hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Opportune
Three ships of the Royal Navy have carried the name HMS Opportune:

HMS Opportune (1915) was an Admiralty M-class destroyer.  She was launched on 20 November 1915 and scrapped in December 1923.

HMS Opportune (G80) was an O-class destroyer.  She was launched on 21 February 1942 and scrapped in November 1955.

HMS Opportune (S20) was an Oberon-class submarine. She was launched on 14 February 1964 and sold in 1992.

HMS Opportune (G80)
HMS Opportune was an O-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was ordered from John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston on 3 September 1939 for the 1st Emergency Flotilla. She was commissioned on 14 August 1942. She was the second Royal Navy ship borne Opportune.

She served throughout the Second World War, mainly as an escort ship for convoys, and remained with the Royal Navy until the mid-1950s.
Email hub
The term Mail Hub is used to denote an MTA (message transfer agent) or system of MTAs used to route email but not act as a mail server (having no end-user email store) since there is no MUA (mail user agent) access. Examples could include dedicated anti-SPAM appliances, anti-virus engines running on dedicated hardware, email gateways and so forth.

Email client
An email client, email reader, message user agent (MUA), or mail user agent is a computer program used to access and manage a user's email.

A web application which provides message management, composition, and reception functions may act as a webmail client, and a piece of computer hardware or software whose primary or most visible role is to work as an email client may also use the term.
Cello Sonata (Chopin)
The Cello Sonata in G minor, Op. 65, was written by Frédéric Chopin in 1846-1847. It is one of only nine works of Chopin published during his lifetime that were written for instruments other than piano (although the piano still appears in every work he wrote). Chopin composed four sonatas, the other three being piano sonatas. The cello sonata was the last of Chopin's works to be published in his lifetime.

The sonata was written for and dedicated to Auguste Franchomme. The sonata is remarkable for the concentration of its material: much of the music of the first movement grows out of the cello’s opening statement, and certain theme-shapes appear in all its movements. The last three movements were first publicly performed by Franchomme and Chopin at the composer's last public concert, at the Salle Pleyel on 16 February 1848.

Piano sonata
A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Liszt, Scriabin, Prokofiev, Berg), others with two movements (Haydn, Beethoven), some contain five (Brahms' Third Piano Sonata, Czerny's Piano Sonata No. 1, Godowsky's Piano Sonata) or even more movements. The first movement is generally composed in sonata form.
York Force
York Force was a detachment of the Australian Army during the Second World War located on the Cape York Peninsula.  It was a Militia formation raised to provide for the defence of Cape York Peninsula; a similar unit, the Torres Strait Force, operated in the Torres Strait region.  From mind-1943 York Force included the 1st Independent Light Horse Squadron, raised from the 2nd Australian Cavalry Regiment which had itself been created from the militia's 2nd/14th Light Horse Regiment.

York Force was disbanded at one minute past midnight on 8 September 1943.  The senior command unit in the region then became 3rd Brigade.  The York Force Field Punishment Centre at Oonoonba operated under that name until it was disbanded in January 1944.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Krishnopokkho (film)
Krishnopokkho (Bengali: কৃষ্ণপক্ষ, "The Dark Lunar Fortnight") is a 2016 Bangladeshi Bengali language romance drama film based on novel of the same name written by Humayun Ahmed. The film's adapted screenplay was written and directed by Meher Afroz Shaon and starring Riaz, Tania Ahmed, Ferdous Ahmed, Wahida Mollick Jolly and Faruque Ahmed. This was the debut film by the director. The storyline revolves around two star-crossed lovers who are not destined to be together.

The film nationwide released on February 26, 2016, which was produced by Impress Telefilm Limited and distributed by Jaaz Multimedia The film had its closing premiere at the 11th Geneva International Oriental Film Festival (FIFOG) at the Grutli Theatre on April 17, 2016. In May 2016, the film had its opening premiere at 17th Rainbow Film Festival at London on May 29, 2016.

Ferdous Ahmed
Ferdous Ahmed (born 7 June 1972) is a Bangladeshi film actor, producer, and politician. He served as an MP representing the Dhaka-10 constituency.

His work includes Hothat Brishti (1998), Kokhono Megh Kokhono Brishti (2003), Chandrokotha (2003), Nondito Noroke (2006), Amar Swapna Tumi (2005), Moner Manush (2010), and Guerrilla (2011). He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor five times for his roles in the films Hothat Brishti (1998), Gangajatra (2009), Kusum Kusum Prem (2011), Ek Cup Cha (2014), and Putro (2018).

In November 2023, Ahmed was nominated as Awami League's candidate for the Dhaka-10 constituency, replacing the incumbent Shafiul Islam Mohiuddin, in the 2024 Bangladeshi selection.
Rosa Domm
Rosa Elisabeth Maria Domm (born 12 October 1998 in Bielefeld) is a German politician serving as a member of the Hamburg Parliament since 2020. She has served as deputy group leader of Alliance 90/The Greens since 2025.

Hamburg Parliament
The Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry” or, more poetically, “Hamburgish Burgessry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2025 there are 121 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg.

The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).

The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years.
Marsinah
Marsinah (10 April 1969 – c. 8 May 1993) was an independent trade unionist employed in a watch factory in East Java, Indonesia, whose murder drew international attention to the Suharto dictatorship's repression of workers.

Marsinah was serving as a negotiator for 500 workers striking over their employer's failure to implement the minimum wage and trade union autonomy. On 5 May, she was kidnapped following a demonstration; her mutilated body was found four days later. The military is widely believed to have been involved in her disappearance and subsequent death.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Hinduism in Brazil
Hinduism is a minority faith in Brazil followed by approximately 0.01% of its population. Hinduism in Brazil is represented mainly by Ananda Marga, Brahma Kumaris and the Osho Institute Brazil, ISKCON, Yoga In Bound, Brasil Gaudiya Math and Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math e Organização Vrinda de Paramadweit. The vedic astrology is also becoming popular due to Academia Brasileira de Astrologia Védica.

Brahma Kumaris
The Brahma Kumaris (Sanskrit: ब्रह्माकुमारी; "Daughters of Brahma") is a spiritual movement that originated in Hyderabad, Sindh, British India (modern Pakistan) during the 1930s. Founded by Lekhraj Kripalani, the organisation teaches the importance of moving beyond labels associated with the human body, including race, nationality, religion, and gender, through meditation that emphasizes the concept of identity as souls rather than bodies. It aims to establish a global culture centered around what they refer to as "soul-consciousness". The members of the organisation believe that all souls are good by nature and that God is the source of all goodness.

In 2019, the organisation had more than eight thousand centres across 110 countries and more than one million members. Women continue to hold primary leadership positions within the organisation.
Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art
Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art is a textbook on mathematics and art. It was written by mathematicians Marc Frantz and Annalisa Crannell, and published in 2011 by the Princeton University Press (ISBN 9780691125923). The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended it for inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration
Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration and Registration of Persons Tribunal was a 2001 case in the Court of Final Appeal, Hong Kong, by a Pakistani migrant seeking the right of abode in Hong Kong. The case concerned provisions of the Immigration Ordinance requiring that a non-Chinese national's seven years of "ordinary residence" qualifying him to apply for permanent residence immediately precede his application. The unanimous opinion, written by Justice Kemal Bokhary (himself of Pakistani background), ruled that those provisions were not inconsistent with the Hong Kong Basic Law. The ruling in the case temporarily disqualified the appellant from applying for permanent residency, though he was expected to qualify again a few years later.

Hong Kong resident
The Hong Kong Basic Law classifies residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Chinese: 香港居民) as either permanent residents or non-permanent residents. Hong Kong residents have rights under the Basic Law including freedom of speech, freedom of movement and freedom of religious belief.
Novichikhinsky District
Novichikhinsky District (Russian: Новичи́хинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novichikha. Population:  9,938 (2010 census); 11,558 (2002 census); 11,980 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Novichikha accounts for 43.1% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Top-Notch Comics
Top-Notch Comics is an American comic book anthology series that was published by MLJ Magazines Inc., more commonly known as MLJ Comics, during the 1930s and 1940s period known as the Golden Age of Comic Books. From issue #28 it was re-titled Top-Notch Laugh Comics.

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.
Bârlad Ghetto
The Bârlad Ghetto (Hebrew: גטו ברלאד; Romanian: Ghetoul Bârlad) was one of the open ghettos in Romania during the Holocaust. The ghetto was active between 1940–1943, and in 1942, at its peak, it had 3,224 Jews. Jews from neighboring towns such as Puiești were brought to this ghetto.

Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany
Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the Nazi regime set up ghettos across German-occupied Eastern Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation. In German documents, and signage at ghetto entrances, the Nazis usually referred to them as Jüdischer Wohnbezirk or Wohngebiet der Juden, both of which translate as the Jewish Quarter. There were several distinct types including open ghettos, closed ghettos, work, transit, and destruction ghettos, as defined by Holocaust historians. In a number of cases, they were the place of Jewish underground resistance against the German occupation, known collectively as the ghetto uprisings.
How You Luv That
How You Luv That is the debut studio album by New Orleans hip-hop duo Big Tymer$, released independently in 1997 on Cash Money Records. The album sold over 100,000 copies without the benefit of major radio or video airplay.

Cash Money re-released How You Luv That as How You Luv That Vol. 2 in late 1998 after signing its distribution deal with Universal Records. The re-release substitutes a remix of "Stun'n" for the original version and adds "Big Ballin'," "Money & Power," and "Drop It Like It's Hot".

Bun B
Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper. He is best known as one half of the Southern rap duo UGK (Underground Kingz), which he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5-mic rating from The Source.
Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
The Movement for Democratic Change Alliance is an electoral coalition of seven political parties formed to contest Zimbabwe's 2018 general election. After the 2018 election, a dispute arose over the use of the name MDC Alliance leading the MDC Alliance leader Nelson Chamisa to found the Citizens Coalition for Change.

Welshman Ncube
Welshman Ncube (born 7 July 1961) is a Zimbabwean lawyer, businessman and politician. He is the founding MDC leader and former President of Zimbabwean political party Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube. He currently serves within the Citizen Coalition for Change (CCC).  He is a practicing lawyer in the firm Mathonsi Ncube Law Chambers, where he is the senior partner at their Bulawayo offices. He also runs a number of business ventures, including a farm in the Midlands Province.
Tullio Levi-Civita
Tullio Levi-Civita, ForMemRS (English: /ˈtʊlioʊ ˈlɛvi ˈtʃɪvɪtə/; Italian: [ˈtulljo ˈlɛːvi ˈtʃiːvita]; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made significant contributions in other areas. He was a pupil of Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, the inventor of tensor calculus. His work included foundational papers in both pure and applied mathematics, celestial mechanics (notably on the three-body problem), analytic mechanics (the Levi-Civita separability conditions in the Hamilton–Jacobi equation) and hydrodynamics.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Food microbiology
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food. This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing probiotics.

Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria. Species of Clostridium inhabit soils and the intestinal tracts of animals, including humans. This genus includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agents of botulism and tetanus. It also formerly included an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile, which was reclassified into the Clostridioides genus in 2016.
Henry Thomas Duffy
Henry Thomas Duffy KC (May 29, 1852 – July 3, 1903) was a Canadian politician.

Born in L'Avenir, Canada East, the son of John Duffy and Mary Ann Mountain, Duffy received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1876 and a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1878 from McGill College. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1879 and practiced law in Sweetsburg, Quebec in the Eastern Townships.

Entering politics, he ran unsuccessfully as the Liberal candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in an 1889 by-election held in the electoral district of Brome. In 1894, he was elected mayor of Sweetsburg, a post which he held for some time. He was elected in the 1897 election in Brome and was appointed minister of public works in the cabinet of Félix-Gabriel Marchand. In 1900, he was made provincial treasurer in the cabinet of Simon-Napoléon Parent. He help balance the budget and achieved a surplus. He was acclaimed in the 1900 election. He died in office in 1903.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
David Lebe
David Lebe (born 1948) is an American photographer. He is best known for his experimental images using techniques such as pinhole cameras, hand-painted photographs, photograms, and light drawings. Many of his photographs explore issues of gay identity, homoeroticism, and living with AIDS, linking his work to that of contemporaries such as Robert Mapplethorpe, Peter Hujar, and David Wojnarowicz. Though his style and approach set him apart from these contemporaries, "Lebe is now incontrovertibly part of the history of twentieth-century queer artists."

Hand-colouring of photographs
Hand-colouring (or hand-coloring) refers to any method of manually adding colour to a monochrome photograph, generally either to heighten the realism of the image or for artistic purposes. Hand-colouring is also known as hand painting or overpainting.

Typically, watercolours, oils, crayons or pastels, and other paints or dyes are applied to the image surface using brushes, fingers, cotton swabs or airbrushes. Hand-coloured photographs were most popular in the mid- to late-19th century before the invention of colour photography, and some firms specialized in producing hand-coloured photographs.
Mon Mane Na (TV series)
Mon Mane Na is an Indian Bengali drama television series which premiered on 30 August 2021 on Colors Bangla and digital platform Voot. It stars Pallavi Dey, Samm Batyacharyya, and Anjana Basu. The show is produced by Surinder Films. It ended on 5 June 2022. This show was ended abruptly with an incomplete story due to the unexpected death of the lead actress. During the time span of this show, Pallavi Dey committed suicide and was declared dead on 15 May 2022 and for that, the makers showed the death of Pallavi's onscreen character Gouri and ended on a sat note.

Voot
Voot was an Indian subscription video-on-demand and over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Network18. The service was initially launched on 4 May 2016. It initially launched as an advertising-supported service, before introducing a subscription tier in 2020 under the Voot Select banner.