hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States v. Fenwick
United States v. Fenwick, United States v. Fenwick, 25 F. Cas. 1062, 1964 (C.C. D.C. 1836), was a decision of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia that was handed down April 7, 1836. It confirmed the right of a defendant in a criminal case not to have the judge render a decision on motions until all arguments have been made, to defer making those arguments until the jury is empaneled, and to make those legal arguments to the jury.

United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia
The United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia (in case citations, C.C.D.C.) was a United States federal court which existed from 1801 to 1863. The court was created by the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801.
Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco
Bayview–Hunters Point (sometimes spelled Bay View or Bayview) is the San Francisco, California, neighborhood combining the Bayview and Hunters Point neighborhoods in the southeastern corner of the city. The decommissioned Hunters Point Naval Shipyard is located within its boundaries and Candlestick Park, which was demolished in 2015, was on the southern edge. Due to the southeastern location, the two neighborhoods are often merged. Bayview–Hunters Point has been labeled as San Francisco's "Most Isolated Neighborhood".

Redevelopment projects for the neighborhood became the dominant issue of the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Efforts include the Bayview Redevelopment Plan for Area B, which includes approximately 1300 acres of existing residential, commercial and industrial lands. This plan identifies seven economic activity nodes within the area. The former Navy Shipyard waterfront property is also the target of redevelopment to include residential, commercial, and recreational areas.

Malia Cohen
Malia M. Cohen (born December 16, 1977) is an American politician serving as the 33rd Controller of California since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Cohen previously served as Chair of the California State Board of Equalization from the 2nd district from 2019 to 2023 and as President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from District 10 from 2011 to 2019.

She is the seventh African American to hold statewide office following Wilson Riles, Mervyn Dymally, Kamala Harris, Tony Thurmond, Shirley Weber and Laphonza Butler.
Phyllonorycter pyrifoliella
Phyllonorycter pyrifoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Moldova, Poland,  Spain and Ukraine.

The larvae feed on Malus species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Michael R. Gordon
Michael R. Gordon has been a national security correspondent for The Wall Street Journal since October 2017. Previously, he was a military and diplomacy correspondent for The New York Times for 32 years. During the first phase of the Iraq War, he was the only newspaper reporter embedded with the allied land command under General Tommy Franks, a position that "granted him unique access to cover the invasion strategy and its enactment". He and General Bernard E. Trainor have written three books together, including the best-selling Cobra II. As journalists for The New York Times and citing anonymous U.S. officials, Gordon and Judith Miller were the first to report Saddam Hussein's alleged nuclear weapons program in September 2002 with the article "U.S. Says Hussein Intensifies Quest for A-Bomb Parts."

Tommy Franks
Tommy Ray Franks (born 17 June 1945) is a retired United States Army general. His last army post was as the Commander of the United States Central Command, overseeing United States military operations in a 25-country region, including the Middle East. Franks succeeded General Anthony Zinni to this position on 6 July 2000 and served until his retirement on 7 July 2003.
Franks was the United States general leading the attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. He also oversaw the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.
An der Etsch
An der Etsch und im Gebirge (German for 'On the Etsch and in the Mountains') was a bailiwick (Ballei)  of the Teutonic Order, created about 1260 and headquartered in Bolzano (Bozen), now in the Italian province of South Tyrol, comprising several commandries in the former County of Tyrol and the adjacent Bishopric of Trent.

One of the Teutonic provinces within the Holy Roman Empire, An der Etsch held the feudal status of Imperial immediacy as a registered Imperial State. Its commandries were subordinate to a Landkomtur (commendator provincialis), who himself was answerable to the Deutschmeister commander of all bailiwicks in Germany and Italy, at times directly to the Grand Master.

Adige
The Adige is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the province of South Tyrol, near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland, and flows 410 kilometres (250 mi) through most of northeastern Italy to the Adriatic Sea.

The name of the river is of unknown origin. Nineteenth-century theories, such as a derivation from the Proto-Celtic *yt-ese 'the water', and alleged to be cognate with the River Tees in England (anciently Athesis, Teesa), have never been accepted by Celtic onomasts and are now completely obsolete.
Oriental Mindoro Provincial Board
The Oriental Mindoro Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Oriental Mindoro.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into two districts, each having five seats. A voter votes up to five names, with the top five candidates per district being elected. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.

The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Oriental Mindoro.

Aside from the regular members, the board also includes the provincial federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (ABC, from its old name "Association of Barangay Captains"), the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK, youth councils) and the Philippine Councilors League (PCL).

Philippine Councilors League
The Philippine Councilors League (PCL; Filipino: Liga ng mga Konsehal ng Pilipinas) is an official organization in the Philippines composed of all elected, appointed, and ex officio members of legislative councils in the cities and municipalities of the country.

The presidents of the PCL's provincial chapters are ex officio members of their province's legislature (Sangguniang Panlalawigan).
Ivory Mills
Ivory Mills is a 14-acre (5.7 ha), historic grist mill complex located at White Hall, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It consists of six standing 19th century frame buildings and structures: mill, miller's house, barn, corn crib, carriage house, and chicken house. The property also includes the ruins of a stone spring house, and the stone abutments of a frame, Federal-era covered bridge. The focus of the complex is the three-story stone and frame mill building built circa 1818. The ground story is constructed of coursed stone rubble, and the upper stories from clapboard. The family first started a mill on this site in 1781; this particular mill ceased production in the 1920s.

Ivory Mills was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Tetrastichus coeruleus
Tetrastichus coeruleus is a gregarious koinobiont wasp which can be used as a biological control agent for the common asparagus beetle.

It was originally named Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford, thus most of the literature about this species has been published under this other name.

Tetrastichus coeruleus has populations which are infected with the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia and populations which are not.

On average, 4.75 T. coeruleus adults emerge per larva, though this ranges between 2 and 13 specimens per larva.

Wolbachia
Wolbachia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria infecting many species of arthropods and filarial nematodes. The relationship between Wolbachia and its hosts ranges from parasitism through benign symbiosis up to obligate mutualism. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes of arthropods, and is possibly the most widespread reproductive parasite bacterium in the biosphere. Its interactions with hosts are complex and highly diverse across the various species in which it is found. Some host species cannot reproduce, or even survive, absent internal Wolbachia colonies. One study concluded that more than 16% of neotropical insect species carry bacteria of this genus, and as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are estimated to be potential hosts.
King Kauluma Village
King Kauluma Village is a village situated in the Oshikoto Region in the northern part of Namibia with a population of about 4800 residents.
King Kauluma is located about 12 km from Oshivelo  (Onamutoni). King Kauluma village is sandy and forested. All residents are Oshiwambo speaking.

Ovambo language
The Ovambo (English:  /ɒˈvæmboʊ/) language, also known as the Namibian language, is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga.

The native name for the language is Oshiwambo (also written Oshivambo), which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects. It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia, particularly by the Ovambo people.

The language is closely related to that of the Herero and Himba, the Herero language (Otjiherero). An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names, Proto-Bantu *ki- (class 7, as in the name of the Swahili language, Kiswahili), which in Herero has evolved to Otji- and in Ovambo further to Oshi-.
Mount Cronus
Mount Cronus (67°18′S 50°3′E﻿ / ﻿67.300°S 50.050°E﻿ / -67.300; 50.050) is a majestic, conical, partially snow-covered peak, 900 metres (3,000 ft) high, rising 8 nautical miles (15 km) south of Amundsen Bay and 9 nautical miles (17 km) west-southwest of Reference Peak. It was sighted by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party in October 1956 and named for Cronus, the father of the gods in classical mythology.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Flipsters
Flipsters (flɪp-stərs) are folding shoes, designed in Australia by L&M Designs. The footwear is produced in two styles: flip-flops and ballet flats. Flipsters footwear fold into a pouch which can be fit into a handbag and act as an alternative to standard shoes. The product is designed to "fit into a small handbag to give stiletto-shoed feet a break" The flip-flops are made with a 3-part rubber sole and fabric heel guard that allows the shoe to collapse flat, and while expanded provides support and structure similar to a standard flip flop. Flipsters come in a pouch designed to keep the product protected and clean. The product was designed with a triangle fold designed to mimic the motion of natural walking. Matt Schmidt, Editor at "My Life News", described the innovative flipflop as "stylish and comfy".

Ballet flat
Ballet flats or ballet pumps are a style of shoe. The appearance is inspired by women's ballet shoes, with a very thin heel or the appearance of no heel at all.

Ballet flats are fashionably versatile as they are often worn with both formal and casual attire.
Sulu Trench
The Sulu Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Mindanao and Sulu in the Philippines. The trench reaches a depth of about 5,600 metres (18,400 ft), in contrast with the average depth of the South China Sea of about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The trench formed when the Sunda Plate (part of the Eurasian Plate) subducted below the Philippine Mobile Belt. The convergent boundary terminates at the Negros Trench in the east.

The Sulu Trench is not associated with frequent earthquakes, but hosts volcanoes south of the trench, such as Mount Malindang.

Sulu
Sulu ([sʊˈlu]), officially the Province of Sulu (Tausūg: Wilaya' sin Lupa' Sūg; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu; Chavacano: Provincia de Sulu); is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Zamboanga Peninsula region.

It was part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), until the Supreme Court of the Philippines on September 9, 2024, declared its inclusion to be unconstitutional because of the province's simple majority vote against it during the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite.

Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name. Maimbung, the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu, is also located in the province. Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea.
Hongshan Zoo station
Hongshan Zoo station (simplified Chinese: 红山动物园站; traditional Chinese: 紅山動物園站; pinyin: Hóngshān Dòngwùyuán Zhàn; lit. 'red hill zoo station') is a station of Line 1 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 3 September 2005 as part of the line's Phase I from Maigaoqiao to Andemen.

Line 1 (Nanjing Metro)
Line 1 of the Nanjing Metro (Chinese: 南京地铁1号线; pinyin: Nánjīng Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is a north-south line and the first operating metro line in the Nanjing Metro system, inaugurated on September 3, 2005. After the opening of the 25.08 km (15.58 mi)-long south extension line on May 28, 2010, the total length of Line 1 is now 37.9 km (23.5 mi), running from CPU to Baguazhoudaqiaonan.
Einar Gelius
Einar Gelius (born 15 May 1959 in Arendal) is a Norwegian priest who has also been involved in politics for the Norwegian Labour Party.

He is known as the priest of Vålerenga parish, more specifically Vålerenga church. He previously held the same position at Ørland Church, Beitstad Church and Namdalseid Church. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1985, and was ordained in 1986.

During the first cabinet Stoltenberg, Gelius was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government.

Gelius is also a radio personality, author, and runs a communications bureau called Gelius Kommunikasjon.

He is the brother of news anchor Jon Gelius.

Beitstad Church
Beitstad Church (Norwegian: Beitstad kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Beitstad. It is the main church for the Beitstad parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1869 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 700 people.  The church was originally called Solberg Church.
Saints of Los Angeles (song)
"Saints of Los Angeles" is the Grammy-nominated first single from Mötley Crüe's album of the same name. It was released on April 11, 2008, and started airing on radio stations on April 15 and charted at number 5 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. In the original Gang Vocal version, found on the album, the lyrics from the Lords Prayer can be heard at the beginning of the song. The song was given further promotion through the music video game Rock Band, being released as downloadable content on Xbox Live Marketplace and PlayStation Store on the same day.

Trapt
Trapt is an American rock band formed in Los Gatos, California. Since 2021, their lineup has consisted of Chris Taylor Brown (vocals and guitar), Pete Charell (bass), Shawn Sonnenschein (guitar), and Mitch Moore (drums). Eight studio albums have been recorded to date: Trapt (2002), Someone in Control (2005), Only Through the Pain (2008), No Apologies (2010), Reborn (2013), DNA (2016), Shadow Work (2020), and The Fall (2024).

Trapt's biggest commercial success was their eponymous major-label debut, which became certified platinum by 2003 and included the hit single "Headstrong", which became a crossover hit to the pop charts and peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. Though their subsequent releases did not match the pop appeal of "Headstrong", the band was able to maintain a presence in the rock market throughout the decade. The band has sold over 2.5 million records worldwide.
Methodius III of Constantinople
Methodius III of Constantinople, called Moronis or Maronis (Greek: Μεθόδιος ὁ Μορώνης/Μαρώνης); died 1679), was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1668–1671.

Descended from Crete, he served at the Church of the Theotokos of Chrysopigi in Galata. In 1646, he was elected Metropolitan of Heraclea. On 5 January 1668, he was elected Ecumenical Patriarch, succeeding Patriarch Clement of Constantinople.

But because former Patriarch Parthenius IV of Constantinople was hostile towards him, he was forced to resign in March 1671 and to become a monk in the Nea Moni of Chios and after that in the Strofades Monastery in Zakynthos. In 1677, he went to Venice and became commissioner in the Orthodox Church of Saint George, which served the local Greek-speaking community, until 1679 when he died.

Nea Moni of Chios
Nea Moni (Greek: Νέα Μονή, lit. 'New Monastery') is an 11th-century Greek Orthodox former monastery complex, now convent and history museum, located on the island of Chios, in the North Aegean region of Greece. The complex is located on the Provateio Oros Mt. in the island's interior, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Chios town. Enscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990, the monastery complex is renown for its mosaics, which, together with those at Daphni and Hosios Loukas, are among the finest examples of Macedonian Renaissance art in Greece.
Logistic Battalion "Trieste"
The Logistic Battalion "Trieste" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Trieste") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Trieste". The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Budrio
Budrio (Eastern Bolognese: Bûdri) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy; it is 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Bologna.

Budrio is the birthplace of Giuseppe Barilli, better known under his pseudonym of Quirico Filopanti, an Italian mathematician and politician.
Kosmos 2261
Kosmos 2261 (Russian: Космос 2261 meaning Cosmos 2261) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1993 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors. It was estimated in the west that it stopped functioning in March 1998, and reentered destructively on December 31, 2012. (the early morning of January 1, 2013 in some time zones)

Kosmos 2261 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 14:53 UTC on 10 August 1993. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1993-051A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22741.

Its predicted re-entry time was December 31, 2012 at 11:29 UTC ± 2 hours.

Blok 2BL
The Blok 2BL was a rocket stage, a member of Blok L family, used as an upper stage on some versions of the Molniya-M carrier rocket. It was used as a fourth stage to launch the Oko missile early warning defence spacecraft.
Midwestern Hurricane
Midwestern Hurricane is the second full-length album by the American musician Maggie Walters, released on March 11, 2008.

It was produced by the Butthole Surfers' Paul Leary and mixed by James Vollentine. The album includes appearances by Ian McLagan, Ray Wylie Hubbard, and the cellist John Hagen (Lyle Lovett).

Due to the terms of the contract under which this album was recorded, four of the songs ("Fingerprints", "Ann Marie", "Sundays" and "Be Careful Love") are remixed or reworked versions of songs from Maggie Walters, Walters' first album. Walters later parted with the label with which Midwestern Hurricane was recorded while managing to retain the rights to the album, partially because these four songs were originally released on her first album.

Lyle Lovett
Lyle Pearce Lovett (born November 1, 1957) is an American country singer-songwriter and actor. Active since 1980, he has recorded 14 albums and released 25 singles to date, including his highest entry, the number 10 chart hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, "Cowboy Man". Lovett has won four Grammy Awards, including Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Album. His most recent album is 12th of June, released in 2022.
The Diplomat (2025 film)
The Diplomat is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language political film directed by Shivam Nair and written by Ritesh Shah. The film, starring John Abraham and Sadia Khateeb, is set against the backdrop of India–Pakistan relations, exploring themes of diplomacy and the personal conflicts faced by diplomats.

Sharib Hashmi
Sharib Hashmi (born 25 January 1976) is an Indian actor, writer, producer and director who works in the Hindi cinema. He is best known for portraying J. K. Talpade in the Amazon Prime Video series The Family Man (2019-2025) for which he won several awards including a Filmfare OTT Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.
Malaya Sol
The Malaya Sol (Russian: Малая Соль) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Chyornaya, which in turn is a tributary of the Veslyana. The Malaya Sol is 19 kilometres (12 mi) long.

The source of the river is near the border with the Komi Republic, 195 metres (640 ft) above sea level. Its mouth is located in the settlement of Chernorechensky, 163 metres (535 ft) above sea level.

Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar.

The population of the republic  at the 2021 census was 737,853, down from 901,189 at the 2010 census.
Suela Cennet
Suela Cennet (born 1985, Paris) is the founder and executive director of The Pill, a contemporary art gallery based in Istanbul. Seen as a trailblazer gallerist, she debuted the careers and produced exhibitions of artists such as Apolonia Sokol, Soufiane Ababri, Eva Nielsen, Marion Verboom giving the gallery's program a strong connection with feminisms and notions of history, memory, displacement, domination, gender and race.

Besides her activities as an art dealer, Suela Cennet is a published author and curator.

Apolonia Sokol
Apolonia Sokol (born 1988, Paris, France) is a French figurative painter. Her work has been widely exhibited in France, Denmark, Belgium and the USA. She is known for her autobiographical approach to painting, using the art of portraiture as a tool for political empowerment in paintings inspired by art historical canon, to address issues around feminism and queer culture.

A 2023  documentary film Apolonia, Apolonia by Lea Glob was made on her journey through 13 years of life.