hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Hirsch (professor)
Alan L. Hirsch (born 1959) is an American political scientist who has taught at Williams College since 2006, and has chaired the Justice and Law Studies program for most of that time. Hirsch, who received his BA from Amherst College and JD at Yale Law School, serves as a trial consultant and expert witness in false confessions. He has been retained in roughly 400 cases and testified in 50. Hirsch testified in the highly publicized case of Skylar Richardson, a teenage girl accused of killing her newborn baby and burying it in her backyard. Richardson was acquitted.

He has written extensively about false confessions, and been qualified as an expert in 24 jurisdictions. He created the first website devoted to the subject and also created a podcast about False Confessions. Hirsch has also written numerous books, as well as scholarly and mainstream articles on other subjects, some law-related and others about politics, sports, and miscellaneous matters.

City Lights Bookstore
City Lights is an independent bookstore-publisher combination in San Francisco, California, that specializes in world literature, the arts, and progressive politics. It also houses the nonprofit City Lights Foundation, which publishes selected titles related to San Francisco culture. It was founded in 1953 by poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter D. Martin (who left two years later). Both the store and the publishers became widely known following the obscenity trial of Ferlinghetti for publishing Allen Ginsberg's influential collection Howl and Other Poems (City Lights, 1956). Nancy Peters started working there in 1971 and retired as executive director in 2007. In 2001, City Lights was made an official historic landmark. City Lights is located at 261 Columbus Avenue. While formally located in Chinatown, it self-identifies as part of immediately adjacent North Beach.
Glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-a-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.223, alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, alpha1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, glucuronosylgalactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan 4IV-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan  UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan

This enzyme is involved in the initiation of heparin and heparan sulfate synthesis.

Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs in a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. In this form, HS binds to a variety of protein ligands, including Wnt, and regulates a wide range of biological activities, including developmental processes, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, abolishing detachment activity by GrB (Granzyme B), and tumour metastasis. HS has also been shown to serve as cellular receptor for a number of viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus. One study suggests that cellular heparan sulfate has a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly when the virus attaches with ACE2. The basic repeat unit synthesised by the EXT1/EXT2 heterocomplex is (GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4)n.
Gnorimoschema bodillum
Gnorimoschema bodillum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ole Karsholt and Ebbe Nielsen in 1974. It is found in Denmark, northern Germany and northern Russia (Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District).

The larvae feed on Salix repens and Myrica gale.

Myrica gale
Myrica gale is a species of flowering plant in the family Myricaceae native to cool temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. Common names include bog-myrtle, sweet gale, Dutch myrtle, and sweetgale.
Jubilee International Stamp Exhibition 1912
Jubilee International Stamp Exhibition was held 14–19 October 1912 at the Royal Horticultural Hall, London. The principal organisers were Fred Melville, H.R.F. Johnson and H.H. Harland of the Junior Philatelic Society.

An "Ideal Stamp" was produced as a souvenir.

Lindley Hall, London
Lindley Hall in Elverton Street, Westminster, London is the older of the two Royal Horticultural Halls and is owned by RHS Enterprises Limited, which is part of the charity Royal Horticultural Society in central London. The other is Lawrence Hall, which is no longer owned by the RHS; both are close to Vincent Square.

Although built as an exhibition hall, Lindley Hall is increasingly used for product launches, conferences, fashion shows, banquets, weddings and other events.
Wavelength (company)
Wavelength is an American independent film production company founded in 2015, by Jenifer Westphal. The company has produced Won't You Be My Neighbor? (2018), Selah and the Spades (2019), Farewell Amor (2020), Athlete A (2020), 32 Sounds (2022), and On Swift Horses (2024).

On Swift Horses
On Swift Horses is a 2024 American historical romantic drama film directed by Daniel Minahan and written by Bryce Kass. Based on Shannon Pufahl's 2019 novel, it stars Daisy Edgar-Jones, Jacob Elordi, Will Poulter, Diego Calva and Sasha Calle.

It had its world premiere at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2024, and was released in the US by Sony Pictures Classics on April 25, 2025.
The One (Elton John album)
The One is the twenty-third studio album by British musician Elton John, released on 22 June 1992. It was recorded at Studio Guillaume Tell in Paris, produced by Chris Thomas and managed by John Reid. The album was dedicated to Vance Buck, and its cover artwork was designed by Gianni Versace.

The One spent three consecutive weeks at No. 2 without reaching No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart, being kept off the top spot by the Lionel Richie compilation Back to Front. It was John's biggest-selling album in the US since 1976, and was certified 2× platinum in that country by the RIAA. It is also John's only studio album to reach number one in Germany.

Back to Front (Lionel Richie album)
Back to Front is the first compilation album by American singer Lionel Richie, which was released on May 5, 1992, by Motown Records. It contains songs from both his successful solo career and as part of the band the Commodores, along with three new tracks (1–3). The international version of the album also includes the tracks "Dancing on the Ceiling" and "Stuck on You". It debuted atop both the UK Albums Chart and the ARIA Albums Chart, and spent 12 weeks at number one on the Dutch Album Top 100. The single "Do It to Me" reached number 21 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
James Nickel (academic)
James W. Nickel is an American philosopher and author. He is a professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at the University of Miami Law School.

Nickel is most known for his book, Making Sense of Human Rights (1987, 2nd ed. 2007) and as the author of the "human rights" entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He has published more than 100 essays and reviews in philosophy and law, and his articles have been published in academic journals including the Columbia Law Review, Human Rights Quarterly, the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, and Philosophy and Public Affairs. Moreover, his essay, Poverty and Rights, won the 2004 Essay Prize from the Philosophical Quarterly.

University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.

Founded in 1926, it is the oldest law school in South Florida, graduating its first class of 13 students in 1929. The school offers 300 courses in 18 areas of study, 17 legal clinics and practicums, and over two dozen interdisciplinary and joint-degree programs.
George Albert Huff
George Albert Huff (ca 1849 – September 20, 1934) was a merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cowichan-Alberni in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1895 to 1898.

He was born in Prince Edward County, Ontario and educated in Brighton. Huff married Eliza Ann Gillies at Port Dover. He served as a justice of the peace. Huff was elected to the assembly in an 1895 by-election held after the by-election held earlier that year, in which he was also a candidate, was declared invalid. He was defeated in the 1898 provincial election and did not run again for provincial office. He died in Alberni at the age of 85.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Irrational Treasure
"Irrational Treasure" is the fourteenth episode of the thirty-seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 804th episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on February 15, 2026, and is the 800th episode to air on Fox. The episode was directed by Debbie Bruce Mahan and written by Christine Nangle.

In this episode, Santa's Little Helper competes in a dog competition in Philadelphia where he becomes the key to a treasure hunt. Kevin Bacon, Boyz II Men, Quinta Brunson, Taylor Dearden, Katherine LaNasa, Questlove, and Noah Wyle guest starred. The episode received positive reviews.

The Simpsons season 37
The thirty-seventh season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons started airing on Fox on September 28, 2025. The season is the first of four seasons ordered by Fox. It was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation. The primary showrunner for the season is Matt Selman. In addition to the Fox broadcast season, several episodes were ordered by Disney+ and are scheduled to be released exclusively through the streaming service.
Fiona O'Shaughnessy
Fiona O'Shaughnessy is an Irish film, stage, and television actress. She has appeared in Warlock III: The End of Innocence (1999), Goldfish Memory (2003), Alexander (2004), Until Death (2007), Nightwatching (2007), Malice in Wonderland (2009), Outcast (2010), Utopia (2013-2015), Nina Forever (2015), The Living and The Dead (2017), Gretel & Hansel (2020), and Halo in 2022.

Malice in Wonderland (2009 film)
Malice in Wonderland  is a 2009 British fantasy adventure film directed by Simon Fellows and written by Jayson Rothwell. It is roughly based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

The film was released on DVD in the UK on 8 February 2010.
St. Kevin's College
St. Kevin's College can refer to:

St Kevin's College, Dublin, Ireland

St Kevin's College, Lisnaskea, Northern Ireland

St Kevin's College, Melbourne, Australia

St Kevin's College, Oamaru, New Zealand

St Kevin's College, Lisnaskea
St. Kevin's College is based in Lisnaskea, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is a Roman Catholic school for boys and girls. It was formed in 2017 as a result of a merger of two schools, St Eugene's College and St.Comhghall's. The principal of St. Kevin's is Gary Kelly and the vice principal is Mrs. McDonalds. The school has over 700 students and is the best performing secondary school in Northern Ireland. The school has opened a new maths department in 2021 and is planning to open a new department in 2023.

The school also has an Instagram page, a Facebook page and a Tiktok account.
Rachel Mandelbaum
Rachel Mandelbaum is a professor of astrophysics at Carnegie Mellon University, studying cosmology and galactic evolution with a focus on dark matter and dark energy. Much of her work has used the phenomenon of gravitational lensing of galaxies and she has made significant improvements in the calibration of lensing parameters.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Beholder (Dungeons & Dragons)
The beholder is a fictional monster in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It is depicted as a floating orb of flesh with a large mouth, single central eye, and many smaller eyestalks on top with powerful magical abilities.

The beholder is among the Dungeons & Dragons monsters that have appeared in every edition of the game since 1975.: 39–41  Beholders are one of the few classic Dungeons & Dragons monsters that Wizards of the Coast claims as Product Identity and as such was not released under its Open Game License. Beholders have been used on the cover of different Dungeons & Dragons handbooks, including the fifth edition Monster Manual.

System Reference Document
In the open gaming movement, a System Reference Document (SRD) is a reference for a role-playing game's mechanics licensed under a public copyright license to allow other publishers to make material compatible with that game. In 2000, Wizards of the Coast pioneered this by releasing a SRD for Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition under their Open Game License (OGL).

Dicebreaker described a SRD as a "handy guide on how to use, hack and implement an existing game system for your own purposes".
Nadhaswaram (TV series)
Nadhaswaram is a Tamil soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 2010 to 2015.

This show starred T. S. B. K. Mouli, Thirumurugan, Poovilangu Mohan and Srithika. It was directed and produced by Thirumurugan. re-telecastied from 15 September 2025  at 09:30AM (Indian Standard Time).

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.
Hammett (film)
Hammett is a 1982 American neo-noir mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.

Ross Thomas (author)
Ross Thomas (February 19, 1926, in Oklahoma City – December 18, 1995, in Santa Monica, California) was an American writer of crime fiction. He is best known for his witty thrillers that expose the mechanisms of professional politics.  He also wrote five novels under the pseudonym Oliver Bleeck about professional go-between Philip St. Ives.
Sebastian Volco
Sebastian Volco (also known as Volco) (Buenos Aires, 1973) is an Argentine composer, musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. He formed La Orquesta Metafísica, a rock group that puts together influences from rock, tango, jazz, classical music and traditional Argentine rhythms plus the duo Volco & Gignoli with bandoneon player Pablo Gignoli, and many other solo and group projects.

Recognized for his career in experimental and rock music, he also emphasizes his role as a composer of works for cinema, theater, performance and music for ballet.

Bandoneon
The bandoneon (Spanish: bandoneón) or bandonion is a type of concertina particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay, used in most tango ensembles. As with other members of the concertina family, it is held between the hands, and played by pulling and pushing air through bellows, routing it through sets of tuned metal reeds by pressing the instrument's buttons. Unlike most accordions, bandoneons always employ the same sets of reeds to produce their sound, and do not usually have the register switches common on accordions. Nevertheless, the bandoneon can be played very expressively, using various bellows pressures and other techniques. The left and right hand have different timbres due to the wooden box on the left side which gives the left hand a nasal and muted timbre, in contrast with the right hand which is usually bright and sharp.
Lavmeet Katariya
Lavmeet Katariya, known simply as Lavmeet, is a member of India men's national volleyball team and wears the Number 10 jersey. Lavmeet plays as a middle blocker/middle hitter.

He has led the Rajasthan men's team in the Indian national volleyball meet, and the Indian men's team in the Asian Men's U20 Volleyball Championship.

He has won a gold medal in 12th south Asian games winning the best blocker award. He won a silver medal in 2014 Asia Cup.

India men's national volleyball team
The India men's national volleyball team represents India in international volleyball competitions. It is managed by the Volleyball Federation of India and is currently sponsored by Sahara India Pariwar and Asics.

The Indian volleyball team has had a rollercoaster ride in its history. Although they have never qualified for the Olympics, they have appeared in the World Championship twice.

Despite having little to no presence at the world stage in its history, the team has enjoyed some success at the continental level by clinching a silver medal and two bronze medals at the Asian Games. After the decline post 1980s, the team has fared well at the recently introduced Asian Cup competition, receiving a silver and a bronze medal so far.
Alex Saffy
Alex Saffy (born 1 October 2005) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer. He won a bronze medal at the 2022 World Para Swimming Championships and a silver medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He won a bronze medal at the 2024 Paris Paralympics..

2022 World Para Swimming Championships
The 2022 World Para Swimming Championships was the 11th edition of the World Para Swimming Championships, an international swimming competition for athletes with a disability. It was held in Madeira from 12 to 18 June.

The competition was originally scheduled to be held in 2021, however, it was moved to the summer of 2022 due to the postponement of the Paralympic Games in Tokyo from 2020 to 2021. The event featured 488 athletes from 59 countries.
Kasa Budruk
Kasa Budruk is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Vikramgad taluka. In 2015, Krishna Kakdya Bij, a Warli tribal from the village helped exposed a MGNREGA scam.

Warli people
The Warli or Varli are an indigenous tribe (Adivasi) of western India, living in mountainous as well as coastal areas along the Maharashtra-Gujarat border and surrounding areas. They have their own animistic beliefs, life, customs and traditions, and as a result of acculturation they have adopted many Hindu beliefs. The Warli speak the unwritten Varli language which belongs to the southern zone of the Indo-Aryan languages.
Phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing)
In enzymology, a phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) (EC 1.14.99.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

phylloquinone + AH2 + O2  2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O

The three substrates of this enzyme are phylloquinone, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its three products are 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone, the reduction product A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is phylloquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing). Other names in common use include phylloquinone epoxidase, vitamin K 2,3-epoxidase, vitamin K epoxidase, and vitamin K1 epoxidase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Al Kauthar fi Tafsir Al Quran
Al Kauthar fi Tafsir Al Quran is a Shi'a Muslim tafsir or an exegesis of the Quran written and compiled by the renowned Shia Scholar Mohsin Ali Najafi. It is primarily in Urdu, and is one of the best urdu exegesis available of the Quran. This task started in 1990 and was completed in November 2014.
The First edition of 10 Volumes was published in November 2014.

Sheikh Mohsin Ali Najafi was born on January 1, 1938) and died on January 9, 2024. He was a Pakistani Usuli Twelver Scholar and the Head of many of the Seminaries (Hawzahs) across Pakistan. Additionally, he is also the Head of The Uswa Education System in Pakistan. He studied under Ayatullah al Uzma Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei for ten years in the Hawza/Seminary of Najaf. Later, he became Ayatullah al Uzma Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei's Special Representative to Pakistan. After the demise of Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, He became the Special Representative of The Grand Ayatullah Ali al-Sistani to Pakistan.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.