hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neil Winterbotham
Neil Winterbotham was a British fashion entrepreneur and one of the founders of the London fashion boutique, Dandie Fashions.

Dandie Fashions founded by Winterbotham and Tara Browne, an heir to the Guinness fortune, opened at 161 King's Road in November 1966. Browne died in a car crash the following month.

Winterbotham was also responsible, with Dave Howson, for the management of the Middle Earth club, an early hippie music venue in London.

Neil Winterbottom's attended Westminster School. Photographs of Neil in dandy-style fashions in 1967 were originally taken for an article in Life magazine featuring King's Road fashions in 1967. He died in 2019.

King's Road
King's Road or Kings Road (or sometimes the King's Road, especially when it was the king's private road until 1830, or as a colloquialism by middle/upper class London residents) is a major street stretching through Chelsea and Fulham, both in west London, England. It is associated with 1960s style and with fashion figures such as Mary Quant and Vivienne Westwood. Sir Oswald Mosley's Blackshirt movement had a barracks on the street in the 1930s.
Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.

Missile guidance
Missile guidance is a field of engineering, specifically guidance, navigation and control, dealing with the control of missiles and guided bombs. Missile guidance systems are designed to maximize the reliability and accuracy of these weapons, by improving the likelihood they reach their target.

Guidance systems can be broadly divided into two categories: Go-onto-target (GOT) systems can be used against moving targets, and go-onto-location-in-space (GOLIS) systems attack fixed geographical positions.

Missiles and guided bombs generally use similar types of guidance system, the difference between the two being that missiles are powered by an onboard engine, whereas guided bombs rely on the speed of the launch aircraft and gravity for propulsion.
Yat
Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: Ѣ ѣ) is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet.

There is also another version of yat, the iotated yat (majuscule: ⟨Ꙓ⟩, minuscule: ⟨ꙓ⟩), which is a Cyrillic character combining a decimal I and a yat. There was no numerical value for this letter and it was not in the Glagolitic alphabet. It is encoded in Unicode 5.1 at positions U+A652 and U+A653.

Open-mid front unrounded vowel
The open-mid front unrounded vowel, or low-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is the Latin epsilon, a Latinized variant of the Greek lowercase epsilon, ⟨ɛ⟩.
Volke
Volke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Igor Volke (born 1950), Estonian ufologist and writer

Martin Volke (born 1982), Czech ice hockey player

Maximilian Volke (1915–1944), German World War II flying ace

Igor Volke
Igor Volke (19 January 1950 – 14 November 2024) was an Estonian ufologist and researcher of environmental anomalies.

In 1985 he founded the organization AKRAK (Anomaalsete Keskkonnanähtuste Registreerimise ja Analüüsi Komisjon) for the purpose of collecting reports of anomalous environmental phenomena, particularly UFO reports, throughout Estonia. For a while, it operated in the Tallinn House of Engineers (Estonian: Tallinna Inseneride Maja). AKRAK became inactive and was later replaced by EUFON (Estonian UFO Network).

Volke was born in Jõgeva on 19 January 1950. He graduated from Tallinn School No. 21 in 1968, and Tallinn University of Technology in 1972. He worked in the Tallinn fire department from 1970–2000, and since 2000 worked at the National Library of Estonia as an occupational safety specialist. He was married and had three children. Volke died on 14 November 2024, at the age of 74.
Stooke
Stooke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elliott Stooke (born 1993), English rugby union player

George F. Stooke (1867–1907), English physician and medical missionary

Nathan Stooke (born 1976), American swimmer

Wally Stooke (1895–1962), Australian rules football player, coach, and administrator

Nathan Stooke
Nathan Stooke (born May 28, 1976, in Southern Illinois) is a male freestyle swimmer from the United States who was part of a World Aquatic team championship bronze medal for America in the 25 km Open Water Swim in Perth, Australia in 1998. In August 1997, after winning an individual bronze medal at the Pan Pacific Championships in Japan, he was rated third best in the world in the 25 km (15.5 mile) Open Water event. In 2003, he founded Wisper Internet, an Illinois-based wireless high speed provider of internet service to rural areas, and has served as their CEO.
Euzopherodes lutisignella
Euzopherodes lutisignella is a species of snout moth in the genus Euzopherodes. It was described by Josef Johann Mann in 1869. It is found in Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and on Sicily. It has also been recorded from Kyrgyzstan.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Gilded flicker
The gilded flicker (Colaptes chrysoides) is a large woodpecker (mean length of 29 cm (11 in)) of the Sonoran, Yuma, and eastern Colorado Desert regions of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, including all of the Baja California peninsula except the extreme northwestern region. Yellow underwings distinguish the gilded flicker from the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) found within the same region, which has red underwings.

Colorado Desert
The Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert located in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico. It encompasses approximately 7 million acres (2,800,000 ha; 28,000 km2), including the heavily irrigated Coachella, Imperial and Mexicali valleys. It is home to many unique flora and fauna.
Taywara District
Taywara (Teyvareh) district is located in the southern part of Ghor province in Afghanistan. The population is 88,900 people. The district center is the town of Taywara.

The district has 400 km (250 mi) of gravel roads. The terrain is mountainous and in the winter the roads are often inaccessible.

Ghor Province
Ghōr (Pashto, Dari: غور) also known as Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people. Firuzkoh (known as “Chaghcharan” until 2014) is the capital of the province.
2005 Copa Indonesia
The 2005 Copa Indonesia was the first edition of Piala Indonesia, the nationwide football cup tournament in Indonesia, involving clubs from Premier Division, First Division and Second Division. The winner of the tournament qualified to play for 2006 AFC Champions League.

Arema Malang became champions after a victory over Persija Jakarta in the final match at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, Jakarta.

Liga Indonesia First Division
Liga Indonesia First Division (Indonesian: Divisi Satu Liga Indonesia) was the third level football competition in Indonesian football league system (often called as Liga Indonesia). This competition is managed by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI).

Prior to 2008, the formation of Indonesia Super League, First Division was on the second tier.

After the establishment of the Liga Nusantara in 2014, in 2015 the First Division was dissolved.
Pátria
"Pátria" (English: "Fatherland") is the national anthem of Timor-Leste. It was originally adopted when East Timor unilaterally declared its independence from Portugal in 1975. However, this usage would be short-lived, when the country was invaded by Indonesia. It was officially re-adopted when the independence of Timor-Leste was finally restored in 2002 following a United Nations intervention.

The music was composed by Afonso Redentor Araújo, and the words were written by the poet Francisco Borja da Costa, who was killed by Indonesian forces at the time of the invasion. It was originally sung exclusively in Portuguese, however there is now a Tetum version.

East Timorese Portuguese
East Timorese Portuguese (Portuguese: português timorense), is the variety of the Portuguese language spoken in Timor-Leste. It is one of the official languages of Timor-Leste alongside Tetum. As with other Lusophone countries besides Brazil, the Portuguese language curriculum in Timor-Leste is based on European Portuguese, with some localisations in pronunciation. Timor-Leste is the only sovereign state in Asia with Portuguese as an official language (excluding Macau which is a special autonomous region of China). There is a growing demand for Portuguese-language courses in the country, both at early-learning and tertiary levels of education.
Chalmazel
Chalmazel, in Forézian Arpitan Vers-Charmasél (pronounced [ve.ʃam.ˈze]), is a former French commune in the Loire department of the Rhône-Alpes region, known for its winter sports resort and château.

By decree of October 22, 2015, effective January 1, 2016, Chalmazel merges with Jeansagnière to create the first new commune in the Loire: Chalmazel-Jeansagnière.

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.
Delfino
Delfino (It: "Dolphin") can refer to:

Delfino (name), which can be both a surname and a given name

Italian submarine Delfino (1890)

Italian submarine Delfino (1930)

Delfino Pescara 1936, an Italian football team

Delfino (car company), manufacturer of the Delfino Feroce

Alfa Romeo Delfino, or simply Delfino, a 1983 concept car

Isle Delfino, a fictional island in Super Mario Sunshine

Alfa Romeo Delfino
The Delfino is a concept car built by Alfa Romeo in 1983.

The car was a 2-door coupé designed by Bertone, and was based on the Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 platform. It was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in 1983.

The Delfino had a Busso V6 engine that displaced 2,492 cc (152.1 cu in), and developed 158 hp (117.8 kW) of power at 5600 rpm.
OnTrack
OnTrack was a suburban rail line that operated in Syracuse, New York, from 1994 to 2008. The line ran from the Carousel Center (today's Destiny USA) on the city's north side via Armory Square and Syracuse University to Colvin Street, with summer weekend service south to Jamesville, mainly using 1950s-era diesel railcars.

The line was the result of a public-private partnership between the state of New York, Onondaga County and the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYSW), a Class II regional freight carrier. The NYSW received tax breaks and grants in exchange for operating passenger service on the Syracuse line. Although OnTrack was initially successful, ridership declined and was ultimately discontinued due to inadequate rush hour service, poor publicity and failure to connect to Syracuse's Amtrak and intercity bus routes.

In recent years, there have been proposals to complete the line and restart passenger service, potentially as a light rail system.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Mullingar, Saskatchewan
Mullingar is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, located 25 kilometres south-southwest of Spiritwood, 40 kilometres southeast of Glaslyn and about seven kilometres from Rabbit Lake.

It was named after the town of Mullingar in Ireland.

Glaslyn, Saskatchewan
Glaslyn (2016 population: 387) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Parkdale No. 498 and Census Division No. 17. The village is located 67 km north of the City of North Battleford and 91 km south of Meadow Lake at the intersection of Highway 4 and Highway 3.
Blood Fire Death
Blood Fire Death is the fourth studio album by Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released in October 1988, through Music for Nations sublabel, Under One Flag. 
This is the first Bathory album that would use anonymous session musicians (credited under the Satanic pseudonyms "Kothaar" and "Vvornth") until Blood on Ice released in 1996.

The album, although mostly black metal, includes some of the first examples of Viking metal. According to the book Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult by Dayal Patterson, Blood Fire Death began a second trilogy, an era Quorthon described as the "pre-Christian Swedish Viking Era".

Under One Flag
Under One Flag was a British record label from London, which catered to a heavy metal audience, particularly thrash metal. They were best known for re-releasing classic heavy metal albums, from the likes of Venom and Dark Angel, as well as some original releases from both bands and other heavy metal bands. Releases on vinyl by Under One Flag are sometimes still much desired collector's items.
Department of Higher Education (India)
Department of Higher Education is the department under Ministry of Education that oversees higher education in India.

The department is responsible for the overall development of the basic infrastructure of Higher Education sector, both in terms of policy and planning. It looks after expansion of access and qualitative improvement in the Higher Education, through world class Universities, Colleges and other Institutions.

The department is empowered to grant deemed university status to educational institutions on the advice of the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India, under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956.

National Education Policy 2020
The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020), which was started by the Union Cabinet of India on 29 July 2020, outlines the vision of new education system of India. The new policy replaces the previous National Policy on Education, 1986.

Shortly after the release of the policy, the government clarified that no one will be forced to study any particular language and that the medium of instruction will not be shifted from English to any regional language. The language policy in NEP is a broad guideline and advisory in nature; and it is up to the states, institutions, and schools to decide on the implementation. Education in India is a Concurrent List subject.

The policy has faced criticism from multiple scholars and educationists for its hasty implementation, with some calling it a threat to equitable education. Its implementation has also led to nationwide protests across India.
Terakawa
Terakawa (written: 寺川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aya Terakawa (寺川 綾, born 1948), Japanese swimmer

Yoshito Terakawa (寺川 能人, born 1974), Japanese footballer

Aimi Terakawa (寺川 愛美, born 1991), Japanese voice actor

Aimi (actress)
Aimi Terakawa (寺川 愛美, Terakawa Aimi; born December 25, 1991), professionally known under the mononym Aimi (愛美) is a Japanese voice actress, singer and guitarist from Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture who is affiliated with the talent agency Hibiki. After aspiring to become an entertainer for part of her life, she started her singing career in 2011 after winning an audition to become part of the Tantei Opera Milky Holmes franchise. That same year, she made her solo music debut with the release of her first single "Tenshi no Clover"; the title song was used as the opening theme to the anime series Astarotte no Omocha!.

Aimi is a member of the singing unit Feathers, together with fellow voice actress Ayasa Itō. She is also the voice of the idol Julia in the game The Idolmaster Million Live!, and the voice of Kasumi Toyama in the multimedia franchise BanG Dream!; Aimi also performs live as part of the BanG Dream! in-universe band Poppin'Party.
Raymond-Guilhem de Caupenne
Raymond-Guilhem de Caupenne (died 1374), Seigneur of Caupenne, was a French noble who took part in the Hundred Years War. He led the defense of Saint-Jean-d'Angély in 1351 against a French force laying siege to the town. He died in 1374.

Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1351)
The siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély took place from February to August 1351 when a French army besieged an English garrison within the town of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Saintonge, France during the Hundred Years' War. An English relief force was victorious at the Battle of Saintes, however was unable to relieve the town. With the personal appearance of King John II of France at the siege, the English garrison surrendered.
Mount Taibai
Mount Taibai (Chinese: 太白山; pinyin: Tàibái Shān) is a mountain located on the border between Mei, Taibai and Zhouzhi counties in the south west of Shaanxi Province, China on the watershed between the Han River and the Wei River. Its highest point, Baxiantai (Chinese: 拔仙台), rises to a height of 3,767 m (12,359 ft), the tallest in the Qinling Range as well as Eastern China.

Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)
The Han River, also known by its Chinese names Hanshui and Hanjiang, is a major river in Central China. A left tributary of the Yangtze, the longest river in Asia, it has a length of 1,532 km (952 mi) and is the longest tributary of the Yangtze system.

The river gave its name to the ancient Chinese Han dynasty, which marked one of ancient China's first golden ages and through it, to the Han Chinese, the dominant ethnic group in modern China and the most populous ethnic group in the world.  It is also the namesake of the city of Hanzhong on its upper course.
Airdevronsix Icefalls
Airdevronsix Icefalls (77°31′S 160°22′E﻿ / ﻿77.517°S 160.367°E﻿ / -77.517; 160.367) is a line of icefalls at the head of Wright Upper Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Named by U.S. Navy Operation Deepfreeze (1956–57) for U.S. Navy Air Development Squadron Six, which had been formed to provide air support for the Deep Freeze operations and which had also carried out many important Antarctic exploratory flights.

This icefall belongs to one of the world's most impressive natural landmarks and is approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) wide and 400 metres (1,300 feet) tall. It has formed on Jurassic dolerite sill, which has intruded in Devonian - Triassic sandstone.

Wright Upper Glacier
Wright Upper Glacier (77°32′S 160°35′E﻿ / ﻿77.533°S 160.583°E﻿ / -77.533; 160.583﻿ (Wright Upper Glacier)) is an ice apron at the upper west end of Wright Valley in the Asgard Range, Antarctica. 
It is formed by a glacier flowing east from the inland ice plateau. 
It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1958–59) for C. S. Wright, a member of the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13), after whom the "Wright Glacier" (adjusted to Wright Lower Glacier by the VUWAE) was named.
Adam Lindemann
Adam Lindemann is a New York-based gallerist, art collector and writer who founded Venus Over Manhattan gallery in New York City in 2012. As an art collector and gallerist, Lindemann is known for setting multiple world records both at auction and privately, including career records for Jeff Koons, Takashi Murakami, Jean-Michel Basquiat and Jean Royère. His personal collection includes work from Richard Prince, Maurizio Cattelan, Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons, Andy Warhol, and Urs Fischer. Lindemann wrote for The New York Observer from 2009 to 2017, and authored two books about contemporary art.

Takashi Murakami
Takashi Murakami (村上 隆, Murakami Takashi; born February 1, 1962) is a Japanese contemporary artist. He works in fine arts (such as painting and sculpture) as well as commercial media (such as fashion, merchandise, and animation) and is known for blurring the line between high and low arts. His work draws from the aesthetic characteristics of the Japanese artistic tradition and the nature of postwar Japanese culture. He has designed covers for several hip hop albums, namely Kanye West's Graduation (2007), Future's eponymous fifth studio album (2017), West and Kid Cudi's Kids See Ghosts (2018), and Juice Wrld's posthumous The Party Never Ends (2024).

Murakami is the founder and President of the art trading company Kaikai Kiki Co., Ltd. through which he manages several artists. He was the founder and organizer of the biannual art fair Geisai.
John Moore (broadcaster)
John Sanford Moore (born June 5, 1966), better known as John Moore, is a Canadian radio and television broadcaster, film critic, voice actor and comedian. He works for the CFRB 1010 radio station in Toronto, Ontario.

National Post
The National Post is a Canadian English-language broadsheet newspaper and the flagship publication of the American-owned Postmedia Network. It is published Mondays through Saturdays, with Monday released as a digital e-edition only. The newspaper is distributed in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia. Weekend editions of the newspaper are also distributed in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.

The newspaper was founded in 1998 by Conrad Black in an attempt to compete with The Globe and Mail. In 2001, CanWest completed its acquisition of the National Post. In 2006, the newspaper ceased distribution in Atlantic Canada and the Canadian territories. Postmedia assumed ownership of the newspaper in 2010, after the CEO of the National Post's, Paul Godfrey, assembled an ownership group to acquire CanWest's chain of newspapers.