hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy
Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy, or SLONM, is a very rare disease, one of the nemaline myopathies, causing loss of muscle bulk and weakness in the legs but sparing the cranial nerves, and beginning its clinical course after age 40.  It was first identified in 1966 at the Mayo Clinic, by A.G. Engel, and that same year W.K. Engel and J.S. Resnick noted another case that they elaborated in 1975.  The diagnosis of the disease rests on subacutely evolving weakness after age 40, normal to low CK level, a myopathic EMG with fibrillations, and often a monoclonal gammopathy.  The diagnosis is confirmed by visualizing rods in cryosections on light and electron microscopy.  The associated monoclonal gammopathy has an unfavorable prognosis.

Acute (medicine)
In medicine, describing a disease as acute denotes that it is of recent onset; it occasionally denotes a short duration. The quantification of how much time constitutes "short" and "recent" varies by disease and by context, but the core denotation of "acute" is always qualitatively in contrast with "chronic", which denotes long-lasting disease (for example, in acute leukaemia and chronic leukaemia).

In the context of the mass noun "acute disease", it refers to the acute phase (that is, a short course) of any disease entity. For example, in an article on ulcerative enteritis in poultry, the author says, "in acute disease there may be increased mortality without any obvious signs", referring to the acute form or phase of ulcerative enteritis.
2008–09 WRU Challenge Cup
The 2008–09 WRU Challenge Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the SWALEC Cup, was the 39th WRU Challenge Cup, the annual national rugby union cup competition of Wales. The competition was won by Neath RFC, who had previously won it five times, in 1971–72, 1988–89, 1989–90, 2003–04 and 2007–08.

SWALEC
SWALEC was an electricity supply and distribution company in South Wales, established in 1989 following the de-regulation of the electricity supply industry in the United Kingdom. The business has seen several changes of ownership from 1996, and the SWALEC brand has been used for retail gas supply as well as electricity. Today National Grid runs the distribution network business, and SWALEC Contracting is a trading name of OVO Energy. The name SWALEC is a syllabic acronym of 'South Wales Electricity'.
Dyachok
Dyachok is a colloquial name for a category of church worker in Ukrainian and Russian history. The official name was Russian: псаломщик, literally "psalm person". They were laymen, not included in the official hierarchy of church offices. Their duties included giving readings and leading the congregation in song during mass. Their other duties include that of clerk in the church.

Clerk
A clerk is a white-collar worker in an administrative professional capacity who conducts record keeping as well as general office tasks, or a grey-collar worker (or to a lesser extent, a blue-collar worker) who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service counters, screening callers, and other administrative tasks. In City of London livery companies, the clerk is the chief executive officer.
Bhamashah Stadium
Bhamashah Stadium is cricket ground in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. It has hosted five matches for Uttar Pradesh cricket team till November 2013 since making its debut in 2003 when Uttar Pradesh cricket team played against Punjab cricket team as match ended in a draw. Manish Pandey scored 194 in a match between Karnataka cricket team and home team Uttar Pradesh cricket team. The stadium is home of Indian fast-bowler Praveen Kumar and Bhuvneshwar Kumar. It is a domestic cricket stadium.

Punjab cricket team (India)
The Punjab cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents the Indian state of Punjab. They have qualified for only one Ranji Trophy semi-final in the last five seasons and made it to the final in the 2004–05 tournament, where they lost to Railways in the first innings. They also play in other domestic cricket tournaments in India. They have been winners of the Ranji Trophy only once, in the 1992–93 season. In 2023-24, they won their maiden Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Piet Matthee
Petrus Arnoldus "Piet" Matthee (born 10 March 1953) is a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) in Parliament from 1987 to 2004, excepting a hiatus in the President's Council from 1989 to 1990. He joined Parliament during apartheid as the MP for Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal. In the post-apartheid era, he served in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999 and then as leader of the NNP in the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) from 1999 to 2004.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
USA-315
USA-315, also known as SBIRS GEO-5, is a military satellite developed as a part of the Space-Based Infrared System. The satellite aims to increase the capabilities of the United States Department of Defense in terms of missile defense and military intelligence.

Military satellite
A military satellite is an artificial satellite used for a military purpose. The most common missions are intelligence gathering, navigation and military communications.

The first military satellites were photographic reconnaissance missions. Some attempts were made to develop satellite based weapons but this work was halted in 1967 following the ratification of international treaties banning the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in orbit.

As of 2013, there are 950 satellites of all types in Earth orbit. It is not possible to identify the exact number of these that are military satellites partly due to secrecy and partly due to dual purpose missions such as GPS satellites that serve both civilian and military purposes. As of December 2018 there are 320 known military or dual-use satellites in the sky, half of which are owned by the US, followed by Russia, China and India.
2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's mass start
The men's mass start in the 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over four races on four occasions, out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 16–18 November 2012, and the final occasion also taking place in Heerenveen on 8–10 March 2013.

Arjan Stroetinga of the Netherlands won the cup, while Bart Swings of Belgium came second, and Jordan Belchos of Canada came third. The defending champion, Alexis Contin of France, ended up in 9th place.

Arjan Stroetinga
Arjan Stroetinga (born 26 June 1981) is a Dutch former professional speed skater.

He won the silver medal in the mass start event at the 2021 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships, after gold in 2015. He became seven times Dutch national marathon champion. He retired at the end of the 2020-21 speed skating season.
Cloud-Based Secure File Transfer
Cloud-Based Secure File Transfer is a managed or hosted file transfer service that provides cloud storage that can be accessed via SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). These services allow secure, reliable file transfers while offering the scalability, redundancy, and high availability of cloud infrastructure.

Hosted service provider
A hosted service provider (xSP) is a business that delivers a combination of traditional IT functions such as infrastructure, applications (software as a service), security, monitoring, storage, web development, website hosting and email, over the Internet or other wide area networks (WAN). An xSP combines the abilities of an application service provider (ASP) and an Internet service provider (ISP).

This approach enables customers to consolidate and outsource much of their IT needs for a predictable recurring fee. xSPs that integrate web publishing give customers a central repository  to rapidly and efficiently distribute information and resources among employees, customers, partners and the general public.

Hosted Service Providers benefit from economies of scale and operate on a one-to-many business model, delivering the same software and services to many customers at once. Customers are charged on a subscription basis.
Plogonnec
Plogonnec (French pronunciation: [plɔɡɔnɛk]; Breton: Plogoneg) is a commune and small town in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. It is about 13 km (8 mi) north west of Quimper and 10 km (6 mi) east of Douarnenez. The town is twinned with Llandysul in Wales.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
The Little Bridge
The Little Bridge is an undated landscape painting by the Dutch painter Gillis Rombouts. It is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory number is 423.

Writing in 1894, the specialist Cornelis Hofstede de Groot described this painting as one of Rombout's masterpieces. At that time, it belonged to the collection of Martin Schubart in Dresden. In the year of Schubart's death, 1899, the collection was sold at an auction in Munich, where Georg Dehio bought the painting on behalf of the Strasbourg museum, for 2,900 Mark.

The Little Bridge is signed but not dated. It depicts a little wooden bridge over a canal, in which some ducks are swimming. The largest house on the right has been identified as an inn.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg (Museum of Fine Arts of Strasbourg) is the old masters paintings collection of the city of Strasbourg, located in the Alsace region of France. The museum is housed in the first and second floors of the baroque Palais Rohan since 1898. The museum displays works by non-Upper Rhenish artists from between the 14th century and 1871 and by Upper Rhenish artist from between 1681 and 1871. The museum owned 1,934 works as of 31 December 2015, this number has substantially increased since (see below). The old masters from the upper-Rhenish area until 1681 are exhibited in the neighboring Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame.
Rainar Hakulinen
Rainar Alarik Hakulinen (9 October 1918 – 29 December 1991) was a Finnish lichenologist and schoolteacher. He was noted as an expert on the lichen family Candelariaceae, and was known for his numerous phytogeographical publications about the boreal and arctic lichens of Finland, Northern Norway, and Russian Karelia.

East Karelia
East Karelia (Finnish: Itä-Karjala, Karelian: Idä-Karjala), also rendered as Eastern Karelia or Russian Karelia (Finnish: Venäjän Karjala), is a name for the part of Karelia that is beyond the eastern border of Finland and since the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617 has remained Eastern Orthodox and a part of Russia. It is separate from the western part of Karelia, called Finnish Karelia or historically Swedish Karelia (before 1808). Most of East Karelia has become part of the Republic of Karelia within the Russian Federation. It consists mainly of the old historical regions of Viena Karjala (English: White Karelia) and Aunus Karjala (English: Olonets Karelia).
Kořínek
Kořínek (Czech feminine: Kořínková) is a Czech surname meaning "small root". Notable people include:

Aleš Kořínek (born 1983), Czech footballer

Ivana Kořínková (born 1950), Czech basketball player

Karl Korinek (1940–2017), Austrian scholar

Květoslava Kořínková (1940–2026), Czech politician

Radim Kořínek (born 1973), Czech cyclist

Valerie Korinek (born 1965), Canadian historian

Valerie Korinek
Valerie Joyce Korinek (born December 11, 1965) FRSC is a Canadian historian.  She is a professor of history at the University of Saskatchewan and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Her research focuses on Queer studies and communities.
Ferrioxalate
Ferrioxalate or trisoxalatoferrate(III) is a trivalent anion with formula [Fe(C2O4)3]3−.  It is a transition metal complex consisting of an iron atom in the +3 oxidation state and three bidentate oxalate ions C2O2−4 anions acting as ligands.

The ferrioxalate anion gives a lime green color to salts, and in solution it is fluorescent.  The anion is sensitive to light and higher-energy electromagnetic radiation, which causes the decomposition of one oxalate to carbon dioxide (CO2) and reduction of the iron(III) atom to iron(II).  This property is exploited for actinometry.

The most common and most-studied salt is potassium ferrioxalate, but the sodium, ammonium, and lithium salts have also received some attention.

Denticity
In coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin  dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex.  In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate. Ligands with more than one bonded atom are called multidentate or polydentate. The denticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter κ ('kappa').  For example, κ6-EDTA describes an EDTA ligand that coordinates through 6 non-contiguous atoms.

Denticity is different from hapticity because hapticity refers exclusively to ligands where the coordinating atoms are contiguous.  In these cases the η ('eta') notation is used. Bridging ligands use the μ ('mu') notation.
1989 ADAC Supercup
The SAT 1 Supercup '89 was the fourth and final season of the Supercup, a West German auto racing series organized by the ADAC and sponsored by SAT 1 television.  Held over five events in West Germany and Great Britain, the driver's championship was won by Frenchmen Bob Wollek; his team Joest Racing won the team's championship. The series was canceled following the 1989 season, ending a yearly series of German sports car championships dating back to 1972.

ADAC Supercup
The Supercup was a West German auto racing series created by the ADAC in 1986 as a replacement for the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft (DRM).  The series used Group C category sports prototypes identical to the ones used in the World Sportscar Championship, yet running nearly exclusively within West Germany.  The series lasted for four years before it was cancelled following the 1989 championship.

The series was initially sponsored by sport auto magazine during its inaugural season, then replaced by Würth the following two years.  Television network Sat.1 sponsor the championship's final year.
Raghunandan Yandamuri
Raghunandan Yandamuri (born February 21, 1986) is an Indian murderer, and kidnapper, who is currently awaiting execution on death row in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at SCI Somerset, as of 2024. On November 20, 2014, he was sentenced to death for the October 22, 2012, murder of 61-year-old Satyavathi Venna and the kidnapping-murder of her 10-month-old granddaughter, Saanvi Venna, at an Upper Merion Township apartment in Montgomery County. He was previously scheduled for execution by lethal injection on February 23, 2018, at age 32, but it was halted due to the 2015 moratorium of the death penalty in Pennsylvania.

Commonwealth (U.S. state)
Commonwealth is a term used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. "Commonwealth" is a traditional English term used to describe a political community as having been founded for the common good, and shares some similarities with the Latin phrase "res publica" ('the public thing'), which ultimately is the origin of the word "republic".

The "commonwealth" appellation is merely stylistic and carries no legal or political significance. The four states that use this term are all in the Eastern United States, and prior to the formation of the United States in 1776 were British colonial possessions (at the time, Kentucky was a part of colonial Virginia). As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions.
Crawford AuSable School District
Crawford AuSable School District is a public school district in Northern Michigan. In Crawford County, it serves Grayling and the townships of Frederic, Grayling, Lovells, and Maple Forest and part of the township of Beaver Creek. It also serves part of Bear Lake Township in Kalkaska County and part of Otsego Lake Township in Otsego County.

Otsego Lake Township, Michigan
Otsego Lake Township is a civil township of Otsego County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,857 at the 2020 census.

The township takes its name from Otsego Lake, in which the southern half is within the township. Otsego Lake State Park is located in the township on the southeast shore of the lake.
Levitsky
Levitsky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Momotenko-Levitsky (born 1970), Dutch composer

Grigory Andreevich Levitsky (1878–1942), Russian and Soviet plant cytogeneticist

Maxym Levitsky (born 1972), Ukrainian footballer

Melvyn Levitsky (born 1938), American diplomat

Mykhajlo Levitsky (1774–1858), Ukrainian archbishop

Rafail Levitsky (1847–1940), Russian artist

Sergey Levitsky (1819–1898), Russian photographer

Stepan Levitsky (1876–1924), Russian chess master

Steven Levitsky (born 1968), American political scientist

Rafail Levitsky
Rafail Sergeevich Levitsky (Russian: Рафаи́л Сергее́вич Леви́цкий; c. 1840–1847 — c. 1937–1940) was a Russian painter in the Realist style, active during Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II's reigns. The son to pioneering portrait photographer Sergey Levitsky, he was a second-rate master most remembered as friend to contemporaneous artists Ilya Repin and Vasily Polenov.
1991 Roscommon County Council election
An election to Roscommon County Council took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 26 councillors were elected from six local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.
Tor Berger Jørgensen
Tor Berger Jørgensen (born 27 December 1945) is a Norwegian bishop who until 2015 was Bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland in the Church of Norway. Appointed in 2019, he now serves as the Bishop of the Lutheran Church in Great Britain and resides in London.

Jørgensen was appointed the bishop of Sør-Hålogaland on 17 November 2006 and took over those duties from Øystein Ingar Larsen on 28 January 2007. Jørgensen had previously been the dean of Bodø Cathedral since 2000 and had for various periods been deputy for the bishop.

Jørgensen received the cand.theol. degree (equivalent to a combined Bachelor of Divinity and Master of Divinity) from the Misjonshøgskolen/MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1972. Jørgensen worked for 15 years as a missionary priest in Japan for the Norwegian Missionary Society. He then served as its general secretary from 1991 to 1999. Jørgensen was a candidate for bishop of the Diocese of Oslo in 2005, but Ole Christian Kvarme was elected.

Master of Divinity
For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, magister divinitatis in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divinity schools (e.g. in 2014 nearly 44 percent of all US students in schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools were enrolled in an MDiv program).

In many Christian denominations and in some other religions, the degree is the standard prerequisite for ordination or licensing to professional ministry. At accredited seminaries in the United States, this degree requires between 72 and 106 credit hours of study (72 being the minimum determined by academic accrediting agencies, and 106 being on the upper end of certain schools that wish to ensure a broader study of the related disciplines.) After the completion of the Master of Divinity degree, students can continue further and get their professional Doctor of Ministry degree.
HMS Grasshopper (1806)
HMS Grasshopper was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1806, captured several vessels, and took part in two notable actions before the Dutch captured her in 1811. She served in former navy of the Kingdom of Holland, French Imperial Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy until being broken up in 1822.

Striking the colors
Striking the colors—meaning lowering the flag (the "colors") that signifies a ship's or garrison's allegiance—is a universally recognized indication of surrender, particularly for ships at sea. For a ship, surrender is dated from the time the ensign is struck.