hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
June 2025 South Africa floods
The June 2025 South Africa floods were caused by torrential rain, heavy winds, and snow that swept through Cape Town, South Africa, causing dozens of deaths and displacing thousands. A powerful cold front had swept through Cape Town and neighboring provinces beginning 10 June 2025. The storm caused rivers to burst their banks producing floodwaters of up to 3–4 metres (10–13 ft) deep around Mthatha, leading to homes, vehicles, buses, and individuals caught off guard to be swept away, People were stranded on rooftops and in trees awaiting rescue following the storms. The city (Mthatha) is near the village of Qunu, birthplace of Nelson Mandela, the late anti-apartheid hero and former president.

On 18 June, a national disaster was declared, one week after the floods began.

Cold front
A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air at ground level that replaces a warmer mass of air and lies within a pronounced surface trough of low pressure. It often forms behind an extratropical cyclone (to the west in the Northern Hemisphere, to the east in the Southern), at the leading edge of its cold air advection pattern—known as the cyclone's dry "conveyor belt" flow. Temperature differences across the boundary can exceed 30 °C (54 °F) from one side to the other. When enough moisture is present, rain can occur along the boundary. If there is significant instability along the boundary, a narrow line of thunderstorms can form along the frontal zone. If instability is weak, a broad shield of rain can move in behind the front, and evaporative cooling of the rain can increase the temperature difference across the front. Cold fronts are stronger in the fall and spring transition seasons and are weakest during the summer.
Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795
The Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795 was a slave revolt in the Dutch colony of Curaçao, led by the enslaved man Tula (Toela in a contemporary Dutch report). It resulted in a month-long conflict on the island between escapees and the colonial government. Tula was aware of the Haitian Revolution that had resulted in freedom for the enslaved in Haiti. He argued that, since the European Netherlands was now under French occupation as a sister republic, the slaves on Curaçao should get their freedom as well.

Sister republic
Sister republics (French: république sœur, pronounced [ʁepyblik sœʁ] ⓘ) were satellite states of the French Republic set up in the territories captured by the victorious French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars; like their protector, they were revolutionary republics. This became particularly evident after the First French Empire was established in 1804, after which France annexed several sister republics and transformed the remainder into monarchies ruled by members of the House of Bonaparte.
Grzymałów
Grzymałów can refer to:

Grzymałów, a village in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland

Grzymałów, a village in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland

Grzymałów, another name for Hrymailiv, a town in Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine

Hrymailiv
Hrymailiv (Ukrainian: Гримайлів; Polish: Grzymałów; Yiddish: רימאלאוו, romanized: Rimalov) is a rural settlement in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Hrymailiv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,753 (2022 estimate).
Ferrari (song)
"Ferrari" is a song by English DJ and record producer James Hype and British singer Miggy Dela Rosa, released as a single through Island Records and the Cross on 15 March 2022. It samples "I Need a Girl (Part Two)" by P. Diddy and Ginuwine featuring Loon, Mario Winans, and Tammy Ruggieri (2002). The song charted across Europe, reaching number one on the Belgian Ultratop 50 and Dutch Single Top 100. It was released a remix of the single named Ferrari Remix featuring Miggy Dela Rosa and the Italian rapper Lazza.

Dutch Single Top 100
The Dutch Single Top 100 or Single Top 100 is a Dutch chart, based on official physical single sales, legal downloads and since July 2013 streaming and composed by Dutch Charts. It is one of the three official charts, the other two being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 30. The difference is that these charts also include airplay data.
The list is especially intended for the music industry and those who take an interest in charts. In Dutch TV programmes the Single Top 100 is often cited, although it has not been broadcast since December 2006.
Barbanza e Iria
Barbanza e Iria is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Galicia. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the municipalities of Catoira, Valga, Pontecesures, Padrón, Dodro, Rianxo, Boiro, A Pobra do Caramiñal, Ribeira and some parts of Porto do Son and Lousame, located in the provinces of A Coruña and Pontevedra, in Galicia, Spain.

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2007.

Porto do Son
Porto do Son (Galician pronunciation: [ˈpɔɾtʊ ðʊ ˈsoŋ]) is a municipality in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Noia. The municipality of Porto do Son encompasses a collection of coastal towns and villages in from including the town of Porto do Son itself, and other towns such as Portosín. The area is around 25 km by 6 km and has many beaches along with some famous Celtic ruins, the castro (i.e., "hill fort") called the "Castro de Baroña".
Mesves–Bulcy station
Mesves–Bulcy is a railway station in Mesves-sur-Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. The station is located on the Moret-Lyon railway. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF between Cosne-sur-Loire and Nevers.

Moret–Lyon railway
The railway from Moret-Veneux-les-Sablons to Lyon is a French 492-kilometre long railway line, that connects the Paris region to the city Lyon via Nevers and Saint-Étienne. The railway was opened in several stages between 1828 and 1861. The section between Saint-Étienne and Saint-Just-sur-Loire was the first railway line in France. It has functioned as an alternative (but longer) line for the Paris–Marseille railway between Paris and Lyon. Its main use, besides local traffic, is now for the connection between Paris and Clermont-Ferrand.
Sucrosomial iron
Sucrosomial iron is a new oral iron preparation containing ferric pyrophosphate covered by phospholipids plus sucrose ester of fatty acid matrix. This allows the molecule to be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by trans-cellular, para-cellular and M-cells independently of hepcidin and due to gastro-resistant properties, it does not cause the side effects such as gastric irritation which is commonly associated to oral iron.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Blood blister
A blood blister is a type of blister that forms when subdermal tissues and blood vessels are damaged without piercing the skin. It consists of a pool of lymph, blood and other body fluids trapped beneath the skin. If punctured, it suppurates a dark  fluid. Sometimes the fluids are cut off from the rest of the body and dry up, leaving behind dead cell material inside the blister with a texture like putty. Some blood blisters can be extremely painful due to bruising where the blister occurred.

There are also blood blister-like aneurysms. These are sometimes located in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, and have been recognized as having unique pathological and clinical features.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
Joe Saliba
Joe Saliba was the Secretary General of the Nationalist Party of Malta (1999–2008), taking over from Lawrence Gonzi.

Saliba undertook most of the strategy and statistical work of the party, and to date is one of the most successful Secretaries General in Malta, holding a record three consecutive wins at a national level, two general elections, and a referendum on Malta's membership with the EU.

In 2012, he was awarded the second-place National Book Prize in the Poetry in Maltese category for Spiral, an anthology of over 100 poems and 201 haiku he wrote between 1995 and 2010 when he was of Secretary General with the Nationalist Party. It was published in 2011 by Klabb Kotba Maltin and contains an introduction by Professor Joe Friggieri and a foreword by Rev. Professor Peter Serracino Inglott.

He also wrote a number of theatrical works, including a stage adaptation of Oliver Friggieri's novel Fil-Parlament ma Jikbrux Fjuri in 1987.

Peter Serracino Inglott
Peter Serracino Inglott (26 April 1936 – 16 March 2012) was a priest, philosopher, scholar and rector of the University of Malta from 1987 to 1988, then consecutively from 1991 to 1996. He was awarded the title of Emeritus Professor of philosophy at the University of Malta. He was a key figure at reconstructing the Maltese education system and held academia to his personal life prominently. He was also politically affiliated with the country's Nationalist Party, serving as advisor to former Prime Minister of Malta, Eddie Fenech Adami.

Serracino Inglott was ordained in Milan by Cardinal Montini, later Pope Paul VI.
To the Limit (1995 film)
To the Limit is a 1995 action thriller film directed by Raymond Martino and starring Michael Nouri as China Smith and Joey Travolta as Frank Davinci. The film is a sequel to DaVinci's War, and its plot concerns a CIA rogue division war against the criminal underworld. It was the first starring role for Anna Nicole Smith, coming after being named Playboy Playmate of the Year.

David Proval
David Proval (born May 20, 1942) is an American actor best known for his roles as Tony DeVienazo in the Martin Scorsese film Mean Streets (1973), Snooze in The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Siegfried in Four Rooms (1995) and  as Richie Aprile on the HBO television series The Sopranos (1999–2007).
George Kranz
George Kranz is a German dance music singer and percussionist. He is best known for his song "Trommeltanz", otherwise known as "Din Daa Daa". The song hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1984 and then returned to the chart in a new version in 1991, peaking at No. 8. "Din Daa Daa" (sometimes spelled "Din Da Da") is considered a classic dance music track and has been remixed, sampled and bootlegged many times, including in 1987's seminal "Pump Up the Volume" by MARRS, 1998's Praise Joint Remix by Kirk Franklin, 2005's "Shake" by the Ying Yang Twins, "Turn Around" by Flo Rida an Xbox 360 commercial and a Google Chrome commercial.

Kirk Franklin
Kirk Dewayne Franklin (born January 26, 1970) is an American gospel musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Franklin's accolades include 20 Grammy Awards. Variety has called Franklin a "Reigning King of Urban Gospel", and Franklin is one of the inaugural inductees into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame. Franklin has also been associated with The Family, God's Property, and One Nation Crew (1NC).
Siege of Tournai (1709)
The siege of Tournai was a siege of the city of Tournai, then part of the Kingdom of France, between 28 June and 3 September 1709. A Grand Alliance army under the British Duke of Marlborough successfully forced the surrender of the French garrison during the War of the Spanish Succession.

The siege was the first significant engagement of the 1709 campaign. Marlborough intended to take the city quickly, thereby enabling an Allied advance into northern France. The garrison however, under the Marquis de Surville, held out for considerably longer than had been expected and the siege consumed much of the fighting season. It saw extensive use of mining and countermining as the Allies sought to break through strong French fortifications, particularly Tournai's citadel. The British historian, David G. Chandler, described the siege as "one of the hardest fought and least pleasant of modern history".

Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)
The Grand Alliance  was signed on 20 December 1689 by William III, King of England and Scotland, and  Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. A coalition between the Dutch Republic, England, and the Habsburg Monarchy, its primary purpose was to oppose the expansionist policies of Louis XIV of France.

With the subsequent additions of Spain and Savoy, the Grand Alliance fought the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War against France that ended with the Peace of Ryswick. It was reformed by the 1701 Treaty of The Hague prior to the War of the Spanish Succession, and dissolved in 1713 following the Peace of Utrecht.
Darn That Dream
"Darn That Dream" is a popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen with lyrics by Eddie DeLange. It was published in 1939 and ranked No. 1 in 1940 when a recording was released by Benny Goodman in an arrangement by Eddie Sauter with Mildred Bailey singing the vocal. Other popular recordings in 1940 were by Blue Barron & His Orchestra (vocal by Russ Carlyle) (#14 in Billboard charts) and by Tommy Dorsey (vocal by Anita Boyer) (#16 in Billboard charts).

The song was introduced in the Broadway musical Swingin' the Dream, a variation on A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare set in New Orleans in 1890. The musical opened at Center Theatre in November 1939 and closed after 13 performances.

Tommy Dorsey
Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. (November 19, 1905 – November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "This Love of Mine" (no. 3 in 1941) featuring Frank Sinatra on vocals, "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again" (no. 1 for 12 weeks in 1940).
Duchess of Devonshire as Cynthia
Duchess of Devonshire as Cynthia is a 1782 portrait painting by the British artist Maria Cosway. It depicts the aristocrat Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire as the moon goddess Cynthia from Edmund Spenser's epic poem The Faerie Queene. The Duchess, a prominent socialite of the Georgian era, is shown in flight emerging from the clouds. It is noted for its innovate blend of portraiture and literature.

Cosway and her husband Richard Cosway lived in a residence in Berkley Square adjacent to that of the Duchess. Richard, a fashionable painter, was commissioned to produce a number of portrait miniatures of the Duchess.
The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1782 at Somerset House in London, where it earned great praise. It is in the collection of Chatsworth House in Derbyshire. A mezzotint produced by Valentine Green was based on the painting.

Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Spencer; /dʒɔːrˈdʒeɪnə/ jor-JAY-nə; 7 June 1757 – 30 March 1806), was an English aristocrat, socialite, political organiser, author, and activist. Born into the Spencer family and married into the Cavendish family, she was the first wife of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and the mother of the 6th Duke of Devonshire.

The Duchess was famous for her charisma, political influence, beauty, unusual marital arrangement, love affairs, socializing, and notoriety for her gambling addiction, leading to an immense debt. She was the great-great-great-grandaunt of Diana, Princess of Wales. Their lives, two centuries apart, have been compared in tragedy.
Bondefangeri i Vaterland
Bondefangeri i Vaterland (Con Job in Vaterland) is a Norwegian silent film from 1911 that is considered lost. The film portrayed prostitutes and beggars in Oslo's Vaterland neighborhood. The film premiered at the Kosmorama Theater in Kristiania (now Oslo) on November 11, 1911.

Vaterland, Norway
Vaterland is a neighborhood in Oslo, Norway. It is located north of the tracks at Oslo Central Station, between Jernbanetorget, Storgata and Akerselva river. The area features Oslo Central Station and Oslo Bus Terminal, the shopping centers Oslo City and Byporten, Galleri Oslo, Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel, the concert arena Oslo Spektrum and Postgirobygget. Vaterland Park lies along the Aker River.

The name Vaterland was borrowed from Dutch Waterland 'wetland, waterland'.
William Vanhuylenbroek
William ("Willy") Vanhuylenbroek (born 21 June 1956) is a long-distance runner from Belgium, who won the 1986 edition of Amsterdam Marathon, clocking 2:14:46 on 11 May 1986. He had finished second the year before. He finished in 16th place at the 1990 European Championships in Split.  He represented his national team at the 1981, 1986, 1987 and 1989 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.

1986 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 1986 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Colombier, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, at the Planeyse Colombier on March 23, 1986.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald and in the Evening Times.

Complete results, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.
Aromatic alcohol
In organic chemistry, the aromatic alcohols or aryl-alcohols are a class of chemical compounds containing a hydroxyl group (−OH) bonded indirectly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group, in contrast to the phenols, where the hydroxyl group is bonded directly to an aromatic carbon atom.

Aromatic alcohols are produced by the yeast Candida albicans. They are also found in beer. These molecules are quorum sensing compounds for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Yevhen Deidei
Yevhen Serhiyovych Deidei (Ukrainian: Євген Сергійович Дейдей; 12 July 1987) is a Ukrainian politician and lieutenant colonel who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Previously, he served as  coordinator of the Kyiv-1 Police Battalion of the Special Tasks Patrol Police under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

In 2012, he was sentenced to five years in prison for robbery but was later released from the punishment.

Deidei's current whereabouts are unknown. Initial reports indicated that he was killed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, but other sources have subsequently claimed that he clandestinely left the country via smuggling routes.

National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
The National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Націона́льне антикорупці́йне бюро́ Украї́ни, abbr.  НАБУ, romanized: Natsionalne antykoruptsiine biuro Ukrainy, abbr. NABU) is a Ukrainian law enforcement anti-corruption agency that investigates corruption in Ukraine and prepares cases for prosecution. It has investigatory powers, but cannot indict suspects. Only agency findings passed to the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office become a part of criminal cases.

The agency is set to employ 700 people. Its first 70 detectives started work on 1 October 2015.

The agency's government funding is mandated under American and European Union aid programs. It has an evidence-sharing agreement with the FBI.

The Ukrainian government also employs the National Agency on Corruption Prevention which works to prevent corruption by monitoring government officials' lifestyles.
Tiff, Missouri
Tiff is an unincorporated community in eastern Washington County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately eight miles northeast of Potosi. The community was named for the barite ore found here, also known as "tiff". The community was founded as a company town in the early 1900s by John Cambel to house miners for his South East Missouri Barytes Company. A post office called Tiff has been in operation since 1905.

Baryte
Baryte or barite (/ˈbæraɪt, ˈbɛər-/ BARR-eyet, BAIR-), also called barytes (/bəˈraɪtiːz/ bə-RY-teez), is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.
HD 4778
HD 4778, also known as HR 234 and GO Andromedae, is a variable star in the constellation Andromeda. Its magnitude varies by 0.04 magnitudes from the median of 6.12 with a period of approximately 2.55 days. The star is located 350 light years away, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 9.32 mas.

This is an Ap star with a stellar classification of A3VpSiSrCrEuKsn, showing chemical peculiarities in its spectrum from strontium, chromium, and europium. It is an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable with a magnetic field that varies across the range +1,400 to −1,100 G. This rotation-modulated variability allows direct determination of the rotation rate of 2.5616 days.

HD 4778 has 2.24 times the mass of the Sun and 2.36 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 35 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,375 K. It is about 77 million years old.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.