hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skirmish at Many Branch Point
On 10 June 1982, in the closing days of the Falklands War, Many Branch Point, a ridge near Port Howard in West Falkland, was the site of a minor skirmish between the Argentine and British Armed Forces. The engagement ended with the death of the SAS patrol commander, Captain Gavin Hamilton. The action was the only ground engagement of the British and Argentine forces on West Falkland during the conflict.

Argentine Army
The Argentine Army (Spanish: Ejército Argentino, EA) is the land force branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic and the senior military service of Argentina. Under the Argentine Constitution, the president of Argentina is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. Command authority is exercised through the Minister of Defense.

The Army's official foundation date is May 29, 1810 (celebrated in Argentina as the Army Day), four days after the Spanish colonial administration in Buenos Aires was overthrown. The new national army was formed out of several pre-existing colonial militia units and locally manned regiments; most notably the Infantry Regiment "Patricios", which to this date is still an active unit.
Keratomileusis
Keratomileusis, from Greek κέρας (kéras: horn) and σμίλευσις (smíleusis: carving), or corneal reshaping, is the improvement of the refractive state of the cornea by surgically reshaping it. It is the most common form of refractive surgery. The first usable technique was developed by José Ignacio Barraquer, commonly called "the father of modern refractive surgery."

The most common modern procedure, LASIK, is performed through lifting the front surface of the eye by forming a thin hinged flap under which the shape of the cornea is changed by using an excimer laser or other surgical device. A microkeratome is usually used to cut the flap, but a femtosecond laser can also be used to make the flap.

Before the advent of the excimer laser, keratomileusis was done using a cryolathe, which froze thin flaps of corneal tissue and lathe cut them much like one cuts the lens of a pair of glasses. After thawing, these reshaped flaps were placed under the front flap to reshape the cornea.

Excimer laser
An excimer laser, sometimes more correctly called an exciplex laser, is a form of ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of microelectronic devices, semiconductor based integrated circuits or "chips", eye surgery, and micromachining.

Since the 1960s, excimer lasers have been widely used in high-resolution photolithography machines, one of the critical technologies required for microelectronic chip manufacturing.
Hoffman graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Hoffman graph is a 4-regular graph with 16 vertices and 32 edges discovered by Alan Hoffman. Published in 1963, it is cospectral to the hypercube graph Q4.

The Hoffman graph has many common properties with the hypercube Q4—both are  Hamiltonian and have chromatic number 2, chromatic index 4, girth 4 and diameter 4. It is also a 4-vertex-connected graph and a 4-edge-connected graph.  However, it is not distance-regular and not 1-planar.
It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

Alan J. Hoffman
Alan Jerome Hoffman (May 30, 1924 – January 18, 2021) was an American mathematician and IBM Fellow emeritus, T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM, in Yorktown Heights, New York. He was the founding editor of the journal Linear Algebra and its Applications, and held several patents. He contributed to combinatorial optimization and the eigenvalue theory of graphs. Hoffman and Robert Singleton constructed the Hoffman–Singleton graph, which is the unique Moore graph of degree 7 and diameter 2.

Hoffman died on January 18, 2021, at the age of 96.
Sufi Muhammad Barkat Ali Ludhianvi
Abu Anees Muhammad Barkat Ali Ludhianvi (ابو انیس محمد برکت علی لودھیانوی) (27 April 1911 – 26 January 1997) was a Muslim Sufi who belonged to the well-known Qadiriyya, Chishti and Naqshbandi spiritual orders. In total he belonged to 14 spiritual orders.

He was the founder of the non-political, non-profit, religious organisation, Dar-ul-Ehsan. Abu Anees's followers spread all around the world and especially in Pakistan. He spent his whole life preaching Islam. He made first Quran Mahal in Pakistan. A large number of people including politicians and officers used to come to Darul Ehsan to meet Sufi Barkat Ali. His tomb is situated 16 km from Faisalabad near Dasuha on Faisalabad–Samundri Road. Every year, eye camps are arranged at Darul Ehsan where free eye treatments are provided for many people every year in the months of March and October.

Dasuha, Faisalabad
Dasuha (Urdu: دسوہا) is a  small city of Faisalabad district, in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is  approximately 13 km from the city of Faisalabad and some 30 km from Samundri on the Faisalabad–Samundri Road.
Fritz Jean
Fritz Alphonse Jean is a Haitian economist, politician and writer who served as the 3rd chairman of the Transitional Presidential Council of Haiti from March to August 2025. He previously served as prime minister of Haiti in 2016 and as governor of the Banque de la République d'Haïti from 1998 until 2001. Since 2012, he is the president of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Professions of Nord-Est and is part of the national commemoration committee of the 100th anniversary of the United States occupation of Haiti. He was elected by the Montana Consensus as the head of the provisional president of Haiti on January 30, 2022.

Transitional Presidential Council
The Transitional Presidential Council (TPC; French: Conseil présidentiel de transition [kɔ̃sɛj pʁezidɑ̃sjɛl də tʁɑ̃zisjɔ̃]; Haitian Creole: Konsèy Prezidansyèl Tranzisyon) was a temporary body constituted by the Council of Ministers on 12 April 2024 and sworn in at the National Palace on 25 April to exercise the powers and duties of the president of Haiti either until an elected president is inaugurated or until 7 February 2026, whichever came first. The council dissolved as scheduled after no presidential election was held.
Querini Stampalia
There are several entries linked with the family name of Querini Stampalia, a branch of the Querini:

Fondazione Querini Stampalia, a cultural institution in Venice, Italy

Pinacoteca Querini Stampalia, an art collection and museum in Venice, Italy

Astypalaia or Stampalia, a Greek island where the name Querini Stampalia originated

Astypalaia
Astypalaia (Greek: Αστυπάλαια, pronounced [astiˈpalea]), is a Greek island with 1,376 residents (2021 census). It belongs to the Dodecanese, an archipelago of fifteen major islands in the southeastern Aegean Sea. However, many scholars recognize Astypalaia as an extension of the Cyclades, as many cultural and ecological components of the island are more indicative of the Cyclades rather than the Dodecanese.

The island is 18 kilometres (11 miles) long, 13 kilometres (8 miles) across at its widest, and covers an area of 97 km2. Along with numerous smaller uninhabited offshore islets (the largest of which are Sýrna and Ofidoussa), it forms the Municipality of Astypalaia, which is part of the Kalymnos regional unit. The municipality has an area of 114.077 km2. The capital and the previous main harbour of the island is Astypalaia or Chora, as it is called by the locals.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle
The Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle (Latin: Dioecesis Hagulstadensis et Novocastrensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church, centred on St Mary's Cathedral, in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, in England. The diocese is one of the six suffragan sees in the ecclesiastical province of Liverpool and covers the historic boundaries of County Durham and Northumberland.

Northumbria (modern)
Northumbria, in modern contexts, usually refers to the region of England between the Tees and Tweed, including the historic counties of Northumberland and Durham, but it is often taken to be a synonymous with North East England. The area corresponds to the Viking-age rump of the Kingdom of Northumbria to the north of the Tyne, alongside the Patrimony of St Cuthbert, which lay between the Tyne and Tees. It further corresponds to the Norman-era county of Northumberland, or Comitatus Northumbriae, which originally encompassed the entire area between the Tweed to the Tees. A provincial flag of Northumbria has been registered.
1968 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1968 Women's Open Squash Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club and Royal Aero Club in London from 16–22 February 1968. Heather McKay (née Blundell) won her seventh consecutive title by defeating Bev Johnson in the final.

Lansdowne Club
The Lansdowne Club is a private members' club in London, England occupying a large building, notable in its own right. It was established in 1935 and occupies most of 9 Fitzmaurice Place, a street connecting Berkeley Square to Curzon Street in Mayfair.
2009 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
The 2009 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship was the 42nd staging of the annual Ulster Senior Club Football Championship which is administered by Ulster GAA. Nine GAA county boards compete for the title. The winners were awarded the Séamus McFerran Cup and went on to compete in the 2010 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. The championship started on 18 October 2009 and concluded with the final on 29 November 2009.

Crossmaglen were the current holders – beating Ballinderry in the 2008 final at Brewster Park in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh.

Brewster Park (Enniskillen)
Brewster Park is a GAA stadium in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is the home ground of the Enniskillen Gaels and the County ground of Fermanagh GAA. The ground was renovated in 2007 and now has a capacity of roughly 18,000. The ground was named for Mickey Brewster, a Fermanagh and Enniskillen Gaels player and father of Paul Brewster.

In the first match played in Brewster Park since the renovations, Fermanagh defeated Monaghan in the first round of the Ulster Senior Football Championship on Sunday, May 26, 2008 by a score of 2–8 to 0–10. Lorcan McCaughey being the star of the game scoring 1-6 for Fermanagh.

Floodlights were installed in the ground in 2008 and were used in the 2008 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship final between Ballinderry and Crossmaglen. They were officially unveiled in January 2009 in a Dr. McKenna Cup game between Fermanagh and University of Ulster, Jordanstown (UUJ).
Henry Brevard Davidson
Henry Brevard Davidson (January 28, 1831 – March 4, 1899) was a United States Army officer and Confederate general during the American Civil War. At the outbreak of the war, he resigned his commission and served in various staff positions in the Confederate States Army. On August 18, 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general and first commanded brigades of cavalry in the Western Theater, particularly in Tennessee and Georgia. In 1864, he was transferred to Virginia and served in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. At the end of the war, he served under General Joseph E. Johnston in the Carolina Campaign. After the war, he became a civil engineer in California and in 1887 was deputy secretary of state in California. Later in life, he was an agent for the Southern Pacific Railroad in Danville, California.

Danville, California
The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that use "town" in their names instead of "city". The population was 43,582 at the 2020 census. Since 2018, for five consecutive years, Danville was named "the safest town in California".

The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville. It was first a railroad that has been converted to a 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections. Extending from Livermore to Concord, the trail passes through Danville.

Danville is also home to the Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, Village Theatre and Art Gallery, and the Museum of the San Ramon Valley.
Grazilda
Grazilda is a Philippine television drama fantasy romance series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is a loose adaptation on Drizella, the stepsister of Cinderella. Directed by Dominic Zapata, it stars Glaiza de Castro in the title role. It premiered on September 13, 2010 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on January 7, 2011 with a total of 85 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Heinz Fiedler
Heinz Fiedler (29 April 1929 – 15 December 1993) was a major general in East Germany's Ministry for State Security (Stasi).   Between 1970 and 1990 he was in charge of the organisation's Department VI which gave him responsibility for border security and tourist traffic. In December 1993 he hanged himself.

Constitution of East Germany
The original Constitution of East Germany (the German Democratic Republic; German: Verfassung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik) was promulgated on 7 October 1949. It was heavily based on the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Reichsverfassung) and nominally established the GDR as a liberal democratic republic. In 1968, the East German government adopted a new, fully Communist constitution that was based on Marxism–Leninism, political unitarism, and collective leadership. There were further amendments to the 1968 constitution in 1974. With the political events of 1989, the 1968 constitution was purged of its Communist character. There were attempts to draft a completely new constitution for East Germany, but these efforts never materialized as momentum grew for unification with the western Federal Republic (West Germany. The following October, East Germany ceased to exist, and its territory merged into the Federal Republic.
In taberna quando sumus
"In taberna quando sumus" (English: "When we are in the tavern") is a medieval Latin Goliardic poem, part of the collection known as the Carmina Burana, written between the 12th and early 13th centuries. It was set to music in 1935/36 by German composer Carl Orff as part of his Carmina Burana which premiered at Frankfurt Opera on 8 June 1937. Within Orff's Carmina Burana, this drinking song is the 14th movement in section 2, In Taberna. The poem is largely in trochaic tetrameter.

Alte Oper
Alte Oper (Old Opera) is a concert hall in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany. It is located in the inner city, Innenstadt, within the banking district Bankenviertel. Today's Alte Oper was built in 1880 as the city's opera house, which was destroyed by bombs in 1944. It was rebuilt in the 1970s as a concert hall with a large hall and smaller venues, opened in 1981. The square in front of the building is still known as Opernplatz (Opera Square).

Many important works were performed for the first time when it was Frankfurt's opera house, including Schreker's Der ferne Klang and Carl Orff's Carmina Burana in 1937. The Oper Frankfurt now plays in the Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt, completed in 1951.
Wat Suk Wararam
Wat Suk Wararm (Thai pronunciation: [wát suːk wa raː raːm]) (Thai: วัดสุขวราราม) is a Buddhist temple (wat) in Don Tum District of Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.  Also known as Wat Don Ruak (Thai pronunciation: [wát dɔːn ruak]) (Thai: วัดดอนรวก), it is one of Don Ruak's temples.

Wat
A wat (Khmer: វត្ត, vôtt [ʋɔət]; Lao: ວັດ, vat [wāt]; Thai: วัด, RTGS: wat [wát]; Tai Lü: 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); Northern Thai: 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」 (w+Da2), [wa̋t]) is a type of Buddhist and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State (Myanmar), Yunnan (China), the Southern Province of Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
John Marioni
John Marioni is a Senior Vice President and Head of Computation at Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED) in South San Francisco. Previously he was the Head of Research at the European Bioinformatics Institute and held an appointment at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute in Cambridge University. He is a computational biologist known for his research on statistical and computational methods for the analysis of genomics data, in particular single-cell biology and evolutionary genomics. He continues to co-chair the Human Cell Atlas Analysis Working Group.

Genentech
Genentech, Inc. is an American biotechnology corporation headquartered in South San Francisco, California. It operates as an independent subsidiary of holding company Roche. Genentech Research and Early Development operates as an independent center within Roche. Historically, the company is regarded as the world's first biotechnology company.

As of July 2021, Genentech employed 13,539 people.
Thaw Kaung
Sithu Thaw Kaung (Burmese: သော်ကောင်း) is a Burmese university librarian, historian and leading authority in Asian library studies. He specializes in the preservation and archival of traditional documents, including palm leaf manuscripts.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Black Ops (TV series)
Black Ops is a British television comedy series made for BBC One starring Hammed Animashaun, Gbemisola Ikumelo and Akemnji Ndifornyen, the latter two also being co-creators, writers and executive producers. The first series aired in May 2023. A second series was commissioned in August 2023; which premiered on 8 January 2026.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Race the World
Race the World (Chinese: 非凡搭檔; pinyin: Fēifán Dādàng) is a Chinese reality television series that aired on Jiangsu Television in 2016 that features twelve contestants that formed teams of two in a race around the world to win a grand prize of ¥500,000 and a lifetime usage of an Infiniti Q50L.

Joe Cheng and Ariel Lin were the winners of Race the World.

Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation
Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation (JSBC) (Chinese: 江苏省广播电视总台(集团); pinyin: Jiāngsū Shěng Guǎngbò Diànshì Zǒngtái (Jítuán)) is China's third biggest television network after China Central Television (CCTV) and Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS). The television network is owned by the Jiangsu Provincial People's Government, an agency subordinate to the Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress. The network is based in Nanjing in Jiangsu.
Gerry Cheevers
Gerald Michael Cheevers (born December 7, 1940) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and World Hockey Association (WHA) between 1961 and 1980. Cheevers is best known for his two stints with the Boston Bruins, whom he helped win the Stanley Cup in 1970 and 1972. Cheevers won more than 300 games between two professional leagues. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.

Following his retirement he coached the Bruins from 1980-1985. He then worked as a commentator for both the Hartford Whalers and Bruins.

He was the first to decorate his goaltender mask with stitch markings where a puck had struck, leading to the contemporary tradition of goaltenders decorating their masks with distinctive stitches.

Adams Cup (ice hockey)
The Adams Cup was awarded annually (from 1964 to 1984) to the championship team in Central Professional Hockey League (CPHL).

The CPHL was a top-tier minor professional league that operated in the United States from 1963 to 1984 (from 1968 forward as the "Central Hockey League"). It was owned and operated by the National Hockey League.  The CPHL's championship trophy was called the Adams Cup in honor of the CPHL's founding president Jack Adams.
1963 Vuelta a España, Stage 1a to Stage 8
The 1963 Vuelta a España was the 18th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Gijón on 1 May, and Stage 8 occurred on 8 May with a stage to Pamplona. The race finished in Madrid  on 15 May.

Tolosa, Spain
Tolosa (Spanish and Basque: [toˈlosa]) is a town and municipality in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, in northern Spain. It is located in the valley of the river Oria, next by Uzturre, a local mountain topped by a white cross.

Its economy relies primarily on the industrial sector, specifically papermaking.
Eset Kotibaruli
Eset Kotibaruli (Kazakh: Есет Көтібарұлы, Eset Kötıbarūly) (1803–1889), sometimes Izzat (or Izzet) Kutebar, was the leader of the wars against Khiva and Kokand khanates, the head of an anti-colonial uprising and the leader of the national liberation movement of Kazakhs. He was a Kazakh rebel and guerrilla leader who was active from the 1820s to 1858. He first robbed the Bukhara caravan in 1822, and was at his height as a raider and scourge of the Russian invaders in the 1840s. They eventually persuaded him to suspend his activities and rewarded him with a gold medal, but he rebelled again in the early 1850s. He was captured in 1854, but he either escaped or was released.

Jüz
A jüz (Modern Kazakh tribes) (/ˈ(d)ʒ(j)uːz/; Kazakh: ءجۇز  / жүз, pronounced [ʒʉz], also translated as 'horde') is one of the three main territorial and tribal divisions in the Kypchak Plain area that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. It represents the main tribal division within the ethnic group of the Kazakhs.

The  Senior jüz (Kazakh: ۇلى ءجۇز, Ұлы Жүз, romanized: Ūly Jüz) covers territories of southern and southeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Xinjiang) and parts of Uzbekistan.

The  Middle jüz (Kazakh: ورتا ءجۇز, Орта жүз, romanized: Orta Jüz) consists of six tribes, covering northern, central and eastern Kazakhstan, and northwestern China.

The  Junior jüz (Kazakh: كىشى ءجۇز, Кіші жүз, romanized: Kışı Jüz)) consists of three tribes, covering western Kazakhstan and eastern European  Russia (Orenburg Oblast).