hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jan Sobieski's expedition against the Tatar chambuls
Jan Sobieski's expedition against the Tatar chambuls  was a successful military campaign that aimed to disperse the Tatars who were pillaging the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676).

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Ognon (Franche-Comté)
The Ognon (French pronunciation: [ɔɲɔ̃] ⓘ) is a river of Eastern France. It is a left tributary of the Saône, which it joins in Pontailler-sur-Saône. Its source is in Haut-du-Them-Château-Lambert in the Vosges Mountains near the Ballon d'Alsace. Its length is 214 km (133 mi) and its basin area is 2,308 km2 (891 mi2).

The Ognon flows through the following departments and towns: Haute-Saône, with Mélisey, Lure, Villersexel, Pesmes; Doubs, with Rougemont; Jura; Côte-d'Or, with Pontailler-sur-Saône.

Haut-du-Them-Château-Lambert
Haut-du-Them-Château-Lambert (French pronunciation: [o dy tɛm ʃato lɑ̃bɛʁ]) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Haut-du-Them and Château-Lambert.
Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution
The Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution is a medium security prison located 10 miles west of Plymouth, Wisconsin in the unincorporated town of Greenbush. The facility is located off Wisconsin Highway 67 just east of the Sheboygan/Fond du Lac County line.

Plymouth, Wisconsin
Plymouth is a city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Mullet River. The population was 8,932 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin, metropolitan area. The city is located in the Town of Plymouth, but it is politically independent. Plymouth was known as "Hub City" for its former role as a center of wooden wheelwrighting. It advertises itself as "The Cheese Capital of the World," as it produces 14% of all the cheese consumed in the United States. The Mayor is Don Pohlman.
Hoyt 'n Andy's Sportsbender
Hoyt 'n Andy's Sportsbender is an American adult animated sitcom parodying sports telecasts that was initially intended to air on ESPN in November 1995, but Disney's acquisition of then-parent Capital Cities/ABC caused the series to be cancelled before it was even shown. The series eventually aired on foreign stations and, more recently, on YouTube.

Capital Cities/ABC
Capital Cities/ABC Inc. was an American media company. It was founded in 1985 when Capital Cities Communications purchased the much larger American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. They were eventually acquired by Disney and re-branded themselves as Disney–ABC Television Group (now Disney General Entertainment Content) in 1996.
Nordic combined at the 1932 Winter Olympics
At the 1932 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Wednesday, February 10, 1932 (cross-country skiing) and on Thursday, February 11, 1932 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
III EP (Tinchy Stryder EP)
III EP is the fourth EP by recording artist Tinchy Stryder. It was released on 27 September 2010 by Takeover Entertainment as a free downloadable EP prior to the release of Stryder's third solo studio album, Third Strike, which was released on 15 November 2010.

The EP's cover art is a graphic image of Stryder with the, Third Strike logo, as a background in different shades of the colour green. The image was made during the Third Strike promo shoot.

The only singles released from the EP were track 1 "Champions" featuring Ruff Sqwad and track 2 "Famous".

Tinchy Stryder
Kwasi Esono Danquah III (/ˈkweɪsi dæŋˈkwɑː/ KWAY-see dang-KWAH; born 14 September 1986), better known by his stage name Tinchy Stryder, is a British rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur and investor.

Stryder has released three solo studio albums, Star in the Hood (2007), Catch 22 (2009), and Third Strike (2010). Stryder's business ventures include the clothing line Star in the Hood, the Cloud 9 X Goji headphone and audio equipment range in collaboration with Goji Electronics.
Kweku Etrew Amua-Sekyi
Kweku Etrew Amua-Sekyi (5 July 1933 – May 17, 2007) was a Ghanaian Supreme Court Judge. He served on the bench of the Supreme Court of the Gambia and the Supreme Court of Ghana. He was the chairman for the National Reconciliation Commission that was set up through the Parliament of Ghana in 2002.

Western Region (Ghana)
The Western region, located in south Ghana, spreads from the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) in the west to the Central region in the east, includes the capital and large twin city of Sekondi-Takoradi on the coast, coastal Axim, and a hilly inland area including Elubo. It includes Ghana's southernmost location, Cape Three Points, where crude oil was discovered in commercial quantities in June 2007. The region covers an area of 13,842 km2, and had a population of 2,060,585 at the 2021 Census. It has a coastline that stretches from South Ghana's border with the Ivory Coast to the boundary with the Central region on the east.
Ring expansion and contraction
Ring expansion and ring contraction reactions expand or contract rings, usually in organic chemistry. The term usually refers to reactions involve making and breaking C-C bonds, Diverse pathways lead to these kinds of reactions.  Many of these reactions are primarily of theoretical or pedagoogical interest, but some are very useful.

Carbon–carbon bond
A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond between two carbon atoms. The most common form is the single bond: a bond composed of two electrons, one from each of the two atoms. The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is formed between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. In ethane, the orbitals are sp3-hybridized orbitals, but single bonds formed between carbon atoms with other hybridizations do occur (e.g. sp2 to sp2). In fact, the carbon atoms in the single bond need not be of the same hybridization. Carbon atoms can also form double bonds in compounds called alkenes or triple bonds in compounds called alkynes. A double bond is formed with an sp2-hybridized orbital and a p-orbital that is not involved in the hybridization. A triple bond is formed with an sp-hybridized orbital and two p-orbitals from each atom. The use of the p-orbitals forms a pi bond.
Laudachsee
Laudachsee is a lake between the mountains in the Upper Austrian part of the Salzkammergut and neighbour to the larger Traunsee. Beside are the mountains Traunstein and Grünberg.

In the summer the lake reaches about + 20 °C. It drains through Laudach, Alm, Traun into the Danube.

Salzkammergut
47°42′N 13°35′E﻿ / ﻿47.700°N 13.583°E﻿ / 47.700; 13.583

The Salzkammergut (Austrian German: [ˈsaltskamɐɡuːt], Northern German: [ˈzaltskamɐɡuːt] ⓘ; Central Austro-Bavarian: Soizkaumaguad) is a resort area in Austria, stretching from the city of Salzburg eastwards along the Alpine Foreland and the Northern Limestone Alps to the peaks of the Dachstein Mountains. The main river of the region is the Traun, a right tributary of the Danube.

The name Salzkammergut translates to "salt demesne" (or "salt domain"), Kammergut being a German word for territories held by princes of the Holy Roman Empire, in early modern Austria specifically territories of the Habsburg monarchy.  The salt mines of Salzkammergut were administered by the Imperial Salzoberamt in Gmunden from 1745 to 1850.

Parts of the region were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
Alastair Robinson (rugby union)
Alastair Garth Robinson (born 5 November 1956) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Robinson represented North Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1983 tour of Scotland and England. He played four matches for the All Blacks but did not appear in any tests.

Northland Rugby Union
The Northland Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Northland, New Zealand; Northland is a region of New Zealand that covers areas in the districts of Far North, Kaipara, Whangārei, as well as Wellsford and Tomarata in Auckland Region. Established in 1920, they represent the Bunnings NPC side, Northland Taniwha, and Farah Palmer Cup side, Northland Kauri. It is also affiliated with the Blues Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are a sky blue (Pantone 284) and they play their home games at Semenoff Stadium in Morningside.
Taner Yıldız
Taner Yıldız (born 3 April 1962 in Devecipınar, Boğazlıyan, Yozgat Province) is a Turkish politician. He is a member of the Justice and Development Party and served as the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources between 2009 and 2015.

Taner Yıldız graduated from the Istanbul Technical University as an electrical engineer and worked for the Kayseri Electricity Generation Company.  He was elected to the Parliament in 2002. Yıldız served as an energy adviser to the prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. On 1 May 2009, after a reshuffle of the cabinet, he took the post of Minister of Energy and Natural Resources.

Yıldız is married and has four children.

Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkish: Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı) is the government ministry of Republic of Turkey responsible for natural resources and energy in Turkey. The ministry is headed by Alparslan Bayraktar. Despite the ministry being represented on the Climate Change and Air Management Coordination Board, the European Commission has criticised the lack of co-ordination between policy on climate change in Turkey and the energy policy of Turkey. The net zero by 2053 target was reportedly set without consulting the ministry, and as of 2023 the ministry has not published a plan to meet the target.
Ari Greenberg
Ari David Greenberg (born April 1, 1981 in Malibu, California) is an American world junior champion in contract bridge. A Stanford computer science graduate, Greenberg was previously employed Bridge Base, Google, and Facebook. He currently resides in Menlo Park, California.

Menlo Park, California
Menlo Park (/ˈmɛnloʊ/ MEN-loh) is a city in San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States.  Located at the eastern edge of the county, It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto, Palo Alto, and Stanford to the south; and Atherton, North Fair Oaks, and Redwood City to the west. It had 33,780 residents at the 2020 United States census. It is home to the corporate headquarters of Meta Platforms, and is where Google, Roblox Corporation, Round Table Pizza, and SRI International were founded.  The train station holds the record as the oldest continually operating train station in California. It is one of the most educated cities in California and the United States; nearly 70% of residents over 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.
Dimestore soldier
Dimestore soldier is a name first given by collector and author Don Pielin to American-made toy soldiers sold individually in five and dime stores from the 1930s to the 1950s before being replaced by plastic toy soldiers called army men. Though most figures were hollowcast metal, composition and plastic dimestore figures were also made. The popularity of the toy soldier reflected public interest in wars around the world and America's own military preparedness of the era. The largest dimestore companies are: Barclay, Manoil, Grey Iron, and Auburn.

Preparedness
Preparedness is a set of actions that are taken as precautionary measures in the face of potential disasters. Being prepared helps in achieving goals and in avoiding and mitigating negative outcomes.

There are different types of preparedness, such as public health preparedness and local emergency preparedness or snow preparedness, but probably the most developed type is "disaster preparedness", defined by the United Nations as involving "forecasting and taking precautionary measures before an imminent threat when warnings are possible". This includes not only natural disasters, but all kinds of severe damage caused in a relatively short period, including warfare.

Preparedness is a major phase of emergency management, and is particularly valued in areas of competition such as sport, military science and SRF cryomodule assembly.

Methods of preparation include research, estimation, planning, resourcing, education, practicing, and rehearsing.
Wang Zhengyi
Wang Zhengyi (Chinese: 王正谊, courtesy name: Zibin / 子斌, Xiao'erjing: وْا  ﺟْﻊ ىِ) (1844–1900) was a martial artist during the late Qing dynasty, hailing from Cangzhou, Hebei. He was of Hui Muslim ethnicity. Being the fifth by seniority of his master's students, Wang came to be called Wang Wu (Chinese: 王五; i.e. Wang the fifth). His use of the dadao (Chinese greatsword) would lead to him earning the sobriquet by which he is best known, Dadao Wang Wu (Chinese: 大刀王五; sometimes rendered in English as Broadsword Wang Wu or Great Sword Wang Wu). Liang Qichao also called him the Hero of Yānzhào from the traditional name for Hebei.

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Wilson River
Wilson River can refer to:

Wilson River (Alaska), one of two rivers in Alaska in the United States

Wilson River (Manitoba), tributary of Dauphin Lake, one of two in Canada

Wilson River (New South Wales) in New South Wales, Australia

Wilson River (New Zealand) in New Zealand

Wilson River (Nunavut) in Nunavut in Canada

Wilson River (Oregon) on the coast of Oregon in the United States

Wilson River (Queensland) in South West Queensland, Australia

Wilson River (Western Australia), in the Kimberley

Dauphin Lake
Dauphin Lake is located in western Manitoba near the city of Dauphin. The lake covers an area of 201 square miles (520 km2) and has a drainage basin of about 3,420 square miles (8,900 km2). The Mossy River drains the lake into Lake Winnipegosis. The basin is drained by seven major streams and has a total relief of 1,900 feet (580 m).

The lake is located within the territory of three rural municipalities; in descending order of area they are the RM of Ochre River, the RM of Dauphin, and the RM of Mossey River.

Dauphin Lake was named after the Dauphin of France, heir to the French throne, by Francois de La Verendrye in 1739.
Karel Burkert
Karel Burkert (1 December 1909 – 26 March 1991) was a Czechoslovak football goalkeeper who played for Czechoslovakia in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. Burkert played in the Czechoslovak First League for SK Židenice, making 105 appearances between 1934 and 1940. He also made five appearances for Czechoslovakia between 1934 and 1938, as well as playing a game for Bohemia and Moravia after the Czechoslovakia team was disbanded, in 1939.

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Ozeki (surname)
Ozaki (written: 大関 or おおぜき) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ōzeki Masutoshi (1849-1905), 16th daimyō of Kurobane Domain

Ruth Ozeki (born 1956), American writer

Tatsuya Ozeki (born 1976), Japanese baseball player

Tokiko Ozeki (born 1950), Japanese cross-country skier

Yukie Ozeki (born 1949), Japanese table tennis player

Yuto Ozeki (born 2005), Japanese footballer

Tatsuya Ozeki
Tatsuya Ozeki (小関 竜也, Ozeki Tatsuya; born July 24, 1976 in Sano, Tochigi, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player.

Mai Ozeki, his daughter, was one of the members of female idol group Country Girls.
Laura Nader
Laura Nader (born February 16, 1930) is an American anthropologist. She has been a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley since 1960. She was the first woman to receive a tenure-track position in the department. She is also the older sister of U.S. activist, consumer advocate, and frequent third-party candidate Ralph Nader, and the younger sister of community advocate Shafeek Nader and social scientist Claire Nader.

Wells College
Wells College was a private liberal arts college in Aurora, New York, United States. From its founding in 1868 until it became coeducational in 2005, Wells was a women's college. The college's campus, set on the shore of Cayuga Lake, remains a part of the Aurora Village–Wells College Historic District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Henry Wells, a co-founder of both Wells Fargo & Company and American Express Company, established Wells College in 1868 as Wells Seminary, stating that the promotion of higher education for women was his life's dream. After operating for over 150 years, in 2024, it was announced that the college would be closing at the end of the spring semester. It ceased operations effective June 30, 2024, with administrators citing financial challenges. In 2025, Hobart and William Smith Colleges were announced as Wells' legacy partner, who will maintain the closed college's records and endowment.
Sprague effect
The Sprague effect is the phenomenon where homonymous hemianopia, caused by damage to the visual cortex, gets slightly better when the contralesional superior colliculus is destroyed. The effect is named for its discoverer, James Sprague, who observed this phenomenon in 1966 using a cat model.  Several reasons have been thought of for this happening, including mutual inhibition between the two brain hemispheres.  For similar reasons of inhibiting an inhibitory structure, damaging the substantia nigra, for instance by using ibotenic acid, can also cause the same improvement.

Visual cortex
The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe. Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19).

Both hemispheres of the brain include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.
WNRT
WNRT (96.9 FM), branded on-air as Triunfo 96.9 FM, is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Manatí, Puerto Rico, it serves the northern Puerto Rico area. and it is currently owned by Arecibo Broadcasting Corporation.

The station is relayed through booster stations, WNRT-FM1 in Caguas and WNRT-FM2 in Mayagüez, both operating at 96.9 FM.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Patrick Markey
Patrick Markey is an American film and television producer. He has also done production management and second unit directing work. He has worked with filmmakers such as Robert Redford and Sam Raimi. He is currently on the board of directors of the Dactyl Foundation.

Second unit
A second unit is a discrete team of filmmakers tasked with filming shots or sequences of a production, separate from the main or "first" unit. The second unit often shoots simultaneously with the other unit or units, allowing the filming stage of production to be completed faster.
Midlothian (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Midlothian was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Also, however, it was one of nine constituencies in the Lothians electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

For the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the Midlothian constituency was abolished, with the creation of two new constituencies called Midlothian North and Musselburgh, and Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Jeżowiec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Jeżowiec [jɛˈʐɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Kluczewsko, 17 km (11 mi) north of Włoszczowa, and 52 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).