hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1997 Manyi earthquake
The 1997 Manyi earthquake (Chinese: 玛尼地震) occurred on November 8 at 10:02 UTC. The epicenter was in Nagqu Prefecture in northern Tibet, China. The focal mechanism indicates a left-lateral strike-slip movement. This earthquake had a surface rupture of 17 km (11 mi) long with up to 7 m (23 ft) of left-lateral slip along the Manyi fault, a westward continuation of the Kunlun fault, offset about 100 km (62 mi) to the south. Normally, the continental crust is about 35 km (22 mi) thick, but it reaches 70 km (43 mi) thick under the Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake ruptured up to 20 km (12 mi) of the top part of the local continental crust.

Kunlun Fault
The Kunlun Fault is a major active left-lateral strike-slip fault to the north side of Tibet. Slippage along the 1,500-kilometre-long (930 mi) fault has occurred at a constant rate for the last 40,000 years. This has resulted in a cumulative offset of more than 400 metres (1,300 ft). The fault is seismically active, most recently causing the magnitude 7.8 2001 Kunlun earthquake. It forms the northeastern boundary of the elongate wedge of the Tibetan Plateau known as the Bayan Har block.
Property Misdescriptions Act 1991
The Property Misdescriptions Act 1991 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland which makes the misidentification of various aspects of a properties specifications and particulars a crime.

The Act was repealed by the Property Misdescriptions Act 1991 (Repeal) Order 2013, which was made aware to the House on 28 June 2013. The repeal came into force on 1 October 2013. Customers of estate agents will instead need to rely on the parallel protections under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008, which implement the EU Unfair Commercial Practices Directive.

Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008
The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) is a statutory instrument in the United Kingdom made under the European Communities Act 1972. It came into force on 26 May 2008. It is effectively the successor to the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 (c. 29), which it largely repeals. It was designed to implement the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, as part of a common set of European minimum standards for consumer protection.
Middlesbrough F.C. Women
Middlesbrough Football Club Women (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə) is an English women's football club. Founded in 1976, they compete in the FA Women's National League North, the third level of English women's football, with home games played at Bishopton Road West, Stockton.

Middlesbrough were founding members of the Northern Combination in 1998, and spent much of their early history in the third and fourth tiers of woman's football, aside from a brief spell in the second tier FA Premier League Northern Division from 2002 to 2006. The club officially became re-affiliated with the men's team in 2023, following a period of independent ownership beginning in 2017.

Middlesbrough also have a reserve side competing in the FA Women's National League Reserve Northern Division. Their home games are played at Middlesbrough College.

Women's football in England
Women's football has been played in England for over a century, sharing a common history with the men's game in the country in which the Laws of the Game were codified.

Women's football was originally very popular in the early 20th century, but after being banned by the men's Football Association, its popularity declined. It took until the 1990s for the number of female players and spectators to increase, culminating in England hosting the Women's European Championships in 2005.
2019 Virginia Tech Hokies women's soccer team
The 2019 Virginia Tech Hokies women's soccer team represented Virginia Tech during the 2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer season. It was the 27th season of the university fielding a program and 16th competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Hokies were led by 9th year head coach Charles Adair and played their home games at Thompson Field.

The Hokies finished the season 12–5–2, 4–4–2 in ACC play to finish in a tie for eight place.  They were not invited to the ACC Tournament.  They received an automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost to Xavier in the First Round.

2019 ACC women's soccer tournament
The 2019 Atlantic Coast Conference women's soccer tournament was the 32nd edition of the ACC Women's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Atlantic Coast Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2019 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament. The semifinals and final were played at Sahlen's Stadium in Cary, NC.

The defending champions were the Florida State Seminoles. The Seminoles fell in their title defense in the semifinals, losing to Virginia.  North Carolina beat Virginia in the final, 2–1, to claim their twenty-second ACC title.  It was coach Anson Dorrance's twenty-second title as well.
1999 Heineken Trophy – Women's doubles
The 1999 Heineken Trophy women's singles was the women's singles event of the tenth edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, a WTA Tier III tournament held in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands and part of the European grass court season. Sabine Appelmans and Miriam Oremans were the defending champions and third seed, but they were defeated in the first round by Sandra Kleinová and Magdalena Maleeva.

Italians Silvia Farina and Rita Grande won in the final 7–5, 7–6(7–2) against Cara Black and Kristie Boogert.

Cara Black
Cara Cavell Black (born 17 February 1979) is a Zimbabwean former professional tennis player. Black was primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA Tour and 11 ITF doubles titles. A former doubles world No. 1, she won ten major titles. By winning the 2010 Australian Open mixed doubles title, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having also won one singles title on the WTA Tour, Black peaked at world No. 31 in the singles rankings in March 1999.
Tosefta
The Tosefta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תוספתא, romanized: tosep̄tā "supplement, addition") is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Aramaic: ארמית Ārāmît) was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Lower Mesopotamia between the fourth and eleventh centuries. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the fifth century), the Targum Onqelos, and of post-Talmudic (Gaonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jews. The most important epigraphic sources for the dialect are the hundreds of inscriptions on incantation bowls.
Ocean with David Attenborough
Ocean with David Attenborough is a 2025 British documentary film which explores the importance of the Earth's oceans and the threats they face. It is narrated by David Attenborough. It was directed by Toby Nowlan, Colin Butfield, and Keith Scholey. The film premiered at Southbank Centre's Royal Festival Hall in London on 6 May, and in select cinemas on 8 May (coinciding with Attenborough’s 99th birthday), and on 7 June became available for streaming on National Geographic, Disney+, and Hulu.

Ocean was accompanied by a complementary book, Ocean: Earth's Last Wilderness, written by Attenborough and Butfield (2025, John Murray, ISBN 978-1399818506).

Southbank Centre
The Southbank Centre is an arts centre in London, England. It is adjacent to the separately owned National Theatre and BFI Southbank.

It comprises the three main performance spaces – the Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, and Purcell Room – as well as the Hayward Gallery and National Poetry Library. It is the largest centre for the arts in the UK. The Southbank Centre drew around 3.7 million visitors to its venues in 2024 and stages approximately 5,000 performances each year. Three to four major art exhibitions are presented at the Hayward Gallery annually. Together with the Barbican Centre, a similar arts venue, the Southbank Centre is also known for its brutalist architecture, which now has listed building status.
Radappertization
Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganisms to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method (viruses being excepted).

No microbial spoilage or toxicity should become detectable in a food so treated, regardless of the conditions under which it is stored, provided the packaging remains undamaged. The required dose is usually in the range of 25-45 kiloGrays. The shelf life of radappertized foods correctly packaged will mainly depend on the service life of the packaging material and its barrier properties.

Radappertization is derived from the combination of radiation and Appert, the name of the French scientist and engineer who invented sterilized food for the troops of Napoleon.

Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present. After sterilization, fluid or an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic.
David Tilden Brown
David Tilden Brown (August 11, 1823 - Greenfield, Massachusetts – September 4, 1889 - Batavia, Illinois) practiced psychiatry from 1844-1849 in various asylums in eastern United States. When gold was found in the Sierra Nevada, Brown decided to cash in and travel to Central America in 1849, planning to establish a cheaper and faster commercial route west from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans across the isthmus of Nicaragua. He and his associates formed the Compania de Vapores de Nicaragua, but the company eventually was absorbed by Cornelius Vanderbilt's American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company.

Brown returned to the practice of medicine from 1852-1877. He was the medical advisor along with the architect Calvert Vaux, for plans to build the Sheppard Asylum, a modern hospital for mental patients, in Baltimore, Maryland, which opened in 1891. Brown suffered poor health and retired to his home in Batavia, Illinois. It was there that he committed suicide in 1889.

Batavia, Illinois
Batavia (/bəˈteɪviə/) is a city mainly in Kane County and partly in DuPage County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located in the Chicago metropolitan area, it was founded in 1833 and is the oldest city in Kane County. Per the 2020 census, the population was 26,098.

During the latter part of the 19th century, Batavia, home to six American-style windmill manufacturing companies, became known as "The Windmill City". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, a federal government-sponsored high-energy physics laboratory, where both the bottom quark and the top quark were first detected, is located just east of the city limits.

Batavia is part of a vernacular region known as the Tri-City area, along with St. Charles and Geneva, all western suburbs of similar size and relative socioeconomic condition.
Carpathian League
The Carpathian League was a multi-national ice hockey league organized by the Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation and held for the 1997-98 season featuring teams from the region of the Carpathian Mountains. Teams from Hungary, Poland, Croatia, Slovakia, and Serbia participated.
First planned teams for competition were SHK Danubia Bratislava, HK Polygon Nitra, BH Prostejov, STS Autosan Sanok, Crvena Zvezda Belgrad, Dunaferr, Alba Volan, Ferencvaros, Ujpest, Medvescak Zagreb. The League schedule was not very well planned as games were scheduled during international match dates.

SKHL Crvena zvezda
Sportski klub za hokej na ledu Crvena zvezda is a professional ice hockey team from Belgrade, Serbia, currently playing in the International Hockey League and the Serbian Hockey League. The club is a part of the SD Crvena Zvezda sports association.

SKHL Crvena zvezda was established in 1946 and played in the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League until 1991. Since 1992, the club has won nine national league titles in the Serbian Hockey League, its last national championship coming in 2021. Red Star played two seasons in the now defunct Panonian League between 2007 and 2009.

Red Star play their home games at Pionir Ice Hall in Belgrade.
John Henderson (architect)
John Henderson (1 March 1804 – 27 June 1862) was a Scottish architect operational in the mid-19th century. He is chiefly remembered as a church architect, with his early work being in the Gothic Revival and tractarian style, before developing his own distinct style.

Brechin Castle
Brechin Castle is a castle  in Brechin, Angus, Scotland. The castle was constructed in stone during the 13th century. Most of the current building dates to the early 18th century, when extensive reconstruction was carried out by architect Alexander Edward for James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure, between approximately 1696 and 1709. The castle is a 37,748 square feet (3,506.9 m2) Category A listed building and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
Kugel (surname)
Kugel is a German and Yiddish surname. Notablle people with the surnme include:

Alexander Kugel (1864–1928), Russian and Soviet theatre critic and editor

Bettina Kugel Hirsch, American film editor and an adjunct professor of editing

Chaim Kugel (1897–1953), Zionist leader and the first mayor of Holon

Chen Kugel (born 1962), Israeli pathologist who did an autopsy on Yahya Sinwar

Dana Kugel, Israeli female badminton player

François Kugel, French amateur astronomer credited with the discovery over 400 asteroids

James Kugel (born 1945), biblical scholar and professor

Michael Kugel (born 1946), Russian viola player and composer

Riley Kugel,  American basketball player

Sarah Feigin (née Kugel; 1928 – 2011), Latvian music educator and composer

Theresa Kugel (1812–1977),  convert from Orthodox Judaism to the Russian Catholic Church and a Gulag survivor

Chaim Kugel
Chaim Kugel (Hebrew: חיים קוגל; April 25, 1897 – February 4, 1953) was a Jewish politician and civil servant. He was member of the Czechoslovak parliament on behalf of the Jewish Party, the first chairman of the Holon local council and, upon its declaration as a city, its first mayor.

Chaim Kugel was born in Minsk, Russian Empire (now in Belarus) to the family of Nahum and Reizel nee Fry. He received his doctorate in economics and philosophy at the Charles University in Prague.

Kugel was a founder (1924) and the director of the Munkács Hebrew Gymnasium.

His grandson, Chen Kugel, is a forensic physician and director of the Israeli L. Greenberg National Institute of Forensic Medicine (2013–).

The Kugel Prize for literature and science books has been awarded by the Holon Municipality since 1952.
Journal asiatique
The Journal asiatique (French pronunciation: [ʒuʁnal azjatik]; full earlier title Journal Asiatique ou Recueil de Mémoires, d'Extraits et de Notices relatifs à l'Histoire, à la Philosophie, aux Langues et à la Littérature des Peuples Orientaux) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1822 by the Société Asiatique covering Asian studies. It publishes articles  in French and several other European languages. Cited texts are presented in their original languages. Each issue also includes news of the Société Asiatique and its members, obituaries of notable Orientalists, critical reviews, and books received. The journal is published by Peeters Publishers on behalf of the Société Asiatique and the editor-in-chief is Jean-Marie Durand.

It is one of the oldest continuous French publications.

Peeters Publishers
Peeters Publishers is an international academic publisher founded in Leuven in 1857, joining a tradition of book printing in Leuven dating back to the 15th century. Peeters publishes 200 new titles and 75 journals a year. Humanities and social sciences are the main fields of the publishing house, with series focusing on Biblical studies, Religious studies, Patristics, Classical and Oriental studies, Egyptology, Philosophy, Ethics, Medieval studies, and the Arts.
First Picture
First Picture (2006) is a documentary film by Akram Al-Ashqar. It was shown at the Copenhagen International Film Festival on 15 November 2007, It follows the story of a Palestinian child from Tulkarm Camp for the Palestinian refugees. Born in one of the Israeli prisons, he spent more than two and a half years there. Then, he was separated from his mother who is still remaining arrested in prison by the Israeli Authorities, the moment when the child starts an adventure of discovering the natural life under the protection of his father and family and the companions of the released prisoner mates of his mother, being still very affected by the memories of his experience in prison.

Copenhagen International Film Festival
Copenhagen International Film Festival (CIFF) was a film festival held annually in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2003 to 2008. The main prize, the Golden Swan, was awarded for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Script and Best Cinematography. In 2009, CIFF merged with the NatFilm Festival to become the CPH PIX film festival.
Allium crenulatum
Allium crenulatum, common name Olympic onion, is a plant species native to Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. It grows in the Cascades, the Coast Ranges, the Olympic Mountains, the Wenatchee Mountains, and the mountains on Vancouver Island. There is one report from Alabama, but this needs verification. The species grows on talus slopes and in alpine tundra at elevations of 600–2500 m.

Allium crenulatum produces ovoid bulbs up to 2 cm long, formed on rhizomes some distance from the parent bulb. Its leaves are flat, up to 35 cm long, sometimes with minute teeth along the margins. Scape is flattened and winged, up to 15 cm tall. Umbel is compact, with up to 25 flowers. Flowers bell-shaped, up to 13 mm across; tepals pink with darker pink midveins; anthers yellow or purple; pollen yellow.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Dale F. Nitzschke
Dale Frederick Nitzschke (September 16, 1937 – October 17, 2024) was an American academic. He was the president of the University of New Hampshire from 1990 to 1996, and of Marshall University from 1984 to 1990. He attended Loras College and Ohio University, and held B.A., M.Ed. and Ph.D. degrees. He taught at Ohio University, State University of College of Arts and Sciences at Plattsburgh, New York, the University of Northern Iowa, and University of Las Vegas.

Nitzschke died on October 17, 2024, at the age of 87.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
Housing in South Korea
Housing in South Korea includes detached houses, apartment (unit of apartment, row houses, and private houses), studio apartments, and dormitories in non-residential buildings such as shopping malls and factories. While the occupancy rate of apartment houses is steadily rising, the occupancy rate of detached houses is steadily falling.

Traditional Korean Houses Hanok is wooden house consisting of ondol, maru, bueok, and madang. Depending on the roof material, there are several types of hanok, such as giwajip, chogajip, gulpijip, cheongseokjip, and neowajip. Most of them, Giwajip were owned by wealthy and high-ranking people.

Chungjeong Apartment is among the oldest extant apartment buildings in South Korea, having been built during 1937. It was decided in 2022 that the building would be demolished.

Ondol
Ondol (ON-dol; /ˈɒn.dɒl/, Korean: 온돌; Hanja: 溫突/溫堗; Korean pronunciation: [on.dol]) or gudeul (구들; [ku.dɯl]) in Korean traditional architecture is underfloor heating that uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to heat the underside of a thick masonry floor. In modern usage, it refers to any type of underfloor heating, or to a hotel or a sleeping room in Korean (as opposed to Western) style.

The main components of the traditional ondol are an agungi (아궁이; [a.guŋ.i]), a firebox or stove, accessible from an adjoining room (typically kitchen or master bedroom), a raised masonry floor underlain by horizontal smoke passages, and a vertical, freestanding chimney on the opposite exterior wall providing a draft. The heated floor, supported by stone piers or baffles to distribute the smoke, is covered by stone slabs, clay and an impervious layer such as oiled paper.
Essential Killing
Essential Killing is a 2010 survival political thriller film co-written and directed by Jerzy Skolimowski and starring Vincent Gallo and Emmanuelle Seigner. Gallo stars as an Islamic insurgent who finds himself fighting for survival in a frozen woodland, pursued by soldiers.

The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Gallo's performance. The film won several accolades, including the Special Jury Prize at the 67th Venice International Film Festival, while Gallo also won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor.

Political thriller
A political thriller is a thriller that is set against the backdrop of a political power struggle; high stakes and suspense are the core of the story. The genre often forces the audiences to consider and understand the importance of politics. The stakes in these stories are immense, and the fate of a country is often in the hands of one individual. Political corruption, organized crime, terrorism, and warfare are common themes.

Political thrillers can be based on facts such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy or the Watergate Scandal. There is a strong overlap with the conspiracy thriller.