hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Институт истории СО РАН) is a part of the Historical and Philological Studies Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Currently, as a result of the dissolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute is subordinate to the Federal Agency of Scientific Institutions. It is focused on comprehensive studies of history of Siberia in from the 16th to the 20th centuries.

History of Siberia
The early history of Siberia was greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west of the Ural Mountains and Xiongnu (Noin-Ula) on the east of the Urals, both flourishing before the common era. The steppes of Siberia were occupied by a succession of nomadic peoples, including the Khitan people, various Turkic peoples, and the Mongol Empire. In the Late Middle Ages, Tibetan Buddhism spread into the areas south of Lake Baikal.

During the Russian Empire, Siberia was chiefly developed as an agricultural province. The government also used it as a place of exile, sending Avvakum, Dostoevsky, and the Decemberists, among others, to work camps in the region. During the 19th century, the Trans-Siberian Railway was constructed, supporting industrialization. This was also aided by discovery and exploitation of vast reserves of Siberian mineral resources.
1852 Iowa Senate election
In the 1852 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the fourth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 19 to 31 seats in 1852, elections were held for 22 of the state senate's 31 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

The general election took place in 1852.

Following the previous election in 1850, Democrats had control of the Iowa Senate with 14 seats to Whigs' five seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Whigs needed to net 11 Senate seats.

Democrats maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1852 general election with the balance of power shifting to Democrats holding 20 seats and Whigs having 11 seats (a net gain of 6 seats for both Democrats and Whigs). Democratic Senator William E. Leffingwell was chosen as the President of the Iowa Senate for the fourth General Assembly, succeeding Democratic Senator Enos Lowe in that leadership position.

Enos Lowe
Enos Lowe (May 5, 1804 – February 13, 1880) was a pioneer medical doctor and businessman who was among the original founders of Omaha, Nebraska, and served as president of the Second Iowa Constitutional Convention.
Police accountability
Police accountability involves holding both individual police officers and law enforcement agencies responsible for effectively delivering basic crime control services and maintaining order, while treating individuals fairly and within the bounds of the law.  Police are expected to uphold laws, regarding due process, search and seizure, arrests, discrimination, as well as other laws relating to equal employment, sexual harassment, etc. Holding police accountable is important for maintaining the public's "faith in the system".: 42  Research has shown that the public prefers independent review of complaints against law enforcement, rather than relying on police departments to conduct internal investigations. Public perception of police accountability can be partisan. Electoral accountability can improve police accountability of asset forfeiture.

Partisan (politics)
A partisan is a committed member or supporter of a political party or political movement. In multi-party systems, the term is used for persons who strongly support their party's policies and are reluctant to compromise with political opponents.
Kania Górka
Kania Górka [ˈkaɲa ˈɡurka] (German: Kannenwinkel) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrowice, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) east of Ostrowice, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 107 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
2024 Fairfield Challenger
The 2024 Fairfield Pro Tennis Championship was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fairfield, California, United States between October 6 and October 13, 2024.

Bruno Kuzuhara
Bruno Kuzuhara (born April 1, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 394, achieved on 22 July 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 587, achieved on 29 September 2025.

Kuzuhara won the 2022 Australian Open Juniors singles and doubles events. He reached an ITF junior combined ranking of world No. 1 in January 2022.
Lake Luzerne (CDP), New York
Lake Luzerne is the primary hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Lake Luzerne, Warren County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,227, out of 3,347 residents in the entire town of Lake Luzerne. Before that, the community was part of the Lake Luzerne-Hadley census-designated place.

Lake Luzerne CDP is in southern Warren County, in the western part of its town. It is named for Lake Luzerne, a water body on the east side of the hamlet. The community is bordered to the west by the Hudson River, across which is the town of Hadley in Saratoga County. The Luzerne Music Center is on the east side of the lake.

New York State Route 9N passes through Lake Luzerne, leading northeast 11 miles (18 km) to Lake George and south 19 miles (31 km) to Saratoga Springs. Glens Falls is 12 miles (19 km) to the east by county roads.

Lake George (village), New York
The Village of Lake George is a village within the town of Lake George in Warren County, New York, United States, located at the southern end of its namesake lake. The population was 906 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village and the surrounding area is a famous summertime tourist region and historic summer colony, which at one time included Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe.

Lake George was the county seat of Warren County until 1963, when the county seat was moved to Queensbury.
Acer yangbiense
Acer yangbiense is a species of maple with a very restricted distribution in Yunnan, China, only known from around ten specimens from a single locality on the western slope of Mount Cangshan in Yangbi County.

Acer yangbiense is a deciduous tree up to 20 metres (66 ft) in height with noticeably pubescent new branchlets. The leaves are five-lobed and large, up to 20 cm long and 25 cm across, again with clear pubescence on the veins on the underside of the leaves.

Yangbi Yi Autonomous County
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 漾濞彝族自治县; pinyin: Yàngbì Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Bai: Jiod•vut or Qiot•binp or Yanb•bif or Yond•vut) is a county of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west of Yunnan Province, China. It borders Dali City and Weishan to the east, Changning County to the south, Yongping County and Yunlong County to the west, and Eryuan County to the north.
Bača pri Podbrdu
Bača pri Podbrdu (pronounced [ˈbaːtʃa pɾi pɔdˈbəɾdu]) is a dispersed settlement above Podbrdo in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It lies on the southern slopes of Mount Kobla and is a popular starting point for hiking trips into the surrounding peaks of the southern Julian Alps.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Leonard and belongs to the Parish of Podbrdo.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Mäk Gälis
Joonas Aleksi Galle, better known by his stage name Mäk Gälis (born in 1989), is a Finnish rap artist. He released his first album Lähi-öissä on 26 April 2013 on WEA / Warner Music Finland. His song "Saa föraa" was used for the compilation album on the occasion of the 2013 International Ice Hockey Federation World Championship. noting that Mäk Gälis was a junior ice hockey player himself and part of the E-89 national side.

JVG (band)
JVG (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjiːˌʋeːˌɡeː]; formerly known as Jare & VilleGalle) is a Finnish rap duo made up of Jare Joakim Brand (born 8 October 1987)  and Ville-Petteri Galle (born 4 October 1987).

Their style is often referred to as sport rap. Both Jare and Ville are passionate athletes and originally became famous for their unique and comical sports-themed songs, where they rapped about ice hockey, soccer, doping, Finnish sportspeople (such as Jari Litmanen and Teemu Selänne), snus and playing NHL video games. Some of their comedic lyrics are thought to be incomprehensible to those not from East Helsinki as much of their music adopts slang from the Eastern part of the Finnish capital.

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, JVG held a virtual reality concert on the first of May in a simulated version of Helsinki, with estimated attendance somewhere from 700,000 to over 1,000,000.
Karczyn-Wieś
Karczyn-Wieś [ˈkart͡ʂɨn ˈvjɛɕ] is a small village in Poland the administrative district of Gmina Inowrocław, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. In Karczyn are 12 houses, one roundabout, paintball Ares. Artist Krystian Wrzeszcz has a studio there: Kazzul studio.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Douglas Township, Iowa
Douglas Township, Iowa can refer to one of the following townships in Iowa:

Douglas Township, Adams County

Douglas Township, Appanoose County

Douglas Township, Audubon County

Douglas Township, Boone County

Douglas Township, Bremer County

Douglas Township, Clay County

Douglas Township, Harrison County

Douglas Township, Ida County

Douglas Township, Madison County

Douglas Township, Mitchell County

Douglas Township, Montgomery County

Douglas Township, Page County

Douglas Township, Polk County

Douglas Township, Sac County

Douglas Township, Shelby County

Douglas Township, Union County

Douglas Township, Webster County

Bremer County, Iowa
Bremer County (/ˈbriːmər/) is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 24,988. Its county seat is Waverly. The county was named for Fredrika Bremer, a Swedish feminist writer.

Bremer County is included in the Waterloo-Cedar Falls metropolitan area.
Paul Delaunay
Paul-Marie Delaunay (16 February 1878, Mayenne – 3 February 1958) was a French physician and historian. During World War I, he served as a medical officer. Following the war, he returned to practicing medicine in Le Mans. He made significant contributions to the history of medicine.

Le Mans
Le Mans (/ləˈmɒ̃/; French: [lə mɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.

Its inhabitants are called Manceaux (male) and Mancelles (female). Since 1923, the city has hosted the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the world's oldest active endurance sports car race. The event is among the most attended and prestigious motor sports events in the world.
2014 Teen Choice Awards
The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10, 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion, which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29, 2014 near the campus. It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00–10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed. The awards celebrate the year's achievements in music, film, television, sports, fashion, comedy, and the Internet, and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19.
Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show.

One Direction were the biggest winners of the night, winning all ten awards they were nominated for (including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans). The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well, including four awards for Ansel Elgort.

Pauley Pavilion
The Edwin W. Pauley Pavilion, commonly known as Pauley Pavilion, is an indoor arena located in the Westwood Village district of Los Angeles, California, on the campus of UCLA. It is home to the UCLA Bruins men's and women's basketball teams. The men's and women's volleyball and women's gymnastics teams also compete here. All teams, except for the men's volleyball team, compete in the Big Ten Conference.

The building, designed by architect Welton Becket, was dedicated in June 1965, named for University of California Regent Edwin W. Pauley, who had matched the alumni contributions. Pauley donated almost one fifth of the more than $5 million spent in constructing the arena. The arena was renovated in 2010–12 and was reopened on November 9, 2012, when it hosted a men's basketball game against Indiana State.
Ponder High School
Ponder High School is a public high school located in Ponder, Texas (USA) and classified as a 3A school by the UIL. It is part of the Ponder Independent School District located in southwestern Denton County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Shawn Simmons is the principal of the school.

The school district boundary, and therefore the high school attendance zone, includes Ponder, DISH, and portions of Denton and Northlake.

Denton County, Texas
Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the seventh-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.
Deaths in April 1996
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 1996.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games: women's 200 metres, women's long jump and women's shot put. There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries.
Execuflight Flight 1526
Execuflight Flight 1526 was a domestic charter flight flying from Dayton–Wright Brothers Airport to Akron Executive Airport in Ohio. On November 10, 2015, while on approach into Akron, the crew unknowingly let the airspeed of the aircraft decrease until it stalled and crashed into a building. There were no casualties on the ground, but the 9 occupants were killed.

Dayton–Wright Brothers Airport
39°35′20″N 084°13′30″W﻿ / ﻿39.58889°N 84.22500°W﻿ / 39.58889; -84.22500

Dayton–Wright Brothers Airport (IATA: MGY, ICAO: KMGY, FAA LID: MGY) is a public airport located 10 miles (16 km) south of the central business district of Dayton, Ohio, located mainly in Miami Township, Montgomery County and partly in Clearcreek Township, Warren County, near the suburb of Springboro. It is owned and operated by the City of Dayton and serves as the reliever airport for Dayton International Airport. It mainly serves corporate and personal aircraft users. The airport's identifying code, MGY, is a reference to its former name of Montgomery County Airport.
The Merle Travis Guitar
The Merle Travis Guitar is the second album by Merle Travis and his first instrumental album. It was recorded in 1955  and released on January 1, 1956 by Capitol Records. Together with another Capitol release of the previous year, Back Home, it introduced the style of guitar playing that came to be known as Travis picking to a wide public of finger-style guitarists and folk music enthusiasts.  The album contains a selection of traditional guitar pickers' tunes from Travis' native Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, and includes old standards, blues and rags.

Muhlenberg County, Kentucky
Muhlenberg County (/ˈmjuːlənbɜːrɡ/) is a county in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,928. Its county seat is Greenville and its largest city is Central City.
Karla Bernard
Karla Bernard is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in the 2019 Prince Edward Island general election. She represents the district of Charlottetown-Victoria Park as a member of the Green Party of Prince Edward Island.

She was re-elected in the 2023 general election. She was named interim Green Party leader on July 21, 2023 until June 2025 until the election Matt Macfarlane as the leader of the party.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Miles Ahead (soundtrack)
Miles Ahead is the original motion picture soundtrack of the 2015 film of the same name. Released on April 1, 2016, the soundtrack features music by Miles Davis, Robert Glasper, and Taylor Eigsti, with dialogue tracks by Don Cheadle, Ewan McGregor, and Phil Schaap. Consisting of 24 tracks, the ranges of album's genre include jazz-instrumental, jazz-funk, trumpet jazz, modal music, hard bop, fusion and hiphop (on the closing track).

"Solea", "Seven Steps to Heaven", "Nefertiti", "Duran", "Black Satin", "Back Seat Betty", "So What", "Frelon brun", and "Go Ahead John (part two C)" are some of the most well-known songs on the album. There are four new compositions written/co-written by Glasper. The album stands as a double portrait of Davis, since the album consists of both contemporary songs of recent artists and the past original compositions of Davis. The album won the Grammy Award for "Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media" at 59th Annual Grammy Awards.

Big Fun (Miles Davis album)
Big Fun is an album by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis. It was released by Columbia Records on April 19, 1974, and compiled recordings Davis had made in sessions between 1969 and 1972. It was advertised as a new album with "four new Miles Davis compositions"  One of three Davis albums released in 1974 and largely ignored, it was reissued on August 1, 2000, by Columbia and Legacy Records with additional material, which led to a critical reevaluation.
Margaret Packham Hargrave
Margaret Packham Hargrave (born Margaret Ruth Packham, 1941) is an Australian poet and writer. She is the author of two novels, Jake's Luck (1994) and A Woman of Air (1996), winner of the inaugural Elle/Random House Fiction Prize. Her early career was as a nursing academic and then as a secondary English teacher.

Cleo (magazine)
Cleo was an Australian monthly women's magazine. The magazine was founded in 1972 in Australia; the Australia and New Zealand editions were discontinued in February 2016. Aimed at an older audience than the teenage-focused  Australian magazine Dolly, Cleo was published by Bauer Media Group in Sydney and was known for its Cleo Bachelor of the Year award. In June 2020, Cleo was acquired by the Sydney investment firm Mercury Capital.

Cleo was founded  by Ita Buttrose, and Kerry Packer (heir to Australian Consolidated Press). The magazine was modelled off of Cosmopolitan following ACP's loss of the bid for an Australian licence.

The magazine was a monthly publication, published twelve times per year.
CashCashPinoy
CashCashPinoy is a privately held Philippine deal of the day website that sells products, services and travel packages. Formerly located at Lepanto Building Makati, the office is now located in Pasig, Philippines. The website was officially launched in September 2010 and as of 2015 it had 1.5 million members.

The company set up a retail service for Philippine customers such as IT specialists, sales coordinators, graphic designers, photographers, editors, financial & HR, customer support, logistics, marketing, eCRM specialists etc.

As of 13 July 2017, the company's official website was inactive and displayed a message about a "time out" of business activities.

Lepanto Building
The Lepanto Building, (also known as the B.A. Lepanto Building or Bank of America Lepanto Building), is a 20-storey office building in Paseo de Roxas in Makati City. It was inaugurated in 1978 and was designed by distinguished architect Gabriel Formoso.
Aromatase excess syndrome
Aromatase excess syndrome (AES or AEXS) is a rarely diagnosed genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by an overexpression of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the estrogen sex hormones from the androgens, in turn resulting in excessive levels of circulating estrogens and, accordingly, symptoms of hyperestrogenism. It affects both sexes, manifesting itself in males as marked or complete phenotypical feminization (with the exception of the genitalia; i.e., no ambiguous genitalia) and in females as hyperfeminization.

To date, 30 males and 8 females with AEXS among 15 and 7 families, respectively, have been described in the medical literature.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.