hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kuratowski convergence
In mathematics, Kuratowski convergence or Painlevé-Kuratowski convergence is a notion of convergence for subsets of a topological space. First introduced by Paul Painlevé in lectures on mathematical analysis in 1902, the concept was popularized in texts by Felix Hausdorff and Kazimierz Kuratowski.  Intuitively, the Kuratowski limit of a sequence of sets is where the sets "accumulate".

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Cochrane District
Cochrane District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1921 from parts of Timiskaming and Thunder Bay districts.

In 2021, the district's population was 77,963, with a land area of 141,268.51 km2 (54,544.08 sq mi), making it slightly smaller than the US state of Michigan and the second largest district in Ontario after Kenora District. The district seat is Cochrane.

Bennet Lake Esker Kame Complex Conservation Reserve is located in Cochrane District.

Kenora District
Kenora District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The district seat is the City of Kenora.

It is geographically the largest division in Ontario: at 407,213.01 square kilometres (157,225.82 sq mi), it covers 38 percent of the province's area, making it larger than Newfoundland and Labrador, and slightly smaller than Sweden or roughly the land size of California. Kenora District also has the lowest population density of any of Ontario's census divisions (it ranks 37th out of 50 by total population).

The district was created in 1907 from parts of Rainy River District. The northern part (north of the Albany River) only became part of Ontario in 1912 (transferred from the Northwest Territories). The separate Patricia District upon transfer, it was in 1937 annexed to Kenora District and known sometimes as the Patricia Portion.
Saqlain Mushtaq
Saqlain Mushtaq (born 29 December 1976) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer who was the head coach of the Pakistani national cricket team between 2021 and 2022. He is best known for pioneering the "doosra", a leg break delivery bowled with an off break action. He was the fastest to reach the milestones of 200 and 250 wickets in ODIs. Mushtaq was the first Pakistani to take a hat-trick at a Cricket World Cup, which he did against Zimbabwe during the 1999 tournament.

A right-arm off break bowler, Saqlain played 49 Test matches and 169 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Pakistan between 1995 and 2004. He took 208 Test and 288 ODI wickets and also scored a Test match century, against New Zealand, in March 2001. Until 2016, Saqlain was the fastest bowler in the history of ODI cricket to take 100 wickets.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Alpine skiing at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics – Girls' combined
The girls' combined competition of the alpine skiing events at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, was held on January 15, at the Patscherkofel. 42 athletes from 35 countries took part in this event.

Patscherkofel
Patscherkofel is a mountain and ski area in the Alps, in Tyrol in western Austria, 7 km (4 mi.) south of Innsbruck. The peak rises to a summit elevation of 2,246 m (7,369 ft) above sea level. The town of Igls at its northwest base is at 870 m (2,854 ft), a vertical drop of 1,376 m (4,514 ft).
Hoeven's snake eel
Hoeven's snake eel (Pisodonophis hoeveni) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1853, originally under the genus Ophisurus. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from three specimens found in the Indo-Western Pacific, including Sulawesi, Indonesia, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It is known to inhabit shallow water and lagoons. Males are known to reach a total length of 22 centimetres (8.7 in).

Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (Arabic: خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān; Persian: دریای عمان daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran (Arabic: خلیج مکران khalīj makrān; Persian: دریای مکران daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.
Khiji Chandeshwori Airport
Khiji Chandeswori Domestic Airport (also known as Khiji Demba Airport) is a domestic airport in Khiji Chandeshwari in Okhaldhunga District in Koshi Province  in Nepal.  The airport is being constructed with the joint effort of Khijidemba Rural Municipality and the provincial government.

Okhaldhunga District
Okhaldhunga District (Nepali: ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with the municipality of Okhaldhunga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,074.5 km2 (414.9 sq mi) and had a population of 156,702 in 2001 and 147,984 in 2011.

Okhaldhunga is the birthplace of Siddhicharan Shrestha. Shrestha, known as the Yug Kawi of Nepal (poet of the era), is a famous Nepali poet and is primarily known for his poem and song Mero Pyāro Okhalḍhungā (My dear Okhaldhunga).
2011 Ms. Olympia
The 2011 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition and part of Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend 2011 was held on September 16, 2011, at the South Hall in the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada and in the Orleans Arena at The Orleans Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada.  It was the 32nd Ms. Olympia competition held.  Other events at the exhibition included the 212 Olympia Showdown, Mr. Olympia, Fitness Olympia, Figure Olympia, and Bikini Olympia contests.

Orleans Arena
Orleans Arena is a 9,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Paradise, Nevada, in the Las Vegas Valley.  It is located at the Orleans Hotel and Casino and is operated by Coast Casinos, a subsidiary of Boyd Gaming Corporation.

The arena is the home to the Vegas Rollers of World TeamTennis since 2019. It is also an occasional home for the UNLV Rebels basketball team when the Thomas & Mack Center is in use. The arena was the home of the Las Vegas Wranglers ice hockey team from 2003 to 2014, the Las Vegas Gladiators arena football team in 2007, as well as the Las Vegas Sin women's football team.

In 2020, the Vegas Golden Knights announced it was purchasing and relocating an American Hockey League (AHL) franchise. The Henderson Silver Knights played two seasons at Orleans Arena until the club's new 6,000-seat arena was completed in Henderson, Nevada in March 2022.
Ioannis Sofianopoulos
Ioannis Sofianopoulos (Greek: Ιωάννης Σοφιανόπουλος; 10 August 1887 – 27 July 1951) was a Greek politician.

Born in Sopoto, Kalavryta, to the lawyer Andreas Sofianopoulos and Athena Papageorgiou, he studied Law at the University of Athens. During the 1920s, he visited various parts of the Balkans describing his impressions in a series of articles and books. He was elected a member of parliament for the Serres constituency in the 1933 Greek election, representing the Farmers' Party. He served twice as Foreign Minister of Greece between 1945 and 1946. From 1950 to 1951 he served again as a member of parliament, representing the Democratic Alignment.

Democratic Alignment (1950)
The Democratic Alignment (Greek: Δημοκρατική Παράταξη, ΔΠ; DP) was a coalition of left-wing parties in Greece in the 1950s. It was established in order to participate in the 1950 elections and was formed by the Socialist Party led by Alexandros Svolos and the Left Liberals led by Stamatis Hatzibeis. The coalition was also supported by the outlawed Communist Party.

In the elections the coalition received 9.7% of the vote and won 18 seats. Prior to the 1951 elections the coalition merged into United Democratic Left.
183rd Street station (New York Central Railroad)
The 183rd Street station was a station on the New York Central Railroad's Harlem Line, serving the neighborhoods of Fordham, Tremont and Belmont in the Bronx, New York City. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad also ran through this station but did not stop here.

Fordham, Bronx
Fordham is a neighborhood located in the western Bronx, New York City. Fordham is roughly bordered by East 196th Street to the north, the Harlem River to the west, Fordham Road to the south, and Southern Boulevard to the east. The neighborhood's primary thoroughfares are Fordham Road and Grand Concourse.

Fordham is located within Bronx Community Board 5 and Bronx Community Board 7, and its ZIP Codes include 10453, 10457, 10458 and 10468. Its main subway line is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating under the Grand Concourse, with the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train) on its western border.  The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. The neighborhood is home to the original, Rose Hill campus of Fordham University.
On the Track (short story collection)
On the Track (1900) is a collection of short stories by Australian poet and author Henry Lawson. It was released in hardback by Angus and Robertson in 1900, and features one of the author's better known stories in "Bill, the Ventriloquial Rooster", as well as a number of lesser known works.

The collection contains nineteen stories which are mostly reprinted from a variety of newspaper and magazine sources, with several published here for the first time.

Angus & Robertson
Angus & Robertson (A&R) is a major Australian bookseller, publisher and printer. As book publishers, A&R has contributed substantially to the promotion and development of Australian literature. The brand currently exists as an online shop owned by online bookseller Booktopia. The Angus & Robertson imprint is still seen in books published by HarperCollins, a News Corporation company.
Ernesto Caffo
Ernesto Caffo (born 16 May 1950, Modena) is the founder and President of SOS Il Telefono Azzurro Onlus and Fondazione Child. He is a Chair Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, full-time Director of the Department of Paediatrics for the Hospital of University of
Modena, and director of the 6th edition of the Master Assessment and Intervention in situations of child abuse and pedophilia at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in Europe, founded in 1175, with a population of 20,000 students.

The medieval university disappeared by 1338 and was replaced by "three public lectureships" which did not award degrees and were suspended in the 1590s "for lack of money". The university was not reestablished in Modena until the 1680s and did not receive an imperial charter until 1685.

Some famous students who attended the university include Ludovico Antonio Muratori, a noted Italian historian and scholar who graduated in 1694, the playwright Carlo Goldoni in the 17th century and, in the last century, Sandro Pertini, who became President of the Italian Republic.
Erenköy railway station
Erenköy station (Turkish: Erenköy garı) is a railway station in Kadıköy, Istanbul. Between 1969 and 2013, it was a station on the Haydarpaşa suburban to Gebze and starting on 10 March 2019, a station on the Marmaray commuter rail system.

The station was originally opened on 22 September 1872 by the Ottoman government as part of the railway from Istanbul to İzmit. Erenköy station was expanded in 1949 by the Turkish State Railways to accommodate more traffic.

Haydarpaşa suburban
The Haydarpaşa suburban (Turkish: Haydarpaşa banliyösü), also known as the Haydarpaşa-Gebze line (Turkish: Haydarpaşa-Gebze hattı) and numbered as B2, was a commuter rail line operated by the Turkish State Railways, between Haydarpaşa Terminal in Kadıköy to Gebze. Since its opening in 1951, it was the busiest commuter rail line and busiest TCDD service in Turkey, until it was discontinued in 2013.

Electrified in 1969, the line was the second electrified commuter rail service in Turkey, after the Istanbul suburban, operating across the Bosphorus.

The route traversed the southern shore of Istanbul's Asian side, passing through important districts: Kadıköy, Maltepe, Kartal, Pendik and Tuzla. The line then crosses into the Kocaeli Province into Gebze, where it terminates. The State Railways has operated its regional service to Adapazarı and mainline service to Ankara on the line as well, making it one of the busiest rail lines in Turkey, in terms of passengers and number of trains.
Nerantzis
Nerantzis (Greek: Νεράντζης) is a Greek surname, with the feminine form being Nerantzi (Νεράντζη). The name is derived from the bitter orange (Greek: Νεραντζιά). Notable people with this surname include:

Anastasios Nerantzis, Greek politician (1944–2021)

Pavlos Nerantzis, Greek commander in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897 (died 1911)

Susanna Nerantzi, 19th century Greek pianist and composer

Anastasios Nerantzis
Anastasios (Tasos) Nerantzis (Greek: Αναστάσιος (Τάσος) Νεράντζης; 3 October 1944 – 11 July 2021) was a Greek attorney and politician.

A co-founder of the New Democracy party, he was a long-standing member of the Hellenic Parliament, governor of Samos and Lesbos prefectures, and held various posts as deputy minister in the first Karamanlis government (2004–07). Having dropped out of the Hellenic Parliament in 2014, he remained Secretary-General of the Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy.
Armenians in Russia
Armenians in Russia or Russian Armenians (Armenian: Հայերը Ռուսաստանում, romanized: Hayery Rrusastanum; Russian: Армяне в России, romanized: Armyane v Rossii) are one of the country's largest ethnic minorities and the largest Armenian diaspora community outside Armenia. The 2010 Russian census recorded 1,182,388 Armenians in the country. Various figures estimate that the ethnic Armenian population in Russia is actually more than 2 million. Armenians populate various regions, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Krasnodar Krai in the North Caucasus and as far as Vladivostok in the East.

Comedy Club (TV program)
Comedy Club is a Russian stand-up comedy TV show broadcast by the Russian TNT channel since January, 2001.

Long-time residents of the club are Garik Martirosyan, Timur Batrutdinov, Garik Kharlamov, Pavel Volya, Alexandr Revva, Marina Kravets and others. The show host is Garik Martirosyan.

Comedy Club headquarters is located in Moscow.
New World crops
New World crops are those crops, food and otherwise, that are native to the New World (mostly the Americas) and were not found in the Old World before 1492 AD. Many of these crops are now grown around the world and have often become an integral part of the cuisine of various cultures in the Old World. Notable among them are the "Three Sisters": maize, winter squash, and climbing beans.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Tracks in the Snow (1985 film)
Tracks in the Snow (Dutch: Pervola, sporen in de sneeuw, also known as Pervola) is a 1985 Dutch drama film written and directed by Orlow Seunke. It was entered into the main competition at the 42nd Venice International Film Festival and won the Golden Calf Special Jury Prize at the Netherlands Film Festival.

42nd Venice International Film Festival
The 42nd annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 26 August to 6 September 1985.

Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was Vagabond directed by Agnès Varda.
Playa de Getares
Playa de Getares is a beach in the municipality of Algeciras, southeastern Spain. It overlooks the Bay of Gibraltar about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the city of Algeciras, between Punta San García and Punta Carnero, where the cliffs begin on the Strait of Gibraltar. It is approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) in length and 40 metres (130 ft) wide on average.

The name comes from a Roman fish salting factory which was located in the old Roman town in the vicinity of Caetaria, and was called Cetares, and then Xetares during the Middle Ages, named in the chronicles of Alfonso XI. The whole beach is surrounded by terraced housing developments and has a promenade with bars and restaurants.

Alfonso XI of Castile
Alfonso XI (11 August 1311 – 26 March 1350), called the Avenger (el Justiciero), was King of Castile and León. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313.

Once Alfonso was declared an adult in 1325, he began a reign that would serve to strengthen royal power and became known for his victory in the Battle of Rio Salado. While leading a siege against Yusuf I of Granada, he died of the plague in Gibraltar.
Outline of civil law (common law)
In common law jurisdictions such as England, Wales, and the United States, civil law refers to the branch of law that deals with non-criminal matters, including disputes between private individuals or organizations. This usage differs from that in civil law jurisdictions such as France, Germany, and China, where civil law refers to the codified legal system derived from Roman law. Within common law systems, civil law encompasses areas such as contracts, torts, and property, and may be divided into substantive and procedural law. Its primary concern is the rights and duties of individuals among themselves. Civil proceedings are generally intended to obtain compensation or another remedy, distinguishing them from criminal proceedings, which aim to impose punishment, though exemplary or punitive damages may occasionally be awarded in civil cases.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Kris Vriend
Kris Vriend née Hodgins (born 23 June 1972) is a retired Paralympic athlete from Canada competing mainly in category F35 discus throw events.

Kris competed in the discus in the 1996 Summer Paralympics winning the bronze medal. She competed in the shot put and discus at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics but she failed to win another medal. As well as competing at the Paralympics, she is also a two-time World champion in shot put including three World silver medals in the discus and javelin throw.

World Para Athletics Championships
The World Para Athletics Championships, known as the IPC Athletics World Championships prior to 2017, are a biennial Paralympic athletics event organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It features athletics events contested by athletes with physical disabilities. The first IPC Athletics World Championships were held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

They are a Paralympic parallel to the World Athletics Championships for able-bodied athletes. Since 2011, when they switched from a quadrennial scheduling to biennial, the IPC championships have been held in the same years as the IAAF championships, although they are separate events and are not necessarily held in the same host city. In 2017, London, which previously hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics, became the first city to host both the IAAF World Championships and World Para Athletics Championships in the same year and as connected events.
Asunción Acosta
Asunción Acosta Galano (born 10 May 1954) is a retired Cuban sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1975 Pan American Games.

Her personal best in the 400 metres is 52.9 set in 1975.

Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres
These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. The competition was held on 2 & 7 of September.  The favorite coming into the Olympics was Monika Zehrt of East Germany who equaled the world record in the previous July.  The other world record holder was Marilyn Neufville of Jamaica, who was also favored to win, but was injured and unable to compete. This left the field open to challenge the world record holder for the top prize.