hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Action of 10 March 1917
The action of 10 March 1917 was a single-ship action in the First World War between the Imperial German Navy merchant raider SMS Möwe and the defensively-armed New Zealand Shipping Company cargo ship Otaki. Otaki was sunk, but Möwe was badly damaged.

Defensively equipped merchant ship
Defensively equipped merchant ship (DEMS) was an Admiralty Trade Division programme established in June 1939, to arm 5,500 British merchant ships with an adequate defence against enemy submarines and aircraft. The acronym DEMS was used to describe the ships carrying the guns, the guns aboard the ships, the military personnel manning the guns, and the shore establishment supporting the system. This followed a similar World War I program of defensively armed merchant ships (DAMS).

The program was distinct from armed merchant cruiser program, which were warships converted from civilian vessels, operated by the Royal Navy itself.
Retinaculum
A retinaculum (pl.: retinacula) is a band of thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle and primarily functions to stabilize tendons. The term retinaculum is Neo-Latin, derived from the Latin verb retinere (to retain). Specific retinacula include:

In the wrist:
Flexor retinaculum of the hand
Extensor retinaculum of the hand

In the ankle:
Flexor retinaculum of foot
Superior extensor retinaculum of foot
Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot
Superior fibular retinaculum
Inferior fibular retinaculum

In the knee:
Lateral retinaculum
Medial patellar retinaculum

Knee
In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)
Spring Ridge, Maryland
Spring Ridge is census-designated place (CDP) and suburban housing community in Frederick County, in the U.S. state of Maryland, just outside the city of Frederick. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 6,005. Before 2010, it was part of the Linganore-Bartonsville, Maryland census-designated place, which was split into three for the 2010 census.

Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.
Galabov Ridge
Galabov Ridge (Bulgarian: Гълъбов рид, ‘Galabov Rid’ \'g&-l&-bov 'rid\) is the mostly ice-covered ridge extending 2.5 km in north-northeast to south-southwest direction, 1.4 km wide and rising to 1010 m just southwest of Boyn Ridge in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It surmounts Bongrain Ice Piedmont to the northwest and Lennon Glacier to the south. The vicinity was visited on 4 January 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).

The feature was named after Teodor Galabov (1870-1925), head of the Stenographic Office at the National Assembly that developed an early ergonomic keyboard in 1907, adopted as the standard Bulgarian keyboard.

Havre Mountains
The Havre Mountains (69°8′S 71°40′W﻿ / ﻿69.133°S 71.667°W﻿ / -69.133; -71.667) are a large group of mountains forming the northwestern extremity of Alexander Island, Antarctica, extending 20 nautical miles (37 km) in an east–west direction between Cape Vostok and the Russian Gap, and rising to 1,984 metres (6,509 ft) at Dimitrova Peak. They were first seen in 1821 by a Russian expedition under Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and re-sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99. They were roughly charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named them for Le Havre, the French port from which the Pourquol Pas? sailed in 1908. The mountains were mapped in detail from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960.
Curious George Brigade
The Curious George Brigade (CGB) was an anarchist collective active in the 2000s associated with post-left anarchy and affiliated with CrimethInc., who published their 2003 book Anarchy in the Age of Dinosaurs.

A CGB member, Elliott "Smokey" Madison, was arrested on September 24, 2009 in Pittsburgh and had his Jackson Heights, Queens home (the anarchist collective known as Tortuga House) raided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Joint Terrorism Task Force on October 1, 2009.

Joint Terrorism Task Force
A Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) is an American locally-based multi-agency partnership between various federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies tasked with investigating terrorism and terrorism-related crimes, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and U.S. Department of Justice. The first JTTFs were established in the 1980s and 1990s, with their numbers increasing dramatically after the September 11 attacks.
Fuya Maeno
Fuya Maeno (前野 風哉, Maeno Fuya; born 8 July 1996) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. Born in Chiba, Japan, he graduated from National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya and later join Central Sports gymnastic club. Maeno was part of Japan men's national gymnastics team that won the silver at 2018 Asian Games.

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya (鹿屋体育大学, Kanoya Taiiku Daigaku) is a national university in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan, founded in 1981.

Four alumni  participated in the swimming and volleyball events in the Beijing Olympics, including Athens Olympics swimming gold medalist Ai Shibata.

Four players participated by swimming and a bicycle also the London Olympic Games.
Island (novel series)
Island is a novel trilogy by Canadian author Gordon Korman. The books are set in contemporary times and designed for young teenagers.

The series consists of:

Shipwreck (2000)

Survival (2001)

Escape (2001)

Island Trilogy Bind-Up Book (2006)

Gordon Korman
Gordon Korman is a Canadian author of children's and young adult fiction books. Korman's books have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide over a career spanning four decades and have appeared at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Larry Lance
Larry Lance is a DC Comics character, a detective associated with the various incarnations of the superheroine Black Canary. His first appearance was in Flash Comics #92 (February 1948), created by Carmine Infantino and Robert Kanigher. When the Black Canary was reimagined in the mid-1980s as two characters—a mother and daughter—Larry became the husband to the elder Black Canary and father to the younger superheroine.

Following DC's The New 52 reboot in 2011, Larry Lance was re-established as Kurt Lance, and is now the husband of the Dinah Drake version of Black Canary, having met when they worked together as members of Team 7.

A version of Larry Lance renamed Quentin Lance appeared as a main character in the first six seasons of The CW show Arrow and a recurring character on the other Arrowverse shows, played by Paul Blackthorne.

Flash Comics
Flash Comics is a comics anthology published by All-American Publications and later by National Periodical Publications (DC Comics). The title had 104 issues published from January 1940 to February 1949. Despite the title, the anthology featured the adventures of multiple superheroes in addition to Jay Garrick, the original Flash. Characters introduced in the series include the Flash, Hawkman (Carter Hall), Hawkgirl and Black Canary.
Caesar Williamson
Caesar Williamson  was Dean of Cashel  from 1671 until 1675.

Williamson was educated at Westminster School, Trinity College, Cambridge, Magdalen College, Oxford and Trinity College, Dublin. A noted author  he held livings at Wappenham, Ardstraw, Dromiskin and Kilsaran from 1660. He was Treasurer of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin from 1664 until 1671.

Ardstraw
Ardstraw (from Irish: Ard Sratha (hill or height of the holm or strath)) is a small village, townland and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, three miles northwest of Newtownstewart. In the 2021 census, it had a population of 204 people.
SimHealth
SimHealth: The National Health Care Simulation is a management simulation video game developed by Thinking Tools and published by Maxis in 1994 for MS-DOS with assistance from the Markle Foundation. It is a simulation of the United States healthcare system. The game was released during congressional debates on the Clinton health care plan.

Due to the complexity of the game, SimHealth was seen as being very difficult. Armed with none of the tongue-in-cheek humor that Maxis' prior games were known for, the only real link to the franchise was the SimCity 2000-inspired user interface. The game was seen as more serious than other Maxis games. Noel Fritzinger, who with Lyman Orton first conceptualized CommunityViz, says that his inspiration came from seeing SimHealth and wondering if the same concepts could be applied to real-world land-use planning.

Markle Foundation
Markle Foundation is a New York–based private foundation established in 1927 by American industrialist and financier John Markle and his wife, Mary. Its focus is technology, workforce, health, and national security.
Hinanit
Hinanit (Hebrew: חִנָּנִית, lit. 'Daisy') is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank. It is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. Hinanit is located just across the Green Line border with Israel in the northern West Bank's Jenin Governorate, and to the north abuts the Palestinian village of 'Anin, from which it is separated by Israel's West Bank barrier. It lies approximately 9 miles (15 km) west of Jenin city. In 2023 it had a population of 1,705.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Jenin Governorate
The Jenin Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جنين, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ǧanīn) is one of 16 Governorates of Palestine. It covers the northern extremity of the West Bank, including the area around the city of Jenin, which is the district capital or muhfaza of the district.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2017 Census, the governorate had a population of 314,866. This is an increase from the reported population of 256,619 in the 2007 Census living in 47,437 households. 100,701 inhabitants (or 39%) were under the age of 63 (or 31%) were registered refugees. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 1997 Census, the Governorate had a population of 195,074.

It is the only governorate in the West Bank where the majority of control of land is under the Palestinian National Authority. Four Israeli settlements were evacuated as a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in 2005.
Ivan Rowan Barnes
Ivan Barnes is the leader of the National Freedom Party, and its leading candidate on the national list, for the 2024 general election. He was elected president of the party on 17 December 2023, in an election that was disputed by the party's National Executive Committee. His election was later recognised by the Independent Electoral Commission. His stint as party president has been marred by infighting. He struggled not only with the former secretary general Canaan Mdletshe, but also with Teddy Thwala, who was elected secretary-general of the party with him. Barnes later suspended fifteen party leaders, but the decision was suspended by the courts in July 2024.

Electoral Commission of South Africa
The Electoral Commission of South Africa (often referred to as the Independent Electoral Commission or IEC) is South Africa's election management body, an independent organisation established under chapter nine of the Constitution. It conducts elections to the National Assembly, provincial legislatures and municipal councils.

An interim Electoral Commission was created in 1993 to manage the first non-racial election of the national and provincial legislatures, which was held on 26 to 29 April 1994. The permanent Electoral Commission was established on 17 October 1996. The Commission has been chaired by Johann Kriegler (1997–1999), Brigalia Bam (1999–2011), Pansy Tlakula (2011–2014), Glen Mashinini (2015–2022), and Mosotho Moepya (2022–present).
The Mills of The Kavanaughs
The Mills of the Kavanaughs is the third book of poems written by the American poet Robert Lowell. Like Lowell's previous book, Lord Weary's Castle, the poetry in Kavanaughs was also ornate, formal, dense, and metered. All of the poems are dramatic monologues, and the literary scholar Helen Vendler noted that the poems in this volume "were clearly influenced by Frost's narrative poems as well as by Browning."

Dramatic monologue
Dramatic monologue is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual character. M.H. Abrams notes the following three features of the dramatic monologue as it applies to poetry:

The single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment […].
This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people; but we know of the auditors' presence, and what they say and do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker.
The main principle controlling the poet's choice and formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker's temperament and character.
Artichoke River
The Artichoke River is a 13.5-mile-long (21.7 km) tributary of the Saint Louis River in northeastern Minnesota in the United States.

Via the Saint Louis River, it is part of the watershed of Lake Superior.  It flows for its entire length in southern Saint Louis County.  Its name in the Ojibwe language is askibwaanikaa-ziibi (river full of Jerusalem artichokes), having the identical name in Ojibwe as the nearby Us-kab-wan-ka River.

The river flows from Artichoke Lake in New Independence Township and flows generally southwardly through Alborn and Culver Townships.  It flows into the Saint Louis River from the north in Culver Township, opposite the town of Brookston.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Adolf Robinson
Adolf Robinson (1838–1920) was an Austrian baritone who had a major opera career during the second half of the 19th century. His extensive stage repertoire contained numerous Wagnerian roles such as Wotan in The Ring Cycle and Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Other highlights of his career included the title characters in Rossini's William Tell, Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Rigoletto, Hérold's Zampa, and Heinrich Marschner's Der Templer und die Jüdin.

Heinrich Marschner
Heinrich August Marschner (16 August 1795 – 14 December 1861) was a German composer best known for his operas. He is considered to be the most important composer of German opera between Weber and Wagner.
The Keane Brothers
The Keane Brothers was an American pop music duo from 1976–82, composed of pre-teens, Tom Keane on piano and John Keane on drums. The duo released four albums and briefly hosted a television variety show on CBS. The brothers subsequently went on to solo careers as songwriters and music producers.

Jason Scheff
Jason Randolph Scheff (born April 16, 1962) is an American bassist, singer, and songwriter who was a frontman for the American rock band Chicago from 1985 to 2016. Replacing former lead vocalist Peter Cetera, Scheff was the longest-serving bassist/vocalist of Chicago.
402nd Maintenance Wing
The 402nd Maintenance Wing, sometimes written as 402d Maintenance Wing, (402 MXW) is an inactive wing of the United States Air Force last based at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. As a maintenance wing it provided depot maintenance, engineering support, and software development to major weapon systems (F-15 Eagle, C-5 Galaxy, C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globemaster III and Special Operations Forces aircraft).

From 1943 to 1945, RAF Station Warton, 6.9 miles west of Preston, Lancashire, where the 402d Air Depot, later the 402d Base Air Depot, was located, operated as a United States Army Air Forces depot and staging point. Thousands of aircraft were processed at Warton on their way to active service in Great Britain, North Africa, the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, and mainland Europe.

Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army
The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), originally called the North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), was a military formation of the United States Army that supervised all U.S. Army forces which fought in North Africa and Italy during World War II.

United States Army operations in the theater began with Operation Torch, when Allied forces landed on the beaches of northwest Africa on 8 November 1942, and concluded in the Italian Alps some 31 months later, with the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945. For administrative purposes, U.S. components were responsible to Headquarters North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), which was created 14 February 1943. NATOUSA was redesignated Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), on 26 October 1944.
Michael Barnard (politician)
Michael Thomas Claude Barnard (27 September 1942 – 11 December 1999) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1969 to 1984, representing Bass for the Labor Party. He was Deputy Premier under two Labor Premiers, Doug Lowe and Harry Holgate from 1980 to 1982, and a long-standing Minister for Tourism (1975–82) and Health (1977–80).

Barnard had numerous family political connections. He was the grandson of Claude Barnard and the nephew of Lance Barnard, who both served in the Australian House of Representatives as federal members for Bass. Claude Barnard had also held the state seat of Bass in the 1950s. Michael Barnard's retirement in 1984 ended the Barnard family's representation in Tasmanian and Australian politics.

Division of Bass
The Division of Bass is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania.

It includes most of the city of Launceston and its surrounds. It has traditionally been a marginal seat and has had more members than any other federal electorate, at 18 members since 1903, including one who served twice.
Bello Kaoje
Bello Kaoje (born June 15, 1972) is a Nigerian politician representing the Bagudo/Suru Federal Constituency of Kebbi State in the House of Representatives. He hail from the Bagudo local government area.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Mandarake
Mandarake Inc. (Japanese: まんだらけ) is a Japanese retail corporation that operates a chain of used good stores. Founded as a used bookstore specializing in manga in 1980, Mandarake incorporated in 1987 and currently operates 11 retail locations and one fulfillment center. The company focuses on the purchase and sale of a wide range of collectables and otaku-related goods, including anime- and manga-related items, DVDs, CDs, toys, figurines, trading cards, video games, cosplay items, animation cels, and dōjinshi (self-published works).

Used good
Used goods, also known as secondhand goods, are any item of personal property that have been previously owned by someone else and are offered for sale not as new, including metals in any form except coins that are legal tender. Used goods may be sold in informal settings, such as garage sales, traded at swap meet, or sold in formal retail stores. Used goods may also be given away without payment, especially among family or close friends, as a "hand-me-down," or distributed to people in need by a community organization or non-governmental organization.
Kraut (surname)
Kraut is a German-language surname. Notable people with the surname Kraut include:

Bojan Kraut, a Slovene engineer

Dominik Kraut, a Czech football player

Laura Kraut, an American show jumping competitor

Ogden Kraut (1927-2002), American author

Richard Kraut, American professor

Robert E. Kraut, an American social psychologist

Robert E. Kraut
Robert E. Kraut (born August 30, 1946) is an American social psychologist who studies human-computer interaction, online communities, internet use, group coordination, computers in organizations, and the role of visual elements in interpersonal communication. He is a Herbert Simon University Professor  Emeritus of Human-computer Interaction at the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.