hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aeroflot Flight 213
Aeroflot Flight 213  was a regularly scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot from Chersky Airport to Keperveyem Airport. On 18 September 1962, the Ilyushin Il-14 operating this flight crashed shortly after takeoff. All 27 passengers and five crew members were killed.

The Air Accident Investigation Commission determined that pilot error was the main cause of the accident.

Keperveyem Airport
Keperveyem Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Кепервеем) (IATA: KPW, ICAO: UHMK) is an airport located in Keperveyem, in the Chukotka autonomous district of Russia. It also serves Bilibino, with which it is connected with a 40 kilometres (25 mi) long gravel road.
Bezirksoberliga Mittelfranken
The Bezirksoberliga Mittelfranken was the seventh tier of the German football league system in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken). Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the sixth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fifth tier.

The league was disbanded at the end of the 2011–12 season, when major changes to the Bavarian football league system were carried out. Above the Bezirksoberligas, the Landesligas were expanded in number from three to five divisions and the Bezirke have two to three regional leagues, the Bezirksligas, as its highest level again, similar to the system in place until 1988.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
George Yancey
George Alan Yancey (born September 8, 1962) is an American professor of sociology at Baylor University, where he has taught since 2019. He is known for his research on anti-Christian attitudes in the contemporary United States, and the ways in which it can influence the decisions made by academic sociologists. He has been called "the only researcher studying Christianophobia at a secular university".

Yancey is a supporter of the American Solidarity Party.

Anti-Christian sentiment
Anti-Christian sentiment, also referred to as Christianophobia or Christophobia, is the fear, hatred, discrimination, or prejudice against Christians and/or aspects of the Christian religion's practices. These terms encompass "every form of discrimination and intolerance against Christians". The presence of anti-Christian sentiment has frequently led to the persecution of Christians throughout history.
Didlington Park Lakes
Didlington Park Lakes is a 26.1-hectare (64-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Didlington in Norfolk, England.

These three artificial lakes probably date to the early nineteenth century. They are an important breeding site for wildfowl, including gadwall, teal, mallard, shoveler, tufted duck and great crested grebe.

The site is private land with no public access.

Great crested grebe
The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The bird is characterised by its distinctive appearance, featuring striking black, orange-brown, and white plumage, and elaborate courtship display that involves synchronised dances and displays.
Wiggs
Wiggs is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carson Wiggs (born 1990), American football player

Emma Wiggs (born 1980), British paracanoeist and sitting volleyball player

Ernie Wiggs (1940–2014), New Zealand rugby player

Hubert Wiggs (1893–1977), American football player and coach

Jimmy Wiggs (1876–1963), American baseball player

Johnny Wiggs (1899–1977), jazz musician and band leader

Josephine Wiggs (born 1963), English musician

Pete Wiggs (born 1966), English musician and DJ

Richard Wiggs, environmental activist, founder of Anti-Concorde Project

Susan Wiggs, American romance novelist

Hubert Wiggs
Hubert Thomas Wiggs (September 29, 1893 – October 18, 1977) was an American professional football player and coach who played offensive lineman for three seasons for the Louisville Brecks. He played college football for the Vanderbilt Commodores where he was a fullback on the "point-a-minute" 1915 team.
Lauretum
Lauretum is a historic home located at Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland, United States. It is a large, three story late Victorian stuccoed frame house built in 1881 for Chestertown lawyer Harrison W. Vickers (1845-1911). Restored by Jennifer Corcoran and Family. It features irregular massing, multiple roof forms, clipped gables, an oriel window, and exposed rafter ends.  It was designed by Baltimore architect Edmund G. Lind (1829-1909).

Lauretum was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Kent County, Maryland
Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,198, making it the least populous county in Maryland. Its county seat is Chestertown. The county was named for the county of Kent in England. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state and is the oldest county in Maryland.

Along with Caroline and Garrett Counties, it is one of three counties in the state that are not part of a metropolitan statistical area.
North Sea–Mediterranean Corridor
The North Sea–Mediterranean Corridor is the eighth of 10 priority axes of the Trans-European Transport Network. It stretches from Ireland and the north of UK through the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg to the Mediterranean Sea in the south of France.

Southern France
Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as le Midi, is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. It includes southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the west, Occitania in the centre, the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the northeast, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the southeast, as well as the island of Corsica in the southeast. Southern France is generally considered part of southern Europe because of its association with the Mediterranean Sea.

The colloquial French name for the region, le Midi, is derived from an Old French compound composed of mi ("middle")  and di ("day"), meaning literally "midday". Thus, the term is comparable in both origin and meaning to Mezzogiorno, which indicates southern Italy, and Romanian Miazăzi which is a synonym for south.
Brain (TV series)
Brain (Korean: 브레인) is a 2011 South Korean medical drama, starring Shin Ha-kyun, Choi Jung-won, Jung Jin-young and Jo Dong-hyuk. The series revolves around a top neurosurgeon who is obsessed with success and dreams of becoming the hospital director, then finds himself embroiled in professional rivalries and an unexpected romance. The series received positive reviews, particularly for Shin Ha-kyun's performance.

It aired on KBS2 from November 14, 2011 to January 17, 2012 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Beating like a Drum
Beating like a Drum is the third extended play by Australian band, Eskimo Joe, released on 4 August 2007. Originally only a limited number were available at shows on their Beating like a Drum national tour.

The EP features six original Eskimo Joe tracks remixed by Dexter, Sneaky Sound System, Teenager, P-Money, and Bumblebeez, and a mash-up of "Black Fingernails, Red Wine" and "From the Sea" by Nick Launay.

From the Sea
"From the Sea" is a song by Australian rock band Eskimo Joe, released on 22 March 2004 as the lead single from their second studio album, A Song Is a City (2004). It was their most successful single at that time, reaching number 33 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2004, the song was nominated for Single of the Year, and it was also ranked number three on Triple J's 2004 Hottest 100.
1979 Soviet economic reform
The 1979 Soviet economic reform, or "Improving planning and reinforcing the effects of the economic mechanism on raising the effectiveness in production and improving the quality of work", was an economic reform initiated by Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. During Leonid Brezhnev's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) the Soviet economy began to stagnate; this period is referred to by historians as the Era of Stagnation. Even after several reform attempts by Kosygin and his protégés, the economic situation in the country continued to deteriorate. In contrast to his earlier reform initiative, the 26th Congress decided that his government would implement the reform during the Eleventh five-year plan from 1981 to 1985. This never happened, and even Brezhnev complained that implementation of the reform had been slow. This unfinished reform is seen by some as the last major pre-perestroika reform initiative put forward by the Soviet government.

Microeconomic reform
Microeconomic reform (or often just economic reform) comprises policies directed to achieve improvements in economic efficiency, either by eliminating or reducing distortions in individual sectors of the economy or by reforming economy-wide policies such as tax policy and competition policy with an emphasis on economic efficiency, rather than other goals such as equity or employment growth.

"Economic reform" usually refers to deregulation, or at times to reduction in the size of government, to remove distortions caused by regulations or the presence of government, rather than new or increased regulations or government programs to reduce distortions caused by market failure. As such, these reform policies are in the tradition of laissez faire, emphasizing the distortions caused by government, rather than in ordoliberalism, which emphasizes the need for state regulation to maximize efficiency.
Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove
Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove is a town of approximately 950 people located on the eastern shore of the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is nestled deep in the heart of Motion Bay about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of St. John's. The present town is approximately 200 years old, though the site has been continuously occupied by Europeans (Beothuk history at the site is tens of thousands of years old) since at least 1598. During King William's War, the village was raided by French forces in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign.

Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove is the site of the Petty Harbour Generating Station, the first hydroelectric generating station in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Great Big Sea
Great Big Sea was a Canadian folk rock band from Newfoundland and Labrador, best known for performing energetic rock interpretations of traditional Newfoundland folk songs including sea shanties, which draw from the island's 500-year Irish, Scottish, and Cornish heritage. The band was very successful in Canada, with eleven of their albums being certified Gold in the country, including four being certified Platinum and two achieving multi-platinum certifications. Between 1996 and 2016, Great Big Sea was the sixteenth best-selling Canadian artist in Canada and the sixth best-selling Canadian band in Canada.

While it has been confirmed that the band has officially retired, former members Alan Doyle and Séan McCann have continued performing in their own solo careers typically including music from Great Big Sea in their setlists.
Sani Abacha Stadium
The Sani Abacha Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. It is mostly used for football matches and athletics. The stadium is the home of Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) side Kano Pillars F.C. The stadium has a capacity of 16,000 and is named after General Sani Abacha, the deceased former military head of state.

The stadium has hosted several international competitions including the 2000 African Cup of Nations and the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

During the 2017 NPFL season, Kano Pillars drew an average home attendance of 10,000 the highest ever recorded in the Nigerian league.

2000 African Cup of Nations
The 2000 African Cup of Nations was the 22nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). It was co-hosted by Ghana and Nigeria, who jointly replaced Zimbabwe as host. Just like in 1998, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four.

Cameroon won the championship, beating Nigeria  in the final 4–3 on  penalties. As winners, they qualified for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup as African representatives.
Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act
The Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA) of 1975 was a statute enacted by the California Legislature in September 1975 and signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown in September. This Act was intended to lower medical malpractice liability insurance premiums for healthcare providers in California by decreasing their potential tort liability.

MICRA's stated justification, in turn, was to keep healthcare providers as a whole financially solvent, thus lowering the cost of healthcare services and increasing their availability.  MICRA's constitutionality was repeatedly challenged during the 1970s and 1980s, but most of it was eventually upheld as constitutional under rational basis review by the Supreme Court of California or the California Courts of Appeal. Almost all of MICRA is still in effect and still part of California law, though many of its provisions were updated in 2022 by AB 35.

Consumer Watchdog
Consumer Watchdog (formerly the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights) is a US non-profit, progressive organization which advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests, with a focus on insurance, health care, political reform, privacy and energy.

The organization was founded in 1985 by California Proposition 103 author Harvey Rosenfield and is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Its chief officers include President Jamie Court and Executive Director Carmen Balber.
Patchwork religion
In the sociology of religion patchwork religion indicates situations when individual or religious movement forms its own worldview from heterogeneous elements, taken from different religions or individual religious experience. Collected from these elements, this religious world view reminds of a patchwork quilt with a unique pattern. Similar social concepts are syncretism, bricolage and sheilaism.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Marcus Pohlmann
Marcus Dale Pohlmann (born 1950) is an American political scientist, author, and professor. His research focuses primarily on American government and politics, specifically,  African-American politics, urban politics, and political economy. He is an emeritus professor of political science at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee.

Urban politics in the United States
American urban politics refers to politics within cities of the United States of America.  City governments, run by mayors or city councils, hold a restricted amount of governing power.  State and federal governments have been granted a large portion of city governance as laid out in the U.S. Constitution.

The small remaining power held by individual cities becomes a target of numerous outside influences such as large corporations and real-estate developers.  American Urban Politics determine the socio-economic make-up of urban neighborhoods and contribute to the ever present disparity between Urban America and Suburban America.
Type 7 30 cm howitzer
The Type 7 30 cm howitzer (Japanese: 七式 三十 榴 弾 砲, romanized: Shichi-nenshiki sanjū-senchi ryūdanhō) was a howitzer used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts and during the Pacific Campaign in World War II. The designation Type 7 indicates its year of introduction, the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Taishō, or 1918 according to the Gregorian calendar.

Gun carriage
A gun carriage is a frame or a mount that supports the gun barrel of an artillery piece, allowing it to be maneuvered and fired. These platforms often had wheels so that the artillery pieces could be moved more easily. Gun carriages are also used on ships to facilitate the movement and aiming of large cannons and guns. These are also used in the funeral procession of any higher authority of any state and country.
Jacoba Surie
Jacoba Surie (5 September 1879 – 5 February 1970) was a Dutch painter.

Surie was born in Amsterdam and trained at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten there, where she studied  under Joseph Mendes da Costa. She was a member of Arti et Amicitiae and the Pulchri Studio. She is considered one of the Amsterdamse Joffers. Her work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Surie died in Amsterdam and was buried in Zorgvlied.

Her work is in the collections of the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag and Gemeentemuseum Helmond.

Arti et Amicitiae
Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular in the Amsterdam art schools. It was and is to this day a hub for artists and art lovers in the city of Amsterdam. It is a private institution which supports artists, maintains social networks and offers a pension fund. In recent times it has been one of the venues for the 17th edition of the Sonic Acts Festival.

Arti et Amicitiae is also the name of the building. The complex was merged from two separate buildings and given a white neo-classical facade by J. H. Leliman in 1855.
Tsui Tsin-tong
Dr. Tsui Tsin-tong GBS JP (1941 – 2 April 2010) was a Hong Kong entrepreneur, philanthropist and an antique connoisseur. He was also a Hong Kong member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Tsui was honorary chairman of the Hong Kong-listed company CNT Group, which is engaged in manufacturing and sale of paint products, iron and steel, and property investment.

Connoisseur
A connoisseur (French traditional, pre-1835, spelling of connaisseur, from Middle-French connoistre, then connaître meaning 'to be acquainted with' or 'to know somebody/something') is a person who has a great deal of knowledge about the fine arts; who is a keen appreciator of cuisines, fine wines, and other gourmet products; or who is an expert judge in matters of taste.  In many areas, the term now has an air of pretension, and may be used in a partly ironic sense. In the art trade, however, expert connoisseurship remains a crucial skill for the identification and attribution to individual artists of works by the style and technique, where documentary evidence of provenance is lacking.  The situation in the wine trade is similar, for example in assessing the potential for ageing in a young wine through wine tasting.
Phyllodiscus
Phyllodiscus is a monotypic genus of sea anemones in the family Aliciidae. The only species is Phyllodiscus semoni, commonly known as the night anemone, which is native to shallow seas in the central Indo-West Pacific, such as Indonesia, the Philippines and southern Japan. It is venomous and can cause a painful, long-lasting sting to humans. It is called unbachi-isoginchaku in Japanese which translates as "wasp-sea anemone".

Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.

One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.
Only Shallow
"Only Shallow" is a song by the alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine. It is the opening track and second single from the band's second studio album, Loveless (1991), released on Creation Records. Written by Kevin Shields and Bilinda Butcher, "Only Shallow" features Shields' distinctive guitar sound—a technique known as "glide guitar"—characterized by heavy use of a tremolo bar while strumming.

Isn't Anything
Isn't Anything is the debut studio album by Irish-English rock band My Bloody Valentine, released on 21 November 1988 by Creation Records. Its innovative guitar and production techniques consolidated the experimentation of the band's preceding EPs and would make the album a pioneering work of the subgenre known as shoegaze. Upon its release, the album received rave critical reviews and reached No. 1 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.
Sawa (singer)
Sawa Kouchi (河内 沙和, Kouchi Sawa; born 6 November 1983), known mononymously as SAWA, is a Japanese singer-songwriter, music producer, and DJ. In 2009, she signed onto Sony Music Entertainment Japan and joined its subsidiary, Epic Records Japan. In 2012, she joined Bellwood Records for the release of her sixth mini-album, Soprano Rain (ソプラノレイン).

She has composed commercial songs and jingles for numerous companies, including LINE for their "LINE Pay" and "LINE Shopping" services, Alinamin Pharmaceuticals, and SMBC Consumer Finance for their consumer loan service Promise. She has also acted as music producer for a number of artists, including Especia, Nozomi Sasaki, and Koto.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.