hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aldborough Hall
Aldborough Hall is a historic building in Aldborough, North Yorkshire, a village in England.

The hall was probably built in the early 17th century.  A wing was added to the north in the Victorian period, but was later demolished.  The building was Grade II* listed in 1952.  It was put up for sale in 1999 for £950,000, at which time, it had seven bedrooms, five reception rooms, four bathrooms and two kitchens, with a tennis court in the grounds.

The three-storey house is built of red brick, with stone dressings, quoins, and a Welsh slate roof.  There are twin gables on the front and rear, and a full-height gabled bay projecting from the centre on three sides.  On the west side is a three-storey canted bay window with an embattled parapet.  The windows are mullioned and transomed.

Inside the house are several fittings brought from elsewhere: a late medieval fireplace, a Jacobean staircase from Lymore, and panelling from various locations, most notably Ashley Park.

Quoin
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.

Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Montenegro at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Montenegro competed at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024, This was Montenegro's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.

The Montenegrin team consisted of two alpine skiers (one per gender). Alpine skiers Branislav Pekovic and Anastasija Vukasovic were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

2024 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2024 Winter Youth Olympics (Korean: 2024년 동계 청소년 올림픽), officially known as the IV Winter Youth Olympic Games and commonly known as Gangwon 2024 (강원 2024), were a winter multi-sport event, cultural festival, and fourth edition of the Winter Youth Olympics held between 19 January and 1 February 2024 in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

That was the third time South Korea hosted the Olympic Games, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, and the second time the country hosted the Winter games, after the 2018 Olympics. It was also the first Winter Youth Olympics held in Asia, as well as the third overall Youth Olympic Games in the continent, after the 2010 Olympics in Singapore and the 2014 Olympics in Nanjing, China (all Summer Games). It was also the final Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Victor Rallo
Victor Rallo is an American restaurateur and wine critic in New Jersey. On July 6, 2013, his public television show Eat! Drink! Italy! with Vic Rallo premiered.  He owns and runs Birravino in Red Bank, New Jersey, and Undici Taverna Rustica in Rumson, New Jersey.  He has published two wine books, Napoleon Wasn't Exiled   and 21 Wines.  He created an online "wine community" called Rallo Wines with wine expert Anthony Verdoni. He recently opened a chain of Barbecue restaurants called "Surf".

Rallo's father ran a Newark pizzeria and other eateries in New Jersey, including a restaurant in West Orange. Victor is a graduate of Villanova University and has a J.D. from Seton Hall Law School in New Jersey.  He lives in Fair Haven with his wife, Kari, and their three children, Jake, Jack and Eli. Eli, his oldest daughter, is an author and social media influencer with over one million online followers.

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve
The Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve or Mokolo Dam Provincial Park is a protected area of bushveld in the Limpopo province, South Africa. It almost surrounds the Mokolo Dam on the Mokolo River. It is located 32 km south of Lephalale, just northeast of the Marakele National Park and not far from the Lapalala Game Reserve.

The reserve is only 46 km2 and is surrounded by the Waterberg Biosphere. There is both sourveld and sweetveld here, and attractions include water sports, birds, and fish. Largemouth bass, bream, carp, and catfish can all be fished there, but one must watch for crocodiles.

Among the birds that can be spotted here are the following:

Crested barbet

African fish eagle

Brown-hooded kingfisher

Southern grey-headed sparrow

Egyptian goose

White-fronted bee eater

Magpie shrike

Southern grey-headed sparrow
The southern grey-headed sparrow (Passer diffusus) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the grey-headed sparrow. It is found in savanna and woodland in Angola and Zambia southwards into South Africa, where it is expanding its range and is kept as a caged bird, like its relative the white-rumped seedeater.
De Mensurabili Musica
De Mensurabili Musica (concerning measured music) is a musical treatise from the early 13th century (medieval period, c. 1240) and is the first of two treatises traditionally attributed to French music theorist Johannes de Garlandia; the other is de plana musica  (Concerning Plainchant). De Mensurabili Musica was the first to explain a modal rhythmic system that was already in use at the time: the rhythmic modes.  The six rhythmic modes set out by the treatise are all in triple time and are made from combinations of the note values longa (long) and brevis (short) and are given the names trochee, iamb, dactyl, anapest, spondaic and tribrach, although trochee, dactyl and spondaic were much more common. It is evident how influential Garlandia's  treatise has been by the number of theorists that have used its ideas. Much of the surviving music of the Notre Dame School from the 13th century is based on the rhythmic modes set out in De Mensurabili Musica.

Iamb (poetry)
An iamb (/ˈaɪæm/ EYE-am) or iambus is a metrical foot used in various types of poetry. Originally the term referred to one of the feet of the quantitative meter of classical Greek prosody: a short syllable followed by a long syllable (as in καλή (kalḗ) "beautiful (f.)").  This terminology was adopted in the description of accentual-syllabic verse in English, where it refers to a foot comprising an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (as in abóve). Thus a Latin word like íbī, because of its short-long rhythm, is considered by Latin scholars to be an iamb, but because it has a stress on the first syllable, in modern linguistics it is considered to be a trochee.
Brian Marsden (weightlifter)
Brian Michael Marsden (born 29 September 1947) is a weightlifter from New Zealand. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the Light-heavyweight class, and the 1976 Summer Olympics in the Middle-heavyweight class, coming 12th at each games.

He competed in the Men's 90 kg class at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games where he won a silver, and the 1978 Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze.

In 1971 he was named Sportsperson of the Year at the Taranaki Sports Awards.

1978 Commonwealth Games
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, from 3 to 12 August, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics was held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest at New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest at alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin. The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerized system was used to handle ticket sales. This was the first Commonwealth Games to be named under the current title as Commonwealth Games, having dropped British. The Games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II for the first time since becoming Queen in 1952.
WMVN (FM)
WMVN (100.3 MHz, "96.5/100.3 The Beat") is a rhythmic top 40 FM radio station serving the Syracuse and a part of the Utica–Rome market. WMVN is licensed to Sylvan Beach, New York. A separate translator W243AB, serves the city of Westvale, New York, on the 96.5 frequency (hence the "96.5/100.3 The Beat" branding). The station's studios are located on West Kirkpatrick Street in Syracuse.

Sylvan Beach, New York
Sylvan Beach is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States; in the southeastern end of the Town of Vienna. It is twenty-two miles west of downtown Rome. At the 2010 census, the population of Sylvan Beach was  897.
Viscous damping
In continuum mechanics, viscous damping is a formulation of the damping phenomena, in which the source of damping force is modeled as a function of the volume, shape, and velocity of an object traversing through a real fluid with viscosity.

Typical examples of viscous damping in mechanical systems include:

Fluid films between surfaces

Fluid flow around a piston in a cylinder

Fluid flow through an orifice

Fluid flow within a journal bearing

Viscous damping also refers to damping devices. Most often they damp motion by providing a force or torque opposing motion proportional to the velocity. This may be affected by fluid flow or motion of magnetic structures. The intended effect is to bring the damping ratio closer to 1.

Practical examples include:

Shock absorbers in cars

Seismic retrofitting with viscous dampers

Deployment actuators in spacecraft

Velocity
Velocity is a measurement of speed in a certain direction of motion. It is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of physical objects. Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning that both magnitude and direction are needed to define it (velocity vector). The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called speed, a quantity that is measured in metres per second (m/s or m⋅s−1) in the SI (metric) system. For example, "5 metres per second" is a scalar, whereas "5 metres per second east" is a vector. If there is a change in speed, direction or both, then the object is said to be undergoing an acceleration.
2023 Challenger Biel/Bienne – Doubles
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Albano Olivetti were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Constantin Frantzen and Hendrik Jebens won the title after defeating Victor Vlad Cornea and Franko Škugor 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Hendrik Jebens
Hendrik Jebens (born 8 August 1995) is a German professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 45, achieved on 5 August 2024. He has won eight ATP Challenger doubles titles, seven of them with compatriot Constantin Frantzen.
Dibrachicystis
Dibrachicystis is an extinct genus of rhombiferan echinoderm from the early Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan, about 510 Ma). It is a stalked echinoderm within the family Dibrachicystidae which lived in what is now northernmost Iberian Chains, northern Spain. It is known from the holotype MPZ2009/1230 and from the paratypes MPZ2011/2–6. It was found in the uppermost part of the Murero Formation at Purujosa, Moncayo Natural Park, dating to the Lower Languedocian and referred to the Solenopleuropsis thorali Zone. It was first named by Samuel Zamora and A. B. Smith in 2011 and the type species is Dibrachicystis purujoensis.

Mesones Group
The Mesones Group is a Cambrian geologic group in Spain. It preserves numerous soft-bodied and hard-shelled taxa such as echinoderms and trilobites. It is often stated to contain the Mansilla, Murero and Valdemiedes Formations, however just as often the Murero Formation is used to refer to the entire group, with the main lagerstätte being placed interchangeably in Mansilla, the "broader" Murero or occasionally a broader Valdemiedes.
Pat Carroll (baseball)
Patrick (Pat) Carroll (March, 1853 – February 14, 1916) was an American Major League Baseball catcher who played for the Altoona Mountain City and the Philadelphia Keystones, both of the Union Association, in 1884.

In 16 total games he was 16-for-68 (.235) and scored 5 runs.  He was a slightly below-average defensive catcher for his era, making 13 errors in 106 total chances (.877).  In three of his games, Carroll was a right fielder, and made no errors while playing that position.

He died in his hometown of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Altoona Mountain Citys
The Altoona Mountain Citys were a professional baseball franchise that played in Altoona, Pennsylvania in 1884. The Mountain Citys were a charter member of the Union Association, but folded after 25 games with a 6–19 record. They were alternately known as the Ottawas, after the local history of the Ottawa people in the 17th and 18th centuries. At the start of the season, they were also known by the nickname Altoona Pride, and were advertised as the Famous Altoonas. By the season's end, they were known as the Altoona Unfortunates.
Central California Women's Conference
The Central California Women’s Conference (CCWC) is an annual one-day conference serving women of all generations, ethnicities and backgrounds in Fresno, California.

The conference serves as a forum for women of all generations and backgrounds to share practical ideas on how to succeed in their careers while juggling the demands of life. Traditionally the conference attracts a sold-out crowd of 3,500 women. The conference is held annually in mid-September and includes a luncheon keynote speaker, twenty-seven sessions, and a tradeshow with about 175 vendors. The conference empowers women in all stages of their lives.

Suze Orman
Susan Lynn "Suze" Orman (/ˈsuːzi/ SOO-zee; born June 5, 1951) is an American financial advisor, author, and podcast host. In 1987, she founded the Suze Orman Financial Group. Her work as a financial advisor gained notability with The Suze Orman Show, which ran on CNBC from 2002 to 2015.

Orman has written ten consecutive  New York Times bestsellers about personal finance. She was named twice to the Time 100 list of influential people, has won two Emmy Awards and eight Gracie Awards. Orman has written, co-produced and hosted nine PBS specials, and has appeared on multiple additional television shows. She has been a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show approximately 29 times and Larry King Live over 30 times. Orman is currently the podcast host of Suze Orman's Women & Money Podcast.
Somaticus
The tar darkling beetles (Somaticus) are an Afrotropical genus of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae). Adults are omnivorous scavengers, and the larvae, known as false wireworms, feed on plant roots. The larvae of several species are known to damage maize crops. The adults are matte black with longitudinal ridges on the pronotum and elytra, and may be covered in hairs of different colours.

Species include:

Somaticus aeneus Solier, 1843

Somaticus angulatus (Fahraeus)

Somaticus cinctus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873

Somaticus damarinus (Peringuey, 1904)

Somaticus distinctus Peringuey, 1892

Somaticus geniculatus

Somaticus haagi Peringuey, 1886

Somaticus metropolis

Somaticus spinosus Solier, 1843

Somaticus terricola

Somaticus vestitus

Somaticus wahlbergi Haag-Rutenberg, 1873

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Canada was the host nation for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, held from 17 July to 1 August 1976. 385 competitors, 261 men and 124 women, took part in 173 events in 23 sports.

For the first and, so far, only time in Summer Olympics history, the host nation failed to win a gold medal.

Lucille Lemay
Lucille Lemay (born 20 July 1950) is a Canadian archer.

Lemay competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics, where she finished 5th in the individual event, and at the 1984 Summer Olympics, where she finished 33rd in the individual event.

She won a bronze medal at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in the individual event.
Tullymoan
Tullymoan is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Strabane Lower and the civil parish of Urney and covers an area of 381 acres.

The name is thought to derive from the Irish: Tulaigh Móna, i.e. 'the mossy hill(s)'.

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:

Barony (county division)
A barony is an administrative division of a county in Scotland, Ireland, outlying parts of England and historically France and Sardinia. As a barony is associated to a Baron and a county to a Count or Earl, it has a lower rank and importance than a county.
Losing (Takida song)
"Losing" is a song by the Swedish rock band Takida and was the first single released from their debut album ...Make You Breathe. The song, which was released as a single on January 30, 2006, was co-produced by Takida and Patrik Frisk at Sidelake Studios in Sundsvall, Sweden.

Sundsvall
Sundsvall (Swedish: [ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval] ⓘ), or Sundsvall och Timrå is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. As of 2023, the city has a population of 70,918; nearly 100,000 live in the municipal area. It is Sweden's 17th largest city by population. The city is widely known for its stone buildings in the city centre, known as "Stenstaden".
MySQL AB
MySQL AB was a Swedish software company founded in 1995.  It was acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008, Sun was in turn acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010. MySQL AB is the creator of MySQL, a relational database management system, as well as related products such as MySQL Cluster. The company was dually headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden, and Cupertino, California, with offices in other countries (France (Paris), Germany (Munich), Ireland (Dublin), Italy (Milan), and Japan (Tokyo)).

MySQL AB had 400 employees in 25 countries, and Open-source model companies. Around 70% of the employees were remote workers.

Together with Linux, Apache, and PHP, the MySQL Server forms one of the building blocks of the LAMP technology stack. The company claimed over 5 million MySQL installations and over 10 million product downloads in 2004.

LAMP (software bundle)
A LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) is one of the most common software stacks for the web's most popular applications. Its generic software stack model has largely interchangeable components.

Each letter in the acronym stands for one of its four open-source building blocks

Linux for the operating system

Apache HTTP Server

MariaDB or MySQL for the relational database management system

Perl, PHP, or Python for the programming language

The components of the LAMP stack are present in the software repositories of most Linux distributions.
Ra Luhse
Ra Luhse (born August 30, 1964, in Pärnu) is an Estonian architect.

He studied in the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR (today's Estonian Academy of Arts) in the department of architecture. He graduated from the institute in 1987.

From 1987 to 1991 Ra Luhse worked in the Pärnu office of the design bureau EKE Projekt. From 1994 he works in the architectural bureau Luhse&Tuhal OÜ.

Notable works by Ra Luhse are the Concert Hall in Jõhvi, the Benedictine monastery in Pirita and apartment buildings in Pärnu and Rakvere. Ra Luhse is a member of the Union of Estonian Architects and a member of the board of the union.

Union of Estonian Architects
Union of Estonian Architects (or Estonian Association of Architects, EAA; Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Liit) organizes architects, landscape architects and architecture researchers.

EAA re-established 27 June 1989. EAA is a legal successor of Estonian Association of Architects, which was established on 8 October 1921.

Since 2010 the head of EAA is Peeter Pere.

Every year EAA gives out annual prize to Estonian architects or to Estonian architectural firms who have projected the most notable structure in the past year.

EAA publishes Newsletter of the Estonian Association of Architects. It is issued once or twice per year.
John T. Coughlin
John T. Coughlin (January 1, 1873–June 13, 1936) was an American politician who served as mayor of Fall River, Massachusetts.

Coughlin was born in Fall River on January 1, 1873, to Thomas and Margaret (Foley) Coughlin. One of Coughlin's cousins, John W. Coughlin, served as Fall River mayor from 1891 to 1894. Coughlin read law in the office of Hugh A. Dubuque and graduated from the Boston University School of Law in 1900.

In 1904, Coughlin defeated Fall River Mayor George Grime by 749 votes. In 1908 he was urged to run for Governor or Lieutenant Governor, but did not believe he was ready for a statewide race. He was a candidate in the 1909 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, but was defeated at the Democratic state convention by James H. Vahey 384 votes to 198. Coughlin did not run for reelection in 1910 and was succeeded by Thomas F. Higgins. Coughlin died on June 13, 1936, at Baker Memorial Hospital following an operation.

Reading law
Reading law was the primary method used in common law countries, particularly the United States, for people to prepare for and enter the legal profession before the advent of law schools. In Commonwealth countries, becoming an articled clerk was a similar practice.

It consisted of an extended internship or apprenticeship under the tutelage or mentoring of an experienced lawyer. The practice largely died out in the early 20th century. A few U.S. states, namely California, Maine, New York, Vermont, Virginia and Washington, still permit people to become lawyers by reading law instead of attending some or all of law school, although the practice is uncommon.

In this sense, "reading law" specifically refers to a means of entering the profession, although in England it is still customary to say that a university undergraduate is "reading" a course, which may be law or any other.
Combat Boat 2010
The Combat Boat 2010 also known as the "Stridsbåt NY" was a large coastal combat vessel designed to carry the  SSG120 dual 120 mm mortar system in order to provide naval gunfire support to the Swedish Amphibious Forces. Development began in 2005 and progressed until specifications and blueprints were largely finished. In 2008, Genomförandegruppen decided that Sweden would not be buying the AMOS mortar system, and the project was cancelled.

Swedish Amphibious Corps
The Amphibious Corps (Swedish: Amfibiekåren, Amf) is the marine infantry arm of the Swedish Navy, with an emphasis on coastal defence. It has its roots in the coastal artillery (Swedish: Kustartilleriet, KA) but after the end of the Cold War it was seen as too expensive and not needed anymore, and most of it was disbanded with only KA 1 and 4 being reorganised into Amf 1 and 4. Its amphibious special operations arm, Kustjägarna, has grown in significance while its coastal batteries have been decommissioned.
GD Manica
Grupo Desportivo de Manica is a traditional football club based in Manica Province, Mozambique, which currently competes in the Moçambola 2 and Manica Provincial League. The club was founded in 1980.  Desportivo Manica reached the Interprovincial Stage of the Taça de Moçambique in 2009. Desportivo Manica won three consecutive Manica Provincial League championships from 2006 to 2008.

Taça de Moçambique
The Taça de Moçambique, also known as Taça Moçambique (meaning Cup of Mozambique) is the second most important football competition of Mozambique, and it is organized by the Mozambican Football Federation. The competition's first edition was competed for in 1978.