hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
François Coulomb the Elder
François Coulomb the Elder was a French naval architect and builder of warships (ingénieur-constructeur), the son of Laurent Coulomb. François Coulomb was born on 24 January 1654 at La Ciotat, Provence and died on 20 March 1717 at Toulon. He is first identified in the archives under the name of "Coulomb fils" because he collaborated with his father, Laurent Coulomb, in constructing naval ships; then he became "François père" because his own son, also named François, worked in collaboration with him. In 1680, he occupied himself with the school of construction at Toulon, and wrote a manual of construction. He took the place of his father at Toulon, when the latter was named constructor at Lorient in 1690. In the course of his career he designed and built at Toulon 34 ships for the King of France, plus 2 ships for the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (the Knights of Malta).

La Ciotat
La Ciotat (French: [la sjɔta]; Provençal: La Ciutat [la sjewˈta], lit. 'The City') is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France. It is the southeasternmost commune of the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis. La Ciotat is located at about 25 km (15.5 mi) to the east of Marseille, at an equal distance from Toulon.
Julian Hatcher
Julian Sommerville Hatcher (June 26, 1888 – December 4, 1963) was a major general in the United States Army. As a firearms expert, he wrote technical books and articles relating to military firearms, ballistics, and autoloading weapons. He also pioneered the forensic identification of firearms and ammunition.

Ballistics
Ballistics is the field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behaviour and impact effects of projectiles, especially weapon munitions such as bullets, unguided bombs, rockets and the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.

A ballistic body is a free-moving body with momentum, which can be subject to forces such as those exerted by pressurized gases from a gun barrel or a propelling nozzle, normal force by rifling, and gravity and air drag during flight.

A ballistic missile is a missile that is guided only during the relatively brief initial phase of powered flight, with the trajectory subsequently governed by the laws of classical mechanics, in contrast to (for example) a cruise missile, which is aerodynamically guided in powered flight like a fixed-wing aircraft.
Neuraxial blockade
Neuraxial blockade is local anaesthesia placed around the nerves of the central nervous system, such as spinal anaesthesia, caudal anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia, and combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia. The technique is used in surgery, obstetrics, and for postoperative and chronic pain relief.

Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia is a regional anaesthetic technique, which combines the benefits of both spinal anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia and analgesia. The spinal component gives a rapid onset of a predictable block. The indwelling  epidural catheter gives the ability to provide long lasting analgesia and to titrate the dose given to the desired effect.
O'Hegarty
O'Hegarty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diarmuid O'Hegarty (1892-1958), Irish civil servant and revolutionary

P. S. O'Hegarty (1879-1955), Irish writer and editor

Seán O'Hegarty (1881-1963), Irish Republican Army member

Seán O'Hegarty
Seán O'Hegarty (21 March 1881 – 31 May 1963) was a prominent member of the Irish Republican Army in County Cork during the Irish War of Independence. He served as O/C of the Cork No. 1 Brigade of the IRA after the deaths of Tomás Mac Curtain and Terence MacSwiney.
Jo Novita
Jo Novita (born 19 November 1981) is an Indonesian former badminton player. She won gold medals in the women's doubles at the Southeast Asian Games in 2003, and in the team event in 2001 and 2007. She won the World Grand Prix tournament title in Thailand and Philippines Open. Novita also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2006 Asian Games.

Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Goudi Olympic Hall at the Goudi Olympic Complex from 14 August through 21 August. Both men and women competed in their own singles and doubles events and together they competed in a mixed doubles event.
Ever, Never Lovin' You
"Ever, Never Lovin' You" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Ed Bruce.  It was released in July 1982 as the first single from his album I Write It Down.  The song reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.  Bruce wrote the song with his wife Patsy and Glenn Ray.

Patsy Bruce
Patsy Ann Bruce (née Smithson; March 8, 1940 – May 16, 2021) was an American country-western songwriter, music artist manager, and casting agent and businesswoman. She is best known for songs co-written with her then-husband, singer Ed Bruce, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, including the country-western standard "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys", which was recorded by Waylon Jennings with Willie Nelson and went to No. 1 on the country chart in 1978.
Baxters
Baxters Food Group Limited, (trading as Baxters), is a food processing company, based in Fochabers, Scotland. It produces foods such as canned soups, canned meat products, sour pickles, sauces, vinegars, antipasto, chutneys, fruit preserves and salad and meat condiments. The corporate headquarters are based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Products are sold under the Baxters brand as well as a variety of brands owned, or licensed, to the group. Baxters has remained a private family company for four generations, during which time it has expanded significantly by acquiring other business within the United Kingdom and internationally.

The company was known as W.A. Baxter & Sons Ltd. prior to 21 December 2006.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Abu Hafs Sughdi
Abu Hafs Sughdi (Persian: ابوحفص سغدی) was an Iranian poet and musician of the late-third/ninth to early-fourth/tenth century. Not much is known about his life. But, it is believed that Abu Hafs was the first poet to write poetry in the New Persian language. He was possibly the inventor of the musical instrument called the shahrūd (شاهرود). According to some primary sources, he was the author of an Arabic-Persian dictionary, which is lost today, but was available as late as the 11th century AH. It is also possible that the author of this dictionary was another person also named Abu Hafs.

Shams-i Qays-i Razi is the first person who mentioned Abu Hafs in al-Muʿjam fī maʿāyīr ashʿār al-ʿajam. He claimed that Abu Hafs was the first Persian poet. Later biographers of Abu Hafs repeated this claim, but it is known that there were some other Persian poets during the Tahirid and Saffarid era who lived before Abu Hafs, like Muhammad ibn Wasif, Abu'l-Abbas Marwazi, Hanzala Badghisi.

New Persian
New Persian (Persian: فارسی نو, romanized: fārsī-ye now), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین), is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present).

Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there.
Larabi's Ox: Stories of Morocco
Larabi's Ox: Stories of Morocco by Tony Ardizzone is a collection of linked short stories. Published in 1992 by the small press Milkweed Editions, the collection is the Winner of the Milkweed National Fiction Prize, the Friends of Literature's Chicago Foundation Award for Fiction, the Pushcart Prize, and a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Fiction

Prairie Schooner
Prairie Schooner is a literary magazine published quarterly at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with the cooperation of UNL's English Department and the University of Nebraska Press. It is based in Lincoln, Nebraska and was first published in 1926. It was founded by Lowry Wimberly and a small group of his students, who together formed the Wordsmith Chapter of Sigma Upsilon (a national honorary literary society).

Although many assume it is a regional magazine, it is nationally and internationally distributed and publishes writers from all over the United States and the world.

Prairie Schooner has garnered selections and honorable mentions in the Pushcart Prize anthologies and various of the Best American series, including Best American Short Stories, Best American Essays, Best American Mystery Stories, and Best American Nonrequired Reading.
Carl T. Langford
Carl T. Langford (July 23, 1918 – July 9, 2011) was an American politician who was Mayor of Orlando, Florida, from 1967 to 1980. He served in the United States Army from 1941 until 1946 with the rank of Major. He was also one of the first two Eagle Scouts in the state to be awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Returning to Florida after his military service, Carl attended the University of Florida and graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1948.

Langford died July 9, 2011, at age 92. He was interred at Greenwood Cemetery.
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon University of Florida 1936 -1948.

Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award (DESA) is a distinguished service award of Scouting America. It is awarded to an Eagle Scout who has achieved extraordinary national-level recognition, fame, or eminence within their profession and has a strong record of voluntary service to their community. Stringent criteria begins with a minimum of 25 years from the official record date the Eagle Scout rank was earned, a nomination process, selection committee review, and approval by the National Eagle Scout Association. It is one of two Scouting America awards for adults that is dependent upon the recipient being an Eagle Scout; the other is the NESA Outstanding Eagle Scout Award (NOESA).
Richard Lowther (died 1659)
Richard Lowther (ca. 1583 – April 1659) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640.

Lowther was the son of Sir Christopher Lowther, of Lowther, Westmorland and his wife Eleanor Musgrave, daughter of William Musgrave of Hayton Cumberland. He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford on 14 May 1602, aged 18, and was awarded BA on 22 February 1605. He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1614. He was of St. Giles, Cripplegate and was a J.P. for Middlesex. He was elected MP for Appleby for the Short Parliament in April 1640.

His cousin of the same name, Richard Lowther (1602-1645), was a Member of Parliament in 1626–28; he is sometimes mistakenly identified with this Richard.

Lowther founded a school in 1638 which was built at Lowther in 1640.

Lowther died at the age of about 75 and was buried in Lothbury church.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Albert Wigand (meteorologist)
Ernst Heinrich Paul Albert Wigand (21 October 1882 – 18 December 1932), known as Albert Wigand,  was a German professor who lectured in the fields of physics, geodesy, meteorology and climatology. His is most well known as one of the earliest physicists to successfully devise a method of studying fog and cloud matter in mid-air. In his later years, he became a fierce supporter of the xenophobic and nationalist thinking that would underpin Nazi ideology, and that association has clouded his legacy.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.
Battle of Shekar Yazi
Battle of Shekar Yazi (Kurdish: شەڕی شەکەریاز, romanized: Şeřî Şekeriyaz) took place on 21 January 1920 between the forces of Simko Shikak, a Kurdish tribal leader, and the government of Iran. This confrontation was part of the broader Kurdish uprisings in early 20th-century Iran, during a period marked by regional unrest and efforts by Kurdish leaders to assert autonomy.

Simko Shikak
Ismail Agha Shikak (Kurdish: ئیسماعیل ئاغا شکاک, Îsmaîl Axayê Şikak), also known as Simko (Kurdish: سمکۆ, Simko; 1887–1930), was a Kurdish chieftain of the Shekak tribe. He was a warlord who controlled significant land and led thousands of Kurdish rebels who defeated the Qajar and Pahlavi armies on several occasions. He had also fought against the Ottomans and other foreign troops in Iran. He also led ethnic conflicts of Assyrians and Azerbaijanis. In 1930, he was assassinated by the government of Pahlavi Iran.
Peake Wood
Peake Wood is a 17.7-hectare (44-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Petersfield in Hampshire.

This is a prime example of a hazel and ash wood on calcareous soils. There is also a variety of other trees and a rich herb layer, which is dominated by bluebell and dog's mercury. Other plants include the rare star-of-Bethlehem and fly orchid.

The site is private land with no public access.

Petersfield
Petersfield is a market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 15 miles (24 km) north of Portsmouth. The town has its own railway station on the Portsmouth Direct line, the mainline rail link connecting Portsmouth and London. Situated below the northern slopes of the South Downs, Petersfield lies wholly within the South Downs National Park.

The town is on the crossroads of well-used north–south (formerly the A3 road which now bypasses the town) and east–west routes (today the A272 road) and it grew as a coach stop on the Portsmouth to London route. Petersfield is twinned with Barentin in France, and Warendorf in Germany.
John of Toledo
John of Toledo (died 1275) was an English Cistercian and Cardinal.

Little is known about John before 1244: He was born in England, had studied medicine in Toledo and acquired theological skills at an unknown place. He became a Cistercian monk in the French abbey of Clairvaux and together with other clerics while on the way to a synod in Rome, he was captured by the troops of Emperor Frederick II in 1241 and was his prisoner for about two years, together with another Cistercian, the cardinal bishop of Palestrina, Giacomo da Pecorara.

Created cardinal priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina in 1244 by Pope Innocent IV, he became bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina in 1262. He took part in the Papal election of 1268 to 1271 at Viterbo and was Dean of the College of Cardinals in January 1273.

He died in 1275.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina (Latin: Diocesis Praenestina) is a Latin suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy.

The current bishop of Palestrina is Mauro Parmeggiani, who was appointed by Pope Francis on 19 February 2019. Prior to his appointment, he had served as Apostolic Administrator following the resignation of his predecessor, Bishop Emeritus Domenico Sigalini, on 31 July 2017 due to age.
For the Love of Ada (film)
For the Love of Ada is a 1972 British comedy film directed by Ronnie Baxter and starring Irene Handl, Wilfred Pickles, Barbara Mitchell and Jack Smethurst. It was written by Harry Driver and Vince Powell as a spin-off from the television series For the Love of Ada (1970–1971).

Vince Powell
Vincent Joseph Powell (6 August 1928 – 13 July 2009) was a British television scriptwriter. Known for writing television sitcoms, he collaborated with a writing partner, Harry Driver, until his death in 1973.
Ibrahim Temo
Ibrahim Starova, also Ibrahim Bërzeshta (born Ibrahim Edhem Sojliu; 22 March 1865 – 5 August 1945), better known as Ibrahim Temo, was an Ottoman-Albanian politician, revolutionary, intellectual, and a medical doctor by profession. Temo was the original founder of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), then founded as an Ottomanist organization, following which he contributed to the Albanian National Awakening through his activities in the Bashkimi Society.

Ottomanism
Ottomanism or Osmanlılık (Ottoman Turkish: عثمانلولق, Turkish: Osmanlıcılık. French: Ottomanisme) was a concept which developed prior to the 1876–1878 First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire. Its proponents believed that it could create the Unity of the Peoples, İttihad-ı Anasır, needed to keep religion-based millets from tearing the empire apart.
Air Zoo
The Air Zoo, founded as the Kalamazoo Aviation History Museum, is an aviation museum and indoor amusement park next to the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport in Portage, Michigan. The Air Zoo holds many historical and rare aircraft, including the world's fastest air-breathing aircraft, the SR-71B Blackbird. Many of its antique planes are airworthy. Among its other attractions are a 180-degree theater that projects a simulation of a B-17 bombing mission during World War II; and various amusement rides, including flight simulators of a rocket trip to Mars, a U.S. Navy (former Blue Angel) F/A-18 Hornet, a stunt biplane, a hot air balloon, a U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat that served aboard USS America, and more. Air Zoo is a Smithsonian Affiliate.

USS America (CV-66)
USS America (hull number CVA/CV-66) was one of three Kitty Hawk-class supercarriers built for the United States Navy in the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, she spent most of her career operating in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, but did make three Pacific Ocean deployments serving in the Vietnam War. She also served in the Persian Gulf War's operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

America was the first large aircraft carrier since Operation Crossroads in 1946 to be expended in weapons tests. In 2005, she was scuttled southeast of Cape Hatteras, after four weeks of tests, despite a large protest of former crew members who wanted to see her instituted as a memorial museum. She was the largest warship ever sunk.
NSB Class 12
The NSB Type 12a, NSB Type 12b and NSB Type 12c were three steam locomotives built between 1891 and 1898 by Sächsische Maschinenfabrik and Dübs and Company for use on various railway lines in Norway. They were tank engines, which were useful so they wouldn't have to be turned around.

Dübs and Company
Dübs & Co. was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Henry Dübs in 1863 and based at the Queens Park Works in Polmadie. In 1903 it amalgamated with two other Glasgow locomotive manufacturers to create the North British Locomotive Company.
Anthony Tidd
Anthony Tidd is a British-born bass player, composer, music producer, curator and Guggenheim Fellow who has been based in the United States since 1999. A well-known name on the international jazz scene and veteran touring bass player, he has graced stages alongside many staple names, including Steve Coleman, The Roots, Rudresh Mahanthappa, Wayne Krantz, Meshell Ndegeocello, Common, and Jill Scott. Currently, Tidd regularly tours and records with alto saxophonist Steve Coleman, is the Creative Music Program Director at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts in Philadelphia. and is the owner of recording/production studio Tidbit Sonos.

Meshell Ndegeocello
Meshell Ndegeocello (/mɪˈʃɛl ənˌdeɪɡeɪoʊˈtʃɛloʊ/ mish-EL ən-DAY-gay-oh-CHEL-oh; born Michelle Lynn Johnson on August 29, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, and bassist. She has gone by the name Meshell Suhaila Bashir-Shakur which is used as a writing credit on some of her mid-career work. Her music incorporates a wide variety of influences, including funk, soul, jazz, hip hop, reggae and rock. She has received significant critical acclaim throughout her career, being nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, and winning three. She also has been credited for helping to "spark the neo-soul movement".
Lincoln (Pennsylvania) Lions
The Lincoln Lions are the athletic teams that represent Lincoln University, located near Oxford in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports.

The Lions compete as full members of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association. LU was an original member of the CIAA between 1912 and 1980 and then rejoined in 2008.

Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)
Lincoln University (LU) is a public state-related historically black university (HBCU) in Lower Oxford Township, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as the private Ashmun Institute in 1854, it has been a public institution since 1972. Lincoln is also recognized as the first college-degree-granting HBCU in the country. Its main campus is located on 422 acres (170.8 ha) in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. The university has a second location in University City, Philadelphia. Lincoln University provides undergraduate and graduate coursework to approximately 2,000 students. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

While a majority of its students are African Americans, the university has a long history of accepting students of other races and nationalities. Women have received degrees since 1953, and made up 66% of undergraduate enrollment in 2019.
Kumbharli Ghat
The Kumbharli Ghat is a mountain pass in Maharashtra, India that connects the coastal Ratnagiri District in Konkan  region of Maharashtra with the Satara District in Desh region. It cuts across the Western Ghats range.  It is one of few link roads between the Konkan and Ghatmaatha in Maharashtra. The road, a state highway, is at an average elevation of 625 m (2,051 ft).  It links the cities of Chiplun (Ratnagiri district) and Karad (Satara district). Near the eastern end is the Koyna Dam.

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.