hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cadophora malorum
Cadophora malorum is a saprophytic plant pathogen that causes side rot in apple and pear and can also cause disease on asparagus and kiwifruit. C. malorum has been found parasitizing shrimp and other fungal species in the extreme environments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and can be categorized as a halophilic psychrotrophic fungus and a marine fungus.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge (a divergent or constructive plate boundary) located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic, the ridge separates the North American from the Eurasian plate and the African plate, north and south of the Azores triple junction. In the South Atlantic, it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet triple junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough elevation to extend above sea level, for example in Iceland. The ridge has an average spreading rate of about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) per year.
1992–93 Cuban National Series
The 32nd season of the Cuban National Series saw a slight contraction of the league. Two of the Cuban provinces that had been fielding two teams each since the 1977–78 season, Pinar del Río Province and Matanzas Province, began fielding one team each. Vegueros and Forestales became the Pinar del Río team, while Henequeneros and Citricultores became the Matanzas team. Ciudad de La Habana Province (Havana city) continued to field two teams, Industriales and Metropolitanos.

The league's now-16 teams were divided into four groups, and each team's regular-season schedule was increased from 48 to 65 games. Each group winner advanced to the postseason. Pinar del Río and Villa Clara advanced to the championship series, which was won by Villa Clara in a seven-game series.

La Habana Province
La Habana Province [la aˈβana] ⓘ, formerly known as Ciudad de La Habana Province, is a province of Cuba that includes the territory of the city of Havana, the Republic's capital. The province's territory is the seat of the superior organs of the state and its provincial administration.

Between 1878 and 2010, the name referred to a different province that covered a much larger area, and after 1976 restructuring, the then-La Habana Province did not include the city of Havana. The larger province was subdivided in 2010 into the present-day provinces of Artemisa (which also took over three municipalities from Pinar del Río) and Mayabeque.
United States at the CONCACAF Gold Cup
The United States national team has participated in all eighteen editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup since its foundation in 1991 to replace the CONCACAF Championship. The United States is also the second-most successful team in the tournament, having won seven titles since the beginning of the Gold Cup era, behind only Mexico by three titles. Before the Gold Cup however, the United States only qualified for two of the previous ten CONCACAF Championships (1985 and 1989).

Since its inception in 1991, the CONCACAF Gold Cup is continually hosted or co-hosted by the United States (due to the United States being the only country that can host a profitable tournament), therefore the United States have frequently participated in the tournament and are considered to be one of the two major teams alongside Mexico. They have reached the final thirteen times, losing six out of eight times when facing Mexico, but winning the other five finals against various opponents.

2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 12th CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 22nd CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's fifty years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition began on July 7, 2013, at the Rose Bowl, and ended with the final on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field, with the United States defeating Panama 1–0. In this edition of the Gold Cup, Mexico participated with an alternative squad due to the main players competing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup prior to the Gold Cup. Despite not playing with their full squad, they reached the semi-finals where they lost to eventual runners-up Panama with a score of 1–2.

United States won the tournament, which qualified them for a play-off match against the champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, to decide which team would represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. The playoff was played in a single match held on October 10, 2015, which Mexico won 3–2.
Touby Lyfoung
Touby Lyfoung (RPA: Tub Npis Lis Foom [tú ᵐbì lì fɔ̰̃], Pahawh: 𖬆𖬰𖬧𖬵 𖬃𖬰𖬨𖬵 𖬃𖬰𖬞 𖬌𖬰𖬜𖬵 [tú ᵐbì lì fɔ̰̃]: 1919–1979) was a Hmong political and military leader. Born in 1919 in Nong Het, Laos, he became the first Hmong politician to achieve national prominence. During his long career, which began under French colonial rule and extended to the communist takeover in 1975, he supported the Royal Lao Government (RLG) and American involvement in the Secret War.

Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao (Lao: ປະເທດລາວ, romanized: Pa thēt Lāo, lit. 'Lao Nation'), officially the Lao People's Liberation Army, was a communist political movement and organization in Laos, formed in the 20th century. It ultimately gained control over the entire country of Laos in 1975, after the Laotian Civil War. The Pathet Lao were associated and dependent on Vietnamese communists and North Vietnam since their foundation, with the group being established after advice from Hanoi to create a Laotian counterpart of the Viet Minh or Viet Cong. During the civil war, it was effectively organised, equipped and led by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). They fought against the anti-communist forces in the Vietnam War. Eventually, the term became the generic name for Laotian communists.
Under orders from Mao Zedong, the People's Liberation Army provided 115,000 guns, 920,000 grenades and 170 million bullets, and trained more than 700 of its military officers.
He'an County
He'an County (Chinese: 和安; pinyin: Hé'ān) is a county in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. It is the southernmost county-level division of Xinjiang. It administers part of Aksai Chin.

The county government is seated in the town of Dahongliutan (or simply Hongliu), which is located at an elevation of 4,200 meters above sealevel.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Box Elder Treaty
The Box Elder Treaty is an agreement between the Northwestern Shoshone and the United States government, signed on July 30, 1863. It was adopted after a period of conflict which included the Bear River Massacre on January 29, 1863. The treaty had little effect until 1968, when the United States compensated the Northwestern band for their land claim at a rate of about 50¢ per acre.

Patrick Edward Connor
Patrick Edward Connor (March 17, 1820 – December 17, 1891) was an Irish-American soldier who served as a Union general during the American Civil War. He is most notorious for his massacres against Native Americans during the Indian Wars in the American Old West.
CILB-FM
CILB-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting a classic hits format at 103.5 FM in Lac La Biche, Alberta. The station is branded as Boom 103.5 and was owned by Newcap Broadcasting until they were bought out by Stingray Group.

Newcap received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on January 18, 2006 and CILB was officially launched on December 7, 2007 at 10:35 AM as Big Dog 103.5, airing an adult hits format.

On July 7, 2017, at Midnight, after playing "Who Let The Dogs Out" by Baha Men (which was also the first song played as "Big Dog"), CILB flipped to classic hits as Boom 103.5. The first song played on "Boom" was "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" by Meatloaf.

Stingray Radio
Stingray Radio Inc. is a Canadian radio broadcasting conglomerate owned by Stingray Group. It owns and operates 101 radio stations in Canada, making it the largest radio conglomerate in Canada. It also once owned two now-defunct television stations in Lloydminster. The majority of its stations are situated in Atlantic and Western Canada, with its largest presences being in the provinces of Alberta and Newfoundland.

The company was founded in 1986 by Harold R. Steele as Newfoundland Capital Corporation Ltd. based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, later operating under the names Newcap Broadcasting and Newcap Radio. In October 2018, Newcap was acquired by Stingray. As a result of the acquisition, the Steele family became Stingray Group's largest third-party shareholder.
Fredrik Johansson (orienteer)
Fredrik Bakkman (previously Fredrik Johansson; born 29 July 1986) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He was born in Borås.

He won a gold medal in the relay in the 2014 World Orienteering Championships in Asiago-Lavarone with the Swedish team, and placed 6th in the long distance. At the 2016 World Orienteering Championships in Strömstad he won a bronze medal in relay with the Swedish team, along with Gustav Bergman and William Lind.

As a junior, he won a silver medal in the relay at the 2006 Junior World Championships in Druskininkai, where he also placed seventh in the long course.

He won the Jukola relay in 2017.

Lavarone
Lavarone (in the local dialect Lavaronese "Lavarón", in Cimbrian "Lavròu", in German, outdated "Lafraun") is an Italian municipality with 1,194 inhabitants in the autonomous province of Trento. It is part of the "Magnifica Comunità degli Altipiani Cimbri," whose administrative seat is in the Gionghi district. Historically, the municipality of Lavarone has friendly ties with the Austrian town of Braunau am Inn and the Italian town of Prato.
Wahnes's parotia
Wahnes's parotia (Parotia wahnesi) is a medium-sized passerine of the bird-of-paradise family (Paradisaeidae). This species is distributed and endemic to the mountain forests of Huon Peninsula and Adelbert Mountains, northeast Papua New Guinea. The diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods.

The name honors the German naturalist Carl Wahnes, who collected in New Guinea.

Wahnes's parotia is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES; its threat classification is C2a(1). This indicates that less than 10,000 adult birds exist, fragmented into subpopulations of less than 1000, and that they are probably declining.

Adelbert Range
Adelbert Range is a mountain range in Madang Province, north-central Papua New Guinea. The highest point of the mountains is at 1,716 metres (5,630 ft).

The Northern Adelbert languages and Southern Adelbert languages are spoken in the region.
János Haraszti
János Haraszti, Dr. (Kaposvár, 29 October 1924 – Budapest, 22 October 2007) was a veterinarian, university teacher, and researcher. He used to be the key figure of Hungarian reproductive biology research. He became one of the first members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences as a veterinarian. He was the Secretary of the Committee of Veterinary Medicine of the Hungarian Academy of Science and President of the Association of Hungarian Veterinarians.

Kaposvár
Kaposvár (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒpoʃvaːr]; also known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in southwestern Hungary, south of Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia, the capital of Somogy County, and the seat of the Kaposvár District and the Diocese of Kaposvár.
James Webb III
James Leroy Webb III (born August 19, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for Unicaja of the Spanish Liga ACB and the Champions League. He played college basketball for North Idaho College and Boise State University. He played in the NBA in 2017–18.

Delaware Blue Coats
The Delaware Blue Coats are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Wilmington, Delaware. They are the G-League affiliates of the Philadelphia 76ers. The Blue Coats play their home games at Chase Fieldhouse. The Blue Coats are owned by Josh Harris and David Blitzer under Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE), who also own the 76ers.

The team was founded in 2007 as the Utah Flash and served as an affiliate to the Utah Jazz. In April 2013, the 76ers acquired the team and relocated it to Newark, Delaware, where it played as the Delaware 87ers (nicknamed the Sevens) until 2018. The team then moved to Wilmington and were rebranded as the Delaware Blue Coats. The team won the 2022–23 G League championship.
Alexi Batista
Alexi Batista sometimes written as Alexis Batista (born (1976-01-04)4 January 1976) is a Panamanian male weightlifter. He represented Panama at international competitions. He participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the 64 kg event and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 69 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships.

Weightlifting at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 64 kg
These are the results of the men's 64 kg competition in weightlifting at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. A total of 36 athletes competed in the event. Winning the gold medal, Turkey's Naim Süleymanoğlu became the first weightlifter in history to win three consecutive Olympic titles.
Amahlathi Local Municipality elections
The Amahlathi Local Municipality council (within the South African Amathole District Municipality) consists of thirty members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Fifteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in fifteen wards, while the remaining fifteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of twenty-three seats.

Amahlathi Local Municipality
Amahlathi Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala wase Amahlathi) is a local municipality within the Amatole District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Amahlati is an isiXhosa word meaning "a place where many trees are grouped together, a forest". Forests are a key feature of the area. From 1972 to 1994, much of the land now encompassing the municipality was part of the former Ciskei bantustan.
Asfur
Asfur (Hebrew: עספור) is an Israeli television series, which is broadcast on the channel HOT3. Its title, which literally means "bird" in Arabic, is the main protagonist's "good luck bird" – his late grandfather believed that its arrival symbolized a positive turn of events.

Hot (Israel) had already started working on two additional seasons even before the television pilot was aired. Season two began airing on October 17, 2011. Savyon and Amir sold the format to John Wells (of the Warner Bros. fame) in October 2011. The adaptation, named "Hard Up", will air on FOX.

TV format
A TV format is the overall concept and branding of a copyrighted television show. The most common type of formats are those in the television genres of game shows and reality shows, though other genres (e.g., sitcoms) are also adapted. TV formats may be viewed as a form of intellectual property (IP), and are regularly bought and sold, though TV formats are not generally protected under copyright law.
Gary Railway
The Gary Railway (reporting mark GRW) is owned and operated by Transtar, Inc. It currently runs along 63 miles of yard track throughout Gary, Indiana as a class III switching carrier for local steel supply.  The Gary Railway is the successor to the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway after Canadian National Railway purchased the majority of the former EJE and finalized the deal on February 1, 2009.

Currently the Gary Railway's primary customer is the U.S. Steel works in Gary, Indiana. However, it also serves four additional steel processing groups: Cleveland-Cliffs, Tube City IMS, Brandenburg Industrial, and the Levy Company.  The railway interchanges with Canadian National at Gary as well as several other Class I rail carriers connected along the lines of the former Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Mitsubishi B1M
The Mitsubishi B1M was a Japanese torpedo bomber of the 1920s, also known as the Navy Type 13 Carrier-Borne Attack Aircraft. It was designed and built by Mitsubishi and used in combat against China. The aircraft was used by the air services of the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army.

Torpedo bomber
A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carrying the weight of a torpedo, and remained an important aircraft type until they were rendered obsolete by anti-ship missiles. They were an important element in many famous Second World War battles, notably the British attack at Taranto, the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, the sinking of the British battleship HMS Prince Of Wales and the British battlecruiser HMS Repulse and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Dubensky District, Russia
Dubensky District or Dubyonsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

Dubyonsky District, Republic of Mordovia, an administrative and municipal district of the Republic of Mordovia

Dubensky District, Tula Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Tula Oblast

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Wallace Rock
Wallace Rock (75°55′S 128°27′W﻿ / ﻿75.917°S 128.450°W﻿ / -75.917; -128.450) is a rock outcrop 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) east of Peter Nunatak at the southeast extremity of the McCuddin Mountains, Marie Byrd Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–69. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for James W. Wallace, UTC, U.S. Navy, Chief Utilitiesman at South Pole Station in 1965 and 1969.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wallace Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Chaoyang railway station (Guangdong)
Chaoyang railway station (Chinese: 潮阳站) is a railway station located in the Chaoyang District of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China, on the Xiamen–Shenzhen railway operated by the Guangzhou Railway Group, China Railway Corporation.

China Railway Guangzhou Group
China Railway Guangzhou Group, officially abbreviated as CR Guangzhou or CR-Guangzhou, formerly, Guangzhou Railway (Group) Corporation from 1993 to 2017 and Guangzhou Railway Administration from 1953 to 1993, is a subsidiary company operating under the umbrella of the China Railway Group (formerly the Ministry of Railway). It is responsible for the railway network within Guangdong, Hunan, and Hainan provinces.

Guangzhou Railway is the largest shareholder (37.12%) of Guangshen Railway, the operator of Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway.

Guangzhou Railway is a subsidiary of China Railway. Both companies were incorporated under the Law on Industrial Enterprises, instead of newer Company Law of China.
Mahog
Mahog is a tiny village in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It has a population of around 50. It is around five kilometers from Chail on the Kandaghat road. The village is known for its floriculture, with many hi-tech floriculture polyhouse farms located in the village.

Floriculture
Floriculture (from  Latin: floris + culture) is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colourful and even edible flowers and foliage. It is a commercially successful branch of horticulture and agriculture found throughout the world. Efficient production practices have been developed over the years, for the hundreds of plant taxa used in the floral industry, increasing the overall knowledge of whole plant biology. Plant breeding and selection have produced tens of thousands of new genotypes for human use.
Melville Hall River
The Melville Hall River is a river in Dominica. It is located in the north of the island, flowing northeast from the slopes of Morne Diablotin and discharging into the Atlantic Ocean between the villages of Wesley and Marigot.

15°33′N 61°18′W﻿ / ﻿15.550°N 61.300°W﻿ / 15.550; -61.300

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.