hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monilaria obconica
Monilaria obconica, the bunny succulent, is a species from family Aizoaceae. This species is endemic to the Namaqualand region.

The resemblance of Monilaria obconica's leaves to bunny ears and its other features facilitated a surge in popularity on Twitter throughout Japan in 2017. It is similar to Monilaria moniliformis, the bunny ear succulent.

Namaqualand
Namaqualand (Khoikhoi: "Nama-kwa" meaning Nama Khoi people's land) is an arid region of Namibia and South Africa, extending along the west coast over 1,000 km (600 mi) and covering a total area of 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi). It is divided by the lower course of the Orange River into two portions – Little Namaqualand to the south and Great Namaqualand to the north.

Little Namaqualand is within the Namakwa District Municipality, forming part of Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It is geographically the largest district in the country, spanning over 26,836 km2. A typical municipality is Kamiesberg Local Municipality. The semidesert Succulent Karoo region experiences hot summers, sparse rainfall, and cold winters.

Great Namaqualand, in the Karas Region of Namibia, is sparsely populated by the Nama, a Khoikhoi people who have traditionally inhabited the Namaqualand region.
Tradescantia mosaic virus
Tradescantia mosaic virus (TZV) is a plant pathogenic virus  in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.  Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, TZV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 754 nanometers in length. This virus is transmitted by two species of aphids, Myzus persicae and Rhapalosiphum padi and by mechanical inoculation.

Myzus persicae
Myzus persicae, known as the green peach aphid, greenfly, or the peach-potato aphid, is a small green aphid belonging to the order Hemiptera. It is the most significant aphid pest of peach trees, causing decreased growth, shrivelling of the leaves and the death of various tissues. It also acts as a vector for the transport of plant viruses such as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco etch virus (TEV). Potato virus Y and potato leafroll virus can be passed to members of the nightshade/potato family (Solanaceae), and various mosaic viruses to many other food crops.

Originally described by Swiss entomologist Johann Heinrich Sulzer in 1776, its specific name is derived from the Latin genitive persicae, "of the peach". The syntype specimen of this species is located in the Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection.
Hornsey (UK Parliament constituency)
Hornsey /ˈhɔːrnˌziː/ was a constituency that returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, 1885 — 1983. It was then largely replaced by Hornsey & Wood Green.  Its voters using the first-past-the-post system elected the Conservative Party candidate at each election. Its closest result was a 1.29% majority at the 1966 election which saw the start of the Second Wilson Ministry.  From 1945 onwards the runners-up in the seat were the Labour Party candidates.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Society of Washington Artists
The Society of Washington Artists was established in 1890 in Washington, D.C. The Society was organized by the Art Students League of Washington.

The Society's first exhibit was in 1891, held at the Woodward & Lothrop building. Within a few years the Society had its own gallery space at 1020 Connecticut Avenue. In that space the Society exhibited loaned art work held in private collections in Washington, D.C. By 1900 the Society's annual exhibits included out-of-town artists and were the forerunners of the Corcoran Gallery's Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Art.

Early exhibitors included Alice Pike Barney, Frank Weston Benson, William Merritt Chase, L. Birge Harrison, Childe Hassam, Helen Louise Beccard Niles Hobart Nichols, Edward Willis Redfield, George Senseney, Juliet Thompson, and Irving Ramsey Wiles.

The Society has a collection of art. The majority of the collection was donated in 2015 from the trustees of Corcoran Gallery of Art.

Irving Ramsey Wiles
Irving Ramsey Wiles (April 8, 1861 – July 29, 1948) was an American artist, born in Utica, New York.

In the early 20th century, Wiles was a popular exponent of American grand manner portraiture as redefined by the work of John Singer Sargent, Giovanni Boldini, and James Whistler in late 19th century Europe. During his peak, he was one of the leading portraitists in America, working alongside his compatriots John White Alexander and Cecilia Beaux to paint the American leisure class.

Despite the decline of interest in his work (in part due to the general declining status of grand manner portraiture during the 21st century), Wiles' paintings today continue to reside and remain on display in institutions such as the de Young Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery, Washington D.C., and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
Manila massacre
The Manila massacre (Filipino: Pagpatay sa Maynila or Masaker sa Maynila), also called the Rape of Manila (Paggahasa ng Maynila), involved atrocities committed against Filipino civilians in the City of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, by Japanese troops during the Battle of Manila (3 February 1945 – 3 March 1945) which occurred during World War II. At least 100,000 civilians were killed in total during the battle from all causes, including the massacre by Japanese troops.

The Manila massacre was one of several major war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Japanese commanding admiral, Sanji Iwabuchi, who stood behind the massacre committed suicide during the battle. The Japanese commanding general, Tomoyuki Yamashita, and his chief of staff Akira Mutō, were held responsible for the massacre and other war crimes in a trial which started in October 1945. Yamashita was hanged on 23 February 1946 and Mutō on 23 December 1948.

Palacio del Gobernador
The Palacio del Gobernador (transl. Governor's Palace) is a government building located in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. It is located southwest from Plaza de Roma and built in its current form in 1976. At present, the building houses the Intramuros Administration, the Commission on Elections and the Home Development Mutual Fund National Capital Region Office. It also previously housed the Bureau of the Treasury until it relocated across Plaza de Roma to the Ayuntamiento de Manila on July 2013.
Whitefriargate
Whitefriargate  is a pedestrianised street in the Old Town area of Kingston upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. During the 20th century, it was one of the main shopping streets in the city centre, but some of the major stores have closed down, which has been attributed to out of town shopping centres. However, the Street still provides a useful link to and from the old town of Hull.

Whitefriargate has 33 listed buildings according to Historic England, and was notable for the Beverley Gate at the west end of the street, which was the place of execution of Robert Constable in 1537. Over a hundred years later in 1642, the gate was closed to King Charles I by John Hotham on the order of Parliament, which provided a catalyst for the First English Civil War.

Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet
Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet (c. July 1589 – 3 January 1645) of Scorborough Hall, near Driffield, Yorkshire, was an English Member of Parliament who was Governor of Hull in 1642 shortly before the start of the Civil War. He refused to allow King Charles I or any member of his entourage to enter the town, thereby depriving the king of access to the large arsenal contained within. Later in the Civil War he and his son John Hotham the younger were accused of treachery to the Parliamentarian cause, found guilty and executed on Tower Hill.
Cucumis
Cucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the family Cucurbitaceae which includes the cucumber (Cucumis sativus), true melons (Cucumis melo, including cantaloupe and  honeydew), the horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus), and the West Indian gherkin (Cucumis anguria).

30 species occur in Africa, and 25 occur in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. However, Cucumis myriocarpus was introduced to Australia from Sub-Saharan Africa, and is regarded as an invasive species.

Cucumber
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the family Cucurbitaceae that bears cylindrical to spherical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables. Considered an annual plant, there are three main types of cucumber—slicing, pickling, and seedless—within which several cultivars have been created. The cucumber originates in Asia extending from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), and Northern Thailand, but now grows on most continents, and many different types of cucumber are grown commercially and traded on the global market. In North America, the term wild cucumber refers to plants in the genera Echinocystis and Marah, though the two are not closely related.
Shal Shulta
The Shal Shulta (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡀࡋ ࡔࡅࡋࡕࡀ, romanized: Šal Šulta) is a commonly recited prayer in Mandaeism. It is numbered as Prayer 171 in E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, which was based on manuscript 53 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 53).

The Ṭabahatan (Prayer 170) directly precedes the Shal Shulta prayer.

Yawar Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Yawar Ziwa (Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ, lit. 'dazzling radiance', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈziwa]; also known as Yawar Kasia ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡊࡀࡎࡉࡀ "Hidden Yawar", Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈkæsjæ]; or Yawar Rabba ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡓࡁࡀ "Great Yawar", Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈrɑbbɑ]) is an uthra (angel or guardian) from the World of Light. He is the personification of light, as well as the head of reproductive powers.

Simat Hayyi, the personification of life, is married to Yawar Ziwa.
Prince of Tver
The Prince of Tver (Russian: Князь тверской) was the ruler of the Principality of Tver. The princes of Tver descended from the first prince, Yaroslav Yaroslavich (r. 1247–1271). They are also known as the "Iaroslavichi" or "Yaroslavichi of Tver", or the "Mikhailovichi of Tver". In 1485, Tver was formally annexed by Moscow and became an appanage.

Ivan the Young
Ivan Ivanovich (Russian: Иван Иванович) or Ioann Ioannovich (Иоанн Иоаннович), also known as Ivan the Young (Russian: Иван Молодой, romanized: Ivan Molodoy; 15 February 1458 – 6 March 1490), was the eldest son and heir of Ivan III of Russia from his first marriage to Maria of Tver. In 1471, he was given the title of grand prince by his father and made co-ruler. In 1485, he was given Tver as an appanage.
Ben Moore (composer)
Ben Moore (born January 2, 1960) is an American composer whose works include art song, musical theatre, cabaret, chamber music, choral music and opera.  His songs have been recorded by Deborah Voigt, Susan Graham Nathan Gunn and Lawrence Brownlee on the EMI, SonyBMG, Warner Classics and Opus Arte labels.  Other singers who have performed his music include Frederica von Stade, Jerry Hadley, Robert White, and Audra McDonald.

Jerry Hadley
Jerry Hadley (June 16, 1952 – July 18, 2007) was an American operatic tenor. He received three Grammy Awards for his vocal performances in the recordings of Jenůfa (2004 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording), Susannah (1995 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording), and Candide (1992 Grammy Award for Best Classical Album). Hadley was a leading American tenor for nearly two decades. He was mentored by soprano Joan Sutherland and her husband, conductor Richard Bonynge. Leonard Bernstein chose Hadley for his 1989 recording of Candide on Deutsche Grammophon. Aside from singing opera and operetta, Hadley also sang on Broadway.
1979 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1979 Davis Cup.

29 teams entered the Europe Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. 25 teams entered the competition in the qualifying round, competing for 4 places in each sub-zone's main draw to join the 4 finalists from the 1978 Europe Zone. The winners of each sub-zone's main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Eastern Zone.

Italy defeated Great Britain in the Zone A final, and Czechoslovakia defeated Sweden in the Zone B final, resulting in both Italy and Czechoslovakia progressing to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

Italy Davis Cup team
The Italy men's national tennis team represents Italy in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Italian Tennis Federation.

Italy is the reigning champion, claiming the Davis Cup in 2025. It is a four-time champion overall, also winning in 1976, 2023, and 2024. It finished runner-up six times (1960, 1961, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1998).

The most awarded player (by titles won when part of the team) is Simone Bolelli, with three victories. Matteo Berrettini, Lorenzo Musetti, Jannik Sinner, Lorenzo Sonego and Andrea Vavassori won the Davis Cup twice. The most awarded captain is Filippo Volandri, with three victories.

For the past three years, Italy has won the title, becoming the first country to win the event three consecutive times since the United States in 1972. In 2024 and 2025, Italy was also champion in the Billie Jean King Cup, making it the only country to win both events in consecutive years.
Bathybates hornii
Bathybates hornii is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it forms schools and feeds mainly on clupeids.  This species is apparently rather rare. It is little known and it is normally recorded from deep water during the day and moves towards the shorelines at night. The identity of the person honoured in this fish's specific name is uncertain but it is likely to be either, or both, of the Horn brothers, Adolf or Albin, who explored German East Africa and collected specimens for the Vienna Museum where the describer Franz Steindachner was curator of fishes.

Clupeidae
Clupeidae is a family of clupeiform ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings and sprats. Many members of the family have a body protected with shiny cycloid (very smooth and uniform) scales, a single dorsal fin, and a fusiform body for quick, evasive swimming and pursuit of prey composed of small planktonic animals. Due to their small size and position in the lower trophic level of many marine food webs, the levels of methylmercury they bioaccumulate are very low, reducing the risk of mercury poisoning when consumed.

The earliest known fossil members of this group are the stem-clupeids Italoclupea and Lecceclupea from the late Campanian/early Maastrichtian of Italy.
Winner (surname)
Winner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albertine Winner (1907–1988), British physician and medical administrator

Charley Winner (1924–2023), American football coach

David Winner (author) (born 1956), English author and journalist

David Winner (soccer) (born 1971), retired American soccer goalkeeper

Joseph Winner (1837–1918), American composer

Langdon Winner (born 1944), American philosopher of technology

Lauren Winner (born 1976), American writer and educator

Michael Winner (1935–2013), English film director, television personality, and food critic

Reality Winner (born 1991), American accused of leaking intelligence documents

Septimus Winner (1827–1902), American songwriter

Septimus Winner
Septimus Winner (May 11, 1827 – November 22, 1905) was an American songwriter of the 19th century.  He used his own name, and also the pseudonyms Alice Hawthorne, Percy Guyer, Mark Mason, Apsley Street, and Paul Stenton.  He was also a teacher, performer, and music publisher.
The Review of Austrian Economics
The Review of Austrian Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering heterodox economics published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established by Murray Rothbard,  who edited ten volumes between 1987 and 1997. After Rothbard's death, Walter Block, Hans-Hermann Hoppe, and Joseph T. Salerno edited the journal for two years. It was published by Lexington Books and later by Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Ludwig von Mises Institute then replaced the journal with the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics.

The review is now affiliated with George Mason University, who continued publication with volume 11 in 1999. The editors-in-chief are Peter J. Boettke and Christopher J. Coyne (George Mason University).

Peter Boettke
Peter Joseph Boettke (/ˈbɛtki/; born January 3, 1960) is an American economist of the Austrian school. He is currently a professor of economics and philosophy at George Mason University; the BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism, vice president for research, and director of the F.A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University.
Gummer
Gummer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Gummer (born 1992), Australian soccer player

Ben Gummer (born 1978), British Conservative Party politician

Don Gummer (born 1946), American sculptor.

George Gummer, Welsh rugby league footballer

Grace Gummer (born 1986), American actress

Jason Gummer (born 1967), Welsh footballer

John Gummer, Baron Deben (born 1939), British Conservative Party politician

Mamie Gummer (born 1983), American actress

Peter Gummer, Baron Chadlington (born 1942), British businessman

Scott Gummer, American writer and editor

Tom Gummer (1894 – 1982), British boxer

Jason Gummer
Jason Craig Gummer (born 27 October 1967) is a Welsh former professional footballer.

After progressing through the youth setup at Cardiff City, Gummer made his professional debut for the club on 7 September 1985 in a 1–1 draw with York City. However, he struggled with injuries and, after a short loan spell with Torquay United, he was released by the club in 1989. He later played in the Welsh Premier League for Inter Cardiff and Ebbw Vale.
Juan Ramón Molina National Library
The Juan Ramón Molina National Library (in Spanish Biblioteca Nacional Juan Ramón Molina) is the national library of Honduras, containing more than 40,000 volumes. It was founded by Antonio R. Vallejo, with the support of Secretary Marco Aurelio Soto and Ramón Rosa. The library was established August 27, 1880, during the administration of Marco Aurelio Soto through an agreement on February 11, with a budget of one thousand pesos. It was renamed after the poet Juan Ramón Molina in 2009.

The Biblioteca Nacional de Honduras is a public institution governed by the Secretary of Culture, Artribunas and Sports. Its mission is to compile, catalog, classify, conserve and spread all published documents in the country as well as foreign publications.

Ramón Rosa
Ramón Rosa Soto (15 July 1848 – 28 May 1893) was a lawyer, journalist, politician and liberal writer of the second half of the nineteenth century.  He was the ideologue of educational changes of Liberal Reform in Guatemala and then in Honduras.  He served as Principal Minister during the rule of his cousin, Dr. Marco Aurelio Soto and was associated with Soto's mining investments.
UNIVAC I
The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer for business applications produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC.  Design work was started by their company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), and was completed after the company had been acquired by Remington Rand (which later became part of Sperry, now Unisys). In the years before successor models of the UNIVAC I appeared, the machine was simply known as "the UNIVAC".

The first UNIVAC was accepted by the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951, and was dedicated on June 14 that year. The fifth machine (built for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) was used by CBS to predict the result of the 1952 presidential election. With a sample of a mere 5.5% of the voter turnout, it famously predicted an Eisenhower landslide.

Unisys
Unisys Corporation is a technology company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. The company provides cloud, AI, digital workplace, logistics, and enterprise computing services.
Write Angle
The Write Angle Contest was a screenwriting contest organised by Sulekha.com, the B4U Movies Television channel and co-sponsored in the US by MetLife. The panel of judges included Shyam Benegal, Javed Akhtar, Mahesh Bhatt, Mira Nair, Tanuja Chandra, Farrukh Dhondy, John Matthew Matthan, Honey Irani and Santosh Sivan. According to its sponsors, the contest attracted more than 1800 entries from 50 countries. The prize money of $5000 was the largest amount ever awarded for a writing competition in India. The contest opened in November, 2001 and closed in June, 2002.

Honey Irani
Honey Irani is an Indian actress and screenwriter, who works in Hindi cinema. She started her career as a child actor with roles in films such as Mahesh Kaul’s Pyar ki Pyas. She was probably four to five years old when the shooting of the movies Chirag Kahan Roshni Kahan and Bombay Ka Chor started.
Cutchin
Cutchin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlisle Cutchin (1885–1953), American football, baseball, and basketball coach and college athletics administrator

Phil Cutchin (1920–1999), American football player and coach

Phil Cutchin
Phil Cutchin (September 9, 1920 – January 7, 1999) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater from 1963 to 1968, compiling a record of 19–38–2. Although he never had a winning season at Oklahoma State, he led the team to their first win over Oklahoma in 20 years. He played college football at the University of Kentucky, where he subsequently worked as an assistant coach under coach Bear Bryant and accompanied Bryant to coach at Texas A&M and Alabama.