hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frost damage (construction)
Frost damage is caused by moisture freezing in the construction. Frost damage can occur as cracks, stone splinters and swelling of the material.

When water freezes, the volume of water increases by 9 %. When the volumetric moisture content exceeds 91 %, then the volume increase of water in the pores of the material caused by freezing cannot be absorbed by sufficient empty pores. This causes an increase in the internal pressure. If this pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the material, then micro-cracks occur. Visible frost damage develops after an accumulation of micro-cracks as a result of several freeze-thaw cycles.

Frost damage can be prevented by the use of frost-proof materials, i.e., a material which has sufficient closed pores, by which the volume increase caused by the freezing of water in capillary pores can be absorbed by the ice-free closed pores.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
High Sheriff of Gwynedd
The office of High Sheriff of Gwynedd was established in 1974 as part of the creation of the county of Gwynedd in Wales following the Local Government Act 1972, and effectively replaced the shrievalties of the amalgamated counties of Anglesey, Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire.

The office of High Sheriff of Gwynedd forms part of The High Sheriffs' Association of England and Wales.

Dolgellau
Dolgellau (/dɒlˈɡɛhlaɪ/; Welsh: [dɔlˈɡɛɬaɨ] ⓘ) is a town and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, lying on the River Wnion, a tributary of the River Mawddach. It was the traditional county town of the historic county of Merionethshire until the county of Gwynedd was created in 1974. Dolgellau is the main base for climbers of Cadair Idris and Mynydd Moel which are visible from the town. Dolgellau is the second largest settlement in southern Gwynedd after Tywyn and includes the community of Penmaenpool. in 2021 the population dropped to 2,602.
Boss Majhi Ladachi
Boss Majhi Ladachi (transl. My Beloved Boss) is an Indian Marathi-language drama series which aired on Sony Marathi. It starred Aayush Sanjeev and Bhagyashree Limaye in lead roles. It is produced by Manava Naik under the banner of Strawberry Pictures. It premiered from 28 February 2022 by replacing Tumchya Aamchyatali Kusum and ended on 24 September 2022.

Manava Naik
Manava Naik  is an Indian actress, emcee and director from Mumbai. She has acted in several Marathi films, plays and Hindi Television shows. She started her career with the STAR One TV show Special Squad. She has appeared in shows like, Teen Bahuraniyaan, Baa Bahoo Aur Baby., She works in Marathi and Hindi films as an actress, she has turned  director by directing the Marathi movie Por Baazar.
1994 Australian Super Production Car Series
The 1994 Australian Super Production Car Series was an Australian motor racing competition for production cars. It was the first and only series to be contested under the Australian Super Production Car Series name prior to the adoption of "Australian GT Production Car Series" for 1995 and subsequently "Australian GT Production Car Championship" for 1996.

The 1994 series differed from the 1994 Australian Production Car Championship in that it was open to cars more closely aligned with the James Hardie 12 Hour rather than restricted to the under 2.5 litre front wheel drive cars which were eligible for the Production Car Championship. It was won by Brad Jones driving a Lotus Esprit.

Bathurst 12 Hour
The Bathurst 12 Hour, currently known as the Meguiar's Bathurst 12 Hour for sponsorship reasons, is an annual endurance race for GT and production cars held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, in Bathurst, Australia. The race was first held in 1991 for Series Production cars and moved to Sydney's Eastern Creek Raceway in 1995 before being discontinued. The race was revived in 2007, again for production cars, before adding a new class for GT3 and other GT cars in 2011. This has led to unprecedented domestic and international exposure for the event. In all, twenty one races have taken place; twenty at Mount Panorama and one at Eastern Creek Raceway (Sydney Motorsport Park).
History of the Theory of Numbers
History of the Theory of Numbers is a three-volume work by Leonard Eugene Dickson  summarizing work in number theory up to about 1920. The style is unusual in that Dickson mostly just lists results by various authors, with little further discussion. The central topic of quadratic reciprocity and higher reciprocity laws is barely mentioned; this was apparently going to be the topic of a fourth volume that was never written (Fenster 1999).

D. H. Lehmer
Derrick Henry "Dick" Lehmer (February 23, 1905 – May 22, 1991), almost always cited as D.H. Lehmer, was an American mathematician significant to the development of computational number theory. Lehmer refined Édouard Lucas' work in the 1930s and devised the Lucas–Lehmer test for Mersenne primes. His peripatetic career as a number theorist, with him and his wife taking numerous types of work in the United States and abroad to support themselves during the Great Depression, fortuitously brought him into the center of research into early electronic computing.
× Phragmipaphium
× Phragmipaphium is an intergeneric hybrid of plants in the family Orchidaceae, between the genera Phragmipedium and Paphiopedilum. This hybrid is abbreviated Phrphm by orchid growers and hobbyists. A number of plants have been presented as successful hybrids.

Phragmipedium
Phragmipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae) and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek phragma, which means "division", and pedium, which means "slipper" (referring to the pouch). It is abbreviated 'Phrag' in trade journals.

About 20 species of these lady's slipper orchids are known from SW Mexico, Central and tropical South America.

All Phragmipedium species are listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that commercial international trade in wild-sourced specimens is prohibited, while non-commercial trade is regulated.
Michael Hurley (Gaelic footballer)
Michael Hurley (born 22 March 1996) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Premier Senior Championship club Castlehaven and at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team. He usually lines out as a corner forward.

Castlehaven
Castlehaven (Irish: Gleann Bearcháin) is a civil parish in County Cork, Ireland. It is located in West Cork, approximately 45 miles south-west of Cork City on the coast. The civil parish includes the town of Castletownshend and the hamlets of Rineen and Tragumna. The area's Gaelic football club, Castlehaven GAA, has claimed several Munster Senior Club Football Championship titles.
Richard Abbott (politician)
Richard Hartley Smith Abbott (1859 – 28 February 1940) was an Australian politician.

Born in Bendigo, Victoria, he was educated at Bendigo High School and then at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. He became a businessman, especially in tanning, building societies and gas companies. He served on Strathfieldsaye Council, and in 1907 was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly, serving until 1913. Having served as Mayor of Bendigo City Council in 1917, he returned to the Council 1922-1928 for the Country Party.

On 18 October 1928, he was appointed to the Australian Senate to fill the remainder of federal Country Party Senator David Andrew's term (Andrew had chosen not to contest the 1928 election, but had died before his term expired). Thus Abbott served until the expiry of Andrew's term on 30 June 1929. He became a businessman, and died in 1940.

Victorian National Party
The Victorian National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – Victoria, is an Australian political party that serves as the state branch of the federal National Party in Victoria. It represents graziers, farmers, miners and rural voters.

It began as a political activity of the Victorian Farmer's Union, which became involved in state politics in 1916. It was then known as the Country Party for many years, until becoming "The Nationals" in 1975.

In state parliament it is presently the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the Liberal Party, forming a joint Opposition bench. The party's leader Danny O'Brien serves as deputy opposition leader, while in government the party's leader serves as Deputy Premier of Victoria.
Hobart Lytal
Hobart Wade Lytal (October 30, 1909 – August 20, 1990) was an American football player and coach.
He served as the head football coach at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas from 1967 to 1969, compiling a record of 4–24.
The high school football stadium in Quinlan, Texas is named in his honor.

Stephenville, Texas
Stephenville is a city in and the county seat of Erath County, Texas, United States. It sits on the North Bosque River, which rises nearby. Founded in 1854, it is home to Tarleton State University. Stephenville's population was 20,847 as of the 2020 census, and it is the principal city in the Stephenville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Stephenville is among several communities that call themselves the "Cowboy Capital of the World".
Sylvain Guillaume
Sylvain Guillaume (born 6 July 1968 in Champagnole, Jura) is a former French nordic combined skier who competed during the 1990s. At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville he won a silver in the 15 km individual, then a bronze in the 4 x 5 km team competition at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. He also won a bronze medal in the 15 km individual at the 1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Listen Against
Listen Against is a BBC Radio 4 series. Its title is a play on the name of the BBC's Listen Again service. Presented by Jon Holmes and Alice Arnold, it takes a surreal look at the week's radio.

Created by Jon Holmes, it is co-written by Bill Dare, Joel Morris and Jason Hazeley, Carl Carter and Tony Cooke, Gareth Gwynn, Matt Charlton, and Adam Buxton.

Jason Hazeley
Jason Hazeley is a British comedy writer. With long-time writing partner Joel Morris, Hazeley has written many books,  and for many British comedy series, and films. Their work includes a collection of parody Ladybird books, and they have written scripts for many British comedy series and films, including That Mitchell and Webb Look, Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe and the Paddington films.
Joan Larkin
Joan Larkin (born April 16, 1939, in Boston) is an American poet, playwright, and writing teacher. She was active in the small press lesbian feminist publishing explosion of the 1970s, co-founding the independent publishing company Out & Out Books. The science fiction writer Donald Moffitt was her brother.

Donald Moffitt
Donald Moffitt (July 20, 1931 – December 10, 2014) was an American author who wrote a number of science fiction novels. Most famous among these are The Genesis Quest and Second Genesis. While he was the author of many titles under his own name he also used the pseudonyms Paul Kenyon, Victor Sondheim, and Paul King. In the 1950s, Moffitt published approximately 100 short stories under 15 or more pen names (Wilson MacDonald, James D’Indy, and an assortment of others), in magazines like Man's Action, Wildcat, Gent, and Monsieur, while editing trade magazines by day.  Known for his science fiction, Moffitt later turned his attention to historical mysteries.
Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Individual freestyle test grade IV
The Equestrian Individual Freestyle Test Grade IV event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in the Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre on 10 September.

The competition was assessed by a ground jury composed of five judges placed at locations designated E, H, C, M, and B. Each judge rated the competitors' performances with scores out of 10 for technical difficulty and artistic merit. The ten scores from the jury were then summed to determine a rider's total percentage score.

The event was won by Philippa Johnson, representing  South Africa.

Hong Kong Sports Institute
The Hong Kong Sports Institute (Chinese: 香港體育學院) is a sports institute located in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is mandated to provide training to athletes, and also offers academic qualification in the field of sports training. The institute sponsors elite athletes and trains them as full-time employees, based on their talent and potential. The campus is located on reclaimed land on the bank of the Shing Mun River, next to the Sha Tin Racecourse.
Bellinter House
Bellinter House is a large classic country house of Georgian heritage which, in the early 21st century, was renovated and opened as a hotel and spa. It is in 12 acres of parkland beside the River Boyne in County Meath, Ireland, approximately 10 km (6 miles) from Navan.

Bellinter House takes its name from the townland of Ballinter (Irish: Baile an tSaoir).

River Boyne
The River Boyne (Irish: An Bhóinn or Abhainn na Bóinne) is a river which flows through Leinster, Ireland. The course of the river is about 112 kilometres (70 mi) long. It rises at  Eidenderry, near Offaly and flows north-east through County Offaly, County Kildare, and County Meath to reach the Irish Sea between Mornington, County Meath, and Baltray, County Louth.
Bukidnon's 1st congressional district
Bukidnon's 1st congressional district is one of the four congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Bukidnon. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the entire northern frontier of Bukidnon bordering Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental. It consists of the municipalities of Baungon, Libona, Malitbog, Manolo Fortich, Sumilao and Talakag. Prior to redistricting in 2012, the district stretched further south to include the municipalities of Kalilangan and Pangantucan. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Jose Manuel F. Alba of the Bukidnon Paglaum Party (BPP) and Lakas–CMD.

Pangantucan
Pangantucan, officially the Municipality of Pangantucan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Pangantucan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pangantucan), is a municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 56,580 people.
Fanderia station
Fanderia is a railway station in Errenteria, Basque Country, Spain. It is owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea and operated by Euskotren. It lies on the San Sebastián-Hendaye railway, popularly known as the Topo line.

Euskotren
Euskotren, formally known as Basque Railways (Basque: Eusko Trenbideak, Spanish: Ferrocarriles Vascos), is a public railway company controlled by the Basque Government and officially established in 1982 to operate several 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) narrow gauge railways inside the autonomous community of the Basque Country, under the terms of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. Originally operating under the commercial brand ET/FV, it took control of the management and operations of the narrow gauge lines formerly operated by the railway company FEVE. The commercial brand eventually changed to Euskotren, as it remains today. Since 2006, the infrastructure on which the company runs its trains has been owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea.
County of Russell
The County of Russell is one of the 49 cadastral counties in South Australia. It was proclaimed in 1842 by Governor George Grey and named for Lord John Russell, who was involved in the early development of the (British) South Australian colony (at the time of the county's proclamation) when he was Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. It covers a portion of the state bounded to the west by the eastern half of  Lake Alexandrina and the section of the Murray River extending to  Bowhill in the north and bounded to the south by the coastline adjoining the Coorong coastal lagoon and fully surrounds Lake Albert which is excluded from its extent. This includes the north western quarter of the contemporary local government area of Coorong District Council.

Coorong National Park
Coorong National Park is a protected area located in South Australia about 156 kilometres (97 mi) south-east of Adelaide, that predominantly covers a coastal lagoon ecosystem officially known as The Coorong and the Younghusband Peninsula on the Coorong's southern side. The western end of the Coorong lagoon is at the Murray Mouth near Hindmarsh Island and the Sir Richard Peninsula, and it extends about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-eastwards. Road access is from Meningie. The beach on the coastal side of the peninsula, the longest in Australia, is also commonly called The Coorong.

The Coorong lies within the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, an Aboriginal Australian group. Notable locations within the park include Salt Creek, Policeman's Point, Jack Point, and Woods Well.
Hagen Peak
Hagen Peak is a 2,635-metre (8,645 ft) double summit mountain located on the western boundary of Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. The mountain is situated 36 km (22 mi) northeast of Golden in the Blaeberry Valley, and less than 13 km (8.1 mi) from the Continental Divide. The mountain was named after Canadian Army Private Alfred G. Hagen of Field, BC, who was serving with the 10th Canadian Infantry Brigade when he was killed in 1944 World War II action, during the liberation of Calais, France. The mountain's name was officially adopted July 5, 1961, when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Yoho National Park
Yoho National Park (/ˈjoʊhoʊ/ YOH-hoh) is a national park of Canada. It is located within the Rocky Mountains along the western slope of the Continental Divide of the Americas in southeastern British Columbia, bordered by Kootenay National Park to the south and Banff National Park to the east in Alberta. The park features a spectacular landscape of massive ice fields and mountain peaks, which rank among the highest in the Canadian Rockies.

Yoho covers an area of 1,313 square kilometres (507 sq mi), the smallest of the region's four contiguous national parks, which also include Jasper, Kootenay, and Banff National Parks, as well as three British Columbia provincial parks—Hamber Provincial Park, Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, and Mount Robson Provincial Park. Together, these parks form the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. Yoho's administrative and visitor centre is in Field, British Columbia, beside the Trans-Canada Highway.
Sweyn
Sweyn is a Scandinavian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:

Kings:

Sweyn Forkbeard (960–1014), King of Denmark, England, and Norway as Sweyn I

Sweyn or Svein Knutsson (c. 1016–1035), King of Norway as Sweyn II

Sweyn II of Denmark (1019–1076), King of Denmark

Blot-Sweyn or Sweyn the Sacrificer (died 1087), pagan King of Sweden

Sweyn III of Denmark (1125–1157), King of Denmark

Others:

Sweyn Haakonsson (died c. 1016), an earl and co-ruler of Norway from 1000 to c. 1015

Sweyn Godwinson (c. 1020–1052), Earl of Herefordshire, brother of Harold Godwinson, last Anglo-Saxon king of England

Sweyn the Crusader (c. 1050-1097), Danish participant in the First Crusade, son of Sweyn II of Denmark

Sweyn Asleifsson (c. 1115–1171), a Viking who appears in the Orkneyinga Saga

Sweyn II of Denmark
Sweyn II (c. 1019 – 28 April 1076), also known as Sweyn Estridsson (Old Norse: Sveinn Ástríðarson, Danish: Svend Estridsen) and Sweyn Ulfsson, was King of Denmark from 1047 until his death in 1076. He was the son of Ulf Thorgilsson and Estrid Svendsdatter, and the grandson of Sweyn Forkbeard through his mother's line. He was married at least twice, and fathered 20 children or more out of wedlock, including the five future kings Harald Hen, Saint Canute, Oluf Hunger, Eric Evergood, and Niels.

He was courageous in battle, but did not have much success as a military commander. His skeleton reveals that he was a tall, powerfully built man who walked with a limp.
Gauri Pradhan
Gauri Pradhan Tejwani is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in Hindi television. Pradhan is best recognised for her portrayal of Gauri Agarwal Mittal in Kutumb, Nandini Thakkar Virani in Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Dr. Deepika Ghosh in Special Squad, Captain Shona Das in Left Right Left and Anita Sharma in Tu Aashiqui.

Sony Entertainment Television
Sony Entertainment Television (abbreviated as SET) is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel that was launched in 1995 and is owned by Sony Pictures Networks, a division of Sony Pictures.
Mullarkey
Mullarkey is a surname, the Anglicised form of the Gaelic Ó Maoilearca, meaning 'descendant of the devotee of Saint Earc'. Notable people with the surname include:

Des Mullarkey (1899–1975), Australian cricketer

John Mullarkey, professor in film and television

Kelvin Mullarkey (1951–2018), British speedway rider

Mary Mullarkey (1943-2021), American judge

Melanius Mullarkey, Saint Lucian footballer

Neil Mullarkey (born 1961), English actor, writer and comedian

Rory Mullarkey (born 1987), Canadian playwright and librettist

Sam Mullarkey (born 1987), English former professional footballer

John Mullarkey
John Mullarkey is the Professor in Film and Television at Kingston University, London, and a member of The London Graduate School.

Mullarkey's work explores variations of "non-standard-philosophy", arguing that philosophy is a subject that continually shifts its identity through engaging with (supposedly) "non-philosophical" fields such as film. Mullarkey's work notably engages with that of François Laruelle and Henri Bergson.

He is an editor of the journal Film-Philosophy, and chair of the Society for European Philosophy.
Two Altos
Two Altos is an album by American alto saxophonists Art Pepper and Sonny Red. The four standards which appear on the album were recorded in Los Angeles with West Coast-jazz musicians between 1952 and 1954, whilst the two originals were recorded at Van Gelder Studio, in 1957. Regent Records, a subsidiary of Savoy,  released these recordings in 1959.

Savoy Records
Savoy Records is an American record company and label established by Herman Lubinsky in 1942 in Newark, New Jersey. Savoy specialized in jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel music.

In September 2017, Savoy was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music.
Sto zvířat
Sto zvířat is a Czech club band which plays ska and reggae music. The band was formed in 1990 in Prague on the base of rock 'n' roll band Matěj Čech. The band has performed at many festivals including, for example, Zámostí, Rock for People, Sázavafest, United Islands of Prague, Mezi ploty, and Colours of Ostrava.

Colours of Ostrava
Colours of Ostrava, or simply Colours, a multi-genre event, is the biggest international music festival in Czechia and one of the largest in Central Europe, held every summer since 2002 in Ostrava, the third largest city in the country. Colours features 16 stages, including 4 big open-air stages (the main one with a capacity of 15,000), 6 indoor stages, a theatre stage, a workshop stage, a kids' stage, a cinema, and live discussions. It features performers from all major popular music genres as well as avant-garde music and world music.