hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) was an American professional association representing the interests of those engaged in measuring and communicating geospatial data.

Originally, it was composed of four organizations:

American Association for Geodetic Surveying (AAGS)

National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS)

Cartographic and Geographic Information Society (CaGIS)

Geographic and Land Information Society (GLIS)

During the 2000s, CaGIS and GLIS removed themselves from ACSM; in 2012, ACSM legally merged into the NSPS, while AAGS remained separate.

It published the bimonthly ACSM Bulletin, no longer in publication.
ACSM also published the quarterly Surveying and Land Information Science (SaLIS) technical journal, now officially published by the AAGS.

In 1984, it held a joint convention with American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (then American Society for Photogrammetry). At that conference, the Coordinate Metrology Society was founded.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Pericardium (Chinese medicine)
As distinct from the Western medical concept of the pericardium, this concept from traditional Chinese medicine describes a set of interrelated parts rather than an anatomical organ (see Zang Fu theory).

The Pericardium network includes the pericardial sac, the Pericardium meridian, the small intestine and some parts of the brain.

The Pericardium is also called the "heart protector", and, for clinical purposes, is considered a yin organ paired with the yang organ San Jiao.  In general theory, the Pericardium is not distinguished from the Heart.  It is also the first line of defence against the Heart from External Pathogenic Influences. In terms of the Five Elements, these organs are both associated with the fire element.

The Pericardium has a meridian named for it, which reflects the health of the organ. According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is often best to approach the treatment of heart problems via the Pericardium, rather than the heart directly.

Meridian (Chinese medicine)
The meridian system (simplified Chinese: 经络; traditional Chinese: 經絡; pinyin: jīngluò; lit. 'meridian and collaterals'), also called channel network, is a pseudoscientific concept from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that alleges meridians are paths through which the life-energy known as "qi" (ch'i) flows.

Scientists have found no evidence that supports their existence. One historian of medicine in China says that the term is "completely unsuitable and misguided, but nonetheless it has become a standard translation". Major proponents of their existence have not come to any consensus as to how they might work or be tested in a scientific context.
NowMedical
NowMedical is a London company that reviews medical cases to advise local councils and the Home Office on whether someone qualifies for long-term support under the UK Homeless Code of Guidance.

The councils evaluate whether the person is intentionally homeless, their links to the local area, and whether they are significantly more vulnerable than an ordinary person would be if they became homeless. The councils also evaluate physical disability, mental health issues, and whether the individuals are elderly, fleeing domestic abuse or have been in care or the military.

NowMedical offers advice, but the final decision rests on the local council.

Physical disability
A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.
Hof- og Stadsretten
Hof- og Stadsretten was a modern-style court of justice introduced in Denmark, specifically for Copenhagen, by Johann Friedrich Struensee in 1771. In 1805, it was merged with the new Landsoverret for Eastern Denmark as Den kongelige Landsoverret samt Hof- og Stadsret. It was replaced by the Københavns Byret and Østre Landsret in 1919.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Junundat
Junundat, also called Junandot, Ayonontout, or Etionnontout, was a Wyandot village located south of Sandusky Bay, near modern-day Castalia, Ohio.  Junundat was founded c. 1740 by Wyandots moving south from the vicinity of Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit in order to escape harassment by the Odawa (Ottawa). The village became a center for trade with the British until it was abandoned in 1747 during King George's War. It was reestablished in the early 1750s but abandoned a second time in 1763 during Pontiac's War.

Sandusky Bay
Sandusky Bay is a bay on Lake Erie in northern Ohio, formed at the mouth of the Sandusky River. It was identified as Lac Sandouské on a 1718 French map, with early variations recorded that suggest the name was derived from Native American languages. The Thomas A. Edison Memorial Bridge was constructed across it in the 20th century to connect highways in Erie and Ottawa counties.
Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk
Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk (Russian: "Вечерний Красноярск" ~ The Evening Krasnoyarsk) was a weekly newspaper published in Krasnoyarsk, Russia from 1989 to 2010. It came out on Wednesdays. The publication covered political, economic, social and cultural topics. The newspaper's task was to form a detailed objective picture of life in Krasnoyarsk and Krasnoyarsk Krai, as well as prompt coverage of the most significant city and regional events. It published official documents of the Krasnoyarsk Krai administration.

As of January 9, 2005, the circulation was 23,000. In 2007, the editor-in-chief was Yevgeniya Leontyeva.

In 2011 the newspaper was suspended due to financial problems. According to editor-in-chief at the time Ekaterina Yusma, the columnists who used to work at the organization have moved to the website Newslab.ru. In its final years, the newspaper had a circulation of 19,000.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Meghla Akash
Meghla Akash also (Bengali: মেঘলা আকাশ, English:  The Cloudy Sky ) is a Bangladeshi Bengali language film. The film was directed by Bangladeshi filmmaker Nargis Akter as her first directed film. It was released in 2002 all over Bangladesh. This thought has brought forward Nargis Akhter's first feature film Meghla Akash that deals with the issue of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. It stars Moushumi, Ayub Khan, Amit Hasan, Shakil Khan, Purnima, Wasimul Bari Rajib, Shahidul Alam Sachchu, Ferdousi Mazumder, Pijush Bandyopadhyay and many more. Public consciousness based the films special appearance Indian actress Shabana Azmi The film was appreciated by film critics and film viewers and won the National Film Award of Bangladesh as best director Nargis Akter of the year 2002, with won a total of six categories.

Pijush Bandyopadhyay
Pijush Bandyopadhyay is a Bangladeshi stage, television and film actor. He is a former managing director of Bangladesh Film Development Corporation (BFDC).  Bandyopadhyay was also the former CEO of the privately owned television channel Ekushey Television.
CivAI
The Civic AI Security Program (CivAI) is an American nonprofit organization that raises awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities and risks using interactive demonstrations. CivAI gives presentations to lawmakers and civil society organizations and shares public demos online involving deepfakes, phishing attacks, and election misinformation. The organization also makes private demos showing more dangerous capabilities such as biosecurity risks.

CivAI's educational tools have been used by third parties such as the Arizona Secretary of State's office and in a presentation at the 2025 AI Action Summit. It is a member of the NIST AI Consortium.

CivAI was founded in 2023 by Lucas Hansen and Siddharth Hiregowdara in response to the 2022 launch of ChatGPT. The two previously worked together at real estate software company Qualia, which Hansen co-founded. The organization is based in Berkeley, California.

Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments. In agriculture, these measures are aimed at protecting food crops and livestock from pests, invasive species, and other organisms not conducive to the welfare of the human population. The term includes biological threats to people, including those from pandemic diseases and bioterrorism. The definition has sometimes been broadened to embrace other concepts, and it is used for different purposes in different contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a threat for which biosecurity measures have been needed in all countries of the world.
Inflatable
An inflatable is an object that can be inflated with a gas, usually with air, but hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen are also used. One of several advantages of an inflatable is that it can be stored in a small space when not inflated, since inflatables depend on the presence of a gas to maintain their size and shape. Function fulfillment per mass used compared with non-inflatable strategies is a key advantage. Stadium cushions, impact guards, vehicle wheel inner tubes, emergency air bags, and inflatable space habitats employ the inflatable principle. Inflation occurs through several strategies: pumps, ram-air, blowing, and suction.

Although the term inflatable can refer to any type of inflatable object, the term is often used in boating to specifically refer to inflatable boats.

Ram-air intake
A ram-air intake is an intake design which uses the dynamic air pressure created by vehicle motion, or ram pressure, to increase the static air pressure inside of the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The greater massflow through the engine allows an increase in engine power.
Dry Zone theater
The Dry Zone theater, also known as the Anyar theater, is one of the theaters of the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), taking place in Myanmar's Dry Zone (or Anyar) region which encompasses the Bamar-majority Sagaing, Magway and Mandalay regions. It has been described as the "prime center" of resistance against the junta.

Kawlin
Kawlin (ကောလင်းမြို့) is a town in the Sagaing Division in Myanmar. Since December 2018 it has been the administration headquarters for Kawlin District as well as Kawlin Township. As of 2019, the town had a population of 25,254, up from 21,431 in 2014. The town is further subdivided into 8 wards.

In late 2023, Kawlin became the first district capital to fall to resistance forces in the 2021 Myanmar civil war.
Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown
Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown, 354 U.S. 436 (1957), was a Supreme Court case that addressed issues of obscenity, free speech, and due process. The case stemmed from the confiscation and destruction of books from a New York City bookstore. The court's determination was that:

A state injunction against distribution of material designated as "obscene" does not violate freedom of speech and press protected by the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Holding (law)
A holding is a court's determination of a matter of law based on the issue presented in the particular case. In other words: under this law, with these facts, this is the result. It is the same as a 'decision' made by the judge; however "decision" can also refer to the judge's entire opinion, containing, for example, a discussion of facts, issues, and law as well as the holding. The holding is the "legal principle to be drawn from the opinion (decision) of the court".
Righteous armies
In Korean history, righteous armies (Korean: 의병), sometimes translated as irregular armies or militias, mainly refers to civilian armed organizations that were spontaneously formed to fight against foreign invasions, such as the Imjin War and the Qing invasion of Joseon. The Righteous armies under the Korean Empire also followed this trend; they did not have proper weapons, but fought against Japanese imperialism.

Jeolla Province
Jeolla Province (Korean: 전라도; Hanja: 全羅道, [tɕʌ̹ɭɭa̠.do̞]) was one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon in southwestern Korea. It consisted of the modern South Korean provinces of North Jeolla, South Jeolla and Gwangju Metropolitan City as well as Jeju Province. The provincial capital was Jeonju, the current capital of North Jeolla. The entire inland region was called Honam (lit. 'south of the lake'), which is still commonly used today.

Jeolla-do, including North and South Jeolla, was the first province/state out of the Eight Provinces system to have its 1000th year anniversary in 2018, as the name 'Jeolla-do' was established in 1018, during Hyeonjong of Goryeo's 9th year in power.

The population of Jeolla-do is 4,973,834 as of January 2024.
Joe James (American football)
Joe Neil James (April 12, 1934 – October 9, 2015) was an American football coach.  He was the 11th head football coach at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, serving for four seasons, from 1964 to 1967, and compiling a record of 16–24–1.  James came to Howard Payne from La Vega High School in Bellmead, Texas, where was head football coach from 1960 to 1963. James played college football at Howard Payne and was selected in the 20th round of the 1955 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears.

1955 NFL draft
The 1955 NFL draft was held January 27–28, 1955 at the Warwick Hotel in New York City.

This was the ninth year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery. With the previous eight winners ineligible from the draw, only the Baltimore Colts, Chicago Cardinals, Green Bay Packers, and Pittsburgh Steelers had an equal chance of winning. The draft lottery was won by Baltimore, who selected quarterback George Shaw.
Pandi (film)
Pandi is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Rasu Madhuravan. It stars Raghava Lawrence and Sneha in the lead roles, while Namitha, Nassar, Saranya Ponvannan, and Sriman play supporting roles. The film was released on 23 May 2008. It was an average success.

Saranya Ponvannan
Saranya Ponvannan (born Sheela Christina) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam and a few Kannada language films. She also acted in one Hindi movie  Chup: Revenge of the Artist in 2022. Saranya made her acting debut in a lead role in Mani Ratnam's Nayakan (1987) and went on to play lead roles from 1987 to 1996. Following an eight-year sabbatical, she returned to films in 2003 as a character actor roles. In her career spanning around over 25 years she had won a number of accolades including one National Film Award, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and five Filmfare Award South.
606 Brangäne
606 Brangäne, provisional designation 1906 VB, is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 September 1906, by astronomer August Kopff at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The unusual K-type asteroid is the namesake of the small Brangäne family and has a rotation period of 12.3 hours. It was named after Brangaine, a character from the opera Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Bart Meijers
Bart Adrianus Johannes Meijers (born 10 January 1997) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Botola Pro club Wydad.

Meijers started out as a senior at his hometown club NAC Breda in 2017, and also represented Helmond Sport and Almere City in the Netherlands before moving to Romanian side Petrolul Ploiești in 2020. In 2024, he signed with Bosnian club Borac Banja Luka. A year later, he transferred to Moroccan team Wydad ahead of the FIFA Club World Cup.

Supercup of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Supercup of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Superkup Bosne i Hercegovine; Croatian: Superkup Bosne i Hercegovine; Serbian Cyrillic: Суперкуп Босне и Херцеговине) is Bosnia and Herzegovina football's annual match contested between the champions of the previous Bosnian Premier League season and the holders of the Bosnian Cup.

If the Premier League champions also win the cup, then the league runners-up provide the opposition. It was first contested in the 1996–97 season, but was abolished after the 2000–01 season. The supercup was revamped following the end of the 2023–24 season.
The Hotel (Singaporean TV series)
The Hotel (Chinese: 大酒店) is a Singapore Chinese drama which was telecast on Singapore's television station, Mediacorp, in 2001. It was released in December 2001 and was slated to be the blockbuster for the year 2001. The series has been rerun on MediaCorp Channel 8 and also on AZN Television. It stars Edmund Chen, Ivy Lee, Chen Hanwei, Jacelyn Tay, Chen Liping, May Phua and Yang Libing as the casts of this series.

This series is unique as it has a large ensemble guest cast featuring over 95% of MediaCorp Channel 8 artistes appearing as hotel guests, including Zoe Tay, Gurmit Singh (Phua Chu Kang), Xiang Yun and many others. Most artistes' character names were similar to their own and, unusual for a drama series, their names were introduced on screen, not only in the credits at the end.

AZN Television
AZN Television (formerly called International Channel) was an American cable TV channel which promoted itself as "the network for Asian America". It was run by International Networks, a wholly owned subsidiary of Comcast Corporation. The channel's programming targeted the fast-growing, young, affluent, English-speaking Asian-American community. Genres included the most popular Asian films, dramas, documentaries and music as well as a diverse slate of original programming. Until the 2005 reformatting, it had a broader schedule, which also had European and Middle Eastern programming which were gradually dropped when the channel was bought by Comcast. It competed in certain markets with ImaginAsian Television.
Leviathan II
Leviathan II is the eighteenth studio album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion. It was released on 28 October 2022 by Nuclear Blast Records. It is the follow-up to the first Leviathan album.

According to Christofer Johnsson, this second part of the trilogy attempts aimed towards a "more moody and melancholic" sound, that rekindles the "mystic, melancholic aura" of their groundbreaking work Vovin.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.
Sooty bushtit
The sooty bushtit (Aegithalos fuliginosus), also known as the sooty tit, white-necklaced tit or white-necklaced bushtit, is a small passerine bird in the bushtit family Aegithalidae. It is endemic to central China, where it inhabits foothill and montane forests. Its overall browner plumage and white collar distinguish it from other small tits and bushtits. It is a social bird and forages in flocks, often with other bird species.

Aegithalidae
The bushtits or long-tailed tits are small passerine birds from the family Aegithalidae, containing 13 species in three genera, all but one of which (Psaltriparus) are found in Eurasia. Bushtits are active birds with long tails compared to their size, moving almost constantly while they forage for insects in shrubs and trees. During non-breeding season, birds live in flocks of up to 50 individuals. Several bushtit species display cooperative breeding behavior, also called helpers at the nest.
2021 Trophée des Champions
The 2021 Trophée des Champions was the 26th edition of the French super cup. The match was contested by the 2020–21 Ligue 1 champions, Lille, and the 2020–21 Coupe de France winners, Paris Saint-Germain, and took place at Bloomfield Stadium in Tel Aviv, Israel on 1 August 2021.

Lille won the match 1–0 for their first Trophée des Champions, ending PSG's run of eight consecutive titles.

2020–21 Ligue 1
The 2020–21 Ligue 1 season, also known as Ligue 1 Uber Eats for sponsorship reasons, was a French association football tournament within Ligue 1. It was the 83rd season since its establishment. The season started on 21 August 2020 and ended on 23 May 2021. The league fixtures were announced on 9 July 2020.

Paris Saint-Germain were the three-time defending champions, after they were awarded the title for the previous season following the league's cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Following a 2–1 win against Angers on the final day of the season, Lille secured a fourth French league title, and their first since 2011.
Harold Goodwin (American football)
Harold Goodwin (born November 14, 1973) is an American football coach who is the assistant head coach and run game coordinator for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as an assistant coach for the Arizona Cardinals, Indianapolis Colts, Pittsburgh Steelers, Chicago Bears and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.