hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tina Lavender
Professor Dame Tina Lavender DBE (born 1965 or 1966) is a British midwife and professor of maternal and newborn health at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM). She is the director of the  Centre for Childbirth, Women's, and Newborn Health which is a collaboration between WHO and LSTM. She is also chief investigator at the NIHR Global Health Unit on the Prevention and Management of Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) is a post-graduate teaching and research institution based in Liverpool, England, established in 1898. It was the first institution in the world dedicated to the study of tropical medicine. LSTM conducts research in areas such as malaria and insect-borne diseases and operates as a higher education institution with degree-awarding powers.

LSTM is also a registered charity, with a research portfolio exceeding £220 million, supported by funding from organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. In partnership with the University of Liverpool, LSTM co-founded the Centre of Excellence in Infectious Diseases Research (CEIDR), which focuses on improving global healthcare and medical technologies.
ZooBorns
ZooBorns is a zoology news blog and book line that announces animal births at AZA, EAZA, CAZA, ZAA, and WAZA accredited zoos and aquariums. ZooBorns was founded in 2008 with the mission to "educate while it entertains", and typically shares related conservation information along with pictures and video of baby animals.

ZooBorns has been featured in The Washington Post, NBC News, Discover Magazine, and on the Martha Stewart Show among other media outlets. The site was created by Andrew Bleiman, co-founder of Zooillogix who lives in Chicago, and Chris Eastland, an artist living in Brooklyn.

European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) is an organisation for the European zoo and aquarium community that links over 340 member organisations in 41 countries. EAZA membership is open to all zoos and aquaria across Europe that comply with EAZA's standards. The organisation is administered and headquartered at Natura Artis Magistra in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The mission of the association is to promote cooperation for furthering regional collection planning and wildlife conservation. EAZA also promotes educational activities and advises EU lawmakers through standing committees of the European Parliament and the European Council.
Athallia scopularis
Athallia scopularis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1883 as a member of the genus Lecanora. After having been shuffled to several genera in its taxonomic history, it was transferred to the genus Athallia in 2013 following a molecular phylogenetics-led restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. This lichen grows on sun-lit seaside siliceous rocks, particularly those covered with guano from resting birds. It has been recorded from the Atlantic coasts of North America, Northern Europe, and Greenland.

Siliceous rock
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert; other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges.
Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr
"Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr" (From my heart I hold you dear, o Lord) is a Lutheran hymn in German by the Protestant theologian and reformer Martin Schalling, written in Amberg in 1569 and first printed in 1571. It is sung to an anonymous melody, Zahn No. 8326, which appeared in a tablature book for organ in 1577. The hymn is often used for funerals, especially the third and last stanza, "Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein" (Ah Lord, let thine own angels dear). It appears in the current German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch (EG).

Tablature
Tablature (or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches.

Tablature is common for fretted stringed instruments such as the guitar, lute or vihuela, as well as many free reed aerophones such as the harmonica.  Tablature was common during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and is commonly used today in notating many forms of music.

Three types of organ tablature were used in Europe: German, Spanish and Italian.

To distinguish standard musical notation from tablature, the former is usually called "staff notation" or just "notation".
Brisco (surname)
Brisco is an English surname. It derives either from Brisco in Cumbria or Briscoe in County Durham. Notable people with the surname include:

Brisco baronets in Great Britain

Gerald Brisco (born 1946), American wrestler

Jack Brisco (1941–2010), American wrestler, brother of Gerald, uncle of Wes

John Brisco Ray (1902–1973), English diver

Mikiah Brisco (born 1996), American sprint runner

Musgrave Brisco (1791–1854), British Conservative politician

Neil Brisco (born 1978), English football player

Robert Brisco (1928–2004), Canadian politician

Robert Brisco Earée (1846–1928), English priest and philatelist

Valerie Brisco-Hooks (born 1960), American sprint runner

Wes Brisco (born 1983), American wrestler, son of Gerald

Musgrave Brisco
Musgrave Brisco (1791 – 9 May 1854) was a British Conservative Party politician.

A former mayor of Hastings.
In the 1830s, he assisted his brother, Wastel Brisco, with the development of Bohemia House in Summerfields, St Leonards-on-Sea, and was appointed High Sheriff of Sussex for 1843. He was then elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hastings at a by-election in 1844, and held the seat until he resigned from Parliament through appointment as Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds on 5 May 1854.
Gisèle d'Ailly van Waterschoot van der Gracht
Gisèle d'Ailly van Waterschoot van der Gracht (11 September 1912 – 28 May 2013), also known by the mononym Gisèle, was a Dutch visual artist. During World War II, she operated a safe house out of her home for a group of young Jewish people in one of the apartments at the Herengracht 401, in the center of Amsterdam.

In 2019 a report was published by former judge Frans Bauduin about years of structural sexual abuse conducted by Wolfgang Frommel in the house of Gisele.

Safe house
A safe house (also spelled safehouse) is a dwelling place or building whose unassuming appearance makes it an inconspicuous location where one can hide out, take shelter, or conduct clandestine activities.
Echinostoma bolschewense
Echinostoma bolschewense is a species of echinostome from the Czech Republic, Russia, and the Slovak Republic.

Echinostoma bolschewense has a typical trematode life-cycle; In nature the redia occur in Viviparus contectus and V. acerosus that serve as the first intermediate hosts. These produce cercariae that carry the 37 collar spines (10–13 μm) as is usual in the Echinostoma. The metacercariae can encyst on a wide range of host snails. In nature they have been found on Viviparus contectus, Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus, Physa fontinalis, and Radix auricularia. Mammals serve as the definitive host where the adults can grow up to 12.5 mm. and in which eggs (138–162 μm) are produced.

Radix auricularia
Radix auricularia, the big-ear radix, is a species of medium-sized freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.

Radix auricularia is the type species of the genus Radix.
Sherlock Biosciences
Sherlock Biosciences was a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts that developed diagnostic tests using CRISPR-Cas13. The company was founded in 2019 by Feng Zhang, Jim Collins, Omar Abudayyeh, and Jonathan Gootenberg of the Broad Institute and MIT.

Cas13 was discovered by Zhang and Eugene Koonin using computational methods, then further characterized by Jennifer Doudna's team at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2020, both Sherlock Biosciences and Mammoth Biosciences from Doudna's lab at UC Berkeley used their similar CRISPR technologies to develop tests for COVID-19.

In 2021, Sherlock Biosciences and The Forsyth Institute announced a strategic partnership focusing on the development of products related to the “detection of human biomarkers in oral cavity and other oral health applications."

In December 2024, Sherlock Biosciences was acquired by OraSure Technologies.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Mount Ossa (Tasmania)
Mount Ossa is the highest mountain in Tasmania, with a summit elevation of 1,617 metres (5,305 ft) above sea level. It makes up part of the Pelion Range within Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia.

It was first surveyed by Europeans in the 1860s, and confirmed to be the state's high point in 1954.

Like most peaks in the area it is capped with Jurassic dolerite.

Diabase
Diabase (/ˈdaɪ.əˌbeɪs/), also called dolerite (/ˈdɒl.əˌraɪt/) or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro. Diabase dikes and sills are typically shallow intrusive bodies and often exhibit fine-grained to aphanitic chilled margins which may contain tachylite (dark mafic glass).

Diabase is the preferred name in North America, while dolerite is the preferred name in the rest of the English-speaking world, where sometimes the name diabase refers to altered dolerites and basalts. Some geologists prefer to avoid confusion by using the name microgabbro.
2006 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 96 kg
The men's freestyle 96 kilograms was a competition featured at the 2006 World Wrestling Championships, held at the Tianhe Gymnasium in Guangzhou, China, on 29 September 2006.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals.

Tianhe Gymnasium
The Tianhe Gymnasium of Tianhe Sports Center is a sports venue in Tianhe District, Guangzhou.

It hosted badminton events during the 2010 Asian Games.

On 23 April 2019, the Tianhe Sports Center and Guangzhou Loong Lions finished the hand-over ceremony of Tianhe Gymnasium. Nenking and the Loong Lions officially started their operation on the gymnasium since 1 May 2019.
1844 in birding and ornithology
Death of Adolphe-Simon Neboux

Richard Owen describes Anomalopteryx and publishes  History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (1844–1846)

Graceanna Lewis (1821–1912) writes and illustrates A Natural History of Birds

Death of Gaetano Savi

Jerdon's leafbird described by Edward Blyth

Johann Jakob von Tschudi publishes Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Perus (1844–47)

George Robert Gray  publishes Genera of Birds (1844–49), illustrated by David William Mitchell and Joseph Wolf

Death of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Fauna Japonica Aves commenced (1844–1850)

Johann Jakob Kaup publishes Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel

Last great auk killed 3 July 1844 on Eldey, Iceland

Pierre Adolphe Delattre publishes Ornithologie d'Europe Douai

Edward Blyth
Edward Blyth (23 December 1810 – 27 December 1873) was an English zoologist who worked for most of his life in India as a curator of zoology at the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He catalogued the specimens in the collection in his Catalogue of the Birds of the Asiatic Society in 1849. He did not collect specimens himself but received and described bird specimens from A.O. Hume, Samuel Tickell, Robert Swinhoe among others. His Natural History of the Cranes was published posthumously in 1881.
William Durbin
William Paul Durbin Jr. (born Dec. 31, 1953) is a martial artist and Baptist minister, known for founding Kiyojute Ryu Kempo Bugei (気楊柔手流拳法武芸, Kiyōjūte-ryū Kenpō Bugei), meaning "spiritually positive gentle person system of martial arts", a form of Kempo, in 1982. It is a Gendai Budō martial art in the James Mitose lineage intended to provide for all aspects of self-defense. The Hombu Dojo, or headquarters, is located in Frankfort, Kentucky.

Dojo
A dōjō (道場; Japanese pronunciation: [doꜜː(d)ʑoː]) is a hall or place for immersive learning, experiential learning, or meditation. This is traditionally in the field of martial arts. The term literally means "place of the Way" in Japanese.
Caenlochan
Caenlochan (Scottish Gaelic: Cadha an Lochain) is a glen in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. Under EU Natura 2000 legislation it is a Special Area of Conservation for botanical reasons, containing plant communities found nowhere else in the UK. It is also a Special Protection Area for birds including the dotterel.

Eurasian dotterel
The Eurasian dotterel (Eudromias morinellus), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. It is the only species placed in the genus Eudromias.

The dotterel is a brown-and-black-streaked bird with a broad, white eye stripe and an orange-red chest band when in breeding plumage. The female is more colourful than the male. The bird is tame and unsuspecting, and the term "dotterel" has been applied contemptuously to mean an old fool.

The Eurasian dotterel is a migratory species, breeding in Northern Europe and Eurosiberia and migrating south to North Africa and the Middle East in the winter. It nests in a bare scrape on the ground and lays two to four eggs. The male does the incubation and rears the chicks, with the female having gone off to find another male and lay another clutch of eggs. It is a common bird with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being of "least concern".
Jenny Hagel
Jenny Hagel (born 1976 or 1977) is an American comedian and comedy writer. She is a writer and performer for Late Night with Seth Meyers, known for appearing in the recurring segment "Jokes Seth Can't Tell", along with host Seth Meyers and Amber Ruffin, a fellow writer-performer. Hagel serves as an executive producer and head writer on The Amber Ruffin Show on Peacock. In 2022, Hagel and Ruffin co-founded a production company, Straight to Cards, under their overall deal with Universal Television.

Impractical Jokers
Impractical Jokers is an American hidden camera comedy and reality show with improvisational elements. Produced by NorthSouth Productions, Impractical Jokers premiered on truTV on December 15, 2011, starring the members of The Tenderloins: James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, Sal Vulcano, and formerly Joe Gatto. In March 2024, the series was relocated to  TBS, who originally simulcast the tenth season, due to a programming network overhaul at truTV. Despite this, truTV continues to air reruns.

Impractical Jokers' twelfth season premiered on July 10, 2025. A feature-length film for the show was theatrically released on February 21, 2020.
Lubarna II
Lubarna II (or Labarna II) was the ruler of the Syro-Hittite state of Pattin, also called Unqi, until 831, or 829 BC.

The name Lubarna was the Luwian iteration of the Hittite royal title "Labarna," which was held by the kings of the Hittite Empire. Thus, Lubarna's name seems to hearken back to the power of the Hittites in the Bronze Age. There was an earlier Pattinite king who had this regnal name, contemporary to Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria.

Pattin, during the time of Lubarna, was a tributary to the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Lubarna's apparent predecessor, Halparuntiya II, sent tribute to the Assyrian Great King, Shalmaneser III. It is very likely then, that Lubarna was appointed as a vassal ruler by the king of Assyria. In 831, however, Lubarna was assassinated by his subjects for being too pro-Assyrian, and replaced by a usurper named Surri.

Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III (Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 859 BC to 824 BC.

His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia, Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu. His armies penetrated to Lake Van and the Taurus Mountains; the Neo-Hittites of Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of Hamath and Aram Damascus were subdued. It is in the annals of Shalmaneser III from the 850s BC that the Arabs and Chaldeans first appear in recorded history.
2013 Webby Awards
The 17th annual Webby Awards for 2013 was held at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City on May 22, 2013, hosted by comedian Patton Oswalt. It was streamed live at www.webbyawards.com.

The Lifetime Achievement award was presented to Steve Wilhite, inventor of the GIF file format. The viral Australian public service campaign Dumb Ways to Die led the other nominees for total number of awards received, and The Onion achieved a record 19th win.

Hammerstein Ballroom
The Hammerstein Ballroom is a 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) ballroom located within the Manhattan Center at 311 West 34th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The capacity of the ballroom is dependent on the configuration of the room; it seats 2,000 people for theatrical productions and musical performances, and several thousand for events held within a central ring. The floor of the ballroom is flat. The two main balconies – which are unusually close to the ground and gently sloped – seat a total of 1,200. The third balcony has been stripped of seats and is not used.
Investigatory Powers Act 2016
The Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) (nicknamed the Snoopers' Charter) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received royal assent on 29 November 2016. Its different parts came into force on various dates from 30 December 2016. The Act comprehensively sets out and in limited respects expands the electronic surveillance powers of the British intelligence agencies and police. It also claims to improve the safeguards on the exercise of those powers.

The Act was amended by the Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Act 2024, following a review by Lord Anderson of Ipswich, the person who originally proposed the Act.

The Register
The Register (often also called El Reg) is a British technology news website co-founded in 1994 by Mike Magee and John Lettice. The masthead sublogo is "Biting the hand that feeds IT." The publication's primary focus is information technology news and opinions. In 2025, The Register was named the "BBC of cloud computing news" by the premiere cloud computing industry conference, CloudFest.

Situation Publishing Ltd is the site's publisher. Drew Cullen is an owner and Linus Birtles is the managing director. Andrew Orlowski was the executive editor before leaving the website in May 2019.
Politics of Nauru
The politics of Nauru take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nauru is the head of government of the executive branch. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Zhang Hao (general)
Zhang Hao (Chinese: 張顥; pinyin: Zhāng Hào) (died June 18, 908) was a guard commander for late Chinese Tang dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi the Prince of Wu, who was the military governor (jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and Yang Xingmi's son Yang Wo (Prince Wei of Hongnong) early in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.  Along with fellow guard commander Xu Wen, he took over reins of the Hongnong state (which, in later times, would be known as Wu) by effectively putting Yang Wo under physical control.  In 908, fearing that Yang Wo was about to seize power back and kill them, they assassinated him first.  However, they then turned on each other, and Zhang was killed by Xu, who then took sole rein of Hongnong.

Military government
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A military government is any government that is administered by a military, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue or by an occupying power. It is usually administered by military personnel.

Types of military government include:

Military occupation of acquired foreign territory and the administration thereof

Martial law, temporary military rule of domestic territory

Military dictatorship, an authoritarian government controlled by a military and its political designees, called a military junta when done extralegally

Military junta, a government led by a committee of military leaders

Stratocracy, a government traditionally or constitutionally run by a military

Military democracy, a war-based society that practices democracy. With an elected and removable general as supreme chief, a council of elders and a popular assembly.
Burning of convents in Spain (1931)
Between May 10 and May 13, 1931, over one hundred convents and other religious buildings were deliberately burned down by anarchists and other Far Left anticlericalists in Spain during allegedly spontaneous riots that started in Madrid and spread throughout the country.

On May 10, a monarchist group played a recording of the former national anthem Marcha Real by an open window in the Calle de Alcalá while a large crowd were returning from the Buen Retiro Park. Some members of the crowd were enraged, and the following day anti-Catholic riots and Church arson swept across Spain. While some cabinet ministers in the newly founded Second Spanish Republic wanted to intervene and restore order, other cabinet ministers opposed the idea. According to the canonical narrative, Prime Minister Manuel Azaña allegedly overruled those who wished to intervene by stating, "All the convents of Spain are not worth the life of a single Republican".

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.