hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 in the sport of athletics
2022 in athletics was a year highlighted by an unusual number of significant athletics events. The delayed 2020 Olympic program led to the 2021 World Athletics Championships being rearranged for 2022, while events normally held in the middle years of Olympic cycles, such as the Commonwealth Games athletics program and the various continental championships (e.g. the 2022 European Athletics Championships) were also held, meaning significant numbers of athletes had several peaks in quick succession, particularly Canadian, British, Australian, Kenyan and South African athletes.

Elliot Giles
Elliot Levi Giles (born 26 May 1994) is an English middle-distance runner from Birmingham, specialising in the 800 metres. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics, 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2024 Summer Olympics and holds the current road mile world record at 3:51.3.
Rob Smyth
Robert John Smyth (born 22 February 1977) is an English rugby league footballer who played as a winger. He played at club level for Wigan, London Broncos, Warrington Wolves and Leigh Centurions in the Super League, and also represented Ireland at international level.

Winger (sports)
In certain sports, such as football, field hockey, ice hockey, handball, rugby union, lacrosse and rugby league, winger is a position. It refers to positions on the extreme left and right sides of the pitch, or playing field (the "wings"). In American football and Canadian football, the analogous position is the wide receiver. Wingers often try to use pace to exploit extra space available on the flanks that can be made available by their teammates dominating the centre ground. They must be wary however of not crossing the touchline, or sidelines, and going out of play. In sports where the main method of scoring involves attacking a small goal (by whatever name) in the centre of the field, a common tactic is to cross the ball to a central teammate.
SmY RNA
SmY ribonucleic acids (SmY RNAs) are a family of small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms. They are thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing.

SmY RNAs are about 70–90 nucleotides long and share a common secondary structure, with two stem-loops flanking a consensus binding site for Sm protein. Sm protein is a shared component of spliceosomal snRNPs.

SmY RNAs have been found in nematodes of class Chromadorea, which includes the most commonly studied nematodes (such as Caenorhabditis, Pristionchus, and Ascaris), but not in the more distantly related Trichinella spiralis in class Dorylaimia. The number of SmY genes in each species varies, with most Caenorhabditis and Pristionchus species having 10–26 related paralogous copies, while other nematodes have 1–5.

Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella spiralis is a viviparous nematode parasite,  occurring in rodents, pigs, bears, hyenas and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis.  It is sometimes referred to as the "pork worm" due to it being typically encountered in undercooked pork products. It should not be confused with the distantly related pork tapeworm.
Sherman James
Sherman A. James is an American epidemiologist. He is the Susan B. King Professor Emeritus of Public Policy at the Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, and previously taught at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1973 to 1989 and at the University of Michigan School of Public Health as the John P. Kirscht Collegiate Professor of Public Health from 1989 to 2003. He was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2000.

James received an A.B. degree (psychology and philosophy) from Talladega College in 1964 and a Ph.D. in psychology from Washington University in St. Louis in 1973.

James' research focused on social determinants of health in the US, racial disparities in health and healthcare, and the health effects of structural racism. He is known for conceiving the term John Henryism in the 1970s.

University of Michigan School of Public Health
The University of Michigan School of Public Health is the public health school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. The school is one of the oldest schools of public health in the country and is considered one of the top schools focusing on health in the United States. Founded in 1941, the School of Public Health grew out of the University of Michigan's degree programs in public health, some of which date back to the 19th century.
Pavoclinus laurentii
Pavoclinus laurentii, the rippled klipfish, is a species of clinid found from Inhambane, Mozambique to Port Alfred, South Africa where it prefers weed-grown tide pools.  It can reach a maximum length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL. The specific name honours Master Lawrence Robinson, who caught type specimens at Winklespruit, the use of the term master indicates that he was probably younger than 12 years old at the time.

Inhambane
Inhambane [iɲɐ̃ˈbani] (also known as Terra de Boa Gente (Land of Good People)) is a city located in southern Mozambique, lying on Inhambane Bay, 470 km northeast of Maputo. It is the capital of the Inhambane Province and, according to the 2017 census, has a population of 79,724, growing from 54,157 in the 1997 census.

The settlement owes its existence to a deep inlet into which the small Mutamba River flows. Two protective sandy headlands protect the harbour and form a sandbank. The sister town of Maxixe is located across the bay from Inhambane.
Pre-crime
Pre-crime (or precrime) is the idea that the occurrence of a crime can be anticipated before it happens. The term was coined by science fiction author Philip K. Dick, and is increasingly used in academic literature to describe and criticise the tendency in criminal justice systems to focus on crimes not yet committed.  Precrime intervenes to punish, disrupt, incapacitate or restrict those deemed to embody future crime threats. The term precrime embodies a temporal paradox, suggesting both that a crime has not yet occurred and that it is a foregone conclusion.

Temporal paradox
A temporal paradox, time paradox, or time travel paradox, is an apparent or actual contradiction associated with the idea of time travel or other foreknowledge of the future. Temporal paradoxes arise from circumstances involving hypothetical time travel to the past. They are often employed to demonstrate the impossibility of time travel. Temporal paradoxes fall into three broad groups: bootstrap paradoxes, consistency paradoxes, and free will causality paradoxes exemplified by the Newcomb paradox.
Nasan
The Nasan Clustered File System is a shared disk file system created by the company DataPlow. Nasan software enables high-speed access to shared files located on shared, storage area network (SAN)-attached storage devices by utilizing the high-performance, scalable data transfers inherent to storage area networks and the manageability of network attached storage (NAS).

Nasan derives its name from the combination of network attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN).  Nasan clustered file sharing is an extension of traditional LAN file sharing yet utilizes storage area networks for data transfers. Deploying a Nasan cluster entails configuring LAN file sharing, installing Nasan file system software, and connecting computers and storage devices to the SAN.

Network-attached storage
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. In this context, the term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized computer appliance device unit built for such functionality – a NAS appliance or NAS box. NAS contrasts with block-level, storage area networks (SAN) and direct-attached storage (DAS).
Chimera (mythology)
According to Greek mythology, the Chimera, Chimaera, Chimæra, or Khimaira (/kaɪˈmɪərə, kɪ-, -mɛər-/ ky-MEER-ə, kih-, -⁠MAIR-; Ancient Greek: Χίμαιρα, romanized: Chímaira, lit. 'she-goat') was a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature from Lycia, Asia Minor, composed of different animal parts. Typically, it is depicted as a lion with a goat's head protruding from its back and a tail ending with a snake's head. Some representations also include dragon's wings. It was an offspring of Typhon and Echidna, and a sibling of monsters like Cerberus and the Lernaean Hydra.

The term "chimera" has come to describe any mythical or fictional creature with parts taken from various animals.

Hesiod
Hesiod (/ˈhiːsiəd/ HEE-see-əd or /ˈhɛsiəd/ HEH-see-əd; Ancient Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos; fl. c. 700 BC) was an Ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

Several of Hesiod's works have survived in their entirety. Among these are Theogony, which tells the origins of the gods, their lineages, and the events that led to Zeus's rise to power, and Works and Days, a poem that describes the five Ages of Man, offers advice and wisdom, and includes myths such as Pandora's box.

Hesiod is generally regarded by Western authors as 'the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject.' Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought, Archaic Greek astronomy, cosmology, and ancient time-keeping.
Trachylepis damarana
Trachylepis damarana, also known as the Damara skink or Damara variable skink, is a species of skink. It is found in southern Africa, specifically in south-eastern Angola, northern Namibia, western Zambia, northern and eastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, north-eastern South Africa, and western Mozambique.

Trachylepis damarana is a very common terrestrial skink inhabiting open, rocky habitats in savanna. It has fully developed limbs and can reach 68 mm (2.7 in) in snout–vent length.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Oleksandr Dyachenko
Oleksandr Dyachenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Андрійович Дяченко; born 1 March 1994) is a Ukrainian former football goalkeeper who last played for FC Rukh Vynnyky in the Ukrainian First League.

Dyachenko is product of youth team systems of FC Dynamo and FC Metalist. Made his debut for FC Obolon-Brovar Kyiv entering as a player in game against FC Real Pharma Ovidiopol on 6 September 2013 in Ukrainian Second League.

In November 2013, Dyachenko was called up for Ukraine national football team under-20 by coach Volodymyr Horilyi for training process .

He retired at age 24 after the latest injury when he broke his leg.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Osiek, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Osiek [ˈɔɕɛk] ⓘ is a town in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,001 inhabitants (2010). The town lies in Lesser Poland, along the National Road nr. 79, which goes from Warsaw to Bytom. Osiek is located 15 kilometers northeast of Połaniec, and 18 kilometers west of Tarnobrzeg, 180 meters above sea level.

Its main point of interest is St. Stanisław parish church, built in the late 17th century. Osiek has a rail station called Osiek Staszowski, on a secondary importance line which joins Tarnobrzeg with Włoszczowice.

Tarnobrzeg
Tarnobrzeg [tarˈnɔbʐɛk] ⓘ is a city in south-eastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), on the east bank of the river Vistula, with 49,419 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo podkarpackie) since 1999, it had previously been the capital of Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship (1975–1998). Tarnobrzeg lies in the Sandomierz Basin, and directly borders the town of Sandomierz, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Its history dates back to the year 1593, when it was granted Magdeburg rights, and belonged to the Tarnowski family. For centuries Tarnobrzeg remained a small town, which did not develop until the post-World War II period, when it became center of an industrial area, based on rich sulfur deposits.
Brite Ranch raid
The Brite Ranch raid was an incident that occurred on Christmas Day 1917, in which Mexican raiders crossed the Rio Grande River border and attacked a ranch in Presidio County, Texas. At the time the raiders were thought to be Villistas, as they had been responsible for several other previous incursions into American territory, though other accounts say that some Carrancistas were involved as well. During the raid the Mexicans murdered three people, robbed a general store and rode back to Chihuahua under pursuit by a motorized posse and troops of the United States Army 8th Cavalry. The Americans fought a running battle with the Mexicans on December 26 that resulted in the deaths of several raiders and the recovery of some stolen property.  Soon after, an expedition to find more of the raiders led to another more violent episode when, on January 27, 1918, a force of Texas Rangers accompanied by US Cavalry, executed 15 Mexican men in what became known as the Porvenir Massacre.

8th Cavalry Regiment
The 8th Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army formed in 1866 during the American Indian Wars. The 8th Cavalry continued to serve under a number of designations, fighting in every other major U.S. conflict since, except World War I, when it was not deployed to Europe because it was already engaged in the Punitive Expedition in Mexico from 1916 to 1920. It is currently a component of the 1st Cavalry Division.
Hamilton Stands
Hamilton Stands Inc. is a musical instrument accessories manufacturing company founded in 1883 in Hamilton, Ohio and based in Middletown, Ohio. The company is currently owned by St. Louis Music.

Hamilton is most famous for their wide variety of music stands (from light, fold-up types to rugged, near-permanent ones), used by musicians and music students around the world. Other Hamilton accessories include capos for stringed instruments, and instrument stands.

Musician Bob Dylan frequently used a Hamilton capo on his guitars, and studio and concert photos reveal their distinct look. Michael Nesmith of the Monkees referenced a Hamilton stand in his song "Circle Sky", in the line "Hamilton's smiling down".

Fashion accessory
In fashion, an accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to an individual's outfit. Accessories are often chosen to complete an outfit and complement the wearer's look. They have the capacity to further express an individual's identity and personality. Accessories come in different shapes, sizes, hues, etc. The term came into use in the 16th century.
Patricio Briones
Patricio Antonio Briones Moller (born (1972-03-10)March 10, 1972 in Concepción) is a Chilean former professional basketball player and politician. He serves as a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile, representing the 20th District.

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
Saint-Sébastien, Montérégie
Saint-Sébastien (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sebastjɛ̃]) is a municipality in Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 692.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Spanish parliamentarism
Spanish parliamentarism is a tradition of political representation, legislative activity and governmental control, or parliamentary control of the government, that dates back to the medieval Cortes and the Ancien Régime, in a manner equivalent to the parliamentary system of other Western European nation-states (the Parliament of England or the Estates General of France).

Cortes of Castile and León
The Cortes of Castile and León (Spanish: Cortes de Castilla y León) is the elected unicameral legislature of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León.

The tradition of the regional Cortes is traced back to the Royal Council (Latin: Curia Regis) of León (1188). The Curia Regis was a king's summons of the estates of the realm. Although the practical outcome of the Curia Regis of 1188 is still disputed, its charter seems to be an early move towards the rule of constitutional law, much like Magna Carta. The  Cortes of Castile and León is seated in the city of Valladolid.
Barbara Sanguszko
Barbara Urszula Sanguszko, née Dunin (pseudonym: A Dame; A definite Polish dame; definitely a worthy dowager; 4 February 1718 – 2 October 1791 in Warsaw) was a Polish noblewoman, poet, translator, and moralist during the Enlightenment in Poland. She organised and hosted a salon in Poddębice, where the gathering of intellectuals, artists and politicians was modelled after French 18th-century salons. Sanguszko was known for her piety and philanthropy. She was the third wife of the much older magnate and Grand Marshal of Lithuania, Duke Paweł Karol Sanguszko (1682–1750).

Polish Enlightenment
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Liberty) were in deep crisis. The period of Polish Enlightenment began in the 1730s–40s, peaked in the reign of Poland's last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764-1795), went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) – a national tragedy inspiring a short period of sentimental writing – and ended in 1822, replaced by Romanticism.
Moldovan Liga
The Moldovan Liga, officially known as Liga 7777 for sponsorship reasons, is an association football league that is the top division of Moldovan football league system. The competition was established in 1992, when Moldova became independent from the Soviet Union. It was formed in place of former Soviet republican competitions that existed since 1945. Before the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1940, clubs from modern Moldova competed in the Romanian football competitions.

There are currently eight teams in the competition. At the end of the season, the bottom club is relegated to Liga 1 and replaced by the lower league's champion.

Sheriff Tiraspol – located in Transnistria – is the most successful league club with 21 titles, followed by Zimbru Chișinău with eight wins and Milsami Orhei with two wins. Constructorul Chișinău, Dacia Chișinău and Petrocub Hîncești also won the title on one occasion each.

Independence of Moldova
The independence of Moldova was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations.  The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States. Moldova became fully independent from the Soviet Union that December, and joined the United Nations three months later.
Shilov boundary
In functional analysis, the Shilov boundary is the smallest   closed subset of the structure space of a commutative Banach algebra where an analog of the maximum modulus principle holds. It is named after its discoverer, Georgii Evgen'evich Shilov.

Maximum modulus principle
In mathematics, the maximum modulus principle in complex analysis states that if  is a holomorphic function, then the modulus
 cannot exhibit a strict maximum that is strictly within the domain of .

In other words, either  is locally a constant function, or, for any point  inside the domain of  there exist other points arbitrarily close to  at which  takes larger values.
Arab Belt project
The Arab Belt (Arabic: الحزام العربي, romanized: al-hizām al-ʿarabī; Kurdish: که‌مبه‌را عه‌ره‌بی, romanized: Kembera Erebî) was a project undertaken by Ba'athist Syria, which aimed to Arabize the northern areas of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, to the detriment of other ethnic groups, particularly the Kurds.

It primarily involved the expulsion of Kurds from public land used as pasture, and the settlement of Arabs, in their place. The program was implemented in 1973; deporting around 140,000 Kurds and confiscating their lands around a 180-mile strip. Thousands of Arabs—around 4,000 families who were displaced by the creation of Euphrates Lake in Raqqa—were then granted these lands to establish settlements.

Terrier Plan
The Terrier Plan was a demographic, political and cultural engineering project promoting Kurdish immigration from Turkey and settlement in northeastern Syria by the French Mandate authorities within their larger  "divide and rule" policy.
Nevyansk Icon Museum
The Nevyansk Icon Museum (Russian: Музей «Невьянская икона») in Yekaterinburg, Russia, is a private museum of icons in Russia. More than 300 Nevyansk icons of the 18th to the 20th centuries are on display there. Entrance is free for everyone.

The museum was opened in 1999 by Yevgeny Roizman. According to Chief Curator Maksim Borovik, in its first five years, more than 200,000 persons visited it. The main purpose of the museum is to save the phenomenon of the Nevyansk icon.

Nevyansk
Nevyansk (Russian: Невья́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Nevyansky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Neyva River (Ob's basin) on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals, 97 kilometers (60 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 24,567 (2010 census); 26,644 (2002 census); 29,764 (1989 Soviet census); 29,800 (1970).
1987 Morley-Swan state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Morley-Swan in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia was held on 9 May 1987. It was triggered by the resignation of Arthur Tonkin (the sitting Labor member) on 18 March 1987. The election was won by Labor's Frank Donovan, with the party suffering a small swing against it from the 1986 state election.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.