hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Loire-Atlantique department
The 3 arrondissements of the Loire-Atlantique department are:

Arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis, (subprefecture: Châteaubriant) with 76 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 231,576 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nantes, (prefecture of the Loire-Atlantique department: Nantes) with 76 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 881,045 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Nazaire, (subprefecture: Saint-Nazaire) with 55 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 345,185 in 2021.

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
2019 All-Ireland Under-20 Football Championship
The 2019 All-Ireland Under-20 Football Championship was the second staging of the All-Ireland Under-20 Championship and the 56th staging overall of a Gaelic football championship for players between the minor and senior grades. The competition began on 22 June 2019 and ended on 3 August 2019.

The defending champion was Kildare; however, the team was beaten by Laois in the Leinster Championship.

The All-Ireland final was played on 3 August 2019 at O'Moore Park in Portlaoise, between Cork and Dublin, in what was their first meeting in a final in 39 years. Cork won the match by 3-16 to 1-14 to claim a 12th title and a first since 2009.

Dublin's Ciarán Archer was the competition's top scorer with 9-35.

1980 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1980 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Down entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Tyrone in the Ulster final.

On 12 October 1980, Cork won the championship following a 2-8 to 1-5 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in nine championship seasons.
Bras d'Or Lake Biosphere Region
The Bras d'Or Lake Biosphere (officially designated 29 June 2011) is a UNESCO Biosphere located at Bras d'Or Lake, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. It consists of a salt-water estuary watershed 'inland sea' with three passages to the Atlantic Ocean. The Holocene transgression flooded a complex river-lake system of diverse geology, creating the small, deep inland sea with 12 significant watersheds draining both highlands and lowlands.

The terrestrial, marine and coastal habitats provide a home for human populations, as well as other organisms. The original settlers colonized the region following the retreat of glaciers, and today their descendants make up the five Mi'kmaq populations that account for a significant proportion of the population occupying large areas of the watershed.

Inland sea
An inland sea (also known as an epeiric sea or an epicontinental sea) is a continental body of water which is very large in area and is either completely surrounded by dry land (landlocked), or connected to an ocean by a river, strait or "arm of the sea". An inland sea will generally be brackish, with higher salinity than a freshwater lake but usually lower salinity than seawater. As with other seas, inland seas experience tides governed by the orbits of the Moon and Sun.
Thomas Walker (Exeter MP)
Thomas Walker (c. 1632–1682), of Exeter, Devon was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in the 17th century. He was the brother of James Walker, also an MP for Exeter.

Walker was born circa 1632, the eldest son of Robert Walker, born to his second wife. He first married Joan, with whom he had no children, then married Mary Hall on 27 October 1664. The couple had two children before Mary died 3 December 1707, though neither outlived their father.

Walker was knighted on 1 June 1681. He died the following year on 24 November and is buried at St Mary Arches Church, Exeter.

St Mary Arches Church, Exeter
St Mary Arches Church is a small church in Exeter, Devon, England, which retains many Norman features. It was a place of worship for the Mayor of Exeter and local merchants during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. The Arches part of the name may come from a medieval arched thoroughfare which was located next to the church.

The church is largely made of red sandstone and is listed as Grade I by Historic England.
Trudi Thomson
Trudi Thomson (née Green; born 18 January 1959) is a British former distance runner and ultramarathon runner who competed for Great Britain at the IAU 100 km World Championships in 1993 and 1994, the IAAF 1995 World Cup Marathon, the IAAF 1995 World Championships Marathon and the IAAF 1995 World Championships Half Marathon. She represented Scotland at the 1999 World Mountain Running Trophy.

She finished second at IAU 100 km World Championships in 1994, setting a British record (7:42:17).

Thomson was the Scottish marathon champion twice and was in the top ten in the Scottish rankings for the marathon for every year from 1992 to 2004, topping the rankings in 1999 and 2003. She was Scottish masters cross country champion five times.

1995 World Championships in Athletics
The 5th World Championships in Athletics (Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1995), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Sweden on 5–13 August 1995.

This edition featured 1804 athletes from 191 nations.

This competition saw the women run the 5000 m event at the World Championships for the first time. The race replaced the 3000 m event which had been run at all previous World Championships.
Tony Maestracci
Tony Maestracci is a Venezuelan musician and former drummer of the Venezuelan rock band Tomates Fritos for fourteen years.

In 2013 he participated in the concert Locos Por La Paz (Crazy for the Peace) in the BOD Cultural Center, in Caracas, where the National Network of Youth and Children Orchestras, Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra, Rock & MAU and other musicians played together.

In April 2021 several allegations of sexual abuse were made public against musicians and artists in Venezuela, including Maestracci. Tony responded to the allegations, denying them. Afterwards, Tomates Fritos informed about the resignation of the drummer.

On 28 April, the Public Ministry of Venezuela announced that it would open an investigation against Maestracci for the allegations of sexual abuse, along with fellow musician Alejandro Sojo and poet Willy Mckey.

On 25 May the Public Ministry issued an arrest warrant against both Tony Maestracci and Sojo.

Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra
The Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela (Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar de Venezuela) is a Venezuelan symphony orchestra. Named after the Venezuelan national hero Simón Bolívar, it was initially the apex of El Sistema, the country's system of youth orchestras. It has been called a "great pride" of the country's artistic life with some of the country’s best young classically trained musicians.

The economist José Antonio Abreu established the first Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar on 12 February 1978. Gustavo Dudamel has been the orchestra's artistic director since 1999. The orchestra has performed internationally under notable conductors, including Claudio Abbado, Simon Rattle, Daniel Barenboim and others.

By 2011, it was no longer a youth orchestra, as the average age of its members had reached the early 20s. The next official national youth orchestra is known as the Teresa Carreño Youth Orchestra.
Lewis Hollingworth
Lewis Hollingworth (23 February 1826 – 20 May 1876) was an English cricketer who played in three first-class cricket matches for Kent County Cricket Club in 1845 and 1846.

Hollingworth was the son of prominent paper manufacturer John Hollingworth and his wife Mary. The family paper mill operated at Turkey Mill at Boxley on the River Len in Kent, and Hollingworth was born there in 1826, one of five children. He played club cricket with one of his brothers Bearsted, Cobham and Penenden Heath as well as for West Kent. In his three first-class appearances he "made little impact", scoring only six runs in the six innings in which he batted.

Hollingworth emigrated to Australia in 1849 and married Mary Cocker, probably the sister of John Cocker who also played cricket for Kent, in 1852. The couple had two children, a son and a daughter. He suffered from health problems related to alcohol abuse and died at Adelaide in South Australia in 1876 aged 50 of kidney disease.

Penenden Heath
Penenden Heath  is a suburb of the town of Maidstone in the English county of Kent. As the name suggests, it was developed on an area of heathland, an area of which remains as a recreation ground with some woodland.
Middlebriars Wood
Middlebriars Wood is a  1-hectare (2.5-acre) nature reserve in Hurtmore, west of  Farncombe in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

This is a small mixed wood in a residential area of Hurtmore. The trust is working to improve its ecological value.

There is access from Priorsfield Road.

Farncombe
Farncombe, historically Fernecome, is a village and peripheral settlement of Godalming in Waverley, Surrey, England and is approximately 0.8 miles (1.3 km) north-east of the Godalming centre, separated by common land known as the Lammas Lands. The village of Compton lies 1.8 miles (3 km) to the northwest and Bramley 2 miles (3 km) to the east; whilst Charterhouse School is to the west. Loseley Park, in the hamlet of Littleton, lies 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the village.
Optical Fiber Technology
Optical Fiber Technology is a scientific journal that is published by Elsevier (formerly by Academic Press). Established in 1994, it covers various topics in fiber-optic engineering, optical communications and fiber lasers.

Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941. It launched a British division in the 1950s. Academic Press was acquired by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1969. Reed Elsevier said in 2000 it would buy Harcourt, a deal completed the next year, after a regulatory review.  Thus, Academic Press became an imprint of Elsevier.

Academic Press publishes reference books, serials and online products in the subject areas of:

Communications engineering

Economics

Environmental science

Finance

Food science and nutrition

Geophysics

Life sciences

Mathematics and statistics

Neuroscience

Physical sciences

Psychology

Well-known products include the Methods in Enzymology series and encyclopedias such as The International Encyclopedia of Public Health and the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Pawel Bartoszek
Paweł Bartoszek (born 25 September 1980 Poland) is a Polish-born Icelandic politician. In 2010 he was elected in the Constitutional Assembly election. In the 2016 Icelandic parliamentary election, he was elected as a Member of the Althing, representing Viðreisn. In the 2018 Icelandic municipal elections, he was elected to the Reykjavík City Council. In the 2024 Icelandic parliamentary election, he was once again elected, representing Viðreisn. He serves as chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee since 2025. Bartoszek holds a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Iceland.

University of Iceland
The University of Iceland (Icelandic: Háskóli Íslands [ˈhauːˌskouːlɪ ˈistlan(t)s]) is a public research university in Reykjavík, Iceland, and the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. Founded in 1911, it has grown steadily from a small civil servants' school to a modern comprehensive university, providing instruction for about 14,000 students in twenty-five faculties. Teaching and research is conducted in social sciences, humanities, law, medicine, natural sciences, engineering and teacher education. It has a campus concentrated around Suðurgata, a street in central Reykjavík, with additional facilities located in nearby areas as well as in the countryside.
Franceschina Baffo
Franceschina Baffo was a Venetian poet. She was born in the early 16th century. Her Baffo family were a part of the Venetian patriciate, and it is believed that her father was Girolamo Baffo onetime captain of Naples and subsequent senator. By the 1550s, she was composing poems, which received some acclaim from authors of the day. Her works "The Amorous Dialogue" and "The Raverta". In correspondence, Lodovico Domenichi mentions her favorably. Her poems are contained in later collections collated by Luisa Bergalli and Giuseppe Bianchini.

Luisa Bergalli
Luisa Bergalli (also Bergalli Gozzi; 15 April 1703 in Venice – 1779 in Venice), was a Venetian writer and translator. Bergalli and her husband Gasparo Gozzi translated novels, plays and other work. She herself translated Terence and Jean Racine into Italian. Bergalli also wrote poems, compositions, comic and tragic plays as well as a novel, Le avventure del poeta, published in 1730. She was friends with Rosalba Carriera.
David Brock (lacrosse)
David "Big Daddy" Brock (born August 13, 1986) is a Canadian professional box lacrosse player for the Halifax Thunderbirds of the National Lacrosse League. He played college lacrosse at the University at Albany, and was selected seventh overall in the 2010 NLL Entry Draft by the Boston Blazers. Brock played two games with the blazers in 2011, before being released. He then signed with the Philadelphia Wings, with whom he spent two seasons, before being traded to the Bandits in 2012. Since then it has been hard to keep track of where David has played, he has packed his suitcase almost as much as Ryan Benesch.

Brock was drafted in the fifth round (36th overall) of the 2010 MLL Collegiate Draft by the Toronto Nationals, but never played for the club. He has also played for the Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks of Major Series Lacrosse.

Kitchener–Waterloo Kodiaks
The Kitchener–Waterloo Kodiaks were a Senior "A" box lacrosse team from Waterloo, Ontario. The Kodiaks played in the Eastern Division of the Major Series Lacrosse Senior "A" Lacrosse League where they competed in a 20 game regular season (10 at home) from May through July and playoffs beginning in August and ending with the Mann Cup in September. The Kodiaks played their home games at the Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex, a multi-purpose recreational complex located in Waterloo, Ontario. After the 2015 season, the team moved to Cobourg, Ontario and became the Cobourg Kodiaks.
Josephine Zinck
Josephine Amalie Zinck née Lund (1829–1919) was a Danish mezzo-soprano singer who performed in concerts at Copenhagen's Musikforeningen from the age of 18 and in operas at the Royal Danish Theatre from 1858.

Musikforeningen
Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for the city's music life with its own symphony orchestra and choir. Carl Nielsen was director from 1915–27. Other leaders included Franz Gläser, Emil Hartmann and Franz Neruda.
South Korean space program
The South Korean space program began in earnest in the 1980s when research on space development began. Korea Aerospace Research Institute was established in October 1989, and the Korea AeroSpace Administration was established in May 2024.

The medium-lift launch vehicle Nuri is specialized for low-Earth orbit satellites weighing 1.9 t or less, and the KSLV-III, currently under development and scheduled for its first launch in 2030, is specialized for inserting large satellites into Earth orbit and launching lunar or Mars probes.

Based on the various data sent back by the lunar probe Danuri, which has been on a mission since 2022, a map of the moon were created. Danuri and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute also exchanged messages through the space internet payload.

Naro Space Center
The Naro Space Center is a South Korean spaceport in South Jeolla's Goheung County, operated by the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute.

The spaceport is located about 485 km (300 mi) south of Seoul. It includes two launch pads, a control tower, rocket assembly and test facilities, facilities for satellite control testing and assembly, a media center, an electric power station, a space experience hall and a landing field. It has supported five launches including the KSLV-II launch in 2021, and will support SSLV launches in 2025.
Thomas K. Sanders
Thomas Koonce Sanders, Sr. (July 21, 1932 – December 11, 2011) was an American bridge player from Nashville, Tennessee. He was married to Carol Sanders, a women's teams world champion player.

Sanders was a graduate of Vanderbilt University. He won a single World Bridge Federation gold medal as USA non-playing captain in the 1981 Bermuda Bowl tournament.

Tom and Carol Sanders were both inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2002. They were recipients of the von Zedtwitz Award; that is, were nominated for the Hall of Fame by a "Veterans Committee" of players out of the limelight for some time.

Glossary of contract bridge terms
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.

In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and plain links reference other glossary entries.
LEC billing
LEC billing is a form of billing for Internet-based or other usually electronic services where the user is charged through their account with the local telephone company (also known as the local exchange carrier or LEC), rather than directly from the provider of the service.

LEC billing is permitted in the United States as the breakup of the Bell System forced local telcos out of the long-distance business; each client would otherwise receive multiple monthly bills (one for local service, one for long distance). There is no LEC billing for alternate long-distance carriers in Canada as Bell Canada and Telus remain in the long-distance business and do not collect on behalf of their competitors.

The LEC billing system is subject to abuse by vendors. Cramming is a form of phone fraud in which a third-party vendor adds unauthorised charges to a subscriber's local telephone bill.

Phone fraud
Phone fraud, or more generally communications fraud, is the use of telecommunications products or services with the intention of illegally acquiring money from, or failing to pay, a telecommunication company or its customers.

Many operators have increased measures to minimize fraud and reduce their losses. Communications operators tend to keep their actual loss figures and plans for corrective measures confidential.

According to a 2011 survey by CFCA, an industry group created to reduce fraud against carriers, the five top fraud loss categories reported by operators were:

$4.96 billion – compromised PBX/voicemail systems

$4.32 billion – subscription/identity theft

$3.84 billion – International Revenue Share Fraud

$2.88 billion – by-pass fraud

$2.40 billion – cash fraud
Boyle River (Ireland)
The Boyle River is a river in Ireland. Forming part of the Shannon River Basin, it flows from Lough Gara on the Sligo/Roscommon county border and thence through the town of Boyle to Lough Key. From there is continues eastwards through the village of Knockvicar to the River Shannon at Lough Drumharlow, near Carrick-on-Shannon.
The length of the Boyle River (from its source in County Mayo to the Shannon) is 64.4 km (40 mi). The area of its basin is 725 km2.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Louis Dufaux
Louis Jean Dufaux (French pronunciation: [lwi dyfo]; 21 October 1931 – 14 April 2011) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Grenoble, France from 1989 to 2006.

Ordained to the priesthood in Nice in 1955, Dufaux was named an auxiliary bishop in Marseille and titular bishop in Accia in 1984. In 1988, he was named coadjutor bishop of the Grenoble Diocese, becoming bishop the following year. Bishop Dufaux retired with the Little Sisters of the Poor in 2006.

Little Sisters of the Poor
The Little Sisters of the Poor (French: Petites Sœurs des Pauvres) is a Catholic religious institute for women founded by Jeanne Jugan. Having felt the need to care for the many impoverished elderly who lined the streets of French towns and cities, Jugan established the congregation in 1839.
Jimmy Clarken
James C. Clarken (19 July 1876 – 31 July 1953) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.

Clarken, a prop, was born in Thames, New Zealand and claimed a total of 4 international rugby caps for Australia His debut game was against New Zealand, at Dunedin, on 2 September 1905.

Clarken and Harald Baker (brother of R. L. "Snowy" Baker) are remembered for their heroic rescues in the Coogee surf disaster of 28 January 1911.

Thames, New Zealand
Thames (/tɛmz/ ⓘ) is a town at the southwestern end of the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the Firth of Thames close to the mouth of the Waihou River. The town is the seat of the Thames-Coromandel District Council. The Māori iwi are Ngāti Maru, who are descendants of Marutuahu's son Te Ngako. Ngāti Maru is part of the Marutūāhu confederation of iwi.

Thames had an estimated population of 15,000 in 1870, but this declined to 4,500 in 1881, and it has increased modestly since. It is still the biggest town on the Coromandel Peninsula. Until 2016, a historical oak tree that was planted by Governor George Grey stood on the corner of Grey and Rolleston streets.