hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flooding (computer networking)
Flooding is used in computer network routing algorithms in which every incoming packet is sent through every outgoing link except the one it arrived on.

Flooding is used in bridging and in systems such as Usenet and peer-to-peer file sharing and as part of some routing protocols, including OSPF, DVMRP, and those used in ad-hoc wireless networks (WANETs).

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), defined in RFC 1075, is a routing protocol used to share information between routers to facilitate the transportation of IP multicast packets among networks. It formed the basis of the Internet's historic multicast backbone, Mbone.
Rotterdam (play)
Rotterdam is a play by British playwright Jon Brittain. Rotterdam premiered at south London's Theatre 503 in November 2015. The production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in July 2016. The production then transferred to the Arts Theatre for a limited run from 21 June to 15 July 2017

The play deals with transgender relationships, gender, and sexuality.

It was named Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre at the 2017 Olivier Awards.

Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre
The Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award, introduced in 2004, recognizes excellence in theatre works throughout London, beyond the West End theatres that are considered for all the original Olivier Awards. This award also includes works performed by junior companies, or in smaller rooms, within the traditional West End theatres.
Agila (TV series)
Agila (International title: Eagle) was a Philippine television drama series produced by TAPE Inc. and broadcast by RPN and ABS-CBN. Directed by Herman Escueta, it starred Val Sotto, Delia Razon, and Helen Vela. It aired from September 7, 1987 to February 7, 1992, replacing Heredero and was replaced by Valiente.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Lac la Hache 220
Lac la Hache 220 is an Indian reserve of the Hatchet Lake Dene Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 354 kilometres (220 mi) north of Flin Flon. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 1377 living in 260 of its 282 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 37 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation
Hatchet Lake Denesuline Nation (Chipewyan: Tthęł Tué Dene) is a Denesuline First Nation in northern Saskatchewan. The main settlement, Wollaston Lake, is an unincorporated community on Wollaston Lake in the boreal forest of north-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada.

The population centre comprises the northern settlement of Wollaston Lake, an unincorporated community in the Northern Saskatchewan Administration District, and the adjoining First Nations community of Wollaston Post, the administrative headquarters of the Hatchet Lake Dene First Nation band government.

Access is provided by Wollaston Lake Airport and Highway 905. With the highway on the west side of the lake and the community on the east, access from the highway is provided by an ice road in the winter and by the Wollaston Barge Ferry in the summer. Highway 995 services the community and runs from the airport to the barge.
I'm So Tired (Fugazi song)
"I'm So Tired" is a song by the American punk rock band Fugazi. Released on their 1999 album Instrument Soundtrack, the song is a piano ballad played and sung by vocalist Ian MacKaye, a departure from the band's typical post-hardcore output.

Commentators have described the song's lyrics as pertaining to depression and suicidal ideation.

Fugazi
Fugazi (/fuˈɡɑːzi/; foo-GAH-zee) is an American post-hardcore band formed in Washington, D.C., in 1986. The band consists of guitarists and vocalists Ian MacKaye and Guy Picciotto, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. They were noted for their style-transcending music, DIY ethical stance, manner of business practice, and contempt for the music industry.

Fugazi performed numerous worldwide tours and produced six studio albums, a film, and a comprehensive live series, gaining the band critical acclaim and success around the world. Highly influential on punk and alternative music, the band has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2003.
Nishi-Akashi Station
Nishi-Akashi Station (西明石駅, Nishi-Akashi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). As part of the Urban Network, the ICOCA, Suica, PiTaPa, TOICA and SUGOCA can all be used on the San'yō Main Line (they can not be used for Shinkansen service).

ICOCA
ICOCA (Japanese: イコカ, romanized: Ikoka) is a rechargeable contactless smart card used on the JR West rail network in Japan. The card was launched on November 1, 2003, for usage on the Urban Network, which encompasses the major cities of Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe (Keihanshin). It is now usable on many other networks nationwide. The ICOCA area has gradually been expanded, and now includes the San'yo region through the Okayama and Hiroshima urban areas, and some lines in northern Shikoku, San'in and Hokuriku regions as of 2024.

ICOCA is an abbreviation of "IC Operating Card" and is also a play on the phrase "Iko ka" (行こか), an informal, Kansai dialect invitation meaning "Shall we go?"

The mascot for ICOCA is a blue platypus named Ico the Platypus (カモノハシのイコちゃん, Kamonohashi no Iko-chan). Platypus characters for the children's ICOCA also exist and are named Icota (イコ太, Ikota) and Icomi (イコ美, Ikomi).
Rope chain
A rope chain is a metal chain necklace consisting of several small links which pattern the shape of a rope. The rope chain begins as a metal wire and is twisted into links.

The style is immensely popular throughout the world. These chains are most popular in silver and gold but can also be made with other metals as well.

The rope chain is popular within the Hip hop community and was popularized by Golden age rap groups, Run D.M.C. as well as Eric B. & Rakim.

Necklace
A necklace is an article of jewellery that is worn around the neck. Necklaces may have been one of the earliest types of adornment worn by humans. They often serve ceremonial, religious, magical, or funerary purposes and are also used as symbols of wealth and status, given that they are commonly made of precious metals and stones.

The main component of a necklace is the band, chain, or cord that wraps around the neck. It is most often rendered in precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum. Necklaces often have additional attachments suspended or inset into the necklace itself. These attachments typically include pendants, lockets, amulets, crosses, and precious and semiprecious materials such as diamond, pearls, rubies, emeralds, garnets, and sapphires. They are made with many different type of materials and are used for many things and sometimes classified as clothing.
Meerut Teachers constituency
Meerut Teachers constituency is one of 100 Legislative Council seats in Uttar Pradesh. This constituency comes under Bulandshahar, Ghaziabad, Gautambuddhnagar, Bagpat, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar and Saharanpur districts.

Bagpat district
Bagpat district, also spelled as Baghpat district, is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with headquarters at the town of Baghpat. It is within the National Capital Region. Created in 1997, the district has an area of 1,321 square kilometres (510 sq mi). Baghpat has a population of 1,303,048 as of 2011 census.
2009 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2009 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center in Boston, Massachusetts. Organized by USA Track and Field (USATF), the two-day competition took place February 28-March 1 and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States. The championships in combined track and field events were held at a later date.

At the meeting, Jennifer Stuczynski broke her own American record in the women's pole vault, jumping 4.83 m.

Jenn Suhr
Jennifer Lynn Suhr (née Stuczynski; born February 5, 1982) is an American former pole vaulter. She has been an Olympic and World champion, has been ranked #1 in the World, has been the #1 American pole vaulter since 2006, and has won a total of 17 US National Championships (7 Indoor, 10 Outdoor). She holds the world indoor pole vault record at 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in). She holds the American women's pole vault record indoors. In 2008, she won the U.S. Olympic trials, setting an American record of 4.92 m (16 ft 2 in) and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympics. She won the gold medal at the London Olympics on August 6, 2012. Track & Field News named her American Female Athlete of the Year for 2008.
2022 San Luis Open Challenger – Doubles
Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champions but only Reyes-Varela chose to defend his title, partnering Nicolás Barrientos. Reyes-Varela successfully defended his title, defeating Luis David Martínez and Felipe Meligeni Alves 7–6(13–11), 6–2 in the final.

Felipe Meligeni Alves
Felipe Meligeni Rodrigues Alves (born 19 February 1998) is a Brazilian professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 117 achieved on 21 April 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 75 achieved on 20 June 2022. He is currently the No. 5 Brazilian singles player.
Piyush Sahdev
Piyush Sahdev (born 12 March 1982) is an Indian television actor. He has appeared in several TV daily soaps but is known for his roles of Rama in Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev, Abhigyan in SuperCops Vs SuperVillains, Kabir Tripathi in Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke, Pawan Bakshi inDevanshi and Samay in Beyhadh. He is the brother of popular actors, Meher Vij and Gireesh Sahdev.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
National Route 1 (South Korea)
National Route 1 (Korean: 국도 제1호선; RR: Gukdo Je Il(1) Hoseon) is a national highway in South Korea. It connects Mokpo, South Jeolla Province with the city of Paju in Gyeonggi-do. Before the division of the Korean peninsula, the highway ran until Sinuiju, North P'yongan Province, in present-day North Korea.

Jeonju
Jeonju (Korean: 전주, Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕʌɲ.d͡ʑu], lit. 'Perfect region') is the capital and largest city of the state of Jeonbuk, South Korea. It is both urban and rural due to the closeness of Wanju County which almost entirely surrounds Jeonju (Wanju County has many residents who work in Jeonju). It is an important tourist center famous for South Korean cuisine, historic buildings, sports activities, and innovative festivals.

In May 2012, Jeonju was chosen as a Creative City for Gastronomy as part of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. This honor recognizes the city's traditional home cooking handed down over thousands of years, its active public and private food research, a system of nurturing talented chefs, and its hosting of distinctive food festivals.

Jeonju is a city with over 1,300 years of history and culture. The city has produced many scholars and has a developed publishing industry.
Nabidh
Nabīth (Arabic: نبيذ [naˈbiːð]) is a traditional fermented drink from the Arabian Peninsula typically made from dates steeped in water, although it can also be made with dried grapes (raisins). Nabidh is usually non-intoxicating, but if left for a certain period of time, it can turn mildly intoxicating, or heavily intoxicating depending on the level of fermentation.

Nabidh is known to increase alcoholic content to intoxication levels, depending on the surrounding conditions. As alcohol is considered haram by many modern Muslims, Nabidh is only fermented for a certain amount of time before it becomes alcohol. According to the hadith collection by Imam Malik Ibn Anas, it is forbidden to "prepare nabidh in a gourd or in a jug smeared with pitch."

Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.
Adriaan Kortlandt
Adriaan Kortlandt (25 January 1918, Rotterdam – 18 October 2009, Amsterdam) was a Dutch ethologist. He has been described together with Vernon Reynolds and Jane Goodall as "...one of a trio of pioneers ... who founded field studies of chimpanzees in the 1960s."

Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures.

Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories. Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.
Horace Ginsbern
Horace Ginsbern (né Ginsberg, 1902–1987) was an American architect. His firm, Horace Ginsbern & Associates, was responsible for the Park Plaza Apartments the first Art Deco building in the Bronx, New York, as well as the Fish Building on the Grand Concourse. He also designed 225 East 74th Street in Manhattan, which was built by the Bricken Brothers (1937); it has been the home to many people in the arts including violinist Felix Galimir and playwright/screenwriter David Shaw (Redhead, If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium).

Redhead (musical)
Redhead is a musical with music composed by Albert Hague and lyrics by Dorothy Fields, who with her brother, Herbert, along with Sidney Sheldon and David Shaw wrote the book/libretto. Set in London in the 1880s, around the time of Jack the Ripper, the musical is a murder mystery in the setting of a wax museum.
Krull's theorem
In mathematics, and more specifically in ring theory, Krull's theorem, named after Wolfgang Krull, asserts that a nonzero ring has at least one maximal ideal.  The theorem was proved in 1929 by Krull, who used transfinite induction.  The theorem admits a simple proof using Zorn's lemma, and in fact is equivalent to Zorn's lemma, which in turn is equivalent to the axiom of choice.

Zero ring
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly, the term "zero ring" is used to refer to any rng of square zero, i.e., a rng in which xy = 0 for all x and y. This article refers to the one-element ring.)

In the category of rings, the zero ring is the terminal object, whereas the ring of integers Z is the initial object.
2010 Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard
The 2010 Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard was the 2010 edition of the Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Men's Curling Championship. It was held February 2–7 at the Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard
The Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard is the Newfoundland and Labrador provincial championship for men's curling. The tournament is run by the Newfoundland and Labrador Curling Association. The winner represents Team Newfoundland and Labrador at the Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship.
Sir Henry Bruce, 3rd Baronet
Sir Henry Hervey Bruce, 3rd Baronet PC (Ire) (22 September 1820 – 8 December 1907) was an Irish Conservative politician. He was Member of Parliament for Coleraine from 1862 to 1874, and from 1880 to 1885.

Irish Conservative Party
The Irish Conservative Party, often called the Irish Tories, was one of the dominant Irish political parties in Ireland in the 19th century. It was affiliated with the Conservative Party in Great Britain. Throughout much of the century it and the Irish Liberal Party were rivals for electoral dominance among Ireland's small electorate within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with parties such as the movements of Daniel O'Connell and later the Independent Irish Party relegated into third place. The Irish Conservatives became the principal element of the Irish Unionist Alliance following the alliance's foundation in 1891.
Karelian Coast
66°27′48″N 33°27′47″E﻿ / ﻿66.46333°N 33.46306°E﻿ / 66.46333; 33.46306

The Karelian Coast (Russian: Карельский берег) is a coastal area in Murmansk Oblast and the Republic of Karelia in northwest Russia. It is located on the western side of the White Sea, between the northwesternmost extremity of the Kandalaksha Gulf and the mouth of the river Kem. The major rivers flowing to the sea at the coast are the Kovda and the Kem.

Administratively, the Karelian Coast is shared between Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast and Kemsky and Loukhsky Districts of the Republic of Karelia.

Inhabited localities such as Kovda, Beloye More, Lesozavodsky, Kem are all located at the Karelian Coast. The coast has been populated by Pomors and Karelians since no later than the 13th century.

Lesozavodsky, Murmansk Oblast
Lesozavodsky (Russian: Лесозаво́дский) is a rural locality (an inhabited locality) in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Population: 391 (2010 Census).
Do You Remember the First Time?
"Do You Remember the First Time?" is a song by British rock band Pulp, taken from their fourth studio album, His 'n' Hers (1994). With lyrics loosely based on Pulp frontman Jarvis Cocker's loss of virginity, the song saw some controversy for its sexual topic. Released as the second single from His 'n' Hers, the song reached number 33 in the UK, becoming the band's first top-40 hit in that country. The single was accompanied by a lengthy music video featuring celebrities discussing how they lost their virginity. The song has since become one of the band's most famous songs and has seen critical acclaim. The track also notably served as the band's opening song on their reunion tour setlist.

Nick Banks
Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965) is an English drummer, a member of the British band Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children. He is the nephew of Gordon Banks, goalkeeper of the 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning England squad.

Nick started playing drums aged 14 and was inspired by Paul Cook from the Sex Pistols and Blondie's Clem Burke.

He saw many of Pulp's early performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986 because "they were [his] favourite band".

Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates.

Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and BigShambles and remains a member of Pulp.

In 2023, Banks published a memoir entitled So It Started There, recounting his time in Pulp.
Merindad de Sotoscueva
Merindad de Sotoscueva is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 516 inhabitants. Its seat is in Cornejo.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Amblygonia
Amblygonia is a synonym of the moth genus Parcella Stichel, 1910 of the family Noctuidae. It is listed as a genus on Butterflies and Moths of the World.

The Global Lepidoptera Names Index also lists it as a synonym of Juncaria Walker, 1858 of the family Erebidae.

The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) is a searchable database maintained by the Department of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London. It is based on card indices and scanned journals, nomenclatural catalogues and the Zoological Record. It contains most of world's Lepidoptera names published until 1981 and for some groups is up to date. As of May 2023, the site reads "Database last updated January 2018" so the current validity of the taxonomic combinations presented should be adopted with caution.

LepIndex allows anyone free internet access to:

the zoological authority who named a butterfly or moth species

where the original description was published

status of the name (valid name or synonym)

It is the main source of Lepidoptera names in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System and Catalogue of Life.