wilberforce University and Howard University. He served the Chicago school district as their first African American school psychologist.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Pittsburg/Bay Point station
Pittsburg/Bay Point station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Pittsburg, California, United States, adjacent to the community of Bay Point. It serves northern and eastern Contra Costa County, as well as the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta area. Passengers transfer between the light and heavy rail portions of the Yellow Line at a dedicated transfer platform east of the main station.

Contra Costa County, California
Contra Costa County (/ˌkɒntrə ˈkɒstə/ ⓘ; Contra Costa, Spanish for 'Opposite Coast') is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,165,927. The county seat is Martinez. It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area and is primarily suburban. The county's name refers to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco. Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
St. Catharines/Niagara District Airport
St. Catharines/Niagara District Airport (IATA: YCM, ICAO: CYSN) is a regional airport located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is classified as an airport of entry by NAV CANADA and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency on a call out basis from the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge. CBSA officers at this airport currently can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

Port of entry
In general, a port of entry (POE) is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has border security staff and facilities to check passports and visas and to inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a land border. Seaports can be used as ports of entry only if a dedicated customs presence is posted there. The choice of whether to become a port of entry is up to the civil authority controlling the port.
Jean-Baptiste Charles Matthieu
Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Mirampal Matthieu (3 October 1763, Compiègne – 31 October 1833, Condat, Gironde) was a French politician and Deputy to the National Convention.

He voted for the execution of Louis XVI.  On 4 September 1792, he was elected member of the convention by the department of Oise.  Initially he was a moderate, despising the excesses of the Jacobins and directing his hostility toward Robespierre. On 26 May 1795, he was elected president of the Convention in a difficult position, just after the Uprising of 1 Prairial.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).
Seven Billiard Tables
Seven Billiard Tables (Spanish: Siete mesas de billar francés) is a 2007 Spanish sports comedy-drama film directed by Gracia Querejeta. She also co-wrote the story with David Planell. In 2008, the film was nominated for nine Goya Awards. It won two awards, including the Best Actress award (for Maribel Verdú).

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Komló District
Komló (Hungarian: Komlói járás) is a district in northern part of Baranya County, in Hungary. Komló is also the name of the town where the district seat is located. The district lies in the Southern Transdanubia Statistical Region.

Baranya County
Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.

As of 2025, it has a population of 351,158. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th, both in terms of geographic area and population.
Sainik School, Satara
Sainik School Satara is one of the 33 Sainik Schools of India. The medium of instruction is English. Established by Government of India on 23 June 1961 at Satara. It is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education and is a member of Indian Public Schools Conference (IPSC).It also has  Primary Sainik School Satara  attached to it.

It has the distinction of being the first of many such Sainik Schools in India. The school prepares boys and girls for entry into the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, Pune.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Tomasi Vuetilovoni
Tomasi Vuetilovoni, commonly known as Tom Vuetilovoni, is a former Fijian politician, who was Minister for Tourism and Transport in 2006, following the parliamentary election held on 6–13 May that year.  Previously, he served as Minister for Commerce, Business Development, and Investment from July 2000, when he joined the interim government that was formed in the wake of the failed 2000 Fijian coup d'état.  In the election held to restore democracy in September 2001, Vuetilovoni won the Ra Fijian Communal constituency for the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL), and retained his Cabinet post subsequently. He was re-elected at the 2006 election.

The military coup of 5 December 2006 ended Vuetilovoni's career in the Cabinet.

Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua
The United Fiji Party (Fijian: Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua, pronounced [soŋ.ɡo.soŋ.ɡo ndu.a.βa.ta ni le.ɰe.ni.βa.nu.a], SDL) was a political party in Fiji. It was founded in 2001 by Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase as a power base; it absorbed most of the Christian Democratic Alliance and other conservative groups, and its endorsement by the Great Council of Chiefs (Bose Levu Vakaturaga) caused it to be widely seen as the successor to the Alliance Party, the former ruling party that had dominated Fijian politics from the 1960s to the 1980s.  It drew its support mainly from indigenous Fijiians.

The party was led in Parliament by Prime Minister Qarase.  The party organization was headed up by Ratu Kalokalo Loki as President and by Jale Baba as General Secretary (later termed National Director) until early 2006, when he was transferred at the beginning of 2006 to managing the campaign for the 2006 General Election.  Peceli Kinivuwai took over as National Director.
Soil matrix
The soil matrix is the solid phase of soils, and comprise the solid particles that make up soils. Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition (mineralogy) as well as their size. The particle-size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of the properties of that soil, in particular hydraulic conductivity and water potential, but the mineralogy of those particles can strongly modify those properties. The mineralogy of the finest soil particles, clay, is especially important.

Particle-size distribution
In granulometry, the particle-size distribution (PSD) of a powder, or granular material, or particles dispersed in fluid, is a list of values or a mathematical function that defines the relative amount, typically by mass, of particles present according to size. Significant energy is usually required to disintegrate soil, etc. particles into the PSD that is then called a grain size distribution.
The Awakening of Helena Richie (film)
The Awakening of Helena Richie is a surviving 1916 silent film produced by B. A. Rolfe and distributed by Metro Pictures. It is based on the 1906 novel, The Awakening of Helena Richie, by Margaret Deland and the 1909 Broadway play based on the novel starring Margaret Anglin and then child actor Raymond Hackett.

This silent film version brings Ethel Barrymore to the Helena Richie role (as Anglin refused to do films) and Barrymore's surname meant better business in the movie world. This film still survives incomplete in the Library of Congress and was reputed to be Barrymore's favorite of her silent film work.

Actor Robert Cummings also played his same part in the 1909 Broadway play.

Margaret Anglin
Mary Margaret Warren Anglin (April 3, 1876 – January 7, 1958) was a Canadian-born Broadway actress, director and producer. Encyclopædia Britannica calls her "one of the most brilliant actresses of her day."