hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luigi Capuana
Luigi Capuana (May 28, 1839 – November 29, 1915) was an Italian author and journalist and one of the main exponents of Verismo. He was a contemporary of Giovanni Verga, both having been born in the province of Catania within a year of each other. He was also one of the first Italian authors influenced by the works of Émile Zola, French author and creator of naturalism. His critical theories on naturalism envisaged the ultimate fusion of the novel into a purely scientific, impersonal, case-history.

Naturalism (literature)
Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. Literary naturalism emphasizes observation and the scientific method in the fictional portrayal of reality. Naturalism includes detachment, in which the narrator maintains an impersonal tone and disinterested point of view; determinism, which is defined as the opposite of free will, in which a character's fate has been decided, even predetermined, by impersonal forces of nature beyond human control; and a sense that the universe itself is indifferent to human life. The novel would be an experiment where the author could discover and analyze the forces, or scientific laws, that influenced behavior, and these included emotion, heredity, and environment. The movement largely traces to the theories of French author Émile Zola.
Slowdeath
Slowdeath is an album by American indie hip hop artist Doseone. It was released in 1999. The album consists of two extended tracks.

The album features contributions from Doseone's bandmates in the group Clouddead; Odd Nosdam providing additional sounds and Why? providing the cover art.

Why? (American band)
Why? (styled as WHY?) is an American alternative hip hop and indie rock band. The band was founded in 2004 by Cincinnati rapper and singer Yoni Wolf, who had been using Why? as his stage name since 1997. In addition to Wolf, who serves as lead vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, the band consists of multi-instrumentalists and backing vocalists Doug McDiarmid and Matt Meldon, and drummer and backing vocalist Josiah Wolf, who is Yoni Wolf's older brother.

Why? has released eight studio albums, along with several extended plays, demo albums, and live albums, since their inception. Yoni Wolf's final solo album under the Why? moniker, 2003's Oaklandazulasylum, is typically considered part of the band's discography. Their first album as a full band was 2005's Elephant Eyelash. They followed this album with Alopecia (2008), Eskimo Snow (2009), Mumps, Etc. (2012), Moh Lhean (2017), AOKOHIO (2019), and The Well I Fell Into (2024).
Saira Khan
Saira Khan (born 15 May 1970) is a British television personality. She was a contestant on the first series of The Apprentice in 2005, in which she finished as the runner-up. In 2012, Khan competed in the first series of The Great Sport Relief Bake Off.  From 2012 to 2017, Khan co-presented The Martin Lewis Money Show, and in 2015, she presented the ITV series Guess This House.

From 2015 to 2020, she was a regular panelist on the ITV talk show Loose Women. Khan has also competed in the eighteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2016, and in 2019, she competed in the eleventh series of Dancing on Ice.

The Apprentice (British TV series) series 1
The first series of British reality television series The Apprentice was broadcast on BBC Two, from 16 February to 4 May 2005. After securing the rights to creating a British version of the American original, the BBC commissioned a total of twelve episodes, a standard that would be used for consecutive series. It is the only series not to feature a boardroom scene after a candidate quit the programme following a task. Alongside the twelve episodes that were produced, two specials were also created and aired – "The Story So Far" on 2 April, bringing viewers up to speed on the series; and "You're Hired!" on 7 May, airing after the series finale. The format of the latter would be later adapted for use in The Apprentice: You're Fired, beginning the following year.

Fourteen candidates took part in the first series, with Tim Campbell eventually winning. Excluding specials, the series averaged roughly around 2.5 million viewers during its broadcast.
William Mann (MP)
William Mann  was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1625.

Mann was a  rent-collector for the Dean of Westminster and was in the pay of Westminster Abbey. He was a vestryman of St Margaret's, Westminster. Following the death of Edmund Doubleday in 1620, shortly after he was elected Member of Parliament for Westminster, the then dean of Westminster John Williams was the prime mover in arranging the by-election. In this, Williams promoted Mann as his candidate. The election was contentious but Mann was elected MP for Westminster in 1621. He was re-elected MP for Westminster in 1624 and 1625.

Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)
Westminster was a parliamentary constituency in the Parliament of England to 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain 1707–1800 and the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. It returned two members to 1885 and one thereafter.

The constituency was first known to have been represented in Parliament in 1545 and continued to exist until the redistribution of seats in 1918. The constituency's most famous former representatives are John Stuart Mill and Charles James Fox.  The most analogous contemporary constituency is Cities of London and Westminster.
Dangerous (TV series)
Dangerous is an Australian television drama series that first screened on 16 January 2007 on FOX8 and was shown in Ireland on RTÉ One. In mid-2008, it began running on The WB's online network in the US.

It features a "Romeo and Juliet" story of forbidden love, set against the culturally diverse backgrounds of Sydney's western suburbs street crime and the affluence of Sydney's eastern suburbs. It explores youth culture, including taboo subjects like party drug use and the underground world of drag racing and ramraiding. Dangerous is produced by John Edwards and Imogen Banks. Writers include Fiona Seres and Brendan Cowell, acclaimed for their work on Love My Way. It is directed by David Caesar and Shawn Seet. The series' theme song is "Set The Record Straight", performed by New Zealand hip hop group Fast Crew, although the lyrics "Auckland City, let's go" has been changed to "Sydney City, let's go" for use on the show.

Fast Crew
Fast Crew (or fastCREW) were a New Zealand hip hop group consisting of five members – Dane Rumble (aka Kid Deft), Jeremy Kent-Johnston (aka Jerome Fortune), Brad Devcich (aka Diablo), Gemma Copas and Josh Thorne (DJ Alias).

Their first album, Set the Record Straight, and achieved gold status, and Fast Crew supported international artists such as Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, The Black Eyed Peas, D12, Chingy, and DMX, and played at the Big Day Out tours. After completing their second album, Truth, Lies & Red Tape, the band played their last concert and "a mutual decision to split the band was decided" in late 2008.
Petoskey Downtown Historic District
The Petoskey Downtown Historic District is a commercial historic district, roughly bounded by Rose, Division, Michigan, and Petoskey streets in Petoskey, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad
The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad at its height provided passenger and freight railroad services between Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Straits of Mackinac in Michigan, USA. The company was formed on January 18, 1854.
Alabama's congressional districts
The U.S. state of Alabama is currently divided into seven congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Since the 1973 redistricting following the 1970 U.S. census, Alabama has had seven congressional districts. This is three fewer districts than the historic high of ten congressional districts just prior to the 1930 census.

In the case of Allen v. Milligan, 599 U.S. 1 (2023), the Supreme Court of the United States held that the state's current map violates section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. § 10301) and needs to be redrawn with an additional black-majority district. The Alabama Legislature approved another map which also violated the law, but a federal court selected a new map on appeal.

Title 52 of the United States Code
Title 52 of the United States Code (52 U.S.C.), entitled "Voting and Elections", is a codification of the "general and permanent" voting and election laws of the United States federal government. This consisted of the transfer of titles 2 and 42 into a single title, a change made effective in the code’s 2012 print edition and added to the digital version in 2014. It was adopted as a result of "editorial reclassification" efforts of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States House of Representatives and was not enacted as positive law.
Chery QQ3
The Chery QQ3 is a city car and subcompact hatchback produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery from May 2003. In 2006, Chery created a QQ-branded product line that included the original QQ (rebadged as a QQ3), a sedan version called Chery QQ6 released in September 2006 and a three-door hatchback called Chery QQme released in June 2009.

A slightly redesigned model of the original QQ was revealed at the 2011 Guangzhou Auto Show, and was renamed Chery QQ3 Sport.

At the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show, Chery introduced the second generation. It was sold by the DR Automobiles as the DR Zero in Italy.

In 2025 at Chengdu Auto Show, the third-generation Chery QQ3 made its official debut. Unlike the previous two generations of the QQ3 which were city cars, the third-generation QQ3 is a subcompact hatchback with a wheelbase exceeding 2,700 mm.

Latin NCAP
The Latin New Car Assessment Programme (Latin NCAP) is an automobile safety assessment programme for Latin America and the Caribbean. Founded in 2010, it offers independent information to consumers about the safety levels of new cars in the market. Latin NCAP tests are based in international renowned methodologies, with vehicles awarded a safety rating between 0 and 5 stars, indicating the protection the cars offer to adult and child occupants. The programme started as a joint initiative and in 2014 it was established as an association under a legal entity framework.
Juan Carlos Gené
Juan Carlos Gené (6 November 1929 – 31 January 2012) was an Argentine actor and playwright. He was president and secretary general of the Argentine Actors Association, managing director of Canal Siete and managing director of Teatro General San Martín.

Gené narrated films like Revolución: El cruce de los Andes and wrote La Raulito. He also acted in the movies like Don Segundo Sombra and Coup de Grâce. He died in 2012.

La Raulito
La Raulito (Little Ralph) is a 1975 Argentine film directed by Lautaro Murúa and written by Rocío Dúrcal, Manuel Alexandre and Rafaela Aparicio.

In a survey of the 100 greatest films of Argentine cinema carried out by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000, the film reached the 18th position.
Median absolute deviation
In statistics, the median absolute deviation (MAD), also referred to as the median absolute deviation from the median (MADFM), is a robust or outlier-resistant measure of the variability of a univariate sample of quantitative data. 
For a univariate data set X1, X2, ..., Xn, the MAD is defined as the median of the absolute deviations from the data's median, .
It can also refer to the population parameter that is estimated by the MAD calculated from a sample.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
2014 Men's European Individual Closed Championships
The 2014 Men's European Individual Closed Championships is the men's edition of the 2014 European Squash Individual Championships, which serves as the individual European championship for squash players. The event took place in Valenciennes in France from 4 to 7 June 2014. Grégory Gaultier won his eighth European Individual Championships title, defeating Mathieu Castagnet in the final.

Mathieu Castagnet
Mathieu Castagnet (born 14 November 1986 in Saintes, Charente-Maritime) is a professional squash player who represented France. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 6 in May 2016.

He reached the quarterfinals of the US Open in 2013 and the quarterfinals of the British Open in 2014, and entered the world Top 20 in June 2014.

In December 2014, he beat the world number one Mohamed El Shorbagy in four games during the British Grand Prix 2014, where he reached the final against Nick Matthew.

In March 2016, he won in the Canary Wharf Classic beating the No. 1 seed Omar Mosaad in four games, the biggest achievement of his career.

In July 2017, he won the bronze medal at The World Games 2017 in Wrocław, Poland.
Bill Sevesi
Wilfred Jeffs QSM (28 July 1923 – 23 April 2016), better known by the stage name Bill Sevesi, was a musician and master of the steel guitar who helped popularise Hawaiian-style music in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

Tongan-born Sevesi composed more than 200 songs with over 20 albums to his credit during a career spanning six decades.

He began playing the Hawaiian Steel Guitar in 1936, and in later years his band Wilfred Jeffs and the Islanders became Bill Sevesi and the Islanders. He performed all over the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Australia and United States.

He recorded some classic favourites such as '"Bye Bye Baby Goodbye" (1958) as well as recording artists such as Daphne Walker, The Yandall Sisters and Annie Crummer.

Music of Hawaii
The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. Styles like slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.

The traditional music of Hawaii's Native Hawaiian community is largely religious in nature, and includes chanting and dance music. Hawaiian music has had a notable impact on the music of other Polynesian islands; Peter Manuel called the influence of Hawaiian music a "unifying factor in the development of modern Pacific musics".
Guatemalan literature
Guatemalan literature is literature written by Guatemalan authors, whether in the indigenous languages present in the country or in Spanish. Though there was likely literature in Guatemala before the arrival of the Spanish, all the texts that exist today were written after their arrival.

Guatemalan poet and novelist Miguel Ángel Asturias won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967. Other notable Guatemalan authors include José Milla y Vidaurre, José Batres Montúfar, and Rafael Arévalo Martínez. Resistance literature has played a role in the history of Guatemala.

Resistance literature
Resistance literature includes but is not limited to fiction, cinema, drama, poetry, visual art, and song, reflecting the many forms of political resistance throughout history. Resistance literature and media actively resist oppression or oppressive systems in a creative manner. Resistance literature is one of the frameworks of art that allows movements to communicate and preserve stories of resistance.
Ona Huczkowski
Ona Serafiina Huczkowski (born 6 February 2002 in Barcelona, Spain) is a Finnish actress. Her film debut was in the 2020 youth drama film Eden, but she got her first leading role in the 2023 western comedy film The Unhanged. In addition, she has acted in Yle's comedy drama series Riding the Beat, which is set in the rap world.

Born in Barcelona as the firstborn of an artistic family, Huczkowski moved to Finland at the age of four and they live in Vallila, Helsinki. Her mother Tiina Huczkowski's roots are partly Polish and her father David Lewis is Afro-Caribbean British. She grew up in an environment where Finnish, English and Spanish were spoken.

Huczkowski has a degree in business administration. She began acting studies at the Theatre Academy in the fall of 2024.

Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.

There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.

Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.

The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.

There are also smaller Polish communities in Asia and Africa, most notably Kazakhstan and South Africa.
Robert Goldblatt
Robert Ian Goldblatt (born 1949) is a mathematical logician who is emeritus Professor in the School of Mathematics and  Statistics at Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. His doctoral advisor was Max Cresswell. His most popular books are Logics of Time and Computation and Topoi: the Categorial Analysis of Logic. He has also written a graduate level textbook on hyperreal numbers which is an introduction to nonstandard analysis.

In 1987 he took "a trip on Einstein's train" to develop hyperbolic orthogonality, the geometry of relativity of simultaneity.

He has been Coordinating Editor of The Journal of Symbolic Logic and a Managing Editor of Studia Logica.
He was elected Fellow and Councillor of the Royal Society of New Zealand, President of the New Zealand Mathematical Society, and represented New Zealand to the International Mathematical Union.
In 2012 the Royal Society of New Zealand awarded him the Jones Medal for lifetime achievement in mathematics.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Denis Osipau
Denis Osipau (born 17 July 1983 in Gomel) is a Belarusian freestyle skier, specializing in aerials.

Osipau competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Belarus. He placed 17th in the first qualifying round in the aerials, failing to advance. He subsequently placed 5th in the second qualification round, enough to progress to the final. In the first jump of the three-jump final, he finished 9th, not enough to advance further.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 5th, in the 2011 aerials.

Osipau made his World Cup debut in February 2005. As of April 2014, he has three World Cup podium finishes, with his best performance a silver medal, at Moscow in 2011–12. His best World Cup overall finish in aerials is 8th, in 2012–13.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships
The FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships is the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. It was first organized in 1986 and is now held every odd year. Currently, the disciplines included in the World Championships are Aerials, Moguls, Dual Moguls, Ski cross, Half-pipe, Slopestyle and Big air. Formerly, Acroski and a combined event were held.
Design Toscano
Design Toscano, Inc. is a US-based multinational mail order catalog and  electronic commerce company founded by Michael Stopka in 1989. It is currently headquartered in Wood Dale, Illinois. It manufactures and sells statuary, historical reproductions, furniture and home decor. Design Toscano has been featured in Inc. magazine's top 500 fastest growing companies in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Its products were also featured in the SkyMall catalog.

Design Toscano is also distributed to the United Kingdom through licensed distributors and sold through many retailers who have the full range of Design Toscano products available in the United Kingdom.

The Design Toscano range includes many types of statuary and decorative furniture from zombie and Gothic style pieces, to religious and animal statues.

SkyMall
SkyMall is a specialty publishing firm headquartered in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, best known for once publishing a self-titled in-flight publication, SkyMall, that at one point had an annual circulation of approximately 20 million copies distributed in airplane seat pockets. At one point, it reached 88% of US airline passengers. SkyMall is a multi-channel, direct marketer offering products through direct marketers and manufacturers through its SkyMall catalogue and website, skymall.com.

In January 2015, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In April 2015, it was purchased in bankruptcy court by C&A Marketing.
Johann Friedrich Henckel
Johann Friedrich Henckel (1 August 1678 – 26 January 1744) was a Prussian physician, chemist, metallurgist, and mineralogist. He taught chemistry and mineralogy at the Bergakademie Freiberg where his students included A. S. Marggraf, M.V. Lomonosov and Dmitri Vinogradov.

Henckel was born in Merseburg, the son of a physician, Johann Andreas and his wife, Anna Dorothea. After schooling at Merseburg Cathedral School (1685–94), he studied theology and medicine at Jena from 1698 after which he became a physician in Dresden. He received a doctorate in 1711 and moved to Freiberg.

In 1728, he was elected into the Leopoldina Academy. He moved back to Dresden in 1730 and began to work on minerals. He examined the chemistry of pyrites and believed in the formation of minerals through various processes such as crystallization and thus rejected the theory of instantaneous creation.

Merseburg
Merseburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.
The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.