hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Peter II (German: Nikolaus Friedrich Peter) (8 July 1827 – 13 June 1900) was the reigning Grand Duke of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900. He claimed hereditary parts of Duchy of Holstein after the Second Schleswig War in 1864. After signing a treaty on 23 February 1867 in Kiel, he renounced his claims. In return, he received the district of Ahrensbök and the Prussian parts of the former Principality of Lübeck other than the village of Travenhorst, and was given a million taler as compensation from Prussia. Thus the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg gained access to the Baltic Sea.

Duchy of Holstein
The Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; Danish: Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his County of Holstein-Rendsburg elevated to a duchy by Emperor  Frederick III in 1474. Members of the Danish House of Oldenburg ruled Holstein – jointly with the Duchy of Schleswig – for its entire existence.

From 1490 to 1523 and again from 1544 to 1773 the Duchy was partitioned between various Oldenburg branches, most notably the dukes of Holstein-Glückstadt (identical with the Kings of Denmark) and Holstein-Gottorp. The duchy ceased to exist when the Kingdom of Prussia annexed it in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.
Greek ship Salamis
At least three ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Salamis (Greek: Σαλαμίς), after the Greek island of Salamis and the Battle of Salamis:

Greek battleship Salamis, a battleship ordered from Germany in 1912 and launched in 1914,. She was never delivered and was scrapped incomplete in 1932.

Greek destroyer Salamis (1944), a B-class destroyer, launched as HMS Boreas in 1930 and renamed on transfer to Greece in 1944. She was returned to the Royal Navy in 1951 and scrapped.

Greek frigate Salamis (F-455), a Hydra-class frigate launched in 1996.

A- and B-class destroyer
The A- and B-class destroyers were a group of 18 destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the late 1920s, with two additional ships built for the Royal Canadian Navy. The British ships were divided into two flotillas of eight destroyers, each with a flotilla leader.
Nobuyoshi Araki
Nobuyoshi Araki (荒木 経惟, Araki Nobuyoshi; born May 25, 1940), professionally known by the mononym Arākii (アラーキー), is a Japanese photographer and contemporary artist. Known primarily for photography that blends eroticism and bondage in a fine art context, he has published over 500 books.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Arcoona
Arcoona or Arcoona Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station.

It is located about 28 kilometres (17 mi) north east of Woomera in the outback of South Australia,

The station occupies an area of 828 square miles (2,145 km2). The station was founded prior to 1880 and was owned by Mr A. M. Wooldridge in 1880. Wooldridge owned the Parakylia lease that he had established and then sold the western portion and kept the balance himself and renamed as Arcoona. The neighbouring properties are Wirraminna to the south and Andamooka Station to the north.

Sheep station
A sheep station is  a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, the main activity of which is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.
Cynodon
Cynodon, from Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), meaning "dog", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth", is a genus of plants in the grass family. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the New World and on many oceanic islands.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Teresa Kubiak
Teresa Kubiak (born 26 December 1937) is a Polish operatic soprano.

Born in Ldzań in the Łódź Voivodeship, she studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź. Kubiak is best known for her recording of the role of Tatyana in Georg Solti's recording of Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, which was used for Petr Weigl's 1988 film of the opera. She was also known for her performances of Liza in Tchaikovsky's Pique Dame.

Kubiak made her American debut in 1970 at Carnegie Hall, New York City, as Sulamith in Goldmark's Die Königin von Saba. She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for 15 seasons, appearing in 14 roles.

In 2012 she was awarded the medal Fides Et Ratio (Faith and Reason) by the Warsaw University Association, Poland.

Kubiak was a professor of music and voice at Indiana University's Jacobs School of Music for over 25 years, retiring in 2018.

Die Königin von Saba
Die Königin von Saba (The Queen of Sheba) is an opera in four acts by Karl Goldmark. The German libretto by Hermann Salomon Mosenthal sets a love triangle into the context of the Queen of Sheba's visit to the court of King Solomon, recorded in 1 Kings 10:1-13 (largely copied in 2 Chronicles 9:1–12). The plot centres on a love triangle not found in the Bible between the Queen of Sheba, Assad (an ambassador at the court of Solomon), and Sulamith (Assad's betrothed).

The opera was first performed at the Hofoper (now the State Opera) in Vienna, on 10 March 1875. While in the present-day the opera is rarely performed, its historical popularity led it to be staged over 250 times in Vienna in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the early 1900s, it was staged internationally at leading opera houses including the Metropolitan Opera and La Scala.
Statute Law Revision Act 2016
The Statute Law Revision Act 2016 is a Statute Law Revision Act enacted by the Oireachtas in Ireland to review Acts of the Oireachtas passed from 1922 to 1950. It also amended the Statute Law Revision Act 2007 to revive the incorporation Act of the Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge, which was accidentally repealed the Statute Law Revision Act 2007. The Act is part of the Statute Law Revision Programme which has also seen the enactment of statute law revision legislation between 2005 and 2016.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Carlton E. Morse
Carlton Errol Morse (June 4, 1901 - May 24, 1993) was a Louisiana-born producer/journalist best known for his creation of the radio serial One Man's Family, which debuted in 1932 and ran until 1959 as one of the most popular as well as long-running radio soap operas of the time. He also was responsible for the radio serial I Love a Mystery. A radio legend, he experimented with television and published three novels. Morse is considered by many to be one of the best radio scriptwriters.

The Sacramento Union
The Sacramento Union was a daily newspaper founded in 1851 in Sacramento, California. It was the oldest daily newspaper west of the Mississippi River before it closed its doors after 143 years in January 1994, no longer able to compete with The Sacramento Bee, which was founded in 1857.
2023 Fórmula Nacional Argentina
The 2023 Fórmula Nacional Argentina was a multi-event, Formula Renault 2.0 open-wheel single seater motor racing championship. The championship featured a mix of professional and amateur drivers. This championship was held under the Formula Renault Argentina moniker from 1980. This was the second season held under the Fórmula Nacional Argentina moniker.

The season started on 24 February, and was held over 24 races spanning twelve weekends. Nicolás Suárez won the Drivers' Championship, while the team of his closest competitor Emiliano Stang, Gabriel Werner Competición, won the Teams' Championship.

Formula Renault
Formula Renault are classes of formula racing popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it was founded in 1971, and was a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to higher formulas.

Renault now backs the French F4 Championship and Formula Regional European Championship. The World Series by Renault once included Formula Renault 3.5 before becoming World Series Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, then folding in 2017.
Georg Friedrich von Martens
Georg Friedrich von Martens (22 February 1756 in Hamburg, Germany – 21 February 1821 in Frankfurt, Germany) was a German jurist and diplomat. Educated at the universities of Göttingen, Regensburg and Vienna, he became professor of jurisprudence at Göttingen in 1783 and was ennobled in 1789.  He was made a counsellor of state by the King of Westphalia in 1808, and in 1810 was president of the financial section of the council of state of the kingdom of Westphalia.  In 1814 he was appointed privy cabinet-councillor (Geheimer Kabinettsrat) by the king of Hanover, and in 1816 went as representative of the king to the diet of the new German Confederation at Frankfort.

Diet (assembly)
In politics, a diet (/ˈdaɪ.ət/ DY-ət) is a formal deliberative assembly or legislature. The term is used for some assemblies such as the German Imperial Diet (the general assembly of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire), as well as a designation for modern-day legislative bodies of certain countries and states such as the National Diet of Japan, or the German Bundestag, the Federal Diet.
Mercurius Politicus
Mercurius Politicus was a newsbook that was published weekly from June 1650 until the English Restoration in May 1660. Under the editorship of Marchamont Nedham, it supported the republican governments. From 1655 until 1659 it had a monopoly on news publication.

Newsbook
Newsbooks were 17th century precursors to today's newspapers.
Originating in England and Scotland, they are distinct from the earlier news periodicals, known as corantos, which were sourced from continental Europe.
1974 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1974 Tour de France was the 61st edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Brest with a prologue individual time trial on 27 June and Stage 12 occurred on 10 July with a mountainous stage from Savines-le-Lac. The race finished in Paris on 21 July.

Saint-Lary-Soulan
Saint-Lary-Soulan (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ laʁi sulɑ̃]; Occitan: Sent Lari e Sola, [sen ˈlari e ˈsulo̞]) is a commune of Southwestern France, located in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, Occitania.
The Long Dark Hall
The Long Dark Hall is a 1951 British crime film directed by Reginald Beck and Anthony Bushell and starring Rex Harrison, Lilli Palmer and Raymond Huntley. It was written by Nunnally Johnson based on the 1947 novel A Case to Answer by Edgar Lustgarten. It was made at Walton Studios.

Raymond Huntley
Horace Raymond Huntley (23 April 1904 – 15 June 1990) was an English actor who appeared in dozens of British films from the 1930s to the 1970s. He also appeared in the ITV period drama Upstairs, Downstairs as the pragmatic family solicitor Sir Geoffrey Dillon.
The Winged Tiger
The Winged Tiger is a 1970 Hong Kong wuxia film produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, starring actor Chan Hung-lit, who was well known for playing villain roles, in his first lead role as a protagonist. The film also co-stars Angela Yu Chien, Tien Feng and David Chiang. Lau Kar-leung served as action director for the film.

Lau Kar-leung
Lau Kar-leung (traditional Chinese: 劉家良; simplified Chinese: 刘家良; Jyutping: Lau4 gaa1-loeng4; pinyin: Liú Jiāliáng; 28 July 1934 – 25 June 2013) was a Hong Kong martial artist, filmmaker, fight choreographer and actor. He is best known for the films he made in the 1970s and 1980s for the Shaw Brothers Studio, notably those starring Gordon Liu. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of martial arts cinema.

In many of his best-known films, Lau was credited as Liu Chia-liang, the Mandarin spelling of his name. He was part of a lineage of Hung Ga practitioners originating from Wong Fei-hung.
Nordgermersleben
Nordgermersleben is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Hohe Börde. The municipality encompassed the villages of Tundersleben and Brumby, both located on the Bundesstraße 1 highway running from Braunschweig to Magdeburg.

Börde (district)
Börde (German: Landkreis Börde) is a district in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Its seat is the town Haldensleben. It takes its name from the natural region Magdeburg Börde. It is the site of the Morsleben radioactive waste repository. The disposal of waste into the facility ended in 1998.
Women's East Zone cricket team
The Women's East Zone cricket team is a women's first-class cricket team that represents East of Bangladesh – the Chittagong Division and Sylhet Division – in the Women's Bangladesh Cricket League (WBCL). It is a composite team of two Bangladeshi first-class women's teams from east Bangladesh: Chittagong Division cricket team and Sylhet Division cricket team.

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ), officially Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative Divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the southeasternmost areas of the country, with a total area of 34,529.97 km2 (13,332.10 sq mi) and a population according to the 2022 census of 33,202,326, which made it the second most populous division of Bangladesh and the 45th most populous subnational entity in the world — more populous than all but 43 other countries.
Chittagong Division is home to Cox's Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world; as well as St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh's sole coral reef.
Yuxarı Seyidəhmədli
39°34′40″N 47°15′39″E﻿ / ﻿39.57778°N 47.26083°E﻿ / 39.57778; 47.26083

Yuxarı Seyidəhmədli (Yukhary Seyidahmadli) is a village in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan. It was under the occupation of Armenian forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh since the First Nagorno-Karabakh war until its recapture by the Azerbaijan Army on or around November 7, 2020.

Azerbaijani Land Forces
The Azerbaijani Land Forces (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri Quru Qoşunları) are the land force component of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to create professional, well trained, and mobile armed forces. Based on 2013 statistics, the country has about 85,000 ground force troops, with additional paramilitary forces of 15,000. In addition, there are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years.

Reportedly, in wartime, the Army proper could call upon the support of the National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service. The exact wartime command structure remains unclear.
2017 Wisconsin elections
The 2017 Wisconsin Spring Election was held in the U.S. state of Wisconsin on April 4, 2017.  The top of the ballot was the election for state Superintendent of Public Instruction.  There was also an uncontested election for Wisconsin Supreme Court, three uncontested elections for Wisconsin Court of Appeals, and several other nonpartisan local and judicial elections.  There were also a number of local referendums for school funding.  The 2017 Wisconsin Spring Primary was held February 21, 2017.

In the election for Superintendent of Public Instruction, incumbent Tony Evers won a third term.  He would not complete the term, however, as he was elected Governor of Wisconsin the following year.

Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin
The superintendent of public instruction, sometimes referred to as the state superintendent of schools, is a constitutional officer within the executive branch of the Wisconsin state government and head of the Department of Public Instruction. Twenty-eight individuals have held the office since statehood. The incumbent is Jill Underly.
Attila Ambrus
Attila Ambrus (born October 6, 1967), alias The Whiskey Robber, is a Hungarian former bank robber and professional ice hockey player. He became notorious during the 1990s for committing a string of undercover "gentleman robberies" in and around Budapest, Hungary, while working a day job as a goaltender. He became infamous in Hungary as a folk hero symbolic of the times in the decade after the introduction of capitalism to the former Communist state. Ambrus was eventually caught and imprisoned for about 12 years, released in 2012. His story was told in the 2004 book Ballad of the Whiskey Robber by author Julian Rubinstein and the 2017 film A Viszkis directed by Nimród Antal.

Miercurea Ciuc
Miercurea Ciuc (Romanian: [ˈmjerkure̯a ˈtʃjuk] ⓘ; Hungarian: Csíkszereda [ˈt͡ʃiːksɛrɛdɒ] ⓘ; German: Szeklerburg) is the county seat of Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, a mainly Hungarian-speaking ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is situated in the Olt River valley.

The city administers three villages: Ciba (Csiba), Harghita-Băi (Hargita-fürdő), and Jigodin-Băi (Zsögöd-fürdő), including Jigodin (Csíkzsögöd).
Dingobats
Dingobats (established in 1995) is a Norwegian Jazz band, composed of students from Jazz program at Trondheim Musikkonsevatorium. The band leader, saxophonist, composer and music arranger Eirik Hegdal, is also known for his cooperation with Trondheim Jazz Orchestra performing with Pat Metheny and Chick Corea.

Jazz band
A jazz band (jazz ensemble or jazz combo) is a musical ensemble that plays jazz music. Jazz bands vary in the quantity of its members and the style of jazz that they play but it is common to find a jazz band made up of a rhythm section and a horn section.

The size of a jazz band is closely related to the style of jazz they play as well as the type of venues in which they play. Smaller jazz bands, also known as combos, are common in night clubs and other small venues and will be made up of three to seven musicians; whereas big bands are found in dance halls and other larger venues.

Jazz bands can vary in size from a big band, to a smaller trio or quartet. Some bands use vocalists, while others are purely instrumental groups.

Jazz bands and their composition have changed many times throughout the years, just as the music itself changes with personal interpretation and improvisation of its performers.
Goorpooka, New South Wales
Goorpooka, New South Wales in Central Darling Shire is a remote rural locality and civil parish of Yungnulgra County in far North West New South Wales.

The parish has an arid landscape and the nearest town is Whitecliffs. The parish has extremely hot summers and mild winters. Summers would usually exceed 36 °C. Winters are usually around 17 °C. The annual average rainfall is about 249.7 millimetres (9.8 in) which would make it a semi-arid climate except that its high evapotranspiration, or its aridity, makes it a desert climate. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert),. is almost unpopulated, with less than two inhabitants per square kilometer.

Central Darling Shire
Central Darling Shire is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Barrier Highway.  Central Darling Shire was constituted in 1959 and at 53,511 square kilometres (20,661 sq mi), it is the largest incorporated local government area in New South Wales.

The Central Darling Shire Council left over a decade under administration in December of 2025 under the new Regional and Remote Council structure with a half elected and half appointed council. The Chairperson of the council, an appointed office equivalent to a mayor, is the former administrator Bob Stewart.
University of Oxford v Humphreys
University of Oxford v Humphreys is a UK employment law case concerning transfers of undertakings, and the job security rights of employees. It is authority for the proposition that, if an employee objects to a proposed change, he or she can be in a good position to claim constructive dismissal.

Transfers of Undertakings Directive 2001
The Transfers of Undertakings Directive 2001/23/EC is a European Union law that protects the contracts of employment of people working in businesses that are transferred between owners. It replaced and updated the law previously known as the Acquired Rights Directive 77/187/EC.
Dakshinamurti Upanishad
The Dakshinamurti Upanishad (Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति उपनिषत्, IAST: Dakṣiṇāmūrti Upaniṣad) is an ancient Sanskrit text and is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is attached to the Krishna Yajurveda, and classified as one of the 14 Shaiva Upanishads.

The text is notable for asserting that Dakshinamurti is an aspect of Shiva, an aid to the liberating knowledge that Shiva is within oneself as Atman (self, soul), and everything one does in daily life is an offering to this Shiva.

Dakshinamurti
Dakshinamurti (Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति, romanized: Dakṣiṇāmūrti) is an aspect of the Hindu god Shiva as a guru (teacher). He is regarded to be the personification of the supreme or the ultimate awareness, understanding, and knowledge. Dakshinamurti represents Shiva as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom, offering an exposition of the Shastras. He is worshipped as the god of wisdom and meditation.