hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julius Kollmann
Julius Kollmann (24 February 1834, Holzheim am Forst – 24 June 1918, Basel) was a German anatomist, zoologist and anthropologist.

He studied at the universities of Munich and Berlin, then furthered his education in London and Paris. In 1859 he received his doctorate, qualifying as lecturer at Munich in 1862. Beginning in 1878, he served as a full professor of anatomy at the University of Basel. In 1888 he was chosen as university rector.

Known for his work in the fields of descriptive anatomy and histology, he eventually became associated with studies involving evolutionary theory, developmental history and anthropology. In 1884 Kollmann introduced the term "neoteny" to define the transformation process where animals such as newts mature sexually while still in the larval form. As an anthropologist, he conducted analyses of prehistoric skulls found at Auvernier and Schweizersbild.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Rhinegold (2022 film)
Rhinegold (German: Rheingold) is a 2022 German biographical gangster drama film written and directed by Fatih Akin and starring Emilio Sakraya. The film follows the life of Iranian-Kurdish hip-hop rapper, entrepreneur, and ex-convict Giwar Hajabi also known as Xatar. It premiered at the Filmfest Hamburg in October 2022 and had its Korean premiere at BIFAN on 3 July 2023.

Gangster film
A gangster film or gangster movie is a film belonging to a genre that focuses on gangs and organized crime. It is a subgenre of crime film, that may involve large criminal organizations, or small gangs formed to perform certain illegal acts. The genre is differentiated from Westerns and the gangs of that genre.
William Levett (rector of Buxted)
William Levett (ca. 1495 – 1554) was an English clergyman. An Oxford-educated country rector, he was a pivotal figure in the use of the blast furnace to manufacture iron. With the patronage of the English Crown, furnaces in Sussex under Levett's ownership cast the first iron muzzle-loader cannons in England in 1543, a development which enabled England to ultimately reconfigure the global balance-of-power by becoming an ascendant naval force. William Levett continued to perform his ministerial duties while building an early munitions empire, and left the riches he accumulated to a wide variety of charities at his death.

Muzzle-loading rifle
A muzzle-loading rifle is a muzzle-loaded small arm that has a rifled barrel rather than a smoothbore, and is loaded from the muzzle of the barrel rather than the breech. Historically they were developed when rifled barrels were introduced by the 1740's, which offered higher accuracy than the earlier smoothbores. The American longrifle evolved from the German "Jäger" rifle; a popularly recognizable form of the "muzzleloader" was the Kentucky Rifle. Although by definition they must be reloaded after each shot in a time-consuming fashion, they are still produced for hunting.

Comparable artillery pieces are termed rifled muzzle loader (RML).
Jakob van der Schley
Jakob van der Schley aka Jakob van Schley (26 July 1715 Amsterdam – 7 February 1779 Amsterdam) was a Dutch draughtsman and engraver. He studied under Bernard Picart (1673-1733) whose style he subsequently copied. His main interests were engraving portraits and producing illustrations for "La Vie de Marianne" by Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (1688-1763), published in The Hague between 1735 and 1747. He also engraved the frontispieces for a 15-volume edition of the complete works of Pierre de Brantôme (1540-1614), "Oeuvres du seigneur de Brantôme", published in The Hague in 1740. Most of the plates in the Hague edition of Prévost's "Histoire générale des voyages" are signed by van der Schley. He cooperated with Prosper Marchand who owned many of his prints. One of his most famous print is L’Imprimerie, 1739.

Pierre de Marivaux
Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (/mærɪˈvoʊ/; French: [pjɛʁ kaʁlɛ də ʃɑ̃blɛ̃ də maʁivo]; 4 February 1688 – 12 February 1763), commonly referred to as Marivaux, was a French playwright and novelist.

Marivaux is considered one of the most important French playwrights of the 18th century, writing numerous comedies for the Comédie-Française and the Comédie-Italienne of Paris. His most important works are Le Triomphe de l'amour, Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard and Les Fausses Confidences. He also published a number of essays and two important but unfinished novels, La Vie de Marianne and Le Paysan parvenu.
Oxford Book of Contemporary Verse
The Oxford Book of Contemporary Verse, edited by D. J. Enright, is a poetry anthology from 1980, published by Oxford University Press. It might be considered one of the "last words" from a founder-member of The Movement, with its comments in the Introduction still in an anti-romantic vein, and that "the editor remains unpersuaded that wit is necessarily evasive in some shabby way or emotionally lowering". It was reissued in 1995 under the title Oxford Book of Verse 1945–1980 (ISBN 0-19-283188-7).

Wit
Wit is a form of intelligent humour—the ability to say or write things that are clever and typically funny. Someone witty, also known as a wit, is a person skilled at wit, making spontaneous one-line or single-phrase jokes. Forms of wit include the quip, repartee, and wisecrack.
Michigan wine
Michigan wine refers to any wine that is made in the state of Michigan in the United States. As of 2020, there were 3,375 acres (1,366 ha) under wine-grape cultivation and over 200 commercial wineries in Michigan, producing 3 million US gallons (11,000,000 L) of wine.  According to another count there were 112 operating wineries in Michigan in 2007.

Wine and enotourism were estimated in 2017 to have an economic impact of $5.4 billion, up from $300 million in 2007. Most of the quality bottled wine of Michigan is produced in the five American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Fennville AVA, Lake Michigan Shore AVA, Leelanau Peninsula AVA, Old Mission Peninsula AVA, and the Tip of the Mitt AVA.  There are also a few disjunct wineries in every region of the state, including some in the Upper Peninsula that have opened over the past several years. In addition to grape wine, Michigan is a leader in the production of fruit wines such as cherry wine.

Wine tourism
Wine tourism, enotourism, oenotourism, or vinitourism is tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting, consumption or purchase of wine, often at or near the source. Unlike other forms of tourism, which are often passive, enotourism may include activities such as visiting wineries, wine tasting , vineyard tours, or actively participating in the wine harvest.
Neil Wolfe
Thomas Neil Wolfe MNZM (born 20 October 1941) is a former New Zealand rugby union player, businessman, sports administrator and local politician. He played 14 matches, including six Tests, for the New Zealand national rugby team, the All Blacks, between 1961 and 1968. He was active in sports administration, including as president of the Taranaki Rugby Union and the Taranaki Jockey Club, and served as a New Plymouth district councillor between 2004 and 2010.

New Plymouth District Council
New Plymouth District Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Ngāmotu) is the territorial authority for the New Plymouth District of New Zealand.

The council consists of the mayor of New Plymouth, Max Brough, and 14 ward councillors.
Optimot
Optimot (pronounced oop-tee-MOT), linguistic inquiries, is a service provided by the Directorate - General of Linguistic Policy of the Catalan Government in collaboration with the Institute for Catalan Studies and the Terminology Center TERMCAT. It consists of a search engine for linguistic information that helps to clarify doubts about the Catalan language. With Optimot different sources can be checked at the same time in an integrated way. When the search options provided by Optimot do not manage to answer the linguistic question, a personalized inquiry service can be accessed.

Institute for Catalan Studies
The Institute for Catalan Studies (Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans [instiˈtud dəsˈtuðis kətəˈlans]), also known by the acronym IEC, is an academic institution which seeks to undertake research and study into "all elements of Catalan culture". It is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Chrysoritis zonarius
Chrysoritis zonarius, the donkey daisy copper or Coetzer's daisy copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, along the coast and inland from the Cape Peninsula, north-west to Paleisheuwel and Lambert's Bay and along the hills to the Western Cape.

The wingspan measures 18–22 mm for males and 20–24 mm for females. The adult butterflies are active from September to November. There is one generation of this species per year.

The larvae feed on Chrysanthemoides incana. They are attended to by Crematogaster peringueyi ants.

Osteospermum
Osteospermum /ˌɒstiəˈspɜːrməm, -tioʊ-/, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower/daisy family Asteraceae. They are known as the daisybushes or African daisies. Its species have been given several common names, including African daisy, South African daisy, Cape daisy and blue-eyed daisy. The name Cape daisy is also applied to Dimorphotheca pluvialis.

In horticulture, several widely cultivated species continue to be sold, grown and referred to as Osteospermum, however some of these species have been scientifically reclassified as being members of the genus Dimorphotheca, including Dimorphotheca barberae (synonym Osteospermum barberae); Dimorphotheca ecklonis (synonym Osteospermum ecklonis), Dimorphotheca fruticosa (synonym Osteospermum fruticosum); and Dimorphotheca jucunda (synonym Osteospermum jucundum).
Elżbiecin, Chełm County
Elżbiecin [ɛlʐˈbjɛt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rejowiec, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Rejowiec, 23 km (14 mi) west of Chełm, and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Bacoor City Strikers (volleyball)
The Bacoor City Strikers, also known as Bacoor City Strikers – Metro Land Builders Corp. for sponsorship reasons, are a Filipino women's developmental volleyball team based in Bacoor, Cavite. The team currently competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association (MPVA). The team playing their home games at Strike Gymnasium.

Owned by the Local Government of Bacoor, the team is one the league's charter teams, beginning play in the 2023 season. The team shares its name with its basketball counterpart in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL).

Bacoor
Bacoor (IPA: [bakoʔˈoɾ]), officially the City of Bacoor (Filipino: Lungsod ng Bacoor), is a  component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 661,381 people., making it the 15th most populous city in the Philippines and the second largest city in the province of Cavite after Dasmariñas.
Schecter Synyster Custom-S
The Schecter Synyster Custom-S is a solid body, Set neck electric guitar produced by the Schecter Guitar Research. It is the signature guitar of Avenged Sevenfold lead guitarist Synyster Gates. It was introduced in 2012.

The guitar featured a Seymour Duncan Invader SH-8SG humbucking pickup in the bridge position and a Sustainiac in the neck, until around 2018 when they were replaced by Synyster Gates signature Schecter pieces. The guitar has a full set-neck mahogany body, and ebony fingerboard, with a custom horned 3+3 headstock. The body shape is based on the Schecter Avenger.

Seymour Duncan
Seymour Duncan is an American company best known for manufacturing guitar and bass pickups. They also manufacture effects pedals which are designed and assembled in United States. Guitarist and luthier Seymour W. Duncan and Cathy Carter Duncan founded the company in 1976, in Santa Barbara, California.
Sweden national under-21 speedway team
The Sweden national under-21 speedway team is the national under-21 motorcycle speedway team of Sweden and is controlled by the SVEMO. The team started in Under-21 World Cup in all editions and won four medals: two silver (2005 and 2006) and two bronze (2008 and 2009). Denmark has produced three Under-21 World Champions: Peter Nahlin (1988), Mikael Karlsson (1994) and Andreas Jonsson (2000). In 1985 Per Jonsson has won Individual U-21 European Championship open for riders from all continents.

Andreas Jonsson
Andreas Karl Rune Jonsson (born 3 September 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish former international motorcycle speedway rider. He was a member of the Sweden speedway team that won the World Cup in 2003, 2004 and 2015. He earned 26 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.
Colobanthus muscoides
Colobanthus muscoides is a low-growing, moss-like flowering cushion plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, found on islands in the south-western Pacific Ocean, especially in the subantarctic region.  The specific epithet comes from the Latin muscus (moss) and -oides (resembling), with reference to its growth habit.

Cushion plant
A cushion plant is a compact, low-growing, mat-forming plant that is found in alpine, subalpine, arctic, or subarctic environments around the world. The term "cushion" is usually applied to woody plants that grow as spreading mats, are limited in height above the ground (a few inches at most), have relatively large and deep tap roots, and have life histories adapted to slow growth in a nutrient-poor environment with delayed reproductivity and reproductive cycle adaptations. The plant form is an example of parallel or convergent evolution with species from many different plant families on different continents converging on the same evolutionary adaptations to endure the harsh environmental conditions.
Navy League Cadet Corps (Canada)
The Navy League Cadet Corps (French: Corps de cadets de la Ligue navale) was created by the Navy League of Canada for boys in 1948, and the Navy League Wrennette Corps was formed for girls in 1950. The Wrennette program no longer exists, since the Navy League Cadet Corps are now open to boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12.

The Navy League Cadet programme is separate from the Canadian Cadet Organizations. It is solely sponsored by the Navy League of Canada, and it is not supported by the Department of National Defence like the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets. The Navy League Cadet programme is led by civilian volunteers, who are Navy League Officers supervised by local branches of the Navy League of Canada.

The training programme of the Navy League Cadets introduces youth to the training available in the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets and is modified to serve the needs of the younger age group.

Canadian Cadet Organizations
The Canadian Cadet Organizations, marketed under the name of Cadets Canada, are a youth program known as the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, Royal Canadian Army Cadets, and Royal Canadian Air Cadets. The program is sponsored by and funded by the Department of National Defence and through support from the civilian Navy League, the Army Cadet League and the Air Cadet League, as well as local community sponsors that include service organizations and parent sponsoring groups supervised by the Leagues.
Ridgefield Park High School
Ridgefield Park Junior-Senior High School is a six-year comprehensive community public high school that serves students in seventh through twelfth grade from Ridgefield Park, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Ridgefield Park Public Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,157 students and 89.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. There were 377 students (32.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 163 (14.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Students from Little Ferry attend the district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Little Ferry Public Schools that has been in place since 1953. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1930.

Seventh grade
Seventh grade (also 7th grade or Grade 7) is the seventh year of formal or compulsory education in the USA. The seventh grade is typically the first or second year of middle school. In the United States, kids in seventh grade are usually around 12–13 years old. It is the eighth school year since kindergarten. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Bosnian Girl
Bosnian Girl is a discriminator artwork by a visual artist Šejla Kamerić that started in 2003 as a public project consisting of postcards, posters, billboards, that is exhibited either as an intervention into public space or as a black and white photograph in various dimensions. It was done in collaboration with photographer Tarik Samarah.

Tarik Samarah
Tarik Samarah is a Bosnian photographer who works in artistic and documentary photography.  Samarah was born in 1965  in Zagreb to Bosnian and Sudanese parents. He spent years compiling the project "Srebrenica - genocide at the heart of Europe".  He has widely exhibited his works most notably at the Holocaust Museum in Washington DC and United Nations building in New York.  He is also renowned for his billboard campaign in Republic of Serbia.  The campaign exhibited the images of Srebrenica massacre on large commercial billboards in the cities across Serbia as a method of raising awareness about event that took place during the Srebrenica Genocide.
Astronomical ceiling of Senenmut's Tomb
Astronomical ceiling decoration in its earliest form can be traced to the tomb of Senenmut (Theban tomb no. 353), located at the site of Deir el-Bahri, discovered in Thebes, Upper Egypt. The tomb and the ceiling decorations date back to the XVIII Dynasty of ancient Egypt (circa 1479–1458 BCE). It is closed to the public.

Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر Ṣaʿīd Miṣr, shortened to الصعيد, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [es.sˤe.ˈʕiːd], locally: [es.sˤɑ.ˈʕiːd]) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus starts at Beni Suef and stretches down to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
Qubbat at-Turkuman
Qubbat at-Turkumān (Arabic: قُبَّة التُّرْكُمَان, romanized: Qubbat at-Turkumān; Turkish: Kubbetü't-Türkümân), also known as Qubba (Arabic: قبه, romanized: Qubba; Turkish: Kubbe), is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Administratively belonging to Nahiya Ghandoura in Jarabulus District, the village has a population of 1,186 as per the 2004 census. It is located midway between Al-Rai and Jarabulus, at the western banks of Sajur River, less than a kilometer southwest of the Sajur Dam. Nearby localities include Lilawa to the north and Ghandoura to the southeast. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.

Jarabulus District
Jarabulus District (Arabic: منطقة جرابلس, romanized: manṭiqat Ğarābulus) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, on the border with Turkey. The administrative centre is the city of Jarabulus.

At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 58,889. Ethnically, it is mostly composed of Arabs and Turkmens but also includes Kurds, who settled in the area during the 17th century.

The Euphrates river enters Syria from Turkey in Jarabulus.
Strongback (girder)
A strongback is a beam or girder which acts as a secondary support member to an existing structure. A strongback in a staircase is usually ordinary two-by (e.g. 50 mm by something) dimensional lumber attached to the staircase stringers to stiffen the assembly. In shipbuilding, a strongback, known as a waler is oriented lengthwise along a ship to brace across several frames to keep the frames square and plumb. In formwork strongbacks (typically vertical) reinforce typically horizontal walers to provide additional support against hydrostatic pressure during concrete pours.

Some rockets like the Antares, the Falcon 9 and the Falcon Heavy use a strongback to restrain the rocket prior to launch. This structure tilts several degrees away from the rocket to clear the launch, either at the moment of launch or a few minutes before.

Beam (structure)
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally across its axis (an element designed to carry a load pushing parallel to its axis would be a strut or column). A beam's mode of deflection is primarily by bending, as loads produce reaction forces at the beam's support points and internal bending moments, shear, stresses, strains, and deflections. Beams are characterized by their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), equilibrium conditions, length, and material.

Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering structural elements, where the beams are horizontal and carry vertical loads. However, any structure may contain beams, such as automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems. Any structural element, in any orientation, that primarily resists loads applied laterally across the element's axis is a beam.
1957 Warwick and Leamington by-election
The 1957 Warwick and Leamington by-election was fought on 7 March 1957 when the incumbent Conservative MP, the ex-Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden, retired from Parliament.  The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate John Hobson.

Warwick and Leamington
Warwick and Leamington is a constituency in Warwickshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since the 2017 general election by Matt Western of the Labour Party. As its name suggests, it encompasses the towns of Warwick and Leamington.

From 1923 to 1957, the seat was held by Anthony Eden (Sir Anthony Eden from 1954), who served as Prime Minister from 1955 to 1957.