hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Complex dynamics
Complex dynamics, or holomorphic dynamics, is the study of dynamical systems obtained by iterating a complex analytic mapping. This article focuses on the case of algebraic dynamics, where a polynomial or rational function is iterated. In geometric terms, that amounts to iterating a mapping from some algebraic variety to itself. The related theory of arithmetic dynamics studies iteration over the rational numbers or the p-adic numbers instead of the complex numbers.

Rational function
In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers; they may be taken in any field K. In this case, one speaks of a rational function and a rational fraction over K. The values of the variables may be taken in any field L containing K. Then the domain of the function is the set of the values of the variables for which the denominator is not zero, and the codomain is L.

The set of rational functions over a field K is a field, the field of fractions of the ring of the polynomial functions over K.
Ancien séminaire Saint-Sulpice
The ancien séminaire Saint-Sulpice is a building in Paris, France. It is listed as a monument historique, located on Place Saint-Sulpice in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was constructed from 1820 to 1838 for the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, which occupied it until 1906. Since 1922 it has been used by the French Ministry of Finance.

Place Saint-Sulpice
The Place Saint-Sulpice is a large public square, dominated on its eastern side by the Church of Saint-Sulpice. It was built in 1754 as a tranquil garden in the Latin Quarter of the 6th arrondissement of Paris.
Gmina Mełgiew
Gmina Mełgiew is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Mełgiew, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Świdnik and 16 km (10 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 95.64 square kilometres (36.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,352 (9,448 in 2015).

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Kaja Kallas's first cabinet
Kaja Kallas's first cabinet was the Cabinet of Estonia between 26 January 2021 and 14 July 2022. It was a grand coalition cabinet of the Reform Party and the Centre Party until 3 June 2022 when Kallas dismissed Centre Party ministers from government after several weeks of disputes between the two parties.

Estonian Centre Party
The Estonian Centre Party (Estonian: Eesti Keskerakond, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia, and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart.
The party was founded on 12 October 1991 from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it. At that time, the party was called the People's Centre Party (Rahvakeskerakond) to differentiate from the smaller centre-right Rural Centre Party (Maa-Keskerakond). The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 14 September 2024.
Busaw
Busaw is a legendary creature that resembles humans in appearance and behavior, raising farm animals and planting root crops. However, its favorite food is humans, resulting in scattered human skeletons on the grounds of its dwelling place.

The Busaw was a ghoul and corpse thief. An evil spirit who looked and behaved like ordinary human beings by day, it listened for sounds of death in the evenings, and dwelled in large trees near cemeteries. It had pointed teeth, hooked nails and a long tongue. It took banana tree trunks to replace the dead as it stole the corpses out of their coffins. Then, spiriting the corpse off after first turning it into a pig, the Busaw would feast on it and even try to feed it to their human neighbors during the day in order to turn them into ghouls like itself. To ward the Busaw off, all corpses should be washed completely with vinegar and strong-smelling herbs. Salt is also a Busaw repellent.

Ghoul
In folklore, a ghoul (from Arabic: غول, ghūl) is a demon-like being or monstrous humanoid, often associated with graveyards and the consumption of human flesh. The concept of the ghoul originated in pre-Islamic Arabian religion. Modern fiction often uses the term to label a specific kind of monster.

By extension, the word "ghoul" is also used in a derogatory sense to refer to a person who delights in the macabre or whose occupation directly involves death, such as a gravedigger or graverobber.
2025 CONCACAF Nations League final
The 2025 CONCACAF Nations League final was a soccer match to determine the winner of the 2024–25 CONCACAF Nations League. The match was the fourth final of the CONCACAF Nations League, an international tournament contested by the men's national teams representing the member associations of CONCACAF, which covers North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

CONCACAF Nations League
The CONCACAF Nations League (Spanish: Liga de Naciones de la CONCACAF, French: Ligue des Nations de la CONCACAF) is an association football competition organized by CONCACAF as its secondary continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament takes place on dates allocated for international friendlies on the FIFA International Match Calendar. A one-time qualifying tournament took place from September 2018 to March 2019, with its inaugural edition in 2019.
Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid
Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH3O)2PS2H.  It is the processor for production of the organothiophosphate insecticide Malathion. Although samples can appear dark, the compound is a colorless, distillable liquid.

It is prepared by treating phosphorus pentasulfide with methanol:

P2S5  +  4 CH3OH    →  2 (CH3O)2PS2H  +  H2S

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
Kim Jihn-eui
Kim Jihn-eui (Korean: 김진의; born July 30, 1946) is a South Korean theoretical physicist. His research interests concentrate on particle physics and cosmology and has many contributions to the field, most notably the suggestion of the invisible axion.

Axino
The axino is a hypothetical elementary particle predicted by some theories of particle physics.  Peccei–Quinn theory attempts to explain the observed phenomenon known as the strong CP problem by introducing a hypothetical real scalar particle called the axion.  Adding supersymmetry to the model predicts the existence of a fermionic superpartner for the axion, the axino, and a bosonic superpartner, the saxion. They are all bundled up in a chiral superfield.

The axino has been predicted to be the lightest supersymmetric particle in such a model.  In part due to this property, it is considered a candidate for the composition of dark matter.

The supermultiplet containing an axion and axino has been suggested as the origin of supersymmetry breaking, where the supermultiplet gains an F-term expectation value.
Mount Grenfell
Mount Grenfell Historic Site is an Aboriginal rock art site, about 70 kilometres northwest of Cobar along the Barrier Highway in the arid lands in central west New South Wales, Australia. 
Travel 40km on the highway and you’ll see the turn off to Mount Grenfell. Go about 30km’s down the gravel road to the entrance. The road is easy to travel though has no lane markings. The last 1km is currently a dirt road and not recommended for caravans.

It is a spiritually important place for its Aboriginal owners, the Ngiyampaa Wangaaypuwan people. Hundreds of ancient rock drawings of humans, animals and the natural environment can be found at this historically invaluable site.

On 17 July 2004, the site was handed back by the Australian government to the Ngiyampaa Wangaaypuwan people, but is leased back to the NSW government.

Animals endemic to the site include emus, kangaroos, bearded dragons, geckos, and jerboas.

Jerboa
Jerboas (/dʒɜːrˈboʊə/ ⓘ) are the members of the family Dipodidae. They are hopping desert rodents found throughout North Africa and Asia. They tend to live in hot deserts.

When chased, jerboas can run at up to 24 km/h (15 mph). Some species are preyed on by little owls (Athene noctua) in central Asia. Most species of jerboas have excellent hearing that they use to avoid becoming the prey of nocturnal predators. The typical lifespan of a jerboa is around 2–3 years.
Chu Feng
Chu Feng is the name of:

Feng Chu (Chinese: 储凤, born 1965), Chinese-French operations researcher, written as Chu Feng in eastern name order

Frances Yao, born Chu Feng

Zhu Feng, Chu Feng in Wade–Giles

Zhu Feng
Zhu Feng (Chinese: 朱楓; pinyin: Zhū Fēng; Wade–Giles: Chu Feng; 1905–1950) was a Communist Chinese intelligence agent who worked undercover in Taiwan during 1949 gathering information on the Government of the Republic of China (ROC). She completed several missions, successfully transmitting data on military layouts before being arrested in 1950 and subsequently executed. In 2011, after 60 years her ashes were returned to her family in Nanjing and later buried at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
Thuillier
Thuillier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Élisabeth and Berthe Thuillier (fl. 1890s–1920s), French mother and daughter duo of colourists

Émilie Thuillier, Canadian politician

Emilio Thuillier (1868–1940), Spanish actor

Harry Thuillier (1925–2011), Irish fencer and broadcaster

Henry Edward Landor Thuillier (1813–1906), British surveyor in India

Henry Fleetwood Thuillier (1868–1953), British Army officer

Henry Shakespear Thuillier (1895–1982), British Army officer

Henry Ravenshaw Thuillier (1838–1922), British surveyor in India

Jacques Thuillier (1928–2011), French art historian

Jean Thuillier (1921–2017), French novelist

Leslie de Malapert Thuillier (1905–1999), British Army officer

Louis Thuillier (1856–1883), French biologist

Luc Thuillier (born 1964), French actor

Nick Thuillier (1907–1983), Irish fencer

Pierre Thuillier (1799–1858), French painter

Thierry Thuillier (born 1963), French television journalist

Élisabeth and Berthe Thuillier
Élisabeth Thuillier (née Aléné; 1841 – 7 July 1907) and Marie-Berthe Thuillier (1867 – 1947) were a mother-daughter team of French colourists. They ran a workshop in Paris, where their employees hand-coloured early films and photographic slides using their plans and colour choices. They are remembered especially for the work they did for the director Georges Méliès.
Biffen
Biffen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Edward Biffen, fictional character in the short story The Rummy Affair of Old Biffy by P. G. Wodehouse

John Biffen, PC, DL (1930–2007), Conservative member of the UK House of Lords, after 36 years in the House of Commons

Rowland Biffen (1874–1949), British botanist, geneticist, mycologist, professor of agricultural botany at the University of Cambridge

Sarah Biffen (1784–1850), Victorian English painter born with no arms

John Biffen
William John Biffen, Baron Biffen, PC, DL (3 November 1930 – 14 August 2007), was a British Conservative Party politician. He was a member of parliament from 1961 to 1997, and served in Margaret Thatcher's cabinet; he then served in the House of Lords.
Chogha Golan
Chogha Golan is an aceramic Neolithic archaeological site in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Iran, about 200 m (656 ft) from the right bank of the Konjan Cham River. Located in a semi-arid region about 30 km (19 mi) north of Mehran, Chogha Golan is one of the earliest aceramic Neolithic sites found in Iran. The people of Chogha Golan relied primarily on the exploitation of wild plants and hunting. Chogha Golan is notable for the early presence of domesticated emmer wheat, dating to around 9,800 BP as such the archaeobotanical remains from Chogha Golan shows the earliest record of long-term plant management in Iran.

Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains are a mountain range in West Asia spanning Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 miles). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast to the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, and the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Calosoma discors
Calosoma discors, the different beautiful black searcher, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1857. This species is found in California and Washington, where it inhabits coastal grasslands and oak savannahs in the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Adults are brachypterous.

Carabinae
Carabinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, containing ten genera and over fourteen hundred described species. It has two tribes, the Cychrini Laporte (1834) and Carabini Latreille (1802). The latter is divided into two subtribes, the Carabina Latreille (1802) and Ceroglossina Vacher de Lapouge (1927).
Bad Therapy (film)
Bad Therapy is a 2020 American comedy thriller film directed by William Teitler from a screenplay by Nancy Doyne, based on the novel Judy Small by Doyne. It's been described as a mixture of thriller, comedy and drama. It stars Alicia Silverstone, Rob Corddry, and Michaela Watkins.

It was released on April 17, 2020, by Gravitas Ventures. Forgoing a theatrical release due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the film was released to on-demand platforms.

Comedy thriller
Comedy thrillers are a hybrid genre that draw subject matter generally from comedy and thrillers, combining suspense with sustained humor. It incorporates the core elements of thriller storytelling—high stakes, danger, escalating tension, and the possibility of death—while maintaining a comic tone throughout, a situation can be both genuinely threatening and funny at the same time. The characters are in real jeopardy, yet the film signals that the outcome will remain within the bounds of entertainment rather than genuine horror.

Examples range from verbal wit and farce to dark or absurd humor. The comedy-thriller differs from straight comedies with occasional danger or thrillers with brief comic relief because neither element dominates; both remain active throughout the story.
Laetare Sunday
Laetare Sunday (Church Latin: [leˈta.re]; Classical Latin: [lae̯ˈtaːre]; English: /liːˈtɛəri/) is the fourth Sunday in the season of Lent, in the Western Christian liturgical calendar. Traditionally, this Sunday has been a day of celebration within the austere period of Lent. This Sunday gets its name from the first few words (incipit) of the traditional Latin entrance verse (Introit) for the Mass of the day. "Lætare Jerusalem" ("Rejoice, O Jerusalem") is Latin from Isaiah 66:10.

Vestment
Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religion, especially by Eastern Churches, Catholics (of all rites), Lutherans, and Anglicans. Many other groups also make use of liturgical garments; among the Reformed (Calvinist) Churches this was a point of controversy in the Protestant Reformation and sometimes since, in particular during the ritualist controversies in the Church of England in the 19th century.
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army  (MNDAA) is an armed resistance group in the Kokang region of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). The army has existed since 1989, having been the first one to sign a ceasefire agreement with the Burmese government. The ceasefire lasted for about two decades.

Lashio
Lashio (Burmese: လားရှိုးမြို့, MLCTS: la: hrui: mrui. [láʃó mjo̰]; Shan: ဝဵင်းလႃႈသဵဝ်ႈ [weŋ˥ laː˧˧˨ sʰeu˧˧˨]) is the largest city and the capital of northern Shan State, Myanmar, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north-east of Mandalay. It is situated on a low mountain spur overlooking the valley of the Yaw River. Loi Leng, the highest mountain of the Shan Hills, is located 45 km (28 mi) to the south-east of Lashio.

Lashio is the administrative center of Lashio Township and Lashio District; before April 2010, it was also the administrative center of Shan State (North). The population grew from approximately 5000 in 1960 to 88,590 in 1983. It was estimated at approximately 131,000 in 2009. The city was captured by rebel forces in early August 2024 before being retaken by the State Administration Council in April 2025 following a major earthquake which impacted much of Myanmar.

The population is made up of mostly Shan, Chinese and Bamars.
It's Alive! (The New Cars album)
It's Alive! is the only album released by The New Cars. The album features fifteen live tracks, twelve of which are songs known as being performed by the original Cars. The remaining two, "I Saw the Light" and "Open My Eyes", were popularized by New Cars member Todd Rundgren ("Open My Eyes" was originally performed by Rundgren's earlier garage rock group, Nazz). The album ends with three new studio tracks, recorded specifically for this release.

Nazz
The Nazz was an American rock band formed in Philadelphia in 1967. The group was founded by guitarist and main songwriter Todd Rundgren and bassist Carson Van Osten. Drummer Thom Mooney and vocalist/keyboardist Robert "Stewkey" Antoni joined soon after. The group is best known for their debut single "Open My Eyes”, and "Hello It's Me".

During 1968 and 1969, the Nazz released two albums (Nazz and Nazz Nazz). Following the group's disbandment in 1969, a collection of archival recordings was compiled and released under the title Nazz III. Rundgren later re-recorded a solo version of "Hello It's Me" that reached number 5 on the U.S. charts.
The Famous Tay Whale
"The Famous Tay Whale" is a poem by William Topaz McGonagall about the Tay Whale, also known as the Monster, a humpback whale hunted and killed in 1883 in the Firth of Tay near Dundee, Scotland, then the country's main whaling port. The doggerel verse is famous for lacking poetic quality.

Firth of Tay
The Firth of Tay (/ˈteɪ/; Scottish Gaelic: Linne Tatha) is a firth on the east coast of Scotland, into which empties the River Tay (Scotland's largest river in terms of flow). The firth is surrounded by four council areas: Fife, Perth and Kinross, Dundee City, and Angus. Its maximum width (at Invergowrie) is 3 mi (4.8 km).

Two bridges span the firth: the Tay Road Bridge and the Tay Rail Bridge. The marshy Mugdrum Island is the only major island in the firth.

The Firth of Tay in Antarctica was discovered in 1892–1893 by Captain Thomas Robertson of the Dundee whaling expedition and named by him after the one in Scotland. He also named nearby Dundee Island in honour of the main city on the firth.
Jelili Ogunmuyiwa
Jelili Ogunmuyiwa (born March 31, 1979) is a Nigerian football referee who currently operates in the Nigeria Premier League and also international beach soccer tournaments. Born in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Jelili was selected to officiate the final match of the 2015 CAF Beach Soccer Championship between Senegal and Madagascar. Jelili officiated 4 matches at the 2015 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup after he had previously officiated at the 2011 tournament.

Madagascar national beach soccer team
The Madagascar national beach soccer team represents Madagascar in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the Malagasy Football Federation, the governing body for football in Madagascar.
Racial integration
Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Hana (film)
Hana - the Tale of a Reluctant Samurai, known in Japan as Hana yori mo Naho (花よりもなほ), is a 2006 Japanese jidaigeki by director Hirokazu Kore-eda. The film was released in the United States by Funimation who also gave it an English-language dub.

Hirokazu Kore-eda
Hirokazu Kore-eda (是枝 裕和, Koreeda Hirokazu; born 6 June 1962) is a Japanese film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor. He began his career in television and has since directed more than a dozen feature films, including Nobody Knows (2004) and Still Walking (2008).

For Like Father, Like Son (2013) and Shoplifters (2018), he won the Cannes Film Festival's Jury Prize and Palme d'Or, respectively. Shoplifters was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Kore-eda has since directed Broker (2022) and Monster (2023).