hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve
Caerlaverock is a national nature reserve (NNR) covering parts of the mudflats and shoreline of the Solway Firth about 10 km south of Dumfries, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It lies between the River Nith and the Lochar Water, and consists of a variety of wetland habitats including bare mud and sand, merse and marshes, and is fringed by neutral grassland on the landward side. A nature reserve was designated in 1957 at the instigation of the Duke of Norfolk. The NNR covers an area of 82 square kilometres (32 sq mi) and is an internationally important wintering site for waterfowl and wading birds.

The NNR is now managed by NatureScot, but remains under private ownership, being managed by SNH under lease agreements. As much of the reserve is intertidal, Crown Estate Scotland are one of the major landowners. Management of the site seeks to balance the human activities (fishing, wildfowling and farming interests) with those of nature.

Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds   also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans. Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface. With the exception of screamers, males have penises, a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves, the clade consisting of all other modern birds except the galliformes and paleognaths. Due to their aquatic nature, most species are web-footed.
1998 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1998 British Open Championships was held at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, from 27 March – 5 April 1998. Peter Nicol won the title defeating Jansher Khan in the final. This win put an end to Khan's six year winning streak.

Peter Nicol
Peter Nicol MBE (born 5 April 1973) is a former professional squash player from Scotland, who represented first Scotland and then England in international squash. In 1998, while still competing for Scotland, he became the first player from the UK to hold the World No. 1 ranking. During his career, he won one World Open title, two British Open titles, and four Commonwealth Games gold medals. He is widely considered to be one of the most outstanding international squash players of his time and was famous for his post-match recovery BBQ meals. He was born in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire.
Anzali Operation
The Anzali Operation was a naval and amphibious action carried by the Soviet Caspian Flotilla during the Russian Civil War. The target was the White Russian Caspian Flotilla interned at Anzali, Iran, which was under the custody of the British North Persian Force.

North Persia Force
The North Persia Force (Norper force) was a British military force that operated in Northern Persia from 1918 to 1920. Following the British abandonment of Baku on the night of 14 September 1918, Major General Lionel Dunsterville evacuated the forces under his command, known as the Dunsterforce, in the dead of night, arriving in Bandar-e Anzali the following day. Two days later he was relieved of command, that position being taken by Major General W. M. Thomson.
OpenJPEG
OpenJPEG is an open-source library to encode and decode JPEG 2000 images. As of version 2.1 released in April 2014, it is officially conformant with the JPEG 2000 Part-1 standard. It was subsequently adopted by ImageMagick instead of JasPer in 6.8.8-2 and approved as new reference software for this standard in July 2015. OpenJPEG is a fork of libj2k, a JPEG-2000 codec library written by David Janssens during his master thesis at University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in 2001.
In April 2016 Grok was forked from libopenjp2 by Aaron Boxer under the more restrictive AGPL. He was aiming to close up to the performance of the much more efficient proprietary Kakadu library.

Unlike JasPer, another open-source JPEG 2000 implementation, OpenJPEG fully respects the JPEG 2000 specification and can compress and decompress lossless 16-bit images.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
Farlowella rugosa
Farlowella rugosa is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armored suckermouth catfishes.This catfish is found in French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. This species grows to a maximum standard length of 21.4 cm (8.4 in).

Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria, Dasyloricaria, Rineloricaria, Spatuloricaria, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys) in Panama and a single (Rineloricaria) in Costa Rica.
Istanbul Tanpınar Literature Festival
The Istanbul International Literature Festival (Turkish: İstanbul Tanpınar Edebiyat Festivali, ITEF), is an international literary event held in the city of Istanbul to focus on a variety of genres, and to bring together writers, publishers, literary translators, critics and journalists for a series of inspirational encounters. It is named after Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar.

Sevin Okyay
Sevin Okyay (born 11 November 1942, Istanbul) is a Turkish critic, journalist, author, columnist, radio host and translator. Best known for her translations of the Harry Potter books, Okyay is Turkey's first female film critic. She writes about cinema, sports, literature and jazz and hosts two radio shows: Caz ve Ötesi (Jazz and Beyond) and Cinayet Masası (Murder Desk).
Alsophila insulana
Alsophila insulana, synonym Cyathea insulana, is a species of tree fern native to New Guinea, where it grows in mossy forest and ravines at an altitude of 750–1600 m. The trunk of this species is erect, 8–10 m tall, and 14 cm in diameter. Fronds may be bi- or tripinnate and approximately 3 m in length. They form a spreading crown. The stipe bears thick spines as well as scales. These scales are either small, pale brown, with a short fringe, or large and glossy brown, with fragile edges. Sori are borne near the fertile pinnule midvein. They are protected by thin, pale indusia.

The specific epithet insulana, from Latin insula meaning "island", refers to New Guinea.

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.
Vanessa Menga
Vanessa Menga (born 10 October 1976) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player.

Born in São Paulo, she started playing tennis at the age of 4, when she went to an academy along with her father. At the age of 14, Menga went to train tennis in Barcelona, where she won her first doubles championship.

She's the only Brazilian female tennis player to play in two Summer Olympic Games, Atlanta 1996 (doubles with Miriam D’Agostini, falling in round 1), and Sydney 2000 (with Joana Cortez, falling in round 2). Menga was also in two Pan American Games, Mar Del Plata 1995 and Winnipeg 1999, where she won the doubles gold medal with Joana Cortez.

In 2001, Menga posed for Playboy Brazil. In 2003, she retired from tennis after a motorcycle accident which left her for eight months without playing. Menga now has an institute in São Paulo where she teaches tennis to over 200 children, and participates in other charity projects.

1995 Pan American Games
The 1995 Pan American Games, officially known as the XII Pan American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mar del Plata 1995, were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, from 12 to 26 March 1995. After 44 years, this was the Pan American Games' first return to the country that hosted the first Games, in 1951.
1988 Suntory Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
Kathy Jordan and Betsy Nagelsen were the defending champions but only Nagelsen competed that year with Elizabeth Smylie.

Nagelsen and Smylie lost in the quarterfinals to Lea Antonoplis and Barbara Gerken.

Gigi Fernández and Betsy Nagelsen won in the final 6–1, 6–4 against Antonoplis and Gerken.

Kathy Jordan
Kathryn  Jordan (born December 3, 1959) is a former American tennis player. During her career, she won seven Grand Slam titles, five of them in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. She also was the 1983 Australian Open women's singles runner-up and won three singles titles and 42 doubles titles.
1972 Prize of Moscow News
The 1972 Prize of Moscow News was the seventh edition of an international figure skating competition organized in Moscow, Soviet Union. It was held December 9–13, 1972. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing. Sergei Chetverukhin won the men's title for the third consecutive year. Canada's Cathy Lee Irwin took the ladies' title ahead of West Germany's Isabel de Navarre and the Soviet Union's Tatiana Oleneva. Irina Vorobieva / Alexander Vlasov defeated Olympic champions Ludmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov for gold in the pairs' category. In the ice dancing category, world champions Lyudmila Pakhomova / Alexander Gorshkov won their fourth gold medal at the event.

Oleg Protopopov
Oleg Alekseyevich Protopopov (Russian: Оле́г Алексе́евич Протопо́пов; 16 July 1932 – 31 October 2023) was a Russian pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With his wife Ludmila Belousova he was a two-time Olympic champion (1964, 1968) and four-time World champion (1965–1968). In 1979, the pair defected to Switzerland and became Swiss citizens in 1995. They continued to skate at ice shows and exhibitions until their seventies.
Alexeyevskoye Urban Settlement
Alexeyevskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Alexeyevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the work settlement of Alexeyevsk and two rural localities in Kirensky District of Irkutsk Oblast are incorporated as

Alexeyevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Alexeyevskoye in Alexeyevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan is incorporated as

Alexeyevsky District, Republic of Tatarstan
Alexeyevsky District (Russian: Алексе́евский райо́н; Tatar: Алексеевск районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. It is located in the central part of the region, on the left bank of the Kama river. The administrative center of the district is the urban-type settlement of Alekseevskoe.

The district was formed on August 10, 1930. In 1963, it was abolished and its lands transferred to the Chistopolsky District. The district was reestablished as an administrative unit on March 4, 1964.
Nynorsk salmebok
Nynorsk salmebok ('Nynorsk Hymnal'; full title: Nynorsk salmebok for kyrkja og heim og møte 'Nynorsk Hymnal for Church and Home and Meetings') is a Nynorsk hymnal that was edited by Bernt Støylen, Peter Hognestad, and Anders Hovden, and first published in 1925. Under a royal resolution of December 18 that year, it was recognized for use in worship services and in country church parishes (Norwegian: sogn) that adopted it. The hymnal originally contained 711 hymns, and under the royal resolution of October 1, 1926 it was decided to supplement it with 200 Bokmål additions from the old and new Landstad hymnal.

The Nynorsk hymns include 111 original compositions and 75 translated hymns by Elias Blix, 128 originals and 81 translations by Anders Hovden, and 62 originals and 139 translations by Bernt Støylen.

Regarding the collection, Anders Hovden commented: "Støylen was wise and warm, Hognestad was wise and cold. I myself was simply warm."

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Alonso López (footballer)
Alonso López (born 27 May 1957) is a Colombian footballer. He played in one match for the Colombia national football team in 1985. He was also part of Colombia's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament.

1975 Copa América
The 1975 edition of the Copa América football tournament was played between 17 July and 28 October. The tournament saw many significant shifts to its format, such as changing its name from South American Championship to Copa América and altering from a round-robin tournament to incorporating a group stage, a knockout round, and a final. Additionally all ten CONMEBOL countries participated for the first time, with defending champions Uruguay receiving a bye into the semi-finals and the rest starting in the group stage. For this tournament there was also no fixed venue, and all matches were played throughout the year in each country.
Top Pops
Top Pops is an original jazz compilation by Nat King Cole. It was released initially as 8 Top Pops in the 10-inch Capitol Records' LP format in 1952.  An expanded (12-track) version was reissued in 1955 in a 12-inch LP format as Top Pops.  Four additional "bonus" tracks were added to later CD reissues.

Jack Elliott (composer)
Irwin Elliott Zucker (August 6, 1927 – August 18, 2001) was an American television and film composer, conductor, music arranger, television producer, and co-founder of the New American Orchestra, later renamed the American Jazz Philharmonic.
Kintampo, Ghana
Kintampo is a town and tourist destination in the Bono East Region of Ghana. It became the capital of Kintampo North Municipal in 2004. Kintampo has a population of 111 000. It also served as the capital of the former Kintampo District. Kintampo also has Senior High Schools (KINSS) which is located at Kyeremankoma, has participated in the National Science Quiz on numerous occasions. Modern Senior High School (MODESS). Kintampo Technical Institute- KINTECH and Centre College Senior High School. There is a College of Health, The Kintampo College of Health and Well-being (CoHK) in the town, which is proposed to become a full fledge University. Most of the population in Kintampo are farmers, with production focused on yams, maize, cashew, mangoes, legumes, tubers and other vegetables. The main ethnicity of Kintampo are the Bono people. There are other settler tribes including the Wangara, Grushi, Grumah, Konkomba, Mo, Frafra and the others.

Gurma people
The Gurma (or Gourma or Gourmantché) are an ethnic group living mainly in northeastern Ghana, Burkina Faso, around Fada N'Gourma, and also in northern areas of Togo and Benin, as well as southwestern Niger.

They might include the Bassaries who live in northern Togo and the Northern Volta of Kingdom of Dagbon, Ghana.

Gurma is also the name of a language spoken by the Gurma people, which is part of the Gur language family. See Gourmanché and Oti–Volta languages for related languages spoken by the Gurma.
Dabulamanzi kaMpande
Dabulamanzi kaMpande (c. 1839 – September 22, 1886) was a Zulu commander for the Zulu kingdom in the Anglo-Zulu War. He is most noted for having commanded the Zulus at the Battle of Rorke's Drift. He was a half-brother of the Zulu king Cetshwayo.

After the defeat of the Zulus, and the deposition of Cetshwayo, Dabulamanzi campaigned for the return of his brother to power. When Cetshwayo was restored in 1883, Dabulamanzi fought on his behalf to maintain the unity of the Zulu kingdom. Dabulamanzi means, ‘the one who conquers the waters’.

Zulu people
Zulu people (/ˈzuːluː/; Zulu: amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa, living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of Shaka brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.

Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the Umhlanga, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.

The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the nation and specific traditions. Today, the Zulu people are predominantly Christian, but have created a syncretic religion that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.
Bălțești
Bălțești is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Bălțești, Izești, and Podenii Vechi.

The commune is located in the central part of Prahova County, 26 km (16 mi) northeast of the county seat, Ploiești.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Cui Xingwu
Cui Xingwu (simplified Chinese: 崔兴武; traditional Chinese: 崔興武; pinyin: Cuī Xìngwǔ; 1885–1948) was a Chinese officer in the army defending Rehe in the Second Sino-Japanese War that defected with his brigade to the Japanese and joined the Army of Manchukuo.

Cui Xingwu was an officer in the 55th Army of Rehe province under its governor Tang Yulin. In February 1933 while commanding the 9th Cavalry Brigade at Kailu in the Battle of Rehe, Cui defected to the Japanese invaders with his whole unit.  Later in April with puppet forces of Liu Guitang and Li Shouxin and the Japanese 4th Cavalry Brigade Cui moved into eastern Chahar Province.  His force captured several cities but was defeated and driven out of Chahar by the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army.

Tang Yulin
Tang Yulin (traditional Chinese: 湯玉麟; simplified Chinese: 汤玉麟; pinyin: Tāng Yùlín; Wade–Giles: T'ang Yü-lin; 1877–1937) was a Chinese general who served in the Northeastern Army. An important member of the Fengtian clique that governed Manchuria during the Warlord Era, he served as warlord of Rehe Province. His military incompetence was a major factor Japan's successful invasion of that province in 1934.
Eleanor P. Brown
Eleanor P. Brown is an American economist. She is the James Irvine Professor of Economics at Pomona College in Claremont, California, and is a co-editor of the academic journal Review of Economics of the Household.

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on the nonprofit and voluntary sector. The journal's editors are Joanne Carman (University of North Carolina at Charlotte) and Jaclyn Piatak (University of North Carolina at Charlotte). It was established in 1972 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action
.
Aleksandar Vasiljević (general)
Aleksandar Vasiljević (born 8 July 1938) is a Serbian retired major general and the head of the Counterintelligence Service of Yugoslavia. Vasiljević was instrumental in the JBTZ trial as he was the interrogation official responsible to talking with Janez Janša, which centered on Slovene dissidents and the publishing of sensitive information in the youth magazine Mladina. Vasiljević retired in May 1992 and was arrested for his role in an interview with the weekly publication NIN. He was again deputy head between March 1999 and 2001. He testified in the Hague trial against Slobodan Milošević.

Trial of Slobodan Milošević
The war crimes trial of Slobodan Milošević, the former President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) lasted for just over four years from 2002 until his death in 2006. Milošević faced 66 counts of crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes committed during the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. He pleaded not guilty to all the charges.

In 2016, the ICTY issued a judgement in the separate trial of Radovan Karadžić, which concluded that there was no evidence from that particular trial that Milošević had "participated in the realization of the common criminal objective" and that he "and other Serbian leaders openly criticised Bosnian Serb leaders of committing crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing and the war for their own purposes" during the Bosnian War.
Richard Tompkins
Granville Richard Francis Tompkins CBE (15 May 1918 – 6 December 1992) was a British print, advertising and retail entrepreneur, best known for founding the Green Shield Stamps company, as well as the Argos chain of catalogue stores which became one of the largest retailers in the United Kingdom, and a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.