hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phineas M. Casady
Phineas McCray Casady (December 3, 1818 – September 2, 1908) was an American pioneer, judge, lawyer, and state senator in Iowa. Casady was one of the earliest white settlers of Pottawattamie County and a member of the influential Casady family who had a strong impact on the early history and legislation of Iowa. He was a Democrat.

Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Pottawattamie County (/ˌpɑːtəˈwɑːtəmiː/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. At the 2020 census, its population was 93,667, and was estimated to be 93,529 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous county in Iowa. The county takes its name from the Potawatomi Native American tribe. The county seat and the largest city is Council Bluffs.

Pottawattamie County is included in the Omaha–Council Bluffs, NE–IA metropolitan statistical area.
Antoine Brumel
Antoine Brumel (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan bʁymɛl]; c. 1460 – 1512 or 1513) was a French composer.  He was one of the first renowned French members of the Franco-Flemish school of the Renaissance, and, after Josquin des Prez, was one of the most influential composers of his generation.

Cantus firmus
In music, a cantus firmus ("fixed melody") is a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition.

The plural of this Latin term is cantus firmi, although the corrupt form canti firmi (resulting from the grammatically incorrect treatment of cantus as a second- rather than a fourth-declension noun) can also be found. The Italian is often used instead: canto fermo (and the plural in Italian is canti fermi).
Gary Blackwood (politician)
Gary John Blackwood (born 6 June 1951) is a former Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly between November 2006 and November 2022, representing the electorate of Narracan.

Electoral district of Narracan
The electoral district of Narracan is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Australia. It was first proclaimed in 1967 and has usually been held by the Liberal Party.

The electorate covers the provincial Warragul–Drouin urban area, as well as many smaller rural towns in north west Gippsland.

The electoral district of Narracan is named after Narracan, a rural locality located in the narrow Narracan Creek Valley, 14 km south of Moe. The word "narracan" is believed to be derived from an Aboriginal word meaning crow.
The System Only Dreams in Total Darkness
"The System Only Dreams in Total Darkness" is a song by American indie rock band the National. It was released on 11 May 2017 as the lead single from their seventh studio album, Sleep Well Beast. The song was written by Aaron Dessner, Matt Berninger, and Bryce Dessner and produced by Aaron Dessner (with co-production by Bryce Dessner, Matt Berninger, and Peter Katis). A music video for the song was released on the same day and was directed by Casey Reas. It was the band's first song to appear on any airplay chart in the United States, ultimately topping Billboard's Adult Alternative Songs chart in August 2017 and peaking at No. 33 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart early the following month. The song is featured in soundtrack of the EA Sports video game FIFA 18.

Matt Berninger
Matthew Donald Berninger (/ˌbɜːrnɪŋɜːr/, born February 13, 1971) is an American singer, primarily known as the frontman and lyricist of indie rock band The National. In 2014, he also formed the EL VY project with Brent Knopf of Ramona Falls and Menomena. They released the album Return to the Moon in November 2015. In May 2020, Berninger issued the title track from his solo debut album, Serpentine Prison, released in October 2020. His second solo album, Get Sunk, was released on May 30, 2025.

Berninger is known for his classic baritone voice.
Acheloos Painter
The Acheloos Painter, active around 525–500 BCE in Athens, was a vase painter of the black-figure style. This painter's scenes were like those of the Leagros Group; however, unlike the Group's work, the Acheloos Painter's themes are comic episodes, similar to modern cartoons. Herakles was a favorite topic, as were banqueting scenes. The banqueters were portrayed satirically: overweight, aging, bearing huge, jutting noses, and so on. The heroic is made anti-heroic by parody. The artist's preferred vase forms are amphorae and hydriae.

Banquet
A banquet (/ˈbæŋkwɪt/; French: [bɑ̃kɛ]) is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes include a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. They often involve speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honour.

The older English term for a lavish meal was feast, and "banquet" originally meant a specific and different kind of meal, often following a feast, but in a different room or even building, which concentrated on sweet foods of various kinds.  These became highly fashionable as sugar became much more common in Europe at the start of the 16th century.  It was a grand form of the dessert course, and special banqueting houses, often on the roof or in the grounds of large houses, were built for them.  Such meals are also called a "sugar collation".
Edmund Getty
Edmund Getty MRIA (1799 in Belfast – 1857 in London) was an Irish antiquarian and naturalist.

Getty was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. He became Ballast Master of the Belfast Ballast Board and, later, Secretary of the Belfast Harbour Board. He was responsible for the reclamation of the slob-lands on the County Down and building of a "Crystal Palace" park. He wrote Chinese Seals in Ireland, The History of the Harbour Board, Last King of Ulster and articles on Tory Island and round towers. He was a founder member of the Belfast Natural History Society and one of the founders of Belfast Botanic Gardens.

Botanic Gardens (Belfast)
Botanic Gardens is a public garden in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Occupying 28 acres (110,000 m2) of south Belfast, the gardens are popular with office workers, students and tourists. They are located on Stranmillis Road in Queen's Quarter, with Queen's University nearby. The Ulster Museum is located at the main entrance.
Banded yellow robin
The banded yellow robin or olive-yellow robin (Eopsaltria placens) is a species of bird in the Australasian robin family Petroicidae that is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss. It has a high mortality rate due to its inability to traverse across a matrix.

Australasian robin
The bird family Petroicidae includes 51 species in 19 genera. All are endemic to Australasia: New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa. For want of an accurate common name, the family is often called the Australasian robins. 
Within the family species are known variously as robins, scrub-robins and flyrobins. They are only distantly related to the European robin of Europe, north Africa and western Asia, a member of family Muscicapidae.
Tungari monteithi
Tungari monteithi is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet monteithi honours Geoffrey Monteith, Senior Curator (Lower Entomology) at the Queensland Museum, for his collecting skills.

Robert Raven
Robert John Raven is an Australian arachnologist, being the Head of Terrestrial Biodiversity and the Senior Curator (Arachnida) at the Queensland Museum. Dr Raven has described over 450 species of spider in Australia and elsewhere, and is spider bite consultant to the Royal Brisbane Hospital, leading to much work on spider toxins.
Scotus College
Scotus College was a seminary in Bearsden, Glasgow. It was founded in 1985 under the name of Chesters College and in 1993 was reconstituted as Scotus College. It was then the only remaining Roman Catholic seminary in Scotland.

Its closure was announced in April 2009.

Bearsden
Bearsden (/bɛərzˈdɛn/ ⓘ bairz-DEN) is an affluent town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the northwestern fringe of Greater Glasgow, approximately six miles (ten kilometres) from the city centre.

The Roman Antonine Wall runs through the town, and the remains of a military bath house can be seen near the town centre. The current settlement began in the 17th century as the kirkton of the parish of New Kilpatrick, and when a railway connection to Glasgow was constructed in 1863, it developed into an affluent suburb of the city.

By 2020, it had an estimated population of 28,470.
Picrocrocin
Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside precursor of safranal.  It is found in the spice saffron, which comes from the crocus flower.  Picrocrocin has a bitter taste, and is the chemical most responsible for the taste of saffron.

During the drying process, picrocrocin liberates the aglycone (HTCC, C10H16O2) due to the action of the enzyme glucosidase.  The aglycone is then transformed to safranal by dehydration.  Picrocrocin is a degradation product of the carotenoid zeaxanthin.

Aglycone
An aglycone (aglycon or genin) is the chemical compound remaining after the glycosyl group on a glycoside is replaced by a hydrogen atom. For example, the aglycone of a cardiac glycoside would be a steroid molecule.
Henry Yaik
Henry Yaik (March 1, 1864 – September 21, 1935) was an American professional baseball player. He played two games in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys in October 1888, one as a catcher and one as a left fielder. He collected two hits, a walk, and a RBI in seven plate appearances.

Plate appearance
In baseball, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by PA) each time he completes a turn batting. Under Rule 5.04(c) of the Official Baseball Rules, a player completes a turn batting when he is put out or becomes a runner. This happens when he strikes out or is declared out before reaching first base; or when he reaches first base safely or is awarded first base (by a base on balls, hit by pitch, catcher's interference, or obstruction); or when he hits a fair ball which causes a preceding runner to be put out for the third out before he himself is put out or reaches first base safely (see also left on base, fielder's choice, force play). A very similar baseball statistic, at bats, counts a subset of plate appearances that end under certain circumstances.
Signalberg (Damme)
The Signalberg is, at 146 m above sea level (NN), the highest elevation in the Damme Hills and Oldenburg Münsterland. It rises in the district of Vechta in the north German state of Lower Saxony. The name means "beacon hill".

Oldenburg Münsterland
The Oldenburg Münsterland, otherwise called Oldenburger Münsterland or Oldenburgisches Münsterland, is a region in Lower Saxony, Germany and the administrative area that comprises the federal districts of Cloppenburg and Vechta. It forms the southern part of the historical region of Oldenburg Land, so it is also called Südoldenburg. The inhabitants of the region accordingly call themselves Südoldenburger, with the denominative Oldenburger Münsterländer being rather uncommon.
Heidenmauer (Palatinate)
The Heidenmauer ("heathen wall") near the Palatine county town of Bad Dürkheim in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate is a circular rampart or ringwork, two and a half kilometres long, which was built by the Celts around 500 B. C. as a type of Murus Gallicus but was pulled down again not long afterwards. The wooden elements of the wall have disappeared over the course of time by rotting away, but the stones have survived.

The Heidenmauer is a cultural monument according to the protected monument act of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).
Mona Vale, Tasmania
Mona Vale is a large heritage listed 1860s country house in Ross, Tasmania. Completed in 1867, it is well known locally as the "Calendar House", for its reportedly 365 windows, 52 rooms, 12 chimneys and seven entrances. The property is on the Tasmanian Heritage Register and the Register of the National Estate (since 1978).

Ross, Tasmania
Ross is a village in the Midlands of the state of Tasmania in Australia.  On the Macquarie River, Ross is located 78 km south of Launceston and 117 km north of Hobart. The town is listed on the Register of the National Estate and is noted for its historic bridge, original sandstone buildings and convict history.
Łukasz Gierak
Łukasz Gierak (born 22 June 1988) is a Polish handball player for TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke and the Polish national team.

He participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's handball tournament and at the 2017 World Men's Handball Championship.

2017 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2017 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 25th event hosted by the International Handball Federation. The event was held in France from 11 to 29 January 2017.

France, in a clean sweep, defended their title by defeating Norway 33–26 in the final, which secured France their sixth title. Slovenia defeated Croatia 31–30 to capture the bronze medal. Norway (from a wildcard) and Slovenia earned their first World Championship medals ever.

The championship set a record of attendance in total of 540,000 spectators with 23 matches being sold out and with a venue record of 28,010 at both of France's knock-out matches in Lille.
2012 Kazakhstan First Division
The 2012 Kazakhstan First Division was the 18th edition of Kazakhstan First Division, the second level football competition in Kazakhstan. 15 teams to play against each other on home-away system.. The top team gains promotion to the Premier League next season, while the second-placed team enters playoff series with the eleventh team of the Premier League.

Kazakhstan First League
The Kazakhstan First Division (Kazakh: Қазақстан бірінші лигасы, romanized: Qazaqstan bırınşı ligasy) is the second division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Union of Kazakhstan and feeds into the Kazakhstan Premier League, having been founded in 1994. It runs from spring and to late autumn, making each championship correspond to a calendar year.
Booker High School (Texas)
Booker High School is a public high school located in Booker, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL.  It is part of the Booker Independent School District located in north central Lipscomb County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Solona (ancient city)
Solona was an ancient town of Gallia Cispadana, mentioned by Pliny among the municipal towns of the 8th region (Plin. iii. 15. s. 20), but the name of the Solonates is found also in an inscription, which confirms its municipal rank (Gruter, Inscr. p. 1095. 2). Unfortunately this inscription, which was found at Ariminum (modern Rimini), affords no clue to the site of Solona: it is placed by Cluver at a place called Città del Sole (in the comune of Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole) about 8 km southwest of Forlì; but Smith claims that this site would seem too close to the latter, the then important town of Forum Livii. (Cluver, Ital., p. 291.)

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Royal Malta Fencible Regiment
The  Royal Malta Fencible Regiment  was an infantry battalion of the British Army which existed from 1815 to 1861 in Malta, then a British colony. The regiment was recruited and organised by Francesco Rivarola in 1815; Rivarola had proved himself loyal to the British Crown in fighting France. In 1861 the regiment was disbanded as an infantry unit and designated as a coastal artillery defence regiment, becoming the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery.

Crown Colony of Malta
The Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies (commonly known as the Crown Colony of Malta or simply Malta) was the British colony in the Maltese islands, that has become the modern Republic of Malta. It was established when the Malta Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1813, and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris in 1814.  The colony gained independence in 1964.
Admir Čavalić
Admir Čavalić (born 4 October 1987) is a Bosnian economic analyst, member of the federal parliament, lecturer and researcher, who is best known as the founder of the Association "Multi", the pioneer and largest libertarian non-profit organization in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian: Bosanci / Босанци; sg. masc. Bosanac / Босанац, fem. Bosanka / Босанкаcode: bos promoted to code: bs ) are people native to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the region of Bosnia. The term is used regardless of ethnic or cultural affiliation. The term Bosnian refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, though people from the region of Herzegovina may prefer the demonym Herzegovinian. The term can also be used as a designation for anyone who is descended from Bosnia.

Bosnian as a demonym is a nationality and does not imply any specific ethnic group. The term should not be confused with the ethnonym Bosniak, which refers to the largest ethnic group in the country. The native ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats.
La Ruidosa, Copán
La Ruidosa is a village located in the municipality of Florida in Copán Department of northwestern Honduras. It has potable water and electric power. Coffee, maize and beans are cultivated. A stream called La Quebrada del Ruidoso is located south of the village, which gets its name from the noisy sound of the rapids in the mountain stream. The village was founded around 1920.

Copán Department
Copán is one of the departments in the western part of Honduras. The departmental capital is the town of Santa Rosa de Copán.  The department is well known for its tobacco and fine cigars.

The department is famous for its Pre-Columbian archaeological site at Copán, one of the greatest cities of the Maya civilization.
Kursk–Oboyan Operation
The Kursk–Oboyan Offensive Operation in December 1941 – January 1942 was a front–line offensive operation of the Soviet Troops of the right wing of the Southwestern Front. An integral part of the winter counter–offensive of the Red Army of 1941–1942. Stubborn fighting in the Belgorod Direction continued for 70 days and ended in vain after mutual exhaustion of forces and the onset of mud. Along with other unsuccessful offensives of the winter–spring period of 1942, the operation was not mentioned in Soviet official historiography.

Historiography in the Soviet Union
Soviet historiography is the methodology of history studies by historians in the Soviet Union (USSR). In the USSR, the study of history  was marked by restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Soviet historiography is itself studied in modern historiography.
After-Dinner Story
After-Dinner Story is a 1944 short story collection by American crime writer Cornell Woolrich under the pseudonym William Irish. It comprises six stories, and includes two of Woolrich's best known works, novella Marihuana and Rear Window (originally published in Dime Detective Magazine under the title "It Had to be Murder"), which was made into a film by Alfred Hitchcock in 1954.

Cornell Woolrich
Cornell George Hopley Woolrich (/ˈwʊlrɪtʃ/ WUUL-ritch; December 4, 1903 – September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer. He sometimes used the pseudonyms William Irish and George Hopley.

His biographer, Francis Nevins Jr., rated Woolrich the fourth best crime writer of his day, behind Dashiell Hammett, Erle Stanley Gardner and Raymond Chandler.
Celandine (novel)
Celandine is a children's fantasy novel by Steve Augarde. It is the second book in the Touchstone Trilogy and was first published in 2006. Celandine is set ninety years before The Various, the first book of the trilogy. It follows the adventures of Celandine (born 1901) in the years 1914–1915, at the onset of World War I. Having run away from her detested boarding school, Celandine is too afraid to go home in case she is sent back. As she seeks shelter in the Wild Wood near her home, little does she think she will encounter a world where loyalty and independence is fiercely guarded, and where danger lurks in the most unlikely of places. Celandine's troubled character finds both refuge and purpose among the secret tribes of little people that she alone believes in.

Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.

Although the term is sometimes considered derogatory because it focuses on a physical trait, it remains the primary term associated with the African Pygmies, the hunter-gatherers of the Congo Basin (comprising the Bambenga, Bambuti and Batwa). The terms "Asiatic pygmies" and "Oceanic pygmies" have also been used to describe the Negrito populations of Southeast Asia and Australo-Melanesian peoples of short stature. The Taron people of Myanmar are an exceptional case of a pygmy population of East Asian phenotype.