hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William South Norton
William South Norton (8 June 1831 – 19 March 1916) was an English cricketer active from 1849 to 1870 who played for Kent and was the club captain for many years. He was born in Town Malling and died in London Charterhouse. He appeared in 87 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace with a roundarm action. He scored 2,010 runs with a highest score of 120* and held 63 catches. He took 84 wickets with a best analysis of seven for 57.

West Malling
West Malling (/ˈmɔːlɪŋ/ MAW-ling, historically Town Malling) is a market town in the Tonbridge and Malling district of Kent, England. It has a population of 2,590.

The name Malling derives from the Old English meallaingas meaning 'Mealla's people'.
Vanemuine Cultural Society
Vanemuine Cultural Society (Estonian: Vanemuine) is an Estonian cultural organization.

The society was established on 24 June 1865 by the initiative of Johann Voldemar Jannsen. At the beginning, the society focused on choir music.

In 1869, first Estonian Song Festival took place and the festival was organized by the society.

In 1870, first theatrical activities were taken place. These activities were the start of Estonian-language theatre.

In 1940, the society was closed.

In 1944, the society's buildings were destroyed due to military activity.

On 28 October 1994, the society re-established.

As of 2005, the society has 140 members.

Johann Voldemar Jannsen
Johann Voldemar Jannsen (16 May [O.S. 4 May] 1819 – 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1890) was an Estonian journalist. He was one of the earliest figures of the Estonian national awakening, which he promoted through his newspaper, the Eesti Postimees, and two Estonian Song Festivals. He wrote the nationalist song "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm", which became the national anthem of Estonia after its independence. Jannsen was the father of poet Lydia Koidula.
Leandro Fernández (actor)
Leandro Fernández is a Colombian-Spanish actor, musician and director. Son of actor and painter Domingo Fernández Adeba and brother of renowned actor Helios Fernández, and actress and musician Paola Fernández, Fernández studied on "Instituto Departamental de Bellas Artes" in Cali, Colombia, film direction in Madrid, Spain and moved to Miami, FL where he has been promoting the Hispanic theater since his arrival in 1999.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Sandy Creek (Apple Creek tributary)
Sandy Creek is a stream in northwest Cape Girardeau County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Little Apple Creek which flows into Apple Creek approximately one mile to the northeast.

The stream headwaters arise just north of Friedheim (at 37°34′42″N 89°49′14″W﻿ / ﻿37.57833°N 89.82056°W﻿ / 37.57833; -89.82056) and it flows southeast and east passing under Missouri Route KK twice then passing north of Arnsberg to its confluence with Little Apple Creek one-half mile west of I-55 (at 37°34′32″N 89°46′19″W﻿ / ﻿37.57556°N 89.77194°W﻿ / 37.57556; -89.77194).

Sandy Creek was so named due to the abundant sand along its course.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
GNU Privacy Guard
GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a free-software replacement for Symantec's cryptographic software suite PGP. The software is compliant with the now obsoleted RFC 4880, the IETF standards-track specification of OpenPGP. Modern versions of PGP are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP v4-compliant systems.

November 2023 saw two drafts aiming to update the 2007 OpenPGP v4 specification (RFC4880), ultimately resulting in the RFC 9580 standard in July 2024. The proposal from the GnuPG developers, which is called LibrePGP, was not taken up by the OpenPGP Working Group and future versions of GnuPG will not support the current version of OpenPGP.

GnuPG is part of the GNU Project and received major funding from the German government in 1999.

International Data Encryption Algorithm
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991. The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA is a minor revision of an earlier cipher, the Proposed Encryption Standard (PES).

The cipher was designed under a research contract with the Hasler Foundation, which became part of Ascom-Tech AG. The cipher was patented in a number of countries but was freely available for non-commercial use. The name "IDEA" is also a trademark. The last patents expired in 2012, and IDEA is now patent-free and thus completely free for all uses.

IDEA was used in Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) v2.0 and was incorporated after the original cipher used in v1.0, BassOmatic, was found to be insecure. IDEA is an optional algorithm in the OpenPGP standard.
1916 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1916 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their first year under head coach T. R. Mobley, the team compiled a 7–1 record.

1916 college football season
The 1916 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Army and Pittsburgh as national champions. Both Army and Pittsburgh claim a national championship for the 1916 season. Georgetown led the nation in scoring with 464 points.
Pukarzów, Łódź Voivodeship
Pukarzów [puˈkaʐuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Żytno, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 103 km (64 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
GeoJSON
GeoJSON is an open standard format designed for representing simple geographical features, along with their non-spatial attributes. It is based on the JSON format.

The features include points (therefore addresses and locations), line strings (therefore streets, highways and boundaries), polygons (countries, provinces, tracts of land), and multi-part collections of these types. GeoJSON features are not limited to representing entities of the physical world only; mobile routing and navigation apps, for example, might describe their service coverage using GeoJSON.

The GeoJSON format differs from other geographic information system standards in that it was written and is maintained not by a formal standards organization, but by an Internet working group of developers.

A notable offspring of GeoJSON is TopoJSON, an extension of GeoJSON that encodes geospatial topology and that typically provides smaller file sizes.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Dominick Ronayne
Dominick Ronanye (1790 – 14 January 1836) was an Irish politician.

Ronanye lived at Ringvine in County Waterford, and was a cousin of Daniel O'Connell.  He served as a barrister.  He stood in Dungarvan at the 1830 UK general election, but most of his voters were disallowed as they had instead registered in the County Waterford constituency, and he lost by 350 votes to 50.

At the 1832 UK general election, he stood in Clonmel and was elected for the Repeal Association.  He was re-elected in the 1835 UK general election as a Whig, but died in January 1836, still in office.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Congressional Leadership Fund
The Congressional Leadership Fund (CLF) is a Super PAC dedicated to electing Republicans to the U.S. House of Representatives. The Super PAC, which was closely linked to former House speaker John Boehner and House GOP leadership, was founded in 2011 and spent nearly $10 million in the 2012 cycle electing Republican candidates. Following Boehner's resignation from the U.S. Congress and the election of Paul D. Ryan as Speaker of the House, it became closely linked to Ryan.

Of The Guardian's ranking of the five most bigoted campaign ads during the 2018 election campaign, four of the five were ads by the CLF. During the 2018 mid-term elections. CLF produced a number of false ads, including two that falsely linked two Democratic candidates with terrorists. In one ad, the CLF depicted Antonio Delgado, an African-American Rhodes scholar with a Harvard Law degree, as a foul-mouthed and "disturbingly radical" rapper, and misrepresented lyrics from his rap career.

Super PAC
Independent expenditure-only political action committees, commonly known as super PACs, are a type of political action committees (PACs) in the United States. Unlike traditional PACs, super PACs are legally allowed to fundraise unlimited amounts of money from individuals or organizations for the purpose of campaign advertising; however, they are not permitted to either coordinate with or contribute directly to candidate campaigns or political parties. Super PACs are subject to the same organizational, reporting, and public disclosure requirements as traditional PACs. Many super PACs are candidate-oriented but some focus on specific issues, an industry, a piece of legislation or a federal administrative rule.
Resolis
Resolis (from the Scottish Gaelic Ruigh Sholais meaning Bright Slope) is a village and parish on the B9163 road, in the Black Isle in Scotland. It is part of the Presbytery of Ross. In 2011 it had a population of 362.

At the 2011 census, the population of the civil parish was 911.
The area of the parish is 12,472 acres. Resolis parish is also a community council area.

Resolis has a fairly large hall nearby "Resolis Community Hall" which is used by "Resolis Community Arts" and available for booking. This is often used by Scouts in order to set up camps. In 2025, it was used as a filming location on Episode 8 of the first series of The Celebrity Traitors.

The area has a school, "Resolis Primary School" which is associated with "Fortrose Academy." The school has approximately 60 pupils and also has pre-school education. They also offer Gaelic teachings, leading up to "Gaelic Medium"

The Celebrity Traitors
The Celebrity Traitors is a spin-off of the British version of the reality television series The Traitors. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 8 October 2025. Claudia Winkleman presented the series.

Following the premise of the parent series, the show features a group of contestants participating in a social deduction game similar to Mafia or Werewolf, set in and around Ardross Castle in Scotland. A small group of contestants is chosen as the titular "Traitors," and must work together to eliminate the other contestants to win a grand prize. The remaining contestants are the "Faithful" and are tasked to discover and banish the Traitors by voting them out to win the grand prize. Unlike the main series, the celebrity players are playing on behalf of a charity of their choice.

A second series has been confirmed for broadcast in 2026.
Rajesh Kumar Singh (civil servant)
Rajesh Kumar Singh (born 24 November 1964) is a 1989-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from the Kerala cadre. Singh was appointed the 40th Defence Secretary of India by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet and has been serving in the position since 1 November 2024. He earlier served as Secretary, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), and also as Secretary of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.

In his career, Singh also served as Director of Works and Urban Transport in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Other positions Singh has held include Commissioner (Lands) in the Delhi Development Authority, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Joint Secretary in the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, and the Chief Vigilance Officer of the Food Corporation of India. In his early career in the Kerala government, Singh's posts included Urban Development Secretary and Finance Secretary.

Delhi Development Authority
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) is a statutory body established under the Delhi Development Act, 1957, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India to "promote and secure the development of Delhi". It is tasked with large-scale land acquisition for affordable housing in Delhi, as well as planning, development and construction of residential projects and commercial lands. Its responsibilities included providing public facilities like roads, bridges, drains, underground water reservoirs, community centres, sports centres, and green belts  within the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.
National Audio-Visual Conservation Center
The National Audio-Visual Conservation Center (NAVCC) is a branch of the Library of Congress devoted to preserving the United States' audio-visual history.  It includes the Packard Campus (PCAVC), opened in 2007 to store the then entire 6.3 million piece collection of the Library's movie, television, and sound artifacts, the Center's largest facility; the Library's Motion Picture and Television Division and Recorded Sound Division reference centers on Capitol Hill; the Mary Pickford Theater; and any other Library of Congress audio-visual storage facilities that remain outside the Packard Campus audiovisual archive located inside Mount Pony in Culpeper, Virginia.

Packard Humanities Institute
The Packard Humanities Institute (PHI) is a non-profit foundation, established in 1987, and located in Los Altos, California, which funds projects in a wide range of conservation concerns in the fields of archaeology, music, film preservation, and historic conservation, plus Greek epigraphy, with an aim to create tools for basic research in the Humanities.
2021 Nur-Sultan Challenger
The 2021 Nur-Sultan Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan between 22 and 28 February 2021.

BeeTV Women's
The BeeTV Women's (previously known as Nur-Sultan Challenger) was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts held annually in Astana, Kazakhstan since 2019. It was part of the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour until 2023 and part of the ATP Challenger Tour until 2021.
Trondhjems Elektricitetsværk og Sporvei
Trondhjems Elektricitetsværk og Sporvei was a municipally owned power company and tram operator in Trondheim, Norway between 1901 and 1936 when the company was split in Trondheim Energiverk (TEV) and Trondheim Sporvei. The company was founded on November 4, 1901, to build a hydro electric power plant at Øvre Leirfoss and the Trondheim Tramway that replaced the old horse omnibus service from 1893.

Through the company the tramway in Trondheim was expanded to Elgeseter with Elgeseterlinjen in 1913 and to Trondheim Central Station. The company was organised as a municipal agency. Today both the successors of the company are owned by the Government of Norway with TEV being a subsidiary of Statkraft while Trondheim Sporvei now is part of Team Trafikk, a subsidiary of Nettbuss.

Trondheim Tramway
The Trondheim Tramway in Trondheim, Norway, is the world's most northerly tramway system, following the closure and dismantling of the Arkhangelsk tramways in Russia. It consists of one 8.8 km-long (5.5 mi) line, the Gråkallen Line, running from St. Olav's Gate in the city centre through Byåsen to Lian Station in Bymarka.
Nasale, Łódź Voivodeship
Nasale [naˈsalɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Wartkowice, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Poddębice, and 33 km (21 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
The Second Step: Chapter Two
The Second Step: Chapter Two is the second extended play (EP) by South Korean boy band Treasure. The EP was released by YG Entertainment on October 4, 2022.

This release marks Treasure’s first as a 10-member group, as Bang Ye-dam and Mashiho were on a then temporary hiatus at the time and then subsequently left the group on November 8, 2022.

YG Entertainment
YG Entertainment (Korean: YG 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1996 by Yang Hyun-suk. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates a number of subsidiary ventures under a separate public traded company, YG Plus, which includes a clothing line, a golf management agency, and a cosmetics brand. However, despite various business expansions, most of the ventures were discontinued due to a lack of profitability.

Current artists include Eun Ji-won, Winner, Blackpink, Treasure, and Babymonster.

Former artists include Swi.T, Moogadang, Wheesung, 1TYM, Big Mama, Gummy, Seven, Nam Tae-hyun, 2NE1, Psy, Epik High, One, Lee Hi, Jinusean, Bang Yedam, Mashiho, iKon, Jisoo, Jennie, Rosé, Lisa, BigBang, Sechs Kies, and AKMU.
Nathusius
Nathusius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annemarie von Nathusius (1874–1926), German novelist

Elsbeth von Nathusius (1846–1928), German novelist

Hermann von Nathusius (1809–1879),  German animal breeder

Johann Gottlob Nathusius (1760–1835), German industrialist

Johanne Philippine Nathusius (1828–1885), German religious philanthropist

Marie Nathusius (1817–1857), German novelist

Martin von Nathusius (1843–1906), German theologian

Philipp von Nathusius (publisher) (1815–1872), German publisher

Susanne von Nathusius (1850–1929), German portrait painter

Suzanna von Nathusius, Polish child film actor

Thomas von Nathusius (1866–1904), German landscape and animal painter

Wilhelm von Nathusius (1821–1899), German biologist

Wilhelm von Nathusius (officer) (1856–1937), German Major General

Thomas von Nathusius
Thomas von Nathusius (Althaldensleben 1866 – Stettin 1904) was a German landscape and animal painter. The youngest son of Heinrich von Nathusius, he was grandson to Johann Gottlob Nathusius, nephew to Hermann von Nathusius and first cousin to the portrait painter Susanne von Nathusius. His paintings of animals were used to illustrate a four-volume atlas of the races and forms of domesticated animals, in collaboration with his brother Simon von Nathusius.
Minority reign
The terms minority reign and royal minority refer to the period of a sovereign's rule when he or she is legally a minor. Minority reigns are of their nature times when politicians and advisors can be especially competitive. Some scholars claim that, in Britain, primogeniture, the growth of conciliar government, and the emergence of the Parliament as a representative and administrative force all occurred within the context of the minority reigns.

Minority reigns also characterized a period in the Roman Empire from 367 to 455, the years that preceded the reign of Valentinian III, who also became emperor at the age of six. The succession of child-turned-adult emperors led to the so-called infantilization of the imperial office, which had taken hold during the long reign of Honorius, Valentinian's predecessor. Here, the imperial office operated within a severely curtailed system compared to its authority a century prior.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.