hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lindau (surname)
Lindau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arvid Lindau (1892–1958), Swedish pathologist

Baruch Lindau (1759–1849), German-Jewish writer

Bill Lindau (1903–1989), American race car driver

Gustav Lindau (1866–1923), German botanist

Ingolf Lindau (born 1942), Swedish physicist

James H. Lindau, American politician, mayor of Bloomington, Minnesota, from 1977 to 1987

Karl Lindau, pen and stage name of Karl Gemperle (1853–1934), Austrian actor, writer and librettist

Märta Boman (1902–1986), née Lindau, Swedish politician

Paul Lindau (1839–1919), German writer, brother of the writer Rudolf Lindau

Peter Lindau (born 1972), Swedish footballer

Peeter Lindau (1886–?), Estonian politician

Rudolf Lindau (diplomat) (1829–1910), German writer

Rudolf Lindau (politician) (1888–1977), German politician and historian

Peter Lindau
Peter Lindau (born 9 December 1972) is a Swedish retired football midfielder.

He started his career in Halmstads BK, and joined Lunds BK in 1994. He broke his leg and only got three matches, but joined IS Halmia the next year. He joined Ayr United in August 1999, and remained with them until August 2000. In between he spent time on loan at Partick Thistle from December 1999 to March 2000. In August 2000 he joined Partick Thistle permanently, leaving them in June 2001. He then joined Strømsgodset IF, and played eleven Norwegian Premier League game in 2001, scoring four goals. Strømsgodset were relegated, but Lindau stayed there until after the 2004 season. He was rumored to transfer to IF Birkebeineren, Mjøndalen IF or Hønefoss BK, but chose Kongsvinger IL. He scored 12 goals in 67 games over three seasons.

Ahead of the 2008 season he became head coach of IS Halmia.
Platonic epistemology
In philosophy, Plato's epistemology is a theory of knowledge developed by the Greek philosopher Plato and his followers.

Platonic epistemology holds that knowledge of Platonic Ideas is innate, so that learning is the development of ideas buried deep in the soul, often under the midwife-like guidance of an interrogator.  In several dialogues by Plato, the character Socrates presents the view that each soul existed before birth with the Form of the Good and a perfect knowledge of Ideas.  Thus, when an Idea is "learned" it is actually just "recalled".

Plato drew a sharp distinction between knowledge, which is certain, and mere true opinion, which is not certain.  Opinions derive from the shifting world of sensation; knowledge derives from the world of timeless Forms, or essences.  In The Republic, these concepts were illustrated using the metaphor of the Sun, the analogy of the divided line, and the allegory of the cave.

Analogy of the Sun
The analogy of the Sun (or simile of  the Sun or metaphor of the Sun) is found in the sixth book of The Republic (507b–509c), written by the Greek philosopher Plato as a dialogue between his brother Glaucon and Socrates, and narrated by the latter. Upon being urged by Glaucon to define goodness, a cautious Socrates professes himself incapable of doing so.: 169   Instead he draws an analogy and offers to talk about "the child of goodness": 169  (Ancient Greek: "ἔκγονός τε τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ"). Socrates reveals this "child of goodness" to be the Sun, proposing that just as the Sun illuminates, bestowing the ability to see and be seen by the eye,: 169  with its light, so the idea of goodness illumines the intelligible with truth. While the analogy sets forth both epistemological and ontological theories, it is debated whether these are most authentic to the teaching of Socrates or its later interpretations by Plato.
Sadik Rama
Sadik Rama (1879 – 1944) was a Kosovo Albanian kaçak guerrilla fighter who fought against the Serbian annexation of Kosovo in 1912. Following the Ottoman defeat, he continued to participate along Isa Boletini and Bajram Curri in the national revolt of 1913–14 in Llapushe. He joined the kaçak guerrillas in 1919 with support from the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo. He fought alongside Azem Bejta during his lifetime.

Bajram Curri
Bajram Curri (16 January 1862 – 29 March 1925) was an Albanian chieftain, politician and activist who struggled for the independence of Albania, later struggling for Kosovo's incorporation into it following the 1913 Treaty of London. He was posthumously given the title Hero of Albania.
Baron Farnborough
Baron Farnborough is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation came on 8 July 1826 when the politician and art collector Charles Long, of Saxmundham in Suffolk, was made Baron Farnborough, of Bromley Hill Place in the County of Kent. The title became extinct on his death in 1838. Lord Farnborough was the brother of Samuel Long, Member of Parliament for Ilchester, and Beeston Long, Governor of the Bank of England. The barony referred to Farnborough, Kent.

The second creation came on 11 May 1886 when the constitutional theorist Sir Erskine May was made Baron Farnborough, of Farnborough in the County of Southampton. He died only six days later, when the peerage became extinct. The second creation of the barony of Farnborough is the second shortest-lived peerage title in British history (after the barony of Leighton). The barony referred to Farnborough, Hampshire.

Farnborough, London
Farnborough is a large village in Greater London, England. Historically within Kent, it is situated south of Locksbottom, west of Green Street Green, north of Downe and Hazelwood, and east of Keston, it is centred 13.4 miles (21.6 km) southeast of Charing Cross.

Suburban development following the Second World War resulted in the area becoming almost contiguous with the Greater London conurbation, but the village is still surrounded by open farmland. The area has formed part of the London Borough of Bromley local authority district since the formation of the ceremonial county of Greater London in 1965.
Åsane Seahawks
Åsane Seahawks is the name of an American football and cheerleading club located in Åsane, Norway that currently competes in Division I of the Norwegian Federation of American Sports (NAIF). They have also played in the top-tier Eliteserien of Norway. The team borrowed its name and logo from the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. The club was founded in March, 1998 and are affiliated with the association football club Åsane Fotball.

Åsane
Åsane is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  The borough makes up the northern part of the city, north of the city centre.

Åsane is connected to downtown Bergen by the E16/E39 highway.  The E16 highway continues on through Åsane to the southeast to the neighboring borough of Arna. The E39 highway continues north through Åsane to the Nordhordland Bridge and then on to the northern municipalities in Vestland county. There are plans to shorten the E39 highway through Åsane, including the construction of two tunnels: Eikås Tunnel (start of construction 2010) and the Nyborg Tunnel (still in the planning stages). Most buses passing through Åsane stop at the centrally located Åsane Terminal.
Raj Kumar Rinwa
Raj Kumar Rinwa (born 24 June 1953) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Churu district in Rajasthan, India. He was a Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Ratangarh constituency in 2003, 2008 and 2013.

Churu, Rajasthan
Churu is a city in the Sekhawati region of Rajasthan state of India. It is known as the gateway to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarter of Churu District. It lies in the Thar Desert on the National Highway 52 connecting Sangrur to Ankola and is a junction station on the railway line to Bikaner. It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya Lal Bagla Ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are life-size marble statues of their deities and a place for prayers. At the center of the town is a fort built about 500 years ago.
Keith Esau
Keith Esau (born June 10, 1960) is an American politician who served as the Kansas State Representative for the 14th district from 2013 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, his district covers the northern part of Olathe in Johnson County. In 2017, the American Conservative Union gave him a life time rating of 88%.

He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for Secretary of State of Kansas in 2018, placing fifth in a primary election that was won by Scott Schwab. He was succeeded in the state legislature by his wife, Charlotte Esau.

Olathe, Kansas
Olathe (/oʊˈleɪθə/ oh-LAY-thə) is a city in and the county seat of Johnson County, Kansas, United States.  It is the fourth-most populous city in both the Kansas City metropolitan area and the state of Kansas, with a 2020 population of 141,290.
People v. Exxon Mobil
People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp. was a lawsuit filed on October 24, 2018, in the New York Supreme Court. The suit alleges fraud by Exxon Mobil Corporation to mislead the company's investors about management of risks posed by climate change. On November 15, 2018, the court signed a preliminary conference order scheduling the trial to begin in 2019.

The trial began before Judge Barry Ostrager, with opening statements by both sides. According to the New York Times, the case was "only the second climate change lawsuit to reach trial in the United States." The New York Attorney General dropped two of the four counts regarding civil fraud after admitting there was insufficient evidence to support the charges.

Justice Ostrager found for Exxon Mobil on the remaining counts accusing it of fraud.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Miss Venezuela 1966
Miss Venezuela 1966 was the 13th edition of Miss Venezuela pageant held at Teatro del Este in Caracas, Venezuela, on June 14, 1966, after weeks of events. The winner of the pageant was Magaly Castro Egui, Miss Guárico.

The pageant was broadcast live by RCTV

Miss Venezuela
Miss Venezuela (Spanish: Organización Miss Venezuela) is a Venezuelan beauty pageant operated by the Cisneros Group. Founded in 1952, it currently selects Venezuelan representatives to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International. The current national director of Miss Venezuela is Miss Universe 2013 Gabriela Isler.

The current Miss Venezuela is Clara Vegas Goetz of Miranda who was crowned on 4 December 2025 at the Centro Comercial Líder in Caracas, Venezuela.
Battle of Nancy (1944)
The Battle of Nancy in September 1944 was a 10-day battle on the Western Front of World War II in which the Third United States Army defeated German forces defending the approaches to Nancy, France and crossings over the Moselle River to the north and south of the city. The battle resulted in U.S. forces fighting their way across the Moselle and liberating Nancy.

80th Training Command
The 80th Training Command (The Army School System – TASS) is a formation of the United States Army Reserve.

The unit was first organized in August 1917 and activated the following September during World War I as the 80th Division. During World War II, the Division was redesignated on 1 August 1942, as the 80th Infantry Division.  Nicknamed the "Blue Ridge Division", it was initially composed of draftees from the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Division was redesignated the 80th Airborne Division from December 1946 to May 1952. In May 1952 and March 1959, the unit was redesignated as a reserve infantry division and then a reserve training division. In 1994, it became the 80th Division (Institutional Training). On 1 October 2008, the division was reorganised as the 80th Training Command.
1994 European Athletics Championships – Women's high jump
These are the official results of the Women's high jump event at the 1994 European Championships in Helsinki, Finland, held at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 12 and 14 August 1994. There were a total number of 35 participating athletes.

Helsinki Olympic Stadium
The Helsinki Olympic Stadium (Finnish: Helsingin Olympiastadion; Swedish: Helsingfors Olympiastadion), located in the Töölö district about 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) from the centre of the Finnish capital Helsinki, is the largest stadium in the country. The stadium is best known for being the centre of activities in the 1952 Summer Olympics. During those games, it hosted athletics, equestrian show jumping, and the football finals.

The stadium was also the venue for the first Bandy World Championship in 1957, the first and tenth World Athletics Championships, in 1983 and 2005. It hosted the European Athletics Championships in 1971, 1994 and 2012. It is also the home stadium of the Finland national football team.

The stadium reopened in August 2020 after four years of renovation.
Mammoth Pool Dam
Mammoth Pool Dam is a hydroelectric dam located on the San Joaquin River in the southern Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, about 45 miles (72 km) northeast of Fresno. It forms Mammoth Pool Reservoir and lies within the Sierra National Forest. The dam and reservoir were named after a large natural pool in the river that was once located above the present dam site.

Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a measurement related to liquid pressure (normalized by specific weight) and the liquid elevation above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as an equivalent liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.
Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini
Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini  (17 January 1709, in Città di Castello – 3 August 1782)  was an Italian cardinal.

Giovanni Ottavio was not ordained a priest until the age of 45 years in 1754. He was rapidly named  Archbishop of Chalcedon, apostolic nuncio to Switzerland, and elevated to Cardinal within 12 years (21 July 1766). He was also appointed Bishop of Ancona and Numana.

He and Johann Baptist Anton Federspiel (the Bishop of Chur) worked against the League of the House of God and he later approved the dissolution of the priory of Reichenau.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Lakhiganj
Lakhiganj is a village in the Dhubri district of Assam, around 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Bilasipara. It is situated on the NH 117A between Bilasipara and Kokrajhar, around 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Kokrajhar and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Fakiragram Junction railway station. In 2011, it had a population of 2,011 and a 75% literacy rate.

Fakiragram Junction railway station
Fakiragram  is a railway station on the New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section of Barauni–Guwahati line and is located in Kokrajhar district in the Indian state of Assam. A branch line from Fakiragram connects to Dhubri.
Proser2
PROSER2, also known as proline and serine rich 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROSER2 gene. PROSER2, or c10orf47 (Chromosome 10 open reading frame 47), is found in band 14 of the short arm of chromosome 10 (10p14) and contains a highly conserved SARG domain. It is a fast evolving gene with two paralogs, c1orf116 and specifically androgen-regulated gene protein isoform 1. The PROSER2 protein has a currently uncharacterized function however, in humans, it may play a role in cell cycle regulation, reproductive functioning, and is a potential biomarker of cancer.

Homologous chromosome
Homologous chromosomes or homologs are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis. Homologs have the same genes in the same loci, where they provide points along each chromosome that enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before separating during meiosis. This is the basis for Mendelian inheritance, which characterizes inheritance patterns of genetic material from an organism to its offspring parent developmental cell at the given time and area.
Jay Gelzer
Jay Gelzer (January 22, 1889 – June 15, 1964) was an American writer. She wrote novels and short stories, including several that were adapted into films.

Gelzer was born in England, brought to the United States as a child, and was adopted after her mother's death. She lived in St. Louis, Missouri, where she graduated from Central High School and was a member of the St. Louis Writers' Guild. She later lived in Santa Monica and Detroit.

Gelzer's writing was published in Good Housekeeping, Cosmopolitan, and the New York Daily News.

Her book The Street of a Thousand Delights contained eight stories about a "half-breed" in Melbourne's Chinese quarter. She helped adapt her first novel Compromise, set in St Louis, into a film version for Warner Brothers (Compromise).

She married Jennings Axon Glazer and had two sons.

Central Visual and Performing Arts High School
Central Visual and Performing Arts High School (formerly Central High School) is a magnet high school in St. Louis, Missouri, part of the St. Louis Public Schools.

Founded in 1853, Central High School is the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River, although it has moved several times and merged with a magnet school in 1984. Central VPA specializes in the arts, with students taking courses in three art majors, including visual art, musical art, and performing art, with focuses on ceramics, drawing and painting, photography, instrumental music, vocal music, dance, and theater.
George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney
Field Marshal George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, KT (February 1666 – 29 January 1737), styled Lord George Hamilton from 1666 to 1696, was a British army officer and the first officer of the British Army to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. After commanding a Scots Army regiment for the cause of William of Orange during the Williamite War in Ireland, he commanded another Scottish regiment in the Low Countries during the Nine Years' War.

Hamilton led the final assault at the Battle of Blenheim attacking the village churchyard with eight infantry battalions and then receiving the surrender of its French defenders during the War of the Spanish Succession. He also led the charge of fifteen infantry battalions in an extremely bloody assault on the French entrenchments at the Battle of Malplaquet. In later life, Hamilton became a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I and was installed as governor of Edinburgh Castle.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Northfleet School for Girls
Northfleet School for Girls is a Secondary school for girls, located in Northfleet in the English county of Kent.

The school first opened in March 1937 in a new building next to Northfleet School for Boys in Colyer Road. In 1950 The Upper School moved to the current school site in Hall Road in 1950, with the rest of the school following in 1955. that the whole school was able to move to the new buildings. Building work for the South Wing of the school were started in 1971.

It is a foundation school administered by Kent County Council, who coordinate admissions. As a foundation school, it is supported by a Cooperative Learning Trust which includes The Co-operative Group, Age UK, North West Kent College, the University of Greenwich and the Workers' Educational Association as partners.

Northfleet School for Girls offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs.

Kent County Council
Kent County Council (KCC) is a county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Kent in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the unitary authority of Medway. Kent County Council is the upper tier of elected local government, below which are 12 district councils, and around 300 town and parish councils. The county council has 81 elected councillors. It is one of the largest local authorities in England in terms of population served and the largest local authority of its type. The council is based at County Hall in Maidstone. It had been under Conservative majority control from 1997 to 2025 when Reform UK took control.
Llanbadarn y Garreg
Llanbadarn-y-Garreg is a village in the  community of Aberedw, Powys, Wales. It is 45.1 miles (72.6 km) from Cardiff and 141.9 miles (228.4 km) from London. Until 1983 it was a community.

Llanbadarn-y-Garreg is represented in the Senedd by Kirsty Williams and in the UK parliament by David Chadwick, MP for Brecon, Radnor and Cwm Tawe. They are both Liberal Democrats.

Kirsty Williams
Victoria Kirstyn Williams CBE (born 19 March 1971) is a Welsh politician who served as Minister for Education in the Welsh Government from 2016 to 2021. She was a Member of the Senedd (MS) from 1999 to 2021. She previously served as the Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats from December 2008 to May 2016 and subsequently from June 2017 to November 2017 in an acting capacity.