hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Act for Regulating Surveyors
The Act for Regulating Surveyors of 1683 was a law of the Colony of Jamaica that provided that the Crown surveyor was to be responsible for surveys in Jamaica only when the Crown was a party to the relevant matter and that otherwise, any person may make a survey. It was revised by An Act For Further Directing and Regulating the Proceedings of Surveys in the same year. The acts were significant due to the importance of surveys in the functioning of the plantation economy of the colony.

Plantation economy
A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent crops included cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal, Red Sandalwood, and species in the genus Indigofera, used to produce indigo dye.

The longer a crop's harvest period, the more efficient plantations become. Economies of scale are also achieved when the distance to market is long. Plantation crops usually need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugarcane, tea, sisal, and palm oil are most suited to plantations, while coconuts, rubber, and cotton are suitable to a lesser extent.
Saratoga National Historical Park
Saratoga National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in the Town of Stillwater in eastern New York, 30 miles north of Albany. 
The park preserves the site of the Battles of Saratoga. In 2015, the United States Mint released a commemorative quarter as part of the America the Beautiful series honoring the park.

United States Mint
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and was soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
The Dark Side: Secrets of the Sports Dopers
"The Dark Side: Secrets of the Sports Dopers", investigating professional athletes' possible use of performance-enhancing substances, is an episode of Al Jazeera Investigates which was broadcast by Al Jazeera English and Al Jazeera America. The documentary identified Peyton Manning, Ryan Howard, Ryan Zimmerman, James Harrison, and Clay Matthews III.

Al Jazeera Investigations
Al Jazeera Investigations also known as the Al Jazeera Investigative Unit or the I-Unit is a specialized investigative journalism team within Al Jazeera. The unit is known for producing in-depth investigative reports and documentaries on a wide range of global issues, including politics, human rights and corruption. It produces a podcast called Al Jazeera Investigates.
MOS Technology 6532
The 6532 RAM-I/O-Timer (RIOT) was an integrated circuit made by MOS Technology, as well as second sources such as Rockwell. It incorporates 128 bytes of static RAM, two bidirectional 8-bit digital input/output ports, and an 8-bit Programmable interval timer (with pre-divider). This high degree of integration made it popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as it could take the place of several different integrated circuits (ICs).

It is used in the Atari 2600 video game console. The chip was also deployed in Gottlieb pinball machines, such as Haunted House and Black Hole, the Atari 810 and 1050 disk drives, as well as Commodore's 8050, 8250 & 8250LP PET disk drives. The Atari 850 Interface, which gives the Atari 400 and 800 computers an RS-232 interface, uses two 6532 chips.

6532 ICs were available in 1 MHz and 2 MHz versions. The form factor was a 40-pin ceramic or plastic DIP package.

Haunted House (pinball)
Haunted House is a pinball game released in October 31 1982 by Gottlieb. It was the first game with three playfields that the ball can move between, including one below the main playing surface. Haunted House was designed by John Osborne, with artwork by Terry Doerzaph. It is part of Gottlieb’s “System 80” series of pinball machines.
Zahraa
Zahraa (Arabic: الزهراء)  is a Syrian village located in Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zahraa had a population of 1,019 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Neurectomy
A neurectomy, or nerve resection is a neurosurgical procedure in which a peripheral nerve is cut or removed to alleviate neuropathic pain or permanently disable some function of a nerve. The nerve is not intended to grow back. For chronic pain it may be an alternative to a failed nerve decompression when the target nerve has no motor function and numbness is acceptable. Neurectomies have also been used to permanently block autonomic function (e.g. excessive sweating in hands or involuntary muscle movement causing cramps), and special sensory function not related to pain (e.g. vestibular nerve dysfunction causing vertigo).

A temporary nerve block with an anesthetic is usually performed before surgery to confirm the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Risks include numbness, neuroma, and complications due to lack of innervation.

Neuroma
A neuroma (/njʊəˈroʊmə/; plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue.  Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms.

Neuromas can arise from different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas.

The term is also used to refer to any swelling of a nerve, even in the absence of abnormal cell growth. In particular, traumatic neuroma results from trauma to a nerve, often during a surgical procedure. Morton's neuroma affects the foot.
Neuromas can be painful, or sometimes, as in the case of acoustic neuromas, can give rise to other symptoms.
Katarina Pavlović
Katarina Pavlović (born 30 January 1995) is a Croatian handballer for the Romanian team CS Minaur Baia Mare and the Croatian national team.

She represented Croatia at the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship.

CS Minaur Baia Mare
Club Sportiv Minaur Baia Mare, commonly known as CS Minaur Baia Mare, Minaur Baia Mare or simply as Minaur, is a Romanian sports society from Baia Mare, Romania, founded in 1974 by Lascăr Pană, after he took over the old entity (Minerul) in 1970. The club went bankrupt during early 2010s and was re-founded in 2015.
Maduru Oya Solar Power Station
The Maduru Oya Solar Power Station is a proposed 100 megawatt floating solar photovoltaic power station to be built over 500 acres (2.0 km2) - or 2%, of the Maduru Oya Reservoir. Following the cabinet approval in 2017, the Ministry of Science and Technology allocated Rs. 80 million (about US$ 522,000) for obtaining the required equipment for a prototype training project.

On 9 April 2019, the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy and the Canadian Commercial Corporation signed a memorandum of cooperation for the joint development of the facility, which is expected to complete by November 2019. The power station is also expected to be the first such facility to utilise energy storage in the country.

Sri Lankan rupee
The Sri Lankan rupee (Sinhala: රුපියල්, Tamil: ரூபாய்; symbol: ₨ in English, රු in Sinhala, ௹ in Tamil; ISO code: LKR), known until 1972 as the Ceylon rupee, is the currency of Sri Lanka. It is subdivided into 100 cents (Sinhala: සත, Tamil: சதம்), but cents are rarely seen in circulation due to their low value. It is issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The abbreviation Re (singular) and Rs (plural) is generally used, the World Bank suggests SL Rs as a fully disambiguating abbreviation for distinction from other currencies named "rupee".
Siviero
Siviero is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Enzo Siviero (born 1945), Italian architect, engineer and writer

Gustavo Siviero (born 1969), Argentine former professional footballer

Jorge Luis Siviero (born 1952), former Uruguayan football player and coach

Rodolfo Siviero (1911-1983), Italian secret agent, art historian and intellectual

Tiziano Siviero (born 1957), Italian rally co-driver

Tiziano Siviero
Tiziano Siviero (born 28 October 1957 in Bassano del Grappa, Veneto) is an Italian rally co-driver. He is most closely associated with Miki Biasion, with whom he won 
the 1983 European Rally Championship on Lancia Rally 037, the 1988 World Rally Championship and the 1989 World Rally Championship on Lancia Delta Integrale.
Cape Brown
Cape Brown is a prominent ice-covered cape 5.5 nautical miles (10 km) north-northeast of the summit of Mount Nicholas (Mount Nicholas being the northern extremity of the Douglas Range), marking the eastern side of the entrance to Schokalsky Bay on the northeast coast of Alexander Island in Antarctica. It was first seen from a distance by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot in 1909, but charted as part of a small island. It was photographed from the air in 1937 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, and later roughly mapped from the photos. It was surveyed from the ground in 1948 by Colin C. Brown, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey surveyor at Stonington Island, 1948–49, for whom the cape is named.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Promi Big Brother season 3
The third series of Promi Big Brother started on 14 August 2015 and ended on 28 August 2015. It was the third series of the Big Brother franchise on Sat.1, after it left RTL II. 5 celebrity housemates ("promis") entered the house on Day 1 and the other 7 celebrities entered on Day 3. The show was hosted by Jochen Schropp.

RTL Zwei
RTL Zwei (stylised as RTLZWEI), formerly spelled RTL 2 and RTL II, is a German-language television channel that is operated by RTL2 Television GmbH & Co. KG. RTL2 is a private general entertainment (Vollprogramm) tv channel on the basis of the Interstate Broadcasting Agreement (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag). Variants of the channel are produced for Austria and Switzerland, with their own advertising. They can be received via cable networks in Austria and Switzerland, and more widely by digital satellite. RTL Zwei is part-owned by RTL Group in Germany.
Ludwik Zabrocki
Ludwik Zabrocki (24 November 1907 in Czersk, German Empire – 8 October 1977 in Poznań) was a Polish linguist, an expert in German and Indo-European studies.

He was a professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (from 1953), a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (since 1971). He was the editor-in-chief of the following journals: Lingua Posnaniensis, Biuletyn Fonograficzny, Glottodydactica.

His notable works include:

Gwara Borów Tucholskich (1934)

Wspólnoty komunikatywne w genezie i rozwoju języka niemieckiego (1963)

U podstaw struktury i rozwoju języka (1980), published posthumously

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies (German: Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative philology, archaeology, and genetics.

The discipline coalesced in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe as comparative linguists including Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Franz Bopp, and August Schleicher refined methods for reconstructing a shared ancestry among the languages. Research centers on rebuilding the Proto-Indo-European language, homeland, and society by combining comparative analysis with archaeological, mythological, and genetic evidence to test models such as the Kurgan hypothesis. Dedicated programs, research centers, journals, and book series sustain Indo-European studies across Europe and North America.
Lynbrook
Lynbrook refers to multiple locations:

Lynbrook, New York is a village in Nassau County, New York, United States

Lynbrook, Victoria is a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
Lynbrook railway station

Lynbrook High School is a high school in San Jose, California, United States

Lynbrook railway station
Lynbrook station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Cranbourne line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. The station serves the south-eastern suburbs of Lynbrook and Lyndhurst, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and opened on 22 April 2012.
Al-Ameen College, Edathala
Al-Ameen College, Edathala, is a minority general degree college located in Edathala, Kerala. It was established in the year 1981. The college is affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala
Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), commonly referred to as MG University, is a state owned public university headquartered in Kottayam in the state of Kerala, India. It was established on 2 October 1983 on Gandhi Jayanti day.

Mahatma Gandhi University (formerly Gandhiji University) has been approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) and accredited with the highest grade of 'A++ (CGPA - 3.61) by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council of India. The university has 31 departments of teaching and research and around 260 affiliated colleges spread over five districts in central Kerala.

In March 2025, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam has been awarded the prestigious Category 1 Grade by the University Grants Commission (UGC). This  recognition granted MGU extensive autonomy to launch new initiatives and establish institutions without prior UGC approval, making it the first university in the state to achieve this distinction.
Kalateh-ye Luyedani
Kalateh-ye Luyedani (Persian: كلاته لويداني, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Lūyedānī) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 14 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
The House by the Lake
The House by the Lake is a 1956 British stage thriller in three acts, by Hugh Mills.  The main characters are Maurice and Stella, a brother and sister who plot to murder their unlikeable brother, Colin. The other characters include Maurice's wife, Janet, Colin's long-suffering wife, Iris, and Colonel Forbes, a neighbour.

It premiered at the Prince of Wales Theatre, Cardiff before transferring to London's West End, where it ran for two years, starring Flora Robson and Andrew Cruickshank; and has since become a staple of amateur dramatics.

Prince of Wales Theatre, Cardiff
The Prince of Wales Theatre is a former theatre in central Cardiff. Built in 1878, seating 2,800, it later became a sex cinema. It is now a JD Wetherspoon pub.

The building is located near Cardiff Central railway station, near the corner of St Mary Street and Wood Street, with entrances and façades on both streets.
Mike Hessel
John Michael Hessel (born December 6, 1942) is a retired American luger. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics and placed 22nd and 30th, respectively.

Hessel was born to a doctor, and grew up in Eugene, Oregon. He attended Menlo High School, University of Oregon, UC Berkeley and Oregon State University. At the 1964 Olympics, he was arrested for a brawl with local police, but was later acquitted. After retiring from competitions Hessel became a commercial fisherman and then a melon farmer.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Ampichino
Anthony Deon Hunt (born 1976), better known by his stage name Ampichino or Amp, is an American rapper and producer from Akron, Ohio. His 2002 single "Do the Damn Thang" featuring Yukmouth peaked at #15 on the Hot Rap Songs and Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Ampichino is a member of the group the Regime and the collaborative effort Devilz Rejectz with The Jacka of Mob Figaz.

Mob Figaz
Mob Figaz is a Bay Area hip hop group formed by C-Bo in 1997. The members consist of Husalah, Rydah J. Klyde, and The Jacka from Pittsburg; Fed-X from Richmond; and AP.9 from Oakland, California.

Their first album, C-Bo's Mob Figaz, was a minor success, reaching #63 on Billboard's Top R&B Albums chart. On February 2, 2015, Mob Figaz member The Jacka was fatally shot by an unidentified gunman in Oakland.
Cecil J. Kempf
Cecil Joseph Kempf (November 20, 1927 – February 17, 2017) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was Chief of the United States Naval Reserve from November 1983 until May 1987.

Kempf graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1950. After completing flight school, he was designated a Naval Aviator in November 1951. Kempf later earned an M.S. degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957.

Kempf died in February 2017 at the age of 89.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Gingival fibers
In dental anatomy, the gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingival tissue (gums) adjacent to teeth and help hold the tissue firmly against the teeth.  They are primarily composed of type I collagen, although type III fibers are also involved.

These fibers, unlike the fibers of the periodontal ligament, in general, attach the tooth to the gingival tissue, rather than the tooth to the alveolar bone.

Glossary of dentistry
This is a list of definitions of commonly used terms of location and direction in dentistry. This set of terms provides orientation within the oral cavity, much as anatomical terms of location provide orientation throughout the body.
Brendan Loy
Brendan Loy is an American blogger, husband, and father of three.

Loy's first blog, titled The Irish Trojan's Blog, gained moderate attention on the Internet and in some media outlets for his posting on Hurricane Katrina. He currently runs two blogs. His primary blog, "The Living Room Times," covers politics, sports, news, weather, and other topics. His secondary blog, "The Pioneer Pulse," is devoted to covering the Denver Pioneers men's basketball team.

Loy worked for the Daily Trojan during his undergraduate studies at the University of Southern California, but Loy states that he was "forced to resign" from an editorial position. Loy has not stated the reasons for his resignation.

Loy is a native of Newington, Connecticut. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 2003 and Notre Dame Law School in 2007. He and his wife Becky have three daughters. He is currently a practicing attorney in Colorado.

Newington, Connecticut
Newington is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. Located 8 miles (13 km) south of downtown Hartford, Newington is an older, mainly residential suburb located in Greater Hartford. As of 2023, the population is 30,527. The Connecticut Department of Transportation has its headquarters in Newington.

Newington is home to Mill Pond Falls, near the center of town.  It is celebrated each fall during the Waterfall Festival.

The American Radio Relay League is headquartered in Newington, with a call sign of W1AW.
The Bastard (1954 film)
The Bastard  (Spanish: Guacho) is a 1954 film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Lucas Demare, produced by Argentina Sono Film, and starring Tita Merello. The film won two awards at the eleventh Silver Condor Awards: Best Director and Best Actress, for Merello.

Argentina Sono Film
Argentina Sono Film S.A.C.I. is an entertainment company based in Buenos Aires that was one of the most important studios during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema of the 1930s–1950s, as well as the only one to have survived the period. In its current format, it serves as a production and distribution company.
Alla Zhilyayeva
Alla Nikolayevna Zhilyaeva (Russian: Алла Николаевна Жиляева; born 5 February 1969) is a female long-distance runner from Russia. She set a Russian national record for the women's  10,000 metres at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics, with a time of 30:23.07.

2003 World Championships in Athletics
The 9th World Championships in Athletics (French: Championnats du monde d'athlétisme 2003), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held from 23 August to 31 August 2003 in the streets of Paris and the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
Fiat A.20
The Fiat A.20 was an Italian aero-engine of the 1920s.  It was a water-cooled V12 engine that was used by early versions of the Fiat CR.20 fighter and the Macchi M.41 seaplane.

In 1923, FIAT built the A.15, a 430 hp (320 kW) water-cooled V12 engine. While no production of the A.15 ensued, it formed the basis for the Fiat A.20, which differed in being a Monobloc engine, and delivered a similar power despite a reduction in capacity from 20.3 to 18.7 L (1,239 to 1,141 in3).

Flight International
Flight International, formerly Flight, is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldest continuously published aviation news magazine.

Flight International is published by DVV Media Group. Competitors include Jane's Information Group and Aviation Week. Former editors of, and contributors include H. F. King, Bill Gunston, John W. R. Taylor and David Learmount.