hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). That gauge was particularly promoted by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in colonies of the British Empire.

Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within engineering tolerance of 762 mm (30.0 in).

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Yardley London
Yardley London (commonly known as Yardley) is a British brand of personal care products, and it is one of the oldest companies in the world to specialise in cosmetics, fragrances and related personal care items. Established in 1770, the firm became a major producer of soap and perfumery by the beginning of the 20th century.

By 1910, the company had moved to London's upmarket Bond Street, and Yardley received its first Royal Warrant in 1921. Today, the company holds two Royal Warrants. Since 2009, Yardley has been owned by Wipro Enterprises, an Indian multinational conglomerate.

Fragrance compound
A fragrance compound (or fragrance) is a chemical compound with a pleasant odor. Fragrances affect only the sense of smell, whereas flavors can affect both the sense of taste and smell. Fragrances are often mixtures of individual fragrance compounds. Although many fragrances are derived from natural sources, many are synthetic. Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics and are the basis for a large industry.
Jutta Lampe
Jutta Lampe (13 December 1937 – 3 December 2020) was a German actress on stage and in film. She was for 30 years a leading actress at the Schaubühne founded in Berlin by her husband Peter Stein, where she played both classical theatre such as Alkmene in Kleist's Amphitryon, and world premieres including Robert Wilson's Orlando for one actor, and roles that Botho Strauß created for her. She was also engaged at the Vienna Burgtheater and the Schauspielhaus Zürich. She appeared in more than twenty films from 1963, including lead roles in films by Margarethe von Trotta. Lampe was named Actress of the Year by Theater heute several times. Other awards included the Gertrud-Eysoldt-Ring and the Joana Maria Gorvin Prize for her life's work.

Torquato Tasso (play)
Torquato Tasso is a play in verse by the German dramatist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the sixteenth-century Italian poet and courtier Torquato Tasso and his descent into madness. The composition of the play began in Weimar in 1780 but most of it was written between 1786 and 1788, while Goethe was in Italy. He completed the play in 1790.
Crozet Historic District
The Crozet Historic District is a national historic district located in Crozet, Albemarle County, Virginia.  The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 28, 2012.  It includes 227 properties deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area along with 73 additional non-contributing properties for a total of 300 properties. They include representative examples of the mid-19th century Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styles, late-Victorian Italianate, Queen Anne, and Victorian styles and from the late-19th century- and early-20th century, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Bungalow/Craftsman and Commercial styles.  The district also includes examples of modern-era Postmodern style.

Albemarle County, Virginia
Albemarle County is located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,395.

Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County, though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties. Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle. Its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson, who built his estate home, Monticello, in the county.
Canada–Ukraine relations
Diplomatic relations between Canada and Ukraine were formally established in 1991, following Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union. However, the two countries' relationship dates back further, due to the long history of Ukrainian immigration to Canada.

Global Affairs Canada
Global Affairs Canada (GAC; French: Affaires mondiales Canada; AMC) is the department of the Government of Canada that manages Canada's diplomatic and consular relations, promotes Canadian international trade, and leads Canada's international development and humanitarian assistance. It is also responsible for maintaining Canadian government offices abroad with diplomatic and consular status on behalf of all government departments.

According to the OECD, Canada's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$7.8 billion, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to exceptional support to Ukraine and its pandemic response in developing countries, increased costs for in-donor refugees as well as higher contributions to international organizations, representing 0.37% of gross national income (GNI).
Soviet ship Bditelny
Bditelny (Russian: Бдительный, romanized: "Vigilant"), also spelled Bditelnyy or Bditel'nyy, is the name of the following ships of the Russian Navy and/or Soviet Navy:

Russian destroyer Bditelny, a Inzhener-mekhanik Zverev-class destroyer launched in 1906 and sunk by a mine in 1917

Soviet corvette Bditelny, a Grisha-class corvette in commission 1981–1998.

Soviet destroyer Bditelny (1937), a Gnevny-class destroyer sunk by aircraft in 1942

Soviet destroyer Bditelny (1949), a Skory-class destroyer

Soviet frigate Bditelnyy, a Krivak-class frigate in commission 1970–1996

Soviet guard ship Bditelny, a Yastreb-class guard ship laid down in 1940 but scrapped before completion.

Russian patrol boat Bditelny, a Rubin-class patrol boat commissioned in 2017.

Rubin-class patrol boat
The Rubin class, Russian designation Project 22460 Okhotnik (Russian: Охотник, lit. 'Hunter'), is a class of Russian border patrol vessels being constructed for the Russian Coast Guard. It is designed to combat surface and airborne targets and threats. It can also conduct patrol and convoy escort duties. It is equipped with a Horizon Air S-100, a license-built version of the Austrian Camcopter S-100 helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle, which is intended for search, detection and identification of small high-speed sea targets at a distance of 150 km (93 mi) from the carrier vessel.

On the 20 December, 2025 one of these ships has been reported to have been attacked by Ukraine.
Everton (Bassetlaw electoral ward)
Everton is an electoral ward in the district of Bassetlaw. The ward elects one councillor to Bassetlaw District Council using the first past the post electoral system for a four-year term in office. The number of registered voters in the ward is 1,997 as of 2019.

It consists of the villages of Everton, Gringley on the Hill, Misson and Scaftworth.

The ward was created in 1979 following a review of ward boundaries in Bassetlaw by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England.

Gringley on the Hill
Gringley on the Hill, Nottinghamshire, is an English village and parish. The population of the civil parish was 699 at the 2011 census, rising to 854 in 2021. It lies on the highest point of the road from Bawtry to Gainsborough, six miles east-south-east of the former and the same distance west by north of the latter.
Gonio (settlement)
Gonio (Georgian: გონიო) is a settlement south of Batumi, in the Gonio-Kvariati district of the city. It is located on the left side of the river Chorokhi. Gonio is one of the popular Black Sea resorts in Georgia. A radar station is located in Gonio. According to the data of 2002, 2,886 people live in the settlement.

Çoruh
The Chorokh (Georgian: ჭოროხი Ch'orokhi [t͡ʃʼo̞ɾo̞χi], Turkish: Çoruh, Armenian: Ճորոխ Chorokh, Azerbaijani: Çorox, Greek: Άκαμψις, Akampsis) is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İspir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of the Turkey-Georgia border.

In Arrian's Periplus Ponti Euxini, it is called the Acampsis (Greek: Άκαμψις); Pliny may have confused it with the Bathys. Procopius writes that it was called Acampsis because it was impossible to force a way through it after it has entered the sea, since it discharges its stream with such force and swiftness, causing a great disturbance of the water before it, that it goes out for a very great distance into the sea and makes it impossible to coast along at that point.

In English, it was formerly known as the Boas, the Churuk, or the Chorokh.
Ronnie Mann
Ronnie Mann (born 12 October 1986) is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the featherweight division. A professional competitor from 2003 to 2017, Mann has mostly fought in England and Japan. Mann is a veteran of the former top English organisation Cage Rage Championships and was a quarterfinalist in the Sengoku Featherweight Grand Prix in 2009, losing to Hatsu Hioki.

World Extreme Cagefighting
World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006.  In its final incarnation, it was made up of 3 weight classes: 135 lb (61 kg), 145 lb (66 kg) and 155 lb (70 kg). To accommodate the smaller fighters, WEC's cage was 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter—5 feet (1.5 m) smaller than the standard UFC cage.  The smaller cage is now used by UFC for selected events.
WLKI
WLKI (100.3 FM) is an American FM radio station licensed to and based in Angola, Indiana, and serving portions of northeastern Indiana, northwestern Ohio, and south-central Michigan. Owned by Coldwater, Michigan businessman Stephen Swick, the station airs a hybrid adult contemporary/Hot AC music format branded as FM's Best.

WLKI's primary service area includes the cities of Angola, Fremont, Butler, Clear Lake, Howe, LaGrange, Orland, and Waterloo in Indiana, Coldwater, Bronson and Camden in Michigan, and Edon, Ohio. Its signal reaches portions of DeKalb County, and can be heard as far away as Hudson, Michigan although reception farther east is impeded by co-channel WNIC in the Detroit area.

Bronson, Michigan
Bronson is a city in Branch County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 2,307 at the 2020 census.  Incorporated as a city in 1934, Bronson is mostly surrounded by Bronson Township, but the two are administered autonomously.
Raisa Musina
Raisa Aleksandrovna Musina (Russian: Раиса Александровна Мусина; born March 31, 1998) is a Russian basketball player for UMMC Ekaterinburg and the Russian national team. She participated at the EuroBasket Women 2017.

EuroBasket Women 2017
The 2017 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2017, was the 36th edition of the continental tournament in women's basketball, sanctioned by the FIBA Europe. The tournament was awarded to Czech Republic after winning the bid to Serbia. The tournament also serves as a qualification for the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup in Spain, with the top five nations qualifying. As hosts Spain finished in the top five, the sixth placed team also qualified.

The championship was reverted to a 16 teams championship, after the 20 teams that participated in 2015.

Spain defeated France 71–55 in the final to win their third title.

In total, 61 556 people visited this event.
History of Greek Sicily
The history of Greek Sicily (Ancient Greek: Σικελία) began with the foundation of the first Greek colonies around the mid 8th century BC. The Greeks of Sicily were known as Siceliotes.

Over the following centuries many conflicts between the city-states occurred until around 276 BC Pyrrhus of Epirus managed to conquer the whole island except Carthaginian Lilybaeum. After the First Punic War in 241 BC the island was conquered by the Romans.

Marsala
Marsala (Italian: [marˈsaːla], local Sicilian: [maɪsˈsaːla]; Latin: Lilybaeum) is a city and comune located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily. With a population of 79,693, Marsala is the fifth largest city in Sicily.

The town is famous for the docking of Giuseppe Garibaldi on 11 May 1860 (the Expedition of the Thousand) and for its Marsala wine. A feature of the area is the Stagnone Lagoon Natural Reserve – a marine area with salt ponds.
Stan Barnes (politician)
Stan Barnes (born August 18, 1961) is an American politician who served in the Arizona House of Representatives from the 21st district from 1989 to 1993 and in the Arizona Senate from the 21st district from 1995 to 1997.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Thornwood Common
Thornwood Common is a village on the B1393 road, in the civil parish of North Weald Bassett and the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 1016.

The town of Epping is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south. The hamlet of Thornwood is conjoined to the village at the north. Thornwood Common Flood Meadow is a Local Nature Reserve.

Epping, Essex
Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest District of Essex, England. It lies 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London. It is surrounded by the northern end of Epping Forest, and stands on a ridge of land between the River Roding and River Lea valleys.

Epping forms part of the London commuter belt; it is the eastern terminus of the London Underground's Central line, and the town lies just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. The town has a number of historic Grade I and II* and Grade II listed buildings. The weekly market, which dates to 1253, is held each Monday.

As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Coopersale and Fiddlers Hamlet. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 12,547 and the built up area had a population of 10,695.

Epping became twinned with the German town of Eppingen in north-west Baden-Württemberg in 1981.
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase
In enzymology, a 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.96) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2  5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol, NADP+, and H2O.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Skateboarding at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games
The skateboarding events at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games were held at the Skate Park, located in the Olympic Park in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area. The events were contested between August 10 and 11, 2025.

Two street events were contested, one for men and one for women. The winner of each event qualified for the 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.

Parque Olímpico, Paraguay
The Parque Olímpico ('Olympic Park') is a sports complex in Luque, Paraguay, near the country's capital, Asunción. It is owned by the Paraguayan Olympic Committee, and was inaugurated on June 1, 2017. The construction had an investment of more than 59,000 million guaraníes.

It has an Olympic Training Center, a synthetic athletics track, a multipurpose sports center, a tennis complex, volleyball and beach soccer courts, a shooting range, among others.

The park hosted the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. In 2022 it was one of the main venues for the 2022 South American Games, and in 2025 it was for the 2025 Junior Pan American Games.
Chillesford Church Pit
Chillesford Church Pit is a 1.1-hectare (2.7-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Chillesford, south of Saxmundham in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and it is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

This site has deposits dating to the Early Pleistocene Bramertonian Stage, around 2.4 to 1.8 million years ago. Fossils of molluscs and pollen indicate a temperate climate dating to the Chillesford Crag formation. The Chillesford Clay and Chillesford Crag are parts for the Norwich Crag Formation.

The site is private land with no public access.

Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age and the Calabrian Age.

While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC.
2002 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2002 MTV Europe Music Awards were held at Palau Sant Jordi, Barcelona.

Performances included a rendition of "Dirrty" from Christina Aguilera featuring Redman as they performed in a boxing ring with Aguilera sporting leather chaps. Whitney Houston, Pink, Bon Jovi and Foo Fighters each performed as did Coldplay and Eminem, both making their EMA debut.

Winners on the night included Jennifer Lopez, taking Best Female for the second year running.

Kylie Minogue, Pamela Anderson, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Jade Jagger, Pierce Brosnan. Anastacia, Rachel Roberts, and Melanie C presented awards.

Palau Sant Jordi
Palau Sant Jordi (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈlaw ˈsaɲ ˈʒɔɾði], English: St. George's Palace) is an indoor sporting arena and multi-purpose installation that is part of the Olympic Ring complex located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by the Japanese architect Arata Isozaki, it was opened in 1990. The maximum seating capacity of the arena is 17,960. Since the inauguration, it is the largest indoor arena by capacity in Spain.

The Palau Sant Jordi was one of the main venues of the  Summer Olympics hosting the artistic gymnastics, handball, and volleyball events. Today, it is used for a variety of indoor sport events as well as for concerts and other cultural activities, due to its great flexibility.
High Council of State (Algeria)
The High Council of State in Algeria was a collective presidency set up by the Algerian High Council of Security on 14 January 1992 following the annulled elections in December 1991.

It originally consisted of:

Mohamed Boudiaf (PRS)

Ali Kafi (FLN)

Redha Malek, Prime Minister (from July 1992)

Major General Khaled Nezzar, Defense Minister

Ali Haroun (FLN)

Tedjini Haddam

Chairman of the HCS was Mohamed Boudiaf from January 16, 1992 until his assassination on June 29, 1992. He was succeeded as Chairman by Ali Kafi until the HCS was replaced by president Liamine Zéroual in January 1994.

Redha Malek
Redha Malek (Arabic: رضا مالك) (21 December 1931 – 29 July 2017) was an Algerian politician who served as Prime Minister of Algeria from 21 August 1993 to 11 April 1994. During his short term of office, which came in the early years of the Algerian Civil War, he pursued a hardline anti-Islamist policy and successfully negotiated debt relief with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), following the implementation of an IMF reform plan. He was known for his support of a free market economy.
AMVCA for Best Actress in a Drama
The Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Drama is an award presented annually by Multichoice. It has been awarded since the 1st Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in an African drama film.

The first Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Award ceremony was held in 2013 with Jackie Appiah receiving the award for The Perfect Picture (2009). In 2015, Bankole received the honour again for her performance in October 1. As of 2024, Kehinde Bankole and Osas Ighodaro are the most honoured actresses with two awards each. The recent winner is Kehinde Bankole for Adire (2023).

Kehinde Bankole
Kehinde Bankole Listenⓘ (born 27 March 1985) is a Nigerian actress, model, and television host. She made her entertainment debut in Miss Commonwealth Nigeria 2003, then proceeded with MBGN 2004. She was named Revelation of the Year at the 2009 Best of Nollywood Awards, two years after her first screen feature in Wale Adenuga's Super Story.