hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caulerpa simpliciuscula
Caulerpa simpliciuscula is a species of seaweed in the Caulerpaceae family.

The seaweed has a slender stolon and medium to dark green fronds that typically grow to 4 to 30 centimetres (1.6 to 11.8 in) in height with a width of 3 to 5 millimetres (0.12 to 0.20 in).

The species is found in rock pools and the upper sublittoral zones in rough seas. In Western Australia, it is found along the coast in the Mid West region extending south to the South West. It is also found in South Australia Victoria and Tasmania.

Stolon
In biology, a stolon (/ˈstoʊlɒn/ ⓘ from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as a runner, is a horizontal connection between parts of an organism. It may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton. Typically, animal stolons are exoskeletons (external skeletons).
Lacen
Lacen or Lačen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Lacen (1950–2004), American musician

Medhi Lacen (born 1984), Algerian footballer

Nataša Lačen (born 1971), Slovene cross country skier

Nataša Lačen
Nataša Lačen (born 3 December 1971 in Črna na Koroškem) is a Slovenian cross country skier who competed from 1993 to 2003. Her best World Cup finish was 12th twice with one each in 2001 and in 2002.

Lačen also competed in two Winter Olympics, earning her best finish of ninth in the 4 × 5 km relay at Salt Lake City in 2002. Her best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 17th in the 30 km event at Val di Fiemme in 2003.
Rupert Deese
Rupert Deese (born Rupert Julian Deese and known as Rummy) (July 16, 1924 – July 12, 2010) was an American ceramic artist.  He is known for innovative design and decoration of high fired ceramics.  Deese wrote "It is my hope in making these vessels that as the perception of their beauty diminishes over time, they will sustain themselves by pleasant usefulness."

American Museum of Ceramic Art
The American Museum of Ceramic Art (AMOCA) is an art museum for ceramic art, located in Pomona, California.  Founded in 2003 as a nonprofit organization, the museum exhibits historic and contemporary ceramic artwork from both its permanent collection of 10,000 objects and through temporary rotating exhibitions.
Heckler & Koch AG36
The AG36 is a single-shot 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher that operates on the high-low system and was designed primarily for installation on the G36 assault rifle, designed by the German weapons manufacturing company Heckler & Koch of Oberndorf am Neckar. It originally appeared as Heckler & Koch's candidate for the US Army's Enhanced Grenade Launcher requirement, evaluated for use with the XM8 and FN SCAR rifles. As is commonly mistaken, the "A" is not an addition to the name "G36", which is short for Gewehr 36, but is in fact an abbreviation of the German Anbaugranatwerfer, literally meaning "attached grenade launcher" and the 36 coming from the name of the primary weapon it was designed to enhance – the G36. It can also be used dismounted, with a stock attached as a stand-alone model, or a LLM01 laser light module can be attached to it.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.
Carl Kühne KG
Carl Kühne KG is a German food manufacturer which mainly produces vinegars and delicacies. As one of the largest vinegar, pickled gherkin and mustard producers in Europe, the family-owned business sells its products in over 50 countries. Kühne produces a range of condiments, salad dressings, pickled foods and sauces. In addition to its products for the end consumer, Kühne also supplies the gastronomy and food industries. Two-thirds of their sales are generated in Germany and one third abroad. Its products are distributed to the fast food and food sectors in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
West Silver Bell Mountains
The West Silver Bell Mountains are a small 10 mile (16 km) long mountain range of south-central Arizona, United States. The range lies in the north-central arid Sonoran Desert; the Madrean Sky Islands region of southeast Arizona, around Tucson is adjacent to the southeast.

The range lies mostly in Pima County with only the northernmost end extending into southern Pinal County
The range lies 25 mi west of Marana, and 25 mi south of Eloy–Casa Grande, all cities on Interstate 10 in Arizona. Casa Grande also begins the west route of Interstate 8 to Yuma and San Diego.

Interstate 10 in Arizona
In the U.S. state of Arizona, Interstate 10 (I‑10), the major east–west Interstate Highway in the United States Sun Belt, runs east from California, enters Arizona near the town of Ehrenberg and continues through Phoenix and Tucson and exits at the border with New Mexico near San Simon. The highway also runs through the cities of Casa Grande, Eloy, and Marana. Segments of the highway are referred to as either the Papago Freeway, Inner Loop, or Maricopa Freeway within the Phoenix area and the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway outside metro Phoenix.
Mariannelund
Mariannelund is a locality situated in Hässleby parish in Eksjö Municipality, Jönköping County, in the region of Småland, Sweden with 1,468 inhabitants in 2010. Mariannelund grew considerably in the beginning of the 20th century. Heavy industry dominated the town for many years. Since the large paper factory was dismantled in the 1970s, Mariannelund has more and more become a centre for tourism.

Mariannelund is prominently featured in several films based on the works of Swedish author Astrid Lindgren, particularly the Emil in Lönneberga series. The town is also home to Filmbyn Småland, a film museum and theme park dedicated to Lindgren’s classic children’s films.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Perry–Robertson formula
The Perry–Robertson formula is a mathematical formula which is able to produce a good approximation of buckling loads in long slender columns or struts, and is the basis for the buckling formulation adopted in EN 1993.  
The formula in question can be expressed in the following form:

with

where:

is the average longitudinal stress in the beam's cross section

is the material's elastic limit

is the average tension measured in the cross section which correspond to the beam's Euler load

the amplitude of the initial geometrical imperfection

distance from the cross section's centroid to the section's most stressed fiber

the section's radius of gyration

Robertson then proposed that , where  represents the beam's slenderness.

Centroid
In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the mean position of all the points in the figure. The same definition extends to any object in -dimensional Euclidean space.

In geometry, one often assumes uniform mass density, in which case the barycenter or center of mass coincides with the centroid. Informally, it can be understood as the point at which a cutout of the shape (with uniformly distributed mass) could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin.

In physics, if variations in gravity are considered, then a center of gravity can be defined as the weighted mean of all points weighted by their specific weight.

In geography, the centroid of a radial projection of a region of the Earth's surface to sea level is the region's geographical center.
Urpish
Urpish (Quechua) is an archaeological site in Peru located in the Huánuco Region, Huamalíes Province, Jircan District. It is situated above the village of Urpish at a height of about 3,474 metres (11,398 ft). The site with 6 m (20 ft) to 8 m (26 ft) high rectangular stone structures is surrounded by an 8 m (26 ft) to 10 m (33 ft) high wall. Some of the stony walls are covered with petroglyphs showing spiral figures and human faces.

Department of Huánuco
Huánuco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwanuko]; Quechua: Wanuku) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali departments in the north, Ucayali to the east, Pasco to the south and Lima and Ancash to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huánuco.

Huánuco has a rugged topography, comprising parts of the Sierra and the High Jungle (mountain rim) regions. Being equidistant from the north and the south of the country, it has the privilege of having a mild weather with an average annual temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).

This region is important for its geographical location, history, and for the richness of its land, where the presence of man goes back to ancient times. El Hombre de Lauricocha (Man of Lauricocha) is among the most distinctive examples, dating from 10,000 BC, as well as Kotosh, where vestiges of the oldest settlement in the Americas (4200 BC) took place.
Frances Wall
Frances Wall  is a British geochemist who is a professor of applied mineralogy at the Camborne School of Mines at the University of Exeter. She is a president of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Wall is an expert in geology and process mineralogy of rare-earth elements.

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland (now known as the Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland) was founded in 1876. Its main purpose is to disseminate scientific knowledge of the Mineral Sciences (mineralogy) as it may be applied to the fields of crystallography, geochemistry, petrology, environmental science and economic geology. In support of this vision, the society publishes scientific journals, books and monographs. It also organizes and sponsors scientific meetings, and the society connects with other societies which have similar scientific interests. Some of these other societies are the International Mineralogical Association, the European Mineralogical Union, the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geological Society of London, IOM3, the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers and the Microbiology Society.
Jean-Marie de Bancalis de Maurel, marquis d'Aragon
Jean-Marie de Bancalis de Maurel, marquis d'Aragon (born 1732 at Pruines; died 1795 at Carcassonne) was a French diplomat and aristocrat of the Ancien Régime.

The son of Pierre de Bancalis (1691-1761), he inherited the estate and lordship of Aragon, in 1758, from his maternal uncle, Jean-Marie de Maurel (on condition he assumed the additional name and arms de Maurel).

He served briefly as French Ambassador to the Court of St James's but was recalled to Paris by the Revolutionary Government and, although he was not guillotined, he was imprisoned.

He married, in 1761, Marchioness Henriette née de Portes de Pardaillan, who predeceased him; he died shortly after his release from prison in 1795.

The family was stripped of its ancestral estates by the Republicans, although the titular marquisate devolved upon his son Jean-Louis-Henri de Bancalis de Maurel (whose daughter Ida married Joseph-Léonard, vicomte Decazes); the title remains extant.

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
K. Achuthan
K. Achuthan is a member of 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He belongs to Indian National Congress and represents Chittur constituency. He was previously elected to Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011.

Chittur-Thathamangalam
Chittur-Thathamangalam is a town and municipality in the Palakkad district of Kerala State, India. It is the headquarters of Chittur taluk, 13 km (8.1 mi) southeast of Palakkad, on the banks of the Kannadipuzha, a major headstream of the Bharathapuzha, the second-longest river in Kerala. A mini civil station is also located here, which provides government-related services. It consists of two areas, Chittur and Thathamangalam, which together form the municipality.
Camp Guild
Camp Guild is a former World War I mobilization camp that existed in 1917 in Boxford, Massachusetts. It was named for Curtis Guild Jr., the governor of Massachusetts (1906–1909). Established in World War I and used for an unspecified time thereafter for mustering Massachusetts National Guard troops. In 1926 Camp Curtis Guild was acquired and named by the Commonwealth at another location, thus this camp was presumably defunct by then.

Boxford, Massachusetts
Boxford is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town's population was 8,203 in 2020.

The original town center of Boxford, along with East Boxford and other areas in the eastern part of the town, comprise the census-designated place of Boxford.
DeButts
DeButts, sometimes spelt as deButts or De Butts, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augustus De Butts (1770–1853), British Royal Engineer officer

Elisha De Butts (1773–1831), American physician

John D. deButts (1915–1986), American businessman

Harry A. deButts (d. 1983), American businessman

Henry De Butts, United States Army captain

Samuel DeButts, American physician

Freddie De Butts, British Brigadier and diplomat

Augustus De Butts
General Sir Augustus De Butts KCH (1770 – 28 November 1853) was an officer in the Royal Engineers. De Butts served during the French Revolutionary Wars, fighting in the Siege of Toulon, the Siege of Bastia, and the Siege of Calvi.
German submarine U-3505
German submarine U-3505 was a Type XXI submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The U-boat was laid down on 9 July 1944 at the Schichau-Werke yard at Danzig, launched on 25 August 1944, and commissioned on 7 October 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Horst Willner.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Hedwig Tam
Hedwig Tam Sin-yin (Chinese: 談善言; born 29 March 1990) is a Hong Kong actress. She received a nomination for Best New Performer in the 36th Hong Kong Film Awards for her debut role in Weeds on Fire (2016), and gained recognition for her breakout role as Chong Wai in the ViuTV series Warriors Within (2020–2024). Tam also starred in the films The First Girl I Loved (2021), Hong Kong Family (2022), and Smashing Frank (2025). In 2025, she won Best Actress in the 31st Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards for her performance in Montages of a Modern Motherhood (2024).

Stanley Yau
Stanley Yau Sze-chun (Chinese: 邱士縉; born 20 August 1990) is a Hong Kong singer, dancer, actor, and a member of the Hong Kong boy group Mirror. Apart from his group activities, Stanley has starred in television dramas, such as Ossan's Love (2021) and Into the Wild (2022).
Heaven Help You Now
"Heaven Help You Now" is the eighth solo single from former Josef K vocalist Paul Haig.  It was released by Les Disques Du Crepuscule in September 1985.

The single was co-produced with former Associates instrumentalist Alan Rankine.

Alan Rankine
Alan Rankine (17 May 1958 – 2 January 2023) was a Scottish musician and record producer best known as keyboardist and guitarist for rock band the Associates, which he co-founded with lead vocalist Billy Mackenzie in the late 1970s.
Great Livermere
Great Livermere is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. It is four miles north-east of the borough's largest town, Bury St Edmunds.

Great Livermere also has a village hall located six miles from Bury St Edmunds, where meetings and other functions are often held for the village. Great Livermere has a small population of 226, according to the 2011 census; 103 males and 123 females are recorded. As seen from the population graph, the village's population has fluctuated rapidly; from 1850 to 1950, the population decreased rapidly, but since the 1950s, the population has steadily risen.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Niagara Gorge Railroad
The Niagara Gorge Railroad (forming part of the Great Gorge Route) was an interurban railway which ran at the bottom of the Niagara Gorge (at water level) from Niagara Falls, New York to Lewiston, New York.

Stations were at International Railway Terminal, Great Gorge Route Ticket Office, New York Central Depot, Schoellkopf Station, Rapids View, Whirlpool Rapids, Whirlpool Point, Ongiara Park, Giant Rock, Devil's Hole, Lewiston-Queenston Bridge and Lewiston Dock.

In Niagara Falls the GGR made connections with the International Railway Company (IRC), New York Central, Erie Railroad, Canadian National and Lehigh Valley. In Lewiston Dock connections were made with New York Central, IRC, the Lewiston & Youngstown Frontier and Canada Steamship Lines steamers to Toronto.

Lewiston, New York
Lewiston is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 15,944 at the 2020 census.  The town and its contained village are named after  Morgan Lewis, a governor of New York.

The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county.  The Village of Lewiston is within the town.
Waterside Shops
Waterside Shops is an open-air mall located on Tamiami Trail in Pelican Bay, Florida, just to the north of Naples, Florida. Opened in November 1992, the mall features Saks Fifth Avenue as the anchor tenant. The mall opened with 85% of its retail space leased. Since 2003, the mall has been managed by the Southfield, Michigan-based Forbes Company, which also operates several other upscale malls in Michigan and Florida. Its open-air concourses feature waterfalls and landscaping. Some of the more popular stores the mall has are Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Tesla, Rolex, and among others.

Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).
A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865. Physicist Freeman Dyson called the publishing of the paper the "most important event of the nineteenth century in the history of the physical sciences".

The paper was key in establishing the classical theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell derives an electromagnetic wave equation with a velocity for light in close agreement with measurements made by experiment, and also deduces that light is an electromagnetic wave.

Magnetic vector potential
In classical electromagnetism, magnetic vector potential (often denoted A) is the vector quantity defined so that its curl is equal to the magnetic field, B: . Together with the electric potential φ, the magnetic vector potential can be used to specify the electric field E as well. Therefore, many equations of electromagnetism can be written either in terms of the fields E and B, or equivalently in terms of the potentials φ and A. In more advanced theories such as quantum mechanics, most equations use potentials rather than fields.

Magnetic vector potential was independently introduced by Franz Ernst Neumann and Wilhelm Eduard Weber in 1845 and in 1846, respectively to discuss Ampère's circuital law. William Thomson also introduced the modern version of the vector potential in 1847, along with the formula relating it to the magnetic field.