hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of science
Criticism of science addresses problems within science in order to improve science as a whole and its role in society. Criticisms come from philosophy, from social movements like feminism, and from within science itself.

The emerging field of metascience seeks to increase the quality of and efficiency of scientific research by improving the scientific process.

Ruth Hubbard
Ruth Hubbard (March 3, 1924 – September 1, 2016) was a professor of biology at Harvard University, where she was the first woman to hold a tenured professorship position in biology.

During her active research career from the 1940s to the 1960s, she made important contributions to the understanding of the biochemistry and photochemistry of vision in vertebrates and invertebrates. In 1967, Hubbard and George Wald shared the Paul Karrer Gold Medal for their work in this area.

In the late 1960s, her interests shifted from science to societal issues and activism.
Circle of Three
Circle Of Three is a series of young adult paperback novels by Michael Thomas Ford under the pseudonym Isobel Bird. It follows the lives of three teenage girls from different social cliques, who come together over a shared interest in witchcraft. It was published between February 5, 2001, and March 19, 2002.

Michael Thomas Ford
Michael Thomas Ford (born October 1, 1968) is an American author of primarily gay-themed literature. He is best known for his "My Queer Life" series of comedic essay collections and for his award-winning novels Last Summer, Looking for It, Full Circle, Changing Tides, and What We Remember.

Michael Thomas Ford is the author of more than fifty books for both young readers and adults. He is best known for his best-selling novels Last Summer, Looking for It, and Full Circle and for his five essay collections in the "Trials of My Queer Life" series. His work has been nominated for eleven Lambda Literary Awards, twice winning for Best Humor Book and twice for Best Romance Novel. He was also nominated for a Horror Writers Association Bram Stoker Award (for his novel The Dollhouse That Time Forgot) and a Gaylactic Spectrum Award (for his short story "Night of the Were Puss").
Aubervilliers–Pantin–Quatre Chemins station
Aubervilliers–Pantin–Quatre Chemins (French pronunciation: [obɛʁvilje pɑ̃tɛ̃ katʁ(ə) ʃəmɛ̃]) is a station of the Paris Métro. It is at the crossroads of the Roman road that led from Lutetia to east Flanders (now the N2) and the road between the communes of Aubervilliers and Pantin.

Lutetia
Lutetia, (/luːˈtiːʃə/ loo-TEESH-ə; Latin: [luːˈteːtia]; French: Lutèce [lytɛs]) also known as Lutecia and Lutetia Parisiorum (/ ... pəˌrɪziˈɔːrəm/ pə-RIZ-ee-OR-əm; Latin: [... pariːsiˈoːrʊ̃ː]; lit. 'Lutetia of the Parisii'), was a Gallo–Roman town and the predecessor of modern-day Paris. Traces of an earlier Neolithic settlement (c. 4500 BC) have been found nearby, and a larger settlement was established around the middle of the third century BC by the Parisii, a Gallic tribe. The site was an important crossing point of the Seine, the intersection of land and water trade routes.

In the first century BC, the settlement was conquered by Romans and a city began to be built. Remains of the Roman forum, amphitheatre, aqueduct and baths can still be seen. In the fifth century it became the capital of the Merovingian dynasty of French kings, and thereafter was known as Paris.

Many artifacts from Lutetia have been recovered and are on display at the Musée Carnavalet.
Old Post Office (Oneonta, New York)
Old Post Office is a historic post office building located at Oneonta in Otsego County, New York, United States. It was built in 1915, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Oscar Wenderoth.   The original portion of the building is nearly square, seven bays on each side.  It is built of Indiana limestone, with Concord granite trim in the Classical Revival style.  It features a giant portico supported by six massive Corinthian order columns.  In 1980, the building housed city offices moved from the Old City Hall.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is located within the Oneonta Downtown Historic District established in 2003.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Koče, Postojna
Koče (pronounced [ˈkoːtʃɛ]; Italian: Cocce) is a village south of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Margaret and belongs to the Parish of Slavina.

Inner Carniola
45°43′00″N 14°25′00″E﻿ / ﻿45.71667°N 14.41667°E﻿ / 45.71667; 14.41667

Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Inner Carniola (Slovene: Notranjska pronounced [ˈnòːtɾanska]; German: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the Gorizia region) in the west. Its administrative and economic center of the region is Postojna, and other minor centers include Vrhnika, Logatec, Cerknica, Pivka, and Ilirska Bistrica.
April Phillips (basketball)
April Denise Phillips (born June 14, 1987) is an American basketball coach and former player who is the associate head coach of the Purdue Boilermakers women’s basketball team. Phillips is also the former head coach at San Jose State University in California.

Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball
The Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and the Big Ten Conference.

Purdue is rich in tradition and history, holding the record for Big Ten women's basketball tournament championships, along with annually ranking in the top 10 nationally in home attendance. The Boilermakers have appeared in the NCAA Final Four three times, and won the NCAA National Championship in 1999. The Boilermakers share a classic rivalry with the Indiana Hoosiers, of which Purdue owns a 52–27 series lead.
Christianity in Manipur
Christianity is the second largest religion in Manipur, a state in Northeast India, according to 2011 census. The tribal communities, Kuki-Zomis and Nagas are overwhelmingly Christian, along with their kindred communities in the neighbouring states. The dominant Meitei community has only small numbers of Christians, but Meitei groups claim Christianity to be a threat. At the start of the 2023–2024 Manipur violence, Meitei mobs burned down 200–300 churches in the Imphal Valley belonging to all communities, and prohibited pastors from rebuilding them.

William Pettigrew (missionary)
William Pettigrew (5 January 1869 – 19 January 1943) was a British Christian missionary who went to India in 1890, eventually brought western education in Manipur and introducing Jesus Christ to the Tangkhul Naga tribe, inhabiting Ukhrul district and he became the main catalyst for the surge in current Christian population in Manipur.
Granaglione
Granaglione  is a town in the comune of Alto Reno Terme, in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, central Italy. It was a separate comune until January 2016, when it merged with Porretta Terme into the new entity of Alto Reno Terme.

Metropolitan City of Bologna
The Metropolitan City of Bologna (Italian: città metropolitana di Bologna) is a metropolitan city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is de facto the city of Bologna, though the body does not explicitly outline it. It was created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by the Law 56/2014, replacing the province of Bologna. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.

The Metropolitan City is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano).
Area codes 613, 343, and 753
Area codes 613, 343, and 753 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada. Area code 613 is one of the 86 original North American area codes assigned in October 1947. Area codes 343 and 753 were assigned to the numbering plan area in an overlay activated in 2010 and 2022, respectively.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Poonamallee Bypass metro station
Poonamallee Bypass metro station is an upcoming elevated metro station on the Yellow Line of the Chennai Metro. This metro station will be among the 30 stations of corridor IV and 18 elevated stations along corridor IV of the Chennai Metro, Poonamallee Bypass–Lighthouse stretch. The station serves the neighbourhoods of Poonamallee.

Poonamallee
Poonamallee is a western suburb of Chennai, India under the Chennai Metropolitan Area. It was historically called Pushpagirimangalam, later renamed in Tamil as Poovirundhavalli (Tamil: [puːʋiɾɯn̪daʋalli]), and now colloquially called as Poondhamalli. It is the headquarters of the Poonamallee taluk of the Tiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The nearest Railway station is at Avadi. It acts as the gateway to the city from its western side. It is a town with rich cultural heritage and also a fast-growing areas in the city. As of 2011, the town had a population of 60,607. There are plans to merge the areas under Poonamallee Municipality with Avadi Municipal Corporation.
Serica parallela
Serica parallela is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America (Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec).

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Richards Hill Residential Historic District
The Richards Hill Residential Historic District is a national historic district in Watertown, Wisconsin. The district includes 62 buildings, nearly all of which are houses, of which 51 are considered contributing buildings to the district's historic character.

Watertown, Wisconsin
Watertown is a city in Jefferson and Dodge counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 22,926 at the 2020 census, of which 14,674 were in Jefferson County and 8,252 were in Dodge County. Division Street, several blocks north of downtown, marks the county line. Watertown is a principal city of the Watertown–Fort Atkinson micropolitan statistical area which is in turn a sub-market of the larger Milwaukee–Waukesha–Racine combined statistical area.
Lara Holzmüller
Lara Holzmüller (born 2000) is a German athlete who has represented Germany in judo and field hockey at international competitions for athletes with intellectual disabilities. She has competed at the Special Olympics World Games and at European and world championships in ID judo.

Special Olympics World Games
The Special Olympics World Games, also known as Special Olympiad, are an international sporting event for participants with intellectual disabilities, organised by the IOC-recognised Special Olympics organisation.
2017 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down sixteen per curiam opinions during its 2017 term, which began October 2, 2017, and concluded September 30, 2018.

Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.

Per curiam decision
In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather ascribed to the entire court or panel of judges who heard the case. The term per curiam is Latin for 'by the court'.
State Intelligence Department
The State Intelligence Department (SID) is the intelligence agency of Maharashtra. The agency's primary function is gathering intelligence, counter-terrorism, Counter-proliferation, and advising Maharashtra policymakers. It is one of the oldest such organization in India. It is headed by the Commissioner of Intelligence.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Tropical Malady
Tropical Malady (สัตว์ประหลาด RTGS: Satpralat; lit. "monster") is a 2004 Thai romantic psychological drama art film written and directed by Apichatpong Weerasethakul. The film is divided into two segments – the first is a romance between two men, and the second a mysterious tale about a soldier lost in the woods, bedeviled by the spirit of a shaman.

Tropical Malady won the Jury Prize at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, and was the first Thai film to be in the main competition at Cannes. It is also the first Thai film to win a prize at one of the "Big Three" film festivals.

In 2022, Tropical Malady was ranked the 62nd greatest film of all time in the Sight & Sound directors' poll and 95th in their critics' poll. In 2016, it was ranked the 6th greatest LGBT film of all time in the British Film Institute poll. It is the 164th greatest film of all time as per the list-aggregation site They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?

Atsushi Nakajima
Atsushi Nakajima (中島 敦, Nakajima Atsushi; 5 May 1909 – 4 December 1942) was a Japanese author known for his unique style and self-introspective themes. His major works include "The Moon Over the Mountain" and "Light, Wind and Dreams" with the former being published in many Japanese textbooks.

During his life he wrote about 20 works, including unfinished works, typically inspired by Classical Chinese stories and his own life experiences.
Mount Worth State Park
Mount Worth State Park is a state park in Victoria, Australia. It is located 15 km south of Warragul in the western Strzelecki Ranges. It offers rainforest walking trails and scenic views of Gippsland as well as across the Latrobe Valley to the Great Dividing Range.

The wet, mountain rainforest of mountain ash (with at least one specimen 90 metres tall, 7 metres wide and approaching the age of 300 years), blackwood and mountain grey gum supports a wide variety of plants and animals, such as the tree ferns, wombat, possum, platypus, crimson rosella, lyrebird and many others.

Warragul
Warragul (/ˈwɒrəɡʊl/) is a town in Victoria, Australia, 102 kilometres (63 miles) south-east of Melbourne. Warragul lies between the Strzelecki Ranges to the south and the Mount Baw Baw Plateau of the Great Dividing Range to the north. As of the 2021 census, the town had a population of 19,856 people. Warragul forms part of a larger urban area that includes nearby Drouin that had an estimated total population of 42,827 as of the 2021 census.

Warragul is the main population and service centre of the West Gippsland region and the Shire of Baw Baw. The surrounding area is noted for dairy farming and other niche agriculture and has long been producing gourmet foods.
The Intelligent Homosexual's Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures
The Intelligent Homosexual's Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures is a 2009 play by American playwright Tony Kushner. The title was inspired by George Bernard Shaw's The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism and Mary Baker Eddy's Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures.

Mary Baker Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy (née Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author, who in 1879 founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, the Mother Church of the Christian Science movement. She also founded The Christian Science Monitor in 1908, and three religious magazines: the Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, and The Herald of Christian Science.

Eddy wrote numerous books and articles, most notably the 1875 book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, selected as one of the "75 Books by Women Whose Words Have Changed the World" by the Women's National Book Association. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1995. Other works Eddy authored include Manual of The Mother Church, and a collection of varied writings that were consolidated posthumously into a book called Prose Works.
One Voice (Johnny Gioeli album)
One Voice is the debut solo album by American hard rock singer Johnny Gioeli (Hardline, Axel Rudi Pell, Crush 40). It was released on December 7, 2018 via Neapolitan label Frontiers Records  and it was produced by Italian multi-instrumentalist Alessandro Del Vecchio (Edge of Forever, Hardline, Silent Force, Jorn), also on keyboards. The entire album was written by Johnny Gioeli and guitarist Eric Gadrix. The band was completed by Italian musicians Nik Marzucconi (Edge of Forever, Labyrinth, Sunstorm) on bass and Marco Di Salvia (Edge of Forever, Hardline, Pino Scotto, Kee of Hearts).

The album was preceded by the single "Drive" on October 3, 2018.

Axel Rudi Pell
Axel Rudi Pell (born 27 June 1960) is a German hard rock guitarist. Formerly of the speed metal band Steeler, he has pursued a solo career since the late 1980s–early 1990s with the eponymous band Axel Rudi Pell, working with a number of vocalists; the longest-serving, since 1998, being Johnny Gioeli of Hardline.
Amlin
MS Amlin Ltd is an insurer operating in the Lloyd's, UK, Continental Europe and Bermudian markets. Specialising in providing insurance cover to commercial enterprises and reinsurance protection to other insurance companies around the world, MS Amlin's shares were listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group in February 2016.

Underwriting
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.
Playfair Capital
Playfair Capital is a British venture capital firm, focused exclusively on pre-seed investing. The headquarters are located in 8 Warner Yard, Clerkenwell, London.

Their high-conviction, low-volume approach leads Playfair to invest in 6-8 startups per year across all sectors and verticals, as long as there is a technology element. Their geographical focus is on the UK and Europe.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Cinzana
Cinzana is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune includes 71 villages in an area of approximately 1,050 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 36,440. The Bani River runs along the southern boundary of the commune. The village of Cinzana lies 41 km southeast of Ségou.

Bani River
The Bani River is the principal tributary of the Niger River in Mali. The river is formed from the confluence of the Baoulé and Bagoé rivers some 160 km (99 mi) east of Bamako and it merges with the Niger near Mopti. Its length is about 1,100 km (680 mi).
Yousef Al-Thodan
Yousef Ahmed Al-Thodan (Arabic: يوسف أحمد الذودان; born February 9, 1989) is a Jordanian football player who plays as a central midfielder for Jordanian First Division League club Sama Al-Sarhan, as well as a former Jordan national football team player.

Jordanian First Division League
The Jordanian First Division League (Arabic: الدوري الدرجة الأولى الأردني) is the second-level football competition in Jordan. It ranks directly below the Jordanian Pro League and above the Jordanian Second Division League.
SciDB
SciDB is a column-oriented database management system (DBMS) designed for multidimensional data management and analytics common to scientific, geospatial, financial, and industrial applications.  It is developed by Paradigm4 and co-created by Michael Stonebraker.

Data orientation
Data orientation is the representation of tabular data in a  linear memory model such as in-disk or in-memory. The two most common representations are column-oriented (columnar format) and row-oriented (row format).

The choice of data orientation is a trade-off and an architectural decision in databases, query engines, and numerical simulations. As a result of these tradeoffs, row-oriented formats are more commonly used in online transaction processing (OLTP) and column-oriented formats are more commonly used in online analytical processing (OLAP).

Examples of column-oriented formats include Apache ORC, Apache Parquet, Apache Arrow, formats used by BigQuery, Amazon Redshift and Snowflake. Predominant examples of row-oriented formats include CSV, formats used in most relational databases (Oracle, MySQL etc.), the in-memory format of Apache Spark, and Apache Avro.
Khizra Rasheed
Khizra Rasheed (born 24 February 1988) is a Pakistani badminton player. She was the bronze medalist at the 2016 South Asian Games in the women's doubles event, and the champion at the 2017 Pakistan International tournament.

Pakistan International (badminton)
The Pakistan International is an international badminton tournament held in Pakistan organised by Pakistan Badminton Federation. In 2004, this tournament known as Pakistan Satellite and the International Badminton Federation has graded the tournament with "A grade" and its points would be included in world ranking. This tournament also became the stage for Pakistani players to compete and see their performance in international event.