hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mordechai Rokeach
Mordechai Rokeach (1902 – 17 November 1949), also known as Mordechai of Bilgoray, was a scion of the Belzer Hasidic dynasty and the right-hand man to his half-brother, Rebbe Aharon of Belz, the fourth Belzer Rebbe. He was the son (by the second marriage) of the third Belzer Rebbe, Rebbe Yissachar Dov Rokeach. His only son, Yissachar Dov Rokeach, is the fifth and current Belzer Rebbe.

From 1927 until the outbreak of World War II, Rabbi Mordechai served as Rav of the town of Biłgoraj, becoming known as the Bilgorayer Rav. During World War II, he famously accompanied his brother, Rebbe Aharon, on a daring escape out of Nazi-occupied Europe. The two reached Israel in February 1944, the only surviving members of their families, and threw themselves into rebuilding the ranks of Belzer Hasidut which had been decimated by the Holocaust.

Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.

This practice is present to an extent in all religious branches of Judaism, and is considered of paramount importance among religious Jews. Torah study has evolved over the generations, as lifestyles changed and also as new texts were written.
Satu Pauri
Satu Marianne Pauri (née Ruotsalainen; born 21 October 1966 in Oulu) is a retired Finnish heptathlete.

Pauri finished fourth at the 1991 World Championships, where she broke the national record with 6404 points. In June 2025, Saga Vanninen broke a 34-year-old national record with 6563 points.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Passing Strange
Passing Strange is a comedy-drama rock musical about a young African American's journey of self-discovery as an artist, while combining strong existentialist and meta-fictional elements (especially self-referential humor). The musical's lyrics and book are by Stew with music and orchestrations by Heidi Rodewald and Stew. It was created in collaboration with director Annie Dorsen.

The musical was developed at the Sundance Institute Theatre Lab in 2004 and 2005, one of the few works to be invited back for a second round of development.  It had productions in Berkeley, California and Off-Broadway before opening on Broadway in 2008, garnering strong reviews and several awards. Spike Lee filmed the musical on Broadway in July 2008, premiering the film in 2009.

Self-discovery
A "journey of self-discovery" refers to a travel, pilgrimage, or series of events whereby a person attempts to determine how they feel, personally, about spiritual issues or priorities, rather than following the opinions of family, friends, neighborhood or peer pressure. The topic of self-discovery has been associated with Zen.

A related term is "finding oneself". There are different stages of finding oneself. Cultures from around the world have developed an array of modalities in the journey to discover oneself. In modern times practitioners and scientists have come together to create a map that brings clarity to the process of self-discovery. This is referred to as the levels of consciousness.

A journey of self-discovery is a popular theme in literature. It is sometimes used to drive the plot of a novel, play or film.
Phi Sigma Alpha
Phi Sigma Alpha (ΦΣΑ), commonly known as La Sigma, is a Puerto Rican fraternity originally established as the Sigma Delta Alpha Fraternity (Sociedad de Amigos) on October 22, 1928, at the University of Puerto Rico by twelve students and a professor. Phi Sigma Alpha can trace its roots back to 1898 to the Union Hispano Americana, as well as to the first ever Greek letter Hispanic-oriented fraternity, Sigma Iota, established in 1912. By 1998 there were over 4,376 members.

Pan-Americanism
Pan-Americanism is a pan-nationalist movement that seeks to create, encourage, and organize relationships, an association (a Union), and cooperation among the states of the Americas, through diplomatic, political, economic, and social means. The term Pan-Americanism was first used by the New York Evening Post in 1882 when referring to James G. Blaine’s proposal for a conference of American states in Washington D.C., gaining more popularity after the first conference in 1889. Through international conferences, Pan-Americanism embodies the spirit of cooperation to create and ratify treaties for the betterment in the Americas. Since 1826, the Americas have evolved the international conferences from an idea of revolutionary Simon Bolivar to the creation of an inter-America organization with the founding of the Organization of American States.
Ashok Lavasa
Ashok Lavasa (IAST: Aśoka Lavāsā) (born 21 October 1957) is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service officer of Haryana cadre and was one of the two Election Commissioners of India. He has also served as the Finance Secretary of India, Environment, Forests and Climate Change Secretary of India and Civil Aviation Secretary of India. He served as the vice president of Asian Development Bank (ADB) from August 2020 to August 2023.

Ministry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.

The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of four central civil services namely Indian Revenue Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Economic Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. It is also the apex controlling authority of one of the central commerce services namely Indian Cost and Management Accounts Service.
Kaučers Protected Landscape
Kaučers Protected Landscape is located in Rušona Parish, Preiļi Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. The area is named after Lake Kaučers, which is located in the center of the protected area. There are six other lakes in the protected area: Lake Baiba, Esereits, Limins, Meirauka, Salmejs and Lake Stupon. The state highway V742 (Preiļi – Gaiļmuiža – Feimaņi) passes through the northern part of the territory. Next to it is Gaiļmuiža. This is an  Natura 2000  site.

Natura 2000
Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively. The network includes both terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas.

The Natura 2000 network covered more than 18% of the European Union's land area and more than 7% of its marine area in 2022.
Harry Strang
Harry Strang (December 13, 1892 – April 10, 1972) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 500 films and television shows between 1929 and 1965. On Broadway, Strang appeared in The Girl in the Train (1910).

Primarily a character actor, Strang often appeared in film roles that included clerks in stores, policemen on beats, and soldiers. He also was often seen in two-reel comedies made by RKO Radio Pictures. His work on television included appearances on Maverick, One Step Beyond, and Perry Mason.

Strang was a machine-gun instructor for recruits in the United States Marines.

Maverick (TV series)
Maverick is an American Western television series with comedic overtones created by Roy Huggins and originally starring James Garner as an adroitly articulate poker player plying his trade on riverboats and in saloons while traveling incessantly through the 19th-century American frontier. The show ran for five seasons from September 22, 1957, to July 8, 1962 on ABC.
2025 Dutch Open – Doubles
Marcelo Demoliner and Guillermo Durán were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Michael Geerts and Tim Rühl won the title after defeating Mats Hermans and Mick Veldheer 7–5, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Marcelo Demoliner
Marcelo Fedrizzi Demoliner (born 18 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional tennis player, who specializes in doubles. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 34 in November 2017. Demoliner has won five doubles titles.

He won his first title at the ATP 250 Antalya Open with Santiago González in June 2018, after having reached six finals at that level. He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Vienna in 2018 and Saint Petersburg in 2020.

Alongside Maria José Martinez Sanchez, he was a mixed doubles semifinalist in 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open.
1989 VFL finals series
The 1989 Victorian Football League finals series was the 93rd annual edition of the VFL/AFL final series, the Australian rules football tournament staged to determine the winner of the 1989 VFL Premiership season. The series ran over four weekends in September 1989, culminating with the 1989 VFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 30 September 1989.

Mark Yeates
Mark Stephen Anthony Yeates (born 11 January 1985) is an Irish professional football coach and former player who played as a winger.

Yeates began his career with Tottenham Hotspur but failed to make the transition to the first team, spending time on loan at Brighton & Hove Albion, Swindon Town, Colchester United, Hull City and Leicester City. On leaving Spurs he returned on a permanent deal to Colchester before spells with Middlesbrough, Sheffield United, Watford, Bradford City, Oldham Athletic, Blackpool and Notts County. He has three under-21 caps for the Republic of Ireland.
Sadovaya Street
59°55′56″N 30°19′49″E﻿ / ﻿59.9321°N 30.3302°E﻿ / 59.9321; 30.3302

Sadovaya Street or Garden Street is a major thoroughfare in Saint Petersburg, Russia, passing through the historic city center.

The street has great cultural and historical significance, passing by many historical and architectural monuments from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the Mikhailovsky, Vorontsov, and Moika (Yusupov) palaces. The street serves many important transportation functions, linking the central areas of the city, and is home to many markets, including Gostiny Dvor, Apraksin Dvor, and the Hay Market. Among the figures in Russian history who lived on Sadovaya are Dmitry Milyutin, Aleksey Kuropatkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Demyan Bedny, Ivan Krylov, Mikhail Petrashevsky, Yuri Lisyansky, Apollon Maykov, Yevgeny Tarle, and Sergei Prokofiev.

Mikhail Petrashevsky
Mikhail Vasilyevich Butashevich-Petrashevsky (Russian: Михаил Васильевич Буташевич-Петрашевский; 13 November [O.S. 1 November] 1821 – 19 December [O.S. 7 December] 1866), commonly known as Mikhail Petrashevsky, was a Russian Utopian theorist, best known for his central role in the activities of the Petrashevsky Circle, a literary discussion group in Saint Petersburg in the 1840s.
Darlene Dixon
Darlene Dixon is an American veterinary scientist and toxicologic pathologist researching the pathogenesis/carcinogenesis of tumors affecting the reproductive tract of rodents and humans and assessing the role of environmental and endogenous hormonal factors in the growth of these tumors. She is a senior investigator at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Currently, she runs a research group that focuses on molecular pathogenesis.

Pathogenesis
In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Ancient Greek  πάθος (pathos) 'suffering, disease' and  γένεσις (genesis) 'creation'.
Kamakhya
Kamakhya (Sanskrit: कामाख्या, romanized: Kāmākhyā), a mother goddess, is a Shakta Tantric deity; considered to be the embodiment of Kama (desire), she is regarded as the goddess of desire. Her abode–Kamakhya Temple is located in the Kamarupa region of Assam, India. Originally a Kirata goddess, Residing on Nilachal hills across the banks of the Brahmaputra River, west of Guwahati in the 10th/11th century Temple rebuilt in 1565 CE, she is worshiped in a non-iconic and un-anthropomorphic form of stone shaped like yoni fed by a perennial stream.  The temple is primary amongst the 51 Shakta pithas, and is one of the most important Shakta temples.

Kirata
The Kirāta (Sanskrit: किरात) is a generic term in Sanskrit literature for people who had territory in the mountains, particularly in the Himalayas and Northeast India and who are believed to have been Sino-Tibetan in origin.
Particle radiation
Particle radiation is the radiation of energy by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. Particle radiation is referred to as a particle beam if the particles are all moving in the same direction, similar to a light beam.

Due to the wave–particle duality, all moving particles also have wave character. Higher energy particles more easily exhibit particle characteristics, while lower energy particles more easily exhibit wave characteristics.

Auger effect
The Meitner–Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs when an inner-shell vacancy in an atom is filled by an electron, releasing energy that causes the emission of another electron from a different shell of the same atom.

When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an electron from a higher energy level may fall into the vacancy, resulting in a release of energy. For light atoms (Z<12), this energy is most often transferred to a valence electron which is subsequently ejected from the atom. This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron. For heavier atomic nuclei, the release of the energy in the form of an emitted photon becomes gradually more probable.
1996 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1996 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Stellenbosch, South Africa, at the Danie Craven Stadium on March 23, 1996.  A preview on the event was given in the Herald, and a report in The New York Times.

Complete results for senior men, junior men, senior women, junior women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
1st Time
"1st Time" is a rap single by rapper Yung Joc. It is the third single released off his debut album New Joc City. The single features Trey Songz and Marques Houston. The song failed to be as successful as "It's Goin' Down", "I Know You See It", or "Dope Boy Magic". It premiered on BET's Access Granted on Wednesday November 1, 2006, and is receiving growing air and video play. The video features Eightball & MJG, Doug E. Fresh, Gorilla Zoe, Jody Breeze and Trey Songz.

The lyrics are based on a woman having a sexual experience for the first time with a man. Controversy sparked because the song was originally written by a teenage songwriter "Lil Will" under Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Imprint.

The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 93 in February 2007. On March 2, the song returned to the charts at number 97 and has thus far peaked at number 82.

Yung Joc
Jasiel Amon Robinson (born September 20, 1980), better known by his stage name Yung Joc, is an American rapper known for his 2006 single "It's Goin' Down", which peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Prior to its release, he signed with Puff Daddy's Bad Boy South, an imprint of Atlantic Records, in a joint venture with Block Entertainment; the song served as lead single for his debut studio album, New Joc City (2006). The album and its sequel, Hustlenomics (2007), both peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 despite mixed critical responses. He is also known for his guest appearance on T-Pain's 2007 single "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100.
Edward Tufnell (politician)
Edward Tufnell (13 June 1848 – 15 August 1909) was a British Army officer and Conservative Party politician.

Son of the civil servant and educationalist Edward Carleton Tufnell, Tufnell was educated at Eton. He then joined the British Army in 1867 as an ensign in the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot before exchanging to the 18th (The Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot in 1870. He served in India during Second Anglo-Afghan War and on the Nile Expedition. He retired from the Army in 1889 and joined the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms in 1894.

He was elected to the House of Commons for South East Essex as a Conservative in 1900, holding the seat until 1906. He was also a justice of the peace for Sussex.

His son, Richard Tufnell, was Member of Parliament for Cambridge.

Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)
The Royal Irish Regiment, until 1881 the 18th Regiment of Foot, was an infantry regiment of the line in the British Army, first raised in 1684. Also known as the 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot and the 18th (The Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot, it was one of eight Irish regiments raised largely in Ireland, its home depot in Clonmel. It saw service for two and a half centuries before being disbanded with the Partition of Ireland following establishment of the independent Irish Free State in 1922 when the five regiments that had their traditional recruiting grounds in the counties of the new state were disbanded.
Aufbau-Vereinigung
The Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung (transl. Economic Reconstruction Organization) was a German-Russian conspiratorial group founded in Munich between 1920 and 1921. Dedicated to the partnership of anti-Bolshevik völkisch Germans and Russian émigrés, the organization aimed to overthrow the Soviet Union and the Weimar Republic. The Aufbau-Vereinigung was led by Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, Vasily Biskupsky, and Alfred Rosenberg. Its membership and ideology overlapped with the early Nazi party; the degree to which the organization influenced later Nazi ideology is debated.

Max Bauer
Colonel Max Hermann Bauer (31 January 1869 – 6 May 1929) was a German General Staff officer and artillery expert in the First World War. As a protege of Erich Ludendorff he was placed in charge of the German Army's munition supply by the latter in 1916. In this role he played a leading role in the Hindenburg Programme and the High Command's political machinations. Later Bauer was a military and industrial adviser to President Chiang Kai-Shek of Nationalist China.
Edward Yerbury Watson
Edward Yerbury Watson (27 July 1864 – 8 November 1897) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera most notably Hesperiidae.

Yerbury Watson was born in British India to Joanna and George Edward Watson. He joined the North Lancashire regiment as Lieutenant in 1884 later joining the Madras Staff Corps (6 Feb 1884) and rising to become Deputy Assistant Commissary General on the Indian Staff Corps. He died from a shot fired during the Tirah Campaign.

He was a Member of the Bombay Natural History Society, a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and from 1891 of the Entomological Society of London. His India collections are conserved by the Natural History Museum, London.

Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)
The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (until 1921 known as the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was in existence from 1881 to 1970. In 1970, the regiment was amalgamated with the Lancashire Regiment to form the Queen's Lancashire Regiment which was, in 2006, amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool) to form the Duke of Lancaster Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).
Jamie Ginn
Jamie Ginn Piazza (born January 7, 1982) was Miss Delaware 2006 and competed in the Miss America 2007 competition, which was won by Lauren Nelson of Oklahoma.

Piazza (formerly Ginn), originally of Ocean City, New Jersey, had competed previously in the Miss New Jersey competition and placed as First Runner-Up. She was also the fourth runner-up in the 2006 National Sweetheart competition, held annually in Hoopeston, Illinois.

Ginn was a Top 3 Finalist during the reality television special Pageant School, leading up to the Miss America competition.

Her pageant platform was finding a cure for Crohn's disease and colitis.

Ginn holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Rowan University and worked at DuPont until 2014.

Congressman Michael Castle with Jamie Ginn, Miss Delaware 2006.

Jamie Ginn was crowned Miss Delaware 2006 and placed as 4th Runner-Up for National Sweetheart.

Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.
Malajahna
Malajahna (Dead Moon) is a 1965 Oriya film written and directed by Nitai Palit based on a novel of the same title by the Oriya novelist Upendra Kishore Das. The film stars Akshaya Mohanty (Kashyap) and Jharana Das in the lead. Considered as a classic in the history of Oriya cinema, the film deals with an unusual theme in seventies in  rural India of love between a married woman and a young man.

This love story is narrated in the context of life in rural Orissa infested by superstitions, narrow caste prejudices and acute poverty. Women were like slaves with no mind and choice of their own and child marriages were widely prevalent. The agony and suffering of Sati may be seen as essentially related to the social evils that afflicted contemporary rural Orissa.

Akshaya Mohanty
Akshaya Mohanty, also known as Khoka Bhai, was an Indian singer, lyricist, composer, musician and writer in Odia. He has contributed Odia bhajans, Odissi songs, folk songs, film and non-film modern light songs in Odisha on contemporary themes and ballads based on popular legends in Odisha.
Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin
Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and is responsible for gas gangrene and myonecrosis in infected tissues. The toxin also possesses hemolytic activity.

Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.

One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.