hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ing Hay
Ing Hay (also known as Doc Hay; c. 1862 – 1952), was a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and an early Chinese American who immigrated to the United States in 1887. He was known in Oregon for treating patients with herbal remedies, and for being a partner in the Kam Wah Chung Company Building.

Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla (/ˌwɑːlə ˈwɑːlə/ WAH-lə WAH-lə) is a city in and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 34,060 at the 2020 census, estimated to have decreased to 33,339 as of 2023. The combined population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of College Place and unincorporated Walla Walla East, is about 45,500.

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from Portland, Oregon, and four and a half hours from Seattle. It is located only 6 mi (10 km) north of the Oregon border.
Curl PEI
Curl PEI, formerly known as Prince Edward Island Curling Association, is the regional governing body for the sport of curling in Prince Edward Island. As one of 14 regional associations within Curling Canada, the organization runs the provincial championships that determine who represents the province in the national championships.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Dichagyris flammatra
Dichagyris flammatra, the black collar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in central and southern Europe, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, western Siberia, Armenia, the Caucasus, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Tibet, Afghanistan and northern India.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
1910 VFA season
The 1910 VFA season was the 34th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

The premiership was won by the North Melbourne Football Club, after it defeated Brunswick by 29 points in the 1910 VFA Grand Final. It was the club's third premiership, and the first since it was reformed after briefly ceasing to exist in 1908.

1908 VFA season
The 1908 Victorian Football Association season was the 32nd season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Footscray Football Club, after it defeated Brunswick in the final by 24 points. It was the fourth premiership won by the club.

The season was preceded by a tumultuous off-season, in which the Richmond Football Club left the Association in favour of the rival Victorian Football League, and both North Melbourne and West Melbourne were banished from the Association for attempting to do likewise.
Jordan Yale Levine
Jordan Yale Levine (born January 7, 1985) is an American film producer and founding partner of Yale Productions. He has worked as a producer on a number of films, including King Cobra by director Justin Kelly, and After Everything by directors Hannah Marks and Joey Power.

Hannah Marks
Hannah Marks (born April 13, 1993) is an American actress, writer, and director. She is best known for directing the films After Everything (2018), Don't Make Me Go (2022), and Turtles All the Way Down (2024); as well as co-starring and executive producing the cult hit Dinner in America (2020). She also played Amanda Brotzman on the television series Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (2016–2017).
Tuas View
Tuas View is an industrial area in the south-westernmost region of Singapore.

It is located to the south-west of Tuas Crescent and Tuas South Avenue 5.

It is a reclaimed land of 2,880 ha size.

It is home to some of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer. The Tuas Marine Transfer Station located on the western shores will transport the island's incinerated wastes to Pulau Semakau for landfills. Furthermore, the world's largest tunnel for storage of oil is being built in the south of extension. Two of the four incinerators in Singapore are also located in Tuas View. Currently land reclamation is being carried out in the southern side of Tuas View in which it will stretch near to the sea border with Indonesia and it will be the southernmost point of Singapore mainland.

Pulau Semakau
Pulau Semakau (or Semakau Island) is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. The Semakau Landfill is located on the eastern side of the island, and was created by the amalgamation of Pulau Sakeng (also known as Pulau Seking), and "anchored" to Pulau Semakau. The Semakau Landfill is Singapore's first offshore landfill and now the only remaining landfill in Singapore.
W. Thomas Smith Jr.
W. Thomas Smith Jr. (born April 30, 1959) is an American author, editor, and journalist. He has written several books. His articles have appeared in many newspapers and magazines.
Smith is executive editor of World Defense Review, a columnist with Townhall.com, and a former contributor to National Review Online.

Townhall
Townhall is an American conservative website, print magazine and radio news service. The website features more than 80 columns (both syndicated and exclusive) by a variety of writers and commentators.

Townhall provides five minute radio newscasts around the clock, detailing national and world news items.  These newscasts air hourly on Salem-owned radio stations, Salem Radio Network affiliates, and on Sirius XM Patriot Channel 125.

Townhall Media, now a subsidiary of Salem Media Group, announced January 20, 2026 the appointment of radio personality Larry O’Connor as editor of Townhall.com.
John Milne (British Army officer)
Major-General John Milne, CB (born 13 October 1946) is a former senior British Army officer. He was Commander of the 1st Artillery Brigade from 1992 to 1993; Director of Army Recruiting from 1994 to 1997; Deputy Commander of Logistics for the Stabilisation Force in Bosnia Herzegovina in 1997; Director for Support, Allied Land Forces, Central Europe (1998–99) and Chief of Staff, Kosovo Force, Pristina (1999–2000). He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 2000 and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery in 2001 (retiring in 2007); between 2001 and 2008, he was also Registrar of St Paul's Cathedral.

Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian War. It was authorised by Security Council Resolution 1088 on 12 December 1996. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It was replaced by EUFOR Althea in December 2004.
514 Cherry
The 514 Cherry was a streetcar route of the Toronto streetcar system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that operated from June 19, 2016, until October 7, 2018. The 514 operated through the financial district and downtown Toronto between Dufferin Gate Loop and the Distillery Loop. It used to supplement with the 504 King service along King Street, specifically to the dense residential areas in Liberty Village, the Canary District and the Distillery District. The City of Toronto's "King Street Visioning Study" proposed a transit and pedestrian corridor through which this route would operate.

The 514 Cherry route was replaced by two overlapping branches of the 504 King route, one (504A) serving the Distillery District, and the other (504B) serving Dufferin Gate at Exhibition Place.

Liberty Village
Liberty Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  It is bordered to the north by King Street West, to the west by Dufferin Street, to the south by the Gardiner Expressway, to the east by Strachan Avenue, and to the northeast by railway tracks.
Mark Strama
Thomas Mark Strama (born September 10, 1967) is an American businessman and politician who is the Director of the Annette Strauss Institute and a professor in the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin. A member of the Democratic Party, Strama represented the 50th district in the Texas House of Representatives from 2005 to 2013.

He served as chairman of the House Committee on Technology, Economic Development & Workforce and on the House Committee on Energy Resources. Regarded by many as a rising star in the Democratic Party, he stunned the political world when he resigned from his seat in the Texas House to become the head of Google Fiber in Austin. Strama was also a major factor in the success of the world's only major public election ever held on the internet, the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary.

Moody College of Communication
The Moody College of Communication is the communication college at The University of Texas at Austin. The Moody College of Communication operates out of the Jesse H. Jones Communication Complex and the Dealey Center for New Media, which opened in November 2012.
Elephant, Pennsylvania
Elephant is an unincorporated community in Bedminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States, on the southeastern side of Lake Nockamixon. It is two miles northeast of the junction of Pennsylvania Routes 313 and 563. It is also a four building town, which includes a barn that has collapsed It is served by the Perkasie post office, which uses the Zip Code of 18944.

Pennsylvania Route 563
Pennsylvania Route 563 (PA 563) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The route runs 21.15 mi (34.04 km) from PA 63 in Upper Salford Township in Montgomery County northeast to PA 412 in Nockamixon Township in Bucks County. Along the way, the route passes through the northern part of Perkasie and forms a concurrency with PA 313 in East Rockhill Township. North of here, PA 563 runs through Nockamixon State Park, heading to the northwest of Lake Nockamixon.

PA 563 was first created in 1928 to connect Bergey to Harrow, following its current alignment to PA 313 before continuing straight along Ridge Road and continuing to PA 412. By 1940, construction of the road into a state highway was completed. In the early 1970s, PA 563 was moved to its current alignment north of PA 313 as a result of the creation of Lake Nockamixon, which severed the original alignment.
West Nile virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, from the genus Orthoflavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species of Culex. The primary hosts of WNV are birds, so that the virus remains within a "bird–mosquito–bird" transmission cycle. The virus is genetically related to the Japanese encephalitis family of viruses. Humans and horses both exhibit disease symptoms from the virus, and symptoms rarely occur in other animals.

West Nile virus was not named directly after the Nile River, but after the West Nile district of Uganda where the virus was first isolated in 1937.

Barbary macaque
The Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)  is a macaque species native to the Atlas Mountains of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, along with a small introduced population in Gibraltar. It is the type species of the genus Macaca. From the Early Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene, until around 85-40,000 years ago, it was widely distributed in Europe. Today, the Barbary macaques in Gibraltar are the only Old World monkeys in Europe. About 300 individuals live on the Rock of Gibraltar. This population appears to be stable or increasing, while the North African population is declining.

The diet of the Barbary macaque consists primarily of plants and insects. Males play an atypical role in rearing young. Because of uncertain paternity, males are integral to raising all infants. Generally, both sexes and all ages contribute in alloparental care of the young. Males live to around 25 years old while females may live up to 30 years.
Loving You Still
"Loving You Still" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia, recorded for her self-titled studio album (1998). Written and produced by Daryl Simmons, "Loving You Still" is pop ballad with contemporary R&B and soft latin pop influences featuring an instrumentation consisting essentially of flamenco guitars and castanets. Lyrically, the track finds the female protagonist still pines for her former love interest. The song was released as third single from Tamia in the United States, where it reached number 78 on the US Billboard Hot R&B Singles & Tracks chart.

Latin pop
Latin pop (Spanish: pop latino), also referred to as Spanish-language pop (Spanish: pop en español), is a subgenre of popular music defined primarily as pop music performed in Spanish. While its foundation lies in the structural and commercial conventions of international pop music—memorable melodies, rhythmic regularity, electric instrumentation, and broad appeal—it is often enriched by stylistic influences from Latin American and Iberian musical traditions.

Emerging from Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop remains distinct from other Latin genres such as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, and dance, though it may incorporate elements of these styles. In this sense, the fusion with Latin or Hispanic folk genres is characteristic but secondary to its central definition as pop music in Spanish.
Dhaka–Bhanga Expressway
The Dhaka–Bhanga Expressway, officially Dhaka–Mawa–Bhanga Expressway, is the first national expressway in Bangladesh. It is operated by the Road Transport and Highways Division. The express will be connected to Asian Highway 1. In 2022, it was officially named after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who were ousted in 2024. After the successful Student-People's uprising in the year, locals tore down the expressway's official nameplate and hung a banner in the name of Islamic prophet Ibrahim. In 2025, its official name was changed to the present name.

Road Transport and Highways Division
Road Transport and Highways Division (সড়ক পরিবহন ও মহাসড়ক বিভাগ) is a Bangladeshi government division under the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges responsible for roads and highways. The division is headed by Md. Ehsanul Haque.
Sarah Gilbert
Dame Sarah Catherine Gilbert DBE FRS (born April 1962) is an English vaccinologist who is a Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Oxford and co-founder of Vaccitech. She specialises in the development of vaccines against influenza and emerging viral pathogens. She led the development and testing of the universal flu vaccine, which underwent clinical trials in 2011.

In January 2020, she read a report on ProMED-mail about four people in China suffering from a strange kind of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan. Within two weeks, a vaccine had been designed at Oxford against the new pathogen, which later became known as COVID-19. On 30 December 2020, the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine she co-developed with the Oxford Vaccine Group was approved for use in the UK. More than 3 billion doses of the vaccine were supplied to countries worldwide.

Nature Medicine
Nature Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of medicine. It was established in 1995. The journal seeks to publish research papers that "demonstrate novel insight into disease processes, with direct evidence of the physiological relevance of the results". Nature Medicine also publishes reviews, perspectives and other content commissioned from leading scientists in their fields. As with other Nature journals, there is no external editorial board, with editorial decisions being made by an in-house team, although peer review by external expert referees forms a part of the review process. The editor-in-chief is João Monteiro.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 58.7, ranking it 1st out of 296 journals in the category "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".
The table below provides a detailed overview of recent bibliometric indicators for Nature Medicine:
Lignereux
Lignereux is a French company, founded in 1787 by Martin-Eloy Lignereux, which produces objets d'art. Established in Paris and London, Lignereux plays a major role in decorative arts. Lignereux makes objects which are intended for art collectors. In 2015 Lignereux began to produce new objects, decorated by contemporary artists and craftspeople.

Decorative arts
The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose aim is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. This includes most of the objects for the interiors of buildings, as well as interior design, but typically excludes architecture. Ceramic art, metalwork, furniture, jewellery, fashion, various forms of the textile arts and glassware are major groupings.

Applied arts largely overlap with the decorative arts, and in modern parlance they are both often placed under the umbrella category of design. The decorative arts are often categorized in distinction to the "fine arts", namely painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture, which generally produce objects solely for their aesthetic quality and capacity to stimulate the intellect.
Mukah (federal constituency)
Mukah is a federal constituency in Mukah Division (Mukah District & Dalat District), Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1971.

The federal constituency was created in the 1968 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Mukah Division
Mukah Division is one of the twelve administrative divisions in Sarawak, Malaysia. It was established on 1 March 2002 and it has a total area of 6,997.61 square kilometres.

Mukah Division contains five administrative districts: Mukah, Dalat,  Daro, Matu and Tanjung Manis District. The total population is 110,543. The population is culturally mixed, with mostly Melanau, Malay, Iban, and Chinese predominating.
Dying Is Your Latest Fashion
Dying Is Your Latest Fashion is the first full-length album by the American rock band Escape the Fate, released on September 26, 2006, through Epitaph Records. It contains nine new songs and two songs taken from the preceding EP There's No Sympathy for the Dead. "Not Good Enough for Truth in Cliché" and "Situations" were released as singles, with music videos being made for both.

Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam
Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam is a skateboarding video game in the Tony Hawk's series. The game, named after the level "Downhill Jam" from Tony Hawk's Pro Skater, was published by Activision in 2006 as a timed Nintendo exclusive for the Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, and Wii (as a launch title). In 2007, it was published for the PlayStation 2. It is a spin-off in which accompanies the release of Tony Hawk's Project 8, which is conversely available on non-Nintendo systems.

As a departure from Neversoft's Tony Hawk games, Downhill Jam emphasizes gaining speed and racing opponents, as well as competing for high scores and completing goals. This is the only racing title in the series.
Apparent viscosity
In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted η) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:

For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. Apparent viscosity has the SI derived unit Pa·s (Pascal-second), but the centipoise is frequently used in practice: (1 mPa·s = 1 cP).

Shear rate
In physics, mechanics and other areas of science, shear rate is the temporal rate at which a progressive shear strain is applied to some material, causing shearing to the material. Shear rate has quantity dimension of velocity per distance, which simplifies to reciprocal time.
Mary Queen Church, Thoppil
Mary Queen Church, popularly known as Thoppil Palli, is a parish church coming under the Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly. It is situated along Thrikkakkara - Kakkanad road, at Thoppil, in Ernakulam district of the south Indian state of Kerala.

Thrikkakkara
Thrikkakara (Malayalam pronunciation: [t̪r̥ik:aːkaɾa]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is part of the Kochi metropolitan area, and is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) east of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, Thrikkakara has a population of 77,319 people, and a population density of 2,760/km2 (7,100/sq mi).

A major industrial and technological hub, Thrikkakara is home to the Cochin Special Economic Zone, Kochi InfoPark, and the Kochi SmartCity. The Thrikkakara Temple is famous for its legends and celebrations associated with the festival of Onam. The development of Kakkanad in recent years has led to rapid economic growth and further integration of the municipality with the wider Kochi metropolitan area.
Salah Al-Hamdani
Salah Al-Hamdani (Arabic: صلاح الحمداني; born in 1951 in Baghdad), is an Iraqi poet, actor, and playwright.

Imprisoned as a political dissident in the 1970s, he began writing in prison. Some of his writing was published in clandestine journals. He has continued to write, in Arabic and in French, since moving to France, where he been living for three decades. In his work, Al-Hamdani opposed Saddam Hussein's government, and subsequently the United States-led Occupation of Iraq.

He is particularly known in France for his 2003 poem "Baghdad Mon Amour" ("Baghdad My Beloved").

Al-Hamdani also assisted Saad Salman in writing the dialogue of the latter's film Baghdad On/Off, which he appeared in as an actor.

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.