hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monge patch
In the differential geometry of surfaces, the Monge patch designates the parameterization of a  surface by its height over a flat reference plane. It is also called Monge parameterization or Monge form.

In physical theory of surface and interface roughness, and especially in the study of shape conformations of membranes, it is usually called the Monge gauge, or less frequently the Monge representation.

Surface roughness
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property. It has different interpretations and definitions depending on the disciplines considered.

In surface metrology, surface roughness is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth. Roughness is typically assumed to be the high-frequency, short-wavelength component of a measured surface. However, in practice it is often necessary to know both the amplitude and frequency to ensure that a surface is fit for a purpose.
Kumano River
The Kumano River (熊野川, Kumanogawa) is a river in the Kii Peninsula of central Japan, located in Nara, Wakayama and Mie Prefectures. It is 183 kilometres (114 mi) long and has a watershed of 2,630 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi).

The river rises from Mount Ōmine in the Yoshino-Kumano National Park in Tenkawa, Nara and follows a generally southward course to drain into the Pacific Ocean on the border between Shingū, Wakayama and Kihō, Mie. The river is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which incorporates nature scenery of the Kii peninsula with numerous Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines forming a pilgrimage route.

Municipalities through which the river passes are:

Nara Prefecture
Tenkawa, Nara
Gojō, Nara
Totsukawa, Nara

Wakayama Prefecture
Tanabe, Wakayama
Shingū, Wakayama

Mie Prefecture
Kumano, Mie
Kihō, Mie

Gojō, Nara
Gojō (五條市, Gojō-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2024, the city had an estimated population of 26,998 in 13363 households, and a population density of 92 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 292.02 km2 (112.75 sq mi).
1991–92 NCAA football bowl games
The 1991–92 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1991 and January 1992 to end the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. A total of 18 team-competitive games, and two all-star games, were played. The post-season began with the California Bowl on December 14, 1991, and concluded on January 18, 1992, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.

Senior Bowl
The Senior Bowl is a post-season college football all-star game played annually in late January or early February in Mobile, Alabama, which showcases the best NFL draft prospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility. Produced by the non-profit Mobile Arts & Sports Association, the game is also a charitable fund-raiser, benefiting various local and regional organizations with over US$7.8 million in donations over its history. The game is sponsored by Panini America and is televised by the NFL Network.
Khadi
Khadi (pronounced [kʰaːdiː], Khādī), derived from khaddar, is a hand-spun and woven natural fibre cloth promoted by Gandhi as swadeshi (of homeland) for the freedom struggle of India and the term is used throughout the Indian subcontinent. The first piece of the hand-woven cloth was made in the Sabarmati Ashram of Gandhi during 1917–18. The coarseness of the cloth led Gandhi to call it khadi. The cloth is made from cotton, but it may also include silk or wool, which are all spun into yarn on a charkha. It is a versatile fabric that remains cool in summer and warm in winter. To improve its appearance, khadi is sometimes starched to give it a stiffer feel.

Sabarmati Ashram
Sabarmati Ashram is located in the Sabarmati suburb of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, adjoining the Ashram Road, on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 4 miles (6.4 km) from the town hall. This was one of the many residences of Mahatma Gandhi, who lived at Sabarmati (Gujarat) and Sevagram (Wardha, Maharashtra) when he was not travelling across India or in prison. He lived in Sabarmati or Wardha for a total of twelve years with his wife, Kasturba Gandhi and followers, including Vinoba Bhave. The Bhagavad Gita was recited here daily as part of the Ashram schedule.

It was from here that Gandhi led the Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, on 12 March 1930. In recognition of the significant influence that this march had on the Indian independence movement, the Indian government has established the Ashram as a national monument.
WXOS
WXOS (101.1 FM) is a commercial radio station affiliated with ESPN Radio and licensed to East St. Louis, Illinois, broadcasting to the Greater St. Louis area. Owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, its studio facilities are located on Olive Boulevard in St. Louis, while its transmitter is located in south St. Louis County near Concord.

Concord, Missouri
Concord is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 17,668 at the 2020 census. It should not be confused with Concord Township, which the CDP shares much land with, but these areas' boundaries are not identical.
Alex del Carmen
Alejandro del Carmen is a Nicaraguan and American criminologist and academic. He was a professor at Tarleton State University and director of its Institute for Predictive Analytics in Criminal Justice (IPAC), before retiring in 2026. Del Carmen is an authority on race and crime with expertise on police practices and racial profiling. He has trained thousands of police officers and police chiefs, and is a regular instructor at the FBI in Quantico.

Tarleton State University
Tarleton State University is a public research university in Stephenville, Texas, United States. It is a founding member of the Texas A&M University System and enrolled over 15,000 students in the fall of 2022. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Ernst-Merck-Halle
Ernst-Merck-Halle was a 5,600-capacity indoor arena located in Hamburg, Germany, that was opened in 1950 and demolished in 1986. It was named after German businessman and politician Ernst Merck. Artists that appeared at the hall include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Kiss, Iron Maiden, Queen, Pink Floyd, The Who, AC/DC, Santana, Sweet and Deep Purple. The building was demolished in June 1986.

Ernst Merck
Freiherr Ernst Merck (20 November 1811 – 6 July 1863) was a German businessman and politician.

Merck, born in Hamburg, was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament for a year from 1848 to 1849.

Merck was also the cavalry chief of the Hamburg Citizen Militia, founder of the Zoological Garden in Hamburg, and initiator of an association to rescue  shipwrecked persons.

In 1853, Merck was appointed Austrian Consul General in Hamburg. He invested at that time in the railway lines of Austria and in 1856 co-founded and joined the board of the Empress Elisabeth Railway, named after the Empress of Austria. Thanks to his work, he was raised in 1860 by Emperor Franz Joseph to the rank of baron in the hereditary Austrian nobility. This was not positively received by the citizens of Hamburg, which was a republic. Even his half-brother, Syndicus Carl Merck (1809-1880) took occasion to complain that recently Hanseatic citizens "hunted for Orders and nobility and the other satisfactions for vanity."
Aebutia gens
The gens Aebutia was an ancient Roman family that was prominent during the early Republic.  The gens was originally patrician, but also had plebeian branches.  The first member to obtain the consulship was Titus Aebutius Helva, consul in 499 BC.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Iliff School of Theology
Iliff School of Theology is a private graduate Methodist theological school in Denver, Colorado.  Founded in 1892, the school's campus is adjacent to the University of Denver.

Iliff is one of thirteen United Methodist Church seminaries in the United States. It also has close connections with the United Church of Christ, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Unitarian Universalist Association, the Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church USA, the Metropolitan Community Church, and others.  Iliff's student body represents more than thirty faith traditions, and Iliff aims to recruit, enroll, and retain a student body that is fifty percent Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color (BIPOC) by the fall of 2024.

Iliff School of Theology is accredited by Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada and the Higher Learning Commission.

Higher Learning Commission
The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) is an institutional accreditor in the United States.  It has historically accredited post-secondary education institutions in the central United States: Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The headquarters of the organization is in Chicago, Illinois.

The United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation recognize the commission as an institutional accreditor. HLC grew out of the higher education division of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA), which dissolved in 2014.
Bob Reade
Bob Reade (July 22, 1932 – July 5, 2020) was an American football coach. He served as the head coach at Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois from 1979 to 1994, compiling a record of 146–23–1. His Augustana Vikings won four consecutive NCAA Division III Football Championships from 1983 and 1986 and were runners-up in 1982. Reade's teams went unbeaten for 60 straight games (59 wins, one tie) between the start of the 1983 season and the second round of the 1987 NCAA Division III playoffs, when Augustana lost to Dayton, 38–36. This remains the record for the longest unbeaten streak in NCAA Division III football history. Reade's teams won or shared 12 College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin championships and he was named conference Coach of the Year nine times (1981, 1983–1987, 1990, 1993–1994). This award is now named in his honor. Reade was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1998.

Augustana (Illinois) Vikings football
The Augustana Vikings football team represents Augustana College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Vikings are members of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW), fielding its team in the CCIW since 1946 when it was known as the College Conference of Illinois. The Vikings play their home games at Charles D. Lindberg Stadium in Rock Island, Illinois.

The team's head coach is Steve Bell, who took over the position for the 2015 season.
Karategin Uzbeks
The Karategin Uzbeks (formerly known as Dormon Uzbeks) are a Karluk-Turkic ethnic group, indigenous to Karategin, Tajikistan, but now living in the regions between Balkh and Kabul, in North Afghanistan. In the 16th century they were expelled by the Kyrgyz to their present homeland.

Karluk languages
The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties spoken by Karluks, an ancient people present in Central Asia in the 5th-8th centuries CE. By far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur.

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.
Otopharynx brooksi
Otopharynx brooksi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi.  This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL.  This species can also be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name of this fish honours John Langdon Brooks (1920-2000), an evolutionary biologist at Yale University.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Elwood Bredell
Elwood Bailey Bredell (24 December 1902 – 26 February 1969) was an American cinematographer and child silent screen actor. He is sometimes credited as Woody Bredell or Elwood Dell. Although he worked in many genres, mostly at Universal, Bredell is best known for his film noir cinematography on such movies as Phantom Lady (1944), Lady on a Train (1945) The Killers (1946), and The Unsuspected (1947). Warner Bros. editor George Amy said Bredell could "light a football stadium with a single match".

Female Jungle
Female Jungle is a 1955 black-and-white film noir directed by Bruno VeSota and starring Kathleen Crowley, Lawrence Tierney, John Carradine and  Jayne Mansfield. The production was Mansfield's first film, as well as the only American International Pictures entry into film noir.
Maungaraki
Maungaraki is a suburb of Lower Hutt. It is one of several Lower Hutt suburbs on the western hills of the Hutt Valley. It contains the largest suburban development on the Hutt Valley's western escarpment that runs along the Wellington Fault.

Maungaraki translated from Māori means "northern mountain". This may reference the Māori pā to the south that once stood at Pito-one.

In 2021, Maungaraki was chosen by national news publication Stuff as the best suburb to live in the Wellington region due in part to high sunshine hours, excellent schooling, panoramic views, a diverse population and low crime.

Wellington Fault
The Wellington Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It is a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault with variable amounts of vertical movement causing uplift to the northwest, as expressed by a series of ranges. It forms part of the North Island Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate.
Universal Health Services
Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS) is an American Fortune 500 company  that provides hospital and healthcare services, based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. In 2024, UHS reported total revenues of $15.8 billion.

Psychiatric Institute of Washington
The Psychiatric Institute of Washington (PIW) is an acute (104 bed) psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C. Opened in 1967, PIW is a short-term, private hospital. It offers behavioral healthcare to patients with mental and addictive illnesses, including children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Services offered by PIW include inpatient, partial and intensive outpatient hospitalization, and group treatment programs for substance abuse and addiction.

As reported by US News, the Psychiatric Institute of Washington had 2,641 admissions and 1,766 outpatient visits in 2011. The hospital employed five physicians and dentists, twenty-two registered nurses, and ten practical nurses on its full-time medical staff. The hospital's part-time medical staff in 2011 included forty registered nurses and six practical nurses. PIW does not have a surgical unit or offer emergency department services.
Jazz (novel)
Jazz is a 1992 historical novel by Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning American author Toni Morrison. The majority of the narrative takes place in Harlem during the 1920s; however, as the pasts of the various characters are explored, the narrative extends back to the mid-19th-century American South.

The novel forms the second part of Morrison's Dantesque trilogy on African-American history, beginning with Beloved (1987) and ending with Paradise (1998).

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.

As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918).

The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 and eligibility was expanded to the broader "distinguished fiction published in book form". The Advisory Board wanted to give the award to James A. Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, which required expanding the category criteria and lifting the ban on short stories.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three.
1970 Helvetia Cup
The 1970 Helvetia Cup was the ninth edition of the Helvetia Cup mixed team badminton tournament. This was the second time West Germany has hosted the event.

Hosts West Germany won their ninth consecutive title by defeating the Netherlands 4–3 in the final. In the playoff for third place, Wales defeated Norway 4–3. In the classification round, Czechoslovakia defeated Austria 5–2 for fifth place while Switzerland defeated Finland for seventh place.

Finland national badminton team
The Finland national badminton team (Finnish: Suomen sulkapallomaajoukkue) represents Finland in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Finland (Finnish: Suomen Sulkapallo), the national organization for badminton in Finland.

The Finnish men's team have once participated the Thomas Cup in 1994 but were eliminated in the group stage. The team's most recent achievement was achieving a semifinalist bronze position at the 2014 European Men's Team Badminton Championships. The women's team have never competed in the Uber Cup. Their best result was reaching the quarterfinals at the 2016 European Women's Team Badminton Championships.

The mixed team participated in the Sudirman Cup simultaneously until 2007. The team later qualified for the Sudirman Cup again in 2021 when Vantaa was chosen as the host for the 2021 Sudirman Cup. Finland finished in 14th place after being eliminated in the group stage.
Military Order of St. Henry
The Military Order of St. Henry (Militär-St. Heinrichs-Orden) was a military order of the Kingdom of Saxony, a member state of the German Empire. The order was the oldest military order of the states of the German Empire. It was founded on October 7, 1736 by Augustus III, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. The order underwent several more revisions over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It became obsolete with the fall of the Saxon monarchy in the wake of Germany's defeat in World War I.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Löwenberg (surname)
Löwenberg is a surname, meaning "lion mountain" in the German language. Notable people named Löwenberg include:

Bob Löwenberg, Dutch hematologist

Daniela Löwenberg (born 1988), German football midfielder

Mrs. I. Lowenberg (1845–1924), American author, clubwoman

Mrs. I. Lowenberg
Mrs. I. Lowenberg (née, Bettie Lilienfeld; December 11, 1845 – December 1924) was an American author, clubwoman, reformer, and socialite. Born in Alabama and educated in Missouri, she removed to San Francisco, California in 1860 and spent the rest of her life there. Lowenberg was the founder of San Francisco's Philomath Club, the first club in the world composed of Jewish women with a regularly adopted constitution. Her essays focused on various topics, especially on peace and arbitration. All three of her novels advocated for various types of reform.
2013 Virginia 529 College Savings 250
The 2013 Virginia 529 College Savings 250 was the 25th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, September 6, 2013, in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond International Raceway, a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) D-shaped oval. The race took the scheduled 250 laps to complete. At race's end, Brad Keselowski, driving for Penske Racing, would pass eventual second-place finisher, Richard Childress Racing driver Brian Scott late in the race to win his 25th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his fifth win of the season. To fill out the podium, Regan Smith of JR Motorsports finished third.

Brad Keselowski
Bradley Aaron Keselowski (/kɛzˈlaʊski/; born February 12, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver, team owner, and entrepreneur. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 6 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for RFK Racing, a team he also co-owns. He was the owner of Brad Keselowski Racing, which fielded two full-time trucks in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 10 years.

Keselowski, who began his NASCAR career in 2004, is the second of only six drivers to win a championship in both the Cup Series and the Xfinity Series and the twenty-fifth driver to win a race in each of NASCAR's three national series.

Keselowski is the owner and founder of Keselowski Advanced Manufacturing, a hybrid manufacturing company based in Statesville, North Carolina, specializing in additive metal technologies as well as CNC machining.