hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raise Your Hand
"Raise Your Hand" is a song written by Steve Cropper, Eddie Floyd, and Alvertis Isbell (Al Bell). It was recorded by Floyd and appeared on his 1967 debut album Knock on Wood. It was released as a single that year, where it reached #16 on the Black Singles Chart and #79 on the Pop Singles Chart.

Steve Cropper
Stephen Lee Cropper (October 21, 1941 – December 3, 2025), sometimes known as "The Colonel", was an American guitarist, songwriter and record producer. He was the guitarist of the Stax Records house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, which backed artists such as Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas, Johnnie Taylor and Neil Young. He also acted as the producer of many of these artists' records. He was later a member of the Blues Brothers band. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 36th on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists. He won two Grammy Awards out of his seven nominations.
Lawrence Louis Barrett
Lawrence Barrett or Lawrence Louis Barrett (1897 – 1973) was an American artist. He is known for his lithographs and as a printmaking teacher.

Barrett was born in Guthrie, Oklahoma on December 11, 1897. He studied at the Broadmoor Art Academy (now the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center). He taught at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center from 1938 through 1952.

In 1940 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Barrett died in Colorado Springs in 1973.

His work is in the Blanton Museum of Art, the Kirkland Museum of Fine & Decorative Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. He created lithographs with Howard Cook, George Biddle and Adolf Arthur Dehn.

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art museum in Kansas City, Missouri, known for its encyclopedic collection of art from nearly every continent and culture, and especially for its extensive collection of Asian art.

In 2007, Time magazine ranked the museum's new Bloch Building number one on its list of "The 10 Best (New and Upcoming) Architectural Marvels" which considered candidates from around the globe.

The museum is open five days a week: Monday from 10 am-5 pm, closed Tuesday and Wednesday, open Thursday 10-9, Friday 10-9, Saturday and Sunday 10-5. 
Admission is free.
Utricularia neottioides
Utricularia neottioides is a perennial, affixed aquatic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia (family Lentibulariaceae). It is a mat-forming rheophyte that is attached to rocks in the shallows of swiftly moving water. It is endemic to South America and is found in the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Bolivia.

Lentibulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: Genlisea, the corkscrew plants; Pinguicula, the butterworts; and Utricularia, the bladderworts.

The genera Polypompholyx (two species of pink petticoats or fairy aprons) and Biovularia used to be regarded as fourth and fifth members of this family. Biovularia has been subsumed into Utricularia, and Polypompholyx has been relegated to a subgenus of Utricularia. Placement of the family used to be in the Scrophulariales, which has been merged with Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system.
45th Cabinet of Kuwait
The Cabinet of Kuwait is the chief executive body of the State of Kuwait. The 45th cabinet in the history of Kuwait was appointed on 17 January 2024. On 4 January 2024, Amir of Kuwait His Highness Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah assigned His Highness Sheikh Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah as Prime Minister. The Amir has also assigned the Prime Minister to refer the cabinet line-up for their appointment. On 17 January 2024, the new cabinet line up was announced after the Amir approved in an Amiri order. On 6 April 2024, Prime Minister submits cabinet resignation to Kuwait Amir according to Article 57 of the constitution. On 7 April 2024, Kuwait Amir accepts government resignations, instructs it to act as caretaker. The government will function as care-taker until the formation of the new government.

Emir of Kuwait
The Emir of the State of Kuwait (Arabic: أمير دولة الكويت) is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, and is the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.

Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became the emir of Kuwait on 16 December 2023, following the death of Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
Peterborough TMD
Peterborough TMD is a traction maintenance depot located in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. The depot is situated on the East Coast Main Line, to the north of Peterborough station.

The depot code is PB.

Peterborough railway station
Peterborough railway station serves the cathedral city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. It is sited 76 miles 29 chains (122.9 km) north of London King's Cross. The station is a major interchange serving both the north–south East Coast Main Line, as well as long-distance and local east–west services. The station is managed by London North Eastern Railway. Ticket gates came into use at the station in 2012.
Goldstream Dredge No. 8
Goldstream Dredge No. 8 is a ladder dredge operated by the Fairbanks Exploration Company from 1928 to 1959. It is located on the old Steese Highway between Fairbanks and Fox in the central part of Alaska.

Starting in the 1920s, water was brought to the area through the 90-mile (145 km) Davidson Ditch for gold mining. The Goldstream Dredge No. 8 cut a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) track and produced 7.5 million ounces of gold.

The dredge was named a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1986.  In 1984, it was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.

Today, it is open to the public. During summer months, tours of the dredge and gold panning are available for a small fee.

Steese Highway
The Steese Highway (known as the Steese Expressway within Fairbanks) is a highway in the Interior region of the U.S. state of Alaska that extends 161 miles (259 km) from Fairbanks to Circle, a town on the Yukon River about 50 miles (80 km) south of the Arctic Circle.  The highway was completed in 1927 and is named for U.S. Army General James G. Steese, a former president of the Alaska Road Commission. It is paved for about the first 81 miles (130 km) and around the town of Central it turns to dirt and gravel.  Much of it is narrow and winding.
Sludge incineration
Sludge incineration is a sewage sludge treatment process using incineration. It generates thermal energy from sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The process is in operation in Germany where Klärschlammverbrennung GmbH in Hamburg incinerates 1.3m tonnes of sludge annually. The process has also been trialed in China, where it has been qualified as an environmental investment project. However the energy balance of the process is not high, as sludge needs drying before incinerating.

Sewage sludge can be incinerated in mono-incineration or co-incineration plants. In co-incineration, sewage sludge is not the only fuel and it can be processed at coal-fired power plants, cement plants and in some waste incineration facility.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
Takia Starks
Takia Nicole Starks (born January 16, 1986) is a shooting guard. She formerly played for the Perth Lynx of the Women's National Basketball League. Born in Houston, Texas, she played college basketball at Texas A&M. Starks became AMM all-time leading scorer during her career, scoring 1977 points. She is currently second on the all-time scoring list for the school.

Women's National Basketball League
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) is a professional women's basketball league in Australia composed of eight teams. The league was founded in 1981 and is the women's counterpart to the National Basketball League (NBL).
Barry Milligan
Barry S. Milligan is an American politician and banker from the state of Louisiana. A Republican, Milligan represented the 38th district of the Louisiana State Senate, based in southern Shreveport, from 2020 to 2024.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
Madeleine Scopello
Maria Maddalena "Madeleine" Scopello (born 4 November 1953) is a French historian of religion. She is director of research at the CNRS (UMR 8167 "Orient et Méditerranée", Classical and Late Antiquity, Paris-Sorbonne) and director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études (chair of Gnosticism and Manichaeism). She also teaches at the Institut catholique de Paris, Faculty of History (History of Ancient Christianity).

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Ali Vincent
Alison "Ali" Vincent is the winner of the fifth United States season of the fitness reality television show The Biggest Loser, which aired in early 2008.  Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States The Biggest Loser season.  Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance.

In September 2011, Ali Vincent began hosting her own show, Live Big with Ali Vincent, a half-hour series on the Live Well Network. Besides lifestyle and motivation, the show offers advice on shopping, cooking, working out, etc. The show is produced at ABC-owned KABC-TV in Los Angeles.

Vincent revealed on December 5, 2016 that she had regained almost all of the weight she had lost. Vincent attributed this weight gain to emotional fallout from sexual assault.

24 Hour Fitness
24 Hour Fitness is a privately held and operated fitness center chain headquartered in Carlsbad, California. It is the second largest fitness chain in the United States based on revenue after LA Fitness, and the fourth in number of clubs (behind LA Fitness, Anytime Fitness and Gold's Gym), operating 244 clubs across nine U.S. states. The company was originally founded by Mark S. Mastrov and was sold to Forstmann Little & Co in 2005, and then to AEA investors and Ontario Teachers Pension Plan in 2014.

After the COVID-19 pandemic forced gym closures and ravaged the fitness industry in 2020, the company filed for bankruptcy in June 2020, closed over 130 clubs, and successfully emerged from bankruptcy under new owners Sculptor Capital Investments LLC, Monarch Alternative Capital LP and Cyrus Capital Partners LP in December, 2020.
Vendor lock-in
In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock‑in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.

The use of open standards and alternative options makes systems tolerant of change, so that decisions can be postponed until more information is available or unforeseen events are addressed. Vendor lock-in does the opposite: it makes it difficult to move from one solution to another.

Lock-in costs that create barriers to market entry may result in antitrust action against a monopoly.

Barriers to entry
In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a fixed cost that must be incurred by a new entrant, regardless of production or sales activities, into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.
Because barriers to entry protect incumbent firms and restrict competition in a market, they can contribute to distortionary prices and are therefore most important when discussing antitrust policy. Barriers to entry often cause or aid the existence of monopolies and oligopolies, or give companies market power.
Barriers of entry also have an importance in industries. First of all it is important to identify that some exist naturally, such as brand loyalty.
Governments can also create barriers to entry to meet consumer protection laws, protecting the public. In other cases it can also be due to inherent scarcity of public resources needed to enter a market.
1st Arkansas Light Artillery
The 1st Arkansas Light Artillery, originally known as the Fort Smith Artillery (1861), was an artillery battery of the Confederate States Army that served during the American Civil War. The unit was actually a pre-war volunteer militia company which was activated as part of the Arkansas State Troops and mustered out of state service following the Battle of Wilson's Creek. The unit immediately re-organized and re-enlisted for Confederate service. The unit spent the majority of the war in the western theater, fighting as part of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The unit is also known as Reid's Battery, Provence's Battery, Humphreys' Battery and finally Rivers' Battery.

Benjamin McCulloch
Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. He was killed in action in 1862 at the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas.
LGBTQ culture in Metro Detroit
The LGBT community in Metro Detroit is centered in Ferndale, Michigan, as of 2007. As of 1997, many LGBT people live in Ferndale, Pleasant Ridge, and Royal Oak. Model D stated in 2007 that there are populations of gays and lesbians in some Detroit neighborhoods such as East English Village, Indian Village, Lafayette Park, and Woodbridge and that the concentration of gay bars in Detroit is "decentralized".

Lafayette Park, Detroit
Lafayette Park is a neighborhood located east of Downtown Detroit. It contains a residential area of some 4,900 people and covers 0.37 sq mi.

The northern section, planned and partially built in the 1950s by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places; it was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2015. Lafayette Park is located on the city's lower east side directly south of the Eastern Market Historic District.
Taymyrsky mine
The Taymyrsky mine is a large copper mine in the center of Russia in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Taymyrsky represents one of the largest copper reserves in the world, having estimated reserves of 1.68 billion tonnes (1.65 billion long tons; 1.85 billion short tons) of ore grading 3.49% copper.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Luca Dallavalle
Luca Dallavalle (born 14 July 1987) is an Italian mountain bike orienteer. He won a bronze medal in the middle distance at the 2010 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Montalegre. 5 years later, at the 2015 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Liberec, he won 3 medals: one gold, one silver and one bronze, respectively on the sprint, middle and long distance races.
In June 2016 he's on the top of males world ranking of MTB-O.

Dallavalle practises also extreme skiing. He skied many classical lines in Dolomites, Adamello-Presanella, Ortles-Cevedale in Alps and he found new extreme descent lines from the same mountains.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
Cute Overload
Cute Overload was a blog featuring commentary, photos and videos related to various aspects of cuteness in animals. The site was created by Megan Frost. It ranked #803 in the most influential English blog list compiled by Technorati, #16,387 in  Alexa's "World Traffic Ranking" and, according to Quantcast, it received an average of 33,700 visits per day in 2011. On January 18, 2016, the site announced it was closing down.

Technorati
Technorati is a search engine and a publisher advertising platform. Technorati launched its ad network in 2008. In 2016, Synacor acquired Technorati for $3 million.

The company's core product was previously an Internet search engine for searching blogs. The website stopped indexing blogs and assigning authority scores in 2014 with the launch of its new website, which is focused on online publishing and advertising. Technorati was founded by Dave Sifry, with its headquarters in San Francisco. Kevin Marks was the site's Principal Engineer. Tantek Çelik was the site's Chief Technologist.
Jurisprudence of interests
In European legal history and the philosophy of law, the jurisprudence of interests is a doctrine of legal positivism of the early 20th century, according to which a written law must be interpreted to reflect the interests it is to promote. The main proponents of the jurisprudence of interests were Philipp Heck, Rudolf Müller-Erzbach, Arthur F. Bentley and Roscoe Pound.

The school of legal positivism passed through the phase of the jurisprudence of interests after the jurisprudence of concepts. In the jurisprudence of interests, one interprets a law essentially in terms of the purposes it is intended to accomplish. This doctrine is characterized by the idea of obedience to law, and subsumption as the resolution of conflicts of interests in the concrete and in the abstract, whereby the interests necessary to life in society, as materialized in that law, should prevail. It is therefore a distinctly teleological school.

Arthur F. Bentley
Arthur Fisher Bentley (October 16, 1870  – May 21, 1957) was an American political scientist and philosopher who worked in the fields of epistemology, logic and linguistics and who contributed to the development of a behavioral methodology of political science.
Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)
Rheinauen is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Waldsee. Before 1 January 2016, the Verbandsgemeinde was named Waldsee.

The Verbandsgemeinde Rheinauen consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Altrip

Neuhofen

Otterstadt

Waldsee

49°24′N 8°26′E﻿ / ﻿49.40°N 8.43°E﻿ / 49.40; 8.43

Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
The Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis (German: [ʁaɪnˈpfaltsˌkʁaɪs]) is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) the district-free city Worms, the district Bergstraße, district-free Mannheim, Frankenthal and Ludwigshafen, Rhein-Neckar, district-free Speyer, the districts Karlsruhe, Germersheim, Südliche Weinstraße and Bad Dürkheim.
1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho
The 1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho were held on November 3, 1992, to elect the state of Idaho's two members to the United States House of Representatives. In the 1st district, Democratic Congressman Larry LaRocco was re-elected to a second term. In the 2nd district, Democratic Congressman Richard H. Stallings unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate rather than seek re-election, and he was succeeded by Idaho Senate President Pro Tempore Mike Crapo, the Republican nominee.

Ketchum, Idaho
Ketchum is a city in Blaine County, Idaho, United States. Located in the central part of the state, the population was 3,551 at the 2020 census, up from 2,689 in 2010. Located in the Wood River Valley, Ketchum is adjacent to Sun Valley and the communities share many resources: both sit in the same valley beneath Bald Mountain, with its skiing. The city also draws tourists to its fishing, hiking, trail riding, tennis, shopping, art galleries, and more. The airport for Ketchum, Friedman Memorial Airport, is approximately 15 miles (24 km) south in Hailey.
Bohdan Dobrzański
Bohdan Dobrzański (3 March 1909 – 15 July 1987) was a Polish soil scientist, agrophysicist, agronomist, academic, and professor at several Warsaw- and Lublin-based universities. As the Rector of the Lublin Higher School of Agriculture, he led the formation of the first Chair of Soil Science in Poland. Dobrzański was a pioneer of agrophysics in Poland, a founder and long-time director of the Institute of Agrophysics in Lublin, and the Polish Journal of Soil Science. He is a co-author of the official Table of Land Classes and criteria for valorisation of agricultural production areas. He was awarded a number of prizes and medals including The Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.