hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmund Chojecki
Edmund Franciszek Maurycy Chojecki (Polish pronunciation: [xɔˈjɛt͡skʲi]; Wiski, Podlasie, 15 October 1822 – 1 December 1899, Paris) was a Polish journalist, playwright, novelist, poet and translator. Originally hailing from Warsaw, from 1844 he resided in France, where he wrote under the pen name Charles Edmond.

Early on, Chojecki participated in leftist intellectual and political movements and edited Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz's political weekly magazine La Tribune des Peuples (The Peoples' Tribune). In time he entered elite Parisian learned and literary circles, became secretary to Emperor Napoleon III, and co-founded the Paris daily Le Temps, predecessor to Le Monde.

Chojecki wrote a notable Polish-language novel, Alkhadar (1854), and translated into Polish (1847) Jan Potocki's celebrated novel, The Saragossa Manuscript.

Podlachia
Podlachia, also known by its Polish name Podlasie (Polish: [pɔˈdlaɕɛ] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Palenkė; Belarusian: Падляшша, romanized: Padliashsha), is a historical region in north-eastern Poland. Its largest city is Białystok, whereas the historical capital is Drohiczyn.

Similarly to several other historical regions of Poland, e.g. Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Mazovia, Pomerania, Silesia, Warmia, Podlachia possesses its own folk costumes, unique traditional architecture and cuisine. Between 1513 and 1795 it was a voivodeship with the capital in Drohiczyn. Now the part north of the Bug River is included in the modern Podlaskie Voivodeship with the capital in Białystok, whereas southern parts are located in the Masovian and Lublin Voivodeships.
Frank Myers Boggs
Frank Myers Boggs (December 6, 1855 in Springfield, Ohio- 1926) was an American-born French painter. He became a naturalized French citizen in 1923, and settled in Montmartre, Paris. His work is in the collections of the Jule Collins Smith Museum of Fine Art at Auburn University, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Van Gogh Museum.

He studied in the École des Beaux-Arts, and was a pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme.

Jule Collins Smith Museum of Fine Art
The Jule Museum at Auburn University is an accredited art museum on the campus of Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. The museum is named after Jule Collins Smith, the wife of Albert Smith, who graduated from Auburn University in 1947. Smith donated funds to Auburn University in support of the construction of an art museum as a gift to his wife, in honor of their 50th wedding anniversary. The museum is both an academic museum and open to all visitors with free admission. In spring of 2013, the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) recognized the museum as an accredited museum. In 2022, the AAM awarded the museum re-accreditation.

The museum participates in the North American Reciprocal Museums program, the Southeastern Reciprocal Membership program, and the Museum Travel Alliance. The museum holds memberships in the American Alliance of Museums, the Southeastern Museums Conference, the Association of Art Museum Directors.
Quaternionic representation
In the mathematical field of representation theory, a quaternionic representation is a representation on a complex vector space V with an invariant quaternionic structure, i.e., an antilinear equivariant map

which satisfies

Together with the imaginary unit i and the antilinear map k := ij, j equips V with the structure of a quaternionic vector space (i.e., V becomes a module over the division algebra of quaternions). From this point of view, quaternionic representation of a group G is a group homomorphism φ: G → GL(V, H), the group of invertible quaternion-linear transformations of V. In particular, a quaternionic matrix representation of g assigns a square matrix of quaternions ρ(g) to each element g of G such that ρ(e) is the identity matrix and

Quaternionic representations of associative and Lie algebras can be defined in a similar way.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
Subgrain rotation recrystallization
In metallurgy, materials science and structural geology, subgrain rotation recrystallization is recognized as an important mechanism for dynamic recrystallisation. It involves the rotation of initially low-angle sub-grain boundaries until the mismatch between the crystal lattices across the boundary is sufficient for them to be regarded as grain boundaries. This mechanism has been recognized in many minerals (including quartz, calcite, olivine, pyroxenes, micas, feldspars, halite, garnets and zircons) and in metals (various magnesium, aluminium and nickel alloys).

Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.
Novy Istochnik
Novy Istochnik (Russian: Новый Источник) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Sosnovskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 35 as of 2002. There are 3 streets.

Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District (Russian: Волого́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Ust-Kubinsky and Sokolsky Districts in the northeast, Mezhdurechensky District in the east, Gryazovetsky District in the southeast, Poshekhonsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southwest, Sheksninsky District in the west, and with Kirillovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,500 square kilometers (1,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Vologda (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 50,438 (2010 Census); 50,956 (2002 Census); 64,946 (1989 Soviet census). As of 2010, Vologodsky District was the most populous among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.
Dimeo van der Horst
Dimeo van der Horst (born 23 June 1991) is a Dutch 3x3 basketball player who plays for the Netherlands men's national 3x3 team. Standing at 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in), Van der Horst primarily plays as point guard.

Born in Amsterdam, he played 11 seasons of professional basketball in the Dutch Basketball League for four different clubs.

West-Brabant Giants
West-Brabant Giants was a Dutch professional basketball club based in Bergen op Zoom. The club was established in 2003 and dissolved in 2011. The team played its games at Sporthal de Boulevard and its main colors were red and white.
Road signs in Greece
Road signs in Greece are regulated by the Ministry of Transport and the Hellenic Traffic Police, according to the Greek Highway Code (Κ.Ο.Κ., Greek: Κώδικας Οδικής Κυκλοφορίας).

Signs follow the general European conventions concerning the use of shape and colour, for every sign category. Signs indicating dangers are triangular with a red border, those giving orders are almost all circular (white on blue for mandatory instructions, black on white with a red border for prohibitions), and those providing information are rectangular. Most signs use pictograms to convey their particular meaning.

As is customary in European countries, all signs are partly or fully reflectorized or are provided with their own night-time illumination. Signs used for temporary regulations may have an bright orange background colour.

Greek road signs depict people with realistic (as opposed to stylized) silhouettes.

Greece acceded to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on December 18, 1986.

Overtaking
Overtaking or passing is the act of one vehicle going past another slower moving vehicle, travelling in the same direction, on a road. The lane used for overtaking another vehicle is often a passing lane farther from the road shoulder, which is to the left in places that drive on the right and to the right in places that drive on the left.
Astris (rocket stage)
The Astris was an upper stage developed by ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH and MBB as the third stage of the Europa 1 launch vehicle. It was the German contribution to the project and only flew activated four times. The high failure rate of the three and four stage rocket meant that the project was cancelled.

On November 29, 1968, its inaugural flight, the Astris third stage exploded. On the second attempt in July 1969, the Astris engine failed to start. On the third attempt on June 11, 1970, the stage performed correctly, but the fairing failed to separate.

On November 5, 1971, the Europa II launched from CSG ELA-1, had a mishap due to structural failure of the third stage. After this last failure the project was definitely cancelled.

ELA-1
ELV (French: Ensemble de Lancement Vega, lit. 'Vega Launch Complex') is a launch complex at the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana supporting launches of the Vega and Vega C rockets. It was first built in November 1971 and was previously used to support launches of the Europa, Ariane 1 and Ariane 3 rockets.
Krzysztof Żuk
Krzysztof Żuk (born 21 June 1957 in Krasnystaw) is a Polish economist, and since 2010, the mayor of the city of Lublin. He previously served as deputy mayor of Lublin from 2006 to 2007, was the chairperson of Świdnik City Council from 1990 to 1996, and the Undersecretary of State at the Polish Ministry of State Treasury from 2007 to 2009.

Awards and decorations of the Ukrainian Armed Forces
Awards and decorations of the Ukrainian Armed Forces are military decorations issued by the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine to soldiers who achieve a variety of qualifications, who have completed classroom training standards stipulated in their military occupational specialty and accomplishments while serving on active and reserve duty in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Together with military badges, medals are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
These badges are worn in order of precedence (Master the highest). Only badge of the highest degree worn.

On May 30, 2012 President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych issued a decree enacted new regulations on departmental awards. During 2012-2013 the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine has developed a new system of incentive awards.
Mark Evans (rower)
Mark Evans (born August 16, 1957, in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian rower.

Evans was a member of the Canadian men's eights team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, USA. His twin brother Michael was on the same winning team. The rowing team was inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 1985, and the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 2003. Both brothers had studied at University College, Oxford,
where they were part of the winning Oxford crews in the 1983 and 1984 Oxford Cambridge Boat Race.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Sam Rockwell on screen and stage
Sam Rockwell is an American actor. He became well known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs (1997), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Matchstick Men (2003), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Moon (2009), Gentlemen Broncos (2009), G-Force (2009), Seven Psychopaths (2012), Mr. Right (2015), Richard Jewell (2019), and The Bad Guys (2022). He has also played supporting roles in The Green Mile (1999), Galaxy Quest (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Frost/Nixon (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Conviction (2010), Cowboys & Aliens (2011), The Way, Way Back (2013), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Vice (2018), and Jojo Rabbit (2019).

For his performance in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Rockwell won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

Conviction (2010 film)
Conviction is a 2010 American biographical legal drama film directed by Tony Goldwyn, written by Pamela Gray, and starring Hilary Swank and Sam Rockwell. The film premiered on September 11, 2010, at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the US on October 15, 2010.
Mutham
Mutham (transl. Kiss) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language slasher film directed by S. A. Chandrasekaran. The film stars Arun Vijay (known at the time as Arunkumar), Sathyan, Nagendra Prasad, Ajayan, Charulatha, Nanditha Jennifer and Anjali. The film, produced by M. Arul Moorthy, was released on 6 December 2002.

Nagendra Prasad
Nagendra Prasad (born 19 December 1975) is an Indian dance choreographer, actor and director who works in Tamil and Kannada films. He is the youngest son of dance master Mugur Sundar, and younger brother to popular cine artistes Prabhu Deva and Raju Sundaram.
Carenas
Carenas is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, on the river Piedra. According to the 2004 census (Instituto Nacional de Estadística), the municipality has a population of 239 inhabitants.

Province of Zaragoza
Zaragoza (Spanish pronunciation: [θaɾaˈɣoθa]), also called Saragossa in English, is a province of northern Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Aragon. Its capital is the city of Zaragoza, which is also the capital of the autonomous community. Other towns in the province include La Almunia de Doña Godina, Borja, Calatayud, Caspe, Ejea de los Caballeros, Tarazona, and Utebo.

Its area is 17,274 km², which makes it the fourth-largest Spanish province by land area. Its population was 954,811 in 2018, accounting for slightly over 72% of the entire population of Aragon; nearly 75% of those lived in the capital. Its population density was 51/km². It contains 292 municipalities, of which more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in the easternmost part (Bajo Aragón-Caspe comarca and Mequinenza municipality).
Prime View (constituency)
Prime View (Chinese: 景峰) is one of the 31 constituencies in the Tuen Mun District.

Created for the 1994 District Board elections, the constituency returns one district councillor to the Tuen Mun District Council, with an election every four years.

Prime View loosely covers areas surrounding Prime View Garden and Parkland Villas in Tuen Mun next to Siu Hong station with an estimated population of 19,373.

Tuen Mun District Council
The Tuen Mun District Council (Chinese: 屯門區議會; noted as TM) is the District Council of Tuen Mun District, in the New Territories. It is one of 18 such councils. The Council consists of 32 members with 6 members of those elected through first past the post system every four years, 12 district committee members, 13 appointed members, and 1 ex officio member who is the Tuen Mun Rural Committee chairman. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Melincué
Melincué is a town (comuna) in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, 287 km from the provincial capital. It has about 2,200 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [INDEC] and it is the head town of the General López Department. It was founded in 1872 and recognized officially as a town on 3 September 1986.

Melincué is located immediately north of an endorheic lake (Laguna Melincué) and an associated wetland area that is included in a nature reserve. The fluctuating level of the Melincué Lake and the lack of hydrical infrastructure have often caused the town to suffer floods.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Discrete Chebyshev polynomials
In mathematics, discrete Chebyshev polynomials, or Gram polynomials, are a type of discrete orthogonal polynomials used in approximation theory, introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev and rediscovered by Gram. They were later found to be applicable to various algebraic properties of spin angular momentum. This connection shows that they can be expressed as Clebsch-Gordan coefficients.

Pafnuty Chebyshev
Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (Russian: Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, IPA: [pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof]) (16 May [O.S. 4 May] 1821 – 8 December [O.S. 26 November] 1894) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics.

Chebyshev is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of probability, statistics, mechanics, and number theory. A number of important mathematical concepts are named after him, including the Chebyshev inequality (which can be used to prove the weak law of large numbers), the Bertrand–Chebyshev theorem, Chebyshev polynomials, Chebyshev linkage, and Chebyshev bias.
Sansanding
Sansanding, sometimes called Sinsani, is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune includes the town and 17 of the surrounding villages in an area of 315 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 23,109. The town sits on the left (north) bank of the River Niger about 50 km downstream from Ségou.

The commune lies entirely to the north of the river and is crossed, from west to east, by the Canal Macina and the Fala de Boky-Wéré which carry water from the Niger to the rice polders north of Macina. The canal and Fala form part of the Office du Niger irrigation scheme.

Office du Niger
The Office du Niger is a semi-autonomous government agency in Mali that administers a large irrigation scheme in the Ségou Region of the country. Water from the Niger River is diverted into a system of canals at the Markala dam 35 kilometres (22 mi) downstream of Ségou. The water is used to irrigate nearly 100,000 hectares (390 mi2) of the flat alluvial plains to the north and northeast of Markala that form part of the Delta mort. Although the French colonial administration constructed the system to produce cotton for the textile industry, the main agricultural product is now rice. Around 320,000 tons are grown each year representing 40 percent of the total Malian production. Large quantities of sugar cane are also grown in joint ventures between a Chinese company and the Malian state. The irrigation scheme uses 2.7 km3 (0.65 cu mi) of water each year corresponding to around 10 percent of the total flow of the Niger River.
Greg LaFleur
Gregory Louis LaFleur (born September 16, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). LaFleur was selected in the third round by the Philadelphia Eagles out of Louisiana State University in the 1981 NFL draft. LaFleur was also a member of the Indianapolis Colts and St. Louis Cardinals. He had career statistics of 64 Receptions and 3 Touchdowns. He is the father of former NBA center Robert Sacre. His youngest son Greyson LaFleur is a senior linebacker at Southern University.

In 1995 he served as the national spokesperson for the Kennedy Center Alliance for Arts Education. LaFleur was the athletic director at Texas State University from 2001 to 2004 and Chicago State University from 2004 to 2005.  He was the athletic director at Southern University from 2005 until April 6, 2011. In 2016, LaFleur ran for mayor-president of Baton Rouge and the  East Baton Rouge Parish.

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish (French: Paroisse de Bâton-Rouge Est; Spanish: Parroquia del Este de Bastón Rojo) is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its population was 456,781 at the 2020 census. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital. East Baton Rouge Parish is located within the Greater Baton Rouge area.
Siew C. Ng
Ng Siew Chien (Chinese: 黃秀娟; Jyutping: Wong4 Sau3 Gyun1) is a Malaysian-born clinician-scientist and gastroenterologist based in Hong Kong. She holds the Croucher Professorship in Medical Sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), known for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gut microbiota. She has led international studies on IBD epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region, publishing over 400 peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Nature, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet. Ng has been recognized as a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate since 2020 and elected a Foreign Member of Academia Europaea in 2024.

Nature Medicine
Nature Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of medicine. It was established in 1995. The journal seeks to publish research papers that "demonstrate novel insight into disease processes, with direct evidence of the physiological relevance of the results". Nature Medicine also publishes reviews, perspectives and other content commissioned from leading scientists in their fields. As with other Nature journals, there is no external editorial board, with editorial decisions being made by an in-house team, although peer review by external expert referees forms a part of the review process. The editor-in-chief is João Monteiro.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 58.7, ranking it 1st out of 296 journals in the category "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".
The table below provides a detailed overview of recent bibliometric indicators for Nature Medicine:
Tell Bir Dakoue
Tell Bir Dakoue is an archaeological site at the junction of the road between Dakoue and Hoch Harime, 1 km north of the spring in the Beqaa Mohafazat (Governorate). It dates at least to the Early Bronze Age.

Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa (Arabic: البقاع Al-Biqā') is a governorate in Lebanon and one of the eight districts of the country. It is located in the eastern part of Lebanon and borders with Syria. The capital of the district is the city of Zahlé.