hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
December 1870 Goldfields South colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields South on 12 December 1870 as a result of the Legislative Assembly declaring the election of Ezekiel Baker was void. Baker had been appointed to conduct a Royal Commission to inquire into the laws and regulations of the goldfields and for securing a permanent water supply. The Committee of Elections and Qualifications held that this appointment was an office of profit under the crown which meant he was incapable of being elected, or of sitting, or voting, as a member of the Assembly.

Electoral district of Goldfields South
Goldfields South was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880, including the goldfields within several southern electorates. Rolls were not kept for goldfields seats, voters being able to establish their right to vote by presenting either a mining licence or business licence in a proclaimed gold field that had been held for at least six months. Voters could also appear on the roll for general districts, but were prevented from voting in both their resident general district and the overlaying goldfields district.
Plaistow County Grammar School
Plaistow County Grammar School, also known as "Plaistow Grammar" or "PGS", was a local authority mixed gender Grammar school established in 1945 and located on Prince Regent Lane (A112) in Plaistow, in the County Borough of West Ham and then the London Borough of Newham in east London.  It was disestablished in 1972 upon its merging to create a Comprehensive school.

County Borough of West Ham
West Ham was a local government district in the extreme south west of Essex from 1886 to 1965, forming part of the built-up area of London, although outside the County of London. It was immediately north of the River Thames and east of the River Lea.
Church of the Vera Cruz (Santiago)
The Iglesia de la Vera Cruz or de la Veracruz (church of Vera Cruz) is a Catholic church located in Barrio Lastarria in the center of Santiago, Chile.

Construction on the church began in 1852 with a proposal by Salvador Tavira to preserve the place where Pedro de Valdivia had lived by building a memorial church for the conquistador, under the guidance of architect Claudio Brunet de Baines. Upon Brunet de Baines’ death in 1855, work was continued by architect Fermín Vivaceta and inaugurated in advance during Chilean Fiestas Patrias celebrations in 1855. The church was completed in 1857.

In 1983 the Iglesia de la Vera Cruz and its parish residence were declared National Monuments by the Ministry of Education.

On November 12, 2019, the church was burned after social riots.

National monuments of Chile
The National Monuments of Chile (Spanish: Monumentos Nacionales de Chile [MN]) are those places and properties, moveable or fixed, protected by the State of Chile under the 1970 Law No. 17,288 for the protection of National Monuments. This protection is managed by the Council of National Monuments (Spanish: Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales [CMN]) owing to the historical, artistic, scientific or commemorative value of those properties designated as national monuments, which represent the country's cultural heritage.

There are five categories of national monuments:

Historical monuments

Typical (or picturesque) zones

Nature preserves

Archeological monuments

Public monuments
Mèo Vạc commune
Mèo Vạc is a commune of Tuyên Quang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2025 the commune had a population of 18,979. It is renowned for its rugged and spectacular limestone mountains, rich Hmong cultural traditions, the UNESCO-recognized Sunday Love Market, and even the stunning canyon river, the Nho Que River (Sông Nho Quê) – one of nature's wonders. Consequently, it attracts numerous international tourists.

Northeast (Vietnam)
Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" from Chinese: 東北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is the region to the north of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, bordering China. It is called Northeast to distinguish it from the Tây Bắc (Chinese: 西北; pinyin: Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc (Chinese: 越北联区; pinyin: Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions of Northern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are the Northwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes the Red River Delta.
CFZN-FM
CFZN-FM is a Canadian radio station with an adult hits format broadcasting at 93.5 FM in Haliburton, Ontario, and is owned by the Vista Broadcast Group. It was founded by the Haliburton Broadcasting Group. The station uses an on-air branding as 93.5 Moose FM.

CFZN began broadcasting in 2006 after it was given approval by the CRTC on October 13, 2005.

On April 23, 2012, Vista Broadcast Group, which owns a number of radio stations in western Canada, announced a deal to acquire Haliburton Broadcasting Group, in cooperation with Westerkirk Capital. The transaction was approved by the CRTC on October 19, 2012.

Dysart et al
The United Townships of Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde, commonly known as the Municipality of Dysart et al, is a municipality in Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. The original townships were of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.
Peter Cuong Franklin
Peter Cuong Franklin is a Vietnamese American chef and founder of Anan Saigon in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and Chôm Chôm in Hong Kong, specializing in "Cuisine Mới" (new Vietnamese cuisine).  Born in Da Lat, Vietnam, Franklin's mother Nguyễn Thị Như Thừa operated a noodle shop. Franklin fled Ho Chi Minh City as a child refugee on April 29, 1975 during the Fall of Saigon. He was later adopted by an American family, attending Fairfield College Preparatory School and Yale University.

Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (ngũ vị): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more elements (such as nutrients and colors), which are also based around a five-pronged philosophy. Vietnamese recipes use ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, brown sugar, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, soy sauce, lime, and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking has often been characterised as using fresh ingredients, not using much dairy or oil, having interesting textures, and making use of herbs and vegetables. The cuisine is also low in sugar and is almost always naturally gluten-free, as many of the dishes are rice-based instead of wheat-based, made with rice noodles, bánh tráng rice paper wrappers and rice flour.
Selenium dichloride
Selenium dichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula SeCl2.  It forms red-brown solutions in ethers.  Selenium dichloride has been prepared by treating gray selenium with sulfuryl chloride.  Adducts of selenium dichloride with thioethers and thioureas are well characterized. Related complexes of tellurium dichloride are known.

Solutions of selenium dichloride are unstable at room temperature, forming selenium monochloride after several minutes at room temperature:

3 SeCl2  →  Se2Cl2  +  SeCl4

Organic sulfide
In organic chemistry, a sulfide (British English sulphide) or thioether is an organosulfur functional group with the connectivity R−S−R' as shown on right. Like many other sulfur-containing compounds, volatile sulfides have foul odors. A sulfide is similar to an ether except that it contains a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen. The grouping of oxygen and sulfur in the periodic table suggests that the chemical properties of ethers and sulfides are somewhat similar, though the extent to which this is true in practice varies depending on the application.
290 Square Meters
52°22′7.7″N 4°54′8.3″E﻿ / ﻿52.368806°N 4.902306°E﻿ / 52.368806; 4.902306

290 Square Meters was a retail shop in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It offered men's and women's fashion as well as limited edition books, jewelry and scents. 290 Square Meters was best known for being the only retail location in the world where one could buy customized NikeID shoes for a number of years. It also carried a number of other unique items by Levi's, Freitag and Arc'teryx Veilance.

Founded by Ido de Voos in 2001, it originally started as 90 Square meters on KNSM Island. Its new location right off  Waterlooplein in a former bank vault.

Both the stores original name, 90 Square Meters, and its new name, 290 Square Meters, are derived from the shop's size. The company opened stores in Zürich and Istanbul.

In late 2012 it launched a web shop. It shut down in 2019. The Istanbul shop continued as 1290sqm.

Levi Strauss & Co.
Levi Strauss & Co. (/ˈliːvaɪ ˈstraʊs/ LEE-vy STROWSS) is an American clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's (/ˈliːvaɪz/ LEE-vyze) brand of denim jeans. It was founded in May 1852 when German-Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss moved from Buttenheim, Bavaria, to San Francisco, California, to open a West Coast branch of his brothers' New York dry goods business. Although the corporation is registered in Delaware, the company's corporate headquarters is located in Levi's Plaza in San Francisco.
Mike Cowlishaw
Michael Frederic Cowlishaw is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. and sometime visiting professor at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Warwick.  He is a retired IBM Fellow, and was a Fellow of the Institute of Engineering and Technology, and the British Computer Society. He was educated at Monkton Combe School and the University of Birmingham.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Jarvis Caldwell
Jarvis Caldwell (born Timothy Caldwell on 1988/1989) is an American politician serving as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 20th district, which includes a portion of unincorporated El Paso County and the communities of Air Force Academy, Black Forest, Gleneagle, Monument, Palmer Lake, and Woodmoor. In September 2025, he was elected Minority Leader of the body.

Air Force Academy, Colorado
Air Force Academy is a census-designated place (CDP) located in El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The CDP includes the developed portion of the United States Air Force Academy, including the cadet housing facilities. The CDP is a part of the Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Air Force Academy post office (ZIP Codes 80840 and 80841 [for post office boxes]) serves the area. At the 2020 United States census, the population of the Air Force Academy CDP was 6,680.
Hydnellum scleropodium
Hydnellum scleropodium is a rare species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1964 by Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison. The fungus has been collected in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Nova Scotia, in both mixed and coniferous forest. Its fruitbody has an irregular, brownish cap measuring 10–25 cm (4–10 in) wide. The sclerotium-like stipe measures 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long by 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) thick, and roots into the ground. The flesh has a strong, fragrant odor. Spines on the cap underside, blue in color, are up to 11 mm long.

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions, and include temperate rainforests.

These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Himalayas, Western and Central Europe, the southern coast of the Black Sea, Australasia, Southwestern South America and the Russian Far East.
The Glugs of Gosh
The Glugs of Gosh is a book of satirical verse written by Australian author C. J. Dennis, published by Angus & Robertson in 1917. The book's 13 poems are vignettes of life in a fictional kingdom called Gosh, inhabited by an arboreal race (that is to say, climbers) known as Glugs. Dennis describes the Glugs as a "stupid race of docile folk". The illustrations, by Dennis's regular collaborator Hal Gye, depict the Glugs as short humanoids with large heads. Written in the style of children's nonsense poetry, the work attacks free trade, along with what Dennis saw as Australia's social conformity, intellectual cowardice and rampant bureaucracy. Although the book has greater literary merit than the larrikin-inspired doggerel verse for which Dennis is famed, it was a commercial failure. According to one biographer, "the veiled political and economic satirical verse was lost on the public." The book is dedicated to his wife.

Larrikin
Larrikin is an Australian English term meaning "a mischievous young person, an uncultivated, rowdy but good-hearted person", or "a person who acts with apparent disregard for social or political conventions".

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the term generally meant  "a lout, a hoodlum" or "a young urban rough, a hooligan", meanings which became obsolete.
Goulden Cove
Goulden Cove (62°11′S 58°38′W﻿ / ﻿62.183°S 58.633°W﻿ / -62.183; -58.633) is the southern of two coves at the head of Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, on King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was probably named by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who surveyed Admiralty Bay in December 1909. Located at its head is an icefall called Doctors Icefall.

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
Thomson Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)
The Thomson Medal is a medal awarded annually since 1984 by the Royal Society of New Zealand for 'organisation, support and application of science and/or technology and/or the humanities in New Zealand.'

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
KKZU (Washington)
KKZU was a daytime-only radio station that broadcast on 1510 AM in Mountlake Terrace, Washington, United States. It broadcast from September 23, 1968, to January 1985, though it was off the air for four years from 1977 to 1981 and again from October 1982 to February 1983. Originally intended as a community station for southern Snohomish County under the KURB and KAAR call signs, it cycled through formats and failed financially. A sale was approved in 1980, but under KKNW and later KKZU call letters, the daytime-only, low-power station continued to be unable to find its footing. The last owner, Radio Northwest Broadcasting Company, took KKZU silent in January 1985; it never returned to the air.

1510 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1510 kHz: 1510 AM is a North American (U.S.) clear-channel frequency. WLAC in Nashville, Tennessee, is the dominant Class A station on 1510 AM.  KGA Spokane had been a Class A station, before it reduced its nighttime power and downgraded to Class B in 2008.
Eleanor Harvey
Eleanor Grace Harvey (born January 14, 1995) is a Canadian foil fencer. She is a three-time Olympian and won the bronze medal in the individual foil event at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Harvey is also a Pan American Games champion, a two-time Pan American Fencing champion, a two-time Junior World Championships silver medalist and a two-time Pan American Junior champion.

Pan American Fencing Championships
The Pan American Fencing Championships are an annual top-level fencing tournament organized by the Pan American Fencing Confederation. They serve as zone championships for the Fencing World Cup run by the International Fencing Federation.
Beautiful in White
"Beautiful in White" is a song recorded by Irish singer-songwriter Shane Filan from his third studio album, Love Always (2017). The track was originally written by Savan Kotecha and Arnthor Birgisson for a then-upcoming album of Filan's band, Westlife. After it was rejected, Filan's 2006 demo of the track surfaced online in 2010 and gained much success in Asia where it was a popular wedding song and making it as one of their sleeper hits. The singer eventually acknowledged the song's popularity four years later, and in 2017, he re-recorded the song for Love Always. In addition to including it on the Love Always Tour (2017–18) setlist, Filan also performed "Beautiful in White" on two television series, Rising Star Indonesia and Immortal Songs: Singing the Legend. Its music video was later released in July 2018.

Sleeper hit
In the entertainment industry, a sleeper hit is a film, television series, music release, video game or other entertainment product that was initially unsuccessful on release, but eventually became a surprise success. A sleeper hit may have had little to no promotion or lack a successful launch, but gradually develops a fandom and spreads via word of mouth, media coverage, or unexpected internet virality. As Variety puts it, "A 'sleeper hit' can be defined as the kind of show that catches us by surprise—programs whose popularity grows over time and can ultimately outshine the preordained hits."

A sleeper hit often lacks star performers or high production values, but prevails, at times against its makers' expectations, on the strength of such qualities as narrative, approach, or novelty, as well as market accidents. Sleeper hit films benefit theater owners because they keep a larger percentage of the money from ticket sales.
Myrmecocystus testaceus
Myrmecocystus testaceus is a species of honeypot ant found throughout the western United States and extreme south British Columbia. It is usually nocturnal, and nests in sand.

They can spray formic acid from their gasters to melt skin tissue. Instead of stinging and swarming, they stretch their prey by the legs until it splits or dies from bites and formic acid.

Formic acid
Formic acid (from Latin  formica 'ant'), systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. This acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from carbon monoxide.
Bijelo Brdo culture
The Bijelo Brdo culture, or Bjelo-Brdo culture, is a medieval archaeological culture flourishing in the 10th and 12th centuries in Central Europe. It represents a synthesis of Pannonian-Middle Danubian post-Avar culture existing in the territory (in present-day Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia) before the Hungarian conquest and those introduced in the Carpathian Basin by the conquering Hungarians in the early 10th century.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Degree symbol
The degree symbol or degree sign, °, is a glyph or symbol that is used, among other things, to represent degrees of arc (e.g. in geographic coordinate systems), hours (in the medical field), degrees of temperature or alcohol proof. The symbol consists of a small superscript circle.

Dakuten and handakuten
The dakuten (Japanese: 濁点; Japanese pronunciation: [da.kɯ̥.te(ꜜ)ɴ], lit. 'muddying/voicing mark'), colloquially ten-ten (点々, "dots"), is a diacritic most often used in the Japanese kana syllabaries to indicate that the consonant of a mora should be pronounced voiced, for instance, on sounds that have undergone rendaku (sequential voicing).

The handakuten (半濁点; [han.daꜜ.kɯ̥.teɴ], lit. 'semi-muddying/voicing mark'), colloquially maru (丸, "circle"), is a diacritic used with kana for morae pronounced with /h/ or /f/ to indicate that they should instead be pronounced with /p/.
Melide, Switzerland
Melide is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village lies very close to the mountain Monte San Salvatore and is directly on the Lake of Lugano. The Melide causeway to the east was built to make it possible to cross to Bissone and to allow a north–south highway to be built.

Melide is known for 
Swissminiatur, a museum that shows famous buildings in Switzerland presented in miniature form.

Lugano District
The Lugano District (Italian: Distretto di Lugano also called Luganese) is a district of Canton of Ticino, southern Switzerland. The capital is the city of Lugano.

It has a population of 150,556 (as of 31 December 2020).
Wanted (The Dooleys song)
"Wanted" is a 1979 song by English pop group The Dooleys. It was recorded in 1979 and reached No.3 in both the UK and Irish charts that summer, becoming the band's highest charting single in both countries. It was written by Findon\Myers\Puzey (who also wrote "I'm In the Mood for Dancing" by The Nolans) and was produced by Ben Findon. The label was GTO. The lead singers on this record were Kathy Dooley and Anne Dooley.

The single reached number 3 on the UK singles chart and remained in the chart for 14 weeks. In Ireland, it reached number 3 on the chart prepared by MCPS for IFPI. In Japan, the single reached number 12 on the Oricon Singles Chart and remained in the chart for 31 weeks. It also reached number 1 on the Oricon foreign singles chart and stayed there for 10 consecutive weeks. It reached number 8 on the Music Labo chart in 1979.

The song was re-recorded by Nicki French and Suzanna Dee for French's 2018 album Glitter to the Neon Lights.

GTO Records
GTO Records was a British record label which released many hits during the 1970s. It ran from 1974 to 1981 and mainly concentrated on pop music and disco. The acronym represented the Gem Toby Organization.