hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Datu Hoffer Ampatuan
Datu Hoffer Ampatuan, officially the Municipality of Datu Hoffer Ampatuan (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Datu Hoffer Ampatuan; Jawi:  ايڠد نو داتو حوۏر امڤتوان; Tagalog: Bayan ng Datu Hoffer Ampatuan), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,660 people.

It was created out of 9 barangays from the municipality of Shariff Aguak, and portions of 2 barangays from Datu Unsay, by virtue of Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 220, which was subsequently ratified in a plebiscite held on July 30, 2009.

Maguindanao del Sur
Maguindanao del Sur, officially the Province of Maguindanao del Sur (Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Salatan Magindanaw, Jawi: دايرت نو سلاتان مڬیندانو, Filipino: Timog Maguindanao), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Buluan near the city of Tacurong in the neighboring province of Sultan Kudarat. It borders Cotabato province to the east, Maguindanao del Norte to the west, and Sultan Kudarat to the south.
2020 Seanad election
An indirect election to the 26th Seanad took place after the 2020 Irish general election, with postal ballots due on 30 and 31 March. Seanad Éireann is the upper house of the Oireachtas, with Dáil Éireann as the lower house of representatives. The election was held for 49 of the 60 seats in the Seanad: 43 are elected for five vocational panels, and six are elected in two university constituencies. The remaining 11 senators are nominated by the newly elected Taoiseach when the Dáil reconvenes after the general election.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Robert William Cole
Robert William Cole (6 April 1869 - 12 November 1937) was born in Heston, Middlesex and studied law at Balliol, Oxford, intending to become a barrister, but instead worked as a professional photographer and author.  Some of his works are  early science fiction and future war fiction. His writing is most notable for an early description of war in space, but had little influence on the history of science fiction because it was published by small presses and received little public attention. He died in Dawlish in Devon, aged 68. Most of Cole's works are out of print and are difficult to find. Copies can be found at the British Library, and two have been republished in scholarly editions.

Pickering & Chatto Publishers
Pickering & Chatto is an imprint of Routledge which publishes in the humanities and social sciences, specializing in monographs, critical editions (works, diaries, correspondence) and thematic source collections. Pickering & Chatto's academic monographs have an international reputation and its critical editions and source collections are critically acclaimed. Pickering & Chatto is regarded as "the pre-eminent publisher of critical editions in the humanities and social sciences".
Karl Albert
Karl Albert (2 October 1921 – 9 October 2008) was a German philosopher and professor emeritus at Bergische Universität Wuppertal.

Born in Neheim, a borough of the Westphalia town of Arnsberg, Albert studied at University of Cologne and University of Bonn. His 1950 dissertation On the Aesthetics of the Sublime in German Idealism was written under the supervision of professor Erich Rothacker at University of Bonn. In the years 1952–1955 he was an assistant of Joseph Koch (a Meister Eckhart scholar) at Thomas-Institut in Cologne. 1958–1970 he taught philosophy at a local Gymnasium. In this period he majored in linguistics and classics. Then until 1972 he was a Lehrbeauftragter at the Ruhr-Universität in Bochum. In 1973 he was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the Pädagogischen Hochschule Rheinland. In 1980 he changed to Wuppertal's Bergischen Universität. Albert died in Cologne a week past his 87th birthday.

Arnsberg
Arnsberg (German pronunciation: [ˈaʁnsbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Arensperg) is a town in the Hochsauerland county, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the location of the Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg administration and one of the three local administration offices of the Hochsauerlandkreis district.
Antonio da Vendri
Antonio da Vendri (active 1517–1545) was a 16th-century Italian Renaissance painter.

Not much is known about Antonio da Vendri's life except through his works. Documents show he worked in Verona between 1517 and 1545, not only as a painter, but also as a baker and tailor. As an artist he primarily painted religious-themed paintings for church commissions. One work executed by Antonio da Vendri, The Giusti Family of Verona, is part of the National Gallery collection. He also painted a Madonna and Child with Two Angels in 1518 (Verona, Castelvecchio Museum), and painted frescoes (now lost) in Toblino Castle near Levico Terme, Trentino, in 1536 for Cardinal Bernardo Clesio. A fresco fragment to attributed Antonio da Vendri, Madonna and Child and Saint Roch, survives in the church of Santa Maria in Stelle, Verona.

Bernardo Clesio
Bernardo Clesio (German: Bernhard von Cles; 1 March 1484 – 30 July 1539) was an Italian Cardinal, bishop, diplomat, humanist and botanist.

Born in Cles, in the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, today Trentino, he graduated from the University of Bologna. He later became Prince-Bishop of Trent (1514–1539) and of Brixen (1539), cardinal, and chancellor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I.

He was a key contributor to the organization of the Council of Trent and greatly embellished and expanded Trento in the process. He commissioned the rebuilding of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento, enlarged the Castello del Buonconsiglio and called upon Renaissance artists such as Dosso Dossi and Romanino to decorated the additions.
Conexión (Ana Torroja album)
Conexión is the second live album by Spanish singer Ana Torroja. It was released under the label OCESA Seitrack on May 5, 2015. The album was recorded in Ciudad de México on December 3, 2014. The album includes material from her past five studio albums as well as 4 newly recorded songs. Featured guest include Paty Cantú, Leonel García, Miguel Bosé, Aleks Syntek, Carla Morrison and Ximena Sariñana.

Carla Morrison
Carla Patricia Morrison Flores (born July 19, 1986) is a Mexican indie pop guitarist and singer. She has released three studio albums and has received various awards and nominations including two Grammy Award nominations and three Latin Grammy Awards.
WKDZ-FM
WKDZ-FM (106.5 MHz) is a radio station licensed in Cadiz, Kentucky.  WKDZ-FM is owned by Ham Broadcasting.  Beth Mann serves as Ham Broadcasting owner/president.

The station's studios are located in a 4,100-square-foot (380 m2) facility at Broadbent Square along US 68/KY 80 in east Cadiz near the Interstate 24 interchange. The station's transmitter is located on Bailey Road off Kentucky Route 117 near its junction with Interstate 24 in southwestern Christian County.

Kentucky Route 80
Kentucky Route 80 (KY 80) is a 483.55-mile-long (778.20 km) state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. The route originates on the state's western border at Columbus in Hickman County and stretches across the southern portion of the state, terminating southeast of Elkhorn City on the Virginia state line. It is the longest Kentucky State Highway, though the official distance as listed in route logs is much less due to multiple concurrencies with U.S. Route 68 (US 68) and US 23.

The route was split into two segments from 2003 to November 2009. Construction and relocation of KY 80 in Graves, Calloway, and Marshall counties during this time caused the route to be split. A new, four-laned 8.5-mile (13.7 km) section of KY 80 opened in Calloway County on November 25, 2009. The route is now a four-lane divided highway from Mayfield to Bowling Green after the widening to four lanes from Canton to Cadiz was completed in 2020.
Sun Rising through Vapour
Sun Rising through Vapour is a c.1807 landscape painting by the English artist J.M.W. Turner. Also known by the longer title Sun Rising through Vapour: Fishermen Cleaning and Selling Fish it depicts a scene on the English coast.

It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition at Trafalgar Square along with his genre painting The Country Blacksmith. The painting demonstrates the influence of seventeenth century Dutch art on Turner and in 1810 he exhibited it in his own studio under the changed title of Dutch Boats.
It was acquired by the art collector Sir John Leicester in 1818. However, following the latter's death Turner bought the painting back.

Today it is in the collection of the National Gallery on Trafalgar Square in London having been part of the Turner Bequest of 1856.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Segelsällskapet Fjord
Segelsällskapet Fjord (Danish: Segelsällskapets Fjord) is a fjord in King Christian X Land, eastern Greenland.

Administratively it lies in the Northeast Greenland National Park area. This fjord is part of the King Oscar Fjord system.

Northeast Greenland National Park
Northeast Greenland National Park (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, Danish: Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest national park and the 10th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974, the Northeast Greenland national park expanded to its present size in 1988. It protects 972,000 km2 (375,000 mi2) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is larger than the area of Tanzania, but smaller than that of Egypt. This means that the national park is bigger than 166 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world and the second-largest by area of any second-level subdivision of any country in the world, trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, Canada.
SS Sir Trevor Dawson
Sir Trevor Dawson was an American-built Canadian bulk carrier that operated from 1916 to 1970 on the Great Lakes. She was launched on September 9, 1916 as hull #524. She was built by the Superior Shipbuilding Company of Superior, Wisconsin using the stern of the wrecked bulk freighter William C. Moreland. She was powered by a 2,000-horsepower (1,500 kW) triple expansion steam engine, supplied by two coal-fired Scotch marine boilers. The Sir Trevor Dawson's first owner was the American Interlake Company. Her homeport was Duluth, Minnesota. She entered service in December 1916 carrying a load of grain to Duluth.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Edwin Gyasi
Edwin Gyasi (born 1 July 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Bulgarian Second League club Sevlievo. Born in the Netherlands, he played for the Ghana national team at international level.

Gyasi formerly played for Aalesund, Telstar, De Graafschap, FC Twente and Heracles Almelo. He is a brother of fellow footballer Raymond Gyasi.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.
Pseuduvaria aurantiaca
Pseuduvaria aurantiaca is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae.  It is endemic to New Guinea. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Orophea aurantiaca, named it after its orange colored (aurantiacus, in Latin) fruit.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
The Christmas Ornament
The Christmas Ornament is a 2013 American/Canadian holiday romance television film directed by Mark Jean and starring Kellie Martin, Cameron Mathison, and Jewel Staite. Written by Bill Wells and J. B. White, the film is about a young widow unable to celebrate Christmas because of the memories that it evokes, until she meets a Christmas tree shop owner who helps her start her own cookie business and rediscover the spirit of the season.

Kellie Martin
Kellie Noelle Martin (born October 16, 1975) is an American actress. Her roles have included Lolly in Potato Head Kids, Daphne Blake in A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, Emily Coleman in Troop Beverly Hills, Becca Thatcher in Life Goes On, Molly Tazmanian Devil in Taz-Mania, Sherry in Matinee, Christy Huddleston in Christy, Sadira in Aladdin, Roxanne in A Goofy Movie,  Lucy Knight in ER, Samantha Kinsey in the Mystery Woman TV film series, and as Hailey Dean in the Hailey Dean Mysteries.
Sophia Laukli
Sophia Laukli (born 8 June 2000) is an American cross-country skier and trailrunner from Yarmouth, Maine. Her highest World Cup finish was first in the freestyle 10 km event at Val di Fiemme on January 7, 2024. She previously skied for the Middlebury College ski team, where she earned All-American honors placing second in the 5k freestyle, and now races for the University of Utah ski team. She was named in the United States Ski Team for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

In 2023 she won the Marathon du Mont Blanc and Sierre-Zinal.

Laukli has dual citizenship through her Norwegian father and speaks fluent Norwegian.

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29–30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Buda Musique
Buda Musique is a French record label specializing in world music. It was founded in 1987 by Gilles Fruchaux and Dominique Buscall. After Buscall died in 1990, Fruchaux became the sole owner. The label is especially known for its 32 Volume Éthiopiques series.

Buda Musique has released over 400 albums, including recordings by ethio-jazz figures Mulatu Astatke, Mahmoud Ahmed, Alemayehu Eshete, saxophonist Getatchew Mekurya; klezmer musicians as Nano Peylet, Denis Cuniot, Yom; and world-music singers and bands like Les Yeux Noirs, Lo Còr de la Plana, Los Incas, Ray Lema, Cheikha Remitti, Cheb Hasni, Mugar and Jean-Pierre Drouet among others.

Cheb Hasni
Cheb Hasni (Arabic: الشاب حسني), born Hasni Chakroun (Arabic: حسني شقرون), (1 February 1968 – 29 September 1994), was an Algerian raï singer. Regarded as "The King of Sentimental Music","le rossignol du raï", his contribution to music made him one of the most celebrated Algerian artist of the late 20th century. He was popular across the Maghreb, having reached the height of his career in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
1914 United States Senate election in Kansas
The 1914 United States Senate election in Kansas was held on November 3, 1914, and was the first popular Senate election held in the state after the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment. Incumbent Republican Senator Joseph L. Bristow ran for re-election to a second term, but he was narrowly defeated in the Republican primary by former Senator Charles Curtis. Two members of Congress—Democrat George A. Neeley from the 7th district and Progressive Victor Murdock from the 8th district—ran against Curtis in the general election. Curtis narrowly defeated them with a 36% plurality.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
Stefano Gualeni
Stefano Gualeni (born 30 April 1978) is an Italian philosopher, professor, and game designer who has created video games such as Tony Tough and the Night of Roasted Moths, Gua-Le-Ni; or, The Horrendous Parade, and Something Something Soup Something.

Gualeni is currently a full professor at the Institute of Digital Games of the University of Malta, where he pursues academic research in the fields of game design, virtual worlds research, the philosophy of technology, science fiction, and existentialism.

He had been a visiting researcher in various international institutions, including the Laguna College of Art and Design of Laguna Beach, California (2015-2019), the Centre of the Digital Humanities of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2019), the Ritsumeikan Center for Game Studies (RCGS) at the Ritsumeikan University of Kyoto, Japan (2023), and the Faculty of Media and Communication of the Singidunum University of Belgrade, Serbia (2024).

Singidunum University
Singidunum University (Serbian: Универзитет Сингидунум, romanized: Univerzitet Singidunum) is a private university in Belgrade, Serbia which offers undergraduate, master and doctoral academics studies in three scientific fields – social sciences and humanities; technical sciences; and natural sciences and mathematics. As of 2023–24 academic year, the university consists of three faculties, has 391 academic staff and 9,330 enrolled students, which makes it the largest private university in Serbia.

The first faculty was founded in 1999, and the university itself was established on 17 January 2005. The university is organized according to the principles of the Bologna Declaration (Bologna Process) education model, and it applies the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS). The curricula and study programmes were designed in line with respectable European universities and colleges models, whilst relying on Serbian education system best practices.
Khwab Saraye
Khwab Saraye (Eng: Dream House) is a Pakistani television series premiered on Hum TV on 17 May 2016. It is produced by Momina Duraid under MD Productions and written by Aliya Bukhari. It stars Aijaz Aslam, Sonia Mishal, Muneeb Butt and his future wife Aiman Khan.

Aliya Bukhari
Aliya Bukhari (Urdu: عالیہ بخاری) is a Pakistani novelist and screenwriter. She started her career through Khawateen Digest and has written many popular novels and plays. Many of her novels and stories have been adapted to television plays, including Dil-e-Muztar, which earned her widespread acclaim and recognition. She has been also praised for her series Mere Qatil Mere Dildar, Mausam and Maana Ka Gharana.
Music of Croatia
The music of Croatia, like the divisions of the country itself, has two major influences: Central European, present in central and northern parts of the country including Slavonia, and Mediterranean, present in coastal regions of Dalmatia and Istria.

In Croatia both pop and rock are popular, as well as pop music influenced by Dalmatian or Slavonian folk elements.

Since the mid-20th century, schlager and chanson-inspired music have formed the backbone of the Croatian popular music.

Meri Cetinić
Meri Cetinić (born 15 June 1953) is a Croatian pop singer and soprano vocalist.

Cetinić was born in Split and graduated at the Teachers Academy of the University of Split. Her first major contribution was the song "More" (lit. "the Sea") with the band Grupa More in 1973.

Between the 1970s and the 1990s, she released 12 albums under major Yugoslav and Croatian record labels, some of which went gold and platinum.
Convergent validity
Convergent validity in the behavioral sciences refers to the degree to which two measures that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. Convergent validity, along with discriminant validity, is a subtype of construct validity.  Convergent validity can be established if two similar constructs correspond with one another, while discriminant validity applies to two dissimilar constructs that are easily differentiated.

Campbell and Fiske (1959) developed the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix to assess the construct validity of a set of measures in a study.  The approach stresses the importance of using both discriminant and convergent validation techniques when assessing new tests. In other words, in order to establish construct validity, you have to demonstrate both convergence and discrimination.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).