hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Music-specific disorders
Music-specific disorders impede one's ability to comprehend, respond to, and enjoy music; these disorders can be both congenital (present at birth) and acquired. They may interfere with one's ability to perceive elements of music, such as pitch, melody, harmony, and rhythm; the ability to react both emotionally and with bodily movements (e.g. dancing) to music; to form music-related memories; and the ability to create and perform music. While music is traditionally regarded as a purely auditory phenomenon, modern scientific study of music – the musicology – is a interdiscipline between psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Investigating music-specific disorders under these scopes has helped us better understand the psychology and neuroscience of music.

Elements of music
Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts (aspects, characteristics, features), individually or together. A commonly used list of the main elements includes pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration, and form. The elements of music may be compared to the elements of art or design.
Bank of Ireland
Bank of Ireland Group plc (Irish: Banc na hÉireann) is a commercial bank operation in Ireland and one of the traditional Big Four Irish banks. Historically the premier banking organisation in Ireland, the bank occupies a unique position in Irish banking history. At the core of the modern-day group is the old Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, the ancient institution established by royal charter in 1783.

Bank of Ireland has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
2013 Rolex Sports Car Series
The 2013 Rolex Sports Car Series season was the fourteenth and final season of the Grand American Road Racing Association's premier series, before merging up with the American Le Mans Series in 2014. It began on January 26, with the 51st running of the 24 Hours of Daytona.

As the NASCAR Holdings acquisition of Panoz Motor Sports, and IMSA, had already taken place, this season is technically one of two series that formed the 43rd season of the IMSA GT Championship that dates to 1971.

Grand-Am Road Racing
Grand-Am Road Racing or Grand-Am was an auto racing sanctioning body that was established in 1999 to organize road racing competitions in North America. Its primary focus was the Rolex Sports Car Series, an endurance racing championship series. It sanctioned five auto racing series. The series announced in September 2012 that it would be merging with the American Le Mans Series, which had been Grand-Am's main US competitor since its inception. The two series fully merged in 2014 under the banner of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, with the International Motor Sports Association.
Hingley
Hingley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Hingley (born 1982), Australian adventurer

Benjamin Hingley (1830–1905), English ironmaster and Liberal politician

George Benjamin Hingley (1850–1918), English industrialist

Noah Hingley (1796–1877), English industrialist

Robert "Bucket" Hingley, British musician

Ronald Hingley (1920–2010), English scholar, translator and historian

Tom Hingley (born 1965), British musician

Anna Hingley
Anna Hingley (born 1982) is the first woman to ride on horseback across the Australian Outback, which she completed on 5 August 2006.  The 3,510 kilometres (2,180 mi) journey was undertaken to raise A$100,000 for Angel Flight, an Australian charity that co-ordinates non-emergency flights for financially and medically needy people.

Hingley and Ostwald met in 2004 while Hingley was travelling from Sydney to Darwin by bus as part of a year-long backpacking tour. Ostwald was driving the bus and their conversation turned to their mutual passion for horses. They decided to perform the trek while visiting Hingley's parents in December 2005.
Aleksander Kryczyński
Aleksander Kryczyński (died 1673 in Bar) was a Lipka Tatar military captain and a rotmistrz (rotamaster). He first served the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, but then in 1672 led the Lipka Rebellion and defected to the Ottoman Empire.

He was a participant in military action during the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the Polish–Ottoman War from 1672 to 1676. As the bey of the fortress in Bar, he was murdered in 1673 by his own troops during the rebellion. The administration of the castle went to his son.

The history of Kryczyński provided inspiration for the character Azja in the novel Fire in the Steppe by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz.

Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
The Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676 was fought by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. It ended with the Treaty of Żurawno, by which the Commonwealth ceded control of most of its territories in Central Ukraine to the Ottomans. It was a prelude to the Great Turkish War.
Lincoln Blue Tigers
The Lincoln Blue Tigers  are the athletic teams that represent Lincoln University, located in Jefferson City, Missouri, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division II ranks, primarily competing in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) since the 2024–25 academic year. The Blue Tigers previously competed in the Heartland Conference (1999–2010) and the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (1970–1999 and 2010–2024).

Great Lakes Valley Conference
The Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. Its fifteen member institutions are located in the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri. There are also thirteen associate members that participate in sports not sponsored by their home conferences.
Kitty Fitzgerald
Kitty Fitzgerald (born 25 September 1946) is an Irish born writer.

Kitty Fitzgerald was born in Ireland. She grew up in Yorkshire and lives in Northumberland. She gained a degree in English as a mature student and went on to become a full time writer shortly after that. She is a novelist, poet and playwright. She has written 4 radio plays for the BBC, eight plays for the theatre and film, as well as fiction and poetry. She also worked as editor for IRON Press. Fitzgerald has been awarded Hawthornden Castle Fellowship. For her film Dream On she won the award of the most original screenplay at La Baule Film Festival. Fitzgerald won the Short Story Competition in Notes from the Underground/Latitude Festival in 2009.  She has also won a Time to Write Award and a Hosking Houses Trust Writing Award. In 2015 Fitzgerald was Writer-in-Residence for the University of Manitoba in their Centre for Creative Writing and Oral Culture.

Hawthornden Castle
Hawthornden Castle is located on the River North Esk in Midlothian, Scotland. The castle lies a mile to the east of Roslin at grid reference NT287637, and is just downstream from Roslin Castle. Hawthornden comprises a 15th-century ruin, with a 17th-century L-plan house attached. The house has been restored and now serves as a writer's retreat. Man-made caves in the rock beneath the castle have been in use for much longer than the castle itself.
Manford
Manford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Donald Manford (1934–1991), American politician

Jason Manford (born 1981), English comedian, singer, television presenter, and actor

Jeanne Manford (1920–2013), American activist

Jason Manford
Jason John Manford (born 26 May 1981) is an English comedian, singer, presenter and actor.

Manford was a team captain on the Channel 4 panel show 8 Out of 10 Cats from 2007 until 2010 and has presented television shows for the BBC and ITV including Comedy Rocks (2010–2011), The One Show (2010), Show Me the Funny (2011), A Question of Sport: Super Saturday (2014), Bigheads (2017) and Children in Need (2022), and was one of four judges on ITV's Starstruck (2022).

Manford has starred in stage musicals in the West End and across the UK such as Sweeney Todd, The Producers, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Guys and Dolls, Curtains and The Wizard of Oz.
Nauarchus
Nauarchus is a genus of freshwater hydrozoans in the family Olindiidae. Like all members of that family, they have a polyp phase and a medusa phase. The genus is monotypic, including only the species Nauarchus halius.

Polyp (zoology)
A polyp in zoology is one of two forms  found in the phylum Cnidaria, the other being the medusa. Polyps are roughly cylindrical in shape and elongated at the axis of the vase-shaped body. In solitary polyps, the aboral (opposite to oral) end is attached to the substrate by means of a disc-like holdfast called a pedal disc, while in colonies of polyps it is connected to other polyps, either directly or indirectly. The oral end contains the mouth, and is surrounded by a circlet of tentacles.
Andrew Squire (cricketer)
Andrew John Squire (born 9 March 1964) is a former English cricketer.  Squire was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Mildenhall, Suffolk.

Squire made his debut for Suffolk in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire.  Squire played Minor counties cricket infrequently for Suffolk from 1985 to 2001, which included 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Essex in the 1993 NatWest Trophy.  He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Herefordshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 46 runs at an average of 11.50, with a high score of 29.

2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.
2025 Copa Libertadores Femenina
The 2025 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina was the 17th edition of the CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina (also referred to as the Copa Libertadores Femenina), South America's premier women's club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The competition was held in Argentina from 2 to 18 October 2025.

Brazilian club Corinthians were the champions, winning their sixth Copa Libertadores Femenina title and third in a row after defeating Colombian club Deportivo Cali on penalty kicks in the final. As champions, Corinthians qualified for the inaugural FIFA Women's Champions Cup to be held in 2026.

2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup
The 2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup was the first edition of FIFA Women's Champions Cup organised by FIFA. The tournament featured the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, playing each other in a single-elimination bracket, to determine the world's premier women's club team.

The first two matches were played in the home stadium of a team involved in each match, and the final four matches (including the final) were played in London.
Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization
Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimisation (QPBO) is a combinatorial optimization method for minimizing quadratic pseudo-Boolean functions in the form

in the binary variables , with . If  is submodular then QPBO produces a global optimum equivalently to graph cut optimization, while if  contains non-submodular terms then the algorithm produces a partial solution with specific optimality properties, in both cases in polynomial time.

QPBO is a useful tool for inference on Markov random fields and conditional random fields, and has applications in computer vision problems such as image segmentation and stereo matching.

NP-hardness
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for  every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H's solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time. As a consequence, finding a polynomial time algorithm to solve a single NP-hard problem would give polynomial time algorithms for all the problems in the complexity class NP. As it is suspected, but unproven, that P≠NP, it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithms for NP-hard problems exist.

A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem.

Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are provably not NP-hard (unless P=NP).
Congleton Town F.C.
Congleton Town Football Club is an association football club based in Congleton, Cheshire, England. They currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One West and are full members of the Cheshire County Football Association. The club have played in a number of regional leagues in the Cheshire area.

Cheshire Football Association
The Cheshire Football Association, also simply known as Cheshire FA, is the governing body of football in the county of Cheshire, England. They are responsible for the governance and development of football at all levels in the county.
Päivi Istala
Päivi Istala (born 31 March 1947 in Imatra ) is a Finnish journalist. She worked as a radio journalist for the Finnish Broadcasting Company YLE from 1967 to 2011. She graduated with a degree in playwrighting from the  Helsinki Theatre Academy in 1971 and served as the city theater director in Kemi from 1975 to 1981. She has been awarded, among other things, the Finland State Award for Public Information, the Hella Award, and the Cross of Merit of the Order of the White Rose of Finland. Ms. Istala retired at the end of January 2011, and published her memoirs Cross Appeal and Other Stories of life. She serves as the Chair of the Saima Harmaja Society, commemorating the Finnish poet.

Order of the White Rose of Finland
The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Swedish: Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board.
Moe n' Joe
"Moe n' Joe" is the 75th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the 10th of the show's sixth season. Written by Matthew Weiner and directed by Steve Shill, it originally aired on May 14, 2006.

Steve Shill
Stephen A Shill (born 1957) is a British television and film director, actor, screenwriter and television producer. His directing credits include EastEnders, Casualty, The Sopranos, The Wire,  Rome, Carnivàle, Deadwood, Big Love, The Tudors, Brotherhood, Dexter, The Kill Point, Knight Rider, Law & Order, Night Stalker, Invasion, Commander in Chief, Dragnet, ER, The West Wing,  Deadwood, Obsessed, Ben Hur, The Good Wife. His acting credits include The Last Temptation of Christ, Kinsey, and Being Human.
Japalura kumaonensis
Japalura kumaonensis (common names: Kumaon mountain lizard, Kumaon forest agama) is an agamid lizard found in northern India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Tibet (China). It was described based on specimens from Mussoorie and from Nainital in the Kumaon division, the latter reflected in the specific name kumaonensis.

Mussoorie
Mussoorie (Hindi: [məsuːɾiː]) is a hill station and a municipal board in the Dehradun district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the state capital of Dehradun and 300 km (190 mi) north of the national capital of New Delhi. The hill station is in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour, which includes a military cantonment, is considered part of "greater Mussoorie", as are the townships Barlowganj and Jharipani.

Mussoorie is at an average altitude of 2,001 metres (6,565 ft). To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Doon Valley and Sivalik Hills ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over 2,258 m (7,408 ft). Mussoorie is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills.

There were 3.02 million (30.23 lac) travellers to Mussoorie in 2019.
WGGI (AM)
WGGI (990 kHz) is an American AM radio station, licensed to serve Somerset, Pennsylvania; the seat of country music for Somerset County. The station broadcasts with a maximum output power of 10,000 watts during the day and greatly reduces power to 100 watts at night, using a two-tower directional antenna system. The station is a simulcast of WFGI-FM in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
Baron Riversdale
Baron Riversdale, of Rathcormuck in the County of Cork, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 13 October 1783 for William Tonson, who had earlier represented Rathcormack and Tuam in the Irish House of Commons. His eighth son, the third Baron (who succeeded his elder brother in 1848), was Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert. The title became extinct on his death in 1861. The Tonson family descended from Benjamin Tonson, Treasurer of the Navy during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. His descendant Richard Tonson was granted lands in Ireland for his services during the English Civil War and settled at Spanish Island, County Cork. His grandson Richard Tonson was a member of the Irish Parliament for Baltimore for many years. The latter's only son was the aforementioned William Tonson who was elevated to the peerage in 1783.

Treasurer of the Navy
The Treasurer of the Navy, originally called Treasurer of Marine Causes or Paymaster of the Navy, was a civilian officer of the Royal Navy, one of the principal commissioners of the Navy Board responsible for naval finance from 1524 to 1832. The treasurer was based at the Navy Pay Office.
Zdrzychów
Zdrzychów [ˈzdʐɨxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dalików, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Dalików, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Poddębice, and 27 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
William Crooks (Canadian politician)
William Crooks (August 6, 1776 – December 31, 1836) was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland in 1776. In 1792, he travelled to Fort Niagara to join his brother James Crooks who was a merchant there; in 1795, the business was moved to Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake). With his brother, he was involved in milling and a distillery. In 1800, he was named justice of the peace in the Niagara District and, in 1833, in the Gore District. Crooks served as a captain in the local militia during the War of 1812. In 1830, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for the 2nd and 3rd ridings of Lincoln. He died at Niagara in 1836.

Gore District, Upper Canada
The Gore District was a historic district in Upper Canada which existed until 1849. It was formed in 1816 from parts of York County in the Home District and parts of the Niagara District. The district town was Hamilton.

Two new counties were created:

Wentworth

Halton

In 1838, parts of Halton County and parts of Home and Huron Districts were separated to form a new Wellington District.

In 1849, the district was replaced by the United Counties of Wentworth and Halton, which were separated again in 1854.
Beauty World (TV series)
Beauty World, also known as Tang Gong Meiren Tianxia and World of a Beauty, is a Chinese fantasy-supernatural television series set in the Tang dynasty. It was directed by Lee Wai-chu, produced and written by Yu Zheng, and starred Zhang Ting, Ming Dow, Li Xiaolu, Mickey He, Zheng Guolin, Yang Mi and Tong Liya in the leading roles. The series is regarded as a counterpart to Beauty's Rival in Palace, a similar 2010 television series set in the Han Dynasty. It was first aired on 21 October 2011 on Guangzhou Zonghe Channel in mainland China.

Empress Zhangsun
Empress Zhangsun (長孫皇后, personal name unknown, presumably Wugou (無垢) (15 March 601 – 28 July 636), formally Empress Wendeshunsheng (文德順聖皇后, literally "the civil, virtuous, serene, and holy empress") or, in short, Empress Wende (文德皇后), was a Chinese essayist and an empress of the Chinese Tang dynasty. She was the wife of Emperor Taizong and the mother of Emperor Gaozong. She was well educated, and her ancestors were of Xianbei ethnicity. Their original surname was Tuoba, later changed to Zhangsun. During her tenure as empress, she served as a loyal assistant and honest advisor to her husband, Emperor Taizong.
Rudolf Lettinger
Rudolf Lettinger (26 October 1865 in Hamburg – 21 March 1937 in Berlin-Schöneberg) was a German stage and film actor. He made his stage debut in 1883 when he played the role of Kosinsky in Friedrich Schiller's drama The Robbers. Some of his more prominent roles in his prestigious stage career were Cyrano de Bergerac and Gessler in William Tell. He also worked with acclaimed stage director Max Reinhardt. In 1912, Lettinger played his first film role in Das Geheimnis von Monte Carlo. Lettinger appeared in over 90 films until 1931, mostly as a supporting actor. His best-known film is perhaps The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), where Lettinger portrayed Dr. Olsen.

Schöneberg
Schöneberg (German: [ˈʃøːnəbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin, Germany. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. Together with the former borough of Tempelhof it is now part of the new borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg.