hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chuck Clay
Charles Commander (Chuck) Clay (born December 23, 1950) is an American Republican politician from the state of Georgia. He was a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 37th district from 1989 to 1999 and again from 2003 to 2005. He served as Chair of the Georgia Republican Party from 1999 to 2001. He ran for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia in 1998, but came third in the primary. He ran for Georgia's 6th congressional district in 2004, but came third in the primary. He earned his BA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Georgia School of Law. As of 2017, Hall Booth Smith, P.C. hired Clay as of counsel.

Clay is the grandson of General Lucius D. Clay and the son of General Lucius D. Clay Jr.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
George LaFrance
George Herbert LaFrance III (born September 24, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive specialist in the Arena Football League (AFL). In a playing career lasting twelve years, he played for the Detroit Drive (1988–1993), Tampa Bay Storm (1994–1999), and New Jersey Red Dogs (2000). In 2002, he served as general manager of the af2's San Diego Riptide.

Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.
Plasma Physics Reports
Plasma Physics Reports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal co-published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media and Pleiades Publishing. It covers developments in plasma science and technology, including plasma diagnostics, fusion power and astrophysical plasma. The journal was established under the name Soviet Journal of Plasma Physics in 1975 and featured English translations of the articles from the journal Fizika Plasmy; it received its current name in 1993. Its current editor-in-chief is Valentin Smirnov (Kurchatov Institute).

Plasma diagnostics
Plasma diagnostics are a pool of methods, instruments, and experimental techniques used to measure properties of a plasma, such as plasma components' density, distribution function over energy (temperature), their spatial profiles and dynamics, which enable to derive plasma parameters.
Ditrigona pruinosa
Ditrigona pruinosa is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1888. It is found in Darjeeling, India. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index lists it as a synonym of Ditrigona quinaria.

The wingspan is about 15.5 mm.

The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) is a searchable database maintained by the Department of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London. It is based on card indices and scanned journals, nomenclatural catalogues and the Zoological Record. It contains most of world's Lepidoptera names published until 1981 and for some groups is up to date. As of May 2023, the site reads "Database last updated January 2018" so the current validity of the taxonomic combinations presented should be adopted with caution.

LepIndex allows anyone free internet access to:

the zoological authority who named a butterfly or moth species

where the original description was published

status of the name (valid name or synonym)

It is the main source of Lepidoptera names in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System and Catalogue of Life.
Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis
The Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis by the group of Isao Kuwajima of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several efforts in taxol total synthesis published in the 1990s. The total synthesis of Taxol is considered a landmark in organic synthesis.

This synthesis is truly synthetic without any help from small biomolecule precursors and also a linear synthesis with molecule ring construction in the order of A, B, C, D. At some point chirality is locked into the molecule via an asymmetric synthesis step which is unique compared to the other efforts. In common with the other efforts the tail addition is based on the Ojima lactam.

The 20 carbon frame is constructed from several pieces: propargyl alcohol (C1, C2, C14), propionaldehyde (C13, C12, C18), isobutyric acid (C15, C16, C17, C11), Trimethyl(phenylthiomethyl)silane (C10), 2-bromobenzaldehyde (C3 to C9), diethylaluminum cyanide (C19) and trimethylsilylmethyl bromide (C20)

Tokyo Institute of Technology
The Tokyo Institute of Technology (東京工業大学) was a public university in Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. It merged with Tokyo Medical and Dental University to form the Institute of Science Tokyo on 1 October 2024.

The Tokyo Institute of Technology was a Designated National University and a Top Type university of Top Global University Project designated by the Japanese government. Tokyo Tech's main campus was located at Ōokayama on the boundary of Meguro and Ota, with its main entrance facing the Ōokayama Station. Other campuses are located in Suzukakedai and Tamachi. Tokyo Tech was organised into 6 schools, within which there are over 40 departments and research centres. Tokyo Tech enrolled 4,734 undergraduates and 1,464 graduate students for 2015–2016.
MOS Technology 8563
The 8563 Video Display Controller (VDC) was an integrated circuit produced by MOS Technology. It was used in the Commodore 128 (C128) computer to generate an 80-column (640 × 200 pixel) RGB video display, running alongside a VIC-II which supported Commodore 64-compatible graphics. The DCR models (as well as a few D-models) of the C128 used the later and more technically advanced 8568 [D]VDC controller.

MOS Technology
MOS Technology, Inc. ("MOS" being short for Metal Oxide Semiconductor), later known as CSG (Commodore Semiconductor Group) and GMT Microelectronics, was a semiconductor design and fabrication company based in Audubon, Pennsylvania. It is most famous for its 6502 microprocessor and various designs for Commodore International's range of home computers.
Pedro Gómez Gómez
Pedro Gómez Gómez (born 28 April 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Gómez Gómez holds a law degree and a degree in accountancy from the Autonomous University of Chiapas.
Between 2011 and 2012, he served as the municipal president of El Bosque, Chiapas.
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the second district of Chiapas during the 62nd session of Congress.

Municipal president
A municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) is the chief of government of municipalities in Mexico. This title was also used in the Philippines during the Spanish and American colonial periods; it is comparable to a mayor of the town or city. The position is comparable to the county executive of a county in the United States or to the mayor of a city in the United States, although the jurisdiction of a presidente municipal includes not only a city but the municipality surrounding it.  Nationally, this position is also equivalent to that of Head of Government of the Federal District and that is why these positions are sometimes referred to as "mayors" in English-language publications.
Hydrogenase
A hydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen (H2), as shown below:

Hydrogen oxidation (1) is coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate, ferric ion, sulfate, carbon dioxide (CO2), and fumarate. On the other hand, proton reduction (2) is coupled to the oxidation of electron donors such as ferredoxin (FNR), and serves to dispose excess electrons in cells (essential in pyruvate fermentation). Both low-molecular weight compounds and proteins such as FNRs, cytochrome c3, and cytochrome c6 can act as physiological electron donors or acceptors for hydrogenases.

Cytochrome
Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor. They are involved in the electron transport chain and redox catalysis. They are classified according to the type of heme and its mode of binding. Four varieties are recognized by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB), cytochromes a, cytochromes b, cytochromes c and cytochrome d.

Cytochrome function is linked to the reversible redox change from ferrous (Fe(II)) to the ferric (Fe(III)) oxidation state of the iron found in the heme core.  In addition to the classification by the IUBMB into four cytochrome classes, several additional classifications such as cytochrome o and cytochrome P450 can be found in biochemical literature.
Blindside (album)
Blindside is the debut studio album by Swedish Christian rock band Blindside, released on Solid State Records in 1997.  It was re-released by DRT Entertainment on May 10, 2005 with four unreleased demo tracks.

DRT Entertainment
DRT Entertainment was a New York City based independent record label founded in March 2004 by Derek Shulman, Ron Urban, and Theodore "Ted" Green. The label is defunct.

The label advertised itself as an "artist friendly hard rock music company for bands with a touring fan base." The company was distributed by Universal Music Group's Fontana Distribution. DRT was also distributed by Universal Music Canada and a variety of companies in the rest of the world including Soulfood in Germany, Shock Records in Australia and JVC Records in Japan.

DRT had one subsidiary label, Brass Tacks Records. It was a vanity label founded by the Street Dogs.

In 2005, it released Alucard Music's "35th Anniversary" editions of many CDs by Gentle Giant, Shulman's former band. (Thirty-five years after the debut album.)

The label closed in 2009.
Mount Vernon Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Mount Vernon Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 3499 West Lehigh Avenue in the East Falls neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1856, is 27 acres in size and contains approximately 33,000 graves. It was neglected for decades by an absentee landlord. No plots have been sold since 1968, it was not open to the public, many graves fell into disrepair and the cemetery became heavily overgrown. In 2021, a Philadelphia judge ordered the cemetery be placed in conservatorship due to neglect.

Absentee landlord
In economics, an absentee landlord is a person who owns and rents out a profit-earning property, but does not live within the property's local economic region. The term "absentee ownership" was popularised by economist Thorstein Veblen's 1923 book of the same name, Absentee Ownership. Overall, tax policy seems to favour absentee ownership. However, some jurisdictions seek to extract money from absentee owners by taxing land. Absentee ownership has sometimes put the absentee owners at risk of loss.
John FitzMarmaduke
Sir John FitzMarmaduke (died 1311), Lord of Horden, Eighton, Lamesley, Ravensholm, and Silksworth, Sheriff of North Durham, and Joint Warden beyond the Scottish Sea between the Firth of Forth and Orkney, was an English knight from Durham.

He was the son of Marmaduke FitzGeoffrey. He fought at the Battle of Falkirk and was at the siege of Caerlaverock Castle. With the Earl of Richmond he was engaged in trying to expel King Robert de Brus from Galloway. The vessel carrying his armour and provisions for Perth was captured off Great Yarmouth. He was the governor of St. John's Town (Perth) from 1310 until his death in 1311. He is buried 	
at St Mary and St Cuthbert Churchyard, Durham, where his alabaster effigy is located.

Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England.  The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the cadet branch of the French Capetian dynasty. The historical ties between the Duchy of Brittany and this English earldom were maintained ceremonially by the Breton dukes even after England ceased to recognize the Breton dukes as earls of England and those dukes rendered homage to the King of France, rather than the English crown. It was then held either by members of the English royal families of  Plantagenet and Tudor, or English nobles closely associated with the English crown. It was eventually merged into the English crown during the reign of Henry VII of England and has been recreated as a dukedom.
Thomas Pond
Thomas Pond is adjacent to U.S. Route 302 on the border of Raymond and Casco, Maine. The shoreline is heavily developed with residences and seasonal cabins, and there is a boat launching area near the highway where the pond overflows into Sebago Lake. White perch, chain pickerel, smallmouth bass, and largemouth bass thrive in the shallow portions of the pond; and land-locked Atlantic salmon use the deeper parts of the pond preying on rainbow smelt.

White perch
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".

The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Dick Kramer
Dick Kramer (born 1 November 1972) is a Dutch former cricketer.

Kramer was born at The Hague in November 1972. A club cricketer for Quick Haag, Kramer made his debut in List A one-day cricket for the Netherlands against Durham in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, an English domestic one-day tournament the Netherlands were invited to take part in. With the Dutch defeating Durham, they advanced to the next round of the competition against Kent, where Kramer claimed the wicket of Andrew Symonds as his first List A wicket. He was selected in the Dutch squad for the 2000 ICC Emerging Nations Tournament, where he made a further four one-day appearances. Against Denmark he took a five wicket haul, with figures of 5 for 26 in a Dutch victory. His final one-day appearance came in the 2000 NatWest Trophy against Lincolnshire. In seven one-day appearances, Kramer took 9 wickets at an average of 27.33.

1999 NatWest Trophy
The 1999 NatWest Trophy was the 19th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 4 May and 29 August 1999. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Somerset by 50 runs in the final at Lord's.
King of Pancrase tournament
The King of Pancrase tournament was a mixed martial arts event held by Pancrase Hybrid Wrestling. It took place at Sumo Hall in Tokyo, Japan on December 16 and 17, 1994. The event was a 16-man tournament to crown the first ever champion of Pancrase.  It featured the opening round and quarterfinals of the tournament on the first day, and the semifinals and finals on the second day.

The tournament was one of the biggest events in mixed martial arts history to that date and featured some of the best fighters in the world at the time, including future Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) champions Bas Rutten, Ken Shamrock, Frank Shamrock, and Maurice Smith, and top Japanese fighters Masakatsu Funaki, Minoru Suzuki and Manabu Yamada.

Maurice Smith (fighter)
Maurice Smith (born December 13, 1961) is a retired American kickboxer and mixed martial artist. In kickboxing, he held the WKC (World Kickboxing Council) world light heavyweight championship, the WKA (World Kickboxing Association) world heavyweight championship, and the ISKA (International Sport Karate Association) world heavyweight championship. In mixed martial arts, he held the Heavyweight championship in Battlecade Extreme Fighting and the UFC, and became a member of the UFC Hall of Fame in 2017. A professional competitor since 1980, Smith has formerly competed in kickboxing for the companies All Japan Enterprise and K-1, Pancrase, RINGS, PRIDE, Strikeforce, International Fight League and RFA.
Farlowella hahni
Farlowella hahni is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay where it occurs in the middle Paraná River basin. This species reaches a standard length of 20.1 cm (7.9 in). The specific name honours Carlos Hahn, a friend of Hermann Meinken's and "fish  connoisseur", of Corrientes who  corresponded with Meinken about fishes and who provided the holotype of this species from his collection.

Corrientes
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes] ⓘ; Guaraní: Taragui, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Buenos Aires and 300 km (186 mi) from Posadas, on National Route 12. It has a population of 346,334 according to the 2010 Census. It lies opposite its twin city, Resistencia, Chaco.

Corrientes has a mix of colonial and modern architecture, several churches and a number of lapacho, ceibo, jacaranda and orange trees. It is also home to one of Argentina's biggest carnival and chamamé celebrations.

The annual average temperature is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimetres (59 in).
History of Italians in Mississippi
The History of Italians in Mississippi is related to the Italian presence and emigration to the State of Mississippi in southern US.
The immense obstacles that these Italian immigrants faced in assimilating into the broader society were far from easy, while also attempting to preserve their identity, culture, and traditions in a new land. Italian immigrants are responsible for developing and contributing to the region now known as Mississippi.

David Hennessy
David C. Hennessy (1858–October 16, 1890) was an American policeman and detective who served as a police chief of New Orleans from 1888 until his death in 1890. As a young detective, he made headlines in 1881 when he captured a notorious Italian criminal, Giuseppe Esposito. In 1888, he was promoted to superintendent and chief of police. While in office he made a number of improvements to the force, and was well known and respected in the New Orleans community.

His assassination in 1890 led to a sensational trial. A series of acquittals and mistrials in March 1891 angered locals, and an enormous mob forced open the prison doors and lynched 11 of the 19 Italian men who had been indicted for Hennessy's murder in the largest known mass lynching in U.S. history.
Kappler
Kappler or Käppler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Kappler (1815–1887), German researcher, naturalist and explorer from Mannheim

Bianca Kappler (born 1977), German long jumper

Chris Kappler (born 1967), American equestrian, showjumper and Olympic gold and silver medalist

Darren Kappler (born 1965), former professional Australian rules footballer

Emanuel Selway "Jack" Kappler (1892–1969), former Australian rules footballer

Herbert Kappler (1907–1978), head of German police and security forces in Rome during World War II

John Kappler (born 1943), professor in the Department of Integrated Immunology at National Jewish Health

Nathalie Käppler (formerly von Lahnstein), fictional character on the German soap opera Verbotene Liebe

Chris Kappler
Chris Kappler (born February 9, 1967) is an American show jumper and horse trainer. He is an Olympic gold and silver medalist, and the winner of over 100 Grand Prixs. He is a founder of the North American Riders Group.
Cherlak, Cherlaksky District, Omsk Oblast
Cherlak (Russian: Черлак; Kazakh: Черлак, Cherlak) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Cherlaksky District of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right (eastern) bank of the Irtysh River, 140 kilometers (87 mi) southeast of Omsk. Population:  10,980 (2010 Census); 12,269 (2002 Census); 11,840 (1989 Soviet census).

Irtysh
The Irtysh (/ɜːrˈtɪʃ, ˈɪərtɪʃ/) is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.

The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia.

The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol, Demyanka and the Ishim. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.
Some Time Ago
Some Time Ago is the 37th album by American jazz vocalist Mark Murphy. It was recorded in 1999 when Murphy was 68 years old and released by the HighNote Records label in the United States in 2000. The album is a collection of jazz bebop tunes and standards with Murphy backed by a jazz quintet.

Don Sickler
Don Sickler (born January 6, 1944) is an American jazz trumpeter, arranger, and producer.

In the 1980s, he set up a tribute band called Dameronia, with Philly Joe Jones, to play the music of Tadd Dameron.

He also worked extensively with Joe Henderson, a collaboration leading to four Grammy Awards.

Sickler and his wife, Maureen Sickler, have been the co-owners of the Van Gelder Studio since 2016, when it was entrusted to Maureen after the death of Rudy Van Gelder.
2010 Pilot Pen Tennis – Women's doubles
Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez were the defending champions but Llagostera Vives chose not to participate this year. As a result, Martínez Sánchez partnered with Arantxa Parra Santonja but they lost 6–2, 6–1 in quarterfinals to Anabel Medina Garrigues and Yan Zi. Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik won in the final against Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Meghann Shaughnessy, 7–5, 6–0.

Nuria Llagostera Vives
Nuria Llagostera Vives (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnuɾja ʎaɣosˈteɾa ˈβiβes]; born 16 May 1980) is a Spanish former tennis player. In June 2005, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 35. In November 2009, she peaked at No. 5 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Gunasekaren Palasamy
Gunasekaren a/l Palasamy is a Malaysian politician who has served as a Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Seremban Jaya since March 2008. He is a member of Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of Pakatan Harapan (PH), formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions.

Malaysian names
Personal names in Malaysia vary greatly according to ethno-cultural group. Personal names are, to a certain degree, regulated by the national registration department, especially since the introduction of the National Registration Identity Card (NRIC).

Malays, Orang Asli, some Bumiputera of Sabah and Sarawak, and Malaysian Indians adopt patronymic naming customs. On the other hand, Malaysian Chinese, some Malays and Bumiputera of Sabah and Sarawak use family names.