hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borel isomorphism
In mathematics, a Borel isomorphism is a measurable bijective function between two standard Borel spaces. By  Souslin's theorem in standard Borel spaces (which says that a set that is both analytic and coanalytic is necessarily Borel), the inverse of any such measurable bijective function is also measurable. Borel isomorphisms are closed under composition and under taking of inverses. The set of Borel isomorphisms from a space to itself clearly forms a group under composition. Borel isomorphisms on standard Borel spaces are analogous to homeomorphisms on topological spaces: both are bijective and closed under composition, and a homeomorphism and its inverse are both continuous, instead of both being only Borel measurable.

Inverse function
In mathematics, the inverse function of a function f (also called the inverse of f) is a function that undoes the operation of f. The inverse of f exists if and only if f is bijective, and if it exists, is denoted by

For a function , its inverse  admits an explicit description:  it sends each element  to the unique element  such that f(x) = y.

As an example, consider the real-valued function of a real variable given by f(x) = 5x − 7. One can think of f as the function which multiplies its input by 5 then subtracts 7 from the result. To undo this, one adds 7 to the input, then divides the result by 5. Therefore, the inverse of f is the function  defined by
Foto-Kouamékro
Foto-Kouamékro is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dibri-Assirikro, Sakassou Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

Foto-Kouamékro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Vallée du Bandama District
Vallée du Bandama District (French: District de la Vallée du Bandama, [va.le dy bɑ̃.da.ma], "Bandama Valley") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the north-central part of the country. The capital of the district is Bouaké.
Rutuli
The Rutuli or Rutulians were an ancient people in Italy. The Rutuli were located in a territory whose capital was the ancient town of Ardea, located about 32 km (20 miles) southeast of Rome.

Thought to have been descended from the Umbri and the Pelasgians, according to modern scholars they were most likely connected with the Etruscan or Ligurian peoples.

Umbri
The Umbri were an ancient people, considered an Italic people, attested during the Iron Age in inner central Italy, approximately between the middle Tiber river and the central Apennines. A region called Umbria still exists and is now occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria. Most ancient Umbrian cities were settled in the 9th-4th centuries BCE on easily defensible hilltops. Umbria was bordered by the Tiber and Nar rivers and included the Apennine slopes on the Adriatic. The ancient Umbrian language belongs to the Osco-Umbrian branch of the Italic languages, an Indo-European subfamily that also includes the Latino-Faliscan languages.
Beaver Brook (New Jersey)
Beaver Brook is a 14.2-mile-long (22.9 km) tributary of the Pequest River in western New Jersey in the United States.

Beaver Brook originates near Blairstown and terminates at its confluence with the Pequest River near Belvidere.

Blairstown, New Jersey
Blairstown is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 5,704, a decrease of 263 (−4.4%) from the 2010 census count of 5,967, which in turn reflected an increase of 220 (+3.8%) from the 5,747 counted in the 2000 census.

The area had been known as Smith's Mill and was later called Butts Bridge (variously spelled as "Butt's Bridge" and "Butts' Bridge"), named for a family that owned the eponymous crossing of the Paulins Kill.

Blairstown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1845, from portions of Knowlton Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The township was named for John Insley Blair.
Heinrich Andres
Heinrich Andres (5 May 1883 in Bengel – 11 August 1970 in Bonn) was a German educator and botanist known for his investigations of Rhineland flora.

Up until 1910 he was a schoolteacher in the town of Hetzhof, afterwards teaching classes in Bonn. He was the taxonomic authority of the genera Monotropastrum and Monotropanthum as well as of numerous species within the plant family Ericaceae. In 1967 Hermann Otto Sleumer dedicated the genus Andresia in his honor.

Rhineland
The Rhineland (German: Rheinland [ˈʁaɪ̯nˌlant] ⓘ; Dutch: Rijnland; Kölsch: Rhingland; Latin: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section, sometimes encompassing parts of Belgium. It is the main industrial heartland of Germany because of its many factories, and it has historic ties to the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and the German Empire.
1959 NCAA swimming and diving championships
The 1959 NCAA swimming and diving championships were contested on March 26−28, 1959 at Teagle Pool at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York at the 23rd annual NCAA-sponsored swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving among its member programs in the United States. Including the pre-NCAA championships from before 1937, these were the 36th overall collegiate swimming and diving championships.

The program featured sixteen individual events, fourteen in swimming and two for diving. Teams earned points based on their placement in individual events, with the highest-earning team receiving the national title.

Michigan once again retained the national title, the Wolverines' ninth (and third consecutive), after finishing a record ninety-three points ahead of Ohio State in the team standings.

Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving
The Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving teams represent the University of Michigan in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Swimming and Diving Championships. The men's and women's teams, which had been coached separately, were combined in August 2012 by the University of Michigan Athletic Department.

The program has won 12 NCAA Championships, the second-most in history, as well as 58 Big Ten Championships. It has produced 399 All-Americans, and 107 Olympians have been affiliated with the program.
Renault 5 E-Tech
The Renault 5 E-Tech is a B-segment battery electric car produced by the French manufacturer Renault since 2024. Inspired by the original Renault 5 in styling, the 5 E-Tech was previewed by a concept car shown in January 2021, with the production model being officially unveiled at the Geneva International Motor Show in February 2024.

Luca de Meo
Luca de Meo (born 13 June 1967) is an Italian chief executive, CEO of luxury group Kering since 2025. He was previously CEO of the group Renault (2020-2025), CEO of SEAT (2015-2020), and CEO of Fiat Automobiles (2004-2009). He revived the iconic Fiat 500, created SEAT's premium brand Cupra, and turned Renault into a global electric vehicles manufacturer.
The Evil That Men Do (film)
The Evil That Men Do is a 1984 American action thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Charles Bronson, Theresa Saldana, Joseph Maher and José Ferrer. The film is adapted by R. Lance Hill (under the alias ‘David Lee Henry’) and John M. Crowther from Hill’s 1978 novel of the same title. It was produced by ITC Entertainment and released by Tri-Star Pictures on September 21, 1984.

Bronson plays a former assassin who comes out of retirement to avenge the death of his journalist friend at the hands of a torturer called "The Doctor", who works for various dictatorships worldwide, particularly those of Operation Condor. The film marks the fifth collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson, following St. Ives (1976), The White Buffalo (1977), Caboblanco (1980), and 10 to Midnight (1983).

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
James Agalga
James Agalga is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Builsa North Constituency in the Upper East Region on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress. Agalga was the Deputy Minister for Interior under the John Mahama Administration. He is currently the Deputy Ranking Member on Parliament's Defense and Interior Committee.

Builsa North (Ghana parliament constituency)
Builsa North is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Builsa North is located in the Builsa district  of the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Casgrain
Casgrain is a French Canadian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Eusèbe Casgrain (1825–1907), Ontario physician and political figure

Charles-Eusèbe Casgrain (1800–1848), lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada

Henri-Raymond Casgrain (1831–1904), French Canadian Roman Catholic priest, author, and publisher

Joseph Philippe Baby Casgrain (1856–1939), Quebec surveyor, civil engineer and political figure

Léon Casgrain (1892–1967), Canadian politician

Philippe Baby Casgrain (1826–1917), Quebec lawyer, author and political figure

Pierre-François Casgrain (1886–1950),  Canadian politician and Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons

Thérèse Casgrain (1896–1981), feminist, reformer, politician and senator

Joseph Philippe Baby Casgrain
Joseph Philippe Baby Casgrain (March 1, 1856 – January 6, 1939) was a Quebec surveyor, civil engineer and political figure. He was a Liberal member of the Senate of Canada for De Lanaudière division from 1900 to 1939.

He was born at Quebec City in 1856, the son of Philippe Baby Casgrain, and studied at the Séminaire de Québec. He qualified to practice as a provincial land surveyor in Quebec in 1878 and as a dominion land surveyor for Canada in 1881; he also later qualified as a surveyor for Ontario and Manitoba. He later became chief engineer for the Montreal and Pacific Junction Railway, also serving as a director for the company. Casgrain was also chief engineer for the Montreal Turnpike Trust. He was president of the Montreal Herald. In 1885, he married Ella, the daughter of lumber merchant James William Cook. They lived at 'Bijou', their home in the Golden Square Mile of Montreal.

He died in office in 1939.
2014 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy
The 2014 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at Arenele BNR in Bucharest, Romania, from 21 to 27 April 2014. It was the 22nd edition of the BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy tournament, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. The event also futured an exhibition match with Goran Ivanišević, Cédric Pioline, Ilie Năstase and Andrei Pavel.

Ilie Năstase
Ilie Theodoriu Năstase (Romanian: [iˈli.e nəsˈtase] ⓘ; born 19 July 1946) is a Romanian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the inaugural world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 40 weeks. Năstase is one of ten players to have won over 100 total ATP-level titles, with 64 in singles and 45 in doubles,  among which seven majors: two in singles, three in men's doubles and two in mixed doubles. He also won four Masters Grand Prix year-end championships. He was the first professional sports figure to sign an endorsement contract with Nike, doing so in 1972. Năstase also wrote several novels in French in the 1980s, and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1991.
Layer of rods and cones
The elements composing the layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane) in the retina of the eye are of two kinds, rod cells and cone cells, the former being much more numerous than the latter except in the macula lutea.

Jacob's membrane is named after Irish ophthalmologist Arthur Jacob, who was the first to describe this nervous layer of the retina.

Arthur Jacob
Arthur Jacob (1790–1874) was an Irish ophthalmologist. He is known for founding several hospitals, a medical school, and a medical journal. He contributed to science and academia through his 41-year term as Professor of Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and as the first Irish ocular pathologist. He was elected President of RCSI in 1837 and 1864.
Panar (Kundapura)
The Panar (singular Pana) are a community found mainly in various districts of Karnataka including Kundapura Taluk and Udupi District, India.

The Panar are classified as a scheduled caste by the government of Karnataka. They are Kannada-speaking  and show expertise in singing paddanas (folk songs), mainly in their native Kannada, and also in Tulu languages.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Eugene Lee (actor)
Eugene Lee (born July 16, 1953) is an American actor and playwright. He has appeared in work in Asia and in the United States. He has appeared in guest roles in numerous TV shows such as The White Shadow, Quantum Leap, NYPD Blue and Touched by an Angel.

His stage work includes A Soldier's Play with Denzel Washington and Samuel L. Jackson with the Negro Ensemble Company, a Broadway appearance in August Wilson's Gem of the Ocean, and as a company member for the Kennedy Center's 10-play cycle tribute to Wilson. As a playwright, his works include East Texas Hot Links, Fear Itself, Somebody Called: A Tale of Two Preachers, Killingsworth, and The Rest of Me.

Touched by an Angel
Touched by an Angel is an American drama television series that premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994, and ran for 211 episodes over nine seasons until its conclusion on April 27, 2003. Created by John Masius and executive produced by Martha Williamson, the series stars Roma Downey as an angel named Monica, and Della Reese as her supervisor Tess. Throughout the series, Monica is tasked with bringing guidance and messages from God to various people who are at a crossroads in their lives. From season three onward, they are frequently joined by Andrew (John Dye), the Angel of Death (who first appeared as a recurring character in season two).
Biddeford Saco Old Orchard Beach Transit
Biddeford Saco Old Orchard Beach Transit (or BSOOB) is the primary public transportation provider in the communities of Southern Maine in York County. The services encompass fixed bus routes in Biddeford, Saco, Scarborough and Old Orchard Beach, as well as an express commuter bus service operating between Biddeford-Saco and Portland. BSOOB Transit also operates a seasonal trolley to meet the demand of tourists.  The central transportation hub, the Saco Transportation Center, inaugurated in 2019, serves as a pivotal point where the year-round services connect for customer transfers. At the Saco Transportation Center, the public can also access Amtrak's Downeaster service, YCCAC connections, and other private taxi services.

Saco, Maine
Saco (/ˈsɑːkoʊ/ SAH-koh) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 20,381 at the 2020 census. It is home to Ferry Beach State Park, Funtown Splashtown USA, Thornton Academy and General Dynamics Armament Systems (also known by its former name, Saco Defense), a subsidiary of the defense contractor General Dynamics. Saco sees much tourism during summer months due to its amusement parks, Camp Ellis Beach and Pier, Ferry Beach State Park, and proximity to Old Orchard Beach.

Saco is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Saco's twin-city is Biddeford.
Thaumatogryllus conanti
Thaumatogryllus conanti is a nocturnal species of cricket endemic to the island of Nīhoa, where it is found in Devil's Slide, a narrow ravine. It is named after Sheila Conant, the scientist who discovered it in the 1980s. Including T. conanti, there are only four known species in the genus Thaumatogryllus, which is endemic to Hawaii. Another species is found only in lava tubes on the Island of Hawaii.

Island gigantism is mostly found in plants and animals on tiny, remote islands. This is because largeness provides a survival advantage. Usually, larger size makes it harder to escape from predators, but in these cases, there are none. This insect probably lost the capacity for flight in exchange for larger size.  The average length is about 4 centimetres (1.6 in).

Lava tube
A lava tube, more rarely called a pyroduct or lava tunnel, is a natural roofed conduit along which molten lava flows from a volcanic vent. If lava in the tube drains out, it will leave an empty cave. Lava tubes are common in low-viscosity volcanic systems. Lava tubes are important as they are able to transport molten lava much further away from the eruptive vent than lava channels. A tube-forming lava flow can emplace on longer distance due to the presence of a solid crust protecting the molten lava from atmospheric cooling. Lava tubes are often considered when preparing hazard maps or managing an eruptive crisis.
J. C. Siceloff House
J. C. Siceloff House is a historic home located at High Point, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was built about 1920, and is a two-story, stuccoed brick dwelling with Colonial Revival, Mission Revival, and Prairie School design elements. Additions were constructed in the 1930s. It has a low hipped roof with widely overhanging boxed eaves and a dormer, stuccoed chimneys, and front porch and porte-cochère.  Also on the property is a contributing garage. The building has been converted to office use.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.  It is located in the Uptown Suburbs Historic District.

Porte-cochère
A porte-cochère (/ˌpɔːrt koʊˈʃɛr/; French: [pɔʁt.kɔ.ʃɛʁ]; lit. 'coach gateway'; pl. porte-cochères – pl. portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which originally a horse and carriage and today a motor vehicle can pass to provide arriving and departing occupants protection from the elements.

Portes-cochères are still found on such structures as major public buildings and hotels, providing covered access for visitors and guests arriving by motorized transport.

A porte-cochère, a structure for vehicle passage, is to be distinguished from a portico, a columned porch or entry for human, rather than vehicular, traffic.
Sanguite
Sanguite is a halide mineral. It is named after the Latin word sanguis, meaning blood, due to its bright red colouration. It was approved as a valid species by the International Mineralogical Association in 2013.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Oratorio di San Giuseppe dei Falegnami, Palermo
The Oratorio di San Giuseppe dei Falegnami is a Baroque prayer room or oratory located across the Via Giuseppe d'Alessi from the church of San Giuseppe dei Teatini in the quarter of the Albergaria, within the historic centre of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy.

Oratory (worship)
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, an oratory is a place which is set aside by permission of an ordinary for divine worship, for the convenience of some community or group of the faithful who assemble there, but to which other members of the faithful may have access with the consent of the competent superior. The word oratory comes from the Latin verb orare, to pray.
Charlie Hugall
Charlie Hugall (born 1984) is a British music producer, songwriter and mix engineer. He has produced and mixed records for Florence and the Machine, Ed Sheeran, Halsey, Swim Deep, Kaiser Chiefs, Lucy Rose, Crystal Fighters and others.

Lucy Rose
Lucy Rose Parton (born 20 June 1989), professionally known as Lucy Rose, is an English singer-songwriter. She signed with Columbia Records to release her debut studio album, Like I Used To (2012), which was met with critical praise and entered the UK Albums Chart, along with each of her subsequent releases. Her fifth and latest studio album, This Ain't The Way You Go Out, was released in April 2024. She founded her own record label, Real Kind Records, an imprint of Communion Music in January 2020.
1956 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1956 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from March 1–3, 1956 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their second Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1956 NCAA tournament.

West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball
The West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represents West Virginia University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference. WVU has won 13 conference tournament championships, and has 31 appearances in the NCAA tournament, including two Final Fours, most recently in 2010. The Mountaineers have also appeared in 16 National Invitation Tournaments (NIT), and have won the tournament twice, in 1942 and 2007. The 1942 NIT Championship is claimed by West Virginia as a National Championship.

WVU plays their home games at the Hope Coliseum, their home venue since 1970.
Arturia canariensis
Arturia canariensis, commonly known as the yellow calcareous sponge, is a species of sponge in the family Clathrinidae. It is found in shallow seas in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, the Adriatic Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The specific epithet "canariensis" was given to this species because it was first described from Lanzarote in the Canary Islands.

Sponge spicule
Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton and thus it provides structural support and potentially defense against predators.

Sponge spicules are made of calcium carbonate or silica. Large spicules visible to the naked eye are referred to as megascleres or macroscleres, while smaller, microscopic ones are termed microscleres. The composition, size, and shape of spicules are major characters in sponge systematics and taxonomy.