hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bagne (penal establishment)
In French history, bagne [baɲ] is a term used to describe a penal establishment where forced labor was enforced. These establishments were typically in penal colonies or galleys where there were the port bagnes (or maritime bagnes). Not all convicts in the penal system were sentenced to forced labor.

The word "bagne" comes from the Italian bagno, name of a prison in Livorno built on the site of a therma, an ancient Roman Bathhouse.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
1989 FA Cup final
The 1989 FA Cup final was the final of the 1988–89 FA Cup, the top football knockout competition in England. The match was a Merseyside derby between Liverpool and Everton, played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 20 May 1989. Liverpool won 3–2 after extra time, with a goal from John Aldridge and two from Ian Rush. Stuart McCall scored both Everton goals. The final was played just five weeks after the Hillsborough disaster, in which 95 Liverpool fans were killed in a crush (the death toll rose to 96 in 1993 and 97 in 2021), and before kick-off there was a minute's silence and the teams wore black armbands as a sign of respect. Gerry Marsden, lead singer of Gerry & the Pacemakers, led the crowd in a rendition of his hit "You'll Never Walk Alone", which had become synonymous with Liverpool Football Club.

Gerry Marsden
Gerard Marsden MBE (24 September 1942 – 3 January 2021) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and television personality, best known for being leader of the Merseybeat band Gerry and the Pacemakers. He was the younger brother of fellow band member Freddie Marsden.

Gerry and the Pacemakers had the distinction of being the first act to have their first three recordings go to number 1 in the UK charts. Although they never had a number 1 in the United States, they were the second-most successful group from Liverpool, after the Beatles, to have hits on the United States Billboard pop charts. Their 1965 musical film Ferry Cross the Mersey was co-written by Tony Warren.
Pope Leo II
Pope Leo II (c. 01 January 611 – 28 June 683) was the Bishop of Rome from 17 August 682 to his death on 28 June 683. One of the popes of the Byzantine Papacy, he is described by a contemporary biographer as both just and learned. He is commemorated as a saint in the Roman Martyrology.

Roman Martyrology
The Roman Martyrology (Latin: Martyrologium Romanum) is the official martyrology of the Catholic Church. Its use is obligatory in matters regarding the Roman Rite liturgy, but dioceses, countries and religious institutes may add duly approved appendices to it. It provides an extensive but not exhaustive list of the saints recognized by the Church.
Konstantinos Akratopoulos
Konstantinos Akratopoulos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ακρατόπουλος) was a Greek tennis player. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Akratopoulos had a bye in the first round of the singles tournament.  He met Dionysios Kasdaglis of Greece in the second round, losing to the eventual silver medallist.  Akratopoulos finished in a three-way tie for fifth place.

In the doubles tournament, Akratopoulos partnered with his brother Aristidis.  The pair was defeated in the first round by eventual gold medallists Friedrich Traun of Germany and John Pius Boland of Great Britain and Ireland.  They finished in a two-way tie for fourth place among the five pairs.

Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The men's doubles was one of two tennis events on the tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The six pairs that entered were seeded into a single elimination tournament. Only five actually competed, hailing from four nations but entering as three Greek teams and a pair of mixed teams. It was the only event in the 1896 Summer Olympics that had mixed teams (the other two non-individual events, in gymnastics, featured only non-mixed teams).

The doubles team of Kasdaglis and Petrokokkinos appears in the IOC results database as a Greek team.

Kasdaglis is listed as Greek in the database for the singles event: however, as he was a Greek national residing in Alexandria after years in Great Britain, he is listed as Egyptian or as British in some sources.

Petrokokkinos, who did not win a singles medal, is not identified with any nation in the IOC database; however, all sources which give a nationality for Petrokokkinos list him as Greek.
Ammodile
The ammodile, walo or Somali gerbil (Ammodillus imbellis) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Ammodillus. It is found in Ethiopia and Somalia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
David W. Johnson (scholar)
David W. Johnson (born 1940 in Muncie, Indiana) is a social psychologist whose research has focused on four overlapping areas: cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts; constructive controversy; conflict resolution and peer mediation and experiential learning to teach interpersonal and small group skills. Johnson has developed and applied psychological knowledge in effort to improve practices within educational systems.
Johnson's books have been translated into 20 different languages and his work has been applied in many countries.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Gassner
Gassner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Gassner (born 1989), German skeleton racer

Dennis Gassner (born 1948), Canadian production designer

Hermann Gassner (born 1988), German rally driver

Louis Gassner (born 1945), Liechtenstein politician

Peter Gassner (born 1965), American billionaire businessman

Roman Gassner (1929–2008), Liechtenstein politician

Sebastian Gassner (born 1987), Liechtenstein politician

Dennis Gassner
Dennis Gassner (born October 22, 1948) is an American-Canadian production designer. He is notable for his work on Bugsy, Big Fish, Into the Woods, and Blade Runner 2049, his collaborations with the Coen brothers and Sam Mendes, as well the James Bond films Quantum of Solace, Skyfall, and Spectre, the latter two directed by Mendes. He has been nominated seven times for the Academy Award for Best Production Design, and has won once. Gassner was nominated for the Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film for his work on Quantum of Solace, and won for his work on Skyfall.

Gassner attended the University of Oregon, where he played college football as a defensive end from 1967 to 1969.
Auburn Trail
The Auburn Trail is a multi-use rail trail located principally in the towns of Victor and Farmington, Ontario County, New York (USA).  It is approximately 11 miles (18 km) long and maintained by the Towns of Victor and Farmington and Victor Hiking Trails. The trail mostly follows the alignment of the Auburn and Rochester Railroad.  Additional disconnected portions of the Auburn trail are found in the Towns of Pittsford and Brighton, Monroe County, NY. A detailed description and map of the Auburn Trail are available from Victor Hiking Trails.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
Boulevard Royal
Boulevard Royal (French pronunciation: [bulvaʁ ʁwajal], "Royal Boulevard") is a street in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.  The boulevard is a one-way arterial road that runs around the northern and western parts of the city centre, Ville Haute.  Besides its importance as one of Luxembourg City's primary arteries, it is also the home of much of Luxembourg's large financial services industry, including the Banque Centrale du Luxembourg (No.2), Banque de Luxembourg (No.14), and Quintet Private Bank (No.43).

Ville Haute
The Ville-Haute (French pronunciation: [vil ot]; Luxembourgish: Uewerstad, pronounced [ˈu̯əvɐʃtaːt] ⓘ; German: Oberstadt, pronounced [ˈoːbɐʃtat]; all lit. 'High City') is a district in central Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It is the historic center of Luxembourg City and is involved in its UNESCO World Heritage Site status. As of 31 December 2025, the Ville-Haute has a population of 3,513 inhabitants.

The Ville-Haute is home to prestigious squares, buildings and monuments such as Place Guillaume II, Place d'Armes, Notre-Dame Cathedral and Grand Ducal Palace, as well as many government institutions. The Gëlle Fra Monument of Remembrance war memorial is situated on Place de la Constitution.
Posterior cortex
Posterior cortex usually means the posterior (back) part of the complete cerebral cortex and includes the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices. In other words, the posterior cortex includes all the cerebral cortex without the frontal cortex.

In combination with specific cortical areas, 'posterior cortex' usually refers to the posterior (back) part of that cortical area. For example: the posterior parietal cortex is the posterior part of the parietal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex is the posterior part of the cingulate cortex.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Richard Henle
Richard Henle (Chinese: 韩理加略; pinyin: Hán Lǐjiālüè, 21 July 1863 – 1 November 1897) was a German Catholic missionary of the Society of the Divine Word in Shandong during the last decade of the 19th century. Together with Franz Xaver Nies, he was one of two missionaries killed in the Juye Incident that led to the German occupation of the Kiautschou Bay concession and was followed by the acquisition of concessions in China by other foreign powers.

Richard Henle arrived in the mission house of the Society of the Divine Word in Styl on 8 October 1880 and was ordained on 15 June 1888 by Cardinal Fischer of Cologne. He embarked on his mission to China from Style on 15 September 1890, traveling through Switzerland to Genoa, where he boarded the ship "Sachsen" to Shanghai on 30 September. The ocean journey went through the Suez canal, made stops in Aden and Colombo, Sri Lanka, before arriving in Shanghai on 5 November 1890.

Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory (German: Deutsches Pachtgebiet Kiautschou), also known as the Jiaozhou, Kiaochau, Kiaochow, Kiauchau, and Kiao-chau Bay Concession, was a German leased territory in Imperial and Early Republican China from 1898 to 1914. Covering an area of 552 km2 (213 sq mi), it centered on Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou-Bucht) on the southeastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula. The administrative center was at Qingdao (Tsingtau). It was operated by the East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy. The Russian Empire resented the German move as an infringement on Russian ambitions in the region.
2024 County Championship
The 2024 County Championship (referred to as the Vitality County Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 124th County Championship cricket season in England and Wales. As in 2023, Division One had ten teams and Division Two had eight teams. The season began on 5 April and ended on 29 September 2024. Surrey won the title with one match remaining, repeating their success in 2022 and 2023. They were the first team to become champions in three successive years since Yorkshire in 1966–68, having last achieved this feat themselves in 1958.

Jordan Cox (cricketer)
Jordan Matthew Cox (born 21 October 2000) is an English professional cricketer who plays for Essex and England.

A member of the Kent academy since the age of 10, Margate-born Cox began his career with his home county, signing his first professional contract in 2018. After five years with Kent, Cox joined Essex in 2023.

Internationally, Cox was formerly an England Under-19 international, including at the 2020 World Cup. He made his full international debut in a T20I against Australia in September 2024.
Estadio Cacique Diriangén
Estadio Cacique Diriangén is a multi-purpose stadium in Diriamba, Nicaragua.

It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium to Diriangén FC.  The stadium holds 7,500 people.

In April 2012, it was announced the stadium was to be renovated.

Diriangén FC
Cacique Diriangén Fútbol club is a Nicaraguan professional football club based in Diriamba which competes in Nicaraguan Premier Division (Primera Division). It is one of the oldest clubs in not only Nicaragua but also in Central America.
Uganda People's Democratic Army
The Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) was a rebel group that operated in northern Uganda from March 1986 to June 1988, representing one of the most significant armed challenges to the newly established National Resistance Army (NRA) government led by Yoweri Museveni. The organization emerged as part of the broader post-1986 insurgency in northern Uganda, reflecting deep-seated ethnic and political tensions following the NRA's victory in the Ugandan Bush War.

Gulu
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city id Kampala is 333 kilometres (207 mi) from Kampala by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.
Daniel Coughlin
Daniel P. Coughlin (born November 8, 1934) is an American Catholic priest who served as the 59th Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives from 2000, to 2011. He was the first Catholic to serve in the position, and the process that led to his selection included some controversy.

America (magazine)
America is a monthly Catholic magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in midtown Manhattan. It contains news and opinion about Catholicism and how it relates to American politics and cultural life. It has been published continuously since 1909, and is also available online.

With its Jesuit affiliation, America has been considered a liberal-leaning publication, and has been described by The Washington Post as "a favorite of Catholic liberal intellectuals".
Elbe Sluice
The Elbe Sluice (Czech: Zdymadlo Střekov) also known as Střekov Sluice, Masaryk Sluice or Sluice of T. G. Masaryk is a lock on the Elbe river in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, located immediately below the Střekov Castle.

The main purpose was to navigate the Elbe in the area of the Střekov rapids, which were often impassable. In its time it was one of the largest waterworks in the country and one with the most modern technical concept in Europe.

The hydroelectric power plant, which is part of the sluice, was put into operation in 1935. The waterworks is built in the functionalist style. The sluice is protected as a cultural monument.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
Yonen Buzz
Yonen Buzz is an original German-language manga by Christina Plaka and the continuation of Plastic Chew (originally entitled Prussian Blue, but changed in order to avoid association with the white nationalist band Prussian Blue). While Prussian Blue was published in German by Carlsen Verlag, Yonen Buzz was released by TOKYOPOP Germany. TOKYOPOP is releasing both titles in English in 2006. The release schedule is rather slow, as the author is a full-time Japanology student.

Original English-language manga
An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English. The term "international manga", as used by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, encompasses all foreign comics which draw inspiration from the "form of presentation and expression" found in Japanese manga. This may also apply to manga-inspired comics made in other languages.
Ischiopsopha
Ischiopsopha are beetles from the subfamily Cetoniinae, tribe Schizorhinini. The genus was described by Raffaello Gestro in 1874. The type species of the genus is Cetonia bifasciata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824. These cetoniids have only the tip of the scutellum visible. The genus is widespread throughout the whole Australian region.

Scutellum (insect anatomy)
The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. In the Hemiptera, and some Coleoptera, the scutellum is a small triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases. In Diptera and Hymenoptera, the scutellum is nearly always distinct, but much smaller than (and immediately posterior to) the mesoscutum.

Scutellum in various types of insect

26 = Heteroptera scutellum

6 = Diptera scutellum

9 = Coleoptera scutellum

10 = Formicidae scutellum
Iffley Lock
Iffley Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England near the village of Iffley, Oxfordshire. It is on the southern outskirts of Oxford. The original lock was built by the Oxford-Burcot Commission in 1631 and the Thames Navigation Commission replaced this in 1793. The lock has a set of rollers to allow punts and rowing boats to be moved between the water levels.

In addition the lock and weir streams there is stream further to the east which used to be the Mill Stream.

The weir is downstream of the lock, where the weir stream is joined by the mill stream.

Thames Navigation Commission
The Thames Navigation Commission managed the River Thames in southern England from 1751 to 1866. In particular, they were responsible for installing or renovating many of the locks on the river in the 18th and early 19th centuries
Phenyl-2-nitropropene
1-Phenyl-2-nitropropene, or simply phenyl-2-nitropropene, or P2NP, as it is commonly referred to, is a chemical compound from the aromatic group of compounds, with the formula C9H9NO2. It is a light-yellow crystalline solid with a distinct smell. Phenyl-2-nitropropene is used in the pharmaceutical industry to manufacture the drug Adderall, an amphetamine mixture used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. P2NP and other similar nitrostyrenes are also employed in the clandestine manufacture of drugs of the amphetamine class, and are listed as drug precursors in many countries.

N-Butylamine
n-Butylamine is an organic compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3(CH2)3NH2. This colourless liquid is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and isobutylamine. It is a liquid having the fishy, ammonia-like odor common to amines.  The liquid acquires a yellow color upon storage in air.  It is soluble in all organic solvents. Its vapours are heavier than air and it produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
New Game!
New Game! is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Shōtarō Tokunō, which was serialized in Houbunsha's seinen manga magazine Manga Time Kirara Carat from January 2013 to August 2021 and is licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment.

The series is set in Tokyo's Suginami Ward and it follows a 19-year-old Japanese female game developer along with her acquaintances on their adventure through the ups and downs of game development, from making the perfect character design to fixing all the errors that inevitably accumulate in the process.

An anime television series adaptation by Doga Kobo aired in Japan between July and September 2016, with a second season airing between July and September 2017. A video game developed by 5pb. was released in January 2017.

Suginami
Suginami (杉並区, Suginami-ku) is one of the 23 special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The ward refers to itself as Suginami City in English.

The total area is 34.06 km2.
As of June 1, 2022, Suginami has an estimated population of 588,354 and a population density of 17,274 persons per km2.

Suginami's mascot is a green little dinosaur called Namisuke.
Pancharukhi
Pancharukhi  is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,588 people living in 792 individual households.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.