hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union of African States
The Union of African States (French: Union des États africains), sometimes called the Ghana–Guinea–Mali Union, was a short-lived and loose regional organization formed in 1958 linking the West African nations of Ghana and Guinea as the Union of Independent African States. Mali joined in 1961. It disbanded in 1963.

The union planned to develop a common currency and unified foreign policy amongst members; however, none of these proposals were implemented by the countries. The union was the first organization in Africa to bring together former colonies of the British and the French. Although the union was open to all independent states in Africa, no other states joined. The union had a limited impact on politics as there was never any administration or permanent meetings to support the goals of unity. Its legacy was largely limited to longstanding political relationships between Ghana and Mali.

British West Africa
British West Africa was the collective name for British settlements in West Africa during the colonial period, either in the general geographical sense or the formal colonial administrative entity. British West Africa as a colonial entity was originally officially known as Colony of Sierra Leone and its Dependencies, then British West African Territories and finally British West African Settlements.

The United Kingdom held varying parts of these territories or the whole throughout the 19th century. From west to east, the colonies became the independent countries of The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana and Nigeria. Until independence, Ghana was referred to as the Gold Coast.
David Everard Ford
David Everard Ford (1797–1875) was an English Congregational minister, religious author and hymn composer.

Ford was born on 13 September 1797 at Long Melford in Suffolk, where his father, the Rev. David Ford, was Congregational minister. In 1816 he entered Wymondley College, and in 1821 became Congregational minister at Lymington in Hampshire.

Long Melford
Long Melford, colloquially and historically also referred to as Melford, is a large village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is on Suffolk's border with Essex, which is marked by the River Stour, 3 miles (4.8 km) from Sudbury, approximately 16 miles (26 km) from Colchester and 14 miles (23 km) from Bury St Edmunds. It is one of Suffolk's "wool towns" and is a former market town. The parish also includes the hamlets of Bridge Street and Cuckoo Tye. In 2011 the parish had a population of 3918.

Its name is derived from the nature of the village's layout (originally concentrated along a 3-mile stretch of a single road) and the Mill ford crossing the Chad Brook (a tributary of the River Stour).
HMS Ariadne (1816)
HMS Ariadne was a 20-gun Hermes-class sixth-rate post ship built for the Royal Navy during the 1810s. The vessel was completed in 1816, modified in the early 1820s and only entered service in 1823. Ariadne was assigned to the Cape of Good Hope Station, followed by a stint in the Mediterranean Sea. The ship served on the North America and West Indies Station from 1829 to 1835. She was paid off in 1835, turned into a coal hulk the following year and sold for scrap in 1841.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Eva Pavlíková
Eva Pavlíková (born 17 September 1960) is a Slovak actress. At the 2004 Crystal Wing Awards she won in the theatre category, for her work at the Andrej Bagar Theatre in Nitra. She has a daughter, Katarína Kubošiová, who is a singer known as Katarzia.

Andrej Bagar Theatre
The Andrej Bagar Theatre (Slovak: Divadlo Andreja Bagara) is a theatre located in Nitra, Slovakia. It opened in 1949. The theatre was known as Nitrianske krajové divadlo (Nitra Region Theatre) and Krajové divadlo Nitra (Regional Theatre Nitra) before being named after actor Andrej Bagar in 1979. Various productions from the theatre have been recognised in the annual DOSKY Awards. The director of the theatre from 2001 was Ján Greššo, until being succeeded by Jaroslav Dóczy in 2016.
Norrbotten Wing
Norrbotten Wing (Swedish: Norrbottens flygflottilj), also F 21 Luleå, or simply F 21, is a Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located in Luleå Airport in northern Sweden.  It is one of the three remaining wings in Sweden and currently has two squadrons of multirole aircraft. F 21 in the north and F 17 in the south are the two wings remaining to have operational squadrons. F 7 is a school where pilots begin their training in the JAS 39 Gripen. Once completed the pilot's training is moved out to the two operational wings where they acquire their final training.

Multirole combat aircraft
A multirole combat aircraft is a combat aircraft intended to perform different roles in combat. Aircraft such as the F-35 Lightning II can be called a ‘multirole fighter’ These roles can include air to air combat, air support, 
aerial bombing, reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and suppression of air defenses.
Luo Mu
Luo Mu (1622–1706) was a painter, poet and prose writer born in Jiangxi. He spent most of his life in the capital Nanchang. He was noted for his landscape paintings, especially of mountains, and for what would be termed "The JiangXi Style". His personality was said to be convivial and he counted Xu Yuxi amongst his friends.

Nanchang
Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.

As the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 is distinctively recognized by the ruling Communist Party as "firing the first gunshot against the Nationalists", the current government has therefore named the city since 1949 "the place where the People's Liberation Army was born", and the most widely known "place where the military banner of the People's Liberation Army was first raised".

Nanchang is also a major city, appearing among the top 100 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index and home to Nanchang University.
Pitchfork Music Festival 2024
The Pitchfork Music Festival 2024 was held from July 19 to 21, 2024, at the Union Park, Chicago, United States. The festival was headlined by singer-songwriter Alanis Morissette, psychedelic soul duo Black Pumas, and disk jockey Jamie xx. It was followed by after shows in various venues around Chicago with a line-up, including Doss, Feeble Little Horse, Hailu Mergia, Model/Actriz, among others.

This year marks the festival's last edition, since Pitchfork announced that it would not host the festival in 2025.

Hailu Mergia
Hailu Mergia (Amharic: ኃይሉ መርጊያ, romanized: ḫayilu merigīya) is an Ethiopian keyboardist, accordionist, composer, and arranger now based in Washington D.C., United States. He is known for his role in the Walias Band in the 1970s, one of the most significant groups in Ethiopia’s "golden age" of music.
Leon Lazarus
Leon Lazarus (August 22, 1919 – November 28, 2008) was an American writer-editor for publisher Martin Goodman's Magazine Management Company, as well as for Goodman's Timely and Atlas comic book companies, the two predecessors of Marvel Comics. The uncredited author of countless comic-book stories from 1947 through at least 1965 – with his name long considered a possible pseudonym on the rare occasions it appeared – the 85-year-old Lazarus was located in 2005 by comics historians who then initiated efforts to document his credits and fill some of the many gaps in the medium's record.

In addition to comic books, Lazarus wrote paperback books, including two in the "Nick Carter" detective novel series, as well as children's books for Little Golden Books. His magazine writing included pieces for the men's adventure magazines Saga, Stag, and Blue Book, and the more general-interest Coronet.

He is not to be confused with the science fiction book reviewer and writer Dr. Henry Leon Lazarus.

Men's adventure
Men's adventure is a genre of magazine that was published in the United States from the 1940s until the early 1970s. Catering to a male audience, these magazines featured pin-up girls and lurid tales of adventure that typically were promoted as true stories narrated in first-person by the participants or in an 'as told to' style. Usual stories included wartime feats of daring, exotic travel or conflict with wild animals. These magazines were also colloquially called "armpit slicks", "men's sweat magazines" or "the sweats", especially by people in the magazine publishing or distribution trades.
Briny Breezes, Florida
Briny Breezes is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The town is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. Briny Breezes (or "Briny" as it is known locally) is a small coastal community of approximately 488 mobile homes along State Road A1A. Briny is a private community consisting mostly of "snowbirds" from the Northeastern, the Midwest, and Canada. It and Ocean Breeze are the only two mobile home parks in Florida that are incorporated towns. The population was 502 at the 2020 US census.

Snowbird (person)
A snowbird is a person who migrates from the colder northern parts of North America to warmer southern locales, typically during the winter. The southern locales include the Sun Belt and Hawaii in the United States, as well as Mexico and the Caribbean. Snowbirds used to primarily be retired or older, but are increasingly of all ages.

Conversely, a sunbird is one who leaves warmer locales in the summer, migrating to cooler locales such as higher elevations or more northerly regions.
Chinese expansionism
Territorial expansion took place during multiple periods of Chinese history, especially under the dynasties of Han, Tang, Yuan, and Qing. According to anthropologist Francis L. K. Hsu, the modern concept and narrative of Chinese expansionism emerged among westerners only after the Chinese Communist Party established the People's Republic of China.

Expansionism
Expansionism refers to states obtaining greater territory through military empire-building (e.g. imperialism) or colonialism. In the classical age of conquest moral justification for territorial expansion at the direct expense of another established polity was often as unapologetic as "because we can", treading on the philosophical grounds of "might makes right".

As political conceptions of the nation state evolved, especially in reference to the inherent rights of the governed, more complex justifications arose. State-collapse anarchy, reunification or pan-nationalism are sometimes used to justify and legitimize expansionism when the explicit goal is to reconquer territories that have been lost or to take over ancestral lands. Lacking a viable historical claim of this nature, would-be expansionists may instead promote ideologies of promised lands, perhaps tinged with a self-interested pragmatism that targeted lands will eventually belong to the potential invader anyway.
Alex McFarland
Alex McFarland is an American public speaker, author, educator, and advocate for Christian apologetics. In the Alex McFarland Speaker Series, Alex McFarland hosted Charlie Kirk (just weeks before Charlie's assassination) on August 21, 2025. Alex McFarland also co-hosts "Exploring the Word" on the American Family Radio Network, airing daily on nearly 200 radio stations across the U.S. His TV program, the “Alex McFarland Show,” airs weekly on NRB TV and YouTube. The “Alex McFarland Show” podcast is available at alexmcfarland.com/podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts.

McFarland was President of the Southern Evangelical Seminary from 2006 - 2011. Later, he served as director of the Center for Christian Worldview and Apologetics at North Greenville University.

McFarland is a speaker for evangelical Christian audiences.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Lisburne
John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Lisburne (3 May 1769 – 18 May 1831), known as the Honourable John Vaughan until 1820, was a British soldier and Member of Parliament for Cardigan Boroughs.

Lisburne was the younger son of Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne. He served in the Army, transferring from the 87th Foot to the 58th Foot as a captain in 1795, and being promoted to major the next month and lieutenant-colonel later the same year. He eventually achieved the rank of colonel.

58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot
The 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Northamptonshire Regiment in 1881.
Jason Holstrom
Jason Holstrom (born August 3, 1976) is a Seattle-based musician and member of Seattle bands United State of Electronica (U.S.E.) and Wonderful.

His solo projects include  The Thieves of Kailua,  Tonight Sky and Sunstrom Sound Solar Cycle, a series of ambient albums following the Earth's seasonal path around the Sun. In 2012 he created music for the This American Life Live show, including the score for the Mike Birbiglia short film Fresh Air 2: 2 Fresh 2 Furious.

Mike Birbiglia
Mike Birbiglia (/bɜːrˈbɪɡliə/; born June 20, 1978) is an American comedian, actor, director, producer and Emmy-nominated writer. He has written and performed a series of award-winning solo shows worldwide. His six solo shows, Sleepwalk With Me, My Girlfriend’s Boyfriend, Thank God For Jokes, The New One, The Old Man and the Pool, and The Good Life, enjoyed successful runs on and off Broadway and became hit Netflix comedy specials. Birbiglia also wrote, directed, and starred in the films Sleepwalk with Me (2012) and Don't Think Twice (2016). As an actor, Birbiglia has appeared in the films Trainwreck (2015), The Fault in Our Stars (2014), Popstar, A Man Called Otto as well as TV roles in Orange Is the New Black and Billions. He hosts the podcast Mike Birbiglia's Working it Out.
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom is a 1905 American silent film directed by J. Stuart Blackton for Vitagraph Studios. It was the second film based on Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, following the 1900 Mutoscope trick film Sherlock Holmes Baffled, and is usually regarded as the first attempt to film a "serious" Holmes adaptation. The scenario was by Theodore Liebler based on elements of Conan Doyle's 1890 novel The Sign of the Four.

Robert Pohle notes that "Deprived of his voice in those early silent films, Holmes was also transformed from an intellectual, armchair detective into a more kinetic action figure—almost a sort of cowboy-in-deerstalker."

Although sometimes considered a lost film, fragments are still extant in the Library of Congress paper print collection. The film was shot on 35mm black-and-white film, running to one reel of 725 feet in length.

J. Stuart Blackton
James Stuart Blackton (January 5, 1875 – August 13, 1941) was a British-American film producer and director of the silent era. One of the pioneers of motion pictures, he founded Vitagraph Studios in 1897. He was one of the first filmmakers to use the techniques of stop-motion and drawn animation, is considered a father of American animation, and was the first to bring many classic plays and books to the screen. Blackton was also the commodore of the Motorboat Club of America and the Atlantic Yacht Club.
Coastal Highway (Belize)
The Coastal Highway is a major highway in eastern Belize. It runs from the George Price Highway in La Democracia,  Belize District south to the  Hummingbird Highway in Hope Creek, Stann Creek District. This is a distance of 36.17 miles (58.21 km).

As of September 23, 2020, the highway's official name is the Manuel Esquivel Highway, named for Sir Manuel Amadeo Esquivel, the former Prime Minister of Belize and leader of the United Democratic Party. Locally, it is also known as the Shortcut, as the Coastal Highway shortens the route from Belize City to Dangriga by 29.1 miles (46.8 km), and was largely utilized by large trucks avoiding the extra distance on the George Price Highway and Hummingbird Highway via Belmopan.

Before being renamed, the highway was known as the Manatee Highway, named for the Manatee Forest Reserve that lies to the west of the road.

Manuel Esquivel
Sir Manuel Amadeo Esquivel KCMG, PC (2 May 1940 – 10 February 2022) was a Belizean politician. As leader of the United Democratic Party, he served as the second prime minister of Belize from 1984 to 1989, and then again from 1993 to 1998.  His party's victory in 1984 was the first time an opposition party had won a general election in Belize.
Motohiko Izawa
Motohiko Izawa (井沢 元彦, Izawa Motohiko, born February 1, 1954, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture) is a Japanese writer of mystery novels and historical fiction as well as a historical researcher. He was formerly a news reporter for TBS and since April 2012 has worked as a visiting professor at Shuchiin University.

Kotodama
Kotodama or kototama (言霊, sometimes written as 言魂, lit. 'word spirit/soul') refers to the Japanese belief that mystical powers dwell in words and names. English translations include "soul of language", "spirit of language", "power of language", "power word", "magic word", and "sacred sound". The notion of kotodama presupposes that sounds can affect objects, and that ritual word usages can influence the environment, body, mind, and soul. Some interpret the belief as the discovery of commands words that can affect physiology and the mind.
Storage record
In computer science, a storage record is:

A group of related data, words, or fields treated as a meaningful unit; for instance, a Name, Address, and Telephone Number can be a "Personal Record".

A self-contained collection of information about a single object; a record is made up of a number of distinct items, called fields.

In record-oriented filesystems, a record is a basic unit of device-to-program data transfers. "A storage record is the direct result of transforming a logical record to an actual storage format." Files in record-oriented filesystems are  structured collections of records. Records may have a fixed length or variable length.

In Unix-like systems, a number of programs (for example, awk, join, and sort) are designed to process data consisting of records (called lines) each separated by newlines, where each record may contain a number of fields separated by spaces, commas, or some other character.

Join (Unix)
join is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that merges the lines of two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field. It is similar to the join operator used in relational databases but operating on text files.
HMS H44
HMS H44 was an H-class submarine of the Royal Navy. She was built by Armstrong Whitworth and launched on 17 February 1919. She served in the Second World War. She had a complement of twenty-two crew members. She was sold in 1944 and was broken up at Troon in February 1945.

Troon
Troon (Scottish Gaelic: An Truthail) is a town and sea port in South Ayrshire, situated on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland, about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) north of Ayr and three miles (five kilometres) northwest of Glasgow Prestwick Airport. Troon has a port with ferry and freight services, and a yacht marina. Up until January 2016, P&O operated a seasonal ferry service to Larne. In May 2006, a ferry service to Campbeltown was added, although this was withdrawn the following year. Since March 2024, Caledonian MacBrayne have operated a ferry service to Brodick on the Isle of Arran.

In the 2001 census the population of Troon, not including the nearby village of Loans but including the Barassie area, was estimated at 14,766, a 4.77% increase on the 1991 estimate of 14,094. The population in 2024 is just over 15,000.
Sahndra Fon Dufe
Sahndra Fon Dufe (born 28 October 1989) is a Cameroonian actress, author, screenwriter, film producer, and CEO of the Indie production house African Pictures International. She has appeared in several international movies, including One Night in Vegas and Black November. Cameroonian singer Said Barah has referred to her as "Young Oprah" in one of his songs called Sahndra Fon Dufe, in admiration for her creative ingenuity and inspirational influence for young women all over Africa.

Jimmy Jean-Louis
Jimmy Jean-Louis (born August 8, 1968) is a Haitian actor and producer. Born in Pétion-Ville, he moved to Paris at a young age with his family in search of a better life. His early roles were in French television commercials and Spanish musical theatre. Eventually settling in Los Angeles in the late 1990s, he had small roles in The Bourne Identity, Tears of the Sun and Arliss before breaking into larger roles in American television and film. He played the character of "the Haitian" on the NBC television series Heroes from 2007 to 2010.  He played the title character in the 2012 French telefilm Toussaint Louverture. In 2024, he co-produced and acted in the Indian film The Goat Life alongside Prithviraj.
Hygrophorus penarioides
Hygrophorus penarioides is a species of mushroom in the Hygrophoraceae. Found in Sweden, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak trees. It was formerly identified as Hygrophorus penarius, a similar species typically found in association with both beech and oak; analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequence data demonstrated that the species were different.

Internal transcribed spacer
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript.
Golice, Łódź Voivodeship
Golice [ɡɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Poddębice and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.