hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic semantics (computer science)
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and reasoning about the behavior of programs. It is a form of axiomatic semantics that provides a mathematical framework for analyzing programs through the use of algebraic structures and equational logic.

Algebraic semantics represents programs and data types as algebras—mathematical structures consisting of sets equipped with operations that satisfy certain equational laws. This approach enables rigorous formal verification of software by treating program properties as algebraic properties that can be proven through mathematical reasoning. A key advantage of algebraic semantics is its ability to separate the specification of what a program does from how it is implemented, supporting abstraction and modularity in software design.

Equational logic
First-order equational logic consists of quantifier-free terms of ordinary first-order logic, with equality as the only predicate symbol. The model theory of this logic was developed into universal algebra by Birkhoff, Grätzer, and Cohn. It was later made into a branch of category theory by Lawvere ("algebraic theories").

The terms of equational logic are built up from variables and constants using function symbols (or operations).
Sally Young
Sarah L. Sheppard "Sally" Young (January 1905 – February 27, 1970) was an American bridge player from Philadelphia who won many important tournaments in the 1930s and 1940s. She was the first woman and 17th player to achieve the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) rank of Life Master (ACBL Life Master).

Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
The Mixed Board-a-Match Teams is a bridge competition held at the summer American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

From 2010 the event is officially the Freeman Mixed Board-a-Match Teams, as it is contested for the Richard Freeman Memorial Trophy, named for Richard Freeman (1933–2009). This is the fourth trophy in play, following Lebhar, Barclay, and Chicago.

The event is a board-a-match team event. 
The event typically last 2–3 days with each day being a round consisting of two sessions of 26 boards. 
The event is open.
Katana Divisional Secretariat
Katana Divisional Secretariat is a  Divisional Secretariat  of Gampaha District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka. Andiambalama, Kimbulapitiya, and Kowinna are notable municipalities within this divisional secretariat.

Western Province, Sri Lanka
The Western Province (Sinhala: බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnāhira Paḷāta; Tamil: மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Western Province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center.
Electoral division of Rowallan
The Electoral division of Rowallan was one of the 15 Tasmanian Legislative Council electorates or seats from 1999 to 2008, but it was renamed 'Western Tiers' in 2008 after a redistribution of boundaries.

From 2001, the seat was held by independent member Greg Hall.

The electorate was created after the 1999 redistribution and includes many towns in northern rural Tasmania. The boundary is 9,987 km2 in area.

Rowallan has 21,153 enrolled voters, the lowest of any of the fifteen Legislative Council constituencies.

Many towns are located within Rowallan including: Deloraine, Latrobe, Sheffield, Westbury, Cressy, Longford, Carrick, Bothwell, Frankford, Bishopsbourne, Port Sorrell, Waddamana, Interlaken and part of Perth.

The last election held on 6 May 2006 saw current member Greg Hall defeat a sole Tasmanian Greens opponent, Karen Cassidy with an 81.95% primary vote.

Frankford, Tasmania
Frankford is a locality and small rural community in the local government areas of Latrobe (in the north), West Tamar (in the east), and Meander Valley (in the west), in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the town of Launceston. 
The 2016 census determined a population of 176 for the state suburb of Frankford.
Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's tournament
The women's football tournament at the 2018 Asian Games was held from 16 to 31 August in Palembang, Indonesia. North Korea were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the quarter-finals. The host team was eliminated in the group stage.

South Korea at the 2018 Asian Games
South Korea participated in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September 2018. It was the 18th appearance of the country at the Asian Games, except the first edition in Delhi. As one of the best competitors at the Games, South Korea's best achievement was in the 2002 Busan, with the acquisition of 96 gold, 80 silver and 84 bronze medals. At the latest edition in 2014 Incheon, the country had collected 79 gold, 71 silver, and 84 bronze medals.

South Korea sent 779 athletes across 39 sports to compete in Jakarta and Palembang. Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (KOC) is aiming to finish second for the sixth consecutive Asian Games with 65 gold medals, fewer than the Incheon Asian Games four years ago. South Korea marched along with North Korea under the Korean Unification Flag at the opening ceremony, and have together fielded unified Korean teams in women's basketball, rowing and canoeing.
Prairie View Stock Farm
Prairie View Stock Farm, also known as the Bluestem Ranch, is a historic farm and national historic district in western Missouri located near Rich Hill; it covers territory in both Bates and Vernon counties. The district encompasses four contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures in a Rural Historic Landscape District.  The contributing sites include a hay meadow, a tall-fescue prairie, and a 160-acre plot of native, tall-grass prairie. It is a state-designated Prairie View Natural Area.

The contributing buildings are a transverse-crib barn/grain house (c. 1879), a barn/feeding facility, a two-story, frame, folk Victorian house (1893-1894); and a frame privy (1893-1894). The contributing structures are a storm cellar (1893-1894) and an arbor (c. 1895).: 8

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

Vernon County, Missouri
Vernon County is a county located in the western region of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,707. Its county seat is Nevada. The county was organized on February 27, 1855, considerably later than counties in the eastern part of the state. It was named for Colonel Miles Vernon (1786–1867), a state senator and veteran of the Battle of New Orleans. This area was part of the large historic territory of the Osage Nation of Native Americans.
Valina
Valina was an indie, noise rock, post-hardcore group from Linz, Austria, which existed from 1995 to 2016. They released several records on Trost Records and played many shows in Europe, the United States, Russia, Mexico and South America. The last four full-length albums were recorded by Steve Albini in Chicago. The band began recording music in 1997, releasing several 7-inch records and full-length albums. The full-length albums have been released on their Austrian label Trost Records. Both Vagabond and the Epode EP have been released in the States by 54°40' or Fight!. On April 14, 2009, Valina's album, A tempo! a tempo!, was released throughout the United States by Joyful Noise Recordings. The album "Container" was released on March 28, 2014, and their final album "In Position" was released in January 2016.

Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.
Don Bowie (climber)
Don Bowie (born December 9, 1969) is a professional high altitude climber from Alberta, Canada. Bowie's climbing endeavors have taken him to remote regions of Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, Africa, South America, Mexico, USA, and the high-arctic of Canada. In addition to being a world-class alpinist, he is an expert ski-mountaineer, avid mountain biker, long-distance trail-runner, and develops various projects portraying his climbing exploits as a writer, filmmaker, and photographer. Bowie now lives in Bishop, California, where he serves as an active member of the Inyo County Sheriff Search and Rescue Team.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Saulnier
Saulnier (French pronunciation: [so.nje]) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cyril Saulnier, French tennis player

Jeremy Saulnier, American film director

Jill Saulnier, Canadian ice hockey player

Jules Saulnier, French architect

Lucien Saulnier, Canadian politician

Raymond Saulnier (aircraft manufacturer), joint founder of the Morane-Saulnier aircraft company

Raymond J. Saulnier, American economist

Steve Saulnier, American football player and coach

Tania Saulnier, Canadian actress

Steve Saulnier
Steven Russell Saulnier is an American football coach and former player.  He currently serves as the assistant head coach and offensive line coach at the University of West Florida located in Pensacola, Florida.  Saulnier has previously served as assistant head coach and offensive line coach at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke from 2006 to 2014 as well as head football coach at Malone College—now known as Malone University—in Canton Ohio from 1999 to 2001.
Hindu views on evolution
Some Hindus have found support for, or ideas foreshadowing evolutionary ideas, in scriptures, such as the mytheme of Dashavatara, the incarnations of Vishnu starting with a fish.

In 2023, India removed references to evolution in textbooks and stopped teaching from 10th grade and below and was moved to 12th grade. In 2025, NCERT books also saw exclusion of Darwin's evolution theory.

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
Exarchate of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto
The Exarchate of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto (Latin: Exarchatus Sanctorum Cyrilli et Methodii Torontini ritus Byzantini, Slovak: Exarchát svätých Cyrila a Metoda byzantského obradu v Toronte) is a ecclesiastical territory or exarchate that serves the Slovak Greek Catholic Church — a sui juris or self governing Eastern Catholic Church. Its geographical remit includes the whole territory of Canada. In 2022, Pope Francis transferred the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the exarchate from the Slovak Greek Catholic Church to the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. It became part of the ecclesiastical Metropolis of Pittsburgh. This changed the territory's status from an eparchy to an exarchate at the same time.

Sede vacante
Sede vacante (Latin for “the seat being vacant”) is the period during which a Catholic diocese or archdiocese has no prelate in office, with the prelate's office being the cathedral.

The term is most commonly used to describe the interval between the death or resignation of a pope and the election of his successor, when the Holy See is temporarily without a pope.

During a sede vacante, the normal authority of the bishop or pope is suspended, and limited governance is carried out according to church law until a new officeholder is installed.
Karen Platt
Karen Platt is a British gardening author and publisher, best known for the reference book Black Magic and Purple Passion. She started her writing career in 1996 by self-publishing her first book, The Seed Search. She has been on BBC television, KATU, HGTV and BBC Radio several times. Her publications have been recommended by Alan Titchmarsh and others. Since 2001, much of her work has involved popularizing black plants; she founded the International Black Plant Society in 2002. Platt also runs a nursery called Black Plant Nursery.

Alan Titchmarsh
Alan Fred Titchmarsh (born 2 May 1949) is an English gardener, author and broadcaster. After working as a professional gardener and a horticultural journalist, he became a radio and television presenter and a novelist.
WEC 51
WEC 51: Aldo vs. Gamburyan was a mixed martial arts event held by World Extreme Cagefighting that took place on September 30, 2010 at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado. This was the only event that the WEC hosted in Colorado.

Broomfield, Colorado
Broomfield is a consolidated city and county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. It has a consolidated government which operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield's population was 74,112 at the 2020 United States census, making it the 15th most populous municipality and the 12th most populous county in Colorado. Broomfield is a part of the ten-county Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor.
The Platinum Collection (David Bowie album)
The Platinum Collection is a box set by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 2005 by EMI and Virgin Records. The period from 1969 to 1987 is summarised over three discs. The first disc is the same as the compilation The Best of David Bowie 1969/1974, which was released in 1997, and the second disc is the same as the 1998 compilation The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979. The third disc, original to this collection upon its release in 2005, was later re-released separately as an independent compilation The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987 by EMI on 19 March 2007 (2007-3-19). This 2007 release was part of EMI's two-disc Sight & Sound series of releases and features a DVD of 1980s videos on the second disc.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Seri muka
Kuih seri muka (Jawi: سري موک‎) , sri muka or putri salat (lit. 'pretty face cake') is a Malay originally from Malaysia and Banjarese two-layered dessert with steamed glutinous rice forming the bottom half and a green custard layer made with pandan juice (hence the green colour). Coconut milk is a key ingredient in making this kue. It is used to impart creamy taste when cooking the glutinous rice and making the custard layer. This kue is found in Indonesia (especially in South Kalimantan), Malaysia and Singapore.

In 2009, the Malaysian Department of National Heritage declared seri muka as one of 100 Malaysian heritage foods and drinks.

Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam. In steaming, the food is fully immersed in steam, with no air present, so that the steam condenses on the food, and then the condensate drips down away from the food. This is often achieved in a food steamer, a kitchen appliance made specifically to cook food with steam, but food can also be steamed in a wok. In the American Southwest, steam pits used for cooking have been found dating back about 5,000 years. Steaming is considered a healthy cooking technique that can be used for many kinds of foods.

Compared to full immersion in boiling water, steaming can be far faster and more energy-efficient because it requires heating very much less water and takes advantage of the excellent thermodynamic heat transfer properties of steam.
I Am Changing
"I Am Changing" is a song from the second act of the long-running Broadway musical Dreamgirls. Written by Henry Krieger and Tom Eyen, the song was performed by the character Effie White, originally portrayed on Broadway by Jennifer Holliday.

Jennifer Holliday
Jennifer Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960) is an American singer and actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as Your Arms Too Short to Box with God (1980–1981) and Dreamgirls (1981–1983), and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the Dreamgirls number and rhythm-and-blues/pop hit, "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going", for which she won a Grammy Award in 1983. She also won a 1982 Tony Award for Dreamgirls.
Floor (album)
Floor is the debut studio album by American sludge metal band Floor released in 2002 on the No Idea Records label. After recording EPs and demos over an approximate ten-year period in an attempt to capture the doom-pop sound they have become known for, the bands use of providing the biggest possible sound with minimal guitar work finally paid off. Giving it a positive rating, AllMusic's Gregory Heaney said of the album "...though the riffs here feel, at times, Sunn O)))-like, the thunderous drums help the whole package feel propulsive rather than ponderous."

In May 2013, Floor was inducted into Decibel Magazine’s Hall of Fame.

Decibel (magazine)
Decibel is a monthly heavy metal magazine published by the Philadelphia-based Red Flag Media since September 2004. It is currently the only monthly metal music magazine published in North America. Its sections include Upfront, Features, Reviews, Guest Columns and the Decibel Hall of Fame. The magazine's tag-line is currently "Extremely Extreme" (previously "The New Noise"); the editor-in-chief is Albert Mudrian.
Snatch Game (Canada's Drag Race season 2)
"Snatch Game" is the fourth episode of the second season of the Canadian reality competition television series Canada's Drag Race, which aired on November 4, 2021, on the television network Crave. The episode sees contestants improving celebrity impersonations while playing the Snatch Game. Connor Jessup is the guest judge, who is joined by alternating judge Traci Melchor and regular panelists Brooke Lynn Hytes and Brad Goreski.

The episode won a Canadian Screen Award for Best Picture Editing, Reality/Competition at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards.

Connor Jessup
Connor William Jessup (born June 23, 1994) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles as Ben Mason on the TNT science fiction television series Falling Skies (2011–2015), Taylor Blaine and Coy Henson in the ABC anthology series American Crime (2016–2017), and Tyler Locke in the Netflix series Locke & Key (2020–2022). He has also starred in feature films, most notably in Blackbird (2012) and Closet Monster (2015).
Kildwick
Kildwick, or Kildwick-in-Craven, is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Skipton and Keighley and had a population of 191 in 2001,  rising slightly to 194 at the 2011 census. Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. The village's amenities include a primary school, church and public house.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Keighley
Keighley (/ˈkiːθli/ ⓘ KEETH-lee) is a market town and a civil parish
in the City of Bradford Borough of West Yorkshire, England. It is the second-largest settlement in the borough, after Bradford.

Keighley is 8 miles (13 kilometres) north-west of Bradford, 4 mi (6.5 km) north-west of Bingley, 11 mi (18 km) north of Halifax and 8 mi (13 km) south-east of Skipton. It is governed by Keighley Town Council and Bradford City Council. Keighley is in West Yorkshire, close to the borders of North Yorkshire and Lancashire. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies between Airedale and Keighley Moors. At the 2011 census, Keighley had a population of 56,348.
Mario Lertora
Mario Lavinio Lertora (27 August 1897 – 28 March 1939) was an Italian artistic gymnast who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the 1928 Summer Olympics, and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1924, he was a member of the Italian team which won the gold medal in the team all-around event. In the 1924 Summer Olympics, he also participated in the following events:

parallel bars - fifth place

all-around - tenth place

rope climbing - tenth place

horizontal bar - twelfth place

rings - 15th place

pommel horse - 29th place

sidehorse vault - 32nd place

vault - 34th place

In 1932, he was part of the Italian team which won the gold medal in the team all-around event. He also won a bronze medal in the floor competition.

In the 1932 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events:

all-around - fourth place

parallel bars - fifth place

vault - eighth place

Gymnastics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar
The men's horizontal bar event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. It was one of nine gymnastics events and it was contested for the third time after 1896 and 1904. The competition was held on Saturday, July 19, 1924. Seventy-two gymnasts from nine nations competed. The event was won by Leon Štukelj of Yugoslavia, with Jean Gutweninger of Switzerland taking silver and André Higelin of France bronze. It was the first medal in the horizontal bar for each of those nations.
Anthony Ulonnam
Anthony Ulonnam is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter. He represented Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics held in London, United Kingdom and he won the silver medal in the men's 56 kg event.

He represented Nigeria at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and he won the silver medal in the men's Open bench press event.

At the 2014 World Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's 59 kg event.

At the 2015 African Games he won the silver medal in the men's 59 kg event.

2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships
The 2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships was a competition for male and female athletes with a disability. With 360 competitors from over 60 countries, the event surpassed the number of entrants of the 2012 Summer Paralympics of London. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates and ran from 5 to 11 April. The event was held in the Dubai Club for the Disabled.

The 2014 edition became the final event branded as the "IPC Powerlifting World Championships". On 30 November 2016, the International Paralympic Committee, which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including powerlifting, adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were immediately rebranded as "World Para" championships. Accordingly, future IPC powerlifting championships will be known as "World Para Powerlifting Championships".