hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stagnogley
A stagnogley soil is a type of non-alluvial, non-calcareous soil that is typically loamy or clayey soil with a dense, impervious, subsurface horizon.
Stagnogley soils are related to the pseudogleys and are classified as gleyic soils. The name "stagnogley" comes from the soil's gley dynamics. This hygroscopic soil is nutrient-poor, often highly acidic, and poorly aerated, making it unsuitable for farming due to poor crop growth. With a shallow topsoil layer and a moderately stony subsoil, stagnogley soil is mainly used for woodland,  supporting tree species that thrive well in these conditions, such as the English Oak.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
Battle of Famaillá
The Battle of Famaillá (Famaillá, Tucumán Province, Argentina, September 19, 1841), was a Federal Party victory, under the command of former Uruguayan president Manuel Oribe, over the army of the Unitarian Party under general Juan Lavalle, during the Argentine Civil War.

Manuel Oribe
Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana (August 26, 1792 – November 12, 1857) was the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and founder of Uruguay's National Party, the oldest Uruguayan political party and considered one of the two Uruguayan "traditional" parties, along with the Colorado Party, which was, until the 20th century, its only political adversary.
Suresh Krishna (businessman)
Suresh Krishna, an Indian industrialist, is the Chairman of Sundram Fasteners Limited (SFL), and the Chairman of the holding company, T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Pvt Ltd.

Suresh Krishna is the grandson of the founder of TVS Group, late Sri T V Sundram Iyengar, and the eldest son of the late Sri T S Krishna.

TVS Group
TVS Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate with its principal headquarters in Madurai and international headquarters in Chennai. It has more than 50 subsidiaries including the two-wheeler manufacturer TVS Motor Company and TVS Supply Chain Solutions.
Anastasia Schipanova
Anastasia Schipanova is a Russian contemporary artist, model, actress, fashion designer, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Belarus. She represented Belarus at Miss Earth 2018 in Manila, Philippines. She was also crowned Miss Intercontinental Belarus in 2017 and recognised as one of the top 10 most beautiful women in Russia at Miss Russia 2014.

As an artist, she’s known for her unique art style, Energy Abstract, and as a psychologist, she’s the founder of the scientific-psychological art project "Eternal Life". The project aims to maximize life expectancy and explore concepts of immortality while raising consciousness and improving worldviews.

Bay City, Metro Manila
Bay City, also known as the Manila Bay Freeport Zone and Manila Bay Area, is the name for the reclamation area on Manila Bay located west of Roxas Boulevard and the Manila–Cavite Expressway in Metro Manila, Philippines. The area is split between the cities of Manila and Pasay on the north side and Parañaque on the south.
Junjō no Afilia
Junjō no Afilia (純情のアフィリア), formerly Afilia Saga East (アフィリア・サーガ・イースト, Afiria Sāga Īsuto) and Afilia Saga (アフィリア・サーガ, Afiria Sāga), is a Japanese female vocal group associated with a chain of maid cafés and restaurants called Afilia Group. Its members represent (work at) shops in the Tokyo districts of Ikebukuro, Ueno, Roppongi and Shinjuku. The group jointly formed by Chiyomaru Shikura and voice actress and singer Haruko Momoi. People who have written songs for the group include Tsunku and Kōsuke Ōjima.

Ikebukuro
Ikebukuro (池袋; [ikebɯkɯɾo]) is a district in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. Centered around Ikebukuro Station, the third-busiest railway station in Japan, it serves as one of Tokyo’s major commercial and entertainment districts and is considered a primary urban hub of northern Tokyo. Notable landmarks in Ikebukuro include the Toshima Ward Office, the Sunshine City complex and the flagship department stores of Seibu and Tōbu.

Since the 1980s, Ikebukuro has also developed as a major residential center of the Chinese community in Tokyo.
HMS Grenville
Four Royal Navy ships have been named HMS Grenville. Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grenville was an Elizabethan sailor, explorer, and soldier:

HMS Grenville (1763), a 12-gun schooner of 69 tons purchased in Newfoundland on 7 June 1763, having formerly been called Sally, and used as a survey vessel. Broken up in March 1775.

HMS Grenville (1916), a destroyer leader launched on 17 June 1916 and sold in December 1931.

HMS Grenville (H03), a G-class destroyer leader launched on 15 August 1935 and sunk 19 January 1940.

HMS Grenville (R97), a U-class destroyer, launched 12 October 1942, and disposed of in 1983.

The Royal Canadian Navy also operated a fishery protection vessel, HMCS Grenville, launched in Toronto in 1915.

HMS Grenville (R97)
HMS Grenville was the second ship of this name to serve with the Royal Navy in the Second World War. Grenville and seven other U-class destroyers were ordered as part of the Emergency Programme. She was launched at Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd., Wallsend-on-Tyne on 12 October 1942 and commissioned on 27 May 1943.

The Royal Navy's practice had been to name all destroyers of a class with names starting with the class letter, in this "U". However, the Royal Navy had reverted to an earlier practice of naming the flotilla leader after a prominent historical seaman, in this case after Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grenville, an Elizabethan soldier and sailor.
The F***ing Fulfords
The F***ing Fulfords is a 2004 documentary-style reality television programme. It was shown in August 2004 and made the name of  Francis Fulford and his family when it was aired as part of the United Kingdom's Channel 4 TV series Cutting Edge.

Cutting Edge (TV series)
Cutting Edge is a British TV documentary series broadcast by Channel 4. It had been Channel 4's flagship documentary series between 19 February 1990 and 26 October 2017 that focused on political and social issues.
Sir Alexander Lauder, 4th Baronet
Sir Alexander Lauder of Fountainhall, 4th Baronet (6 November 1698 – 17 May 1730) succeeded to the baronetcy of his father, Sir John Lauder, 3rd Baronet in February 1728. He was made an Honorary Burgess of the City of Glasgow on 16 September of that year, and of the burgh of Aberdeen on 15 August 1729. He died unmarried and was interred in the Lauder burial vault within Greyfriars Kirk.

He was succeeded by his next younger brother, Sir Andrew Lauder, 5th Baronet.

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
Kantu
Kantu or k'antu is an ancient style of music and circle dance which is widespread since incaic or even preincaic epoch on the Peruvian and Bolivian highlands. Modern versions of this style still use the Quechua or Aymara language and the siku (ceremonial panpipe). Some musicologists argue that the name for this style comes from the Spanish word 'canto' meaning 'song.' Linguists might argue that the name comes from the Quechua word 'k'antu' which is a widely known flower in Bolivia. Also, k'antu may be a word of extinct Puquina language with unknown meaning.

Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru
This is a chart of cultural periods of Peru and the Andean Region developed by John Rowe and Edward Lanning and used by some archaeologists studying the area. An alternative dating system was developed by Luis Lumbreras and provides different dates for some archaeological finds.

Most of the cultures of the Late Horizon and some of the cultures of the Late Intermediate joined the Inca Empire by 1493, but the period ends in 1532 because that marks the fall of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest. Most of the cut-off years mark either an end of a severe drought or the beginning of one. These marked a shift of the most productive farming to or from the mountains and tended to mark the end of one culture and the rise of another.

The more recent findings concerning the Norte Chico civilization are not included on this list, as it was compiled before the site at Caral was investigated in detail.
Coastal regions of Western Australia
Western Australia has the longest coastline of any state or territory in Australia, at 10,194 km or 12,889 km (20,781 km including islands). It is a significant portion of the coastline of Australia, which is 35,877 km (59,736 km including islands).

The earliest full charting of the coastline occurred during exploration in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

The coastline has some features or organisms that are found on the entire length, while some others are specific to particular coastal regions.

Various government map posters have been created over time, which have examples of coastal form, or types of coast such as the 1984 map with photos.

D'Entrecasteaux National Park
D'Entrecasteaux National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 315 kilometres (196 mi) south of Perth. The park is named after the French Admiral Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux who was the first European to sight the area and name Point D'Entrecasteaux in 1792.
The park received 168,497 visitors through 2008–2009.
Cazin
Cazin is the largest city in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in northwest Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Bosanska Krajina region, near the border with Croatia. As of 2013, it has a population of 66,149 inhabitants. The municipality is often also called Cazinska Krajina. The town of Cazin is located on the main road which connects Bihać and Velika Kladuša.

Collective farming
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise. There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective; and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization.
2006 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2006 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament took place February 28, March 2, 4, 2011, at campus sites. The tournament was won by the Winthrop Eagles, as they defeated Liberty in the quarterfinals 93–52, High Point 77–65 in the semifinal round, and finally Coastal Carolina 51–50 in the championship game.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Samdani
Samdani is a Muslim surname of Arabic origin that is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Notable people with the name include:

Abdur Rahman Samdani (1886–1925), Kashmiri diplomat and journalist

Rajeeb Samdani (born 1974), Bangladeshi industrialist and founder of Samdani Art Foundation

Khwaja Muhammad Ahmad Samdani (1932–2013), Pakistani judge

Shakeel Ahmed Samdani (1961–2012), Indian academic

Nurunnabi Samdani, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician

Samdani Art Foundation
The Samdani Art Foundation is a private art foundation founded in 2011 in Dhaka, Bangladesh that aims to increase artistic engagement between the art and architecture of Bangladesh and the rest of the world.
It is best known for producing the bi-annual Dhaka Art Summit, which is the highest daily visited contemporary art exhibition in the world, welcoming over 477,000 visitors in its fifth edition in February 2020. It completed its sixth edition in 2023. The foundation produces education programmes and exhibitions across the year in collaboration with Bangladeshi and international institutions and is one of the most active art institutions in South Asia.
WKTB-CD
WKTB-CD (channel 47) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Norcross, Georgia, United States, serving the Atlanta area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by locally based Gray Media alongside independent station and company flagship WANF (channel 46), and The CW affiliate WPCH-TV (channel 17). WKTB-CD's studios are located on Green River Parkway in Duluth, and its transmitter is located on Goshen Springs Road (near the I-85/SR 140 interchange) just outside Norcross. Master control and most internal operations are based at the shared studios of WANF and WPCH-TV on 14th Street Northwest in Atlanta's Home Park neighborhood.

The 47.2 signal is rebroadcast in widescreen standard definition on full-power WANF to provide a Telemundo signal to the entire market, using virtual channel 47.1.

Georgia State Route 140
State Route 140 (SR 140) is a 78.6-mile-long (126.5 km) state highway in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the Armuchee and Peachtree Corners areas, within portions of Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Fulton, Gwinnett counties.
Promi Big Brother season 4
The fourth series of Promi Big Brother started on 2 September 2016 and ended on 16 September 2016. It was the fourth series of the Big Brother franchise on Sat.1, after it left RTL II. 5 celebrity housemates ("promis") entered the house on Day 1 and the other 7 celebrities entered on Day 3. The show was hosted by Jochen Schropp.

RTL Zwei
RTL Zwei (stylised as RTLZWEI), formerly spelled RTL 2 and RTL II, is a German-language television channel that is operated by RTL2 Television GmbH & Co. KG. RTL2 is a private general entertainment (Vollprogramm) tv channel on the basis of the Interstate Broadcasting Agreement (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag). Variants of the channel are produced for Austria and Switzerland, with their own advertising. They can be received via cable networks in Austria and Switzerland, and more widely by digital satellite. RTL Zwei is part-owned by RTL Group in Germany.
Charles R. Ellet
Charles Rivers Ellet (June 1, 1843 – October 29, 1863) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He served in the United States Ram Fleet under his father Charles Ellet, Jr. and as commanding officer of the ram fleet as part of the Mississippi Marine Brigade under his uncle Alfred W. Ellet.  He commanded the ram ships USS Queen of the West, USS Switzerland, USS Lancaster and USS Monarch during the brown-water navy battle for control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries as part of the Vicksburg Campaign from 1862 to 1863.

At only nineteen years of age, he was one of the youngest colonels in the Union Army.  His daring runs of two different ram ships past the batteries at Vicksburg as well as operations on the Yazoo River won him praise from William T. Sherman and David Dixon Porter.  However, he was criticized by Porter when his aggressive actions on the Red River led to the capture of the Queen of the West by Confederate forces.

Brown-water navy
A brown-water navy or riverine navy, in the broadest sense, is a naval force capable of military operations in inland waters (rivers, lakes and inland seas) and nearshores. The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers, along with the larger "mother ships" that supported them.

Brown-water navies are typically only used for patrolling and enforcing internal waters, in contrast to blue-water navies, which can independently conduct operations in the open oceans and project power far offshore. Green-water navies, which operate mainly in brackish estuaries, bays and shallow seas not too far off coasts (typically within the bounds of exclusive economic zones), fill the operational gap between brown-water and blue-water navies.
Crawling King Snake
"Crawling King Snake" (alternatively "Crawlin' King Snake" or "Crawling/Crawlin' Kingsnake") is a blues song that has been recorded by numerous blues and other artists.  It is believed to have originated as a Delta blues in the 1920s and be related to earlier songs, such as "Black Snake Blues" by Victoria Spivey and "Black Snake Moan" by Blind Lemon Jefferson.

As "Crawling King Snake", it was first recorded by Big Joe Williams on March 27, 1941.  The song is a country-style blues, with Williams on vocal and nine-string guitar and William Mitchell providing imitation bass accompaniment.  On June 3, 1941, Delta bluesman Tony Hollins  recorded "a markedly different version", which served as the basis for many subsequent versions.

Nine-string guitar
A nine-string guitar is a guitar with nine strings instead of the commonly used six strings. Such guitars are not as common as the six-string variety, but are used by guitarists to modify the sound or expand the range of their instrument.
Daily Messenger
The Daily Messenger is an American daily newspaper published weekday afternoons and on Sundays (as the Sunday Messenger) in Canandaigua, New York. It is owned by USA Today Co.

In addition to the city of Canandaigua, the Daily Messenger covers all of Ontario County, and its associated weekly newspapers cover Monroe and Wayne counties. Together, the Messenger Post Newspapers cover the eastern portion of the Rochester metropolitan area.

Canandaigua, New York
Canandaigua (/ˌkænənˈdeɪɡwə/) is a city in Ontario County, New York, United States. Its population was 10,576 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Ontario County; some administrative offices are at the county complex in the adjacent town of Hopewell.

The city is surrounded by the Town of Canandaigua. The City of Canandaigua is on the northern end of Canandaigua Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Rochester, 68 miles (109 km) west of Syracuse, and 93 miles (150 km) east of Buffalo. Canandaigua is part of the Greater Rochester area and is Rochester’s southernmost suburb.
Elroy Maule
Elroy Maule (May 16, 1913 – April 19, 1984) was an American politician who served in the Iowa House of Representatives from the 57th district from 1957 to 1967.

He died of cancer on April 19, 1984, in Onawa, Iowa at age 70.

Onawa, Iowa
Onawa is a city in and the county seat of Monona County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,906 at the time of the 2020 Census. It is the largest town on the Iowa side of the Missouri River between Council Bluffs and Sioux City.
Lepidopalpus
Lepidopalpus is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Lymantriinae. Its only species, Lepidopalpus hyalina, is found in southern Africa. Both the genus and the species were first described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1915.

Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse
Dr Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse, also known as Antonius Johannes Theodorus Janse and by other orthographic variations (19 April 1877 – 12 June 1970), was a pioneer of South African entomology who specialised in Lepidoptera. His multi-volumed work, The Moths of South Africa is recognized as a definitive text.
Spatial twist continuum
In finite element analysis, the spatial twist continuum (STC) is a dual representation of a hexahedral mesh that defines the global connectivity constraint. Generation of an STC can simplify the automated generation of a mesh.  The method was published in 1993 by a group led by Peter Murdoch.

The name is derived from the description of the surfaces that define the connectivity of the hexahedral elements. The surfaces are arranged in the three principal dimensions such that they form orthogonal intersections that coincide with the centroid of the hexahedral element. They are arranged predominately coplanar to each other in their respective dimensions yet they can twist into the other dimensional planes through transitions. The surfaces are unbroken throughout the entire volume of the mesh hence they are continuums.

Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.
Righteous Army Command
The Righteous Army Command (Korean: 의군부) was a monarchist independence movement group organized in Manchuria in 1919. Their military foundation was based on the former Righteous Army fighters who escaped to Manchuria after failing to retake Seoul from the Japanese Empire. They were known for fighting alongside militant independence groups at several major battles against the Japanese. When they joined the Korean Unification Government, they came into conflict with them due to ideological differences between monarchism and republicanism which led to several bloody conflicts. Eventually they withdrew from the government to establish themselves as an autonomous organization, but due to the rise in democracy and socialism their power waned and they disbanded to joined the other autonomous organizations.

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.
Daniel Giraldo Correa
Daniel Giraldo Correa (born 1 March 1984) is a Colombian Paralympic swimmer who competes at international elite swimming competitions. He is an eight-time Parapan American Games champion and has competed at the Paralympic Games three times.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.