hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ithel Davies
Ithel Davies (1894 – 1989) was a Welsh political activist and barrister.

Born in Aberystwyth, Davies was a conscientious objector during World War I.  He joined the Labour Party, and stood unsuccessfully for it in the University of Wales seat at the 1935 United Kingdom general election.  From 1934 until 1936, Davies served on the executive of the Socialist League.

During World War II, Davies and D. N. Pritt worked together to obtain the release of T. E. Nicholas, a conscientious objector who had been falsely accused of being a fascist.  After the war, Davies became active in the Welsh nationalist movement.  He became the leading figure in the Welsh Republican Movement, a split from Plaid Cymru, and stood for it in Ogmore at the 1950 United Kingdom general election, taking only 1.3% of the vote.

University of Wales (UK Parliament constituency)
University of Wales was a university constituency electing one member to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 1918 to 1950. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP), elected under the first-past-the-post voting system.
Shire of Dundas
The Shire of Dundas is a local government area in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The shire covers an area of 93,179 km2 (35,977 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Norseman. Its territory lies between Norseman and the border with South Australia (including much of the Eyre Highway), and is between 700 and 1,500 km (430 and 930 mi) east of the state capital, Perth.

Western Australian borders
The land border of Western Australia (WA) bisects mainland Australia nominally along the 129th meridian east longitude (129° east). That land border divides WA from the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA).  The actual border (as surveyed and marked or otherwise indicated on the ground)  deviates from 129° east and is not a single straight line.

The Western Australian town closest to the border is Kununurra, which lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the border with the NT. The settlement outside WA that is closest to the border is Border Village, SA, which adjoins the border; the centre of Border Village is about 250 metres (820 ft) from the border, on the Eyre Highway.
Five Stars: Intervision
Five Stars: Intervision (Russian: Пять звёзд. Интервидение), also known as the Intervision Song Contest 2008, was an international song competition that took place at Festivalny concert hall in Sochi, Russia. Eligible countries that competed in the contest were from the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and former Soviet Republics. Although it takes the name from the former Intervision Song Contest, and it was announced as a revival of it; it has a different organiser, format, and set of participating countries than the original contests; as well as from "Intervision 2025".

Eleven countries confirmed their participation in the contest.

Music competition
A music competition is a public event designed to identify and award outstanding musical ensembles, soloists, composers, conductors, musicologists or compositions. Pop music competitions are music competitions which are held to find pop starlets.

Examples of music competitions in popular music include the Eurovision Song Contest, the Sanremo Music Festival, Open Mic UK, the All-Japan Band Association annual contest, Live and Unsigned, and American Idol.
American SAFE Act of 2015
The SAFE Act (full title American Security Against Foreign Enemies Act of 2015) was a United States legislative proposal for Syrian and Iraqi refugees that would require extra background investigation before entry into the US.

Additional procedure to authorize admission for each refugee

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) certifies they received a background investigation sufficient to determine whether the refugee is a U.S. security threat, to both the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Director of National Intelligence.

The Department of Homeland Security, FBI and Director of National Intelligence unanimously certify to Congress that the refugee not such a threat.

The bill was first introduced in the House on November 17, 2015, H.R. 4038 by Michael McCaul. It was passed by the House, but on January 20, 2016, it failed cloture in the senate (also known as a filibuster.)

Michael McCaul
Michael Thomas McCaul Sr. (born January 14, 1962) is an American politician, attorney, and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Texas's 10th congressional district since 2005. A member of the Republican Party, he chaired the House Committee on Homeland Security during the 113th, 114th, and 115th Congresses. His district includes both Austin to Houston.

McCaul became the chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee in the 118th Congress in 2023.

On September 14, 2025, McCaul announced he would not be seeking re-election in 2026.
W.A. Gaines and Company
W.A. Gaines and Company was a liquor (distilled beverage) company that specialized in American-made whiskeys. Originally started as the partnership Gaines, Berry & Co. in 1862, it was reorganized in 1868 as W.A. Gaines and Company and later became a joint stock company in 1887. Among the company's investors and officers was Edson Bradley.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
Mark Costello (Iowa politician)
Mark Costello (born October 24, 1961) is the Iowa State Senator from the 8th District. A Republican, he has served in the Iowa Senate since being elected in 2014. He had also previously served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2013–2014.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
1995 Abruzzo regional election
The Abruzzo regional election of 1995 took place on 23 April 1995.

For the first time the President of the Region was directly elected by the people, although the election was not yet binding and the President-elect could have been replaced during the term.

Antonio Falconio (Italian People's Party) was elected President of the Region, defeating Piergiorgio Landini (Forza Italia) by a narrow margin.

Antonio Falconio
Antonio Falconio (26 May 1938 – 22 December 2021) was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democracy party and later the Italian People's Party, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1983 and was President of Abruzzo from 1995 to 2000.

Falconio died on 22 December 2021, at the age of 83.
Duke of Ávila and Bolama
This was a Portuguese nobility title granted by King Luís I of Portugal to António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama, a remarkable Portuguese politician and ambassador during the liberal period.

Originally, the title was granted, in 1864 as Count of Ávila (in Portuguese Conde de Ávila) and it was successively upgraded, by the same King, to Marquis of Ávila and Bolama (Marquês de Ávila e Bolama) in 1870, and finally by a royal decree dated from May 14, 1878, to Duke of Ávila and Bolama (Duque de Ávila e Bolama).

This was the first Dukedom to be granted to a commoner; in Portugal the title of Duke was traditionally granted to members of high nobility and especially to members of the royal family, such as the second sons of monarchs.

Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu
Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were Indian freedom fighters and brothers who led the Santhal Rebellion (1855–1856), an uprising that took place in present-day Jharkhand and parts of Bengal, including Purulia, Birbhum, and Bankura, in eastern India. The rebellion was aimed at resisting British colonial rule and the exploitative zamindari system.

Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes also Company Raj, from Hindi rāj, lit. 'rule') was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and replaced with Mir Jafar, who had the support of the East India Company; or in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company abolished local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal and established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General of Fort William, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Government of India Act 1858, the India Office of the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.
Wichard von Alvensleben
Wichard von Alvensleben (19 May 1902 – 14 August 1982) was a German agriculturist, Wehrmacht Officer, and Knight of the Order of Saint John.  He was a member of the aristocratic House of Alvensleben, one of the oldest in Germany.

As a captain,  Alvensleben commanded the Wehrmacht troops stationed at Bozen, in April 1945, whence he led a detachment of infantry to liberate a group of high-status prisoners being held by the SS at Niederdorf in the Italian Tyrol. His brother, SS-Colonel Ludolf Jakob von Alvensleben, was commander (SS and Police Leader) of all SS troops in the area (Adria-West) at that time.

SS and Police Leader
The title of SS and Police Leader (German: SS- und Polizeiführer) designated a senior Nazi Party official who commanded various components of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; regular uniformed police), before and during World War II in the German Reich proper and in the occupied territories.
2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles
Stéphanie Foretz Gacon and Kristina Mladenovic were the defending champions, but Mladenovic chose not to participate. Foretz Gacon partnered up with Julie Coin, but they lost in the first round to Magda Linette and Katarzyna Piter.

Catalina Castaño and Mervana Jugić-Salkić won the title, defeating Petra Cetkovská and Renata Voráčová in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Julie Coin
Julie Coin (French pronunciation: [ʒyli kwɛ̃]; born 2 December 1982) is a retired French tennis player.

Coin recorded the biggest win of her career by defeating the then-world No. 1 ranked Ana Ivanovic at the 2008 US Open. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 60, achieved on 27 July 2009. She peaked at No. 49 in the doubles rankings on 19 April 2010.
FetLife
FetLife is a social networking website that serves people interested in BDSM, fetishism, and kink. It distinguishes itself from competitors by emphasizing itself as a social network rather than a dating site.

Sexual fetishism
Sexual fetishism is a sexual fixation on anything not considered sexual by its respective nature. The object of interest is called the fetish; the person who has a fetish is a fetishist. A sexual fetish may be regarded as a mental disorder if it causes significant psychosocial distress for the person or has detrimental effects on important areas of their life. Sexual arousal from a particular body part can be further classified as partialism.

Medical definitions restrict the term sexual fetishism to objects or body parts. In common language, fetish is also used for a sexual interest in specific activities, people, types of people, substances, or situations.
1976 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1976 United States presidential election in Montana was part of the 1976 United States presidential election, which took place on November 2, 1976. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Montana voted for the Republican nominee, President Gerald Ford, over the Democratic nominee, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. Ford won Montana by a margin of 7.44%. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which McCone County and Wibaux County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. Carter became the first ever Democrat to win the White House without carrying Daniels, Judith Basin, Pondera, Teton, or Toole Counties, as well as the first to do so without carrying Cascade County since Grover Cleveland in 1892, and the first to do so without carrying Chouteau or Valley Counties since Woodrow Wilson in 1912.

Valley County, Montana
Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. Valley County was created in 1893 with area partitioned from Dawson County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,578. Its county seat is Glasgow. It is located on the Canada–United States border with Saskatchewan.
Oreino, Lasithi
Oreino (Greek: Ορεινό) is a small village in Lasithi regional unit on Crete, Greece. It is situated 28 kilometers northeast of Ierapetra and lies 10 kilometers from the Cretan south coast. Since 2011, it is part of the Ierapetra municipality. It is situated at 650 meters above sea level ('oreinos' means mountainous in Greek), east of the Thrypti mountains, in an area rich in vegetation. A gorge with the same name is also part of the village and contained a neo-Byzantine church with frescos.

Some scholars believe that the father of the poet Dionysios Solomos was from Oreino, based on an alternative place name Solomika, as well as the remains of a tower where the Solomon family is believed to have lived prior to the Ottoman conquest of Crete in 1669.

Dionysios Solomos
Dionysios Solomos (/ˈsɒləmɒs/; Greek: Διονύσιος Σολωμός [ði.oˈnisios soloˈmos]; 8 April 1798 – 9 February 1857) was a Greek poet from Zakynthos, who is considered to be Greece's national poet. He is best known for writing the Hymn to Liberty (Greek: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían), which was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros and became the Greek and Cypriot national anthem in 1865 and 1966 respectively. He was the central figure of the Heptanese School of poetry. He is considered the national poet of Greece, not only because he wrote the national anthem, but also because he contributed to the preservation of earlier poetic tradition and highlighted its usefulness to modern literature. Other notable poems include Ὁ Κρητικός (The Cretan), Ἐλεύθεροι Πολιορκημένοι (The Free Besieged). A characteristic of his work is that no poem except the Hymn to Liberty was completed, and almost nothing was published during his lifetime.
Ali Bujsaim
Ali Mohamed Bujsaim (Arabic: علي بوجسيم, born September 9, 1959, in Dubai) is a retired association football referee from the United Arab Emirates, who is best known for supervising matches at three FIFA World Cups: 1994 (two matches), 1998 (three matches) and 2002 (two matches).

In 2002, he was a referee in the Argentina-Sweden match, he gave a red card to Claudio Caniggia for cursing at him, making Caniggia the first player in world cup history to be sent off while still at the bench.

Claudio Caniggia
Claudio Paul Caniggia (Spanish: [ˈklawðjo kaˈnixja, - kaˈniʝa]; born 9 January 1967) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as forward or winger. Caniggia played 50 times for the Argentina national team. He appeared in three World Cups, and was a member of both rival clubs River Plate and Boca Juniors.

At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Caniggia scored two goals to help Argentina reach the final but was suspended for the final against West Germany.

Caniggia also scored two goals at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in a first-round match against Nigeria.

As well as appearing for River Plate and Boca Juniors, his other clubs include Atalanta, Benfica, Dundee and Rangers. Throughout his playing career, he played for clubs in Argentina, Italy, Portugal, Scotland and Qatar.
AT-3
AT-3 may be:

AT III, a protein in the coagulation system that is activated by Heparin

AT-3 (jet trainer) of the Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan)

AT-3 plane, Very Light Aircraft

AT-3 Sagger, Soviet anti-tank missile

AT-3 (MATH-MATIC) compiler for UNIVAC mainframe computers

.at3, extension for audio files compressed with Sony's ATRAC3 algorithm

Ar tonelico Qoga: Knell of Ar Ciel, a role-playing game for the PlayStation 3

MATH-MATIC
MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the AT-3 (Algebraic Translator 3) compiler, an early programming language for the UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II.

MATH-MATIC was written beginning around 1955 by a team led by Charles Katz under the direction of Grace Hopper. A preliminary manual was produced in 1957 and a final manual the following year.

Syntactically, MATH-MATIC was similar to Univac's contemporaneous business-oriented language, FLOW-MATIC, differing in providing algebraic-style expressions and floating-point arithmetic, and arrays rather than record structures.
Deniss Pavlovs
Deniss Pavlovs (born 15 April 1983) is a former Latvian tennis player who competed on the ATP Challenger Tour. On 20 July 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 263, whilst his highest doubles ranking of 155 was reached on 23 September 2009.

Pavlovs represented his native country Latvia while competing in the Davis Cup. He had a singles record of 7–7 and a doubles record of 9–6, for a total Davis Cup record of 16–13.

Deniss has reached 12 career singles finals resulting in 4 wins and 8 runners up. In addition, he has reached 56 career doubles finals, winning 33 and losing 23, including a 2–4 record in ATP Challenger Tour finals.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Masanori Nishio
Masanori Nishio (西尾 正範, Nishio Masanori; 3 January 1949 – 28 May 2022) was a Japanese politician.

Nishio was born in Ōno, Hokkaidō, now part of the city of Hokuto. After graduating Kyoto University, he became a public servant in 1973. He was appointed deputy mayor of Hakodate by its then-mayor Hiroshi Inoue (politician) in July 2003, but resigned himself in December 2006 due to a rift with the mayor over the construction of a retirement home. He beat Inoue in the mayoral election held on 22 April 2007, and took office on 27 April.

Hokuto, Hokkaido
Hokuto (北斗市, Hokuto-shi) is a city in the center of the Oshima Subprefecture in Japan's northern island of Hokkaido. It serves as a bedroom community for Hakodate, to the east of the city. Hokuto was formed on February 1, 2006, from merging the town of Kamiiso, from Kamiiso District, and the town of Ōno, from Kameda District. Hokuto is the third city to be established in Oshima. (The second, Kameda, no longer exists, being dissolved just two years after its founding in 1971). Hokuto is the second largest city in Oshima by population after the city of Hakodate.
Bayan Baru (federal constituency)
Bayan Baru is a federal constituency in Northeast Penang Island District and Southwest Penang Island District, Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Southwest District (Penang)
The Southwest District is a district in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. The district covers the southwestern half of Penang Island and borders the Northeast District. Both districts fall under the jurisdiction of the Penang Island City Council.
Fredrik Löwegren
Fredrik Löwegren (born 18 September 1973) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He received a bronze medal in the relay event at the 2000 European Orienteering Championships in Truskavets, and a silver medal in 2002. He placed 46th in the overall Orienteering World Cup in 1996, 13th in 1998, 23rd in 2000, and 17th in 2002.

He won the 5-days event O-Ringen in 1999.

Löwegren became Junior World Champion in relay in 1991.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Stefan Böger
Stefan Böger (born 1 June 1966) is a German former professional football player and a coach who last managed Hallescher FC.

He played 239 top flight matches in Germany – 110 in the Oberliga in the GDR and 129 in the Bundesliga after German reunification. He won four caps for East Germany in the final year of its existence.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Marie of Brabant, Queen of France
Marie of Brabant (13 May 1254 – 12 January 1322) was Queen of France from 1274 until 1285 as the second wife of King Philip III. Born in Leuven, Brabant, she was a daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy.

Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant of 1085–1183, and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries. The Duchy comprised part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt of 1566–1648.

The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ceded present-day North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until French Revolutionary forces conquered it in 1794 — a change recognized by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.

Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are divided between Belgium and the Dutch province of North Brabant.