hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woody Bledsoe
Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Bledsoe (November 12, 1921 – October 4, 1995) was an American mathematician, computer scientist, and prominent educator. He is one of the founders of artificial intelligence (AI), making early contributions in pattern recognition, facial recognition, and automated theorem proving. He continued to make significant contributions to AI throughout his long career. One of his influences was Frank Rosenblatt.

Beginning in 1966, he worked at the department of mathematics and computer science of the University of Texas at Austin, holding the Peter O'Donnell Jr. Centennial Chair in Computing Science starting in 1987.: 723

Bledsoe joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as an adult, and served in the church as a bishop, counselor to the stake presidency, and stake patriarch. He also served as a leader in the Boy Scouts of America. Bledsoe died on October 4, 1995, of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, more commonly known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease.

Bishop (Latter Day Saints)
In the Latter Day Saint movement, a bishop is the highest office of the Aaronic priesthood. It is almost always held by one who holds the office of high priest in the Melchizedek priesthood. The Latter Day Saint concept of the office differs significantly from the role of bishops in other Christian denominations, being in some respects more analogous to a pastor or parish priest. Each bishop serves with two counselors, who together form a bishopric.

The role of a bishop varies in the different Latter Day Saint denominations; however, they derive from a common history.
Paddle ball
Paddle ball is a one-person game played with a paddle and an attached ball. Using the flat paddle with the small rubber ball attached at the center via an elastic string, the player tries to hit the ball with the paddle in succession as many times as possible.

The paddle (sometimes called a bolo bat) is similar in size and shape to a table tennis racket. It is usually made from either wood or plastic.

Table tennis racket
A table tennis racket is used by table tennis players. It is usually made from laminated wood covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the player's grip. Unlike a conventional "racket", it does not include strings strung across an open frame. Table tennis rackets come in various types, including All-Wood Racket, Carbon Fiber Racket, and hundreds of different types of table tennis rackets with different combinations of materials, structures, and brands. The differences among different types of table tennis rackets are often based on control, spin, speed, and power. Players should choose their racket based on their playing style, skill level, and personal preferences. Though the official ITTF term is "racket", the US generally uses the term "paddle", while Europe and Asia use the term "bat".
Luis Alberto Schneider
Luis Alberto Schneider Zuanich (born 25 November 1959) is a retired Chilean sprinter. He represented his country in the 200 metres at the 1983 World Championships reaching the second round. He was particularly successful at the Southern Cross Games (later South American Games), where he won 9 medals, 8 of which were gold.

1983 World Championships in Athletics
The 1st World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 1983; Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1983) were run under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations and were held at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland between 7 and 14 August 1983. Despite the existence of previously held championship events in both 1976 and 1980, this 1983 championship was marked as the inaugural World Championship.
Ullandhaug
Ullandhaug is a neighborhood (delområde) in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located along the European route E39 highway in the borough of Hillevåg, south of the lake Mosvatnet.  The neighborhood has a population of 6,636 which is distributed over an area of 2.55 square kilometres (630 acres).

Mosvatnet
Mosvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The lake lies just west of the centre of the city of Stavanger in the Eiganes og Våland borough.  At 0.45 square kilometres (110 acres), it is the third largest lake in the city of Stavanger after Hålandsvatnet and Stora Stokkavatnet.  The lake reaches a maximum depth of 3.2 metres (10 ft) and it lies at an elevation of 37 metres (121 ft) above sea level.  The lake flows out through a small stream that runs through underground culverts to the Breiavatnet lake before emptying into the nearby Byfjorden.
Corynebacterium uropygiale
Corynebacterium uropygiale is a bacterium described in 2016 following thorough investigations using a polyphasic approach including MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, phylogeny of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes and DNA fingerprinting. To date, it has been regarded as endemic to preen gland secretions of healthy turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).
It is a member of the genus Corynebacterium, which belongs to the phylum Actinomycetota. Although a large number of bacteria including corynebacteria have been reported as part of the normal microbiome of birds, C. uropygiale is the only member of the genus that has been recovered in preen gland secretions of birds. It is one of three bacterial species to have been found to colonize preen gland secretions of birds.

16S ribosomal RNA
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure.

The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium.
Lyrognathus giannisposatoi
Lyrognathus giannisposatoi sometimes called the Sumatran stout leg tarantula is a tarantula which can be found in Mesuji Regency, Sumatra, Indonesia. It was first described by Steven C. Nunn, Rick C. West in 2013, and is named after Gianni Sposato, who helped with Selenocosmia material, and was of great help to the authors.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Charles Witherow
Charles Lafayette Witherow (April 1852 – July 3, 1948) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He appeared in one game for the 1875 Washington Nationals of the National Association. He was the starting pitcher for the Nationals on July 1, but only lasted one inning as he gave up four hits and five runs, two runs which were earned. At the time of his death, Charles Witherow was the last surviving participant of the National Association. At the time of his death he had been the last living player from the 1875 season.

National Association of Professional Base Ball Players
The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP), often known simply as the National Association (NA), was the first fully-professional sports league in baseball. The NA was founded in 1871 and continued through the 1875 season. It incorporated several professional clubs from the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) of 1857–1870, sometimes called "the amateur Association". In turn, several NA clubs created the succeeding National League of Professional Baseball Clubs (the National League, founded 1876), which joined with the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs (the American League, founded 1901) in the National Agreement of 1903, a "peace pact" that recognized each other as legitimate "major leagues". Following nearly a century of cooperation, the two leagues eventually merged into one organization in 2000 as Major League Baseball (MLB).
Crow (horse)
Crow (23 February 1973 – 10 February 1989) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the best three-year-olds in Europe in 1976 when he won the classic St Leger Stakes and finished second in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He went on to win the Coronation Cup as a five-year-old in 1978. After he retired from racing, he stood as a breeding stallion in the United States and Australia with limited success.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
Demographics of Bermuda
This is a demography of the population of Bermuda including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, including changes in the demographic make-up of Bermuda over the centuries of its permanent settlement.

David Burt (politician)
Edward David Burt (born 23 November 1978) is a Bermudian politician who has been the 13th Premier of Bermuda since 2017, and a member of the House of Assembly of Bermuda from Pembroke West Central since 2012. He was Leader of the Opposition from 2016 to 2017.
UVG Urbanstar
The UVG Urbanstar was a step-entrance and low-entry midibus body built by the Universal Vehicles Group in Waterlooville, England on Dennis Dart and Dart SLF chassis. The first examples were delivered to Provincial in Southampton in December 1995.

In 1998 the design rights were purchased by Salvador Caetano who continued to build it as the Caetano Compass. It was mainly sold to small provincial operators, although Limebourne purchased 34 for use on London Regional Transport contracted services.

A common feature about the Urbanstar/Compass was that it has a rounded roof dome (more rounded as compared to the Nimbus), a double-curvature windscreen and a separately mounted destination display. It was superseded by the Caetano Nimbus in 1999.

High-floor
High-floor describes the interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as trains, light rail cars and other rail vehicles, along with buses and trolleybuses. Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under the interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with low-floor designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design.
Ekeland's variational principle
In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems.

Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem cannot be applied. The principle relies on the completeness of the metric space.

The principle has been shown to be equivalent to completeness of metric spaces.
In proof theory, it is equivalent to Π11CA0 over RCA0, i.e. relatively strong.

It also leads to a quick proof of the Caristi fixed point theorem.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Deaths in October 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
David Lane (British politician)
Sir David William Stennis Stuart Lane (24 September 1922 – 16 November 1998) was a British Conservative politician.

Lane was educated at Eton College, Trinity College, Cambridge and Yale University. He became a barrister, called to the bar by Middle Temple in 1955. From 1956 to 1959, he was secretary of the British Iron and Steel Federation. From 1959 to 1967, he worked for Shell International Petroleum in their trade relations department.

Lane contested Vauxhall in 1964 and Cambridge in 1966. He was Member of Parliament for Cambridge from a 1967 by-election until he resigned in 1976. He was Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1972 to 1974. He was the first director of the Commission for Racial Equality (1977–82).

He was knighted in 1983 and became Chairman of the National Association of Youth Clubs after he left Parliament.

Cambridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Cambridge is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Daniel Zeichner of the Labour Party.

Centred on the university city of Cambridge, it is one of the country's oldest continuously constituted constituencies. It was created in 1295 and returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) and was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. From 1885 onwards, the seat has elected one MP.

It was held by the Conservatives from 1967 to 1992, since which time it has been represented alternately by both Labour and the Liberal Democrats.

In the 2016 referendum to leave the European Union, the constituency voted 73.8% to remain.
Walter Metcalf (chemist)
Walter Sidney Metcalf (18 May 1918 – 25 July 2008) was a New Zealand physical chemist.

Metcalf was born in Kaitangata on 18 May 1918, the son of George Metcalf, and was educated at Napier Boys' High School. He earned a bachelor's degree in music in parallel with his first science degree at the University of Otago, and completed a DPhil degree with E. J. Bowen at England's Oxford University.

Metcalf married Mary Glen Simmers, and the couple went on to have two children.

Metcalf initially worked at Victoria University College, then moved to Canterbury University College (now the University of Canterbury) in 1954. He retired as a reader in 1975. He worked mainly on photochemistry and was awarded the T. K. Sidey Medal by the Royal Society of New Zealand for his research in 1966. Towards the end of his career, he worked on calcium metabolism.

Calcium metabolism
Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of the body, and between body compartments: the blood plasma, the extracellular and intracellular fluids, and  bone.  Bone acts as a calcium storage center for deposits and withdrawals as needed by the blood via continual bone remodeling.: 276–277

An important aspect of calcium metabolism is plasma calcium homeostasis, the regulation of calcium ions in the blood plasma within narrow limits. The level of the calcium in plasma is regulated by the hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. PTH is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands when the plasma calcium level falls below the normal range in order to raise it; calcitonin is released by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland when the plasma level of calcium is above the normal range in order to lower it.
Siemianówka
Siemianówka [ɕɛmjaˈnufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, at the border with Belarus. The village lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Narewka, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Hajnówka, and 52 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

Hajnówka County
Hajnówka County (Polish: powiat hajnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Hajnówka, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Kleszczele, lying 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Hajnówka.

The county covers an area of 1,623.65 square kilometres (626.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 42,851, out of which the population of Hajnówka is 20,580, that of Kleszczele is 1,250, and the rural population is 21,021.
Microsoft SharePoint Workspace
Microsoft SharePoint Workspace (formerly Microsoft Office Groove) is a discontinued desktop application designed for document collaboration in teams with members who are regularly off-line or who do not share the same network security clearance. It is no longer included with Microsoft Office 2013. It has been replaced by a web-based service called OneDrive for Business.

Groove's uses have included coordination between emergency relief agencies, where different organizations do not share a common security infrastructure and where offline access is important, and amongst teams of knowledge workers, such as consultants who need to work securely on client sites.
It is also used as a staging system for documents in development, where content can be developed then transferred to a portal when complete.

Groove was initially developed by Lotus Notes creator Ray Ozzie, and developed by Groove Networks of Beverly, Massachusetts, until Microsoft's acquisition of Groove Networks in March 2005.

Ray Ozzie
Raymond "Ray" Ozzie (born November 20, 1955) is an American software industry entrepreneur who held the positions of Chief Technical Officer and Chief Software Architect at Microsoft between 2005 and 2010. Before Microsoft, he was best known for his role in creating Lotus Notes.
Blackheath railway station
Blackheath railway station is Grade II-listed and is in the south-centre of Blackheath, a village in southeast London.  In traditional terms the area immediately south-west of the station around Lee Terrace and Lee Park is part of Lee; a status challenged by the station's naming, buildings such as the Blackheath Halls and the development of Blackheath Park to the south east. It is 8 miles 52 chains (13.9 km) measured from London Victoria.

The tracks run through the village and are crossed by a road overbridge on which the station buildings stand.

Lee, London
Lee, also known as Lee Green, is an area of South East London, England, straddling the border of the London Borough of Lewisham and the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is located northwest of Eltham and southeast of Lewisham. It was in Kent before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then Greater London in 1965.

The churchyard of St Margaret's Church (current church rebuilt 1839–41, architect: John Brown) is the burial place of three Astronomers Royal: Edmond Halley, Nathaniel Bliss and John Pond.
Krokskogen
Krokskogen is a  forested area which located outside of Oslo, Norway. It is a part of Oslomarka and is situated between Bærumsmarka, Vestmarka and Nordmarka.

The wooded and hilly area of around 300 square kilometres is  bordered by Oslo and by the municipalities of Ringerike, Hole and Bærum. The highest points in the landscape are Oppkuven (704 m.), Ringkollen (702 m) and Gyrihaugen (682 m). The old road through Krokskogen which opened in 1805 was part of the King's Road (Ringeriksveien) from Oslo to Bergen. It is now mostly used as a hiking trail and bridle path in season and for timber transport during the winter.

Hole, Norway
Hole is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Ringerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vik. Hole is located around lake Tyrifjorden and extends to the woodland around Oslo. The soil is fertile and suited to growing fruit, berries and other agricultural products.

The municipality of Hole was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The annex of Tyristrand was separated from Hole on 1 July 1916 to become a municipality of its own. The municipality of Hole was merged into the neighboring municipality of Ringerike in 1964, however, this merger ended in 1977 when Hole was restored as a separate municipality.

Infrastructure: the road (E16) between Sandvika and Hønefoss has been Norway's most deadly, for the ten-year period that ended in 2021; nine people died.
Mietoinen
Mietoinen (Finnish: [ˈmie̯toi̯nen]; Swedish: Mietois) is a former municipality of Finland. It was joined to the municipality of Mynämäki in the beginning of the year 2007.

Mietoinen is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 1,697 (31 December 2006) and it covered a land area of 59.50 square kilometres (22.97 sq mi). The population density was 28.52 inhabitants per square kilometre (73.9/sq mi).

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Western Finland Province
Western Finland (Finnish: Länsi-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Västra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Eastern Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Bothnia towards Åland. Tampere was the largest city of the province.