hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple File Exchange
Apple File Exchange (AFE) is a utility program for Apple Macintosh computers. It was included on the Apple "Tidbits" or "Install 2" disk in system versions 7.0 through 7.1. In System 7.5 (released in 1994), it was replaced by PC Exchange.

Apple File Exchange could read floppy disks from DOS/Windows and ProDOS (Apple II) systems, as well as disks from Macs.

This utility enabled Macs to read PC disks, but only if they were inserted after launching Apple File Exchange. If Apple File Exchange was not launched while inserting PC-formatted floppy, the Mac would complain that the disk inserted "was not a Macintosh disk" and requested initialisation.

Apple File Exchange was a file content translator, in contrast to the File System Translator of Apple GS/OS which just translated the file system between different computers' storage formats. AFE could convert data files produced by one program for use in another, e.g. between AppleWorks and ClarisWorks.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Cheeger constant
In Riemannian geometry, the Cheeger isoperimetric constant of a compact Riemannian manifold M is a positive real number h(M) defined in terms of the minimal area of a hypersurface that divides M into two disjoint pieces. In 1971, Jeff Cheeger proved an inequality that related the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on M to h(M). In 1982, Peter Buser proved a reverse version of this inequality, and the two inequalities put together are sometimes called the Cheeger-Buser inequality. These inequalities were highly influential not only in Riemannian geometry and global analysis, but also in the theory of Markov chains and in graph theory, where they have inspired the analogous Cheeger constant of a graph and the notion of conductance.

Conductance (graph theory)
In theoretical computer science, graph theory, and mathematics, the conductance is a parameter of a Markov chain that is closely tied to its mixing time, that is, how rapidly the chain converges to its stationary distribution, should it exist. Equivalently, the conductance can be viewed as a parameter of a directed graph, in which case it can be used to analyze how quickly random walks in the graph converge.

The conductance of a graph is closely related to the Cheeger constant of the graph, which is also known as the edge expansion or the isoperimetic number. However, due to subtly different definitions, the conductance and the edge expansion do not generally coincide if the graphs are not regular. On the other hand, the notion of electrical conductance that appears in electrical networks is unrelated to the conductance of a graph.
Chris Stroffolino
Chris Stroffolino (born 20 March 1963 in Reading, Pennsylvania) is an American poet, writer, musician, critic, performer, and author. He worked alongside Steve Malkmus and David Berman on The Silver Jews' American Water (1998 Drag City). Stroffolino attended Albright College, Temple University, Bard College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst before receiving a Ph.D. at State University of New York at Albany with a dissertation on William Shakespeare in 1998.

Silver Jews
Silver Jews were an American indie rock band from Hoboken, New Jersey, formed in 1989 by David Berman alongside Pavement members Stephen Malkmus and Bob Nastanovich. Berman was the only constant band member. During the last few albums, Cassie Berman became a regular member of the band. They disbanded in 2009.
Isuru Dodangoda
Isuru Udyoga Dodangoda is a Sri Lankan politician, former provincial councillor and Member of Parliament.

Dodangoda is the son of Amarasiri Dodangoda, former government minister and Chief Minister of the Southern Province. He was educated at Ananda College. He has an IT degree from the University of Greenwich and MBA degree from Cardiff Metropolitan University.

Dodangoda was a member of the Southern Provincial Council. He contested the 2020 parliamentary election as a Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance electoral alliance candidate in Galle District and was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

University of Greenwich
The University of Greenwich is a public university located in London and Kent, United Kingdom. Previous names include Woolwich Polytechnic and Thames Polytechnic.

The university's main campus is at the Old Royal Naval College, which along with its Avery Hill campus, is located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Greenwich also has a campus in Medway, Kent, as part of a shared campus. The university's range of subjects includes architecture, business, computing, mathematics, education, engineering, humanities, maritime studies, natural sciences, pharmacy and social sciences.
Scott Evans (Canadian football)
Scott Evans (born December 15, 1983) is a Canadian former professional football offensive tackle. He also played CIS Football at Wilfrid Laurier. Evans first signed with the Toronto Argonauts as an undrafted free agent in 2007 and attended training camp, but returned to school after its conclusion. He re-signed with the Argonauts in 2008, and remained on their practice roster for the first seven weeks of the 2008 CFL season, then returned to Wilfrid Laurier for his final year of eligibility on August 16, 2008.  Evans re-joined the Argonauts for the start of the 2009 pre-season training camp, but was cut by the team, only to rejoin the Argonauts on October 16, 2009 under a practice roster agreement. On June 11, 2010, Evans was released by the Argonauts.

Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks
The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks, commonly shortened to Laurier Golden Hawks, is the name used by the varsity sports teams of Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports and, where applicable, in the west division.
Wells-next-the-Sea Lifeboat Station
Wells-next-the-Sea Lifeboat Station is located at the end of Beach Road, about 1 mi (1.6 km) north of the town of Wells-next-the-Sea, on the north coast of the English county of Norfolk.

A lifeboat station was first established at Wells-next-the-Sea by the Norfolk Shipwreck Association (NSA) in 1830, but closed in 1851. The station was re-established by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1869.

The station currently operates the All-weather Shannon-class lifeboat, 13-46 Duke of Edinburgh (Civil Service No.53) (ON 1161), on station since 2023, and the smaller D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, Peter Wilcox (D-797), on station since 2016. The newly constructed boathouse (2022) is located at the beach on the western side of Wells Harbour mouth.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Rick Noonan
Rick Noonan is a Canadian ice hockey executive. He was the general manager of the Canada men's national ice hockey team for the 1980 Winter Olympics held in Lake Placid, New York. Noonan began his sports career in Ontario as an athletic trainer, and in the 1960s he served as a trainer for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League. In 1970, he joined the University of British Columbia, where he was the sports trainer. In 1972, during the Summit Series, Noonan was assigned by Hockey Canada to assist the Soviet Union national ice hockey team while they were in Canada. Noonan was the only Canadian to have regular access to the Soviet's locker room, and he was behind the Soviet's bench as a trainer during the first four games of the Summit Series.

Noonan was inducted into the University of British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame in 2012.

Hockey Canada
Hockey Canada (which merged with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1994) is the national governing body of ice hockey and ice sledge hockey in Canada. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and controls the majority of organized ice hockey in Canada. There are some notable exceptions, such as the Canadian Hockey League, U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport), and Canada's professional hockey clubs; the former two are partnered with Hockey Canada but are not member organizations. Hockey Canada is based in Calgary, with a secondary office in Ottawa and regional centres in Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal.
2010–11 Lebanese Basketball League
The 2010–2011 season was the 15th edition of the Lebanese Basketball League. The regular season began on Thursday, October 28, 2010 and ended on Wednesday April 13, 2012. The playoffs began on Sunday, April 17 and ended with the 2011 Finals on Sunday May 8, 2011, after Riyadi Beirut defeated Champville SC in 3 games to win their eight title (new format).

Al Mouttahed Tripoli
Al Mouttahed (Arabic: المتحد طرابلس) also known by its name United Club Tripoli is a Lebanese sports club most known for its basketball program playing in the second division. It is located Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affiliated with Safadi Foundation but has its own independent administrative structure.
Tripoli's Al-Mouttahed club was founded in 2001 with the objective of promoting the development of sports in Tripoli and in North Lebanon.
2022 Northern Colorado Bears football team
The 2022 Northern Colorado Bears football team represented the University of Northern Colorado as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2022 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Ed McCaffrey and played their home games at Nottingham Field.  McCaffrey was fired on November 21, 2022, two days after the Bears completed their season with a 3–8 record (2–6 in Big Sky play), repeating the win-loss record of the prior season.

2021 Northern Colorado Bears football team
The 2021 Northern Colorado Bears football team represented the University of Northern Colorado as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2021 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by first-year head coach Ed McCaffrey and played their home games at Nottingham Field.
Armand Cabrera
Armand Cabrera (born June 5, 1955, in San Francisco, California) is an American oil painter recognized for his en plein air landscape art, seascapes, cityscapes, still lifes and figurative works. He is also well known as a game art designer who has delivered over 25 shipped games as a Lead and Senior Artist. His clients include Lucasfilm Games, Disney, Electronic Arts, Virgin Entertainment, Nickelodeon, Microsoft and Paramount Pictures.

Cabrera is represented by seven fine art galleries in the United States. He is the "Artist in Residence" at Riverbend Park in Great Falls, Virginia and is a member of the "Artist in Residence Program" at Century House on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Aux animaux
aux animaux is a music project founded on Christmas 2015 by musician Gözde Düzer in Stockholm. Her style is dark wave and gothic music.

Gözde Düzer, originally from Istanbul, now resides in Stockholm and has also spent some months in Strasbourg. She plays bass guitar and theremin and describes her music as hauntwave. She performed opening acts for Hante. and Sólveig Matthildur. In April 2023, she embarked on a tour in Germany and the Netherlands with She Past Away.

The French project name aux animaux translates to "for the animals" and reflects the animal rights movement and veganism. Their video for Lost Souls features footage from the animal rights organization Djurrättsalliansen. In March 2023 she published the EP Operatione Daemonum as Melaina Chole.

Theremin
The theremin (/ˈθɛrəmɪn/; originally known as the ætherphone, etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the performer (who is known as a thereminist). It is named after its inventor, Leon Theremin, who patented the device in 1928.

The instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that function not as radio antennas but rather as position sensors. Each antenna forms one half of a capacitor with each of the thereminist's hands as the other half of the capacitor. These antennas capacitively sense the relative position of the hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.

The sound of the instrument is often associated with eerie situations.
Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
The Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills ecoregion is a Level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and California. In the rain shadow of the Cascade Range, the eastern side of the mountains experiences greater temperature extremes and receives less precipitation than the west side. Open forests of ponderosa pine and some lodgepole pine distinguish this region from the Cascades ecoregion, where hemlock and fir forests are more common, and from the lower, drier ecoregions to the east, where shrubs and grasslands are predominant. The vegetation is adapted to the prevailing dry, continental climate and frequent wildfire. Volcanic cones and buttes are common in much of the region.

The ecoregion has been subdivided into ten Level IV ecoregions.

Tsuga
Tsuga (/ˈsuːɡə/, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous.

The genus comprises eight to ten species (depending on the authority), with four species occurring in North America and four to six in eastern Asia.
Holbrook Working
Holbrook Working (February 5, 1895 – October 5, 1985) was an American professor of economics and statistics at Stanford University's Food Research Institute known for his contributions on hedging, on the theory of futures prices, on an early theory of market maker behavior, and on the theory of storage (including the Working curve which plots the difference between short term and long term grain futures prices against current inventory).

American Economic Association
The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, with approximately 23,000 members. It publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Review, and the Journal of Economic Perspectives.
Team Finland (roller derby)
Team Finland represents Finland in women's international roller derby, in events such as the Roller Derby World Cup.  The team was first formed to compete at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup, and finished the tournament in fifth place.

Finland's first bout was on 8 October 2011, against Team Sweden in Helsinki, in what Stockholm Roller Derby claimed was "the world's first Roller Derby bout between two nations".  Finland lost by 135 points to 71.

At the World Cup, Finland lost their quarter final to Team Canada by 499 points to 31, at that time the highest point spread in the tournament.  They then beat France and Sweden in the consolation stage, to finish in fifth place.

Stockholm Roller Derby
Stockholm Roller Derby (STRD) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 2007, the league currently consists of four teams which compete against teams from other leagues and the league also has their own group of officials.

Stockholm Allstars consists of STRD’s WFTDA 20 charter. Stockholm BSTRDs compete in the top tier of Swedish national play, Elitserien. Stockholm C-Stars play in Division 2 of Swedish national play. YoungSTRDs find themselves in matches against other junior teams. Stockholm Roller Derby is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).
Kelvin MacKenzie
Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946) is an English media executive and a former newspaper editor. He became editor of The Sun in 1981, by which time the publication had been established as Britain's largest-circulation newspaper. After leaving The Sun in 1994, he was appointed to executive roles in satellite television and other broadcasting outlets, as well as being involved in a number of publishing enterprises.

After short periods as a columnist at the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph, MacKenzie returned to The Sun as a columnist. His contract was terminated by mutual consent in May 2017, after he was suspended for comparing footballer Ross Barkley to a gorilla.

Print circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
Dado Pršo
Miladin "Dado" Pršo (born 5 November 1974) is a Croatian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Pršo played for seven different teams, making 302 league appearances and scoring 90 goals. He was part of the Monaco team that reached the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final, as well as part of the Rangers team that won the League and Cup double in 2005. Pršo played 32 games for Croatia, scoring 9 goals, and was part of the team's squad at Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup. He retired in June 2007 from the Scottish Premier League club Rangers.

Pršo acquired French nationality by marriage. He was a coach for a youth team in Villefranche-sur-Mer. He is currently assistant manager of Bordeaux.

Trophée des Champions
The Trophée des Champions (French pronunciation: [tʁɔ.fe de ʃɑ̃.pjɔ̃], lit. 'Champions' Trophy') is a French association football trophy contested in an annual match between the champions of Ligue 1 and the winners of the Coupe de France. It is equivalent to the super cups found in many other countries.
Enescu
Enescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Enescu (1948–2016), Romanian composer

Andrei Enescu (born 1987), Romanian footballer

George Enescu (1881–1955), Romanian classical violinist, pianist and composer

Nicolae Enescu (1911–1993), Romanian politician

Adrian Enescu
Adrian-Floru Enescu (31 March 1948 – 19 August 2016) was a Romanian composer of film soundtracks and contemporary music.

As an individual musician, he also pioneered the local electronic scene during the 1970s and 1980s. He graduated from the Ciprian Porumbescu Music Conservatory in Bucharest, following the composition class of Aurel Stroe and Alexandru Pașcanu in harmony.

Among his list of accomplishments are music for ballet in Italy, China, and Australia, music for theater in Romania, Holland, Belgium, Japan, Australia, Canada, Colombia, and Costa Rica.
1986 NSL First Division
The 1986 National Soccer League First Division was the second season of the NSL First Division in South Africa. It was won by Rangers.

The other professional league, the Federation Professional League, continued to function independently.

National Soccer League (South Africa)
The National Soccer League (NSL) was a South African association football league established in 1985 as a response to boardroom disagreements in the non-racial NPSL. The NPSL had been established in 1978 after a merger between the white NFL and the previous racial black NPSL. A portion of the NPSL continued under its own name, and later merged with the NSL to form today's Premier Soccer League (PSL).

The NSL faced accusations of endemic bribery and corruption in its ranks.
1998 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1998 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final (sponsored by Guinness) was a hurling match played on 12 July 1998 at Semple Stadium, Thurles, County Tipperary. It was contested by Clare and Waterford.

The final finished in a draw, with a scoreline of 1-16 for Clare, 3-10 for Waterford.	
Clare, captained by Anthony Daly and managed by Ger Loughnane, won the replay a week later on a scoreline of 2-16 to 0-10. 
Both matches were shown live in Ireland as part of The Sunday Game Live on RTÉ Two.

Thurles
Thurles (/ˈtɜːrləs/; Durlas Éile) is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of the same name in the barony of Eliogarty and in the ecclesiastical parish of Thurles. The cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly is located in the town.

The birthplace of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), Thurles is the third largest town in the county, with a population of 8,185 at the 2022 census.
2002 Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil 2002 was the 14th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 13, 2002 and concluded on May 15, 2002 with the second leg of the final, held at the Boca do Jacaré in Taguatinga in the Federal District, in which Corinthians lifted the trophy for the second time after a 1–1 draw with Brasiliense.

Serejão
The Elmo Serejo Farias Stadium, popularly known as Serejão or, more recently, Boca do Jacaré, is a Brazilian football stadium, located in Taguatinga, in the Distrito Federal. The stadium was built in 1978. The stadium is owned by the Taguatinga Regional Administration and by the Distrito Federal Government and is the home stadium of Taguatinga Esporte Clube and Brasiliense FC.
Herbert Kirkpatrick
The Ven   Herbert Francis Kirkpatrick  (31 July 1888 – 21 July 1971) was an eminent Anglican priest in the first half of the 20th century.

He was born into an ecclesiastical family, the son of the Very Reverend Alexander Francis Kirkpatrick, Dean of Ely from 1907 until 1936.

Kirkpartick was educated at Marlborough and Jesus College, Cambridge. After curacies in Middlesbrough and Torquay he became Vicar of All Saints, Cambridge, a post he held until 1922.

He was Principal of the Missionary College of SS Peter and Paul in Dorchester on Thames from then until 1947 when he was appointed Archdeacon of Ely.

Kirkpatrick retired in 1961 and died a decade later.

All Saints' Church, Cambridge
All Saints' is a church on Jesus Lane in central Cambridge, England, which was built by the architect George Frederick Bodley. The church was constructed in stages between 1863 and 1870 and is a notable example of English Gothic Revival style. It was designated Grade I listed building status in 1950. It was vested in the Churches Conservation Trust in 1981. Opening times vary and visitors should contact the Churches Conservation Trust to confirm current arrangements.