hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Aeromarine Carrera
The Carrera is a two-seat ultralight aircraft marketed for home building.  Designed by Advanced Aeromarine, it has also been marketed by Advanced Aviation and Arnet Pereyra Inc.  It is a high-wing taildragger aircraft of pusher configuration with side-by-side seating. It is of fabric-covered tubular construction.

The aircraft was later marketed by Keuthan Aircraft as the Sabre and developed into the two-place Sabre II.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Deane Gundlock
Deane Roscoe Gundlock (11 August 1914 – 10 September 1986) was as a Canadian farmer and politician from Alberta. He served as the Progressive Conservative (PC) Member of Parliament in the Lethbridge riding from 1958 until 1972. From 1963 to 1964, Gundlock served in the former PC prime minister John Diefenbaker's second shadow cabinet as the Critic for National Revenue. In 1964, Gundlock became the Assistant Critic for National Revenue.

Gundlock was born at Warner, Alberta and was a farmer by trade. He was also a municipal politician before his federal service, serving as reeve of Warner from 1950 to 1954 and before that as a councillor.

Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Canada)
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (French: Cabinet d'Ombre de l'Opposition Officielle) in Canada is composed of members of the main opposition party, His Majesty's Loyal Opposition, and is responsible for holding the Government to account and for developing and disseminating the party's policy positions. Members of the official opposition are generally referred to as opposition critics, but the term Shadow Minister (which is generally used in other Westminster systems) is also used.
Foresthill High School
Foresthill High School is a high school in Foresthill, Placer County, California and is part of the Placer Union High School District, which is composed of five other high schools. Notable Alumni: Secret Clubhouse

Placer County, California
Placer County (/ˈplæsər/ PLASS-ər), officially the County of Placer, is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 404,739. The county seat is Auburn.

Placer County is included in the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. It is in both the Sacramento Valley and Sierra Nevada regions, in what is known as the Gold Country. The county stretches roughly 65 miles (105 km) from Sacramento's suburbs at Roseville to the Nevada border and the shore of Lake Tahoe.
Nine Winds
Nine Winds is an American jazz record label that was founded in 1977 by Vinny Golia.

Golia is a self-taught musician who plays over fifty woodwind instruments, in addition to brass. In the early 1970s, he believed it was impossible for musicians who lived outside New York City to get contracts with record labels. He founded Nine Winds to produce his own albums and that of others who played free jazz, avant-garde jazz, and other forms of avant-garde music that were difficult to sell. He issued several of his own albums, then the debut album by guitarist Nels Cline. The roster grew to include unconventional music by Alex Cline, Jeff Gauthier, and Wayne Peet.

Avant-garde jazz
Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz, experimental jazz, or "new thing") is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz. It originated in the early 1950s and developed through the late 1960s. One of the earliest developments within avant-garde jazz was that of free jazz, and the two terms were originally synonymous. Much avant-garde jazz is stylistically distinct, however, in that it lacks free jazz's thoroughly improvised nature and is either fully or partially composed.
Gustav Wustmann
Gustav Wustmann (23 May 1844 – 22 December 1910) was a German philologist and historian, born in Dresden, where he frequented the Kreuzschule, before studying philology at Leipzig in 1862–1866. He then taught at the Old St Nicholas School (Nikolaischule) in Leipzig until 1881, when appointed director of the municipal archives and city librarian. From 1879 he was also associate editor of the Grenzboten and in 1897 received the title of professor. He faced much opposition by his publication Allerhand Sprachdummheiten, Kleine deutsche Grammatik des Zweifelhaften, des Falschen und des Häßlichen (1891; fourth edition, 1908). Besides a collection of poems, entitled Als der Großvater die Großmutter nahm (1886; fourth edition, 1905), he edited a new adaptation of Wilhelm Borchardt's Die sprichwörtlichen Redensarten im deutschen Volksmund nach Sinn und Ursprung erläutert (fifth edition, 1895).

Kreuzschule
The Kreuzschule (German for "School of the Cross") in Dresden (also known by its Latin name, schola crucis) is the oldest surviving school in Dresden and one of the oldest in Germany. As early as 1300, a schoolmaster (Cunradus puerorum rector) was mentioned. It was founded as a grammar school for the singers of the capella sanctae crucis (Latin for "Chapel of the Holy Cross"), now the Dresdner Kreuzchor. The school is now a Protestant Gymnasium, officially called the Evangelisches Kreuzgymnasium.
León Rojas
León Plutarco de Rojas y Cárdenas (1907 – 20 December 1978) was a Cuban baseball manager best known for managing the Cuba national baseball team, taking the reins at the 1935 Central American and Caribbean Games in El Salvador and again at the 1938 Games in Panama. He returned to lead Cuba at the 1939, 1942, and 1943 Amateur World Series (all held at the Estadio La Tropical in Havana). Rojas led Cuba to the championship in all five tournaments.

Originally from Placetas, Villa Clara, Rojas began his coaching career with Colegio de los Maristas in Cuba's collegiate league, where he managed Juan Ealo and Cocoliso Torres. He was managing Atlético de Cuba in the Cuban Amateur League in the 1930s when he was tapped to lead the Cuban national team. Rojas later managed the Artemisa and Plantas Electricas clubs. At one point, he was offered to manage Santa Clara in the professional Cuban Winter League, but declined, citing his poor English that would be necessary to manage foreign players.

1943 Amateur World Series
The 1943 Amateur World Series was the sixth edition of the Amateur World Series (AWS), an international men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation (which titled it the Baseball World Cup as of the 1988 tournament). The tournament took place, for the fifth consecutive time, in Cuba. It was contested by four national teams playing twelve games each from September 25 through October 19 in Havana. Cuba, who won its fourth overall, and second consecutive, AWS title.
Kosmos 2217
Kosmos 2217 (Russian: Космос 2217 meaning Cosmos 2217) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1992 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2217 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 10:21 UTC on 21 October 1992. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1992-069A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22189.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 6 November 2010.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
1992 Tennent's Sixes
The 1992 Tennents' Sixes was the ninth staging of the indoor 6-a-side football tournament. It was held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow on 19 and 20 January.

Clubs from the 1991–92 Premier Division season competed except Rangers and Aberdeen and the two group winners and runners-up qualified to the semi-finals and Celtic won their only Sixes title beating St Johnstone 4–2.

SEC Centre
The SEC Centre (originally known as the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre until 2017) is Scotland's largest exhibition centre, located in Glasgow, Scotland. It is one of the three main venues within the Scottish Event Campus.

Since the opening of the original buildings in 1985, the complex has undergone two major expansions; the first being the SEC Armadillo in 1997, and then the OVO Hydro in 2013. The venue's holding company SEC Limited, is 91% owned by Glasgow City Council and 9% owned by private investors. It is probably best known for hosting concerts, particularly in Hall 4 and Hall 3.
Pat Cowan (politician)
Patricia Anne Cowan (1943 – May 8, 2006) was a politician in Newfoundland. She represented Conception Bay South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1989 to 1996 as a Liberal.

Patt Cowan was born in Ontario and moved to Newfoundland in 1974. Cowan was a primary school principal in Conception Bay South during the 1980s. She was president of the Newfoundland and Labrador Teachers' Association from 1987 to 1989.

Cowan was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1989. She served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Employment and Labour Relations, Minister of Environment and Lands and Minister Responsible for the Status of Women.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Guirao
Guirao is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Guirao (footballer) (born 2003), Spanish footballer

Carlos Guirao (musician) (1954–2012), Spanish musician

José Guirao (1959–2022), Spanish cultural manager, art expert and former minister of culture

Miguel Guirao (born 1996), Spanish footballer

Olga Guirao (born 1956), Spanish novelist

Rodrigo Guirao Díaz (born 1980), Argentine actor

Olga Guirao
Olga Guirao (born 1956) is a Spanish novelist born in Barcelona. Her first novel Mi querido Sebastian was nominated for the 1992 Premio Herralde. Since then, she has published several more books, including Adversarios admirables, Carta con diez anos de retraso and La llamada.
Karthaus, Pennsylvania
Karthaus is an unincorporated community in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 879, 18.2 miles (29.3 km) east-northeast of Clearfield. Karthaus has a post office with ZIP code 16845, which opened on April 24, 1826. The community was named after Peter A. Karthaus, the proprietor of a local blast furnace.

Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
Clearfield County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,562. The county seat is Clearfield, and the largest city is DuBois. The county was created in 1804 and later organized in 1822.

Clearfield County comprises the DuBois, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the State College–DuBois, PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.
Questacon
Questacon – The National Science and Technology Centre is a science centre in Canberra, Australia. It has more than 200 interactive exhibits related to science and technology. Questacon is a popular location for school excursions Australia-wide.

The National Science and Technology Centre hosts the Questacon Science Circus, which is a science outreach program.

Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
Edward Bozek
Edward Scott Bozek (November 20, 1950 – January 7, 2022), also known as Scotty Bozek, was an American épée fencer. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.

Bozek earned a degree in Russian Studies from the University of Massachusetts in Boston  in 1972. He earned a masters in international affairs in Central and Eastern European Studies from  Columbia University. He also studied at the National Defense University (the Industrial College of the Armed Forces), and earned another masters in national resource strategy in 1999.

Bozek competed at the 1971 and 1975 Pan American Games, winning gold medals both years in team épée and a silver medal in 1971 in individual épée. He was US Champion in épée in 1973 and 1975.

Bozek died on January 7, 2022, at the age of 71.

University of Massachusetts
The University of Massachusetts (UMass) is the public university system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university system includes six campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, a medical school in Worcester and a law school in Dartmouth), a satellite campus in Springfield and 25 smaller campuses throughout California and Washington with the University of Massachusetts Global. The system enrolled 73,593 students in fall 2023.

The University of Massachusetts system is governed by a president and a 22-member board of trustees. The system administration is in Boston and Shrewsbury. Each of the institutions in the system is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films. The award recognizes the best director for a film released over the previous year.

Atanu Ghosh
Atanu Ghosh is an Indian film director, screenwriter, author and teacher who works in the Bengali film industry. Ghosh started his career as a scriptwriter and director for documentary films in 1996. Then he started directing telefilms with Disha (2003). He made his directorial debut in feature films with Angshumaner Chhobi (2009). His film Mayurakshi (2017) was awarded the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali at the 65th National Film Awards. Besides Mayurakshi, his other feature films including Shesh Pata, Binisutoy, Abby Sen and Rupkatha Noy have received multiple awards and have been critically acclaimed at multiple film festivals..
John Reid (cartoonist)
John Reid (born 1968) is a Dutch cartoonist and judge.

Reid was born in 1968 in Utrecht. Reid makes the cartoon Fokke & Sukke with Bastiaan Geleijnse and Jean-Marc van Tol. Originally, the cartoon was published in the satirical student newspaper Propria Cures. Since 1999, it is published in the national newspaper NRC Handelsblad. Reid, Geleijnse, and Van Tol won the Stripschapprijs in 2003.

Reid studied law. He has been a judge at the court of justice in Alkmaar since 2002. In 2015, he became the new host of the TV show De Rijdende Rechter in which civil disputes are settled. In May 2025 Reid announced the show would be cancelled due to budget cuts at the Dutch public broadcasting system from 2027 onwards.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
HD 4778
HD 4778, also known as HR 234 and GO Andromedae, is a variable star in the constellation Andromeda. Its magnitude varies by 0.04 magnitudes from the median of 6.12 with a period of approximately 2.55 days. The star is located 350 light years away, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 9.32 mas.

This is an Ap star with a stellar classification of A3VpSiSrCrEuKsn, showing chemical peculiarities in its spectrum from strontium, chromium, and europium. It is an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable with a magnetic field that varies across the range +1,400 to −1,100 G. This rotation-modulated variability allows direct determination of the rotation rate of 2.5616 days.

HD 4778 has 2.24 times the mass of the Sun and 2.36 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 35 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,375 K. It is about 77 million years old.

Stellar magnetic field
A stellar magnetic field is a magnetic field generated by the motion of conductive plasma inside a star. This motion is created through convection, which is a form of energy transport involving the physical movement of material. A localized magnetic field exerts a force on the plasma, effectively increasing the pressure without a comparable gain in density. As a result, the magnetized region rises relative to the remainder of the plasma, until it reaches the star's photosphere. This creates starspots on the surface, and the related phenomenon of coronal loops.
Deaths in August 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
Mormon music
Music has had a long history in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from the days in Kirtland, Nauvoo, and the settlement of the West, to the present day.  In the early days of the Church, stripped-down Latter-Day Saint folk music, which could be sung without accompaniment due to the lack of instruments in Utah, was popular.  In the 19th century, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir was created and began touring, while musicians began writing devotional and praise music with a Latter-Day Saint influence, paralleling the success of Christian Contemporary Music. Several organizations have existed and do exist to promote these artists, such as Deseret Book and the now-defunct Faith-centered Music Association.  Starting in the late 20th century and to the present day, Latter-Day Saints have been increasingly involved in modern popular music in America and elsewhere in the World.

Fictionist
Fictionist is an American alternative rock band from Provo, Utah, United States, with origins in Salt Lake City and Sacramento. The band consists of Stuart Maxfield (lead vocals, bass guitar), Robbie Connolly (lead vocals, guitar), Brandon Kitterman (guitar, bass guitar), and Aaron Anderson (drums). They have toured nationally and have opened for acts including Imagine Dragons, Vampire Weekend, Neon Trees, Young the Giant, and Shiny Toy Guns.
Guinea Highlands
The Guinea Highlands is a densely forested mountainous plateau extending from central Guinea through northern Sierra Leone and Liberia to western Ivory Coast. The highlands include a number of mountains, ranges and plateaus, including the Fouta Djallon highlands in central Guinea, the Loma Mountains in Sierra Leone, the Simandou and Kourandou massifs in southeastern Guinea, the Nimba Range at the border of Guinea, Liberia, and Ivory Coast, and the Monts du Toura in western Ivory Coast.

Loma Mountains
The Loma Mountains are the highest mountain range in Sierra Leone. The highest peak is Mount Bintumani which rises to a height of 1,945 metres (6,381 ft). The area has been designated a non-hunting forest reserve since 1952.  The reserve covers an area of 33,201 hectares.
Creagrutus convencionensis
Creagrutus convencionensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a characin, belonging to the family Stevardiidae.

This species reaches a length of 1.4 cm (0.55 in). It is found in America.

The species name employs the Latin suffix –ensis, indicating place, in reference to the municipality of Convención in the Norte de Santander Department of Colombia, where the type locality—Quebrada Guamal in the Río Catatumbo drainage—is located.

Stevardiidae
Stevardiidae is a large family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes. It includes many genera previously placed in the family Characidae, which was split into multiple families in 2024. They are found throughout South and Central America. In earlier taxonomic treatments, most genera in this family were placed in the characid subfamily Glandulocaudinae, which has been redefined as a much smaller subfamily of the Stevardiidae.

As suggested by their former taxonomic name, a gland on their caudal fin is found almost exclusively in the males of many species of this family, which allows the release and pumping of pheromones. Members of this subfamily have complex courtship behaviors which lead to insemination. The ecology and life history of these fish is complex yet little studied. Stevardiids are important components of the diet for commercially-harvested larger fish.