hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platt Brothers
Platt Brothers, also known as Platt Bros & Co Ltd, was a British company based at Werneth in Oldham, North West England. The company manufactured textile machinery and were iron founders and colliery proprietors. By the end of the 19th century, the company had become the largest textile machinery manufacturer in the world, employing more than 12,000 workers.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Urízar
Urízar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amílcar Méndez Urízar, Guatemalan human rights activist

Carlos Urizar (born 1957), Bolivian footballer

Christian Urízar (born 1968), Chilean politician

Pello Urizar (born 1968), Basque politician

Tess Uriza Holthe (born 1966), Filipino-American writer

Carlos Urizar
Carlos Urizar (born 16 January 1957) is a Bolivian footballer. He played in eight matches for the Bolivia national football team in 1983. He was also part of Bolivia's squad for the 1983 Copa América tournament.
Google Duo
Google Duo was a proprietary voice over IP (VoIP) and videotelephony service released in 2016 by Google and merged into its Google Meet product in 2022. It was available for Android, iOS and web browsers. It let users make and receive one-to-one and group audio and video calls with other Duo users in high definition, using end-to-end encryption by default. Duo could be used either with a phone number or a Google Account, allowing users to call someone from their contact list.

Google Duo was announced at Google's developer conference on May 18, 2016, and began its worldwide release on August 16, 2016. Google announced in 2022 that the service would be merged into Google Meet, and it was shut down by the end of the year.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
John Kern (Iowa politician)
John Kern (1833–1889) was an American politician.

John Kern and his wife Miriam Black moved from Ohio to Linn Township, Warren County, Iowa in 1857. He served in the American Civil War and attained the rank of major. After ending his military service, Kern and his wife moved to Norwalk in 1864, where their son Charles was born in 1867. Though John Kern lived in a heavily Republican area, he was elected to two terms as treasurer of Warren County and served on the Iowa Senate for District 29 from 1862 to 1864 as a Democrat.

Outside of politics, Kern was a Freemason and Methodist. He died on 17 June 1889 in Norwalk, aged 56.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
Nadunisi Naaygal
Nadunisi Naaygal (transl. Midnight Dogs) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film written and directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon and produced by Photon Kathaas Productions and RS Infotainment. The film stars Veera, Sameera Reddy, and Deva, with Swapna Abraham and Ashwin (in his debut) in other pivotal roles. It revolves around a man who suffered sexual abuse as a child, and has grown into a serial killer.

The film notably has no score, instead featuring sounds designed by Renganaath Ravee. Cinematography and editing were handled by Manoj Paramahamsa and Anthony, respectively. Nadunisi Naaygal was released on 18 February 2011. The film shares its title with that of a poem by Sundara Ramaswamy.

Anthony (film editor)
Llewellyn Anthony Gonsalvez (born 11 September 1973) is an Indian film editor from Tamil Nadu. He was introduced to cinema through film director Gautham Vasudev Menon by the film Kaakha Kaakha (2003). He continued to collaborated with Gautham V. Menon by Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu (2006), Pachaikili Muthucharam (2007), Vaaranam Aayiram (2008), Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2010), Neethaane En Ponvasantham (2012), Yennai Arindhaal (2015), Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada (2016) and Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu (2022). Following the success of these films, director Shankar has collaborated with him through Enthiran (2010). He has worked in over two-hundred Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films. He is the editor for India's most expensive feature film 2.0 (2018).
Lisa Jeffrey
Lisa Claire Jeffrey FRSC is a Canadian mathematician, a professor of mathematics at the University of Toronto. In her research, she uses symplectic geometry to provide rigorous proofs of results in quantum field theory.

Symplectic geometry
Symplectic geometry is a branch of differential geometry and differential topology that studies symplectic manifolds; that is, differentiable manifolds equipped with a closed, nondegenerate 2-form. Symplectic geometry has its origins in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics where the phase space of certain classical systems takes on the structure of a symplectic manifold.
W.A. Timber Company
W.A. Timber Company was a syndicate of Victorian investors granted a timber concession of 181,500 acres on Geographe Bay in the south west of Western Australia in 1870.

The company went on to develop a mill and jetty at Lockville, 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) north-east of Busselton.

The locomotive ordered for the mill railway, named Ballaarat, was the first steam locomotive to operate in Western Australia, and the first to be built in Australia for 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge. The railway was more commonly known as the Ballaarat tramline.

The W.A. Timber Company was liquidated in 1888 and its assets were auctioned.

Busselton
Busselton (Noongar: Undalup) is a city in the South West region of the state of Western Australia approximately  220 km (140 mi) south-west of Perth. Busselton has a long history as a popular holiday destination for Western Australians; however, the closure of the Busselton Port in 1972 and the contemporaneous establishment of the nearby Margaret River wine region have seen tourism become the dominant source of investment and development, supplemented by services and retail. The city is best known for the Busselton Jetty, the longest wooden jetty in the Southern Hemisphere.
Anakao
Anakao is a coastal municipality on the southwest coast of Madagascar, 35 kilometres south of Toliara.

It is located southwest of Soalara. It is inhabited by the Vezo people and is a beach ressort. 
There are some tombs located near the point of the town. The topography is described as "rather flat, except where the sandy soil forms dunes." To the south are the villages of Ankilimivony and Ankiririsa.

The municipality of Anakao also covers the following villages: Anakao Haut, Anakao Bas, Befasy and Maromena.

Vezo people
The Vezo is the term the semi-nomadic coastal people of southern Madagascar use to refer to people that have become accustomed to live from sea fishing. The Vezo speak a dialect of the Malagasy language, which is a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language group derived from the Barito languages, spoken in southern Borneo. They currently populate most of the littoral zone along Madagascar's west coast between Toliara and Mahajanga.

"Vezo" literally means 'the people who fish', but also has been known to mean 'to struggle with the sea'.
Abraham Miller House
The Abraham Miller House, near Stanford, Kentucky, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

It is uses saddlebag architecture, a two-room one-story log building built between 1785 and 1815.

Stanford, Kentucky
Stanford is a home rule-class city in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States. It is one of the oldest settlements in Kentucky, having been founded in 1775. Its population was 3,487 at the 2010 census and an estimated 3,702 in 2024. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. Stanford is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Lasionycta taigata
Lasionycta taigata is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It occurs in open peatlands and fens in the taiga zone from Labrador, Churchill, Manitoba, and central Yukon, southward to northern Maine, northern Minnesota, and south-western Alberta.

Adults are on wing from late June through July.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
The Khyber Himalayan Resort & Spa
The Khyber Himalayan Resort & Spa, or simply The Khyber, is an Indian luxury resort in Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir. It was inaugurated in 2012 and was originally built with INR 120 crore over a period of seven years. It has 85 rooms across five categories. The resort is located at around 8,825 ft in the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas. Over the years, the resort has won several awards across categories. It is managed by Interstate Hotels & Resorts.

Its spa is operated by L'Occitane en Provence, a French beauty product company.

Resort hotel
A resort hotel is a hotel which often contains full-sized resort facilities with full-service accommodations and luxury amenities. These hotels may attract both business conferences and vacationing tourists and offer more than a convenient place to stay. These hotels may be referred to as major conference center hotels, flagship hotels, destination hotels, and destination resorts. The market for conference and resort hotels is a subject for market analysis.

These hotels as destinations may be characterized by distinctive architecture, upscale lodgings, ballrooms, large conference facilities, restaurants, and recreation activities such as golf or skiing. They may be located in a variety of settings from major cities to remote locations.
Tom Davies (rugby union, born 1986)
Tomas Arthwr Davies (born 24 March 1986) is a rugby union player. A prop forward, he played club rugby for Doncaster Knights from 2005 to 2015, having previously played for Cardiff Blues. Davies qualifies for Wales as both his parents were born in Aberdare and he represented Wales at Under 18 level and Yorkshire Under 20s. He has also played for the Barbarians.

He retired from professional rugby in 2015 for a career in chemical engineering, following a degree in that subject at the University of Sheffield.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Ho-cheol
Ho-cheol, Ho-chul or Ho-chirl is a Korean given name.

People with the name include:

Chang Ho-chirl (born 1962), South Korean singer

Kim Ho-chul (born 1955), South Korean volleyball coach and former player

Yi Hocheol or Lee Hochul (1932–2016), South Korean author
Lee Hochul Literary Prize for Peace, international literary award named after him

Chang Ho-chirl
Chang Ho-chirl (born January 12, 1962) is a South Korean singer who started his career in Taiwan.

Chang went to Taiwan in 1982 to study literature at Chinese Culture University. After graduation, he studied at National Taiwan University for a master's degree in political science. That's when he started his singing career, with his first album in 1988.

He had since released 11 Mandopop albums in Taiwan, and 4 albums in South Korea (1 in Mandarin, 2 in Korean and 1 in English).
The Marriage Promise
The Marriage Promise is an 1803 comedy play by the British writer John Till Allingham. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 16 April 1803. The original cast included Charles Kemble as Charles Merton, John Dwyer as Sidney, William Dowton as Consols, John Bannister as Tandem, Robert Palmer as Woodland, Alexander Pope as George Howard, William Powell as Jeffries, Walter Maddocks as Bailiff, Jane Powell as Mrs Howard, Harriet Mellon as Mary Woodland, Sarah Sparks as Mrs Harvey and Dorothea Jordan as Emma The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 8 June 1803.

Dorothea Jordan
Dorothea Jordan (née Bland; 22 November 1761 – 5 July 1816) was an Anglo-Irish actress, as well as a courtesan. She was the long-time partner of Prince William, Duke of Clarence (later King William IV), and the mother of 10 illegitimate children by him, all of whom took the surname FitzClarence. She was known professionally as Dorothea Francis and Dorothea Jordan, was informally Dora Jordan, and she was commonly referred to as Mrs Jordan and Mrs FitzClarence.
Charles Trumbo Henry
Charles Trumbo Henry (1902–1964) was an American artist. His mural Northern Georgia (1939), an oil on canvas, was painted for the United States Post Office in Cornelia, Georgia, in a Treasury Department art program. He was born in Niagara Falls, New York. His works are held in the collections of the Brooklyn Museum of Art, Carnegie Museum of Art, Corcoran Gallery in Washington D.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and Whitney Museum of American Art.

Section of Painting and Sculpture
The Treasury Section of Painting and Sculpture was a New Deal art project established on October 16, 1934, and administered by the Procurement Division of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Commonly known as the Section, it was renamed the Section of Fine Arts in 1939. Its primary mission was the embellishment of public buildings — including many United States post offices — through site-specific murals and sculptures commissioned on a competitive basis. The program all but ceased to operate in 1942, and was officially terminated on July 15, 1943.
Michael London
Michael London is an American film producer and a partner, with Janice Williams, in Groundswell Productions. He has produced over 20 films including Sideways, The Visitor, Win Win, and Smart People. Earlier on, before Groundswell was formed, his production company Michael London Productions treated to a Paramount first-look deal before 2006. Even before that, he was a producer at USA Films/Focus Features. The film Sideways was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture in 2005. On the heels of the Academy nomination, London won "Producer of the Year" in 2006 at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. London will be the executive producer of the upcoming HBO adaptation of the novel A Visit From the Goon Squad. In 2013, Groundswell was scheduled to produce Mona for the studio New Regency, based on the novel of the same name by Swedish author Dan T. Sehlberg. He has a first look TV deal with Fox 21 in 2013.

Palm Springs International Film Festival
Palm Springs International Film Festival (sometimes stylized shortly as PSIFF) is a film festival held in Palm Springs, California, considered the largest film festival for world cinema in the United States. Originally promoted by Mayor Sonny Bono and then sponsored by Nortel,: 198  it started in 1989 and is held annually in January. It is run by the Palm Springs International Film Society, which also runs the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (ShortFest), a festival of short films and film market in June.

Though the festival does feature American independent films, the focus from its inception was to shine a spotlight on international cinema.

The festival was cancelled in both 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California. It was held from January 6 to January 16 in 2023. The 34th edition screened 134 films from 64 countries including 27 premieres. Film Awards ceremony on January 5 at the Palm Springs Convention Center started the celebrations.
Spacetalk
Spacetalk Limited is an Australian technology company that specializes in wearable technology, software, and virtual mobile network operator services designed for family safety and connectivity. It is a public company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX: SPA).

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Monarchy of Greece
The Monarchy of Greece (Greek: Μοναρχία της Ελλάδας, romanized: Monarchía tis Elládas) or Greek monarchy (Greek: Ελληνική Μοναρχία, romanized: Ellinikí Monarchía) was the form of government used by the Kingdom of Greece, under which a hereditary sovereign (Basileus) reigned as the head of state of Greece. Greece was led by a monarchy from 1832 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1973.

Hereditary monarchy
A hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a ruling family to another member of the same family. A series of rulers from the same family would constitute a dynasty. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies.

In most extant hereditary monarchies, the typical order of succession uses some form of primogeniture, but there exist other methods such as seniority and tanistry (in which an heir-apparent is nominated from among qualified candidates). Research shows that hereditary regimes, in particular primogeniture, are more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements.
Ossahatchie, Georgia
Ossahatchie is a placename in Harris County, Georgia, United States. Ossahatchie is derived from either the Muscogee language, meaning "pokeweed creek," or from the Mikasuki language, meaning "raccoon creek".

Mikasuki language
Mikasuki, Hitchiti-Mikasuki, or Hitchiti is a language or a pair of dialects or closely related languages that belong to the Muskogean languages family. As of 2014, Mikasuki was spoken by around 290 people in southern Florida. Along with the Cow Creek Seminole dialect of Muscogee, it is also known as Seminole. It is spoken by members of the Miccosukee tribe and of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The extinct Hitchiti was a mutually intelligible dialect of or the ancestor of Mikasuki.
Viktor Derbunov
Viktor Ivanovich Derbunov (Russian: Виктор Иванович Дербунов; born January 7, 1967) is a retired Russian professional football goalkeeper.

During his career he played with FC Dynamo Moscow, FC Krasnaya Presnya Moscow and FC Spartak Moscow in the Soviet League, FK Lokomotiva Mostar in Yugoslavia, FC Veres Rivne in Ukraine, F.C. Atlas in Mexico, Russian FC Rossiya Moscow and Happy Valley, Hong Kong Rangers FC and Golden in Hong-Kong.

FC Presnya Moscow
FC Presnya Moscow (Russian: ФК «Пресня» Москва) was a Russian football team based in Moscow. It was founded in 1978 as FC Krasnaya Presnya Moscow. It participated in the third-tier Soviet Second League and was notable for giving the start for the careers of Oleg Romantsev, Vasili Kulkov and Aleksandr Mostovoi.
Line drawing algorithm
In computer graphics, a line drawing algorithm is an algorithm for approximating a line segment on discrete graphical media, such as pixel-based displays and printers. On such media, line drawing requires an approximation (in nontrivial cases). Basic algorithms rasterize lines in one color. A better representation with multiple color gradations requires an advanced process, spatial anti-aliasing.

On continuous media, by contrast, no algorithm is necessary to draw a line. For example, cathode-ray oscilloscopes use analog electronics to draw lines and curves. Before the advent of fast CPUs, such monitors were used in advanced application CAD/CAM domains such as car design, using wireframe drawings. These systems only needed a small list of (x,y) vectors from the computer to immediately draw a line image. For a visualisation on a display that only accepts intensities of pixels, a digital algorithm needed to be invented.

Gradation (art)
In the visual arts, gradation is the technique of gradually transitioning from one hue to another, or from one shade to another, or one texture to another.  Space, distance, atmosphere, volume, and curved or rounded forms are some of the visual effects created with gradation.

Artists use a variety of methods to create gradation, depending upon the art medium, and the precise desired effect. Blending, shading, hatching and crosshatching are common methods.  A fading effect can be created with pastels by using a torchon.
Count of Ponthieu
The County of Ponthieu (French: Comté de Ponthieu, Latin: Comitatus Pontivi), centered on the mouth of the Somme,  became a member of the Norman group of vassal states when Count Guy submitted to William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy  after the battle of Mortemer.
It eventually formed part of the dowry of Eleanor of Castile and passed to the English crown. Much fought-over in the Hundred Years' War, it eventually passed to the French royal domain, and the title Count of Ponthieu (comte de Ponthieu) became a courtesy title for the royal family.

Battle of Mortemer
The Battle of Mortemer was a defeat for Henry I of France when  he led an army against his vassal, William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy in 1054. William  was eventually to become known as William the Conqueror after his successful invasion and conquest of England.