hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feminism in Norway
The feminist movement in Norway has made significant progress in reforming laws and social customs in the nation, advancing the rights of the women of Norway. It emerged in the 19th century as part of the liberal feminist tradition, centered on women's rights to education, suffrage, and political participation, with the liberal Norwegian Association for Women's Rights as the dominant organization. Today, the movement is marked by a strong fourth wave of feminism, emphasizing intersectionality, inclusivity, and solidarity across gender, sexuality, race, ability, and class, with initiatives such as the Initiative for Inclusive Feminism at the forefront. In 2025, 25 feminist organizations and academic communities came together to adopt the consensus statement "No feminism without trans people: We stand together for an inclusive feminism."

Camilla Collett
Jacobine Camilla Collett (née Wergeland; 23 January 1813 – 6 March 1895) was a Norwegian writer, often referred to as the first Norwegian feminist. She was also the younger sister of Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland, and is recognized as being one of the first contributors to realism in Norwegian literature. Her younger brother was Major General Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland. She became an honorary member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights when the association was founded in 1884.
Porcupine, South Dakota
Porcupine (Lakota: Pȟahíŋ siŋté, 'porcupine tail') is a census-designated place (CDP) in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 925 at the 2020 census.

The community most likely was named after Porcupine Butte. Porcupine has been noted for its unusual place name, and for its designation as the unofficial capital of the unrecognized Republic of Lakotah.

Place names considered unusual
Place names considered unusual can include those which are also offensive words, inadvertently humorous (especially if mispronounced) or highly charged words, as well as place names of unorthodox spelling and pronunciation, including especially short or long names. These names often have an unintended effect or double-meaning when read by someone who speaks another language.
Paul Sartorius
Paul Hélène Marie Joseph Sartorius (20 September 1912 – 13 February 2002) was a French field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Roubaix and is the nephew of Émile Sartorius.

Sartorius was a member of the French field hockey team, which finish fourth in the 1936 Olympic tournament. He played four matches as forward.

Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the fifth edition of the field hockey event at the Summer Olympics.

All games took place either in the Hockey Stadion or on the Hockey Stadion Field No.2. Both of the field hockey grounds were near the Olympic Stadium located on the Reichssportfeld. The competition was held from 4 August 1936 to 15 August 1936. The field hockey matches saw a total attendance of 184,103 and 157,531 tickets were sold. The Indian team scored 38 goals, but only 1 goal was scored against them. British India were the Gold medalists.

Only a men's competition occurred that year.
DeepCool
DeepCool (Chinese: 九州风神) is a Chinese manufacturer of computer hardware headquartered in Beijing. Founded in 1996, the company produces computer cooling products, computer cases, power supplies and related peripherals. The company operates manufacturing facilities in Huizhou and distributes its products to more than 70 countries worldwide.

Huizhou
Huizhou (Chinese: 惠州) is a city in east-central Guangdong Province, China, forty-three miles north of Hong Kong. Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, Shaoguan to the north, Heyuan to the northeast, Shanwei to the east, and Daya Bay of the South China Sea to the south. As of the 2020 census, the city has about 6,042,852 inhabitants and is administered as a prefecture-level city. Huizhou's core metropolitan area, which is within Huicheng and Huiyang Districts, is home to around 2,090,578 inhabitants.
Eladio Perez
Eladio Antonio Pérez Núñez (18 February 1956 – 5 November 2008) was a deputy and member of the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PDR) who ran and was defeated in a May 2006 election to the Congress in the Dominican Republic for the office representing the district of Villa Altagracia. He was twice before elected to the Congress, serving in 1982–1986, and from 1986 to 1990. Pérez  was killed in a shooting in a small jewelry store in November 2008 in San Carlos. He was shot by the owner of the store who claimed Pérez and three others were engaging in robbery attempt. Pérez's relatives claim he went to the store to collect for a large debt.

Villa Altagracia
Villa Altagracia is a municipality (municipio) of the San Cristóbal province in the Dominican Republic. Within the municipality there are three municipal districts (distritos municipal): La Cuchilla, Medina and San José del Puerto.
Argyrotype
Argyrotype is an iron-based silver printing process that produces brown images on plain paper. It is an alternative process derived from the Argentotype, Kallitype, and Van Dyke brown processes of the 19th century, but has greater simplicity, improved image stability, and longer sensitizer shelf-life. The Argyrotype process was developed by Mike Ware in the 1990s.

The core resource used is silver sulphamate (NH2SO3Ag) which can be prepared on site from sulphamic acid. The sensitizer used is very slow, so printing must be by contact with a large format negative, using an ultraviolet lamp or sunlight.

As with most alternative processes there is room for manipulating the process to achieve different effects, and since the image is produced on plain paper many drawing or print making processes can be combined with the original image.

Sulfamic acid
Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with the formula H3NSO3. This colourless, water-soluble compound finds many applications. Sulfamic acid melts at 205 °C before decomposing at higher temperatures to water, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen.

Sulfamic acid (H3NSO3) may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sulfamide (H4N2SO2), effectively replacing a hydroxyl (−OH) group with an amine (−NH2) group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the sulfonyl (−SO2−) moiety.  Sulfamates are derivatives of sulfamic acid.
Highton (surname)
Highton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Highton (1924–1985), English cricketer

Elena Highton de Nolasco (born 1942), Argentine lawyer and judge

Hec Highton (1923–1985), Canadian ice hockey player

Henry Highton (1816–1874), English schoolmaster, clergyman and writer

Jack Highton (1904–1988), British Royal Navy admiral

Paul Highton (born 1976), Welsh rugby league player

Richard Highton (born 1927), American herpetologist

Paul Highton
Paul Highton (born 10 November 1976) is a former Wales international rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain (Academy), and Wales, and at club level for Waterhead A.R.L.F.C. (in Oldham), Halifax/Halifax Blue Sox, Featherstone Rovers, Salford City Reds and Oldham, as a prop, second-row or loose forward.
Parke H. Davis
Parke Hill Davis (July 15, 1871 – June 5, 1934) was an American football player, coach, and historian.

Shortly before his death, Davis compiled a list of "National Champion Foot Ball Teams" for the 1934 edition of Spalding's Foot Ball Guide. For this the NCAA recognizes him as a "major selector" of college football national championships in their official football records book. Davis' selections are the only ones noted by the NCAA to be based on historical research.

Spalding (company)
Spalding is an American sports equipment manufacturing company. It was founded by Albert Spalding in Chicago in 1876 as a baseball manufacturer, and is today headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It sells softballs through its subsidiary Dudley Sports. In the past, Spalding has manufactured balls for other sports, including American football, soccer, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and golf.  The company invented the first basketball in 1894.

For a brief period in the 1980s, Spalding was also a designer of aftermarket automotive wheels.
Prime pour l'emploi
The Prime pour l'emploi (PPE) was a French tax credit aimed at reducing the impact of falling Revenu de solidarité active (welfare benefits) for people returning to work. Implemented in 2001 by the government of Lionel Jospin, it was replaced by the prime d'activité in 2015.

In 2008, 8.7 million working people received the tax credit. The average amount was €36 per month.

Lionel Jospin
Lionel Robert Jospin (French: [ljɔnɛl ʁɔbɛʁ ʒɔspɛ̃]; born 12 July 1937) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.

Jospin was First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1995 to 1997 and the party's candidate for President of France in the 1995 and 2002 elections. In 1995, he was narrowly defeated in the second round by Jacques Chirac. In 2002, he was eliminated in the first round after finishing behind both Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen, prompting him to announce his retirement from politics. In 2015, he was appointed to the Constitutional Council by National Assembly President Claude Bartolone.
Warburton Green
Warburton Green is a district of Hale Barns, Greater Manchester. It is situated to the south east of the centre of the village, close to the M56 and River Bollin. The housing estate grew up around the original hamlet, which was formed by Tanyard Farm and neighbouring properties on Chapel Lane. Warburton Green was originally in Ringway parish.

Ringway, Manchester
Ringway is a civil parish on the southern border of Manchester, England. Historically in Cheshire, it is the only civil parish in the city of Manchester. The population at the 2011 census was 103. Ringway is home to Manchester Airport.
NGC 7707
NGC 7707 is a lenticular galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. It was discovered on October 24, 1786, by the astronomer William Herschel. Its position in the sky is near right ascension 23h 34m 51.4s (J2000 epoch).

Right ascension
Right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol α) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from the Sun at the March equinox to the (hour circle of the) point in question above the Earth. 
When paired with declination, these astronomical coordinates specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system.

An old term, right ascension (Latin: ascensio recta) refers to the ascension, or the point on the celestial equator that rises with any celestial object as seen from Earth's equator, where the celestial equator intersects the horizon at a right angle. It contrasts with oblique ascension, the point on the celestial equator that rises with any celestial object as seen from most latitudes on Earth, where the celestial equator intersects the horizon at an oblique angle.
Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role
Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role is an award given by Indiantelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a negative role, that is in the role of an antagonist.

The award was first awarded in 2002. Since 2005, the award has been separated in two categories, Jury Award and Popular Award. Winner of Jury award is chosen by the jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

Urvashi Dholakia, Meghna Malik and Hina Khan are the only actresses who have won both Popular and Jury awards.

Na Aana Is Des Laado
Na Aana Is Des Laado (lit. Never Come to This Country, Dear Girl) is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language soap opera that premiered on 9 March 2009 on Colors TV and finished on 27 July 2012, reaching a total of 870 episodes. The show portrays various social evils practiced in India. It is sixth longest-running Indian television series of Colors TV. A sequel series titled Laado 2 - Veerpur Ki Mardani premiered on Colors TV in 2017.
Kalivody
Kalivody is a municipality and village in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. The stream Bakovský potok originates in the municipality.

Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
Stilbite
Stilbite is the name of a series of tectosilicate minerals of the zeolite group. Prior to 1997, stilbite was recognized as a mineral species, but a reclassification in 1997 by the International Mineralogical Association changed it to a series name, with the mineral species being named:

Stilbite-Ca

Stilbite-Na, sometimes also called stiblite: 325

Stilbite-Ca, by far the more common of the two, is a hydrous calcium sodium and aluminium silicate, NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28(H2O). In the case of stilbite-Na, sodium dominates over calcium.  The species are visually indistinguishable, and the series name stilbite is still used whenever testing has not been performed.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Gab Sorère
Gabrielle Bloch (17 February 1870 – 14 July 1961), known professionally as Gab Sorère, was a French art promoter, set designer, mechanical innovator, filmmaker and choreographer of the Belle Époque. Collaborating with her partner, Loïe Fuller, to explore illusion through luminescence, she produced films and choreographies which moved performance from dancers being lighted to the abstract vision of lights dancing. When Fuller died, Sorère inherited the dance troupe and laboratory of her partner and strove to keep her legacy as a visual effects artist alive. She continued to produce innovative productions utilizing fluorescence and light into the 1950s.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
1968 Colombian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 17 March 1968 to elect the Chamber of Representatives, the last occasion on which mid-term elections were held for the Chamber. Under the National Front agreement, only the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party were able to contest the elections, with 50% of the seats in both houses allocated to each party. As a result, the main contest at the elections was between factions within each party.

National Front (Colombia)
National Front (Spanish: Frente Nacional; 1956–1974) was a period in the history of Colombia in which the two main political parties, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, agreed to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The National Front Presidents were Alberto Lleras Camargo (Liberal), Guillermo León Valencia (Conservative), Carlos Lleras Restrepo (Liberal), and Misael Pastrana Borrero (Conservative).
Wendy Callan
Christianity portal

Wendy Mary Callan is the former Dean of Killala from 2012 to 2013.

Callan was born in 1952, educated at Oxford Brookes University and ordained in the Church of England in 1999. After a curacy in Bicester she was Vicar of Shipton-under-Wychwood from 2003 until 2010. In that year she became the incumbent at Kilmoremoy.

Shipton-under-Wychwood
Shipton-under-Wychwood is a village and civil parish in the Evenlode valley about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Burford, in the West Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. The village is one of three named after the ancient forest of Wychwood. The others are Milton-under-Wychwood immediately to the west of the village and Ascott-under-Wychwood about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the east. The 2011 Census recorded Shipton-under-Wychwood's parish population as 1,244.
Derek Wong
Derek Wong (born Wong Zi Liang, traditional Chinese: 黃梓良, 13 January 1989) is a retired Singaporean badminton player. Wong is a two-time Olympian, who took part at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, where he was flag bearer in the latter's Parade of Nations.

2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
During the Parade of Nations within the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes and officials from each participating team marched in the Maracanã Stadium preceded by their flag and placard bearer. Each flag bearer had been chosen either by the team's National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves.
Donnell Thompson
Larry Donnell Thompson  (October 27, 1958 – September 17, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end for the Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).  Thompson played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

After leaving the NFL, Thompson became a franchisee for McDonald's  in Atlanta, Georgia. He purchased his own franchise in 1998 and later opened franchises for Choice Hotels International, Zaxby's, Denny's and Checkers Drive-In, sometimes in partnership with his former roommate Ron Wooten. Thompson died on September 17, 2024, at the age of 65.

Zaxby's
Zaxbys is an American chain of fast casual restaurants offering chicken fingers, sandwiches, chicken wings, appetizers, and salads. The chain operates primarily in the Southern United States and has more than 900 locations. Most Zaxbys restaurants are owned and operated through franchising.
Charlie Thomas (politician)
Charles Humbert Thomas (24 June 1915 – 14 January 1976) was a Progressive Conservative party
member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick and became a businessman and wholesaler by career.

He was first elected at the Moncton riding in the 1968 general election, then re-elected there in the 1972 election. Charlie Thomas left federal office when he was defeated at Moncton by independent candidate Leonard Jones in the 1974 federal election.

1974 Canadian federal election
The 1974 Canadian federal election was held on July 8, 1974, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 30th Parliament of Canada.  The governing Liberal Party was reelected, going from a minority to a majority government, and gave Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau his third term. The Progressive Conservatives, led by Robert Stanfield, did well in the Atlantic provinces, and in the West, but Liberal support in Ontario and Quebec ensured a majority Liberal government.
Slow Suicide
"Slow Suicide" is the fifth single by Scott Stapp, released on October 8, 2013. It is the first single from his second solo album Proof of Life, released on November 5, 2013. It is Stapp's first single to be released since "Surround Me" on October 31, 2006.

Scott Stapp
Scott Anthony Stapp (born Anthony Scott Flippen; August 8, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Creed. He has also fronted Art of Anarchy and has released four solo albums.

Stapp has received several accolades, including numerous RIAA certifications. Stapp and Creed bandmate Mark Tremonti won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 2001 as the writers of the Creed song "With Arms Wide Open". In 2006, Hit Parader ranked Stapp as the 68th-greatest heavy metal vocalist.
Ruud-Jan Kokke
Ruud-Jan Kokke (Velp, 1956) is a Dutch designer who started his career in the mid-eighties and became known for his furniture, inventive objects, interiors and designs for public space. He has received numerous nominations and awards. He is married to the visual artist and jewellery designer Petra Hartman.

Velp, Gelderland
Velp is a Dutch village located east of Arnhem within the municipality of Rheden, between Arnhem, Rozendaal, and the town of Rheden.

Velp was a separate municipality from 1812 to 1818, when it was merged with Rheden. The municipality also included the village of Rozendaal.
IBM 305 RAMAC
The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first commercial computer that used a moving-head hard disk drive (magnetic disk storage) for secondary storage. The system was publicly announced on September 14, 1956, with test units already installed at the U.S. Navy and at private corporations. RAMAC stood for "Random Access Method of Accounting and Control", as its design was motivated by the need for real-time accounting in business.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.