hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome c family
Cytochromes c (cyt c, c-type cytochromes) cytochromes, or heme-containing proteins, that have heme C covalently attached to the peptide backbone via one or two thioether bonds. These bonds are in most cases part of a specific Cys-X-X-Cys-His (CXXCH) binding motif, where X denotes a miscellaneous amino acid. Two thioether bonds of cysteine residues bind to the vinyl sidechains of heme, and the histidine residue coordinates one axial binding site of the heme iron. Less common binding motifs can include a single thioether linkage, a lysine or a methionine instead of the axial histidine or a CXnCH binding motif with n>2. The second axial site of the iron can be coordinated by amino acids of the protein, substrate molecules or water. Cytochromes c possess a wide range of properties and function as electron transfer proteins or catalyse chemical reactions involving redox processes. A prominent member of this family is mitochondrial cytochrome c.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Stiphodon
Stiphodon is a genus of freshwater gobies. They inhabit swift, clear streams close to the sea and are found in large parts of Asia and Oceania. Many of the 36 currently recognized species have extremely restricted distributions on single islands or even single streams. These are small gobies with bodies squarish in cross section. A female of Stiphodon multisquamus with a standard length of 60.4mm is the largest Stiphodon individual on record. Males of Stiphodon species are often vividly colored and a few species are occasionally sold in the aquarium trade, including Stiphodon ornatus, Stiphodon atropurpureus, Stiphodon maculidorsalis, Stiphodon semoni, and Stiphodon surrufus.

Albert William Herre
Albert William Christian Theodore Herre (September 16, 1868 – January 16, 1962) was an American ichthyologist and lichenologist. Herre was born in 1868 in Toledo, Ohio. He was an alumnus of Stanford University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in botany in 1903. Herre also received a master's degree and a Ph.D. from Stanford, both in ichthyology. He died in Santa Cruz, California in 1962.
Beverly Klass
Beverly Klass (born November 8, 1956) is an American professional golfer. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1976, and in 1984 she achieved career-best finishes at the West Virginia LPGA Classic and the San Jose Classic, with a second-place tie in both 1984 events. She also had a 5th-place finish at the 1982 Peter Jackson Classic. Klass currently holds the record for being the youngest person to ever compete in the U.S. Women's Open.

As a child, Klass was a golf phenom. At the age of eight, she won the 1964 National PeeWee Golf Championship by 65 strokes. During the 1965 LPGA Tour season, as a nine-year-old, Klass won $31. Over the next six years, after having her amateur status reinstated, she won over 25 city and state tournaments in California. In 1967, at the age of 10 years, 7 months, and 21 days, Klass became the youngest player to ever compete in the U.S. Women's Open.

1967 U.S. Women's Open
The 1967 U.S. Women's Open was the 22nd U.S. Women's Open, held June 29 to July 2 at the Cascades Course of The Homestead, in Hot Springs, Virginia.

This winner was Catherine Lacoste, age 22, the first international and youngest champion at the time and the only amateur to ever win the title. She held a five-stroke lead after 36 and 54 holes, and despite a final round 79, held on for a two-stroke victory margin over runners-up Susie Maxwell and Beth Stone. It was also the first win by an amateur on the LPGA Tour.

Defending champion Sandra Spuzich finished fifteen strokes back, tied for 27th place.
Trondheim Tramway controversy
The Trondheim Tramway controversy regards the political discussion of whether Trondheim, Norway, should have a tramway.

The first debate came after the 1956 Dalsenget fire, when most of the city's tram fleet was destroyed; a proposal to replace the tramway with a trolleybus line was rejected. In 1968, the Singsaker Line was closed, and replaced by a bus route. From the merger of all bus and tram companies into Trondheim Trafikkselskap in 1974, the debate was intensified. In 1984, the Elgeseter Line was closed, but a new depot was built and eleven new trams delivered.

In 1988, the last tram line, from Lian to Lade, was terminated. The tracks in the city center and to Lade were removed, but the Gråkallen Line was kept to run heritage trams. By 1990, the trams were still not sold. Instead, the private company AS Gråkallbanen took over operations and seven trams, and have operated the Gråkallen Line since. The process cost two mayors their jobs.

Gråkallen Line
The Gråkallen Line (Norwegian: Gråkallbanen) is an 8.8-kilometre (5.5 mi) suburban tram line located in Trondheim, Norway. As the only remaining part of the Trondheim Tramway, it runs from the city centre at St. Olav's Gate, via the suburban area Byåsen to Lian. It is designated Line 9 (previously Line 1), and is served by six Class 8 articulated trams. After the closure of the Arkhangelsk tramway in 2004, it became the world's northernmost tramway system.

The line was opened as the only private tramway in Trondheim by A/S Graakalbanen in 1924. At first it was built to Munkvoll, but extended to Ugla in 1925, and to Lian in 1933. Operations were taken over by the municipal Trondheim Trafikkselskap in 1972, but it was closed along with the rest of the tramway in 1988. In 1990, the private initiative AS Gråkallbanen opened the line, later known as Boreal Bane. Located at Munkvoll is the tramway museum and depot.
Santos-Dumont Merit Medal
The Santos-Dumont Merit Medal is a Brazilian decoration created to honor civilians and military, Brazilian or foreign, for outstanding services rendered to the Brazilian Air Force or in recognition of its qualities and value in relation to aeronautics.

Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the aerial branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, and one of the three national uniformed services.  The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Army and Navy air branches were merged into a single military force, which was initially called the "National Air Forces" when it was created in 1941. Both air branches transferred all their aeronautical equipment, relevant installations, and relevant personnel to the newly created force.

According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere.
Peadar Bracken
Peadar Bracken (23 January 1887 – 19 January 1961) was an Irish Volunteer during Ireland's War of Independence. In 1914 he was elected Captain by the men of the Tullamore Company Irish Volunteers, before later being appointed Commandant of the Athlone Brigade area by Patrick Pearse. Bracken, alongside his comrade Seamus Brennan, are credited with firing the first shots in the 1916 rising in Tullamore. Bracken was under order from Pearse and took command off him for the duration of the 1916 rising. He commanded the critical GPO garrison outpost at O'Connell Bridge, Dublin during the Easter Rising. Later on in his career, in 1920, he was a senior officer in the Irish Republican Brotherhood branch in Tullamore, and commanding officer in chief of the Athlone Brigade. Bracken died on 19 January 1961.

Tullamore
Tullamore (/ˈtʊləˌmɔːr/; Irish: Tulach Mhór, meaning 'great mound') is the county town of County Offaly in Ireland. It is on the Grand Canal, in the middle of the county, and is the fourth most populous town in the Midlands Region, with 15,598 inhabitants at the 2022 census.

The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the World Sheep Dog Trials in 2005, which attracted international interest in the region. The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year. The town's most famous export is Tullamore Dew – an Irish whiskey distilled by Tullamore Distillery – that can be traced back to 1829. The original distillery was shut down in 1954. The brand was later resurrected, but at first was produced at the Midleton Distillery in County Cork. However, in 2014, the brand's new owners, William Grant & Sons, invested in a new distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town.
Dead Wrong (comics)
"Dead Wrong" is a story arc of the Marvel Comics' award-winning comic series, Runaways. The story arc features the first appearance of the creative team of Terry Moore and Humberto Ramos. The arc is composed of the first six issues of the series' third volume.

Humberto Ramos
Humberto Ramos (born 27 November 1970) is a Mexican comic book penciller, best known for his work on American comic books such as Impulse, Runaways, The Spectacular Spider-Man, The Amazing Spider-Man (serving as the co-creator of Cindy Moon / Silk) and his creator-owned series Crimson.
Baden Powell (footballer)
Baden Powell (17 June 1931 – January 2014) was an English footballer who played as a right winger in the Football League for Darlington. He was on the books of Newcastle United, without playing for their league team, and also played for South Shields and Horden Colliery Welfare. He was born in Hebburn in 1931 and died in January 2014 at the age of 82.

Hebburn
Hebburn is a town in the South Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It was historically in County Durham and became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. It is on the south bank of the River Tyne between Gateshead and Jarrow and opposite Wallsend and Walker. At the 2021 census the Hebburn built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 21,345.
Nieuport B.N.1
The Nieuport B.N.1 was a prototype British single-engined fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was a single-engined biplane intended to replace the Sopwith Camel, but only one was built, being destroyed in a crash.  The Sopwith Snipe was built instead to replace the Camel.

Rotary engine
The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration. The engine's crankshaft remained stationary in operation, while the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotated around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use in a few early motorcycles and automobiles.

This type of engine was widely used as an alternative to conventional inline engines (straight or V) during World War I and the years immediately preceding that conflict. It has been described as "a very efficient solution to the problems of power output, weight, and reliability".

By the early 1920s, the inherent limitations of this type of engine had rendered it obsolete.
1976 Seattle nurses strike
The 1976 Seattle nurses strike was a labor dispute between registered nurses represented by the Washington State Nurses Association and Seattle, Washington-area hospitals. More than 1,500 nurses went on strike for more than two months at 15 hospitals. Lasting 65 days, it was the longest nurses strike in U.S. history to that point. The strike was intersected with the feminist movement as many of the younger, university-educated nurses and largely female nurses rejected being yelled at by doctors and other issues of workplace harassment on top of other concerns about wages, staffing and the closed shop.

Closed shop
A pre-entry closed shop (or simply closed shop) is a form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times to remain employed. This is different from a post-entry closed shop (US: union shop), which is an agreement requiring all employees to join the union if they are not already members. In a union shop, the union must accept as a member any person hired by the employer. By comparison, an open shop does not require union membership of potential and current employees.

International Labour Organization covenants do not address the legality of closed shop provisions, leaving the question up to each individual nation. The legal status of closed shop agreements varies widely from country to country, ranging from bans on the agreement, to extensive regulation of the agreement to not mentioning it at all.
Joseph Ominsky
Joseph Ominsky (September 20, 1901 – September 14, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born near Kyiv, Russian Empire, Ominsky graduated from Southern High School in 1919. He graduated from Drexel University in 1921. In 1925, Ominsky received his bachelor's degree in economics from Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1930, Ominsky received his law degree from Temple University Beasley School of Law. He practiced law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was involved with the Democratic Party. From 1935 to 1941, Ominsky served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. From 1944 to 1946, Ominsky was a special attorney for the United States War Fraud Department. In 1952, Ominsky was elected coroner for Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania and then was appointed chief medical examiner for Philadelphia County. In 1959 and 1960, Ominsky served as chief clerk of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He died of heart failure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
Pearl Powell
Pearl Ruth Powell (14 December 1909 – 24 May 2004), née Price, formerly Bird, was an Australian memoirist. She was the co-writer of By Packhorse and Buggy (1996) alongside her daughter Eileen McRae. This memoir follows her life growing up at the Alice Springs Telegraph Station, the daughter of postmaster Fred Price and, following his early death, her life on various cattle stations throughout Central Australia.

Alice Springs Telegraph Station
The Alice Springs Telegraph Station is located within the Alice Springs Telegraph Station Historical Reserve, four kilometres north of the Alice Springs town centre in the Northern Territory of Australia. Established in 1872 to relay messages between Darwin
and Adelaide, it is the original site of the first European settlement in central Australia. It was one of twelve stations along the Overland Telegraph Line.
Mohammad Mahdavifar
Mohammad Mahdavifar (Persian: محمد مهدوی‌فر; born 19 January 1970) is an Iranian poet, civil rights activist, former political prisoner, and a chemical warfare victim from the Iran–Iraq War. He has been arrested multiple times for writing critical poetry and sending open letters to Ali Khamenei, Iran's Supreme Leader.

Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).
SV Tasmania Berlin
SV Tasmania Berlin is a German football club based in the locality of Neukölln of the homonymous borough of Neukölln in Berlin, Germany. The team is currently playing in the fifth tier NOFV-Oberliga Nord.

Neukölln (locality)
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ), formerly Rixdorf (German: [rˈɪksdɔɾf]), from 1899 to 1920 an independent city, is a large inner-city quarter of Berlin in the homonymous borough of Neukölln, and evolved around the historic village of Rixdorf. With 162,548 inhabitants (2025) the quarter has the second-largest population of Berlin after Prenzlauer Berg. Since the early 13th century, the local settlements, villages and cities down to the present day have always been a popular destination for colonists and immigrants. In modern times, it was originally shaped by the working class and gastarbeiters, but western immigration since the turn of the millennium has led to gentrification and a rejuvenation of the quarter's culture and nightlife.
Edgar Cortright
Edgar Maurice Cortright (July 29, 1923 – May 4, 2014) was a scientist and engineer, and senior official at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. His most prominent positions during his career were Director of NASA's Langley Research Center, and Chairman of the Apollo 13 Review Board which investigated the explosion that occurred during the Apollo 13 spaceflight in 1970.

Glenn Research Center
NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is a NASA center within the cities of Brook Park and Cleveland between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Rocky River Reservation of Cleveland Metroparks, with a subsidiary facility in Sandusky, Ohio. Its director is James A. Kenyon. Glenn Research Center is one of ten major NASA facilities, whose primary mission is to develop science and technology for use in aeronautics and space. As of May 2012, it employed about 1,650 civil servants and 1,850 support contractors on or near its site.

In 2010, the formerly on-site NASA Visitors Center moved to the Great Lakes Science Center in the North Coast Harbor area of downtown Cleveland.
Bossey Ladies Championship
The Bossey Ladies Championship was a women's professional golf tournament played as part of the LET Access Series, held between 2017 and 2019 in Bossey, France.

The tournament was part of a series of tournaments that served as the third stop in France on the LETAS schedule, after the Terre Blanche Ladies Open (the season opener since 2010) and Dinard Ladies Open (held 2010–2015). It was first played at Golf de La Nivelle in Saint-Jean-de-Luz near the Spanish border and San Sebastián, before moving to Golf de Fourqueux near Paris. In 2014, it moved to Strasbourg, and the last three installments were held at Association du Golf & Country Club de Bossey on the Swiss border, near Geneva.

LET Access Series
The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour.

Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better.
Stadion Goce Delčev
The Goce Delčev Stadium (Macedonian: стадион "Гоце Делчев") is a multi-purpose stadium in Prilep, North Macedonia. The total capacity is 15,000 (5,684 seats with a VIP/Media capacity of 400) and is named after the revolutionary leader Goce Delčev. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FK Pobeda and FK 11 Oktomvri. The stadium has been used as an alternative home ground of the Toše Proeski Arena for the North Macedonia national football team and has hosted the Macedonian Cup final on two occasions.
In 2021 Goce Delčev Stadium was completed renovated after 5 years.

Prilep
Prilep (Macedonian: Прилеп [ˈpriːlɛp] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in North Macedonia, after Skopje, Kumanovo, and Bitola. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 63,308, while its broader municipal area has 79,834 inhabitants in total.
Syzygium buettnerianum
Syzygium buettnerianum, also known as the Cape York satinash or New Guinea satinash, is a species of tree in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It is found throughout Papua New Guinea as well as in the Torres Strait Islands and Cape York Peninsula of North Queensland, Australia.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Christine Sleeter
Christine E. Sleeter (born 1948) is an American professor and educational reformer. She is known as the Professor Emerita in the School of Professional Studies, California State University, Monterey Bay. She has also served as the Vice President of Division K (Teaching and Teacher Education) of the American Educational Research Association, and as president of the National Association for Multicultural Education. Her work primarily focuses on multicultural education, preparation of teachers for culturally diverse schools, and anti-racism. She has been honored for her work as the recipient of the American Educational Research Association Social Justice Award, the Division K Teaching and Teacher Education Legacy Award, the CSU Monterey Bay President's Medal, the Chapman University Paulo Freire Education Project Social Justice Award, and the American Educational Research Association Special Interest Group Multicultural and Multiethnic Education Lifetime Achievement Award.

California State University, Monterey Bay
California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB or Cal State Monterey Bay) is a public university located in Monterey County, California, United States. The main campus is situated on the site of the former military base Fort Ord, spanning the cities of Seaside and Marina, approximately one mile inland from Monterey Bay along the Central Coast of California. CSUMB also maintains locations in the cities of Monterey and Salinas. Founded in 1994, CSUMB is part of the California State University system and is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. The university is designated as a Hispanic-Serving Institution.