hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agriculture in Madagascar
Agriculture employs the majority of Madagascar's population. Mainly involving smallholders, agriculture has seen different levels of state organisation, shifting from state control to a liberalized sector.

Rice is the main produce and main export crop of Madagascar. It is mainly planted in a terraced paddy system in the central highlands. Other major subsistence crops include cassava, corn, and sweet potato, while coffee, cloves, vanilla and other cash crops are exported.

Among livestock, zebu account for most of the cattle, while pigs, sheep and poultry are also raised. Fishing is popular, and aquaculture has grown in importance.

Madagascar has seen high rates of deforestation, and the illegal extraction of highly valued timber species such as mahogany, ebony, and rosewood threatens native stands. The traditional slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy) together with population growth put increasing pressure on the native and very diverse flora of Madagascar.

Liberalization
Liberalization  (American English) or liberalisation (British English) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions. The term is used most often in relation to economics, where it refers to economic liberalization, the removal or reduction of restrictions placed upon (a particular sphere of) economic activity. However, liberalization can also be used as a synonym for decriminalization or legalization (the act of making something legal after it used to be illegal), for example when describing drug liberalization.
Nova Roma do Sul
Nova Roma do Sul (a Portuguese name meaning New Rome of the South) is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It had a population of 3,717 persons, as of 2020. It was first settled in 1880 by immigrant families of Polish, Russian and Swedish origins. In 1885, Italian immigrants arrived, mostly from Belluno, Treviso and Vicenza, in Veneto. The Italians named it Nova Roma do Sul in honor to the capital of Italy. During World War II, the town's name was changed to Guararapes, because Brazil broke off diplomatic relations with Italy, and it was prohibited to use names with references to the Axis powers. Later, the original name of the town returned.

According to the Brazilian Census of 2000, Nova Roma do Sul is the town with the highest percentage of self-reported Roman Catholics in the country. In the Census, the entire population reported to follow Catholicism.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Roman Theatre at Volterra
The Roman theatre of Volterra was uncovered in the 1950s, during archaeological excavations of the ancient Roman city conducted by Enrico Fiumi.  19th-century guide to the city mentions efforts in 1817 by the commune to start excavating what was considered a luxurious amphitheater at this site. It is one of the best-preserved Roman theatres in Italy. It is located just outside the Porta Fiorentina, in an area called Vallebuona.

Roman theatre (structure)
Roman theatres derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier Greek theatres. Much of the architectural influence on the Romans came from the Greeks, and theatre structural design was no different from other buildings. However, Roman theatres have specific differences, such as generally being built upon their own foundations instead of earthen works or a hillside and being completely enclosed on all sides.
Favorite Trick
Favorite Trick (April 20, 1995 – June 6, 2006) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who in 1997 became the first 2-year-old in twenty-five years to be voted United States Horse of the Year.

Bred at Wintergreen Farm in Midway, Kentucky by Max Wood and his wife, Sylvia, Favorite Trick was out of the mare Evil Elaine. His sire was the successful sprint horse Phone Trick, who retired with a record of nine wins and a second in ten career starts. A descendant of the great Nearco through both his sire and dam, Favorite Trick was selected by trainer Patrick B. Byrne at an auction in February 1997 as a purchase for Joseph LaCombe. Lacombe had previously owned several horses in partnership with others.

Breeders' Futurity Stakes
The Breeders' Futurity Stakes is an American Grade I Thoroughbred horse race held annually in early October at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky. Currently offering a purse of $650,000, the race is open to two-year-old horses and is run at a distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt. From 1997 to 2008, the race was sponsored by Lane's End Farm. From 2009 to 2013 it was sponsored by Dixiana Farm. It is now sponsored by Claiborne Farm.
Website builder
A website builder is a tool that typically allow the construction of websites without manual code editing. Website builders fall into two categories:

Online proprietary tools provided by web hosting service companies. These are typically intended for service users to build their own website. Some services allow the site owner to use alternative tools (commercial or open-source) — the more complex of these may also be described as content management systems.

Application software that runs on a personal computing device used to create and edit the pages of a web site and then publish these pages on any host. (These are often considered to be "website design software", rather than "website builders".)

Content management system
A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).
It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. ECM typically includes a WCM function.
Miklós Rajna
Miklós Rajna (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmikloːʃ ˈrɒjnɒ]; born 22 June 1991 in Dunaújváros) is a Hungarian professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for Coventry Blaze in the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).

Coventry Blaze
The Coventry Blaze are a British professional ice hockey team based in Coventry, England. They currently compete in the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) and play their home games at Planet Ice Coventry. The club was founded in 1965 as the original Solihull Barons and renamed the Solihull Blaze in 1996, before relocating to Coventry at the turn of the millennium. The Blaze have won four Elite Ice Hockey League Championships since the formation of the league in 2003.
Selenium (software)
Selenium is an open source umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries aimed at supporting browser automation. It provides a playback tool for authoring functional tests across most modern web browsers, without the need to learn a test scripting language (Selenium IDE). It also provides a test domain-specific language (Selenese) to write tests in a number of popular programming languages, including JavaScript (Node.js), C#, Groovy, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby and Scala. A C++ wrapper exists on its git page, but has not been updated in years. Selenium runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS. It is open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0.

Functional testing
In software development, functional testing is a form of software testing that verifies whether a system meets its functional requirements.

Generally, functional testing is black-box, meaning the internal program structure is ignored (unlike for white-box testing).

Sometimes, functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process.

As a form of system testing, functional testing tests slices of functionality of the whole system. 
Despite similar naming, functional testing is not testing the code of a single function.

The concept of incorporating testing earlier in the delivery cycle is not restricted to functional testing.
Budarino
Budarino (Russian: Бударино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Budarinsky Selsoviet, Limansky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 591 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Limansky District
Limansky District (Russian: Лима́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 5,234 square kilometers (2,021 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Liman. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,952, with the population of Liman accounting for 28.2% of that number.
American Club (Kohler, Wisconsin)
The American Club is a luxury spa and resort located in Kohler, Wisconsin. It is owned and operated by the Kohler Company. It has received various awards, including the Top 100 Golf Resorts by Conde Nast Traveler magazine, and is the Midwest's only AAA Five Diamond Resort Hotel. It is now part of Destination Kohler. The American Club is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Catmull–Rom spline
Catmull–Rom spline is a special case of a cardinal spline. This assumes uniform parameter spacing.
For tangents chosen to be

in the definition formula of cubic Hermite spline:

the following formula for the Catmull–Rom spline is obtained:

The curve is named after Edwin Catmull and Raphael Rom. The principal advantage of this technique is that the points along the original set of points also make up the control points for the spline curve.

Two additional points are required on either end of the curve. The uniform Catmull–Rom implementation can produce loops and self-intersections. The chordal and centripetal Catmull–Rom implementations solve this problem, but use a slightly different calculation. In computer graphics, Catmull–Rom splines are a common way to create smooth movement between key moments. For example, they’re often used to turn a series of camera keyframes into a fluid camera path.

Edwin Catmull
Edwin Earl Catmull (born March 31, 1945) is an American computer scientist and animator who is the co-founder of Pixar and was the president of Walt Disney Animation Studios. He has been recognized for his contributions to 3-D computer graphics, including the 2019 ACM Turing Award.
Charles B. Timberlake
Charles Bateman Timberlake (September 25, 1854 – May 31, 1941) was a U.S. representative from Colorado.

Born in Wilmington, Ohio, Timberlake attended the common schools and Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana from 1871 to 1874.
He taught school. He moved to Colorado in 1885, and settled near Holyoke, Phillips County.
He engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock raising. He served as member of the Republican State committee 1892–1910. He served as superintendent of schools of Phillips County 1889–1895 and as county clerk 1895–1897. He was appointed receiver of the United States land office at Sterling, Colorado, on July 1, 1897, and served until April 30, 1914.

Timberlake was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1933). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932. He engaged in banking in Sterling, Colorado, until his death there on May 31, 1941. He was interred in Grandview Cemetery, Fort Collins.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
Evgeni Petrov (cyclist)
Evgeni Petrov (born 25 May 1978 in Ufa) is a Russian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2001 and 2016 for the Mapei–Quick-Step, iBanesto.com, Saeco, Lampre–Fondital, Tinkoff Credit Systems, Team Katusha, Astana and Tinkoff teams. He won the 11th stage of the 2010 Giro d'Italia from Lucera to L'Aquila. He was ejected from the 2005 Tour de France and suspended from cycling for two weeks after his haematocrit was deemed over the limit by morning controls on the tenth stage.

Mapei (cycling team)
Mapei was an Italian-based road bicycle racing team active from 1993 to 2002, named after sponsoring firm Mapei.

Mapei was one of the strongest teams during the late 1990s, and ranked as the strongest UCI team in 1994–2000 and 2002.
Laura Berman (artist)
Laura Crehuet Berman (Born 1973, Barcelona, Spain) is an American and Spanish artist and printmaker based in Kansas City. Much of her work consists of abstract multicolored  monoprints that show recurrent forms overlapping to produce fields of shapes and hues. Her works are in the permanent collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City in 2001, the Rhode Island School of Design Museum in 2012, and the Spencer Museum of Art at the University of Kansas in 2016.

She is a professor of printmaking at Kansas City Art Institute (KCAI).

Rhode Island School of Design Museum
The Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, commonly known as the Rhode Island School of Design Museum (RISD Museum), is the art museum of the Rhode Island School of Design, a private art school in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. The museum was co-founded with the school in 1877. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the United States, and has seven curatorial departments.
Cisco NX-OS
NX-OS is a network operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems.  It evolved from the Cisco operating system SAN-OS, originally developed for its MDS switches. Cisco is responsible for its development and maintenance.

The command-line interface of NX-OS is similar to that of Cisco IOS.

Telnet
Telnet (sometimes stylized TELNET) is a client-server application protocol that provides access to virtual terminals of remote systems on local area networks or the Internet. It is a protocol for bidirectional 8-bit communications. Its main goal was to connect terminal devices and terminal-oriented processes.

The name "Telnet" refers to two things: a protocol specifying how two parties are to communicate and a software application that implements the protocol as a service. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Telnet transmits all information including usernames and passwords in plaintext so it is not recommended for security-sensitive applications such as remote management of routers. Telnet's use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor of SSH. Some extensions to Telnet which would provide encryption have been proposed.
Calliphora uralensis
Calliphora uralensis is a species of fly from genus Calliphora,  family Calliphoridae, described by Villeneuve in 1922. According to the Catalogue of Life Calliphora uralensis doesn't have known subspecies.

Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, Encyclopedia of Life, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data from 165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databases that are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. As of September 2022, the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time.
Vigo-Urzáiz railway station
Vigo railway station, also known as Vigo-Urzáiz, is a railway terminus in Vigo, Spain. It provides high speed train connection through the Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line with main Galician cities as Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela and A Coruña every hour. The station is directly connected through the bus stop in Urzaiz street (50 m from the station hall) with the Airport (line 9A) and the Bus Station (line 4C). There is a taxi stop in front of the station.

Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line
The Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line, also called Atlantic Corridor high-speed rail line, is a high-speed railway line that links A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Pontevedra and Vigo in Spain. The Atlantic Axis was inaugurated in April 2015.
Arhopala corinda
Arhopala corinda is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in  Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Burma, Mergui, Langkawi and the Philippines).

William Chapman Hewitson
William Chapman Hewitson (9 January 1806, in Newcastle upon Tyne – 28 May 1878, in Oatlands Park, Surrey) was a British naturalist. A wealthy collector, Hewitson was particularly devoted to Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and, also, to birds' nests and eggs. His collection of butterflies, collected by him as well as purchased from travellers throughout the world, was one of the largest and most important of his time. He contributed to and published many works on entomology and ornithology and was an accomplished scientific illustrator.
The Lentil Sorters
The Lentil Sorters is a BBC radio comedy series, written by Jack Bernhardt and starring Vincent Franklin, Rebekah Staton, Kieran Hodgson and Julia Deakin, which first aired on BBC Radio 4 in November 2015.

It is set in the Office of Local and National Statistics, and follows the day-to-day activities of the People & Places department, which is made up of:

Graham - Head of the People & Places Department, with a passionate love for statistics and no discernible social life.

Audrey - the department's Survey Researcher, who loves novels and hates Daniel

Daniel - the department's Data Analyst, an ex-city capitalist

Mrs Wilkins - the tea lady who knows where the bodies are buried

Series One started on 11 November 2015, and the series contains four episodes in total: "Standard Deviation", "Researcher Bias", "False Positives", and "Multi-Parameter Database Search".

The series was produced and directed by David Tyler at Pozzitive Television for BBC Radio 4.

Rebekah Staton
Rebekah Staton is an English actress and narrator. She has had roles in Pulling (2006–2009), Doctor Who (2007), Rome (2007), Wallander (2011), Black Mirror (2011), Raised by Wolves (2013–2016), DanTDM Creates a Big Scene (2017), and Home (2019–2020). She was also a narrator for Don't Tell The Bride (2008–2020).
Variable-frequency oscillator
A variable frequency oscillator (VFO) in electronics is an oscillator whose frequency can be tuned (i.e., varied) over some range. It is a necessary component in any tunable radio transmitter and in receivers that work by the superheterodyne principle. The oscillator controls the frequency to which the apparatus is tuned.

Q factor
In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is.  It is defined as the ratio of the initial energy stored in the resonator to the energy lost in one radian of the cycle of oscillation. Q factor is alternatively defined as the ratio of a resonator's centre frequency to its bandwidth when subject to an oscillating driving force.  These two definitions give numerically similar, but not identical, results. Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss and the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one. Resonators with high quality factors have low damping, so that they ring or vibrate longer.
Smith Gang
The Smith Gang was a band of American cattle rustlers who operated in the Southwest during the late 1890s to 1901. The gang was founded by Bill Smith and included six others, mainly Bill's family members. After an encounter with the law in Arizona Territory, known as the Battleground Gunfight, the Smith Gang was forced to escape to Mexico in October 1901.

Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War.
Zirconium dichloride
Zirconium dichloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula ZrCl2. ZrCl2 is a black solid.  It adopts a layered structure as molybdenum disulfide

The compound can be formed by heating zirconium monochloride and zirconium tetrachloride:

2ZrCl + ZrCl4  →  3ZrCl2

Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur. Its chemical formula is MoS2.

The compound is classified as a transition metal dichalcogenide. It is a silvery black solid that occurs as the mineral molybdenite, the principal ore for molybdenum. MoS2 is relatively unreactive. It is unaffected by dilute acids and oxygen. In appearance and feel, molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite. It is widely used as a dry lubricant because of its low friction and robustness. Bulk MoS2 is a diamagnetic, indirect bandgap semiconductor similar to silicon, with a bandgap of 1.23 eV.