hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaguar (software)
Jaguar is a computer software package used for ab initio quantum chemistry calculations for both gas and solution phases. It is commercial software marketed by the company Schrödinger. The program was originated in research groups of Richard Friesner and William Goddard and was initially called PS-GVB (referring to the so-called pseudospectral generalized valence bond method that the program featured).

Jaguar is a component of two other Schrödinger products: Maestro, which provides the graphical user interface to Jaguar, and a QM/MM program QSite, which uses Jaguar as its quantum-chemical engine. The current version is Jaguar 10.4 (2020).

Richard A. Friesner
Richard A. Friesner is an American theoretical chemist and William P. Schweitzer Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008, and the National Academy of Sciences in 2016.  Richard Friesner co-founded Schrödinger in 1990.
Allium atroviolaceum
Allium atroviolaceum is a species of flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. it is commonly called the broadleaf wild leek, and is native to Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, southern European Russia and the Caucasus, but widely cultivated in other regions as a food source and for its ornamental value. The species is sparingly naturalized in parts of the United States (Illinois, Kentucky, Virginia, and North and South Carolina) and also in southeastern Europe (Italy, Greece, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and the Balkans).

Allium atroviolaceum is a perennial herb producing a large round bulb. Scape is up to 100 cm long. Leaves are broadly linear. Umbel is spherical with many purple or red-violet flowers crowded together.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Llangollen Bridge
Llangollen Bridge is built across the River Dee at the North end of the high street of Llangollen in the county of Denbighshire in North-east Wales. The Bridge is listed as one of the seven wonders of Wales and is a Grade I listed building.

There has been a bridge across the Dee at Llangollen since at least 1284, though the current bridge appears to date to the 16th or 17th century when an earlier bridge was rebuilt. The current bridge has been enlarged numerous times since then, doubling in width. The bridge is still in use.

The local high school Ysgol Dinas Bran graduating classes have a yearly tradition (oft discouraged) of jumping into the river Dee from the bridge.

John Trevor (died 1357)
John Trevor (Welsh: Ieuan Trefor) (died 1357) was the first man of that name to hold the position of Bishop of St Asaph in north Wales, from 1346 to 1357.

The famous bridge across the River Dee at Llangollen, Denbighshire is reputed to have been built in about 1345 by John Trevor, who was then living at nearby Trefor Hall. His father, Iorwerth ab Adda, is buried at nearby Valle Crucis Abbey.
2012 Swedish Open – Women's doubles
Lourdes Domínguez Lino and María José Martínez Sánchez were the defending champions but Martínez Sánchez did not participate on account of her getting married on July 14.
Domínguez Lino played alongside Anabel Medina Garrigues, but they withdrew from the first round due to a thigh muscle strain from Domínguez Lino.
Catalina Castaño and Mariana Duque Mariño won the final 4–6, 7–5, [10–5] against Eva Hrdinová and Mervana Jugić-Salkić.

Mervana Jugić-Salkić
Mervana Jugić-Salkić (born 14 May 1980) is a Bosnian former top 100 tennis player. She turned professional in 1999, and reached her highest singles ranking on 21 June 2004, when she was ranked world No. 99. On 10 July 2006, Jugić-Salkić reached world No. 59 in doubles, after winning the Auckland Open in 2004 with Jelena Kostanić, and Internazionali di Modena in 2005 with Yuliya Beygelzimer. She also won 15 singles and 43 doubles events on the ITF Circuit. In her career, she defeated players such as Yan Zi, Victoria Azarenka, Bethanie Mattek, Sania Mirza, Anabel Medina Garrigues, Nuria Llagostera Vives and Sybille Bammer.
What on Earth? (American TV program)
What on Earth? is an American television program broadcast on Science Channel. It examines strange satellite imagery and speculates on what caused the strange phenomena visible. The program debuted in February 2015. It was Science Channel's most watched program and was renewed for a third season in 2016 and a fourth season in 2017.

The series features Karen Bellinger, Brittany Brand, Mike Capps, Devin Dennie, Andrew Gough, Steven Kearney, Alan Lester, Jim Marrs, Rob Nelson, and Nick Pope.

In 2023, WOE returned for the twelfth season of episodes (1–10; January 12, 2023 through March 16, 2023).

Nick Pope (journalist)
Nick Pope (born 1965) is a regular guest on one of History Channel’s longest running series Ancient Aliens. In addition, he is an English media commentator, author, and former civil servant. Whilst an employee at the British Government's Ministry of Defence (MoD), Pope was responsible, among other duties, for investigating UFO phenomena to determine if they had any defence significance. In February 2026, he announced he had Stage IV cancer which had metastasized.
HyperPhysics
HyperPhysics is an educational website about physics topics. 
The information architecture of the website is based on HyperCard, the platform on which the material was originally developed, and a thesaurus organization, with thousands of controlled links and usual trees organizing topics from general to specific. It also exploits concept maps to facilitate smooth navigation. HyperPhysics is hosted by Georgia State University and authored by Georgia State faculty member Dr. Rod Nave.

In the early 2000s, various teaching and education facilitators made use of HyperPhysics material through projects
and organizations, and also publishers which use SciLinks.

Tree structure
A tree structure, tree diagram, or tree model is a way of representing the hierarchical nature of a structure in a graphical form. It is named a "tree structure" because the classic representation resembles a tree, although the chart is generally upside down compared to a biological tree, with the "stem" at the top and the "leaves" at the bottom.

A tree structure is conceptual, and appears in several forms. For a discussion of tree structures in specific fields, see Tree (data structure) for computer science; insofar as it relates to graph theory, see  tree (graph theory) or tree (set theory). Other related articles are listed below.
2013 Speedway Grand Prix of New Zealand
The 2013 FIM New Zealand Speedway Grand Prix was the first round of the 2013 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 23 March at the Western Springs Stadium in Auckland, New Zealand.

The Speedway Grand Prix of New Zealand was won by Jarosław Hampel, who beat former champions Tomasz Gollob, Nicki Pedersen and Greg Hancock in the final. Although Hampel won the event, Gollob left New Zealand as the championship leader.

Greg Hancock
Gregory Alan Hancock (born June 3, 1970, in Whittier, California) is a former professional motorcycle speedway rider from the United States. As of 2023, he was one of only six riders to have won the individual World Championship four or more times.

In addition to his four Speedway World Championships he won the Speedway World Team Cup with the USA speedway team on three occasions and earned 39 caps for the United States national speedway team. Hancock appeared in all but one of the Grand Prix series, since its creation in 1995 until 2019.
Nemania effusa
Nemania effusa is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is often found living on the dead bark of willow trees. The species was originally named Hypoxylon effusum by German botanist Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke in 1867; Zdeněk Pouzar transferred it to Nemania in 1985.

Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke
Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke (26 July 1834, Breslau – 12 December 1883, Münster) was a Silesian-born German botanist and mycologist. He received his education in Breslau, obtaining his PhD in 1858. In 1860 he relocated to Münster, where in 1867 he was named professor of botany at the university, also serving as director of the botanical academy and botanical garden.

In his earlier research he was interested in angiosperms such as the genus Rosa and the species Drosera rotundifolia (common sundew), From the late 1860s, he focused on mycology, publishing significant works on the fungal class Pyrenomycetes.

The fungal genera  Acanthonitschkea, Nitschkia and Nitschkiopsis are named in his honor.
Middelburg Dam
Middelburg Dam is a dam located on the Klein Olifants River, part of the Olifants River basin. It is located near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Construction was completed in 1978, at a cost of €54.2 million. The cost was partially subsided by the French and German Governments, at a cost of €20.5 million, whilst also using a donation from the European Stability Mechanism, valued at €10 million. The primary purpose of the dam is to serve for water supply and its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental organization located in Luxembourg City, which operates under public international law for all eurozone member states having ratified a special ESM intergovernmental treaty. It was established on 27 September 2012 as a permanent firewall for the eurozone, to safeguard and provide instant access to financial assistance programmes for member states of the eurozone in financial difficulty, with a maximum lending capacity of €500 billion. It has replaced two earlier temporary EU funding programmes: the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM).
Frederick Wilkerson Waugh
Frederick Wilkerson Waugh (1872 – 1924) was an amateur Canadian ethnologist and natural historian who worked with the Geological Survey of Canada, and with a range of Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) communities and nations, including the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, and Tuscarora, as well as with Ojibwe communities, and in Labrador with the Naskapi, Innu, and Inuit communities. Largely self-taught, Waugh bridged the gap between amateur and professional anthropology during a period of significant transition in the discipline.

Oneida people
The Oneida people (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ ⓘ oh-NY-də; autonym: Onʌyoteˀa·ká·, Onyotaʼa:ka, the People of the Standing Stone) are a Native American tribe and First Nations band. They are one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area of upstate New York, particularly near the Great Lakes and around Oneida Lake and Oneida County.

The Oneida have two federally recognized tribes in the United States: the Oneida Indian Nation in New York, and the Oneida Nation in and around Green Bay, Wisconsin. In Canada the two Oneida First Nations are both located in Ontario: the Six Nations of the Grand River, and the Oneida Nation of the Thames in Southwold.
Mossberg 100ATR
The Model 100ATR is a bolt-action rifle from O.F. Mossberg & Sons. ATR stands for "all-terrain rifle".

The ATR is available in .243 Winchester, .270 Winchester, 7mm-08 Remington, .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield. It has a 4+1 round via internal magazine. It currently features camouflage stocks as well as synthetic and walnut. It also features a floating fluted barrel.

.270 Winchester
The .270 Winchester is a rifle cartridge developed by Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1923, and it was unveiled in 1925 as a chambering for their bolt-action Model 54 to become arguably the flattest shooting cartridge of its day, only competing with the .300 Holland & Holland Magnum, also introduced in the same year.

The .270 Winchester was derived from the  .30-06 Springfield and the bore diameter was likely inspired by 7mm Mauser. The .270 Winchester uses a .270 inch (6.86 mm) bore diameter and a .277 inch (7.04 mm) bullet diameter.
Shawna Baker
Shawna S. Baker, a Native American lawyer, citizen of the Cherokee Nation, is the third woman and the first out, two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer person (LGBTQ+) to be appointed a justice on the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court. Baker is also on the Chuck Hoskin Jr., Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, Domestic Violence Task Force which was launched in 2021, and on the Cherokee Nation Health Services’ Ending the HIV Epidemic Committee. She is an advisor to Indian Health Services and on the Ending the HIV Epidemic Committee in Northwest Portland, Oregon, USA. Other roles include being a distinguished alumna in residence at the University of Tulsa College of Law, managing attorney of Family Legacy and Wealth Counsel, PLLC, and a trustee of Oklahomans for Equality in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Downtown Tulsa
Downtown Tulsa is an area of approximately 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) surrounded by an inner-dispersal loop created by Interstate 244, US 64 and US 75. The area serves as Tulsa's financial and business district; it is the focus of a large initiative to draw tourism, which includes plans to capitalize on the area's historic architecture. Much of Tulsa's convention space is located in downtown, such as the Tulsa Performing Arts Center and the Arvest Convention Center, as well as the BOK Center. Prominent downtown sub-districts include the Blue Dome District, the Tulsa Arts District, and the Greenwood Historical District, which includes the site of ONEOK Field, a baseball stadium for the Tulsa Drillers opened in 2010. The Tulsa World and This Land Press have their headquarters in Downtown Tulsa.

In 2010, the estimated population of downtown is 4,000. The daytime population is estimated to be 36,000.
People of the Red Orchestra
This is a list of participants, associates and  helpers of, and certain infiltrators (such as Heinz Pannwitz) into, the Red Orchestra (German: Die Rote Kapelle) as it was known in Germany. Red Orchestra was the name given by the Abwehr to members of the German resistance to Nazism and anti-Nazi resistance movements in Allied or occupied countries during World War II. Many of the people on this list were arrested by the Abwehr or Gestapo. They were tried at the Nazi Imperial War Court before being executed either by hanging or guillotine, unless otherwise indicated. As the SS-Sonderkommando also took action against Soviet espionage networks within Switzerland, people who worked there are also included here.

Switzerland during the world wars
During World War I and World War II, Switzerland maintained armed neutrality and was not invaded by its neighbors, in part because of its heavily mountainous terrain. Switzerland built up its defence capabilities during this period to guard against an attack from neighbouring Germany, which never occurred. It served as a protecting power for the belligerents of both sides, with a special role in helping prisoners of war. The belligerent states made Switzerland a scene for diplomacy, espionage, and commerce, as well as a safe haven for 300,000 refugees.
Jen Crawford
Jennifer Crawford (born July 25, 1964) is an American former rugby union fifteens and sevens player. A former all-time leading Eagles tryscorer at the time of her retirement, Crawford is considered the finest female player produced by North America.

Crawford participated at the Women's Rugby World Cup in 1991, 1994, and 1998. At her last world cup, she captained the Eagles and earned her twentieth cap and she was the team's leading try-scorer. Crawford also led the Berkley All-Blues to nine consecutive USA Rugby National Women's Club championships as a player and assistant coach.

1998 Women's Rugby World Cup
The 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup was the first world cup fully sanctioned by the International Rugby Board (IRB) and the third Women's Rugby World Cup in history. The tournament took place in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands and was the first women's world cup held outside of the United Kingdom.

The tournament saw a record 16 teams compete and heightened media attention. There was no qualification process, teams taking part by invitation from the IRB. New Zealand defeated the United States 44–12 in the final.

Several matches in the tournament were filmed for television and a one-hour TV highlights programme was produced by IMG. These recordings are held as part of the IRB's World Cup Archive.
Diederik Simon
Diederik Rudolf Simon (born 10 April 1970 in Bloemendaal, North Holland) is a rower from the Netherlands, who competed for his native country in five consecutive Summer Olympics.

He won the gold medal with the Holland Acht (Holland Eight) at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. He earned silver medals in the Men's Quadruple Sculls (Sydney 2000) and in the Men's Eights (Athens 2004). After becoming a coach, he rejoined the national team in 2007, placing fourth at the Beijing Olympics (2008) and fifth at the London Olympics (2012), both in the Dutch Men's Eights. He trained for his sixth Olympics in Rio de Janeiro 2016, but was not selected for the Dutch team.

Simon auctioned off his Olympic gold medal to raise money for Nereus Rowing Club in Amsterdam. He left his second silver medal in an Athens taxi but it was returned to him after he reported the loss to the police.

Bloemendaal
Bloemendaal (pronounced [ˈblumə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and town in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Bloemendaal is, together with Wassenaar, the wealthiest place in the Netherlands. It is located just west of Haarlem, on the North Sea.

In October 2015, after persistent problems with the local governance in Bloemendaal, the King's Commissioner of North Holland, Johan Remkes, threatened to disband the municipality if the problems were not resolved within a year. Bernt Schneiders, the mayor of Haarlem, was appointed acting mayor of Bloemendaal.
Nigel Dobbs
Nigel Patrick Dobbs (born 8 May 1962) is a former English cricketer.  Dobbs was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire.

Dobbs made his debut for Lincolnshire in the 1986 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland.  Dobbs played Minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire from 1986 to 1994, which included 44 Minor Counties Championship matches and 13 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Lancashire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy.  He played 2 further List A matches for Lincolnshire, against Nottinghamshire in the 1991 NatWest Trophy and Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. In his 3 matches, he scored just 3 runs.

Lincolnshire County Cricket Club
Lincolnshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Lincolnshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Lincolnshire played List A matches occasionally from 1966 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Lincoln and plays matches around the county at Lincoln, Bourne, Grantham, London Road, Sleaford and Cleethorpes.
Boris Mikhailovich
Boris Mikhailovich (Russian: Борис Михайлович) was a 13th-century nobleman from Vladimir-Suzdal. He is, controversially, considered by some to have been Prince of Moscow from 1248 to 1263, preceding Daniil Aleksandrovich, who is more often named as the first Prince of Moscow.

Boris was the son of Mikhail Yaroslavich Khorobrit, who was the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and would thus have been Daniil's uncle. Boris' father was briefly Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1248, but Boris never seems to have held that title. Following Boris' death, Daniil took control of Moscow only in about 1283.

Grand Prince of Moscow
The Grand Prince of Moscow (Russian: великий князь Московский, romanized: velikiy knyaz Moskovskiy), known as the Prince of Moscow until 1389, was the ruler of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an appanage within the Vladimir-Suzdal grand principality. By the late 14th century, the grand principality became a family possession of the princes of Moscow; the monarch bore the title of grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow and later the title of grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia.
Eliya VII
Eliya VII (Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ / Elīyā, d. 26 May 1617) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1591 to 1617, with residence in Rabban Hormizd Monastery, near Alqosh, in modern Iraq. On several occasions, in 1605–1607 and 1610, and again in 1615–1616, he negotiated on with representatives of the Catholic Church, but without any final conclusion. In older historiography, he was designated as Eliya VII, but later renumbered as Eliya "VIII" by some authors. After the resolution of several chronological questions, he was designated again as Eliya VII, and that numeration is accepted in recent scholarly works.

Alqosh
Alqosh (Syriac: ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אלקוש, Arabic: ألقوش, alternatively spelled Alkosh, Alqoš, or Alqush) is a town in the Nineveh Plains of northern Iraq, a sub-district of the Tel Kaif District situated 45 km north of the city of Mosul.

The inhabitants of Alqosh are Assyrians who since the 18th century now mostly adhere to the Chaldean Catholic Church.
During the Iron Age, the Alqosh plain appears to have been home to the small regional kingdom of Qumāne, but was subsequently annexed by Assyria.
Sireli Naqelevuki
Sireli Masibalavu Naqelevuki (born 30 September 1980, in Suva, Fiji) plays as a prop in rugby sevens but in traditional 15s he is a wing or centre. He made his rugby sevens debut in 2002 in Dubai Sevens. He is 1.93m tall (6'4") and weighs 118 kg. Contracted to the FRU, he played in seven of the eight IRB 7s tournaments when Fiji won the 2005–06 Series. His father, test rep Samu Naqelevuki, was a hard-hitting utility back who died in November 2002 only a few days after Sireli had been selected for the Fiji 7s team.

Fiji national rugby sevens team
The Fiji national rugby sevens team has competed in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Olympics. Fiji won the gold medal in the inaugural rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics in 2016 in Brazil, the country's first Olympic medal in any event, and repeated as Olympic champions in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, defeating New Zealand. Fiji would fall short from winning gold for a third straight time in 2024 after a defeat in the final to hosts France. Overall, Fiji are the only national rugby sevens team in the world to have won the Sevens Treble (the Olympics, Sevens Series, and World Cup), the three major achievements in Sevens. They have won multiple World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Fiji Sevens is watched and enjoyed by fans around the world for its style of play — the "Flying Fijians" play with Fijian flair. Their passing and offloads can be unorthodox for traditional rugby coaching, and more similar to basketball style.