hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quackenbush v. United States
Quackenbush v. United States, 177 U.S. 20 (1900), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the court held that The appointment of an officer of the United States and the issuance of his commission are distinct acts. Appointments must be made as required by law and the commission cannot alter these requirements.

Officer of the United States
An officer of the United States is a functionary of the executive or judicial branches of the federal government of the United States to whom is delegated some part of the country's sovereign power. The term officer of the United States is not a title, but a term of classification for a certain type of official.

Under the Appointments Clause of the Constitution, the principal officers of the U.S., such as federal judges, and ambassadors and "other public Ministers and Consuls", are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, but Congress may vest the appointment of inferior officers to the president, courts, or federal department heads. Civilian officers of the U.S. are entitled to preface their names with the honorific style "the Honorable" for life, but this rarely occurs. Officers of the U.S. should not be confused with employees of the U.S.; the latter are more numerous and lack the special legal authority of the former.
Millenarianism
Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin  millenarius 'containing a thousand' and  -ism) is the belief held by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarianism exists in various cultures and religions worldwide, with various interpretations of what constitutes a transformation.

These movements believe in radical changes to society after a major cataclysm or transformative event.

Millenarianist movements can be secular (not espousing a particular religion) or religious in nature, and are therefore not necessarily linked to millennialist movements in Christianity.

Traditional Christian millenarianism has roots in "Jewish apocalyptic belief, Zoroastrianism, and Babylonian astrology",
mediated through the Biblical canon.

Babylonian astrology
Babylonian astrology was the first known organized system of astrology, arising in the second millennium BC.

In Babylon as well as in Assyria as a direct offshoot of Babylonian culture, astrology takes its place as one of the two chief means at the disposal of the priests (who were called bare or "inspectors") for ascertaining the will and intention of the gods, the other being the inspection of the livers of sacrificial animals (haruspicy).
Stadion imeni Bohdana Markevycha
The Stadion imeni Bohdana Markevycha (Ukrainian: Стадіон імені Богдана Маркевича, Bohdan Markevych Stadium) is a sports stadium in Vynnyky, Ukraine. It is the home field for FC Rukh Vynnyky. Named after the youth coach Bohdan Markevych.

In honor of Bohdan Markevych (1925–2002) a bronze monument that was supposed to delineate the coach teaching his son Myron football was erected as a tribute and memorial.

The stadium hosted the football representative tournament of the Ukrainian Army.

Myron Markevych
Myron Bohdanovych Markevych (Ukrainian: Мирон Богданович Маркевич; born 1 February 1951) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. He last managed Karpaty Lviv.

He has worked as a manager in the Ukrainian Premier League and for the Ukraine national team. He holds the record for coaching the most matches (500 as on 15 August 2011) in the Ukrainian Premier League.

A former midfielder, he made 59 appearances in the Soviet Second League for Torpedo Lutsk.
Lizzie Gannon
Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Gannon (May 16, 1865 – after 1930) was an American hoaxer who as a teenager claimed to be a mystic and stigmatic haunted by visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary, saints, and her dead brother. Gannon gained notoriety in the early 1880s for suing a priest and bishop, claiming they had induced massive physical and emotional trauma since taking paper angels away from her, for which she was awarded one penny in damages by a court.

John Joseph Williams
John Joseph Williams (April 27, 1822 – August 30, 1907) was an American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the fourth bishop and the first archbishop of the Archdiocese of Boston, serving between 1866 and his death in 1907.
2010–11 Maltese FA Trophy
The 2010–11 Maltese FA Trophy was the 73rd season since its establishment. It will feature 21 teams from the Maltese Premier League, the First Division and the champions of the Gozo First Division. The competition began on 10 November 2010 and ended 22 May 2011 with the Final from Ta' Qali Stadium. The defending champions are Valletta, having won their 12th Maltese Cup last season and first since 2001.  The winner will qualify to the second qualifying round of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League.

Valletta were the defending champions, but lost in the Final to Floriana.

National Stadium, Ta' Qali
The National Stadium, locally also referred to as Ta' Qali, officially known as Grawnd Nazzjonali (Maltese for National Stadium), is a stadium located in Ta' Qali, Malta. The stadium, which also contains the headquarters of the Malta Football Association, seats 16,997 people and is, by far, the largest stadium in the country. It serves as the national football stadium of Malta and is the home stadium of the Malta national football team. The stadium, together with three other stadiums, also hosts the Maltese Premier League.
Joonas Lindgren
Joonas Lindgren (born 31 May 1986 in Helsinki) is a Finnish sailor, who specialized in two-person dinghy (470) class. He represented Finland at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and has also been training for the Helsinki Sailing Club (Helsingfors Segelklubb) throughout most of his sporting career. His father and personal coach Jouko Lindgren shared bronze medals with Georg Tallberg in the same program at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. As of September 2013, Lindgren is ranked no. 33 in the world for two-person dinghy class by the International Sailing Federation.

Lindgren competed as a skipper in the men's 470 class at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London by finishing twenty-second and receiving a berth from the ISAF World Championships in Perth, Western Australia. Teaming with his younger brother and skipper Niklas Lindgren in the opening series, the Finnish duo accumulated a net score of 167 to claim a twenty-first spot in a fleet of twenty-seven boats.

Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 470
The men's 470 was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, in the 470 dinghy Eleven races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 54 sailors, on 27 boats, from 27 nations competed. Crews of ten boats qualified for the medal race on course area Nothe in front of Weymouth, where each position scored double points.
Burjuc
Burjuc (Hungarian: Burzsuk) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Brădățel (Bradacel), Burjuc, Glodghilești (Glodgilesd), Petrești (Petresd), Tătărăști (Tataresd), and Tisa (Tisza).

The commune lies on the banks of the Mureș River and its right tributary, the river Zam. It is located in the northwestern part of Hunedoara County, 41 km (25 mi) west of the county seat, Deva, near the border with Timiș County.

Burjuc is crossed by the national road DN7, part of European route E68. The train station serves the CFR Line 200, which runs from Brașov to Timișoara and on to the Hungarian border.

Căile Ferate Române Line 200
Line 200 is one of CFR's main lines in Romania having a total length of 500 km (310 mi) and passing through important cities like Alba Iulia, Arad, Brașov, Deva, Hunedoara, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Sibiu, Târgu Jiu and Timișoara.
Fedelm
Fedelm (sometimes spelled Feidelm; modern Fidelma) is a female prophet and fili, or learned poet, in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. She appears in the great epic Táin Bó Cuailnge, in which she foretells the armies of Medb and Ailill mac Máta will face against the Ulaid and their greatest champion, Cú Chulainn. A prophetess of the same name appears in another tale, which associates her with Cú Chulainn.

Tochmarc Emire
Tochmarc Emire ("The Wooing of Emer") is one of the stories in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology and one of the longest when it received its form in the second recension (below). It concerns the efforts of the hero Cú Chulainn to marry Emer, who appears as his wife in other stories of the cycle, and his training in arms under the warrior-woman Scáthach. The tochmarc ("wooing" or "courtship") (along with cattle raids, voyages, feasts, births and deaths) is one of the 'genres' of early Irish literature recognised in the manuscript corpus.
Road signs in Iceland
Road signs in Iceland are visual communication devices placed along roads and highways throughout the country to provide information, warnings, and guidance to motorists and pedestrians. Iceland never ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, but road signs in Iceland conform to the general pattern of those used in most other European countries, with certain design elements borrowed from Danish and Swedish practice. Signs tend to be more sparsely employed than in other European countries, especially in rural areas.

Most road signs in Iceland are not retroreflective, making them harder to see at night.

Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light or other radiation back to its source with minimum scattering. This works at a wide range of angle of incidence, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence. Being directed, the retroflector's reflection is brighter than that of a diffuse reflector. Corner reflectors and cat's eye reflectors are the most used kinds.
Zakurzewo
Zakurzewo [zakuˈʐɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Zakurzewo was a royal village, administratively located in the Chełmno Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland.

Grudziądz County
Grudziądz County (Polish: powiat grudziądzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Grudziądz, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Grudziądz County are Łasin, which lies 21 km (13 mi) east of Grudziądz, and Radzyń Chełmiński, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Grudziądz.

The county covers an area of 728.39 square kilometres (281.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 40,181, out of which the population of Łasin is 3,254, that of Radzyń Chełmiński is 1,847, and the rural population is 35,080.
Tramping Lake, Saskatchewan
Tramping Lake (2016 population: 60) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Mariposa No. 350 and Census Division No. 13. The village gets its name from nearby Tramping Lake, which is a lake along the course of Eagle Creek.

Eagle Creek (Saskatchewan)
Eagle Creek is a river in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The watershed of Eagle Creek is within the semi-arid Palliser's Triangle and is the major drainage system in mid-western Saskatchewan between the South Saskatchewan and North Saskatchewan Rivers. Eagle Creek begins at the eastern end of Eaglehill Lake and travels through a glacier-cut valley in the moist, mixed grasslands ecozone of Canada en route to the North Saskatchewan River. The North Saskatchewan River merges with the South Saskatchewan River farther downstream to become the Saskatchewan River.

There are three communities, one regional park, and several highways along the river's course. The communities include Stranraer, Herschel, and Anglia. Highways 51, 31, 4, and 14 are significant highways that cross the river.
Infectious salmon anemia virus
Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a viral disease of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by Infectious salmon anemia virus.  It affects fish farms in Canada, Norway, Scotland and Chile, causing severe losses to infected farms. ISA has been a World Organisation for Animal Health notifiable disease since 1990. In the EU, it is classified as a non-exotic disease, and is monitored by the European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases.

European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases
The European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases is the body concerned with harmonizing diagnostic procedures for notifiable fish and crustacean diseases in Europe. It is located in Frederiksberg, Denmark at the National Veterinary Institute (a part of Technical University of Denmark). It is funded by the European Commission.
Polikarpov NB
The Polikarpov NB (Nochnoi Bombardirovshchik—Night Bomber) was a Soviet twin-engined bomber designed during World War II. Only a single prototype had been built before the program was terminated upon the death of Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, the head of the aircraft's design bureau, in 1944.

Shvetsov ASh-82
The Shvetsov ASh-82 (Russian: Швецов АШ-82), also known as the M-82, is a Soviet 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial aircraft engine developed from the Shvetsov M-62, which in turn was the result of development of the M-25, a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone.
Toolbox (software)
ToolboX is an integrated development environment designed to introduce computer programming in academic subjects with originally no competences in this matter. Its design is based on the premise that, when solving a problem, a student performs a sequence of computations (i.e., proceeds in an algorithmic way), that can be expressed in a computer language, similarly to how it is done on a notebook or blackboard.

Besides the environment and the academic contents, ToolboX compiles students' usage data and process it by means of big data algorithms based on artificial intelligence (just in the Andalusian region, a million students have access to this tool, after being integrated in the Guadalinex and Guadalinfo repositories). These techniques perform knowledge acquisition about the students community, that can be used afterwards to improve teaching and resource planning. As examples of this knowledge, gifted students, ADHD and dyslexia can be prediagnosed.

Text editor
A text editor is interactive software that allows a user to edit plain text, such as Notepad.

As with any software, a text editor can be installed onto a  system, but often a relatively simple text editor is included in a default installation of an operating system (OS) since editing text files is a relatively basic need for any system and since a simple text editor can be provided at relatively low cost.

As source code is text, any text editor can be used to edit code, but a source-code editor is designed with features specifically intended for editing code. Some provide integration with software development tools and provide a debugging environment.
ABNCoV2
ABNCoV2 is a cVLP COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Expres2ion Biotechnologies and Adaptvac, outlicensed to Bavarian Nordic.

On 9 August 2021, it was announced that the first round of trials of the vaccine had been finalized with good results among 45 test subjects.

Bavarian Nordic
Bavarian Nordic A/S is a Danish biotechnology company focused on the development, manufacturing and commercialization of vaccines. The company is headquartered in Hellerup, Denmark, with manufacturing facilities in Kvistgård, Denmark and Thörishaus near Bern, Switzerland. The company has research and development facilities in Martinsried, Germany, as well as offices in USA, Canada, and France. The company uses viral vectors and virus-like particles in its research and development.

In July 2025, the company agreed to be acquired by private equity firms Permira and Nordic Capital for 19 billion kr. (approximately US$3 billion). However, in November, the acquisition failed to gain sufficient support from Bavarian Nordic's shareholders, leading to its termination.
Wijewardene
Wijewardene or Wijewardena is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Wijewardena (1887–1964), Ceylonese judge

Clarence Wijewardena (1943–1996), Sri Lankan musician

D. R. Wijewardena (1886–1950), Ceylonese businessman

Ray Wijewardene (1924–2010), Ceylonese engineer and athlete

Ruwan Wijewardene (born 1975), Sri Lankan politician

Tyron Wijewardene (born 1961), Sri Lankan cricketer

Upali Wijewardene (1938–1983), Sri Lankan businessman

Vimala Wijewardene (1908–1985), Ceylonese politician

Clarence Wijewardena
Vithana Kuruppu Arachchilage Clarence Arthur Somasinghe Wijewardena JP (Sinhala: ක්ලැරන්ස් විජේවර්ධන, Tamil: கிளாரன்ஸ் விஜேவர்தன; 3 August 1943 – 13 December 1996), known professionally as Clarence Wijewardena, was a Sri Lankan singer, composer and musician. Considered one of the most respected musicians in Sri Lanka, Wijewardena revolutionized Sri Lankan Sinhala Pop Music with the use of the electric guitar in Sinhala music, in the 1960s. Due to his influence on Sinhala pop music, he is often named as the "father of Sri Lankan pop music".
Soil in Kilte Awula'ilo
The soils of the Kilte Awula'ilo woreda (district) in Tigray, Ethiopia reflect its longstanding agricultural history, highly seasonal rainfall regime, relatively low temperatures, the presence of a wide depression at the foot of the Atsbi horst and steep slopes. Outstanding features in the soilscape are the wide ancient fluvial deposits, the soils of the granite batholith, cuestas and fertile lands behind tufa dams.

Vertisol
A vertisol is a Soil Order in the USDA soil taxonomy and a Reference Soil Group in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). It is also defined in many other soil classification systems. In the Australian Soil Classification it is called vertosol. The natural vegetation of vertisols is grassland, savanna, or grassy woodland. The heavy texture and unstable behaviour of the soil makes it difficult for many tree species to grow, and forest is uncommon.
Thakle
Thakle is a village development committee in Udaypur district in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2336 living in 390 individual households.

Sagarmatha Zone
Sagarmāthā Zone (Nepali: सगरमाथा अञ्चल, [sʌgʌrmatʰa ʌnt͡sʌl] ⓘ "Sagarmāthā Anchal") was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. The headquarters of Sagarmatha is Rajbiraj. Sagarmāthā is a Nepali word which as per some sources, is derived from सगर ("sagar", sky) and माथा ("māthā", head).

It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including the world's highest peak Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Kosi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.
Cordon–Diffun–Maddela–Aurora Road
Cordon–Diffun–Maddela–Aurora Road or Cordon–Aurora Road signed as National Route 108 (N108) of the Philippine highway network, is a 109.72-kilometer (68.18 mi) national secondary road. It traverses the municipality of Cordon in the province of Isabela, all the municipalities in the province of Quirino (Diffun, Cabarroguis, Saguday,  Aglipay, Maddela and Nagtipunan) and the municipality of Dipaculao in the province of Aurora.

Aglipay, Quirino
Aglipay, officially the Municipality of Aglipay (Ilocano: Ili ti Aglipay; Tagalog: Bayan ng Aglipay), is a municipality in the province of Quirino, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 31,596 people.
Mahammed Dionne
Mahammed Boun Abdallah Dionne (22 September 1959 – 5 April 2024) was a Senegalese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Senegal from 2014 to 2019. He was the third prime minister appointed by President Macky Sall. Dionne served at the Central Bank of West African States, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (ONUDI), and as the advisor of the president, before his appointment as prime minister. He was a computer engineer by training.

Central Bank of West African States
The Central Bank of West African States (French: Banque centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union.

The BCEAO is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
La Crosse Queen
The La Crosse Queen is the name of seven different sightseeing and excursion boats that have operated out of La Crosse, Wisconsin's Riverside Park. The current vessel, La Crosse Queen VII was built in 2008 at Skipperliner Marine on French Island, Wisconsin. The La Crosse Queen VII offers both public and private cruises from its port in Riverside Park.  The vessel is U.S. Coast Guard inspected for safety and is licensed to carry up to 149 passengers.

French Island, Wisconsin
French Island is a census-designated place (CDP) in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,207 at the 2010 census. It lies on an island of the same name, though they are not coextensive; a portion of the island is part of the city of La Crosse. All of the island is part of the La Crosse Metropolitan Statistical Area. French Island is part of the town of Campbell and contains all of its population, because the balance of Campbell is uninhabited.
Daemon (computing)
In computing, a daemon is a program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user. Customary convention is to name a daemon process with the letter d as a suffix to indicate that it's a daemon. For example, syslogd is a daemon that implements system logging facility, and sshd is a daemon that serves incoming SSH connections.

Even though the concept can apply to many computing systems, the term daemon is used almost exclusively in the context of Unix-based systems. In other contexts, different terms are used for the same concept.

Systems often start daemons at boot time that will respond to network requests, hardware activity, or other programs by performing some task. Daemons such as cron may also perform defined tasks at scheduled times.

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the Ray and Maria Stata Center, CSAIL is the largest on-campus laboratory as measured by research scope and membership. It is part of the Schwarzman College of Computing but is also overseen by the MIT Vice President of Research.
Châteauneuf-Conthey railway station
Châteauneuf-Conthey railway station (French: Gare de Châteauneuf-Conthey, German: Bahnhof Châteauneuf-Conthey) is a railway station in the municipality of Conthey, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is an intermediate stop on the Simplon line and is served by local trains only.

Simplon Railway
The Simplon Railway is a line that links Lausanne in Switzerland and Domodossola in Italy, via Brig. The 20 km (12 mi)-long Simplon Tunnel (opened in 1906) is a major part of it. The line between Lausanne and Vallorbe is sometimes considered to form part of the line, making it 233 km (145 mi) long.

Together with the Lötschberg Railway to its north, it forms the second most important trans-Alpine railway line in Switzerland after the Gotthard Railway, which lies to its east and is about 240 km (150 mi) long.

ETCS level 2 is expected to be installed on the line between Lausanne and Brig before 2022.