hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Richter (botanist)
Karl Richter (16 May 1855 in Vienna – 28 December 1891 in Vienna) was a botanist from Austria-Hungary.

From 1874 he studied botany at the University of Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1877. After completing his studies at the university he worked as a private scholar in Vienna. His herbarium was acquired by Eugen von Halácsy, who incorporated it into his own herbarium, which was later donated to the University of Vienna.

With Max Gürke, he was co-author of Plantae Europaeae (1890–1903). In 1885 he published Die botanische Systematik und ihr Verhältniss zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen (Botanical systematics and its relationship to the anatomy and physiology of plants).

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Spanish ship Princesa (1750)
Princesa was a 70-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy. She was one of three ships ordered in 1748 to the specification laid down by Ciprian Autran and designed and built at Havana by Pedro de Torres. Princesa was laid down on 11 May 1748 and launched on 15 September 1750. She was commissioned along with her sister ships Infante and Galicia on 15 August 1751, and left Havana together with the 80-gun Rayo on 1 March 1752 as a squadron under the overall command of Squadron Commander Francisco Ponce de Leon, arriving at Cádiz on 30 April.

Princesa fought at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent on 16 January 1780, where she was captured by a Royal Navy squadron under the command of Admiral George Rodney. She was then recommissioned in England as the third-rate HMS Princessa. On 12 April 1782, she was the flagship of the Blue squadron at the Battle of the Saintes under Admiral Francis Samuel Drake. From 1784 onwards, Princessa was employed as a sheer hulk, and was broken up in 1809.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
1999 Bolsover District Council election
The 1999 Bolsover District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Bolsover District Council in Derbyshire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

Bolsover District
Bolsover District is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. It is named after the town of Bolsover, which is near the geographic centre of the district, but the council is based in the large village of Clowne to the north. The district also includes the town of Shirebrook and several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Amber Valley, North East Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Rotherham, Bassetlaw, Mansfield, and Ashfield.
Las Vegas Classic
The Las Vegas Classic was an eight-team college basketball tournament held in December at Orleans Arena in Paradise, Nevada. Each team played four games in the Classic – the first two at on-campus sites and the final two rounds at the Orleans Arena. After being televised by FS1 for years, the tournament went untelevised in 2021, which turned out to be its final year.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Murraylink
Murraylink is an Australian high voltage direct current electricity transmission link between Berri, South Australia and Red Cliffs, Victoria, connecting the two state electricity grids. Murraylink was commissioned in 2002 and is believed to be the world's longest underground transmission system and cost more than A$177 million. It was built by TransEnergie Australia, a subsidiary of Hydro-Québec. It was sold to the APA Group in March 2006 for A$153 million. In December 2008 ownership of Murraylink (as well as Directlink) was transferred to the newly formed Energy Infrastructure Investments Group, while APA continued as the operator. The ownership of EII is APA with 19.9%, with the balance with Marubeni (49.9%) and Osaka Gas (30.2%).

Red Cliffs, Victoria
Red Cliffs is a town in Victoria, Australia in the Sunraysia region. It is located on the Calder Highway, 16 km south of Mildura and 544 km north-west of Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Red Cliffs had a population of 5,060. The main industry is the growing of grapes and citrus. Red Cliffs takes its name from the 70 m cliffs 4.5 km east of the town that have a red/orange colour.
2017 Afghanistan avalanches
The 2017 Afghanistan avalanches  were a series of avalanches that struck villages on the Afghanistan–Pakistan border between February 4 and 6, 2017. More than 100 people reportedly died in the disaster, including more than 50 people in Nuristan Province and at least 19 people in the neighbouring Badakhshan area of Pakistan's Chitral region. Dozens of homes and farms were destroyed, and hundreds of animals died due to the avalanches. In Pakistan, the affected areas included regions of Balochistan, Mastung, Kalat and Kharan.

Heavy snowfalls also led to blockage of roadways in the mountainous regions. On February 5, 2017, a public holiday was declared by the Afghanistan government, due to the heavy snowfall across the country. Afghanistan's president, Ashraf Ghani, expressed his condolences to the families that had lost members during the avalanches. Subsequent operations by the Afghan National Army provided emergency aid to the people of the Barg-e-Matal District in Nuristan.

Chitral
Chitral (Khowar: ݯھیترار, romanized: ćhitrār, lit. 'field') is a city situated on the Chitral River in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Lower Chitral District, and was previously the capital of Chitral District, and before that the capital of Chitral princely state. The region was encompassed into West Pakistan between 1969 and 1972.
Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
The Treaty of Bucharest (Romanian: Tratatul de la București; Serbian: Букурештански мир; Bulgarian: Букурещки договор; Greek: Συνθήκη του Βουκουρεστίου) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. The Treaty was concluded in the aftermath of the Second Balkan War and amended the previous Treaty of London, which ended the First Balkan War. About one month later, the Bulgarians signed a separate border treaty (the Treaty of Constantinople) with the Ottomans, who had regained some territory west of the Enos-Midia Line during the second war.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Gebhard, Duke of Lorraine
Gebhard of Lahngau (c. 860/868 – 22 June 910), of the Conradine dynasty, son of Odo (aka Udo, died 879), count of Lahngau, and Judith, was himself count of Wetterau (909–910) and Rheingau (897–906) and then duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine).

In 903, Louis the Child, king of Germany, gave him the government of Lotharingia with the title of duke (Kebehart dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur). Gebhard died in battle against the Magyars, somewhere by Augsburg.

With his wife Ida, he had two children:

Herman (died 949), duke of Swabia

Odo (died 949), count of Wetterau (from 914), Lahngau (from 918), and Rheingau (from 917), married Cunigunda, daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois

Lahn
The Lahn (German pronunciation: [laːn] ⓘ) is a 245.6-kilometre-long (152.6 mi), right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).

It has its source in the Rothaargebirge, the highest part of the Sauerland, in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Lahn meets the Rhine at Lahnstein, near Koblenz. Important cities along the Lahn include Marburg, Gießen, Wetzlar, Limburg an der Lahn, Weilburg and Bad Ems.

Tributaries to the Lahn include the Ohm, Dill, the Weil and the Aar. The lower Lahn has many dams with locks, allowing regular shipping from its mouth up to Runkel. Riverboats also operate on a small section north of the dam in Gießen.
Castlepoint Shopping Centre
Castlepoint is a retail park in Strouden Park, Bournemouth, Dorset, in the United Kingdom, occupying a 41-acre (17 ha) site containing around 40 shops, including major retailers such as Marks & Spencer, New Look, H&M, Asda, Sainsbury's, and B&Q. It is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east from the centre of town, off Castle Lane West on the former site of The Hampshire Centre.

Mountain Warehouse
Mountain Warehouse Limited is a British outdoor retailer selling equipment for hiking, camping, skiing, cycling, running and fitness.

Founded in 1997 by Mark Neale, Mountain Warehouse has grown from a single outlet store to over 330 stores in the UK, Europe, New Zealand and North America.
The Breaking Point (1924 film)
The Breaking Point is a 1924 American silent mystery film directed by Herbert Brenon and written by Edfrid A. Bingham and Julie Herne. The film, based on the 1922 novel of the same name by Mary Roberts Rinehart, stars Nita Naldi, Patsy Ruth Miller, George Fawcett, Matt Moore, John Merkyl, Theodore von Eltz, and Edythe Chapman. The film was released on May 4, 1924, by Paramount Pictures.

Herbert Brenon
Herbert Brenon (born Alexander Herbert Reginald St. John Brenon; 13 January 1880 – 21 June 1958) was an Irish-born U.S. film director, actor and screenwriter during the era of silent films through 1940. Brenon was among the early filmmakers who, before the rise of corporate film production, was a genuine "auteur", controlling virtually all creative and technical components in crafting his pictures.
The quality of Brenon's artistic output rivaled that of film pioneer D. W. Griffith.

Brenon was among the first directors to achieve celebrity status among moviegoers for his often spectacular cinematic inventions. Among his most notable films are Neptune's Daughter (1914), Peter Pan (1925), A Kiss for Cinderella (1925), and the original film version of Beau Geste (1926).
You Can't Break My Heart
"You Can't Break My Heart" is a country music song written by Spade Cooley and Smokey Rogers, performed by Spade Cooley and His Orchestra (vocal by Tex Williams), and released on the Columbia label (catalog no. 36935). In April 1946, it reached No. 3 on the Billboard folk chart. It was also ranked as the No. 19 record in Billboard's 1946 year-end folk juke box chart.

The song was also covered by Roy Rogers, Tex Ritter, and others.

Tex Ritter
Woodward Maurice "Tex" Ritter (January 12, 1905 – January 2, 1974) was an American country music singer and actor. He was the patriarch of the Ritter acting family (son John Ritter, grandsons Jason Ritter and Tyler Ritter). He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's 500 metres
The women's 500 metres races of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Utah Olympic Oval, in Salt Lake City, United States, were held on November 15 and 16, 2013.

Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea won both races, breaking the world record both times. Wang Beixing of China and Heather Richardson of the United States took the silver and bronze medals in race one, while Zhang Hong of China won the Division B race.

In race two, Richardson advanced one position, taking the silver medal behind Lee, while Olga Fatkulina of Russia took the bronze. Jennifer Plate of Germany won the second Division B race.

Lee Sang-hwa
Lee Sang-hwa (Korean: 이상화; Hanja: 李相花, Korean pronunciation: [i.saŋ.ɦwa]; born 25 February 1989) is a South Korean retired speed skater who specialises in the sprint distances. She is a two-time Olympic champion in 500 metres (2010 and 2014) and the 2010 World Sprint champion. She was the world record holder in women's 500 metres with the time of 36.36 seconds set in Salt Lake City on 16 November 2013, and held the South Korean record on 1000 metres from March 2009 until January 2024.

She has also won three World Championships medals in 500 metres, and has placed in the top three in World Cup events four times in this distance. Her first World Cup victory, however, came on the non-Olympic distance 100 metres. On the 1000 metres, however, she has never placed higher than fifth in international events (2010 World Sprint Championships, first 1000 metres).
Alexander Batalin
Alexander Fyodorovich Batalin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Бата́лин; 13 August 1847 – 13 October 1896) was a Russian botanist. He was the Chief Botanist and Director of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. His patronimic has also been transliterated as Fedorovich and Theodorowicz.

His father, Fyodor Batalin, gained renown for his two-volume work on the Caucasian Mineral Waters. After his father’s death in 1895, Alexander briefly took over as editor of the Agricultural Gazette.

Caucasian Mineral Waters
The Caucasian Mineral Waters is a group of spa resorts, located in the Northern Caucasus region of Russia. It includes the towns of Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Yessentuki, and Kislovodsk. The region features over 130 sanatoriums and hotels, many equipped with the latest medical equipment, which can accommodate up to 30,000 people simultaneously. As of 2022, the spas receive over 730,000 visitors annually. In addition to approximately 300 mineral springs with diverse properties, the region is famous for its landscape, mild climate, and the medicinal mud of Lake Tambukan.
Saint-Sever Abbey
Saint-Sever Abbey (abbaye de Saint-Sever) is a Benedictine monastery in Saint-Sever, Landes, France. It was founded at the end of the 10th century by William II Sánchez of Gascony. It was listed by France as a historic monument on 18 November 1911 and in 1998 it and other sites were jointly designated as the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France World Heritage Site.

Landes (department)
Landes (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃d] ⓘ; Gascon and Occitan: Lanas [ˈlanəs]; Basque: Landak) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, Southwestern France, with a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It also borders Gers to the east, Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Lot-et-Garonne to the north-east, and Gironde to the north. Located on the Atlantic coast, it had a population of 413,690 as of 2019. Its prefecture is Mont-de-Marsan.

The department is the second-largest department in France and it covers the Forest of Landes. The southwestern part of the department is part of the wider conurbation of Biarritz and Bayonne across the Pyrénées-Atlantique border.
2021 European Athletics Team Championships
The 2021 European Athletics Team Championships was held in four cities, on 29–30 May (Super League) and on 19–20 June 2021. For the first time, the ETC was not held on the same weekend for all leagues. At the European Athletics Team Championships medals are not awarded in individual events.

Alessandro Sibilio
Alessandro Sibilio (born 27 April 1999) is an Italian sprinter and hurdler, who competes in the 400 metres hurdles and 400 metres. He won a gold medal at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in 400 m hurdles.

Sibilio also competed for Italy at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's 400 metres hurdles and men's 4 × 400 metres relay events.
Ptychochromis
Ptychochromis is a genus of cichlids endemic to rivers and lakes in Madagascar. One species (P. grandidieri) can also be seen in brackish water. Most species in this genus are threatened, and P. onilahy is probably extinct. Most reach a length of 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in), but P. insolitus reaches 25 cm (10 in), while P. grandidieri and P. oligacanthus reach 35 cm (14 in) and 20 cm (8 in) respectively.  The largest species was P. onilahy which may have reached as much as 45 cm (18 in) if reports of fishermen are to be believed.

Melanie Stiassny
Melanie Lisa Jane Stiassny (born 17 January 1953 in Bielefeld, Germany) is the Axelrod Research Curator of Ichthyology at the American Museum of Natural History. Her research interests focus on freshwater biodiversity documentation and systematic ichthyology in the Old World tropics, including tropical Africa (especially in the Congo River) and Madagascar. She has published broadly on the biogeography conservation and systematics of teleosts.
Macrothyatira flavimargo
Macrothyatira flavimargo is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in western China (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan).

The forewings are fuscous brown, traversed by several darker and paler wavy lines. There is a purplish-brown spot at the base of the wing, this colour also extends over the thorax. The reniform stigma is outlined with blackish and there is a round pinkish-white spot above it, and a larger curved spot towards the apex, outwardly edged with black. On the middle of the inner margin is a narrow erect whitish spot, and towards the anal angle a round ochreous one edged with whitish. The fringe is brown beyond a sinuous black terminal line. The hindwings are fuliginous.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Phaeoura mexicanaria
Phaeoura mexicanaria is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883. It is found in North America, including British Columbia, California, Texas and Washington.

The wingspan is 40–50 mm.

The larvae feed on Pinus species.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
Carlos McKinney
Carlos McKinney (born January 10, 1973), known professionally as Los Da Mystro, is an American record producer and jazz pianist. He was signed to The-Dream's Radio Killa Records and Tricky Stewart's RedZone Entertainment as in-house production talent.

J. Holiday
Nahum Thorton Grymes (born November 29, 1984), better known by his stage name J. Holiday, is an American R&B singer and rapper. He is best known for his 2007 single "Bed", which peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100. It preceded the release of his debut studio album Back of My Lac' (2007), which peaked at number five on the US Billboard 200 and number 32 on the UK Albums Chart. His second album, Round 2 (2009) peaked at number four on the former chart and was led by the single "It's Yours". After label changes and several delays, Holiday released his third album, Guilty Conscience (2014) independently, which moderately entered the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and saw positive critical reception. He released his fourth studio album, Time, on February 7, 2022.
Eton Wick (ward)
Eton Wick was an electoral ward in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead from 2003 to 2019. It was first used at the 2003 elections and last used for the 2015 elections. The ward returned one councillor to Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council. It covered Eton Wick.

Eton Wick
Eton Wick is a village in the civil parish of Eton, in the Windsor and Maidenhead district, in Berkshire, England. Historically it was part of Buckinghamshire. Between the River Thames and the Jubilee River, the village is close to the towns of Windsor, Eton and Slough.
The village has a long history, with evidence of habitation dating back over 5,500 years, including a Neolithic causewayed enclosure and a variety of later historical periods marked by significant agricultural and social development.
Tim Flook
Timothy (Tim) Flook is an American  judge and politician. He was member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 119th district.

In 2015, Governor Jay Nixon appointed Tim Flook as an Associate Circuit Judge for Clay County.

Clay County, Missouri
Clay County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 253,335, making it the fifth-most populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Liberty. The county was organized January 2, 1822, and named in honor of U.S. Representative Henry Clay from Kentucky, later a member of the United States Senate and United States Secretary of State. Clay County contains many of the area's northern suburbs, along with a portion of the city of Kansas City, Missouri. It also owns and operates the Midwest National Air Center in Excelsior Springs.