hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas (activist)
William Thomas Hallenback Jr., known as Thomas (March 20, 1947 – January 23, 2009), was an American anti-nuclear activist and simple-living adherent who undertook a 27-year peace vigil – the longest recorded vigil in US history at the time, with the title passing to his co-protester Concepción Picciotto after Thomas' death – in front of the White House.

Simple living
Simple living refers to practices that promote simplicity in one's lifestyle. Common practices of simple living include reducing the number of possessions one owns, depending less on technology and services, and spending less money. In addition to such external changes, simple living also reflects a person's mindset and values. Simple living practices can be seen in history, religion, art, and economics.

Adherents may choose simple living for a variety of personal reasons, such as spirituality, health, increase in quality time for family and friends, work–life balance, personal taste, financial sustainability, increase in philanthropy, frugality, environmental sustainability, or reducing stress. Simple living can also be a reaction to economic materialism and consumer culture. Some cite sociopolitical goals aligned with environmentalist, anti-consumerist, or anti-war movements, including conservation, degrowth, deep ecology, and tax resistance.
Jon D. Glassman
Jon David Glassman (born January 8, 1944) is a former U.S. State Department official. He is best known for having authored the "White Paper" on Communist intervention in El Salvador published by the U.S. State Department in 1981.  Glassman also served as Deputy National Security Advisor for former vice president Dan Quayle.

Glassman currently works as Director of Government Operations, at Northrop Grumman Corporation.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
RC Bystrc
RC Bystrc is a Czech rugby union club in Brno. As the name implies, they are based in the Bystrc district of the city. They currently play in the 1. Liga ragby XV, having won the 1. Liga ragby XV in 2008.2010.2012

Brno-Bystrc
Bystrc (Hantec: Bástr) is a city district of Brno in the Czech Republic. It is entirely made up of the cadastral territory of Bystrc, a former village on the banks of the Svratka river, that was incorporated into the city in 1960. The Brno Zoo, Brno Reservoir, Deer Glen Nature Reserve, Krnovec Nature Reserve, Veveří Castle, Monk's Hill and Kopeček Hill (The highest peak in Brno) are located there.
Sidney William Wooldridge
Professor Sidney William Wooldridge CBE, FRS, FGS (16 November 1900 – 25 April 1963), geologist, geomorphologist and geographer, was a pioneer in the study of the geomorphology of south-east England and the first professor of geography at King's College London. He collaborated with Dudley Stamp and with David Linton.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Strip (Unix)
strip is a shell command for removing information from binary executable programs and object files that is not required for execution – typically including debugging data, symbol tables, relocation information, and other metadata. The resulting file will have a smaller size. This is also known as a stripped binary.

Using strip can enhance the security of an executable by making it more difficult to reverse-engineer. The absence of symbol and debugging information complicates the program analysis of the binary.

The effect of strip can also be achieved via a compiler or linker to perform the same process. For example, in the GNU C compiler (gcc), this is done via the -s option.

The command is available in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like systems. The GNU Project includes an implementation in the GNU Binutils package. The command has been implemented in to other operating systems including Windows.

Binary code
A binary code is the value of a data-encoding convention represented in a binary notation that usually is a sequence of 0s and 1s, sometimes called a bit string. For example, ASCII is an 8-bit text encoding that in addition to the human readable form (letters) can be represented as binary. Binary code can also refer to the mass noun code that is not human readable in nature such as machine code and bytecode.

Even though all modern computer data is binary in nature, and therefore can be represented as binary, other numerical bases may be used. Power of 2 bases (including hex and octal) are sometimes considered binary code since their power-of-2 nature makes them inherently linked to binary. Decimal is, of course, a commonly used representation. For example, ASCII characters are often represented as either decimal or hex. Some types of data such as image data is sometimes represented as hex, but rarely as decimal.
Pakari, Saptari
Pakari  is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,641 people living in 810 individual households.

Sagarmatha Zone
Sagarmāthā Zone (Nepali: सगरमाथा अञ्चल, [sʌgʌrmatʰa ʌnt͡sʌl] ⓘ "Sagarmāthā Anchal") was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. The headquarters of Sagarmatha is Rajbiraj. Sagarmāthā is a Nepali word which as per some sources, is derived from सगर ("sagar", sky) and माथा ("māthā", head).

It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including the world's highest peak Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Kosi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.
James Lord (author)
James Lord (November 27, 1922 – August 23, 2009) was an American writer. He was the author of several books, including critically acclaimed biographies of Alberto Giacometti and Pablo Picasso. He appeared in the documentary films Balthus Through the Looking Glass (1996) and Picasso: Magic, Sex, Death (2001). Lord is also noted for being the subject of one of Giacometti's last portraits, an experience he documented in his 1965 memoir.

John Day Company
The John Day Company was a New York City-based publishing firm that specialized in illustrated fiction and current affairs books and pamphlets from 1926 to 1968. It was founded by Richard J. Walsh in 1926 and named after John Day, the Elizabethan printer. Walsh was the editor and second husband of Pearl S. Buck. The textbook company Intext acquired the John Day Company in 1968. Intext was sold to the Thomas Y. Crowell Co. in 1974.
Kirschweiler
Kirschweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Herrstein-Rhaunen
Herrstein-Rhaunen is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Herrstein. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Herrstein and Rhaunen.

The Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°47′N 7°20′E﻿ / ﻿49.78°N 7.33°E﻿ / 49.78; 7.33
Crooms
Crooms is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Crooms (born 1969), American football player

Harold Crooms (born 1979), American stock car racing driver

Joseph N. Crooms (1880–1957), African-American principal and educator

Harold Crooms
Harold Crooms (born October 24, 1979) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes in the CARS Super Late Model Tour and short track racing divisions, and has also raced in the NASCAR Xfinity Series.
Pacific States University
Pacific States University (PSU) is a private university in Los Angeles, California. Operated by South Korean university Konkuk University, the campus is in the Koreatown neighborhood of Los Angeles. PSU was founded in 1928, and it began offering distance learning in 2003.

PSU is approved by the California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education and is accredited by Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges. It was formerly accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). In 2022, the United States Secretary of Education terminated ACICS' accrediting status.

California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education
The California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE) is a unit of the California Department of Consumer Affairs charged with regulation of private postsecondary educational institutions operating in the state of California.

The BPPE is a regulatory agency, not an accrediting agency. Its primary purpose is to prevent fraudulent diploma mills. BPPE is an authorization for state approval and not an accreditation approval. Institutions that are approved to operate in California by the Bureau still need to separately obtain educational accreditation from national or regional accrediting body recognized by the United States Department of Education for its students to qualify for federal financial aid, such as Pell Grants.
G3511 Heze–Baoji Expressway
The G3511 Heze–Baoji Expressway (Chinese: 菏泽—宝鸡高速公路), also referred to as the Hebao Expressway (Chinese: 菏宝高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Heze, Shandong to Baoji, Shaanxi.

Heze
Heze (Chinese: 菏泽; Chinese: 菏澤; pinyin: Hézé), formerly known as Caozhou, is the westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong province, China, bordering Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively. The total area is 12238.62 square kilometers and the population is 10.58 million. It governs Mudan District and Dingtao District, 2 districts and 7 counties including Caoxian, Chengwu, Shanxian, Juye, Yuncheng, Juancheng and Dongming.

There are more than 100 cultural relics and historic sites in the territory, 6 national-level cultural relics protection units, and 52 provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Places of interest include Caozhou Peony Garden, Yuncheng Water Margin, Sunbin Tourist City, Dingtao Han Tomb, Shanxian Archway, Jinshan Mountain, Fangshan Mountain, Fulong Lake, the scenery of the old Yellow River route, etc.
Blattidae
Blattidae is a cockroach family in the order Blattodea containing several of the most common household cockroaches. Notable species include:

Blatta orientalis: Oriental cockroach,

Common shining cockroach: (Drymaplaneta communis)

Florida woods cockroach: (Eurycotis floridana)

Periplaneta spp: American cockroach, Turkestan cockroach

Botany Bay cockroach: (Polyzosteria limbata)

Australian cockroach

Brown cockroach

Smokybrown cockroach

American cockroach
The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is the largest species of cockroach routinely found in homes, and often considered a pest. In certain regions of the U.S. it is colloquially known as the waterbug, though it is not a true waterbug since it is not aquatic, nor a Hemipteran. It is also known as the ship cockroach, kakerlac, and Bombay canary. It is often misidentified as a palmetto bug.

Despite their name, American cockroaches are native to Africa and the Middle East. They are believed to have been introduced to the Americas only from the 17th century onward as a result of human commercial patterns, including the Atlantic slave trade.
Raufarhöfn Airport
Raufarhöfn Airport (IATA: RFN, ICAO: BIRG) is an airport serving Raufarhöfn, Iceland. The runways are 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the town.

The Raufarhöfn non-directional beacon (Ident: RA) is located 2.8 nautical miles north-northwest of the airport.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Sanctuary of San Úrbez
The Sanctuary of San Úrbez or the Hermitage of San Úrbez (Spanish: Santuario de San Úrbez or Ermita de San Úrbez) was a monastery in Nocito, in the municipality of Nueno in the Province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. It was established in the 12th century on the site of the hermitage of the 9th-century Saint Urbicius (Aragonese: San Úrbez and Spanish: San Urbicio). The church housed his relics, which were almost entirely destroyed in the Spanish Civil War.

42°19′39″N 0°14′25″W﻿ / ﻿42.32750°N 0.24028°W﻿ / 42.32750; -0.24028

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
South Croydon
South Croydon in south London is the area surrounding the valley south of central Croydon and running as far south as the former Red Deer public house on the Brighton Road. It is bounded by Waddon to the West and Selsdon and Sanderstead to the East. It is part of the South Croydon (CR2) post town and in the London Borough of Croydon.

The area was developed in the 19th century out of land lying in two ancient manors, Croham and Haling. The names of these can still be seen in the area today, and the locations of the manor houses can be found in the Croham Manor Road conservation area and in Whitgift School. Much of the land of South Croydon has been associated through the years with the Whitgift Foundation whose charitable work has benefited and influenced Croydon since its foundation in 1596.

John Whitgift
John Whitgift (c. 1530 – 29 February 1604) was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to his death. Noted for his hospitality, he was somewhat ostentatious in his habits, sometimes visiting Canterbury and other towns attended by a retinue of 800 horses. Whitgift's theological views were often controversial.
Mogensen–Scott encoding
In computer science, Scott encoding is a way to represent algebraic data types in the lambda calculus, following their syntactic definition without regard whether they are recursive or not.  This is unlike Church encoding which treats recursive data types specially, representing them with right folds.  The data and operators form a mathematical structure which is embedded in the lambda calculus.

Mogensen–Scott encoding extends and slightly modifies Scott encoding by applying the encoding to Metaprogramming.  This encoding allows the representation of lambda calculus terms, as data, to be operated on by a meta program.

Arity
In logic, mathematics, and computer science, arity (/ˈærɪti/ ⓘ) is the number of arguments or operands taken by a function, operation or relation. In mathematics, arity may also be called rank, but this word can have many other meanings. In logic and philosophy, arity may also be called adicity and degree. In linguistics, it is usually named valency.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England from January 2020 to June 2020. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

NHS England
NHS England is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care. It oversees the budget, planning, delivery and day-to-day operation of the commissioning side of the National Health Service in England as set out in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. It directly commissions NHS general practitioners, dentists, optometrists and some specialist services.

NHS England is due to be absorbed into the Department of Health and Social Care, in a two-year process begun in 2025.
Van Wert County Airport
The Van Wert County Airport (ICAO: KVNW, FAA LID: VNW) is a publicly owned, public use airport located 2 miles southwest of Van Wert in Van Wert County, Ohio. The airport is primarily a general aviation facility and serves small, privately owned aircraft.

The airport partners with Purdue University to be a satellite training facility for aviation, allowing students to earn credits towards a degree.

The airport hosts a regular fly in/cruise in with planes, cars, and motorcycles on display.

Van Wert, Ohio
Van Wert is a city in Van Wert County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located in northwestern Ohio approximately 77 miles (124 km) southwest of Toledo and 34 miles (55 km) southeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The population was 11,092 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Van Wert micropolitan area, which is included in the Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta combined statistical area.

Van Wert is named for Isaac Van Wart, one of the captors of Major John André in the American Revolutionary War. A center of peony cultivation, Van Wert has hosted the annual Van Wert Peony Festival on and off since 1902. Van Wert is home to the first county library in the United States, the Brumback Library.
Arthur Cromarty
Arthur Martin Cromarty (July 3, 1919 – May 1, 2014) was an American jurist.

Born in Brooklyn, New York City, Cromarty received his bachelor's degree from University of Alabama. He then received his law degree from St. John's University School of Law. During World War II, he served in the United States Army Air Forces as a pilot in Europe. Cromarty then practiced law and served in local government. Cromarty was elected to the New York Supreme Court for Suffolk County, New York, serving from 1966 until 1993, and was administrative judge. He died in Florida.

St. John's University School of Law
St. John's University School of Law is a Roman Catholic law school in Jamaica, Queens, New York, United States, affiliated with St. John's University.

The School of Law was founded in 1925, and confers Juris Doctor degrees and degrees for Master of Laws in Bankruptcy and Master of Laws in U.S. Studies. Over 15,000 St. John's Law graduates are practicing law in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. In 2022, 85.53% of the law school's first-time test takers passed a bar exam.
Texas's 80th House of Representatives district
The 80th district of the Texas House of Representatives consists of a portion of Webb County and the entirety of Atascosa County, Dimmit County, Frio County, Uvalde County and Zavala County. The current representative is Don McLaughlin, who has represented the district since 2025.

Atascosa County, Texas
Atascosa County (/ˌætəsˈkoʊsə/ AT-əs-KOH-sə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in South Texas and its county seat is Jourdanton.

As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 48,981.  Atascosa County is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area.
Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Osman Foday Yansaneh
Alhaji Osman Foday Yansaneh is a Sierra Leonean politician who has been Secretary-General of the All People's Congress political party, the ruling party in Sierra Leone, since 2012. Yansaneh is a close ally and senior advisor to President Ernest Bai Koroma.

A Fourah Bay College graduate with a Bachelor of Laws,  Yansaneh is a long time member of the APC party, and was a personal assistant to President Joseph Saidu Momoh, before the Momoh government was overthrown in a 1992 military coup. He served as Sierra Leone's Ambassador to Ghana before he was elected Secretary-General of the APC party in 2012. Yansaneh is a senior member of the APC party, and a member of the APC Advisory Council, which is made up of the most senior members of the APC. Yansaneh is a native of Kamakwie, Karene District in northern Sierra Leone.

Hajji
Hajji (Arabic: الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al-HadjListenⓘ , Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who is attending and performing the Hajj during the specific period to Mecca}}Hajj to Mecca.