hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tungsten steel
Tungsten steel is any steel that has tungsten as its alloying element with characteristics derived mostly from the presence of this element (as opposed to any other element in the alloy).  Common alloys have between 2% and 18% tungsten by weight along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium which together create an alloy with exceptional heat, corrosion, and wear resistance.  Tungsten is one of the oldest elements used for alloying steel. It forms a very hard carbide and iron tungstite.  High tungsten content in the alloy, however, tends to cause brittleness and makes it subject to fracturing rather than bending.  The SAE designation for all tungsten steels consist of four numbers beginning with the number 7, in the format 7XXX.

Tungsten steel is used for manufacturing micro-drill bits, high-durability self-sharpening rotary cutting blades, and rocket engine nozzles, among many other applications.

Tungstite
Tungstite is a hydrous tungsten oxide mineral with formula: WO3·H2O. It is a secondary mineral formed by the weathering of other tungsten containing minerals. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in translucent yellow to yellow green masses. It is clay-like with Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 5.5.

It was first described in 1868 for an occurrence near Trumbull, Connecticut at the Hubbard Tungsten Mine at Long Hill.
Kathryn Tucker Windham Museum
The Kathryn Tucker Windham Museum is a biographical museum located on the campus of Coastal Alabama Community College in Thomasville, Alabama.  It is dedicated to preserving the works of native author, storyteller, and journalist Kathryn Tucker Windham.  Windham spent much of her life recording Alabama's history and folklore.  The museum was dedicated on June 1, 2003, Windham's 85th birthday.

Located in the College's library building, it includes a sculpture of Windham by Alabama folk artist Charlie Lucas.

Coastal Alabama Community College
Coastal Alabama Community College (also known as Coastal Alabama Community College – South) is a public community college with campuses in southern Alabama. Coastal Alabama was formed through the consolidation of Alabama Southern Community College, Faulkner State Community College, and Jefferson Davis Community College.
Prometheus (tree)
Prometheus (recorded as WPN-114) was the world's oldest known non-clonal organism, a Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) tree growing near the tree line on Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada, United States. The tree, which was at least 4,862 years old and possibly more than 5,000, was cut down in 1964 by a graduate student and United States Forest Service personnel for research purposes. Those involved did not know of its world-record age before the cutting, and the circumstances and decision-making process remain controversial.

The tree's name refers to the mythological figure Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods and gave it to man. The designation WPN-114 was given by the original researcher, Donald Rusk Currey, and means it was the 114th tree he sampled in his research in Nevada's White Pine County.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
Hyposmocoma psaroderma
Hyposmocoma psaroderma is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The type locality is the Waianae Range, where the moth was collected at an elevation of 3,000 feet (910 m).

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Bali Shag
Bali Shag is a traditional Dutch-style tobacco blend. The blend is a mixture of dark burley tobacco and light virginia tobaccos. Bali Shag is a European cut tobacco which is popular mostly in the US and Western Europe.

The tobacco is cut with a fine silk, or shag, which makes it easier to use for hand rolling. Bali Shag has different variants: Rounded Virginia, Rich Virginia, Mellow Taste Virginia, Halfzware, White Halfzware, and Nature.

The item was discontinued in February 2018 and then was bought out by Republic Tobacco in April 2018. In mid 2019 a new blend of the popular blue Bali Shag began distribution in the United States, containing 85% foreign leaf and 15% US leaf, in contrast to the original's 100% foreign leaf.

Previously owned by Rogelio Miguel Martinez Imperial Tobacco (which had acquired it from Commonwealth Brands, Inc. in 2007), the Bali Shag brand is currently owned and commercialised by the Scandinavian Tobacco Group.

Burley (tobacco)
Burley tobacco is a light, air-cured tobacco used primarily for cigarette production. In the United States, it is produced in an eight-state belt, with about 70% produced in Kentucky. Tennessee produces around 20%, with smaller amounts produced in Indiana, North Carolina, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Burley tobacco is produced in many other countries, with major production in Brazil, Malawi, and Argentina.
WGEV
WGEV was a college radio station that was owned by Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.  The station began broadcasting on November 15, 1965 at 12:30 pm.  The station used to broadcast on 88.3 FM, but its license was canceled in September 2007. A class D station, WGEV applied for a power upgrade and move to class A status in 1989 but that move was rejected in July 1989 as it would have caused significant interference with the broadcast signal of WYSU in Youngstown, Ohio.

Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania
Beaver Falls is a city in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,005 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Beaver River 6 miles (9.7 km) north of its confluence with the Ohio River. It is 31 miles (50 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
MM (TV channel)
MMTV (Bulgarian: ММ) was a Bulgarian 24/7 online TV channel that started as cable and satellite music television channel in 1997 and had a profound impact on the modern popular culture in Bulgaria. The MM Annual Music Awards were at their time the most important event in the Bulgarian music scene.

Music television
Music television is a type of television programming which focuses predominantly on playing music videos from recording artists, usually on dedicated television channels broadcasting on satellite, cable, or streaming platforms.

Music television channels may host their own shows and charts and award prizes. Examples are Paramount's MTV, Channel UFX (India), 4Music (UK), 40 TV (Spain), Channel V (China), VIVA (Germany, defunct), Scuzz (UK), MuchMusic (Canadian), TeleHit (Mexico), Kerrang! TV (UK), RAC 105 TV (Catalonia), GTV (Indonesia, removed years later) VH1 (removed years later), Fuse TV (removed years later) and Palladia (now as MTV Live).
EyeOS
eyeOS  was a web desktop for cloud computing, whose main purpose is to enable collaboration and communication among users. It is mainly written in PHP, XML, and JavaScript. It is a private-cloud application platform with a web-based desktop interface. eyeOS delivers a whole desktop from the cloud with file management, personal management information tools, and collaborative tools, with the integration of the client's applications.

Portage (software)
Portage is a package management system originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux and also by ChromeOS and Calculate among others.  Portage is based on the concept of ports collections. Gentoo is sometimes referred to as a meta-distribution due to the extreme flexibility of Portage, which makes it operating-system-independent. The Gentoo/Alt project was concerned with using Portage to manage other operating systems, such as BSDs, macOS and Solaris. The most notable of these implementations is the Gentoo/FreeBSD project.

There is an ongoing effort called the Package Manager Specification project (PMS), which aims to standardise and document the behaviour of Portage, allowing the ebuild tree and Gentoo system packages to be used with alternative package managers such as Paludis and pkgcore. Its goal is to specify the exact set of features and behaviour of package managers and ebuilds, serving as an authoritative reference for Portage.
Gogos (surname)
Gogos is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Angelica Gogos (born 1989), Australian rules footballer

Basil Gogos (1929–2017), American illustrator

Dimitri Gogos (1931–2019), Greek-Australian journalist and editor

Dimitris Gogos (1903–1985), Greek singer and composer

Angelica Gogos
Angelica Gogos (born 3 September 1989) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's competition. Gogos was recruited by the Western Bulldogs as a free agent in November 2016. She made her debut in the thirty-two point win against Fremantle at VU Whitten Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season. In 2017 she was also a member of the Bulldogs premiership side. She played every match in her debut season to finish with seven matches overall. Gogos announced her retirement from the AFLW on 16 June 2021, citing continual injuries as the main cause.

She continued her football career at second-tier level, going on to play for the Darebin Falcons and winning the Lambert-Pearce Medal as the best and fairest player throughout the 2025 VFL Women's season.
2010 Southern Conference baseball tournament
The 2010 Southern Conference baseball tournament was held at Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park in Charleston, South Carolina, from May 26 through 30. Top seeded The Citadel won the tournament and earned the Southern Conference's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was The Citadel's eighth SoCon tournament win.

The tournament used a double-elimination format. Only the top eight teams participate, so Wofford, UNC Greensboro, and Davidson were not in the field.

Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park
Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park is a baseball stadium located in Charleston, South Carolina. The stadium is named after Charleston's longest-serving mayor, Joseph P. Riley Jr., who was instrumental in its construction.  The stadium replaced College Park.  It was built in 1997 and seats 6,000 people.

Nicknamed "The Joe" by locals, Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Charleston RiverDogs baseball team of the Carolina League and The Citadel Bulldogs baseball team, whose campus is located nearby.
Brunei Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area
The Brunei Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) is a cooperation initiative established in 1994 to spur development in remote and less developed areas in the four participating Southeast Asian countries.

It is home to ecologically important areas. The Heart of Borneo, which straddles Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of Brunei, is the largest contiguous forest area remaining in Southeast Asia. The Sulu–Sulawesi Seas is a highly biodiverse, globally significant biogeographic unit in the Coral Triangle—the center of the world's highest concentration of marine biodiversity.

Cooperation
Cooperation (now much less often written as co-operation in British English and, with a varied usage along time, coöperation) takes place when a group of organisms works or acts together for a collective benefit to the group as opposed to working in competition for selfish individual benefit. In biology, many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species and with members of other species with whom they have (symbiotic or mutualistic) relationships.
Henry F. Gerecke
Reverend Henry Fred Gerecke (/gɛrəki/; August 4, 1893 – October 11, 1961) was a Lutheran minister who worked as a pastor, evangelist, prison chaplain, and US Army hospital chaplain. He is most well known for his work as a chaplain during the Nuremberg Trials following the end of the Second World War, when he ministered to leading figures of the German Nazi Party who were on trial for war crimes.

Prison religion
Prison religion includes the religious beliefs and practices of prison inmates, usually stemming from or including concepts surrounding their imprisonment and accompanying lifestyle. "Prison Ministry" is a larger concept, including the support of the spiritual and religious needs of prison guards and staff, whose work in an often demanding and brutal environment often creates a special need for pastoral care, similar to the care that is extended to the military, police officers, and fire fighters.
Zvečan
Zvečan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звечан) or Zveçan (Albanian definite form: Zveçani) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 16,650 inhabitants. It covers an area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and consists of a town and 35 villages.

Zvečan is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority. According to the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality should become a part of the Community of Serb Municipalities once they are established.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Curtin, Nicholas County, West Virginia
Curtin is a nearly abandoned unincorporated community in eastern Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. The area is situated at the bottomland surrounding the mouth of the Cherry River at its confluence with the Gauley River.  Curtin is also the location where state routes 20 and 55 cross the Gauley.

Gauley River
The Gauley River is a 105-mile-long (169 km) river in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It merges with the New River to form the Kanawha River, a tributary of the Ohio River. The river features numerous recreational whitewater areas, including those in Gauley River National Recreation Area downstream of the Summersville Dam.
Teobaldo II Ordelaffi
Teobaldo II Ordelaffi (also known as Tebaldo, 1413–1425) was briefly lord of Forlì from 1422 to 1424. He was the son of Giorgio Ordelaffi.

Giorgio has named Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan as his trustee, but Teobaldo's mother Lucrezia degli Alidosi, appointed herself as regent. Spurred by Visconti, the Forliveses rebelled and called in the Milanese condottiero Agnolo della Pergola. Florence reacted and, after some initial setbacks, it was joined by Venice in 1425 thanks to the efforts of the Count of Carmagnola. The war moved to Lombardy, and Visconti ceded Forlì and Imola to Pope Martin V. The Ordelaffi would return in Forlì in 1433 with Antonio I.

Condottiero
Condottieri (Italian: [kondotˈtjɛːri]; singular: condottiero or condottiere) were Italian military leaders active during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The term originally referred specifically to commanders of mercenary companies, derived from the Italian word condotta—the contract under which they served a city-state or lord. The word condottiero thus meant 'contractor'. Over time, however, in Italian usage, condottiero came to mean any 'commander' or 'military leader'.
Usb8x
Usb8x is a flash application for the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus SE graphing calculators.  It is a driver that interfaces with the calculator's built in USB On-The-Go port, allowing developers to easily create their own USB device drivers for use on the calculators.  This allows the newfound use of USB peripherals such as a USB mouse, USB keyboard, or a USB flash drive. The programming is available for both TI-BASIC and flash application storage and management.

Flash drive
A flash drive is a portable computer drive that uses flash memory. Flash drives are the larger memory modules consisting of a number of flash chips. A flash chip is used to read the contents of a single cell, but it can write an entire block of cells. They connect to a USB port and function as a folder. They can also be encrypted for extra security.
Danko Popović
Slobodan Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Слобо Поповић; 19 August 1928 – 7 August 2009) (19. August 2009), was a Serbian lawyer, screenplaywriter and archivist from 1953 to 2006 at Serbian State Archives Of Yugoslavia.

Archives of Yugoslavia
Archives of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Архив Југославије, romanized: Arhiv Jugoslavije), in Belgrade, Serbia, house and protect the archival materials produced by state bodies and organizations of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 2006. They currently exist as a cultural institution, museum, and library. The archives building is located in Senjak, which belongs to a designated cultural-historical area of Topčider, famous for its numerous public and private buildings that have cultural heritage status.
Temurah (Kabbalah)
Temurah (Hebrew: תְּמוּרָה) is one of the three ancient methods used by Kabbalists to rearrange words and sentences in the Bible, in the belief that by this method they can derive the esoteric substratum and deeper spiritual meaning of the words (the others are gematria and notarikon). Temurah may be used to change letters in certain words to create a new meaning for a Biblical statement. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad or consonantary alphabet. Techniques that applied to English will mostly transform sense into a nonsensical series of letters are more feasible in Hebrew.

Abjad
An abjad (/ˈæbdʒæd/ ⓘ; or abgad lit. 'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless represented otherwise, such as by diacritics). This contrasts with alphabets that provide graphemes for both consonants and vowels. The term was introduced in 1990 by Peter T. Daniels. Other terms for the same concept include partial phonemic script, segmentally linear defective phonographic script, consonantary, consonant writing, and consonantal alphabet.

Impure abjads, such as the Arabic and Hebrew scripts, represent vowels with either optional diacritics or a limited number of distinct vowel graphemes, or both.
Finance Minister of the Czech Republic
The Finance Minister of the Czech Republic is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic which is concerned with financial and monetary matters.

The Finance Minister is a member of Prime Minister's Cabinet and is allowed to attend meetings of the National Security Council of the Czech Republic.

The current Finance Minister of the Czech Republic is Zbyněk Stanjura, in office since 17 December 2021.

Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
The prime minister of the Czech Republic (Czech: Předseda vlády České republiky) is the head of the government of the Czech Republic and the de facto leader and most powerful member of the executive branch.

The Constitution provides that certain presidential actions require the prime minister's countersignature, including in appointing judges and ambassadors, commanding the military, ratifying treaties and issuing amnesties.

The current prime minister, Andrej Babiš, leader of ANO, was sworn-in by President Petr Pavel on 9 December 2025, following the 2025 election and serves as the 14th person in the office.
Greenfield Bridge
The Greenfield Bridge, officially known as the Beechwood Boulevard (Greenfield) Bridge II, is a steel arch bridge located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The bridge connects the neighborhoods of Greenfield and Squirrel Hill (specifically Schenley Park) across the valley known as Four Mile Run which separates them. The bridge also spans the Parkway East (I-376), which runs along the bottom of the valley.

The current steel bridge is the third bridge at this location. The original wooden bridge was built in 1891 and collapsed in 1921. This was replaced by a concrete arch bridge which was completed in 1923 and demolished in 2015 after falling into disrepair.

Squirrel Hill
Squirrel Hill is a residential neighborhood in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The city officially divides it into two neighborhoods, Squirrel Hill North and Squirrel Hill South, but it is almost universally treated as a single neighborhood.
Badda, Syria
Badda (Arabic: بَدَّا) is a Syrian village in the Al-Tall District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Badda had a population of 6,564 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.