hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sara Ducci
Sara Ducci (born 1971) is an Italian physicist whose research has involved pattern formation in nonlinear optics, optical parametric oscillators, cavity optomechanics, integrated quantum photonics, and the generation of quantum entanglement. She works in France as a professor in the Université Paris Cité, associated with the Laboratory Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ).

Pattern formation
The science of pattern formation deals with the visible, (statistically) orderly outcomes of self-organization and the common principles behind similar patterns in nature.

In developmental biology, pattern formation refers to the generation of complex organizations of cell fates in space and time. The role of genes in pattern formation is an aspect of morphogenesis, the creation of diverse anatomies from similar genes, now being explored in the science of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo. The mechanisms involved are well seen in the anterior-posterior patterning of embryos from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (a fruit fly), one of the first organisms to have its morphogenesis studied, and in the eyespots of butterflies, whose development is a variant of the standard (fruit fly) mechanism.
Generation (film)
Generation is a 1969 American comedy film directed by George Schaefer and written by William Goodhart. The film stars David Janssen, Kim Darby, Pete Duel, Carl Reiner, Andrew Prine and James Coco. The film was released on December 15, 1969, by AVCO Embassy Pictures. It is based on the 1965 play of the same name.

Generation (play)
Generation is a 1965 Broadway play written lyrics and by William Goodhart, directed by Gene Saks, produced by Frederick Brisson and Victor Samrock, incidental music by Jerry Bock, stage and lighting design by George Jenkins, costume design by Albert Wolsky.

Its first preview opened with Henry Fonda in the lead role on September 29, 1965, at the Morosco Theatre. The play official premiered on October 6, 1965, at the same theatre. It ran for 300  performances, and was nominated for a Tony Award in 1966 for the Best Featured Actor in a Play (for A. Larry Haines).
Laryan narrow-gauge railway
59°33′17″N 33°35′07″E﻿ / ﻿59.55463°N 33.58525°E﻿ / 59.55463; 33.58525
The Laryan narrow-gauge railway (Russian: Ларьян узкоколейная железная дорога, Lar'yan uzkokoleynaya zheleznaya doroga») is located in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The peat railway was opened in 1939, and has a total length of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and is operational as of 2017. The track gauge is 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and operates year-round. Limited Liability Company «Tikhvin-Torf» was established on the 16 of November in 2000 and is the successor of Peat enterprise Laryan. The  main  activity  of  the LLC «Tikhvin-TORF» company production  of  milled  peat,  semimanufactures  of  sod peat for household needs, peat semimanufac tures for agriculture. Deliveries of peat are made by rail for the heat-only boiler station of the village Krasava.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
2016 Connacht Senior Football Championship
The 2016 Connacht Senior Football Championship was the 117th installment of the annual Connacht Senior Football Championship held under the auspices of Connacht GAA. It is one of the four provincial competitions of the 2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Mayo entered the competition as defending champions but were beaten by Galway in the semi-finals. Galway went on to win their first title in eight years by beating Roscommon after a replay.

New York GAA
The New York County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, or New York GAA is one of the three county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in North America, and is responsible for Gaelic games in the New York metropolitan area. The county board is also responsible for the New York county teams.

The county football team competes in the Connacht Senior Football Championship and the Tailteann Cup.
Silas Bent
Silas Bent IV (born May 9, 1882, in Millersburg, Kentucky – d. July 30, 1945 in Greenwich, Connecticut), son of Silas Bent III and  Ann Elizabeth (Tyler) Bent was an American journalist, author, and lecturer.

He spent nearly three decades as a journalist, including time as a freelance writer, and spent a year as an assistant professor at the University of Missouri School of Journalism. Bent authored several books and articles, many critiquing the practices of newspapers in their reporting. He was married to Elizabeth Sims.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
George H. Nelms
George H. Nelms (1905 – September 17, 1999) was mayor of Ottawa from 1957 to 1960. He was an optician by profession. Nelms was born in Thame, Oxfordshire, England in 1905 and came to Canada in 1912. He had two sons, Larry and John and two daughters, Linda and Jane.

During his term as Mayor, he would welcome Queen Elizabeth and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh to the city in 1957, a visit which included a ceremony to commence construction of the Queensway superhighway project. On June 24, 1957, Nelms opened Laurentian High School. In 1958, Nelms saw the opening of a new city hall facility on Green Island. He was also chair of the Ottawa Transportation Commission under whose watch electric streetcar transit service was replaced with buses.

Nelms died in Ottawa at Grace Hospital aged 94.

Optician
An optician is an individual who fits glasses or contact lenses by filling a refractive prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They are able to translate and adapt ophthalmic prescriptions, dispense products, and work with accessories.  There are several specialties within the field.
Abronamoué
Abronamoué is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Niablé, Abengourou Department, Indénié-Djuablin Region, Comoé District.

Abronamoué was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Niablé
Niablé is a town in eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Abengourou Department in Indénié-Djuablin Region, Comoé District. A few hundred metres southwest of the town is a border crossing with Ghana.
In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Niablé was 57,081.
Meghna Malik
Meghna  Malik is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi television and films. She is popularly known as the high-handed Ammaji of Colors TV's popular show Na Aana Is Des Laado. The show dealt with the issue of female infanticide and other atrocities against women.

In 2013, Malik became a contestant on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. In 2016, she appeared in Star Plus's show Dahleez. In 2017, she reprised her role as Ammaji from Na Aana Is Des Laado in its sequel Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardani, although she quit the show in early 2018.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Franklin Lacey
Franklin Lacey (1917–1988) was an American playwright and screenwriter.  He is best known for co-authoring the story for The Music Man (1957), together with collaborator Meredith Willson, and later collaborating on the screenplay with Marion Hargrove for the 1962 film version. One of his first major works was the play Pagan in the Parlor in 1949; it was directed for the stage by Frankenstein director James Whale. He also wrote the screenplay for the film Rain for a Dusty Summer (1971), which starred Ernest Borgnine. He worked closely with the author Aldous Huxley on a musical version of his novel Brave New World, but the project was eventually shelved.

Rain for a Dusty Summer
Rain for a Dusty Summer, originally known as Miguel Pro and released on DVD as Guns of the Revolution, is a 1971 Mexican revolution film. Shot on location in Spain, it depicts the life and death of Mexican priest Miguel Pro during the Cristero War. The lead role was played by Humberto Almazán, an actor who left the industry to become a priest and returned to acting for this film. The movie was the final feature film of director Arthur Lubin.
Condé-en-Normandie
Condé-en-Normandie (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃de ɑ̃ nɔʁmɑ̃di]) is a commune in the department of Calvados, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Condé-sur-Noireau (the seat), La Chapelle-Engerbold, Lénault, Proussy, Saint-Germain-du-Crioult and Saint-Pierre-la-Vieille.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Theo Gorter
Theo Gorter (born 12 July 1956) is a Dutch former professional tennis player.

A left-handed player from Amsterdam, Gorter's career almost ended when he was 18 year old, after suffering a broken tibia and crushed foot in a moped accident. His injuries kept him out of tennis for over a year.

Gorter, a three-time national doubles champion, represented the Netherlands in a 1979 Davis Cup tie against Denmark in Hilversum. He partnered with Paul van Min in the doubles rubber, which they lost in four sets to Lars Elvstrøm and Michael Mortensen, but the Netherlands still won the tie.

On the Grand Prix circuit, Gorter made the singles main draw of the Dutch Open in both 1979 and 1980.

Dutch Open (tennis)
The Dutch Open is a professional tennis tournament currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour since 2019. It is played on outdoor clay courts in Amersfoort (until 2024) and later Bunschoten, Netherlands (since 2025).

Originally known as the International Championships of the Netherlands  and then known as the  Dutch Open Tennis, it was a Grand Prix circuit and subsequently an ATP Tour event held in three different locations in The Netherlands between 1957 and 2008. No tournament was organized in 1967. From 1957 to 1973 the tournament consisted of both men's and women's events (singles, doubles, mixed doubles) but from 1975 onward only men's singles and doubles events were held.
Turbulence modeling
In fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulent flows are commonplace in most real-life scenarios. In spite of decades of research, there is no analytical theory to predict the evolution of these turbulent flows. The equations governing turbulent flows can only be solved directly for simple cases of flow. For most real-life turbulent flows, CFD simulations use turbulent models to predict the evolution of turbulence. These turbulence models are simplified constitutive equations that predict the statistical evolution of turbulent flows.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Harriet Persis Hurlbut
Harriet Persis Hurlbut (February 26, 1862 – March 20, 1932) was an American artist. Like her father, she was fond of historical and genealogical matters. One of her paintings hangs in the rooms of the Chicago Historical Society, being a portrait of the early explorer Samuel de Champlain.

Chicago History Museum
Chicago History Museum is the museum of the  Chicago Historical Society (CHS). The CHS was founded in 1856 to study and interpret Chicago's history. The museum and library has been located in Lincoln Park since the 1930s at 1601 North Clark Street at the intersection of North Avenue in the Old Town Triangle neighborhood, where the museum has been expanded several times. Long known as the CHS, the society adopted the name, Chicago History Museum, in September 2006 for its public presence.
Intuition (film)
Intuition (Spanish: La corazonada) is a 2020 Argentine crime-thriller film written and directed by Alejandro Montiel and starring Luisana Lopilato and Joaquín Furriel. Based on the novel La Vírgen en tus Ojos (Spanish: The Virgin in your Eyes) by Florencia Etcheves, the film serves as a prequel to the 2018 film Perdida. It is Netflix's first Argentine original movie.

Cinema of Argentina
Cinema of Argentina refers to the film industry based in Argentina. The Argentine cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of Argentina or by Argentine filmmakers abroad.

The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in Latin American cinema, along with those produced in Mexico and Brazil. Throughout the 20th century, film production in Argentina, supported by the State and by the work of a long list of directors and actors, became one of the major film industries in the Spanish-speaking world. The Golden Age of Argentine cinema took place between the 1930s and 1950s.

Argentina has won eighteen Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film, which makes it the most awarded country. It is also the first Latin American country that has won Academy Awards, in recognition of the films The Official Story (1985) and The Secret in Their Eyes (2009).
Thomson Bay Settlement
Thomson Bay, known in full as Thomson Bay Settlement and also known as The Settlement, is the largest settlement of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, situated on the island's northeastern coast. It is home to most of Rottnest's stores, restaurants and nearly all of the island's population. It is a one-minute walk from the bay with the same name. As of the 2021 census, the settlement had a population of 166.

The settlement is opposite from Fremantle, and the city of Perth is visible from the beach.

City of Perth
The City of Perth is a local government area and body, within the Perth metropolitan area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government is commonly known as Perth City Council. The City covers the Perth city centre and surrounding suburbs. The City covers an area of 20.01 square kilometres (8 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 21,092 as at 30 June 2015. On 1 July 2016 the City expanded, absorbing 1,247 residents from the City of Subiaco.
Nimal Lanza
Antony Nimal Lanza Warnakulasooriya (born 13 October 1974), commonly known as Nimal Lanza (Sinhala: නිමල් ලාන්සා, Tamil: நிமல் லான்சா) is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, Sri Lanka Freedom Party - United People's Freedom Alliance/United People's Freedom Alliance, from the Gampaha district.

Nimal Lanza has a brother, Dayann, who is Mayor of Negombo.

He received his education at St. Maris College, Negombo.

He was elected to parliament representing the Gampaha District at the 2015 parliamentary elections. On 9 September 2015 he was appointed the deputy minister of Home Affairs in the second Sirisena cabinet, but resigned from the role on 19 December 2017.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Sri Lanka)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (Sinhala: ස්වදේශ කටයුතු අමාත්‍යාංශය Swadēsha Katayuthu Amathyanshaya; Tamil: உள்நாட்டலுவல்கள் அமைச்சு) is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Sri Lanka responsible for public administration.

The Minister of Home Affairs is one of the most senior ministers in the government and ranks third in the ministerial ranking. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on home affairs and other subjects which come under its purview. The ministry manages the country's administrative service, including District and Divisional Secretariats as well as the Grama Niladhari (village officers) network under the oversight of the latter.

The current Minister of Home Affairs is Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena.
Jeevan Mrityu
Jeevan Mrityu (transl. Life and death) is a 1970 Hindi-language crime action thriller film produced by Tarachand Barjatya for Rajshri Productions. The film starred Dharmendra, Raakhee, Ajit, Rajindernath and Leela Chitnis. The film was a remake of a 1967 Bengali film Jiban Mrityu starring Uttam Kumar and Supriya Devi in lead roles. The film's music was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal while Anand Bakshi penned the lyrics. The film was dubbed in Malayalam as Jeevitha Samaram.

The film was Raakhee's debut in Hindi film.

Anand Bakshi
Anand Bakshi (21 July 1930 – 30 March 2002) was an Indian poet and lyricist. He won Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist four times during his career. He wrote more than 6,000 film songs in more than 300 films.
Segesta
Segesta (Ancient Greek: Ἔγεστα, Egesta, or Σέγεστα, Ségesta, or Αἴγεστα, Aígesta; Sicilian: Siggesta) was one of the major cities of the Elymians, one of the three indigenous peoples of Sicily. The other major cities of the Elymians were Eryx and Entella. It is located in the northwestern part of Sicily in Italy, near the modern commune of Calatafimi-Segesta in the province of Trapani. The hellenization of Segesta happened very early and had a profound effect on its people.

Hellenization
Hellenization or Hellenification is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonization often led to the Hellenization of indigenous people. In the Hellenistic period, many of the territories which were conquered by Alexander the Great were Hellenized.
Abd al-Malik I
Abd al-Malik I may mean:

Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi, the Sultan of the Saadi Dynasty from 1576 until his death at the Battle of Ksar El Kebir against Portugal in 1578

Abd al-Malik I (Samanid emir), emir of the Sāmānids (954–961), son of Nuh I.

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 5th Umayyad caliph

Abd al-Malik I (Samanid emir)
Abd al-Malik I (Persian: عبدالملک; 936 or 944/5 – November 961) was amir of the Samanid Empire from 954 to 961. He was the son and successor of Nuh I (r. 943–954). His reign was marked by internal strife, with the Turkic slave-soldiers (ghulam) increasing in power. He died after falling from his horse during a game of polo at Bukhara. He was succeeded by his brother Mansur I, who was put on the throne by a faction of ghulams led by the Turkic slave-commander, Fa'iq Khassa.
Bodging
Bodging (full name chair-bodgering) is a traditional woodturning craft, using  green (unseasoned) wood to make chair legs and other cylindrical parts of chairs. The work was done close to where a tree was felled. The itinerant craftsman who made the chair legs was known as a bodger or chair-bodger. According to Collins Dictionary, the use of the term bodger in reference to green woodworking appeared between 1799 and 1827 and, to a much lesser extent, from 1877 to 1886 and from 1939 to present.

Chisel
A chisel is a hand tool with a characteristic wedge-shaped cutting edge on the end of its blade. A chisel is useful for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal.

Using a chisel involves forcing the blade into some material to cut it. The driving force may be applied by pushing by hand, or by using a mallet or hammer. In industrial use, a hydraulic ram or falling weight ('trip hammer') may be used to drive a chisel into the material.

A gouge is a type of chisel that serves to carve small pieces from the material; particularly in woodworking, woodturning and sculpture.
2019 Vanderbilt Commodores baseball team
The 2019 Vanderbilt Commodores baseball team represented Vanderbilt University in the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Commodores play their home games at Hawkins Field. The team compiled a record of 59-12 and won the 2019 NCAA National Championship, as well as the SEC regular-season and tournament championships.

JJ Bleday
Jeffrey Joseph Bleday (born November 10, 1997) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Miami Marlins and Oakland Athletics / Athletics. The Marlins selected Bleday with the fourth overall pick of the 2019 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2022 with the Marlins and was traded to Oakland before the 2023 season.
Forsten
Forsten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aino Forsten (1885–1937), Finnish politician and educator

Eltio Alegondas Forsten (1811–1843), Dutch naturalist

G. V. Forsten (1857–1910), Finnish historian and professor

Eltio Alegondas Forsten
Eltio Alegondas Forsten (12 July 1811, Middelburg – 1843, Ambon Island) was a Dutch naturalist.

He studied medicine at Leiden, obtaining his degree in 1836 with a thesis on Cedrela febrifuga, titled "Dissertatio botanico-pharmaceutico-medica inauguralis de cedrela febrifuga". In 1838 he became a member of the Natuurkundige Commissie for the Dutch East Indies, where he would spend the next several years collecting zoological and botanical specimens (Java, Sulawesi, Ternate, Ambon).
George Petros
George Lawrence Petros (born 11 January 1955) is an American art designer, author, editor, interviewer and illustrator. From 1984 through 1992 he published and edited EXIT, a punk-inspired art and science fiction magazine he founded with Adam Parfrey and Kim Seltzer. From 1992 through 2000 he edited and art-directed Seconds, an all-interview music and culture magazine founded by Steven Blush. From 2000 through 2005 he was a contributing editor of Juxtapoz, the low-brow art magazine founded by Robert Williams, and the senior editor of Propaganda, a goth/industrial music and style magazine founded by Fred H. Berger. He is the author of several books. His art and writing have appeared in Heavy Metal, Thrasher, Paper, Screw, Apocalypse Culture II, ArtSync, and on DEVO album covers.

Juxtapoz
Juxtapoz Art & Culture Magazine (pronounced JUX-tah-pose) is a magazine created in 1994 by a group of artists and art collectors including Robert Williams, Fausto Vitello, C.R. Stecyk III (a.k.a. Craig Stecyk), Greg Escalante, and Eric Swenson to both help define and celebrate urban alternative and underground contemporary art. Juxtapoz is published by High Speed Productions, the same company that publishes Thrasher skateboard magazine in San Francisco, California.