hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finite mathematics
In mathematics education, Finite Math is a syllabus in college and university mathematics that is independent of calculus. A course in precalculus may be a prerequisite for Finite Mathematics.

Contents of the course include an eclectic selection of topics often applied in social science and business, such as finite probability spaces, matrix multiplication, Markov processes, finite graphs, or mathematical models. These topics were used in Finite Mathematics courses at Dartmouth College as developed by John G. Kemeny, Gerald L. Thompson, and J. Laurie Snell and published by Prentice-Hall. Other publishers followed with their own topics. With the arrival of software to facilitate computations, teaching and usage shifted from a broad-spectrum Finite Mathematics with paper and pen, into development and usage of software.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Cybex International
Cybex International (NASDAQ: CYBI) was an American fitness equipment manufacturer for commercial and consumer use. It produced mainly cardiovascular and strength equipment such as Arc Trainers, treadmills, stationary bicycles and steppers. Cybex marketed its products through distributors in over 87 countries. The company had over 600 employees and its products were manufactured in their two manufacturing facilities located in Medway, Massachusetts and Owatonna, Minnesota.

Stationary bicycle
A stationary bicycle (also known as exercise bicycle, exercise bike, spinning bike, spin bike, or exercycle) is a device used as exercise equipment for indoor cycling. It includes a saddle, pedals, and some form of handlebars arranged as on a (stationary) bicycle.

Resembling a bicycle without wheels, a stationary bicycle is usually a special-purpose exercise machine that may be adapted for stationary exercise from an ordinary bicycle by placing it on bicycle rollers or a trainer. Rollers and trainers are often used by racing cyclists to warm up before racing, or to train indoors on their own machines.
Gef
Gef (/ˈdʒɛf/ JEF), also referred to as the Talking Mongoose or the Dalby Spook, was an allegedly talking mongoose which inhabited a farmhouse owned by the Irving family, located at Cashen's Gap near the hamlet of Dalby on the Isle of Man. The story was given extensive coverage by the tabloid press in Britain in the early 1930s. The Irvings' claims gained the attention of parapsychologists and ghost hunters, such as Harry Price, Hereward Carrington, and Nandor Fodor. Some investigators of the era as well as contemporary critics have concluded that the phenomenon was a hoax that the Irving family perpetuated by using ventriloquism.

Hereward Carrington
Hereward Carrington (17 October 1880 – 26 December 1958) was an American investigator of psychic phenomena and author. His subjects included several of the most high-profile cases of apparent psychic ability of his times, and he wrote over 100 books on subjects including the paranormal and psychical research, conjuring and stage magic, and alternative medicine. Carrington promoted fruitarianism and held pseudoscientific views about dieting.
Fagan Iron Works
The Fagan Iron Works was an iron foundry owned by Lawrence Fagan located in Hudson County, New Jersey at the turn of the 20th century. Initially located in Hoboken, the main foundry was later moved to Jersey City. Many of the characteristic iron storefronts that line Washington Street were produced by Fagan Iron Works. Notably, the architectural iron for Hoboken City Hall was supplied by Mansfield & Fagan, the predecessor to the Fagan Iron Works.

Hoboken City Hall
Hoboken City Hall, is located in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The building was designed by Francis G. Himpler and was built in 1883. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 1, 1976. The building is a Second Empire structure modified to a Beaux Art Classicism design.
Pandemis dumetana
Pandemis dumetana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Hubei, Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan), South Korea, Japan, Russia, northern India, almost all of Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, southern Siberia and Transcaucasia. The habitat consists of woodlands, fruit farms, orchards and gardens.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm for males and 19–22 mm for females. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Cerylus heterophyllus, Chenopodium album, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Fraxinus mandshurica, Glycine max, Juglans mandschurica, Lysimachia clethroides, Malus pumila, Mentha, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Sanguisarba officinalis, Spiraea salicifolia, Thalictrum and Agastache rugosus.

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album is a fast-growing annual plant in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot, wild spinach and fat-hen, though several are also applied to other species of the genus Chenopodium, for which reason it is often distinguished as white goosefoot.
Mylanie Barré
Mylanie Barré (born July 25, 1979) is a Canadian sprint kayaker who has competed since the mid-2000s. She won a bronze medal in the K-2 1000 m event at the 2003 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Gainesville.

Barré also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning her best finish of seventh in the K-2 500 m event at Athens in 2004.

Born in Budapest, Hungary, her parents also competed in the Summer Olympics. Barré's father, Denis, earned his best finish of eighth in the K-2 1000 m event at Montreal in 1976. Her mother, Alexandra, won two medals at Los Angeles in 1984 with a silver in the K-2 500 m and a bronze in the K-4 500 m events.

2003 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2003 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held September 10–14, 2003 in Gainesville, Georgia, United States at Lake Lanier. Located north of Atlanta, this was also where the canoe sprint and rowing events for the 1996 Summer Olympics took place.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Women competed in nine events, all in kayak.

This was the 33rd championships in canoe sprint.
Mark Turpin (tennis)
Mark Russell Turpin (February 4, 1957 – August 6, 2021) was an American professional tennis player.

Turpin, born in Clinton, Oklahoma, was the middle son of Texas Tennis Hall of Fame inductee Jack Turpin and a brother of professional tennis player Jeff Turpin. Raised in Dallas, Turpin was a main draw qualifier for the 1978 US Open and played collegiate tennis for Southern Methodist University, earning All-American honors as a senior in 1979. He competed briefly in professional tennis and had a best singles world ranking of 211.

1978 US Open (tennis)
The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the West Side Tennis Club venue in Forest Hills since 1915. It was also the first time the tournament was played on hard courts, as opposed to much of its history on grass and a brief stint, from 1975 through 1977, on clay.
Cadorin
Cadorin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chrissy Cadorin (born 1980), Canadian curler

Ettore Cadorin (1876–1952), American sculptor and teacher

Ludovico Cadorin (1824–1892), Italian architect

Mattia Cadorin (mid-17th century), Italian engraver and publisher

Serge Cadorin (1961–2007), Belgian footballer

Ettore Cadorin
Ettore Cadorin (March 1, 1876 – June 18, 1952) was an American sculptor and teacher born in Venice. His father Vincenzo Cadorin was a woodcarver and his first teacher. He went on to study at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice where he studied with Antonio Dal Zòtto (1841–1918), followed by further studies in Rome and Paris.
Potter Hollow District No. 19 School
Potter Hollow District No. 19 School is a historic one-room school building located near Potter Hollow, Albany County, New York.  It was built in 1853, and is a 1 1/2-story, rectangular timber frame building on a stone foundation.  It is three bays wide and five bays wide, with a steeply pitched gable roof and belfry.

It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Criticism of multiculturalism
Criticism of multiculturalism questions the ideal of the hegemonic maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a country. Multiculturalism is a particular subject of debate in certain European nations that are associated with the idea of a nation state. Critics of multiculturalism may argue against cultural integration of different ethnic and cultural groups to the existing laws and values of the country. Alternatively critics may argue for assimilation of different ethnic and cultural groups to a single national identity. Others may put forward different alternatives again—such as Interculturalism, Racial color blindness, Polyculturalism, Cosmopolitanism, Integration of immigrants, Transnationalism, Integrative Anti-racism or Ethnonationalism.

Polyculturalism
Polyculturalism is an ideological approach to the consequences of intercultural engagements within a geographical area which emphasises similarities between, and the enduring interconnectedness of, groups which self-identify as distinct, thus blurring the boundaries which may be perceived by members of those groups.

The concept of polyculturalism was first proposed by Robin Kelley and Vijay Prashad. It differs from multiculturalism which instead emphasises the separateness of the identities of self-identifying cultural groups with an aim of preserving and celebrating their differences in spite of interactions between them. Supporters of polyculturalism oppose multiculturalism, arguing that the latter's emphasis on difference and separateness is divisive and harmful to social cohesion.

Polyculturalism was the subject of the 2001 book Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity by Vijay Prashad.
Roman Bürki
Roman Bürki (born 14 November 1990) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Major League Soccer club St. Louis City SC. From 2014 to 2018, he played for the Switzerland national team.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.
Cornudella de Montsant
Cornudella de Montsant (Catalan pronunciation: [koɾnuˈðeʎa ðe monˈsan]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Priorat in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the north-west of the comarca below the Montsant range and the Prades Mountains. The Siurana reservoir is on the territory of the municipality and supplies its drinking water.

It has a population of 1,023 (register office, 2024) .

Sites near to the village include the Sant Joan del Codolar Hermitage. The village derives income from tourism and agriculture, particularly wine and hazelnuts.  Cornudella de Montsant is at the centre of one of the world's major rock climbing regions.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Aaron Lopiansky
Aaron Lopiansky (Hebrew: אהרן לופיאנסקי), born September 1953, also known as Rav Ahron, is an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, author, posek, and Rosh Yeshiva at the Yeshiva of Greater Washington – Tiferes Gedaliah. He has written more than 20 works on Torah thought, liturgy, and philosophy.

Posek
In Jewish law, a posek (Hebrew: פוסק [poˈsek], pl. poskim, פוסקים‎ [posˈkim]) is a legal scholar who determines the application of halakha, the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah, in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities are inconclusive, or in those situations where no clear halakhic precedent exists.

The decision of a posek is known as a psak halakha ("ruling of law"; pl. piskei halakha) or simply a "psak". Piskei halakha are generally recorded in the responsa literature.
Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai
Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai is a monastic organisation. The motto of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission is "For one's own salvation and for the welfare of the world". The math in Chennai is the first branch center of the Ramakrishna Order in Southern India. It was established in 1897 by Swami Ramakrishnananda, one of the direct disciples of Sri Ramakrishna. Besides Swami Ramakrishnananda, the Math was visited by  Sri Sarada Devi, Swami Nirmalananda, Swami Shivananda, Swami Abhedananda, Swami Premananda, Swami Niranjanananda, Swami Trigunatitananda, and Swami Vijnanananda.

Nirmalananda
Nirmalananda, born as Tulasi Charan Dutta in Calcutta, was a direct disciple of Ramakrishna, the 19th-century mystic and Hindu saint from India, and took Sanyasa (monastic vows) from Vivekananda along with Brahmananda and others. He was initiated by Sri Ramakrishna, on which fact a few latter-day antagonists tried to cast doubt in the Bangalore Court, but into which question the Court refused to get into. Nirmalananda played a key role in establishing Ramakrishna Math and Mission chiefly in South India, in Kerala and Bangalore and Tamil Nadu and also in the USA (in Brooklyn), Burma and Bangladesh (Life of Swami Nirmalananda and old issues of Prabuddha Bharata).
Kapil Singh Lalwani
Kapil Singh Lalwani (born 1 November 1990) is an Indian actor who appears in TV serials like Kundali Bhagya and Bade Achhe Lagte Hain. He is famous for playing Hirnasur in 2017 TV series Chandrakanta. Lalwani has also worked in Rajinikanth's film Darbar.

Kundali Bhagya
Kundali Bhagya (transl. The Fate of Our Horoscope) is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series created by Ekta Kapoor and produced by Balaji Telefilms. A spin-off of Kumkum Bhagya, it premiered on 12 July 2017 on Zee TV. The show featured Shraddha Arya, Dheeraj Dhoopar, Manit Joura, Shakti Arora, Shakti Anand, Paras Kalnawat, Sana Sayyad, Baseer Ali, and Adrija Roy. After a successful run of 7.5 Years The Show Ended On 6th December 2024 Completing 2048 Episodes With an Abrupt and sad ending.
Basketball at the 2023 Pacific Games – Men's tournament
The men's basketball tournament at the 2023 Pacific Games was the 17th edition of the event for men at the Pacific Games. It was held from 17 to 25 November 2023. All games were played at the Friendship Hall in Honiara, Solomon Islands.

Fiji ended their 16-year title drought by upsetting the defending champions Guam in the championship match, 51-47, winning their only second Gold Medal in the Games' Men's Basketball tournament. Meanwhile, New Caledonia notches their fourth Bronze Medal overall after thrashing the defending Bronze Medallists Samoa in the Battle for Third Place, 97-61.

As this tournament served as the official qualifiers of the Oceania region to the FIBA Asia Cup Pre-Qualifiers, both Finalists earned their slots to the 2029 FIBA Asia Cup qualification wherein they will be participating in the First Round, which will happen on 2026.

New Caledonia men's national basketball team
The New Caledonia national basketball team are the basketball side that represent New Caledonia in international competitions, organized and run by the Région Fédérale de Nouvelle Calédonie de Basketball. (New Caledonia Basketball Federation)

Judged by the medals at the Oceania Basketball Tournament, New Caledonia is Oceania's fourth most successful basketball nation (only behind Australia, New Zealand,  Guam and tied with the remaining others in last place).
Alpine skiing at the 2006 Winter Paralympics – Men's giant slalom
Men's giant slalom events at the 2006 Winter Paralympics were contested at Sestriere on 16 & 17 March.

There were 3 events. Each was contested by skiers from a range of disability classes, and the standings were decided by applying a disability factor to the actual times achieved. All times shown below are calculated times, except for the final "Real Time" column.

Germany at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Germany participated in the ninth Winter Paralympics in Turin, Italy.

Germany entered 35 athletes in the following sports:

Alpine skiing: 8 male, 4 female

Ice sledge hockey: 14 male

Nordic skiing: 8 male, 1 female
1755 Lorbach
1755 Lorbach, provisional designation 1936 VD, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 8 November 1936, by French astronomer Marguerite Laugier at Nice Observatory in southeastern France, and named after Anne Lorbach Herget, wife of astronomer Paul Herget.

Nice Observatory
The Nice Observatory (French: Observatoire de Nice) is an astronomical observatory located in Nice, France, on the summit of Mount Gros. The observatory was founded in 1879, by the banker Raphaël Bischoffsheim. The architect was Charles Garnier, and Gustave Eiffel designed the main dome.

In 1886 the largest refracting (i.e., with an objective lens rather than a mirror) telescope in the World made its debut at Nice Observatory, the Grand Lunette.
Nencini
Nencini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Nencini (born 1948), Italian volleyball player

Gastone Nencini (1930–1980), Italian cyclist

Lorenzo Nencini (1806–1854), Italian sculptor

Riccardo Nencini (born 1959), Italian politician

Andrea Nencini
Andrea Nencini (born 25 December 1948) is a retired Italian volleyball player. He was part of the Italian teams that won the 1970 Summer Universiade and finished second at the 1975 Mediterranean Games and eighth at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Indiana Hoosiers baseball statistical leaders
The Indiana Hoosiers baseball statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Indiana Hoosiers baseball program in various categories, including batting average, home runs, runs batted in, runs, hits, stolen bases, ERA, and Strikeouts. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders.  Single game records from 1989 to present.  The Hoosiers represent Indiana University in the NCAA's Big Ten Conference.

Indiana began competing in intercollegiate baseball in 1895.  These lists are updated through the end of the 2025 season.

Indiana Hoosiers baseball
The Indiana Hoosiers baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference.  The team plays at Bart Kaufman Field, which opened for the 2013 season.

In conference postseason play, Indiana has won four Big Ten Conference baseball tournaments and made eight NCAA Regionals appearances, including one College World Series appearance in 2013. In regular season play, the Hoosiers have won seven Big Ten Conference titles.Sembower Field. Coached by Jeff Mercer since 2018, the program has captured seven Big Ten regular-season titles (1925, 1932, 1938, 1949, 2013, 2014, 2019) and four Big Ten tournament championships (1996, 2009, 2013, 2014) .
Nancy Turner
Nancy Jean Turner CM OBC FRSC FLS (born 1947) is a Canadian ethnobiologist, originally qualified in botany, who has done extensive research work with the indigenous peoples of British Columbia, the results of which she has documented in a number of books and numerous articles.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Barbara Špiler
Barbara Špiler (born 2 January 1992 in Brežice, Slovenia) is a Slovenian athlete who competes in the hammer throw. Špiler represented Slovenia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she finished 29th in the qualification round.

She participated in the 2013 and 2019 World Championships, and the 2012, 2014 and 2016 European Championships.

2012 European Athletics Championships
The 2012 European Athletics Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland between 27 June and 1 July 2012. This edition marks the beginning of a new two-year cycle of the European Athletics Championships which were previously held every four years.

The decision to grant the games for Helsinki was made by the European Athletics Congress on 9 November 2009. Another city that showed interest in hosting the event was Nuremberg, Germany, however Helsinki was in pole position during the whole process. This was the third time that the city had hosted the event, 1971 and 1994 being the other occasions.

Due to 2012 being an Olympic year, there were no racewalking and marathon competitions.