hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Davies Court
The Davies Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1918 to 1924, during which Louis Henry Davies served as Chief Justice of Canada. Davies succeeded Charles Fitzpatrick as Chief Justice after the latter's resignation, and held the position until his death on May 1, 1924.

The Davies Court, much like all iterations of the Supreme Court prior to 1949, was largely overshadowed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which served as the highest court of appeal in Canada, and whose decisions on Canadian appeals were binding on all Canadian courts.

The Davies Court continued to face many of the same criticisms as its predecessors, the Ritchie Court, Strong Court, Taschereau Court, and Fitzpatrick Court including the concerns about the quality and partisan nature of the appointments, and the growing political role of the justices.

Statutes of Canada
The Statutes of Canada (SC) compiles, by year, all the laws passed by the Parliament of Canada since Confederation in 1867. They are organized by alphabetical order and are updated and amended by the Government of Canada from time to time. The Revised Statutes of Canada (RSC) consolidates current federal laws in force at the time of publishing, incorporating amendments into acts, adding new substantive acts enacted since the last revision and deleting rescinded acts. The most recent RSC compilation was published in 1985.
Chihuahua Engine
Chihuahua Engine is a 727,000-square-foot (67,500 m2) engine factory in Chihuahua City, Mexico, owned by Ford Motor Company. The plant opened in 1983, encompasses 247 acres, and as of 2010 employs 1,264 workers. In the past it built Ford Penta and Zetec engines but currently builds the 1.5 L EcoBoost 'Dragon' engine, as well as the 2.0 L, 2.0 L HEV, 2.5 L and 2.5 L HEV versions of the Duratec I4. In 2010, the factory added capacity and began building the 6.7 L Power Stroke Diesel used in Ford Super Duty trucks and the 4.4 L diesel V8 for the Land Rover.

Ford Zetec engine
Ford Motor Company used the Zetec name on a variety of inline four-cylinder automobile engines. It was coined to replace "Zeta" on a range of 1.6 L to 2.0 L multi-valve engines introduced in 1991 because Ford was threatened with legal action by Lancia who owned the Zeta trademark. The company used the name widely in European advertising and later introduced it to the North American market with the Contour.

The Zetec name was so widely recognized that Ford decided to apply it to other high-tech four-cylinder engines. It was used across many engine types in Europe even though the original Zeta design ended production in 2004. Ford also used the "Zetec" name for a trim level designation in certain markets.

A Formula One engine was produced for Ford by Cosworth in 1993. The 3.5-litre Zetec R V8 was used by the Benetton team in 1994, and powered Michael Schumacher to his first World Championship title.
VV Nieuwenhoorn
Voetbalvereniging Nieuwenhoorn is a football club based in Nieuwenhoorn, South Holland, Netherlands. Founded in 1929, they are currently members of the Eerste Klasse, the sixth tier of the Dutch football league system. They play their home matches at Sportpark Nieuwenhoorn.

Dutch football league system
The Dutch football league system consists of two fully professional leagues (Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie) and eight levels of amateur football leagues. The three highest amateur leagues, the Tweede, Derde and Vierde Divisie play in nationwide leagues and the five levels below are regional leagues.
2023 AFC Asian Cup Group E
Group E of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup took place from 15 to 25 January 2024. The group consisted of South Korea, Malaysia, Jordan and Bahrain. The top two teams, Bahrain and South Korea, along with third-placed Jordan (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.

Yazan Al-Naimat
Yazan Abdallah Ayed Al-Naimat (Arabic: يزن عبد الله عايد النعيمات; born 4 June 1999), is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Qatar Stars League club Al-Arabi and the Jordan national team.
Paynesville, Western Australia
Paynesville is a ghost town and locality in the Mid West region of Western Australia between the towns of Mount Magnet and Sandstone.

Gold was discovered in 1898 in the immediate area by the prospectors Thomas Payne and Waldeck; Paynes Find is also named after Thomas Payne. The townsite was surveyed in 1898 and was initially known as Paynton and East Mount Magnet and also known as Fords after another prospector who had worked the area.

A local board of Health was established in the town in 1898.

By 1899 the town became known as Paynesville and the town was gazetted in 1900. In 1910 the Sandstone branch railway from Mount Magnet to Black Range was opened with Paynesville having a station on the line.

An ore battery was built close to the town but later moved to Nunngarra in 1904.

At the 2016 Australian census, Paynesville had a population of ten people.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
KJKQ
KJKQ (99.5 FM, "Jack FM") is a radio station licensed to serve Sisseton, South Dakota. The station is owned by Prairie Winds Broadcasting, Inc. It airs an adult hits format.

The station was assigned the KJKQ call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on September 10, 2012.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Thomas Meredith (archdeacon of Singapore)
Thomas Meredith, MA was a Welsh churchman, the  Archdeacon of Singapore from 1892 until 1890.

Meredith was the son of James Meredith of Flintshire, educated at Exeter College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1864, graduating B.A. in 1868, M.A. in 1871,; and was ordained in 1870. After a curacy in Erbistock he was Chaplain to Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 6th Baronet  from 1872 to 1875; and then Curate at Holy Trinity Marylebone before journeying to Singapore in 1880.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
Medullia
Medullia was a town in ancient Latium, Italy.

In Rome's early semi-legendary history, Medullia was one of a number of cities of the Latins who went to war with ancient Rome in the 7th century BC, during the reign of the Roman King Ancus Marcius. The town was the focus of the main part of the war when it was besieged by the Roman army. According to Livy it had a strong garrison and was strongly fortified. The Romans were eventually victorious in the war in a pitched battle outside the town.

Livy also records the town was part of the Latin League which went to war with Rome during the reign of Rome's king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Medullia was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius Priscus.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Yoichi Kato
Yoichi Kato (加藤 陽一, Katō Yōichi, born August 12, 1976 in Ōita) is a former volleyball player from Japan, who was one of the leading players in the Men's National Team in the early 2000s. He played as a wing-spiker. In 2003 he completed his first season for Sisley Treviso, who reached the final of the Italian League.

Ōita (city)
Ōita (大分市, Ōita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.i.ta, oː-, oː.i.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ōita Prefecture, located on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 474,804 in 230,867 households, and a  population density of 950 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 502.38 km2 (193.97 sq mi).
Rookwith
Rookwith is a hamlet and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Bedale and near the flow of the River Ure. The hamlet was mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to Count Alan and having four ploughlands.

The population at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Thirn. The population in 2015 was estimated to be 20.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The name Rookwith derives from the Old Norse hrókrviðr meaning 'rook tree/wood'.

River Ure
The River Ure in North Yorkshire, England, is about 74 miles (119 km) long from its source to the point where it becomes the River Ouse.  It is the principal river of Wensleydale, which is the only major dale now named after a village rather than its river. The old name for the valley was Yoredale after the river that runs through it.

The Ure is one of many rivers and waterways that drain the Dales into the River Ouse. Tributaries of the Ure include the River Swale and the River Skell.
Firat Güder
Firat Güder (FRSC) is a bioengineer, scientist, innovator and educator who is a professor of intelligent interfaces at Imperial College London.

Güder is the Chief Engineer and the Principal Investigator of the Güder Research Group which he founded in 2016 in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial. In 2022, Güder was recognized as one of Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World by Junior Chamber International for his contributions to science and technology, education, innovation and humanitarian efforts.

He was a Research Fellow at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University. His position at Harvard was funded by the German Research Foundation International Fellowship. At Harvard, he worked with George Whitesides.

German Research Foundation
The German Research Foundation (German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft]; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː]) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion.
Tyne Dock
Tyne Dock is a neighbourhood within the town of South Shields, Tyne and Wear, on the south bank of the River Tyne. It takes its name from the large dock on the river which was opened in 1859 by the North Eastern Railway (and acquired by the Tyne Improvement Commission in 1938) to handle Tyneside's coal exports. At its height the trade amounted to seven million tons of coal transported via the four staiths which had been built to facilitate the process. This trade declined in the second half of the twentieth century and the bridges that carried the coal trains into the dock, the  famous Tyne Dock Arches, were demolished from 1977 on. The dock itself has been progressively infilled since closure, allowing for the building of modern storage warehouses. This process concluded with the final 13 acres that were filled in as part of the project to build the second Tyne Tunnel. The Tyne Dock basin was filled with 400,000 cubic metres of sediment dredged from the Tyne.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1959–1964
This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 2 May 1959 election and the 2 May 1964 election. Prior to this election, each of the five Tasmanian seats had been expanded from 6 to 7 members to provide an odd number of members, due mainly to a series of hung parliaments.

1961 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 9 December 1961. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 31 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party under Arthur Calwell, despite losing the two-party-preferred popular vote.

In his first election as Labor leader, Calwell significantly reduced the Coalition's margin, gaining 15 seats to leave the government with only a two-seat majority. This was the first and only time that a Federal Government won a sixth consecutive term in office.

Future opposition leader and Governor General Bill Hayden entered parliament at this election.
Sukha
Sukha (Pali and Sanskrit: सुख) means happiness, pleasure, ease, joy or bliss. Among the early scriptures, 'sukha' is set up as a contrast to 'preya' (प्रेय) meaning a transient pleasure, whereas the pleasure of 'sukha' has an authentic state of happiness within a being that is lasting. In the Pāli Canon, the term is used in the context of describing laic pursuits and meditation.

Pleasure
Pleasure is experience that feels good, that involves the enjoyment of something. It contrasts with pain or suffering, which are forms of feeling bad. It is closely related to value, desire and action: humans and other conscious animals find pleasure enjoyable, positive or worthy of seeking. A great variety of activities may be experienced as pleasurable, like eating, having sex, listening to music or playing games. Pleasure is part of various other mental states such as ecstasy, euphoria and flow. Happiness and well-being are closely related to pleasure but not identical with it. There is no general agreement as to whether pleasure should be understood as a sensation, a quality of experiences, an attitude to experiences or otherwise. Pleasure plays a central role in the family of philosophical theories known as hedonism.
February 1999 Kurdish protests
The February 1999 Kurdish protests were held by Kurds in Turkey, Iran and by the Kurdish diaspora worldwide, after Kurdistan Workers' Party leader Abdullah Öcalan had been captured at the Nairobi airport in Kenya, after having left the Greek embassy, and was brought to Turkey to stand trial for terrorism promoting separatism and treason.

In response to Öcalan's capture, Kurds staged protests in over 20 European cities, as well as in Canada and Australia, attacking Greek, Kenyan and Turkish diplomatic missions worldwide. The Israeli consulate in Berlin was also attacked, after Kurds alleged Israeli involvement in Öcalan's capture.

Since 1999, protests have been held by Kurds in Turkey, on February 15, every single year.

Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad (UK: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, US: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around ₪10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across a variety of locations.
Pete Gowdy
Peter Gowdy is an English singer-songwriter.

Gowdy was the singer-songwriter of the now disbanded London-based rock group, Ivory Circus.  In 2009, Gowdy's song "Turning on My Radio" won XFM London Radio's band competition.   In November 2010, Gowdy was profiled by Future Sounds.

Radio X (United Kingdom)
Radio X is a British national commercial radio station focused on alternative music, primarily indie rock, and owned by Global. The station launched in 1989 as a pirate radio station named Q102, before being renamed Xfm in 1992. The station became a legally licensed London-wide station in 1997, and in 2015 began national broadcasting under the name Radio X.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, Radio X has reached 2.5 millions listeners. The Chris Moyles Show has received 1.1 million listeners, beating Virgin Radio's Chris Evans morning show.
Donald McNabb
Donald McNabb (February 1870 – June 18, 1934) was a politician from Alberta, Canada.

In 1890 he helped form a committee to raise money to buy books, periodicals and furnishings for the Miner's Library in Lethbridge.

McNabb was the first member of a third party to be elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta serving as a Labor member. He was elected by acclamation in January 1909 by-election for Lethbridge.

During his time in the Legislative Assembly he accomplished another first in Alberta. Bill 8 An Act to amend the Lethbridge Charter was the first introduced from the opposition and a third party to receive Royal Assent in the legislature. He also introduced a second bill in the same legislative sitting to get assent, Bill 10 An Act respecting the Galt Hospital.

In the 1909 general election, McNabb ran as a Labour candidate in the new Lethbridge City riding, but was unsuccessful.

In 1912, he chaired the meeting that formed the Alberta Federation of Labour.

Lethbridge City
Lethbridge City was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 1909 to 1921.
German submarine U-3527
German submarine U-3527 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 25 October 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1672. She was launched on 10 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Willy Kronenbitter on 10 March 1945.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Simplicial group
In mathematics, more precisely, in the theory of simplicial sets, a simplicial group is a simplicial object in the category of groups. Similarly, a simplicial abelian group is a simplicial object in the category of abelian groups. A simplicial group is a Kan complex (in particular, its homotopy groups make sense). The Dold–Kan correspondence says that a simplicial abelian group may be identified with a chain complex. In fact it can be shown that
any simplicial abelian group  is non-canonically homotopy equivalent to a product of Eilenberg–MacLane spaces,

A commutative monoid in the category of simplicial abelian groups is a simplicial commutative ring.

Eckmann (1945) discusses a simplicial analogue of the fact that a cohomology class on a Kähler manifold has a unique harmonic representative and deduces Kirchhoff's circuit laws from these observations.

Kirchhoff's circuit laws
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference (commonly known as voltage) in the lumped element model of electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. This generalized the work of Georg Ohm and preceded the work of James Clerk Maxwell. Widely used in electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply Kirchhoff's laws. These laws can be applied in time and frequency domains and form the basis for network analysis.

Both of Kirchhoff's laws can be understood as corollaries of Maxwell's equations in the low-frequency limit. They are accurate for DC circuits, and for AC circuits at frequencies where the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are very large compared to the circuits.
Hemimyzon macroptera
Hemimyzon macroptera is a species of hillstream loach (a ray-finned fish) in the genus Hemimyzon. It is found in clear-water streams with rocky bottom in the Nanpan River basin, Yunnan, China. It is naturally scarce but widespread.

Nanpan River
The Nanpan River (Chinese: 南盘江; pinyin: Nánpán Jiāng) has its source in the Yungui Plateau of eastern Yunnan Province.  It then flows east, forming part of the border between Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. It joins with the Beipan River to become the Hongshui River. It is roughly 950 km (590 mi) long.

Part of the Nanpan River is blocked by the Tianshengqiao Dam (Chinese: 天生桥大坝; pinyin: Tiānshēngqiáo dà bà), from which Wanfeng Lake (Chinese: 万峰湖; pinyin: Wànfēng hú) is formed.

Along the Nanpan river, many ports were owned by the Cen clan who established in Guangxi to suppress a rebellion since 1053 AD.
Late Edition
Late Edition or Late Editions may mean:

late edition of a newspaper, see Newspaper#Zoned and other editions

Late-night news broadcasts in general

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, broadcast on CNN from 1993 to 2009

BBC4's The Late Edition (2005–08)

"Late Editions" episode 9, season 5 of The Wire

Late Night Edition, an Indian late-night television news show broadcast by CNN-News18

The Late Edition
The Late Edition is a British television programme broadcast on BBC Four. It takes the form of a weekly topical chat show in the vein of The Daily Show, presented by comedian Marcus Brigstocke. Each episode typically features comical news commentary from Brigstocke, satirical interviews with fictional political figures played by Steve Furst, 'Andre Vincent investigates' and two "real" interviews.

In 2007, 2008 and 2009, Brigstocke performed a special version of the show at the Edinburgh Fringe called The Early Edition with Andre Vincent.