hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presidential Policy Directive 20
Presidential Policy Directive 20 (PPD-20) provides a framework for U.S. cybersecurity by establishing principles and processes. Signed by President Barack Obama in October 2012, this directive supersedes National Security Presidential Directive NSPD-38. Integrating cyber tools with those of national security, the directive complements NSPD-54/Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-23.

Classified and unreleased by the National Security Agency (NSA), NSPD-54 was authorized by George W. Bush. It gives the U.S. government power to conduct surveillance through monitoring.

Its existence was made public in June 2013 by former intelligence NSA infrastructure analyst Edward Snowden.

Network monitoring
Network monitoring is the use of a system that constantly monitors a computer network for slow or failing components and that notifies the network administrator (via email, SMS or other alarms) in case of outages or other trouble. Network monitoring is part of network management.
Luís Amado
Luís Filipe Marques Amado GCC (born 17 September 1953) is a Portuguese politician who served as Minister of Defence, from 2005 to 2006, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, from 2006 to 2011, in the XVII and XVIII Constitutional Governments of Portugal, led by the Socialist Party. On 30 June 2007, he succeeded to the EU Council Presidency on behalf of Portugal.

XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal
The XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: XVIII Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the 18th government of the Third Portuguese Republic, under the Portuguese Constitution of 1976. It was in office from 26 October 2009 to 21 June 2011, and was formed by the members of the Socialist Party (PS). José Sócrates, leader of the PS, served as Prime Minister.
2023 Archery World Cup
The 2023 Archery World Cup, also known as the Hyundai Archery World Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 17th edition of the international archery circuit organised annually by World Archery. The 2023 World Cup consisted of five events, and ran from 18 April to 10 September 2023.

Hyundai Group
Hyundai Group (Korean: 현대그룹; Korean pronunciation: [ˈçəːndɛ]) is a South Korean conglomerate founded by Chung Ju-yung. The group was founded in 1947 as a construction company. With government assistance, Chung and his family members rapidly expanded into various industries, eventually becoming South Korea's second chaebol.  Chung Ju-yung was directly in control of the company until his death in 2001.

The company spun off many of its better known businesses after the 1997 Asian financial crisis and founder Chung Ju-yung's death, including Hyundai Motor Group,  Hyundai Department Store Group, and Hyundai Heavy Industries Group. The Hyundai Group is now primarily focused on logistics and services.
4-Cl-PHP
4-Chloro-alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (4-Cl-PHP) is a substituted cathinone derivative with stimulant effects, which has been sold as a designer drug. It was first officially identified by forensic laboratories in 2016, though anecdotal reports suggest it may have been available several years prior to this.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Settecamini archaeological area
The Settecamini archaeological area is in the Settecamini district on the eighth mile of the ancient via Tiburtina Valeria from central Rome. It was discovered in 1951. It is at the halfway point between Rome and Tivoli and crosses the road from the River Aniene to Etruria and Sabina.

The area includes the remains of several buildings of a settlement, abandoned in the 5th century, along with its monumental tombs and the ancient road surface of the via Tiburtina Valeria. The earliest building is an early Christian building inserted in a 1st-century BC pagan temple. There is a courtyard with a central well, from which lead two side entrances.

The best-preserved building is the 'taberna', probably a rest stop for travellers, which contains an Imperial-era mosaic. It seems to have been in use from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD, as shown by its several phases, and may have fuilfilled different roles over its lifetime.

Via Valeria
The Via Valeria was an ancient Roman road of Italy, the continuation north-eastwards of the Via Tiburtina from Tibur. It probably owed its origin to Marcus Valerius Messalla, censor in 154 BC. A second Via Valeria, the Via Valeria of Sicily, connected Messina and Siracusa on the island of Sicily.
Kolgu
Kolgu is a village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It lies on the Valgejõgi River, just northwest of the town of Tapa.

The western part, which is about half of the villages territory, is occupied by Keskpolügoon, the central training area of the Estonian Defence Forces.

Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 4, covering parts of Posta and Jorasanko neighbourhoods in North Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Jorasanko
Jorasanko is a neighbourhood of North Kolkata, in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India. It is so called because of the two (jora) wooden or bamboo bridges (sanko) that spanned a small stream at this point.
La Granja (2004 TV series)
La Granja is the local version of the reality show The Farm in Spain. Two seasons of the show were aired on Antena 3, in 2004 and 2005. The format would be brought back by rival channel Telecinco in 2011, under the title Acorralados, and once more by Telecinco in 2022 as Pesadilla en el paraíso.

Terelu Campos
Teresa Lourdes Borrego Campos (born 31 August 1965) is a Spanish radio and TV presenter, tertulia participant, and businesswoman. She is the elder daughter of journalist and presenter María Teresa Campos.
The Old Neighborhood (book)
The Old Neighborhood: What We Lost in the Great Suburban Migration: 1966–1999 is a 1999 non-fiction book by Ray Suarez. It describes the process of urban flight, as it has occurred in the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s.

Urban flight
Urban flight, sometimes referred to as suburban colonization, is the movement of people from an urban area to its suburbs. The phenomenon is often studied for the effects that it has on the city, especially the reduction of political power and the reduction of tax revenue which occurs as a result of the depopulation.
Glusco (gas stations)
Glusco is a subsidiary of the Greenenergo Trading S.A. that operates a national chain of gasoline stations and convenience stores in Ukraine. The Greenenergo Trading S.A. itself is part of the bigger SNEL Energy Limited directed by Dimitrios Anifantakis.

Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine
The Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (AMK) (Ukrainian: Антимонопольний комітет України, romanized: Antymonopolnyi komitet Ukrainy) is the supreme competition regulator in Ukraine. It is a state authority with special status, aimed at providing the state protection to competition in the field of entrepreneurial activity.
Chyrstyn Fentroy
Chyrstyn Mariah Fentroy is an American ballet dancer. She currently dances as a principal with the Boston Ballet and is a former principal dancer at Dance Theatre of Harlem. When Fentroy joined Boston Ballet in 2017, she was the first African-American female dancer to join the company in a decade.

Joffrey Ballet
The Joffrey Ballet is an American dance company and training institution in Chicago, Illinois. The Joffrey regularly performs classical and contemporary ballets during its annual performance season at the Civic Opera House, including its annual presentation of The Nutcracker.

Founded in 1956 by dance pioneers Robert Joffrey and Gerald Arpino, the company has earned a reputation for boundary-breaking performances, including its 1987 presentation of Vaslav Nijinsky's The Rite of Spring, which reconstructed the original choreography from the 1913 premiere that was thought to be lost. Many choreographers have worked with the Joffrey, including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, and George Balanchine.
Galactic Milieu Series
The Galactic Milieu Series is a series of science fiction novels by Julian May. It is linked to her previously published series, the Saga of Pliocene Exile; and through the fantastical device of time-travel, acts as both a prequel and a sequel to this earlier series. The "Galactic Milieu" of the title is an interplanetary federation, and Earth's membership of it is a central plot concern.

It comprises four novels. Intervention covers the events leading up to Earth joining the Galactic Milieu, followed by the three books of the Galactic Milieu Trilogy – Jack the Bodiless, Diamond Mask and Magnificat – which together cover the events of Earth's membership of the Galactic Milieu.

The series involves several religious and philosophical themes, including references to the work of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
Koysha Dam
Koysha Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that has been under construction since 2016 on the Omo River in South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region. Owned by Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP), the dam will produce up to 6460 GWh of electricity per year. In May 2016, the Italian firm Salini Impregilo contracted with EEP to build the dam, which will be 180 m high and made of rolled-compacted concrete (RCC).  The reservoir volume will be 9×109 m3. Once completed, the dam will be the second-largest dam in Ethiopia after the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).

South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region
The Southwest Ethiopia Region, officially the Southwest Ethiopia Peoples' Regional State (Amharic: የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yedebubi Mi‘irabi Ītiyop’iya Hizibochi Kilili) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was split off from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 23 November 2021 after a successful referendum.

It consists of the Keffa, Sheka, Bench Sheko, Dawro, West Omo Zones, and Konta Zone. The working language of the region is Amharic.
Arrondissement of Roanne
The arrondissement of Roanne is located in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. It is composed of 113 communes. Its population is 157,642 (2021), and its area is 1,779.9 km2 (687.2 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Ellingstring
Ellingstring is a village and civil parish in Wensleydale in North Yorkshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Leyburn, and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Masham. Historically it was in the wapentake of Hang East. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The population of the parish was estimated at 80 in 2012.

The parish now shares a grouped parish council, known as Fearby, Healey and District Parish Council, with Colsterdale, Fearby, Healey and Ilton cum Pott. It falls within the Skipton and Ripon constituency for the UK Parliament. The name of the village was first recorded in 1198 as Elingstrengge, and derives from the Old English Ella and the Old Norse strengr, meaning watercourse.

Hang East
Hang East was a Wapentake (Hundred), which is an administrative division (or ancient district), in the historic county of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was one of the smaller wapentakes by area and consisted of nine parishes and two towns; Bedale and Masham.
Ridgeway (Louisville, Kentucky)
Ridgeway is a Federal-style house built in 1805 in Louisville, Kentucky near St. Matthews, Kentucky.  It is located at 4095 Massie Avenue.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

It is a one-story brick house with brick laid in Flemish bond.  Its design includes "three principal masses or pavilions" each "surmounted by a hipped roof.  It has a tetrastyle Doric portico which was admired by architectural critic Rexford Newcomb in his book Architecture In Old Kentucky.

Landscape architect Arthur W. Cowell designed gardens for Ridgeway in the 1920s.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
Banten invasion of Palembang
The Banten invasion of Palembang was a military conflict between the Palembang Sultanate, with the support of Portuguese mercenaries, against the Banten Sultanate. Launched by Sultan Maulana Muhammad, it had the aim of conquering the sultanate, in order to control the pepper trade. According to other sources, the invasion was also launched because Maulana Muhammad was incited by Prince Mas, who wished to become king of Palembang.

Palembang Sultanate
The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam (Malay: كسلطانن ڤلمبڠ دارالسلام, romanized: Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam) was a sultanate in Indonesia whose capital was the city of Palembang in the southern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was proclaimed in 1659 by Susuhunan Abdurrahman (1659–1706) and dissolved by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies on 7 October 1823. In 1825, its last ruler, Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin, was arrested and sent into exile on the island of Banda Neira in the Moluccas.
Menegazzia ramulicola
Menegazzia ramulicola is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Australia, the species was described as new to science by Australian lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas in 2012. The type specimen was collected in Mount Field National Park (Tasmania) at an altitude of 1,030 m (3,380 ft), where it was growing on the Tasmanian endemic plant narrow leaf orites (Orites revolutus) in a woodland. The specific epithet ramulicola  refers to its usual habitat, young twigs.

The medulla of Menegazzia ramulicola contains stictic acid and lecanoric acid. It has a compact thallus that envelops twigs, and has few perforations (these perforations are typically a characteristic feature of genus Menegazzia).

Stictic acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens.

Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in vitro. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 reactivation.
Lake Akşehir
Lake Akşehir (Turkish: Akşehir Gölü) is a tectonic freshwater endorheic lake in Afyonkarahisar and Konya provinces, in the southwestern part of Turkey. It carries the same name as the town of Akşehir south of the lake.

The lake is fed by the Eber Channel, five larger streams from the Sultan Mountains, and many smaller streams. The lake's salinity increases towards the middle and northern parts due to underground spring waters. The lake is used for irrigation.

Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (/ˌɛndoʊˈriː.ɪk/ EN-doh-REE-ik; also endoreic basin and endorreic basin) is a drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water (such as rivers and oceans). Instead, the water drainage flows into permanent and seasonal lakes and swamps that equilibrate through evaporation. Endorheic basins are also called closed basins, terminal basins, and internal drainage systems.

Endorheic regions contrast with open lakes (exorheic regions), where surface waters eventually drain into the ocean. In general, water basins with subsurface outflows that lead to the ocean are not considered endorheic; but cryptorheic. Endorheic basins constitute local base levels, defining a limit of the erosion and deposition processes of nearby areas. Endorheic water bodies include the Caspian Sea, which is the world's largest inland body of water.
Ice Skating Association of India
The Ice Skating Association of India (ISAI) is the national governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating in India. The ISAI is affiliated to the International Skating Union, and the Asian Skating Union.

Asian Skating Union
The Asian Skating Union (ASU) is the Asian governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. It is based in Seoul, South Korea.
Nazar (1991 film)
Nazar (The Gaze) is a 1991 Hindi-language film based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's 1876 short story, "The Meek One". The film produced by the National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC) was directed by Mani Kaul and starred his daughter Shambhavi Kaul with Shekhar Kapur and Surekha Sikri.

The film travelled to international festivals like the Birmingham Film Festival in UK, Fribourg Film Festival in Germany, Hong Kong International Film Festival, Lisbon Film Festival in Portugal, Locarno Film Festival in Switzerland, London Film Festival in UK, Rotterdam Film Festival in Netherlands, Festival des 3 Continents at Nantes in France and the Seattle International Film Festival in United States.

National Film Development Corporation of India
The National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC) based in Mumbai is the central agency established in 1975, to encourage high quality Indian cinema. It functions in areas of film financing, production and distribution and under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. The primary goal of the NFDC is to plan, promote and organise an integrated and efficient development of the Indian film industry and foster excellence in cinema.
The Satin Girl
The Satin Girl is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Arthur Rosson and starring Mabel Forrest, Norman Kerry, and Marc McDermott. The main themes of the film are amnesia and brainwashing. Lenore Vance, the main character, loses her memory due to shock. A wicked uncle reprograms her into a robber.

Arthur Rosson
Arthur Henry Rosson (24 August 1886 – 17 June 1960) was an English film director. From 1917 to 1948, Rosson directed 61 feature films (including co-direction of Red River).  He also worked on many major films as a second unit director until 1960, particularly for Cecil B. DeMille.
George Wilbraham
George Wilbraham, FRS (8 March 1779 – 24 January 1852) of Delamere, Cheshire was an English Whig MP.

He was the eldest surviving son of George Wilbraham, MP of Delamere Lodge (but previously of Nantwich, Cheshire) and educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father to Delamere Lodge in 1813.

He was elected MP for Stockbridge in 1826, for Cheshire in 1831 and for the newly created Cheshire South in 1832. He was appointed High Sheriff of Cheshire for 1844–45.

Wilbraham was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1821.

He married Lady Anne Fortescue, the daughter of Hugh Fortescue, 1st Earl Fortescue, and had five sons. He died in 1852. He was succeeded by his eldest son, George Fortescue Wilbraham.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.