hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Himalayan University
Himalayan University is a state private university in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The university was established to develop and uplift the economy through higher education to raise the literacy rate that make up especially the North Eastern part of India as well as all other parts of India. The University is accredited and recognized by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), Pharmacy Council of India (P.C.I), Bar Council of India (B.C.I), Rehabilitation Council of India (R.C.I) and is also a member of AIU, AIMA and the CII.

All India Management Association
All India Management Association (AIMA) is the national apex body of the management profession in India. A not-for-profit, non-lobbying organisation, working closely with Industry, Government, Academia and students to further the cause of the management profession in India. It has a membership base of over 38000 members and close to 6000 corporate /institutional members, through its 67 Local Management Associations.  It was established in 1957. Among its activities, AIMA conducts the Management Aptitude Test (MAT) for admission into Management Colleges across India, is represented in national forums and organisations and annual awards.
Michel Fragasso
Michel Fragasso (1888–1954), originally from Cerignola, in the province of Foggia in Italy was a Quebec engineer who participated in the design and production of several public infrastructures in Quebec, Canada. He had married Clara Taché, daughter of the architect Eugène-Étienne Taché who is the author of the plans of the Parliament of Quebec, the Armory of Quebec as well as the motto of Quebec: "I remember".

Foggia
Foggia (UK: /ˈfɒdʒə/, US: /ˈfoʊdʒə/; Italian: [ˈfɔddʒa] ⓘ; Foggiano: Fògge [ˈfɔddʒə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".
Rhodes Fairbridge
Rhodes Whitmore Fairbridge (21 May 1914 – 8 November 2006) was an Australian geologist and expert on climate change. His father was Kingsley Fairbridge.

Born in Pinjarra, Western Australia, Fairbridge graduated from Queen's University in Ontario and earned his master's degree from Oxford. In 1941, he earned a doctorate in geology from the University of Western Australia.

He taught at Columbia University from 1955 until his 1982 retirement. While there, he was supervising editor for the Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. In the early 1960s, he developed the so-called "Fairbridge Curve", a record of changes in sea levels over the last 10,000 years. In the 1980s Fairbridge wrote about climate's impact on the long-term evolution of shields and peneplains.

Fairbridge died in 2006 in Amagansett, New York of a brain tumor.

Shield (geology)
A shield is a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas. These rocks are older than 570 million years and sometimes date back to around 2 to 3.5 billion years. They have been little affected by tectonic events following the end of the Precambrian, and are relatively flat regions where mountain building, faulting, and other tectonic processes are minor, compared with the activity at their margins and between tectonic plates.
Shields occur on all continents.
So Cool (Sistar album)
So Cool is the debut studio album by South Korean girl group Sistar. It was released on August 9, 2011, by Starship Entertainment. The song of the same name was released as the title track. The album consists of 12 songs, 5 new songs and a special version of the song "Ma Boy", released by the sub-unit Sistar19. The album was also released worldwide through iTunes. Commercially, the album peaked at number 10 on the Gaon Album Chart and sold 22,315 physical copies as of February 2012.

Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment (Korean: 스타쉽 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013. It is called one of the "five major agencies" in the Korean music industry.

It has been recognized for its contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several prominent K-pop groups and soloists. These include groups such as Monsta X, WJSN, Cravity, Ive, KiiiKiii, and Idid and soloists such as K.Will and Brother Su, as well as formerly home to Sistar, Boyfriend, Junggigo, Mad Clown, Jooyoung, Soyou, Yoo Seung-woo, Jeong Se-woon, and DJ Soda. It also manages actors under King Kong by Starship.
Monoamine receptor
A monoamine receptor is a receptor for the monoamine neurotransmitters and/or trace amines, endogenous small-molecule signaling molecules with a monoamine structure. The monoamine receptors are almost all G protein-coupled receptors, with the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor being a notable exception as a ligand-gated ion channel. Monoamine receptors are the biological targets of many drugs; such drugs may be referred to as "monoaminergic".

Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function. Examples of common classes of biological targets are proteins and nucleic acids. The definition is context-dependent, and can refer to the biological target of a  pharmacologically active drug compound, the receptor target of a hormone (like insulin), or some other target of an external stimulus.  Biological targets are most commonly proteins such as enzymes, ion channels, and receptors, but in recent years DNA's and RNA's became more targeted than in the past.
Richard Turnbull (theologian)
Richard Duncan Turnbull (17 October 1960 – 26 November 2025) was an English theologian and clergyman in the Church of England. He was the Principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, an Evangelical Anglican theological college which is part of the University of Oxford from 2005 to 2012. From 2012 until 2025, he was the Director of The Centre For Enterprise, Markets and Ethics which he co-founded with Brian Griffiths.

General Synod of the Church of England
The General Synod is the tricameral deliberative and legislative organ of the Church of England. The synod was instituted in 1970, replacing the Church Assembly, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s.
SDF Public Access Unix System
Super Dimension Fortress (abbreviated as SDF, also known as freeshell.org) is a non-profit public access UNIX shell provider on the Internet. It has been in continual operation since 1987 as a non-profit social club. The name is derived from the Japanese anime series Super Dimension Fortress Macross; the original SDF server was a Bulletin board system created by Ted Uhlemann for fellow Japanese anime fans. From its BBS roots, which have been well documented as part of the BBS: The Documentary project, SDF has grown into a feature-rich provider serving members around the world.

Software feature
A feature is "a prominent or distinctive user-visible aspect, quality, or characteristic of a software system or systems", as defined by Kang et al. At the implementation level, "it is a structure that extends and modifies the structure of a given software in order to satisfy a stakeholder’s requirement, to implement and encapsulate a design decision, and to offer a configuration option", as defined by Apel et al.
Ian Pearson
Ian Phares Pearson (born 5 April 1959) is a British politician and former Member of Parliament from 1994 until 2010, representing Dudley West from 1994 to 1997 and then Dudley South from 1997 until 2010. He served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 2008 to 2010. Pearson is the chairman of EQTEC and a non-executive board member of Thames Water.

Parliamentary under-secretary of state
The parliamentary under-secretary of state (historically under-secretary of state or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a secretary of state) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a minister of state, which is itself junior to a secretary of state.
Ian Russell (rugby league)
Ian Russell (born 10 August 1965) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. Primarily a lock, he played for the Illawarra Steelers and North Queensland Cowboys in Australia, and for the Sheffield Eagles, Paris Saint-Germain and Oldham Bears in Europe.

Dally M Awards
The Dally M Awards are the official annual player awards for the National Rugby League competition. As well as honouring the player of the year, who received the Dally M Medal, awards are also given to the premier player in each position, the best coach, the best captain, representative player of the year and the most outstanding rookie of the season. The awards are named in honour of Australian former rugby league great Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger.
Cook Islands–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement
The Cook Islands – France Maritime Delimitation Agreement is a treaty in which the two states agreed to the delimitation of the maritime boundary between the Cook Islands and French Polynesia.

The treaty was signed at Rarotonga on 3 August 1990. The boundary is approximately 650 nautical miles long and is a modified equidistant line. The treaty defines the boundary using seven straight-line maritime segments defined by eight specific coordinate points.

The official name for the treaty is Agreement on Maritime Delimitation between the Government of the Cook Islands and the Government of the French Republic. It entered into force on the day it was signed.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
Frederick S. Barff
Frederick Settle Barff (6 October 1822 – 11 August 1886) was an English chemist, ecclesiastical decorator, and stained glass manufacturer, much interested in theology.

He is best known as a chemist, having invented several important preservation methods for a range of materials, including iron, stone, wood and foodstuffs. Several of his stained glass windows still survive throughout Ireland and the north of England.

A portrait photograph of Barff appears in The History of St Stanislaus College, Beaumont, published in 1911.

Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.
Colorado Predators
The Colorado Predators were an American soccer team, founded in 2007.

The indoor team was a member of the Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL), the development league for the Professional Arena Soccer League  (PASL-Pro), and played in the Rocky Mountain Conference against teams from Albuquerque NM, Rio Rancho NM, Colorado Springs CO, Windsor CO, Golden CO, and Fort Collins CO. In the Winter 2007/2008 season the Predators finished in 1st place in their conference. In the Summer 2008 season, the Predators again ended the season in 1st place in the Rocky Mountain Conference.

The Predators also had an outdoor team which, in 2008, was a provisional member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

They played their home matches at the Parker Fieldhouse in the city of Parker, Colorado. The indoor team's colors were red, black, white and gold.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Paper cartridge
A paper cartridge is one of various types of small arms ammunition used before the advent of the metallic cartridge.  These cartridges consisted of a paper cylinder or cone containing the bullet, gunpowder, and in some cases, a primer or a lubricating and anti-fouling agent. Combustible cartridges are paper cartridges that use paper treated with oxidizers to allow them to burn completely upon ignition.

Full metal jacket (ammunition)
A full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet is a small-arms projectile consisting of a soft core (often lead) encased in an outer shell ("jacket") of harder metal, such as gilding metal, cupronickel, or, less commonly, a steel alloy. A bullet jacket usually allows higher muzzle velocities than a lead alloy cast bullet without depositing significant amounts of metal in the bore. It also prevents damage to bores from hard steel or armor-piercing core materials.
SPG20
Spartin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPG20 gene.

This gene encodes a protein that contains a MIT (Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking molecule) domain. This protein may be involved in endosomal trafficking, microtubule dynamics, or both functions. Spartin loss has been associated to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired complex I activity and altered pyruvate metabolism. Frameshift mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome).
Troyer syndrome (SPG20) is a complicated type of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). HSP is a category of neurological disorder characterized by spasticity and muscle weakness in the lower limbs.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Brzeźnio
Brzeźnio [ˈbʐɛʑɲɔ] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brzeźnio. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Sieradz and 67 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
50 dalil mengapa Anwar tidak boleh jadi PM
50 dalil mengapa Anwar tidak boleh jadi PM or 50 Arguments Why Anwar Shouldn't Be Prime Minister is a book written by Khalid Jafri Bakar Shah. The book was first distributed at the 1998 United Malays National Organisation General Assembly, highlighting reasons why Anwar Ibrahim should not be the prime minister. Anwar, in high court, claimed officers from the Prime Minister's Office distributed the book in their official capacity at the World Trade Centre Kuala Lumpur. Prior to the distribution of the book, Anwar was the subject of allegations relating to his homosexual activities, sodomy and abuse of power. He later was sacked by Tun Mahathir Mohamad from the cabinet and UMNO over allegations of sodomy.

Sodomy
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/), also called buggery in British English, principally refers to either anal sex (but occasionally also oral sex) between people, or any sexual activity between a human and another animal (bestiality). It may also mean any non-procreative sexual activity (including manual sex). Originally the term sodomy, which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite, a pejorative term.
J. T. Gray
Juantavius Tavon "J. T." Gray (born January 18, 1996) is an American professional football safety and special teamer for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs, and has previously played in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints, for whom he was named a Pro Bowler in 2021. He has also played for the Denver Broncos.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
National University of Pakistan
The National University of Pakistan (NUP) is a university in Islamabad, Pakistan. The creation of this university was made possible by the passing of the National University of Pakistan Bill in 2023. The bill was presented in the National Assembly by Murtaza Javed Abbasi Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, on behalf of Khawaja Muhammad Asif Minister for Defence. On 20 April 2023, Arif Alvi gave his approval to the bill.

On 28 July 2023, the National Assembly approved the establishment of the National University of Pakistan along with 25 other universities and educational institutes. This decision drew criticism from the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), Noor Alam Khan, who raised concerns about the quality of education being provided in universities, especially those in the private sector.

Arif Alvi
Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi (born 29 July 1949) is a Pakistani politician and former dentist who served as the 13th president of Pakistan from September 2018 to March 2024. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2013 until being elected president in 2018. Alvi entered politics in 1979 by joining Jamaat-e-Islami, but later resigned and became one of the founding members of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.

Alvi was elected to the National Assembly, from NA-250 Karachi-XII in 2013 and was re-elected in 2018 from NA-247 Karachi South-II. He was later nominated as the PTI's candidate for the presidential election. He was elected as the 13th President of Pakistan after defeating Fazal-ur-Rehman and Aitzaz Ahsan, after which he resigned from the National Assembly and was sworn into office on 9 September 2018, succeeding Mamnoon Hussain.
Mt. Pisgah State Park
Mt. Pisgah State Park is a 1,302-acre (527 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Smithfield, Springfield, Troy and West Burlington townships, Bradford County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is located almost exactly halfway between Troy and Towanda, along Pennsylvania State Route 3019, near U.S. Route 6, at the base of Mt. Pisgah. The park is bordered by Mill Creek, Mt. Pisgah County Park and State Game Land 289. Mill Creek which flows through the park has been dammed and forms Stephen Foster Lake a 75-acre (30 ha) man-made lake.

Springfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Springfield Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,147 at the 2020 census. Children residing in the township are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District.
Linwood Historic District (Linwood, Maryland)
Linwood Historic District is a national historic district at Linwood, Carroll County, Maryland, United States.  The district includes a mixture of railway structures (grain elevator, freight station, site of demolished Western Maryland Railway station), community structures (general stores, post office, church, Sunday School hall/schoolhouse, site of blacksmith shop) and residences with rural dependencies (smokehouses, ice houses, windmills, sub-cellars). They date to the 19th and early-20th century and most structures relate to Linwood's role as a rail depot for the transportation of farm goods and supplies.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Goods station
A goods station (also known as a goods yard or goods depot) or freight station is, in the widest sense, a railway station where, either exclusively or predominantly, goods (or freight), such as merchandise, parcels, and manufactured items, are loaded onto or unloaded from ships or road vehicles and/or where goods wagons are transferred to local sidings.

A station where goods are not specifically received or dispatched but simply transferred on their way to their destination between the railway and another means of transport, such as ships or lorries, may be referred to as a transshipment station. This often takes the form of a container terminal and may also be known as a container station.

Goods stations were more widespread in the days when the railways were common carriers and were often converted from former passenger stations whose traffic had moved elsewhere.