hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Court of Cassation (Duchy of Warsaw)
The Court of Cassation (Polish: Sąd Kasacyjny; in contemporary orthography: Sąd Kassacyyny) was the highest judicial authority in the Duchy of Warsaw, established by a decree of Duke Frederick Augustus I on 3 April 1810, pursuant to Article 16 of the Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw. The court reviewed cassation appeals from both civil and criminal courts, resolved jurisdictional disputes between courts, and served as a disciplinary court for judges and the prosecutor of the Court of Appeal.

The court operated for a brief period, even by the standards of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw: its activities formally commenced on 19 June 1810, and its last published judgment was issued on 16 October 1812.

Despite its short existence, the court played a significant role in shaping the Polish judicial system by introducing the enduring concept of cassation. The modern Polish Supreme Court traces its legacy to the Court of Cassation.

Stanisław Staszic
Stanisław Wawrzyniec Staszic [staˈɲiswaf ˈstaʂit͡s] (baptised 6 November 1755 – 20 January 1826) was a Polish philosopher and writer. A leading figure in the Polish Enlightenment, he was also a Catholic priest, geologist, poet, translator and statesman. A physiocrat, monist, pan-Slavist (after 1815) and laissez-fairist, he supported many reforms in Poland. He is particularly remembered for his political writings during the "Great (Four-Year) Sejm" (1788–92) and for his large support towards the Constitution of 3 May 1791, adopted by that Sejm.

He co-founded the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning (precursor to the Polish Academy of Sciences), of which he became president. He served as a member of the State Council of the Duchy of Warsaw and as minister of trade and industry in Congress Poland. Staszic is seen as the father of Polish geology, statistics, sociology, Tatra Mountains studies and exploration, mining and industry.
HMS Ambrose
Two ships and a shore establishment of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Ambrose, after Saint Ambrose:

HMS Ambrose (1914) was a cargo liner that was commissioned as an armed merchant cruiser, later converted into a depot ship. She was renamed HMS Cochrane in 1938 and was broken up in 1946.

HMS Ambrose (1939) was the fishing boat Carmania II hired in November 1939 and renamed Ambrose in April 1940. She was returned to her owners in December 1945.

HMS Ambrose (shore establishment) was the Dundee submarine base during World War II. The Dundee International Submarine Memorial has been built there to commemorate the submariners lost during the war from Dundee.

HMS Ambrose (1914)
HMS Ambrose was a steamship that was built in 1903 as a passenger liner. The Booth Steam Ship Company ran her scheduled on services between Liverpool and Brazil until the First World War.

Ambrose was converted into a Royal Navy armed merchant cruiser (AMC) in 1914–15 and then into a submarine depot ship in 1917. After the First World War she supported Royal Navy submarines in the Far East from 1919 until 1928, when she was laid up in the Reserve Fleet.

In 1938 Ambrose was renamed HMS Cochrane and converted into a destroyer depot ship. Cochrane survived the Second World War and was scrapped in 1946.
Edd Bowers
Edd William Bowers (September 4, 1922 – September 16, 2008) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa from 1956 to 1959 and Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa from 1960 to 1978, compiling a career college football coaching record of 89–105–2. Bowers was also the head men's basketball coach at Grinnell from 1973 to 1974.

Mount Pleasant, Iowa
Mount Pleasant is a city in and the county seat of Henry County in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 9,274 in the 2020 census, an increase from 8,668 in the 2010 census. It was founded in 1835 by pioneer Presley Saunders.
Cairo Congress of Arab Music
The Congrès du Caire (First Congress of Arab Music; Arabic: مؤتمر الموسيقى العربية الأول; Mu'tamar al'mūsiqā al-'arabiyya al-awwal) was a large international symposium and music festival that was convened by King Fuad I in Cairo, Egypt, from March 14 to April 3, 1932. The idea had been suggested to Fuad by the French ethnomusicologist Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger, and the congress was the first large-scale forum to present, discuss, document and record the many musical traditions of the Arab world from North Africa and the Middle East.

Symposium
In Ancient Greece, the symposium (Ancient Greek: συμπόσιον, sympósion, from συμπίνειν, sympínein, 'to drink together') was the part of a banquet that took place after the meal, when drinking for pleasure was accompanied by music, dancing, recitals, or conversation. Literary works that describe or take place at a symposium include two Socratic dialogues, Plato's Symposium and Xenophon's Symposium, as well as a number of Greek poems, such as the elegies of Theognis of Megara. Symposia are depicted in Greek and Etruscan art that shows similar scenes.

In modern usage, it has come to mean an academic conference or meeting, such as a scientific conference. The Latin equivalent of a Greek symposium in Roman society is convivium.
Whinhill railway station
Whinhill railway station is a railway station located in the east of the town of Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Inverclyde Line, 2+1⁄4 miles (3.6 km) from Port Glasgow and 22+1⁄2 miles (36.2 km) from Glasgow Central.

Opened in 1990, it is one of the newer stations on the line constructed by British Rail. Its opening made the line available to users in the south-east of Greenock for the first time in almost thirty years, since the closure of Upper Greenock station.

Upper Greenock railway station
Upper Greenock railway station was a railway station serving the town of Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland, originally as part of the Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway and later owned by the Caledonian Railway.
Tijani Kayode Ismail
Tijani Kayode Ismaillistenⓘ (born 02 March 1983) is a Nigerian politician representing the  Offa/Oyun/Ifelodun Federal constituency from Kwara State in the 9th and 10th Assembly.
He contested and won the All Progressives Congress (APC) House of Representatives (Nigeria) ticket in 2019 and successfully defended his seat during the 2023 general election.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Historism
Historism (Italian: storicismo) is a philosophical and historiographical theory, founded in 19th-century Germany (as Historismus) and especially influential in 19th- and 20th-century Europe. In those times there was not a single natural, humanistic or philosophical science that would not reflect, in one way or another, the historical type of thought (cf. comparative historical linguistics etc.). It pronounces the historicity of humanity and its binding to tradition.

Historist historiography rejects historical teleology and bases its explanations of historical phenomena on sympathy and understanding for the events, acting persons, and historical periods. The historist approach takes to its extreme limits the common observation that human institutions (language, Art, religion, law, State) are subject to perpetual change.

Periodization
In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis. This is usually done to understand current and historical processes, and the causality that might have linked those events.

Periodizations can provide a convenient segmentation of time, wherein events within the period might consist of relatively similar characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending of any 'period' is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time and over the course of history. Systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary, yet it provides a framework to help us understand them. Periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, period "brands" are so convenient that many are hard to change.
Ermilo Abreu Gómez
Ermilo Abreu Gómez (September 18, 1894 in Mérida – July 14, 1971 in Mexico City) was a Mexican writer, journalist and lecturer. He was a member of the Mexican Academy of Language from 1963. He was also a professor in several universities in the United States.

Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (variously translated as the Mexican Academy of Language, the Mexican Academy of the Language, the Mexican Academy of Letters, or glossed as the Mexican Academy of the Spanish Language; acronym AML) is the correspondent academy in Mexico of the Royal Spanish Academy. It was founded in Mexico City on 11 September 1875 and, like the other academies, has the principal function of working to ensure the purity of the Spanish language. Academy members have included many of the leading figures in Mexican letters, including philologists, grammarians, philosophers, novelists, poets, historians and humanists.

The Academia Mexicana organized the first Congress of the Spanish Language Academies that was celebrated at Mexico City in April 1951. This gave birth, through its Permanent Commission, to the Association of Spanish Language Academies, confirmed in the second Congress, celebrated in Madrid five years later.
Alardy
Alardy (Ossetian: Аларды, from Georgian: ალავერდობა - Alaverdoba) is a spirit or god of the Ossetian mythology, who inflicts smallpox and measles on children.

In the Nart saga, Alardy appears episodically in different cycles. He protects the Narts from skin diseases or sends them.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Norm Hodgins
Norman Francis Hodgins Jr. (born March 1, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for one season with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football as a wide receiver for the LSU Tigers, scoring one touchdown in 1973. He played 14 games in the NFL for the Bears in 1974 and had three fumble recoveries.

Hodgins was born in New Orleans and attended Archbishop Rummel High School.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Vogrsko
Vogrsko (pronounced [ˈʋoːɡəɾskɔ]; Friulian: Ungrispac, Italian: Voghersca)  is a settlement in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Justus and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

Vipava Valley
The Vipava Valley (pronounced [ʋiˈpaːʋa]; Slovene: Vipavska dolina, German: Wippachtal, Italian: Valle del Vipacco) is a valley in the Slovenian Littoral, roughly between the village of Podnanos to the east and the border with Italy to the west. The main towns are Ajdovščina and Vipava.
Monarchism in Brazil
The political movements for the re-adoption of monarchy in Brazil has taken place as a series of uprisings and political acts, usually in a fragmented way and peripherally to larger causes. It has been fringe historically and remains a small movement to this day. It advocates restoration of the constitutional monarchy under the Brazilian imperial family, a cadet branch of the House of Braganza, which ruled Brazil for 72 years as the kingdom and later Empire of Brazil until the monarchy was abolished in 1889 by a military coup d'état that gave rise to the First Brazilian Republic.

Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)
The Proclamation of the Republic (Portuguese: Proclamação da República) was a military coup d'état that established the First Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889. It abolished the constitutional monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and ended the reign of Emperor Pedro II.

The coup took place in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of the Empire at the time, when a group of military officers of the Imperial Army, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, staged a coup d'état without the use of violence, deposing Emperor Pedro II and the President of the Council of Ministers of the Empire, the Viscount of Ouro Preto.

A provisional government was established that same day, with Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as President of the Republic and head of the interim Government.
Results of the 1877 New South Wales colonial election
The 1877 New South Wales colonial election was for 73 members representing 61 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 8 multi-member districts returning 20 members and 53 single member districts. In the multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 17 districts were uncontested. There was no recognisable party structure at this election.

There were four districts that did not have a residential or property qualification, Goldfields North (1,200), Goldfields South (1,500), Goldfields West (10,000) and University of Sydney (158). The average number of enrolled voters per seat in the other districts was 2,342 ranging from The Paterson (556) to The Bogan (7,401). The electoral boundaries were established under the Electoral Act 1858 (NSW).

1877 New South Wales colonial election
The 1877 New South Wales colonial election was held between 24 October and 12 November 1877. This election was for all of the 73 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 53 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 12 October 1877 by the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, on the advice of the Premier, Sir John Robertson.

There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system. Although the leaders of the main groupings at this election were Robertson and Sir Henry Parkes, the subsequent government was formed by James Farnell as a compromise Premier. Farnell's government lasted a year and two days.
Oran Park Chargers
The Oran Park-Gregory Hills Chargers Rugby League Club is a rugby league team based in Oran Park, New South Wales, Australia.

The Chargers play in the Group 6 Rugby League competition. In the 2017 season they have teams playing in the Group 6 Second Division Cup Competition, Ladies League Tag Competition as well as a junior side.

Macarthur Rugby League
The Macarthur Conference Rugby League is a senior Rugby league competition in New South Wales, Australia, administered by the New South Wales Rugby League. Formerly known as Group 6 Rugby League, the competition was, until 2019, run under the auspices of the Country Rugby League. The geographical area covered by the former CRL Group 6 takes in much of the Southern Highlands and southern  Macarthur regions of New South Wales, extending from Marulan, New South Wales in the south, to Mount Annan/ the M5 in the north and Warragamba in the west.

The competition features eight grades, with these being First Grade, Reserve Grade, Third Grade, Open Age (Fourths), Women's Tackle, League Tag, Under 20s and Under 18s.
Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam
Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam  (transl. The beginning of an investigation) is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language investigating crime thriller film directed by M. A. Nishad starring Shine Tom Chacko and Vani Viswanath, and also featuring Sshivada, Swasika, Durga Krishna, Anumol, Manju Pillai, Samuthirakani, Mukesh and Nishad.

Vani Viswanath
Vani Viswanath is an Indian actress who predominantly appeared in Malayalam and Telugu films. In 2000, Vani won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress for her performance in Susanna, directed by T. V. Chandran. She was termed as Mollywood's "Action Queen". In 2017, she joined in Telugu Desam Party in Andhra Pradesh.
Joyal
Joyal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Joyal (born 1943), Canadian mathematician

André Joyal (economist), Canadian economist

Dave Joyal (born 1983), American rock drummer

Eddie Joyal (born 1940), Canadian ice hockey player

Glenn Joyal, Manitoba judge

Serge Joyal (born 1945), Canadian senator

Dave Joyal
Dave Joyal is an American musician and former member of Shai Hulud.  Born in Vermont, he grew up in Essex devoting himself to drums at an early age. He uses and endorses Noble & Cooley Drums, Paiste Cymbals, Evans Drumheads and Pro-Mark Drumsticks. He has filled in on occasion for RCA recording artists, Young And Divine in 2010 and The Static Age in 2009. Dave Joyal is also a member of both post-hardcore band Silent Drive and metalcore band Drowningman.
Crochet (surname)
Crochet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cliff Crochet (born 1983), American professional bass fisherman

Évelyne Crochet (born 1934), Franco-American classical pianist

Garrett Crochet (born 1999), American professional baseball pitcher

Cliff Crochet
Cliff Crochet (born August 1, 1983), also known as "The Cajun Baby", is an American professional bass fisherman from Pierre Part, Louisiana. Crochet is a competitor on Bass Angler Sportsman Society's (B.A.S.S.) Bassmaster Elite Series and has $478,078 in B.A.S.S. tournament winnings as of February 13, 2018. Crochet's sponsors include: K2 Coolers, Huk, Skeeter, Yamaha Motor Company, Lowrance Electronics, DUCE Rods, Luck E Strike, Seaguar, Rat-L-Trap, Santone Lures, Plenum, Power-Pole, and Classic Fiberglass. Since 2010, Crochet has competed in four Bassmaster Classic tournaments. Crochet's boat for the 2018 season is a 2018 Skeeter FX 21 with a 250 hp Yamaha SHO outboard engine.
David Rintoul
David Rintoul (né  Wilson; 29 November 1948) is a Scottish stage and television actor. Rintoul was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, and won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London.

Captain Pugwash
Captain Pugwash is a fictional pirate who appears in a series of British children's comic strips, books and television shows created by John Ryan.

The eponymous hero – Captain Horatio Pugwash – sails the high seas in his ship called the Black Pig, assisted by cabin boy Tom, pirates Willy and Barnabas, and Master Mate. His mortal enemy is Cut-Throat Jake, captain of the Flying Dustman.
Vudhijaya Chalermlabha
Admiral Prince Vudhijaya Chalermlabh, Prince of Singha (5 December 1883 – 18 October, 1947) was a member of Chakri Dynasty. He served as Minister of Defence and commander of Royal Thai Army between 1931 and 1932. Before then he served as the Minister of the Navy of Royal Thai Navy between 1924 and 1932.

He had trained in the British Royal Navy and was serving as a midshipman in the Mediterranean when in April 1904 he was rescued from drowning off the coast of Sardinia by the efforts of Captain Christopher Cradock of HMS Bacchante.

Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย, RTGS: kong thap ruea thai) is the naval warfare force of Thailand. Established in 1906, it was modernised by the Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse (1880–1923) who is known as the father of the Royal Navy. It has a structure that includes the naval fleet, Royal Thai Marine Corps, and Air and Coastal Defence Command. The RTN headquarters is at Sattahip Naval Base.

The navy operates three naval area commands (NAC): Northern Gulf of Thailand (First NAC); Southern Gulf of Thailand (Second NAC); and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) (Third NAC). RTN also has two air wings and one flying unit on its aircraft carrier.
Leckhampstead
Leckhampstead is the name of more than one place.  It is an Anglo-Saxon name, meaning 'homestead where leeks are grown'.

In the United Kingdom:

Leckhampstead, Berkshire

Leckhampstead, Buckinghamshire

Leckhampstead, Berkshire
Leckhampstead is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England in the North Wessex Downs.  A road and boundary stone in Leckhampstead, the Hangman's Stone and Hangman's Stone Lane, are named after a tale of a man who roped and carried a stolen sheep from a farm in Leckhampstead around his neck, but which strangled him after he stopped and slept.  After a long hiatus the area returned to full village status in 1864.  Its hamlet of Hill Green has six listed buildings and the amenities of the village include a public house, church and village hall. The associated hamlet of Leckhampstead Thicket has a high proportion of its buildings that are thatched cottages and has a Primitive Methodist chapel, dated 1874.
A Radiant Girl
A Radiant Girl (French: Une jeune fille qui va bien, lit. 'A young girl who is doing well') is a 2021 French drama film written and directed by Sandrine Kiberlain in her feature directorial debut. The film stars Rebecca Marder as a young Jewish girl aspiring to become an actress during the occupation of France. The film premiered in the Critics' Week section of the 2021 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Caméra d'Or.

Caméra d'Or
The Caméra d'Or ("Golden Camera") is an award of the Cannes Film Festival for the best first feature film presented in one of the Cannes selections (Official Selection, Directors' Fortnight or Critics' Week).

The prize was created in 1978 by Gilles Jacob, and is awarded during the festival's closing ceremony by an independent jury.