hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tremella armeniaca
Tremella armeniaca is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces orange to apricot, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi (probably Xylaria species) on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Costa Rica.

Tremellaceae
The Tremellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family is cosmopolitan and contains both teleomorphic and anamorphic species, most of the latter being yeasts. All teleomorphs in the Tremellaceae are parasites of other fungi, though the yeast states are widespread and not restricted to hosts. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous.

The family currently comprises the single genus Tremella, containing around 40 species. The name previously covered a much wider range of genera within the Tremellales, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, now places these genera in separate families.
Harry Bates (rally driver)
Harry Richard Bates (born 8 March 1995, Canberra, Australia) is a professional rally driver. He drives for the Toyota Gazoo Racing Australia team. He is a four-time Australian Rally Championship series winner, in 2019, 2021, 2023, and 2024.

Bates' father Neal was also an ARC-winning driver in the 1990s and 2000s, and his brother Lewis won the title in 2022. All three work for the family-run rally team; Harry Bates has a role in commercial operations when not driving.

For most of his rally career, Bates' co-driver was John McCarthy. In 2023 and 2024, his co-driver was Coral Taylor, who also co-drove for Neal for their Australian Rally Championship wins.

Australian Rally Championship
The Australian Rally Championship, also commonly known as the ARC, is Australia's premier gravel rally competition. A multi-event national championship has been held each year since 1968, excepting 2020.
Danish Data Protection Agency
The Danish Data Protection Agency (Danish: Datatilsynet) was created, following the implementation of EU Directive 95/46/EC, regarding the protection of individuals with regard to the process of personal information and the movement of such.

The agency exercises surveillance over the processing of data in accordance with relevant laws and acts (such as the GDPR). The agency handles specific cases on the basis of inquiries from public authorities or private individuals or cases taken up by the agency on its own initiative.

In 2021, it fined the gay application Grindr NOK 65 million ($7.2 million) for unlawfully sharing user data with third parties. In 2022, Datatilsynet launched a procedure against Meta to stop transatlantic data sharing practices through Facebook and Instagram. In 2024, it launched a regulatory sandbox for AI for GDPR compliance.

Grindr
Grindr (/ˈɡraɪndər/ ⓘ) is a location-based social networking and online hookup application for LGBTQ people.

It was one of the first geosocial apps for gay men when it launched in March 2009, and has since become the largest and most popular gay mobile app in the world. It is available on iOS and Android devices in both free and premium versions (the latter called Grindr XTRA and Grindr Unlimited). As of September 2023, Grindr has approximately 13.5 million monthly active users.

The app allows users to create a personal profile and use their GPS position to place them on a cascade, where they can browse other profiles sorted by distance and be viewed by nearby and faraway users depending on one's filter settings. Selecting a profile photo in the grid view will display that user's full profile and photos, as well as the option to chat, send a "tap," send pictures, video call, and share one's precise location.
Life Goes On (Paul Williams album)
Life Goes On is a studio album by Paul Williams, released in 1972. Songs from the album include "I Won't Last a Day Without You" and "Out in the Country". Jackson Browne and Linda Ronstadt sang background vocals on the title track. Jimmy Webb arranged the strings on "Rose."

"Where Do I Go from Here" was selected as the ending title for Thunderbolt and Lightfoot.

Mentor Williams
Mentor Ralph Williams (June 11, 1946 – November 16, 2016) was an American songwriter and producer.  He is best known for writing "Drift Away", a popular song first performed by Mike Berry in 1972 and popularized by Dobie Gray the following year, and has since been covered by multiple artists.  He also co-wrote the chart-topping song "When We Make Love", recorded by the American country music band Alabama in 1984. He was the brother of songwriter and actor Paul Williams.
Metamfepramone
Metamfepramone (INN; also known as dimepropion (BAN), dimethylcathinone, and dimethylpropion) is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, and cathinone chemical classes. Dimethylcathinone was evaluated as an appetite suppressant and for the treatment of hypotension, but was never widely marketed.

It was used as a recreational drug in Israel under the name rakefet, but was made illegal in 2006.

Metamfepramone is metabolized to produce N-methylpseudoephedrine and methcathinone. It has also been found to be about 1.6 times less potent than methcathinone, making it roughly equipotent to cathinone itself.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Sara Craig
Sara Craig is a Canadian singer-songwriter.

Craig launched her career in 1987 by placing a classified ad in Toronto's NOW looking for musicians to work with. She released her debut EP in 1991, and quickly became popular in Canadian alternative and indie circles. She followed up with her major label debut, Sweet Exhaust, on Attic Records in 1994. Her follow-up, Miss Rocket, also on Attic Records, came in 1997. The album was produced by Chris Tsangarides at the Metropolis Studios in London, UK

She was nominated for Best New Solo Artist at the 1995 Juno Awards.

Now (newspaper)
Now (styled as NOW), also known as NOW Magazine is an online publication based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Through most of its existence, Now was a free alternative weekly newspaper. Physical publication of Now was suspended in August 2022, amid the bankruptcy of its former owner Media Central Corporation, although some new content was still published to its website. In January 2023, it was announced that the publication will be acquired by journalist Brandon Gonez.
Runaljod – Gap Var Ginnunga
Runaljod – Gap var ginnunga (Sound of Runes – The gap was vast) is the first album by Norwegian Nordic folk group Wardruna. It was released 19 January 2009 by Indie Recordings/Fimbulljóð Productions.

The album is the first chapter of the Runaljod trilogy (continued on the next two Wardruna albums), inspired by the 24 ancient runes of the Elder Futhark.

The lyrics were composed by Kvitrafn in Norwegian, Old Norse and Proto-Norse. Nordic traditional instruments such as percussion and strings were used in the recording of the album.

Elder Futhark
The Elder Futhark (or Fuþark, /ˈfuːθɑːrk/ FOO-thark), also known as the Older Futhark, Old Futhark, or Germanic Futhark, is the oldest form of the runic alphabets. It was a writing system used by Germanic peoples  in the Migration Period. Inscriptions are found on artifacts including jewelry, amulets, plateware, tools, and weapons, as well as runestones, from the 2nd to the 8th centuries.

In Scandinavia, beginning in the late 8th century, the script was simplified to the Younger Futhark, while the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians instead extended it, giving rise to the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. Both the Anglo-Saxon futhorc and the Younger Futhark remained in use during the Early and the High Middle Ages respectively, but knowledge of how to read the Elder Futhark was forgotten until 1865, when it was deciphered by Norwegian scholar Sophus Bugge.
Sound (medical instrument)
In medicine, a sound (/saʊnd/), also called a sonde (/sɒnd/), is an instrument for probing and dilating passages within the body, the best-known examples of which are urethral sounds and uterine sounds.

Surgical instrument
A surgical instrument is a medical device used during surgery to perform specific actions, such as cutting, modifying tissue, or providing access for viewing. Over time, a broad spectrum of tools has been developed—some for general surgical use, others tailored to specialized procedures.

Classification systems help surgeons understand an instrument's function and appropriate usage. Innovation continues to drive the development of more precise, safer, and more effective instruments for modern surgery.
George Pardee
George Cooper Pardee (July 25, 1857 – September 1, 1941) was an American doctor of medicine and Republican politician. As the 21st governor of California, holding office from January 7, 1903, to January 9, 1907, Pardee was the second native-born Californian to assume the governorship, after Romualdo Pacheco, and the first governor born in California after statehood.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Marion Dougherty
Marion Caroline Dougherty (February 9, 1923 – December 4, 2011) was an American casting director. She is known for casting films such as The World of Henry Orient, Midnight Cowboy, Me, Natalie, Panic in Needle Park, Grease, Urban Cowboy, The World According to Garp, and Batman.

Marion Dougherty is also the primary subject of Casting By, a 2012 documentary, combining over 230 interviews, extensive archival footage, animated stills and documents to tell her untold tale. Dedicated to her memory, Dougherty died before the film's release.

Urban Cowboy
Urban Cowboy is a 1980 American romantic Western film directed by James Bridges. The plot concerns the love-hate relationship between Buford "Bud" Davis (John Travolta) and Sissy (Debra Winger). The film's success was credited for spurring a mainstream revival of country music. Much of the action revolves around activities at Gilley's Club, a football-field-sized honky tonk in Pasadena, Texas.
Rostam Khan (sepahsalar under Suleiman I)
Rostam Khan (fl. second half of the 17th century) was a Safavid military commander, gholam, and official from the Georgian Saakadze family. He served as commander-in-chief (sepahsalar-e Iran), commander of the musketeer corps (tofangchi-aghasi), chancellor/chief justice (divanbegi), and governor (beglarbeg) of the Azerbaijan Province under king (shah) Suleiman I (r. 1666-1694).

Rostam Khan was a son of Safiqoli Khan, and a namesake to his prominent grandfather, who also held the position of commander-in-chief and beglarbeg of Azerbaijan.

According to Italian traveller Gemelli Careri, when Rostam Khan's nephew Bijan Beg fell out of favor during Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh's vizierate, he was saved through Rostam Khan's intervention.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Gustav Neuring
Gustav Neuring (14 September 1879 – 12 April 1919) was a German politician. He died in a lynching.

Neuring was a member of Social Democratic Party of Germany. Following the German Revolution he served as the war minister (Kriegsminister) of the Free State of Saxony (Der Freistaat Sachsen). On 12 April 1919, during the German Revolution in Saxony, a mob of war veterans, upset by rumours that their war pensions will be cut, threw him into river Elbe in Dresden. When he tried to get up on the riverbank, Neuring was shot.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Tilivalline
Tilivalline is a nonribosomal enterotoxin and was the first naturally occurring pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) to be associated with disease in the human intestine. Previous work has shown that PBD tilivalline produced by Klebsiella oxytoca was linked to the pathogenesis of colitis in animal model of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). Since the enteric bacterium K. oxytoca is part of the intestinal microbiota and tilivalline causes the pathogenesis of colitis, it is important to understand the biosynthesis and regulation of tilivalline activity.

Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.
Bridging Finance Inc.
Bridging Finance Inc. was a Canadian private lender based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that was placed in receivership by the Ontario Court of Justice following an investigation by the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). Investors in the firm's funds are expected to lose approximately 58-66% of their capital. That is one of the "largest collapses of an investment fund in Canadian history." In 2023, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) alleged that former CEO David Sharpe, former Chief Investment Officer Natasha Sharpe and former Chief Compliance Officer, Andrew Mushore "committed fraud, misappropriated funds, made misleading and untrue statements and misled investigators." On October 29th 2024, the Ontario Securities Commission Tribunal ruled that Bridging Finance executives David and Natasha Sharpe committed fraud, and that Andrew Mushore "indirectly participated" in the fraudulent activities.

Chief compliance officer
The chief compliance officer (CCO) is a corporate executive within the C-suite responsible for overseeing and managing regulatory compliance issues within an organization. The CCO typically reports to the chief executive officer or the chief legal officer.
Gourané
Gourané is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Gbonné, Biankouma Department, Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.

Gourané was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Gbonné
Gbonné is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Biankouma Department in Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Gbonné was 35,957.
Weißenstein Castle (Lower Bavaria)
Weißenstein Castle (German: Burgruine Weißenstein) is a ruined rock castle at a height of 758 metres on a quartz ridge, the Pfahl ("Burgberg") in the municipality of Weißenstein in the borough of Regen in the county of Regen in Bavaria.

Rock castle
A rock castle (German: Felsenburg) is a type of medieval castle that directly incorporates natural rock outcrops into its defences to such an extent that the rock formations define the structure of the castle. Topographically, rock castles are classified as hill castles.
Nick Kusznir
Nicholas John Kusznir is a British geophysicist. He is Emeritus Professor of Geophysics at the University of Liverpool.

Kusznir completed his BSc in Physics at Durham University in 1972; earning a PhD from the same institution in 1976. He has been awarded both the Bigsby Medal (1987) and Lyell Medal (2019) of the Geological Society of London.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Damn Good Day to Leave
"Damn Good Day to Leave" is a song by American country music singer Riley Green. It was released as the second single from Green's second studio album, Ain't My Last Rodeo on March 18, 2024. It was written by Green with Erik Dylan, Jonathan Singleton, and Nick Walsh, with production handled by Scott Borchetta, Jimmy Harnen, and Dann Huff.

Dann Huff
Dann Lee Huff (born November 15, 1960) is an American record producer, studio guitarist, and songwriter. For his work as a producer in the country music genre, he has won several awards, including the Musician of the Year award in 2001, 2004, and 2016 at the Country Music Association Awards and the Producer of the Year award in 2006 and 2009 at the Academy of Country Music. He is the father of American singer and songwriter Ashlyne Huff, a member of Giant and White Heart and brother of drummer David Huff.
Urdu localization of open-source software
Free and open-source software portal

Open-source software Urdu localization was initiated by the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP) at the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, through its PAN Localization Project, funded by IDRC in Canada.

The localization of the following open source software is in progress:

SeaMonkey – an Internet suite

OpenOffice.org – an office suite

Psi – a chat client

NVu – a web development tool

Drupal – a content management system

Psi (instant messaging client)
Psi is a free instant messaging client for the XMPP protocol which uses the Qt toolkit. It runs on Linux (and other Unix-like operating systems), Windows, macOS and OS/2 (including eComStation and ArcaOS).

User interface of program is very flexible in customization. For example, there are "multi windows" and "all in one" modes, support of different iconsets and themes.

Ready-to-install deb and RPM packages are available for many Linux distributions. Successful ports of Psi were reported for Haiku, FreeBSD and Sun Solaris operating systems.

Due to Psi's free/open-source nature, several forks have appeared, which occasionally contain features that may appear in future official Psi versions.
Northern Farm (book)
Northern Farm: A Chronicle of Maine is a 1948 book by naturalist/writer Henry Beston. Originally written for The Progressive as a series of columns on country-living, it chronicles a season on a small Maine farm. Beston is also the author of The Outermost House. Northern Farm has been less commercially successful but still important as environmental writing and popular among Mainers.

Published in 1948, it is a series of short essays inspired by his life and observations at Chimney Farm, an 88-acre farm in Nobleboro that Beston and his wife, the late poet Elizabeth Coatsworth, purchased in 1931. ... It has long been out of print, except for a facsimile edition published in 2006 to raise funds for the preservation of the farm property, which in 2007 was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Chimney Farm
Chimney Farm is a historic farm property at 617 East Neck Road in Nobleboro, Maine.  The heart of the farm is an early 19th-century farmhouse, which was from 1931 to their respective deaths home to the writers Henry Beston (1888–1968) and Elizabeth Coatsworth (1893–1986).  Both were prominent regional award-winning writers, and the farm property played a prominent role on some of their writings.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Asamushi-Natsudomari Prefectural Natural Park
Asamushi-Natsudomari Prefectural Natural Park (浅虫夏泊県立自然公園, Asamushi-Natsudomari kenritsu shizen-kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park on the north coast of Aomori Prefecture, Japan, overlooking Mutsu Bay. Established in 1953, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Aomori and Hiranai. It encompasses Asamushi Onsen and the coastline of the Natsudomari Peninsula (夏泊半島).

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.