hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Aston, 4th Lord Aston of Forfar
Walter Aston, 4th Lord Aston of Forfar (c. 1660 – 4 April 1748) was the eldest surviving son of Walter Aston, 3rd Lord Aston of Forfar, and his first wife Eleanor Blount, daughter of Sir Walter Blount, 1st Baronet of Sodington in Worcestershire.

In 1714, he succeeded his father as Lord Aston of Forfar in the Peerage of Scotland. Despite the title, they were a Staffordshire family whose seat was at Tixall.

Sir Walter Blount, 1st Baronet
Sir Walter Blount, 1st Baronet (1594 – 27 August 1654) of Sodington in the parish of Mamble in Worcestershire, was a Member of Parliament for Droitwich in 1624 and supported the Royalist cause in the Civil War.
Anthoshorea stipularis
Anthoshorea stipularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Sri Lanka.

It grows in remaining lowland evergreen rain forests of southwestern Sri Lanka. It is threatened with habitat loss from the clearance of its native forests for tea plantations. Past selective logging for timber also reduced the species' population.

Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
The Sri Lanka lowland rain forests represents Sri Lanka's Tropical rainforests below 1,000 m (3,281 ft) in elevation in the southwestern part of the island. The year-around warm, wet climate together with thousands years of isolation from mainland India have resulted in the evolution of numerous plants and animal species that can only  be found in rain forests in Sri Lanka.  The thick forest canopy is made up of over 150 species of trees, some of the emergent layer reaching as high as 45 m (148 ft). The lowland rain forests accounts for 2.14 percent of Sri Lanka's land area. This ecoregion is the home of the jungle shrew, a small endemic mammal of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has the highest density of amphibian species worldwide. Many of these, including 250 species of tree frogs, live in these rain forests.
Singularity function
Singularity functions are a class of discontinuous functions that contain singularities, i.e., they are discontinuous at their singular points. Singularity functions have been heavily studied in the field of mathematics under the alternative names of generalized functions and distribution theory. The functions are notated with brackets, as  where n is an integer. The "" are often referred to as singularity brackets . The functions are defined as:

where: δ(x) is the Dirac delta function, also called the unit impulse. The first derivative of δ(x) is also called the unit doublet. The function  is the Heaviside step function: H(x) = 0 for x < 0 and H(x) = 1 for x > 0. The value of H(0) will depend upon the particular convention chosen for the Heaviside step function. Note that this will only be an issue for n = 0 since the functions contain a multiplicative factor of x − a for n > 0.
 is also called the Ramp function.

Singularity (mathematics)
In mathematics, a singularity is a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point where the mathematical object ceases to be well-behaved in some particular way, such as by lacking differentiability or analyticity.

For example, the reciprocal function  has a singularity at , where the value of the function is not defined, as involving a division by zero. The absolute value function  also has a singularity at , since it is not differentiable there.

The algebraic curve defined by  in the  coordinate system has a singularity (called a cusp) at . For singularities in algebraic geometry, see singular point of an algebraic variety. For singularities in differential geometry, see singularity theory.
Giles Airport
Giles Airport services the Warakurna Community and the Giles Weather Station in eastern Western Australia. The airstrip was built during April and May 1956 by a team led by Len Beadell as part of establishing the weather station for the British nuclear tests at Maralinga and the Woomera Test Range. It is adjacent to the Gunbarrel Highway (also constructed by Beadell) and the more recently constructed Great Central Road.

Gunbarrel Highway
The Gunbarrel Highway is an isolated desert track in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia. It consists of about 1,350 km (840 mi) of washaways, heavy corrugations, stone, sand and flood plains. The Gunbarrel Highway connects Victory Downs in the Northern Territory to Carnegie Station in Western Australia. Some sources incorrectly show the highway extending west to Wiluna.

The road was built as part of Australia's role in the weapons research establishment called Woomera which included Emu Field and Maralinga, both atomic bomb testing sites. The name comes from Len Beadell's Gunbarrel Road Construction Party, so named as his intention was to build roads as straight as a gunbarrel. The highway was protested by the Australian group Midnight Oil in their song of the same name as the highway.
José Miguel Gallardo
José Miguel Gallardo (September 29, 1897 – July 18, 1976) was a professor at the University of Puerto Rico and two-time acting governor of Puerto Rico. He and his wife, fellow professor Ida Gallardo, lived most of their adult lives in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Graduated from with a Bachelors in Arts from Park College. Received his M.A. degree at Pennsylvania State University.

He is most remembered today as a strong proponent of bilingual education, and he was appointed as Commissioner of Education in 1937 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His first task on taking the office was to increase the teaching of English in schools, in preference over Spanish. The intention was that while students would be taught in elementary school in Spanish, they would gradually be taught increasingly in English through high school. His revised education policies were reversed in 1942.

In 1941, he put the island on "war alert" after the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

Bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.
Windows (TV series)
Windows is a live 30-minute American dramatic anthology television series that was broadcast from July 8, 1955, to August 26, 1955. Eight episodes aired from New York City on CBS in 1955 as a summer replacement for Edward R. Murrow's Person to Person series.  Notable guest stars included Geraldine Page, Jason Robards, Melvyn Douglas,  and Anthony Perkins.

Each episode of the show began by showing a window, after which the cameral moved through the window to begin the telling of the story, with each story "designed to show real people confronting real problems".

Windows was created by Frank DeFelitta and  Mort Abrahams and produced by Abrahams. Its directors were Jack Garfein, Jose Quintero, John Stix, and Leonard Valenta. Its writers included Shirley Peterson, Ray Bradbury and Arnold Schulman. The show was broadcast from 10:30 to 11 p.m. Eastern Time on Fridays. Amoco and Hamm Brewing Company sponsored the program, which originated from WCBS-TV.

Arnold Schulman
Arnold Schulman (August 11, 1925 – February 4, 2023) was an American playwright, screenwriter, producer, songwriter and novelist. He was a stage actor long associated with the American Theatre Wing and the Actors Studio.
James F. Bell III
James F. Bell III (born July 23, 1965) is a professor of Astronomy at Arizona State University, specializing in the study of planetary geology, geochemistry and mineralogy using data obtained from telescopes and from various spacecraft missions. Bell's active research has involved the NASA Mars Pathfinder, Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR), Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR), 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Mars Science Laboratory missions. His book Postcards from Mars  includes many images taken by the Mars rovers. Bell is currently an editor of the space science journal Icarus and president of The Planetary Society. He has served as the lead scientist in charge of the Panoramic camera (Pancam) color imaging system on Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity.

Pancam
Each Pancam is one of two electronic stereo cameras on Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. It has a filter wheel assembly that enables it to view different wavelengths of light and the pair of Pancams are mounted beside two NavCams on the MER camera bar assembly.

According to Cornell University it can work with Mini-TES to analyze surroundings.

According to a paper about Mars by JPL, the Pancam system can achieve an angular resolution of 300 microradians, which is three times better than the human eye. It can observe 14 spectral bands, and with two side-by side cameras can generate stereoscopic views of Mars, supporting the creation of large Mars panoramas in excess of 10 Gbit uncompressed. Spirit rover took the highest resolution image ever taken on the surface of another planet up to that time when it landed in 2004.
Cuscatlán Battalion
The Cuscatlán Battalion (Spanish: Batallón Cuscatlán) was a military unit of the Armed Forces of El Salvador (FAES) that participated in the Iraq War from 2003 to 2009. The Cuscatlán Battalion served under the Polish-led Multinational Division Central-South (MN–DCS) throughout its deployment. From 2003 to 2004, it was also a part of the Spanish-led Plus Ultra Brigade.

During the Cuscatlán Battalion's deployment, it rendered humanitarian aid, assisted in reconstruction projects, conducted demining operations, and protected Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I) convoys. The battalion engaged in a few skirmishes against Iraqi militants during its deployment, suffering 5 deaths and 20 injuries. The Cuscatlán Battalion withdrew from Iraq in 2009 after years of debate in El Salvador over involvement in the Iraq War; the right-wing Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) had supported involvement, while the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) opposed it.

La Prensa Gráfica
La Prensa Gráfica, commonly known as La Prensa, is a daily newspaper published in El Salvador by Grupo Dutriz. La Prensa is a mainstream metropolitan newspaper, and became one of the first newspapers to print in color in Central America.
Torbjörn Samuelsson
Torbjörn Samuelsson (born 1973) is a strongman competitor from Sweden, and is the younger brother of 1998 World's Strongest Man winner Magnus Samuelsson. Torbjörn is a two-time winner of Sweden's Strongest Man in 1998 & 2002. Torbjörn competed in the 2000, 2001 and 2002 World's Strongest Man competitions, but never qualified for the finals.

2002 World's Strongest Man
The 2002 World's Strongest Man was the 25th edition of the international World's Strongest Man competition, and was won by Mariusz Pudzianowski from Poland. The contest was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bit pairing
In telecommunications, bit pairing is the practice of establishing, within a code set, a number of subsets that have an identical bit representation except for the state of a specified bit.

Note:  An example of bit pairing occurs in the International Alphabet No. 5 and the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), where the upper case letters are related to their respective lower case letters by the state of bit six.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Kothwan
Kothwan, also spelled Kothawan, is a village and corresponding community development block in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located 8 km from the city of Beniganj, Kothwan hosts a Parikrma fair during the month of Phalguna where people gather for worship purposes. Vendors bring various items of merchandise to sell at the fair, including carpets, handloom cloth, glassware, earthen pots, toys, and sweets. Kothwan also hosts a market on Wednesdays and Sundays, which involves the sale of miscellaneous products. The main staple foods in Kothwan are wheat and rice. As of 2011, the population of Kothwan is 5,323, in 1,063 households.

Beniganj
Beniganj is a town and nagar panchayat in Sandila tehsil of Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 21 miles southeast of Hardoi and 16 miles north of Sandila, on the road to Nimkhar and Sitapur.
The Missing Leech
The Missing Leech (real name Maurici Ribera) is a  Catalonian anti-folk and folk-punk singer-songwriter from Sant Joan de Vilatorrada in Barcelona, Spain. He has performed hundreds on concerts worldwide with artists such as Daniel Johnston and The Wave Pictures. He starred in a documentary-style movie titled "The Unfinished Story of the Missing Leech" exploring the Catalan anti-folk scene.

Anti-folk
Anti-folk (sometimes spelled antifolk) is a genre of folk music that emerged in the 1980s in New York City. It was founded by the musician, author, and comedian Lach, as a reaction to the commercialization of folk music. It is characterized by its amateur sound, DIY ethos, and often humorous, rebellious, or satirical lyrics. Antifolk music was made to diverge from, and sometimes mock, the perceived seriousness of the era's mainstream music scene, while often still being protest music aimed at social change. The latter element especially overlaps with folk punk.
Orbiso
Orbiso is a village situated the region of the Montaña Alavesa which allows for traversing from the valley of Campezo/Kanpezu to the valley of Arana, both in Álava, and at last to the Cordillera de Santiago Lózquiz in Navarra. This small town is 43 km far from Vitoria-Gasteiz and 28 km from Estella, and the way to get there is first taking the A-132 highway and then the A-4161. In the propinquity of Orbiso merges Cruz de Alda, the Istora’s Cliff, the park of Santa Lucía and the Franciscanos de San Julián de Piédrola’s convent. Related to the vegetation, Orbiso’s mountains are covered by holm oaks, oaks and arbutus, where a lot of wild animals live. There also are a lot of walnut trees, chestnuts and cherry trees. The economy of this village is based on the agricultural exploitation because of its dry and irrigated lands. Orbiso’s local government it’s the council of Campezo, formed by Santa Cruz/Santikurutze, Oteo, Bujanda, Antoñana and Orbiso.

Chestnut
Chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Feronia
Feronia may mean:

Feronia (mythology), a goddess of fertility in Roman and Etruscan mythology

Feronia (plant), a genus of plants

Feronia Inc., a plantations company operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Feronia (Sardinia), a mysterious ancient site in Sardinia, Italy

Feronia (Etruria), a city in ancient Etruria, Italy

72 Feronia, an asteroid

FERONIA, a recognition receptor kinase found in plants

FERONIA
Feronia, also known as FER or protein Sirene, is a recognition receptor kinase found in plants.  FER plays a significant part in the plant immune system as a receptor kinase which assists in immune signaling within plants, plant growth, and plant reproduction.  FER is regulated by the Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF).  FER regulates growth in normal environments but it is most beneficial in stressful environments as it helps to initiate immune signaling.  FER can also play a role in reproduction in plants by participating in the communication between the female and male cells.  FER is found in and can be studied in the organism Arabidopsis thaliana.
Ezkerekotxa
Ezkerekotxa (Spanish: Ezquerecocha) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Iruraiz-Gauna, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. As of 2022, it has a population of 46. The local parish church is dedicated to San Román.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).
L'Officiel Hommes
L'Officiel Hommes (French pronunciation: [lɔfisjɛl]; stylised in all caps), is a French bi-annual fashion magazine. It has been published in Paris since 2005 and previously from 1977 to 1991 and 1996 to 1997.

The magazine is the mens version of L'Officiel, L'Officiel began publication in 1921 as the official magazine of the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne. Since 2022 L'Officiel and L'Officiel Hommes have been owned by Hong Kong–based AMTD, they are now operated through Paris–based The Generation Essentials Group.

Fashion journalism
Fashion journalism is a component of fashion media, with a focus on writing and photojournalism. Fashion journalists write about and critique fashion events and trends as well as cultivate and maintain relationships with stylists and designers. Fashion journalists are either employed full-time by a publication, or submit articles on a freelance basis. Fashion photography, which supplanted fashion illustration in the 1900s, is a type of photojournalism used in fashion journalism. The Internet has given rise to several outlets for amateur fashion journalism, such as blogs and vlogs.
Miguel Salmon Del Real
Miguel Salmon Del Real (born 1978, Mexico City) is a Mexican orchestra conductor. Having performed the world premiere of nearly 100 pieces written by living composers around the globe, he has conducted orchestras, choirs and ensembles.

Péter Eötvös
Péter Eötvös (Hungarian: Eötvös Péter, pronounced [ˈøtvøʃ ˈpeːtɛr]; 2 January 1944 – 24 March 2024) was a Hungarian composer, conductor and academic teacher.

After studies of composition in Budapest and Cologne, Eötvös composed film music in Hungary from 1962. He played with the Stockhausen Ensemble between 1968 and 1976. He was a founding member of the Oeldorf Group in 1973, continuing his association until the late 1970s. From 1979 to 1991, he was musical director and conductor of the Ensemble InterContemporain, and from 1985 to 1988 he was principal guest conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra, after which he conducted several other orchestras.

As a composer, Eötvös was known for the operas Love and Other Demons and Three Sisters, both of which were performed outside Hungary. He was open to influences from different cultures.
Phitsanulok F.C.
Phitsanulok Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลพิษณุโลก) is a Thai professional football club based in city of Phitsanulok in Phitsanulok province. The club currently plays in the Thai League 3 Northern Region.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Belén Gache
Belén Gache (Buenos Aires, 1960) is an Argentine-Spanish novelist and experimental writer.

Of Spanish and Gibraltarian descent, she was born in Buenos Aires. She lives in Madrid. She graduated from the University of Buenos Aires where she was professor in narratology and literary theory. Her work has diversified into different literary forms. Departing from narrative, she became a pioneer of electronic literature producing since 1996 various forms of expanded and hypertextual writings.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
Live at Winterland '76
Live at Winterland '76 is a live album by the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). It was released in 1998.

Recorded in 1976 during the band's Face the Music Tour, this album, along with 1974's The Night the Light Went On in Long Beach are two official releases of the band performing live. Bassist and backing vocalist Kelly Groucutt features prominently, taking over lead vocal duty on several tracks that do not feature him in this capacity in their studio forms. The album also gives the listener a rare opportunity to hear the "Eldorado Suite" performed live (although "Poorboy (The Greenwood)" was edited out of the Suite on this release), plus a live version of The Move's only US hit "Do Ya" before it was re-recorded by the band for their 1976 album A New World Record. This album also excises two instrumental soloes originally performed during the show: a cello solo by Hugh McDowell and a violin solo by Mik Kaminski.

Do Ya (The Move song)
"Do Ya" is a song written by Jeff Lynne, that was originally recorded by The Move, which became a hit for the Electric Light Orchestra (led by Lynne, ELO originally being a side project of The Move) in 1977.