hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mirach
Mirach is a prominent star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is pronounced /ˈmaɪræk/ and has the Bayer designation Beta Andromedae, which is Latinized from β Andromedae. This star is positioned northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus and is potentially visible to all observers north of latitude 54° S. It is commonly used by stargazers to find the Andromeda Galaxy. The galaxy NGC 404, also known as Mirach's Ghost, is seven arcminutes away from Mirach.

This star has an apparent visual magnitude of around 2.07, varying between 2.01 and 2.10, which at times makes it the brightest star in the constellation. Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly 197 light-years (60 parsecs) from the Solar System. Its apparent magnitude is reduced by 0.06 by extinction due to gas and dust along the line of sight. The star has a negligible radial velocity of 0.1 km/s, but with a relatively large proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.208″·yr−1.

Angular frequency
In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).
Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the pseudovector quantity angular velocity.

Angular frequency can be obtained by multiplying rotational frequency, ν (or ordinary frequency, f) by a full turn (2π radians): ω = 2π rad⋅ν.
It can also be formulated as ω = dθ/dt, the instantaneous rate of change of the angular displacement, θ, with respect to time, t.
Eilenberg–Ganea conjecture
The Eilenberg–Ganea conjecture is a claim in algebraic topology.  It was formulated by Samuel Eilenberg and Tudor Ganea in 1957, in a short, but influential paper.  It states that if a group G has cohomological dimension 2, then it has a 2-dimensional Eilenberg–MacLane space .  For n different from 2, a group G of cohomological dimension n has an n-dimensional Eilenberg–MacLane space. It is also known that a group of cohomological dimension 2 has a 3-dimensional Eilenberg−MacLane space.

In 1997,  Mladen Bestvina and Noel Brady constructed a group G so that either G is a counterexample to the Eilenberg–Ganea conjecture, or there must be a counterexample to the Whitehead conjecture; in other words, it is not possible for both conjectures to be true.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Alpine Peak (Idaho)
Alpine Peak, at 9,861 feet (3,006 m) above sea level is a peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County. The peak is located 1 mi (1.6 km) northeast of Mount Regan, its line parent. Alpine Peak is south of Alpine Lake and east of Sawtooth Lake.

Line parent
A peak's line parent is the closest higher peak on the highest ridge leading away from the peak's "key col".  A col is the lowest point on the ridge between two summits and is roughly synonymous with the lowest point of a gap, saddle and notch. The highest col of a peak is its key col. If there is more than one ridge which can be followed to a higher peak then the line parent is the peak closest to the key col. Usually, a line parent must meet some prominence criteria, which might vary depending on the author and the location of the peak.

There are at least two other kinds of peak parentage: island parentage, which is also referred to as encirclement or topographic parentage, and source parentage.
Tatari (platform)
Tatari is a convergent TV ad platform that allows the creation, management, and measurement of advertisements across linear TV, streaming TV, and online video platforms.

In March 2022, Tatari acquired TheViewPoint, a CTV SSP monetization platform. In April 2022, Tatari launched Similar Inventory, which provides suggestions for linear and streaming TV inventory based on existing campaigns. A year later, in June 2023, Tatari launched Vault, a sister company that creates "tokens" by matching first-party data from publishers and advertisers with Experian identifiers. Tatari, TheViewPoint, and Vault are three separate subsidiary companies under a parent company called Infra.

Online video platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other interfaces (API), and typically provide embedded codes or links that allow others to view the video content.
Red cell affinity column technology
Red cell affinity column technology (ReACT) was a method for detecting any clinically important antibodies in patient serum. Whereas gel agglutination is based on size exclusion of agglutinated red cells in an inert matrix, red cell affinity column technology was based on affinity adherence of red cells in an immunologically active matrix.

In ReACT, antibody-sensitized red cells bind to ligands attached to an agarose matrix. The main ligand is Protein G (prepared from Group C or G Streptococcus or by recombinant technology), which has high affinity for all four IgG subclasses. Another ReACT ligand is Protein A (from Group A Staphylococcus), which binds to IgG 1, 2, and 4.

A study published in 2002 showed a loss of sensitivity for detecting significant antibodies. Unrelated to the study the ReACT kit was withdrawn from the market soon afterwards.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Why You Runnin'
Why You Runnin' is the debut EP by American singer-songwriter Lissie, released in November 2009 on Fat Possum. It was produced by Bill Reynolds of Band of Horses. One of the songs, "Oh Mississippi" was co-written with Ed Harcourt, whom she met through a mutual friend. The EP was listed amongst Paste magazine's "Eight Most Auspicious Musical Debuts of 2009".

Three of the five tracks were later reissued in her debut full-length album Catching a Tiger.

Ed Harcourt
Edward Henry Richard Harcourt-Smith (born 14 August 1977) is an English singer-songwriter. To date, he has released ten studio albums, two EPs, and thirteen singles. His debut album, Here Be Monsters, was nominated for the 2001 Mercury Prize. Since 2007 he has been writing for other artists, including Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Paloma Faith, and has performed with Marianne Faithfull and the Libertines. His music is influenced by Tom Waits, Nick Cave, and Jeff Buckley, among others.
Omaka River
The Omaka River is a river of the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows north from the slopes of Mount Horrible 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Seddon, reaching the Ōpaoa River at the eastern end of Renwick.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives the Māori  translation for Ōmaka as "place of the stream".

Marlborough District
41°53′S 173°40′E﻿ / ﻿41.883°S 173.667°E﻿ / -41.883; 173.667

Marlborough District or the Marlborough Region (Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-waka, or Tauihu), commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, located on the northeast of the South Island. It is administered by Marlborough District Council, a unitary authority, performing the functions of both a territorial authority and a regional council. The council is based at Blenheim, the largest town. The unitary region has a population of 50,800 (June 2025). It borders the Nelson Region and Tasman District to the west, and the Canterbury Region to the south.

Marlborough is known for its dry climate, the Marlborough Sounds, and Sauvignon blanc wine. It takes its name from the earlier Marlborough Province, which was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an English general and statesman.
Barlow Peak
Barlow Peak, elevation 9,609 feet (2,929 m), is an isolated mountain peak in the Big Game Ridge section of southwest Yellowstone National Park, south of the Continental Divide, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Barlow Peak was named by geologist Arnold Hague in 1885 for Captain John W. Barlow, an early topographical engineer who helped to map the park.

Arnold Hague
Arnold Hague (December 3, 1840 – May 14, 1917) was an American geologist who did many geological surveys in the U.S., of which the best known was that for Yellowstone National Park. He also had assignments in China and Guatemala. He became a member of the United States Geological Survey in 1879 when it was first organized.
Sharana District
Sharana District (Pashto: ښرنه ولسوالۍ) or Sharan District is home to the city of Sharana, which is the capital of Paktika Province, Afghanistan.  The Paktika Governor's compound is in Sharana, attached to the police headquarters for the province. The district is within the heartland of the Sulaimankhel tribe of Ghilji Pashtuns. The estimated population in 2019 was 63,626.

Sulaimankhel
The Sulaimankhel (Pashto: سليمان خېل), or Suleiman Khel, are a Pashtun sub-tribe of the Khilji tribe. As they are primarily Nomadic People. In the early 20th century, the tribe was recognized as generally pastoral.
Spring Creek (Roaring River tributary)
Spring Creek is a large stream in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It flows through Putnam, Overton and Jackson counties and is a major tributary of the Roaring River. It is part of the State Scenic River system of Tennessee, along with the Roaring River and Blackburn Fork River.

The river can be roughly divided into three sections: a smaller but still big headwaters on the Highland Rim, a huge and moderately turbulent lower part and an even more violent whitewater stream as the middle part descends to the level of the Nashville Basin. The lower part dries up due to limestone-dominated karst topography.

Putnam County, Tennessee
Putnam County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,854. Its county seat is Cookeville. Putnam County is part of the Cookeville, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Berlin-Grünau station
Berlin-Grünau is a railway station in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line  S46, S8 and S85.

Grünau is the terminus for off-peak S8 trains (during peak times S8 trains continue to Wildau) and the peak-time terminus for line S85 (off-peak trains terminate at Schöneweide).

S46 (Berlin)
The Berlin S-Bahn line 46 (S46) runs from Königs Wusterhausen to Westend. It operates over:

the Görlitz line, opened in 1866 and electrified in 1929,

the Baumschulenweg–Neukölln link line, opened on 8 June 1896 and electrified in 1928 and

the Ring line, completed in 1877 and electrified in 1926.

Until 28 May 2006, the line ran from Königs Wusterhausen to Gesundbrunnen. The line was shortened to Westend to allow frequency improvements to the S41 and S42 ring lines. The shortened line contains 23 stations.
Botucatu Formation
The Botucatu Formation is an Aptian geologic formation of the Paraná and Pelotas Basins in southern Brazil and northern Uruguay. The formation is composed of quartzitic sandstones, deposited in an eolian environment. Fossil theropod tracks have been reported from the formation.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
USS Commodore Read
USS Commodore Read was a former ferry acquired by the Union Navy for use during the American Civil War. Because of her shallow draft, she was useful for patrols in rivers and streams. And, because of her ferryboat structure, she was useful as a gun platform or for carrying passengers or prisoners.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
The Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria, currently known as the Giro della Città Metropolitana di Reggio Calabria, is a road bicycle race held annually in Province of Reggio Calabria, Italy. The race was a single-day race until 2005. It was not held in 2006 or 2007, but returned in 2008 as a three-day stage race. In 2009, the Giro was again held as a single-day race, and in 2010, it was a stage race spanning four days. In 2011, it was again a three-day race, while in 2012, the race spanned two days, and has been held as a single-day race since its revival in 2023.

Province of Reggio Calabria
The province of Reggio Calabria (Italian: provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capital was the city of Reggio.

It was effectively replaced by the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in 2017.
Mirabad, Rivand
Mirabad (Persian: ميراباد, also Romanized as Mīrābād; also known as Mīrābād-e Khvājeh Ja‘far) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 67, in 21 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Årdal Church (Agder)
Årdal Church (Norwegian: Årdal kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bygland Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Grendi, just west of the Norwegian National Road 9, on the shore of the Byglandsfjorden. It is one of the churches for the Bygland og Årdal parish which is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a octagonal design in 1828 by Anders Thorsen Syrtveit who used plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 200 people.

Norwegian National Road 9
Norwegian National Road 9 (Norwegian: Riksvei 9, Rv9) is often called the Setesdal Road (Norwegian: Setesdalsveien) and it is the main thoroughfare through the Setesdalen valley. It runs from the city of Kristiansand in  the southern coast of Norway, through the Torridal and Setesdal valleys in Agder county to Haukeligrend in Telemark county in the north where it meets the European route E134 highway. The highway goes through the villages of Mosby, Homstean, Skarpengland, Hægeland, Hornesund, Hornnes, Evje, Byglandsfjord, Bygland, Ose, Rysstad, Valle, Flatland, Rygnestad, Bykle, Hovden, Bjåen, and Haukeli.

The highway is 235.7 kilometres (146.5 mi) long, with 220.1 kilometres (136.8 mi) in Agder county, and 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) in Telemark county.  The highway connects to the European route E18 and European route E39 highways in the city of Kristiansand.  At the other end of the highway, it connects to the European route E134 highway in Haukeli.
2018 Lima Challenger – Doubles
Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela and Blaž Rola were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán won the title after defeating Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar 2–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–5] in the final.

Guido Andreozzi
Guido Andreozzi (Latin American Spanish: [ˈɡiðo andɾeˈosi]; Italian: [ˈɡwiːdo andreˈɔttsi]; born 5 August 1991) is an Argentine professional tennis player of Italian descent. His career-high rankings are world No. 70 in singles, achieved on 28 January 2019, and No. 28 in doubles, reached on 27 October 2025. He has won two ATP Tour and 36 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.
Michiyo Akaishi
Michiyo Akaishi (赤石 路代, Akaishi Michiyo; born October 11, 1959 in Urawa) is a Japanese manga artist. She graduated from Saitama Prefectural Dai-Ichi Girls High School. Akaishi then attended Musashino Art University where she graduated with a degree in commercial plastic model design. In 1979, she won first place in the Shogakukan Shinjin Comic Award contest.

Akaishi's debut story, "Marshmallow Tea wa Hitori de", appeared in the January 1980 issue of Bessatsu Shōjo Comic. Her story "One More Jump" won the 1994 Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga. She was one of the judges for the 53rd Shogakukan Manga Awards in 2008.

Children's anime and manga
Children's manga (Japanese: 子供向け漫画, Hepburn: kodomo-muke manga) and children's anime (子供向けアニメ, kodomo-muke anime) refer to manga and anime directed towards children. These series are usually moralistic, often educating children about staying in the right path in life. Each chapter is usually a self-contained story. An example of a notable children's anime is Doraemon.
Murderers & Robbers
Murderers & Robbers is the first compilation album by American rapper Project Pat. It was released on July 25, 2000, through Project Records with distribution via Street Level, LLC.. Labeled as an "underground album", it is mainly a compilation of the rapper's mixtape material from the 1990s before a prison sentence interrupted his career, similar to Three 6 Mafia's Underground series of compilation albums released from 1999 to 2000.

Three 6 Mafia
Three 6 Mafia is an American hip-hop group from Memphis, Tennessee, formed in 1991. Emerging as a horror-themed underground hip-hop group, they went on to enjoy mainstream success. The group's 1995 debut album Mystic Stylez became an influential cult classic. They have released music on independent labels such as Prophet Entertainment and their own Hypnotize Minds label, as well as Relativity, Loud, and Columbia Records.

Two of their albums are RIAA-certified platinum: When the Smoke Clears: Sixty 6, Sixty 1 (2000) and Most Known Unknown (2005), with the latter featuring their hit single "Stay Fly". In 2006, the group won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 78th Academy Awards for their song "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" from the film Hustle & Flow. The group's latest studio album, Last 2 Walk, was released in 2008. Three 6 Mafia's worldwide album sales stand at 5.5 million as of 2016.
Akihiko Yamamoto
Akihiko Yamamoto (山本 明彦, Yamamoto Akihiko, born April 1, 1947) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Aichi Prefecture and graduate of Nagoya University, he was elected to the first of his three terms in Aichi Prefectural Assembly in 1987 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2000. He was defeated in the 2009 election by Kazuyoshi Morimoto of the Democratic Party of Japan.

Nagoya University
Nagoya University (名古屋大学, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (名大) or NU, is a Japanese national research university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya.

It was established in 1939 as the last of the nine Imperial Universities in the then Empire of Japan, and is now a Designated National University.

The university is the birthplace of the Sakata School of physics and the Hirata School of chemistry. As of 2021, seven Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan and Asia behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.
Taking Lives (album)
Taking Lives is the debut album of the American hip-hop duo Something Awful, which consists of rapper Fury (born Jay Flores) and Detroit-based emcee Bizarre (born Rufus Johnson). Fellow Bizarre's bandmates from D12 (Kuniva and Swifty McVay) and L.A.R.S. (King Gordy) made guest appearances on the record, as well as Fury's Mattrix, White Out and Bloody-T from Lethal Wreckords, among other performers such as Bizzy Bone, Brotha Lynch Hung and Twisted Insane. This album is also volume 47 of Underground Hustlin series because of cypher.

Brotha Lynch Hung
Kevin Danell Mann (born January 10, 1969), known artistically as Brotha Lynch Hung, is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer from Sacramento, California. Known for his explicitly graphic and violent lyrics which include vivid descriptions of cannibalism, murder, rape, infanticide, dismemberment and necrophilia, he is a creator of horrorcore and pioneered his own sub-category called “Rip-gut”. Due to the nature of his lyrics, his music is often compared to a slasher film. He is also a former 24th Street Garden Blocc Crip gang member, which is a Crip-affiliated street gang based in Meadowview, Sacramento.
Pentaiodide
A pentaiodide is a compound or ion that contains five iodine atoms or ions. Some examples include:

pentaiodide - the anion I−5

Niobium pentaiodide - NbI5, which exists as a dimer

Tantalum pentaiodide - TaI5, which exists as a dimer

Protactinium pentaiodide - PaI5

Dimerization
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.  The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable.

The term homodimer is used when the two subunits are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called dissociation. When two oppositely-charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as Bjerrum pairs, after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum.
Banbridge Chronicle
The Banbridge Chronicle, formerly known as The Banbridge Chronicle, and Downshire Standard, is a weekly newspaper based in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland. Established in 1874, it was originally known as The Banbridge Chronicle, Gilford & Rathfriland Mail. The newspaper, also referred to simply as The Chronicle, serves the surrounding Banbridge area, Gilford, Rathfriland, and South Down as a whole.

In 2023, The National World acquired the Banbridge Chronicle, 13 months after it being saved from going out of business by Bann Media in Scotland. Prior to the first buy-out, it was owned by the Hodgett family, and in 2021, they announced they would be forced to shut it down if a new buyer is not found. Following the purchase, the National World’s executive chairman David Montgomery said: “I first read the Chronicle as a schoolboy when visiting my uncle’s farm near Banbridge, so I know how valued it has always been in the community."

Gilford, County Down
Gilford is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland. The village sits on the River Bann between the towns of Banbridge, Tandragee and Portadown. It covers the townlands of Loughans, Ballymacanallen and Drumaran. It had a population of 1,957 people in the 2021 census. Gilford is in the Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon district.