hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scottish Independence Convention
The Scottish Independence Convention (SIC) is a cross-party, non-partisan group with the aim of bringing together pro-independence parties, groups and organisations to promote the concept and ideals of an independent Scotland. The current conveners are Iain Black and Maggie Chapman (ex- co-convener of the Scottish Green Party) .

The SIC was created in 2005 as a forum for those of all political persuasions and none who support independence, and to be a national catalyst for Scottish independence. With the election of the SNP in 2007, the SIC was largely on hiatus, with more informal meetings being held between pro-independence forces instead of being through SIC channels.

Yes Scotland
Yes Scotland was the organisation representing the parties, organisations, and individuals campaigning for a Yes vote in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It was launched on 25 May 2012 and dissolved in late 2014 after Scotland voted against independence.

Yes Scotland's chief executive was Blair Jenkins, and Dennis Canavan was the chair of its advisory board. Stephen Noon, a long term employee and policy writer of the SNP, was Yes Scotland's chief strategist. Its principal opponent in the independence campaign was the unionist Better Together campaign.

By the formal start of the referendum campaign period in May 2014, it had become the "biggest grassroots movement in Scottish political history", said Jenkins. The campaign did not win independence, but "transformed politics in Scotland", suggested The Herald.
William Tester
William Tester (born April 26, 1960) is an American short story writer and novelist. He was raised on a cattle ranch in Florida and is a graduate of Columbia University (B.A., 1984) and Syracuse University (M.F.A., 1995). He published the novel Darling in 1991 (ISBN 0-394-56872-9) and the story collection Head (ISBN 1-889330-48-5) in 2000. He is the recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship and The Mary McCarthy Prize. His short fiction and memoir excerpts have appeared in Esquire, Bomb, Nerve, TriQuarterly, The Quarterly, The North American Review, Witness and other literary journals. He taught writing at Columbia University, the State University of New York and Virginia Commonwealth University. He married artist and architectural designer Josefa Mulaire in May 1992.

North American Review
The North American Review (NAR) was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by poet William Tudor with the assistance of journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, after which it was inactive until revived at Cornell College in Iowa under Robert Dana in 1964. Since 1968, the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America.
One Productions
One Productions Limited, also known as the One Group, is a Maltese mass media and telecommunications company owned by the Labour Party.

Its operations include the television station One, radio service One Radio, and previously operated the DAB+ radio service KISS, and mobile virtual network operator Redtouch Fone.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).
Open Publication Distribution System
The Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS) catalog format is a syndication format for electronic publications based on Atom and HTTP. OPDS catalogs enable the aggregation, distribution, discovery, and acquisition of electronic publications. OPDS catalogs use existing or emergent open standards and conventions, with a priority on simplicity.

The Open Publication Distribution System specification is prepared by an informal grouping of partners, combining Internet Archive, O'Reilly Media, Feedbooks, OLPC, and others.

O'Reilly Media
O'Reilly Media, Inc. (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American learning company established by Tim O'Reilly that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an online learning platform. O'Reilly also publishes books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.
Adjacency algebra
In algebraic graph theory, the adjacency algebra of a graph G is the algebra of polynomials in the adjacency matrix A(G) of the graph. It is an example of a matrix algebra and is  the set  of the linear combinations of powers of A.

Some other similar mathematical objects are also called "adjacency algebra".

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
Sethubandhanam (film)
Sethubandhanam is a 1974 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by R. Somanathan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sukumari, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhasi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan. It is a remake of Tamil movie Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum, which itself was based on the 1961 film The Parent Trap - both based on the Erich Kästner's 1949 German novel Lisa and Lottie (German: Das doppelte Lottchen).

The Parent Trap (1961 film)
The Parent Trap is a 1961 American romantic comedy film written and directed by David Swift. It stars Hayley Mills in a dual role as a pair of teenage twins who switch places with each other in order to reunite their divorced parents, played by Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith. Although the plot is very close to that of the 1945 film Twice Blessed, The Parent Trap is based on the 1949 children's novel Das doppelte Lottchen by German author Erich Kästner.

Produced by Walt Disney Productions, The Parent Trap was released on June 21, 1961, by Buena Vista Distribution. It grossed $25.1 million at the box office and was nominated for two Academy Awards. It was broadcast on television, and three television sequels followed the later adventures of the twins. The film was remade in 1998 with Lindsay Lohan. It was released on VHS, in digital stereo LaserDisc format (1986), and on DVD (2002). The Parent Trap was the second of six films Mills made for Disney.
John Tully (Irish politician)
John Tully (15 November 1904 – 31 October 1977) was an Irish Clann na Poblachta politician. An insurance agent by profession, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Clann na Poblachta Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan constituency at the 1948 general election. He was re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections. He lost his seat at the 1961 general election but was re-elected at the 1965 general election.

After the 1965 election, while Seán MacBride was leader of Clann na Poblachta, Tully became the leader and sole member of the parliamentary party. The party was formally wound up later that year. He stood as an independent candidate at the 1969 general election but was not elected.

1965 Irish general election
The 1965 Irish general election to the 18th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 7 April, following the dissolution of the 17th Dáil on 18 March by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The general election took place in 38 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas. The governing Fianna Fáil saw a slight increase, though did not obtain a majority.

The 18th Dáil met at Leinster House on 21 April to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lemass was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 11th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Glenn Ricart
Glenn Ricart (born August 1, 1949) is a computer scientist.  
He was influential in the development of the Internet (ARPANET) going back to 1969 and early implementation of the TCP/IP protocol.  Since then he has been active in technology and business as well as donating his time to philanthropic and educational movements.

BITNET
BITNET was a co-operative university computer network in the United States founded in 1981 by Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University.  The first network link was between CUNY and Yale.
The Legend of Korra season 4
Book Four: Balance is the fourth and final season of the animated television series The Legend of Korra by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. It consists of thirteen episodes ("chapters"), all animated by South Korean animation studio Studio Mir. The episodes were made available on the Nick.com website and other online outlets every Friday beginning on October 3, 2014, and later aired on Nicktoons beginning on November 28, 2014. Critical reception of Book Four, as of the series in general, was positive.

Book Four is set three years after the previous season. It deals with Avatar Korra's journey of self-discovery following the trauma she suffered in Book Three, and with the security officer Kuvira's campaign to unite the Earth Kingdom under her authoritarian leadership.

The season is followed by the graphic novel trilogy The Legend of Korra: Turf Wars, which picks up immediately after the series finale.

Bryan Konietzko
Bryan Joseph Konietzko (born June 1, 1975) is an American animator, writer, producer and director. He is best known, together with Michael Dante DiMartino, as the co-creator and executive producer of the animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra.
The Refusal (painting)
The Refusal is an 1814 genre painting by the British artist David Wilkie. It depicts a scene inspired by the 1798 song "Duncan Gray" by Robert Burns. It portrays the proud Maggie having rejected an offer of marriage from her suitor Duncan Gray, although she later changes her mind. Wilkie's friend, the Irish painter William Mulready, was the model for Duncan Gray.

Wilkie, a Scottish-born painter who settled in England, became known for his genre paintings that drew artistic inspiration from the Dutch Old Masters of the seventeenth century. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1814 at Somerset House in London along with Wilkie's The Letter of Introduction. It is now in collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in South Kensington, having been donated as part of the Sheepshanks Gift by John Sheepshanks in 1857. A smaller version of the painting is in the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Diament, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Diament [ˈdjamɛnt] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Shiraito Falls (Yamagata)
Shiraito Falls (白糸の滝, Shiraito-no-taki) is a waterfall in the Furukuchi district of Tozawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, on a branch of the Mogami River. It is one of "Japan’s Top 100 Waterfalls", in a listing published by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment in 1990.

The Mogami River passes through the Mogami Gorge, dropping from 500 to 300 metres (1,640 to 980 ft) in altitude with a series of 48 waterfalls, of which the Shiraito Falls is the largest. At the base of the falls is a small chapel dedicated to Fudo Myoo and the Kusanagi Hot Springs are located nearby.

The site has a long history in Japanese literature, being featured in writings such as the Gikeiki and Oku no Hosomichi.

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
James Patrick (sociologist)
James Patrick (born c. 1943) is the pseudonym of a Scottish sociologist, which he used to publish a book A Glasgow Gang Observed. It attracted some attention in Scotland when it was published in 1973. It was based on research he had done in 1966, when he was aged 23.

At that time he was working as a doctor in an approved school, a Scottish reformatory. One gang member in the school, "Tim Malloy" (born 1950, also a pseudonym and a generic term for a Glasgow Catholic), agreed to infiltrate him into his gang in Maryhill in Glasgow. Patrick spent four months as a gang member, observing their behaviour.

A Glasgow Gang Observed was re-published in 2012 and 2013. He wrote a short preface for the 2013 edition, which clarified a few issues, although he continued to use his pseudonym.

Approved school
An approved school was a type of residential institution in the United Kingdom to which young people could be sent by a court, usually for committing offences but sometimes because they were deemed to be beyond parental control. They were modelled on ordinary boarding schools, from which it was relatively easy to leave without permission. This set approved schools apart from borstals, a tougher and more enclosed kind of youth prison.

The term came into general use in 1933 when approved schools were created out of the earlier "industrial" and "reformatory" schools. Following the Children and Young Persons Act 1969, they were replaced by Community Homes, with responsibility devolved to local councils; in Singapore, which by 1971, was no longer under British rule, the term approved schools continued to exist.
Robert Hall (New Brunswick politician)
Robert Arthur Hall (November 30, 1930 – June 7, 2016) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1982 to 1987, as a NDP member for the constituency of Tantramar. He was the first New Democrat to be elected to the legislature.

He had also served several terms on the village council of Port Elgin, New Brunswick, at one point having served as mayor of that community. Hall died in 2016 at the age of 85.

Port Elgin, New Brunswick
Port Elgin is a formerly incorporated village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located near the Nova Scotia border at the mouth of the Gaspereaux River where it empties into the Northumberland Strait's Baie Verte. It is the government centre of the Strait Shores district, which is a rural community type of local government.
Jaan Paan Liqueur
Jaan Paan Liqueur is a sweet paan-flavoured spirit/liqueur. It is made with neutral grain spirit, Canadian maple syrup and a blend of herbs and spices, excluding areca nut.

It is produced and bottled in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Jaan has an alcohol content of 25% (alc/vol) (50 proof) and in 2011 the Spirits International Prestige Awards gave it a Platinum Medal.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
End Titles... Stories for Film
End Titles... Stories for Film is a compilation album by British electronic music act Unkle, inspired by feature films created since Unkle's previous 2007 album War Stories, released on 7 July 2008 (2008-07-07). Unlike their previous album, the 2005 mix Edit Music for a Film: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Reconstruction, "End Titles..." is composed of original material. It features collaborators: Josh Homme (of Queens of the Stone Age), Black Mountain, Gavin Clark, Joel Cadbury (of South), James Petralli (of White Denim), War Stories producer Chris Goss, Dave Bateman, and James Griffith of Lake Trout/Unkle's touring band.

White Denim
White Denim is an American rock band from Austin, Texas, United States. Their music is influenced by dub, psychedelic rock, blues, punk rock, progressive rock, soul, jazz, experimental rock with home-based recording, jamming approach, intense looping work and unusual song structures.
Pleuroprucha insulsaria
Pleuroprucha insulsaria, the common tan wave moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae that was first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Texas and Colorado and north to Ontario. It ranges south through Mexico and Central America into South America (including Venezuela) and has been recorded as far south as the Galápagos Islands. It has also been recorded from the West Indies, including Jamaica.

The wingspan is 14-21  mm. Adults are on wing from March or April to October in the southern part of the range. In the north, adults have been recorded from June to October.

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Solanum dulcamara, Galium, Zea mays, Solidago, Castanea, Quercus and Salix species.

Galium
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.

Over 600 species of Galium are described, with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, Sherardia arvensis, is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff, G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.
Big Black River Railroad Bridge
Big Black River Railroad Bridge is a 465-foot-long (142 m) concrete open-spandrel arch bridge over the Big Black River built in 1917 near Bovina, Mississippi.  It spans the river between Warren County and Hinds County; the nearest settlements are Bovina (in Warren) and Edwards, Mississippi (in Hinds).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.  According to its listing in the Mississippi Historic Bridge Survey in 1988, it is significant as the largest and "most impressive" concrete open-spandrel bridge in Mississippi (out of just two in the state).

Open-spandrel concrete arch bridges were built in the early 1900s in areas where concrete was not too expensive relative to alternatives and where the span would be sufficiently high so that the arch could span the requisite distance. (Truss bridges can be built lower.)

Spandrel
A spandrel is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame, between the tops of two adjacent arches, or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square. They are frequently filled with decorative elements.
Henricus von Gunterrodt
Heinrich von Gunterrodt (1557- † unk) was the author of a treatise on the art of fencing published in 1579 that was dedicated to Johann VII of Mecklenburg as, '"De veriis principiis artis dimicatoriae Tractatus brevis" (The True Principles of the Art of Fencing)'.

This book was the first to mention the Walpurgis or Lutegerus Fechtbuch (FECHT 1), which he claimed was given to him by the mercenary, beltmaker and celebrated swordsman Johann Herbart von Würzburg. Who had looted it during his military service from 1552-1553 to Albrecht 'Bellator' II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.

Second Margrave War
The Second Margrave War (German: Zweiter Markgrafenkrieg) was a conflict in the Holy Roman Empire between 1552 and 1555. Instigated by Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, who was attempting to form a Duchy of Franconia under his rule, the war resulted in widespread devastation in Franconia, while also affecting the Rhineland and Lower Saxony.
Andrew Lane
Andrew Lane is the name of:

Andy Lane (born 1963), British author and journalist

Andrew Lane (actor) (1947–1999), from The Leisure Hive

Andrew Lane (record producer), American songwriter and record producer

Andrew Lane (film producer) (born 1951), American film producer

Andrew R. Lane (born 1960), oil and natural gas executive

The Leisure Hive
The Leisure Hive is the first serial of the 18th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 30 August to 20 September 1980. It marks the return of John Leeson as the voice of K9.

In the serial, a criminal organisation of alien Foamasi, called the West Lodge, attempt to buy the planet Argolis from the Argolin people there as a West Lodge base. Meanwhile, the young Argolin Pangol (David Haig) seeks to start a war against the Foamasi, to whom his people had previously lost, with an army made of clones of himself.