hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cape Yakan
Cape Yakan (Russian: Мыс Якан – Mys Yakan) is a headland on the northern coast of Chukotka, Russian Federation. This conspicuous cape, whose name in the Chukchi language means "use", was mentioned by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld in his Vega Expedition.

Vega Expedition
The Vega Expedition (Swedish: Vegaexpeditionen) of 1878–1880, named after the SS Vega and under the leadership of Finland-Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, was the first Arctic expedition to navigate through the Northeast Passage, the sea route between Europe and Asia through the Arctic Ocean, and the first voyage to circumnavigate Eurasia.  Initially a troubled enterprise, the successful expedition is considered to be among the highest achievements in the history of Swedish science.
Fortunato Navarro
Fortunato Navarro Herrera (5 April 1872 – 11 July 1947) was a Chilean merchant, farmer and politician. A member of the Agrarian Party, he served as a deputy representing the 21st Departmental Grouping during the 1933–1937 legislative period.

Nueva Imperial
Nueva Imperial (New Imperial, in English) is a city and commune in the south of Chile. It is located in Cautín Province in the Araucanía Region. Nueva Imperial lies about 35 km (22 mi) to the west of Temuco, the regional capital.
Pamaniyar River
The Pamaniyar or Pamani River is a non-perennial river in the Tiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The river is part of the Kaveri delta, and is in the southern part of that system. The Pamaniyar originates as a distributary of the Vennaaru River, which it branches off from at a dam northwest of Needamangalam in Needamangalam taluk. It flows south from this point into Mannargudi taluk, passing to the east of Mannargudi and Asesham. It continues to flow south, where its course is parallel to State Highway 202 for some distance. After it is joined on its right bank by the Kannanar River, its largest tributary, it flows southeast into Thiruthiraipoondi taluk. It then passes to the west of Muthupet before emptying into Muthupet Lagoon.

Distributary
A distributary, or a distributary channel is a stream channel that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. It is the opposite of a tributary, a stream that flows towards and into another stream or river. Distributaries are a result of river bifurcation and are often found where a river approaches a lake or an ocean and divides into distributary networks; as such they are a common feature of river deltas. They can also occur inland, on alluvial fans, or where a tributary stream bifurcates as it nears its confluence with a larger stream. In some cases, a minor distributary can divert so much water from the main channel that it can later become the main route.
Miss USA 1971
Miss USA 1971 was the 20th Miss USA pageant, televised live by CBS hosted by Bob Barker from the Jackie Gleason Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida on May 22, 1971.

The pageant was won by Michele McDonald of Pennsylvania, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Deborah Shelton of Virginia.  McDonald was the first – and to date only – woman from Pennsylvania to win the Miss USA title, and went on to place as a semi-finalist at Miss Universe 1971.

For the 1971 pageant, the number of semi-finalists called was reduced from 15 to 12.  It would remain at this number until 1984, when it was cut again to 10.

Miami Beach Convention Center
The Miami Beach Convention Center (originally the Miami Beach Exhibition Hall) is a convention center located in Miami Beach, Florida. Originally opened in 1958, the venue was renovated from 2015 to 2020 for $640 million. The re-imagined and enhanced MBCC includes a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) Grand Ballroom (the largest in South Florida), four junior ballrooms, 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of flexible exhibition space, 84 meeting rooms, and pre-function space, as well as outdoor spaces and terraces.
Ron Arias
Ronald Francis Arias (born November 30, 1941) is an American former senior writer and correspondent for People magazine and People en Español. He is also a highly regarded author whose novel The Road to Tamazunchale has been recognized as a milestone in Mexican-American literature.

About Arias' fiction anthology, The Wetback and Other Stories (2016), author Paul Theroux writes, "I felt reading these wonderful stories that I was admitted to an adjacent neighborhood, a rich culture that is another world—call it Amexica—both mysterious and magical, that is persuasive through its tenderness. My hope is that Ron Arias continues to write short stories that tell us who we are."

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).
Herndon Monument
The Herndon Monument on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Academy is a 21-foot-tall (6.4 m) grey granite obelisk. It was erected in memory of Captain William Lewis Herndon, who died during the sinking of his ship, SS Central America, on September 12, 1857 while helping to evacuate passengers and crew. All women and children and many of the men aboard were saved by a nearby ship during the storm.

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.
George Peter Foster
George Peter Foster (April 3, 1858 – November 11, 1928) was a U.S. representative from Illinois.

Born in Dover, New Jersey, Foster moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1867. He attended the public schools and the University of Chicago. He was graduated from Union College of Law at Chicago in 1882. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Chicago. He was in the Justice of the Peace for the town of South Chicago 1891–1899. He was acting police magistrate of the principal police court of the city 1893–1899.

Foster was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1905). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904. He resumed the practice of law. He served as assistant corporation counsel of Chicago from 1912 to 1922. He retired from active pursuits in 1928 and moved to Wheaton, Illinois, where he died November 11, 1928. He was interred in Calvary Cemetery in Chicago.

58th United States Congress
The 58th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC, from March 4, 1903, to March 4, 1905, during the third and fourth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Chocolate salo
Salo in chocolate is a Ukrainian dish, created as a joke or experiment and produced since the late 1990s.

The recipe is thought to have originated in an ethnic joke about the Ukrainians' cult-like attitude towards salo, similar to the Italians' attitude towards spaghetti.

In the late 1990s, Odesa Confectionery Factory started production of candies Salo v Shokoladi. The chocolate candies were invented as an April Fool's Day joke. They were not actually salo; they contain a regular caramel filling with a small amount of rendered fat added as a salty flavouring. Since then, the dish is available in shops and restaurants in various Ukrainian cities.

"Chocolate salo" is one of popular desserts in the restaurant of the Museum of Salo in Lviv.

A BBC reporter called it "one of the unhealthiest snacks in the world".

Caramel
Caramel (/ˈkærəˌmɛl/, /ˈkærəməl/ or (US) /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a range of food ingredients made by heating sugars to high temperatures. It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, as a topping for ice cream and custard, and as a colorant commonly used in drinks.

The process of caramelization primarily consists of heating sugars slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic colour and flavour.

A variety of sweets, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with caramel, including tres leches cake, brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams are sometimes flavored with or contain swirls of caramel.
2011 Samarkand Challenger – Doubles
Andis Juška and Deniss Pavlovs were the defending champions; however, they both chose not to participate this year.

Michail Elgin and Alexandre Kudryavtsev won this tournament. They defeated Radu Albot and Andrey Kuznetsov 7–6(7–4), 2–6, [10–7] in the final.

Andis Juška
Andis Juška (born 22 May 1985) is a Latvian tennis coach and former player.
Juška's career-high singles ranking was world No. 226, achieved in October 2009. For several years, he was the second-highest ATP-ranked Latvian tennis player.

He is currently the coach of American player Amanda Anisimova, and former coach of Ukrainian player Elina Svitolina. In addition, Andis has worked with Latvian tennis player Jeļena Ostapenko.

In addition to coaching individual players, in 2008, Juska was the captain of Latvian team for Billie Jean King Cup.
Ralph T. Browning
Brigadier General Ralph Thomas "Tom" Browning (25 October 1941 – 7 July 2018) was a United States Air Force command pilot and a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. He commanded two air divisions during his career, and was commander of the 58th Fighter Wing, Luke Air Force Base, Arizona. After retirement from the USAF, he became CEO of Greater Phoenix Leadership, Inc. in Phoenix, Arizona, a business organization supporting community improvement efforts in the areas of transportation, education and economic development.

Joint Forces Staff College
The Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC), located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981.  It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level. Military operations increasingly require the Armed Services to work jointly, and JFSC provides students the tools to operate in a joint environment. JFSC is composed of three schools, each with different student populations and purposes.
Hannes Hegen
Hannes Hegen (real name Johannes Eduard Hegenbarth; 16 May 1925 – 8 November 2014) was a German illustrator and caricaturist and is most famous for creating the East German comic book Mosaik and its original protagonists, the Digedags.

Der Freitag
Der Freitag (literally The Friday, stylized der Freitag) is a German weekly national newspaper, established in 1990 and published in Berlin. It focuses on politics, culture and the economy, and is published in Rhenish format. The newspaper's publisher is Jakob Augstein, who was also editor from 2013 to 2022. Augstein and other family members control 24% of German news magazine Der Spiegel. The newspaper has won several awards, such as European Newspaper of the Year and World's Best Designed Newspaper.
GDF10
Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 3B (BMP-3B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF10 gene.

GDF10 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is closely related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3). It plays a role in head formation and may have multiple roles in skeletal morphogenesis. GDF10 is also known as BMP-3b, with GDF10 and BMP3 regarded as a separate subgroup within the TGF-beta superfamily.

In mice, GDF10 mRNA is abundant in the brain, inner ear, uterus, prostate, neural tissues, blood vessels and adipose tissue with low expression in spleen and liver. It is also present in bone of both adults and neonatal mice. Human GDF10 mRNA is found in the cochlea and lung of foetuses, and in testis, retina, pineal gland, and other neural tissues of adults.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
2017 Champions Trophy (real tennis)
The 2017 Champions Trophy was the inaugural edition of the Champions Trophy. It was held at the Royal Tennis Court from 11 to 16 July. It was a qualifying event for the 2018 Real Tennis World Championship.

The tournament was won by incumbent World Champion Camden Riviere. Riviere would go on to win the 2018 edition as well. In the final, he beat Ben Taylor-Matthews, his first of four finals appearances. The two also met in the first round, with Riviere also the victor.

Ben Taylor-Matthews
Ben Taylor-Matthews (born 27 July 1984) is a professional British Real Tennis player based at Bristol Real Tennis Club. His career high ranking is world number 4, and his current ranking is 5. To date, he is yet to win a major singles title but has contested two Australian Open finals, as well as an IRTPA Championships final, plus four Champions Trophy finals. He unsuccessfully challenged for the World Championship on three occasions, most recently in 2023. He is due to challenge again for the World Championship in 2025.
Al-Malihah
Al-Malihah (Arabic: المليحة, also spelled al-Mleha or Al Mulayhah) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located on the eastern outskirts of Damascus to the west of Jaramana, in the Ghouta area. Nearby localities include 'Aqraba, Deir al-Asafir, Zabdin, Kafr Batna and Babbila. According to the Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Malihah had a population of 23,034 as of the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative centre of the al-Malihah nahiyah, which is composed of eight towns and villages having a combined population of 56,652. Malihah is considered strategic due to its proximity to the main road between Damascus and its airport.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Polish alphabet
The Polish alphabet (Polish: alfabet polski, abecadło) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics: the stroke (acute accent or bar) – kreska: ⟨ć, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź⟩; the overdot – kropka: ⟨ż⟩; and the tail or ogonek – ⟨ą, ę⟩. The letters ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, and ⟨x⟩, which are used only in foreign words, are usually absent from the Polish alphabet. Additionally, before the standardization of Polish spelling, ⟨qu⟩ was sometimes used in place of ⟨kw⟩, and ⟨x⟩ in place of ⟨ks⟩.

Modified variations of the Polish alphabet are used for writing Silesian and Kashubian, whereas the Sorbian languages use a mixture of Polish and Czech orthography.

Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot primarily refers to the glyphs "combining dot above" (◌̇),  and "combining dot below" (◌̣)
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in 
a variety of languages. Similar marks are used with other scripts.
2013–14 MVV Maastricht season
The 2013–14 season was the 14th year of continuous activity of the Maastricht association football club MVV Maastricht in the Jupiler League. MVV Maastricht regularly played its home games on Friday evenings at 8:00 PM.

MVV Maastricht
Maatschappelijke Voetbal Vereniging Maastricht (Dutch pronunciation: [maːtˈsxɑpələkə ˈvudbɑl vəˌreːnəɣɪŋ maːˈstrɪxt]), commonly known as MVV Maastricht ([ˌɛɱveːˈveː maːˈstrɪxt], Limburgish: [ˌæɱ˦veːˈveː məˈstʀeːx]) or simply as MVV, is a Dutch professional football club from the city of Maastricht. Founded on 2 April 1902, MVV Maastricht currently competes in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football.

Because their crest is based on the city's coat of arms, an armed angel holding a red shield with a white star, they are nicknamed de Sterrendragers ("Wearers of Stars") and, in local dialect, Us MVV'ke ("our little MVV", pronounced [ˈʏz ˌæɱveːˈveːkə]). The club's name was formerly Maastrichtse Voetbal Vereniging until 2011, when it was officially changed to include the city name after "MVV."
Listed buildings in Shottle and Postern
Shottle and Postern is a civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages of Cowers Lane, Shottle and Shottlegate, but is otherwise rural, and the listed buildings consist of four farmhouses and two mileposts.

Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire, England, taking its name from the River Amber. Its council is based in Ripley. The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby. The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance the headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery.

The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope.

The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice.
The Battle of Denain
The Battle of Denain (French: La Bataille de Denain) is an 1839 history painting by the French artist Jean Alaux. It depicts the Battle of Denain, fought on 24 July 1712, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
After the British Army had withdrawn from the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV, the French were able to go on the offensive and win a victory over Prince Eugene of Savoy at Denain in Northern France. This ended a run of defeats they had suffered against the Allies. Their commander Marshal Villars is shown leading his men forward.

The large painting was commissioned by Louis Philippe I for the Galerie des Batailles of the new Musée de l'Histoire de France at the Palace of Versailles. During the July Monarchy a large number of battle scenes were produced commemorating military victories from French history. Alaux received 12,000 Francs for this picture, which was exhibited at the Salon of 1839 in Paris.

Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another. Artwork may be commissioned by private individuals, by the government, or businesses. Commissions often resemble endorsement or sponsorship.

In classical music, ensembles often commission pieces from composers, where the ensemble secures the composer's payment from private or public organizations or donors.
History of Providence, Rhode Island
The Rhode Island city of Providence has a nearly 400-year history integral to that of the United States, including significance in the American Revolutionary War by providing leadership and fighting strength, quartering troops, and supplying goods to residents by circumventing the blockade of Newport. The city is also noted for the first bloodshed of the American Revolution in the Gaspée Affair. Additionally, Providence is notable for economic shifts, moving from trading to manufacturing. The decline of manufacturing devastated the city during the Great Depression, but the city eventually attained economic recovery through investment of public funds.

Market House (Providence, Rhode Island)
The Market House is a historic three-story brick market house in Market Square, in the College Hill, a neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island, USA. The building was constructed between 1773 and 1775 and designed by prominent local architects, Joseph Brown and Declaration of Independence signer Stephen Hopkins. The bottom floor of the house was used as a market, and the upper level was used for holding meetings. Similar buildings existed in other American cities, such as Faneuil Hall in Boston and the Old Brick Market in Newport. The building housed the Providence City Council in the decades before the completion of City Hall.
Andrey Sklyarenko
Andrey Sklyarenko (born 10 January 1976) is a retired Kazakhstani hurdler who specialized in the 110 metres hurdles.

As a junior he won the silver medal at the 1994 Asian Junior Championships and competed at the 1994 World Junior Championships without reaching the final. Sklyarenko won the 1995, 1997 and 1999 Central Asian Games, won the bronze medal at the 1998 Asian Championships and the silver medal at the 1998 Asian Games. He competed at the 1997 and 2001 World Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best time was 13.78 seconds, achieved in June 1998 in Istanbul. He had 7.87 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles, achieved in February 1999 in Moscow.

2001 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
These are the official results of the Men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 2001 IAAF World Championships in Edmonton, Canada. There were a total number of 41 participating athletes, with seven qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on Thursday August 9, 2001 at 21:15h.