hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burt Kaliski
Burton S. "Burt" Kaliski, Jr. is a cryptographer, who is currently the chief technology officer (CTO) and senior vice president at Verisign. Before joining Verisign in 2011, he was the founding director of the EMC Innovation Network at EMC Corporation since its 2006 acquisition of RSA Security where he was Chief Scientist for RSA Laboratories. His notable work includes the development of such public key cryptography standards as PKCS and IEEE P1363, the extension of linear cryptanalysis to use multiple approximations, and the design of the block cipher Crab.

Kaliski received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from MIT, where his research was on cryptography. He was a visiting assistant professor of computer engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology before joining RSA Security.

He was also a guest professor and member of the international advisory board of Peking University,  School of Software and Microelectronics.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Gastrotheca antomia
Gastrotheca antomia is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Colombia and found on the western versant of the Cordillera Occidental in Antioquia, Risaralda, Chocó, and Valle del Cauca Departments, at elevations of 1,140–2,500 m (3,740–8,200 ft) asl.

The natural habitat of Gastrotheca antomia is Andean cloud forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Occidental (English: Western Ranges) is the lowest in elevation of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.  The average altitude is 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and the highest peak is Cerro Tatamá at 4,100 m (13,500 ft).  The range extends from south to north diverging from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. The cordillera is paralleled on the east by the Cauca river. From this massif the range divides further to form the Serranías de Ayapel, San Jerónimo and Abibe, receding into the Caribbean plain and the Sinú River valley.

It is a direct continuation of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador.
Regius Professor of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations
The Regius Chair of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations is a Regius Professorship at the University of Edinburgh. It was established in 1707 by Queen Anne, and was the first chair in law created at the university.

Charles Erskine, Lord Tinwald
Charles Erskine also spelled Areskine (1680 – 5 April 1763), of Tinwald and Barjarg, Dumfries, and Alva, Clackmannan was Lord Advocate, a Scottish judge, and a politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1742.
1983 Chicago Marathon
The 1983 Chicago Marathon was the seventh running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 16. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Joseph Nzau in a time of 2:09:44.3 hours and the women's race was won by Portugal's Rosa Mota in 2:31:12. Nzau edged Britain's Hugh Jones by half a second in a tight finish. A total of 5237 runners finished the race, an increase of nearly 600 from the previous year.

Rosa Mota
Rosa Maria Correia dos Santos Mota, GCIH, GCM (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁɔzɐ ˈmɔtɐ]; born 29 June 1958) is a Portuguese former marathon runner, one of her country's foremost athletes, being the first sportswoman from Portugal to win Olympic gold. Mota was the first woman to win multiple Olympic marathon medals, as well as being the only woman to be the reigning European, World, and Olympic champion at the same time. On the 30th Anniversary Gala of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS), she was distinguished as the greatest female marathon runner of all time.
Adrian Flux
Adrian Flux is a British insurance broker that has its head office at East Winch Hall in King's Lynn, Norfolk. The company has become the country’s largest specialist motor insurance brokers and employs around 1,850 staff.

Insurance broker
An insurance broker is an intermediary who sells, solicits, or negotiates insurance on behalf of a client for compensation. An insurance broker is distinct from an insurance agent in that a broker typically acts on behalf of a client by negotiating with multiple insurers, while an agent represents one or more specific insurers under a contract.

As of 2019, the largest insurance brokers in the world by revenue are Marsh & McLennan, Aon plc, Willis Towers Watson, Arthur J. Gallagher and Hub International.
Jager
Jager is a Dutch occupational surname meaning "hunter". People with this surname include:

Durk Jager (1943–2022), Dutch businessman in the United States

Eric Jager (born 1957), American medievalist and literary critic

Evan Jager (born 1989), American long-distance runner

Finne Jager (born 1984), Dutch trance music DJ and producer

Henry Jager (1879–1952), New York assemblyman 1921

Maja Jager (born 1991), Danish archer

Marike Jager (born 1979), Dutch singer-songwriter, guitarist and television presenter

Matt Jager (born 1988), Australian golfer

Robert E. Jager (born 1939), American composer, music theorist and a conductor

Sheila Miyoshi Jager (born 1963), American anthropologist

Tom Jager (born 1964), American freestyle swimmer, five-time Olympic champion

Durk Jager
Durk I. Jager (born 30 April 1943 - April 3, 2022) was a Dutch and American businessman, private investor and consultant. As of 2012, he was the director of Chiquita Brands International (since December 2002).

He was the CEO of Procter & Gamble from 1 September 1999 to 2000. He has served on the board of directors of Eastman Kodak & United Negro College Fund, on the board of governors of The Nature Conservancy, as the chairman of the Japan America Society of Greater Cincinnati, and a member of the International Council, J.P. Morgan & Co.

Durk I. Jager was indicated in the Doe v. Chiquita Brands International in which he was accused of supplying the far-right wing terrorist group United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia with US$1.7 million, 3,400 AK-47 rifles and 4 million rounds of ammunition.
Dangerous Liaisons (2005 film)
Dangerous Liaisons is a 2005 gay pornographic film directed by Michael Lucas and released by Lucas Entertainment. The film is a film adaptation of Les Liaisons dangereuses, a novel written in 1782 by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. Set in the fashion industry of modern-day New York City, Lucas inserted pornographic scenes into the common themes of lust and deceit for the plot of his X-rated version.

A documentary of the film, More Dangerous: The Making of Michael Lucas' Dangerous Liaisons, premiered at the 2006 Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival on July 22, 2006.

X rating
An X rating is a film rating that indicates that the film contains content that is considered to be suitable only for adults. Films with an X rating may have scenes of graphic violence or explicit sexual acts that may be disturbing or offensive to some viewers. The X rating is used in different ways by different countries, and it may have legal or commercial implications for the distribution and exhibition of such films. For example, some countries may ban or restrict the sale or rental of X-rated films, while others may allow them only in specific theaters or with special taxes. Some countries may also have different criteria or definitions for what constitutes an X-rated film, and some may consider the artistic merit of the film as a factor in classification. The X rating has been renamed or replaced by other ratings in some countries over time.
Psilorhynchus rahmani
Psilorhynchus rahmani is a freshwater ray-finned fish a torrent minnow which is found in a small, well oxygenated hill stream near Chittagong University in Hathazari Upazila in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh. The specific name honours A. K. Ataur Rahman of the Department of Fisheries in Dhaka, for his contribution to the ichthyology of Bangladesh.

University of Chittagong
The University of Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) also known as Chittagong University (CU), is a public research university located in Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was established on 18 November 1966. It is the fifth oldest university of Bangladesh. Having an area of 2,312.32 acres (935.76 ha) campus, CU is the largest university in Bangladesh. It is one of the four autonomous universities of Bangladesh.
Edwin James Rothwell
Edwin James Rothwell (October 19, 1870 – June 29, 1927) was a physician and political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1924 to 1927 as a Liberal.

He was born in Brantford, Ontario, the son of William Rothwell and Margaret Turnbull, and was educated at Toronto University. Rothwell came to British Columbia in January 1897, passed the examination by the provincial council of physicians and surgeons and set up practice in Trail. In 1900, he married Eva McBee. Rothwell moved to New Westminster in 1902 and entered practice there in partnership with Dr. T. S. Hall. He died in office in Quesnel at the age of 56.

Quesnel, British Columbia
Quesnel (/kwəˈnɛl/) is a city in the Cariboo Regional District of British Columbia, Canada. Located nearly evenly between the cities of Prince George and Williams Lake, it is on the main route to northern British Columbia and the Yukon. Quesnel is located at the confluence of the Fraser River and Quesnel River. As of 2021, Quesnel's metropolitan area (census agglomeration) had a population of 23,113 making it one of the largest urban centres between Prince George and Kamloops.

Quesnel is a sister city to Shiraoi, Japan. Quesnel hosted the 2000 BC Winter Games, a biennial provincial amateur sports competition. To the east of Quesnel is Wells, Barkerville, and Bowron Lake Provincial Park, a popular canoeing destination in the Cariboo Mountains.
2006 Thomas Cup qualification
The 2006 Thomas Cup qualification process is a series of tournaments organised by the five IBF confederations to decide 10 of the 12 teams which will play in the 2006 Thomas Cup, with Japan qualifying automatically as hosts and China trophy holders.

Japan national badminton team
The Japan national badminton team (Japanese: 日本代表バドミントンチーム) represents Japan in international badminton competitions. The Japanese women's team have won the Uber Cup 6 times, with their most recent being the 2018 Uber Cup. The men's team won their first Thomas Cup title in 2014. The mixed team were runners-up three times at the Sudirman Cup.

The Japanese badminton team has been prestigious in the Olympics, having won a gold medal in the 2016 Summer Olympics and a silver and 2 bronze medals.
METR
Model Evaluation and Threat Research (METR) (MEE-tər), is a nonprofit research institute, based in Berkeley, California, that evaluates frontier AI models' capabilities to carry out long-horizon, agentic tasks that some researchers argue could pose catastrophic risks to society. They have worked with leading AI companies to conduct pre-deployment model evaluations and contribute to system cards, including OpenAI's o3, o4-mini, GPT-4o and GPT-4.5, and Anthropic's Claude models.

METR's CEO and founder is Beth Barnes, a former alignment researcher at OpenAI who left in 2022 to form ARC Evals, the evaluation division of Paul Christiano's Alignment Research Center. In December 2023, ARC Evals was then spun off into an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit and renamed METR.

OpenAI o3
OpenAI o3 is a reflective generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model developed by OpenAI as a successor to OpenAI o1 for ChatGPT. It is designed to devote additional deliberation time when addressing questions that require step-by-step logical reasoning. On January 31, 2025, OpenAI released a smaller model, o3-mini, followed on April 16 by o3 and o4-mini.
West Central (General Electors Communal Constituency, Fiji)
West Central General Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 3 communal constituencies reserved for General Electors, an omnibus category including Caucasians, Chinese, and all others whose ethnicity was neither indigenous Fijian nor Indo-Fijian. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 68 seats, 43 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage).

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

2001 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in August and September 2001. The Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua party won 18 of the 23 seats reserved for ethnic Fijians and one of three "general electorates" set aside for Fiji's European, Chinese, and other minorities. It also won 13 of the 25 "open electorates," so-called because they are open to candidates of any race and are elected by universal suffrage.  The remaining five ethnic Fijian seats, and one open electorate, were won by the Conservative Alliance, one of whom was George Speight who had led the putsch against the lawful government the year before. Chaudhry's Labour Party won all 19 Indo-Fijian seats and eight open electorates.  The New Labour Unity Party, formed by defectors from the FLP, won one general electorate and one open electorate.  The three remaining seats (one general electorate, one open electorate, and the Rotuman Islanders' seat) were won by minor parties and independent candidates.
WFSO
WFSO  (88.3 WFSO) is a Christian radio station licensed to Olivebridge, New York in north central Ulster County at the foothills of the Catskill Mountains. The station broadcasts on 88.3 MHz FM with 578 watts effective radiated power from a tower in Olivebridge.  WFSO is the full-service NCE flagship of Redeemer Broadcasting, Inc., a not-for-profit Christian radio ministry based in Olivebridge.  Redeemer also owns translators W266BX serving Catskill on 101.1 MHz FM and W212CC serving Newburgh on 90.3 MHz FM.

Catskill (town), New York
Catskill is a town in the southeastern section of Greene County, New York, United States, and is the county seat of Greene County. The population was 11,298 at the 2020 census, the largest town in the county. The western part of the town is in the Catskill Park. The town contains a village, also called Catskill. The village of Catskill has a well-defined Main Street. There is a public boat launch on the Hudson River called Dutchman's Landing.
Heracleum lehmannianum
Heracleum lehmannianum is a large flowering plant species in the genus Heracleum, within the family Apiaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

The species was first formally described by Alexander von Bunge and named after Russian botanist Alexander Lehmann.

Alexander von Bunge
Alexander Georg von Bunge (Russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Бу́нге; 6 October [O.S. 24 September] 1803 – 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1890) was a Russian botanist. He is best remembered for scientific expeditions into Asia and especially Siberia.
Peter Däppen
Peter Däppen (10 April 1950 – 7 March 2019) was a Swiss curler. He was an alternate on the Swiss rink that won a gold medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport. Later that year, he won a bronze medal at his first appearance at the 1992 European Curling Championships.

1992 European Curling Championships
The 1992 European Curling Championships were held from 7 to 12 December at Dewars Rink in Perth, Scotland.

Germany's Andy Kapp rink won that country's third European championship, and the first of two in his career. On the women's side, Team Elisabet Johansson (later Gustafson) won Sweden's eighth championship and the first of four titles for her in her career.
Instant Pot
Instant Pot is a brand of multicookers manufactured by Instant Pot Brands. The multicookers are electronically controlled, combined pressure cookers and slow cookers.

The original cookers were marketed as 6-in-1 appliances designed to consolidate the cooking and preparing of food to one device. The brand later expanded to include non-pressure slow cookers which can be left on for 8 hours or more, sous-vide immersion circulators, blenders, air fryers and rice cookers.

Instant Pot is owned by the private equity firm Centre Lane Partners.

Convection oven
A convection oven (also known as a fan-assisted oven, turbo broiler or simply a fan oven or turbo) is an oven that has fans to circulate air around food to create an evenly heated environment. In an oven without a fan, natural convection circulates hot air unevenly, so that it will be cooler at the bottom and hotter at the top than in the middle. Fan ovens cook food faster, and are also used in non-food, industrial applications.  Small countertop convection ovens for household use are often marketed as air fryers.

When cooking using a fan-assisted oven, the temperature is usually set lower than for a non-fan oven, often by 20 °C (36 °F), to avoid overcooking the outside of the food.
Spring Grove Farm and Distillery
The Spring Grove Farm and Distillery is an historic, American farm complex and distillery site that is located in Antrim Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Franklin County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,932. Its county seat is Chambersburg.

Franklin County comprises the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Governor of Isparta
The Governor of Isparta (Turkish: Isparta Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Isparta. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Isparta is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Isparta. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Isparta provincial police force and the Isparta Gendarmerie.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Voskresensky District
Voskresensky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The name is generally derived from or related to the root "voskreseniye" (resurrection).

Voskresensky District, Moscow Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Moscow Oblast

Voskresensky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Voskresensky District, Saratov Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Saratov Oblast

Voskresensky District, Saratov Oblast
Voskresensky District (Russian: Воскресенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,400 square kilometers (540 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Voskresenskoye. Population: 12,098 (2010 Census);  12,008 (2002 Census); 12,080 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Voskresenskoye accounts for 27.4% of the district's total population.
De Nicolay family
The de Nicolay family (de Nicolaÿ/Nicolaï) – refer to Nobility particle –  is an old European noble family of the Ancien Régime with its roots in Southern France at the early part of the 14th Century. There is however, evidence to suggest that its origins stretch further back to the growth of the city state of Florence at the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance. The Nicolay family was originally associated with the French noble classes of the Nobles of the Robe and the Nobles of the Sword.  It is well documented that members of the House of Nicolay became highly influential in the spheres of national government, law, the church, academia, military and diplomatic service, as well as the arts. They held the titles of marquis, count and baron.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Camp Roberts, California
Camp Roberts is a California National Guard post in central California, located on both sides of the Salinas River in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, now run by the California Army National Guard. It was opened in 1941 and is named after Corporal Harold W. Roberts, a World War I Medal of Honor recipient. Nearby communities include San Miguel, Heritage Ranch (Lake Nacimiento), Oak Shores (Lake Nacimiento), and Bradley, all unincorporated. The nearest incorporated city is Paso Robles.  Camp Roberts is roughly 25 miles (40 kilometers) southeast of Fort Hunter Liggett.

Camp Roberts is host to annual training for California Army National Guard units and the British Army.

As of 2014, Camp Roberts is undergoing major renovations, including demolition of World War II-era barracks. Demolition of the World War II-era structures facing US Route 101 began in 2012. To contain the hazardous materials from the demolished barracks, a large hazardous waste landfill was created.

Bradley, California
Bradley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Monterey County, California, on the Salinas River 14 miles (23 km) south-southeast of San Ardo and 20 miles (32 km) north of Paso Robles. Bradley sits at an elevation of 548 feet (167 m). The population was 69 at the 2020 census, down from 93 at the 2010 census.