hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Private investment in public equity
A private investment in public equity, commonly known as a PIPE deal, involves selling of publicly traded common shares or some form of preferred stock or convertible security to private investors. It is an allocation of shares in a public company not through a public offering in a stock exchange. PIPE deals are part of the primary market. In the U.S., a PIPE offering may be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on a registration statement or may be completed as an unregistered private placement.

Primary market
The primary market is the part of the capital market that deals with the issuance and sale of securities to purchasers directly by the issuer, with the issuer being paid the proceeds. A primary market means the market for new issues of securities, as distinguished from the secondary market, where previously issued securities are bought and sold. A market is primary if the proceeds of sales go to the issuer of the securities sold. Buyers buy securities that were not previously traded.
Mamykin
Mamykin (Russian: Мамыкин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Mamykina. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Mamykin (1936–2011), Russian football player and coach

Matvey Mamykin (born 1994), Russian cyclist

Matvey Mamykin
Matvey Vyacheslavovich Mamykin (Russian: Матвей Вячеславович Мамыкин; born 31 October 1994) is a Russian cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team Nippo–Provence–PTS Conti. Born in Moscow, Mamykin was named in the startlist for the 2016 Vuelta a España and the start list for the 2017 Giro d'Italia.
Felsenau Power Plant
The Felsenau power plant (German: Kraftwerk Felsenau) is a hydroelectric power plant located on the river Aar in Bern, Switzerland. It was built in 1909 by the city's utility company, Energie Wasser Bern. After a 1989 modernisation, the turbine hall is now used as a museum. The plant's current power output is 11.5 megawatts.

The main building was designed by Eduard Locher and Alfred Brunschwyler in a then-popular historicising style as a "palace of technology". The 1989 expansion is by Vladimir Grossen and Bea Baumann.

Aare
The Aare (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɛ] ⓘ) or Aar (Swiss Standard German: [aːr] ⓘ) is the main tributary of the High Rhine (its discharge even exceeds that of the latter at their confluence) and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.

Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 kilometres (183 mi), during which distance it descends 1,565 m (5,135 ft), draining an area of 17,779 km2 (6,865 sq mi), almost entirely within Switzerland, and accounting for close to half the area of the country, including all of Central Switzerland.

There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare.

The river's name dates to at least the La Tène period, and it is attested as Nantaror "Aare valley" in the Berne zinc tablet.

The name was Latinized as Arula/Arola/Araris.
Abdoulkarim Goukoye
Abdoulkarim Goukoye (8 July 1964 – 8 November 2021) was a Nigerien militant and politician. He took part in the 2010 Nigerien coup d'état, which deposed President Mamadou Tandja. Following the coup's success, he became spokesperson for the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy under Salou Djibo.

Salou Djibo
Salou Djibo (born 15 April 1965) is a Nigerien Army officer. After President Mamadou Tandja's attempts to remain in power beyond his term, Djibo led the military coup of 18 February 2010 that ousted Tandja, after which he became the head of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy. The Supreme Council returned power to a new civil government after the 2011 elections.
Ramsbury Rural District
51°26′35″N 1°36′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.443°N 1.605°W﻿ / 51.443; -1.605
Ramsbury was a rural district in Wiltshire, England from 1894 to 1934 around the village of Ramsbury.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from that part of the Hungerford rural sanitary district that was in Wiltshire. It was abolished in 1934 under a County Review Order and merged into the Marlborough and Ramsbury Rural District.

Hungerford
Hungerford is a historic market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) west of Newbury, 9 miles (14 km) east of Marlborough, and 60 miles (97 km) west of London. The population of the parish at the 2021 census was 5,869.

The Kennet and Avon Canal passes through the town alongside the River Dun, a major tributary of the River Kennet. The confluence with the Kennet is to the north of the centre, whence canal and river both continue east. Hungerford railway station is a minor stop on the Reading to Taunton Line.
Modulus (algebraic number theory)
In mathematics, in the field of algebraic number theory, a modulus (plural moduli) (or cycle, or extended ideal) is a formal product of places of a global field (i.e. an algebraic number field or a global function field).  It is used to encode ramification data for abelian extensions of a global field.

Graduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) (ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag.  The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard size (with variable numbers of pages).  The GTM series is easily identified by a white band at the top of the book.

The books in this series tend to be written at a more advanced level than the similar Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level.
Admah
According to the Bible, Admah (Heb. אַדְמָה) was one of the five cities of the Vale of Siddim. It was destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. It is supposed by William F. Albright to be the same as the "Adam" of Joshua 3:16. The location of Admah is unknown, although Bryant G. Wood a proponent of the southern theory for the Cities of the Plain identified the site with Numeira, but later changed it to Khirbat al-Khanazir Jordan, although it was only a cemetery during the Bronze Age  and proponents of the northern theory for the Cities of the Plain identify the site with Tel Nimrin, Jordan.

The town is mentioned figuratively in the Bible, in Deuteronomy and Book of Hosea.

There has also been some conjecture that Admah is mentioned in the Ebla tablets as the Eblaite word "ad-ma" or "ad-mu-utki" = (Town of) Admah.

Ebla tablets
The Ebla tablets are a collection of as many as 1,800 complete clay tablets, 4,700 fragments, and many thousands of minor chips found in the palace archives of the ancient city of Ebla, Syria. The tablets were discovered by Italian archaeologist Paolo Matthiae and his team in 1974–75 during their excavations at the ancient city at Tell Mardikh. The tablets, which were found in situ on collapsed shelves, retained many of their contemporary clay tags to help reference them. They all date to the period between c. 2500 BC and the destruction of the city c. 2250 BC. Today, the tablets are held in museums in the Syrian cities of Aleppo, Damascus, and Idlib.
Cedar Creek (Deep River tributary, Moore)
Cedar Creek is a 5.62 mi (9.04 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Deep River in Moore, Randolph, and Chatham Counties, North Carolina.  This stream is one of two streams named Cedar Creek on the left bank of the Deep River.  The other Cedar Creek has its confluence in Chatham County.

Moore County, North Carolina
Moore County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 99,727. Its county seat is Carthage and its largest community Pinehurst. It is a border county between the Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

In the early years, the economy was dependent on agriculture and lumber. The lumber business expanded after railroads reached the area, improving access to markets. It lies at the northern edge of the area known as the Sandhills region, and developed resorts in the late 19th century, aided by railroads.

Since the early 21st century, Moore County comprises the Pinehurst-Southern Pines, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Moore County is a part of the Fayetteville-Lumberton-Pinehurst, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 693,299 in 2023, making it the 75th-largest CSA in the United States.
Les Promenades Gatineau
Les Promenades Gatineau is a major shopping centre located in Canada's National Capital Region in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. The mall is in the intersection of Gréber and Maloney Boulevards, one of the city's busiest intersections, and is just off Autoroute 50. It is the city's largest shopping mall by retail space and by shoppers.

Marshalls
Marshalls, Inc. is an American chain of off-price department stores owned by TJX. Marshalls has over 1,000 American stores, including larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store (stores operating with HomeGoods combined), covering 49 states and Puerto Rico, and 61 stores in Canada. Marshalls first expanded into Canada in March 2011.

Marshalls is one of the largest U.S. off-price family apparel and home fashion retailers, along with its sister company, TJ Maxx. Its slogan is "Get the good stuff".
Frederick Gough, 4th Baron Calthorpe
Frederick Gough, 4th Baron Calthorpe (14 June 1790 – 2 May 1868), known as Hon. Frederick Gough-Calthorpe until 1851, of Elvetham Hall, Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, was a British peer and Member of Parliament.

He was born the 4th son of Henry Gough-Calthorpe, 1st Baron Calthorpe, and succeeded his elder brother (the youngest of his three elder brothers to die before him) as the 4th Baronet in 1851.

He was elected Member of Parliament for Hindon in 1818, holding the seat until 1826. He was then elected to represent Bramber from 1826 to 1831.  In 1845 he changed his surname by royal licence from Gough-Calthorpe to Gough. He was appointed High Sheriff of Staffordshire for 1848–1849 (the family also owned Perry Hall in Perry Barr, then in Staffordshire).

Hindon (UK Parliament constituency)
Hindon was a parliamentary borough consisting of the village of Hindon in Wiltshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1448 until the borough was abolished by the Reform Act 1832. It was one of the most notoriously corrupt of the rotten boroughs, and bills to disfranchise Hindon were debated in Parliament on two occasions before its eventual abolition.
Hwang Kyung Koh
Hwang Kyung Koh (Korean: 고황경; Hanja: 高凰京; 1909–2000) was the founder and first President of Seoul Women's University. She is also known by her art name Bahrom, which means "to live right".

Koh's father was a physician and professor at Severance Medical College (now the medical school of Yonsei University). She studied at Ewha Womans College and Doshisha Women's College in Japan before completing her doctorate at Michigan State University.

Koh established Seoul Women's University in 1961 to provide educational opportunities to the women of Korea.

Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts (同志社女子大学, Dōshisha joshi daigaku) is a private women's college in Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1876, and it was chartered as a university in 1949.
Pléiades (satellite)
The Pléiades constellation is composed of two very-high-resolution optical Earth-imaging satellites. Pléiades-1A and Pléiades-1B provide the coverage of Earth's surface with a repeat cycle of 26 days. Designed as a dual civil/military system, Pléiades will meet the space imagery requirements of European defence as well as civil and commercial needs.

Kourou
Kourou (/kuːˈruː/ koo-ROO; French pronunciation: [kuʁu]) is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France in South America. Kourou is famous for being the location of the Guiana Space Centre, the main spaceport of France and the European Space Agency (ESA). It is an administrative district in French Guiana and the main town there.
Mario Tosi
Mario Tosi (May 11, 1935 – November 11, 2021) was an Italian-American painter, cinematographer and cameraman.

Tosi's works include The Killing Kind (1973), Report to the Commissioner (1975), Carrie (1976), and Sybil (1976), for which he was nominated for an Emmy. Tosi was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2009 Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival.

Report to the Commissioner
Report to the Commissioner is a 1975 American crime drama film based on James Mills' 1972 novel. It involves a rookie cop (Michael Moriarty) in the New York City Police Department who is assigned a special missing person case, which in fact is meant to be a wild-goose chase to back up an undercover female police officer's role as the girlfriend of a drug dealer.

The film was directed by Milton Katselas and features a musical score by Elmer Bernstein. The script is by two Oscar-winning screenwriters, Abby Mann (Judgment at Nuremberg) and Ernest Tidyman (The French Connection). It marked Richard Gere's film debut.
Muagututia
Muagututia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Faauuga Muagututia (born 1958), American Samoan bobsledder

Garrett Muagututia (born 1988), American volleyball player

Halakilangi Muagututia (born 1978), American football player

Richard Muagututia (born 1988), Samoan rugby union player

Halakilangi Muagututia
Halakilangi Muagututia (born June 28, 1978) is an American former professional football defensive back who played in the Arena Football League (AFL) and XFL. He played college football at Mt. San Antonio College and the University of Texas at El Paso.
Bessie the Heifer
"Bessie The Heifer" is an American country-western novelty song written by Jimmy Dickens and Boudleaux Bryant. Performed by Dickens, the song was released by Columbia in 1951 (Columbia 20786). The song was one of Billboard magazine's Country And Western Disk Jockey Picks shortly after it was released. The song has been performed by other musicians such as Wayne Newton and Grant Rogers.  Newton sang the song on a 1965 episode of The Lucy Show, "Lucy Discovers Wayne Newton."

The song (and a parody of it called "Melvin the Mollusk") was performed many times at The Adventurers Club in Downtown Disney at Walt Disney World.

Disney Springs
Disney Springs is an outdoor shopping, dining, and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando.

First opened on March 22, 1975 as Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village, it has been expanded and rebranded over the years as Walt Disney World Village (1977), Disney Village Marketplace (1989), and Downtown Disney (1997), becoming Disney Springs in 2015. A similar complex is being developed on the opposite side of Walt Disney World called Flamingo Crossings.

The 120-acre (49 ha) complex includes four distinct areas: Marketplace, The Landing, Town Center, and West Side. Buses and water taxis operated by Disney Transport provide transportation between Disney Springs and other areas of Walt Disney World.
North End AFC
North End are a football club from New Zealand based in the Palmerston North. Its home ground is at Memorial Park, and they have played in the Central Federation League since in 2018.

North End has competed for the Chatham Cup since 1977, reaching the fourth round twice in 2007 and 2009.

2009 Chatham Cup
The 2009 Chatham Cup is New Zealand's 82nd knockout football competition.

The 2009 competition had a preliminary round, a qualification round, and four rounds proper before quarter-finals, semi-finals, and a final. In all, 130 teams took part in the 2009 competition.
Pennsylvania Senate, District 27
Pennsylvania State Senate District 27 includes part of Luzerne County and all of Columbia County, Montour County, Northumberland County,  and Snyder County. It is currently represented by Republican Lynda Schlegel Culver.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Mekoni
Mekoni, also Mehoni (Ge'ez: መኾኒ or መሆኒ), is a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. "Mekoni" (pronounced as 'Me-koni') is located at 657 km north of Addis Ababa along Ethiopian Highway 2 which runs to Mekelle  (the capital city of Tigray region), Adigrat, Aksum, Shire and Humera with an altitude of 2479 m.

Shire, Ethiopia
Shire (Tigrinya: ሽረ, Shuh-ruh; Amharic: ሽሬ, Shuh-ré), also known as Shire Inda Selassie (Tigrinya: ሽረ እንዳ ሥላሴ, meaning "House of the Trinity"), is a city and separate woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The city is the administrative center of the Shire Awraja, Mi erabawi Zoba and now Semien Mi'irabawi Zone. It was part of Tahtay Koraro district.
I Found the Gown
I Found the Gown is an American wedding dress shop reality series airing on TLC as part of that network's Friday evening "wedding block" of programming. The series films at "VOWS Bridal Outlet", a discount wedding dress shop in Watertown, Massachusetts in suburban Boston which has existed since 1992.

Watertown, Massachusetts
Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, part of Greater Boston. The population was 35,329 in the 2020 census. Its neighborhoods include Bemis, Coolidge Square, East Watertown, Watertown Square, and the West End.

Watertown was one of the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements organized by Puritan settlers in 1630. The city is home to the Perkins School for the Blind, the Armenian Library and Museum of America, and the historic Watertown Arsenal, which produced military armaments from 1816 through World War II.
Herbal distillate
Herbal distillates, also known as floral waters, flower waters, hydrosols, hydrolates, herbal waters, and essential waters, are aqueous products of hydrodistillation. They are colloidal suspensions of essential oils as well as water-soluble components obtained by steam distillation or hydrodistillation (a variant of steam distillation) from plants and herbs. These herbal distillates have uses as flavorings and cosmetics. Common herbal distillates for skincare include rose water, orange flower water, and witch hazel. Rosemary, oregano, and thyme are hydrosols that may be used in food manufacturing industries.

Skin care
Skin care or skincare is the practice of maintaining and improving the health and appearance of the skin. It includes washing, moisturizing, protecting from the sun, and treating skin problems like acne and dryness.

Skin care is at the interface of cosmetics and dermatology. Skin care differs from dermatology by its inclusion of non-physician professionals, such as estheticians and nursing staff. Skin care includes modifications of individual behavior and of environmental and working conditions. Skin care is applied during recovery from wound healing, radiation therapy, and the management of some medications.

Skin care needs vary according to age, diseases, wounds, exposure to the sun, environmental extremes, and chemicals. Skin care products exist as regulated prescription drugs and as topical agents marketed as cosmetics but having no clinical proof of efficacy. A skin care physician is called a dermatologist.
John Coke (East India Company officer)
Major-General Sir John Coke KCB JP DL (pronounced Cook; 17 November 1806 – 17 December 1897) of the 10th Regiment Bengal Native Infantry was a soldier of the East India Company Army, who raised in 1849 the 1st Regiment of Punjab Infantry, renamed in 1903 55th Coke's Rifles. Major-General Coke received the Delhi medal and clasp, and was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. He was Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for the county of Herefordshire, and was High Sheriff of Herefordshire for 1879.

Kohat
Kohat (Urdu and Hindko: کوہاٹ; Pashto: کوهاټ) is a city in Pakistan that serves as the capital of the Kohat District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. With a population of over 220,000 people, the city is the fourth most populous in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the 35th most populous in Pakistan. Kohat's immediate environs were the site of frequent armed skirmishes between British colonial forces and local tribesmen in the mid to late 19th century. The city is centred on a British-era fort, various bazaars, and a military cantonment. Pashto and the Kohati dialect of Hindko are the main languages spoken in Kohat.

The city of Kohat is also the namesake of and largest city in the Kohat Division, being over four times larger than the second-largest city in the division: Karak.
Hakudō Kobayashi
Hakudō Kobayashi (小林はくどう, Kobayashi Hakudō; July 2, 1944)  is a Tokyo-based artist working in video and sculpture. He is best known for his work as a promoter of citizen video work. Kobayashi is also Representative Director of the NPO Shimin ga Tsukuru TVF (Community-made TVF) which runs the annual Tokyo Video Festival. He taught at Seian University of Art and Design from 1992-2010.

Fujiko Nakaya
Fujiko Nakaya (中谷 芙二子, Nakaya Fujiko; born 15 May 1933) is a Japanese artist, a member of Experiments in Art and Technology, and a promoter, supporter, and practitioner of Japanese video art. She is best known for her fog sculptures.
Qiandao Lake
Qiandao Lake (simplified Chinese: 千岛湖; traditional Chinese: 千島湖; pinyin: Qiāndǎo Hú; lit. 'Thousand Island Lake') is a man-made freshwater lake located in Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. It was formed in 1959 following the completion of the Xin'an River hydroelectric station.

Qiantang River
The Qiantang River, formerly known as the Hangchow River or Tsientang River, is a river in East China. An important commercial artery, it runs for 459 kilometers (285 mi) through Zhejiang, passing through the provincial capital Hangzhou before flowing into the East China Sea via Hangzhou Bay south of Shanghai. Its original name, the "Zhe River" or "Zhe Jiang", is the origin of the name of Zhejiang province. The river is also known, along with Hangzhou Bay, for having what is called by locals as the "Silver Dragon",  the world's largest tidal bore, a phenomenon where the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) that can rise to a height of 9 meters (30 ft) and travels up the river or narrow bay at top speeds of 40 km/h (25 mph; 11 m/s) against the direction of the river or bay's current, and can be seen from miles away.
Scantrust
Scantrust is a Swiss company that provides enterprise software for product authentication and supply chain traceability.

Scantrust offers traceability for various industries, such as  luxury goods, food products, industrial machines, water filters, cables, agrochemical products, and fiscal stamps. Nathan J. Anderson is the CEO.

Hyperledger
Hyperledger (or the Hyperledger Project) is an umbrella project of open source blockchains and related tools that the Linux Foundation started in December 2015. IBM, Intel, and SAP Ariba have contributed to support the collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. It was renamed the Hyperledger Foundation in October 2021. In September 2024, Hyperledger Foundation and Trust Over IP Foundation became part of the newly launched Linux Foundation Decentralized Trust.