hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard S. Westfall
Richard S. Westfall (April 22, 1924 – August 21, 1996) was an American biographer and historian of science. He is best known for his biography of Isaac Newton, Never at Rest, and his work on the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. He taught as Distinguished Professor at Indiana University, served as a president of the History of Science Society, and won the 1985 George Sarton Medal for lifetime achievement in the history of science after winning the 1982 Leo Gershoy Award and 1983 Pfizer Award for Never at Rest.

Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe was an irreversible break with the natural philosophy that had preceded it, fundamentally changing how the natural world was investigated and understood. The New Science that emerged departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions, was more mechanistic in its worldview and more integrated with mathematics, and was focused on the acquisition and interpretation of new evidence.

The Scientific Revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and modern science. While the period is frequently said to have begun in 1543 with the printings of De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius and De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) by Nicolaus Copernicus, the SN 1572 supernova has also been suggested as its beginning. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton.
Zenovka
Zenovka (Russian: Зеновка) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eduard Zenovka (born 1969), Soviet modern pentathlete

Irina Zenovka (born 1972), Russian choreographer of rhythmic gymnastics, wife of Eduard

Irina Zenovka
Irina Borisovna Zenovka (Russian: Ирина Борисовна Зеновка; née Lebedeva; born 2 September 1972 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian choreographer who choreographs for the Russian National team in rhythmic gymnastics.
Madikeri Dasara
Madikeri Dasara (Kannada: ಮಡಿಕೇರಿ ದಸರ) is the Dasara festival is celebrated in the city of Madikeri in the Indian State of Karnataka.
It has a history of over a hundred years. Madikeri Dasara is a ten-day celebration, which is beautified by 4 Karagas and 10 Mantapas depicting killing of Asuras (demons) by Suras (God/Goddess). Preparation for Madikeri dasara starts before 3 months. Most of the money for this celebration is collected from the people of Kodagu. Each of  these 10 Mantapa committee has 50 to 100 members. A Mantapa comprises idols of height 8 to 15 feet, which is set up at the front of a lighting board. The cost of building a Mantapa will be ₹10 to 20 Lakhs.

Lakh
A lakh (/læk, lɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).  In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.
Maxar Technologies
Maxar Technologies Inc., was an American space technology company, specializing in geospatial intelligence, Earth observation, and on-orbit satellite servicing, satellite products, and related services. DigitalGlobe and MDA Holdings Company merged to become Maxar Technologies on October 5, 2017.

Maxar Technologies was the parent holding company of Maxar Space Systems, headquartered in Palo Alto, California, US; and Maxar Intelligence, headquartered in Westminster, Colorado, US. From 2017 to 2023, it was dual-listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange as MAXR.

In October 2025, Maxar Intelligence and Maxar Space Systems rebranded to become Vantor and Lanteris respectively.

On-orbit satellite servicing
On-orbit satellite servicing refers to refueling, boosting, or repairing space satellites while in orbit.

New commercial interest in on-orbit servicing of satellites is in large part due to the decreased costs of launching commercial satellites and the rise of low orbit, rather than geostationary, satellites for which servicing costs less.
Researchgruppen
Researchgruppen is a Swedish network of independent journalists founded 2009. The organisation behind the network is Seppuku Media Ekonomisk Förening. The group's members have been described as people belonging to the autonom extreme left. In a radio documentary for Sveriges radio the group members are also said to have a history with violence.

Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Radio AB (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs ˈrɑ̌ːdɪʊ]; lit. 'Sweden's Radio'; SR), also called Swedish Radio in English, is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster. Sveriges Radio is a public limited company, owned by an independent foundation, previously funded through a licensing fee, the level of which is decided by the Swedish Riksdag. As of 1 January 2019, the funds stem from standard taxation. No advertising is permitted. Its legal status could be described as that of a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization.
The Three Fools
The Three Fools (Bulgarian: Тримата глупаци / Trimata glupatsi) is a series of 11 short animated satiric films created and directed by the Bulgarian cartoonist Donyo Donev. The first episode was released in 1970 and the last one in 1990. The screenplays are written by Donyo Donev, Anastas Pavlov, Georgi Chavdarov, Dimo Bolyarov and Georgi Dumanov.

The series uses the typical for Donev simplified lines, deformed speech and interjections as well as drum' and bagpipe' sounds.

Ever since the first episode's release, the films obtained wide popularity and critical acclaim. Each episode alone won at least one international award.

In 1982, the satirical paper “The Three Fools”, named after the characters of the series, was founded with Donyo Donev as editor-in-chief.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
Camden Park Mound
The Camden Park Mound, is an Adena Native American burial mound located in the center of Camden Park, in Huntington, West Virginia. A second mound once sat just east of the park, but was later demolished during the construction of the Ohio-and-Big Sandy Railroad. The mound being the third largest in West Virginia, was believed to have been built between around 1000 B.C. and A.D. 1 by Mound builders. Several other mounds were set throughout Huntington and its tri-state area, others were leveled by the creation of main roads throughout the city.

The mound is the center of the park warping its original design, resulting in local Huntingtonians believing it to have cursed the park.

Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area
The Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area is a metropolitan area in the Appalachian Plateau region of the United States. Referred to locally as the "Tri-State area", and colloquially as "Kyova" (Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia), the region spans seven counties in the three states of Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia. With a population of 361,580, the Tri-State area is nestled along the banks of the Ohio River. The region offers a diverse range of outdoor activities.
Saltstraumen Church
Saltstraumen Church (Norwegian: Saltstraumen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Saltstraumen. It is one of the two churches for the Saltstraumen parish which is part of the Bodø domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1886 using plans drawn up by the architect J. E. Olsen. The church seats about 370 people.

Saltstraumen
Saltstraumen (Norwegian) or Stuorstrávve (Lule Sami) is a small strait with one of the strongest tidal currents in the world. It is located in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Bodø. The narrow channel connects the outer Saltfjorden to the large Skjerstad Fjord between the islands of Straumøya and Knaplundsøya. The Saltstraumen Bridge on Norwegian County Road 17 crosses Saltstraumen.
Viña Tarapacá Airport
Viña Tarapacá Airport Spanish: Aeropuerto Viña Tarapacá, (ICAO: SCVT) is an airport located 3 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of Isla de Maipo, a town in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile.

The runway lies along the Maipo River. There is distant rising terrain west of the airport.

The Talagante non-directional beacon (Ident: TAL) is located 5.1 nautical miles (9.4 km) north of the airport. The Los Cerrillos VOR-DME (Ident: STI) is located 19.3 nautical miles (35.7 km) northeast of the airport.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Modest Ivanovich Bogdanovich
Modest Ivanovich Bogdanovich (Russian: Моде́ст Ива́нович Богдано́вич; 26 August / 7 September 1805, Sumy – 25 July / 6 August 1882, Oranienbaum, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian lieutenant-general and military historian from the nobility of Kharkov Governorate. A nephew of the poet Ippolit Bogdanovich, Modest became an officer in 1823 and served in the war against the Poles. In 1839 he became professor of military history and strategy at the St. Petersburg Military Academy.

Lomonosov, Russia
Lomonosov (Russian: Ломоно́сов; before 1948: Oranienbaum, Ораниенба́ум) is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, 40 kilometers (25 mi) west of Saint Petersburg proper. Population: 42,505 (2010 census); 37,776 (2002 census). Lomonosov is the site of the 18th-century royal Oranienbaum park and palace complex, notable as being the only palace in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg that was not captured by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Peter Rattray
Peter John Rattray (14 September 1958 – 22 February 2021) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in 22 first-class and 20 List A matches for Canterbury from 1980 to 1985.

His sister Sue Rattray represented New Zealand in international cricket.

New Zealand women's national cricket team
The New Zealand women's national cricket team, nicknamed the White Ferns, represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of international women's cricket), the team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

New Zealand made its Test debut in 1935, against England, becoming the third team to play at that level. With Australia and England, New Zealand is one of only three teams to have participated in all ten editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup. The team has made the final of the tournament on four occasions, winning in 2000 and placing second in in 1993, 1997, and 2009. At the Women's T20 World Cup, New Zealand were champions in 2024 and runners up in 2009 and 2010.
Torra di Galeria
The Tower of Galeria (Corsican: Torra di Galeria) or Calcinaggia or Calcinaghja is a ruined Genoese tower located in the commune of Galéria (Haute-Corse) on the west coast of the French island of Corsica. The tower sits on the south side of the estuary of the River Fangu.

The Tour de Galéria was built between 1551 and 1573. It was one of a series of coastal defences built by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates.  It is included in a list compiled by the Genoese authorities in 1617 that records that the tower was guarded by a chief and two soldiers who were paid by the town of Calvi. In 1994 the tower was listed as one of the official historical monuments of France.

The estuary to the north of the tower is owned by an agency of the French state, the Conservatoire du littoral.

Haute-Corse
Haute-Corse (French: [ot kɔʁs] ⓘ; Corsican: Corsica suprana [ˈkorsiɡa zuˈprana], Cismonte [tʃiˈzmɔnte] or Alta Corsica; English: Upper Corsica) is a department of France, consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collectivity merged with that of Corse-du-Sud on 1 January 2018, forming the single territorial collectivity of Corsica, with territorial elections coinciding with the dissolution of the separate councils. However, even though its administrative powers were ceded to the new territorial collectivity, it continues to remain an administrative department in its own right. In 2019, it had a population of 181,933.
Galerón
The galerón are two genres of Venezuelan typical song. The Eastern galerón is sung in improvised ten-line stanzas. Generally, it is accompanied by mandolin, cuatro, and guitar. It is normally played in the Cruz de Mayo celebrations, the improvised lyrics honoring the Cross. It is related to the guajiro (Cuba), torbellino (Colombia), and trova (Puerto Rico).

The other galerón is sung in the Center-Western region of Venezuela, more specifically in Lara State. It is part of The Tamunangue, a ritual religious celebration honoring Saint Anthony of Padua. It is one of the Sones de Negros suite, which includes La Bella, La Juruminga, El Poco a Poco, El Yiyivamos, La Perrendenga, El Galerón, y El Seis Figureao. It is played with cuatro, cinco y medio, also known as tiple venezolano, and guitar and sung in two voices.

Lara (state)
Lara State (Spanish: Estado Lara, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈlaɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Lara is located in the Central-Western Region, Venezuela. The state capital is Barquisimeto.

Lara State covers a total surface area of 19,800 km2 (7,600 sq mi) and, in 2015, had a census population of  2,019,211.
Luis Gómez Carreño
Luis Esteban Gómez Carreño (26 January 1865, isla Guar – 6 January 1930) was a Chilean naval officer. He first joined the navy aged 15 on board the Huáscar, later serving as squadron commander-in-chief. He became director of the Naval School and Minister of War and the Navy under the September Junta.

Carreño was involved in a car accident on one of the bends of the 'El Olivar' road between Quilpué and Viña del Mar on 1 January 1930 and died 5 days later. He is buried in Cemetery Number 2 in Valparaíso.

Huáscar (ironclad)
Huáscar is an ironclad turret ship owned by the Chilean Navy built in 1865 for the Peruvian government. It is named after the 16th-century Inca emperor, Huáscar. She was the flagship of the Peruvian Navy and participated in the Battle of Pacocha and the War of the Pacific of 1879–1883. At the Battle of Angamos, Huáscar, captained by renowned Peruvian naval officer Miguel Grau Seminario, was captured by the Chilean fleet and commissioned into the Chilean Navy.

Today Huáscar is one of the few surviving ships of her type. She has been restored and is a memorial ship anchored in Talcahuano, Chile. Huáscar is the second oldest armored warship afloat after Warrior, and the oldest monitor afloat.
Iason Abramashvili
Iason Abramashvili (Georgian: იასონ აბრამაშვილი, pronounced [iason abɾamaʃʷili]; born 26 April 1988) is a Georgian alpine skier from Bakuriani. He competed for Georgia at the 2010 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom. Abramashvili was Georgia's flag bearer during the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. After the death of fellow Georgian athlete Nodar Kumaritashvili, who was also from Bakuriani, he initially considered withdrawing, but decided to stay in Vancouver to compete in honor of his fallen comrade.

Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's slalom
The men's slalom competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Creekside in Whistler, British Columbia, on February 27, 2010.

Giuliano Razzoli of Italy won the gold and Ivica Kostelić of Croatia picked up his second silver medal of these Olympics; André Myhrer of Sweden took the bronze.

The last alpine event of the 2010 Olympics was held in challenging weather conditions, which included rain.  The start was lowered 66 vertical feet (20 m), the same start as the women's race.  More than 40 racers failed to complete the first run, including ten of the first thirty.
Engelbert–Schmidt zero–one law
The Engelbert–Schmidt zero–one law is a theorem that gives a mathematical criterion for an event associated with a continuous, non-decreasing additive functional of Brownian motion to have probability either 0 or 1, without the possibility of an intermediate value. This zero-one law is used in the study of questions of finiteness and asymptotic behavior for stochastic differential equations. (A Wiener process is a mathematical formalization of Brownian motion used in the statement of the theorem.) This 0-1 law, published in 1981, is named after Hans-Jürgen Engelbert and the probabilist Wolfgang Schmidt (not to be confused with the number theorist Wolfgang M. Schmidt).

Wolfgang M. Schmidt
Wolfgang M. Schmidt (born 3 October 1933) is an Austrian mathematician working in the area of number theory. He studied mathematics at the University of Vienna, where he received his PhD, which was supervised by Edmund Hlawka, in 1955. Wolfgang Schmidt is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Picture Peak
Picture Peak is a 13,140+ foot (4,001+ m) mountain summit located one mile east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Inyo County in northern California, United States. It is situated in the John Muir Wilderness within the Inyo National Forest. It is approximately 21 miles (34 km) west of the community of Big Pine, and 0.65 miles (1.05 km) east of parent Mount Haeckel. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 2,000 feet (610 meters) above Hungry Packer Lake in approximately one-half mile (1 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 1967, by Gary Colliver and Steve Thompson via the northeast face. This mountain's name has not been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

Big Pine, California
Big Pine (formerly Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) south-southeast of Bishop. Its population was 1,875 at the 2020 census, up from 1,756 at the 2010 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation bases their tribal headquarters there.
1940–41 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball)
The 1940–41 Svenska mästerskapet was the 10th season of Svenska mästerskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. Teams qualified by winning their respective District Championships. 16 teams competed in the tournament. Majornas IK were the defending champions, but failed to win the District Championship of Gothenburg and did not qualify. IFK Kristianstad won the title, defeating IFK Uppsala in the final. The final was played on 6 April in Södra kaserns gymnastiksal in Kristianstad, and was watched by 1,299 spectators.

Sandvikens IF
Sandvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sandviken. The club, formed 6 June 1918, has played 21 seasons in the highest Swedish league, but is in the second highest Swedish league, Superettan. Sandvikens IF are affiliated to the Gestriklands Fotbollförbund.

As Sandviken is an industrial community, dominated by the steel and metal corporation Sandvik, the team has been much influenced by this. The name of the home ground, Jernvallen, would translate approximately as The Iron Ground, while the nicknames Järngänget and Stålmännen are self-explaining in Swedish ("The Iron gang" and "The Men of Steel"). Stålmännen has a double meaning, as it also is the plural form of Stålmannen, the Swedish name for Superman.
Angel Pavement
Angel Pavement is a novel by J. B. Priestley, published in 1930 after the enormous success of The Good Companions (1929).

It is a social panorama of the city of London, seen largely through the eyes of the employees of the firm Twigg & Dersingham, at No. 8, Angel Pavement. Their lives are changed after the arrival of a mysterious Mr Golspie, who assures the future of their veneer-and-inlay company through imports from the Baltic. The story has as backdrop the high levels of unemployment and economic insecurity of late 1920s London, immediately before the Great Depression.

Dedicated to C. S. Evans, Priestley's editor at Heinemann, it was begun in October 1929 and completed in April 1930. It sold nearly as well as its predecessor.

Wood veneer
Veneer refers to thin slices of wood and sometimes bark that typically are glued onto core panels (typically, wood, particle board or medium-density fiberboard) to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and panels for cabinets, parquet floors and parts of furniture. They are also used in marquetry. 
Unlike laminates, no two veneer sheets look the same. Plywood consists of three or more layers of veneer. Normally, each is glued with its grain at right angles to adjacent layers for strength. Veneer beading is a thin layer of decorative edging placed around objects, such as jewelry boxes. Veneer is also used to replace decorative papers in wood veneer high pressure laminate.
Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester
Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester is a restaurant located in The Dorchester, Park Lane, London which is part of The Dorchester Collection. It is one of over 25 restaurants operated by French-born chef Alain Ducasse. As of 2022, the executive chef of the restaurant is Jean-Philippe Blondet, who succeeded Chef Jocelyn Herland. Opened in November 2007, it was awarded three Michelin stars in 2010.

Chef de cuisine
A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin], French for head of kitchen) also called CDC or head chef, is a chef who leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.