hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnificent sunbird
The magnificent sunbird (Aethopyga magnifica) is a striking species of bird in the sunbird family. It is endemic to the Philippines found in the Visayan islands of Negros Island, Panay, Cebu, Tablas Island and Romblon.  It was considered a subspecies of the crimson sunbird.

Visayans
Visayans (Cebuano: mga Bisayâ [bisaˈjaʔ]) are a Philippine ethnolinguistic family group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, to the southernmost islands south of Luzon, and to a significant portion of Mindanao. They are composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups. When taken as a single group, they number around 45.5 million. The Visayans, like the Luzon Lowlanders (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Ilocanos, etc.) were originally predominantly animist-polytheists and broadly share a maritime culture until the 16th 
century when the Spanish Empire enforced Catholicism as the state religion. In more inland or otherwise secluded areas, ancient animistic-polytheistic beliefs and traditions either were reinterpreted within a Roman Catholic framework or syncretized with the new religion. Visayans are generally speakers of one or more of the distinct Bisayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Waray-Waray.
Ernst Hartwig
Carl Ernst Albrecht Hartwig (14 January 1851 in Frankfurt – 3 May 1923 in Bamberg) was a German astronomer.

On 20 August 1885, Hartwig discovered a new star, SN 1885A (S Andromedae), in the Andromeda Galaxy, which was the first supernova that was ever seen that was outside the Milky Way. He is also credited for the discovery and co-discovery of three parabolic and hyperbolic comets, namely C/1879 Q2, C/1880 S1 and C/1886 T1. In 1882, Hartwig observed the transit of Venus in Argentina. During the 1883 observation campaign of comet 6P/d'Arrest he found five NGC objects working at the Strasbourg Observatory. In 1874 he became assistant at the Observatory of Strasbourg, 1884 astronomer at Dorpat Observatory and 1887 director of the Remeis Observatory at Bamberg.

The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Valz Prize in 1902 for his heliometer observations and work on variable stars. Lunar crater Hartwig and Martian crater Hartwig were both named in his honor.

Tartu Observatory
The Tartu Observatory (Estonian: Tartu Observatoorium) is the largest astronomical observatory in Estonia. On 1 January 2018, Tartu Observatory was joined again to the University of Tartu, and the observatory is now an institute of the university. It is located on the Tõravere hill, about 20 km south-west of Tartu in Nõo Parish, Tartu County. The old Tartu Observatory, located in Tartu city centre, is known internationally for its connection to Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve and the Struve Geodetic Arc, of which it is the first reference point.
Velká Skrovnice
Velká Skrovnice is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Velká Skrovnice lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Ústí nad Orlicí, 40 km (25 mi) east of Pardubice, and 137 km (85 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region (Czech: Pardubický kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. As an administrative unit, Pardubice Region has existed three times in the course of history. It was established for the first time in 1850, and extended from Český Brod to the Bohemian-Moravian border. In its second existence, it was one of 19 regions as they were set between 1949 and 1960. After 1960, Pardubice became the capital of Pardubice district, which was part of the Eastern Bohemian Region (capital Hradec Králové). The Pardubice Region, as it is now, was reestablished in 2000.
Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal
The Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා සන්නද්ධ සේවා දීර්ඝ සේවා පදක්කම Śrī Laṃkā ārakśaka sēvā dhīrgha sēvā padakkama) is a service award presented to all ranks of the tri-forces of Sri Lanka. Service personnel are eligible for the award on the completion of 12 years' continuous (desertion or absence without leave act as disqualifiers) service with perfect character and discipline.

Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 346,700 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka. As of 2021 it is the 14th largest military in the world, with 1.46% of the Sri Lankan population actively serving.
Arrow Film Corporation
Arrow Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company during the silent era  from 1915 to 1926. An independent company it operated alongside the established studios. Originally formed to supply films for Pathé Exchange, the company quickly separated and concentrated on a mixture of medium and low-budget productions. The company was sometimes referred to as Arrow Pictures.

Actors who appeared in Arrow productions included Clara Bow, Marjorie Daw, Jane Novak, Constance Bennett, Milton Sills, Lionel Barrymore, Dorothy Mackaill, Neva Gerber, Marin Sais, Herbert Rawlinson, Anders Randolf, Ashton Dearholt  and Wallace MacDonald.

W. E. Shallenberger (William Edgar Shallenberger) managed the company. In 1918 it was announced Arrow would use Thanhouser's New Rochelle studio. W. E. Shallenberger and his brother Wilbert Shallenberger were directors of Thanhouser in 1915. They were both doctors.

Lionel Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore (born Lionel Herbert Blyth; April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen and radio as well as a film director. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931) and is known to modern audiences for the role of villainous Mr. Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.

He is also particularly remembered as Ebenezer Scrooge in annual broadcasts of A Christmas Carol during his last two decades. He is also known for playing Dr. Leonard Gillespie in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's nine Dr. Kildare films, a role he reprised in a further six films focusing solely on Gillespie and in a radio series titled The Story of Dr. Kildare. He was a member of the theatrical Barrymore family.
Thomas Hubbard (historian)
Thomas K. Hubbard is an American historian who has written about the topic of homosexuality in Ancient Greece. He served as a professor at the University of Texas (UT) for over 30 years and worked as chair at the American Philological Association's Placement Committee. He was included in the Epstein files.

Hubbard's 1998 article titled Popular Perceptions of elitist Homosexuality in Classical Athens became influential among critics of the phallocentric paradigm of homosexuality in Ancient Greece, promoted by Michel Foucault and Kenneth Dover, according to which the male act of sexual penetration was seen as an assertion of dominance over women, boys and other men, as opposed to a more pure manifestation of sexual desire. He is also the author of the book Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents (2003).

Society for Classical Studies
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA), is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preeminent association in the field and publishes a journal, Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). 
The SCS is currently based at New York University.
Bühnendeutsch
Bühnendeutsch (German: [ˈbyːnənˌdɔʏtʃ], 'stage German') or Bühnenaussprache (IPA: [ˈbyːnənˌʔaʊsʃpʁaːxə] ⓘ, 'stage pronunciation') is a unified set of pronunciation rules for the German literary language used in the theatre of the German Sprachraum.  Established in the 19th century, it came to be considered pure High German. It was codified in the pronouncing dictionary Deutsche Bühnenaussprache, edited by the German scholar Theodor Siebs, and first published in 1898.

An artificial standard not corresponding directly to any dialect, Bühnendeutsch is mostly based on Standard German as spoken in Northern Germany.  For example, the suffix -ig is pronounced [ɪç].

Voiced uvular trill
A voiced uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʀ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter r. This consonant is one of several collectively called guttural R.
Hozon Kagaku
Hozon Kagaku (保存科学) (lit. 'Conservation Science') is an annual open-access academic journal of conservation science particularly as applied to the Cultural Properties of Japan. It is published in Japanese with summaries in English by the Tokyo Research Institute for Cultural Properties.

Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
35°43′14.57″N 139°46′31.92″E﻿ / ﻿35.7207139°N 139.7755333°E﻿ / 35.7207139; 139.7755333

The Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (東京文化財研究所, Tōkyō Bunkazai Kenkyū-jo), commonly known as Tobunken, is an institute dedicated to the preservation and utilization of cultural properties. It is one of the two institutes in Japan that comprise the National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, an independent administrative institution created in 2001.
Oklahoma Department of Labor
The Oklahoma Department of Labor (ODOL) is an agency of the government of Oklahoma that is headed by the Oklahoma Labor Commissioner, a statewide elected position. ODOL is responsible for supervising the administration of all state laws relating to labor and workplace safety and gathers and publishes information about the workforce of Oklahoma.

The present Commissioner of Labor is Leslie Osborn who was elected by the people in November 2018 and took office January 2019.

Government of Oklahoma
The government of the U.S. State of Oklahoma, established by the Oklahoma Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the federal government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers or "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.

The state government is based in Oklahoma City and the head of the executive branch is the Governor of Oklahoma. The legislative branch is called the Legislature and consists of the Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The Oklahoma Supreme Court and the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals are the state's highest courts.
Warsaw Army
The Warsaw Army (Polish: Armia Warszawa) was one of the Polish armies to take part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939. Created on 8 September, eight days after the invasion begun, it was an improvised formation charged with the defence of the Polish capital of Warsaw (Warszawa).

Walerian Czuma
Walerian Czuma (24 December 1890 – 7 April 1962) was a Polish general and military commander. He is notable for his command over a Polish unit in Siberia during the Russian Civil War, and the commander of the defence of Warsaw during the siege in 1939.
Israil Kasumov
Israil Asludievich Kasumov (Russian: Касумов, Исраил Аслудиевич; born 2 June 1990 in Serzhen-Yurt.) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Chechen ethnicity.  Kasumov is a four-time Ivan Yarygin Golden Grand Prix gold-medallist, from 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2020) and the 2021 European Champion, which took place in Warsaw, Poland

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Tom Coughlan (hurler)
Tom "Honest Man" Coughlan (born 1881) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back for the Cork senior team.

Coughlan joined the team during the 1901 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1911 championship. During that time he captained the team on numerous occasions and won two All-Ireland medals and four Munster medals.

At club level Coughlan was a multiple county club championship medalist with Blackrock.

Coughlan came from a family of other hurlers, and his brothers, Pat, Denis and Dan, all won All-Ireland medals with Cork. His nephews, Eudie and John, were also All-Ireland medalists in the 1920s and 1930s.

Blackrock National Hurling Club
Blackrock National Hurling Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club located on the southside of Cork City, Ireland. The club was founded in 1883 and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling. No other Cork-based GAA club has won more Senior County Hurling titles or All-Ireland Club Championships. The club is sometimes known as 'The Rockies'.
Body (2015 Polish film)
Body (Polish: Ciało) is a 2015 Polish drama film directed by Małgorzata Szumowska. It was screened in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival where Szumowska won the Silver Bear for Best Director. The film also received the Golden Lions Award at the 2015 Gdynia Film Festival and the People's Choice Award at the 2016 European Film Awards.

Silver Bear for Best Director
The Silver Bear for Best Director (German: Silberner Bär/Bester Regie) is an award presented annually at the Berlin International Film Festival since 1956. It is given for the best achievement in directing and is chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival.

At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival held in 1956, Robert Aldrich was the first winner of this award for his work on Autumn Leaves, and Grant Gee is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Everybody Digs Bill Evans at the 76th Berlin International Film Festival in 2026.
Triathlon at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's individual
The men's triathlon at the 2022 Asian Games was held on 29 September 2023. The race was held over the "international distance" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi) road bicycle racing, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Mark Thompson (footballer)
Mark "Bomber" Thompson (born 19 November 1963) is a retired Australian rules footballer and former senior coach. He played 202 games for the Essendon Football Club from 1983 to 1996, captaining the side from 1992 until 1995.

After retiring, he was an assistant coach at Essendon and then at North Melbourne before becoming the senior coach of the Geelong Football Club from 2000 to 2010 and coaching them to two premierships. In November 2010, Thompson returned to Essendon as a senior assistant coach and was then appointed the senior coach for the 2014 season. He left the club at the end of 2014.

On 2 May 2018, he was charged with seven counts of drug trafficking and possession. He was released on $20,000 bail to appear in court at a later date. He was later cleared of trafficking but convicted of possession.

Glossary of Australian rules football
This list is an alphabetical glossary of Australian rules football terms, jargon and slang. While some of these entries are shared with other sports, Australian rules football has developed a unique and rich terminology.

Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.
Alice in Wonderland (2025 film)
Alice in Wonderland (Russian: Алиса в Стране чудес, romanized: Alisa v Strane chudes) is a 2025 Russian children's musical film directed by Yury Khmelnitsky, loosely based on the 1865 English novel of the same name by Lewis Carroll and the 1976 Soviet radio play by Vladimir Vysotsky.

Alice in Wonderland had its world premiere at the Karo 11 October at Arbat Square in Moscow on October 21, 2025, and was released in Russia on October 23, 2025 by Central Partnership.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Marshall County Airport (West Virginia)
39°52′51″N 080°44′09″W﻿ / ﻿39.88083°N 80.73583°W﻿ / 39.88083; -80.73583

Marshall County Airport (ICAO: KMPG, FAA LID: MPG, formerly 74D) is a public airport located three miles (5 km) south of the central business district of Moundsville, a city in Marshall County, West Virginia, United States. The airport is owned by the Marshall County Commission.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Marshall County Airport is assigned MPG by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned MPG to Makini, Papua New Guinea).

Marshall County, West Virginia
Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 30,591. Its county seat is Moundsville. With its southern border at what would be a continuation of the Mason-Dixon line to the Ohio River, it forms the base of the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.

Marshall County is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.

Marshall County is home to the largest conical burial mound in North America, at Moundsville. Marshall County was formed in 1835 from Ohio County by act of the Virginia Assembly. In 1852, on Christmas Eve, workers completed the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's connection to the Ohio River at Rosby's Rock in Marshall County. It more recently became home to the New Vrindaban community of Hare Krishnas, and Prabhupada's Palace of Gold.
Tolworth Girls' School
Tolworth Girls' School is a secondary school and sixth form for girls aged 11–20 in Surbiton, London, England, in the Royal Borough of Kingston Upon Thames.

The school currently has 1035 girls on roll and just under 290 students in the mixed sixth form. The school has received awards including a specialism in Technology, Leading Edge School, Training School and the Artsmark Gold award.

In 2007, 2017 and 2023, it was rated 1-outstanding, by Ofsted. Its link school is Southborough High School, another local school. In August 2011 the school converted to academy status.

It is directly next to the north side of the A3 Kingston Bypass, near the Red Lion Business Park, not far from the A243 junction (Hook underpass), between Tolworth and Hook.

Hook, London
Hook is a suburban area in south west London, England. It forms part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and is located 12 miles (19.3 km) south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring settlements include Hinchley Wood, Long Ditton, Surbiton, Tolworth and Chessington.

An RAF barrage balloon depot opened in Hook c. 1938 and was later known as RAF Chessington, latterly used as a hospital until demolished and redeveloped for housing in the 1990s.

Hook forms part of the Chessington post town.
Mansur of Kelantan
Mansur of Kelantan was the Sultan of Kelantan state in Malaysia.
His real name was Long Mansor, the son of Long Ahmad and the younger brother of Long Kundor. He ascended the throne in 1891 and ruled until 1899.

Among the influential state dignitaries during his reign were:

Datuk Maha Menteri Saad bin Ngah (Che Ha')

Datuk Sri Paduka Nik Yusof bin Nik Abdul Majid (Nik Soh bin Nik Jid)

Tok Hakim Kelantan, Syed Muhammad bin Syed Alwi

These dignitaries, with the support of their followers, were very influential in determining the heir to the throne. This situation caused dissatisfaction among the royal family who were not selected to ascend the throne and did not receive any positions in the government.

During his reign, in 1891, Dato' Bahaman fled to Gua Musang (Ulu Kelantan). Kelantan Islamic and customs law also were noted to be at their best during his reign.

He died on 10 February 1900 and is buried at Kelantan Royal Mausoleum.

Kelantan Royal Mausoleum
Kelantan Royal Mausoleum or Langgar Royal Mausoleum is a Kelantan royal burial ground located at Kampung Langgar near Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. It is located next to the Langgar Mosque on Jalan Langgar, in the Langgar subdistrict. Numerous members of the royal family of Kelantan are interred in the burial ground.
Florinus
Florinus can refer to:

Florin, a coin

Florinus, presbyter at Rome, one of the Fathers of Christian Gnosticism

Florinus of Remüs, 9th-century saint

Henrik Florinus (1633–1705), Finnish priest, writer and translator

Florinus of Remüs
Florinus of Remüs (died 856 AD), also known as Florin, Florian of Chur, Florinus of Matsch, and Florinus of Vinschgau, is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, particularly in the dioceses of Chur, Bolzano-Brixen, Vaduz, and in the Rhineland.
Twenty-one (card game)
Twenty-one, formerly known as vingt-un in Britain, France and America, is a family of popular card games of the gambling family, the progenitor of which is recorded in Spain in the early 17th century. The family includes the casino games of blackjack and pontoon as well as their domestic equivalents. Twenty-one rose to prominence in France in the 18th century and spread from there to Germany and Britain from whence it crossed to America. Known initially as vingt-un in all those countries, it developed into pontoon in Britain after the First World War and blackjack in Canada and the United States in the late 19th century, where the legalisation of gambling increased its popularity.

Casino game
A casino game is one in which players gamble cash or chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes, often in a casino environment. Such games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. Casino games can also be played outside of casinos for entertainment purposes, like in parties or in school competitions, on machines that simulate gambling.