hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Rail Class 109
The British Rail Class 109 is a class of 2-car diesel multiple units built in 1957 by D Wickham & Co. Five two-car units were built featuring an unusual body design. The design, first used in 1936 for South American railways, aimed to minimise weight. It had no underframe, but the whole body was formed into a welded stress-bearing box girder made of 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) solid drawn steel tube. Aluminium was used for panels, luggage racks, window frames, vacuum pipes and fuel and vacuum tanks. The corrugated steel floor was filled with sprayed asbestos and covered with asbestos-filled flame-proofed hardboard and rubber sheet.

The units soon became non-standard and two were sold back to the manufacturer who exported them to Trinidad and Tobago.  Another unit was converted into departmental service, and survived in BR ownership until the early 1980s.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Social bot
A social bot, refers to fully or partially automated social media accounts designed to perform most regular users’ actions, such as liking, posting content, and chatting with other users. Although their levels of autonomy vary, and often include a human-in-the-loop, social bots can use artificial intelligence to perform social media actions and can use large language models to mimic human dialogue. Social bots can operate alone or in groups that coordinate messaging as part of a network of coordinated inauthentic behavior. Social bots are often used to perform ad fraud by artificially boosting viewership and engagement metrics and to spread disinformation on social media.

Ad fraud
Ad fraud is the practice of fraudulently creating or simulating online advertisement impressions, clicks, conversions, or data events in order to generate revenue. Ad fraud is the categorical term inclusive of all forms of online advertising fraud, including click fraud. While ad fraud is frequently associated with banner ads, video ads, and in-app ads, click fraud has been associated with search marketing, mobile advertising, and conversion fraud with affiliate marketing.

Ad fraud is a type of cybercrime. A successful ad-fraud campaign generally involves a sophisticated combination of identity fraud and attribution fraud: for instance, sending fake traffic through bots using fake social accounts and falsified cookies; bots will click on the ads available on a scam page that is faking a famous brand.
2019–20 FIU Panthers men's basketball team
The 2019–20 FIU Panthers men's basketball team represented Florida International University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Panthers, led by second-year head coach Jeremy Ballard, played their home games at Ocean Bank Convocation Center in Miami, Florida as members of Conference USA. They finished the season 19–13, 9–9 in CUSA play to finish in fifth place. They defeated Rice in the first round of the C-USA tournament and were set to face Charlotte in the quarterfinals before the remainder of the tournament was canceled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

2019–20 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 49ers, led by second-year head coach Ron Sanchez, played their home games at the Dale F. Halton Arena in Charlotte, North Carolina as members of Conference USA (C-USA). They finished the season 16–13, 10–8 in C-USA play, to finish in fourth place. They were set to be the No. 4 seed in the C-USA tournament; however, it was canceled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Corn exchange
A corn exchange is a building where merchants trade grains. The word "corn" in British English denotes all cereal grains, such as wheat and barley; in the United States these buildings were called grain exchanges. Such trade was common in towns and cities across the British Isles until the 19th century, but as the trade became centralised in the 20th century many such buildings were used for other purposes. Several have since become historical landmarks.

In the United States, the Minneapolis Grain Exchange is still used to manage the commodities and futures exchange of grain products.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Mike McCoy (American football coach)
Michael Patrick McCoy (born April 1, 1972) is an American professional football coach and former quarterback who is the assistant head coach for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He has spent time as the quarterbacks coach for the Carolina Panthers and Jacksonville Jaguars, the offensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos and Arizona Cardinals, a senior offensive assistant and the interim head coach of the Tennessee Titans, and the head coach of the San Diego Chargers for four seasons from 2013 to 2016.

Novato, California
Novato (Spanish for "Novatus") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, situated in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. At the 2020 census, Novato had a population of 53,225.
John Colpoys
Admiral Sir John Colpoys, GCB (c. 1742 – 4 April 1821) was a Royal Navy officer who served in three wars but is most notable for being one of the catalysts of the Spithead Mutiny in 1797 after ordering his marines to fire on a deputation of mutinous sailors. Although this event resulted in his removal from active duty, Colpoys was a capable administrator who remained heavily involved in staff duties ashore during the Napoleonic Wars and was later a Lord of the Admiralty, Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath (later a Knight Grand Cross) and Governor of Greenwich Naval Hospital.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
The Erratics
The Erratics is a 2018 memoir by Canadian-Australian author Vicki Laveau-Harvie. The book, which was Laveau-Harvie's first, explores the author's dysfunctional relationship with her mother, who experienced narcissistic personality disorder. The Erratics was the recipient of the 2019 Stella Prize and was shortlisted for the Douglas Stewart Prize for Nonfiction at the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards.

New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
The New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, also known as the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, were first awarded in 1979. They are among the richest literary awards in Australia. Notable prizes include the Christina Stead Prize for Fiction, the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, and the Douglas Stewart Prize for Non-Fiction.

As of 2019, the Awards are presented by the NSW Government and administered by the State Library of New South Wales in association with Create NSW, with support of Multicultural NSW and the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Total prize money in 2019 was up to A$305,000, with eligibility limited to writers, translators and illustrators with Australian citizenship or permanent resident status.
Saphenous nerve
The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal. Upon exiting the adductor canal, the saphenous nerve terminates by splitting into two terminal branches: the sartorial nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve (which together innervate the medial, anteromedial, posteromedial aspects of the distal thigh). The saphenous nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the anteromedial leg.

Fascia lata
The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. It encloses the thigh muscles and forms the outer limit of the fascial compartments of thigh, which are internally separated by the medial intermuscular septum and the lateral intermuscular septum. The fascia lata is thickened at its lateral side where it forms the iliotibial tract, a structure that runs to the tibia and serves as a site of muscle attachment.
DJ Hamida
Ahmed Sidi Taanoun (Arabic: أحمد سيدي طحنون, born 24 May, 1986), better known by his stage name DJ Hamida (/ˈhæmiːdə/), is a French-Moroccan DJ musician and record producer, known for the series À La Bien Mix Party and Meknessi Style which he promotes. His biggest success has been with the single "Déconnectés" featuring Kayna Samet, Rim'K, Lartiste, and Soprano.

Soprano (rapper)
Saïd M'Roumbaba (French pronunciation: [sa.id ɛmʁumbaba]; born 14 January 1979), better known by his stage name Soprano, is a French rapper, singer-songwriter, and television personality. Influential in the French hip hop scene, Soprano rose to notoriety in the late 1990s as a member of the rap band Psy 4 de la Rime. While in the group, Soprano recorded his solo debut album Puisqu'il Faut Vivre which made the Billboard European Top 100. Two years later, his second album, La Colombe, which included collaborations with numerous artists, was released. In addition to his music career, Soprano has served as a coach on The Voice – La plus belle voix (2019) and The Voice Kids (2018–2020, 2025).
Brockite
Brockite is a rare earth phosphate mineral with formula: (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4·H2O. It crystallizes in the hexagonal system in the chiral space group 180 or its enantiomorph 181. It is typically granular to massive with only rare occurrence of stubby crystals. It is radioactive due to the thorium content.

Rare-earth mineral
A rare-earth mineral is a mineral that contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earths are to be distinguished from critical minerals, which are materials of strategic or economic importance that are defined differently by different countries.
House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
The House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.

By this point it had splintered into several different houses. The Royal House of Sweden was represented by the branch Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg.

The ancestor of the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken was Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken (1385–1459), a son of King Rupert of Germany.

Rupert, King of the Romans
Rupert of the Palatinate (German: Ruprecht von der Pfalz; 5 May 1352 – 18 May 1410), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Elector Palatine from 1398 (as Rupert III) and King of Germany from 1400 until his death.
Broken Roads (video game)
Broken Roads is a 2024 video game by independent developer Drop Bear Bytes and published by Versus Evil. Described as a post-apocalyptic computer role-playing game, Broken Roads is set in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. The game has been compared to non-traditional dialogue-based role-playing games, such as Disco Elysium, in featuring a mechanic described the 'Moral Compass', that responds to moral choices made by the player. The game was released on April 10, 2024, for Windows, PlayStation 4 and 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

Upon release, Broken Roads received mixed reviews from critics.

Drop Bear Bytes went into Administration in February 2025 owing millions of dollars to its creditors. Broken Roads was a commercial failure.

Versus Evil
Versus Evil LLC was an American video game publisher founded by former ZeniMax Online Studios marketing director Steve Escalante to focus on the independent video game market. Versus Evil was bought by another publisher, tinyBuild, in November 2021. On December 22, 2023, all Versus Evil staff were laid off and the company was shut down.
O'Loghlen
O'Loghlen is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

O'Loghlen baronets
Sir Michael O'Loghlen, 1st Baronet (1789–1842)
Sir Colman Michael O'Loghlen, 2nd Baronet (1819–1877)
Sir Bryan O'Loghlen, 3rd Baronet (1828–1905)
Sir Michael O'Loghlen, 4th Baronet (1866–1934)

Peter O'Loghlen (1883–1971), Irish Fianna Fáil politician

Peter O'Loghlen (1882–1923), Australian politician

Peter O'Loghlen (Irish politician)
Peter Joseph O'Loghlen (1883 – 25 October 1971) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A publican, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency at the 1938 general election. He lost his Dáil seat at the 1943 general election but was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 4th Seanad.

He regained his Dáil seat at the 1944 general election. He did not contest the 1948 general election. O'Loghlen was a leading member of, and main political representative for the conservative Catholic group, An Ríoghacht.
Viljo Rantala
Viljo Johannes Rantala (18 November 1892 – 31 December 1980) was a Finnish smallholder and politician, born in Punkalaidun. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1922 to 1962, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He served as Minister of Finance from 20 September 1951 to 9 July 1953. He was a presidential elector in the 1925, 1931, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1950, 1956 and 1962 presidential elections. After the Finnish Civil War of 1918, Rantala was given a life prison sentence for having belonged to the Red Guard. However, in 1921, he was pardoned and could resume his political activities.

1943 Finnish presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Finland in 1943. The 1937 electoral college was recalled and re-elected Risto Ryti, who received 269 of the 300 votes.  President Ryti was ready to remain in office and to try to lead Finland successfully through World War II.  Nevertheless, some Finnish politicians believed that Marshal Mannerheim, the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish army, would lead Finland more effectively.  In a test vote, 147 presidential electors out of 300 supported Mannerheim.  This plurality was not, however, enough for Mannerheim who required an assured majority of electors to back him for his presidential candidacy.  Having failed to receive this majority's support, Mannerheim withdrew his candidacy and Ryti was overwhelmingly re-elected president.
Allan Mackintosh
Allan Roy Mackintosh, FRS (22 January 1936 – 20 December 1995) was a prominent Danish physicist and a leading authority on magnetism and neutron scattering, especially in the rare-earth metals.

Mackintosh was known for his key role in stimulating solid-state physics research in Denmark and for his advocacy of international collaboration. Many of his former students now occupy leading academic and industrial posts in a variety of countries. As director of the Danish Atomic Energy Research Establishment from 1971 to 1976 he was a major force in Danish science policy and a prolific contributor to the public debate about nuclear power.

Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineering and the nuclear sciences. Regarding the experimental technique, understanding and manipulating neutron scattering is fundamental to the applications used in crystallography, physics, physical chemistry, biophysics, and materials research.

Neutron scattering is practiced at research reactors and spallation neutron sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where inelastic neutron scattering is used in studying atomic vibrations and other excitations.
Enric Morera i Català
Enric Xavier Morera i Català (Valencian: [enˈrig moˈɾeɾaj kataˈla]; born 3 April 1964) is a Spanish politician who served as secretary-general of Més–Compromís and spokesperson for the Compromís coalition.

Morera was a Member of the European Parliament in 2004, as part of The Greens–European Free Alliance group, and since 2007 has been a member of the Valencian Parliament.

After 2015 Valencian parliamentary election, he was elected President of the Corts Valencianes, the Valencian Parliament, as a result of a pact formed by Compromís and the Socialist Party of the Valencian Country.

Més–Compromís
Més, also known as Més–Compromís (English: "More–Commitment"), is a Valencian nationalist party in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the largest party in the Coalició Compromís since 2021, being created as a refoundation of the former Bloc Nacionalista Valencià.

When created, the party had as objective the national and popular construction of the Valencian Community, hgand improving the livelihood of the Valencian people. According to their promotors, the goal was to embrace a sobiranist discourse with popular roots that allows the new formation to have a better presence that Valencian Nationalist Bloc had. When it comes to the Valencian nationalist discourse, it promoted a more simplified vision of their ideology, receiving internal criticism.
Kanae Yamabe
Kanae Yamabe (山部 佳苗, Yamabe Kanae; born 22 September 1990 in Hokkaido) is a Japanese female judoka.

Yamabe started judo at the age of 6. Her favorite technique is harai Goshi.

In 2009, Yamabe won a bronze medal in the +78 kg weight class at the 2009 World Judo Juniors Championships in Paris.

In 2015, Yamabe won a bronze medal in the heavyweight (+78 kg) division at the 2015 World Judo Championships.

2009 World Judo Juniors Championships
The 2009 World Judo Juniors Championships was an edition of the World Judo Juniors Championships, organised by the International Judo Federation. It was held in Paris, France from 22 to 25 October 2009.
In the Light of What We Know
In the Light of What We Know is the first novel by Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, it was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned Rahman the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize, previous winners of which include Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene, J. M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer, Angela Carter, Salman Rushdie and Cormac McCarthy. The novel has been translated into many languages, including Czech, Greek and Arabic.

Angela Carter
Angela Olive Pearce (formerly Carter, née Stalker; 7 May 1940 – 16 February 1992), who published under the name Angela Carter, was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism, and picaresque works. She is mainly known for her book The Bloody Chamber (1979). In 1984, her short story "The Company of Wolves" was adapted into a film of the same name. In 2008, The Times ranked Carter tenth in their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". In 2012, Nights at the Circus was selected as the best ever winner of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.
Identity card of North Macedonia
The identity card of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Лична карта, Lična karta, Albanian: Letërnjoftim) is a compulsory identity document issued in North Macedonia. The document is issued by the police on behalf of the Ministry of Interior.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (North Macedonia)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs (МВР) or MOI  is a government ministry of the Republic of North Macedonia. The current minister is Panche Toshkovski. Assigned to the ministry are a Public Security Bureau and a Security and Counterintelligence Administration. The ministry has existed since 1944.
1962 Football League Cup final
The 1962 Football League Cup final was won by Norwich City, who defeated Rochdale 4–0 on aggregate over two legs. The first leg, played on 26 April 1962 at Rochdale's ground, Spotland, was won by Norwich 3–0. They then won the second leg 1–0 a week later on 1 May 1962, at their own ground, Carrow Road. This was Norwich City's first major trophy. Rochdale remained for a long time the only club from the lowest division – Fourth Division, which was the equivalent of the current League Two – in English league football to reach the League Cup final, until the feat was repeated by Bradford City in 2013, after their aggregate 4–3 win over Aston Villa.

The captain of the winning Norwich City team was Ron Ashman.

Rochdale's manager Tony Collins became the first BAME manager to lead a team in a major English cup final.

Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
Dustin the Turkey
Dustin the Turkey, a character performed by John Morrison is a former star of RTÉ television's The Den between 1989 and 2010 and for the show's six-episode revival in 2020. He has been described as "the most subversive comedy force on Irish television".

A turkey vulture with a strong Dublin accent hailing from Sallynoggin, Dustin first appeared on The Den with Zig and Zag in December 1989, but remained there after their 1993 departure to Channel 4.  He also outlasted four human co-hosts, all of whom moved to radio: Ian Dempsey, Ray D'Arcy, Damien McCaul and Francis Boylan Jr.

Dustin has also had a successful music career with chart-topping singles in his native land. At one stage he even managed an Irish dance/pop group, Silvor. He won the public vote to represent Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Irelande Douze Pointe", though he did not progress past the first semi-final stage.

Ian Dempsey
Ian Dempsey (born 16 January 1961) is an Irish presenter of television and breakfast radio. He is the long-running presenter of the breakfast show on Today FM, self-titled The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show, which runs from 6-9 am each weekday. He has won several major awards for his programmes and was the Republic of Ireland's tenth most-listened-to broadcaster in 2007.

Dempsey co-hosted the opening ceremony of the 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games Irish heats at Thomond Park with Des Cahill.