hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kent Nutrition Group
The Kent Nutrition Group is an Iowa family owned corporation  the production of  animal feed  based in Muscatine, Iowa. It operates under the brands Kent and Blue Seal. It is a subsidiary of the Kent Corporation, which is involved in corn wet-milling and the manufacture of food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products.

Wet-milling
Wet-milling is a process in which feed material is steeped in water, with or without sulfur dioxide, to soften the seed kernel in order to help separate the kernel's various components. For example, wet-milling plants can separate a 56-pound bushel of corn into more than 31 pounds of cornstarch (which in turn can be converted into corn syrups or corn ethanol), 15 pounds of corn gluten meal for use in animal feed, and nearly 2 pounds of corn oil.
Leonas Gelermanas
Leonas Gelermanas was a Lithuanian footballer. He played in one match for the Lithuania national football team in 1925. He was also part of Lithuania's squad for the football tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics was the sixth edition of the football tournament at the Summer Olympic Games held in Paris. This was the first official open FIFA World Championship in history, allowing professional player participation for the first time.

The tournament expanded to 22 countries from four confederations for the first time, with African side Egypt (as was the case in the previous edition), Turkey which is partly in Asia, Uruguay representing South America and the United States representing North America.

Uruguay made a memorable debut, going undefeated and winning the gold medal. This earned them the first of the four stars above their crest.
Robert Randolph Carter
Robert Randolph Carter (September 15, 1825 – March 8, 1888) was an American naval officer that would later come to be known for a journal he kept while unsuccessfully searching for the Franklin expedition. This journal was later posthumously published by the Naval Institute Press as Searching for the Franklin Expedition: The Arctic Journal of Robert Randolph Carter in May 1998 and won the 1998 John Lyman Book Award for Primary Source Materials, Reference Works, and Guide Books. He was a member of the Carter family of Virginia, which was descended from Robert "King" Carter. Carter married Louise Humphreys on January 6, 1852, and had two children with her.

John Lyman Book Awards
The John Lyman Book Awards are given annually by the North American Society for Oceanic History to recognise excellence in published books making a major contribution to the study and understanding of maritime and naval history. They are named after Professor John Lyman (1915–1977) of the University of North Carolina.
Aseem Shukla
Aseem Ravindra Shukla is the director of minimally invasive surgery in the Department of Urology at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and is a professor of surgery (urology) at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Shukla is the co-founder and board member of the Hindu American Foundation.

Perelman School of Medicine
The Perelman School of Medicine, previously the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn Med), is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy league research university in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, it is the oldest medical school in the United States.

As of 2024, the school has about 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
Steven Teles
Steven M. Teles is an American political scientist. He is a professor at Johns Hopkins University, as well as a senior fellow at the Niskanen Center. Notable writings include The Captured Economy: How The Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth and Increase Inequality with Brink Lindsey, Prison Break: Why Conservatives Turned Against Mass Incarceration with David Dagan, and The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement, as well as the original paper about Cost disease socialism with Samuel Hammond and Daniel Takash. He is also known for coining the term "kludgeocracy" to describe the phenomenon of overly-complicated governmental solutions to social problems.

Niskanen Center
The Niskanen Center is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. that advocates market-oriented principles regarding environmentalism, immigration reform, civil liberties, and an effective welfare state. Named after William A. Niskanen, an economic adviser to Ronald Reagan and former chairman of the Cato Institute, it states that its "main audience is Washington insiders", and characterizes itself as moderate, with others calling it centrist. The organization has been credited with fostering bipartisan dialogue and promoting pragmatic solutions to contemporary political challenges on issues such as family benefits, climate change, and criminal justice reform. Though founded as a libertarian think tank, the center has since publicly rejected libertarianism and supported proposals such as universal health coverage and increasing state capacity.
New Ferry Butterfly Park
New Ferry Butterfly Park is a 2-hectare (4.9-acre) urban nature reserve in New Ferry, on the Wirral Peninsula, England. It is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.

The reserve is located on a site formerly occupied by abandoned sidings north of Bebington railway station. On the thin, nutrient-poor soils overlying the old railway track beds, the lime waste from a water-softening plant has been used to create a calcareous grassland, with all the specialist wildflowers which depend on that habitat, including wild carrot and occasional bee orchids. Drifts of coal dust have been transformed into acidic grassland dominated by common bent, sheep's sorrel and bird's-foot trefoil. The reserve supports at least 397 species, including butterflies, moths, bees and spiders. Twenty-six species of butterfly have been recorded, with 16 species breeding at the reserve.

In recent years, the reserve has hosted an open-air sculpture trail.

Ophrys apifera
Ophrys apifera, known in Europe as the bee orchid, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Ophrys, in the family of Orchidaceae. It serves as an example of sexually deceptive pollination and floral mimicry, a highly selective and highly evolved plant–pollinator relationship.
L'Aldea-Amposta-Tortosa railway station
L'Aldea-Amposta-Tortosa railway station is the central railway station of L'Aldea, Spain, while it also serves the areas of Amposta and Tortosa. The station is situated on the Valencia−Sant Vicenç de Calders railway and is part of Adif and it accommodates RENFE long-distance and Rodalies de Catalunya medium-distance trains.

Tortosa
Tortosa (Northwestern Catalan: [toɾˈtoza]; Spanish: [toɾˈtosa] ⓘ) is the capital of the comarca of Baix Ebre, in Catalonia, Spain.

Tortosa is located at 12 metres (39 feet) above sea level, by the Ebro river, protected on its northern side by the mountains of the Cardó Massif, of which Buinaca, one of the highest peaks, is located within Tortosa's municipal boundary.

Before Tortosa, across the river, rise the massive Ports de Tortosa-Beseit mountains. The area around Mont Caro and other high summits are often covered with snow in the winter.
Fredrik Schön
Carl Fredrik Stefan Schön (born 11 July 1987) is a heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Sweden. He reached semifinals in the 98 kg weight division at the 2016 Olympics, but lost both the semifinal and the repechage matches.

Repechage
Repechage (/ˌrɛpɪˈʃɑːʒ/ ⓘ REP-ish-AHZH, UK also /ˈrɛpɪʃɑːʒ/ REP-ish-ahzh; French: repêchage [ʁəpɛʃaʒ] ⓘ, lit. 'fishing out'  or 'rescuing') is a practice in series competitions that allows participants who failed to meet qualifying standards by a small margin to continue to the next round. A well-known example is the wild card system.
Zhang Shaoling
Zhang Shaoling (born 4 November 1984) is a Macanese weightlifter. She represents Macau at international competitions.

She is the first weightlifter from Macau to win a medal at the World Weightlifting Championships.

World Weightlifting Championships
The World Weightlifting Championships is an international weightlifting competition, currently held annually (except for years of the Summer Olympic Games) by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). The predecessor organization of the IWF was founded in 1905, but World Championship events began before its foundation. The first recognized World Championship event was held in 1891, and was won by Edward Lawrence Levy of England.

Athletes today compete in a total of 16 weight categories (8 for men and 8 for women):

Men categories: 60 kg, 65 kg, 71 kg, 79 kg, 88 kg, 94 kg, 110 kg and +110 kg.

Women categories: 48 kg, 53 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 77 kg, 86 kg and +86 kg.
Zaminsalwarpatti
9°27′26″N 77°51′17″E﻿ / ﻿9.4572135°N 77.8546545°E﻿ / 9.4572135; 77.8546545
Zamin Salwarpatti (Jameen Salvarpatti, Salvarpatti) is a village located near Sivakasi, in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. M. Karuppasamy is the panchayat president of the village. The village is known for firecrackers and match factories that produce 20% total production from Virudhunagar district (Sivakasi). The industries in Jameen salvarpatti employ over 2,000 people and the estimated turnover  is around INR 10 million (2016). This village connects Sivakasi in the west and NH 44 in the east. The literacy rate is 40%. The major issues in the village are the frequent accidents in the firecracker factories, high humidity (because of factories like cement, fire etc) and water scarcity due to poor rainfall.

Temples in Jameen Salvarpatti are Arulmigu Sri Sakthi Vinayagar Thirukovil, Akkamma Kovil, Devandran Kaliyamman Temple, Devandran Pillaiyar Kovil, Chennandi Malai Swamy.

Firecracker
A firecracker (cracker, noise maker, banger) is a small explosive device primarily designed to produce a large amount of noise, especially in the form of a loud bang, usually for celebration or entertainment; any visual effect is incidental to this goal. They have fuses, and are wrapped in a heavy paper casing to contain the explosive compound.  Firecrackers, along with fireworks, originated in China.
Götaland theory
The Götaland theory (or Westrogothian School, Swedish Västgötaskolan) is a view which challenges established history and archaeology, and claims that the foundation of Sweden occurred not (as traditionally assumed) in Eastern Sweden, but in the province of Västergötland (Westrogothia). The adherents of this idea use wide-ranging methods, from controversial ones, such as dowsing and asking mediums to contact the dead, to more conventional methods such as etymology, but also claim that the established academic material consists of lies and forgeries. Although well known in Sweden and fervently preached by its adherents, it has never been accepted by scholars.

Lake Hornborga
Lake Hornborga (Swedish: Hornborgasjön) is a lake in Västergötland in Sweden, famous for its many birds, in particular the many cranes that stay there temporarily during their annual migrations. The lake has an area of 28 square kilometers.
Irving H. Bartlett
Irving Henry Bartlett (1923 – July 1, 2006) was an American historian.

After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan University, Bartlett obtained his master's and doctoral degrees at Brown University. He taught at Cape Cod Community College, the Rhode Island College of Education, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the University of Massachusetts Boston, where he was the John F. Kennedy Professor of American Civilization. Bartlett was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966. He died in Hingham, Massachusetts on July 1, 2006, aged 83.

University of Massachusetts Boston
The University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) is a public university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The university is a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities and the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system.
Les DeVall
Leslie Coombs DeVall Jr. (May 2, 1919 – August 27, 2008) was an American football player and coach.

He played college football at the University of Southern Mississippi in 1940 and 1941 as a blocking back.

DeVall began his coaching career as the head football coach at Hinds Community College in Raymond, Mississippi and served as the head coach at William Carey University during the only two years (1954 and 1955) that the school offered football. He also served as William Carey's baseball coach for one season.  DeVall was the head football coach at Louisiana College in Alexandria, Louisiana for one season before serving in the same role for nine seasons at McNeese State University.

DeVall died away in 2008.

Louisiana Christian University
Louisiana Christian University (LCU) is a private Baptist university in Pineville, Louisiana, United States. It is affiliated with the Louisiana Baptist Convention (Southern Baptist Convention). Founded in 1906 as Louisiana College, it took its current name in 2021. The university enrolled 936 students in 2024. The athletic teams are known as the Louisiana Christian Wildcats and Lady Wildcats.
John Hughes (bishop of Kensington)
John George Hughes (30 January 1935 – 19 August 1994) was the ninth area Bishop of Kensington.

Hughes was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1961, he began his ministry as a curate in Brighouse and was then, successively, vicar of St John's Clifton, Director of Education in the Diocese of Wakefield, secretary of the Advisory Council for the Church's Ministry and warden of St. Michael's College, Llandaff, before being ordained to the episcopate – a position he held from 1987 until his death in August 1994, aged 59.

The future Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby was at first rejected for ordination by Hughes, who told him that "There is no place for you in the Church of England."

Archbishops' Council
The Archbishops' Council is a part of the governance structures of the Church of England. Its headquarters are at Church House, Great Smith Street, London.

The council was created in 1999 to provide a central executive body to co-ordinate and lead the work of the church. This was a partial implementation of the recommendations of the report "Working Together as One Body" produced by Michael Turnbull (then Bishop of Durham) in 1994.
Laura Blakeman
Laura Kate Blakeman (born 25 April 1979 in Stoke-on-Trent) is a British slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1995 to 2011.

She won five medals in the K1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (2009), a silver (2005) and three bronzes (2002, 2003, 2007). She won another four medals in the same event at the European Championships (1 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronzes).

Blakeman finished 12th in the K1 event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Pyrophosphoric acid
Pyrophosphoric acid, also known as diphosphoric acid, is the inorganic compound with the formula H4P2O7 or, more descriptively, [(HO)2P(O)]2O. Colorless and odorless, it is soluble in water, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. The anhydrous acid crystallizes in two polymorphs, which melt at 54.3 and 71.5 °C. The compound is a component of polyphosphoric acid, an important source of phosphoric acid. Anions, salts, and esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates.

Crystal polymorphism
In crystallography, polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound or element can crystallize into more than one crystal structure.

The preceding definition has evolved over many years and is still under discussion today. Discussion of the defining characteristics of polymorphism involves distinguishing among types of transitions and structural changes occurring in polymorphism versus those in other phenomena.
Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c.
Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c. (Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, et al.) is one of the many works by an Abbot monk named Antoine Augustin Calmet, an exegete and an 18th-century Lorraine scholar of the Benedictine Order; also known as Dom Calmet. The work was published in 2 volumes that dealt with the extensive investigation into occult matters regarding the apparitions of angels, demons and other spirits.

It included dissertations on various topics of magic, sorcery, witchcraft and instances of vampires, revenants and individuals returning from the grave. This study analyzed accounts of these various topics located in the Bible, mythology, cultural legends and famous accounts of historically documented cases or claims.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Lenoir Rock
Lenoir Rock (Bulgarian: скала Леноар, romanized: skala Lenoir, IPA: [skɐˈla lɛnoˈɐr]) is the rock off the NW coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 230 m long in southwest-northeast direction and 85 m wide with a surface area of 1.29 ha. The vicinity was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Étienne Lenoir (1744-1832), a Belgian-French scientific instrument maker and inventor of the repeating circle; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Repeating circle
The repeating circle is an instrument for geodetic surveying, developed from the reflecting circle by Étienne Lenoir in 1784. He invented it while an assistant of Jean-Charles de Borda, who later improved the instrument. It was notable as being the equal of the great theodolite created by the renowned instrument maker, Jesse Ramsden. It was used to measure the meridian arc from Dunkirk to Barcelona by Jean Baptiste Delambre and Pierre Méchain (see: meridian arc of Delambre and Méchain).
D. D. Daniel
D. D. Daniel was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Travancore-Cochin assembly as a Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress candidate from Colachel constituency in Kanyakumari district in 1954 election. This was the first ever election held in this constituency and it happened before Kanyakumari district merged with Tamil Nadu. Also he was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Padmanabhapuram constituency in Kanyakumari district in 1957 election.

1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election
The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam). Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954.  In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.
Achada Grande Frente
Achada Grande Frente is a subdivision of the city of Praia in the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. Its population was 4,436 at the 2010 census. It is situated east of the city centre, between the Praia Harbour to the south and the Nelson Mandela International Airport to the north. The former Francisco Mendes International Airport was located in Achada Grande Frente.

Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago (Portuguese for “Saint James”) is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio (26 km (16 mi) to the east) and Fogo (55 kilometres (34 miles) to the west). It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site) was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia.
Valuation Tribunal for Wales
The Valuation Tribunal for Wales (VTW) is a tribunal sponsored by the Welsh Government that considers appeals of local council decisions and decisions by the Valuation Office Agency on council tax and non-domestic rates.

It was established by the Welsh Ministers under powers given to them by the Local Government Finance Act 1988.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.