hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presian Ridge
Presian Ridge (Presiyanov Rid \pre-si-'ya-nov 'rid\) is a ridge of elevation 1456 m extending 950 m in east-weat direction in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated between the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) to the west and Catalunyan Saddle to the east.  Surmounting Wörner Gap, Camp Academia locality and upper Huron Glacier to the north, and Macy Glacier to the south.

First ascent by the Catalans Francesc Sàbat and Jorge Enrique from Juan Carlos I Base on 30 December 1991.

The ridge is named after Khan Presian of Bulgaria, 836-852 AD, who brought the Bulgarian lands in Macedonia together with those in Thrace, Moesia, Panonia, Dacia and Scythia.

Huron Glacier
Huron Glacier is a 4.8 nautical miles (8.9 km; 5.5 mi)} long and 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) wide glacial flow on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, situated east of Perunika Glacier, southeast of Kaliakra Glacier, south of Struma Glacier, west-northwest of Iskar Glacier and northeast of Huntress Glacier. It is bounded by Bowles Ridge to the north, Wörner Gap to the west and the Tangra Mountains to the south, receiving ice influx from several tributary glaciers draining the mountain's northern slopes between Mount Friesland and Helmet Peak, and running east-northeastwards to empty into Moon Bay north of Yana Point. Camp Academia is situated on upper Huron Glacier, in the northwestern foothills of Zograf Peak.

The glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 after the American ship Huron (Captain John Davis) of New Haven, Connecticut, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21 and 1821–22.
Vidyasagar railway station
Vidyasagar railway station (station code: VDS) is a railway station on the Howrah–Delhi main line in Jamtara district, Jharkhand. It comes under the Asansol railway division of the Eastern Railway zone. The station was earlier known as Karmatanr and was renamed in honour of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the social reformer and educator who spent many years of his life in this area. The station serves the Karmatar village and its nearby rural areas. The station is also included under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme for modernization and infrastructure upgrades.

Jamtara district
Jamtara district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Jamtara town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is situated between 23°10′ and 24°05′ north latitudes and 86°30′ and 87°15′ east longitudes.
Michael Sondes
Sir Michael Sondes (died 10 November 1617) of Throwley, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was born the second son of Anthony Sondes (died 1575) of Throwley, Kent, succeeded his elder brother in 1593 and was knighted in 1598.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Kent by 1579 and for Surrey by 1601. He was appointed High sheriff of Kent for 1584–85 and 1593–94.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Maidstone in 1584 and for Queenborough in 1586, 1589, 1597, 1601 and 1604.

He married twice:firstly Mary, the daughter and heiress of George Finch of Norton, with whom he had at least 2 sons and 6 daughters and secondly Ann, the widow of Reginald Parker of Chatham.

Throwley
Throwley is an English village south of Faversham in the Borough of Swale in Kent. The name is recorded in the Domesday Book as Trevelai, which corresponds with a Brittonic origin, where "trev" means a settlement or farm house and "elai" typically relates to a fast moving river or stream (cf. Trelai (showing the loss of terminal "f") in Cardiff). In 2011 the parish had a population of 300.
Vinarc i Poshtëm
Vinarc i Poshtëm (in Albanian) or Donje Vinarce (in Serbian: Доње Винарце) is a village in the municipality of Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, it has 882 inhabitants.

District of Mitrovica
Mitrovica District (Albanian: Rajoni i Mitrovicës; Serbian Cyrillic: Косовскомитровачки округ) is one of the seven districts of Kosovo. Its administrative center and largest city is Mitrovica. The district borders on the District of Peja to the south-west, the District of Pristina to the south and east, and Serbia to the north and northwest.
Mustafa A. G. Abushagur
Mustafa A. G. Abushagur (مصطفى ابوشاقور غيت ابوشاقور; born 15 February 1951) is a Libyan politician, professor of electrical engineering, university president and entrepreneur. He served as interim Deputy Prime Minister of Libya from 22 November 2011 to 14 November 2012 in Abdurrahim El-Keib's cabinet and was briefly elected to succeed El-Keib as prime minister in 2012, before failing to receive congressional approval for his cabinet nominees and being removed from office.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
Language and Speech
Language And Speech is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of linguistics, experimental psychology, audiology and speech-language pathology. The journal's editors are Cynthia Clopper (Ohio State University) and Holger Mitterer (University of Malta). It has been in publication since 1958. It was first published by Kingston Press Services, and SAGE Publications has been the publisher since 2008.

University of Malta
The University of Malta (Maltese: L-Università ta' Malta; UM; formerly UOM) is a public research university in the towns of Msida and Valletta, Malta. It serves as the flagship and national university of the Republic of Malta.

It offers undergraduate bachelor's degrees, postgraduate master's degrees and postgraduate doctorates. It is a member of the European University Association, the European Access Network, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Utrecht Network, the Santander Network, the Compostela Group, the European Association for University Lifelong Learning (EUCEN) and the International Student Exchange Programme (ISEP).

In post-nominals the university's name is abbreviated as Melit; a shortened form of Melita (a Latinised form of the Greek Μελίτη).
Orrin Harold Griggs
Orrin Harold Griggs (September 23, 1883 – July 4, 1958) was an American lawyer and politician.

Griggs was born in Barclay, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. He moved to Virginia, Minnesota in 1893 and then moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1918. Griggs then moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California in 1924. Griggs received his law degree from University of Minnesota Law School in 1904 and was admitted to the Minnesota bar. He had lived in Virginia, Minnesota with his wife and family and practiced law in Virginia, Minnesota. He helped with the development of the Iron Ridge in Minnesota. Griggs served in the Minnesota Senate from 1915 to 1918. He then served in the American Red Cross during World War I. Griggs died in Hollywood, Los Angeles in Los Angeles.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Bernard B. Fall
Bernard B. Fall (November 19, 1926 – February 21, 1967) was a war correspondent, political scientist, and historian whose reporting focused on Indochina during the 1950s and 1960s. Born in Austria, he moved with his family to France as a child after the Anschluss. He started fighting for the French Resistance at the age of 16 and later for the French Army during World War II.

In 1951, he first came to the United States for graduate studies at Syracuse University, returning and making his residence there. He taught at Howard University for most of his career and made regular trips to Southeast Asia to learn about changes and their societies. He predicted the failures of France and the United States in their wars in Vietnam because of their tactics and lack of understanding of the societies. He was killed by a landmine in South Vietnam while he was accompanying US Marines on a patrol in 1967.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Shooting at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – P1 Men's 10 metre air pistol SH1
The Men's P1 10 metre air pistol SH1 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 31 August at the National Shooting Centre in Châteauroux.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round.

Châteauroux
Châteauroux (/ˌʃætoʊˈruː/ SHAT-oh-ROO; French pronunciation: [ʃɑtoʁu] ⓘ; Occitan: Chasteurós) is the capital city of the French department of Indre, central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges. Its residents are called Castelroussins (pronounced [kastɛlʁusɛ̃]) in French.
Hippobosca longipennis
Hippobosca longipennis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), the dog fly, louse fly, or blind fly, is a blood-feeding parasite mostly infesting carnivores. The species name "longipennis" means "long wings". Its bites can be painful and result in skin irritation, it is an intermediate host for the canine and hyaenid filarial parasite Dipetalonema dracunculoides, "and it may also be a biological or mechanical vector for other pathogens".

The species feeds on a variety of animals and have been known to bite people. During its lifetime, a female lays 10 to 15 larvae on a host. It has arrived in a few countries on zoo animals that were being transported from Africa. Studies have been completed on the flies. Some specimens have been found on ancient dog corpses in Greece and Egypt.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Rob Harmeling
Rob Harmeling (born 4 December 1964) is a retired Dutch professional road bicycle racer. Harmeling rode the Tour de France three times: in 1991 he was the lanterne rouge, in 1992 he won a stage, and in 1994 he was disqualified for hanging onto the team car. As amateur, Harmeling competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics and finished in 38th place. He won the world title in team time trial at the 1986 UCI Road World Championships.

In 2023 Harmeling joined the new Dutch continental tour team Tour de Tietema-Unibet as directeur sportif.

1991 Tour de France
The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 6 to 28 July. The total race distance was 22 stages over 3,914 km (2,432 mi). The race was won by Miguel Induráin, whose Banesto team also won the team classification. The points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, although he almost crashed out in the final stage. The mountains classification was won by Claudio Chiappucci, and the young rider classification by Álvaro Mejía.
Noël Godin
Noël Godin (born 13 September 1945) is a Belgian writer, critic, actor and notorious pie thrower or entarteur. Godin gained global attention in 1998 when his group ambushed Microsoft CEO Bill Gates in Brussels, pelting the software magnate with pies. After bombarding Gates, Godin allegedly said, "My work here is done." He has been described as "the French-speaking world's best-known prankster."

Bernard-Henri Lévy
Bernard-Henri Georges Lévy (/leɪˈviː/; French: [bɛʁnaʁ ɑ̃ʁi ʒɔʁʒ levi]; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. His opinions, political activism, and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years.
Dakileh
Dakileh (Arabic: دكيلة)  is a Syrian village located in Uqayribat Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dakileh had a population of 561 in the 2004 census.

Uqayribat Subdistrict
Uqayribat Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية عقيربات)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Salamiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Uqayribat Subdistrict had a population of 21,004 in the 2004 census.
Frances Barkman
Frances Barkman (March 1885 - 28 September 1946) was a Jewish Australian schoolteacher and community worker. Born in Kiev, in the Russian Empire, she emigrated to Australia in 1891, with her parents, who were fleeing the pogroms.  She was raised in Melbourne, and became a French language teacher at the Melbourne Continuation School, and later the MacRobertson Girls High School.  Outside of teaching, she was active in charity work with the Victorian branch of the Australian Jewish Welfare Society.  During World War II, she played a vital role in providing assistance to Jewish refugees arriving in Melbourne, particularly children. She led efforts to establish a children's home for orphans and unaccompanied refugee children, which was renamed the Frances Barkman Home after her death.

Pogroms in the Russian Empire
Pogroms in the Russian Empire (Russian: Еврейские погромы в Российской империи, romanized: Evreyskie pogromy v Rossiyskoy imperii) were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish riots that began in the 19th century. Pogroms began to occur after Imperial Russia, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire from 1772 to 1815. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live. The Pale of Settlement primarily included the territories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Bessarabia (modern Moldova), Lithuania and Crimea. Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of European Russia (including Finland), unless they converted from Judaism or obtained a university diploma or first guild merchant status. Migration to the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East or Central Asia was not restricted.
Sri Lankan IDP numbers, August and September 2009
Numbers of Sri Lankan internally displaced persons displaced from the Vanni region since October 2008 and detained by the Sri Lankan Military at various camps in northern and eastern Sri Lanka during August and September 2009:

1. Andiyapuliyankulam School camp was closed in early September 2009 and IDPs moved to Menik Farm Zone 6.

2. Ariviththodam Sivanantha Vidyalayam camp was closed in early September 2009 and IDPs moved to Menik Farm Zone 6.

3. Cheddikulam Maha Vidyalayam camp was closed in early September 2009 and IDPs moved to Menik Farm Zone 6.

4. Sooduventhapualvu Muslim School camp was closed in early September 2009 and IDPs moved to Menik Farm Zone 6.

5. Nelukkulam Kalaimahal Maha Vidyalayam camp was closed in early September 2009 and IDPs moved to Menik Farm Zone 6.

Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
The Eastern Province (Sinhala: නැගෙනහිර පළාත Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta, Tamil: கிழக்கு மாகாணம் Kiḻakku Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province. The capital of the province is Trincomalee. Kalmunai is the largest and most populous city of Eastern Province.
John Scott Williams
Wing Commander John Scott Williams MC AFC (1893–1944) was a Canadian military officer and aviator. In 1921, he organized the Royal Canadian Air Force. Williams was born at Goldenville, Nova Scotia, in 1893. Williams died in a hospital in Montreal on 1 January 1944, age 51, after a lengthy illness.

Goldenville
Goldenville is a small community located near to Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia in the Municipality of the District of St. Mary's.  The community is mainly a forestry community but also has a gold mining museum.
Mingrelian grammar
Mingrelian is a Kartvelian language from the Caucasus. Like other languages in the area, it contains a large number of grammatical cases and shows ergative alignment. Mingrelian is mostly agglutinative in terms of morphological inflection, although it has no grammatical gender or noun classes, unlike neighbouring Caucasian languages from the Nakh-Dagestanian family. Mingrelian verbs index numerous tense-aspect-moods, with traces of evidentiality indexation.

Mingrelian has two dialects: Zugdidi-Samurzakano (northwestern) and Senaki-Martvili (southeastern).

Svan language
Svan (ლუშნუ ნინ lušnu nin; Georgian: სვანური ენა, romanized: svanuri ena) is a Kartvelian language spoken in the western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Svan people. With its speakers variously estimated to be between 30,000 and 80,000, the UNESCO designates Svan as a "definitely endangered language". It is of particular interest because it has retained many features that have been lost in the other Kartvelian languages.
St Martin-in-the-Fields (painting)
St Martin-in-the-Fields is an oil on canvas painting by William Logsdail, from 1888. It depicts a child street vendor outside the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields in Trafalgar Square, London. It is in the collection of Tate Britain.

An engraving from the painting was published in The Graphic, in 1894.

St Martin-in-the-Fields
St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Dedicated in honour of Saint Martin of Tours, there has been a church on the site since at least the medieval period. This location, at that time, was farmlands and fields beyond the London wall.

St Martin's became a principal parish church west of the old City in the early modern period as Westminster's population grew. When its medieval and Jacobean structure was found to be near failure, the present building was constructed in an influential neoclassical design by James Gibbs in 1722–1726. The church is one of the visual anchors adding to the open-urban space around Trafalgar Square.
Commander of the Israeli Air Force
The Commander of the Israeli Air Force (Hebrew: מפקד חיל האוויר) is the head and highest-ranking officer of the Israeli Air Force, and is responsible for overall operations of the air force. The current Commander is Tomer Bar.

Tomer Bar
Tomer Bar (Hebrew: תומר בר‎; born 1969) is an Israeli general currently commanding the Israeli Air Force. Before his selection to succeed Amikam Norkin as commander of the IAF, Bar served as head of the IDF Force Design Directorate, a reorganized version of what was once the Planning Directorate.
Iron Rail Book Collective
The Iron Rail Book Collective ran a volunteer-run radical library and anarchist bookstore in New Orleans, Louisiana. The infoshop's main focus was a lending library featuring a wide selection of books on topics including anarchism and socialism, fiction, gardening and philosophy. The Iron Rail also sold records, zines, local CDs and some miscellany. Events held at the Iron Rail included workshops and art presentations. The Iron Rail also contained the Above Ground Zine Library with a selection of thousands of zines, some very rare. As of September 2017, their personal site and Facebook page have not been updated in since 2015 and 2016 respectively.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
378th Rifle Division
The 378th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army that began forming in August 1941 in the Siberian Military District, before being sent to the vicinity of Leningrad, where it spent most of the war. The soldiers of this division fought until early 1944 to break the siege and drive off the besieging German forces, distinguishing themselves in the liberation of Novgorod. Finally, the division was redeployed to advance into the Baltic states in 1944 and into East Prussia in the winter of 1945. As the war was ending the 378th was disbanded to provide replacements for other divisions. Nevertheless, it had compiled a very creditable combat record for any rifle division.

Leningrad Front
The Leningrad Front (Russian: Ленинградский фронт) was a Soviet front (army group) formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941.
2022–23 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Kentucky in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Wildcats, founding members of the Southeastern Conference, played their home games at Rupp Arena and were led by John Calipari in his 14th season as head coach. They finished the season 21–10, 12–6 in SEC play to finish in third place. As the No. 3 seed in the SEC tournament, they were upset in the quarterfinal round by Vanderbilt. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament, where they defeated Providence in the first round before falling to Kansas State in the second round to finish the season with a final record of 22–12.

2023 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, from March 8 to 12, 2023.
Jade Wilson
Jade Wilson (1977 – 14 May 1998) was a New Zealand squash player representing the national team mainly in junior-level competitions. Jade Wilson is still remembered as one of the greatest ever junior squash players to have emerged from New Zealand and to have represented the country at junior level along with Stuart Davenport, Susan Devoy and Glen Wilson. She won the 1995 World Junior Squash Championships individual event in Sydney, which was her highest career performance. With this triumph, she also became the first ever New Zealander to win a Junior Squash Championship singles title. On 14 May 1998, she committed suicide in Perth after becoming an international professional player.

In 2013, Squash New Zealand recognised Wilson's achievements and inducted her into the New Zealand Squash Hall of Fame, 15 years after her death.

World Squash Junior Championships
The World Squash Junior Championships is the junior world championship of squash conducted by World Squash. Players aged under 19 can participate. The event used to be hosted biennially but has been held annually since 2009.