hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tell Shemshara
Tell Shemshāra (ancient Šušarra) (also Tell Shimshara, Tall Šimšārah, and Tall Šamšāra) is an archaeological site located on the right bank of Little Zab in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, in the Iraqi Kurdistan autonomous administrative division of Iraq. The site was inundated by Lake Dukan until recently.

The site was occupied, although not continuously, from the Hassuna period (early sixth millennium BCE) until the 14th century CE. A small archive recovered from the Middle Bronze Age layers (early second millennium BCE) revealed that, at least in that period, the site was called Shusharra and was the capital of a small, semi-independent Turukkean polity called māt Utêm or "land of the gatekeeper" ruled by a man called Kuwari acting as governor under a larger Hurrian state.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
Michael Ross (screenwriter)
Michael Ross (born Isadore Rovinsky) (August 4, 1919 – May 26, 2009) was an American screenwriter and television producer. Ross, together with writing partners Don Nicholl and Bernard West, were writers/producers for All in the Family (for which Ross won the 1973 Emmy Award for Writing for a Comedy Series), The Jeffersons, The Dumplings, and Three's Company. Ross and West continued as executive producers of Three's Company after the death of partner Nicholl in 1980, also producing the spin-off shows The Ropers and Three's a Crowd.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series is an annual award presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards. It recognizes writing excellence in regular comedic series, most of which can generally be described as situation comedies. It was first presented in 1955 as Outstanding Written Comedy Material.
Magda Spiegel
Magda Spiegel (1887–1944) was a German contralto who was a member of the Frankfurt Opera ensemble and was murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The baritone Richard Breitenfeld, also of the Frankfurt Opera, shared the same fate.

Peter Hugh Reed wrote in American Record Guide, 1949:

I have also learned with the deepest regret about the similar death of the contralto Magda Spiegel, from Frankfurt. She made some excellent acoustic records in the early 1920s for Odeon, Vox and Homochard – I remember her as a thrilling Adriano in Wagner's Rienzi when the Frankfurt opera company visited Holland in 1934.

Contralto
A contralto (Italian pronunciation: [konˈtralto]) is a classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest of their voice types.

The contralto voice type is fairly rare. A contralto's range is similar to that of a mezzo-soprano, and almost identical to that of a countertenor – typically from the F below middle C (F3 in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F5), although, at the extremes, some voices can reach the D below middle C (D3) or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice type includes coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contraltos.
2009–10 Austrian Cup
The 2009–10 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup, also Stiegl-Cup for sponsoring purposes) was the 76th season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. It commenced with the matches of the preliminary round in July 2009 and concluded with the Final on 16 May 2010. The winners of the competition, Sturm Graz, qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League.

2010–11 UEFA Europa League
The 2010–11 UEFA Europa League was the second season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 40th edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 1 July 2010, with the first qualifying round matches, and concluded on 18 May 2011, with the final at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, between Porto and first-time finalists Braga. This was the first all-Portuguese final of a European competition and only the third time that two Portuguese teams faced each other in Europe, following Braga's elimination of Benfica in the semi-finals. Porto defeated Braga 1–0, with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Radamel Falcao, and won their second title in the competition, after victory in the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Atletico Madrid were the defending champions but were eliminated in group stage.
Chiriquí River
The Chiriquí River is a river of Panama located at Chiriquí province at the districts of Boquete, David, Dolega, and Gualaca. Its length is 130 km. Its principal tributaries are El Platanal, David, Majagua, Cochea, Caldera, Los Valles, El Sitio, Gualaca, and Estí.

Chiriquí Province
Chiriquí, officially the Chiriquí Province (Spanish: Provincia de Chiriquí, pronounced [tʃiɾiˈki]), is a province of Panama located on the western coast; it is the second most developed province in the country, after Panamá Province. Its capital is the city of David. It has a total area of 6,490.9 km2, with a population of 471,071 as of the year 2023.
The province of Chiriquí is bordered to the north by the province of Bocas del Toro, to the west by Costa Rica, to the east by the province of Veraguas, and to the south by the Pacific Ocean, specifically the Gulf of Chiriquí.
Hotel Ringkøbing
Hotel Ringkøbing is a hotel located on the central market square in Ringkøbing, Denmark. The oldest part of the building dates from the 17th century. It was listed in 1919. The hotel has 59 rooms, including 2 large with wheelchair access, and 4 banquet facilities for 25-100 people and small meeting rooms.

Ringkøbing
Ringkøbing (older spelling Ringkjøbing) is a town in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality in Region Midtjylland on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark. It has a population of 9,830 (1 January 2025).
Lucky Peak State Park
Lucky Peak State Park is a public recreation area covering a total of 240 acres (97 ha) on and near Lucky Peak Lake, eight miles (13 km) southeast of Boise in Ada County, Idaho. The state park has three units: Discovery Park off State Highway 21, a roadside park for picnicking and fishing in the Boise River; Sandy Point at the base of the Lucky Peak Dam, with sandy beach and calm waters for wading and swimming; and the Spring Shores unit with boat ramps and marina at the northern end of the lake. The park was created in 1956 by agreement with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, following completion of the Lucky Peak Dam. The park is also home to the Lucky Peak Dam Zeolite Occurrence. The park can be accessed off of the Boise River Greenbelt.

Boise River
The Boise River is a 102-mile-long (164 km) tributary of the Snake River in the Northwestern United States. It drains a rugged portion of the Sawtooth Range in southwestern Idaho northeast of Boise, as well as part of the western Snake River Plain. The watershed encompasses approximately 4,100 square miles (11,000 km2) of highly diverse habitats, including alpine canyons, forest, rangeland, agricultural lands, and urban areas.
Backus v. Gould
Backus v. Gould, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 798 (1849), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Copyright Act of 1831 requires courts to award damages from copyright infringement based on the number of copies found in the accused's possession, not the number of infringing copies that they ever printed. At the time, at least in the case of books, a "copy" was defined as a complete reprinting or transcription of the work.

Copyright Act of 1831
The Copyright Act of 1831 was the first major revision to the U.S. Copyright Law. The bill is largely the result of lobbying efforts by American lexicographer Noah Webster.

The key changes in the Act included:

Extension of the original copyright term from 14 years to 28 years, with an option to renew the copyright for another 14 years

Addition of musical compositions to the list of statutorily protected works (though this protection only extended to reproductions of compositions in printed form; the public performance right was not recognized until later)

Extension of the statute of limitations on copyright actions from one year to two

Changes in copyright formality requirements
Riccardo De Santis
Riccardo De Santis (born 4 January 1980) is an Italian baseball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

De Santis participated in the 2003 Baseball World Cup in Cuba. He appeared in two games, pitching 5.2 innings with a 9.53 ERA, recording one loss against Nicaragua.

As a member of Italy national baseball team he won 2010 European Baseball Championship.

2010 European Baseball Championship
The 2010 European Baseball Championship was an international baseball competition held in Germany from July 23 to August 1, 2010. The tournament was originally set to be held in 2009 with Russia as host. In March 2008, the Confederation of European Baseball awarded the tournament to the German Baseball and Softball Federation. The tournament was moved back one year to not be held in the same year as the Baseball World Cup. The event was hosted by the cities of Stuttgart, Heidenheim an der Brenz, and Neuenburg am Rhein in the southwest of Germany.
Oxford University Broadcasting Society
The Oxford University Broadcasting Society (OUBS) was a student society at the University of Oxford, England. It covered radio and television broadcasting.

The officers include a president, secretary, treasurer, programme coordinator, technical director, news editor, social secretary, and two ordinary committee members. Equipment included a Uher 4000L portable tape recorder.

Uher (brand)
Uher was a German brand of electronic equipment currently owned and licensed by Assmann Electronics of Bad Homburg.

The manufacturer Uher Werke was based in Munich, Germany, and is probably best known for its former range of portable reel-to-reel tape recorders which were once widely used by professionals in areas such as reporting and film-making. Since digital equipment has become widespread, these older analogue recording machines are no longer produced. Two parts of the Uher company still exist, one which has focused on informatics, and ATIS Uher focused on IT security.

The Uher model 5000 was a centerpiece in the Nixon White House tapes scandal, when 18.5 minutes of recordings were purported to be inadvertently erased.
Ibanez RG
The Ibanez RG is a series of electric guitars produced by Hoshino Gakki. The first model in the series, the RG550, was originally released in 1987 and advertised as part of the Roadstar series. That series was renamed "RG" in 1992 and all models since are simply known as RGs.

It rose in popularity throughout the 1980s and had the features that musicians in the rising shred and thrash metal movements of that time were looking for: a "fast" neck, comfortable body, powerful pickups, and a reliable tremolo system.

The RG series has the most subtypes of any Ibanez model and is the most popular series of Ibanez electric guitars produced by Hoshino Gakki. The RG's deep cutaway, flatter fingerboard and extended fret range (24 frets as standard) has made it one of the most popular guitars for rock and heavy metal music.

Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril, the courbaril or West Indian locust, is a hardwood tree common in the Caribbean and Central and South America. As lumber it is frequently used to make furniture, flooring, and decoration. Its hard fruit pods have an edible dry pulp surrounding the seeds. Its sap, called animé, is used for incense, perfume, and varnish.
Henry Denny (rugby league)
Henry Thomas Denny (29 September 1898 – 4 January 1987) was an Australian rugby league player.

Denny was born in Kaitaia, New Zealand, and served with the AIF during World War I.

A forward, Denny played for Ipswich Tivoli and Brisbane club Western Suburbs. His representative opportunities didn't come until he was in his 30s. He represented Brisbane in the Bulimba Cup, was capped twice for Queensland, and appeared for Australia in seven non–international fixtures on their 1933–34 tour of Great Britain.

Bulimba Cup
The Bulimba Cup was an Australian rugby league football competition contested by the Brisbane, Ipswich and Toowoomba representative rugby league sides during the mid 20th century. In 1931, a team from Lismore, New South Wales participated. It was first contested in 1925 but was cancelled in 1972 due to waning public interest caused by a greater focus on Brisbane club football.

The Bulimba Cup trophy was provided by the Queensland Brewery.

The competition was normally played as a round-robin with each team playing each other twice. On the rare occasions when teams finished evenly at the conclusion of 6 games, a playoff was held to determine the winner. From 1969 onwards, a final was held.

In 2005 the Queensland Rugby League issued a commemorative jersey to celebrate the 80th anniversary of this competition.
Sturton railway station
Sturton railway station was an intermediate stop on the eastern main line of the Great Central Railway, opened in 1849. Besides the village of Sturton le Steeple in Nottinghamshire, England, it also served the villages of North Wheatley and South Wheatley, both also being in Nottinghamshire. It closed in 1959.

South Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
South Wheatley is a village and former civil parish, now within the North and South Wheatley civil parish, of Bassetlaw district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. In 2001 South Wheatley parish had a population of 102. It is 130 miles north of London, 30 miles north east of the county town of Nottingham, and 5 miles north east of the Nottinghamshire town of Retford. There are 4 listed buildings in South Wheatley.
Sports in Toronto
The city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, has a long history of sport. It is home to a number teams in North American major professional leagues, as well as clubs such as the Granite Club (est. 1836), the Royal Canadian Yacht Club (est. 1852), the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club (est. pre-1827), the Argonaut Rowing Club (est. 1872), Toronto Argonauts football club (est. 1873), the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club (est. 1881), and the Badminton and Racquet Club (est. 1924). A number of heritage venues have developed in Toronto such as: Christie Pits (est. 1899), Coca-Cola Coliseum (est. 1921), Varsity Arena (est. 1926), and Maple Leaf Gardens (est. 1931). Toronto is also the location of the Hockey Hall of Fame and Canadian Football League's headquarters.

Toronto is notable among Canadian cities in sports for having several sports teams associated with American based professional leagues, particularly the most Canadian pro-sports teams in the major leagues.

Royal Canadian Yacht Club
The Royal Canadian Yacht Club (RCYC) is a private yacht club in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1852, it is one of the world's older and larger yacht clubs. Its summer home is on a trio of islands (RCYC Island, South Island and North Chippewa or Snug Island) in the Toronto Islands. Its winter home since 1984 has been a purpose-built clubhouse located at 141 St. George Street in Toronto (just north of Bloor Street), which includes facilities for sports and social activities. In 2014, the club had approximately 4700 members, about 450 yachts (95% sail) and a number of dinghies, principally International 14s.

The Club Patron is Anne, Princess Royal.
M829
The M829 is an American armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) kinetic energy penetrator tank round. Modeling was done at the Ballistic Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, which was incorporated into the Army Research Laboratory in 1992. The round is specifically designed for the 120 mm M256 main gun on the Abrams M1A1 and M1A2 main battle tanks. The penetrator is carried by a sabot during its acceleration in the gun barrel.

M256 (tank gun)
The M256 is an American 120 mm smoothbore tank gun. It is a licensed-built German-designed Rheinmetall Rh-120 L44 gun tube and combustible cartridges with an American-designed mount, cradle and recoil mechanism. It is primarily used by the M1 Abrams main battle tank.
Ardwick Industrial Park Shuttle Line
The Ardwick Industrial Park Shuttle Line, designated Route F12, was a weekday-only bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the New Carrollton station and Cheverly station on the Silver and Orange Lines of the Washington Metro. The line operated every 35–37 minutes during peak hours and 60 minutes all other times, weekdays only. F12 trips were roughly 30 minutes.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
Prezero
PreZero Stiftung & Co. KG (written as PreZero) is a German environmental services provider active in waste management in the areas of dual systems, disposal, recycling, packaging and recovery. Previously, it was known as GreenCycle Stiftung & Co. KG and GreenCycle Holding GmbH & Co. KG).

Based in Neckarsulm, the company is part of the Schwarz Group, which also includes Kaufland, Lidl, Schwarz Produktion and Schwarz Digits. PreZero has more than 460 locations in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

Lidl
Lidl (LEE-dəl, German: [ˈliːdl̩] ⓘ) is a trademark used by two German international discount supermarket chains that operates over 12,950 stores. LD Stiftung operates the stores in Germany and Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG in 30 other countries. LD Stiftung is headquartered in Bad Wimpfen and the Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG in Neckarsulm, both in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Both sister companies belong to the Schwarz Group, which also includes hypermarket chain Kaufland.

Lidl is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Aldi in several markets.
Odra, Silesian Voivodeship
Odra [ˈɔdra] is a village in Gmina Gorzyce, Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It is situated on the Odra River.

It was first mentioned in a written document in 1185, in 1418 for the first under its current name.

Oder
The Oder (/ˈoʊ.dər/ OH-dər; Czech and Polish: Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
Imamzadeh Haroun-e-Velayat
The Imamzadeh Haroun-e-Velayat (Persian: هارون ولایت; Arabic: مرقد هارون ولايت), also known as the Harun-i Vilayat Mausoleum, is a Shi'ite imamzadeh, mausoleum, and madrasa complex, located in the city of Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It is located opposite the Ali minaret in Dardasht and was completed in 1513 CE, during the Ismail I era, with subsequent renovations during the 19th and 20th centuries.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 13 December 1934, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran, and is one of the holiest sites in Shi'ism.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
Bridge mix
Bridge mix or grand slam mix is a type of snack mix or candy consisting of nuts, fruits, and "cremes" covered in milk and dark chocolate. Some common ingredients in bridge mix include peanuts, almonds, raisins, macadamia nuts, malted milk balls, fruits, and nougats.

Brach's is one of the major US producers of bridge mix. Hershey Canada sells it under the name "Bridge Mixture."

Bridge mix may have been named for the card game bridge, since bridge tournaments are notorious for providing dishes of candy and snacks at the game tables. Alternatively, See's Bridge Mix may have begun as rejected candy bits that were pulled from "the bridge," a mechanical conveyor belt.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Listed buildings in Gravesend
Gravesend is town and a civil parish in the Gravesham district of Kent, England. It contains one grade I, 13 grade II* and 151 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

Gravesend
Gravesend /ˌɡreɪvzˈɛnd/ is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the Diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the borough of Gravesham. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the UK Office for National Statistics. It had a population of 58,102 in 2021.

Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station, and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and has a new bridge.