hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Youth leadership
Youth leadership is the practice of teens exercising authority over themselves or others.

Youth leadership has been elaborated upon as a theory of youth development in which young people gain skills and knowledge necessary to lead civic engagement, education reform and community organizing activities. Countless programs around the world seek to teach young people particular skills associated with leadership, particularly those programs associate with youth voice or youth empowerment. According to the study, it should increase the capacity of both individuals and communities.

Models of youth leadership focus on several aspects, including youth voice, youth empowerment and youth engagement for young people of color, low-income youth and youth of other diverse identities and abilities.

Civic engagement
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and improve the quality of community life.

Civic engagement is "a process in which people take collective action to address issues of public concern" and is "instrumental to democracy". Underrepresentation in government can lead to the concerns of minority, low-income, and younger populations being overlooked. In turn, issues for higher voting groups are addressed more frequently, causing more bills to be passed to fix these problems.
Paul Shomshor
Paul C. Shomshor, Jr. (born April 10, 1967) is a former Iowa State Representative from the 100th District. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003, when he was elected in a special election, until 2011.  He received his BA and MA from Baylor University.

During his last term in the Iowa House, Shomshor served on the Agriculture, Commerce, and (until November 9, 2009) State Government committees. He also served as the chair of the Ways and Means Committee and as a member of the Health and Human Services Appropriations Subcommittee. His prior political experience includes serving on the Council Bluffs City Council from 1997–2001 and running for the United States House of Representatives in 2002.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Reichszeugmeisterei
48°6′6.5″N 11°35′0.8″E﻿ / ﻿48.101806°N 11.583556°E﻿ / 48.101806; 11.583556

The Reichszeugmeisterei (German: [ˈʁaɪçs.tsɔʏkmaɪstəˌʁaɪ]; RZM), formally located in Munich, was the first and eventually the primary Zeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), as well as the national material control office of Nazi Germany. It replaced the SA-Wirtschaftsstelle, the purchasing agency of the Sturmabteilung.

Quartermaster
Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is an officer or enlisted soldier who supervises logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distributes supplies and provisions. In many navies, a quartermaster is a seaman or petty officer with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the Quartiermeister. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the quarterdeck" where the helmsman and captain controlled the ship.  The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître and kwartier-meester, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.
Janet Davis
Janet Davis is a former city councillor in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She represented Ward 31 Beaches-East York (now Ward 19), the northern portion of Beaches—East York, from 2003 to 2018. She is well known for her work on affordable day care and preserving public pools in the city.

Before her election to Council she served as president of the Ontario Coalition for Better Child Care, she also spent fifteen years developing child care at the Toronto District School Board and also served as senior policy advisor to the Minister of Education.

On June 13, 2018, Davis announced that she was not running for another term in the October 2018 municipal election after 15 years in office.

Toronto City Council
Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022.
Carl Attems
Carl August Graf Attems-Petzenstein (13 October 1868 in Graz, Austria – 19 April 1952 in Vienna) was an Austrian myriapodologist and invertebrate zoologist. He published 138 scientific papers, most of them dealing with his specialist field, the myriapods. He described about 1800 new species and subspecies from all over the world.

Pyrgodesmidae
Pyrgodesmidae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. This family is one of the largest families of millipedes, with more than 170 genera, including about 120 monotypic genera. These genera include almost 400 species.
1956 Tour of Flanders
The 40th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Easter Monday, 2 April 1956. French rider Jean Forestier won the race after a late breakaway from a 30-strong group in Wetteren. Sprint specialist Stan Ockers won the sprint for second place; Leon Van Daele was third. 37 of 122 riders finished.

Easter Monday
Easter Monday is the second day of Eastertide and a public holiday in more than 50 predominantly Christian countries. In Western Christianity it marks the second day of the Octave of Easter; in Eastern Christianity it marks the second day of Bright Week.
Bad Schwanberg
Bad Schwanberg (German: [baːt ʃvaːnbɛɐk]; Slovene: Labodovec) is a market town in the Austrian state of Styria, in the district of Deutschlandsberg. It is situated on the eastern slopes of the Koralpe mountain range on the river Schwarze Sulm (Black Sulm), a major tributary of the river Sulm.

Schwanberg was expanded as part of the Styria municipal structural reform, at the end of 2014, by merging with the former municipalities Hollenegg, Gressenberg and Garanas, but continuing with the name "Schwanberg" until it was finally renamed "Bad Schwanberg" from 1 March 2020.

Styria municipal structural reform
The Styria municipal structural reform (German: Steiermärkische Gemeindestrukturreform) was a local government reform in the Austrian state of Styria, which was made effective January 1, 2015. The reform nearly halved the number of Styrian municipalities from 542 to 287. The reform was intended to reduce costs and ease election of new town officials. The terms of the reform is formalized in the Styrian Municipality Structural Reform Act. (StGsrG). The law was adopted on December 17, 2013 by the Landtag of Styria, and promulgated on April 2, 2014.
Bjorkman
Bjorkman or Björkman is a Swedish-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Björkman (1869–1960), Swedish sport shooter

Carl Björkman (politician) (1873–1948), Finnish politician

Christer Björkman (born 1957), Swedish singer

Ernie Bjorkman, U.S. television presenter

Frances Maule Bjorkman (1879–1956), National Woman Suffrage Association

George Bjorkman (born 1956), U.S. baseball player

Gustav Björkman (born 1976), Swedish bandy player

Jan Björkman (born 1950), Swedish politician

Jesse Bjorkman, American politician from Alaska

Jonas Björkman (born 1972), Swedish tennis player

Karen Bjorkman, American astronomer

Pamela J. Bjorkman, U.S. biologist

Stig Björkman (born 1938), Swedish writer and film critic

Tönnes Björkman (1888–1959), Swedish sport shooter

Jesse Bjorkman
Jesse J. Bjorkman is an American politician. He is a Republican member of the Alaska Senate, representing District D since his election in 2022. Bjorkman represents the northern Kenai Peninsula including Kenai, Soldotna, Nikiski, and Sterling. He is the chair of the Senate Labor and Commerce Committee.

Bjorkman is a former Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly Member and government teacher at Nikiski High School.
Gittleman
Gittleman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Louise Gittleman (born 1949), American author and proponent of alternative medicine, especially fad diets

Joe Gittleman (born 1968), American musician

Ann Louise Gittleman
Ann Louise Gittleman (born June 27, 1949) is an American author and proponent of alternative medicine, especially fad diets. She regards herself as a nutritionist.  Gittleman has written more than two dozen books and is known for The Fat Flush Plan, a "detox" diet and exercise program that she developed into a series of books. Gittleman's ideas on health and nutrition are regarded as pseudoscience.
Oltipraz
Oltipraz is an organosulfur compound belonging to the dithiolethione class. It acts as a schistosomicide and has been shown in rodent models to inhibit the formation of cancers in the bladder, blood, colon, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, stomach, and trachea, skin, and mammary tissue. Clinical trials of oltipraz have failed to demonstrate efficacy and have shown significant side effects, including neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Oltipraz has also been shown to generate superoxide radicals, which can be toxic.

Superoxide
In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O−2. The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−). The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O2, which occurs widely in nature. Molecular oxygen (dioxygen) is a diradical containing two unpaired electrons, and superoxide results from the addition of an electron which fills one of the two degenerate molecular orbitals, leaving a charged ionic species with a single unpaired electron and a net negative charge of −1. Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are free radicals that exhibit paramagnetism. Superoxide was historically also known as "hyperoxide".
Chase Depot
Chase Depot is a passenger train station in Chase, Alaska. The area offers service for the Alaska Railroad's Aurora Winter Train. The station is primarily used for hikers and backpackers traveling through the remote area of Chase. The station opened in 1922.

Chase, Alaska
Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. Located 9.2 miles north from Talkeetna, it is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 19 at the 2020 census, down from 34 in 2010.
Chocklet
Chocklet is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film directed by A. Venkatesh with  the story penned by and produced by R. Madhesh. Starring Prashanth and debutant Jaya Re in the lead roles, the film also has Livingston, Suhasini, Mumtaj (dual role) and Nagendra Prasad in supporting roles, while the score and soundtrack are composed by Deva. The film opened on 7 September 2001 and became a commercial success.

Nagendra Prasad
Nagendra Prasad (born 19 December 1975) is an Indian dance choreographer, actor and director who works in Tamil and Kannada films. He is the youngest son of dance master Mugur Sundar, and younger brother to popular cine artistes Prabhu Deva and Raju Sundaram.
Pınarbaşı, Bismil
Pınarbaşı (Kurdish: Matarê; Syriac: Maṭarī) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bismil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Barava tribe and had a population of 218 in 2022.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Hindavi Swarajya
Hindavi Swarajya (Hindavī Svarājya; "self-rule of Hindu people") is a term attributed to Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. After Shivaji's death, the term swarajya came into widespread use, without "Hindavi" but rather associated with "Maratha". According to André Wink, the term Maratha Swarajya meant a form of zamindari sovereignty, not necessarily attached to any particular territory.

The term Swaraj was later adopted by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, one of the early leaders of the Indian independence movement against the British Empire.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Marathi: बाळ गंगाधर टिळक pronunciationⓘ; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: [keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək]); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist and self-rule activist in the Indian independence movement. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. The honorific "Lokmanya" (meaning "accepted by the people as their leader") was applied to him by his supporters.

Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with the leaders of the "New Party" (Nationalists), joining forces with Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose to advocate for self-rule. He also worked with V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who later oversaw Pakistan's independence from British rule.
Philippe Cimadomo
Philippe François Michel Cimadomo (born 5 December 1959) is a French businessman and racing driver currently competing in the European Le Mans Series with TDS Racing x Vaillante. He is notable for being excluded from competing at the 2022 24 Hours of Le Mans after being involved in a number of incidents during practice.

Cimadomo was the CEO of French software company Metrologic Group, which he co-founded in 1980.

TDS Racing
TDS Racing (Top Drive Services, formerly known as Pouchelon Racing) is a French auto racing team, currently competing in the European Le Mans Series, FIA World Endurance Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Gregorio de Falco
Gregorio Maria de Falco (born 8 March 1965) is an Italian naval officer and politician who was formerly a member of the Italian Senate. He is best known for his career in the Italian Navy, which saw his intervention in the attempt to solve the Costa Concordia disaster in January 2012.

Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare, lit. 'Military Navy'; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.
Gerhard Rempe
Gerhard Rempe (born 22 April 1956) is a German physicist, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Honorary Professor at the Technical University of Munich. He has performed pioneering experiments in atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics and quantum information processing.

Molecular physics
Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and molecular dynamics. The field overlaps significantly with physical chemistry, chemical physics, and quantum chemistry. It is often considered as a sub-field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Research groups studying molecular physics are typically designated as one of these other fields. Molecular physics addresses phenomena due to both molecular structure and individual atomic processes within molecules. Like atomic physics, it relies on a combination of classical and quantum mechanics to describe interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter. Experiments in the field often rely heavily on techniques borrowed from atomic physics, such as spectroscopy and scattering.
Fierceness
Fierceness (foaled March 28, 2021) is a retired champion American Thoroughbred racehorse. In 2023 the two-year-old colt won the Grade 1 Breeders' Cup Juvenile at Santa Anita Park en route to being named champion juvenile of 2023. In 2024 he won the Grade I Florida Derby by a record 13+1⁄2 lengths and later that year also the Travers Stakes.

Aqueduct Racetrack
Aqueduct Racetrack is a Thoroughbred horse racing facility and casino in the South Ozone Park and Jamaica neighborhoods of Queens, New York City, United States. Aqueduct is the only racetrack within New York City limits. Its races usually run from late October/early November through April.

The track has three courses: the main track (dirt), with a circumference of 1+1⁄8 miles (1.8 km), whose infield holds the 1 mile (1.6 km) Main Turf Course and the Inner Turf Course, measuring 7.065 furlongs (1.421 km). The track has seating capacity of 17,000 and total capacity of 40,000.

The racetrack and the adjacent headquarters of the New York Racing Association (NYRA) sit on a 172-acre (70 ha) site controlled by the New York State Franchise Oversight Board, which leases about 72.6 acres (29.4 ha) to the Resorts World New York City casino and hotel.
Gdzie wschodzi słońce i kędy zapada
Gdzie slonce wschodzi i kedy zapada ("From the Rising of the Sun") is a poetry collection by Czesław Miłosz. It was first published in 1974. The title poem takes its name from a line of Psalm 113 of the Bible, rendered in the King James version as "From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the Lord's name is to be praised".

In a review of Milosz's collected works in The Guardian, Nicholas Wroe singled out the "stunning" final poem of From the Rising of the Sun, "Bells in Winter", saying that it "becomes an act of magnanimity, an act of salvation" and "culminates in an extraordinary Biblical vision of destruction and return".

Psalm 113
Psalm 113 is the 113th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Praise ye the Lord, O ye servants of the Lord". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In Latin, it is known as 'Laudate pueri Dominum".

In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the bible and in the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 112.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. In Judaism, it is the first of the six psalms comprising the Hallel, a prayer of praise and thanksgiving recited on Rosh Chodesh (the first day of the Hebrew month) and Jewish holidays. In Catholicism, it is one of the psalms included in the vespers service. It has been set to music often, notably by Claudio Monteverdi in his Vespro della Beata Vergine of 1610.
The Shell Seekers
The Shell Seekers is a 1987 novel by Rosamunde Pilcher. It became one of her most famous best-sellers. It was nominated by the British public in 2003 as one of the top 100 novels in the BBC's Big Read. In Germany the novel is called Die Muschelsucher and was also in the top 100 novels. The novel sold more than five million copies worldwide, and was adapted for the stage and as a film for television twice.

The Big Read
The Big Read was a survey on books that was carried out by the BBC in the United Kingdom in 2003, when over three-quarters of a million votes were received from the British public to find the nation's best-loved novel. The year-long survey was the biggest single test of public reading taste to date, and culminated with several programmes hosted by celebrities advocating their favourite books.
Ludwig W. Adamec
Ludwig W. Adamec (10 March 1924 – 1 January 2019) was an Austrian scholar on the Middle East and Afghanistan. He was a professor emeritus in the School of Middle East and North African Studies at the University of Arizona. He wrote and edited numerous books, including the republication of the monumental Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, which had originally been compiled but was unpublished by the government in British India.

Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
German submarine U-767
German submarine U-767 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 5 April 1941 by Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven as yard number 150, launched on 10 July 1943 and commissioned on 11 September 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Walter Dankleff.

Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven
Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven ([ˈkʁiːksmaˌʁiːnə.vɛʁft ˌvɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfn̩], lit. 'War Navy Shipyard', known 1918–35 as Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven)  was, between 1918 and 1945, a naval shipyard in the German Navy's extensive base at Wilhelmshaven, (80 miles (130 km) west of Hamburg).
Alan J. Hawkins (academic)
Alan J. Hawkins (born July 8, 1955) is a professor in the Brigham Young University (BYU) School of Family Life, a division of the university's College of Home Family and Social Sciences. He is the Camilla E. Kimball professor of family life at BYU.

Hawkins was one of the witnesses brought by the state of Iowa to argue in court against same-sex marriage.

Hawkins has done extensive research and written many publications on the role of fathers in child development, as well as on the role of pre-marital counseling and classes and other laws to reduce divorce rates.  Hawkins currently serves as the chair of the Utah Commission on Marriage and as a member of the advisory board of the National Center for African American Marriages and Families at Hampton University.

BYU College of Family, Home and Social Sciences
The BYU College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences is a college located on the Provo, Utah campus of Brigham Young University and is housed in the Spencer W. Kimball Tower and Joseph F. Smith Building. The BYU College of Family Living was organized on June 28, 1951, while the BYU College of Social Sciences was organized in 1970.  These two colleges merged to form the current college in 1981. The first dean of the college was Martin B. Hickman. The college includes nine major departments: Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Psychology, The School of Family Life, Social Work, and Sociology. There are 21 different majors and 21 different minors that students can choose from, including 9 majors that have a correlating minor.