hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee
Pittsburg Landing is a river landing on the west bank of the Tennessee River in Hardin County, Tennessee. It was named for "Pitts" Tucker who operated a tavern at the site in the years preceding the Civil War. The landing helped connect the west side of the river to a road on the east that went back to Savannah. The landing was home to many families of settlers that migrated from about 1840 to 1860. It is located at latitude 35.15222 and longitude -88.32278 with an elevation of 482 feet (147 m). The aforementioned tavern was on the site that is now Shiloh National Military Park Visitor Center and Shiloh National Military Park/Pittsburg Landing Graveyard.

The Battle of Pittsburg Landing, also known as the Battle of Shiloh, was fought here on April 6–7, 1862. It had great significance as the first major battle of the Civil War in the west, marking the end of Confederate dominance in Tennessee, and it is commemorated in Shiloh National Military Park.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Stanley Spencer (aeronaut)
Stanley Edward Spencer (1868–1906) was an early English aeronaut, famous for ballooning and parachuting in several countries, and later for building and flying an airship over London in 1902.

Stanley's family had a history of flying: all his five siblings were also aeronauts, with Arthur and Percival the more well-known; his father Charles Green Spencer pioneered gliding and founded the balloon factory C.G. Spencer & Sons in London; and his grandfather Edward had flown balloons with Charles Green since 1836. On 15 September 1898, Stanley piloted a hydrogen balloon for the meteorologist Arthur Berson in what was believed to be a record ascent to 27,500 feet. 
On 15 November 1899, Spencer ascended with John Mackenzie Bacon and Gertrude Bacon to observe the Leonid meteor shower from above the clouds.  Ten hours later, their balloon landed near Neath, South Wales, narrowly avoiding drifting out over the Atlantic.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Yuchi language
Yuchi or Euchee (endonym: Tsohaya) is the language of the Yuchi people now living in Oklahoma. Historically, they lived in what is now known as the Southeastern United States, including eastern Tennessee, the western Carolinas, northern Georgia, and Alabama, during the period of early European colonization. Many speakers of the Yuchi language became allied with the Muscogee Creek when they migrated into their territory in Georgia and Alabama. They were forcibly relocated with them to Indian Territory in the early 19th century.

In 2009, linguist Mary Linn reported that there were approximately five fluent speakers of Yuchi remaining, and highlighted community-led efforts to teach the language to younger generations. Some audio tapes in the Yuchi language exist in the collections of the Columbus State University Archives in Columbus, Georgia.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
Hala Sportowa Częstochowa
Hala Sportowa Częstochowa is a sport, show and fair arena in Częstochowa, Poland. In sport it is primarily used for volleyball, and also concerts. The arena was officially opened on September 29, 2012, during the SuperCup 2012 volleyball match – PGE Skra Bełchatów vs Asseco Resovia Rzeszów. Occasionally it is a place of playing matches of FIVB Volleyball World League.

Resovia (volleyball)
Resovia, officially known for sponsorship reasons as Asseco Resovia, is a professional men's volleyball club based in Rzeszów in southeastern Poland, founded in 1937. They compete in the Polish PlusLiga.

Initially part of the Resovia multi-sports club founded 1905, it has operated independently since 2006. The club has won seven Polish Champion titles and three national cups. They won four league titles in the 1970s and the first title in the 21st century in 2012, which put an end to Skra Bełchatów's dominance in the PlusLiga which lasted for 7 consecutive seasons.
Józef Pluskowski
Józef Pluskowski (22 December 1896 – 28 November 1950) was a Polish poet, teacher, administrator and member of the Polish Resistance under the pseudonym "Mierzwa". He played an active role in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. He was born in Pabianice, Poland and died aged 53 in exile in Montfermeil, Paris, France.

Montfermeil
Montfermeil (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃fɛʁmɛj] ⓘ) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 17.2 km (10.7 mi) from the center of Paris.

Montfermeil is famous as the location of Thénardiers' inn in Les Misérables. It has made the headlines due to troubles in its social estate called "les Bosquets".
Hogla, Jaynagar
Hogla is a village within the jurisdiction of the Jaynagar Majilpur police station in the Jaynagar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Charles Godefroy
Charles Godefroy (29 December 1888 at La Flèche (Sarthe) – 11 December 1958 at Soisy-sous-Montmorency, (Val d'Oise), north of Paris) was a French aviator who became famous for flying through the Arc de Triomphe in Paris in 1919.

Miramas
Miramas (French pronunciation: [miʁamas]; Occitan: Miramàs) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, southern France. It is the second-largest commune in metropolitan Ouest-Provence and is located at the north end of the Étang de Berre lagoon, adjacent to and northeast of the city of Istres. Miramas station has rail connections to Marseille, Avignon, Martigues and Arles.
Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant
The JSC Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant (ZlatMash) is an arms manufacturing plant in Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.  It produced many of the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons, including the R-39 Submarine-launched ballistic missile.

The plant was founded in 1939 for the production of small arms.  Today, in addition to small arms, it produces industrial equipment and medical supplies.

R-39 (missile)
The R-39 (Russian: Р-39; NATO reporting name: SS-N-20 Sturgeon; bilateral arms control designation: RSM-52) was a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) that served with the Soviet Navy from its introduction in 1983 until 1991, after which it served with the Russian Navy until 2004. The missile had GRAU indices of 3M65, 3M20, and 3R65. It was carried on board Typhoon-class submarines.

An intercontinental missile, the R-39 had a three-stage solid-fuel boost design with a liquid-fuel post-boost unit carrying up to ten multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle warheads.  Like other SLBMs the initial launch was powered by a gas generator in the bottom of the firing tube.  During the missile's passage through the water additional motors produce a gaseous wall around the missile, reducing hydrodynamic resistance.  The launch system was designated "D-19".
Coramba Nature Reserve
Coramba Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve located near Coffs Harbour in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the few remnants of low altitude sub tropical rainforest in the Clarence River valley. Founded in 1982 with the primary goal of protecting the remaining lowland rainforests.

Common tree species include white booyong, Oliver's sassafras, jackwood, white walnut, red cedar, black apple, white cedar, yellow carabeen, water gum, and maiden's blush.

Cinnamomum oliveri
Cinnamomum oliveri is a rainforest tree growing in the eastern coastal region of Australia. It occurs from the Illawarra district (34° S) in New South Wales to Cape York Peninsula at the northern tip of Queensland. The southernmost limit of its natural distribution is on the volcanic cliffs above the town of Gerroa and nearby on sand in rainforest behind Seven Mile Beach, New South Wales. It is a medium to large tree reaching around 30 metres tall and 75 cm in diameter.

Cinnamomum oliveri has several common names, such as camphorwood, Oliver's sassafras, black sassafras and cinnamonwood. The specific epithet honours Daniel Oliver of Kew Gardens.
Ukrainian Republic
Ukrainian Republic refers to Ukraine. Articles about historical Ukraine:

Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, 1917–1918

Ukrainian Soviet Republic, 1918

Ukrainian People's Republic, 1917–1921

West Ukrainian People's Republic, 1918–1919

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1919–1991 (also called Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic)

Ukraine, proclaimed in 1991

Ukrainian Soviet Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Republic (Ukrainian: Українська Радянська Республіка, romanized: Ukrainska Radianska Respublika; Russian: Украинская Советская Республика, romanized: Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was a Soviet republic created by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks after the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets declared independence of Soviet Ukraine in March 1918 and merged the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, the Odessa Soviet Republic, and the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic into one state.
John Farmer Healy
John Farmer Healy CBE (1900−1973) was a Jamaican-born Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Gibraltar from 1956 to 1973.

Born in Kingston, Jamaica on 3 December 1900, he was ordained to the priesthood on 11 June 1927. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Gibraltar by Pope Pius XII on 18 July 1956. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 11 October 1956; the principal consecrator was the Most Reverend Gerald O'Hara, Bishop of Savannah, Georgia, USA, with the Right Reverend Cyril Cowderoy, Archbishop of Southwark, England and the Right Reverend John Petit, Bishop of Menevia, Wales, serving as co-consecrators. Bishop Healy participated in all the four sessions of the Second Vatican Council, held between in 1962 and 1965.

He died in office on 17 February 1973, aged 72.

Catholicism portal

Archbishop of Southwark
The Archbishop of Southwark (Br  [ˈsʌðɨk]) is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark. As such, he is the Metropolitan of the Province of Southwark.

The archdiocese has an area of 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and covers the London Boroughs south of the Thames, the county of Kent and the Medway Unitary Authority. The Metropolitan See is in Southwark where the archbishop's seat is located at the St George's Cathedral.

The eleventh and current archbishop is John Wilson, who was appointed on 10 June 2019 and was installed on 25 July 2019.
Periploca ceanothiella
Periploca ceanothiella, the ceanothus stem gall moth, is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Cosens in 1908. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, California, Florida, Kansas, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, Ontario, Oregon, South Carolina and Texas.

Wingspan 10 mm. The moth flies from March to August and in December.

The larvae feed on Ceanothus species. Young larvae bore into the stem of their host plant. The feeding causes stem galls. The species overwinters in the larval stage within the gall. Pupation takes place in summer.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Criquetot-l'Esneval
Criquetot-l'Esneval (French pronunciation: [kʁikto lɛnval]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. The physician and erudite Louis-Henri Baratte was born in Criquetot-l'Esneval in 1803.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
DLTBCo
Del Monte Land Transport Bus Company  (DLTBCo) is a provincial bus company formed as a subsidiary of Del Monte Motor Works, Incorporated. It was formed as a resurgent of Batangas Laguna Tayabas Bus Company Incorporated (BLTBCo.), one of the oldest provincial bus companies in the Philippines. It plies routes mainly to Southern Luzon provinces and other parts in Eastern Visayas region.

DLTBCo. was founded in 2009 when BLTBCo. was taken over by DMMW and later added to its investment, although one must take note that DLTBCo. and BLTBCo. are different companies from each other, but their similarity is its routes that the latter have. It was because the former has announced its restoration of the old routes made by the latter after the firm's take over. BLTBCo., on the other hand, was founded in 1918 shortly before the end of World War I. Thus, DLTBCo is one of the nation's oldest bus firms if the BTLBCo history and timeline are included.

Lemery, Batangas
Lemery, officially the Municipality of Lemery (Tagalog: Bayan ng Lemery),  is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 94,736 people.
2937 Gibbs
2937 Gibbs, provisional designation 1980 LA, is a stony Phocaea asteroid and Mars-crosser from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 June 1980, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona. The asteroid was named after American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs.

Anderson Mesa Station
Anderson Mesa Station is an astronomical observatory established in 1959 as a dark-sky observing site for Lowell Observatory. It is located at Anderson Mesa in Coconino County, Arizona, about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Lowell's main campus on Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Hiraoka (surname)
Hiraoka (written: 平岡) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiraoka Fusazane (平岡 房実, 1513–1572), Japanese samurai

Hideo Hiraoka (平岡 秀夫, born 1954), Japanese politician

Hideo Hiraoka (racing driver) (平岡 英郎, born 1971), Japanese drifting driver

Hiroaki Hiraoka (平岡 拓晃, born 1985), Japanese judoka

Hiroaki Hiraoka (footballer) (平岡 宏章, born 1969), Japanese footballer

Hiraoka Kimitake (平岡 公威, 1925–1970), Japanese writer, poet, playwright, actor and film director, better known as Yukio Mishima

Naoki Hiraoka (平岡 直起, born 1973), Japanese footballer and manager

Takashi Hiraoka (平岡 敬, born 1927), Japanese mayor

Taku Hiraoka (平岡 卓, born 1995), Japanese snowboarder

Tasuku Hiraoka (平岡 翼, born 1996), Japanese footballer

Yasuhiro Hiraoka (平岡 康裕, born 1986), Japanese footballer

Yasunari Hiraoka (平岡 靖成, born 1972), Japanese footballer

Yūta Hiraoka (平岡 祐太, born 1984), Japanese actor

Hideo Hiraoka
Hideo Hiraoka (平岡 秀夫, Hiraoka Hideo; born 14 January 1954) is a Japanese politician and lawyer in the House of Representatives who served as the Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party, having previously being a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. As a representative, he has represented the 2nd District of Yamaguchi prefecture and the Chūgoku proportional representation block.
George Tadlowe
George Tadlowe (by 1505 – 1557), of London, was an English politician.

Tadlowe was a Member of Parliament for Petersfield in 1547, Guildford in April 1554, Grampound in November 1554 and Camelford in 1555.

Petersfield (UK Parliament constituency)
Petersfield was an English Parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Petersfield in Hampshire. It existed for several hundred years until its abolition for the 1983 general election.

Until 1832, it returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Thereafter, its representation was reduced to one member until its abolition in 1983.
McNiven Farm Complex
McNiven Farm Complex is a historic home and barn complex located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York.  The original house was built about 1790 and is a small Dutch house that is located to the rear of the present structure.  A substantial addition was completed in the mid-19th century.  It is a two-story, five bay wide farmhouse with a center entrance and gable roof. Also on the property is a vernacular barn complex.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Guilderland, New York
Guilderland is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. In the 2020 census, the town had a population of 36,848. The town is named for the  Gelderland province in the Netherlands.
The town of Guilderland is on the central-northwest border of the county. It is just west of Albany, the capital of the U.S. state of New York.
Battle of Viadangos
The Battle of Viadangos or Fontedangos (Fonte de Angos) was fought in the autumn of 1111 between the forces of Alfonso I of Aragon and the Galician allies of his estranged wife, Urraca of León and Castile, at Villadangos north of Luna, some twenty kilometres from León. Alfonso was victorious in a rout, but Urraca's son and co-ruler, Alfonso Raimúndez, escaped.

Urraca of León and Castile
Urraca (León, 1081 – Saldaña, 8 March 1126), called the Reckless (La Temeraria), was Queen of León, Castile and Galicia from 1109 until her death. She claimed the imperial title as suo jure Empress of All Spain and Empress of All Galicia. She is considered to be the first European queen to reign in her own right.
Robert Russell (Irish mathematician)
Robert Russell (c. 1858–18 May 1938) was an Irish mathematician and academic at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), who served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics (1917–1921).

Robert Russell was born in Portadown, County Armagh, and was educated at Santry School, Portarlington, County Laois. He attended TCD, became a Scholar in 1877, and won the Brooke Prize, Bishop Law's Prize, McCullagh Prize, and Madden Prize. He was awarded BA in mathematics (1880), became a Fellow a few years later, and got his MA (1888). In 1887, he was elected a member of the London Mathematical Society. He spent his whole career at TCD, at various times serving as Junior Bursar, Junior Dean, Registrar of Chambers, and from the early 1920s on, Senior Bursar.

He was Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics (1904–1907), Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics (1917–1921), and became Senior Fellow in 1920.

Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics
The Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin is one of two endowed mathematics positions at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), the other being the Donegall Lectureship at Trinity College Dublin. It was founded in 1762 and funded by the Erasmus Smith Trust, which was established by Erasmus Smith (1611–1691). Since 1851, the position has been funded by Trinity College.

Some of the people listed here also held the Erasmus Smith's Chair of Natural and Experimental Philosophy for a period–that's another of the 4 named professorships honouring Smith's memory. The University Professor of Natural Philosophy is also a position within the School of Mathematics, now focusing on applied mathematics and theoretical physics.
Leonówka massacre
In early August 1943, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army killed approximately 190 Polish people in Leonówka, a colony in Tuchyn, Rovensky Uyezd, Wołyń Voivodeship, as part of the larger campaign of massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, considered as a genocide.

On the night of August 1-2, 1943, Leonówka, which was home to about 300 Poles and several Ukrainian families, was surrounded by a 100-strong UPA unit arriving from the village of Żelanka. The UPA insurgents threw grenades into houses, entered homes, and murdered their inhabitants. Those who tried to flee were shot; all buildings were set on fire. It is estimated that about 150 people were killed. Around 2 a.m., the Ukrainian unit left the burned-down village.

On August 2 or 3, 1943, a group of UPA insurgents on horseback stopped Polish refugees from the village of Kudranka passing through Leonówka. The Poles were robbed of their belongings, taken to a nearby forest, and murdered there. 42 people were killed.

Tuchyn
Tuchyn (Ukrainian: Tyчин, German: Tutschin, Polish: Tuczyn, Yiddish: טוטשין) is a rural settlement in Rivne Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in Rivne Raion in the historic region of Volhynia, approximately 18 km east from the oblast capital, Rivne.
Japanese destroyer Nenohi
Two Japanese destroyers have been named Nenohi:

Japanese destroyer Nenohi (1905), a Kamikaze-class destroyer launched in 1905 and stricken in 1928

Japanese destroyer Nenohi (1932), a Hatsuharu-class destroyer launched in 1932 and sunk in 1942

Hatsuharu-class destroyer
The Hatsuharu-class destroyers (初春型駆逐艦, Hatsuharugata kuchikukan) were a class of Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers in the service before and during World War II. The final two vessels in the class, completed after modifications to the design, are sometimes considered a separate "Ariake class".