hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dendrite (mathematics)
In mathematics, a dendrite is a certain type of topological space that may be characterized either as a locally connected dendroid or equivalently as a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curves.

Locally connected space
In topology and other branches of mathematics, a topological space X is
locally connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open connected sets.

As a stronger notion, the space X is locally path connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open path connected sets.
Pilatus PC-12
The Pilatus PC-12 is a pressurized, single-engined, turboprop aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Stans, Switzerland since 1991. It was designed as a high-performance utility aircraft that incorporates a large aft cargo door in addition to the main passenger door. Due to its efficient, high-utility design, the PC-12 is used by a large variety of operators. The main use for the aircraft is corporate transportation, but it is also used by fractional and small regional airlines, air-ambulance operators, and many government agencies, such as police departments and armed forces. The 2,000th PC-12 was delivered in May 2023.

Utility aircraft
A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light airplane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people, freight, or other supplies, but also used for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available.

The term can also refer to an aircraft type certificated under American, Canadian, European, or Australian regulations as a Utility Category Aircraft, which indicates that it is permitted to conduct limited aerobatics. The approved maneuvers include chandelles, lazy eights, spins, and steep turns over 60° of bank.

In the United States, military utility aircraft are given the prefix U in their designations.
William A. Flemming
William Alexander Flemming (September 4, 1897 – June 19, 1976) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Colchester in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1928 to 1937. He was a member of the Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1897 at Truro, Nova Scotia, Flemming was educated at the Nova Scotia Agricultural College, and the Ontario Agricultural College. He married Helen Catherine Dunlop in 1919, and was a farmer and businessman by career. Flemming entered provincial politics in 1928, when he was elected in the dual-member Colchester riding with Conservative Frank Stanfield. In the 1933 election, he was re-elected with Conservative George Y. Thomas. Flemming did not reoffer in the 1937 election. He died at Truro on June 18, 1976.

Nova Scotia Agricultural College
45°22′15″N 63°15′26″W﻿ / ﻿45.37083°N 63.25722°W﻿ / 45.37083; -63.25722
Nova Scotia Agricultural College (NSAC) was a publicly owned Canadian university college (founded 14 February 1905 and administered within the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture) located at Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Agricultural College merged with Dalhousie University and became Dalhousie's Faculty of Agriculture on 1 September 2012. The popular nickname remains the "AC".
George Griffith (cricketer)
George Griffith (20 December 1833 – 3 May 1879) was an English cricketer. Known by his nickname "Ben" or the altogether more stirring "Lion Hitter", he was a high-quality all-rounder. Left-handed both as a batsman and bowler, he could bowl either fast roundarm or slow underarm, and he was also a fine fielder. He was born at Ripley, Surrey.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Natural numbers object
In category theory, a natural numbers object (NNO) is an object endowed with a recursive structure similar to natural numbers. More precisely, in a category E with a terminal object 1, an NNO N is given by:

a global element z : 1 → N, and

an arrow s : N → N,

such that for any object A of E, global element q : 1 → A, and arrow f : A → A, there exists a unique arrow u : N → A such that:

u ∘ z = q, and

u ∘ s = f ∘ u.

In other words, the triangle and square in the following diagram commute.

The pair (q, f) is sometimes called the recursion data for u, given in the form of a recursive definition:

⊢ u (z) = q

y ∈E N ⊢ u (s y) = f (u (y))

The above definition is the universal property of NNOs, meaning they are defined up to canonical isomorphism. If the arrow u as defined above merely has to exist, that is, uniqueness is not required, then N is called a weak NNO.

Glossary of mathematical jargon
The language of mathematics has a wide vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand for rigorous arguments or precise ideas. Much of this uses common English words, but with a specific non-obvious meaning when used in a mathematical sense.

Some phrases, like "in general",  appear below in more than one section.
1997 Davis Cup
The 1997 Davis Cup (also known as the 1997 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 86th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 127 teams entered the competition, 16 in the World Group, 25 in the Americas Zone, 29 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 57 in the Europe/Africa Zone. A new Group IV of competition was added to each regional zone, providing another level of promotion and relegation within each zone. Madagascar, Tajikistan and Uganda made their first appearances in the tournament.

Sweden defeated the United States in the final, held at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 28–30 November, to win their 6th title overall.

Sweden Davis Cup team
The Sweden Davis Cup team represents Sweden in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Swedish Tennis Association, known in Swedish as Svenska Tennisförbundet .

Sweden is the fifth most successful nation in Davis Cup history, having won the title 7 times, including 6 titles since the creation of the World Group in 1981. Since the abolition of the Challenge Round, Sweden holds the record for most consecutive years in the final  with seven years from 1983 to 1989 and have defended the title on two occasions in 1984–85 and 1997–98, a feat only also accomplished by the United States Davis Cup team.
2015 New Zealand Music Awards
The 2015 New Zealand Music Awards was the 49th holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. It took place on 19 November 2015 at Vector Arena in Auckland and was hosted by Taika Waititi. The awards show was broadcast live on TV3, and hosted by Sharyn Casey and Dominic Bowden. 2015 marks the 50th anniversary of the awards from its origins in 1965 as the Loxene Golden Disc.

The awards were dominated by Broods, who won Album of the Year, Best Group, Best Pop Album, and Radio Airplay Record of the Year. Marlon Williams won two awards, Best Male Solo Artist and Breakthrough Artist of the Year. Lorde won Single of the Year and shared the International Achievement award with Savage.

Sharyn Casey
Sharyn Mary-Ellen Casey (née Wakefield; born 24 December 1985) is a radio and TV host. She has hosted The Edge's drive show, the New Zealand version of Dancing with the Stars, and was a celebrity panelist on The Masked Singer NZ.
Roch Voisine
Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, OC CQ ONB (born 26 March 1963) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host who lives in Montreal and Paris. He writes and performs material in both English and French. He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994. In 1997, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Saint-Basile, New Brunswick
Saint-Basile is a community in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada. Formerly a separate municipality, it was amalgamated into the city of Edmundston on May 25, 1998. The 2006 Canadian Census recorded a population of 3,751.
Haviland & Co.
Haviland & Co. is a manufacturer of Limoges porcelain in France, begun in the 1840s by the American Haviland family, importers of porcelain to the US, which has always been the main market.  Its finest period is generally accepted to be the late 19th century, when it tracked wider artistic styles in innovative designs in porcelain, as well as stoneware and sometimes other ceramics.

Félix Bracquemond
Félix Henri Bracquemond (French pronunciation: [feliks ɑ̃ʁi bʁakmɔ̃]; 22 May 1833 – 29 October 1914) was a French painter, etcher, and printmaker. He played a key role in the revival of printmaking, encouraging artists such as Édouard Manet, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro to use this technique.

Unusually for a prominent artist of this period, he also designed pottery for a number of French factories, in an innovative style that marks the beginning of Japonisme in France.

He was the husband of the Impressionist painter Marie Bracquemond.
Batu Berendam
Batu Berendam (translated as immersed rock) is a town and suburb of Hang Tuah Jaya and Malacca City in the Malaysian state of Malacca. It is home to the state's principal airport and light aircraft manufacturing hub – Malacca Airport, as well as an eponymous industrial park, which houses mostly overseas-based electronics factory (notable ones include Infineon Technologies).

Until the 1970s, Batu Berendam was a relatively rural village, with agriculture being the main economic activity. Batu Berendam used to be accessible by train from Pulau Sebang like other towns along the Malacca River during the British colonial era, until the Japanese forces dismantled the railway tracks when occupying Malaya.

Hang Tuah Jaya
Hang Tuah Jaya is a planned area in the Malaysian state of Malacca created by its government as the state's administrative centre and smart city with economical, social, infrastructural and recreational developments. It is the only landlocked municipality in the state.
2022 TCCB Open
The 2022 TCCB Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Collonge-Bellerive, Switzerland between 28 August and 4 September 2022.

TCCB Open
The TCCB Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a $25,000 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournament and has been held in Collonge-Bellerive, Switzerland, since 2021. The tournament was offered $60,000 prize money between 2021 and 2023.
Brian Burke (ice hockey)
Brian P. Burke (born June 30, 1955) is an American-Canadian ice hockey executive, currently the Executive Director of the Professional Women's Hockey League Players Association (PWHLPA). He previously worked in the NHL league office, including as the director of hockey operations, and worked as general manager of the Hartford Whalers, Vancouver Canucks, Anaheim Ducks—with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2007—and Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as president of hockey operations for the Leafs, Calgary Flames, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Burke was general manager for the silver-medalist United States national team for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He is a member of Rugby Canada's board of directors. Burke was inducted into the Rhode Island Hockey Hall of Fame in 2019.

Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at Rogers Arena (then known as GM Place, and renamed Canada Hockey Place for the duration of the Games due to IOC sponsorship rules) in Vancouver, home of the National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks, and at UBC Winter Sports Centre, home of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport's UBC Thunderbirds. Twelve teams competed in the men's event and eight teams competed in the women's event. Canada won both tournaments with victories against the United States, while Finland won both bronze games, albeit against different opponents.

It was the fifth Olympic appearance for the Finns Jere Lehtinen and Teemu Selänne, thus making them only the sixth and seventh hockey players to compete at five Olympics after Udo Kießling, Petter Thoresen, Raimo Helminen, Dieter Hegen and Denis Perez (at the time, Helminen was the only ice hockey player to compete at six Olympics, but Selänne would join the group during the 2014 Sochi Olympics).
Winneshiek Shale
The Winneshiek Shale (originally the Winneshiek Lagerstätte) is a Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian-age) geological formation in Iowa. The formation is restricted to the Decorah crater, an impact crater near Decorah, Iowa. Despite only being discovered in 2005, the Winneshiek Shale is already renowned for the exceptional preservation of its fossils. The shale preserves a unique ecosystem, the Winneshiek biota, which is among the most remarkable Ordovician lagerstätten in the United States. Fossils include the oldest known eurypterid, Pentecopterus, as well as giant conodonts such as Iowagnathus and Archeognathus.

Bromalite
Bromalites are the fossilized remains of material sourced from the digestive system of organisms. As such, they can be broadly considered to be trace fossils.  The most well-known types of bromalites are fossilized faeces or coprolites.  However, other types are recognised, including: regurgitalites (fossilized remains of vomit or other regurgitated objects such as owl pellets); cololites (intestinal contents); and gastrolites (stomach contents).  Regurgitalites and coprolites are thus essentially known only after they have left the body of the producing organisms, whereas gastrolites and cololites are found in situ in their respective organs, but there are rare exceptions (see Seilacher, 2002).

Whilst coprolites and regurgitalites are often difficult to tie to a specific producer, all bromalites potentially provide important and sometimes unique evidence concerning diet and other trophic factors.  They are thus useful indicators for reconstructing ancient food webs in palaeoecology.
Robin Kåss
Robin Martin Kåss (born 10 January 1977 in Dublin, Ireland) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He has lived most of his life in Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway.

Kåss joined the Workers' Youth League at a young age, and was also active in JEF Norway. He was elected to Porsgrunn city council in 1995. After completing national service in the Royal Norwegian Navy, he moved to Liverpool, England to study medicine, graduating in 2003 with honours. He started as a family doctor in Skien, and later also became the medical director of the GP-led casualty unit. He was elected for a second term in Porsgrunn city council in 2007 after becoming leader of Porsgrunn Labour party the same year.

In October 2008 Kåss was appointed State Secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. In June 2010 he was appointed State Secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services.

In 2015 Kåss was elected Mayor of the city of Porsgrunn; he was reelected in 2019.

Ministry of Energy (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Energy (Norwegian: Energidepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry responsible for energy, including petroleum and natural gas production in the North Sea. It is led by Minister of Energy Terje Aasland of the Labour Party since 2022. The department must report to the legislature, the Storting.
Kenji Ikeda
Kenji Ikeda (池田健二, Ikeda Kenji) (born 1960) is a retired backstroke swimmer from Japan. He represented his native country at two consecutive Asian Games, in 1978 and 1982 where he won a total of four gold medals and a bronze one. He is best known for breaking a record at a 100m backstroke competition from the 1978 Asian Games while only 18 years of age. He became the first athlete in Asia to break the 1-minute mark in the men's 100-meter backstroke, timing 59.91 to take the gold medal for Japan. He held the record until 1983.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Beacon Academy, Cleethorpes
Beacon Academy is a coeducational secondary school sponsored by the Wellspring Academy Trust, in Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire.

Beacon Academy opened on 1 September 2017. The Wellspring Academy Trust was granted sponsorship of the academy on 1 March 2017.

The academy is situated in the Beacon Hill area of Cleethorpes.

North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. It borders the borough of North Lincolnshire and districts of West Lindsey and East Lindsey. The population of the district in the 2011 Census was 159,616. The administrative centre and largest settlement is Grimsby and the borough includes the towns of Cleethorpes and Immingham as well as the villages of New Waltham, Waltham, Humberston, Healing and Great Coates. The borough is also home to the Port of Grimsby and Port of Immingham as well as Cleethorpes beach.
Teledeltos
Teledeltos paper is an electrically conductive paper. It is formed by a coating of carbon on one side of a sheet of paper, giving one black and one white side. Western Union developed Teledeltos paper in the late 1940s (several decades after it was already in use for mathematical modelling) for use in spark printer based fax machines and chart recorders.

Teledeltos paper has several uses within engineering that are far removed from its original use in spark printers. Many of these use the paper to model the distribution of electric potential and other scalar fields.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
Ingrid Martins
Ingrid Gamarra Martins (born 22 August 1996) is a Brazilian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has a career-high ranking of No. 47 in doubles, attained on 6 November 2023. She also reached a best singles ranking of No. 448 on 31 January 2022. She has won two WTA Tour doubles titles, both at the 250 level.

Martins graduated from the University of South Carolina in 2019, majoring in integrated information technology. As a member of the Gamecocks, she won the 2019 Southeastern Conference tournament, with MVP and Player of the Year honors, ending her college tennis career ranked fourth in the Intercollegiate Tennis Association rankings.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Human polyomavirus 2
Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus. It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, and by Silverman and Rubinstein. It was later isolated in culture and named using the initials of a patient by the name of John Cunningham from whom it was isolated and had developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The virus causes leukoencephalopathy and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency, as in AIDS or during treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. in organ transplant patients).

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be immunocompromised.
Péter Doszpot
Péter Doszpot (born 4 December 1962, in Debrecen) was a Hungarian Member of Parliament and a member of Hungarian Socialist Party. After the elections in 2002, he was working as the vice president of Parliament's policing committee. Formerly, he was one of the most famous policemen working on high-profile murder cases in Hungary. He was often referred to as the "starcop". 
His nephew's biographical book about him was published in 2001.

Debrecen
Debrecen (/ˈdɛbrətsɛn/ DEB-rət-sen; Hungarian: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn] ⓘ; German: Debrezin [ˈdɛbʁɛt͡siːn] ⓘ; Slovak: Debrecín [ˈɟɛbrɛt͡siːn] Romanian: Debrețin) is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen.
Iridana tororo
Iridana tororo is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in eastern Uganda and western Kenya. Indeed, the species which these belong to can be found across Africa, in the Afrotropical Realm.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.