hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stranger
A stranger is a person who is unknown or unfamiliar to another person or group. Because of this unknown status or unfamiliarity, a stranger may be perceived as a threat until their identity and character can be ascertained. Different classes of strangers have been identified for social science purposes, and the tendency for strangers and foreigners to overlap has been examined.

The presence of a stranger can throw an established social order into question, "because the stranger is neither friend nor enemy; and because he may be both". The distrust of strangers has led to the concept of stranger danger (and the expression "don't talk to strangers"), wherein excessive emphasis is given to teaching children to fear strangers despite the most common sources of abduction or abuse being people known to the child.

Threat
A threat is a communication of intent to inflict harm or loss on another person. Intimidation is a tactic used between conflicting parties to make the other timid or psychologically insecure for coercion or control. The act of intimidation for coercion is considered a threat.

Threatening or threatening behavior (or criminal threatening behavior) is the crime of intentionally or knowingly putting another person in fear of bodily injury.

In business negotiation, threats include the prospects that one party will walk away from the negotiation, file a lawsuit, or damage the other party's reputation.

Some of the more common types of threats forbidden by law are those made with an intent to obtain a monetary advantage or to compel a person to act against their will. In most U.S. states, it is an offense to threaten to (1) use a deadly weapon on another person; (2) injure another's person or property; or (3) injure another's reputation.
Integral channel feature
Integral Channel Features (ICF), also known as ChnFtrs, is a method for object detection in computer vision. It uses integral images to extract features such as local sums, histograms and Haar-like features from multiple registered image channels. This method was highly exploited by Dollár et al. in their work for pedestrian detection, that was first described at the BMVC in 2009.

Object detection
Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos. Well-researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian detection. Object detection has applications in many areas of computer vision, including image retrieval and video surveillance.
William Houghton (American football)
William G. "Bud" Houghton (November 14, 1908 – October 18, 2001) was an American football coach in Ohio. He served as the head football coach at the University of Akron from 1948 to 1951, compiling a record of 7–27–1. Houghton graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1933. He was an assistant football coach under Paul Brown at Massillon Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio and succeeded him as head coach when Brown moved to Ohio State University in 1941. Upon resigning as football coach at Akron in 1951, Houghton noted his "poor record" and business opportunities.

Massillon Washington High School
Washington High School (also referred to as Massillon High School or Massillon Washington High School) is a public high school located in Massillon, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Massillon City School District. Athletic teams are known as the Tigers, and they compete as a member of the Ohio High School Athletic Association.
Zelma Davis
Zelma Davis is a Liberian-born American singer and songwriter. She is primarily known for her number-one dance hits "Things That Make You Go Hmmm..." and "Here We Go (Let's Rock & Roll)" with C+C Music Factory, as well as for her presence as the ostensible singer in the music video of the latter's international club hit "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)". She has won four American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, two MTV Video Music Awards, and a Grammy Award nomination with the group.

American Music Awards
The American Music Awards (AMAs) is an annual American music awards show produced by Dick Clark Productions since 1974. Nominees are selected on commercial performance such as sales and airplay. Winners are determined by a poll of the public who vote through the AMAs website.

The event originally aired on ABC after the network's contract to air the Grammy Awards expired. After the 2022 ceremony, when ABC's rights to broadcast the ceremony expired, the American Music Awards were put on hiatus. In March 2024, it was announced that the AMAs would move to CBS as part of a deal with its rights to broadcast the now DCP-owned Golden Globe Awards. The event remained on hiatus for 2024, with CBS airing a 50th anniversary special in October 6, ahead of a 2025 return, which was held on May 26, and hosted by Jennifer Lopez.
Justin C. Morgan
Justin Colfax Morgan (July 8, 1900 – May 24, 1959) was an American lawyer and politician from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York. Born in Buffalo, New York, Morgan received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Colgate University in 1921, and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Buffalo Law School in 1924.

Morgan entered private practice in Buffalo in 1925. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of New York from 1928 to 1935. He was a councilman of the Town of Tonawanda from 1934 to 1940, and a member of the New York State Assembly from 1941 to 1956.

Tonawanda (town), New York
Tonawanda (formally the Town of Tonawanda; Tuscarora: Tahnawáteh) is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 72,636. The town is at the north border of the county and is the northern inner ring suburb of Buffalo. It is sometimes referred to, along with its constituent village of Kenmore, as "Ken-Ton". The town was established in 1836, and up to 1903 it included what is now the city of Tonawanda.
Tri-County Veterans Bridge
The Tri-County Veterans Bridge, also known as the Blythe Ferry Bridge, carries Tennessee State Route 60 (SR 60) over Chickamauga Lake on the Tennessee River. It connects Meigs and Rhea counties just north of Hamilton County. It is located just south of the confluence of the Tennessee and Hiwassee River as well as Hiwassee Island near descending river mile 500. It replaced Blythe Ferry, a ferry across the Tennessee River which began operations in 1809. Construction of the bridge began in October 1993, and it opened to traffic in June 1995. The bridge was dedicated by then-Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist on September 12, 1995.

Meigs County, Tennessee
Meigs County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,758. Its county seat is Decatur.

It is a component of the Athens, Tennessee Micropolitan Area.
Genaro Mejía de la Merced
Genaro Mejía de la Merced (born 22 May 1968) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the second district of Veracruz during the 61st Congress.

2009 Mexican legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies and 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Krasdale Foods
Krasdale Foods is an independent grocery wholesaler which supplies more than 7,000 products to food retailers, mostly in the New York City metropolitan area. The company owns private label foods and items such as frozen pizza, ice cream, ice cream pops, napkins, cream cheese, bagels, milk, etc.

Abraham Krasne founded the company as A. Krasne Inc. in 1908. Krasdale Foods adopted its current company name in 1972. The same year, Krasdale moved to their current location in Hunts Point, Bronx.

From Krasdale Foods' distribution center in the Bronx, the company offers Krasdale-labeled, private-label, and regional brands, as well as ethnic and specialty food items.

Krasdale Foods is headquartered in White Plains, New York. It supplies regional chains, such as Bravo and C-Town Supermarkets, as well as single-location grocery stores.

Ice cream float
An ice cream float, soda float or ice cream soda, also known as a spider in Australia and New Zealand, is a chilled beverage made by adding ice cream to a soft drink or to a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.

When root beer and vanilla ice cream are used, the beverage is referred to as a root beer float (United States). A close variation is the coke float, which is made using cola.
The Rockaway Times
The Rockaway Times is a community newspaper established in the neighborhood of Rockaway Park, Queens, New York, NY. They have been in operation since June 2014. The Rockaway Times is a weekly newspaper, coming out each Thursday. It is currently overseen by Publishers Sean McVeigh and Jeanne Ferriola and Managing Editor Katie McFadden. Former publisher and founder Kevin Boyle retired at the end of December 2022. The paper features articles covering events, news, features and more about the Rockaway community.

Rockaway Park
Rockaway Park is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. The area is on the Rockaway Peninsula, nestled between Jamaica Bay to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. The neighborhood of Rockaway Beach lies on its eastern border while the community of Belle Harbor is situated on its western side. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.
Gloria Fernández Fernández
Gloria Fernández Fernández was a Spanish painter born in Monforte de Lemos in 1913. She died in Madrid in 1996. She is included in the Bibliography of Galician Painters. Gloria has exhibited in the Spanish cities of Monforte de Lemos, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Vigo and Madrid. Her work includes still lifes, flowers, portraits, and human figures. She was featured in an extensive exhibit of her works at the Provincial Museum of Lugo.  The exhibition and her work are featured in a catalog of the exhibition that includes information about her evolution as an artist. Gloria was one of the pillars of the Monforte de Lemos intellectual community in the 1960s and, according to M. Hermida Balado from her book Lemos: pequeña historia de un lugar con mucha historia, was one of the three notable painters of the province at that time.

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela, alternatively abbreviated to Santiago or Compostela, is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is located in the province of A Coruña, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St. James, a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century. In 1985, the city's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Santiago de Compostela has a very mild climate for its latitude with heavy winter rainfall courtesy of its relative proximity to the prevailing winds from Atlantic low-pressure systems.
Antibes 6 Day Race
The Antibes 6 day race (6 Jours d'Antibes) was a multiday race that is now called the 6 Jours de France which took place in Antibes starting in 2009 in Juan-les-Pins in the South of France. Consisting of 24h (not done in 2011), 48h and 72h ultramarathon events along with the 6 day, this and the Trans-Gaule are the two most significant multiday races taking place in France today.
Currently the event takes place in Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, in Southern France and includes a 48 hour and a 24 hour within the 6 day main event.

24-hour run
A 24-hour run is a form of ultramarathon, in which a competitor runs as far as they can in 24 hours.  They are typically held on 1- to 2-mile loops or occasionally 400-meter tracks.

Top runners will often run 200 kilometres (124 mi) or more, depending on conditions, and the best can go beyond 270 kilometres (168 mi). Some participants will have a crew to help them, but others just set up a camp with all the gear and supplies they need near the starting area to access each loop. Often 24-hour events are combined with 6-, 12-, and 48-hour events. 24-hour runs have also been held in relay formats, with runners completing a mile each in succession for 24 hours.  Often these events are not internationally sanctioned, and are more for charitable purposes.

The world records for the event on all surfaces are 319.614 km (198.598 miles) for men, set by Aleksandr Sorokin of Lithuania in 2022 and 278.622 kilometers (173.127 miles) for women, set by Sarah Webster of Great Britain in 2025.
Ernest Gordon
Ernest Gordon (31 May 1916 – 16 January 2002) was the former Presbyterian dean of the chapel at Princeton University.  A native of Greenock, Scotland, and the son of James Gordon and Sarah R MacMillan, as an officer in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Gordon spent three years in a Japanese prisoner of war (POW) camp during the Second World War.  He chronicled his experiences on the Death Railway in his book Through the Valley of the Kwai. The book served as an inspiration to the film To End All Wars, where he was portrayed by actor Ciarán McMenamin. The film opened in 2001, and the film's DVD release, which came out after his death, dedicated the film to his memory.

2001 in film
The year 2001 in film involved some significant events, including the first installments of the Harry Potter, Fast & Furious, Spy Kids, Monsters, Inc. and Shrek franchises, and The Lord of the Rings and Ocean's trilogies. Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding, Amélie and Spirited Away. There was one film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that passed over $1 billion in a re-release of 2020.

The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture, popularising young adult novels, and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities.
Pelangia mbutaensis
Pelangia mbutaensis is a species of rainbowfish endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. This species was described by Gerald R. Allen in 1988 from types collected from the Lake Mbuta Basin which lies about 8 kilometers northwest of Etna Bay in West Papua. It is the only known member of its genus, the name Pelangia is derived from the Indonesian word for "rainbow" and the specific name refers to the type locality, the swampy basin of Lake Mbuta.

Etna Bay
Etna Bay (Indonesian: Teluk Etna, Dutch: Etna-baai) is a bay in eastern Kaimana Regency, situated in the southeastern corner of West Papua province, Indonesia. The port town of Kaimana is located to the west of Etna Bay. Etna Bay is geographically part of the administrative area of the Etna Bay District in Kaimana Regency.

The Etna Bay languages are spoken in the area. The bay got its name from the Etna expedition.
Tripartite Tractate
The Tripartite Tractate is a Valentinian Gnostic work. The date is estimated to the second half of the third century or the fourth century but is "most likely based on an earlier Greek version." It is the second-longest text in the Nag Hammadi library. It is the fifth tractate of the first codex, known as the Jung Codex. It is untitled, and instead it gets its name "from the fact that the ancient copyist divided the text with decorative markings in two places, thus separating the tractate into three parts." The first part describes the relationship between the Father, the Logos, the Church, and the aeons. The second part contains the Gnostic creation narrative, in which man is created by the Demiurge and is a mixture of both spiritual and material substances. The third part explains the Savior's role in salvation.

Redeemer (Christianity)
Christian theology sometimes refers to Jesus using the title Redeemer or Saviour (alternatively, Savior). This references the salvation he accomplished, and is based on the metaphor of redemption, or "buying back". In the New Testament, redemption can refer both to deliverance from sin and to freedom from captivity.

Although the gospels do not use the title "Redeemer", the idea of redemption occurs in several of Paul's epistles. Leon Morris says that "Paul uses the concept of redemption primarily to speak of the saving significance of the death of Christ."
Joyce B. Siegel
Joyce Bernhardt Siegel (born June 28, 1933, daughter of Maurice and Ruth Bernhardt) is a Montgomery County, Maryland, community leader and activist primarily in the area of equal opportunity housing.

Siegel played a critical role in the revitalization of Maryland's Scotland community in the mid-1960s, founded and served as board member of multiple community organizations, and served as a board member of the Montgomery County Housing Opportunities Commission (HOC). She worked as a Head Start teacher, on the Sentinel newspapers staff (and created its Newspaper in the Classroom program), and on the HOC staff. She attended Smith College and Towson State College. She has a Master of Public Administration degree from the University of Southern California (USC) and a BA in American Studies from the University of Maryland, College Park. She is married to Alan R. Siegel and has three grown children, eight grandchildren, and two great grandchildren.

Master of Public Administration
The academic qualification of Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a specialized professional graduate degree in public administration. Its course of studies prepares students for  roles as leaders, and resembles or mirrors training for qualification as a Master of Business Administration, but with an emphasis on issues of public services.

This program covers principles of public administration, policy development, and management. Graduates may work in government, nonprofits, or  private companies. The specifics of the program can vary by university or country. It typically requires two years for completion.
Costain (surname)
Costain is a surname of English, Scottish and Manx origin. When originating in Scotland and northern Ireland the surname is an Anglicisation of the Gaelic Mac Austain, meaning "son of Austin". The English surname is a reduced form of Constant or Constantine.

Manx surnames
Surnames originating on the Isle of Man reflect the recorded history of the island, which can be divided into three different eras — Gaelic, Norse, and English. In consequence most Manx surnames are derived from the Gaelic or Norse languages.
Davids Island (New York)
Davids Island is a 78-acre (32 ha) island off the coast of New Rochelle, New York, in Long Island Sound. Currently uninhabited, it was previously the site of Fort Slocum. The island is home to the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle, and birds such as osprey and least terns. Davids Island also supports valuable wetlands, rare rocky intertidal areas, and sandy beaches. The waters surrounding the island are home to winter flounder, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic silverside.

Kemp's ridley sea turtle
Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), also called commonly the Atlantic ridley sea turtle, Kemp's ridley turtle, and Kemp's ridley, is a species of turtle in the family Cheloniidae. L. kempii is the rarest species of sea turtle and is the world's most endangered species of sea turtle as well as the smallest. It is one of two living species in the genus Lepidochelys (the other one being L. olivacea, the olive ridley sea turtle). The species L. kempii primarily occupies habitat around the Gulf of Mexico, though its migrations into the Atlantic Ocean are being affected by rising temperatures. Rising sea temperatures expand this species range, leaving them vulnerable to cold-shocking events when weather changes.  Kemp's ridley sea turtle is listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and conservation efforts are attempting to rebuild population numbers. Human activity, including habitat destruction, climate change, and oil spills, threaten populations.
Miss International 2014
Miss International 2014 was the 54th Miss International pageant, held at the Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan, on November 11, 2014. It was organized by the International Cultural Association.

Bea Santiago of the Philippines crowned Valerie Hernández of Puerto Rico as her successor at the end of the event.

Miss International beauty pageant is aimed at promoting "Love Peace and Excitement to the World". The contestants of the pageant are expected to serve as "Ambassadors of Peace and Beauty", serving tenderness, generosity, friendship, beauty, intelligence and a great international sensibility.

Bea Santiago
Bea Rose Monterde Santiago (Tagalog pronunciation: [sɐnˈtjɐgɔ]; born February 17, 1990) is a Filipino actress, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss International 2013 on December 17, 2013. 
Prior to her win at Binibining Pilipinas, she was a Mutya ng Pilipinas 2011 titleholder who represented the Filipino community in Canada. 
She was a fashion model for Elite Model Management before joining Binibining Pilipinas 2013.
Meta Hansen
Meta Kristine Hansen (1865–1941) was a Danish women's rights activist and politician. In 1893, she became the first woman to graduate in political science from the University of Copenhagen. She co-founded Denmark's Political Women's Association (Politisk Kvindeforening) in 1904, later chairing it when it became the Copenhagen Women's Suffrage Association (Københavns Kvindevalgretsforening). From 1907, she served as secretary of the National Association for Women's Suffrage, writing articles in the organization's magazine Kvindevalgret. Hansen was also a board member of the Danish Women's Society from 1906 to 1924. Representing the Danish Social Liberal Party, she was a candidate for Frederiksberg's Municipal Council in 1917 but was not elected.

Danish Women's Society
The Danish Women's Society or DWS (Danish: Dansk Kvindesamfund) is Denmark's oldest women's rights organization. It was founded in 1871 by activist Matilde Bajer and her husband Fredrik Bajer; Fredrik was a Member of Parliament and the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The association stands for an inclusive, intersectional and progressive liberal feminism, and advocates for the rights of all women and girls and LGBT rights. It publishes the world's oldest women's magazine, Kvinden & Samfundet (Woman and Society), established in 1885. The Danish Women's Society is a member of the International Alliance of Women and is a sister association of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights and the Icelandic Women's Rights Association.
Duckett baronets
The Jackson, later Duckett Baronetcy, of Hartham House in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 21 June 1791 for the naval administrator and politician George Jackson. He married as his second wife Grace Duckett, daughter of George Duckett, a landowner seated at Hartham. In 1797 he assumed by Royal licence the surname of Duckett in lieu of Jackson according to the will of Grace's uncle, Thomas Duckett. He was succeeded by his son by his second wife, the second Baronet, who represented Lymington and Plympton Erle in Parliament. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1902, also named George, who made a career as an army officer, antiquarian and lexicographer.

George Duckett (Calne MP)
George Duckett (19 February 1684 – 6 October 1732), of Hartham House, Corsham, Wiltshire, was a British lawyer and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons for between 1705 and 1723. He was also a poet and author who was literary combatant of Alexander Pope.