hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NA-197 Qambar Shahdadkot-II
NA-197 Qambar Shahdadkot-II (این اے-197، قمبرشہدادکوٹ-2) is a newly created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly comprises the Nasirabad Taluka, Warah Taluka, and Qambar Ali Khan Taluka. It was created in the 2018 delimitation after the constituency overlapping between Qambar Shahdadkot District and Larkana District was ended.

Larkana District
Larkana District (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ضلعو; Urdu: ضلع لاڑکانہ) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Its largest city is Larkana, which sits on the banks of the Indus River.

Other towns in the district include Ratodero, Dokri, Bakrani, and Naodero.  In 2005, the Government of Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf bifurcated the district, forming a new district called Qamber and Shahdadkot, with the two towns of Qambar Khan and Shahdadkot.
Cocycle category
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the cocycle category of objects X, Y in a model category is a category in which the objects are pairs of maps  and the morphisms are obvious commutative diagrams between them. It is denoted by . (It may also be defined using the language of 2-categories.)

One has that if the model category is right proper and is such that weak equivalences are closed under finite products, then

is bijective.

2-category
In category theory in mathematics, a 2-category is a category with "morphisms between morphisms", called 2-morphisms. A basic example is the category Cat of all (small) categories, where a 2-morphism is a natural transformation between functors.

The concept of a strict 2-category was first introduced  by Charles Ehresmann in his work on enriched categories in 1965.  The more general concept of bicategory (or weak 2-category), where composition of morphisms is associative only up to a 2-isomorphism, was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou.

A (2, 1)-category is a 2-category where each 2-morphism is invertible.
NOAA-8
NOAA-8, known as NOAA-E before launch, was an American weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for use in the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). It was first of the Advanced TIROS-N series of satellites. The satellite design provided an economical and stable Sun-synchronous platform for advanced operational instruments to measure the atmosphere of Earth, its surface and cloud cover, and the near-space environment.

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to operate and manage the United States environmental satellite programs, and manage the data gathered by the National Weather Service and other government agencies and departments.
Alexander Cross
Sir Alexander Cross, 1st Baronet (4 November 1847 – 13 February 1914), was a Scottish politician. He served as the Liberal Unionist MP for Glasgow Camlachie.

He was elected in 1892, but towards the end of his time as an MP he defected to the Liberals and lost his seat to the Liberal Unionists in January 1910. On 5 July 1912 he was created a Baronet, of Marchbank Wood in the Parish of Kilpatrick Juxta in the County of Dumfries and of the City of Glasgow, this title was held by the Cross Baronets until it became extinct in 1963.

Liberal Unionist Party
The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington (later the Duke of Devonshire) and Joseph Chamberlain, the party established a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule. The two parties formed the ten-year-long coalition Unionist Government 1895–1905 but kept separate political funds and their own party organisations until a complete merger between the  Liberal  Unionist  and the  Conservative parties was agreed to  in May 1912.
Christopher P. Sloan
Christopher P. Sloan (born September 28, 1954) is an artist, science communicator, art director, author, and avocational paleontologist. He describes himself as a conceptual realist and is an advocate for Art for Our Sake, a term he uses to distinguish art with a purpose from art for art's sake. He teaches modern approaches to science art, animal anatomy, and information visualization online for the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Sloan is a four-time award-winning author of children's books written for the National Geographic Society. Sloan started a science media and exhibitions company, Science Visualization Archived 2019-05-21 at the Wayback Machine,  in 2010. He closed the company in 2021 to pursue his art interests. He served as executive director of the Allegany Arts Council in Cumberland, Maryland from 2014 to 2018. He was appointed to the Maryland State Arts Council by Maryland Governor Larry Hogan in 2021.

Academy of Art University
The Academy of Art University (AAU, or ART U), formerly Academy of Art College and Richard Stephens Academy of Art, is a private for-profit art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded as the Academy of Advertising Art by Richard S. Stephens in 1929. The school is one of the largest property owners in San Francisco, with the main campus located on New Montgomery Street in the South of Market district.

In fall 2024, it had 121 full-time teachers, 485 part-time teaching staff, and 6,320 students; it claims to be the largest privately owned art and design school in the United States.
Birgül Oğuz
Birgül Oğuz (born 1981, Istanbul) is a Turkish writer. She was born in İstanbul and studied Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies at Istanbul Bilgi University. She also attended the University of Edinburgh in 2006. Currently working towards a PhD in English literature at Boğaziçi University, she also teaches literature at Moda Sahnesi and Nazım Hikmet Academy in Istanbul.

She has published two works of fiction to date: Fasulyenin Bildiği (2007) and Hah (2012). The latter won the 2014 European Union Prize for Literature.

In 2015, she participated in the International Writing Program's Fall Residency at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.

International Writing Program
The International Writing Program (IWP) is a writing residency for international artists in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Since 2014, the program offers online courses to many writers and poets around the world. Since its inception in 1967, the IWP has hosted over 1,500 emerging and established poets, novelists, dramatists, essayists, and journalists from more than 150 countries. Its primary goal is to introduce talented writers to the writing community at the University of Iowa, and to provide for the writers a period of optimal conditions for their creative work. Since 2000, the IWP has been directed by poet and journalist Christopher Merrill.
Ipbuk-dong
Ipbuk-dong is an administrative neighbourhood in Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Ipbuk-dong (입북동/笠北洞) is divided into two different legal-status neighbourhoods, namely Ipbuk-dong (same name) and Dangsu-dong (당수동/堂樹洞), which are separated by the Hwanggujicheon—a stream which flows south from Wangsong Reservoir on their northern boundary with the city of Uiwang, through Suwon, eventually to Asan Bay. Dangsu-dong has Suwon's sole boundary with Ansan, and meets Hwaseong further south. The neighbourhood is 96% green belt.

Dong (administrative division)
A dong (Korean: 동; IPA: [to̞ŋ]) or neighborhood is a submunicipal level administrative unit of a city and of those cities which are not divided into wards throughout Korea. The unit is often translated as neighborhood and has been used in administrative divisions of both North Korea and South Korea.
Laura Berman (artist)
Laura Crehuet Berman (Born 1973, Barcelona, Spain) is an American and Spanish artist and printmaker based in Kansas City. Much of her work consists of abstract multicolored  monoprints that show recurrent forms overlapping to produce fields of shapes and hues. Her works are in the permanent collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City in 2001, the Rhode Island School of Design Museum in 2012, and the Spencer Museum of Art at the University of Kansas in 2016.

She is a professor of printmaking at Kansas City Art Institute (KCAI).

Monoprinting
Monoprinting is a type of printmaking where the intent is to make unique prints, that may explore an image serially. Other methods of printmaking create editioned multiples, the monoprint is editioned as 1 of 1. There are many techniques of mono-printing, in particular the monotype.  Printmaking techniques which can be used to make mono-prints include lithography, woodcut, and etching.
Mercury pollution in Canada
Mercury is a poisonous element found in various forms in Canada. It can be emitted in the atmosphere naturally and anthropogenically, the main cause of mercury emission in the environment. Mercury pollution has become a sensitive issue in Canada for the past few decades and many steps have been taken for prevention at local, national, and international levels. It has been found to have various negative health and environmental effects. Methylmercury is the most toxic form of mercury which is easily accessible as well as digestible by living organisms and it is this form of mercury causing serious harm to human and wildlife health.

Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows poisoned many people from the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation during the 1960s and 1970s in one of the worst cases of environmental poisoning in Canadian history. The effects of this poisoning are ongoing.

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation
Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe First Nations band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada.  Their landbase is the 4,145 ha (10,240 acres) English River 21 Indian Reserve.  It has a registered population of 1,595 as of October 2019, of which the on-reserve population was 971. As of October 2023, the community had a registered population of 1,608.  They are a signatory to Treaty 3.
Naga Phasa
Naga Phasa is a 1977 Indian Odia film directed by Basant Nayak. The movie stars Shriram Panda, Prashanta Nanda, Malvika Roy,Mohammad Mohsin, Banaja Mohanty and Bijay Mohanty in the leading roles,Jairam Samal, Gumansingh and Nari in supporting roles.

Cinema of Odisha
Odia cinema, also known as Ollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Odia language widely spoken in the state of Odisha. Odia Cinema is based in Cuttack in Odisha, India. The name Ollywood is a portmanteau of the words Odia and Hollywood.
Sreypii Phorn
Sreypii Phorn (Khmer: ផន ស្រីពី) is a Cambodian beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Cosmo Cambodia 2025, and reached the top 22 of Miss Intercontinental 2024. She represented Cambodia at Miss Cosmo 2025, where she placed in the Top 21.

Demographics of Cambodia
Demographic features of the population of Cambodia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Merapani
Merapani is a town and a subdivision of Golaghat district  in the state of Assam and Nagaland. Half of Merapani lies in the Wokha district of Nagaland and half lies in Golaghat District of Assam. There is a Border Magistrate Office in Merapani, Wokha. The Nagaland Seed Farm is also in Merapani. The dominant tribe of Merapani are the Lotha Naga.There are many Gorkhas family living in Merapani. Since 2000s many Bangladeshi illegal immigrants has settled in Merapani thereby changing the whole social structure of the town. Politically, Merapani falls under 40th Bhandari Assembly Constituency of Nagaland. In almost all General Elections, Merapani has been the bellwether town of 40th Bhandari Assembly constituency and has voted for the winning candidate in every Election.  Achumbemo Kikon of NPF is present MLA.

The nearest Railway station is  Furkating Junction railway station. The nearest airport is Jorhat Airport which is 65kms away.

Jorhat Airport
Jorhat Airport (IATA: JRH, ICAO: VEJT) is a domestic airport serving the cities of Jorhat and Golaghat in Assam, India. It is located at Rowriah, situated 7 km (4.3 mi) south-west from Jorhat and 51 km (32 mi) north-east from Golaghat.
216 Cardiff–Bristol Airport
Route 216 is a bus route that operates between Cardiff, Wales, and Bristol Airport, England, via Cardiff University and Newport railway station.

On 11 March 2013, Greyhound UK extended its service from Swansea to Cardiff to terminate at Bristol Airport. However, in February 2015 Greyhound UK announced that the Cardiff to Bristol Airport section would be withdrawn. Route 216 was introduced in March 2015 as a replacement for the Greyhound service. It is operated by Edwards Coaches on behalf of National Express. Route number 216 was chosen to commemorate Concorde 216, the last Concorde aircraft to complete a safe flight.

Six buses operate in each direction per day.

National Express Coaches
National Express, also abbreviated NX, is a long and medium-distance intercity coach operator operating services throughout Great Britain. It is a subsidiary of the British multinational public transport company Mobico Group. Most services are subcontracted to local coach companies. The company's head office is in offices above Birmingham Coach Station.
MultiMechanics
MultiMechanics is a software company based in Omaha, NE.  Their flagship product, MultiMech, is a multiscale finite element simulation package used for the structural analysis of advanced materials.

The company was founded in 2010 by Flavio Souza and Leandro Castro.

MultiMechanics is part of the Altair Hyperworks Partner Alliance, the Ansys App Store, and the Dassault Systèmes Partner Program.  The company was named the DesktopEngineering.com "Pick of the Week" in 2016 and the Nebraska Business Development Center’s Technology Company of the Year in 2011.

Multiscale modeling
Multiscale modeling  or multiscale mathematics is the field of solving problems that have important features at multiple scales of time and/or space. Important problems include multiscale modeling of fluids, solids, polymers, proteins, nucleic acids as well as various physical and chemical phenomena (like adsorption, chemical reactions, diffusion).

An example of such problems involve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow.

In a wide variety of applications, the stress tensor  is given as a linear function of the gradient . Such a choice for  has been proven to be sufficient for describing the dynamics of a broad range of fluids. However, its use for more complex fluids such as polymers is dubious. In such a case, it may be necessary to use multiscale modeling to accurately model the system such that the stress tensor can be extracted without requiring the computational cost of a full microscale simulation.
Fluoroantimonate
The fluoroantimonates are a family of polyatomic weakly coordinating anions composed of antimony and fluorine, consisting of the fluorine adducts of antimony pentafluoride, [(SbF5)nF]−. They occur in the internal chemistry of fluoroantimonic acid.

The most notable fluoroantimonates are hexafluoroantimonate [SbF6]− and undecafluorodiantimonate [Sb2F11]−. Both are used as components of ionic liquids and as weakly coordinating anions in the study of highly reactive cations.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Kishori Lal (Kullu politician)
Kishori Lal is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and a member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2007-2012 and won again in 2017 elections. He represented the Baijnath constituency in Kangra district. Recently he lost in 2022 assembly elections.

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The seat of the Assembly is at Shimla, the capital of the state. There are 68 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
I'm Afraid to Go Home in the Dark
I'm Afraid to Go Home in the Dark is a 1930 animated short film which is presented by Max Fleischer and was directed by Dave Fleischer. The film, which was originally released by the film company Paramount Pictures, features a sing-along version of the song "I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark", which was written by Egbert Van Alstyne and Harry Williams and was originally published in 1907.

The film also features an early prototype of Bimbo, the same that was used in the Fleischer cartoon Hot Dog, which was released in the same year.

Copyright on January 30, 1930, and released the same day, the film is part of the "Follow the bouncing ball" series entitled Screen Songs. These films would invite the audience to sing the song featured in them.

Max Fleischer
Max Fleischer (born Majer Fleischer /ˈflaɪʃər/; July 19, 1883 – September 11, 1972) was an American animator and studio owner. Born in Kraków, in Austrian Poland, Fleischer immigrated to the United States where he became a pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon and served as the head of Fleischer Studios, which he co-founded with his younger brother Dave. He brought such comic characters as Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman to the movie screen, and was responsible for several technological innovations, including the Rotoscope, the "Follow the Bouncing Ball" technique pioneered in the Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes films, and the "Stereoptical Process". Film director Richard Fleischer was his son.
Timeline of the world's richest person
This is a timeline of the wealthiest person in the world. As of February 2026, the world's richest person is Elon Musk. Other people who have had the title since the year 2000 include Larry Ellison, Bernard Arnault, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, Amancio Ortega, Carlos Slim and Warren Buffett.

Amancio Ortega
Amancio Ortega Gaona OMC (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈmanθjo oɾˈteɣa ɣaˈona]; born 28 March 1936) is a Spanish billionaire businessman. He is the founder and former chairman of Inditex fashion group, best known for its chains of Zara and Bershka clothing and accessories shops. He is considered a pioneer in fast fashion. As of 2026, Ortega had a net worth of US$147 billion, making him the second-wealthiest person in Europe after Bernard Arnault and the 10th-wealthiest in the world. For a brief period of time in 2015, he was the richest man in the world, surpassing Bill Gates when his net worth peaked at $80 billion as Zara's parent company, Inditex's, stock peaked.

He is the head of the Ortega family, and the second wealthiest retailer in the world.
Przydarłów
Przydarłów [pʂɨˈdarwuf] (German: Brederlow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kozielice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Pyrzyce and 41 km (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce [pɨˈʐɨt͡sɛ] (Kashubian: Përzëca; German: Pyritz) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland. As of 2007, it had 13,331 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town emerged from an early medieval tribal stronghold, which eventually became a castellan seat and a center of grain trade. Pyrzyce has largely preserved medieval defensive walls with several gates and towers, several medieval churches and a regional museum. It hosts one of the oldest geothermal plants in Poland.
Francis Popham (cricketer)
Francis Leyborne Popham (14 October 1809 – 30 July 1880) was an English barrister and cricketer. He was associated with Oxford University Cricket Club and made his debut in 1829.

Popham was a member of the Popham family which at that time owned Littlecote House near Ramsbury. He was educated at Harrow School and University College, Oxford, matriculating in 1827. He graduated in 1831 and was a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1831–43. He studied law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1837.

Popham bred and owned the racehorse Wild Dayrell, winner of the 1855 Derby.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Mexico City Blues
Mexico City Blues is a long poem by Jack Kerouac, consisting of 242 "choruses" or stanzas. Written mostly in the summer of 1955, the poem was not published until late 1959. The style and mood of the work were the product of the author's spontaneous prose technique, Buddhist faith, passion for jazz, and his despondency in 1955 over his stalled writing career, especially the failure to publish a second book after his debut novel, The Town and the City (1950). Once the widely acclaimed On the Road came out in 1957, it was possible for Kerouac to find a publisher for Mexico City Blues.

Long poem
The long poem is a literary genre including all poetry of considerable length.  Though the definition of a long poem is vague and broad, the genre includes some of the most important poetry ever written.

With more than 220,000 (100,000 shloka or couplets) verses and about 1.8 million words in total, the Mahābhārata is one of the longest epic poems in the world. It is roughly ten times the size of the Iliad and Odyssey combined, roughly five times longer than Dante's Divine Comedy, and about four times the size of the Ramayana and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh.

In English, Beowulf and Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde are among the first important long poems. The long poem thrived and gained new vitality in the hands of experimental Modernists in the early 1900s and has continued to evolve through the 21st century.

The long poem has evolved into an umbrella term, encompassing many subgenres, including epic, verse novel, verse narrative, lyric sequence, lyric series, and collage/montage.