hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Back in Time (iOS software)
Back in Time is an education book app for iOS about the history of the universe, earth, life and mankind that uses a time analogy to explain different timescales. Released on September 22, 2011, it was developed by the software company Landka in collaboration with scientific institutions such as ESA/Hubble Space Telescope. The app was featured worldwide in the App Store and rapidly became a success, reaching the top sales of iPad book apps in 38 countries. Back in Time was distinguished by The New York Times and selected for the top 10 apps of the year. In 2012 it was recognized with a World Summit Award (UN based initiative).

Age of the universe
In Big Bang models of physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the cosmological time back to the point when the scale factor of the universe extrapolates to zero. Modern models calculate the age now as 13.863 billion years. Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the cosmic microwave background. The other is based on the distance and relative velocity of a series or "ladder" of different kinds of stars, making it depend on local measurements late in the history of the universe. 
These two methods give slightly different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
Cavite's 4th congressional district
Cavite's 4th congressional district is one of the eight congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Cavite. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2010. It consists of only the city of Dasmariñas. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Kiko Barzaga, an independent.

The district was officially referred to as Dasmariñas's at-large congressional district from its creation in 2009 until 2019.

20th Congress of the Philippines
The 20th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikadalawampung Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, is the current meeting of Congress convened on July 28, 2025. The 20th Congress is the meeting during the last three years of Bongbong Marcos's presidency, and will end on June 7, 2028. The convening of the 20th Congress followed the 2025 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives continues to meet in the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The Senate will remain meeting in the GSIS Building before transferring to the New Senate Building in Taguig by 2028.
Susan Batson
Susan Batson is an American producer, actress, author, acting coach, and a life member of the Actors Studio. Batson graduated from Girls Latin School and Emerson College.

One of three sisters born to John Batson and Ruth (Watson) Batson (the latter a noted civil rights activist), Susan trained with Harold Clurman, Uta Hagen, Herbert Berghof at HB Studio, and Lee Strasberg. She has coached notable actresses including Academy Award (Oscar)-winning actresses Nicole Kidman and Juliette Binoche.

Batson won the 1971 Obie Award for her performance in AC-DC. On Broadway, she performed in George M! (1968) and The Leaf People (1975), and produced the 2006 production of A Raisin in the Sun. Her work in Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Award for her.

Coaching
Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.
Flora (Prague Metro)
50°4′39.47″N 14°27′40.45″E﻿ / ﻿50.0776306°N 14.4612361°E﻿ / 50.0776306; 14.4612361

Flora is a Prague Metro station on Line A. It is located under the shopping mall Atrium Flora, on the border of the Vinohrady and Žižkov districts near the Olšany Cemetery. The station was opened on 19 December 1980 as part of the extension of the line between Náměstí Míru and Želivského.

Olšany Cemetery
Olšany Cemetery (Czech: Olšanské hřbitovy, German: Wolschaner Friedhof) is a graveyard in Prague, Czech Republic. With an area of more than 50 ha (120 acres), it is the largest cemetery in the country. Since it was founded in 1680, around two million people have been buried here.

There are many architecturally valuable tombstones here, the most significant of which are those in the Art Nouveau style. The most valuable part is the honorary burial grounds of Allied armies and freedom fighters, which is protected as a national cultural monument.
Albert Smith (New South Wales politician)
Albert Frank Smith (23 October 1885 – 15 October 1975) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Cundletown to farmer William John Everingham Smith and Margaret Alicia, née Small. He was educated locally and joined the Postmaster-General's department, working as a telegraph messenger at Burraga from 1900 to 1901 and a clerk in the accounts branch from 1901 to 1913. He joined the Australian Imperial Force in 1914 and was severely wounded at Gallipoli, being invalided home. He returned to active service in 1916 but was wounded again in 1917, becoming an instructor of the Signal Engineers' School and aide-de-camp to General Gustave Ramaciotti. After the war he was closely involved with the Returned Serviceman's League and other veterans' groups. In 1920 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a Nationalist member for Balmain, but he was defeated in 1922. He died in 1975 in Normanhurst.

Returned and Services League of Australia
The Returned & Services League of Australia, also known as the RSL, RSL Australia and RSLA, has the primary purpose of promoting the interests and welfare of current and former serving members of the Australian Defence Force, as well as their dependants. As of 2025, it had more than 150,000 members. Through its branches and affiliated local clubs across Australia, the RSL offers camaraderie as well as direct financial aid, mental health support, housing assistance, and help with employment and transitioning to civilian life. It also assists veterans in navigating entitlements and benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs. It organises and supports major events such as ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day to honour and preserve the memory of the men and women who served in the defence of Australia. The RSL also lobbies Australian federal and state governments on policies and issues affecting veterans' welfare, and advocates for the broader defence community.
Schedule of values
A Schedule of Values (SOV) is a detailed list of how much different tasks are worth in a large project, especially in construction. SOVs are used for billing the client prior to the completion of the overall project to maintain cashflow for the general contractor.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war
The origins of the Sri Lankan civil war lie in the continuous political rancor between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Sri Lankan Tamils. The war has been described by social anthropologist Jonathan Spencer as an outcome of how modern ethnic identities have been made and re-made since the colonial period, with the political struggle between minority Tamils and the Sinhalese-dominant government accompanied by rhetorical wars over archeological sites and place name etymologies, and the political use of the national past.

Sri Lankan place name etymology
Sri Lankan place name etymology is characterized by the linguistic and ethnic diversity of the island of Sri Lanka through the ages and the position of the country in the centre of ancient and medieval sea trade routes. While typical Sri Lankan placenames of Sinhalese origin vastly dominate, toponyms which stem from Tamil, Dutch, English, Portuguese and Arabic also exist. In the past, the many composite or hybrid place names and the juxtaposition of Sinhala and Tamil placenames reflected the coexistence of people of both language groups. Today, however, toponyms and their etymologies are a source of heated political debate in the country as part of the political struggles between the majority Sinhalese  and minority Sri Lankan Tamils.
Liurana vallecula
The valley papilla-tongued frog (Liurana vallecula) is a frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae endemic to Tibet. Scientists know it exclusively from the type locality in Medog County. Scientists have seen it 550 meters above sea level.

Mêdog County
Mêdog (Tibetan: མེ་ཏོག་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 墨脱县), formerly known as Pemako (Tibetan: པདྨ་བཀོད་, Wylie: pad ma bkod, THL: Pémakö, ZWPY: Bämagö lit. "Lotus Array"), is a county of Nyingchi in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Pemako is considered famous because it is the Nyingma master Dudjom Rinpoche's birthplace, and it is a prophesied refuge for Tibetan Buddhists by Padmasambhava.
IonQ
IonQ, Inc. is an American quantum computing hardware and software company headquartered in College Park, Maryland. The company develops general-purpose trapped ion quantum computers and accompanying software to generate, optimize, and execute quantum circuits.

Quantum circuit
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria.

Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items that are connected by these lines are operations performed on the qubits, such as measurements or gates. These lines define the sequence of events, and are usually not physical cables.

The graphical depiction of quantum circuit elements is described using a variant of the Penrose graphical notation. Richard Feynman used an early version of the quantum circuit notation in 1986.
When I Am Dead and Gone
When I Am Dead and Gone (Serbo-Croatian: Kad budem mrtav i beo, Serbian Cyrillic: Кад будем мртав и бео) is a 1967 Yugoslav film directed by Živojin Pavlović and written by Ljubiša Kozomara and Gordan Mihić. It stars famous Serbian actors Dragan Nikolić and Ružica Sokić.

When I Am Dead and Gone is considered by critics to be one of the greatest achievements of the Yugoslav Black Wave. The Yugoslav Film Archive officially listed it as the second-best Yugoslav film of all time.

Živojin Pavlović
Živojin "Žika" Pavlović (15 April 1933 – 29 November 1998) was a Yugoslav and Serbian film director, writer, painter and professor. In his films and novels, Pavlović depicted the cruel reality of small, poor and abandoned people living in the corners of society. He was one of the major figures of the Black Wave in Yugoslav cinema in the 1960s, a movement which portrayed the darker side of life rather than the shiny facades of communist Yugoslavia.
Apalon
Apalon (Pwo Eastern Karen: အ်ုပၠုံ) is a village alongside the Zami River in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, Karen State, south-eastern Myanmar. The areas around Apalon are mountainous and forested. It is located on the Death Railway.

Apalon (also: Camp 82 Kilo) was a Japanese prisoner of war work camp during World War II. The camp was initially used for the construction of a 50 metres steel bridge. It served as the headquarters of group 5. The first prisoners arrived in May 1943. From July 1944 onwards, it served as a repair shop for locomotives. The camp closed in August 1945.

Kyain Seikgyi District
Kyainseikgyi Township (Phlone: လာ့တ်ုကဝ်သၞေဝ်ဖါဍောဟ်ဍုံကၞင့်; Burmese: ကြာအင်းဆိပ်ကြီးမြို့နယ်, pronounced [tɕàʔɪ́ɰ̃sʰeɪʔtɕí mjo̰nɛ̀]) is the only township of Kyain Seikkyi District (Burmese: ကြာအင်းဆိပ်ကြီးခရိုင်) in southern Kayin State of Myanmar. It is the fourth-biggest township in Kayin State. The two main sub-towns are Kyeikdon and Payathonsu. It is drained by the Zami, Winyaw and the Haungtharaw rivers.

The basic education high schools located within Kyain Seikgyi Township are BEHS Kyainnseikyi, B.E.H.S-Tagondaing, BEHS Kale, BEHS Hparpya, BEHS Anankwin, BEHS Kyaikdon, BEHS Azin, BEHS Kyakhatchaung, BEHS Thanpayar, BEHS Taungpauk and BEHS Payathonzu. The main hospitals are Kya Inn Seikyi township public hospital, Kale-Tagundaing Station Hospital, Kyaikdon Station hospital, Payathonzu Station Hospital.
Charax stenopterus
Charax stenopterus is species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a characin, belonging to the family Characidae. This species is found in South America where it occurs in the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers and some coastal drainages in southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is found in streams with slow flows, canals lagoons and reservoirs with dense aquatic vegetation. Its diet is mainly composed of insects. This species reaches a maximum standard length of 9.4 cm (3.7 in).

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Ystrad Fflur
Ystrad Fflur (Welsh for 'valley of flowers') is a hamlet and community in Ceredigion, Wales, south-east of Aberystwyth. The community includes the villages of Pontrhydfendigaid and Ffair Rhos. Strata Florida Abbey is located in the vicinity.

Ystrad Fflur is part of the Ceredigion constituency, represented as of 2025 in the Senedd by Elin Jones and in the House of Commons by Ben Lake, both of Plaid Cymru.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
Malawi News Agency
The Malawi News Agency (MANA) is the national news agency of Malawi. It is overseen by the Ministry of Information. It is administered by the Director of Information and Civic Education. It is the largest news network in Malawi and has offices in all regions and districts in Malawi.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Frank Ward (cricketer, born 1865)
Frank Ward (9 January 1865 – unknown) was an English cricketer active from 1884 to 1896 who played for Lancashire. He was born in Carlisle. He appeared in 47 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. He scored 986 runs with a highest score of 145 and held 11 catches. He took 27 wickets with a best analysis of four for 14.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Homoranthus inopinatus
Homoranthus inopinatus is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a small area in southern Queensland. It is an upright shrub with linear leaves and with groups of three to six flowers in leaf axils near the end of branchlets. It is only known from a single small population on private property near Ballandean.

Ballandean, Queensland
Ballandean is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. The town has a number of nearby vineyards which attract tourists to the area. In the 2021 census, the locality of Ballandean had a population of 316 people.
Bingham Rural District
Bingham was a rural district in Nottinghamshire, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was created under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Bingham rural sanitary district.  It took in the parish of Gamston from Basford Rural District in 1935, and lost the parish of Edwalton to West Bridgford.

The district continued until 1974 when under the Local Government Act 1972 it was abolished, going to form part of the Rushcliffe district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Dordoy Bazaar
42°56′00″N 74°37′15″E﻿ / ﻿42.93333°N 74.62083°E﻿ / 42.93333; 74.62083
Dordoy Bazaar (Kyrgyz: Дордой Базары, romanized: Dordoi Bazary; Russian: Рынок Дордой) is a large wholesale and retail market in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The largest bazaar in Kyrgyzstan, it is one of Asia's greatest public marketplaces, comparable to Bangkok's Chatuchak Weekend Market or Tehran's Grand Bazaar.

Dordoy Bazaar is a major shopping and employment centre for the Bishkek metropolitan area and entire Chuy River Valley region. It is also one of the main entrepôts through which consumer goods from China arrive at shops and markets in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. According to some economists, this re-export (the other center for which, targeting Uzbekistan, is the Karasuu Bazar at Kara-Suu, Osh Region) is one of two largest economic activities of Kyrgyzstan.

Osh Region
Osh is a region of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Osh, which is not part of the region. It is bounded (clockwise) by Jalal-Abad Region, Naryn Region, China (Xinjiang), Tajikistan (Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region), Batken Region, and Uzbekistan (Andijan and Fergana Regions). Its total area is 28,934 km2 (11,171 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,391,649 as of January 2021. According to the 2009 census, 28% of the total population are ethnic Uzbeks.
1982 Tournament Players Championship
The 1982 Tournament Players Championship was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour, held March 18–21 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, southeast of Jacksonville. It was the ninth Tournament Players Championship and the first at the new course.

Playing an orange ball, Jerry Pate shot a final round 67 (−5) to win by two strokes over runners-up Scott Simpson and Brad Bryant. Pate started the final round three strokes behind the leaders, in a tie for sixth place. Following his win, Pate pushed tour commissioner Deane Beman and course designer Pete Dye into the lake along the 18th green, and then joined them.

Notables to miss the cut included hall of famers Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, and Lee Trevino. Defending champion Raymond Floyd finished 11 strokes back, in a tie for 22nd place.

Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida
Ponte Vedra Beach is a large island unincorporated community and suburb of Jacksonville, Florida located on San Pablo Island in St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Located in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, 18 miles (29 km) southeast of downtown Jacksonville and 26 miles (42 km) north of St. Augustine, it is part of the Jacksonville Beaches area, and is situated on San Pablo Island.

The area is known for its seaside resorts, including the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club, the Lodge and Club, and the Marriott at Sawgrass. It lies within St. Johns County, which is the wealthiest county in Florida. Ponte Vedra Beach is an upper-income tourist resort area best known for its association with golf and is home to the PGA Tour and  The Players Championship, hosted at TPC Sawgrass.
Bill Bradford (pitcher)
William D. Bradford (August 28, 1921 – August 22, 2000) was an American relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in one game for the Kansas City Athletics during the 1956 season. Listed at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), 180 lb., Bradford batted and threw right-handed.

On April 24, 1956, Bradford debuted with the Athletics in the eight inning of a game against the Detroit Tigers. In two innings of work, he allowed two earned runs on two hits with a walk and no strikeouts, and never appeared in a major league game again.

Kansas City Athletics
The Kansas City Athletics were a Major League Baseball team that played in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1955 to 1967, having previously played in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the Philadelphia Athletics. After moving to Oakland, California in 1967, the team became the Oakland Athletics. In 2025, the team moved to West Sacramento, California as the Athletics, and plans ultimately to move to the Las Vegas metropolitan area.

The Kansas City franchise played at Municipal Stadium from 1955 to 1967.

The Kansas City Athletics had an overall win–loss record of 829–1,224–7 (.404) during their 13 years in Kansas City. Four Kansas City Athletics players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, Reggie Jackson, Enos Slaughter, and Catfish Hunter.