hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bates Gill
Bates Gill (/beɪts gɪl/, Chinese: 季北慈) is an American international relations scholar specialized in Chinese foreign policy and politics, currently serving as executive director of Asia Society's Center for China Analysis. He formerly was Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

Gill's research has focused on arms control, non-proliferation, peacekeeping and military-technical development related to China and the Asia-Pacific region. His work has also encompassed other contemporary security-related issues including multilateral security organizations, the impact of domestic politics and development on the foreign policies of states, and the nexus of public health and security. Currently, his work focuses on the role of the Chinese Communist Party in the deliberation and implementation of Chinese foreign and security policy, and China's engagement with the Global South.

Asia Society
The Asia Society is a 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on educating the world about Asia. It has several centers in the United States (Manhattan, Washington, D.C., Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle) and around the world (Hong Kong, Manila, Seoul, Melbourne, Sydney, Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Paris and Zurich). The Society's headquarters are in New York City, and includes a museum that exhibits pre-modern, modern, and contemporary art from Asia, Oceania and the Asian diaspora. Asia Society also publishes an online magazine, ChinaFile.

In January 2024, Kyung-wha Kang, who served as the first female Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea, from 2017 to 2021, was named its president and CEO, effective in April 2024. Asia Society has been described as a participant in the Chinese Communist Party's "backchannel" diplomatic efforts.
Ara Canal
The Ara Canal or Gyeongin Ara Waterway (Korean: 경인 아라뱃길) is a canal in South Korea linking the Han River to the Yellow Sea, bypassing the Korean Demilitarized Zone that the river's estuary lies in. It extends from the Seo-gu district in Incheon to the Gangseo-gu district in Seoul. The canal was built to control flooding, improve shipping logistics, and provide recreational opportunities.

Seo District, Incheon
Seo District (Korean: 서구; RR: Seo-gu; lit. West District) is the largest district in Incheon, South Korea. It has an area 111.2 square kilometres (42.9 sq mi), and it has the largest area of farmland in Incheon.

In the past, Seo-gu was part of 'Buk-gu'. In 1988, a part of the ward was separated to form 'Seo-gu'.
Twombly (cyclecar)
The Twombly was an American cyclecar manufactured by Driggs-Seabury between 1913 and 1915. The cars had water-cooled, four-cylinder engines, two seats in tandem, and an underslung body. Few of them are still in existence.

The car was designed by Willard Irving Twombly (1873-1953). His largest investor, Reverend David Stuart Dodge petitioned for bankruptcy in 1915 claiming he was owed $428,238 by the Twombly group of companies for loans and interest. Shortly after this, Twombly became involved in an expensive divorce case and was eventually jailed following accusations of bigamy and misconduct.

Water cooling
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion.

Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. Water coolers utilising convective heat transfer are used inside some high-end personal computers to further lower the temperature of CPUs and other components compared to air cooling.

Other uses include the cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; for cooling buildings in HVAC and in chillers.
Varun Chakravarthy
Varun Chakravarthy Vinod (born 29 August 1991) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the India national team as a right-arm leg spin bowler. He represents Tamil Nadu in domestic cricket, and plays for Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League and Dindigul Dragons in the Tamil Nadu Premier League. He was a member of the Indian team that won the 2025 Champions Trophy and the 2025 Asia Cup. In December 2025, he became the highest rated Indian bowler ever in the ICC rankings for Twenty20 Internationals with 818 points.

ICC Men's Player Rankings
The International Cricket Council player rankings is a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances.

The ratings were developed at the suggestion of Ted Dexter in 1987. The intention was to produce a better indication of players' current standing in the sport than is provided by comparing their averages. Career averages are based on a player's entire career and do not make any allowance for match conditions or the strength of the opposition, whereas the ratings are weighted towards recent form and account for match conditions and the quality of the opponent using statistical algorithms.

Initially the rankings were for Test cricket only, but separate One Day International rankings were introduced in 1998. Both sets of rankings have now been calculated back to the start of those forms of the game. The rankings include the top 10 Test, ODI and T20I batsmen, bowlers and all-rounders based on the rating of each player.
Sartwell
Sartwell is an American surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Crispin Sartwell (born 1958), American philosopher, self-professed anarchist and journalist

Philip Sartwell (1908–1999), American epidemiologist and professor

Henry Parker Sartwell (1792–1867), American botanist

Crispin Sartwell
Crispin Gallagher Sartwell (born June 20, 1958) is an American academic, philosopher, and journalist who was a faculty member of the philosophy department at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania until he retired in 2023. He has taught philosophy, communication, and political science at Vanderbilt University, University of Alabama, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, the Maryland Institute College of Art, and Dickinson College.
70th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
70th Siege Battery, was a heavy howitzer unit of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) formed  during World War I. It saw active service on the Western Front at the Somme, Vimy Ridge and Cambrai, against the German spring offensive, and in the final Hundred Days Offensive.

Battle of Pozières
The Battle of Pozières (23 July – 3 September 1916) took place in northern France around the village of Pozières, during the Battle of the Somme. The costly fighting ended with the British in possession of the plateau north and east of the village and in a position to menace the German bastion of Thiepval from the rear. The Australian official historian Charles Bean wrote that Pozières ridge "is more densely sown with Australian sacrifice than any other place on earth".
Sunderland Power Station
Sunderland Power Station was a coal-fired power station situated on the bank of the River Wear, in the city centre of Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, North East England. The station was initially built in 1901 by the Sunderland Corporation and had several extensions added.

River Wear
The River Wear (/ˈwɪər/ ⓘ, WEER) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham, to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland. At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.
Candango for Best Actress
Candango for Best Actress is an award given to movie actresses annually at the Brasilia Film Festival (Festival de Brasília do Cinema Brasileiro). Besides the statuette "Candango" winning receive a prize of R$ 15 000.

Brazilian real
The Brazilian real (pl. reais;  sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.

As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency.
Islas del Cisne Airport
Islas del Cisne Airport (ICAO: MHIC) is an airport serving the Swan Islands (Islas del Cisne), Honduras. It is located on Great Swan Island, in the Caribbean Sea, 180 kilometres (110 mi) north of the Honduran coast.

Approach and departure are over the water. The Islas del Cisne non-directional beacon (ident: SWA) is just off the western end of the runway. The Roatan VOR-DME (Ident: ROA) is located 162.5 nautical miles (301 km) west-southwest of the airport.  A small Honduran naval garrison maintains the facility.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma
The Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma is a basic result in mathematical fixed-point theory published in 1929 by Knaster, Kuratowski and Mazurkiewicz.

The KKM lemma can be proved from Sperner's lemma and can be used to prove the Brouwer fixed-point theorem.

Bronisław Knaster
Bronisław Knaster (22 May 1893 – 3 November 1980) was a Polish mathematician; from 1939 a university professor in Lwów and from 1945 in Wrocław.

In 1945, he completed a project in collaboration with Karol Borsuk and Kazimierz Kuratowski concerning the establishment of the Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

He is known for his work in point-set topology and in particular for his discoveries in 1922 of the hereditarily indecomposable continuum or pseudo-arc and of the Knaster continuum, or buckethandle continuum. Together with his teacher Hugo Steinhaus and his colleague Stefan Banach, he also developed the last diminisher procedure for fair cake cutting.: 2

Knaster received his Ph.D. degree from University of Warsaw in 1922 under the supervision of Stefan Mazurkiewicz.
2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament
The 2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2014 Women's NCAA tournament. The annual tournament began on March 19 and ended on April 5. All games were played on the campus sites of participating schools. The Tournament was won by the Rutgers Scarlet Knights who defeated the UTEP Miners, 56–54, in the championship game before a sellout crowd of 12,222 at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights women's basketball
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights women's basketball team is the intercollegiate women's basketball program representing Rutgers University–New Brunswick. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Scarlet Knights play home basketball games at the Louis Brown Athletic Center on the university campus in Piscataway, New Jersey.
Hydnellum frondosum
Hydnellum frondosum is a tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Nova Scotia, Canada, it was described as new to science in 1961 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison. Its fruitbodies have caps that individually measure 1.8–4 cm (0.7–1.6 in) across, but can coalesce to create larger fused structures up to 14 cm (5.5 in). The cap surface is greyish brown, with broad whitish margins in age. The spines on the cap underside are small–up to 1 mm long, and extend quite a ways down the length of the stipe. The spore print is fawn; individual spores are roughly spherical and measure 3.5–4.5 by 3–4 μm. Fruit bodies have been found growing near pine and hemlock, in mixed forest of Kings County, Nova Scotia.

Tsuga
Tsuga (/ˈsuːɡə/, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous.

The genus comprises eight to ten species (depending on the authority), with four species occurring in North America and four to six in eastern Asia.
Ibru
Ibru  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Ibru (1945–2011), Nigerian businessman and politician

Cecilia Ibru (born 1946), Nigerian bank chief

Elvina Ibru (born 1972), Nigerian actress

Felix Ibru (1935–2016), Nigerian architect and politician

Goodie Ibru (born 1942), Nigerian businessman

Maiden Alex Ibru (born 1949), Nigerian media executive

Michael Ibru (1930–2016), Nigerian industrialist

Oskar Ibru (1958–2025), Nigerian businessman and socialite

Maiden Alex Ibru
The Lady Maiden Ibru, MFR, née Thomopulos (born 20 November 1949) is a Nigerian media executive, newspaper proprietor and high society matriarch. She is the Chair and Publisher of the Guardian Newspapers.
Robert Daudelin
Robert Daudelin (born May 31, 1939, in Bromont, Quebec) is a Canadian film administrator and historian, best known as the longtime director of the Cinémathèque québécoise.

He was a founder of the Quebec film magazine Objectif, a programmer for the Montreal International Film Festival, and the first director of the Conseil québécois pour la diffusion du cinéma, and has served on the board of the International Federation of Film Archives. In 1987, he made Konitz: Portrait of the Artist as a Saxophonist, a documentary film about jazz musician Lee Konitz, for the National Film Board.

He received Quebec's Prix Albert-Tessier for contributions to Quebec cinema in 2002, a Special Achievement Genie in 2003, and was named as a Member of the Order of Canada in 2004.

Bromont
Bromont (French pronunciation: [bʁɔmɔ̃]) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada, at the base of Mont Brome; it is in the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality. The Bromont area and its resort, Ski Bromont, is well known as a tourist destination for its downhill skiing, mountain biking, BMX-riding and water slides. It also features golf and equestrian events in moderate weather. Bromont also boasts a high-tech industrial park, which includes IBM, General Electric, and Teledyne DALSA. Bromont (Roland Désourdy) Airport serves the region.

In the southern portion of the city lies Lac Bromont, the largest lake within the city limits, and the smaller Lac Gale, near which is built BALNEA Spa, the largest bathhouse resort in Quebec.
Still Movement with Hymn
Still Movement with Hymn is a composition for piano quartet by the American composer Aaron Jay Kernis.  It was composed in 1993 and was given its world premiere at Princeton University on November 11, 1993.  It is dedicated to the memory of the composer Stephen Albert, who died unexpectedly in 1992.  The piece was a finalist for the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for Music.

Aaron Jay Kernis
Aaron Jay Kernis (born January 15, 1960) is a Pulitzer Prize- and Grammy Award-winning American composer serving as a member of the Yale School of Music faculty. Kernis spent 15 years as the music advisor to the Minnesota Orchestra and as director of the Minnesota Orchestra's Composers' Institute, and is currently the workshop director of the Nashville Symphony Composer Lab. He has received numerous awards and honors throughout his thirty-five-year career. He lives in New York City with his wife, pianist Evelyne Luest, and their two children.
Highland single malts
Highland single malts are single malt Scotch whiskies produced in the Highland region of Scotland. This categorisation includes whiskies produced on the islands around the perimeter of Scotland (the Island single malts), except for Islay (see Islay whisky). Incongruously, the area includes lowland areas in the North-East, such as Moray and Aberdeenshire.

Islay single malts
Islay single malts are the single malt Scotch whiskies made on Islay (/ˈaɪlə/ EYE-lə) or Ìle in Gaelic, one of the southernmost of the Inner Hebridean Islands located off the west coast of Scotland. Islay is one of five whisky distilling localities and regions in Scotland whose identity is protected by law.

The region is characterised by whiskies with a peat smoke aroma, such as Laphroaig, Lagavulin and Ardbeg. In total, there are ten active distilleries on this island which measures only 25 by 15 miles (40 by 24 kilometres), and the industry is Islay's second largest employer after agriculture. Islay is a centre of "whisky tourism", and hosts a "Festival of Malt and Music" known as Fèis Ìle each year on the last week of May, with events and tastings celebrating the cultural heritage of the island.
The Oriel
The Oriel (also known as The Oriel of Gilford) was a restaurant in Gilford, County Down, Northern Ireland. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in both 2004 and 2005.

In 2005 the restaurant also gained recognition of the Egon Ronay Guide. The Guide listed it as one of the 25 best restaurants in the United Kingdom. The restaurant closed down in 2006. The head chef of The Oriel was Barry Smyth.

Gilford, County Down
Gilford is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland. The village sits on the River Bann between the towns of Banbridge, Tandragee and Portadown. It covers the townlands of Loughans, Ballymacanallen and Drumaran. It had a population of 1,957 people in the 2021 census. Gilford is in the Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon district.
D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)
"D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)" is a song written by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by No I.D. The song was released as a digital download on June 23, 2009, and as the first single from Jay-Z's 11th studio album, The Blueprint 3. The song made its world premiere on the New York radio station Hot 97 on June 5. Its lyrics address the overusage of Auto-Tune in the music industry. The song samples "In the Space" by the Montenegrin composer Janko Nilović. The bridge is inspired by Steam's "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" and interpolates lyrics from Kanye West's "Big Brother", and "You're Nobody (Till Somebody Kills You)" by The Notorious B.I.G. The song won Jay-Z his eighth Grammy Award, and his second for Best Rap Solo Performance. It peaked at No. 24 on Billboard Hot 100.

Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye
"Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" is a 1969 song written and recorded by Paul Leka, Gary DeCarlo, and Dale Frashuer, attributed to a then-fictitious band Steam. It was released under the Mercury subsidiary label Fontana and became a number-one pop single on the Billboard Hot 100 in late 1969, and remained on the charts in early 1970.
219 BC
Year 219 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Salinator (or, less frequently, year 535 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 219 BC for this year has been used since the Early Middle Ages, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Cleomenes III
Cleomenes III (Ancient Greek: Κλεομένης) was one of the two kings of Sparta from 235 to 222 BC. He was a member of the Agiad dynasty and succeeded his father, Leonidas II.  He is known for his attempts to reform the Spartan state.

From 229 to 222 BC, Cleomenes waged war against the Achaean League under Aratus of Sicyon. After being defeated by the Macedonians in the Battle of Sellasia in 222 BC, he fled to Ptolemaic Egypt. After a failed revolt in 219 BC, he committed suicide.
Harib Al-Habsi
Harib Abdullah Harib Al-Habsi (Arabic: حارب عبدالله حارب الحبسي; born 4 December 1986), commonly known as Harib Al-Habsi, is an Omani footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Mudhaibi SC in the Oman First Division League. He has also played for the Omani national team.

Oman First Division League
The Oman First Division League (known as the Omantel First Division League for sponsorship purposes) is the second-highest football league in Oman. Contested by 12 teams, the top 2 replace the bottom two in the Oman Professional League, while the third-placed faces the third-last-placed team in a play-off to gain promotion.
McLaren M23
The McLaren M23 was a Formula One racing car designed by Gordon Coppuck, with input from John Barnard, and built by the McLaren team. It was a development of the McLaren M16 Indianapolis 500 car. A Ford Cosworth DFV engine was used, which was prepared by specialist tuning company Nicholson-McLaren Engines. This helped push the DFV's horsepower output to around 490 bhp.

A total of 13 chassis were built, with serial numbers 1 to 12 and 14. No number 13 chassis was built, as it was deemed to be unlucky.

McLaren M16
The McLaren M16 was a race car designed and built by McLaren between 1971 and 1976 for American open wheel racing. It is the most successful car of the 1970s at the Indianapolis 500 with three wins in 1972, 1974 and 1976 and the last one to win with the Offenhauser engine.
United States v. Santos
United States v. Santos, 553 U.S. 507 (2008), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the rule of lenity requires that the federal money-laundering statute's use of the inherently-ambiguous term "proceeds" be read in the light favorable to the accused. Here, that means it includes criminal "profit" and not criminal "receipts."

Rule of lenity
The rule of lenity, also called the rule of strict construction, is a principle in criminal law that requires a court to interpret an ambiguous or unclear criminal statute in the way that is most favorable to the defendant. The rule has a long history in the English and American common law tradition and has been an important element of the relationship between the courts and the legislature, but its role in modern jurisprudence is less clear.
Believers (A. A. Bondy album)
Believers  is the third album by folk artist A.A. Bondy, released September 13, 2011, on Fat Possum Records. The album was recorded at Mant/Kingsize Studios in Glassell Park, Los Angeles in the spring of 2011 and produced by Rob Schnapf.

Fat Possum Records
Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.