hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) struggled with corruption among its ranks from the 1940s until the 1970s. It gained the nickname "Asia's Finest" after undergoing reforms in 1979. Since the 2010s, the force has faced allegations of police brutality, sexual assault, excessive use of violence, falsification of evidence, and a lack of professionalism.

Hong Kong Police Force
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.

Pursuant to the one country, two systems principle, the HKPF is officially independent of the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which under usual circumstances may not interfere with Hong Kong’s local law enforcement matters. All HKPF officers are employed as civil servants and therefore required to pledge allegiance to the Hong Kong Basic Law.

The HKPF consists of approximately 34,000 officers, including the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force, civil servants, and its Marine Region (3,000 officers and 143 vessels as of 2009).
Betty Tompkins
Betty Tompkins (born 1945) is an American artist and arts educator. Her paintings revolve, almost exclusively, around photorealistic, close-up imagery of both heterosexual and homosexual intimate acts. She creates large-scale, monochromatic canvases and works on paper of singular or multiple figures engaged in sexual acts, executed with successive layers of spray painting over pre-drawings formed by text.

Alongside artists such as Carolee Schneemann, Yoko Ono, Valie Export, Joan Semmel, Lynda Benglis and Judy Chicago, Tompkins has been re-assessed as a pioneer of Feminist art. She is listed in The Brooklyn Museum's Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art's Feminist Art Base.

Valie Export
Valie Export (often stylized as 'VALIE EXPORT'; born 17 May 1940) is an avant-garde Austrian artist. She is best known for provocative public performances and expanded cinema work. Her artistic work also includes video installations, computer animations, photography, sculpture and publications covering contemporary art.
Hurkar Rocks
The Hurkar Rocks are a group of rocks outside the harbour of Eyemouth in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. The rocks become exposed during low tide. The placenames vary from Hurkur, Hurker, Hurkar, Harkar, and Buss Craig Rock.

During the Eyemouth Disaster of 1881, a number of ships, returning from out of the storm, were wrecked upon these rocks. One of these was classified as an iron steamship, with a cargo of wheat. The date of loss was cited as 2 December 1894.

The Eyemouth Tapestry was sewn by 24 local ladies and took years to complete. With the help of the Eyemouth Museum Trust, the Eyemouth Tapestry is on display at the Eyemouth Maritime Centre.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Preemptive analgesia
Preemptive analgesia is an antinociceptive treatment that prevents the sensing of a change of state in nociceptors which would otherwise register as pain. The idea was formulated at the beginning of the 20th century on the basis of clinical observations.

It was suggested that the use of regional blocks in addition to general anesthesia would prevent the sensation of pain during the surgery, thereby preventing the formation of scars caused by changes in the central nervous system during surgery. The idea was brought back with a series of animal studies in the early 1980s.  Despite controversy that mainly centers around the definition of the term preemptive analgesia, a clear change in opinion has emerged in favor of the importance of operative inflammation.

Nociceptor
A nociceptor (from Latin  nocere 'to harm or hurt') is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending "possible threat" signals to the spinal cord and the brain. The brain creates the sensation of pain to direct attention to the body part, so the threat can be mitigated; this process is called nociception.
2024 Thailand school bus fire
On 1 October 2024, a bus carrying students and teachers crashed and caught fire while traveling on an outbound lane of Vibhavadi Rangsit Road in Khu Khot, Lam Luk Ka District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, across from soi Phahonyothin 72, resulting in 23 deaths, 20 of which were school students.

The bus was carrying 44 passengers, 38 school students from pre-school to middle school years and 6 teachers. An explosion of the right front wheel's tire resulted in the vehicle losing control and crashing into a roadside barrier. A fire began in the lower section of the bus, which was powered by natural gas. Of those on board, 16 students and 3 teachers escaped. The remaining 23 passengers were later confirmed dead.

Nakhon Ratchasima province
Nakhon Ratchasima (Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.tɕʰā.sǐː.māː]; Northeastern Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn lâːt.sā.sǐː.mâː], often called Khorat (Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰōː.râːt]; Northeastern Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰôː.lâːt]) (alternate spelling Korat) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) and lies in lower northeastern Thailand also called Isan. At 20,736 square kilometres (8,006 sq mi) it is the country's second largest province by area, has a population of approximately 2.6 million, and generates about 250 billion baht in GDP, the highest in Isan. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from north) Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Buriram, Sa Kaeo, Prachinburi, Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, and Lopburi.

The capital of the province is the city of Nakhon Ratchasima in Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima district, also called Khorat.
2025 BNXT Supercup
The 2025 BNXT Supercup was the 4th edition of the BNXT Supercup, the supercup of the BNXT League. The game was played on 20 September 2025 in the COREtec Dôme in Ostend. Filou Oostende won its fourth consecutive supercup.

BNXT League
The BNXT League is a professional basketball league in Belgium and the Netherlands. The league is the first tier in both the Dutch and Belgian system, replacing the DBL and PBL. The inaugural season was the 2021–22 season, which started in September 2021.
Glide (software)
Glide is an instant video messaging platform for iOS, Android, and Windows mobile devices.

The app enables a user to live stream broadcast brief video clips, in a similar way as sending text messages. Glide communicates through WiFi, 3G, 4G, and LTE. Users have the ability to send private videos up to five minutes to a desired list of contacts. Recipients have the freedom to watch and respond to the video instantly or later. All messages can be watched anytime and saved on the cloud. This Jerusalem-based startup was founded by Jonathan Caras, Adam Korbl, and Ari Roisman on May 15, 2012, and was launched to the public in March 2013.

Glide won the Techcrunch Startup Battlefield Audience Choice award at the publication's disrupt New York Technology conference in 2013.

In 2015, Glide reported having more than 15 million active users.

TechCrunch
TechCrunch is an American global online newspaper focusing on topics regarding high-tech and startup companies. It was founded in June 2005 by Archimedes Ventures, led by partners Michael Arrington and Keith Teare. In 2010, AOL acquired the company for approximately $25 million. Following the 2015 acquisition of AOL and Yahoo! by Verizon, the site was owned by Verizon Media from 2015 through 2021.

In 2021, Verizon sold its media assets, including AOL, Yahoo!, and TechCrunch, to the private equity firm Apollo Global Management. Apollo integrated them into a new entity called Yahoo! Inc. In addition to its news reporting, TechCrunch is also known for its annual Disrupt conference, a technology event hosted in several cities across the United States, Europe, and China.
Edgardo Bauza
Edgardo Bauza (born 26 January 1958) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a defender. Before taking up management, he played over 300 games for Rosario Central. He also played for Independiente in Argentina, Atlético Junior in Colombia and Veracruz in Mexico.

As a manager, Bauza has coached several South American sides, mainly in Argentina, but also teams in Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil, as well as Saudi club Al-Nassr, and the Argentina, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia national teams.

C.D. Veracruz
Club Deportivo Veracruz, simplified as CD Veracruz, and also known as Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz, was a Mexican professional football club based in Veracruz. Until 2019, it competed in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and played its home matches at the Estadio Luis "Pirata" Fuente.

Domestically, CD Veracruz won two Liga MX titles and two Copa MX titles.

In December 2019, the FMF announced the disaffiliation of Veracruz from the Liga MX due to economic debts with first team players, its youth system, and the league.
Barak Khan
Barak (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: براق خان; died 1429) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1429. His father was Quyurchuq, the son of Urus Khan, who was a descendant of Tuqa-Timur, the son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan.

Barak took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid emir, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Ulugh Muhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And Barak Khan reoccupied Sighnak from the Timurids. However, he was defeated in 1427 by Ulugh Muhammad and was promptly assassinated by Jochi's descendant, Mohammed, who claimed the steppe between the Ural and Syr Darya rivers for his dynasty.

In the 1460s, Barak’s son Janibek rebelled against Abu'l-Khayr Khan and he, along with Kerei, immigrated to the environs of Jeti Su (Seven Rivers) and  established the Kazakh Khanate.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
Bilecik (electoral district)
Bilecik is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects two members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Desiet Kidane
Desiet Kidane Teketse (10 October 2000 – 8 November 2021) was an Eritrean professional racing cyclist, who rode for UCI Women's Continental Team WCC Team.

As a junior, she competed at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and was crowned the African junior champion in both the road race and time trial. The following year, she won the Eritrean National Time Trial Championships and rode in the women's road race at the UCI Road World Championships in Yorkshire, England. She also won the bronze medal in the time trial at the African Road Championships that season.

She died in 2021 after being hit by a motorist while training in Asmara, Eritrea.

African Road Championships
The African Continental Cycling Championships are a series of cycling races held annually in Africa where the African cyclists decide who will be the champion for the year to come. They have been held since 2001.
Mouzinho de Albuquerque
Mouzinho de Albuquerque is the surname of a prominent Portuguese family of the 19th century. Its members included:

João Pedro Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1736–1802), nobleman

Luís da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1792–1846), son of João Pedro, military officer, poet, engineer, scientist, liberal politician and statesman

João Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1797–1881), son of João Pedro, writer and administrator

Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1855–1902), grandson of Luís da Silva, military officer and African expeditionary

Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque
Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque (12 November 1855 – 8 January 1902) was a Portuguese cavalry officer. He captured Gungunhana in Chaimite (1895) and was governor-general of Mozambique. He was a grandson of Luís da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque.

Mouzinho de Albuquerque was born in Batalha, and died in Lisbon.
Turoszów railway station
Turoszów is an abandoned railway station on the Mikułowa–Bogatynia railway in the Turoszów district of Bogatynia, Zgorzelec County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland.

Passenger services were withdrawn from the station on 2 April 2000. Currently, only freight trains stop at and pass the station.

Bogatynia
Bogatynia (Polish pronunciation: [bɔɡaˈtɨɲa] ⓘ; German: Reichenau in Sachsen; Czech: Bohatyně; Upper Sorbian: Rychnow) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town had a population of 16,460.
Munir Ertegün
Mehmet Münir Ertegün (1883 – 11 November 1944) was a Turkish legal counsel in international law to the "Sublime Porte" (imperial government) of the late Ottoman Empire and a diplomat of the Republic of Turkey during its early years. Ertegün married Emine Hayrünnisa Rüstem in 1917 and the couple had three children, two of whom were Nesuhi and Ahmet Ertegün, the brothers who founded Atlantic Records and became iconic figures in the American music industry.

Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bâb-ı Âlî or Babıali; Turkish pronunciation: [baːbɯˈaːliː]), was a metonymy used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the Grand Vizier, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, and the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances. Today it houses the office of the Istanbul governerate.
William Twaddell
William Twaddell could refer to:

William J. Twaddell (1884–1922), assassinated Irish politician

William Freeman Twaddell (1906–1982), American linguist

William H. Twaddell, American diplomat

William Twaddell, the inventor of the Twaddell scale

Twaddell scale
The Twaddell scale is a hydrometer scale used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids relative to water. On this scale, a specific gravity of 1.000 is reported as 0, and a specific gravity of 2.000 is reported as 200. For example, concentrated sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.8 has a Twaddell scale measurement of 160, reflecting the linear relationship between readings and specific gravity. The Twaddell scale is used exclusively for liquids with specific gravity greater than that of water.

This scale was historically employed in the British dye and bleach manufacturing industries. While the Baumé scale was widely adopted across England, the Twaddell scale remained in use in both England and Scotland.

The scale is named after William Twaddell, a scientific instrument manufacturer from Glasgow, who first developed hydrometers using this scale at the beginning of the 19th century.
Oppression Live/As Blood Flows
European Oppression Live/As Blood Flows is a one-off compilation/live release by the technical death metal band Oppressor. It was released in 1995 in order to keep them in the public eye after their previous label went bankrupt. It contained five live tracks, one re-recorded track, one cover track and six demo-tracks.

Technical death metal
Technical death metal (also known as tech death) is a musical subgenre of death metal with particular focus on instrumental skill and complex songwriting. Technical and progressive experimentation in death metal began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, largely driven by four bands that, according to Allmusic, are "technical death metal's Big Four" – Death, Pestilence, Atheist, and Cynic. All but Pestilence are part of the Florida death metal scene, to which Nocturnus, another influential band, also belongs.
Pressure (Sunscreem song)
"Pressure" is a song recorded by British techno group Sunscreem, written and produced by band member Paul Carnell and lead singer Lucia Holm for the act's debut album, O3 (1993). Released in 1991 by Sony Soho Square/Epic, it was the group's first single in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 60. It became a major club hit in the United States in wake of the success of "Love U More", where it was released as "Pressure US" with a new remixed version and went to number one on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart for one week in June 1993, their second of three number ones. The re-released version reentered the UK charts afterwards, peaking at number 19 in 1993.

S2 Records
Sony S2 Records, formerly named as S2 Records and Sony Soho Square (typeset as Sony Soho2), was a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment (SME), which operated as a record label in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Sony Soho Square was named after its location at London's Soho Square, with Lincoln Elias (who went on to become the Managing Director of Virgin Records in 2006 and now works with PMR Records) being the founder of the label. It was later headed by Muff Winwood, brother of musician Steve Winwood, who had worked at CBS Records/Sony Music Entertainment since the later 1970s.

Sony S2 featured bands and singers such as Jamiroquai, Des'ree, Reef, Jimmy Ray and others.

In 2004 after SME and BMG (the original major label Bertelsmann Music Group) merged, Sony S2 was dissolved into Sony BMG Music Entertainment UK. At this point many of the bands on Sony S2 were dropped, with Jamiroquai's records going on to be released on the Sony BMG label, with marketing taken on by Columbia Records.
Highland Park Middle School
Highland Park Middle School can refer to:

Highland Park Middle School (Texas) in Highland Park, Texas, part of the Highland Park Independent School District

Highland Park Middle School in St. Paul, Minnesota, part of St. Paul Public Schools

Highland Park Middle School in Highland Park, New Jersey, part of the Highland Park Public School District

Highland Park Middle School in Beaverton, Oregon, part of the Beaverton School District

Beaverton School District
The Beaverton School District (BSD 48J) is a school district in and around Beaverton, Oregon, United States. It serves students throughout Beaverton, Hillsboro, Aloha, and unincorporated neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon. The Beaverton Elementary School District 48 was established in 1876, with other elementary districts later merged into the district. The elementary district was later merged with the high school district (10J) to create a unified school district. It is the third-largest school district in the state, with an enrollment of 39,180 students as of 2022. For the 2022–23 school year, the district had a total budget of $622.8 million.

The district employs over 2,100 teachers at its 34 elementary, nine middle, and six high schools as well as several option schools. Mountainside High School, the district's sixth high school, opened in 2017. Tumwater Middle School (previously Timberland), the district's ninth middle school, opened in the fall of 2021.
2022 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles
Reilly Opelka defeated John Isner in the final, 6–3, 7–6(9–7), to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships. It marked Opelka's fourth career Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles title and his first on clay. With Opelka's height at 6 ft 11 in (211 cm) and Isner's at 6 ft 10 in (208 cm), the combined heights of both players made the final the tallest one ever contended during the Open Era. At the age of 36, Isner was also playing to become the oldest champion at the tournament in the Open Era.

Cristian Garín was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but lost in the semifinals to Isner.

Michael Mmoh
Michael Mmoh (/moʊ/ MOH; born January 10, 1998) is an American professional tennis player. 
Mmoh has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 81 achieved on September 11, 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 265 achieved on April 12, 2021. He won the USTA junior national championship in 2016.
Anthony W. Gardner
Anthony William Gardner (January 24, 1820 – 1885), sometimes written as Gardiner, served as the ninth president of Liberia from 1878 until 1883. He was the first of a series of thirteen True Whig presidents who held uninterrupted power until 1980.

Kru people
The Kru, Krao, Kroo, or Krou are a West African ethnic group who are indigenous to western Ivory Coast and eastern Liberia. European and American writers often called Kru men who enlisted as sailors or mariners Krumen. They migrated and settled along various points of the West African coast, notably Freetown, Sierra Leone, but also the Ivorian and Nigerian coasts. The Kru-speaking people are a large ethnic group that is made up of several sub-ethnic groups in Liberia and Ivory Coast. In Liberia, there are 48 sub-sections of Kru tribes, including the Jlao Kru. These tribes include Bété, Bassa, Krumen, Guéré, Grebo, Klao/Krao, Dida, Krahn people and Jabo people.
Stewart Springer
Stewart Springer (5 June 1906 – 23 August 1991) was an American ichthyologist and herpetologist. He was an expert on shark behavior, classification (taxonomy), and population distribution. More than 35 species of sharks, skates, rays, and other creatures are either classified by or named after him.

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.