hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rotating bolt
Rotating bolt is a method of locking the breech (or rear barrel) of a firearm closed for firing. Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse developed the first rotating bolt firearm, the "Dreyse needle gun", in 1836. The Dreyse locked using the bolt handle rather than lugs on the bolt head like the Mauser M 98 or M16. The first rotating bolt rifle with two lugs on the bolt head was the Lebel Model 1886 rifle. The concept has been implemented on most firearms chambered for high-powered cartridges since the 20th century.

Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse
Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse (20 November 1787 – 9 December 1867) was a German firearms inventor and manufacturer. He is most famous for submitting the Dreyse needle gun in 1836 to the Prussian army, which was adopted for service in December 1840 as the Leichte Perkussions-Gewehr M 1841 – a name deliberately chosen to mislead about the rifle's mechanism – later renamed Zündnadelgewehr M 1841 in 1855.
Chester M. Southam
Chester Milton Southam (October 4, 1919 – April 15, 2002) was an immunologist and oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College; he went to Thomas Jefferson University in 1971 and worked there until the end of his career. He ran many experiments involving the injection of live cancer cells into human subjects, without disclosing that they were cancer cells, and using subjects with questionable ability to consent, such as incarcerated people and senile patients in long-term care at a hospital. The New York State Attorney General encouraged the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York to take away Southam's medical license. Regardless, he went on to be president of the American Association for Cancer Research. His work was labeled by both modern scientists and his contemporaries as highly dangerous and unethical.

Weill Cornell Medicine
Weill Cornell Medicine (/waɪl/; officially Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University), originally Cornell University Medical College, is the medical school of Cornell University, located on the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States.

The school and its associated research organization is affiliated with several hospitals and medical centers, including NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, all of which are located on or near York Avenue and Sutton Place. Since 2004, Weill Cornell has also been affiliated with Houston Methodist Hospital.

In 1991, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University joined Weill Cornell to establish the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program. In 2001, the school opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, a medical school in Qatar.
Challacolloite
Challacolloite, KPb2Cl5, is a rare halide mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (with space group P21/c) and occurs as white fumarolic encrustations on lava. It occurs as intergrowths with cotunnite.

It was first described from a finding at the Challacollo Mine, Iquique, Chile and thereafter identified in specimens from the 1855 Mount Vesuvius eruption and from the Kudryavyi volcano in the Kuriles and also from the Satsuma-Iwojima volcano in Japan. It was recognized as a valid mineral species by the IMA (International Mineralogical Association) in 2005.

Artificially grown KPb2Cl5 crystals are used for lasers.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Tracy Kidder
John Tracy Kidder (born November 12, 1945) is an American writer of nonfiction books. He received the   Pulitzer Prize for his The Soul of a New Machine (1981), about the creation of a new computer at Data General Corporation. He has received praise and awards for other works, including his biography of Paul Farmer, a physician and anthropologist, titled Mountains Beyond Mountains (2003).

Kidder is considered a literary journalist because of the strong story line and personal voice in his writing.: 5  He has cited as his writing influences John McPhee, A. J. Liebling, and George Orwell.: 127–128  In a 1984 interview he said, "McPhee has been my model. He's the most elegant of all the journalists writing today, I think.": 7

Kidder wrote in a 1994 essay, "In fiction, believability may have nothing to do with reality or even plausibility. It has everything to do with those things in nonfiction. I think that the nonfiction writer's fundamental job is to make what is true believable."

Creative nonfiction
Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction, narrative nonfiction or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other non-fiction, such as academic, technical, or journalistic writing, which are also rooted in accurate fact but not written to entertain based on prose style. Many writers view creative nonfiction as overlapping with the essay.
1931 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded posthumously to the Swedish poet Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931) with the citation: "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt." He was the third Swede to win the prize and remains the only recipient to be posthumously awarded. Karlfeldt had been offered the award already in 1919 but refused to accept it, because of his position as permanent secretary to the Swedish Academy (1913–1931), which awards the prize.

Ole Edvart Rølvaag
Ole Edvart Rølvaag (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈûːlə ˈɛ̀dːvɑʈ ˈrø̂ːlvoːɡ]; Rølvåg in modern Norwegian, Rolvaag in English orthography) (April 22, 1876 – November 5, 1931) was a Norwegian-American novelist and professor who became well known for his writings regarding the Norwegian American immigrant experience. Ole Rolvaag is most cited for Giants in the Earth, his award-winning, epic novel of Norwegian immigrant homesteaders in Dakota Territory.
Neuhauser
Neuhauser is a German surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Adele Neuhauser (born 1959), Greek-born Austrian actress

Charlotte Neuhäuser (born 1998), German politician

Claudia Neuhauser (born 1962), American mathematical biologist

Frank Neuhauser (1913–2011), American patent lawyer and spelling bee champion

Georg Neuhauser (born 1982), Austrian metal vocalist

Leopold Neuhauser (died after 1813), Austrian musician and composer

Mary Neuhauser (born 1934), American lawyer and politician

Claudia Neuhauser
Claudia Maria Neuhauser (born 1962) is a mathematician whose research focuses on mathematical biology and spatial ecology. She also investigates computational biology and bioinformatics.  Neuhauser is currently Vice President/Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of Houston, where she has been employed since 2018.
Lee Hays
Lee Elhardt Hays (March 14, 1914 – August 26, 1981) was an American folk singer and songwriter, best known for singing bass with the Weavers.  Throughout his life, he was concerned with overcoming racism, inequality, and violence in society. He wrote or cowrote "Lonesome Traveller", "Wasn't That a Time?", "If I Had a Hammer", and "Kisses Sweeter than Wine", which became hits and Weavers' staples. He also familiarized audiences with songs of the 1930s labor movement, such as "We Shall Not Be Moved".

Bess Lomax Hawes
Bess Lomax Hawes (January 21, 1921 – November 27, 2009) was an American folk musician, folklorist, and researcher. She was the daughter of John Avery Lomax and Bess Bauman-Brown Lomax, and the sister of Alan Lomax and John Lomax Jr.
Heronymivka
Heronymivka (Ukrainian: Геронимівка) is a village (selo) in Central Ukraine. It is located in Cherkasy Raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast (province) right next to the city of Cherkasy on its northwestern side and about 8 km (5.0 mi) away from the city's center. It belongs to Ruska Poliana rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Cherkasy
Cherkasy (Ukrainian: Черкаси, pronounced [tʃerˈkɑsɪ] ⓘ) is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy serves as the administrative centre of Cherkasy Oblast as well as Cherkasy Raion within the oblast. The city has a population of 269,836 (2022 estimate).

Cherkasy is the cultural, educational and industrial centre of Cherkasy Oblast and Ukraine's Central Economic Region. Known since the 13th century, Cherkasy has played a great role in the history of Ukraine. The city was the centre of the land of the Cossacks; its citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna and Koliivshchyna Cossack and peasant rebellions.

The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River, about 200 km (124 mi) south of the nation's capital, Kyiv. In June 2011, the city celebrated its 725th anniversary.
Statue of Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison is a bronze sculpture depicting the American inventor and businessman of the same name by Alan Cottrill, installed in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was gifted by the U.S. state of Ohio in 2016, and replaced one depicting William Allen, which had been donated in 1887.

Statue of William Allen
William Allen is a sculpture depicting the American politician of the same name by Charles Henry Niehaus. The statue was gifted by the U.S. state of Ohio to the National Statuary Hall Collection in 1887, but later replaced with one of Thomas Edison due to Allen's pro-slavery viewpoints. Allen's statue was relocated to the Ross County Heritage Center, in Chillicothe, Ohio.
Dr. Renault's Secret
Dr. Renault's Secret is a 1942 American horror mystery film. The story was written by William Bruckner and Robert Metzler. It is loosely based on the 1911 novel Balaoo by Gaston Leroux. The production was directed by Harry Lachman and is a B movie with both mad scientist and monster themes.

J. Carrol Naish
Joseph Patrick Carrol Naish (January 21, 1896 – January 24, 1973) was an American actor. He appeared in over 200 films during the Golden Age of Hollywood.

He became a dialect specialist, and was called upon to play character roles of many nationalities, including Southern European (especially Italian), Eastern European, Latin American, American Indians, Middle Eastern, South Asian, East Asian, Pacific Islander—even black, which earned him the moniker "Hollywood's one-man U.N." His own heritage was Irish, but he rarely played Irish characters, explaining, "When the part of an Irishman comes along, nobody ever thinks of me."

Naish received two Oscar nominations for his supporting roles in the films Sahara (1943) and A Medal for Benny (1945), the latter of which also earned him a Golden Globe. He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
Intramyocellular lipids
Intramyocellular lipids (or IMCL) are fats stored in droplets in muscle cells. They provide an important energy source for working muscle. During exercise, a large amount of circulating free fatty acids are directed into muscle cells for energy; during rest, incoming fatty acids are instead stored in the muscle cell as triglycerides for later burning. However, an increase in muscle insulin resistance, caused by obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, and metabolic syndrome, will result in an excess accumulation of intramyocellular lipids.

Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates as well as vegetable fat.
They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver and are a major component of human skin oils.

Many types of triglycerides exist.  One specific classification focuses on saturated and unsaturated types. Saturated fats have no C=C groups; unsaturated fats feature one or more C=C groups. Unsaturated fats tend to have a lower melting point than saturated analogues; as a result, they are often liquid at room temperature.
The Nick Cannon Show
The Nick Cannon Show is an American comedy television series created by and starring Nick Cannon for Nickelodeon. It is a spin-off of Nickelodeon's All That, in which Cannon was a former cast member. It aired on Nickelodeon's SNICK block from January 12, 2002, to February 22, 2003, for 27 episodes across two seasons. Its premise is that Nick Cannon finds a situation he thinks needs changing and then "takes over" to make things better or funnier.

Guest stars on the show include Usher, Mary J. Blige, Britney Spears, Eddie Murphy, Will Smith, Willy Santos,  Lil' Romeo, Kenan Thompson, Kel Mitchell and girl group 3LW.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Jean Kellens
Jean Kellens (born 26 January 1944 in Seraing, Belgium) is a Belgian Iranologist who specialises in Avestan studies. From 1974 to 1980 he was the assistant of German Professor and Iranologist, Helmut Humbach at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.  He also taught at the University of Liège until 1993 and then became a member of the Science Committee at the Collège de France.

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
Hinrichsen
Hinrichsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diederich Hinrichsen (born 1939), German mathematician

Eric Hinrichsen (born 1976), Canadian basketball player

Henri Hinrichsen (1868–1942), German publisher

Niels Hinrichsen (born 1942), Danish actor

Siegmund Hinrichsen (1841–1902), German banker and politician

Silke Hinrichsen (1957–2012), German politician (SSW)

William H. Hinrichsen (1850–1907), American politician

William H. Hinrichsen
William Henry Hinrichsen (May 27, 1850 – December 18, 1907) was a U.S. representative from Illinois. Hinrichsen was Sheriff of Morgan County from 1880 to 1882. He afterwards turned to publishing interests, owning the Illinois Courier and Quincy Herald. Hinrichsen became involved with the Democratic Party in 1888, eventually rising to the position of Secretary of State of Illinois in 1892. During his term, he was elected chairman of the state Democratic Committee. He was then elected to the United States House of Representatives and served one term. He briefly edited the Cincinnati Enquirer and spent the rest of his life writing.
Avi Cohen (footballer, born 1962)
Avraham "Avi" Cohen (Hebrew: אברהם "אבי" כהן; born 12 June 1962) is an Israeli former footballer who played as a right back. He is often referred as Avi Cohen II or Avi Cohen of Jerusalem to distinguish himself from the player of the same name, born in 1956.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
David Ondříček
David Ondříček (born 23 June 1969) is a Czech film director, screenwriter and producer. In 2021, he won the Best Director Czech Lion Award for Zátopek.  His 2012 film In the Shadow won nine Czech Lion Awards.

Ondříček is the son of the late Czech cinematographer Miroslav Ondříček.  He attended the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague from 1987 to 1992.  In 1999, Ondříček founded Lucky Man Films, a film production company.

Ondříček has two daughters (born 2012 and 2018) by fiancé Martha Issová.

Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
The Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Czech: Filmová a televizní fakulta Akademie múzických umění v Praze) or FAMU is a film school in Prague, Czech Republic, founded in 1946 as one of three branches of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. It is the fifth oldest film school in the world. The teaching language on most courses at FAMU is Czech, but FAMU also runs certain courses in English. The school has repeatedly been included on lists of the best film schools in the world by The Hollywood Reporter.

In the 1960s and 1970s, several young directors from Yugoslavia were FAMU students (Rajko Grlić, Srđan Karanović, Emir Kusturica, Goran Marković, Goran Paskaljević and Lordan Zafranović). All of these directors would become very successful in the following decades, prompting the coinage of the term Praška filmska škola ("Prague film school"), or Praški talas ("Prague wave"), which is sometimes considered a prominent subgenre of the Yugoslav cinema.
Sebastopol Football Netball Club
The Sebastopol Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Burras, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the southern suburb of Sebastopol in Ballarat, Victoria. The football team currently competes in the Ballarat Football Netball League, having debuted there in 1978.

Sebastopol, Victoria
Sebastopol is a southern suburb on the rural-urban fringe of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. It is the third most populated area in urban Ballarat with a population of 10,194 at the 2021 census.

It is named after Sevastopol in Crimea, the site of an important battle during the Crimean War.

Formerly a separate town, Sebastopol had municipal status between 1864 and 1994 after which the Borough of Sebastopol was merged into the City of Ballarat.

Today it is the site of numerous light-industrial businesses and primarily low cost single-family detached homes and is a fringe suburb in Ballarat and also one of the most car dependent areas in the city.
Romazava
Romazava ([rumaˈzavə̥]) is the national dish of Madagascar, consisting of greens, zebu meat, tomatoes, and onions, typically accompanied by a portion of rice. An integral component of the stew is brèdes mafana, called anamalaho in Malagasy; the plant holds an acid amide called spilanthol in its buds that elicits a tingly, pungent, citrusy and mouth-numbing effect, inducing excessive saliva production.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Mervyn Nelson
Mervyn Nelson (c. 1915 – 17 August 1991) was a stage actor, writer, director and producer. At the age of five, he started acting in vaudeville theatre, and then performed in Broadway theatre shows during the 1940s and 1950s, including Early to Bed in 1943. His stage performances were well reviewed in Billboard.

In 1950, he wrote and produced an all-black revue called The Jazz Train which told the story of the history of jazz music and featured musical accompaniment from a number of top jazz performers. He also wrote and directed the 1971 cult gay drama movie Some of My Best Friends Are....

He died at the age of 76 on 17 August 1991. Mervyn is buried in Locust Valley Cemetery, Locust Valley, New York.

Locust Valley, New York
Locust Valley is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 3,406 at the 2010 census.
William Judd (English cricketer)
William George Judd (23 October 1845 — 12 March 1925) was an English first-class cricketer.

Judd was born in October 1845 at Bramshaw, Hampshire. Judd later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Kent at Southampton in 1878. Batting twice in the match from the tail, he was dismissed for 7 runs in Hampshire's first innings by George Hearne, while in their second innings he was dismissed for a single run by Charlie Absolom. With the ball, he took a single wicket in the match, that of Francis MacKinnon. A year prior to this match, Judd had stood as an umpire between Hampshire and Derbyshire in 1877. He died at Boscombe in March 1925.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.