hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Logical machine
A logical machine or logical abacus is a tool containing a set of parts that uses energy to perform formal logic operations through the use of truth tables.  Early logical machines were mechanical devices that performed basic operations in Boolean logic. The principal examples of such machines are those of William Stanley Jevons (logic piano), John Venn, and Allan Marquand.

Contemporary logical machines are computer-based electronic programs that perform proof assistance with theorems in mathematical logic.  In the 21st century, these proof assistant programs have given birth to a new field of study called mathematical knowledge management.

John Venn
John Venn, FRS, FSA (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English mathematician, logician and philosopher noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computer science. In 1866, Venn published The Logic of Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequency theory of probability, arguing that probability should be determined by how often something is forecast to occur as opposed to "educated" assumptions. Venn then further developed George Boole's theories in the 1881 work Symbolic Logic, where he highlighted what would become known as Venn diagrams.
ICFAI University, Tripura
The ICFAI University, Tripura (Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Tripura) is a private university located in Agartala, Tripura, India. It was established in 2004, the university was founded under the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Tripura Act, 2004 (Tripura Act No. 8 of 2004), enacted by the Government of Tripura. It is part of the ICFAI Group, which operates multiple higher education institutions across India.

Agartala
Agartala (/əˈɡɑːrtələ/, Bengali: [ˈagɔɾˌtɔla] ⓘ, Kok Borok: [aguli]) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Tripura, situated on the banks of Haora/Saidra River, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the border with Bangladesh and about 2,499 km (1,552 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi. According to 2022 AMC data, Agartala is the second most populous city after Guwahati in Northeast India. It is India's third international internet gateway and being developed under the Smart Cities Mission.
Andrea Anastasi
Andrea Anastasi (born 8 October 1960) is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player. He was a member of the Italy national team from 1981 to 1991, and during his career won the 1990 World Champion title.

2014–15 PlusLiga
The 2014–15 PlusLiga was the 79th season of the Polish Volleyball Championship, the 15th season as a professional league organized by the Professional Volleyball League SA (Polish: Profesjonalna Liga Piłki Siatkowej SA) under the supervision of the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej).

The number of teams competing in this season was increased from 12 to 14.

Asseco Resovia won their 7th title of the Polish Champions.
Beale Street Baptist Church
Beale Street Baptist Church, also known as, First Baptist Church or Beale Avenue Baptist Church, is a historic church on Beale Street, in Memphis, Tennessee. It is affiliated with the National Baptist Convention, USA.

It was founded by a congregation of freed slaves. It was designed by the prominent Memphis architectural firm Jones & Baldwin, a partnership between Edward Culliatt Jones and Matthias Baldwin. Its foundation stone was laid in 1869, and it was constructed between 1871 and 1885.  In the late 1880s, the church also housed the newspaper office of Ida B. Wells, the famous civil rights journalist. Over the years, Ulysses S. Grant and Teddy Roosevelt made visits to the church.

The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and was included in an enlargement of the National Historic Landmark District of Beale Street in 1993.  Adjacent to the church, a plaza dedicated to Ida B. Wells was established in 2021.

Edward C. Jones
Edward Culliatt Jones (July 21, 1822 – February 12, 1902) was an American architect from Charleston, South Carolina.  He designed banks, churches, jails, residences and public buildings including a courthouse and a school. A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, and two are further designated as U.S. National Historic Landmarks.
Romain Garnier
Romain Garnier (born 1976) is a French linguist who specializes in Latin, Greek, Lydian language and Indo-European linguistics. He has been an Assistant Professor (Maître de Conférences) since 2005 at the University of Limoges. He was the recipient of the Prix Émile Benveniste awarded in 2010 by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and became a member of the Institut Universitaire de France in 2013.

Institut Universitaire de France
The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that annually distinguishes a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by their international recognition. Only around 2% of French university faculty are members (active or honorary) of the IUF.
Almond Eyes
Almond Eyes is the first extended play by American contemporary worship musician Brandon Lake. The EP was released on February 5, 2021, via Bethel Music. The album was produced by David Leonard, Brad King, Seth Talley, and Lael.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Makmal
The Makmal (Kyrgyz: Макмал) is a river in Ak-Talaa District of Naryn Region and Toguz-Toro District of Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is a left tributary of the Ala-Buga. The length of the river is 41 km (25 mi), its basin area is 441 square kilometers, and its average annual discharge is 1.8 - 2.5 cubic meters per second.

Jalal-Abad Region
Jalal-Abad (/dʒəˈlɑːl əˈbɑːd/; Kyrgyz: [dʒɑˌɫɑɫɑˈbɑt]) is a region (oblus) of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Manas. It is surrounded by (clockwise from the north) Talas Region, Chüy Region, Naryn Region, Osh Region, and Uzbekistan. Jalal-Abad Region was established on 21 November 1939. On 27 January 1959 it became a part of Osh Region, but regained its old status as a region on 14 December 1990. Its total area is 32,418 km2 (12,517 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,260,617 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Uzbek (24.8% in 2009) minority.
6th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment
The 6th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment was a part-time infantry unit of the British Army part of the Territorial Army (TA).  Formed in 1971 from the expansion of many cadres, the battalion was disbanded in 1999 and formed sub-units in the new East of England Regiment.  Today, the battalion's successors still form part of the Army Reserve (AR) component of the Royal Anglian Regiment's only remaining reserve unit, the 3rd (V) Battalion.

Bedford
Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 167,446. Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire and seat of the Borough of Bedford local government district.

Bedford was founded at a ford on the River Great Ouse and is thought to have been the burial place of King Offa of Mercia, who is remembered for building Offa's Dyke on the Welsh border. Bedford Castle was built by Henry I, although it was destroyed in 1224. Bedford was granted borough status in 1166 and has been represented in Parliament since 1265. It is known for its large population of Italian descent.
The Crystal Cube
The Crystal Cube was a mockumentary television pilot written by and starring Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on 7 July 1983 on BBC2 at 22:10. The pilot was one of Fry and Laurie's first television appearances and the first show they had written themselves. However, the BBC chose not to take it to a full series, and Fry and Laurie did not get a chance to make their own programme for the BBC until 1989, when they produced their first full series of the more conventional sketch show A Bit of Fry and Laurie, after a pilot in 1987.

John Savident
John Frederick Joseph Savident (26 September 1937 – 21 February 2024) was a British actor, known for his numerous television roles, including his portrayal of butcher Fred Elliott in the soap opera Coronation Street from 1994-2006. He was also known for his performance as Monsieur Firmin in the West End cast of The Phantom of the Opera. He was memorable in the episode The Double Death of Charlie Crippen in the acclaimed spy-fi series Department S  (1968). His other credits include The Avengers (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), The Professionals (1978), Blake's 7 (1979), Yes Minister (1980), Gandhi (1982), The Remains of the Day (1993) and Middlemarch (1994).
Andrea Routley
Andrea Routley is a Canadian writer based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Her short story collection Jane and the Whales was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Debut Fiction at the 26th Lambda Literary Awards in 2014. Her short stories appear in Canadian literary magazines such as Geist and The Fiddlehead Review.

She was a founder of the LGBT literary magazine Plenitude and of the Sunshine Coast's (Canada) Read Out Loud LGBT reading series, and was editor of the 2010 anthology Walk Myself Home: An Anthology to End Violence Against Women. In 2020, her book This Unlikely Soil was shortlisted for the Malahat Review Novella Prize.

During the 2022-23 winter, Routley was a writer-in-residence at the Haig-Brown House of the Campbell River Museum on Vancouver Island, where she planned to finish a new novel.

Lambda Literary Award for LGBT Debut Fiction
The Lambda Literary Award for Debut Fiction is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation to a debut work of fiction on LGBT themes. Formerly presented in two separate categories for gay male and lesbian debut fiction, beginning the 25th Lambda Literary Awards in 2013 a single award, inclusive of both male and female writers, was presented. The award was, however, discontinued after the 28th Lambda Literary Awards in 2016.

The award was presented based on themes in the work, not the sexuality or gender of the writer; heterosexual writers were eligible for the award, and writers could be nominated in the "cross-gender" category based on the work.
Lee McAllister
Lee "Aberdeen Assassin" McAllister (born 5 October 1982) is a Scottish professional boxer nicknamed the "Aberdeen Assassin".
McAllister held the Commonwealth lightweight and light-welterweight titles, the IBO International light-welterweight title, and challenged once each for the European and British titles.

On 22 July 2018 he defeated British WBU #1 contender Danny Williams by knock out in round 10 to gain the GBU Heavyweight Champion title. He captured the junior-middleweight WBU World Championship on 5 October 2019 against Richmond Djarbeng by 2nd-round TKO. Lee is also a promoter with Assassins Promotions boxing, which holds events in his hometown of Aberdeen, where he also runs and operates a boxing gym called Assassin's Health & Fitness.

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
Luis Eladio Pérez
Luis Eladio Pérez is a Colombian politician. He served as a member of the Senate of Colombia. He was held captive by the FARC for seven years (from 2001 to 2008), four of which were spent alongside fellow politician and captive Ingrid Betancourt.

Senate of Colombia
The Senate of the Republic of Colombia  (Spanish: Senado de la República de Colombia) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms.
Chariessa catalina
Chariessa catalina is a recently described species of North American checkered beetle. Chariessa catalina can be distinguished from Chariessa elegans by an elytra that is closer to blue than black, and a forebody that is closer to crimson than C. elegans' diluted-blood red. C. catalina and C. elegans share a range in the southwestern corner of the continent but the range of C. elegans extends north toward the U.S.-Canadian border. This species seems to be most often encountered in March. The type specimen was collected in the Catalina Mountains of Arizona in 1969.

Crimson
Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple.
It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, Kermes vermilio, but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between red and rose. It is the national color of Nepal.
Beer in France
Although part of the wine belt, France is also a consumer and producer of beer, particularly in its nothern and eastern regions. Most beer sold in France is pilsner lager, mass-produced by major breweries which control over 90% of the market, although there are also traditional beer styles, such as top-fermented Bière de Garde, and a number of microbreweries.

Alcohol preferences in Europe
Alcohol preferences in Europe vary from country to country between beer, wine or spirits. These preferences are traditionally associated with certain regions. Hence, the Central European pattern of alcohol consumption is associated with beer-drinking, the Mediterranean pattern with wine-drinking and the Eastern or Northern European pattern with spirit-drinking countries. However, traditional preferences do not necessarily correspond to current drinking habits, as beer has become the most popular alcoholic drink world-wide.
Kokage-ike Dam
Kokage-ike Dam (Japanese: 小川下池) is an earthfill dam located in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 3.4 km2. The dam impounds about 7  ha of land when full and can store 600 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1973.

Kagawa Prefecture
Kagawa Prefecture (香川県, Kagawa-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, ka.ɡa.waꜜ.keɴ, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kagawa Prefecture has a population of 949,358 (as of 2020) and is the smallest prefecture by geographic area at 1,877 square kilometres (725 sq mi). Kagawa Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the southwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the south.

Takamatsu is the capital and largest city of Kagawa Prefecture, with other major cities including Marugame, Mitoyo, and Kan'onji. Kagawa Prefecture is located on the Seto Inland Sea across from Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu, which is connected by the Great Seto Bridge. Kagawa Prefecture includes Shōdoshima, the second-largest island in the Seto Inland Sea, and the prefecture's southern land border with Tokushima Prefecture is formed by the Sanuki Mountains.
Get on Board (Taj Mahal and Ry Cooder album)
Get on Board is a collaborative studio album by American musicians Taj Mahal and Ry Cooder. It was released on April 22, 2022, via Nonesuch Records. Recording sessions took place at Temple Of Leaves in Altadena and at Wireland Studios in Chatsworth from July 9 to 11, 2021, with the Ton3s' backing vocals were recorded at Soul Lab Studio in Greensboro.

At the 65th Annual Grammy Awards held on February 5, 2023, the album won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album.

Altadena, California
Altadena (/ˌɑːltəˈdiːnə/pronunciationⓘAL-tə-DEE-nə) is an unincorporated area, and census-designated place in the San Gabriel Valley and the Verdugos regions of Los Angeles County, California. Directly north of Pasadena, it is located approximately 14 miles (23 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. Its population was 42,846 at the 2020 census, up slightly from a 2010 figure of 42,777. In early 2025, the community was severely impacted by the Eaton Fire.
Jalaj
Jalaj (Devanagari: जलज) is an Indian masculine given name that originates from Sanskrit language. The Sanskrit word jalaja (a compound of jala 'water' and ja 'born') means 'produced or born or living or growing in water, coming from or peculiar to water' and can refer, among other things, to the lotus.. Other given names with the same meaning are Pankaj, Neeraj and Saroj.

Sanskrit compound
Sanskrit inherits from its parent, the Proto-Indo-European language, the capability of forming compound nouns, also widely seen in kindred languages, especially German, Greek, and English.

However, Sanskrit, especially in the later stages of the language, significantly expands on this both in terms of the number of elements making up a single compound and the volume of compound usage in the literature, a development which is unique within Indo-European to Sanskrit and closely related languages.

Further, this development in the later language is an entirely artificial, literary construct and does not reflect the spoken language.
John Gardiner (Montreal politician)
John Gardiner is a former politician in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was a member of the Montreal city council from 1974 to 1978 and again from 1982 to 1994 as a member of the Montreal Citizens' Movement (MCM) and was a prominent figure in Jean Doré's municipal administration.

Old Montreal
Old Montreal (French: Vieux-Montréal, pronounced [vjø mɔ̃ʁeal]) is a historic neighbourhood within the municipality of Montreal in the province of Quebec, Canada. Home to the Old Port of Montreal, the neighbourhood is bordered on the west by McGill Street, on the north by Ruelle des Fortifications, on the east by rue Saint-André, and on the south by the Saint Lawrence River. Following recent amendments, the neighbourhood has expanded to include the Rue des Soeurs Grises in the west, Saint Antoine Street in the north, and Saint Hubert Street in the east.

Founded by French settlers in 1642 as Fort Ville-Marie, Old Montreal is home to many structures dating back to the era of New France. The 17th century settlement lends its name to the borough in which the neighbourhood lies, Ville-Marie. In 1964, much of Old Montreal was declared a historic district by the Ministère des Affaires culturelles du Québec.
Chan Ying-lun
Chan Ying-lun, OBE, JP (Chinese: 陳英麟, born 6 October 1950) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and Eastern District Board.

He was brought up in the Shau Kei Wan squatters area and graduated from Cognito College and University of Hong Kong. He worked as the corporate affairs manager of the San Miguel Brewery Ltd.

He was first elected as the Eastern District Board member in 1982 and reelected in 1985 and 1988, for Shau Kei Wan. He was appointed as the Legislative Council in 1983. In 1988 election, he defeated the incumbent Desmond Lee Yu-tai from the East Island electoral college constituency consisting of members of the Eastern and Wan Chai District Board by the margin of one vote. When the direct election was introduced in 1991, he lost his seat to the pro-democracy activists Martin Lee and Man Sai-cheong of the United Democrats of Hong Kong.

Shau Kei Wan
Shau Kei Wan or Shaukiwan is a neighborhood in the Eastern District of Hong Kong Island. The area is bordered by Chai Wan to the east, Mount Parker to the south, Sai Wan Ho to the west, and Victoria Harbour to the north.

Shau Kei Wan is considered as an area surrounded by A Kung Ngam Road and A Kung Ngam Village Road to the east, Yiu Hing Road and Shau Kei Wan Road to the south, Junction of Aldrich Bay Road and Shau Kei Wan Road to the west, and Oi Kan Road to the north.
Joanne Goldstein
Joanne Feinberg Goldstein (c. 1950) is an American labor attorney and former Massachusetts Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development.

A graduate of the University of Michigan and the Hofsta University Law School, Goldstein began her legal career practicing union side labor law with Angoff, Goldman, Manning, Pyle and Wanger in Boston. She was the first woman to practice union-side labor law in Massachusetts. She opened her own practice in 1982 and in 1996 she was named General Counsel for the Utility Workers Union of America. In 2007, she was appointed by Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley as Chief of the Attorney General's Fair Labor Division. In January 2010, she was appointed  by Governor Deval Patrick to succeed Suzanne M. Bump as Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development. She was replaced by Patrick on January 17, 2014.

Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development
The Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development (EOLWD) is a Cabinet level agency under the Governor of Massachusetts. EOLWD is responsible for enforcing the Commonwealth's labor laws and for providing workforce training to citizens. EOLWD is also responsible for administering Massachusetts' workers' compensation laws, enforcing laws governing collective bargaining, and for providing unemployment benefits to those in need.

The agency is under the supervision and control of the Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development, who is appointed by the Governor.
7th Feroz Awards
The 7th award ceremony of the Feroz Awards was held at the Teatro Auditorio Ciudad de Alcobendas in Alcobendas, Community of Madrid, on January 16, 2020. The ceremony was hosted by María Hervás and was televised by Telemadrid.

Telemadrid
Telemadrid is a public television station in the Community of Madrid, Spain, the flagship channel of the regional public broadcaster Radio Televisión Madrid (RTVM). It began its broadcast on 2 May 1989.
Canton of Les Coteaux de Dordogne
The canton of Les Coteaux de Dordogne (French: Canton des Coteaux de Dordogne) is a canton (an administrative division) of the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It was created at the canton reorganisation that came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is Castillon-la-Bataille. It elects two members of the Departmental Council of Gironde.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Centre Village Historic District
The Centre Village Historic District encompasses the historic central business district of Southbridge, Massachusetts.  The district includes properties on Main Street, roughly between Elm and Goddard Streets.  The central area represents a fairly well preserved Late Victorian commercial center.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Southbridge, Massachusetts
Southbridge is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 17,740 at the 2020 census. Although Southbridge has a city form of government, it is legally known as the Town of Southbridge.