hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big East Conference (Iowa)
The Big East Conference was a high school athletic conference in Eastern Iowa. The conference was made up of primarily 1A and 2A schools (the smallest two classifications of schools in Iowa). There were nine teams in the conference, spanning from Lisbon in Linn County to the Mississippi River, in its final incarnation.

At its peak in the early 2000s, the Big East Conference had 14 schools, but due to consolidations, school closings and changes in conference affiliation, membership soon dropped, and in its final year as a conference had nine members. Following the 2012–13 school year, the conference was dissolved, with its schools being split up between two leagues.

Linn County, Iowa
Linn County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 230,299, and was estimated to be 231,762 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Cedar Rapids. Linn County is named in honor of Senator Lewis F. Linn of Missouri. Linn County is included in the Cedar Rapids, IA Metropolitan statistical area.
Azem Mullaliu
Azem Mullaliu (born in Kavajë) is a retired Albanian footballer who played as a defender for Besa Kavajë in the Albanian Superliga during the 1970s. He was called up and played in several unofficial matches for the Albania national football team.

Kavajë
Kavajë (/kɑːˈvaɪə/ ⓘ kah-VY-ə, Albanian definite form: Kavaja) is a city and municipality centrally located in the Western Lowlands region of Albania, in Tirana County. It borders Durrës to the north 17 km (11 mi), Tiranë to the east 27 km (17 mi) and Rrogozhinë to the south 15 km (9 mi). To the west lies the Adriatic Sea. According on the 2023 census, the municipality had a population of 30,012, although the Civil Registry inferred the total number of inhabitants to be 79,556. The overall surface area is 199.00 square kilometres (76.83 sq mi).
Le Bec-Thomas
Le Bec-Thomas (French pronunciation: [lə bɛk tɔmɑ]) is a village and commune in the department of Eure of the Normandy region in France. Le Bec-Thomas is part of the canton of Grand Bourgtheroulde and the arrondissement of Bernay. The INSEE code for Le Bec-Thomas is 27053, and the Le Bec-Thomas zip code is 27370.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
Southold
Southold may refer:

Southold, New York, a town located in Suffolk County, New York, USA

Southold (CDP), New York, a census-designated place and hamlet in the town of Southold, New York, USA

Former name of Southolt, Suffolk, England

Southold (LIRR station), a station along the Main Line (Greenport Branch) of the Long Island Rail Road. It is located on Youngs Avenue and Traveler Street, just north of NY 25 (Main Road) in Southold, New York, and is the last LIRR station to be located north of NY 25

Southold High School

Southold Historic District, a national historic district located at the hamlet of Southold in Suffolk County, New York

Southold, New York
The Town of Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island. The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census. The town contains a hamlet,  also named Southold, which was settled in 1640.
Tiny TV
Tiny TV was a brand name used by Turner Broadcasting for a slate of international programming blocks targeting preschool children. The block primarily aired on Cartoon Network in regions such as United Kingdom, India, Scandinavia, South Korea, and Taiwan. Tiny TV was also broadcast on Boomerang in Latin America and Southeast Asia, as well as Pogo TV in India.

The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky
The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky is an Australian animated children's television series that first aired on ABC Kids on 8 August 2005 to 20 April 2009, while also airing on Milkshake!, a program block on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom. The animation is a mixture of CGI, 2D and stop motion.
New Britain dwarf kingfisher
The New Britain dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx sacerdotis), is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to New Britain and Umboi Island. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

This species was formerly considered as one of the 15 recognised subspecies of what was then known as the variable dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx lepidus or Alcedo lepidus). A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2013 found that most of the insular subspecies had substantially diverged from one another. The variable dwarf kingfisher was therefore split and 12 of the subspecies, including the New Britain dwarf kingfisher, were promoted to species status. At the same time the name of the variable dwarf kingfisher was changed to the Moluccan dwarf kingfisher.

Umboi Island
Umboi (also named Rooke or Siassi) is a volcanic island between the mainland of Papua New Guinea and the island of New Britain. It is separated from New Britain by the Dampier Strait, and Huon Peninsula and New Guinea by the Vitiaz Strait. It has an elevation of 1,335 metres (4,380 feet).

The Siassi Archipelago lies off the southeast coast of Umboi Island (a total of 18 islands, only seven are inhabited).
Masaili
Masaili  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of southeastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,072 people living in 528 individual households.

Sarlahi District
Sarlahi (Nepali: सर्लाही Listenⓘ) is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Being one of eight districts of Madhesh Province, it is an Outer Terai district, which borders Rautahat district to the west, Mahottari district to the east, Sindhuli district to the north, and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. The district, with Malangwa as its headquarter, covers an area of 1,259 km2 (486 sq mi) and has a population of 862,470 in 2021.
Delbert Tibbs
Delbert Lee Tibbs (June 19, 1939 – November 23, 2013) was an American man who was wrongfully convicted of murder and rape in 1974 in Florida and sentenced to death. Later exonerated, Tibbs became a writer and anti-death penalty activist.

Exoneration
Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to exonerate" can also mean to informally absolve one from blame.

The term "exoneration" also is used in criminal law to indicate a surety, i.e. bail bond has been satisfied, completed, and exonerated. The judge orders the bond exonerated; the clerk of court time stamps the original bail bond power and indicates exonerated as the judicial order.
Joseph Carlebach
Joseph Hirsch (Tzvi) Carlebach  (January 30, 1883, Lübeck, German Empire – March 26, 1942, Biķerniecki forest, near Riga, Latvia) was a German Orthodox rabbi, natural scientist, and
scholar of the history of the Jews in Germany.

Lämel School
The Lämel School (Hebrew: בית הספר למל; also the Von Lamel School; often misspelled Lemel School) is a school established in Jerusalem in 1856 by the Austrian family of Simon von Lämel to educate members of the Old Yishuv in the city. It was initially established in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, but moved to a permanent building in Zikhron Moshe in 1903.
Maurice Vignerot
Maurice Marie Joseph Vignerot (25 November 1879 in Paris – 28 September 1953 in Gap, Hautes-Alpes) was a French croquet player and Olympic silver medallist. He was beaten to the gold medal by Chrétien Waydelich in Singles, two balls at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. All the contestants in the competition were French. He died at Gap, Hautes-Alpes, France in 1953.

Croquet
Croquet (UK: /ˈkroʊkeɪ, -ki/ or US: /kroʊˈkeɪ/) is a sport which involves hitting wooden, plastic, or composite balls with a mallet through hoops (often called "wickets" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court.

The sport was codified in England in the 1860s and then spread overseas. However, similar games have been recorded back to the late Middle Ages. Today, there are several variations of the game.

At its highest level, the game is played internationally with top players coming from Australia, England, Spain, Egypt, South Africa and the United States amongst other countries.

The sport can be played equally well by men and women. In 2018, two international championships open to both sexes were won by women.
2013 British Rowing Senior Championships
The 2013 British Rowing Senior Championships were the 42nd edition of the National Senior Championships, held from 19–20 October 2013 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. They were organised and sanctioned by British Rowing, and are open to British rowers.

British Rowing
British Rowing, formerly the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA), is the national governing body for the sport of rowing (both indoor and on-water rowing). It is responsible for the training and selection of individual rowers and crews representing Great Britain and England, and for participation in and the development of rowing in England. Scottish Rowing (formerly SARA) and Welsh Rowing (formerly WARA) oversee governance in their respective nations, organise their own teams for the Home International Regatta and input to the GB team organisation.

British Rowing is a member of the British Olympic Association and the World Rowing Federation (formerly FISA).
Andri Marteinsson
Andri Marteinsson (born 31 January 1965) is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a midfielder. He won 20 caps for the Iceland national football team between 1984 and 1994.

Andri was most recently the manager of 1. deild karla side ÍR, having also previously coached Haukar and Víkingur Reykjavík.

1. deild karla (football)
1. deild karla, known as Lengjudeild karla (The Lengja League) for sponsorship reasons, is an association football league in Iceland. It is the second highest professional level in the Icelandic football league system. The league was founded in 1955 and current champions are Þór. The league was expanded to 12 teams for the 2007 season, after having only 10 teams for many years. Since 2008 the top three divisions have all had 12 teams.
Umov effect
The Umov effect, also known as Umov's law, is a relationship between the albedo of an astronomical object, and the degree of polarization of light reflecting off it. The effect was discovered by the Russian physicist Nikolay Umov in 1905, and can be observed for celestial objects such as the surface of the Moon and the asteroids.

The degree of linear polarization of light P is defined by

where  and  are the intensities of light in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the plane of a polarizer aligned in the plane of reflection. Values of P are zero for unpolarized light, and ±1 for linearly polarized light.

Umov's law states

where α is the albedo of the object. Thus, highly reflective objects tend to reflect mostly unpolarized light, and dimly reflective objects tend to reflect polarized light. The law is only valid for large phase angles  (angles between the incident light and the reflected light).

Polarizer
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light. Polarizers are used in many optical techniques and instruments. Polarizers find applications in photography and LCD technology. In photography, a polarizing filter can be used to filter out reflections.

The common types of polarizers are linear polarizers and circular polarizers. Polarizers can also be made for other types of electromagnetic waves besides visible light, such as radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays.
Derzsy's disease
Derzsy's disease is a goose disease caused by Goose parvovirus.

The virus is shed in the faeces and thus transmission is horizontal, via the direct faecal-oral route and also indirectly via fomites. Vertical transmission is also possible.

Clinical disease only occurs in young geese between birth and 4–5 weeks of age.

Vertical transmission
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.  A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.
WCCW
WCCW might refer to:

WCCW (AM), a radio station at 1310 AM licensed to Traverse City, Michigan

WCCW-FM, a radio station at 107.5 FM licensed to Traverse City, Michigan

World Class Championship Wrestling, defunct professional wrestling promotion based in Texas which went out of business in 1990

Women's Center for Creative Work, is a network of women based in Los Angeles who promote art and feminism.

Washington Corrections Center for Women, a woman's prison in Gig Harbor, Washington

WCCW (AM)
WCCW (1310 kHz) is a radio station licensed to Traverse City, Michigan, United States, owned by Midwestern Broadcasting. Programming includes syndicated sports talk programs originating from WXYT in Detroit branded as The Ticket as well as ESPN Radio programming nights and weekends.

WCCW is one side of a radio combo in . It is owned by the Midwestern Broadcasting group, which to this day includes the family members of its original partners from the early 1940s, the Biedermans, Kikers and McClays. Midwestern acquired WCCW AM/FM, its long-time "local competitor" in 1996. The highly rated FM station is WCCW-FM, while the AM station is one of the lowest-rated Arbitron-wise in the area.

It airs play-by-play coverage of the Detroit Tigers, Detroit Lions, Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons and Michigan State University sports.
John Dunne (bishop of Wilcannia)
John Dunne (21 January 1846 – 25 December 1916) was a Roman Catholic bishop.  He was the first bishop of the Diocese of Wilcannia in New South Wales, Australia.

Dunne was born in Rhode, King's County, Ireland. He studied for the priesthood at Carlow College and was a priest of the Sydney archdiocese. His relative John Dunne, then Vicar-General of Goulburn, requested that Dunne be devoted to the Diocese of Goulburn. The request was granted by Archdeacon John Polding and the newly promoted priest worked for 16 years in Goulburn. Dunne was consecrated the first Bishop of Wilcannia on 14 August 1887 at Goulburn Cathedral, a position he retained until his death.

Dunne's uncle, Patrick Dunne, was an Irish-born priest who also ministered in Australia.

County Offaly
County Offaly (/ˈɒfəli/; Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Kakisa
Kakisa (Slavey language: K’agee; between the willows) is a "Designated Authority" in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community is located on Kakisa Lake, and is southeast of Fort Providence. Originally located at Tathlina Lake, the community moved, in 1962, to the present location in order to be closer to the Mackenzie Highway and is linked by a 13 km (8.1 mi) all-weather road.

Tathlina Lake
Tathlina Lake is a large, shallow lake, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.

This turbid lake, the 15th largest in the Northwest Territories, is located at an elevation of 269 metres, and has an average depth of only 1 metre. Due to this shallow depth, it is considered vulnerable to changes in such variables as water level and temperature, ice thickness, and dissolved oxygen levels. It has also been subject to fish kills.

Commercial fishing for walleye (Sander vitreus) commenced in 1953. However, during the 1960s to 1990s it experienced poor harvests. It has been closed to commercial fishing since 2000.
Say It with Music (song)
"Say It with Music" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin. It was introduced in the Music Box Revue of 1921, where it was the de facto theme song and sung as a duet. The song was popularised by Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra on 30 August 1921; this recording debuted on the charts on 12 November of that year, remained there for 14 weeks and peaked at number 1. Other popular versions in 1921/22 were by John Steel and by Ben Selvin.

John Steel (singer)
John W. Steel (January 11, 1895 – June 25, 1971; sometimes referred to as John Steele) was an American tenor. He was featured in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1919 and 1920 and Irving Berlin's Music Box Revues of 1922 and 1923.
O schöner Mai!
O schöner Mai! (Oh Lovely May!), Op. 375, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. It features melodies from Strauss's fifth operetta, Prinz Methusalem. The waltz was first performed in January 1877, with Eduard Strauss conducting. The principal waltz theme of this work is a quote from the Act 3 duet for Pulcinella and Methusalem ("O du, O du, me in Feldmarschall"), while the remaining melodies are taken from Acts 1 and 2, including the Act 1 Chorus and Ensemble, "O schöner Mai!".

Waltz
The waltz (from German  Walzer [ˈvaltsɐ] ⓘ, meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom and folk dance, in triple ( 34 ) time, performed primarily in closed position. Along with the ländler and allemande, the waltz was sometimes referred to by the generic term German Dance in publications during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Khadzhimurad Gadzhiyev
Khadzhimurad Gadzhiyev (born 12 October 2000) is an Azerbaijani freestyle wrestler. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 74 kg event at the 2019 European Games held in Minsk, Belarus.

In March 2021, he qualified at the European Qualification Tournament to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. In June 2021, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 74 kg event at the 2021 Waclaw Ziolkowski Memorial held in Warsaw, Poland.

He was not able to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics due to injury and, instead, Turan Bayramov represented Azerbaijan in the men's 74 kg event.

In 2022, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 held in Rome, Italy.

2019 European Games
The 2nd European Games 2019 (Belarusian: II Еўрапейскія гульні, Jeŭrapiejskija huĺni 2019; Russian: II Европейские игры, Yevropeyskiye igry 2019), also known as the 2019 European Games or Minsk 2019 (Belarusian: Мінск 2019; Russian: Минск 2019), were held in Minsk, Belarus, from 21 June to 30 June 2019. The games featured 200 events in 15 sports (23 disciplines). Around 4,000 athletes from 50 countries participated. Ten of the sports offered qualification opportunities for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The opening ceremony at the Dinamo Stadium was held on 21 June, and the closing ceremony at the same venue was held on 30 June.

The logo of the games was "paparać-kvietka"—a plant that plays an important role in the culture of the Slavs. The slogan of the event is "Bright Year, Bright You", which also makes reference to the national domain of the Republic of Belarus and the official international shortening—BY.
Brisson
Brisson is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoine-François Brisson (1728–1796), French lawyer

Barnabé Brisson (1531–1591), French jurist and politician

Barnabé Brisson (engineer) (1777–1828), French engineer

Brendan Brisson (born 2001), American ice hockey player

Claire-Marie Brisson (born 1991), American university professor

Eugène Henri Brisson (1835–1912), Prime Minister of France

François Brisson (born 1958), French footballer

Gerry Brisson (1937–2013), Canadian hockey player and coach

Jean-Paul Brisson (1918–2006), French historian of Roman history

Jean-Serge Brisson (born 1954), Canadian politician

Louis Brisson (1817–1908), French cleric later sainted

Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist

Thérèse Brisson (born 1966), Canadian ice hockey player

Jean-Paul Brisson
Jean-Paul Brisson (11 September 1918 – 25 June 2006) was a French honorary professor of Latin language and civilisation at the Paris West University Nanterre La Défense. He devoted himself particularly to the social problems of antiquity, North Africa during Antiquity and classical poets.

He participated with other colleagues committed to the left (Elena Cassin, Maxime Rodinson, Maurice Godelier, Charles Malamoud, André-Georges Haudricourt, Jean Yoyotte, Jean Bottero) in a Marxist think tank organised by Jean-Pierre Vernant. This group took on an institutional form with the creation, in 1964, of the Centre des recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes, which later became the Centre Louis Gernet, focusing more on the study of ancient Greece.
Forest, North Yorkshire
Forest is a hamlet in North Yorkshire, England, near the town of Richmond. It is near the villages of Scorton and Bolton-on-Swale. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The only public amenity in Forest is a red telephone box.

Forest is not served by any public transport.

Richmond, North Yorkshire
Richmond is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is located at the point where Swaledale, the upper valley of the River Swale, opens into the Vale of Mowbray. The town's population at the 2011 census was 8,413. The town is 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Northallerton, the county town, and 41 miles (66 km) north-west of York.

In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area was collected under Yorkshire and the town was in the Gilling Wapentake. After the book it became the centre for wapentakes in the Honour of Richmond for the North Riding of Yorkshire. Between 1974 and 2023 the town was the administrative centre of the Richmondshire district of the North Yorkshire non-metropolitan county. Richmond is located near the eastern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, for which it has become a tourist centre.
1928 United States presidential election in California
The 1928 United States presidential election in California took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

California voted for the Republican nominee, former Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover, in a landslide over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Al Smith. This was also the first election in California where the winning candidate received over 1 million votes. This also remains the last time that a Republican got more than 60% of the vote in California.

This was the last time until 1952 that a Republican presidential nominee carried California. After this election, no Republican candidate would win Plumas County again until 1980, and no Republican would carry Fresno County, Kings County, Lassen County, Madera County, and Solano County again until 1972.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.